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•
ALLIBONE'S
DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE
AND
BRITISH AND AMERICAN AUTHORS.
A
CRITICAL DICTIONARY
OF
ENGLISH LITERATURE
AND
BRITISH AND AMERICAN AUTHORS
Living and Deceased
FROM THE EARLIEST ACCOUNTS
TO THE LATTER HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.
CONTAINING
OVER FORTY-SIX THOUSAND ARTICLES (AUTHORS),
WITH FORTY JNDEXES OF SUBJECTS,
BY
amucé
S. AUSTIN ALLIBONE.
· The Chief Glory of every People Arises from its Authors.”—DR. JOHNSON.
VOL. I.
PHILADELPHIA
J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.
1882.
Eutered, according to an act of Congress, in the year 1854, by
S. AUSTIN ALLIBONE.
In the clerk's office or the District Court of the United States, in and for the Eastern District
of Pennsylvania.
Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1858, by
GEORGE W. CHILDS,
in the clerk's office of the District Court of the United States in and for the Eastern District
of Pennsylvania.
ΤΟ
GEORGE WILLIAM CHILDS,
The Original Publisher of this Volume,
WHO HAS GREATLY FURTHERED MY LABOURS BY HIS ENTERPRISE
AND
ZEALOUS AND INTELLIGENT INTEREST,
PHILADELPHIA, September 1, 1858.
I Dedicate
THE FRUITS OF MANY YEARS OF ANXIOUS RESEARCH
AND
CONSCIENTIOUS TOIL.
S. AUSTIN ALLIBONE.
FAV
7- 17 40?
Basement Study Stabl
Subiary of Elle, Barnes
6-1340
3 v.
PREFACE.
1
|
THE importance and value of a dictionary of a lan- | 100 volumes a year, it would require 500 years to
guage are understood and appreciated by all. If I exhaust such a library! How important is it, then,
· find a word in a book, or hear a word used by another, to know what to read! And how shall this knowledge
: which I do not fully comprehend, I have nothing to be obtained? Now let us revert to our opening re-
do but refer to my dictionary, where all the needful marks upon the value of a dictionary of words. If
information is before me. I have now increased my there be such an advantage in full definition, in
stock of knowledge, and can use the word myself in alphabetical arrangement, and consequent facility of
speaking or writing, and comprehend it when used reference, why should we not have a dictionary of
by others. Another link is added to those ties which books and authors as well as of words? Suppose that
bind me to society; my capacity for giving and re- I wish to know whether Hume or Lingard's History
ceiving valuable information and innocent pleasure of England, or Spenser's Poems, or Burke's Speeches,
is enlarged. It is now natural for me to reason with or Thomson's Seasons, are desirable works for my
myself, that if the knowledge of only one new term school, my library, my parlour table;—or suppose I
of thought be so desirable, because so useful, how wish to know the personal history of these authors—
would my usefulness and happiness be increased of Hume, Lingard, Burke, Thomson-what trouble I
by larger additions to my stock of mental wealth! shall have in obtaining the desired information! But
A life spent in the acquisition of knowledge, surely if I had a Dictionary of Literary History and Bio-
would be a happy life! But few men can so devote graphy, I have nothing to do but turn to H, or L, or
their whole time, and if this were practicable, life is B, or T, and I am at once in possession of what I
too short for any one man to possess himself of all seek. But is there any such work to be had? It is
the secrets of nature, the discoveries of science, and a remarkable fact that, notwithstanding the obvious
the triumphs of art. I cannot at the same time, advantages of such a work, there was none such in
gaze with the astronomer, explore with the voyager, print before the present publication. There were,
calculate with the mathematician, and experiment indeed, meagre "Compendiums of English Litera
with the philosopher. But it occurs to me that there ture," and "Comprehensive Cyclopædias," the largest
is a mode in which I may, to a large extent, avail of which (with the exception of a book of titles of
myself of the results of the labours of others. These works) contains about 850 out of more than 30,000
have been given to mankind through the medium of authors! Much of such knowledge, too, is found
the press.
I can, therefore, devote my leisure time scattered here and there in expensive biographical
to such profitable reading as shall make me acquainted compilations, which can never become popular, be-
with much of which I must otherwise be ignorant. cause very costly, and are, indeed, insufficient authori-
Reading is that art by which I am enabled to avail ties in literary history.
myself of the recorded wisdom of mankind.
But
here a practical difficulty suggests itself. The multi-
plicity of books, even in my own language, renders
a careful selection absolutely indispensable It has
been computed that of the 650,000 (?) volumes in the
English language, about 50,000 would repay a peru-
sal! Suppose a person to read 100 pages a day, or
Deeply lamenting this serious deficiency in the
English Republic of Letters, the compiler determined
to undertake the preparation of the long-desired
work, and he now has the pleasure of presenting to
the public the results of labours extending over a
long period, and pursued with unwearied zeal, in “A
CRITICAL DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE AND
3
4
PREFACE.
BRITISH AND AMERICAN AUTHORS, LIVING AND DE- | the King of England; in modern times, by Lord
CEASED, FROM THE EARLIEST ACCOUNTS TO THE MID- Brougham, Lord John Russell, Sir Robert Peel, Mr.
DLE OF THE 19TH CENTURY."
Macaulay, and many others. Now, such criticisms
The principal features of the work are the follow- and commendations, invaluable as they are, are float-
ing:
ing about in books and pamphlets, often difficult to
In the pre-
1. It is arranged in alphabetical order, to insure procure, and troublesome to examine.
facility of reference.
sent work they will be found, in the whole or in part,
arranged in a few pages under the name of BURKE.
Such an article alone is well worth the price of tho
whole book. When Mr. BRYANT was a youthful poet
his effusions were most favourably noticed by that
first class authority, the LONDON RETROSPECTIVE
REVIEW, as well as by other periodicals and critics.
Some years later, CHRISTOPHER NORTH and WASH-
INGTON IRVING (then in London) displayed their good.
taste by warmly applauding the "thoughts that
breathe and words that burn" of the great American
3. As a general rule, a succinct biography is given bard. In the present work the reader has only to
of each author of note. The length of such notice, turn to the name of BRYANT, to find an account of
of course, depends upon his prominence as an indi- these and other interesting facts connected with Mr.
vidual, and his rank as an author. Those of the B.'s poetical career. So a reference to the name of
first class, such as, Addison Anselm, Ascham, Bacon, WASHINGTON IRVING will place him in possession of
Burke, Byron, Bryant, Chaucer, Chillingworth, Cla- the prominent events connected with the life of this
rendon, Cowper, Davy, Dryden, Dwight, Edwards, distinguished ornament of English literature.
Everett, Franklin, Gildas, Gibbon, Hallam, Hall, like manner are noticed the works and lives of the
Henry, Irving, Johnson, Laud, Leighton. Locke, principal living (as well as deceased) British authors:
Milton, More, Newton, Otway, Paley, Pope, Prescott, -HALLAM, BROUGHAM, MACAULAY, DICKENS, BULWEN
Robertson, Roscoe, Savage, Spenser, Shakspeare, LYTTON, &c.
Sherlock, Southey, Sparks, Taylor, Thomson, Tyn-
dale, Usher, Vanbrugh, Wace, Warburton, Walpole,
Watts, Waterland, Wood, Young, and SEVERAL THOU-
SAND OTHERS, are treated at considerable length. Less
space is devoted to those less distinguished. The
number of authors whose works are noticed is about
30,000, a far greater number of English writers than
has ever before been brought together in any work,
or indeed in all previous publications.
In
5. The laudable curiosity of the bibliomaniac, or
lover of rare works, is not forgotten in this volume.
Occasional notices are given of
|
4. The most valuable feature of the work is now
to be mentioned. Compilers of manuals of literature
have almost universally fallen into the great error of
giving their own opinions, almost exclusively, upon
the merits or demerits of the authors under conside-
ration. Now, these opinions may be valuable or not:
the public generally neither ask nor care what their
views may be. This capital error is avoided in the
present work. The compiler occasionally ventures
an opinion of his own, but this will be merely sup-
plemental to opinions better known and more highly
appreciated by the reading public. As a carefully
prepared RECORD OF THE OPINIONS OF GREAT MEN
UPON GREAT MEN, this work will prove an invaluable
guide to the student of literary history. For instance,
able criticisms upon the speeches and literary pro-
ductions of EDMUND BURKE have been written or
spoken by such men as M. Cazalés, Charles James
Fox, Sir James Mackintosh, Dr. Johnson, Curran,
Wilberforce, the Duke de Levis, Gerard Hamilton,
Dr. French Laurence, Lord Eldon, Dr. Parr, Robert
Hall, the Emperor of Germany, the Princes of France,
2. While professing to chronicle only British and
American authors, in our College of Letters, we
have sometimes overlooked the question of nativity,
and enrolled a writer whose insignia of literary
nobility could properly be quartered on an English
field. That, indeed, would be a prodigal parsimony
which should exclude from the national coffers of
intellectual wealth, the superscriptions of Anselm,
Lanfranc, Benoit De Sainte-Maur, and Peter of
Blois.
"The small, rare volume, black with tarnished gold."
(Ferriar's "Bibliomania," p. 11: Epistle to Richard
Heber, Esq.) whilst the early ROXBURGHE FESTIVALS,
the tournaments at Leigh and Sotheby's, and the tri-
umphs of DIDDIN, HEBER, and THORPE, claim respect-
ful remembrance.
6. The second division of this work consists of a
copious index of subjects, so that the inquirer can
FIND AT A GLANCE ALL THE AUTHORS OF ANY NOTE IN
THE LANGUAGE, ARRANGED UNDER THE SUBJECT OR
SUBJECTS UPON WHICH THEY HAVE WRITTEN. Under
AGRICULTURE, the farmer will find authors' names
alphabetically arranged; and by turning to each one,
can see the title or titles of his work or works, and
probably an estimate of the value of his labours. So
in ANTIQUITIES, CHEMISTRY, DIVINITY, Drama, Law,
POLITICAL ECONOMY, BIOGRAPHY, &c. This arrange-
ment, the compiler considers, will confer an inesti-
mable value upon the work. He thus presents to the
public, in one volume, a COMPREHENSIVE MANUAL
OF ENGLISH LITERATURE-authors and subjects—a
MANUAL WHICH IS TO THE LITERATURE OF THE LAN-
GUAGE WHAT AN ORDINARY DICTIONARY IS TO THE
WORDS OF THE LANGUAGE.
7. The value of the work can be best seen hy a
comparison with other works of a somewhat similar
character.
PREFACE.
5
LO
1. THE BIOGRAPHIA BRITANNICA (complete), in 7 only one volume, yet this contains the matter of more
folio volumes, comes down to a no later period than than thirty ordinary 12mo. volumes of 350 pages each.
1766; 5 volumes of a new edition were published, | It is needless to enlarge upon the superior convenience
1778-93, extending to letter E, and part of F. The for reference which one large volume possesses over
number of authors noticed is few, and, of course, it a number of smaller ones.
excludes all those who have died within the last
sixty-two years, and all recent discoveries in literary
biography. These twelve bulky volumes, which are
now rarely to be met with, are worth about $35 to
$40.
2. CHALMERS'S BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY, 32 vola.
8 vo., 1812-17, contains in all less than 9000 names,
of which perhaps 2500 are those of British au-
thors; it is sold at from $45 to $55. It contains
no author who has died within about forty years.
Our work gives 25,000 to 30,000 names of British
and American authors (including the living) to the
present time.
3. WATT'S BIBLIOTHECA BRITANNICA, 1824, 4 vols.,
4to., like the other works named above, is a very
valuable compilation. It contains the names of about
22,500 British, and perhaps 100 to 200 early American,
authors. Of biographical notices it is almost desti-
tute; in many cases giving a line where our work
gives a column. It sells for $40 to $50.
We shall now proceed to show the weighty claims
which our work presents to the attention of the mem-
bers of the various professions, and the public gene-
rally.
1. The CLERGYMAN will find it an invaluable
How often is he at
guide in his professional duties.
a loss to know what books to refer to, when pursuing
some interesting and useful branch of study! We
are bold to say that there is no work in the language,
with the exception of this volume, which will answer
his purpose. HORNE'S INTRODUCTION, and ORME'S
BIBLIOTHECA BIBLICA, treat of works which relate
WILLIAMS'S CHRISTIAN
to the Scriptures, only.
PREACHER, and Bickersteth's ChrISTIAN STUDENT,
and some other manuals of a similar character, are
very defective in bibliography, and so partial to those
who agree, and (unintentionally) unjust to others
who disagree, with the peculiar views of the compilers,
that the advocate is apparent, where the judge alone
should be heard. Now our work contains almost, if
not quite, all of the critical notices included in these
works, and many others of a different complexion.
The clergyman has only to turn to the class headed
"DIVINITY," and the theological treasures of the
English language are laid open to his view. By such
guidance, instead of purchasing his books at random,
and diminishing his means by the cost of works, which
he finds, on examination, unsuited to his purpose,
he can at once lay his hands upon exactly what he
needs. If he wish to add to his library works of a
miscellaneous character. he can consult this ever-
present, well-informed friend at his elbow, who will
indicate those works which are suitable, and those
which are unsuitable, for his library shelves and
parlour table.
6. CHAMBERS'S CYCLOPEDIA OF ENGLISH LITERA-
TURE is a most valuable work, and should be in all
libraries; but as a map of English literature it is
very defective, though from no fault of the intelligent
editor, Mr. Robert Chambers. He designed to give 2. The LAWYER will find in our work copious
specimens of the works of a few authors, rather than notices of books in his profession, from ARCHBOLD to
a history of British and American authors and lite- VINER. The article "LAW," in the Index, will enable
rature. The bulk of his work is made up of extracts him to discover at once the title and date of, and fre-
from the few authors noticed. Of these there are quently valuable critical opinions from the highest
832 only, WHO ARE ALL INCLUDED in our own work, authorities upon, the legal treatise which is to enable
AND SOME 25,000 To 30,000 IN ADDITION! Not only him to study intelligently the important case, the
have we all of the British authors noticed by CHAM-management of which is, perhaps, to make or mar
BERS, but all included in WATT'S BIBLIOTHECA BRITAN- his professional reputation.
NICA, in LOWNDES'S BIBLIOGRAPHER'S MANUAL, in
ROSE'S BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY, 1848, 12 vols.,
8vo., ClevelaND'S COMPENDIUMS OF ENGLISH LITE
RATURE, &c.; all of the American authors to be found
in R. W. Griswold's compilations, in Allen's American
Biographical Dictionary, and many more, both British
and American, never before included in a work of
this kind. If it be asked, how is it possible for us to
have compressed so vast a quantity of information
into one volume, we answer that, though we give
3. The DOCTOR OF MEDICINE is often at a loss
to lay his hands upon a treatise which will enable
him to master the diagnosis of some disease, which
has baffled his skill, or must be explained to his class.
He has no medical bibliographer to consult; or he
may hesitate to admit ignorance in quarters where
professional rivalry may not always keep the secret.
Our Library of English Literature is on his shelf, is
consulted, has relieved him from his difficulty, and
he commends the wisdom of the profitable purchase.
4. LOWNDES'S BIBLIOGRAPHER'S MANUAL, 1824, 4
vols., 8vo., gives no biography of consequence, few
modern names, and very meagre critical notices,
where any at all are presented. It is but little more
than a catalogue of titles, though a work of much
value to a bibliographer. It meets with a rapid sale
at $24 to $28, and is now very scarce.
5. THE NEW BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY, (Rose's)
12 vols., 8vo., 1848. contains about 3700 names of
British and American authors, excluding all living.
It sells for $30 to $40.
6
PREFACE.
Abernethy's Digestive Organs, Mede's Pestilential Con- | time enough in which to learn two languages, or vo
tagion, or Wall's Consumption, soon smiles grimly in read through more than one hundred volumes!
his library; the patient is soon well enough to laugh
at his doctor, the medical students are dismissed,
"wiser," if not "better, men," and our Esculapius
walks forth, the admiration of his fellow citizens, as
a marvel of erudition.
If you say that one hour is too much time per day to
assume as a basis, then take half an hour, or a quarter,
or five minutes only, and you will see that it is still
worth saving. Be assured that the position you held
among your neighbours, your respectability, your
usefulness, is mainly dependent upon the amount of
knowledge you possess. If you, honest shoemaker,
or carpenter, can tell your group of neighbours who
Franklin was, what Burke was distinguished for, why
Shakspeare is so much admired, in what year Wash-
ington was born and when he died-if you can tell
them about such things, when you meet with the names
of these or other men in the village newspaper, every
one of your neighbours will respect you the more for
your knowledge.
If you, apprentice boy-you, young maiden-can
inform your parents of the philanthropic labours of
a Wilberforce and a Howard, of the eloquence of a
Henry, a Chatham, or a Clay, of the discoveries of a
Davy, or a Fulton, or a Newton, be sure your know-
ledge will "not fall to the ground."
What, indeed, intellectually considered, distin-
guishes a man from a brute, but education? Before
the genius of such men as Edmund Burke and John
Milton, the world has bowed in heartfelt deference:
but had Burke and Milton been without education—
had they been North American Indians, for instance,
what would their genius have done for them? It
might have enabled them to make a better canoe, or
scalp more enemies, or construct handsomer wig-
wams, than their fellows; but if transplanted into
civilized life, they would, in usefulness to society,
have been many degrees inferior to the youth in the
public school. Such is the importance of knowledge,
which is truly "power!" Therefore, delay not to
acquire so inestimable a treasure!
> :
A recent illustration of the pecuniary advantages
of knowledge, may properly conclude this portion of
our subject. An operative in a cotton factory sub-
scribed three dollars a year for a magazine. In this
periodical he found the designs of some patterns for
goods. He thought he could copy them-did so-
was eminently successful, and found that his three
dollars was a most profitable investment. Had he
said to the proffered magazine, as we have imagined
"I have no
the working man to say to our manual,
need of thee," what a mistake he would have made!
7. The individual who follows no particular pur
suit, will find a work most useful, which will enable
him to pass his hours of retirement in entertaining
improvement, and to maintain social intercourse with
credit and esteem.
4. In like manner, the MERCHANT who desires
to be acquainted with the literature of his profession,
and the ARTIST who is looking for the best manuals
of his calling, or the biographies of those who have
graven their names with the chisel upon the eloquent
marble, or stamped their fame upon the glowing
colours of the speaking canvass,-has here a sure
resource.
5. The AGRICULTURIST can learn the most
recent improvements in the treatment of lands, and
provide himself with those stimulants to production,
without which, no farmer can now compete with his
intelligent neighbour.
6. And let not the WORKING MAN say to such a
manual as ours, "I have no need of thee. I am no
scholar, and have no time to read, even if I felt the
desire. I do, indeed, sometimes lament my ignorance
and inability to understand much of what I read in
the papers, but it is too late for me to learn." A
plea of this kind confutes itself.
Our MECHANIC admits that he is often mortified at
his ignorance. Why then should he voluntarily re-
main in ignorance? As to the alleged "want of
time," this is altogether an error. The excuse may
be valid in one case in ten thousand: as the odds are
so great, we feel justified in never admitting its
validity. We will venture to assert that, almost
without an exception, every man, woman, and child,
who complains of want of time for the discharge of
neglected duties, can find time enough when inclina-
tion becomes the manager. In the busiest season,
will not time be found for that amusement, that re-
creation, which may be ardently desired by the one
who complains of being so much burdened? We say
to the working man or woman, apprentice, boy, or
girl, determine to improve your mind, to add to your
stock of knowledge, and you will find time enough. In
time, as in money, it is neglect of the fragments
which consumes the store. Who could not, if so
disposed, save for reading one hour per day? Not,
perhaps, in one term, but a few minutes here and
there, until the aggregate should amount to the time
supposed. If the working day be ten hours in length,
we have the following result:
One hour per day is, in a year, three hundred and
sixty-five hours-thirty-six days and a half-that is,
about five weeks in a year. Does not this surprise
you?
How much knowledge you will be possessed
of next year, if you devote five weeks to its acquisi-
tion this year! In ten years you will, at the same
rate, have devoted one year to reading. Here is
-
How often are the ignorant obliged to sit by in
stupid silence, whilst those better informed are dis-
dis-
cussing the merits of English and American authors,
of former or present days! How many there are whc
PREFACE.
1
know nothing of English history excepting what they | AUTHORS and EDITORS, whether of books or periodi-
have learned from Shakspeare, and know no more of cals, is so obvious, that no enlargement is neces-
Shakspeare than they have witnessed on the stage! sary.
How many who confound Sir Isaac Newton with his It is obvious to those at all familiar with the sub-
namesake, the excellent Bishop, and do not know the ject, that no work of this kind could have been pro-
difference between "rare Ben Jonson" and the dic-perly prepared, without an intimate acquaintance
tator at Mrs. Thrale's!
with English literature, and the advantage of an ex-
tensive private library, for constant reference and
consultation. It is, therefore, proper to remark, that
the author of THE CRITICAL DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH
LITERATURE, and BRITISH AND ÅMERICAN AUTHORS,
has long applied himself to the subject, with con-
siderable labour and zeal, and spent many years in
accumulating a large collection of rare and curious
literary treasures, in addition to the manuals gene-
rally considered as the best authorities. We give a
list of some of the works which we have kept at our
side for consultation and guidance, though not obliged
to lay all of them under contribution.
The General Dictionary, Historical and Critical
(including Bayle), of Birch, Lockman, Sale, and
others. London, 1734-41, 10 vols., fol. The Bio-
graphia Britannica. Lon., 1747-66, 7 vols., fol.;
and 1778-92, 5 vols., fol.
1
LADIES are generally better informed than the
other sex in these matters, but if the former
would abridge toilet-reviews and inordinate indulgence
in morning visits and evening parties, they would
know more, though they might gossip less. A pro-
per regard to the reputation of their own sex,
should induce them to carefully peruse a volume
which records the classic erudition of an Elizabeth
Carter, the astronomical investigations of a Mary
Somerville, the wisdom and piety of a Hannah More,
the poetical genius of a Felicia Hemans, and other
immortal trophies of female intellect, illustrated
by a host of brilliant stars in the Literary Firma-
ment.
8. All who purchase books for district and other
school-libraries, for their own families or for their
private book-case, will see the usefulness of a work
which will at once direct them to the BEST WORKS
OF THE BEST AUTHORS. Teachers and parents will
have no hesitation in accepting the critical opinions
of the wise and good, recorded in these pages. As
regards the work itself, care has been taken to
rigorously exclude everything of an objectionable
character. It may be read aloud to the family
circle without fear of its calling a blush to the check
of modesty, or inflicting a pang upon the heart of
the conscientious Christian. It is proper in this con-
nexion to remark, that whilst the literary merits of
writers of all classes are candidly acknowledged, and
no religious or irreligious peculiarities are considered
as sanctioning injustice to their advocates, yet a pro-
found deference to the principles of the Christian
religion, and a settled disapprobation of the impieties
and absurdities of infidelity, are fearlessly announced.
If this displease any, let them be displeased.
“Let
God be true, and every man a liar.”
9. Booksellers need not be told of the importance
to their own interest, of encouraging the circulation
of a work which will tend more to the enlarged sale of
books than any publication which has ever appeared.
Several of the best known and most extensive pub-
lishers and booksellers in the United States have
warmly encouraged the preparation of this volume.
Indeed, no intelligent bookseller who understands
bis own business, can dispense with it as a constant
companion. It will enable him to point out to his
customer, at once, the books of which he is in quest,
and to show him the opinions of the most distin-
guished critics and esteemed authorities as to their
merits or demerits. The application of these re-
marks, and many of the preceding considerations, to
|
The English, Scotch, and Irish Historical Libra-
ries, by Bishop Nicolson. Lon., 1776, 4to. Oldys's
Pritish Librarian. Lon., 1738, 12mo. Gerard Lang
baine's Account of the English Dramatic Poets.
Oxford. 1691, 18mo. Biographia Dramatica. Lon.,
1812, 3 vols. in 4, 8vo. Whincop's Complete List
of English Dramatic Poets. Lon., 1747, 8vo. Rit-
son's Bibliographia Poetica. 1802, R. 8vo. Wood's
Athenæ Oxoniensis, with Additions and a Continua-
tion by Dr. Bliss. Lon., 1813-20, 4 vols., 4to.
Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. Lon., 1812-16, 10
vols. in 9, Svo.; and Illustrations of the Literary
History of the Eighteenth Century. 7 vols., 1817–48,
8vo. Walpole's History of the Royal and Noble
Authors of Eng'and, Scotland, and Ireland, with a
List of their Works, enlarged and continued by
Thomas Park. Lon., 1806, 5 vols., 8vo.
Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica, or a General Index
to British and Foreign Literature. Lon., 1824, 4
vols., 4to: To this excellent work we are largely
indebted, having drawn freely from its pages for
particulars of editions, &c. Some late writers have
affected to depreciate the value of this work, because
inaccuracies have not escaped the eye of the critic.
Having examined every article pertaining to British
authors (about 22,500) in the work, we consider
ourselves qualified to give an opinion. Errors there
are, and some glaring ones, which can readily be
excused in a work of such vast compass, yet the
Bibliotheca of Dr. Watt will always deserve to be
valued as one of the most stupendous literary monu-
ments ever reared by the industry of man. As stated
elsewhere, we have included in our work every
British author noticed by Dr. Watt; yet his work
·
8
PREFACE.
Dibdin's Typographical Antiquities; or The His-
tory of Printing in Great Britain, enlarged on Ames
and Herbert. Lon., 1810-19, 4 vols., 4to. Dibdin's
Bibliographical Decameron. Lon., 1817, 3 vols., 8vo.
Dibdin's Library Companion. Lon., 1825, 8vo. Dib-
din's Bibliomania, or Book Madness. 2d edit., Lon.,
1842, R. 8vo. Dibdin's Greek and Roman Classics.
4th edit., Lon., 1827, 2 vols., imp. 8vo. Dibdin's
Reminiscences of a Literary Life. Lon., 1836, 2 vols.,
8vo. Dibdin's Director; a Literary Journal. Lon.,
1807, 2 vols., 8vo.
·
Sir Egerton Brydges's (assisted by Haslewood and
others) Censura Literaria, containing Titles, Ab-
stracts, and Opinions of Old English Books, &c. 2d
edit., Lon., 1815, 2 vols., 8vo.; The British Biblio-
grapher, Lon., 1810-14, 4 vols., 8vo. ; Restituta; or
Titles, Extracts, and Characters of Old English Lite-
rature, revived, Lon., 1814-16, 4 vols., 8vo.; Brydges's
edition of Phillips's Theatrum Poetarum Anglicano-
rum. Rev. Thomas Hartwell Horne's Introduction
to the Study of Bibliography. Lon., 1814, 2 vols.,
8vo. Manual of Biblical Bibliography. Lon., 1839,
8vo. Bibliotheca Anglo-Poetica. Lon., 1815, R. 8vo.
Schlosser's History of the 18th Century and part of
the 19th, trans. by D. Davidson. Lon., 1844-52, 8
vols., 8vo. |
Dr. Drake's Shakspeare and his Times.
Lon., 1817, 2 vols., 4to.; Memorials of Shakspeare,
and other works of this elegant and useful writer.
Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual. Lon., 1834, 4
vols., 8vo. Lowndes's British Librarian, or Book
Collector's Guide, 1839, &c., 8vo. Mackenzie's
Lives and Characters of the most eminent Writers
of the Scots Nation. Edin., 1708-22, 3 vols., fol.
Stark's Biographia Scotica. Edin., 1805, 32mo.
Biographia Scoticana. Leith, 1816, 8vo. Aikin's
and Johnston's General Biography. Lon., 1799-1815,
10 vols., 4to. The New Biographical Dictionary. land, by Nuttall. Lon., 1840, 3 vols., 8vo. Poole's
Lon., 1798, 15 vols., 8vo. Chalmers's Biographical | Index to Periodical Literature. N. York, 1853, R.
Dictionary. Lon., 1812-17, 32 vols., 8vo. New 8vo. Cunningham's Biographical History of Eng-
(Rose's) Biographical Dictionary. Lon., 1848, 12 land. Lon. and Edin., 1852, 8 vols., 8vo. Warton's
vols., 8vo. Gorton's Biographical Dictionary. Lon., History of English Poetry. Lon., 1840, 3 vols., 8vo.
1851, 4 vols. (with supplement) 8vo.
The Georgian Era. Lon., 1832-34, 4 vols., 12mo
Ellis's Specimens of the Early English Poets. 1845,
3 vols., 12mo. The Living Authors of England. 12mo.
A Manual of British Historians to A. D. 1600.
Aikin's, &c., British Poets. Phila., 1842-5, 3 vols.,
8vo. Professor Wm. Smyth's Lectures on Modern
History, edited by Jared Sparks. Boston, 1851, 8vo.
Middleton's Biographia Evangelica. Lon., 1816, 4
vols., 8vo. The Life and Correspondence of Robert
Southey. N. York, 1851, 8vo. Ryan's Poetry and
3 vols., 8vo.
Poets. Lon., 1826, 3 vols. 12mo. Moir's Poetical
D'Israeli's Miscellanies of Literature. Lon., 1840, | Literature of the Past Half-Century. Edin., 1851,
R. 8vo. Curiosities of Literature. Lon., 1840, R. | 12mo. Macaulay's History of England. Phila., 1851,
8vo. Arvine's Cyclopædia of Moral and Religious 2 vols., 12mo. Bell's Lives of the English Poets.
Anecdotes, Boston, 8vo.; Anecdotes of Literature Lon., 1839, 2 vols., 12mo. J. Collier's Poetical De
can by no means be dispensed with by the biblio- | and the Fine Arts. Boston, 1352, imp. 8vo. Dr.
grapher. We continue our enumeration of authori-Jamieson's Cyclopædia of Religious Biography. Lon.,
ties.
1853, 12mo. Keddie's Cyclopædia of Literary and
| Scientific Anecdote. Lon., 1854, 12mo. Thackeray's
English Humourists of the 18th Century. N. York,
1853, 12mo. Neele's Lectures on English Poetry.
Lon., 12mo. Rev. A. Hume's Learned Societies and
Printing Clubs. Lon., 1853, 12mo. Thomas Camp
bell's Essay on English Poetry, with Notices of the
British Poets. Lon., 1848, 12mo. Madden's In-
firmities of Genius. Lon. 1833, 2 vols., 12mo.
Brougham's Lives of Men of Letters and Science
temp. George III. Phila., 1845, 12mo. Dr. John-
son's Lives of the English Poets. Lon., 1850, 18mo.
Boswell's Life of Johnson, edited by Croker. Lon.,
1848, R. 8vo. Lockhart's Life of Scott. Edin.,
1844, R. 8vo. Moore's Life of Lord Byron. N. York,
2 vols., R. 8vo. Prior's Life of Burke. Boston,
1854, 2 vols., 12mo. The Works and Correspondence
of Burke. Lon., 1852,
Lon., 1852, 8 vols., 8vo. Forster's Life
and Adventures of Oliver Goldsmith. Lon., 1848,
12mo. The London Anecdotes. Lon., 32mo. Berk-
enhout's Biographia Literaria. Lon., 1777. 4to.
Bickersteth's Christian Student. Lon., 1844, 12mo.
Men of the Time. N. York, 1852, 12mo., and Lon.,
1853, 12mo. Williams's Christian Preacher. Lon.,
1843, 12mo. Stevenson's Discovery, Navigation, and
Commerce. Edin., 1824, 8vo. Marvin's Legal Bib-
liography. Phila., 1847, R. 8vo. Allen's American
Biographical and Historical Dictionary. Boston,
1832, 8vo. Encyclopedia Americana, 14 vols. R.
W. Griswold's Prose Writers of America, 4th edit.,
Phila., 1852, R. 8vo.; Poets and Poetry of America,
Phila., 1852, R. 8vo.; Female Poets of America, 2d
edit., Phila. 1853, R. 8vo. Rev. Dr. Blake's Bio-
graphical Dictionary. Boston, 8th edit., 1853, R.
8vo. Cleveland's Compendium of English Literature.
Phila., 1852, 12mo.; English Literature of the 19th
Century. 1853, 12mo. Fuller's Worthies of Eng-
Biographie Universelle. Biographie Universelle,
Ancienne et Moderne. Manuel du Libraire et de
l'Amateur de Livres; par Jacques-Charles Brunet,
Quatrième édition. Paris, 1842-4, 5 vols., imp. 8vo.
Bibliothèque Universelle des Voyages; par G. Boucher
De La Richarderie. Paris, 1808, 6 vols., 8vo. Bib-
liographie Biographique, par Edouard-Marie Oct-
tinger. Leipsic, 1850, imp. 8vo. Bibliotheca Ame-
ricana Nova, &c., by O. Rich. Lon., 1832-35, 46,
PREFACE.
9
cameron. Lon., 1820, 2 vols. 12mo. Hallam's Lite- | Lon., 1821, 4 vols., 18mo. Sir John Harrington's
rary History of Europe. 3d edit., Lon., 1847, 3 vols. Nugæ Antiquæ, edited by Thomas Park. Lon., 1804,
8vo. Andrews's History of Great Britain and Europe. 2 vols., 8vo. The British Plutarch. Lon., 1791, 8
Lon., 1794, 4to. Henry's and Andrews's do. Lon., vols., 12mo. Taylor's Modern British Plutarch. N.
14 vols., 8vo. Christian Civilization. Lon., 1850, | York, 1846, 12mo. Hazlitt's Miscellanies. Phila.,
12mo. Ellis's Letters of Eminent Literary Men. 1848, 5 vols., 12mo. Weber's Metrical Romances.
Lon., 1843, 8vo. Headley's Beauties of Ancient Lon., 1810, 3 vols., 8vo. Tuckerman's Character-
English Poetry. 1810, 12mo. Ballard's Memoirs istics of Literature. Phila., 1849-51, 2 vols., 12mo.
of British Ladies. Lon., 1775, 8vo.
Lon., 1775, 8vo. Timpson's Oxford Prize Poems.
Timpson's Oxford Prize Poems. Oxford, 1806, 12mo. Hip-
British Female Biography. Lon., 1846, 12mo. Mrs. pesley's Early English Literature. Lon., 1837, 12mo.
Sarah Josepha Hale's Woman's Record. N. York, Collier's English Dramatic Poetry. Lon., 1831, 2
1853, R. 8vo. The Works, Life and Letters of Charles vols. 12mo. Ryan's Biographica Hibernica. Lon.,
Lamb, by Talfourd. N. York, 1852, 2 vols., 12mo. 1826, 2 vols. 8vo.
1826, 2 vols. 8vo. Gilfillan's Modern Literature.
The Metrical Miscellany. Lon., 1802, 8vo. Aikin's N. York, 1850, 12mo. Lives of Scottish Poets. Lon.,
Letters on English Poetry. Lon., 1804, 18mo. The 1821, 3 vols., 18mo. Sacred Poetry of the 17th
Muse's Mirrour. Lon., 1778, 2 vols., 12mo. Jacob's Century. Lon., 1836, 2 vols.,
|
18mo. Memoirs of
Account of English Poets. 1720, 2 vols., 12mo. Bio- Physicians. Lon., 1818, 8vo. England's Worthies,
graphiana. Lon., 1799, 2 vols., 8vo. Warburton's by John Vickars. Lon., 1845, 12mo. De Quincey's
Letters to Hurd. N. York, 1809, 8vo. Biographical Works. Boston, 1851, 7 vols., 12mo. Pegge's Anony-
Dictionary. Lon., 1809, 32mo. A Universal Biogra- miana. Lon., 1809, 12mo. Dodsley's Collection of
phical Dictionary. Hartford, 1847, 12mo. McClure's Poems. Lon., 1770, 6 vols., 12mo. Eminent Lite-
Translators Revived. 1853, 12mo. Maunder's Bio-rary and Scientific Men of Great Britain. Lon..
graphical Treasury. Lon., 1847, 12mo. Hand Book 1836, 5 vols., 18mo. Beloe's Sexagenarian, or Re-
of Universal Biography, by Parke Godwin. N. York, collections of a Literary Life. Lon., 1817, 2 vols.,
1852, 12mo. Bellchambers's Biographical Diction- 8vo. Fifty Years' Recollections of an Old Bookseller.
ary. Lon., 1835, 4 vols., 32mo. Rich's Cyclopædia of Lon., 1837, 8vo. Aikin's Lives of Selden and Usher.
Biography. Lon. and Glasg., 1854, 8vo. Bingley's Lon., 1832, 8vo. Necrology. Lon., 1805, 8vo.
Biographical Conversations. Lon., 1821, 12mo. Rit- Lectures on English Poets, by Percival Stockdale.
son's Ancient Popular Poetry. Lon., 1833, 12mo. Lon., 1807, 2 vols., 8vo. Lives of Eminent Persons.
Anecdote Library. Lon., 1822, sm. 4to. Anecdotes Lon., 1833, 8vo. Graduates of Oxford, 1659-1726.
of Books and Authors. Lon., 1836, 18mo. Seward's Oxf., 1727, 8vo. Evans's Essays on Song Writing.
Anecdotes of Distinguished Persons. Lon., 1804, Lon., 1810, 12mo. Introduction to Literary History
8vo. Anecdotes of Polite Literature. Lon., 1764, of 14th and 15th Centuries. Lon., 1798, 8vo. Alve's
5 vols., 18mo. Letters of Anna Seward. Lon., 1811, Sketches of a History of Literature. Edin., 1794,
6 vols., 18mo. Biographical Magazine. Lon., 1791, 8vo. Cooper's Muse's Library. Lon, 1741, 12mo.
8vo. Granger's Biographical History of England, Gems of Epistolary Correspondence, by Willmott.
with Noble's Continuation. Lon., 1806-24, 9 vols., Lon., 1846, 8vo. Memoirs of Dr. Parr, by R. W.
8vo. Letters between Granger and some Literary Field. Lon., 1828, 2 vols., 8vo. Aikin's Life of Ad-
Men. Lon., 1815, 8vo. Percy Anecdotes. N. York, dison. Lon., 1843, 2 vols., 12mo. Wild's Memoirs
1839, 8vo. Dr. King's Political and Literary Anec- of Dean Swift. Dubl., 1849, 8vo.
Sir Egerton
dotes. Boston, 1819, 12mo. Davis's Olio of Lite- Brydges's Autobiography. Lon., 1834, 2 vols., 8vo.
rary and Bibliographical Anecdotes. Lon., 1814, Poynder's Literary Extracts. Lon., 3 vols., 8vo.
12mc. Anecdotes of Hogarth, by Nichols. Lon., Records of Literature, by C. Taylor. Lon., 1808, 2
1785, 12mo. Reminiscences of Henry Angelo. Lon., vols., 8vo. Critical Observations on Books. Lon.,
1830, 2 vols., 8vo. Barker's Literary Anecdotes. | 1783, 2 vols., 8vo. English Puritan Divines. Lon.,
fon., 1852, 2 vols., 8vo. Professional Anecdotes, or 18mo. Southey's Lives of Uneducated Poets. Lon.,
Ana of Medical Literature. Lon., 1825, 3 vols.. 12mo. 1836, 12mo. Imitations of Celebrated Authors
Watkins's Characteristic Anecdotes. Lon., 1808, 8vo. Lon., 1844, 12mo. Byrn's Book of 1000 Anecdotes.
Oxberry's Dramatic Biography. Lon., 1825-27, 6 Boston, 1853, 12mo. Newbery's Art of Poetry.
vols., 18mo. Dutensiana. Lon., 1806, 5 vols., 18mo. Lon., 1762, 18mo. The Lounger's Commonplace
Anecdotes of the Life of Bishop Watson, 1818, 2 vols., Book. Lon., 1805-7, 4 vols., 8vo. Smyth's Bio-
8vo. Almon's Biographical, Political, and Literary graphical Illustrations of Westminster Abbey. Lon.,
Anecdotes. 1797, 3 vols., 8vo. Blagdon's Flowers 1843, 8vo. Memoirs of Lady Hester Stanhope. Lon.,
of Literature. Lon., 1805-8, 4 vols., 12mo. Life 1846, 3 vols., 12mo. Southey's Specimens of the
of Sir Samuel Romilly. Lon., 1842, 2 vols., 12mo. Later English Poets. Lon., 1807, 3 vols., 12mo.
Craik's Literature and Learning in England. Lon., Burnett's Specimens of English Prose Writers. Lon.,
1844–5, 6 vols., 18mo; Pursuit of Knowledge under 1813, 3 vols., 12mo. Kettel's Specimens of American
Difficulties, Lon., 1845-7, 4 vols., 18mo. Oxberry's Poetry. Boston, 1829, 3 vols., 12mo. Lemprière's
Flowers of Literature, or Encyclopædia of Anecdotes. Universal Biographical Encyclopædia, by Lord. N.
·
10
PREFACE.
Y., 1825, 2 vols., 8vo. Testamenta Vetusta, by Dr. Belcher. Phila., 1848, 12mo. J. Pje Smith's
Nicolas. Lon., 1826, 2 vols., 8vo. Mills's Literature, First Lines of Christian Theology, edited by Wm.
&c., of Great Britain, etc. N. Y., 1851, 2 vols., 8vo. Farrar. Lon., 1854, 8vo. Lodge's Portraits and
Readings in Poetry. Lon., 1853, 18mo. Readings Memoirs of Illustrious Personages of Great Britain,
in English Prose Literature. Lon., 1849, 18mo. Lon., 1840, 10 vols., imp. 8vo. Eccleston's Eng-
Readings in Biography. Lon., 1852, 18mo. Wat-lish Antiquities.
Wat-lish Antiquities. Lon., 1847, 8vo. Chambers's
kins's Biographical Dictionary. Lon., 1807, 8vo. Cyclopædia of English Literature. Edin., 1844, 2
Life and Letters of Thomas Campbell, by Dr. Beattie. vols., imp. 8vo. Shaw's Outlines of English Litera-
N. Y., 1850, 2 vols., 12mo. Goodrich's Popular ture. Phila., 1852, 12mo. Spalding's History of
Biography. N. Y., 1852, 12mo. Autobiography of English Literature, N. Y., 1853, 12mo. Pycroft's
Leigh Hunt. N. Y., 1850, 2 vols., 12mo. Men, Course of English Reading. Lon., 1850, 12mo.
Women, and Books, by Leigh Hunt. N. Y., 1847, 2 Bibliothèque Américaine, par H. Ternaux. Paris,
vols., 12mo. Cambridge Prize Poems. Camb., 1808, 1837, 8vo. Ludewig's Literature of American Local
2 vols., 12mo. |
Mitford's Recollections of a Literary History. N. Y., 1846, 8vo. Goodhugh's Library
Life. N. Y., 1850, 12mo. Howitt's Homes and Companion. Lon., 1827, 8vo. Literary and Mis-
Haunts of the British Poets. N. Y., 1851, 2 vols., cellaneous Memoirs, by J. Cradock. Lon., 1828, 4
12mo. The Literati, by Edgar A. Poe. N. Y., 1850, vols., 8vo. Literary Recollections, by Rev. Richard
12mo.
Warner. Lon., 1830, 2 vols., 8vo. Effigies Poeticæ.
Lon., 1824, 8vo. Chalmers's Poetic Remains of some
of the Scottish Kings. Lon., 1824, 12mo. Upcott's
Biographical Dictionary of Living Authors. Lon.,
1816, 8vo. Dr. Williams's American Medical Bio-
graphy. Greenfield, 1845, 8vo. Diary and Letters
of Madame D'Arblay. Lon., 1842-6, 7 vols., 12mo
Willis's Pencillings by the Way. N. Y., 1852, 12mo
Rowton's Female Poets of Great Britain. Lon.,
1848, 12mo. The Poetry and Poets of Great Britain.
Edin., 1850, 12mo. Modern British Essayists.
Phila., 1848, etc., 8 vols., 8vo. Physiognomical
Portraits. Lon., 1823. 2 vols., imp. 8vo. The Mir-
ror for Magistrates. Lon., 1815, 3 vols., 4to. War-
ren's Introduction to Law Studies. Lon., 1845,
12mo.
12mo. Dr. Goodrich's British Eloquence. N. Y.,
1852, 8vo. Diary and Correspondence of Saml. Pepys,
4th edit., 1854, 4 vols., R. 8vo, Diary and Corres-
pondence of John Evelyn. 1850, 4 vols., 8vo. Diary
and Correspondence of Ralph Thoresby. Lon., 1830,
4 vols. 8vo. Miss Strickland's Lives of the Queens
of England. Lon., 1853, 8 vols., R. 8vo. Gibbon's
Miscellaneous Works, by Lord Sheffield. Lon., 1837,
8vo. Chronicles of the Crusades. Lon., 1848, 12mo.
Ellis's Metrical Romances, edited by Halliwell, 1848,
12mo. Schlegel's Lectures on Dramatic Art and
Literature. Lon., 1846, 8vo. Southey's Doctor.
Lon., 1849, 8vo.; do. Common Place Book. Park's
Pantology. Phila., 1841, 8vo. Life and Corres-
pondence of Lord Jeffreys. Phila., 1852, 2 vol.,
8vo. Collier's Roxburghe Ballads. Lon., 1847,
12mo. Hone's Works. Lon., 4 vols., 8vo. Whip-
ple's Essays and Reviews. Boston, 1851, 2 vols.
12mo. Whipple's Lectures. 1850, 12mo. Giles's
Lectures and Essays. Boston, 1850, 3 vols., 12mo.
The Poetical Register. Lon., 1805, etc., 8 vols.,
12mo. Timperley's Encyclopædia of Literature and
Typographical Anecdote. Lon., 1839, 8vo. Savage's
Librarian. Lon., 1808, 3 vols., 8vo. Johnson's
Typographia Lon., 1824, 2 vols., 8vo. Beloe's
Anecdotes of Literature and Scarce Books Lon.,
1814, 6 vols., 8vo. Moss's Classical Bibliography
J. P. Collier's Shakespeare's Library. Lon., 1850,
2 vols., 8vo. Shakesperiana, by Wilson. Lon.,
1827, 12mo. Shakesperiana, by Halliwell. Lon.,
1841, 8vo.
Shakspeare's Himself Again, by A.
Becket. Lon., 1812, 2 vols., 8vo. The Confessions
of W. H. Ireland. Lon., 1805, 12mo. Remarks on
Collier's and Knight's editions of Shakespeare, by
Rev. Alex. Dyce. Lon., 1844, 8vo. Douce's Illus-
trations of Shakespeare. Lon., 1839, 8vo. Mrs.
Montague's Essay on Shakespear. Lon., 1770, 18mo.
Shakspere and His Times. By Geo. Tweddell. Lon.,
1852, 18mo. Galerie des Femmes de Shakespeare.
Paris, 2 vols., R. 8vo. Shakspeare's Genius Justified,
by Z. Jackson. Lon., 1819, 8vo. Miscellaneous
Papers, etc., of Shakspeare, by Saml. Ireland. Lon.,
1796, 8vo. J. P. Collier's Notes and Emendations
to the Text of Shakespeare's Plays. N. Y. 1853,
12mo. Shakspeare and His Times, by M. Guizot.
N. Y., 1852, 12mo. Knight's Biography of Shake-
speare; Studies of Shakespeare. Lon., 1851, 2 vols.
8vo. An Essay on the Learning of Shakespeare, by
Dr. R. Farmer. Lon., 1821, 12mo. Becket's Dra-
matic Miscellanies, edited by Dr. Beattie. Lon.,
1838, 2 vols. 8vo. Malone's Inquiry into the Authen-
ticity of the Ireland Shakespeare MS. Lon., 1796,
8vo. Halliwell's Life of Shakespeare. Lon., 1848,
8vo. Hunter's New Illustrations of Shakespeare.
Lon., 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. Hudson's Lectures on
Shakespeare. N. Y., 1848, 2 vols., 12mo. Chal-
mers's Supplemental Apology relative to the Ireland
Shakespeare MS. Fairhold's Home of Shakspere.
Lon., 1847, 18mo. Essays on Shakespeare's Fal-
staff, etc. Lon., 1789, 18mo. Traditionary Anec-
dotes of Shakespeare. Lon., 1838, 12mo. Collier's
Reasons for a New Edition of Shakespeare's Works.
Lon., 1842, 8vo. Ireland's Vindication relative to
the Supposed Shakespeare MSS.
Biographia Britannica Literaria. Anglo-Saxon
Period, by Thos. Wright, M. A. Anglo-Norman Pe-
riod, by Thos. Wright, M. A. Lon., 1842-46, 2 vols.,
8vo. (See Introduc.) The Clergy of America, by
1
**
:
PREFACE. “
11
without mutual concessions, and compromises, of
which the public must bear the cost. That this is
no picture of the imagination, the literary reader will
bear us witness. In this work, the author has declined
many proffers of assistance, in order that he might
pursue his own plans without interruption, and feel,
as he added stone after stone to the edifice, that the
literary monument, when erected, would be the work
of his own hands.
If
on, 1837, 2 vols., 8vo. The Book Rarities of the
University of Cambridge. Lon., 1829, 8vo. Fry's
Bibliographical Memoranda. Bristol, 1816, sin. 4to.
Alphabetical Register of Authors, by Reuss. Berlin,
1791. Buckingham's Reminiscences. Boston, 1852,
2 vols., 12mo. Munsell's Typographical Miscellany.
Albany, 1850, 8vo. Soanes's New Curiosities of
Literature. Lon., 1849, 2 vols., 12mo. Encyclo-
pædia Britannica. 7th edit., 24 vols., Lon., 1842,
etc., 4to.
Matthias's Pursuits of Literature. Lon., Whilst thus claiming all responsibility which at-
1812, R. 4to. Spence's Anecdotes. 1820, imp. fol. taches to the preparation of this volume, we have
Blair's Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, 4to. pleasure in expressing our obligations to the nume-
Collier's Great Historical and Poetical Dictionary. | rous correspondents in Great Britain and America
Lon., 1701, etc., 3 vols., fol. Harleian Miscellany. who have furnished us information respecting their
Lou., 1744-6, 8 vols., 4to. Platt's Universal Bio- own literary biography or that of other writers.
graphy. Lon., 1826, 5 vols., 8vo. Gentleman's Maga- we have not always profited by the well-meant sug-
zine, 1731-1854, about 220 vols. Universal Maga-gestions of our advisers, it must be remembered in
zine, 1747-1803, 112 vols. London Monthly Review, our defence that he alone who, from the advantages
1749-1842, about 225 vols. Edinburgh Review, of his position, can take in at one survey the mate-
1802-1854, 104 vols. London Retrospective Review, rials of which he is to compose his edifice, can intelli-
1820-8, 16 vols. London Quarterly Review, 1809-1854, gently judge as to the best disposition of the parts
96 vols. Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, 1817-1854. and the most suitable style of architecture.
Littell's Living Age. Also the London Literary Ga- With regard to those matters in which the author
zette; London Athenæum; North British Review; has been-obliged to adjudicate-the opposing ver-
Westminster Review; Edinburgh Annual Register; sions connected with biographical and literary details
London Christian Observer; London Monthly Reposi--he claims no infallibility, and must expect to en-
tory; British Magazine; London Notes and Queries; counter occasional dissent. Yet. a timely caution
and a large collection of bibliography, including against hasty and superficial criticism, may save
catalogues of many of the most celebrated English mortification to that class of commentators who so
libraries, from Dr. Mede's to Dawson Turner's. often excite commiseration by mistaking crude specu-
lations, and the rash confidence of unconscious igno-
rance, for the results of learned investigation, and
the modest assurance of intelligent deliberation.
When such critics feel disposed to charge us with
error, from our want of coincidence with their pre-
conceived opinions, it will be only modest to ask
themselves, if it be quite certain that they are right,
and ourselves in the wrong? Unless the disputed
question be one within their own personal knowledge
-which it, of course, seldom can be-their charge
of error at our door, can only mean that they prefer
some opposing version to that which they criticise;
but may not their authority have been the subject
of our consideration, also?-have been carefully
scrutinized, and deliberately rejected?
We may
not, indeed, explicitly refer to the dictum to which
our critic so deferentially bows, for it is impossible
in our limited space to give aught but the conclu-
sions of our researches,—but this omission affords
no proof of our ignorance of such opposing authori-
ties. Whatever may be the faults and imperfections
of our work, we prefer to fall into the hands of the
learned, who can appreciate both merits and defects,
rather than trust to the tender mercies of the lite-
rary charlatan, whose commendation and censure are
alike worthless.
The reader will observe that only those works have
been named which profess to record biographical or
bibliographical information. It is hardly necessary
to say,
that in a city like Philadelphia, the author
has not been restricted to his own library, for the
purpose of literary research; although the above list,
perhaps, evinces some zeal in the collection of appro-
priate works. It is, however, proper to state that
the Critical Dictionary now submitted to the public,
IS BY NO MEANS A MERE SERVILE COMPILATION FROM
EXISTING AUTHORITIES. Great pains and much time
have been devoted to the sifting of statements, the
comparison of opposing records, and the authentica-
tion of dates.
The many errors to be found in compilations of
this character, are partly attributable to the fact, that,
in most instances, a number of authors, often without
unity of counsel, have combined their labours in the
production of one work. Yet the advantages of such
combination in a compendium of general biography,
are too great to be sacrificed to the hope of perhaps
unattainable perfection. But it is believed that a
work of the character now presented to the public,
restricted to one class-authors-and British and
American authors only, can be better prepared by
one author than by many. In such unions, each co-
labourer brings to the common stock, preconceived It is not the erudite bibliographer, for instance,
partialities and antipathies, and a scientific or lite- who will object to the introduction into a work of
rary esprit du corps, which can hardly be reconciled | this kind, of the many brief articles of a few lines-
敷
​12
PREFACE.
in some cases only one line-which will be found | beyond the ambition even of a literary Lucullus, yet
scattered up and down on our pages. Those who
estimate the usefulness of an article by its length,
would banish those short records from our volume;
but the intelligent critic will reply, with Dr. Johnson,
that all knowledge tends to profit, and that "it is of
use to a man only to know that there is such a place
as Kamschatka.”
the author hopes that each guest will here find some
refreshment which will reward him for his delay,
and perhaps strengthen him anew for the journey of
human life.
In conclusion, we would once more labour to im-
press upon our readers the duty of the zealous pur-
suit of those paths of learning and science which
lead to usefulness, happiness, and honour. Be not
dismayed by the apparently unattractive character
of much of the scenery through which you must pass.
Persevere; and distaste will soon yield to pleasure,
and repugnance give place to enjoyment. An ever
present and influential sense of the importance of
the goal, will do wonders in overcoming the diffi-
culties of the way. To those Israelites whose hearts
fainted for a sight of their beloved Temple, the sands
of the desert, and the perils of the road, presented
no obstacles which their energy and their faith could
not surmount. The arid “Valley of Baca" to them
became a well-for, in the beautiful language of the
Psalmist, “The rain also filleth the pools."
The result of an important lawsuit, the adjustment
of a disputed boundary, the settlement of a weighty
literary controversy, may often depend upon the
knowledge of the title, or date, of a book to be found
in the conclusion of a "paltry line," ridiculed by the
paltry line," ridiculed by the
ignorant for its brevity. And as regards the com-
parative value of information, each reader can judge
for himself, but no one can prescribe for his fellow.
The few lines devoted to the consideration of an anti-
quarian tract, which you grudge from the poetical
article which precedes them, will be valued by some
neighbouring "Oldbuck" above all the poetry since
the days of Homer. Whilst to spread a repast which
shall satisfy the appetite of all, is a consummation
TO THE READER.
Ir will be observed that the limit of the Literary | printed,) but the bibliographer-the only one likely
History contained in this work is stated to be "The to be curious in such matters-will know where to
Middle of the Nineteenth Century." Our pages, how-look for the details which our limits forbid us to
ever, bear constant evidence of researches carried introduce.
down to the day of publication; and in many cases
we have felt at liberty to announce literary enter-
prises which may not see the light until long after
our own labours have been submitted to the public.
1. As regards the places of publication of the works
enumerated in this Dictionary, it will be understood
that the place affixed to the first book noticed in an
article applies also to all the books which occur
before the mention of another place in the same
article. There are some exceptions to this rule, (it
is not known, for instance, where some books were
2. It will be understood that the fact of the publi
cation of Sermons properly suggests (in this Dic
tionary) the prefix Rev. to the name of the author,
save in the few cases where such productions are
from the pens of laymen,-which fact is always
stated in the article.
3. At the end of the Dictionary the reader will
find forty copious Indexes of subjects, by the means
of which he can at once refer to all the authors who
have written upon any given department of letters
PHILADELPHIA, September, 1854.
Introduction to Early English Literary History,
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES OF PROMINENT AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS,
WITH
•
FROM A.D. 500 TO A. D. 1850,
AND
Some Directions for a Course of English Reading.
READING is that art by which I am enabled to avail them, secundas mensas et bellaria, the second course and
myself of the recorded wisdom of mankind.
junkets, because they were usually read at noblemen's
feasts. Who is not earnestly affected with a passionate
speech, well penned, an elegant poem, or some pleasant
bewitching discourse, like that of Heliodorus, ubi oblectatio
quædam placide fuit, cum hilaritate conjuncta? Julian,
the sophister, that, as he confesseth, he could not be quiet
the Apostate, was so taken with an oration of Libanius,
till he had read it all out. Legi orationem tuum magna
ex parte, hesterna die ante prandium, pransus vero sine ulla
intermissione totam absolvi. O argumenta! O composi-
tionem! [I read a considerable part of your speech before
dinner, but after I had dined I finished it completely. Oh
what arguments, what eloquence!]. . . . To most kind
of men it is an extraordinary delight to study. For
what a world of books offers itself, in all subjects, arts and
sciences, to the sweet consent and capacity of the reader!
.... credi mihi (saith one) extingui dulce erit Mathe-
maticarum artium studio, I could even live and die with
such meditations, and take more delight, true content of
how rich soever thou art. . . . . The like pleasure there
mind in them, than thou hast in all thy wealth and sport,
is in all other studies, to such as are truly addicted to
them; ea suavitas (one holds) ut cum quis ea degustave-
rit, quasi poculis Circeis captus, non possit unquam ab illis
divelli; the like sweetness, which as Circe's cup bewitcheth
a student, he cannot leave off, as well may witness those
many laborious hours, days and nights, spent in the vo
luminous treatises written by them; the same content.
Whoever he is therefore, that is overrun with
solitariness, or carried away with pleasing melancholy and
vain conceits, and for want of employment knows not how
to spend his time, or crucified with worldly care, I can pre-
scribe him no better remedy than this of study, to compose
himself to the learning of some art or science.
So sweet is the delight of study, the more learning they
have, the more they covet to learn, and the last day is
prioris discipulus.”
•
As the results of Deliberation, the achievements
of Enterprise, the conclusions of Judgment, and the
excursions of Fancy, have, to a large extent, been
recorded by the pen and diffused by the Press, each
individual may profit by the labour of others, and,
without diminishing the common stock, be enriched
from the Public Treasury of Intellectual Wealth.
We have already enlarged upon the duty of mental
acquisition, and to this effect shown the necessity of
careful selection, that we may not waste valuable
time, which should be devoted to mental and moral
improvement, in the perusal of that which is unpro-
fitable, perhaps positively injurious, in its tendency.
(See PREFACE.) So anxious are we to make a durable
impression upon the mind of the reader, that we shall
reënforce the arguments we have already urged to
induce him to become a diligent student, by the cita-
tion of some weighty opinions as to the value of good
books, and the inestimable rewards attendant upon
literary research and intellectual cultivation.
That eccentric philosopher, ROBERT BURTON, after
a review of the various devices which are used to ex-
orcise the "foul fiend," Melancholy, thus continues:
"But amongst those exercises, or recreations of the mind
within doors, there is none so general, so aptly to be ap-
plied to all sorts of men, so fit and proper to expel idleness
and melancholy, as that of STUDY: Studia senectutem ob-
lectant, ad olescentiam alunt, secundas res ornant, adversis
perfugium et solatium præbant, domi delectant, &c. [Study
is the delight of old age, the support of youth, the orna-
ment of prosperity, the solace and refuge of adversity, the
comfort of domestic life, &c.]; find the rest in Tully pro
Archia Poeta.
Who is he that is now wholly
overcome with idleness, or otherwise involved in a laby-
rinth of worldly care, troubles, and discontents, that will
not be much lightened in his mind by reading of some en-
ticing story, true or feigned, where, as in a glass, he shall
observe what our forefathers have done; the beginnings,
ruins, falls, periods of commonwealths, private men's ac-
tions, displayed to the life, &c.? Plutarch therefore calls
"If I were not a King, I would be a University man;
and if it were so that I must be a prisoner, if I might have
my wish, I would desire to have no other prison than that
library, and to be chained together with so many good
authors, et mortuis magister.”—Speech of JAMES I.: Visit
to the Bodleian Library, 1605.
13
14
INTRODUCTION.
"I no sooner come into the library, but I bolt the door
to me, excluding lust, ambition, avarice, and melancholy
herself, and in the very lap of eternity, amongst so many
divine souls, I take my seat with so lofty a spirit and sweet
content, that I pity all our great ones, and rich men that
know not this happiness."-HEINSIUS, Keeper of the Li-
brary at Leyden: Epist. Primiero. Vide BURTON's Anato-
my of Melancholy.
spective; the home Traveller's Ship, or Horse, the busic
man's best Recreation, the Opiate of Idle weariness; the
mind's best Ordinary; Nature's Garden and Seed-plot of
Immortality. Time spent (needlessly) from them, is con-
sumed, but with them, twice gain'd. Time captivated and
snatched from thee, by Incursions of business, Thefts of
Visitants, or by thy own Carelessnesse lost, is by these, re-
deemed in life; they are the soul's Viaticum; and against
The reader will find in D'ISRAELI's Curiosities of death its Cordiall. In a true verdict, no such Treasure as
a Library."
Literature an imitation of RANTZAU's classical address
to his books-Salvete aureoli mei libelli, &c.:
"Golden volumes! richest treasures!
Objects of delicious pleasures!
You my eyes rejoicing please,
You my hands in rapture seize!
Brilliant wits, and musing sages,
Lights who beam'd through many ages;
Left to your conscious leaves their story,
And dared to trust you with their glory;
And now their hope of fame achieved,
Dear volumes! you have not deceived!"
The friends of the recluse of Vaucluse apologized
to him for the length of time between their visits:
"It is impossible for us to follow your example: the life
you lead is contrary to human nature. In winter, you sit
like an owl, in the chimney corner. In summer, you are
running incessantly about the fields."
PETRARCH Smiled at these observations:
Is not this an exquisite picture of the mine of
boundless wealth, of the unfailing luxurious repast,
which that man possesses who has a taste for Read-
ing and Study?
Good old Bishop HALL is eloquent on the same
theme:
"These people," said he, "consider the pleasures of the
world as the supreme good, and cannot bear the idea of
renouncing them. I have FRIENDS, whose society is ex-
tremely agreeable to me: they are of all ages, and of every
country. They have distinguished themselves both in the
cabinet and in the field, and obtained high honours for
their knowledge of the sciences. It is easy to gain access
to them; for they are always at my service, and I admit
them to my company, and dismiss them from it, whenever
I please. They are never troublesome, but immediately
answer every question I ask them. Some relate to me the
events of past ages, while others reveal to me the secrets
of nature. Some teach me how to live, and others how to
die. Some, by their vivacity, drive away my cares and ex-
hilarate my spirits, while others give fortitude to my mind,
"For Friends, although your Lordship be scant, yet 1
hope you are not altogether destitute; if you be, do but
and teach me the important lesson how to restrain my de-
sires, and to depend wholly on myself. They open to me,
in short, the various avenues of all the arts and sciences,
and upon their information I safely rely, in all emergencies.
In return for all these services, they only ask me to accom-look upon good Books: they are true Friends, that will
modate them with a convenient chamber in some corner
of my humble habitation, where they may repose in peace:
for these friends are more delighted by the tranquillity of
retirement, than with the tumults of society."
neither flatter nor dissemble: be you but true to yourself,
applying that which they teach unto the party grieved, and
you shall need no other comfort nor counsel. To them,
and to God's Holy Spirit directing you in the reading of
them, I commend your Lordship."
"Bookes lookt on as to their Readers or Authours, do at
the very first mention, challenge Preheminence above the
Worlds admired fine things. Books are the Glasse of
Counsell to dress ourselves by. They are lifes best busi-
ness: Vocation to these hath more Emolument coming in,
than all the other busie Termes of life. They are Feelesse
Counsellours, no delaying Patrons, of easie Accesse, and
kind Expedition, never sending away empty any Client or
Petitioner. They are for Company, the best Friends; in
doubts, Counsellours; in Damp, Comforters; Time's Per-
MEDITATION ON THE SIGHT OF A LARGE LIBRARY.
"What a world of thought is here packed up together.
I know not whether this sight doth more dismay, or com
fort me. It dismays me to think that here is so much that
I cannot know; it comforts me to think that this variety
affords so much assistance to know what I should. . . . .
What a happiness is it, that without the aid of necromancy,
I can here call up any of the ancient worthies of learning,
whether human or divine, and confer with them upon all
of reverend fathers and acute doctors from all the coasts
my doubts; that I can at pleasure summon whole synods
of the earth, to give their well-studied judgments in all
doubtful points which I propose. Nor can I cast my eye
casually upon any of these silent masters, but I must learn
somewhat. It is a wantonness to complain of choice. No
law binds us to read all; but the more we can take in and
digest, the greater will be our improvement.
ness.
"Blessed be God, who hath set up so many clear lamps
in his church; none but the wilfully blind can plead dark-
And blessed be the memory of those, his faithful
servants, who have left their blood, their spirits, their lives
in these precious papers; and have willingly wasted them-
selves into these enduring monuments to give light to
others."
"Books, as Dryden has aptly termed them, are specta-
cles to read Nature. Eschylus and Aristotle, Shakspeare,
and Bacon, are Priests who preach and expound the mys-
teries of Man and the Universe. They teach us to under-
stand and feel what we see, to decipher and syllable the
hieroglyphics of the senses."-HARE.
The advice of Lord BACON to Chief Justice COKE
should be pondered by every one desirous of mental
improvement:
"Let us consider how great a commodity of doctrine.
exists in books; how easily, how secretly, how safely they
expose the nakedness of human ignorance, without putting
it to shame. These are the masters who instruct us with-
out rods and ferrules, without hard words and anger, with-
out clothes or money. If you approach them, they are not
asleep; if investigating you interrogate them, they conceal
nothing; if you mistake them, they never grumble; if you
are ignorant, they cannot laugh at you."-RICHARD DE
BURY: Philobiblian.
"Books are not absolutely dead things, but do contain a
progeny of life in them, to be as active as that soul was,
whose progeny they are; nay, they do preserve, as in a
INTRODUCTION.
15
(
cease to instruct,-never cloy."-Joineriana.
via, the purest efficacy and extraction of that living intel- | again; for, like true friends, they will never fail us.-never
lect that bred them. I know they are as lively and as
vigorously productive as those fabulous dragon's teeth;
and, being sown up and down, may chance to spring up
armed men. As good almost to kill a man, as kill a good
book: who kills a man, kills a reasonable creature-God's
image; but he who destroys a good book, kills reason it-
'self-kills the image of God, as it were, in the eye. Many
a man lives a burden to the earth; but a good book is the
precious life-blood of a master-spirit, embalmed and trea-
! sured up on purpose to a life beyond life."-JOHN MILTON.
A
"IIere is the best solitary company in the world, and in
this particular, chiefly excelling any other, that in my study
·
i
I am sure to converse with none but wise men; but abroad
it is impossible for me to avoid the society of fools. What
an advantage have I, by this good fellowship, that, besides
the help which I receive from hence, in reference to my
life after this life, I can enjoy the life of so many ages be-
fore I lived! That I can be acquainted with the passages
of three or four thousand years ago, as if they were the
weekly occurrences. Here, without travelling so far as
¿ Endor, I can call up the ablest spirits of those times, the
learnedest philosophers, the wisest counsellors, the greatest
generals, and make then serviceable to me. I can make
bold with the best jewels they have in their treasury, with
the same freedom that the Israelites borrowed of the Egyp-
tians, and, without suspicion of felony, make use of them
as mine own."-SIR WILLIAM WALLER: Meditation upon
-the Contentment I have in my Books and Study.
:
¦
}
?.
:
"That place that does
Contain my books, the best companions, is
To me a glorious court, where hourly I
Converse with the old sages and philosophers;
And sometimes for variety, I confer
With kings and emperors, and weigh their counsels,
Calling their victories, if unjustly got,
Unto a strict account; and in my fancy,
Deface their ill-placed statues. Can I then
Part with such constant pleasures, to embrace
Uncertain vanities? No: be it your care
To augment a heap of wealth; it shall be mine
To increase in knowledge."
FLETCHER.
"Books should to one of these four ends conduce,
For wisdom, piety, delight, or use." DENHAM.
"To divert, at any time, a troublesome fancy, run to thy
Books. They presently fix thee to them, and drive the
other out of thy thoughts. They always receive thee with
the same kindness."-FULLER.
"It is manifest that all government of action is to be got-
ten by knowledge, and knowledge, best, by gathering many
knowledges, which is READING."-SIR PHILIP SINNEY.
"Education begins the gentleman, but READING, good
eo pany, and reflection, must finish him."-LOCKE.
"Books are standing counsellors and preachers, always
at hand, and always disinterested; having this advantage
over oral instructors, that they are ready to repeat their
lesson as often as we please."-ANON.
"In England, where there are as many new books puh.
lished, as in all the rest of Europe put together, a spirit of
freedom and reason reigns among the people; they havc
been often known to act like fools, they are generally found
to think like men.
An author may be considered as
a merciful substitute to the legislature. He acts not by
punishing crimes, but by preventing them.”—GOLDSMITH.
• •
"Next to acquiring good friends, the best acquisition is
that of good books."-COLTON.
"Young men should not be discouraged from buying
books: much may depend upon it. It is said of Whiston,
that the accidental purchase of Tacquet's own Euclid at an
auction, first occasioned his application to mathematical
studies."-Biography of Whiston.
"The foundation of knowledge must be laid by reading.
General principles must be had from books; which, how-
ever, must be brought to the test of real life. In conver-
What is said upon a
sation, you never get a system.
subject, is to be gathered from a hundred people. The
parts which a man gets thus, are at such a distance from
each other, that he never attains to a full view."—Dr.
SAMUEL JOHNSON.
"Books are men of higher stature,
And the only men that speak aloud for future times to hear.'
- ELIZABETH B. BARRETT.
"The past but lives in words; a thousand ages
Were blank, if books had not evoked their ghosts.
And kept the pale unbodied shades to warn us
From fleshless lips."
E. L. BULWER.
"It is books that teach us to refine our pleasures when
young, and which, having so taught us, enable us to recall
them with satisfaction when old."-LEIGH HUNT.
ING.
"Were I to pray for a taste which should stand me in
stead under every variety of circumstances, and be a sourco
of happiness and cheerfulness to me during life, and a
shield against its ills, however things might go amiss, and
the world frown upon me, it would be A TASTE FOR READ-
Give a man this taste, and the means of gratifying
it, and you can hardly fail of making him a happy man;
unless, indeed, you put into his hands a most perverso
selection of Books. You place him in contact with the best
society in every period of history,-with the wisest, the
wittiest, the tenderest, the bravest, and the purest characters
who have adorned humanity. You make him a denizen
of all nations, a contemporary of all ages. The world has
been created for him !"-SIR JOHN HERSCHEL: Address at
the Opening of the Eton Library, 1833.
"Books are part of man's prerogative;
In formal ink they thought and voices hold,
"In the best Books great men talk to us, with us, and
That we to them our solitude may give,
give us their most precious thoughts. Books are the voices
And make time present travel that of old.
of the distant and the dead. Books are the true levellers.
Our life, Fame pieceth longer at the end,
They give to all who will faithfully use them, the society
And Books it farther backward doth extend.”
and the presence of the best and greatest of our race. No
SIR THOMAS OVERBURY.
matter how poor I am; no matter, though the prosperous
of my own time will not enter my obscure dwelling; if
"Knowledge of Books in a man of business, is as a torch
LEARNED MEN AND POETS will enter and take up their
in the hands of one who is willing and able to show those
abode under my roof-if MILTON will cross my threshold
who are bewildered the way which leads to prosperity and
to sing to me of Paradise; and SHAKSPEARE open to me
welfare.". -Spectator.
the worlds of imagination, and the workings of the human
"Like friends, we should return to Books again and heart; and FRANKLIN enrich me with his practical wisdom,
!
16
INTRODUCTION.
•
-I shall not pine for want of intellectual companionship,
and I may become a cultivated man, though excluded from
what is called the best vociety in the place where I live.
I know how hard it is to some men, especially to
those who spend much time in manual labour, to fix atten-
tion on Books. Let them strive to overcome the difficulty,
by choosing subjects of deep interest, or by reading in
company with those they love. Nothing can supply the
place of Books. They are cheering or soothing
nions in solitude, illness, affliction. The wealth of both
continents would not compensate for the good they impart.
Let every man, if possible, gather some good Books under
his roof, and obtain access for himself and family to some
social Library. Almost any luxury should be sacrificed to
this."-WILLIAM ELLERY CHANNING: Self-Culture.
*
"If the crowns of all the kingdoms of Europe were laid
down at my feet in exchange for my Books and my love of
Reading, I would spurn them all."-ARCHBISHOP FENELON.
"A taste for Books is the pleasure and glory of my
life. I would not exchange it for the glory of the Indies."
-EDWARD GIBBON.
And now, gentle reader, having evoked so many
of the "mighty and the noble," who, gathering around
thee, a "cloud of witnesses," have sought to stimu-
late thy ambition by pointing to the "ample page of
knowledge, rich with the spoils of time," let me hope
that a spirit hath been aroused within thee which
will induce thee to enter in and possess the wealth
of the land: a goodly heritage is before thee; and
like the chosen people of old, thou shalt be enriched
by the labours of thy predecessors, and rejoice in
abundance of good.
But if thy heart tells thee that thou hast no taste
for these delights, if thou still preferrest sensuous
pleasures, if "divine philosophy, though musical as
is Apollo's lute," be harsh and crabbed to thy appre-
hension, and the harp and the viol of earthly banquets
allure thee, and thou be of those who "rejoice at the
sound of the organ," the ceremonies of bravery and
the trappings of courts, "the pomp of heraldry and
the boast of power," put by this volume, and go thy
way. Thy stolidity is impregnable; array thyself
with the cap and bells, and engage thy passage in
Barclay's Shyp of Foyls (q. nom.): thy "talk is of
bullocks," and of such the Son of Sirach says:
"
They shall not be sought for in public council, nor sit
high in the congregation: they shall not sit on the judges'
seat, nor understand the sentence of the judgment: they |
cannot declare justice and judgment; and they shall not
be found where parables are spoken.
All their de-
aire is in the work of their craft."
• • • 0
The History of England, as connected with a review
of English Literature, may be divided into six terms.
1. The British Period: from the earliest times to the
Roman Invasion, B. C. 55.
In this division we have not adhered to the classifi-
cation of some preceding writers, but we trust that
we have not innovated without sufficient excuse. The
death of Stephen de Langton, in 1228, coincides so
nearly with the accession of Henry III. in 1216, that
the synchronism offers a convenient boundary for the
Anglo-Norman period. The reign of Henry III. is
likewise historically memorable as that which wit-
nessed the shooting forth of that feeble germ (the
popular element) which has now become so great a
tree, that the Throne and the Altar, which once ob-
structed its growth, now repose only in safety under
its branches.
2. The Roman Period, B. C. 55, A. D. 449.
3. The Anglo-Saxon Period, A. D. 449, A. D. 1066.
4. The Anglo-Norman Period: from the invasion of
William the Conqueror, A. D. 1066, to the acces-
sion of Henry the Third, A. D. 1216.
5. From the accession of Henry III., A. D. 1216, to
the accession of Elizabeth, A. D. 1558.
6 From the accession of Elizabeth, A. D. 1558, to the
middle of the nineteenth century.
The advent of the English doctrinal Reformation
cannot well be dated before the accession of Elizabeth,
and the literary lustre of that reign affords a strong
argument for its being adopted as a boundary between
the servility of the Latin period, and the vigorous
adolescence of the English tongue. We need hardly
explain that we use these terms respectively, in a
chronological and philological acceptation, without
any reference to the intellectual calibre of the writers
of these epochs.
In the earliest times of which we have any record,
we find the Celts, Cymry, Welsh, or Britons, the in-
habitants of the British isles. The origin of the early
population is involved in obscurity. The theory pro-
pounded by the Welsh priest, Tysilio, in the seventh
century, and gravely alleged by Edward I., in his let-
ter to Boniface, in the fourteenth, that the inhabit-
ants of the southern part of Britain were descended
from the Trojans, -is now generally discredited by
antiquaries. Of conjectures, of course, there is no
end; and we have Aylett Sammes, contending for
the Phoenician origin of the first colonizers of Bri-
tain and Ireland; Sir William Betham, who insists
upon awarding the priority of occupation to the Picts,
or Cimbri of antiquity, and many other theories as
ingenious as they are incapable of demonstration.
Of the language of this people we know but little :
"Though the Britains or Welch were the first possessors
of this island whose names are recorded, and are therefore
in civil history always considered as the predecessors of
the present inhabitants; yet the deduction of the English
language, from the earliest times of which we have any
knowledge, to its present state, requires no mention of
them: for we have so few words which can, with any pro-
bability, be referred to British roots, that we justly regard
the Saxons and Welch, as nations totally distinct."-Dn.
SAMUEL JOHNSON.
"The language of Britain differed very little from that
of the Gaul. Some of the British tribes seem to have come
from Celtic, and others from Belgic, Gaul; but it is proba-
ble, as indeed Strabo distinctly assures us, that the Celts
and the Belgians spoke merely two slightly differing dia-
lects of the same tongue. The evidence of the most ancient
names of localities throughout the whole of South Britain
confirms this account; everywhere these names appear to
belong to one language, and that the same which is still
spoken by the native Irish, and the Scotch Highlanders;
the latter of whom call themselves, to this day, Gaels or
Gauls.”—History of England.
The English language is a branch of the Teutonic,
or Gothic, which is the mother-tongue of many dia-
lects now prevailing in several of the countries of
INTRODUCTION.
17
Europe. Dr. Hickes gives the following genealogical taken to task for asserting at the conclusion of tome
table:
quotations from the Laws of Kings Ethelbert and
Eadgar, that "we observe by these extracts that
rather more than half the Saxon words have been
lost, and now form no part of our language."
The Dr. subsequently remarks:
Anglo-Saxon,
Dutch,
Frisick,
English,
GOTHIC.
Francick,
German,
Cimbrick,
Islandick,
Norwegian,
Swedish,
Danish.
ing, and very probably without an alphabet; their speech,
therefore, having been always cursory and extemporaneous,
must have been artless and unconnected, without any
modes of transition or involution of clauses; which abrupt-
ness and inconnection may be observed even in their later
writings. This barbarity may be supposed to have con-
tinued during their wars with the Britains, which for a
time left them no leisure for softer studies; nor is there
any reason for supposing it abated till the year 570, when
Augustine came from Rome to convert them to Christianity.
The Christian religion always implies or produces a certain
degree of civility and learning; they then became by de-
grees acquainted with the Roman language, and so gained,
from time to time, some knowledge and elegance, till in
three centuries they had formed a language capable of ex-
pressing all the sentiments of a civilized people, as appears
by King Alfred's paraphrase in imitation of Boethius, and
his short preface, which I have selected as the first speci-
men of ancient English."-DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON.
"Mr. Meidinger of Frankfort, in the Introduction to his
Etymological and Comparative Dictionary of the Teuto-
Gothic Languages, notices this observation of mine, respect-
"What was the form of the Saxon language when, about ing the proportion of Saxon words which have been lost,
the year 450, they first entered Britain, cannot now be and then states the opinion of Mr. Turner, that more than
known. They seem to have been a people without learn-four-fifths of the words in modern English are of Saxon
origin. This difference in the two statements proceeds
from a circumstance overlooked. My statement refers only
to the actual proportion of Saxon words retained in the
vocabulary, which is probably less than half of the whole
number of words in the language. Mr. Turner's state-
ment refers to the proportion of Saxon words actually used
in our cominon language, which is, doubtless, as great as
he represents it. The words of Saxon origin are the more
necessary words; such as are wanted in all the common
concerns of life; and therefore in use they compose the
body of the language.”—Introduction to Webster's Eng-
lish Dictionary.
About 1150, the Saxon began to take the form
which was gradually moulded to the proportions of
the modern English, though not without a most im-
portant admixture of other elements. After the Nor-
man conquest, many Saxon words became obsolete,
and Latin and French shoots were from time to time
grafted upon the present stock, until in the fourteenth
and fifteenth centuries it began to assume the form of
modern English. Yet Gower and Chaucer are more of
a task than a pleasure to the ordinary English reader.
"Nothing can be more difficult than to determine, except
by an arbitrary line, the commencement of the English
language; not so much, as in those of the continent, be-
cause we are in want of materials, but rather from an
opposite reason—the possibility of tracing a very gradual
accession of verbal changes that ended in a change of de-
nomination. For when we compare the earliest English
of the thirteenth century with the Anglo-Saxon of the
twelfth, it seems hard to pronounce why it should pass for
a separate language, rather than a modification or simpli-
fication of the former. We must conform, however, to
2
It will be observed that we do not profess to enter
into the learning of philological investigation, or to
discuss the many modern dissertatious upon this in-
teresting department of study. Such a departure
from our plan would be altogether unjustifiable. The
reader who desires to pursue this subject will find
valuable guides in the prefaces and introductions to
JOHNSON'S, WEBSTER's, and RICHARDSON'S Diction
aries, and in the works of LYE, Bosworth, Thorpe,
PEGGE, PAYNE, CLARK, WELSFORD, HARRISON, LA-
THAM, SAVAGE, MACLEAN, MARCET, &c.
Having taken a hasty review of the language, we
now proceed to the examination of the literature of
our ancestors.
The first two periods of our classification-the
British and the Roman-afford nothing to arrest our
attention:
"Whatever existed in those remote times deserving the
name of learning or scientific knowledge, never having
been committed to writing, and having consequently pe-
rished with the general subversion of the order of things
then established, cannot be regarded as having been even
the beginning or rudimental germ of that which we now
possess. The present literary civilization of England dates
its commencement only from the Saxon period, and not
from a very early point in that."
The first name in the catalogue of Anglo-Saxon
writers is that of GILDAS, said by William of Malms-
bury and Johannes Glastoniensis, to have died A.D.
512, which early date is inconsistent with other state-
ments in which his name occurs.
Gildas is repre-
usage, and say that the Anglo-Saxon was converted into
English-1, by contracting, or otherwise modifying, the
pronunciation and orthography of words; 2, by omitting
any inflections, especially of the noun, and consequently
making more use of articles and auxiliaries; 3, by the
introduction of French derivations; 4, by using less inver-sented to have been a zealous missionary, the son of
sion and ellipsis, especially in poetry. Of these, the second Cam or Ken, a British king, who reigned in the dis-
trict of Aleluyd, (Dumbarton.) To this writer, is
ascribed, by Bede, a tract (in Latin) on British His-
tory under the Romans, and during the Saxon inva-
sion, &c. This work de Excidio Britannica is chiefly
compiled from Roman writers. Giraldus Cambren-
sis mentions the epigrams of Gildas; and Geoffrey
That eminent philologer, Dr. WEBSTER, has been of Monmouth, John Brompton, and Bale, ascribe
alone, I think, can be considered as sufficient to describe a
new form of language; and this was brought about so
gradually, that we are not relieved of much of our difficulty,
whether some compositions shall pass for the latest offspring
of the mother, or the earliest fruit of the fertility of the
daughter."-HALLAM.
18
INTRODUCTION.
theological and other treatises to this author. So far | under the superintendence of the Council of the
are we removed from certainty on these questions, Royal Society of Literature. To these works we
that whilst some contend for two of the name, others have been largely indebted for our notices of the
deny that Gildas is any thing more than a fabulous writers of this early age, and have had so much con-
personage.
fidence in Mr. Wright's accuracy, that we have in-
corporated large portions of his sketches of eminent
authors, as Bede, Alfred, Neckham, &c., into our
work, without notice of other authorities upon the
same subjects. This is the only case in which we
have so closely followed our authority; of course
credit has been given to Mr. Wright at the conclusion
of the articles, for the matter thus borrowed. We
shall increase our obligations to this learned gentle-
man by presenting the reader with the following
tables of the writers of the Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-
Norman periods, extracted from the Biog. Brit. Lit. :
We may remark, in pursuing our subject, that it
will be unnecessary for us to enter here into any his-
torical details of the writers we shall mention; as
those of any importance will be treated of in the
body of this work.
The reader should carefully peruse the Biographia |
Britannica Literaria, Anglo-Saxon Period, 1 vol.,
Lon., 1842; Anglo-Norman Period, 1 vol., Lon., 1846,
by that eminent scholar, Thomas Wright, A. M.,
Corresponding Member of the Institute of France,
(Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres,) published
A. D.
530-600. Gildas.
Died 709. Wilfred.
C.
Nennius.
St. Columbanus.
C.
690. Benedict Biscop.
680. Cædmon.
704. Adamnan.
705. Haeddi, or Hedda.
709. Aldhelm.
718. Egwin.
720. Eddius Stephanus.
721. John of Beverley.
716. Ceolfrid.
729. Egbert.
721. Eadfrith.
726. Tobias.
731. Berctwald.
734. Tatwine.
f. 730. Felix.
738. Wilbrord.
735. Bede.
766. Egbert of York.
758. Cuthbert of Canterbury.
755. Boniface (Winifrid).
787. Willibald.
689. Willehad.
804. Alcuin.
763. Frithwald.
Died 1089. Lanfranc.
c. 1076. Guy, bishop of Amiens.
A. 1082. Gerland.
1095. Robert, bishop of Here-
ford.
1096. William, bishop of Dur-
ham.
▲ 1082. Sulcard.
1096. Ricemarchus.
ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD.
Hemming, sub-prior of
Worcester.
A. D.
740. Acca,
732. Albinus,
739. Nothhelm,
745. Daniel,
740. Ethelwald,
after 737. Forthhere,
after 731. Hwebert,
Plegwin,
Withred,
Cuthbert,
797. Ethelbert.
Ethelwolf.
The literary periods of Bede.
Dicuil.
868. Swithun.
877. Neot.
901. King Alfred.
910. Asser.
923. Plegmund.
915. Werferth.
897. Denewulf.
903. Grimbald.
John the "mass-priest."
877. Joannes Scotus.
Hucarius.
Ercombert.
Aldred the Glossator.
961. Odo, archbishop of Can-
terbury.
ANGLO-NORMAN PERIOD.
1098. Osmund, bishop of Sa-!
lisbury.
1100. Thomas, archbishop of
York.
c. 1100. Osbern of Canterbury.
1109. Ingulf.
1107. Godfrey of Winchester.
1113. Colman.
A. D.
A. 956. Fridegode.
984. Ethelwold.
988. Dunstan.
992. Oswald.
974. Aio.
988. Fulbertus.
Bricstan.
Alwin, or Ail win.
fl. 980. Lantfredus.
Al. 990. Wolstan.
f. 980. Bridferth.
f. 990. Alfric of Malmsbury.
1006. Alfric of Canterbury.
Adalard.
1051. Alfric Bata.
1008. Cynewulf, or Keuulf.
1023. Wulfstan.
A. 1010. Oswald,
MINOR WRITERS OF THE ELEVENTH CENTURY.
Hammelinus of Veru-
lam.
1038. Ethelnoth,
f. 1020. Haymo of York,
1054. Haymo of Canter-
bury,
1047. Withman.
fl. 1066. Folchard.
1077. Hereman.
1086. Giso.
1098. Gotselin.
A. 1090. Ethelward.
1095. Wulstan.
fl. 1100. Lucian of Chester
1102. Sæwulf.
1108. Gundulf
1108. Gerard, archbishop of
York.
Minor writers..
1117. Faritius.
Leofric of Brun.
Warnier, or Garnier.
Johannes Grammaticus.
INTRODUCTION.
19
A. D.
1109. Anselm.
1135. King Henry I.
f. 1110. William of Chester.
1114. Gilbert Crispin.
1115. Turgot.
1118. Florence of Worcester.
1119. Herebert, bishop of Nor-
wich.
1122. Radulph, bishop of Ro-
chester.
1124. Nicholas, prior of Wor-
cester.
f. 1120. Geoffrey of Llandaff.
fl. 1120. Benedict of Gloucester.
after 1143. Ordericus Vitalis.
fl. 1143. Robert de Retines.
Turold.
Everard.
Helys of Winchester.
Samson de Nanteuil.
1151. Geoffrey of Burton.
A. 1140. Robert of Salop.
1. 1150. Robert le Poule.
f. 1143. Richard of Hexham.
f. 1170. John of Hexham.
A. 1159. Robert of Cricklade.
1166. Ailred of Rievaux.
f. 1165. Reginald of Durham.
1164. Hugh, abbot of Read-
ing.
1167. Robert de Melun, bishop
of Hereford.
f. 1168. William of Peterbo-
rough.
1170. Thomas Becket, arch-
bishop of Canterbury.
MINOR WRITERS OF THE REIGN OF HENRY I.
A. 1120. David, bishop of Ban-
gor.
1129. Gilbert, archdeacon of
Buckingham.
1146. Geoffrey, abbot of St.
Alban's.
after 1171. Wace.
f. 1170. Radulph de Dunstable.
f. 1170. William of St. Alban's.
Serlo.
Daniel Church.
fl. 1170. Thomas of Beverley.
Gualo.
A. 1170. Walter Daniel.
fl. 1160. Adalbert of Spalding.
Radulph, monk of West-
minster.
A. D.
f. 1112. Reginald of Canter-
bury.
1124. Ernulph, bishop of Ro-
chester.
Hugo Sotævagina.
1177. Walter the Gramma-
rian.
A.1180. Odo, abbot of Mure-
1124. Eadmer.
1134. Stephen Harding.
A. 1120. Philip de Thaun.
Guiscard, or Guichard
de Beaulieu.
A. 1140. William of Malmsbury.
1154. Geoffrey of Monmouth.
fl. 1148. Gaimar.
David.
f. 1150. Alfred of Beverley.
MINOR WRITERS UNDER STEPHEN.
f. 1140. Nicholas of St. Al-
ban's.
Al-
A. 1170. John of Cornwall.
fl. 1170. Gervase of Chichester.
A. 1170. Roger of Hereford.
f. 1170. Alfred the Philosopher.
A. 1174. Jordan Fantosme.
A. 1175. Odo of Kent.
f. 1175. Odo de Cirington.
f. 1160. Roger of Salisbury.
1175. Daniel de Merlai.
1180. John of Salisbury.
1180. Adam du Petit Pont.
1184. Girard du Pucelle.
1186. Bartholomew, bishop of
Exeter.
Al. 1184. John de Hauteville.
fl. 1185. Jocelin of Furness.
fil. 1180. Benoit de Sainte-Maur.
MINOR WRITERS OF THE REIGN OF HENRY II.
A. 1185. William the astrono-¦
mer.
Richard, abbot of Foun-
tains.
Albericus de Vere.
f. 1160. William de Wycumb.
Thomas of Monmouth.
Nicholas, monk of Dur-
ham.
Osbert of Clare.
Samson, monk of Can-
terbury.
A. D.
A. 1124. Roger Infans.
Hilarius.
f. 1120. Athelard of Bath.
f. 1129. Simeon of Durham.
1134. Gilbert, bishop of Lon-
don (Universalis.)
1137. Ailmer.
1114. Thomas of Bayeux,
archbishop of York.
1140. Thurstan, archbishop
of York.
1112. Stephen of Whitby.
fl. 1150. Osbern of Gloucester.
1154. Laurence of Durham.
c. 1154. Caradoc of Lancarvan.
after 1154. Henry of Huntingdon
after 1154. William de Conches.
after 1155. Hugo Candidus.
1146. William of Rievaux.
Richard of Worcester.
fl. 1180. Clement of Lanthony.
f. 1180. Robert of Bridlington.
A. 1180. Herebert of Bosham.
1188. Gilbert Foliot.
1186. Robert Foliot.
1190. Ranulph de Glanville.
bef. 1195. Richard of Ely.
1174. Thomas of Ely.
Gervase of Tilbury.
1193. Richard, bishop of Lon-
don.
1190. Baldwin, archbishop of
Canterbury.
Walter Mapes.
Robert de Borron.
Luces de Gast.
A. 1171. Robert of Glastonbury.
Henry of Saltrey.
1176. Laurence, abbot
Westminster.
1180. Adam the Scot.
Roger of Forde.
f. 1180. Walter, monk of St.
Alban's.
A. 1180. Philip, prior of St. Fri-
deswith's.
1191. Adam, abbot of Eves-
ham.
cf
mund.
20
INTRODUCTION.
A. D.
1199. King Richard Coeur de
Lion.
A. 1175. Guernes du Pont de St.
Maxence.
Bozun, or Boson.
Herman.
1. 1186. Nigellus Wireker.
1193. Benedict of Peterbo-
rough.
A. D.
fl. 1192. Richard of Devizes.
William Fitz-Stephen.
1202. Alan of Tewkesbury.
Roger of Croyland.
after 1198. Peter of Blois.
1223. Giraldus Cambrensis.
Geoffrey de Vinsauf.
Joseph of Exeter.
bef. 1136. William of Newbury.
Philip de Reimes.
Maurice and Peter de after 1201. Roger de Hoveden.
f. 1193. John of Brompton.
Radulph de Diceto..
Craom.
Renaud de Hoilande.
Simon du Fresne.
f. 1200. Richard the Canon.
1207. Walter de Coutances.
Gulielmus Peregrinus.
Hugh de Hoveden.
MINOR WRITERS DURING THE REIGNS OF RICHARD I. AND JOHN.
Adam of Dore.
Adam of Einesham.
Robert de Beaufey.
Hugh de Rutland.
Thomas.
f. 1214. Geoffrey of Coldingham.
Girard of Cornwall.
A. 1193. Nicholas de Walking-
• •
•
ton.
Maurice of Wales.
Maurice of Ford.
John de St. Omer.
The following remarks are interesting in this con-
nection:
•
1220. Alexander le Partiger.
f. 1172. John Cumyn.
John, abbot of Forde.
1199. Hugh de Nonant.
·
"The poetry of the Anglo-Saxons was neither modulated
according to foot-measure, like that of the Greeks and
Romans, nor written with rhymes, like that of many mo-
dern languages. Its chief and universal characteristic
was a very regular alliteration, so arranged that, in every
couplet there should be two principal words in the first line
beginning with the same letter, which letter must also be
the initial of the first word on which the stress of the voice
falls in the second line. The only approach to a metrical
system yet discovered is that two risings and two fallings
of the voice seem necessary to each perfect line. Two
distinct measures are met with, a shorter and a longer, both
commonly mixed together in the same poem, the former
being used for the ordinary narrative, and the latter adopted
when the poet sought after greater dignity. In the manu-
scripts, the Saxon poetry is always written continuously
like prose, perhaps for the sake of convenience, but the
division of the lines is generally marked by a point.
"The popular literature of the Normans in France and
England previous to the twelfth century is totally unknown
to us.
However, as most of the popular literature
of this period was confined to the jongleurs, who were at
the same time authors and minstrels, and as it was proba-
bly seldom or never committed to writing, we have no
difficulty in accounting for its loss. We know that there
were jongleurs in Normandy at an early period, and that
they followed their patrons to England. But we only be-
come acquainted with their compositions at a later period.
In literature, the Anglo-Norman language first makes its
appearance in poems of a religious and serious character;
and it seems to have first found a distinguished patron in
Adelaide of Louvaine, queen of Henry I. . . . . Most
of this religious and serious poetry consisted in mere trans-
lations or paraphrases from the Latin, and the writers
make no further pretension.. The only known Eng-
fish writers of Anglo-Saxon prose are Walter Mapes, "The orations with which he occasionally diversifies the
Robert de Borron, and Luces de Gast, the authors of thread of his story, are, in general, appropriate and dra-
rome of the most popular romances of the cycle of thematic, and not only prove his good sense, but exhibit no
A. D.
f. 1174. Gervase of Canterbury
Radulph Niger.
William of Ramsey.
William the Clerk.
Thomas de Bailleul.
Orm.
Nicholas de Guildford
Layamon.
1228. Stephen de Langton.!
1228. Gervase, bishop of Seez.
1217. Alexander Neckham.
A. 1200. Joscelin de Brakelonde.
fl. 1210. Gilbertus Anglicus.
1213. William du Mont.
William the trouvere
Richard the Prémon-
strensian.
John of Tilbury.
Samson, abbot of Bury.
John of Wallingford,
abbot of St. Alban's.
Round Table. . . . . It will be seen by this briof review of
the literature of the Anglo-Norman language during the
twelfth century, that, until the close of the century, it ha
no great attraction beyond a few historical productiont
which might as well have been written in Latin, and ono
or two metrical romances.
It would be in vain to
attempt a history of English literature in the twelfth cen-
tury, because every thing connected with it is vague and
uncertain."-See Introduction to Biog. Brit. Lit.
• • #
The reader will refer to the articles, CEDMON, the
monk (died about 680); BEDE (died 735); King AL-
FRED (died 901); ALFRIC of Canterbury (died 1006);
CYNEW, Bishop of Winchester (died 1008); WULF-
STAN, Bishop of Worcester, Archbishop of York (died
1023), &c.-for notices of some of the principal wri-
ters from the death of Gildas to the termination of
the Saxon Chronicle.
The Saxon Chronicle, the production of a number
of authors, professes to give a history of English affairs
from A. D. 1-1150, at which date it abruptly con
cluded.
mouth.
About 1180? we have Layamon's metrical transla-
tion of the Brut d'Angleterre, of Wace, written about
1160, and itself a translation from Geoffrey of Mon
This ingenious monk obliges us with a his
tory of British occurrences from Brutus of Troy,
who is placed long before the Christian era, to
Cadwallader, A.D. 689. Layamon seems to know
the original history only through the version of Mais-
ter Wace.
ter Wace. Upon the same history principally, is
founded the Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester,
(temp. Henry III. and Edward I.) who professes to
narrate the history of England from the time of Bru-
tus to the death of Sir Henry of Almaine.
INTRODUCTION.
21
unfavourable specimens of his eloquence. In his descrip- | feats of dexterity: throwing his lance into the air as if it
tion of the first crusade, he seems to change his usual
character, and becomes not only entertaining, but even
animated."-ELLIS.
were a small stick; catching it by the point before he cast
it against the enemy; and repeating the same operation
with his sword, so that they who bebeld him considered
him as a conjuror-
This Chronicle consists of more than ten thousand
lines, and Alexandrines at that! The Bodleian,
Cottonian, and Harleian MSS. of it are considered the
best. There is also one in the Library of the
Heralds' College.
The next of the Rhyming Chronicles is Robert
Manning, or Robert de Brunne, (temp. Edward I.
(temp. Edward I.
and II.) the translator of Manuel des Pèches and Peter
de Langtoft's Chronicle. This verse is shorter than
that of Robert of Gloucester, approaching the octo-
syllabic stanza of a later period.
L'un dit à l'a'tre ki coveit,
Ke co esteit enchantement,
Ke cil fesait devant la gent,
Quant, &c.
"That a class of men who cultivated the arts of amuse-
ment as a profession, were known and esteemed by the
Normans of the time of the Conquest, is undeniably proved
by the evidence of Domesday-book; in which we find a
certain Bedric possessed of a large tract of land in Glouces
tershire, under the title of joculator regis. The register,
of course, does not explain the talents of this joculator, or
jongleur; but it may be fairly assumed that they were
similar to those of the minstrel Taillefer, who, as Wace
informs us, 'moult bien chantont,' and who preceded the
Duke of Normandy at the battle of Hastings, singing
about Charlemagne, and Rolland, and Olivier, and the
vassals who died at Roncesvalles.' We are further in-
formed by Gaimar, that he performed many marvellous
Now, unless it could be proved that the Normans adopted
the profession of minstrelsy from the French, of which
there is no evidence, it must follow that they .arried it
with them from Denmark; and as Bishop Percy has
shown that a character nearly analogous existed among
the Danes, as well as the Anglo-Saxons the derivation of
the minstrels from the Scalds and Glee-men of the North,
as established in the Essay prefixed to the 'Reliques of
Ancient Poetry,' seems to rest upon as fair historical testi-
mony as can be required in confirmation of such an opi-
nion."-Introduction to the Rise and Progress of Romantio
Composition, &c.; also peruse the Essay prefixed to Per-
The reader will find some specimens of the changes
of language in the periods which have now been re-
ferred to in an excellent work accessible to all-W.
& R. Chambers's Cyclopædia of English Literature.
Some valuable dissertations in the introductions to
Shaw's and Spalding's Histories of English Literacy's Reliques.
ture should also be carefully perused. For a history
About the middle of the thirteenth century, the ap-
of the English Metrical Romances, the period of plication of poetry—heretofore confined to, 1. Chroni-
which we may assume to be 1300-1500, Warton's cles, 2. Romances-to general subjects, manners,
History of English Poetry, and Halliwell's and Percy's morals, descriptive essays, &c., came into use.
The
Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, should be con-
reader must procure for a view of the essays of this
sulted. The literature of this character was almost period, Mr. Thomas Wright's Political Songs and Spe-
exclusively composed of versions from French origi- cimens of Lyric Poetry, composed in England in the
nals. The theory of Sir Walter Scott respecting reign of Edward I.: Reliquiæ Antiquæ, 2 vols. Lau-
Sir Tristem, and Mr. Warton's ascription of The
rence Minot, in secular, and Richard Rolle, in theolo-
Life of Alexander the Great to Adam Davie, are per-gical poetry, are two of the prominent names of the
haps hardly tenable in the present day. Among the fourteenth century. About 1360 was completed the
best known compositions of this period may be men-
Vision of Piers Plowman, the composition of a secular
tioned, SIR GUY, THE SQUIRE OF LOW DEGREE, priest named Robert Langlande. The poet sets forth
SIR DEGORE, KING ROBERT OF SICILY, THE KING by allegorical representations the corruptions prevail-
of Tars, ImpoMeDON, LA MORT ARTUR, SIR THOPAS, ing among the ecclesiastics, and predicts a severe pu-
SIR BEVIS, SIR ISENBRAS, SIR LIBIUS, and GAWAN nishment as the consequences of such disorder.
AND GALOGras. Let the reader carefully peruse have in this singular allegory the characters of Mercy,
Ellis's Historical Introduction on the Rise and Truth, Conscience, Pride, Sir In-witt, See-well, Say-
Progress of Romantic Composition in France and well, Hear-well, Work-well, Go-well, &c. The reader
England; prefixed to the Specimens of Early English will not be surprised that such similarity of charac-
Metrical Romances. Of this valuable work a new
ters has led some critics to compare this ancient
edition has been published, under the editorial care
poem with the Pilgrim's Progress.
of the eminent antiquary, philologist, and enthusias-
tic philomath, J. Orchard Halliwell, Esq., F. R. S.
(Bohn's Antiquarian Library, Lon., 1848: also pro-
cure The Chronicles of the Crusades; indeed all of
the volumes of this valuable series should be in the
hands of the curious student.)
We
We have now reached a most important landmark,
at which we may properly conclude our synopsis-
the name of the Great Father of English Poetry,
The following remarks are not without interest in GEOFFREY CHAUCER, born between 1328 and 1346.
this connection:
It was about this period, say 1350, that the cha-
|racter styled Black-Letter, or Old English, was first
used.
We need hardly remark that the inscription on his
tomb, stating him to have died in the year 1400, at
the age of 72, is not based upon any known authority,
having been placed where it is, about 150 years after
his death. However, these are matters which are
discussed in the following pages, and therefore bio-
graphical details respecting individuals, and biblio-
graphical and critical information regarding their
works, will not be expected here. We may now ap-
propriately introduce from the tables in the Compa-
nion to the British Almanac, as improved in George
P. Putnam's World's Progress, New York, 1851. a
Chronological Table of some of the principal British
Authors and their works, A. D. 500-1850.
-
22
INTRODUCTION.

A. D.
500
600 Cadmon, Saxon Poems.
700
900
1000
1100
800 Alfred, 849-901, Saxon Poems, 800
Translations, &c.
1200
IMAGINATION.
1300
.400
Aldhelme, d. 709, Latin Poems.
Layamon, Saxon Poetry.
Nigellus, Speculum Stultorum.
Walter Mapes, Satires, Songs.
Jos. of Exeter, Trojan War, War
of Antioch, Epics.
Robert of Cloucester, Chronicle
in verse.
T. Lermont, the Rhymer, Sir
Tristem, Romance.
Adam Davie, Metr. Romance,
Life of Alex.
Lawrence Minot, d. 1352, His-
torical Poems.
John Barbour, 1326-1396, 'The
Bruce.'
Pierce Plow-
R. Langlande,
man,' a Satire.
Geoffrey Chaucer, 1328-1400,
6
Canterbury Tales,' &c.
John Gower, d. 1402, Elegies,
Romances, &c.
John Lydgate, 1380-1440,
Poems.
A. D.
500 Gildas, Conquest of Britain.
600
Nennius, Origin of Britons.
FACT.
700 Bede, 673-735, Eccl. History of 700 Alcuin, d. S04, Theology, Histo.
England.
ry, Poetry.
Asser, d. 909, Life of Alfred, His-
tory of England.
1300
900 Ethelwerd, History of Great 900
Britain.
1000 Ingulphus, 1030-1109, History 1000
of Croyland.
Eadmer, Chronicle.
1100 Order. Vitalis, 1075-1132, His- 1100
tory of England.
Florence of Worcester, d. 1118,
Chron. of England.
Geoffrey of Monmouth, History
of Britain.
William of Malmsbury, d. 1143,
History of Britain.
Henry of Huntingdon, Chro-
nicles of England.
Simeon of Durham, Chronicles
of England.
John of Salisbury, d. 1181, 'Life
of Becket,' &c.
G. Cambrensis, Conq. of Ireland,
Itin. of Wales.
Wm. of Newbury, b. 1136, Chron.
of England.
A. D.
500
600
1200 Roger Hoveden, Chron. of Eng- 1200
land.
Gervase of Canterbury, Histo-
ry of England.
Roger of Wendover, Hist. of
England.
Mathew Paris, d. 1259, History
of England.
William Rishanger, History of
England.
Nicholas Triveth, d. 1328, Hist.
Physic, Theology.
Richard of Chichester, Chron.
of England.
Ralph Higden, d. 1360, Chron.
of England.
Henry Knighton, d. 1370, Chron.
of England.
Matthew of Westminster, 'Flow-
ers of History.'
John Maundeville, d. 1372, Tra-
vels.
John Fordun, Chron. of Scot-
land.
800 J. Scott Erigena, d. SS3, 'Of the
Nature of Things.'
•
T. Walsingham, d. 1440, Histo-
ry of Normandy.
SPECULATIVE AND SCIENTIFIC.
1400 Andrew of Wyntoun, History of 1400
Scotland.
Robert Pulleyn, d. 1150, The-
ology.
·
Richard of St. Victor, d. 1173,
Theology.
Ralph Glanville, Collection of
Laws.
Alex. Neckham, d. 1227, The-
ology.
Robert Grosteste, Natural Phi-
losophy.
Alexander Hales, d. 1245, Aris-
totelian.
John Peckham, Theology.
John Holiwood, d. 1258, Astron.,
Mathematics.
Roger Bacon, 1214-1292, Che
mistry, Optics, &c.
Rich. Middleton, Theology.
1300 Albricus, Theology.
Duns Scotus, d. 1308, Philoso-
phy.
Walter Burleigh, Philosophy.
Gilb. Anglicus, Medicine.
R. Aungerville, 1281-1345, Phi
lobiblion.
J. Wicliffe, 1324-1384, Theclo-
gy, Translation of the Bible.
H. de Bracton, Law.
INTRODUCTION.
23
1400 James I. of Scotland, 1395-
1395-1400
1437, 'King's Quhair,' &c.
IMAGINATION.
Harry the Minstrel, 'Sir W. Wal-
lace.'
Stephen Hawes, 'Passetyme of
Pleasure.'
John Skelton, d. 1529, Satires,
Odes.
1475-1522,
Douglas,
Trans. Virgil.
Thomas More, 1480-1535, 'Uto-
pia.'
Thomas Wyatt, d. 1541, Son-
nets.
John Heywood, d. 1565, Drama.
Earl of Surrey, d. 1546-1517,
Poems.
George Gascoigne, d. 1577,
Drama.
Philip Sidney, 1554-1586, 'Ar-
cadia.'
Christ. Marlowe, d. 1593, Drama.
Edmund Spenser, 1553-1598,
'Faery Queen.'
W. Shakspeare, 1564-1616, Dra-
ma.
John Lylie, 1550-1600, 'Eu-
phues.'
1500 Wm. Dunbar, 1465-1530, This- 1500 R. Fabyan, d. 1512, Chron. of 1500 Thos. Linacre, 1460-1524, Phi-
tle and Rose.'
England and France.
lology, Medicine.
Gawin
John Fletcher, 1576-1625, Dra-
ma.
F. Beaumont, 1586-1615, Dra-
ma.
J. Ford, b. 1586, Drama.
Ben Jonson, 1574-1637, Dra-
ma.
P. Massinger, 1585-1639, Dra-
ma.
J. Harrington, 1561-1612, Trans.
Ariosto.
E. Fairfax, d. 1632, Trans. Tasso.
M. Drayton, 1563-1631, Poems.
3. Sandys, 1577-1643, Transla-
tions, Poems.
S. Daniel, 1562-1619, Poems.
W. Drummond, 1585-1649, Po-
ems.
John Donne, 1573-1662, Satires,
Essays.
Geo. Wither, 158S-1657, Satires.
James Shirley, 1594-1666, Dra-
ma.
Sir John Suckling, 1609-1641,
Poems.
FACT.
John Denham, 1615-1668, Tra-
gedies, Cooper's Hill.
Samuel Butler, 1612-1688, Hu-
dibras.
John Hardyng, Chron. of Eng-
land.
Lord Berners, Trans. of Frois-
sart.
W. Caxton, Translations.
Douglas of Glastonbury, Chron.
of England.
T. Hall, d. 1547, Hist. of Houses
of York and Lancaster.
John Leland, d. 1552, English
Antiquities.
W. Cavendish, 1505–1557, 'Life
of Wolsey.'
J. Bale, 1495-1563, 'Lives of
British Writers.'
Ralph Hollingshed, d. 1581,
Chronicles.
George Buchanan, 1506-1582,
History of Scotland.
J. Fox, 1517-1587, Book of Mar-
tyrs.
N. Fitzherbert, 1550-1612, Bio-
graphy.
John Stowe, 1527-1605, Chroni-
cles, Topography.
Sir T. North, Translations of
Plutarch.
1400
Thomas Roe, 1580-1641, Travels
in the East.
E. (Lord) Herbert, 1581-1648,
History of Henry VIII.
R. Baker, d. 1645, Chron. of Eng-
land.
SPECULATIVE AND SCIENTIFIC.
Thomas Fuller, 1608–1661, His-
tory and Biography.
Clarendon, 160S-1673, History
of Rebellion.
Thomas May, d. 1650, History
of Parliament.
Izaak Walton, 1593-1683, Bio-
graphy.
1600 John Owen, d. 1612, Latin Epi- 1600 J. Pits, 1560-1616, Biog. of 1600 Edward Coke, 1550-1634, Law.
grams.
John Napier, 1550-1617, Loga-
rithms.
Kings, Bishops, &c.
Richard Knolls, d. 1610, History
of the Turks.
Wm. Camden, 1551–1623, Anti-
quities.
R. Hakluyt, 1553-1616, Naval
Histories.
W. Raleigh, 1552-1617, History
of the World.
Samuel Daniel, 1567-1619, His-
tory of England.
John Heyward, d. 1627, English
History.
J. Speed, 1555-1629, Hist. of
Great Britain.
Henry Spelman, 1562-1641, An-
tiquities.
Sir R. B. Cotton, 1570-1631, An-
tiquities.
S. Purchas, 1577-1628, Collec-
tion of Voyages.
John Fortescue, Laws of Eng-
land.
Thomas Littleton, d. 1487, Law.
Anth. Fitzherbert, Husbandry.
Thomas Elyot, Philology.
Hugh Latimer, 1475-1555, Ser-
mons.
Roger Ascham, 1515-1568, 'The
Schoolmaster.'
Thomas Wilson, d. 1581, Logie
and Rhetoric.
Thomas Tusser, d. 1580, Hus-
bandry.
J. Jewel, 1522–1570, Divinity.
R. Hooker, 1553–1600, Ecclesi-
astical Polity.

W. Gilbert. 1540-1603, 'On the
Loadstone,'
L. Andrews, 1565-1626, Sermons.
Robert Burton, 1576-1639, ‘Anat.
of Melancholy.'
Francis Bacon, 1560-1626, Phi-
losophy, History.
Wm. Harvey, 1578-1657, Circu-
lation of Blood.
John Selden, 1584-1654, Anti-
quities, Law, History.
J. Harrington, 1611-1677, 'Oce-
ana.'
James Usher, 1580-1656, Divi-
nity, Sermons, History.
Thomas Hobbes, 1588-1679, Me-
taphysics.
W. Dugdale, 1605-1686, Antiqui-
ties, History.
W. Chillingworth, 1602-16ii,
Theology.
Isaac Barrow, 1630-1677, Divi-
nity, Mathematics.
J. Pearson, 1612-1686, Divinity.
24
INTRODUCTION.
IMAGINATION.
.
1000 John Milton, 1608–1674, Para- 1600 B. Whitlocke, 1605-1676, His-
1600 B. Whitlocke, 1605-1676, His-
dise Lost.'
tory.
Mrs. Hutchinson, Biography.
W. Pryune, 1660-1667, History,
Politics.
Edin. Waller, 1605-1687, Poems.
A. Cowley, 1618-1667, Poems.
A. Maxwell, 1620-1678, Poems.
Rochester, 1648-1680, Satires.
Roscommon, 1633-1684, Poems.
N. Lee, 1656-1691, Drama.
John Bunyan, 1628-16SS, 'Pil-
grim's Progress.'
John Dryden, 1631-1701, Tra-
gedy, Satire, Virgil.'
Thos. Otway, 1651-1685, Tra-
gedy.
6
John Philips, 1676-1708, 'Splen-
did Shilling.'
Thos. Parnell, 1679-1718, The
Hermit.'
Geo. Farquhar, 167S-1707, Co-
medies.
Matt. Prior, 1664–1721, Poeras.
R. Steele, d. 1729, Drama, Es-
says.
،
Daniel Defoe, 1660-1731, 'Ro-
binson Crusoe.'
Jos. Addison, 1672-1719, 'Spec-
tator,' 'Cato.'
Nich. Rowe, 1673-1718, Tra-
gedy.
J. Vanbrugh, d. 1726, Comedy.
W. Congreve, 1672-1728, Co-
medy.
John Gay, 1688-1732, 'Beggar's
Opera,' Fab.
Mary W. Montague, 1690-1762,
Letters.
៩
1700 John Pomfret, 1667-1703, The 1700 Thos. Rymer, d. 1713, Fœdera.
Choice.'
Robert Blair, 1699-1746, 'The
Grave.'
S. Richardson, 1689-1761, 'Cla-
rissa,' Pamela,' &c.
D. Garrick, 1716-1779, Drama.
S. Foote, 1720-1771, Drama.
R. Dodsley, 1703-1764, Drama.
Jona. Swift, 1667-1745, Satires,
Tales, &c.
I. Watts, 1674-1748, Hymns.
Edw. Young, 1681–1765, ‘Night
Thoughts.'
Alex. Pope, 1688-1744, Poetry.
W. Somerville, 1692-1743, The
Chase.'
•
Allan Ramsay, 1696-1758, 'The
Gentle Shepherd.'
Richard Savage, 1698-1743,
Poems.
FACT.
Jas. Thomson, 1700-1748, 'Sea-
sons.'
C
John Dyer, 1700-1758, Poems.
H. Fielding, 1707-1754, Tom
Jones,' &c.
James Hammond, 1710-1742,
Elegies.
Wm. Temple, 1629-1710, His-
tory.
R. Brady, d. 1700, History of
England.
S. Ockley, 1678-1720, Oriental
History.
Thos. Hearne, 1678-1735, His-
tory and Antiquities.
John Strype, 1643-1737, History
and Antiquities.
Gilbert Burnet, 1643–1715, 'His-
tory of his Times.'
L. Echard, 1671-1730, History
of England.
Thos. Carte, 1686-1754, History
of England.
John Potter, 1674-1747, Anti-
quities.
Sir W. Petty, 1623-1682, Statis-
tics.
Nathanael Hooke, d. 1763, His-
tory of Rome.
C. Middleton, 1683-1750, Life
of Cicero, &c.
John Swinton, 1703-1767, His-
tory, Antiquity.
Lord Lyttelton, 1709-1778, His-
tory, Poems, Divinity.
James Granger, d. 1776, Biog.
Hist. of England.
SPECULATIVE AND SCIENTIFIC.
1600 Brian Walton, 1600-1661, Poly
glot Bible.
Jeremy Taylor, d. 1667, Divinity.
Alger. Sydney, 1617–1683, 'Dis-
course on Government.'
Thos. Browne, 1605-1682, 'On
Vulgar Errors.'
Edmund Castell, d. 1685, Lexico
Heptaglotton.
R. Cudworth, 1617-1688, Meta-
physics.
J. Evelyn, 1620-1706, Sylva.'
H. More, 1614-1687, Theology.
T. Sydenham, 1624-1689, Medi-
cine.
1700
•
W. Sherlock, d. 1689, Divinity.
J. Tillotson, 1630-1694, Sermons,
Archbishop Leighton, 1613-1684,
Divinity.
R. Baxter, 1615-1691, 'Saint's
Everlasting Rest.'
R. Boyle, 1627-1691, Theology,
Chemistry.
John Ray, 1628-1705, Botany,
Natural History.
John Locke, 1632-1704, Meta-
physics.
R. South, 1633-1716, Divinity.
Isaac Newton, 1642-1719, Prin-
cipia.'
J. Flamsteed, 1642-1719, Astro-
nomy.
R. Hooke, 1635-1702, Philoso-
phy.
B. de Mandeville, 1670-1733,
'Fab. of the Bees.'
Edm. Halley, 1656-1742, Astro-
nomy.
Hans Sloane, 1660-1753, Natural
History.
S. Clarke, 1675-1729, Divinity,
Philosophy.
D. Waterland, 1683-1740, Di-
vinity.
R. Bentley, 1661-1740, Divinity,
Philology.
A. Baxter, 1687-1750, Metaphy-
sies.
Lord Bolingbroke, 1672-1751;
Politics, Literature.
G. Berkeley, 1684-1753, Meta-
physics, Ethics.
P. Doddridge, 1701-1751, Di
vinity.
Jas. Bradley, 1692-1762, Astro-
nomy.
F. Hutcheson, 1694-1747, Moral
Philosophy.
T. Sherlock, 1678-1761, Divini-
ty.
C. Maclaurin, 1696-1746, Mathe-
matics.
Earl of Chesterfield, 1694-1773,
Letters.
Eph. Chambers, d. 1740, Cyclo-
pædia.
B. Hoadley, 1676-1761, Pole-
mics.
Bishop Butler, 1692-1752, Di-
vinity.
J. Wesley, 1703-1791, Divinity.
D. Hartley, 1704-1757, Obser-
vations on Man.'
Soame Jenyns, 1704-1787, The-
ology.
W. Warburton, 1709-1779, The-
ology, Criticism.
•
INTRODUCTION.
25
IMAGINATION.
1700 Laur. Sterne, 1713-1768, Tris- 1700
tram Shandy.'
{
W. Shenstone, 1714-1763, Pas-
torals, &c.
W. Collins, 1720-1756, Odes.
H. Brooke, 1706–1783, ‘Fool of
Quality.'
M. Akenside, 1721-1770, Plea-
sures of Imagination.'
Thos. Gray, 1716-1771, Odes,
Elegies.
T. Smollett, 1720-1771, Novels.
R. Glover, 1712-1789, Leoni-
das.'
(
"
O. Goldsmith, 1731-1774, Tra-
veller,'' Vicar of Wakefield.'
W. Mason, 1725-1797, Poems,
Biography.
Thomas Chatterton, 1752-1770,
Poems.
Ar. Murphy, 1727-1805, Drama.
Wm. Cowper, 1731-1800, Poems.
R. Cumberland, 1732-1811, Dra-
ma.
Eras. Darwin, 1732-1802, 'Bo-
tanic Garden.'
Jas. Beattie, 1735-1803, Poems.
R. Ferguson, 1750-1774, Poems.
Geo. Colman, 1733-1794, Come-
dies.
J. Wolcot, (Peter Pindar,) 173S-
1819, Com. Poems.
James Macpherson, 1738-1796,
'Ossian's Poems.'
Robert Burns, 1759-1796, Poems.
J. Home, d. 1808, Drama.
Rich. B. Sheridan, 1751-1816,
Drama.
Ann Radcliffe, 1761-1823, No-
vels.
<
Lord Byron, 1788-1824, Poems.
John Keats, Poems.
P. B. Shelley, d. 1822, Poems.
R. C. Maturin, d. 1824, Drama.
Miss Austin, Novels.
Wm. Goodwin, 1755-1836, No-
vels, Metaphysics.
Walter Scott, 1771-1832, Novels,
Poems.
R. Pollok, 1798-1827, 'Courso
of Time.'
<
Geo. Crabbe, d. 1832, The Bo-
rough,' &c.
Fanny Burney, 1752–1840, No-
vels.
Wm. Beckford, 1760-1844, No-
vels.
Thos. Haynes Bayly, 1797-1839,
Lyrics.
Thomas Hamilton, 1789-1842,
Novels, Travels.
Felicia Hemans, 1794-1835,
Poems.
Barbara Hofland, Novels.
Jas. Hogg, 1782-1835, Poems
and Tales.
Theo. E. Hook, 1788-1841, No-
vels.
FACT.
Sam. Johnson, 1709-1784, Lives
of Poets, Dict., &c.
Jonas Hanway, 1712-1786, Tra-
vels in the East.
John Blair, d. 1782, Chronology.
David Hume, 1711-1776, Histo-
ry of England, Essays, &c.
W. Robertson, 1721-1793, Hist.
of Charles V., &c.
Thos. Warton, 1728-1790, Histo-
ry of England, Poetry, Poems.
H. Walpole, d. 1797, Historic
Doubts,' Royal and Noble
Authors.'
<
J. Moore, 1730-1802, Views of
Society and Manners.'
James Bruce, 1730-1794, Tra-
vels.
W. Gilpin, 1724-1804, Biogra-
phy, Divinity, &c.
E. Gibbon, 1737-1794, Decline
and Fall of Roman Empire.
J. Whitaker, 1735-1808, Hist. of
Manchester, &c.
Edm. Burke, 1730-1797, Ora-
tory.
J. Boswell, 1740-1795, Biogra-
phy.
J. Milner, 1744-1797, Church
History.
Joseph Strutt, 1748-1802, Chro-
nology, Antiquities.
Wm. Jones, 1747-1794, Orien-
talist.
R. Price, 1723-1791, Metaphy.
sics, Divinity.
Wm. Paley, 1743-1805, Philo-
logy.
Richard Porson, 1759-1808, Phi-
lology.
Thos. Beddoes, 1760-1808, Medi-
cine.
N. Maskelyne, d. 1811, Astro-
nomy.
G. L. Staunton, d. 1801, Chinese
Code.
W. Herschel, 1738-1822, Astro-
nomy.
1800 Robert Bloomfield, d. 1823, Far- 1800 J. Maediarmid, 1779-1808, Bio- 1800 Arthur Young, 1741-1820, Agri-
mer's Boy.'
graphy.
Mrs. Barbauld, Poems, Tales.
Charles Burney, d. 1841, 'His-
tory of Music.'
E. D. Clarke, d. 1822, Travels.
C. J. Fox, d. 1796, History.
W. Mitford, History of Greece.
R. Heber, Travels, &c.
Major Rennel, Geography.
Wm. Roscoe, 1751-1831, Life of
Leo X., &c.
Walter Scott, 1771-1832, Histo-
ry, Biography.
SPECULATIVE AND SCIENTIFIC.
Sir Jas. Mackintosh, 1766-1832,
Hist. of England.
Geo. Chalmers, 1742-1825, Po-
litical Annals.
Marsden, 1755-1836, Oriental
Hist. and Travels.
James Mill, 1773-1836, History
of British India.
Robert Morrison, 1782-1834,
Travels, Philology.
1700 J. Jortin, 1698-1770, Divinity,
Criticism.
Lord Kames, 1696-1782, Ele-
ments of Criticism.
R. Lowth, 1710-1787, Divinity,
Philology.
W. Blackstone, 1723-1780, Laws
of England.
Adam Smith, 1723-1790, 'Weulta
of Nations.'
J. Harris, 1709-1780, Philology.
John Hunter, 1728-1793, Medi-
cine.
F. Balguy, 1716-1795, Divinity.
T. Reid, 1710-1796, Metaphysics.
Sir J. Reynolds, 1723–1792, Art.
S. Horsley, d. 1806, Theology.
Jos. Priestley, 1733-1804, Meta-
physics, Chemistry.
Hugh Blair, 1719-1800, Sermons.
J. Horne Tooke, 1736-1812, Phi-
lology.
culture.
A. Rees, 1743-1825, Cyclopædia.
Joseph Banks, 1743-1820, Natu-
ral History.
Dr. Parr, d.1825, Philology.
D. Ricardo, d. 1823, Political Eco-
nomy.
C. Hutton, d. 1823, Mathematics.
J. Playfair, d. 1819, Mathematics.
P. Elmsley, Philology.
T. Wollaston, Chemistry.
Thos. Young, Hieroglyphics, &c.
T. Scott, d. 1821, Divinity.
D. Stewart, d. 1821, Metaphysics.
Vicesimus Knox, 1752-1821, Es-
says.
Malthus, Political Economy.
Wm. Hazlitt, Critic and Essayist.
Francis Jeffrey, 1773-1849, E-
says, Criticism.
Archbishop Magee, d. 1831, Di.
vinity.
Sir Humph. Davy, d. 1829, Che-
mistry.
Jer. Bentham, d. 1832, 'Princi-
ciples of Legislation.'
Adam Clarke, 1763-1832, Divi-
nity, Criticism.
Arch. Alison, 1757-1839, Essays
on Taste.
Francis Baily, 1774-1844, As-
tronomy, &c.
Bishop Burgess, 1756-1837, The-
ology.
Herbert Marsh, 1758-1839, The
ology.
Thos. Mitchell, 1783-1845, Clas
sic. Critic.
26
INTRODUCTION.
IMAGINATION.
1800 Thos. Hood, Poems, Novels, &c.
Hannah More, 1744-1833, Po-
eins, Tales.
Jane Porter, 1776–1850, Novels.
Wm. Wordsworth, 1770-1850,
Poems.
Robert Southey, 1774-1843,
Poems.
Lady Blessington, 1789-1849,
Novels.
Charles Lamb, 1775-1834, Po-
ems, Essays.
S. T. Coleridge, 1773-1834,
Ethics, Poems.
L. E. Landon Maclean, 1804
1838, Novels and Poems.
Thos. H. Lister, 1801-1842, No-
vels, &c.
William
Maginn, 1793-1842,
Tales and Poems.
Marryat, 1792-1847, Novels.
John Galt, 1779-1839, Novels.
Wm. H. Ireland, Shaks. Forge-
ries.
Lady Morgan, b. 1783, Novels.
Jas. Morier, b. 1780, Novels.
Thomas Campbell, 1777-1844,
Poems.
John Banim, 1800-1842, Novels.
Hen. F. Cary, 1772–1844, Trans.
Dante, &c.
FACT.
1800 Jas. Grahame, History of United
States.
John Gillies, 1747-1836, History
of Greece.
Basil Hall, 17SS-1844, Travels
and Voyages.
Wm. Hone, 1779-1842, Every
Day Book.
R. & J. Landor, 1834, Travels in
Africa.
Southey, 1774-1843, Biography.
Wm. Beckford, 1769-1844, Tra-
vels.
Arch. Alison, History of Europe.
Thos. Arnold, 1795-1842, His-
tory of Rome.
Thos. D. Fosbrooke, 1770-1842,
Archæology.
Thos. McCrie, 1772-1835, Life
of Knox.
Sir John Malcolm, History of
Persia and India.
I. D'Israeli, 1766-1848, Curiosi-
ties of Literature.
The following may be named as among the best
manuals in the department of History, Divinity, Mo-
ral and Political Philosophy, Voyages, and Travels.
I. The History of England. Our favourite history
is the *
'Pictorial," published by Messrs. Charles
Knight & Co., 11 vols., with Index vol., imp. 8vo.,
1849-50; from B. C. 55 to A. D. 1846.
SPECULATIVE AND SCIENTIFIC.
For the occurrences of the memorable days of
the Commonwealth, we have Harris's Charles I. and
Cromwell, Neal's History of the Puritans, Claren-
don's History of the Rebellion, May's History of
Parliament, and the works of Whitlocke, Hutchinson,
Prynne, Holles, Ludlow, &c. If we wish to see how
those subjects have been treated by modern writers,
we have Ilume and Catherine Macaulay as the apolo-
gists of the Stuarts and of the Republicans, respect-
ively, and the works of Godwin, Foster, and Carlyle.
The following historical works should be carefully
read: Burnet's Own Times, Hearne's History and
Antiquities, Strype's Ecclesiastical History, Echard's
History of England, the mine of curious erudition in
Carte's History of England, and the Life of the Duke
1800 Robert Mudie, 1777-1842, Soien-
tific Miscellanies.
Sir E. Brydges, 1762-1837, Mis-
cellanies.
Wm. Cobbett, 1762-1835, Poli-
tics, &c.
J. Dalton, 1766-1844, Chemistry.
J. F. Daniel, 1790-1845, Chem.
Sydney Smith, 1777-1845, Theo-
logy, Essays, &c.
John Bonnycastle, d. 1821, Ma-
thematics.
Thomas Chalmers, Theology and
Political Economy.
John Leslie, 1832, Mathemati-
cian.
J. C. Loudon, 1783-1843, Botany,
Agriculture, Architecture.
John Bell, 1763-1825, Anatomy
and Physiology.
Olinthus Gregory, 1774-1841,
Mathematics and Religion.
Robert Hall, 1764-1831, Ser-
of Ormonde,-Granger's Biographical History of
England, Keightley's History of England, Sir James
Mackintosh's History of the Revolution of 1688,
Hallam's Constitutional History, Miller's George III.,
Croly's George IV., Mr. Macaulay's Commencement
of the History of England from the Accession of James
II., and Smyth's Lectures on Modern History.
We have given our opinion as to the merits of this
compilation, when treating of the works of J. Petit
Andrews, (q. v.)
For a knowledge of the History of America, the
reader should consult Robertson's America, Botta's
Revolution, Irving's History of Columbus and his Fol-
As regards earlier histories, Hall's History of the lowers, Prescott's Conquest of Mexico, and Conquest of
Houses of York and Lancaster, Leland's English An- Peru, Burke's European Settlements in N. America,
tiquities, Cavendish's Life of Wolsey, Hollingshed's and his Speeches on America, Grahame's, Hildreth's,
Chronicles, Buchanan's History of Scotland, Stowe's and Bancroft's History of the United States, Sparks's
Chronicles, Camden's Britannia and Reign of Eliza- Life and Writings of Washington, Franklin, and Mor-
Deth and James I., Daniel's History of England, ris, Sparks's American Biography, first and second
Speed's History of Great Britain, Hayward's English | series, Ramsay's Life of Washington, American Revo-
History, Spelman's Antiquities, Lord Bacon's Henry lution, Marshall's Life of Washington, Washington
VII., Lord Herbert's Life of Henry VIII., Fuller's Irving's ditto, Holmes's Annals of America, Flint's
Church History and Worthies of England, and Ba- History of Mississippi Valley, Theodore Irving's Con-
ker's Chronicles afford sufficient materials to the most quests of Florida, and the works of John Adams,
enthusiastic lover of historic lore.
Hamilton, John Jay, John Q. Adams, Jefferson, Cal-
houn, Benton, Webster, Colton's Life of Clay, the pa-
pers in the Federalist, Davis's Life of Burr, &c. The
works of Catlin and McKenney, Hall and Schoolcraft,
on the North American Indians, should not be neglected.
The History of British India will be found in the
works of Orme, Cambridge, Mills, Martin, Malcolm's
Life of Clive, Gleig's Memoirs of Hastings, the trial
of Warren Hastings in the works of Burke, &c.
II. Among Commentators upon the Holy Scriptures,
may be mentioned Doddridge, Patrick, Lowth, Whit-
by, Macknight, D'Oyly, Mant, Henry, Gill, Scott,
Clarke, Burkitt, Robinson, Home, Barnes, Addison,
Alexander, Turner, Bush, and the valuable manuals
of Biblical Bibliography of Horne, Orme, Williams,
and Bickersteth. The English language is exceed
mons.
Sir Chas. Bell, 1781–1824, Anato-
my and Physiology.
INTRODUCTION.
27
ingly rich in sterling divinity. Of these it may be
sufficient to mention Taylor, Hooker, Chillingworth,
Mede, Barrow, Pearson, Usher, Hall, Penn, Barclay,
Tillotson, Stillingfleet, Bull, Waterland, Clarke, Sher-
lock, Warburton, Secker, Jortin, Lowth, Leslie, Owen,
Hammond, Leland, Lardner, Doddridge, Watts, Lati-
mer, Edgeworth, Seed, South, Sherlock, Porteus,
Horsley, Paley, Edwards, Dwight, Gisborne, Robert
Hall, Forster, Chalmers, and Jay.
III. Among Manuals of Devotion, will be found the
Holy Living and Dying of Jeremy Taylor, Private
Thoughts of Bishop Beveridge, Reflections on the
Holy Spirit by Allix, Scott's Christian Life, Nelson's
Fasts and Festivals, the Whole Duty of Man, the
Ladies' Calling, and the Companions to the Prayer
Book by Cumber, Wheatley, and Sparrow. Jenks,
Bean, Cotteril, Blomfield, Hicks, Downington, Jay,
and others, also published works upon this most im-
portant branch of literature.
IV. In Voyages and Travels, the voluminous collec-
tions of Pinkerton, Hakluyt, Kerr, and Porter, and
the narratives of Humboldt, Warburton, Hall, Lyell,
Beckford, Hobhouse, Valentia, Barrow, Murray, Gar-
diner, Davis, Gutzlaff, Langdon, Russell, Kohl, Laing,
Howitt, Heber, Head, Combe, Buckingham, Marti-
neau, Frazer, Gray, Egerton, Fellowes, Rennell,
Layard, Kinnear, Long, Burnes, Buck, Robinson,
Cramer, Lindsay, Wilson, Wordsworth, Eustace, Ste-
phens, Bayard Taylor, Frémont, Wilkes, Kane, Lynch,
and others, will serve to profitably beguile many a
long winter evening. See Pycroft's Course of Eng-
lish Reading, and Dibdin's Library Companion.
V. In Moral Philosophy, Paley has been highly com-
mended; but his theory of expediency is radically un-
sound. Dymond's Elements of Christian Morality we
consider the best work of the kind in the language.
Chalmers's Bridgewater Treatise, Mackintosh's Dis-
sertation on the Study of Ethical Philosophy, Beat-
tie's Principles of Moral Science, Abercrombie's Phi- |
Stephen.....
THE HOUSE of NormaNDY,
William I……….. Obtained the Crown by Conquest.|1066
William II………. 4th son of Will. I..
Henry I....... Youngest son of Will. I...
Henry II.....
Kichard I.....
John.....
Henry III....
Edward I..
Edward II……..
Edward III…..
Richard II....
As we have frequently occasion to refer to the reigns of different English sovereigns without specifying
dates,-temp. Edward II., temp. Henry II., &c., the following table of the Kings and Queens of England
(from Pulleyn's Etymological Compendium) will prove of great service to the reader.
TITLE
Henry V.
Henry VI.....
Edward V....
Richard III...
The House of Lancaster.
Henry IV.....| Son of John of Gaunt, 4th son of
Ed. III....
Eldest son of Hen. IV.
Only son of Hen. V..
THE HOUSE OF BLOIS.
3d son of Stephen, Earl of Blois,
by Adela, 4th daughter of Will. I.1135
THE HOUSE of York.
Edward IV... His grandfather, Richard, was son
of Edmund, 5th son of Ed. III.;
and his grandmother, Anne, was
great-grand-daughter of Lionel,
3d son of Ed. Ht..
Eldest son of Ed. IV,
Younger brother of Ed. IV.
Length:
Acces. Died. Age.! of
Reign.
L
1087
1100
1057 60 21
1100 43 13
1135 6S 35
35
10
THE HOUSE oF PLANTAGENET.
Son of Geoffrey Plantagenet, by
Matilda, only daughter of Hen. 1.1154 1189 56
Eldest surviving soù of Hen. II...1189 1199 41
6th and youngest son of Hen. 11... 1199 1216 49 17
Eldest son of John..
1216 1272 66
Eldest son of Hen. III..
1272 1307
1307 1327
11327 1377 65
Eldest surviving son of Ed. I…….
Eldest son of Ed. H…………….
Son of the Black Prince, eld. son
of Ed. III...
1377 1400 33
1154 49
1399
1413
1413 46
1422 34
1422 1471 19
1461 1483] 42
148 1483
1483 1483
19
六​二​忆
​RECAVAS N
56
35
20
50
22
14
9
39
22
losophy of the Moral Feelings, Butler's Works, Foster's
Essays on Decision of Character, Mason on Self-
Knowledge, and the works of Whewell and Moore,
should be carefully studied.
VI. In Political Economy, the works of Adam Smith,
Bentham, Mill, Ricardo, Malthus, McCulloch, Marti-
neau, Carey, Bishop Potter of Penn., E. Peshine Smith,
Newman, Brougham, Alison, Jones, Whately, &c.,
will give the reader an insight into this vastly impor
tant, though till lately much misunderstood, subject.
The Histories of Banking, by Hardcastle, Gilbart,
Lawson, Bell, Gallatin, Gouge, &c., are useful works
See a list of choice works in Biography, Bibliography,
and Belles-Lettres, in the Preface to this volume, and
see Index.
We have now pursued the subject to a sufficient
extent for this part of our work. The reader will
see, by a reference to the Index of Subjects, that we
have mentioned but a very few of the books noticea
in our Dictionary.
|
We have, however, thought it well, in the preced-
ing pages, to group together under their appropriate
divisions, a number of works, many of which (in the
Historical department, for instance,) are not well
known to the ordinary reader. Full justice has been
done to the extent of our ability to these, and the
other departments of literature, in the succeeding
pages of this. volume. The author is not willing to
doubt that the anxious labour of years which he has
zealously bestowed upon this work, upon which the
rising and the setting sun have so often found him
employed, will be abundantly rewarded by its fruits.
If he shall induce any to discover. in Literature, a
solace in sorrow, a companion in solitude, a safeguard
to morality, an incentive to virtue, and a guide to the
immortal spirit in its aspirations after the good, the
true, and the holy, he has served his generation and
so far answered the ends of his being.
Henry VII....
Henry VIII…..|
Edward VI…….
Mary..
Elizabeth....
Charles I.....
Interregnum….
Charles II………
James II………….
William III ….
TITLE
THE HOUSE OF STUART.
James I....... Son of Mary Queen of Scots, grand-
daughter of James IV. and Mar-
garet, eldest daughter of Hen.
VII.
Mary
Anne.
THE HOUSE OF TUDOR.
His father was Edmund, eldest son
of Owen Tudor and Queen Cathe-
rine, widow of Hen. V.; aud his
mother was Margaret Beaufort,
great-grand-daughter of John of
George II.....
George III....
George IV....
William IV
Victoria………………
1603
Only surviving son of James I....1625
Eldest son of Charles I....
1660
Only surviving son of Charles I..1685
Son of Will, of Nassau, by Mary
daughter of Charles I……….
Eldest daughter of James II..
Daughter of James II...
THE HOUSE OF HANOVER.
George I...... Eldest son of the Duke of Hanover,
by Sophia, daughter of Fred. V.,
King of Bohemia, and Elizal eth,
daughter of James I…….
Only son of George I..
Grandson of George II.
Eldest son of George III.
3d son of George III.
Daughter of Edward, Duke of Kent,
4th son of George III..
Gaunt
1485
Only surviving son of Heu. I]………… 1509
Son of Hen. VIII by Jane Seymour 1547
Daughter of Hen. VIII. by Cath. of]
Arragon
1553
Daughter of Hen. VIII. by Anne
Boleyn....
1558
Acces.Died. Age. of
Length
Keiga.
1080
1702
1509 52 24
154755
1553 16
38
1558 42
5
1603 69 45
1625 58
1619 48
10
1694 92
1714
Ho Ka& N
22
24
1685 54 25
1702 67
1702) 51 13
6
19 12
1714
1727
1760
18:00 82
1830 68
1830 1837 72
1820
1837 Whom God Preserva.
42827
1727 67
13
1760 77 33
$0
DICTIONARY
OF
British and American Literature and Authors.
ABB
Abbot, Abiel, D.D., 1770-1828, a native of Andover,
Mass., graduated at Harvard College in 1787, accepted a
pastoral charge at Haverhill about 1794, at Beverly about
1802. He was the author of, 1. Letters from Cuba, Bos-
ton, 1829. 2. Artillery Election Sermon, 1802. 3. Ser-
mons to Mariners, 1812. 4. Address on Intemperance,
1815. 5. Sermon before the Salem Missionary Society,
1816. 6. Sermon before the Bible Society of Salem, 1817.
7. Convention Sermon, 1827.
"Dr. Abbot was very courteous and interesting in social inter-
course, and was eloquent in preaching."
See Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.; Flint's Serm.; Sketch in
a Letter from Cuba.
Abbot, Charles, D.D., F.L.S., Vicar of Oakley
Raynes, Bedfordshire; author of, 1. Flora Bedfordiensis,
1798. 2. A Monody on the Death of Lord Nelson, 1805.
3. Sermon on the Death of Horatio, Lord Nelson, 1806.
4. Parochial Divinity, or Sermons on Various Subjects,
1807.
Abbot, Charles, Lord Colchester, 1757-1829, was the
son of the Rev. John Abbot, D.D., Rector of All-Saints,
Colchester; educated at Westminster School, and Oxford.
In 1795, he became M.P. for Halston, and Speaker of the
House, Feb. 10, 1802. In 1813, he defeated the Roman
Catholic Bill in committee. For fifteen years he held the
office of Speaker H.C., and on his retirement was created
Baron Colchester. He was the author of an essay On the
Use and Abuse of Satire, Oxf., 1786. Speech in the Com-
mittee of the House of Commons on the Catholic Question,
1813.
Abbot, Charles, Lord Tenterden, 1762-1832, one of
the Judges in the Court of King's Bench. Having been
so long accustomed to the Bench, his lordship exbibited
in his last moments a striking instance of the tenacity of
the "ruling passion." The members of his family were
gathered around him, to discharge the last sad offices of
kindness, when he was observed to move his hand along
the pillow, as if in the act of writing, and directly after-
wards, he was heard to exclaim, almost in his official tone,
"Gentlemen of the jury, you may retire;" he then closed
his eyes, and expired. Author of, 1. Rules and Orders on
the Plea Side of the Court of King's Bench, &c., 1795.
2. Jurisprudence and Practice of the Court of Great Ses-
sions of Wales on the Chester Circuit, London, 1795, 9
vols. 3. Treatise on the Law relating to Merchant Ships
and Seamen, in four parts, 1802. The seventh edition of
The seventh edition of
this work, edited by Wm. Shee, was published London,
1844; Boston, 1846; eighth Lond. edition, 1847, royal Svo.
"This book is a legal classic of high character, and is frequently
cited upon questions of Commercial Law not altered by statute.
It is equally distinguished for practical good-sense, and for exten-
sive and accurate learning, remarkably compressed, and appropri
ately applied. Chancellor Kent made it the basis of the forty-
seventh lecture of his Commentaries upon American Law. There
have been five American editions of the work; but those of 1810
and 182), enriched with notes and references to American cases
by Mr. Justice Story, are the most valuable, except the late edition.
In the fourth American edition, (1829.) now out of print, the
learned annotator recast the notes and added many new ones. A
new American edition has just been published. (1846,) containing
the notes of Story and Shee, together with notes of American deci-
sions, by J. C. Perkins, Esq. This edition is the most desirable
one for the American lawyer. Abbot's was the first English trea-
tise devoted exclusively to the law of shipping. In 1819, the
work was translated into Portuguese. The late English edition
by Shee is well spoken of. 13 Ves. 599: 3 Kent's Com. 250; 9 Legal
Observer, 276; 1 Angell's Law Intelligencer, 73; 1 A. J. 321; 4
Jurist, 642."-Marvin's Legal Bibliography.
ABB
Sixth American edition, with additional annotations by
J. C. Perkins, Boston, 1850; seventh edition, royal Svo.
"This is truly a magnificent volume, of more than a thousand
pages, containing the treatise of Lord Tenterden, or Mr. Abbot, as
he is better known, with the additions of Sergeant Shee, and the
notes of Judge Story and Mr. Perkins. In all that relates to the
mechanical execution. table of cases, index, annotations. and ap-
pendix. this is incomparably the best edition of Abbot on Ship-
ping. that has ever been published."—Law Reporter.
↓
Abbot, George, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1562 -
1633, was a native of Guildford, Surrey. Anthony Wood
tells us, at the time he wrote the life of Robert, the brother
of George, that the house where these brothers, afterwards
so distinguished, were born, was occupied as an ale-house,
bearing the sign of the Three Mariners; it was situate l
by the river's side, near to the bridge, on the north side
of the street, in St. Nicholas's parish. Their father, a
cloth-worker, evinced a laudable zeal for their welfare by
having them instructed in the Free School of their native
place, and then sending them in succession to Baliol Col-
lege, Oxford. The two boys, thus benefited by paternal
care, lived to reward this fatherly interest by the eminence
and usefulness to which they both attained. Robert be-
came Bishop of Salisbury, and George, the subject of our
memoir, Archbishop of Canterbury. George entered Ba-
liol College in 1578; became a Fellow in 1593; took his
degree of D.D. in 1597, and was chosen in the same year
Principal of University College. He was installed Dean
of Winchester in 1599, and the year following was chosen
Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford, to which he
was again elected in 1603, and in 1608. Dr. Abbot was
one of the eight Oxford divines to whom was committed
the duty of translating the New Testament, (with the ex-
ception of the Epistles,) when the version by command of
King James was undertaken in 1604. Wood speaks highly
of his erudition:
·
"He was also a learned man, and had his erudition all of the
old stamp. The things that he hath written show him to be a
man of parts, learning, vigilance, and unwearied study, though
overwhelmed with business.”—Athen. Ozon.
When an effort was made in 1608 to effect a union between
the national churches of Scotland and England, Hume, Earl
of Dunbar, and Dr. Abbot were despatched to Scotland to
further this object. An arrangement was made by which
the bishops were to be perpetual moderators in the diocesan
synods, and had the power of presentation to benefices,
and of deprivation or suspension.
and of deprivation or suspension. The preferment which
rewarded Abbot's successful management of this delicato
business, is the best evidence of the approbation with
which he was regarded by his royal patron. The bishopric
of Lichfield and Coventry became vacant in 1609 by tho
death of Dr. Overton, and Dr. Abbot was appointed his
successor. In the next month he was translated to the
see of London, vacant by the death of Dr. Thomas Ravis;
and Archbishop Bancroft dying in 1610, Bishop Abbot was
raised to the archiepiscopal see of Canterbury.
It is not improbable that he owed his advancement as
much to his adulation of his royal master-whose love of
flattery is well known as to the real merit which he un-
questionably possessed, and his sincere attachment to the
Protestant cause, in which his parents had suffered consi-
derably. In the preface to one of his pamphlets, the fol-
lowing specimen of ridiculous flattery occurs;-speaking
of the king, he says:
"Whose life hath been so immaculate, and unspotted, &c., that
even malice itself, which leaves nothing unsearched, could never
29
ABB
ABB
find true blemish in it, nor cast profitable aspersion on it. Zeal-house at Guildford.-Howel's Letters, p. 123. However,
us as a David; learned and wise, the Solomon of our age; reli- after the decision of the commission, he returned to Lam-
Ķi us as Josias; careful of spreading Christ's faith as Constantine
the Great; just as Moses; undefiled in all his ways as a Jehosha- beth, and resumed his functions. A monthly fast and £20
phat and Hezekiah; full of clemency as another Theodosius.”
per annum to the widow proved the sincerity of his grief.
After much ill health, which for a season caused a suspen-
sion of the discharge of his episcopal duties, he regained
his health in a great measure, as is proved by the following
anecdote, extracted from a MS. letter in the British Mu-
It would also appear, from a letter of King James's to
Abbot, first published by Dean Sherlock, that his ideas of
regal power were little likely to give offence even to such
a prince as James; nevertheless Abbot could sometimes
oppose the will of his sovereign with great decision and
firinness, and his moderation in the exercise of his high
functions recommended him greatly to the Puritan and
popular party. He strenuously promoted the projected
match between the Elector Palatine and the Princess
seun :
"One day the last week, my lord of Arundel, and his son, my
lord Maltravers, having espied my lord of Canterbury's coach on
Barnsted Down, coming towards theirs, before they came a butt's
length short of it, both their lordships alighted, and went a great
pace towards his grace's coach, who, when they were approached,
said, What! and must my lord Marshal of England take so great
pains to do me so much honour? Were my legs as good as my
heart, I should have met your lordships the better half of the
way.' Then my lord of Arundel replied," It might well become an
earl Marshal to give so much respect to an Archbishop of Canter-
bury. His grace, by his diet, hath so moderated his gout, as it is
now rather an infirmity than a pain. He looks fresh, and enjoys
his health, and hath his wits and intellectuals about him." So
that, if any other prelate do gape after his benefice, his grace, per
haps, according to the old and homely proverb, [may] cat of the
goose which shall graze upon his grave."-Harl. MSS., 7600.
His grace was never married, and seems to have had a
natural antipathy to women. One day, (as Fuller tells us
in his Appeal, &c.) returning in his coach to Croydon,
from which he had been some time absent, many people,
most women, some of good quality, partly from curiosity
and novelty, crowded around his coach to see him. The
archbishop, unwilling to be gazed at, and never partial to
females, exclaimed, somewhat churlishly, "What makes
these women here?" "You had best," said one of them,
(C shoot an arrow at us. The archbishop died at Croydon
on Sunday, August 4, 1633. His remissness in matters of
church discipline has been much censured.-Rose's Biog.
Dict.; L'Estrange's Charles I.
Elizabeth, and performed their nuptial ceremony, on the
14th of February, 1612.
It was acceptable news," says Neal, "to the English Puritans,
to hear of a Protestant prince in Bohemia; and they earnestly de
sired his majesty to support him, as appears by Archbishop Ab
Let's letter, who was known to speak the sense of that whole
arty. This prelate being asked his opinion as a privy councillor,
while he was confined to his bed with the gout, wrote the follow-
Ing letter to the secretary of state:-That it was his opinion, that
the elector should accept the crown; that England should support
him openly; and that as soon as news of his coronation should
arrive, the bells should be rung, guns fired, and bonfires made to
let all England see that the king was determined to countenance
him. The archbishop adds, It is a great honour to our king to
bave such a son made a king; methinks I foresee in this the work
of God, that by degrees the kings of the earth shall leave the
whore to desolation. Our striking in will comfort the Bohemians,
and bring in the Dutch and the Dane, and Hungary will run the
same fortune. As for money and means, let us trust God and the
Parliament, as the old and honourable means of raising money.
This from my bed, (says the brave old prelate,) September 12, 1619,
and when I can stand, I will do better service.
> >>
"The affair of the divorce of the Lady Essex, has been consi-
dered one of the greatest blemishes of James's reign. The king
referred the matter to a court of delegates, consisting of bishops
and civilians, which he expected would decide in favour of the
divorce; but the archbishop boldly resisted the measure, and sen-
tence was given in the lady's favour. On another occasion, the
archbishop set himself against the views and wishes of the king
and court, when these ran counter to a higher allegiance which he
owed. Happening to be at Croydon, in 1618, on the day when the
king's proclamation permitting sports and pastimes on the Sab-
bath, was ordered to be read in all churches, he forbade it to be
published in the church of that place.”—Cunningham's Biog. His-
lory of England.
A
เ
In 1621, whilst taking a journey into Hampshire, the arch-
bishop was invited by Lord Zouch to hunt in Bramhill Park. Pre-
tending to be a woodman, he took up a crossbow to make a shot
at a buck, but unhappily hit the keeper, who had run in among
the herd of deer, to bring them up to a fairer mark. The arrow
pierced the left arm, and dividing the large axillary vessels,
caused instantaneous death. He never spake after,' says Fuller,
as the person, still alive at Croydon, who brought off his body,
Informed me.' This untoward event caused the greatest conster-
nation—the like had never happened in the Church of England;
It was a sore affliction to many good men, who lamented the scan-
dal which must by this untoward accident inevitably fall upon
the church; for in the eye of general councils, and the canon law,
the archbishop was wonderfully tainted, and made incapable of
performing any sacred function. By the common law, his personal
estate was forfeited to the king, who graciously sent him a letter
under his own hand, that he would not add affliction to his sor-
row, nor take one farthing from his chattels and movables.'
HLACKET, p. 65. But the scandal brought upon the church was
not so readily removed; it was a subject of discourse in the foreign
universities. and after three several disputations, was declared by
the Sorbonnists to amount to a positive irregularity. To add to
the difficulty, four bishops elect were waiting for their consecra-
tion:-Dr. Williams, elect of Lincoln; Dr. Davenant, of Salisbury;
Dr. Cary, of Exeter; Dr. Laud, of St. David's; all of whom, except
Davenant, who was under personal obligations to the archbishop,
scrupled to have his hands laid upon them, and declined his con-
secration: not out of enmity, or superstition. (says IACKET, p. 66,)
but to be wary, that they might not be attainted with the conta
gion of his scandal, and uncanonical condition. To determine the
question. and settle men's minds, the king directed a commission
on the 3d of October, to the Lord Keeper, (Williams,) the Bishops
of London, (Montague.) Winchester, (Andrews.) and Rochester,
(Buckeridge:) to the elects of Exeter, (Cary.) and St. David's,
Laud:) Sir Henry Hobart, lord chief justice of the Common Pleas;
Sir John Doddridge, one of the justices of the King's Bench: Sir
Henry Martin, dean of the arches; and Dr. Steward, a civilian.
The three following questions were submitted to their decision:-
1. Whether the archbishop were irregular by the fact of involuntary
homicide? The two judges and two civilians held the negative;
the others held that he was irregular, except Bishop Andrews, who
(
said that he could not conclude so. 2. Whether the act might tend
to a scandal in a churchman ? Bishop Andrews, Sir H. Hobart, and
Dr. Steward, doubted. The rest concurred that there might arise
from such an accident, 'scandalum acceptum non datum. 3. Ilow
the archbishop should be restored in case he should be found irregular?
All agreed that it could be no otherwise than by restitution from
the king: but they dissented in the manner of its being done.
But though the archbishop was thus absolved. Williams and
the others still scrupled at receiving consecration from his hands,
and the king therefore permitted them to be otherwise conse
crated.”—Se Biog. Brit.
The archbishop petitioned the king to be permitted to
rotiro and spend the remainder of his days at his own alms-
·
"J
For further particulars respecting this prelate, the reader
is referred to the recorded opinions of his contemporaries,
Hacket, Fuller, Osberne, Clarendon, Sanderson, Goodman,
Heylin, and others; also to L'Estrange's "Reign of King
Charles," and the Biographia Britannica.
When Grotius was sent to England upon behalf of the
"Remonstrants," he does not seem to have made a very
favourable impression upon the archbishop, who draws no
flattering picture of the great scholar in a letter to Sir
Ralph Winwood. (See Biog. Britannica.) Some extracts
from this curious epistle will not be uninteresting to the
reader.
"At his first coming to the king, by reason of his good Latin
tongue, he was so tedious, and full of tittle-tattle, that the king's
judgment was of him, that he was some pedant, full of words, and
of no great judgment. And I myself discovering that to be his
habit, as if he did imagine that every man was bound to hear him,
so long as he would talk. (which is a great burthen to men replete
with business.) did privately give him notice thereof, that he
should plainly and directly deliver his mind, or else he would
make the king weary of him. This, one would think, would prove
a sufficient hint to the garrulous Hollander to repress his loqua-
city, but it seems otherwise. Afterwards he fell to it again, as was
especially observed one night at supper, at the Lord Bishop of
Ely's. whither being brought by Mr. Casaubon, (as I think,) my
lord intreated him to stay to supper, which he did. There was
present, Dr. Steward, and another civilian, unto whom he flings
out some question of that profession, and was so full of words,
that Dr. Steward afterwards told my lord, that he did perceive by
him, that like a smatterer, he had studied some two or three ques-
tions, whereof when he came in company, he must be talking to
vindicate his skill; but if he were put from those, he would show
himself but a simple fellow."
What a character of the great Grotius! He seems to
have been a kind of ancient Coleridge, without the patient
audience, and remarkable power of attraction, which that
cminent conversationist so often enjoyed. The hospitable
prelate of Ely seems to have been as much overwhelmed
with the tide of talk as were the guests:
"My lord of Ely, sitting still at the supper all the while, and
wondering what a man he had there. who, never being in the place
or company before, could overwhelm with talk for so long a time.”
The archbishop was the author of the following works:
1. Quæstiones Sex, totidem Prælectionibus in schola The-
ologica Oxoniæ pro forma habitis discussæ et disceptate,
Anno 1597; in quibus e Sacra Scriptura et Patribus Anti-
quissimus quid statuendum sit, definit, Oxon. 1598, 4to.
Franckfort, 1616, 4to, published by Abraham Sculetus.
2.
Exposition on the Prophet Jonah, by way of Sermon,
Oxford, 1600, 4to. These sermons were received with great
applause, and were reprinted in 1613. 3. A preface to the
examination of George Sprot. The reasons which Dr.
Hill hath brought for the upholding of Papistry, Oxon.
1604, 4to. 4. Sermon preached at Westminster, at the
Funeral of the Earl of Dorset, 1608, 4to. 5. Translation
of a part of the New Testament, with the rest of the Ox
30
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ford Divines, 1611. 6. Geography, or a Brief Description
6. Geography, or a Brief Description
of the Whole World, wherein is particularly described all
the Monarchies, Empires, and Kingdoms of the same, with
their Academies, London, 1617, 4to; 1636, 1642, 12mo;
1664, 8vo; numerous editions. 7. A Short Apology for
Archbishop Abbot, touching the death of Peter Hawkins.
8. A Treatise on the Visibility and Succession of the true
Church in all Ages, London, 1624, 4to, (anon.) 9. Narra-
tive, containing the true Cause of his Sequestration and
Disgrace at Court, in two parts, written at Ford in Kent,
1627. 10. Judgment on Bowing at the Name of Jesus,
Hamb., 1632, 8vo. 11. History of the Massacre in the
Valtoline. (See Fox's Acte.) 12 Answer to the Questions
of the Citizens of London, concerning Cheapside Cross, in
January, 1600, not printed until 1641. 13. The Case, &c.,
as debated in England anno 1613, in the Trial between
Robert Earl of Essex, and the Lady Frances Howard; re-
printed in London, 1715, 12mo. We also refer the reader
to the Life of Dr. George Abbot, Lord Archbishop of Can-
terbury, reprinted with some additions and corrections
from the Biographia Britannica, with his character by the
Rt. Hon. Arthur Onslow; A Description of the Hospital
which he erected and endowed, in his native town of
Guildford in Surrey; Correct Copies of the Charter and
Statutes of the same; his Will, &c. To which are added
the Lives of his two Brothers, Dr. Robert Abbot, and Sir
Thomas Maurice Abbot, Guilf. 1777, Svo. The exposi-
tion on Jonah
"In genuine worth is, to many works of a like kind, as the solid
weight to the small dust of the balance."-Eclectic Review.
}
Abbot, George, 1604-1648, nephew of the preceding.
Elected probationer fellow of Merton College, Oxford,
1624. He married a daughter of Colonel Purefoy, of
Caldecote-hall, Warwickshire, and defended the colonel's
house, by the help of his servants only, against Princes
Rupert and Maurice, with eighteen troops of horse. He
wrote, 1. The whole Book of Job paraphrased, London,
4to, 1640. 2. Vindicia Sabbati, or an answer to two trea-
tises of Mr. Broad, London, 1641, 4to. 3. Brief Notes
upon the whole Book of Psalms, London, 1651, 4to. He
died February 4, 1648.
Abbot, Henry, Lecturer of St. John's the Baptist,
Bristol. Author of, 1. County Feast, a Sermon on Psalm
cxxxiii. 1, Bristol, 1703. 2. The Use and Benefit of Church
Music, towards quickening our Devotion; on Psalm lxxxi.
Music, towards quickening our Devotion; on Psalm lxxxi.
12, 1724.
Abbot, Henry. The Transport's Monitor. London,
1805.
Abbot, Hull, a minister of Charlestown, Massachu-
setts, graduated at Harvard College, 1720, ordained Feb-
ruary 5, 1724, and died April 19, 1774, aged 80 years. He
published the following sermons:-1. On the Artillery
Election, 1735. 2. On the Rebellion in Scotland, 1746.
3. Against Profane Cursing and Swearing, 1747.
Abbot, John, author of a poem entitled Jesus Pre-
figured; or a Poeme of the Holy Name of Jesus. Per-
missu Superiorum, 1623, 4to, dedicated to Prince Charles.
Nassau's Sale, No. 136, 16s.
Abbot, John, many years a resident of Georgia. The
Natural History of the rarer Lepidopterous Insects of
Georgia. Edited by Sir J. E. Smith, London, 1797, with
104 coloured plates; published at £21.
“A sumptuous work, but in little estimation, as the plates are
not considered accurate.”—Lowndes.
|
|
Abbot, Robert, 1585–1653, was originally of the
University of Cambridge; incorporated Master of Arts of
Oxford, July 14, 1607. Works: 1. Serm. on Psalm xxxi.
21, Lon., 1626. 2. Four Serms. on Judges, Matthew, and
1 Timothy, Lon., 1639. 3. Trial of our Church Forsakers
against Brownists, Loň., 1639. 4. Milk for Babes: a Cate-
chism, with three Serms., Lon., 1646. 5. Serms., entitled
The Young Man's Warning Piece, Prov. iv, 19, 1662.
Abbot, Robert, of Huntfield.
tiones de Gratia et Perseverantia Sanctorum, Lon., 1618;
Frank., 1619. 4. De Suprema Potestate Regia, contra Bel-
larminum et Suarez, Lon., 1619. 5. A very complete Com-
mentary on the Romans, in MS., now in the Bodleian
Library.Rose's Biog. Dict.
}
"There was about the same time a Robert Abbot of Hunt-ld,
mentioned by Dr. Pulteney as a learned preacher and an excellent
and diligent herbalist, who assisted the celebrated Johnson in his
works."-Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Probably the author of A Christian Family, builded by
God, or Directions for Governors of Families, on Psalm
Cxxvi. 1, Lon., 1653.
Abbot, T. Eastoc. Peace; a Lyric Poem, Lon., 18iL
Abbot. Designs for Coaches, &c., Lon., 1763.
Abbott, Benj. V., b. 1830, Boston; Austin, b. 1821,
Boston; and Lyman, b. 1835, Roxbury, Mass. These
three brothers, sons of Jacob Abbott, are engaged in the
practice of law in New York City. They are authors of
several legal works published under their copartnership-
name, “Abbott Brothers." Admiralty Reports, 1 vol.;
N. York Practice Reports, 6 vols., (still continued:) Forms
also published an edition of Sedgwick on Damages, with
of Pleading under the New York Code, 1 vol. They have
Notes; and have contributed numerous legal articles to
Livingston's Law Mag., Hunt's Merchant's Mag., The Young
Men's Mag., and other periodicals. The novel Conecut
Corners, written in support of the policy of prohibitory
temperance-laws, and published under their nom de plume,
"Benanly," (under which they have made many contri-
butions to current literature,) is also the joint production of
these brothers.
Abbott, Rev. Jacob, b. 1803, at Hallowell, Maine,
graduated at Bowdoin College, 1820. Mr. Abbott's prin-
cipal works are The Young Christian, The Corner-Stone,
Way to do Good, The Teacher, Hoary Head and McDonner,
Summer in Scotland, A Series of Histories of Celebrated
Sovereigns, and a large number of juvenile works, such as
The Rollo Books, 28 vols.; The Franconia Stories, 10 vols.;
Marco Paul's Adventures, 6 vols.; Harper's Story-Books,
36 vols.; The Little Learner Series, 5 vols., &c. These works
have had an extensive circulation in this country, and havo
nearly all been republished repeatedly, and in many different
into various foreign languages both in Europe and Asia.
forms, in England. Many of them have been translated
Sir John Williams remarks of "The Young Christian,"
"I have seldom seen a religious publication so striking and sc
adapted for usefulness.”
C
"Jacob Abbott's last work, The Way to do Good,' will, I think,
please you very much. It is delightful to read a book so good and
so sensible.—so zealous for what is valuable, so fair about what is
indifferent."-The late Dr. Arnold, in a letter to Sir Thomas Parley.
THE LIFE OF MARY. QUEEN OF SCOTLAND.-This is the first of a
series, and promises well for the whole."-Lon, Athen.
THE LIFE OF HANNICAL THE CARTHAGENIAN is written in the
same easy style that characterizes the author's other compilations."
-Lom. Athenæum.
Abbott, Major James, of the Bengal Artillery. 1.
Abbot, Robert, 1560-1617, elder brother to the Arch- T'Hakoorine; a Tale of Maandoo, Lon., 12mo. 2. Nar-
bishop, was educated at the same school with his brother. rative of a Journey from Heraut to Khiva, Moscow, and
Upon an oration made by him, on the day of Queen Eliz- St. Petersburg; 2d ed., 2 vols. Svo. See Lon. Obs., Dec. 9,
abeth's inauguration, he was chosen scholar of Baliol 1855, and Lon. Econ., Nov. 17, for commendatory notices.
College. In 1594, he obtained some celebrity as an author
Abbott, Rev. John S. C., brother of Rev. Jaenk
by a book which he published against a Romanist, entitled Abbott, b. 1805, at Brunswick, Maine, graduated at Bowdoin
The Mirror of Popish Subtilties, &c. In 1597, he was College, 1825, and at the Theological Seminary in Andover,
made a doctor of divinity; in 1601, he published The Mass., 1829. His principal works are The Mother at
Exultation of the Kingdom and Priesthood of Christ, Home, first pub. 1833; The Child at Home; Kings and
being a collection of Sermons on the first part of the 110th Queens; the Histories of Marie Antoinette. Josephine,
Psalm. King James I. was so much pleased with Dr. Mad. Roland, Cortez, Henry IV. of France. King Philip,
Abbot's treatise, "Antichristi Demonstrati contra fabulas Sovereign Chief of the Wampanoags: these six vols.
Pontificius et ineptam Rob. Bellarmini de Antichristo dis- constitute Abbott's Historical Series. The History of Na-
putationem," that he commanded his own Commentary on poleon Bonaparte, 2 vols. r. Svo, profusely illustrated. This
the Apocalypse to be appended to the second edition of
work has been very severely criticized,-with what justice
this treatise, which was published in 1608, Svo. In 1615, must be referred to the judgment of the intelligent reader.
he was promoted to the see of Salisbury, and died March
All of these works have had a very extensive sale. The
2, 1617. Dr. Abbot also published, 1. A defence of the Mother at Home has been translated into nearly all the
Reformed Catholic of Mr. William Perkins, 1606, 1607, languages of modern Europe, and has been republished in
and 1609, to which work he added a particular treatise, Asia and Africa. It is considered one of the best exposi-
entitled, The true ancient Roman Catholic. 2. Antologia tions of the important responsibilities of which it treats.
contra apologiam A. Endæmon Johannem, London, 1613, Napoleon at St. Helena, Svo; Confidential Correspond-
to, containing much curious information on the Gun-
ence of Napoleon and Josephine; History of the French
powder Plot. 3. Lectures under the title of Excercita- | Revolution.
1
ABD
ABE
A respectable authority thus commends Mr. Abbott's arguments are formed with little attention to vigour, wo must re-
Mother at Home:
member that he wrote for many who cannot appreciate a course
of reasoning that is not conducted in a popular manner.”—North
American Review.
"There has never before, perhaps, issued from the press a work
so important to mothers as the one before us. It takes such esti
mates of the maternal character as are overwhelming in their so-
lemnity. The author has shown himself a master of his subject,
and he has treated it with equal delicacy and force.”—London
Evangelical Magazine.
Abdy, E. S. 1. Cases of Diseases cured by Cold Water,
Lon., Svo. 2. Residence and Tour in U.S., 1833, 34, 3 vols.
p. Svo.
|
Abdy, Stotherd, Archdeacon of Essex. 1. A Sermon
before the Sons of the Clergy, 1759. 2. A Sermon at a
School Feast, 1763. 3. Sermon preached at the Assizes
holden at Chelmsford, before the Hon. Mr. Baron Perrot,
1773.
Abdy, T. A., Rector of Thoydangarnon. A Sermon
preached before the Epping Troop of West Essex, Y. C.,
1797.
Abdy, Wm. Jervis, Rector of St. John's, Southwark.
The British Christian's Duty to make Prayers and Suppli-
cations for the King in the Day of Trouble, a Sermon,
Psalm xx. 1-4, London, 1812.
Abdy, Mrs., an English lady, favourably known as a
contributor to the periodical literature of the day. A vol-
ume of her poems has been printed for private circulation.
Her writings are deserving of high praise for their reli-
gious spirit and grace of style.
A Becket, Gilbert Abbott. See BECKET, p. 152.
A Becket, St. Thomas. See BECKET, p. 152.
Abeel, David, 1804–1846, b. New Brunswick, N.J., a
missionary of the Dutch Reformed Church to the East. 1.
Journal of a Residence in China, 1829-33. 2. Missionary
Convention at Jerusalem, 1838, N. York, 12mo. 3. The
Claims of the World to the Gospel. See Memoirs, by Rev.
G. R. Williamson, 1849.
Abel, Clark, M.D., 1780-1826, principal medical officer
and naturalist to the embassy of Lord Amherst to China in
1816. Personal Observations made during the Progress of
the British Embassy through China, and on its Voyage to
and from that Country, in the Years 1816-17, 1818, 4to.
This work, valuable as it is, would have been much fuller
had not many of the doctor's papers been lost in the "Al-
ceste" on her return voyage.
public calamity. He studied in Edinburgh, and took his
degree there on June 4, 1803. He became a Fellow of the
Royal College of Surgeons in 1805. On the decease of the
celebrated Dr. Gregory, in 1821, he began to occupy the
most prominent position as a practising and consulting
physician not only in Edinburgh, but in all Scotland.
"The writings of Dr. Abercrombie contribute no less to the esta
blishment and maintenance of his fame than his very useful career
as a practical member of his profession.'
.,
Abercrombie, Patrick, M. D., 1656-1720, born at
Forfar, in Angus. His principal work was The Martial
Achievements of the Scots Nation, Edinburgh, 1711-15,
of which Lowndes says:
|
"In this work, which is characterized by no ordinary degree
of purely scientific knowledge, he also gave an indication of the
bent of his genius to the study of mind and its relations to the
boly."
2. Pathological and Practical Researches on the Diseases
of the Intestinal Canal, Liver, and other Viscera of the
domen, Edin., 1828, Svo. Ilis Inquiries concerning the In-
tellectual Powers was published in 1830, The Philosophy
of the Moral Feelings in 1833.
"The first volume abounds in the marvellous, but the second is
valuable on account of its accurate information respecting the
British history in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Rox-
burgh, £5. 7. 6."
"On the whole, this work [Intellectual Powers] must be con-
■idered as containing much useful information. If some of his
Abercromby, David, a Scotchman, the author of a
number of medical works, published from 1684–87.
Abercromby, David, supposed to be the same as the
preceding, wrote, 1. Protestaney to be embraced, or a Me-
thod to reduce Romanists from Popery to Protestancy,
London, 1682. 2. A Moral Discourse on the power of
Interest, London, 1690–94, and 1744.
Aberdeen, George, Earl of. An Inquiry into the
Principles of Beauty in Grecian Architecture, Lond., 1822.
Aberdour, Alexander. Observations on Small Pox,
&c., Edinburgh, 1791.
Abernethie, Thomas, sometime a Jesuit. 1. Ab-
juration of Popery, Edinburgh, 1638. 2. His Speech,
wherein is discovered the Villany and Hellish Plots,
wrought in the Pope's Court, against these our Three King-
doms, London, 1641.
Abel, Thomas. See ABLE.
"For solidity of argument, strength and clearness of reasoning,
and justness of sentiment, the Discourses on the Attributes are
Abell, John, an English musician. A Collection of equal. if not superior, to any thing of the kind in the English lan
guage.”—Protestant Preacher.
Songs in several Languages, London, 1701.
Abell, Mrs. L. G. Gems by the Wayside, N. York,
12mo. The Skilful Housewife's Book, N. York, 12mo.
Abercrombie, John, 1726-1806, a Scotchman, who
wrote many works on Horticulture. IIis first work, the
Gardener's Calendar, was published in the name of Mr.
Mawe, gardener to the Duke of Leeds. For this loan of
his name, Mr. Mawe received a gratuity of twenty guineas.
Abercrombie published fourteen works on his favourite
subject, the most important of which was The Universal
Gardener and Botanist, or a General Dictionary of Gar-
dening and Botany, exhibiting in botanical arrangement,
according to the Linnean System, every Tree, Shrub, and
Herbaceous Plant that merits Culture, &c., London, 1778.
Abercrombie, John, M. D., 1781-1844, born
Aberdeen. He was deservedly esteemed in his profession,
and equally so as a writer upon Metaphysics. He made
the physician the instructor of the philosopher, and sane-
tified the knowledge of the one and the meditations of the
other by the most fervent piety. With these qualifications
for usefulness, the death of Dr. Abercrombie was indeed u
Abernethy, John, Bishop of Caithness. Christian
and Heavenly Treatise concerning Physicke for the Soule.
London, 1622.
In
These Discourses were published, London, 1740, &c.
Abernethy, John, 1763-1831, Surgeon to St. Bar-
tholomew's Hospital, London, and Teacher of Anatomy
and Surgery. His birthplace is a matter of doubt; either
the town of Abernethy in Scotland, or Derry in Ireland.
He was sixteen years of age when apprenticed to Mr.
(afterwards Sir Charles) Blick, then Surgeon to St. Bar.
tholomew's Hospital. At the age of twenty-two, he was
appointed Assistant Surgeon, and at the death of Sir Charles
Blick he succeeded to the principal post. In 1793, he
commenced his series of physiological and surgical essays,
which in 1797 were combined into an 8vo volume.
1784, he published part of his Surgical Observations, con-
attaining a classification of tumours, with cases to illustrate
the history of each species, &c., and two years afterwards,
of the health in general, and of the digestive organs in
Part Second appeared, presenting an account of disorders
particular, which accompany local diseases and obstruct
their cure.
Constitutional Origin and Treatment of Local Disease,
In 1809, he gave to the public his work on the
lished by him on Diseases resembling Syphilis, and In-
A separate volume was likewise pub-
juries of the Head; as also, (in 1814,) An Inquiry into
Life, in which he embodied the substance of the first two
the Probability and Rationality of Hunter's Theory of
lectures he delivered before the College of Surgeons, as
their professor, and wherein he maintained and illustrated
the doctrines of his great master. He expired at his coun-
His disease
try residence at Enfield, April 20, 1831.
was asthma, (complicated probably with diseased heart,
and on Aneurism.
1. Pathological and Practical Researches on Diseases although he attributed much to the stomach,) and conse-
of the Spinal Cord, Edin., 1828, 8vo.
quent dropsy. His body was not examined, in accordance,
as it is understood, with his own desire. As a surgeon,
Abernethy was surpassed by none of his contemporaries.
Hunter had previously proposed and practised the appli-
cation of ligature on the femoral artery for the cure of
Ab-popliteal aneurism; and this principle was further and
successfully extended by Abernethy to the external iliac
and carotid arteries, in the treatment of the same disease in
some of their offsets. His simple and impressive style of lee-
turing never failed to enchain the attention of his audience;
while a certain degree of dogmatism and contempt of those
Abernethy, John, 1680-1740, born at Coleraine, died
at Dublin, a Presbyterian divine, and noted for his zeal in
the cause of the Protestant religion.
“He was a buruing and a shining light in his day. Polished in
manners, possessing a rich fund of intelligence, with uncommon
powers of conversation, &c., he was esteemed and admired as a
man, in the private intercourse of life.”—JAMIESON,
His Sermons on the Being and Perfections of God were
widely celebrated, as is evinced by the many editions which
have been printed. Four volumes of Posthumous Sermons
were published in 1748, 1751, with a life of the author
prefixed.
32
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♪
who differed from him had too much the effect of render- !
ing his hearers any thing but bumble-minded in their judg-
ment of others. In his writings, as in his lectures, his
style is clear, simple, and concise.-Rose's New Biog. Dict.
His great success in life must be, in a great measure, attri-
buted to his having directed the attention of the public to
the influence of derangement of the organs of digestion
on all the diseases to which flesh is heir. This view of the
subject was not altogether novel, but the profession had
not paid sufficient attention to it. Abernethy always op-
posed, with great zeal, the artificial line of demarcation
drawn between surgery and medicine; he considering the
two sciences as "one and indivisible." Let the reader
imagine a snug, elderly, sleek, and venerable-looking man,
approaching seventy years of age, rather below than above
the middle height, somewhat inclined to corpulency, and
still upright in his carriage, with his hair most primly
powdered, and nicely curled round his brow and temples.
Let them imagine such a person habited in sober black,
with his feet thrust carelessly in a pair of unlaced half-
boots, and his hands deposited in the pockets of his "pe-
culiars," and they have the "glorious John" of the pro-
fession before their eyes.-Physic and Physicians. Aber-
nethy's rudeness of manner is well known, and was a great
blemish in the character of one who really possessed a
most benevolent heart. We subjoin some anecdotes of this
eminent physician, collected from various sources.
His eccentricities disgusted so many patients, that Sir
Astley Cooper used to say, "Abernethy's manner was
worth a thousand a year to him."
Some of his patients he would cut short with-"Sir, I
have heard enough! You have heard of my book?"
"Yes." "Then go home and read it." To a lady com-
plaining of low spirits, he would say, "Don't come to me!
Go and buy a skipping-rope!" Sometimes, however, he
met with his match :-Cutting a gentleman, one day, short,
the patient suddenly locked the door, slipped the key into
his pocket, and protested he would be heard; which so
pleased Abernethy, that he not only complied with the
patient's wishes, but complimented him on the resolute
manner be adopted.
He was a great enemy to prolix explanations on the part
of his patients. "People come here," he would often say,
"to consult me, and they will torture me with their long,
foolish, fiddle-de-dee stories; so we quarrel; and then they
blackguard me all about this busy town; but I can't help
that." A lady, determined to treat him after his own
fashion, having in some way injured her thumb, on enter-
ing his room, merely thrust it out towards him, with- My
thumb, sir!" "You, madam," said he, "are the only sen-
sible woman I ever had for a patient."
"
The Duke of W——, having insisted on seeing him out
of his usual hours, abruptly entered his parlour one day;
he asked him how he got into the room. "By the door,"
was the reply. "Then," said Abernethy, "I recommend
you to make your exit by the same way.' He refused to
attend George the Fourth until he had delivered his lecture
at the hospital; in consequence of which he lost a royal
appointment.
,,
·
The following is a list of his works:-1. Surgical and
Physiological Essays, London, 1793-97, three parts. ?
Surgical Observations, containing a Classification of Tu.
mours, with cases to illustrate the History of each Species.
An account of Diseases which strikingly resemble the Ve-
nereal Disease, and various Cases illustrative of different
Surgical Subjects, London, 1804. 3. Surgical Observa-
tions, Part Second, containing an Account of the Disorders
of the Health in general, and of the Digestive Organs in
particular, which accompany Local Diseases, and obstruct
their cure. Observations on the diseases of the Urethra,
particularly of that part which is surrounded by the Pros-
tate Gland: and observations relative to the Treatment
of one species of the Nævi Maternæ, London, 1806, 1816.
The four following articles may be considered as an en-
larged edition of this and the preceding: 4. Surgical Ob-
servations on the Constitutional Origin and Treatment of
Local Diseases, and on Aneurisms, London, 1809; third
edition, 1813. 5. Surgical Observations, Part Second,
containing Observations on the Origin and Treatment of
Pseudo-syphilitic Diseases, and on Diseases of the Urethra,
London, 1810. 6. Surgical Observations on Injuries of
the Head, and other Miscellaneous Subjects, London, 1810.
7. Surgical Observations on Tumours, and on Lumbar Ab-
scess, London, 1811. This and the preceding are intended
to form two volumes. 8. An Inquiry into the Probability
and Rationality of Mr. Hunter's Theory of Life, being the
subject of the first two Anatomical Lectures before the
Royal College of Surgeons, London, 1814. 9. The Intro-
ductory Lecture for the year 1815, exhibiting some of Mr.
Hunter's Opinions respecting Diseases; delivered before
the Royal College of Surgeons, London, 1815. 10. Phy-
siological Lectures, 1817. Surgical Works, a new edition,
1815. 11. An Account of a singular Disease in the Upper
Maxillary Sinus. Trans. Med. et Chir. 2p. 309, 1800. 12.
Account of Two Instances of Uncommon Formations in
the Viscera of the Human Body. Phil. Trans., 1793, Abr.
18p. 295. 13. Observations on the Foramen Thebesii of
the Heart.
the Heart. Phil. Trans., 1798, Abr. 18p. 287. 14. Some
Particulars in the Anatomy of the Whale. Phil. Trans.
IV. 1796, Abr. 18p. 675. The celebrated "My Book," to
which he was so fond of referring his patients, was the
"Surgical Observations, &c." (See Nos. 2 and 3 above.) He
thus addresses a patient, "Well, sir, as to the question of
diet, I must refer you to my book. There are only about
a dozen pages, in which you will find (beginning at page
72) all that is necessary for you to know. I am christened
'Doctor My-Book,' and satirized under that name all over
England; but who would sit and listen to a long lecture
of twelve pages, or remember one-half of it when it is
done? So I have reduced my directions into writing, and
there they are, for anybody to follow, if they please."
The reader should procure Mr. George Macilwain's Me-
moirs of John Abernethy, with a view of his Writings,
Lectures, and Character, London, 2 vols., p. Svo. 1853.
On Abernethy's receiving the appointment of Professor
of Anatomy and Surgery to the Royal College of Physi-
cians, a professional friend observed to him that they
should have something new. "What do you mean?"
asked Abernethy. "Why," said the other, "of course you
will brush up the lectures which you have been so long de-
livering at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and let us have
them in an improved form." "Do you take me for a fool
or a knave?" rejoined Abernethy. "I have always given
the students at the hospital that to which they were enti-
tled--the best produce of my mind. If I could have made |
my lectures to them better, I would certainly have made
them so. I will give the College of Surgeons precisely the
same lectures, down to the smallest details; nay, I will tell
the old fellows how to make a poultice." Soon after, when |
he was lecturing to the students at St. Bartholomew's, and
adverting to the College of Surgeons, he chucklingly ex-
claimed, "I told the big wigs how to make a poultice."
It is said, by those who have seen it, that Dr. Abernethy's
explanation of the art of making a poultice was irresisti-
bly entertaining. His hobby retained full possession of
his mind to the end of his life. He attributed, as we have
seen, his disease in a great measure to the stomach. He
said, “It is all stomach: we use our stomach ill when we
are young, and it uses us ill when we are old.”
He wrote for Dr. Rees's Cyclopædia the anatomical and
physiological articles, from the letter A to the word Canal;
ef which that on Artery is considered the most important.
—Georgian Era; "Physic and Physicians.”
60
Abernethy's memory is worthy of a good biographer, and hap
pily it has found one. Mr. Macilwain writes well: and, evidently,
in giving the history of his deceased friend he executed a labour
of love."-London Standard.
Abingdon, Earl of. See BERTIE, WILLOUGHBY.
Abingdon, or Abington, or Habington, Thomas.
Antiquities of the Cathedral Churches of Chichester and
Litchfield, London, 1717. Reprinted under the title of
Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Worcester, to which
are added the Antiquities of the Cathedrals of Chichester
and Litchfield, London, 1723.
Abington, William. See HABINGTON.
Able or Abel, Thomas, an English divine, executed
at Smithfield, temp. Henry VIII., 1540. The title which
follows sufficiently explains the offence given to the king;
to which Able added the still further provocation of de-
nying the king's supremacy in matters ecclesiastical:
1. Tractatus de non dissolvendo Henrici et Catherina
matrimonio, Invicta Veritas. An Answer that by no man-
ner of means it may be lawful for the King to be divorced
from the Queen's Grace, his lawful Wife. The king did
not, as in the case of Luther, attempt to confute Dr. Able
by polemical arguments, but this being a question where
the sword was likely to be more powerful than the pen,
his majesty brought into requisition a logie which has
never failed to silence-if not convince. Dr. Able's rea-
soning may have been perfect, but he argued at a disad
vantage. Between a syllogism and an axe the contest is
unequal. The king gained his point, for he was divorced,
and remarried; while good Dr. Able sealed his testimony
at Smithfield.
Abrabanel, Solomon. Complaints of the Children
of Israel, &c., London, 1736. This refers to the Test Act
3
33
ABR
ADA
Abraham, J. H.. Juvenile Essays, &c., London, 1806.
Acca, died 740. In the course of his numerous writ-
ings, Bede introduces the names of several of his literary
friends, most of whom, as we learn from other sources,
were eminently distinguished for their learning and virtues.
Many of the most important of his commentaries on the
Scriptures were composed at the desire of Acca, Bishop
of Hexham, and dedicated to that prelate. Acca was a
man of considerable learning, and great piety; he had re-
ceived his first instructions among the congregation of
scholars assembled around Bishop Bosa, and he quitted
their society to place himself under Wilfred, who ordained
him a presbyter. He continued to be one of Wilfred's
most faithful followers until his death, accompanied him
on his last journey to Rome, (where he finished his studies,)
and was chosen to succeed him in the see of Hexham.
Bede describes the zeal with which he laboured to adorn
and enlarge his church, and to enrich it with "a most
ample and noble library." In 731, when Bede completed
his history, Acca is mentioned as still holding the bishop-
ric of Hexham; but soon afterwards, in 732 or 733, he was
driven from it for some cause now unknown. He seems
to have retired to Whitern, (Candida Casa,) where he re-
mained a few years. The date of his death is uncertain;
but the best authorities place it on the twentieth of Oc-
tober, 740, when his body was carried to Hexham, to be
buried in the church which owed to him so much of its
beauty. Bale and Pits have so far misunderstood the
words of Bede, as to attribute to Acca a collection of lives
of the saints whose relics were deposited in the church of
Hexham, and a treatise, "De ecclesiasticis sui chori offi-
ciis." On the same authority also, Leyser places the name
of Acca in the list of medieval Latin poets. Leland speaks
as having seen a collection of his letters, one of which,
addressed to Bede, is still preserved, in which he urges
that scholar to devote his learning to the illustration of
the Scriptures.-Abbreviated from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Accum, Frederick, 1769-1838, born at Westphalia,
teacher of practical chemistry, pharmacy, and mineralogy,
London. 1. System of Theoretical and Practical Che-
mistry, plates, 2 vols., 1803. 2. A Practical Essay on the
Analysis of Minerals, exemplifying the best methods of
analyzing ores, earths, stones, inflammable fossils, and mi-
neral substances in general, 1804. 3. A Manual of Ana-
lytical Mineralogy, intended to facilitate the Practical
Analysis of minerals, 2 vols., 1808. 4. A Practical Trea-
tise on Gas-lights, exhibiting a summary Description of the
Apparatus and Machinery best calculated for illuminating
streets, houses, and manufactories, illustrated with seven
coloured plates, 1815. 5. Chemical Recreations.
5. Chemical Recreations. 6. A
Practical Essay, or Chemical Re-agents, or Tests, illus-
trated by a series of experiments, 1816. 7. Chemical
Amusements, comprising a series of curious and instructive |
Experiments in Chemistry, 1817. In addition to these
works, Mr. Accum was the author of many contributions
to Nicholson's Journal.
Achard. Remarks on Swallows, &c., Phil. Trans.
Achard. Treatises on Chemistry, 1784.
Achard, F. C. Cultivation of the Beet; Phil. Trans.
Acherley, Roger. 1. Britannic Constitution; or,
The Fundamental Form of Government in Britain, demon-
strating the original contract entered into by the King and
People, Lon., 1727. 2. The Free Parliament, 1731, 8vo. 3.
Reasons for Uniformity in the State: being a Supplement
to the Britannic Constitution, 1780, Svo.
Achesone, James. Military Garden, Edin., 1629.
Ackin, Joseph. Mysteries of Counterfeiting, 1696.
Ackland, J. True Patriotism, 1818.
Ackland, J., a political economist. An Answer to a
Pamphlet published by Edward King, Esq., in which he at-
tempts to prove the Public Utility of the National Debt; a
confutation of that pernicious doctrine, and a truc state-
ment of the real cause of the present high price of pro-
visions, 1796.
Ackland, Thomas Gilbank, of St. John's College,
Cambridge, author of Miscellaneous Poems, 1812. Two
Sermons, published 1789, 1813.
Ackworth, George, LL.D, an English divine and
civilian, temp. Queen Mary. He assisted Archbishop
Parker in his Antiquitates Britannica, and wrote against
the Roman Catholic Church. His works were published,
1562, 1573, 1577.
Acland, Hugh Dyke. A Brief sketch of the History
and Present Situation of the Vaudois, 1925.
Acres, Joseph. Author of sundry sermons, London,
1714-28.
Acryse, L. Church Catechism explained, Lond., 1702.
Acton, E. de. Published sundry novels, 1803-10.
Acton. Fruit from Canaan, London, 1709.
Acton, George. Medical writer, published London,
1668-70.
Acton, Henry. Six Lecturos on the Dignity, Office,
and Work of our Lord Jesus Christ. In explanation of
Unitarian views of the Gospel, 12mo., London, 1830.
Acton, J. Contributor to Nich. Journal.
Acton, S. Published sundry sermons, 1714-17.
Acton, T. Herman, of the Middle Templo. Reports
of cases argued and determined before the Commissioners
of Appeals in prize causes; also, an appeal to the king in
Council, concerning the judgments in June, 1809, vol. i.,
part i., 1809: vol. i., part ii., 1811.
Acton, W. A new Journal of Italy, Lond. 1691,1794.
Acton, William, late Surgeon at Islington Dispensary.
Diseases of the Urinary and Generative Organs in both
Sexes: Non-Specific Diseases; Syphilis, Lon., Svo; 2d ed.
Aculeus. Letters on the Cow-Pox, 1805.
Adair. A Sketch of the Character of the late Duke
of Devonshire, London, 1811.
Adair, James, died 1798, Sergeant-at-Law, M.P.
1. Thoughts on the Dismission of Officers for their con-
duct in Parliament, 1764. 2. Observations on the Power
of Alienation in the Crown, 1768. 3. Discussions of the
Law of Libels, 1785.
Adair, James, a trader and resident among the
North American Indians for 40 years. He published the
History of the American Indians, particularly those na-
tions adjoining the Mississippi, East and West Florida,
South Carolina, Georgia, and Virginia, London, 1775.
Mr. Adair espouses the opinion that the North American
Indians are descended from the Hebrews.
Adair, James Makittrick, M.D., 1728-1802, was
born at Inverness. He resided for some time in the West
Indies, and took much interest in the exciting question
of the Abolition of Slavery. His kindness to the slaves
was so marked as to gain their warmest affections. He
was a most determined opponent of quackery, and thereby
became involved in many controversies. Philip Thick-
nesse and Adair, either no mean hand at a quarrel, took
up the cudgels against each other. He wrote a number
of medical and miscellaneous works.
Adair, John. A hydrographer; pub. 1688-1703.
Adair, Robert, M.P. A poetical writer, 1796–1802.
Adair, W. James. A lawyer and native of London,
author of several legal treatises, 1764-1785.
Adair, William. A medical writer, 1793.
Adalard is only known as one of the early biogra-
phers of Dunstan, who probably brought him over from
Ghent, as he states that he was a monk of the same
monastery in which Dunstan had found an asylum during
his exile. He dedicated his Life of Dunstan to Archbishop
Alfheh, at whose desire it was written, and who was
raised to the see of Canterbury in 1006. Adalard's Life
of Dunstan is called in some manuscripts an "Eulogium;"
it is, in fact, rather a commemorative sermon than a his-
tory, and is written in a declamatory style.- Wright's
Biog. Brit. Lit.
Adam, Alexander, LL.D., 1741-1809, Rector of
the High School of Edinburgh. An excellent scholar, as
his works on Ancient Geography and on Roman Antiqui-
ties sufficiently prove. The Summary of Geography and
History was first published, Edinburgh, 1784. Roman An-
tiquities, Edinburgh, 1791. The latter work is preferred
to Dr. Kennet's on the same subject.
Adam, Archibald, M.D. Medical contributor to
Phil. Trans.
Adam, Dean. A Funeral Sermon, 1766.'
Adam, or Adams, James. Practical Essays on
Agriculture, London, 1789, 2 vols., and 1794, 2 vols.
Adam, John. A writer on Mathematics, Londoa,
1794, &c.
Adam, Robert, 1728-1792, an architect of much
note. His father, also an architect, sent him to the Uni-
versity of Edinburgh, where he made the acquaintance of
Hume, Robertson, &c. He went to Italy, and profited by
his diligent observation. Desirous of obtaining a know-
ledge of the habitations of the ancients, in 1757 he
visited, with M. Clerisseau, the ruins of Dioclesian's
palace at Spalatro. The result of this visit was given to
the world in 1764, in Ruins of the Palace of the Emperor
Dioclesian, at Spalatro, in Dalmatia, illustrated with 71
plates. In 1762 he received the appointment of Architect
to their Majesties. In conjunction with his brother, Mr.
James Adam, he published several numbers of a book en-
titled The Works in Architecture of R. and J. Adam.
These contain descriptions of Sion-house, Caen-Wood,
Lecton Park-house, and some edifices at Whitehall, Edic-
✔
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ADA
ADA
burgh, &c., 4 parts, 1773-76. His buildings in Edin-
burgh and Glasgow have been much commended. The
Adelphi and Portland Place in London are specimens of
the taste of Mr. R. Adam. In the former he was assisted
by his brother James, who died in 1794.
Adam, Robert, B.A., Minister of the Episcopal con-
gregation, Blackfriars Wynd, Edinburgh. The Religious
World Displayed, &c., Edinburgh, 1809.
"Generally correct and candid, though with a natural leaning
to the Episcopal Church of Scotland, of which the author was a
member."-Evangelical Mogazine.
Adam Scotus, or the Scotchman, died 1180, was a
monk of the order of Premontré, and a famous Sorbonne
doctor. He wrote the Life of David I. of Scotland, who
lied 1153. Many of his works are still in MS. A selec-
tion was printed in Antwerp in 1659.
Adam De Marisco, (of the Marsh,) date of birth
and death unknown. Born in Somersetshire, England;
studied at Oxford, and became famous for his learning.
He was a friend of Robert Grossteste and Roger Bacon.
Many of his works exist in MS. A copy of his letters,
very curious and interesting, is in the British Museum.
Adam of Murimouth, an English historian of the
fourteenth century, was educated at Oxford, and after-
wards a canon of St. Paul's, London. His history com-
prehends only a portion of the fourteenth century.
"It was printed at Oxford in 1722, by Anthony Hall: and a
small portion was edited by Thomas Hearne, who was ignorant of
its author, and gave it anonymously in the appendix to the Ilis
tory of Walter Hemingford, printed at Oxford in 1731.”—Rose's
Bing. Dic.
Adam, Thomas, 1701-1784, born at Leeds, was for
58 years the rector of Wintringham, Lincolnshire. No
offers of preferment could induce him to relinquish his
charge. He was the author of a number of religious
works. The Exposition of St. Matthew's Gospel was
published in 1805, and in 1837 the Rev. A. Westoby added
to the above the notes on St. Mark, St. Luke, and St.
John, and prefixed to the work a life of the author.
"Perhaps few were better fitted to write a practical experimental
commentary on any part of the Scriptures than this author, whose
pregnant briefness of remark, and deep acquaintance with experi-
mental religion, would preserve him from prolixity, and enable
him to present the most useful view of the subject to the mind.
The present posthumous work will be found characterized by all
the best peculiarities of the author."-Record.
The Rev. Thomas Hartwell Horne, a most competent
judge in the premises, gives this high character to "The
Exposition:"
"Brevity of remark, fervent piety, and intimate acquaintance
with the human heart, characterize this Exposition of the Four
Gospels."
Such a writer as Mr. Adam takes us out of our ordinary track
of reading and reflection. and shows us ourselves. He scrutinizes
the whole soul, dissipates the false glare which is apt to mislead
the judgment; exposes the imperfections of what is apparently
most pure and inviting: and thus teaches us to make our religion
more and more spiritual, holy, solid, practical, humble, and sin-
cere.”—Rev. Daniel WILSON.
•
"This work has been justly pronounced a masterly and excel-
lent exposition.”
pared with three MSS. 6. Acta Sanctorum Junií, tom. ii.,
fol., Antverpiæ, 1698, p. 197. The Life of Columba, re-
printed from Colgan. Abbreviated from Wright's Biog.
Adams, Abigail, wife of John Adams, second Prezi-
dent of the United States of America, and mother of John
Quincy Adams, sixth President of the United States. Her
grandson, Charles Francis Adams, q. r., has published a
collection of her Letters; fourth edition, Bost., 1848, 12mo.
Adams, Amos, 1727-75, minister at Roxbury, Massa-
chusetts, was graduated at Harvard College, 1752. He
published a number of sermons, 1756-69. In two dis-
courses on the General Fast, April 6, 1769, he gave A
Concise Historical View of the Difficulties, Hardships,
and Perils, which attended the planting and progressive
improvement of New England, with a particular Account
of its long and destructive Wars, expensive Expeditions
&c.; republished in London, 1770.
Adams, C. Edgar Clifton, 16mo, 1854; Boys at
Home, 16mo, New York, 1854.
Adams, Charles B., 1814-1853, an American natural-
ist, has published a number of papers on Conchology,
Catalogue of Shells collected at Panama, New York, 1852,
4to and Svo.
Adams, Charles Francis, son of John Quincy
Adams, born 1807, Boston, Massachusetts. Editor "Let-
ters of Mrs. Adams," fourth edition, 1848. Ed. "Letters
of John Adams, addressed to his Wife." Ed. "Life and
Works of John Adams," 10 vols., Svo. Mr. Adams has
rendered great service to American literature, in the pre-
paration of the voluminous and highly-important works
of his grandfather.
Adams, Eliphalet, 1676-1753, a minister of New
London, Connecticut, published sundry sermons, 1709-27.
Adams, Francis. Plans for raising the Taxes.
London, 1798.
Adams, Francis. Writing Tables, 1594.
Adams, George. Several religious works, Lon.
Adams, George, father and son. Lectures, Lon.,
1794, 5 vols. 8vo; new ed., enlarged by William Jones,
1799, 5 vols. Svo. Various treatises on mathematical in-
struments, &c., Lon., 1747-95.
Adams, George. New System of Agriculture and
Feeding Stock. Lon., 1810.
Adams, Hannah, 1755–1832, b. at Medfield, Mass.
Believing that a work upon a comprehensive plan which
should give the history of the various religions of the world
was much wanted, she undertook to compile one,-which
was published under the title of View of Religion, in three
parts: Part 1, containing An Alphabetical Compendium
of the Denominations among Christians; 2, A Brief Ac-
count of Paganism, Mohammedanism, Judaism, and Deism:
3, An Account of the Religion of the Different Nations of
the World. She also wrote: 2. A History of New England.
3. The Evidences of Christianity.
Adams, H. C. 1. New Greek Delectus, Lon.. 12mo;
new ed., 1857. 2. Greek Text of the Gospels. p. Svo. 3.
Latin Delectus, 12mo. 4. First of June, 1856, 12mo. 5.
Greek Exercises. 6. Sivan the Sleeper, 1857, 12mo
Adams, H. G. 1. British Butterflies, Lon., 16mo 2.
Poetical Quotations, 12mo. 3. Sacred Poetical Quotations,
12mo. 4. Favourite Song Birds; 2d ed., 1855, 12mo. 5.
Kentish Coronal, 12mo. 6. Nests and Eggs of British
Birds; 1st and 2d Series, 16mo. 7. Story of the Seasons:
Adam, William, Esq., Chancellor and Keeper of the
Great Scal. The Correspondence between Mr. Adam and
Mr. Bowles respecting the Duke of Bedford, London,
1794. A number of Mr. Adam's speeches in the House
of Commons have been published.
Adamnan is supposed to have been a native of Ire- 2d ed., 1855. Other works.
land, but the date of his birth is not known.
Adams, or Adam, James. Practical Essays cn
Agriculture, Lon., 1789, 2 vols.; 1794.
Adams, James. The Pronunciation of the English
Language vindicated from imputed Anomaly and Caprice.
Edin., 1799; and other works.
Editions of Adamnan's works:-1. Canisii Antiquæ
Lectiones, 4to, 1601, tom. iv. Edward Basnage, fol. Ant-
werp, 1725, tom. i., p. 678. The Life of St. Columba. 2.
Adamanni Scotohiberni Abbatis celeberrimi, de Situ Terræ
Sanctæ, et quorundam aliorum locorum ut Alexandriæ et Adams, John. 1. Index Villaris; or, An Exact Register,
Constantinopoleos, Libri tres. Ante annos nongentos et alphabetically digested, of all the Cities, &c. in England
amplius conscripti, et nune primum in lucem prolati, and Wales, Lon., 1680, 'SS, 1700. 2. The Renowned City of
studio Jacobi Gretseri Societatis Jesu Theologi. Accessit London surveyed and illustrated in a Latin poem; trans-
corundem librorum Breviarium, seu Compendium, brevia-lated into English by W. F., of Gray's Inn, Lon., 1670.
tore venerabili Beda Presbytero, cum prolegomenis et Reprinted in vol. x. of the Harleian Miscellany.
notis. Small Quarto, Ingolstadt, 1619. 3. Messingham,
Florilegium Insula Sanctorum seu Vitæ et Acta Sancto- |
rum Hiberniæ, fol., Paris, 1624, p. 141. The life of St.
Columba, reprinted from Canisius, who edited it from a
MS. at Windberg, in Bavaria. 4. Colgan, Triadis Thau-
maturgæ seu Divorum Patricii, Columbæ, et Brigidæ,
trium veteris et majoris Scotiæ, seu Hiberniæ Sanctorum
insulæ, communium patronorum Acta, fol., Lovanii, 1647,
tom. ii., p. 336. The Life of Columba, from a MS. at
Augst, exhibiting a more complete and better text than
that of Canisius. 5. Acta Sanctorum Ordinis S. Bene- |
dicti. Sæculum III., pars secunda, fol., Paris, 1672.
The treatise De Locis Sanctis, from Gretser's edition, com-
Ādams, John, d. 1719, Provost of King's College,
a native of London, and a very cloquent preacher, pub. a
number of seris., Lon., 1700–16.
Adams, John. The Youg Sea-Officer's Assistant,
both in his Examination and Voyage, 1773.
Adams, John, Master of the Academy at Pultney. A
View of Universal History, 1795. He wrote many other
useful educational works,
Adams, John. Works on Horsemanship, Lon., 1799.
Adams, John. The Young Ladies' and Gentlemen's
Atlas, Lon., 1805.
Adams, John, F.L.S., a writer on Conchology, 1797-
1800.
--
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|
Adams, John, 1704-1740, són of John Adams, of Nova
Scotia, graduated at Harvard College, 1721. A volume of
his poems was published at Boston, 1745. He is stated to
have been the "master of nine languages, and conversant
with Greek, Latin, Italian, French, and Spanish authors."
-Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.
Adams, John, 1735-1826, second President of the
United States of America, was born at Braintree, Mass.
"His father determined to give him a collegiate education, and
placed him in consequence under the care of Mr. Marsh, that he
might be prepared for entrance into the University of Cambridge.
He remained in that institution until the year 1755, when he re-
ceived his Bachelor's degree, and, in 1758, that of Master of Arts.”
In 1765, he published in the Boston Gazette several
pieces, which were reprinted in London, in 1768, by Mr.
Thos. Hollis, and called by him A Dissertation on Canon
and Feudal Law. He also wrote certain pieces for the
Boston Gazette, under the anonymous signature of Nov-
anglus, which were inserted in Almon's Remembrancer.
These papers were afterwards collected and pub. in Lon-
don, in a pamphlet entitled A History of the Quarrel be-
tween Great Britain and the American Colonies; A Defence
of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of
America against the attack of Mr. Turgot in his letter to
Dr. Price dated March 22, 1778, Lon., 1787, 'SS. This work
was reprinted by Stockdale in 1794, who prefixed to it the
title of History of the Principal Republics of the World.
"This is both a learned and a judicious work. The writings of
Mr. Adams are less known in this country than their merit de-
mands.”—Rose's New Biog. Dict.
Discourses on Davila: a Series of Papers on Political
History, by an American Citizen, Bost., 1805. This work
was compiled from articles in the Gazette of the United
States written by Mr. Adains in 1790. For a complete list
of Mr. Adams's pamphlets, &c., see Life and Works of John
Adams, second President of the United States; edited by
his grandson, Charles Francis Adams, 10 vols. 8vo, 1850–56.
· The collection is edited by the Hon. Charles Francis Adams, the
depositary of all the manuscripts as well of John Adams as of his
father, the late John Quincy Adams, and is intended as the first of
two great publications elucidating the history of the rise and
progress of these United States from the year 1761, in which the
Revolutionary struggle first began, down to the year 1848, when
the younger Adams died."
..
"Of the writings of our Revolutionary worthies none have been
presented to the public with so much ability, care, and good faith
as those of John Adams. The main portion of the labor devolved
on Charles Francis Adams, who has devoted to it several years, and
has set an example of thorough research and sound judgment
which cannot be too highly commended."-DR. RUFUS W. GRISWOLD.
“A contribution to the materials of American history not second
in importance and interest to any of the great publications with
which it is most obviously to be compared.-N. Amer. Rev.
Letters to his Wife, Bost., 1841, 2 vols. 12mo. See ADAMS,
CHARLES FRANCIS.
Mr. Adams and Mr. Jefferson, by a remarkable conci-
dence, expired on the same day, July 4, 1826, the anni-
versary of American Independence, which they both had
so large a share in promoting.
Adams, Captain John. Sketches taken during two
Voyages to Africa, &c., Lon., 1833, Svo.
A valuable little work."—LOWNDES.
Adams, John Couch, b. 1817, Cornwall, Eng., a dis-
tinguished astronomer, contrib. many valuable papers to
Mem. Ast. Soc., Phil. Trans., &c.
Adams, Rev. John Greenleaf, b. 1810, Portsmouth,
New Hampshire. Practical Hints to Universalists. Chris-
tian Victor. Edited and contrib. to "Our Day; a Gift for
the Times." Also, in connexion with Rev. E. H. Chapin,
The Fountain, a Gift for Temperance; and Hymns for
Christian Devotion. Editor of Gospel Teacher, &c.
Leyden, and a part accompanying Mr. Dana on his
mission to St. Petersburg, acting as Secretary and French
interpreter. Again he was sent to Europe, in 1795, on 'a
public mission to Holland. From thence he was trans-
ferred to Berlin, where he passed four years, in the last of
which he made a journey through Silesia. Ilis letters were
collected by Mr. Asbury Dickens and published without
authority in London in 1804. They were trans. into Ger
man by F. G. Friese, with remarks by F. A. Zimmerman,
and pub. at Breslau, 1805; trans. into French by J.
Paris, 1807. Mr. A. trans. the work of Frederick de Gentz,
Dupuy,
entitled The Origin and Principles of the American Revo-
lution compared with the Origin and Principles of the
French Revolution, Phila., Svo. He also trans. Wieland's
Oberon, MS. Of his numerous productions the principal
are A Report on Weights and Measures made to Congress,
Wash., 1818, 8vo; Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory, Camb.,
2 vols. 8vo; Dermot McMorrogh, an Historical Tale, Bost.
1832, Svo; Letters on the Masonic Institution, 1847, Svo
Eulogies on Madison, (1836,) Monroe, (1831,) and La Fa-
yette, (1834;) Jubilee of the Constitution, N. York, 1837.
See Memoir of the Life of J. Q. Adams, by Josiah Quincy,
LL.D., Bost., 1858. A collective ed. of Mr. Adams's works
is promised by his son, Charles Francis Adams.
Adams, Jonas, a writer on law, 1593.
Adams, Joseph, M.D., 1756-1818, an able physician
and teacher of the Institutes and Practice of Medicine. He
pub. twelve treatises, &c. of a professional nature, Lon.,
1795-1816. See Life of John Hunter.
Adams, Joseph, of N. Hampshire, 1719-1783, pub.
some serms., 1757, &c.
Adams, John Quincy, 1767-1848, sixth President
of the United States, was b. July 11, at Quincy, Mass., son
of John Adams, second President of the U. States. At the
age of ten he accompanied his father to Europe, and, under
his eye, prosecuted his studies during the greater part of
the ensuing ten years, being part of the time at school in
Adams, Matthew, d. 1753, of Boston, Massachusetts,
wrote some fugitive essays.
wrote some fugitive essays. Dr. Benjamin Franklin ac-
knowledges his obligations for access to his library.
|
Adams, Nehemiah, D.D., b. 1806, Salem, Mass., set-
tled in Boston.
tled in Boston. 1. The Baptized Child. 2. Remarks on
the Unitarian Belief. 3. Life of John Eliot. 4. South-
Side View of Slavery, 12mo. 5. Friends of Christ in the
New Testament, 1853. 6. Christ a Friend. 7. Communion-
Sabbath. S. Agnes and the Little Key. 9. Bertha and
her Baptism. 10. Assurance of Faith: being a Sermon
preached before the Massachusetts Convention of Congre-
gational Ministers. 11. Truths for the Times: a Series of
Tracts. 12. Catherine; or, The Early Saved, 1858. Various
pamphlet sermons. Contrib. to Spirit of Pilgrims, Lit
Theol. Rev., Bibliotheca Sacra, &c.
Adams, John. 1. The Doctrine of Equity: being a
commentary of the law as administered by the Court of
Chancery, Lon., Svo; 3d Amer. ed., with the Notes and
References to the previous ed., by J. R. Ludlow and J. M.
Collins; and Additional Notes and References to recent
English and American Decisions, by Henry Wharton,
Phila., 1855, 8vo. The text-book at Cambridge Law-thore, 1589.
School, William and Mary College, Cincinnati Law-
School, University of Virginia, University of Mississippi,
&c. See COLLINS, JOHN M. 2. Treatise on the Principles
and Practice of the Action of Ejectment, Lon., 8vo; with
Amer. Notes and Precedents, by J. L. Tillinghast and T.
W. Clerke; with Additional Notes, by Wm. Hogan and T.
W. Waterman, N. York, 1854, 8vo.
-
Adams, Q., a writer on Longitude, Lon., 1811.
Adams, R. N., D.D. The Opening of the Sealed Book
of the Apocalypse shown to be a Symbol of the Future Ro-
publication of the Old Testament, Lon., 1838. See Church
of Eng. Quar. Rev., Oct. 1838.
Adams, Rice, a theological writer, 1708-1736.
Adams, Richard. True and Terrible Relation from
Maltravis, in Malaga, Lon., 1648.
Adams, Richard, d. 1684, a Non-Conformist divine,
educated at Cambridge; expelled for Non-Conformity, 1662.
He compiled the Notes on St. Paul's Epistles to the Philip
pians and Colossians in Phole's Bible, and assisted his
brother, Thomas Adams, in some other works.
Adams, Robert. Expeditionis Hispanorum in Ang-
liam, vera Descriptio, anno 1588, Roberto Adamo, Au-
Adams, Robert, b. Hudson, N. York. Narrative of
Robert Adams, a sailor, who was wrecked on the Western
Coast of Africa in 1810, was detained three years in slavery
by the Arabs of the Great Desert, and resided several months
in the city of Timbuctoo. Pronounced an imposition by the
N. Amer. Rev., vol. v., 1817.
"A curious, marvellous, but authentic narrative."-LowNDES.
Adams, S. Elements of Reading, Lon., 1781.
Adams, Samuel, D.D., pub. some serms., 1716.
Adams, Samuel, 1722-1803, Governor of Massa-
chusetts, graduated at Harvard College, 1740. He wroto
a number of political essays.
Adams, Sarah Flower, d. 1848, a musical composer;
authoress of works collected under the title of Adoration,
Aspiration, and Belief. She wrote some poetical pieces and
criticisms.
Adams, T. Democracy Unveiled, Lon., 1811.
Adams, T. History of the Town of Shaftesbury, 1809.
Adams, Thomas. Serm. on Rev. xxii. 12, 1660.
Adams, Thomas, a theological writer, pub. 1613-33.
Adams, Thos., d. 1670, wrote in opposition to the Es-
tablished Ch. of Eng.. and on the Principles of Religion.
Adams, Wm. Complete History of the Civil Wars in
Scotland, 1644-46; 2d ed., Edin., 1724.
Adams, Wm. Fifteen Occasional Serms., Oxon.,171 %
36
ADA.
ADD.
|
!
He
C
1849, 2 vols. r. 8vo. 3. History of the Knights Templars,
8vo. 4. Journey to Damascus and Palmyra, 2 vols. 8vo.
5. Wrongs and their Remedies, Lon. and Phila., 1857.
Addison, G. H., 1793–1815, author of Indian Re-
Adams, Wm., D.D., 1707-1789, Master of Pembroke, miniscences, or the Bengal Moofussul Miscellany, 1837.
Oxford, &c., author of a number of sermons, and an An- Addison, Joseph, 1672-1719, one of the most emi-
swer to Hume's very absurd Essay on Miracles. Dr. Adams nent of English authors, was the eldest son of Lancelot
was a valued friend of Dr. Johnson's. Boswell tells us: Addison, D.D., Dean of Lichfield, the author of some theo-
"We then went to Pembroke College, and waited on his old logical treatises noticed hereafter. Joseph was born at
friend Dr. Adams, the master of it, whom I found to be a most Milston, near Ambros-Bury, Wiltshire, May 1, 1672. After
polite, pleasing, communicative man. He had him-
self by an able answer to David Hume's Essay on Miracles. passing through his preliminary studies at Amesbury and
told me he had once dined in company with Hume in London: Salisbury, he became an inmate of the Charter-house,
that Ilume shook hands with him. and said, You have treated where he made the acquaintance of a youth who subse-
me much better than I deserve;' and that they exchanged visits." quently became celebrated as his associate, and an im-
Adams, Wm. Political treatises, 1796-97.
portant literary character:-the names of Richard Steele
Adams, Sir Wm., Surgeon and Oculist Extraordinary and Joseph Addison have become so closely united, that
to the Prince Regent. Among other professional works, they must descend in unbroken partnership to the latest
this eminent oculist has published, A Practical Inquiry generations. At the age of fifteen he was entered at King's
into the Causes of the frequent Failure of the Operations here applied himself with such diligence to classical learn-
College, Oxford, where his father had preceded him.
of Depression, and of the Extraction of the Cataract, as
usually performed, &c., Lond., 1817. This work has been ing, that he "acquired an elegant Latin style before he
commended as one of great value to the chirurgical library. arrived at that age in which lads usually begin to write
Adams, William, 1814-1848, Vicar of St. Peter's, good English." The excellence of his Latin poetry soon
Oxford, acquired considerable celebrity as a writer of re-made him famous in both universities. At a later day
ligious works. See some notices of his life in A Remem- these fruits of early scholarship were collected and pub-
brancer of Bonchurch, Isle of Wight, the burial-place of lished in the Musa Anglicanæ.
the Rev. W. Adams, Lon., p. Svo. 1. Sacred Allegories ;
2d ed., 1844, 12mo; 3d ed., 1855, er. Svo; illustrated by
Foster, 1855, sm. 4to: this is composed of Nos. 2, 3, 4, and
6. 2. Shadow of the Cross, 1842, 12mo; Sth ed., 1849.
3. The Old Man's Home; Sth ed., 1853, 12mo. 4. Distant
Hills; 4th ed., 1847, 12mo. 5. The Fall of Croesus, 1846,
fp. Svo. 6. The King's Messengers, 1847, 12mo; 2d ed.,
1852, 12mo. 7. Warnings of the Holy Week; 3d ed., 1849,
12mo; 4th ed., 1852, 12mo. S. Cherry-Stones; edited by
H. C. Adams, 1851, fp. Svo; 4th ed.. 1855, 12mo.
He
“Our country owes it to him. that the famous Monsieur Boileau
first conceived an opinion of the English genius for poetry, by
perusing the present he made him of the
TICKELL: Preface to Addison's Works.
When about twenty-two years of age, he addressed some
verses to Dryden, commending his translations, which
were highly praised by the most eminent judges, and were
so fortunate as to elicit the plaudits of Dryden himself. A
translation of the greater part of the fourth book of Vir-
gil's Georgies, confirmed the good opinion which the great
poet was inclined to entertain of the abilities of this youth-
ful follower. The excellent critical preface to Dryden's
version of the Georgies, and many of the arguments, were
from the pen of the new aspirant to poetical distinction.
A running criticism in verse on some of the principal
English poets, addressed to Sacheverell, and some other
productions of merit, still further increased the reputation
of the author. So far, all was most encouraging; but
this "fancied life in others' breath," as one of the poets
styles Fame, was an unsubstantial dependence for the every-
day necessities of life. At this juncture, in 1695, a poem
addressed to King William, on one of his campaigns, de-
dicated to Lord Keeper Somers, secured the favour of this
nobleman, and a pension of £300 per annum. About this
period he published his Latin poems, inscribed to another
great man of the day, Mr. Montague, the Chancellor of
the Exchequer, afterwards Lord Halifax. It is said to have
been chiefly owing to the discouragement of this eminent
statesman, that Addison resigned his original intention of
taking holy orders. Other accounts represent his own
humility to have suggested to his mind distrust of his
qualifications and fitness for a position so sacred and re-
sponsible. Whether the voice of ambition at this season
of youthful triumph was permitted to drown the pleadings
of conscience, it is impossible to decide; but there appear
to us to be many intimations in the future writings of the
Aday. A work upon Distilling, Lon.
lay moralist, that the convictions of religious duty ever
Addams, J. Reports of Cases determined in the Eccle- remained stronger than the arguments by which they were
siastical Courts, 1822-25, 2 vols. 8vo; Lon., 1823-25. overruled. About the end of the year 1699, Addison de-
Addenbrooke, J. Essay on Free-Thinking. Lon.. 1714. termined to gratify an inclination which insufficient means
Adderley, Thomas, Published a Sermon on Psalm had heretofore obliged him to postpone, and he left Eng-
exxii. 6, Cambridge, 1676.
land on a visit to the classic soil of Italy. Fortunately, we
Addington, A., M.D. On Sea-Scurvy, &c., Lon., 1753. are not left to conjecture what must have been the effecte
Addington, Rt. Hon. Henry, (Lord Sidmouth.) of scenes so inspiring upon a mind so well educated to ap-
on of the preceding. Political speeches, &c., 1799-1803. preciate their power. In his remarks on several parts of
Addington, John. History of the Cow-Pox, 1801. Italy, in the years 1701, 2, 3, we have a record of his im-
Addington, Stephen, 1729-1796, a dissenting minis-pressions, which deserves more notice than it receives in
er, a native of Northampton, a pupil of the celebrated Dr. the present day, or indeed has secured in any preceding
Doddridge. He was a schoolmaster of considerable repute. generation of readers. The death of King William, in
Ile wrote a number of educational and theological works, 1702, brought a new set of statesmen in power, and the
1757-83.
loss of Addison's pension awakened the young traveller
Addington, Sir Wm., Author of Abridgment of from his classic dreams of past ages to the necessary pro-
Penal Statutes, &c., London, 1775. 6th. ed. 1812.
vision for the day which was passing over him. He re-
Addison, Alexander, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, turned home, and found himself in England with no means
1759-1807. Reports of Cases in County Courts, High Court of livelihood, and no prospects beyond the uncertain de-
of Errors and Appeals in Pennsylvania, Washington, 1800,pendence of a literary hack. He was not allowed to remain
Obs. on Gallatin's Speech, 1798; Report of Committee, long in this unenviable condition. The battle of Blenheim,
Virginia Assembly, 1800.
fought August, 1704, had excited the attention of Europe
Addison, Anthony, Vicar of St. Helen's, Abington, to the conquerors, and the opportunity must not be lost to
Berkshire. Sermon on Psalm lxviii. 28, Oxford, 1704. celebrate the event in the most august strains of which
Addison, C. G. 1. Temple Church, Lon., 1843. 2. the poetie muse was capable. Lord Treasurer Godolphin
Law of Cor+racts, Lon., 1846; Phila, 1847; 2d ed., Lon.,inquired anxiously for a poet, and Lord Halifax named
Adams, Wm. Vitruvius Scoticus, &c., Edin. 1750.
Adams, Wm., Surgeon, London. Disquisition on
the Stone, Gravel, and the Diseases of the Bladder, Kid-
neys, &c., London, 1773.
►
Adams, Zabdiel, 1730-1801, of Massachusetts, cousin
to John Adams, second President of the United States of
America, pub. some serms., 1771-88.
Adamson. Poemata Sacra, &c., Lou., 1619.
Adamson. A work upon Elect Sinners, Lon., 1768.
Adamson, Henry. Muses Threnodic, Edin., 1638.
Adamson, John. The Muse's Welcome to King
James VI. at his return to Scotland, anno 1617, Edin.,
1618. The speeches will be found in Nichols's Progress of
King James. He published several other works.
Adamson, John, M.A., Rector of Burton Coggles.
1. The Duty and Daily Frequenting of the Public Service
of the Church; a Sermon on Matt. xxi. 13, 1698. 2.
Funeral Serm., Rev. xiv. 13, 1707.
Adamson, John, 1787-1855. 1. Memoir of Camoens,
1820. 2. History, Antiquities, and Literature of Portugal,
vol. i.,. 1842, Sro: vol. ii., 1846, Svo.
Adamson, M. A Friendly Epistle to Neighbour John
Taylor, of Norwich, Lon., n. d.
Adamson, Patrick, 1543-1591, Archbishop of St.
Andrew's, was born at Perth. He wrote a number of theo-
logical works in Latin.
Adamson, W. Contrib. to Phil. Mag., i. 256, 1817.
Adamthwaite, John, theological writer, Birming-
ham, 1771-78.
37
ADD
ADD
gayety to the aid of goodness; and, if I may use expressions yet
more awful, of having • turned many to righteousness.'
His sentences have neither studied amplitude, nor affected
brevity; his periods, though not diligently rounded, are voluble and
easy. Whoever wishes to attain an English style, familiar, but
not coarse, and elegant, but not ostentatious, must give his days
and nights to the study of Addison."-DR. JOHNSON.
“Mr. Addison wrote very fluently; but he was sometimes very
several friends; and would alter almost every thing that any of
slow and scrupulous in correcting. He would show his verses to
them hinted as wrong. He seemed to be too diffident of himself;
and too much concerned about his character as a poet; or (as he
worded it) too solicitous for that kind of praise which is but a
fast; and sent them to the press as soon as they were written. It
very little matter after all! Many of his Spectators he wrote very
seems to have been best for him not to have had too much time to
correct. Addison was perfectly good company with intimates; and
had something more charming in his conversation than I ever
knew in any other man: but with any mixture of strangers, and
sometimes only with one, he seemed to preserve his dignity much,
with a stiff sort of silence."-POPE: Spence's Anecdotes.
*
He soon became a most useful contributor to his friend's
paper. He also contributed five articles to a political pa-
per, The Whig Examiner, the first number of which ap-
peared on the 14th September, 1710. The Tatler was
brought to a close, January 2, 1711, and the first of the en-
· There is a grove at Magdalen College which retains the name
suing March, the Spectator made its appearance. This of Addison's Walk, where still the student will linger. . . . Never,
periodical, of which as many as 20,000 copies were sold in not even by Dryden, not even by Temple. had the English lan-
a day, still retains its popularity. Addison's contributions guage been written with such sweetness, grace, and facility.
But this was the smallest part of Addison's praise. Had he
may be known by the signature C. L. I. or O., forming the
clothed his thoughts in the half-French style of Horace Walpole,
word "Clio." The Guardian, commenced March 12, or in the half-Latin style of Dr. Johnson, or in the half-German
1713, was also largely indebted to Addison. In 1713 ap- jargon of the present day, his genius would have triumphed over
As a moral satirist he stands unrivalled. If
peared the celebrated tragedy of Cato, which was acted for all faults of manner.
thirty-five successive nights, notwithstanding Pope's opi-kind. we should be inclined to guess that it must have been by
ever the best Tatlers and Spectators were equalled in their own
nion that it was not so well suited to the stage as it was to
the lost comedies of Menander. In wit. properly so called, Addi-
the closet. In this year was published a political squib of son was not inferior to Cowley or Butler. No single ode of Cow-
our author's, entitled The Trial and Conviction of Count ley contains so many happy analogies as are crowded into the
Tariff. On the breaking out of the rebellion in 1715, lines to Sir Godfrey Kneller; and we would undertake to collect
from the Spectators as great a number of ingenious illustrations
Addison supported the government with great vigour in
as can be found in Hudibras.' The still higher faculty of inven-
the Freeholder, which was published from September 23 tion Addison possessed in still larger measure. ... But what
to June 29, of the next year. His verses to Sir Godfrey shall we say of Addison's humour? We own that the hu-
Kneller, and a few other minor pieces, were given to the
mour of Addison is, in our opinion, of a more delicious flavour
than the humour of either Swift or Voltaire."-T. B. MACAULAY.
world about this time.
|
•
|
Addison as the proper person. Mr. Treasurer Boyle, after-
wards Lord Carleton, was sent to prefer the request to the
poet, who, as it will readily be believed, immediately un-
dertook the duty. THE CAMPAIGN was written, and the
successful bard became Commissioner of Appeals, and in
1706, Under-Secretary of State. There was much wisdom
There was much wisdom
in this appointment. The aid of such a penman was not
to be despised by any ministry, however powerful. The
Present State of the War, an anonymous pamphlet, pub-
lished in November, 1707, was credited to the new secre-
tary. In 1709, our poct attended the Marquis of Wharton.
to Ireland as secretary. Whilst absent, Steele published
the first number of The Tatler, April 12, 1709.
In 1716, he married the dowager Countess of Warwick:
of this match Dr. Johnson remarks:-"This marriage,
"This marriage,
if uncontradicted report can be credited, made no addition
to his happiness; it neither found nor made them equal.
She always remembered her own rank, and thought her-
self entitled to treat with very little ceremony the tutor of
her son." He breathed his last at Holland-house on the
17th June, 1719, when just entering the 48th year of his
age. Before he expired, he sent for his step-son, the Earl
of Warwick, then in his 21st year, and while the young
nobleman stood at his bedside to receive his commands,
grasping his hand, he said he had called him that he might
see with what peace a Christian could die. He left an only
daughter by the countess."
"
Sir Richard Steele acknowledges himself indebted to
Addison for a considerable part of his comedy of the Ten-
der Husband, which appeared in 1704; and he is also
known to be the author of the Drummer, or The Haunted
House. Some papers in a continuation of The Spectator,
which was attempted, but soon dropped, and one or two in
a publication of a similar nature, entitled The Lover, were
contributed by him during the years 1713 and 1714.
It is well known that Addison has always laboured under
the suspicion, not only of envying his great literary rival,
Pope, but also of exhibiting that envy in the most unjus-
tifiable manner. We have not space to enter upon this
question at length. How far he may have prompted the
virulence of Philips and the slander of Gildon, is not likely
to be satisfactorily ascertained at this late hour. We refer
the curious reader to Sir William Blackstone's able paper
in the Biographia Britannica, and to the article Addison,
in Rose's New Biog. Dict. Blackstone, certainly a com-
petent judge of evidence, considers that Addison's memory
has been much calumniated, although he admits that the
publication of Tickell's (?) version of the Iliad just at the
moment of the appearance of Pope's translation was "in-
discreet and ill-timed.”
The literary merits of Addison have been discussed at
length by Dr. Johnson in his Lives of the Poets. Perhaps
we cannot better please and edify our readers than by
quoting some opinions of the great critic, together with
those of other authors, upon the writings and character of
one who must always occupy the first rank in the list of
English classics :
"If any judgment be made from his books, of his moral charac- |
ter, nothing will be found but purity and excellence. It is justly
observed by Tickell, that he employed wit on the side of virtue and
religion. He not only made the proper use of wit himself, but
taught it to others, and from his time it has been generally sub-
servient to the cause of reason and of truth. No greater felicity
can genius attain than that of having purified intellectual plen-
sure. separated mirth from indecency, and wit from licentiousness;
of having taught a succession of writers to bring elegance and,
"Pope's character of Addison is one of the truest, as well as
one of the best, things he ever wrote. Addison deserved that
character the most of any man.
character the most of any man. Yet how charming are his prose
writings! He was as much a master of humour as he was an in-
different poet."-DR. LOCKIER, Dean of Peterborough.
"Mr. Addison did not go any depth in the study of medals: all
the knowledge he had of that kind. I believe he had from me;
and I did not give him above twenty lessons upon that subject.”—F.
“Mr. Addison would never alter any thing after a poem was
once printed; and was ready to alter almost every thing that was
found fault with before. I believe he did not leave a word un-
changed that I might have any scruple against in his Cato.”—P.
"The last line in that tragedy originally was-
'And, oh, 'twas this that ended Cato's life.'
Mr. Pope suggested the alteration as it stands at present:
And robs the guilty world of Cato's life.'
Mr. Addison stayed about a year at Blois. He would rise as early
as between two and three in the height of summer, and lie a-bed
till between eleven and twelve in the depth of winter. He was
untalkative while here, and often thoughtful: sometimes so lost
in thought that I have come into his room, and stayed five
PHILIPPEAUX OF BLOIS.
minutes there, before he has known any thing of it."-ABBÉ
66
The Spectators, though there are so many bad ones among
them, make themselves read still. All Addison's are allowed to
be good."-ABBÉ B.
“Old Jácob Tonson did not like Mr. Addison. He had a quarrel
with him: and after his quitting the secretaryship used frequently
to say of him, 'One day or other you'll see that man a bishop!
I'm sure he looks that way; and, indeed, I ever thought him a
priest in his heart.”—P.
"It was my fate to be much with the wits. My father was ac
Addison was the best company in the
quainted with all of them.
world."-LADY M. W. MONTAGU.
"Addison usually studied all the morning, then met his party
at Button's; dined there, and stayed five or six hours, and some-
times far into the night. I was of the company for about a year,
but found it was too much for me, and so I quitted it."-POPE:
Spence's Anecdotes.
"To the keenest perception of the beautiful and sublime in
composition, he added a taste pre-eminently delicate and correct,
and the most engaging and fascinating style that this country
had ever witnessed: with these were combined the most unri
valled humour, a morality lovely and interesting as it was puro
sweet, rich, and varied."--DR. DRAKE.
and philanthropic, and a fancy whose effusions were peculiarly
Dr. Blair censures Addison for occasional redundancies,
and gives some instances from Nos. 412 and 413 of the
Spectator. He proceeds to remark:
(*
Although the free and flowing manner of such an author as
Mr. Addison, and the graceful harmony of his periods, may palli-
ate such negligences; yet, in general. it holds that style freed
from this prolixity appears both more strong, and more beautiful.
The attention becomes remiss, the mind falls into inaction, when
words are multiplied without a corresponding multiplication of
ideas.”—Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles-Leltres.
"When this man looks from the world whose weakness he de
scribes so benevolently, up to the heaven which shines over us
all, I can hardly fancy a human face lighted up with a more serene
rapture: a human intellect thrilling with a purer love and adora-
tion, than Joseph Addison's! Listen to him: from your child) ɔ @
38
ADD
ADI
you have known the verses, but who can hear their sacred music
without love and awe?
'Soon as the evening shades prevail,
The moon takes up the wondrous tale,' &c.
• ·
It seems to me those verses shine like the stars. They shine ou!
of a great, deep calm. When he turns to heaven, a Sabbath comes
over that man's mind: and his face lights up from it with a glory
of thanks and prayer. If Swift's life was the most wretched,
I think Addison's was one of the most enviable. A life prosperous
and beautiful-a calm death-an immense fame, and affection af
terwards for his happy and spotless name."-Thackeray's English
Humorists of the Eighteenth Century.
"We must remember that, however narrow, and prejudiced, and
exclusive may seem to us the dogmas of Addison's literary criti-
cisms, yet that these were the first popular essays in English to
wards the investigation of the grounds and axioms of aesthetic
science, and that even here, in innumerable instances. (as, for ex-
ample, in the celebrated reviews of Paradise Lost, und of the old
national ballad of Chevy Chase,) we find the author's natural and
delicate sense of the beautiful and sublime triumphing over the
accumulated errors and false judgment of his own artificial age,
and the author of Cato doing unconscious homage to the nature
and pathos of the rude old Border ballad-maker."-PROF. T. B.
SHAW.
"In a word, one may justly apply to him what Plato, in his al-
egorical language, says of Aristophanes; that the Graces. having
searched all the world for a temple wherein they might forever
dwell, settled at last in the breast of Mr. Addison.”—MELMOTII.
"Addison wrote little in verse, much in sweet, elegant, Virgilian
prose; so let me call it, since Longinus calls Herodotus most
Ilomeric; and Thucydides is said to have formed his style on
Pindar. Addison's compositions are built with the finest mate-
rials, in the taste of the ancients. I never read him. but I am
struck with such a disheartening idea of perfection, that I drop
my pen. And, indeed. far superior writers should forget his com-
positions, if they would be greatly pleased with their own.” -DR.
YOUNG.
|
"In refined and delicate humour Addison has no superior, if he
has any equal, in English prose literature.
Who can set
limits to the influence which such a mind has exerted? And
what a lesson should it read to the conductors of our periodic
press, from the stately quarterly to the daily newspaper! What
untold gain would it be to the world if they would think less of
party, and more of TRUTH: if they would ever be found the firm
advocates of every thing that tends to elevate and bless man, and
the steadfast, out-spoken opponents of all that tends to degrade,
debase, and brutalize him!"-PROF. C. D. CLEVELAND.
•
•
"In Addison the reader will find a rich but chaste vein of hu-
mour and satire; lessons of morality and religion, divested of all
austerity and gloom; criticism at once pleasing and profound:
and pictures of national character and manners that must ever
charm from their vivacity and truth."-Dr. Hurd.
"Greater energy of character, or a more determined hatred of
vice and tyranny, would have curtailed his usefulness as a public
censor. He led the nation insensibly to a love of virtue and
constitutional freedom, to a purer taste in morals and literature.
and to the importance of those everlasting truths which so
warmly engaged his heart and imagination."-ROBERT CHAMBERS.
"It is praise enough to say of a writer, that, in a high depart-
ment of literature, in which many eminent writers have distin-
guished themselves, he has no equal: and this may, with strict
justice, be said of Addison. He is entitled to be considered not
only as the greatest of the English essayists. but as the forerunner
of the great English novelists. His best essays approach near to
absolute perfection; nor is their excellence more wonderful than
their variety. His invention never seems to flag; nor is he ever
under the necessity of repeating himself, or of wearing out a
subject."-MACAULAY.
"He was not only the ornament of his age and country, but he
reflects dignity on the nature of man. He has divested vice of
its meretricious ornaments, and planted religion and virtue in
the modest and graceful attire which charm and elevate the
heart."-DR. ANDERSON.
"Of Addison's numerous and well-known writings, it may be
affirmed that they rest on the solid basis of real excellence, in
moral tendency as well as literary merit. Vice and folly are
satirized, virtue and decorum are rendered attractive; and while
polished diction and Attic wit abound, the purest ethics are incul-
cated."-MAUNDER.
"As a writer, as a mau, and as a Christian, the merit of Addison
cannot be too highly extolled. His style has been always es-
teemed a model of excellence by men of taste. His humour has
a charm which cannot be described: his philosophy is rational,
and his morality is pure."-Athenæum,
The Life of Addison, by Lucy Aikin, 2 vols., London,
1843, post Svo, with Portrait.
"Miss Aikin has not left a stone unturned, that her monument
to one of our most polished writers and complete minds may be
fair, upright, and symmetrical. Her book contains the first com-
plote life of Addison ever put forth. As a literary biography it is
a model; and its pages are besides enriched by many hitherto un-
published letters of Addison.”—London Athenæum.
In concluding our sketch of this eminent author, we
may observe, that perhaps no English writer has been so
fortunate as Addison in uniting so many discordant
tastes in a unanimous verdict of approbation. Browne
has been thought pedantic, Johnson inflated, Taylor con-
ceited, and Burke exuberant; but the graceful simplicity
of Addison delights alike the rude taste of the unedu-
cated, and the classic judgment of the learned. His ex-
quisite humour charms our youth, and his affectionate ad-
monitions impress upon our hearts those religious verities
which can alone confer dignity upon age.
We subjoin a list of Addison's works: 1. Remarks on
several parts of Italy in the years 1701, 1702, 1703, London,
1705, 1718, 1761. The same translated into Latin, under
the title of Addisoni Epistola Missa ex Italia, ad illustrem
Dominum Halifax, anno 1701. Auctore A. Murphy, 1799.
2. Campaign; a Poem with a Latin version. 3. Poems,
1712. 4. The Five Whig Examiners, 1712. 5. Cato; a
tragedy, 1713. The same in Italian and French, 1715.
In Latin, under the following title: Cato Tragedia, Auc-
tore Clarissimo Viro Josepho Addison inter Anglia nostræ
Principes Poetas, jure nemerando, omissis Amotoriis
Seenis. Latino Carmine Versa, 1763. This translation
has been commended as
"In general elegant, and executed with great spirit. The
style approaches that of Seneca, the tragedian."
6. Essay concerning the Error in Distributing Modern
Medals, 1715. 7. A Poem to the Princess of Wales;
another to Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1716. 8. Freeholder,
1716. 9. The Drummer, or the Haunted House, 1716. 10.
Freethinker, 1722. 11. Dissertations on the most cele-
brated Roman Poets; Englished by Charles Hayes, 1718.
12. Notes upon the Twelve Books of Paradise Lost, col-
lected 1719. 13. Dialogues upon the Usefulness of An-
cient Medals, especially in relation to the Latin and
Greek poets, 1726. 14. Ode to Dr. Thomas Burnet, 1727.
15. Divine Poems, 1728. 16. On the Evidences of the
Christian Religion, 1730. 17. Discourses on Ancient and
Modern Learning.
His papers contributed to The Tatler, Spectator, Guar-
dian, and Freeholder, together with his Treatise on the
Christian Religion, were collected into 4 vols., Edinburgh,
1790. In the Tatler his papers have no signature; in the
Spectator, as we have remarked, they are either C. L. I.
or 0. (Clio.) In the Guardian, they are marked by e
hand.
Addison's works, portrait and plates, 4 vols. 4to
Baskerville's splendid edition, Birmingham, 1761.
"He who hath the Baskerville edition hath a good and even ▾
glorious performance. It is pleasant (and, of course, profitable)
to turn over the pages of these lovely tomes at one's Tusculum,
on a day of oppression from heat or of confinement from rain."-
DIBDIN.
Addison's Complete Works, the first complete edition
ever published, including all of Bishop Hurd's edition,
with numerous pieces now first collected, and copious
notes, by Prof. G. W. Greene. A new issue, in 6 vols.,
12mo, with Vignettes, &c., N. York, 1854; ed., with addi-
tions by H. G. Bohn, 6 vols.
"Nothing stamps the literary reading of the present day with
a more exalted character than the fact of the profitable republish-
ment of the old English classics. We congratulate the public
upon having it in their power to purchase an edition of Addison's
works. so complete as this promises to be, such an ornament to
the library as it will prove, and edited with so much tact. To
undertake to praise the writings of Joseph Addison is a work of
supererogation. It is sufficient to say, that more persons have
formed their style on his prose writings than on those of any
other English writer."
Addison, Lancelot, D.D., 1632-1703, father of
the preceding, was born at Crosby Ravensworth, in West-
moreland. He was the son of a clergyman, and adopted
the same profession. He was noted at college for his ac-
quirements. Not being in favour with the rulers of the
day, he obtained no preferment until the Restoration. His
first post was that of chaplain at Dunkirk. He was ap-
pointed king's chaplain in 1670. Dr. Addison wrote &
number of works, which met with a moderate share of
approbation. They relate principally to the early history
of Mohammedanism, to the present state of the Jews,
and to the sacraments of the Christian church, published
1871-98.
Addison, William, M.D. Healthy and Diseased
Structure, Consumption, &c., Lon., Svo.
"A work deserving the perusal of every one interested in the
late rapid advance of physiology and pathology.”—Medico-Chirur
gical Review.
2. Malvern Waters in Cases of Consumption, Svo. 3. Cell
Therapeutics, 12mo, 1856.
Addy, William. Stenographia. Lon.. 1695.
"More remarkable for the accuracy and elegance of its graphical
execution, than for any considerable improvement in the art."-
LOWNDES.
Adee, Herbert. Sermon on 1 Cor. ii. 14, Lond., 1712.
Adee, Nicholas. Sermon on Luke xx. 41, Lond., 1685.
Adee, S. Con.to Phil. Tran, and to Archæol., 1755, &c
Adey, author of Sermons, pub. London, 1755–60.
Adhelm. See ALDHELM.
Adis, Henry. Sermon on 2 Chron. xxxii. 25, Lon-
don, 1660.
39
ADK
AIK
Adkin, L. Serms. pub. 1782-86 and 1806.
Adking, W. The Hortorian Miscellany, &c., 1768.
Adler, George J., b. 1821, in Germany; came to U. Agassiz was appointed Professor of Natural History in
States, 1833; grad. N. York Univ., 1844; Prof. German the College of Neufchâtel, on his return to Switzerland.
Language in same institution, 1846-54. 1. German Gram- Here he remained until 1846, when he embarked for Ame-
mar, 1846. 2. German Reader, 1847. 3. German and Eng-rica, and soon after was appointed Professor of Zoology
lish Dictionary, 1848, N. York, 8vo: the most complete and Geology in the Lawrence Scientific School. At thirty,
work of the kind pub. in the U. S. 4. Abridgment of same,
he was a member of nearly every scientific academy of
12mo, 1851. 5. Manual of German Literature, 1853. 6. Europe, besides having the degree of Doctor of Laws con-
Latin Grammar, 1858.
ferred on him by the Universities of Edinburgh and Dublin.
He first promulgated the Glacial Theory in 1837. To
collect facts relating to this subject, he spent eight sum
mers upon the of the Aar, 8000 feet above the level
Adolphus, John, 1766-1845, b. in London, barrister-
at-law. 1. Hist. of England from the Accession of George
III. to 1783, 3 vols., 1802; new ed., 7 vols. 8vo.
of the sea, and twelve miles from any human habitation.
The following are his chief scientific works:
"Recherches sur les Poissons fossiles, 5 vols. 4to, and 400 plates,
folio, Neufchâtel, 1834-44. Histoire naturelle des Poissons d'eau
douce, 1 vol. Svo, and 2 portfolios of plates, Neufchâtel, 1839. Etudes
sur les glaciers, 1 vol. Svo, d'atlas in folio, Neufchâtel, 1840. Systeme
Monographies
glacier, 1 vol. Svo, d'atlas in folio, Paris. 1847.
d'Echnodermes, 4 parts, 4to, Neufchâtel, 1838-42. Etudes critiques
sur les Mollesques fossiles. 5 parts. 4to, Neufchâtel, 184045. No
menclator Zoologicus, 1 vol. 4to, Joloduri, 1842–46. Bibliographia
Zoologia et Geologie, London, 3 vols. Svo, Ray Soc., 1848. Lake
Twelve Lectures on Comparative Embryology, Svo, 1849. In con-
Superior: its physical character, &c., plates and maps, 8vo. 1850.
nection with Dr. A. A. Gould, Principles of Zoology, 2d ed., 1851.
Contributed many valuable articles in Trans. Lond. Zool. Soc.; Brit.
Assoc. Silliman's Jour.: Edin. New. Phil. Jour.: Proc. Lond. Geol.
Phil. Mag.: Bibl. Univ.; L. u. Br. N. Jahrb. Proc. Am. Assoc.;
Trans. Amer. Acad. Science and Arts; Smithsonian Contrib., &c.
Contributions to the Natural History of the U. States,
Bost., 1857, 2 vols. 4to,—to be complete in 10 vols.
"There are 2500 subscribers to this work in the United States.
A magnificent support of a purely scientific undertaking, executed
on a grand and expensive scale; a tribute to the worth of science,
and an appreciation of the labours of a great original investigator,
such as has never before been exhibited to the world."-PROF. C. C
FELTON: Appleton's New Amer. Cyc.
"We have no hesitation in recommending the volume before us
as a useful and interesting work. The future historian will recur
to it as a valuable magazine of facts which will tend much to
diminish the labour of his investigations."-Edin. Rev.
2. Biog. Memoirs of French Revolution, 2 vols., 1799.
"A work in which, with great ability, collecting everywhere from
the most authentic sources, and subjoining uniformly a full refer-
ence to his authorities, he gives the only accurate history yet extant
of those tremendous times and the principal agents in them."
British Critic.
He pub. other works, and assisted Archdeacon Coxe in
preparing for the press his Memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole.
Adolphus, John Leycester, son of the preceding. 1.
Letters to Richard Heber, 1821. This work was written to
prove that Sir Walter Scott was the author of the Waverley
Novels.
From its appearance Sir Walter felt that his incognito was
ended, and thenceforth he wore his mask loosely."
2. In connexion with T. F. Ellis, Reports of Cases argued
and determined in the Court of King's Bench Wm. IV.,
1834-40, 12 vols. r. Svo; Lon., 1835-42; new series, 1841-
47, 8 vols. r. 8vo; 1842-48.
Adorno, J. N. Harmony of the Universe, Svo, Lon.
Adrian IV., d. 1159, was the only Englishman who ever,
attained the papal throne. His name originally was Nicho-
las Breakspear; his native place, Langley, near St. Alban's.
He wrote an account of his legation, a treatise on the
Miraculous Conception, and some sermons.
Adrian, Robert, LL.D., 1775-1843. Improved ed.
of Hutton's Mathematics, &c., Scientific papers, &c.
Ady, J. The Harmony of the Divine Will, Lond., 1811.
Ady, T., a writer upon Witchcraft, Lond., 1656–61.
Adye, R. W. Bombardier and P. Gunner, Lond., 1813.
Adye, S. P. Treatise on Ct. Martials, &c., Lond., 1778.
Æry, T., M.D., a medical writer, Whitehaven, 1774, &c.
Æton. A treatise on the Church, Edinburgh, 1730.
Affleck, Capt. Agitation of the Sea, &c., Phil. Trans.
Agar, W. Fourteen Sermons, &c., London, 1756-59.
Agard, Arthur, 1540-1615, a learned antiquary, born
at Foston, Derbyshire. He wrote a number of treatises
upon the High Court of Parliament, the Antiquity of Shires,
of the Houses or Inns of Court, and Chancery, and upon
Doomsday Book.
Agas. See AGGAS.
Agassiz, Louis Jean Rodolphe, born 1807, at
Motiers, Canton of Freyburg, in Switzerland. His ances-
tors were of French origin, and were among the number
of those Protestants who, in 1685, at the time of the Revo-
eation of the Edict of Nantes, were forced to fly from France.
His father, who was a Protestant minister, intended him
for the church; but, owing to an intuitive love for Natural
History, he preferred the study of Medicine, as affording
a fuller scope for the bent of his genius. To carry out
this design, he entered the Medical School of Zurich, but
completed his professional studies at the University of
Heidelberg, where he particularly devoted his attention to
anatomy, under the direction of Professor Tiedemann. As
a student and anatomist, he gained a reputation far above
his compeers. About this time he acquired some celebrity
among his fellow-students as a lecturer on Natural Histo-
ry; but very soon his extensive knowledge and accurate
discrimination attracted the notice of men of science.
friendship of Cuvier, which continued till his death. At
Paris he became intimately acquainted with Humboldt.
From Heidelberg he entered the University of Munich,
where he remained four years. His rare attainments in-
duced Martius to employ him to prepare the ichthyological
department of the Natural History of Brazil, which added
greatly to his scientific fame. His parents remonstrated
against this devotion to science, and, finding persuasion
ineffectual, determined to reduce his regular stipend; but
his unmitigated ardour, and indomitable perseverance in the
pursuit of his favourite studies, attracted the notice of the
great German publisher, Cotta, who advanced him such
sums as he required. After taking the degrees of Doctor
of Medicine and Philosophy, he repaired to Vienna, where
he entered upon the study of fossil fishes. Through the
Aberality of a friend, he visited Paris, where he gained the
Agate, John. Theological Treatise, Oxford, 1708.
Agate, W. Sermons, published 1750-58.
Agg, John, a novelist. Published Lon., 1808-13.
Aggas, Ralph, a surveyor and engraver.
"This celebrated surveyor published the first map of London in
1560, republished in 1618 and likewise in 1637."-LOWNDES.
Aglionby, E. Latin Poem in Wilson's Epigram., 1552.
Aglionby, John, D. D., 1566-1609, originally De
Aguilon, educated at Queen's College, Oxford, was chaplain
to James I., and one of the divines engaged in the version
of the Scriptures set forth by that monarch.
Aglionby, W. Works upon Painting, Lond., 1685, &c.
Aguilar, Grace, was born at Hackney, England,
June, 1816. Her father was Emanuel Aguilar, a merchant,
descended from the Jews of Spain. She went abroad for
her health, and died in Frankfort, in 1847. She could not
speak for some time before her decease; but having learned
to use her fingers in the manner of the deaf and dumb,
almost the last time they moved, it was to spell upon them
feebly,-"Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him."
She wrote The Magic Wreath, a little poetical work; Home
Influence, Mother's Recompense, Jewish Faith, its Conso-
lation, &c., Records of Israel, Women of Israel, Vale of
Cedars, Woman's Friendship, Days of Bruce, and Home
Scenes and Heart Studies. Several of these were pub-
lished after her death.
Home Influence, a Tale for Mothers and Daughters,
second edition, in 1 vol., with a Memoir of the Author.
Agutter, Wm. Sundry Sermons, Lond., 1796-1808.
Ahlers, C. Woman of Godalming, London, 1726.
Aickin, J. On Grammar, 1693; Counterfeiting, 1696.
Aickin, J. Sermon, published Dublin, 1705.
Aiken. Sermons, Edinburgh, 1767.
Aikin, Anna L. See BARDAULD.
Aikin, Arthur, was one of the editors of the Annals
of Philosophy, and a voluminous writer upon Mineralogy
and Chemistry. He edited The Annual Review, 1803, &c.,
7 vols. His Journal of a Tour through North Wales, &c.,
1797, Stevenson praises as "an admirable specimen of a
mineralogical and geological tour."
Aikin, C. R., surgeon, London, in conjunction with
the above published a Dictionary of Chemistry, 1807–14.
He was the author of several other professional works.
Aikin, E. Architectural works, London, 1808-1810.
Aikin, J., contributor to Phil. Trans., 1774.
Aikin, John, M. D., 1747-1822, born at Kibworth,
Harcourt, was the only son of Rev. J. Aikin, LL.D., and
brother of Anna Letitia Aikin, afterwards Mrs. Barbauld,
He attended the lectures of Dr. John Hunter in 1770, and
took the degree of M. D. at Leyden. His first publications
were professional, and very favourably received. In 1772
he published his vol. of Essays on Song Writing, which hus,
.
40
AIK
AIN
been commended as "a much esteemed and elegant collec- |
tion."
In 1775 he published A Specimen of the Medical
Biography of Great Britain, which was sufficiently approved
to induce him to prepare a volume of Biographical Me-
moirs of Medicine in Great Britain, from the revival of
Literature to the time of Hervey, London, 1780. About
the year 1792, in conjunction with his sister, he commenced
the Evenings at Home, completed in 6 volumes in 1795.
Almost the whole of the matter was the production of the
doctor's pen.
"These little books are too well known to require any comment;
and they have led the way to many others of a similar nature, and
been translated into almost every European language."
He next published the Letters from a Father to a Son.
From 1796-1807 he was literary editor of the Monthly
Magazine. In January, 1807, he started the Athenæum,
which was discontinued in 1809. He commenced, in 1796,
a General Biography, in which Mr. Nicholson, Drs. En-
field and Morgan, and others, assisted him. This work
extended to ten quarto volumes, and was published 1799-
1815, having employed the doctor nearly twenty years;
yet time was found by him for various other Literary works.
-Rose's New Biog. Dict. Widely different opinions have
been entertained as to the merit of Aikin's Biographical
Dictionary. Mr. Gifford calls it a "worthless compilation,"
whilst Roscoe, in his Life of Leo X., praises it as "a work
which does not implicitly adopt prescriptive errors, but
evinces a sound judgment, a manly freedom of sentiment,
and a correct taste." Here is a vast difference of opinion!
We find some reference to this work in Mr. Southey's Cor-
respondence:
"Did I tell you," he writes to his brother, "that I have promised
to supply the lives of the Spanish and Portuguese authors in the
remaining volumes of Dr. Aikin's great General Biography?" In
1807, he tells Longman & Co., "At Dr. Aikin's request, I have un-
dertaken (long since) the Spanish and Portuguese literary part of
his biography. Some articles appeared in the last volume, and few
as they are, I suppose they entitle me to it. Will you ask Dr. A.
if this be the case?”
From 1811-15, he edited Dodsley's Annual Register. In
1820, his last publication, the Select Works of the British
Poets, (Johnson to Beattie,) made its appearance. A con-
tinuation of the series by other hands has been published.
Dr. Aikin died December 7, 1822. He was emphatically
a literary man. Dr. Watt gives a list of about fifty publi-
cations of this industrious and useful writer.
Aikin, Lucy, daughter of the preceding, authoress of
several historical and other works. Epistles. Juvenile
Correspondence. Memoirs of the Court of James I., Lon.,
1822, 2 vols. 8vo.
begins with an account of David, King of Scotland, which
is followed by a brief history of the Anglo-Saxon and
Anglo-Norman kings. The old bibliographers have made
more than one book out of this tract. 4. The Life of St.
Margaret, Queen of Scotland, which is only preserved in
an abridged form. 5. The Story of a Nun of Watton in
Yorkshire, who was seduced and afterwards repented.
6, 7. The early catalogue of the library of Rievaux,
printed in the Reliquiæ Antiquæ, enumerates, among Ail-
red's writings, a Vita Sancti Niniani Episcopi, and a trea-
tise De Miraculis Hagustaldensis Ecclesiæ. The Life of
St. Ninianus was formerly in MS., Cotton. Tiberius D. 3,
now nearly destroyed. The Miracles of the Church of
Hexham are preserved in the Bodleian Library. John of
Peterborough, under the date 1153, observes, "Here ends
the chronicle of Ailred." Ailred's theological writings are
more numerous, and consist of, 8. Thirty-three homilies or
sermons, De Onere Babylonis, on the thirteenth, fourteenth,
fifteenth, and sixteenth chapters of Isaiah, addressed to
Gilbert, Bishop of London, and therefore written after 1161.
9. The Speculum, or Mirror of Divine Love. 10. A Com-
pendium Speculi Charitatis. 11. A dialogue De Spirituali
Amicitia, the plan of which arose from the perusal of the
treatise De Amicitia of Cicero. 12. A tract on the words
of the evangelist, Cum factus esset Jesus annorum duode-
cimo anno Christi, which is sometimes entitled De duo-
decimo anno Christi. This work, and the four preceding,
were collected and printed at Douai early in the seventeenth
century, by Richard Gibbons, a Jesuit, and were reprinted
in the Bibliotheca Patrum. 13. Liber de Institutione In-
clusarum, or the Rule of Nuns. This, being found with-
out the name of the author, was printed among the works
of St. Augustine, but it was given under Ailred's name in
the collection of monastic rules published by Lucas Hol-
stenius. It is enumerated among Ailred's works in the
early catalogue of the Rievaux library. 14. He wrote a
considerable number of homilies and sermons, some of
which have been printed. Thirty-two of his sermons are
intermixed with those of St. Bernard in a manuscript at
Lambeth, and twenty-five inedited sermons of the same
writer were printed in the Bibliotheca Cisterciensium.
15. A large collection of epistles by Ailred appear to be
entirely lost. 16. His dialogue De Natura Animæ is pre-
served in the Bodleian Library, MS. Bodl. Mus. 52.
17. The old catalogue of Rievaux mentions a work by
Ailred, entitled Fasciculus Frondium.
His rhythmical prose in honour of St. Cuthbert, as well
as his "Epitaph on the Kings of Scotland," is lost, unless
the latter be the prosaic Chronicon Rhythmicum printed
at the end of the Chronicon of Mailros, in the edition by
Mr. Stevenson. Among the manuscripts of Caius College,
Cambridge, according to Tanner, there is a version of the
Life of St. Edward in Leonine Latin Elegiacs, ascribed to
Ailred, and commencing with the line,-
"An admirable historical work, nearly as entertaining as a novel,
and far more instructive than most histories."-Edinburgh Review.
Miss Aikin has also given to the world, Mem. of the Court
of Queen Eliz., 1818, 2 vols. Svo; of the Court of Charles
I., 1833, 2 vols. Svo; Life of Addison, 1843, 2 vols. 8vo.
Aikman, Jas. Poems, chiefly lyrical, Edin., 1816.
Ailmer, John. See AYLMER.
Ailred of Rievaux, 1109-1166. The name of this
The name of this
eminent writer, which was properly Ethelred, is variously
spelt in old manuscripts, Ailred, Aelred, Alred, Ealred,
Alured, &c. Ailred, the most usual form, appears to be
merely a north-country abbreviation of Ethelred. He was
born in 1109, and was educated in company with Henry,
son of David, King of Scotland, whose friendship, as well
as that of his father, he continued long to enjoy; and the
latter would have raised him to a bishopric, but he prefer-
red entering himself as a Cistercian monk in the Abbey of
Rievaux, in the North Riding of Yorkshire. Here his vir-
tues and abilities were soon acknowledged by his fellow-veying.
nonks, and he was made master of the novices. His
monkish biographer tells us that his extraordinary sanctity
was exhibited by miracles which he performed almost in
his childhood. After remaining some time at Rievaux,
Ailred was removed to be made abbot of the monastery of
Revesby in Lincolnshire, which was a more recent founda-
tion of the Cistercian order. He died on the 12th of Janu-
ary, 1166, at the age of fifty-seven. As an historical writer,
Ailred has little importance in comparison even with the
ordinary chroniclers of his age, for he too generally pre-
fers improbable legends to sober truth. His historical
works are not very numerous. They consist of, 1. The
Life of Edward the Confessor, which has been frequently
printed. 2. An account of the Battle of the Standard,
printed by Twysden. 3. A work entitled in the old cata-
logue of Rievaux, De Generositate et Moribus et Morte
regis David, which also has been printed by Twysden, who
gives it the title Genealogia regum Anglorum. This book,
dedicated to Honry II. before his accession to the throne
Cum tibi, Laurenti, cogor parere jubenti.
On account of this poem, Leyser admits Ailred into his
list of medieval Latin poets.-
list of medieval Latin poets.-Abbreviated from Wright's
Biog. Brit. Lit.
Ainslie, Alex., M.D. Medical writer, Edin., 1753, &c.
Ainslie, Hew., b. 1792, Ayrshire, Scot., settled in
America, 1822. 1. Pilgrimage to the Land of Burns. 2.
Scottish Songs, Ballads, and Poems, 1855, N. York, 12mo.
Ainslie, J. Treatise on Surveying, Edinburgh, 1812.
Tables for computing Weights of Hay, &c., London, 1806.
Farmer's Pocket Companion, Edinburgh, 1812. Treatise
on Land Surveying. A new and enlarged Edition, em-
bracing Railway, Military, Marine, and Geodetical Sur-
Edited by W. Galbraith, M.A., F.R.A.S. In Svo,
with a quarto volume of plates, price 21s.
"The best book on surveying with which I am acquainted.”—
WILLIAM RUTHERFORD, LL.D., F.R.A.S., Royal Military Academy,
Woolwich.
Ainslie, Robert. Blindness and Indifference of Men
to Futurity; a Discourse occasioned by the Death of
George the Fourth, London, 1830.
"It is rich in practical and pointed reflections upon the thought-
lessness of men in reference to their eternal destiny. The dis-
course is very creditable to the author, both as a literary and
theological composition."-Evan. Mag., 1830.
Reasons for the Hope that is in us. A Series of Essays
on the Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion, the
Immortality of the Soul, &c., London, 1838.
Ainslie, Sir Robert. Views in Egypt, Palestine, and
the Ottoman Empire, London, 2 vols. fol.
Ainslie, W., M.D., A. Smith and M. Christie, M.D.
Medical. Geographical, and Agricultural Report by them,
on the Causes of the Epidemical Fever, which prevailed
1
AIN
AIT
in the Provinces of Caimbatore, Madeira, Dinigal, and
Tinnevelly, in 1809-10-11, Lon., 1816.
Ainsworth, Henry, D.D., d. 1662, date and place of
birth unknown. He became a Brownist in 1590, and suf-
fered in the persecutions which that sect endured. He
found a refuge in Holland, where he laboured with Mr.
Johnson in raising a church at Amsterdam, and in com-
piling A Confession of Faith of the People called Brown-
ists. He was noted, even in his youth, for his knowledge
of the learned languages, especially for his skill in the
Hebrew tongue. He applied himself with great diligence
to the study of the Rabbins, and is thought to have owed
his death to his zeal for the conversion of the Jews. Hav-
ing found a diamond of great value, he restored it to its
owner, a Jew, who begged him to accept a reward. Ains-
worth stipulated for an opportunity of a disputation with
some of the Rabbis upon the Old Testament prophecies
relating to the Messiah. The Jew acceded to his request,
but unable or unwilling to perform his promise, had the
zealous divine poisoned, thus evincing the odium theolo-
gicum to a remarkable degree. Narrations of this character
are to be received with great caution. His Annotations
on the Psalms were printed in 1612, 4to; on the Pentateuch,
2 vols. 4to, 1621; and (folio) in 1627 and 1639. His trea-
tise, A Counter-Poison against Bernard and Crashaw, 1608,
excited much attention, and was answered by Bishop Hall.
Few authors have been more quoted by learned men of
various countries than Dr. Ainsworth. Walch observes of
his Commentaries on the Psalms, "Monstrant istæ erudi-
tionem non mediocrum ac merito laudantur." In 1690,
the work was translated into Dutch, and Poole has incor-
porated the substance of it in his Latin synopsis.
Dr. Doddridge and Dr. Adam Clarke express a high
opinion of the value of the Annotations.
Ainsworth, J. Obs. rel. to a pro. Duty on Cotton, 1813.
Ainsworth, Robert, 1660-1743, well known as the
author of a work which many profit by at first against
their will the Dictionary of the Latin Tongue. Mr.
Ainsworth was born at Woodyale near Manchester. His
Dictionary cost him twenty years' labour, and was first
published in 1736. It was dedicated to that eminent
scholar, one of the brightest ornaments of the medical pro-
fession, Dr. Richard Mead, of whom we shall have more
to say in his place. Of the Dictionary, there have been
improved editions by Patrick, Ward, Young, Carey, &c.
This work was far better than any that preceded it. Since
its publication the treasures of the Latin tongue have
been greatly developed by classical scholars in Germany
and elsewhere. The lexicons of Gesner, Facciolati, Shel-
ler, Georges, and Freund are of inestimable value to the
student. The Wörterbuch der Lateinischen Sprache of Dr.
Wilhelm Freund was published in Leipzig in four volumes,
containing 4500 pages, in the following order: vol. i.
(A-C) in 1834; vol. iv. (R-Z) in 1840; vol. ii. (D-K)
in 1844; and vol. iii. (L-Q) in 1845. Upon the basis of
this work Dr. E. A. Andrews's Lexicon is founded,
Ainsworth, Wm., author of Marrow of the Bible, in
verse, Lon., 1652, and of other works.
Ainsworth, Wm. Triplex Memoriale, &c., 1650.
Ainsworth, William Francis, M.D., b. 1807, at
Exeter; studied medicine and graduated at Edinburgh:
took charge of the Journal of Natural and Geographical
Science, 1828. 1. Researches in Babylonia, Syria, &c., 1842,
Lon., Svo. 2. Travels and Researches in Asia Minor
Mesopotamia, &c., 2 vols. p. 8vo. 3. Travels in the Track
of the Ten Thousand Greeks, 1844, p. 8vo. 4. The Claims
of the Christian Aborigines in the East.
Ainsworth, W. Harrison, novelist, b. 1805, and in-
tended for the law. In 1826, he pub. a novel, John Cheverton,
which was commended by Sir Walter Scott. In 1834, Rook-
wood appeared, followed (after pub. of Crichton) by another
bad book of the same class, Jack Sheppard. Works of this
mischievous character might be very appropriately pub-
lished as a series, under the title of the "Tyburn Plutarch."
We are glad that the author has struck upon a better vein
in his later works of fiction. The Tower of London, Old
Saint Paul's, Windsor Castle, and St. James's Palace, are
thought much more creditable to the novelist than the
works above censured. Mr. Ainsworth resides in the
neighbourhood of Kilburn; he edits the New Monthly,
and the magazine which bears his name.
Ainsworth, T. The Validity of Episcopal Ordina-
tion, and invalidity of any other, considered in Three
Letters between a Presbyter of the Church of England
(T. Ainsworth) and a Dissenting Teacher, (Asher Ilum-
phreys,) Oxford, 1719.
Ainsworth, Thomas, Vicar of Kimbolton. Sermon:
|
1 Cor. iii. 21-23. True Riches, or the Christian's Posses-
sions, London, 1840. Sermon: 2 Tim. iv. 5. Pastoral
Duties, (Visitation,) London, 1844.
Airay, Christopher, 1601-1670, of Queen's College,
Oxford, author of a work on Logic, and some other treatises.
Airay, Henry, 1559–1616, Provost of King's College,
Oxford, author of a number of theological works. Tho
Lectures upon Philippians were published 1618.
Aird, James. Case of Spasms in the Esophagus;
Medical Essay.
Aird, Thomas, b. 1802, at Bowden, Roxburyshire.
A poct of much promise, author of the beautiful stanzas
entitled My Mother's Grave. He has pub. The Captive
of Fez; Old Bachelor in the Old Scottish Village; Ithuriel,
and other poems; Poetical Works, new and complete ed.,
Edin., 1846. sm. Svo: see Lon. Athen., 1485, April 12, 1856.
Religious Characteristics. Ed. Poems of David Macbeth
Moir, (the "Delta" of Blackwood's Mag.,) with Memoir
prefixed, 1852, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Aires, Joseph. Two Serms. ou Pror. xiv. 34, 1715.
Airy, George Biddell, b. July, 1801, at Alnwick,
Northumberland, Astronomer-Royal of England; entered
Trinity Coll. at the age of 18; took the degree of B.A.,
1823; in 1826, took the degree M.A., and was appointed to
the Lucasian Professorship; in 1828, was elected Plumian
Prof. of Astronomy and Director of the newly-erected Ob-
servatory at Cambridge; he was appointed Astronomer-
Royal in 1835, on the resignation of Mr. Pond, and, in
the same year, was elected President of the Roy. Ast. Soc.
1. Reductions of Observations of the Moon, 1750-1830, 2
vols. 4to.
|
"An immense magazine of dormant facts contained in the
Annals of the Royal Observatory are rendered available to astro-
nomical use.”—ADMIRAL SMYTH.
5.
2. Astronomical Observations, Greenwich, 1845-53, 9 vols.
4to. 3. Explanation of the Solar System, Svo. 4. Lectures
Mathematical Tracts on Physical Astronomy, 8vo; 4th ed.,
on Astronomy at Ipswich, 1848, Svo; 3d ed., 1856.
Mathematical Tracts on Physical Astronomy, Svo; 4th ed.,
1858. 6. Treatise on Gravitation, Svo. Contrib. "Figure
of the Earth" and "Tides and Waves" to Encyclopedia
Metropolitana, "Gravitation" to Penny Cyclopedia, and
Memoirs of Astronomical Society, Trans. Cambridge Phil.
numerous valuable papers to Philosophical Transactions,
Soc., &c.
and astronomers,-the first of this country, at least."-Sir Robert
"Prof. Airy, of Cambridge, the first of living mathematicians
Peel to Robert Southey, Whitehall, April 4, 1835: Southey's Life and
Corresp.. chap. xxxvi.
The Royal Astronomical Society awarded two of its
medals to Prof. Airy,-one for his "Observations of the
Moon and Planets from 1750 to 1830;" the other for his
discovery of the "Long Inequality of Venus and the
Earth." This paper was communicated to the Royal So-
ciety, and was published in the Philosophical Transactions.
Aisbatie, J. Speech before the House of Lords, 1721.
Aitchison. Modern Gazetteer, Perth, 1798.
Aitken, D., Surgeon R.N. Con. to Ann. of Med., vii.
309, 1802.
Aitken, John, M.D., d. 1790, a teacher of anatomy,
surgery, &c. at Edinburgh; he published a number of pro-
fessional essays, 1771-90.
|
Aitken, Robert, 1734-1802, came to America in
1769, and was for a long time a printer in Philadelphia.
He has the credit of the authorship of An Inquiry con-
cerning the Principles of a Commercial System for the
United States. He published an edition of the Bible,
copies of which are now exceedingly rare, and worth a
high price among bibliographers.
Aitken, William. Ten Sermons, Edinburgh, 1767.
Aitkens, J. A work upon Fire Arms, London, 1781.
Aitkinson. Epitome of the Art of Navigation, 1759.
Aitkinson. Sermons, London, 1772.
Aiton, John, D.D., Minister of Dolphinton. The
Lands of the Messiah, Mohammed, and the Pope, as visited
in 1851, pub. 1852, Svo, London.
"We doubt whether there has yet been produced a more amus-
ing volume upon the East.
Dr. Aiton's account of his ascent
of the Pyramids is so graphic that we must give it in his own
words; indeed, we question whether it would have been possiblo
to Smollett, in his broadest comic mood, to heighten the effect of
the picture.
the shores of the Dead Sea, possess considerable merit.”—Black-
His sketches of the banks of the Jordan, and
wood's Magazine.
"Dr. Alton, in composition. is always clear, sometimes eloquent,
and occasionally graphic. He is honest and unprejudiced. and
looks on all with which he comes in contact with a fresh and
penetrating eye... The volume has honesty and freshest,
and is never dull or wearisome."-Fraser's Magazine.
••
Aiton, William, agricultural writer, Glasg., 1895- 6.
Aiton, William, 1731-93 an eminent botanist, and
42
AIT
AKE
gardener to George III. Hortus Kewensis: or, a Cata- | parentage:-obscure, but no subject for shame. As a son
logue of the Plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gar- of a butcher, he was perfectly respectable; when aping
dens at Kew, illustrated with engravings, London, 1789, fashion and rank, he was supremely ridiculous. Roche-
3 vols. 1810-11, 5 Vols. See AITON, W. T.
foucauld truly says that "we are never ridiculous for
what we are, but only for what we pretend to be.”
"A most curious, instructive, and excellent botanical work,
which for scientific arrangement and execution has never been
surpassed."-LOWNDES.
We turn to a more agreeable theme. The Pleasures of
the Imagination has been deservedly commended for all
the excellencies of style, language, and illustration which
constitute a poem of the first order. Dr. Johnson speaks
of it as raising expectations that were not very amply
satisfied:
Aiton, William T., son of the former, and suc-
ceeded him as gardener to the king. He published a new
edition of Hortus Kewensis, (also an epitome of the same,)
and some other horticultural works.
Akenside, Mark, M.D., 1721-1770, was born Novem-
ber 9, at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. His father, a butcher of
that place, intended him for the ministry among the Dis-
senters, and he was accordingly sent to the University of
Edinburgh, where he remained three years. Preferring
the study of physic to that of divinity, he returned a sum
he had received for the prosecution of his studies, and
took up his residence at Leyden, where, after three years'
application, he took his degree of M.D., May 16, 1744.
In the same year he published his Pleasures of the Ima-
gination.
"I have heard Dodsley, by whom it was published. relate, that
when the copy was offered 'him. the price demanded for it, which
was a hundred and twenty pounds. being such as he was not in-
clined to give precipitately, he carried the work to Pope, who, hav-
ing looked into it, advised him not to make a niggardly offer; for
'this was no every-day writer.'"-DR. JOHNSON.
The poem was well received; and its circulation not in-
jured by an attack from Warburton, elicited by Akenside's
having adopted Shaftesbury's assertion respecting ridicule
as a test of truth. Jeremiah Dyson took up the cudgels
for Akenside, and thus the young author "awoke and
found himself famous." The Epistle to Curio was his
next publication. This was an attack upon Pulteney,
Earl of Bath, upon political grounds. Different opinions,
of course, were expressed of the merits of this epistle.
"A very acrimonious epistle."-DR. JOHNSON.
"Impressive, moral, and sensible production."-Hutchinson's
Biographia Medica.
In 1745 he published his first collection of odes, and
soon after commenced the practice of medicine at North-
ampton, which he quitted for Hampstead, and in two
years and a half for London. His generous friend, Mr.
Dyson, who had before drawn his pen on his behalf, now
generously drew his purse, and made him the handsome
allowance of £300 per annum. In June, 1751, the Royal
College of Physicians associated him as a licentiate, and
in April, 1754, he was elected a Fellow of the College,
having received a doctor's degree the preceding year by
mandamus at Cambridge. In 1759 he received the ap-
pointment of assistant physician to St. Thomas's Hospital,
and was shortly after made one of the physicians to the
queen. He was selected by the College of Physicians to
deliver the Gulstonian lectures in 1755, and the Croonian
in 1756. Akenside was obtaining considerable eminence,
when he was attacked by a putrid fever, which proved
fatal on the 23d of June, 1770, in his 49th year.
We
should not omit to mention that his thesis upon taking
his degree of M.D. at Leyden, entitled De Ortu et Incre-
mento Foetus Humani, took new grounds upon the subject,
which experience has since confirmed.
In his professional conduct to the indigent patients
placed under his charge, Akenside cannot be too much
blamed. Dr. Lettsom, a pupil at the hospital, tells some
unpleasant truths respecting this matter, which the bio-
grapher would gladly spare. He was
"Supercilious and unfeeling. If the poor affrighted patients
did not return a direct auswer to his queries, he would instantly
discharge them from the hospital; he evinced a particular disgust
to females, and generally treated them with harshness. One leg
of Akenside was considerably shorter than the other, which
obliged him to wear a false heel. He had a pale, strumous coun-
tonance, but was always very neat and elegant in his dress. He
wore a large white wig, and carried a long sword."
We are told that sometimes he would order some of the
attendants on his visiting days to procede him with
brooms to clear the way, and prevent too near an approach
of the patients. Biography is a faithful friend to the
race, when obligod to register the faults and follies of
genius. The living are thus taught circumspection in
their "walk and conversation." How little did Akenside
suppose that a century hence thousands who admired the
poet, would be forced to detest the physician, and despise
the fop!
The pride of Akonside, and his rough treatment
his indigent patients, are the more striking when we
consider that he himself was a pensioner of the generous
Jeremiah Dyson. His lofty pretension, too, was suicidal to
his pride, us it was a continual remembrancer of his obscure
"It has, undoubtedly, a just claim to very particular notice, as
an example of great felicity of genius, and uncommon amplitude
of acquisitions; of a young mind stored with images, and much
exercised in combining and comparing them. . . . The subject is
well chosen, as it includes all images that can strike or please, and
thus comprises every species of poetical delight."
•••
"As I know that Akenside's work on the Pleasures of Imagina-
tion is deservedly one of your most favourite poems. I send you
enclosed what, I have no doubt, you will set a due value upon-
no less than a copy of all the corrections he made with his own
hand on the poem. They were inserted in the margin of his
printed copy, which afterwards passed into the hands of a gentle
man, from a friend of whom, and of my own, a very ingenious
young Templar, I received them."-PINKERTON: Heron's Letters.
These marginal alterations were published by Mr.
Pinkerton.
"Had Akenside completed his plan, his poem would have lost
as much in poetry as it would have gained in philosophy.”—Dr.
AIKIN.
Akenside intended to revise and enlarge this poem, but
he died before his intention was fulfilled.
"His periods are long but harmonious, the cadences fall with
grace, and the measure is supported with dignity.”
Johnson declares that
"Of his odes nothing favourable can be said; the sentiments
commonly want force, nature, or novelty; the diction is some-
times harsh and uncouth," &c.
Yet when Mr. Elliott (father of Lord Minto) was com-
mended for his eloquent speech in support of the Scotch
militia, he exclaimed,
“If I was above myself. I can account for it; for I had been
animated by the sublime ode of Dr. Akenside.”
Gray censures the tone of false philosophy which is to
be observed in the Pleasures of the Imagination:
"The pleasures which this poem professes to treat of, proceed
either from natural objects, as from a flourishing grove, a clear
and murmuring fountain. a calm sea by moonlight, or from works
of art, such as a noble edifice, a musical tune, a statue, a picture,
a poem."
Dr. Dibdin denominates Akenside
"The most perfect builder of our blank verse. Why are his
Pleasures of the Imagination so little perused? There are a hun-
dred (I had wellnigh said a thousand electrical passages in this
charming poem."
"Akenside's picture of man is grand and beautiful, but un-
finished. The immortality of the soul, which is the natural con-
sequence of the appetites and powers she is invested with, is
scarcely once hinted throughout the poem."--WALKER.
found to be lofty and elegant, chaste, correct, and classical."—
"If his genius is to be estimated from this poem, it will be
MRS. BARBAULD.
"In his poem. as an elegant critic has observed with great pro-
priety, he has united the grace of Virgil, the colouring of Milton,
tures of the human mind, and the most lovely forms of true
the incidental expression of Shakspeare, to paint the finest fea-
morality and religion.”—Bucle's Life of Akenside,
...
"Akenside's Pleasures of the Imagination is a very brilliant
and pleasing production. Every page shows the refined taste and
cultivated mind of the author. That it can strictly be called a
work of genius. I am not prepared to admit. . . . . His Hymns
aud Odes have long since fallen into oblivion, aud I do not feel
inclined to disturb their rest. His Inscriptions. however, have
an attic terseness and force, which are unequalled by any produc-
tious of the same class in our language, excepting, perhaps, a few
by our contemporary, Southey."—Necle's Lectures on English
Poetry.
Campbell remarks:
"The sweetness which we miss in Akenside is that which should
arise from the direct representations of life. and its warm realities
and affections. We seem to pass in his poem through a gallery of
pictured abstractions, rather than of pictured things."
"If any young man of genius, classical learning, and poetical
Akenside's Hymn to the Naiads, and submit it to the correction
ardour. would present the world with a Greek translation of
of an experienced Greek scholar before publication. he might es-
tablish a learned and honourable reputation for himself, and add
Sic liceat
another composition worthy of Homer or Callimachus.
magnas Graiorum implere catervas."-Pursuits of Literature.
BOSWELL: Akenside's distinguished poem is his Pleasures of
Imagination; but, for my part. I never could admire it so much
as most people do.' JoHNSON: 'Sir, I could not read it through.'
BOSWELL: I have read it through; but I did not find any great
·
power in it.'"
But on another occasion Johnson gave it as his opinion
that Akonside was a poet superior to both Gray and Ma
son. Boswell tells us that
43
AKE
ALB
When Akenside's Pleasures of Imagination first came out,
he did not put his name to the poem. Rolt went over to Dublin,
published an edition of it, and put his own name to it. Upon the
Lame of this he lived for several months, being entertained at the
best tables, as the ingenious Mr. Rolt."
We need hardly inform those conversant with literary
history that this story has been refuted. We shall excite
a smile from our reader, when we beg him to remember
that bigoted worshipper of the Greeks and Romans, that
getter-up of that renowned "dinner after the manner of
the ancients,"-the inimitable physician in Peregrine
Pickle! The original of this mirth-compelling son of
Esculapius was no less a person than our pompous friend
-Doctor Akenside. Tobias Smollett was a rare hand at
a portrait! Mr. D'Israeli rates Dr. S. soundly for thus
"taking off" his brother of the lancet and bolus:
"Piqued with Akenside, for some reflections against Scotland,
Smollett has exhibited a man of great genius and virtue as a most
ludicrous personage; and who can discriminate, in the ridiculous
physician in Peregrine Pickle, what is real from what is fictitious?"
-Calamities of Authors.
Akenside's works: 1. Pleasures of Imagination, Lon-
don, 1744, 4to, 1763, Svo, with a Critical Essay by Mrs.
Barbauld, London, 1795, 12mo. Numerous editions. In
Italian. Par. 1764. 2. Ode to Lord Huntingdon, London,
1748. 3. An Ode to the Country Gentlemen of England,
London, 1757. 4. An Ode to the late Thomas Edwards,
London, 1763. 5. Notes on the Postscript of a Pamphlet,
entitled, Observations Anatomical and Physiological, by
Alexander Munro, Jr., London, 1758. 6. Oratio Har-
veiana, 1760. 7. De Dysenteria Commentarius, London,
1764. The same, translated into English, by Dr. Ryan,
London, 1766, and by Mr. Motteux, 1768. S. Poems, Lon-
don, 1772. 9. Poetical Works, including the Virtuosa, a
Fragment never before published, with the Life of the
Author, London, 1804.
10. Observations on Cancers,
Medical Transactions, i. p. 64, 1768. 11. Of the use of
Ipecacuanha in Asthmas, ibid. p. 93. 12. A Method of
treating White Swellings of the Joints, ibid.
ibid. p. 104.
13. Observations on the Origin and Use of the Lymphatic
Vessels of Animals, being an extract from the Gulstonian
Lectures, Phil. Trans. Abr. xi. 145. 14. Of a Blow on the
Heart, and its Effects, ibid. xii. 39, 1763.
In speaking of Akenside as a physician, we have already
given him credit for the new, yet legitimate, ground as-
sumed by his thesis De Ortu et Incremento, &c.
"His principal medical work, De Dysenteria Commentarius. has
been commended, and is still to be valued, for the elegance of its
Latinity. Pathology has made great advances since the time of
Akenside, and the distinction between inflammation of the serous,
muscular, and mucous textures, are now better understood. The
treatment of dysentery depends upon the condition of those struc-
tures, and Akenside's book is therefore no longer sought after but
as a specimen of elegant composition."
See Life, Writings, and Genius, by Bucke, 8vo, Lon-
don, 1832; Pleasures of Imagination, by Aikin; Poems,
in the Memoir by Dyce; Biog. Brit.; Johnson's Lives of
the Poets.
Akerby, Geo. Life of Mr. J. Spiller, Lon., 1729.
Akerman, John Yonge. 1. A Numismatic Ma-
nual; or, Guide to the Collection and Study of Greek,
Roman, and English Coins. Illustrated by engravings
of many hundred Types, by means of which even
perfect and obliterated pieces may be easily deciphered,
1 vol. 8vo.
"We have long looked for a work on Numismatics which might
give so much information as every well-educated man ought to
possess, be free from vulgar errors, and at the same time be within
the reach of the general reader. Just such a work has Mr. Aker-
man given us."-Church of England Quarterly Review, Oct. 1840.
lished Commentarius de certa Apocalyptica, London, 1621;
Lexicon Pentaglotton Hebraicum, Chaldaicum, Syriacum,
&c.. 1637; and several other works. Anthony Wood is
loud in his praises:
Alabaster, Wm., D.D., flourished in the end of the
16th and beginning of the 17th century. He was born
in Suffolk, educated at Cambridge, and afterwards incor-
porated of the University of Oxford. He attended Robert,
Earl of Essex, as chaplain in the Cadiz voyage, where he
became a Roman Catholic, and published Seven Motives
for his Conversion, answered by Racstor, 1598, and by
Fenton, 1599; but it has been observed that he discovered
more for returning to the Church of England. He pub-
"He was the rarest poet and Grecian that any one age or nation
ever produced. He hath written Roxana, Tragedia, admirably
well acted more than once in Trin. Coll. Hall in Cambr., and was
soon after published, full of faults, contrary to the author's mind·
whereupon he took great pains to correct and amend it."-Athena
Oxonienses.
Dr. Johnson commends Roxana "as a composition equal
to the Latin poetry of Milton; and Richard Herrick, the
poet, in his Hesperides, doth highly celebrate Alabaster
for his elaborate works. He died about 1640, and was
buried according to the discretion of his dear friend, Nich
Bacon of Grey's Inn."
Alaine, R. A treatise on Astron. Instruments.
Alan De Lynn, flourished about 1420; was born at
Lynn, Norfolk. He applied himself to theology and
philosophy at Cambridge, where he took the degree of
doctor. He was a preacher of note, and left many works,
•
a list of which will be found in Tanner. Let it be recorded
to his credit, for all time, that he was a famous hand at
those invaluable literary charts-indexes. May his ex-
ample be ever honoured by laudable imitation!
dinal of the Church of Rome. His name occurs as one of
Álan, Allen, or Allyn, William, 1532-1594, car-
the translators of the New Testament, Rheims, 1582. He
was the author of a number of works, principally in de-
cate that he used his influence to persuade Philip of Spain
fence of his church, of which he was so zealous an advo-
to invade England. Indeed, he wrote two books to prove
the efficacy of the Bull of Sixtus V., by which he con-
tended that the queen was accursed and deprived of her
crown, and her subjects no longer bound to allegiance.
Fuller says:
勖
​"Hear what different characters two authors of several per
suasions bestow upon him. Ile was somewhat above an ordi-
nary man in stature, comely of countenance, composed in his galt,
affable in all meetings, and, for the gifts of his mind, pious,.
learned, prudent, grave, and though of great authority, humble,
modest, meek, patient, peaceable: in a word, beautiful and adorned
with all kinds of virtues.'-Pits de Anglia Scriptoribus, p. 792.
Look first upon this picture; then on this: 'He was the last of
our English cardinals in time. and first in wickedness; deserving
not to be counted among Englishmen, who, as another Herostratus,
to achieve himself a name amongst the grandees of earth, endea
voured to fire the Church of England, the noblest (without envy
be it spoken) in the Christian world: so that his memory deserveth
he
to be buried in oblivion.' Godwin, in his Catalogue of Cardinals:
'Let them say what they please, certain it is, he was an active
man, and of great parts and prudence.' "—ANTHONY WOOD.
Aland was a friend of that eminent Saxon scholar, Wil-
liam Elstob; and in the preface to his Book of Absolute and
Unlimited Monarchy, he gives an account of Elstob's pro-
im-ject of compiling a very valuable edition of all the Saxon
laws, both in print and MSS. This design was cut short
by Elstob's death. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol.
iv. pp. 117, 120.
Alane. On the authority of the Word of God, &c.
Alanson, E. Sermons. Liverpool, 1723-34.
Alanson, E., surgical writer, London, 1771–82.
Alanus de Insulis, of the 12th century, called Doc-
tor Universalis, is supposed to have been an Englishman,
as well from other circumstances as from the notice of Jo-
seph of Exeter's poem on the Trojan war-
2. Descriptive Catalogue of Rare and Unedited Roman
Coins; plates on India paper, 2 vols. royal 8vo, large
paper, 1834. 3. Ancient Coins: Hispan., Gallia, Britan-
nia, 8vo. 4. Archæological Index to Remains of Anti-
quity, 8vo. 5. Introd. to Study of Anct. and Mod. Coins,
12mo. 6. Legends of Old London, p. 8vo. 7. Numis-
matic Illustrations of the New Testament. 8. Roman
Coins relating to Britain, 8vo. 9. Spring Tide, 12mo. 10.
9. Spring Tide, 12mo. 10.
Tradesmen's London Tokens, 1648-72, 8vo and 4to. 11.
Remains of Pagan Saxondom, 1855, 4to. Other works.
Aland, John Fortescue, first Baron Fortescue of
Credan, 1670-1746, descended from the famous Sir John
Fortescue, Chancellor of England in the reign of Henry VI.
A collection of reports taken by him, and called by his
name, was published in 1748.
"So highly were his literary attainments esteemed, and his
judicial merits appreciated. that the University of Oxford conferred
on him by diploma, in 1733, the degree of civil law.”
"Illic pannoso plebescit carmine noster—
Ennius, et priami fortunas intonat."
In addition to the Anti-Claudianus, he was the author
of numerous works in prose and verse. See Histoire Lit-
téraire de France. His contemporary of the same name
(called "Senior," for distinction) was a native of Lille, in
Flanders.
Albericus de Vere, a canon of St. Osyth's, in Essex,
contemporary with Richard, wrote a life of St. Osyth.
Dugdale makes him the second son of the second Alberic
de Vere, Earl of Oxford, who died early in the reign of
Stephen. A life of St. Osyth, printed in the collection of
Surius, is supposed to be the work of Alberic; but its
brevity renders it more probable that it is a mere abridg-
ment of it. Bale and Pits also attribute to him a history
of his monastery, (which Tanner supposes to have been
41
'ALB
ALC
only a part of the life of St. Osyth,) and a treatise on the
Eucharist. Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Albert, fictitious title of ARMSTRONG, REV. JOHN.
Albin, Eleazar, a drawer and painter in natural
history, and publisher of many works upon insects, birds,
and Fishes, London, 1720, &c.
Albin, J. History of the Isle of Wight, Newport, 1795.
Albine, or De Seres, John, author of a Notable
Discourse against Heresies, 1576, directed against Calvin
and his disciples, answered by Thomas Spark and Robert
Crowley.
Albis, Thomas De. See WHITE, THOMAS.
Albricius lived in the reigns of Kings John and
Henry III., according to Leland. Bale gives London as
the place of his birth, and states that he studied both ac
Oxford and Cambridge. He was eminent as a physician
and philosopher, was a great scholar, and travelled in quest
of knowledge. 1. De Origine Deorum. 2. De Ratione
Veneni. 3. Virtutes Antiquorum. 4. Canones Speculativi.
A treatise, De Deorum Imaginibus, in the Mythographi
Latini, has the name of Albricius attached to it, but the re-
ference inay be to Albricius, Bishop of Utrecht. Sth century.
Albyn, B. Appeal to God and the King. Lon., 1697.
Albyne. Sermons for Benefit of Bath Hospital, 1786.
Alchorne, W. B., B.D. Funeral Sermon, Col. iii.
4, 1674.
|
Alcock, John, LL.D., died 1500, was successively
Bishop of Rochester, Worcester, and Ely. He was born
at Beverly, Yorkshire, educated at Cambridge. He wrote
several works: 1. Mons Perfectionis. 2. Abbatia Spiritûs
Sancti. 3. Homila Vulgares. 4. Meditationes Piæ. 5.
Spousage of a Virgin to Christ, &c. In allusion to his
own name, he wrote a treatise entitled Galli Cantus ad
Confratres suos, decorated with prints of the bird. He
was an excellent architect, and comptroller of the royal
works and buildings under Henry VII. He was also
preferred Lord Chancellor of England by the same
monarch.
Alcock, Mrs. Mary, sister to R. Cumberland.
Poems, London, 1789.
Alcock, Nathan, M.D. The Rise of Mahomet ac-
counted for on Natural and Civil Principles, Lond., 1796.
Alcock, T., pub. Sermons, Essays on Poor Laws,
&c.. 1756, &c.
Alcott, Amos Bronson, b. 1799, at Wolcott, Conn.
He devoted many years to the cause of education, and his
original views on the subject attracted considerable atten-
tion in Europe and America. Conversations with Children
on the Gospels, Bost., 1836, 2 vols. 12mo. See Appleton's
New Amer. Cyc.
Alcott, J. Jesus, King of Saints, &c., 1794.
Alcott, William A., M.D., born 1798 at Wolcott,
Connecticut. Distinguished author and public lecturer on
Physiology, Hygiene, and Practical Education. Has
written and edited upwards of 100 vols. on various sub-
jects, of which the following are a part: House I live in;
Young Man's Guide; Young Woman's Guide; Young
Mother; Young Husband; Young Wife; Young House-
keeper; Lectures on the Ten Commandments; Lectures on
Life and Health; Vegetable Diet Defended; Water Cure;
Prize Essay on Tobacco; &c. &c. &c. Also has been
editor of and contributor to many moral and educational
journals. Many of Dr. Alcott's works have been very
popular.
brated for the number of noble youths who crowded thither
to imbibe instruction from the lips of that prelate. Al-
cuin was distinguished above his fellows by his applica-
tion to the study of the sciences, which were taught by
Egbert's kinsman, Aelbert, who succeeded him in 766 in
the see of York, and in the management of the school.
Alcuin was Aelbert's favourite pupil; when about twenty
years of age he was chosen to accompany him on a visit
to the Continent in search of books and of new discoveries
in science, and on that occasion he resided a short time at
Rome. In 781, Alcuin visited Parma, on his return from
Rome, and there met with Charlemagne, who had also
been at Rome. That monarch was then meditating the
foundation of scholastic institutions throughout his domi-
nions, and being well informed of Alcuin's great reputa-
tion for learning, if not already personally acquainted
with him, he invited him to settle in France, and to be-
come his adviser and assistant in his projects of reform
Alcuin readily complied with the king's desires; but he
continued his journey home to fulfil his original commis-
sion, and to obtain the consent of the Archbishop of York
and the King of Northumbria (Alfwold) to the proposed
arrangement. With the approbation of his spiritual and
temporal superiors, having chosen some of his own pupils
as companions, he returned to France in the year 782.
The position of Alcuin at the court of Charlemagne
during his first residence in France has been compared
and contrasted with that of Voltaire and other learned
foreigners, who were patronized by Frederick the Great.
Without holding any actual employment, he lived as the
friend and counsellor of the Frankish monarch, was the
companion of his private hours, which were spent in dis-
cussing questions of theology and science, and acted as
the instructor of his children. After remaining about
eight years in France, he resolved to return to York.
Charlemagne begged him to come back speedily, and make
the court of France his lasting home; a request to which
Alcuin was willing to consent, if he could make it consist-
ent with his duties to his native country. "Although,"
he said, "I possess no small inheritance in my own coun-
try, I will willingly resign it, and in poverty serve thee;
let it be thy care to obtain the permission of my king and
my bishop." Alcuin came to England in the year 790, as
ambassador from Charlemagne to King Offa, to arrange
some misunderstanding which had arisen between these
two great monarchs. From 792 to 796 Alcuin continued
to reside at the court of Charlemagne, in the same relation
to his patron as before his visit to England. His position
was rendered agreeable, not only by the favour of the
royal family, but by the society of a circle of learned
friends; yet his happiness was frequently interrupted by
grief at the troubles with which his native country was
visited.
Alcuin, 735-804. The last of the distinguished
Anglo-Saxons, whose name shed lustre on the empire of
the Frankish monarchs in the eighth century, was Aleuin.
There is only one early life of Alcuin, which is anonymous,
and was written in 829, by a person who obtained much
of his information from Sigulf, Alcuin's friend and dis-
ciple it is printed in the editions of Alcuin's works, in
the Acta SS. Ord. S. Bened. of Mabillon, in the collection
of Surius, and in the Acta Sanctorum of the Bollandists.
The richest source of information relating to his history
is his Epistles. Much has been written concerning Alcuin
in modern times; a sketch of his life is given by Mabil-
lon; a more extensive life was composed in Latin by the
prince-Abbot Frobenius, and prefixed to his edition of
his works. More recently Alcuin's life has been published
by Dr. Frederick Lorenz, Professor of History at the Uni-
versity of Halle, (1829,) translated into English by Jane
Mary Slee, (sm. Svo, London, 1837.) Born at York about
the year 735, of a noble family, Alcuin was scarcely
weaned from his mother's breast when he was dedicated
to the church, and intrusted to the care of the inmates of
the monastery; and on reaching the proper age he was
placed in the school of Archbishop Egbert, then cele-
Alcuin's letter to the monks who had escaped from the
massacre at Lindisfarne will serve as a specimen of his
epistolary style. We give some extracts:
"Beatissimi Patris sancti scilicet Cudbereti Episcopi optimis in
Christo filiis Hugibaldo Episcopo omni Congregationi Lindisfar
nensis Ecclesiæ, Alchuinus Diaconus, cœlesti in Christo benedio
tione salutem.
"Vestræ vero caritatis familiaritas præsentem multum me
lætificare solebat: sed versa vice vestræ tribulationis calamitas,
licet absentem, multum me quotidie contristat. Quomodo pagani
contaminaverunt sanctuaria Dei, et fuderunt sanguinem sancto-
rum in circuitu altaris. Vastaverunt domum spei nostræ, calca-
verunt corpora sanctorum in templo Dei quasi sterquilinium in
platea. Quid nobis dicendum est, nisi plangendum animo vobis-
cum ante altare Christi, et dicere: Parce Domine, parce populo
tuo, et ne des hæreditatem gentibus, ne dicant pagani, ubi est
Deus Christianorum? Quæ est fiducia Ecclesiis Britanniæ. si
Sanctus Cudberctus suam non defendit cum tanto sanctoruin
numero? Aut hoc majoris initium est doloris, aut peccata habi.
tantium hoc exegerunt. Non enim quiddam casu contingit, sed
magni cuilibet meriti judicium est. Sed modo, qui residui estis,
state viriliter, pugnate fortiter, defendite castra Dei. Mementote
Judam Machabeum, quia templum Dei purgavit, et populum
eruit, ut eliberavit extranea. Si quid corrigendum sit in moribus,
mansuetudinis vestræ, citius corrigite. Patronos vestros ad vos
revocate, qui vos ad tempus dereliquerunt. Non defuit illis potes-
tas apud Dei clementiam; sed nescimus, cui tacuerunt. Nolite
gloriari in vanitate vestium; hæc non est gloria sacerdotum et
servorum Dei, sed contumelia. Nolite in ebrietate verba orationum
...
vestrarium delere. Non exeatis post luxurias carnis et avaritias
seculi; sed in servitio Dei et regularis vitæ disciplina firmiter per-
manete, ut sanctissimi patres, qui vos genuerunt. vobis protec-
tores esse non cessent. . . . Et tu. Pater Sancte. Dux populi Dei.
Pastor gregis sancti. medicus animarum. lucerna super candela-
brum posita, esto forma in omni bonitate cunctis te videntibus.
Sit tuus comitatus honestis moribus, aliis exemplum ad vitam,
nou ad perditionem. Sint tibi epulæ, non in ebrietate, sed in so-
brietate. Sint vestimenta tuo gradui condigna. Noli te confor
mare seouli hominibus in vanitate aliqua. Inanis ornatus vesti-
mentorum, et cultus inutilis tibi est opprobrium aute homines, et
45
ALC
ALC
trescens exquisitis comere vestibus. Vestiatur et satietur Chris-
peccatum ante Deum. Melius est animam in perpetuum perma-
hentem bonis ornare moribus, quam corpus cito in pulvere pu-
tus in paupere. ut hæc faciens regnet cum Christo. Redemptio
viri propriæ divitie. Si aurum diligamus, præmittamus nobis in
cœlum, ubi servabitur nobis. et quod umemus, habemus. Amemus
æterna, et non peritura. Veras diligamus divitias. et non caducas;
sempiternas non transitorias. Paremus nobis laudem a Deo, et
non ab hominibus. Faciamus, quod fecerunt, sancti, quos lauda-
mus. Sequamur illorum vestigia in tenis, ut illorum gloriæ con-
sortes esse mereamur in cœlis.”
1 In 803, Alcuin's zeal in defending the privileges of the
church drew upon him the temporary displeasure of Charle-
magne, and his grief on that occasion probably hastened
his death. He died at Tours, on Whitsunday, the 19th of
May, 804, and was buried with great pomp in the church
of St. Martin. An epitaph, written by himself in Latin
elegiacs, was placed on his tomb, and is preserved by his
ancient biographer.
!
The Epistles form the most interesting portion of Al-
cuin's works, not only as being the principal source of in-
formation relating to his character and life, but for the light
which they throw upon contemporary history. Though
his Latin is far from pure, these Epistles are in general
clear and dignified; the latter characteristic sometimes de-
generates into inflated pompousness. Next in importance
Next in importance
to the Epistles, are his Poems, which are extremely varied
in character, consisting of a long piece in hexameters on
the bishops and saints of the church of York, an elegy on
the destruction of Lindisfarne by the Danes, and a con-
siderable number of epigrams, epitaphs, and ænigmata.
The best of these poems in point of composition, and that
which has been most frequently quoted, is the Elegy on
the Destruction of Lindisfarne. Latin poetry did not flou-
rish in the age of Alcuin, and it is not much in favour of
this piece to say that it is superior to most of the poems
of the time. The following reflections on the uncertainty
of human happiness, are perhaps the most striking pas-
sage it contains:
"Postquam primus homo Paradisi liquerat hortos,
Et miseras terræ miser adibat opes:
Exilioque gravi pœnas cum prole luebat,
Perfidiæ quoniam furta maligna gerit:
Per varios casus mortalis vita cucurrit,
Diversoque dies omnis habetat homo:
Fatali cursu miscentur tristia lætis;
Nulli firma fuit regula lætitiæ.
Nemo dies cunctos felices semper habebit,
Nemo sibi semper gaudia certa tenet.
Nil manet æternum celso sub cardine cœli,
Omnia vertuntur temporibus variis.
Una dies ridet, casus cras altera planget,
Nil fixum faciet tessera læta tibi.
Prospera conturbat sors tristibus impia semper,
Alternis vicibus ut redit unda maris.
Nune micat alma dies, veniet nox atra tenebris,
Ver floret gemmis, hiems ferit hocque decus.
Sidereum stellis culmen depingitur almis,
Quas nubes rapuint imbriferæ subito.
Et sol ipse die media subducitur ardens,
Cum tonat undosi auster de vertice poli. (sic.)
Sæpius excelsos feriunt ut fulgura montes,
|
last editor of the works of Alcuin has given a collection
of pieces either doubtful or decidedly supposititious, among
which the only one of any importance is the Confessio
Fidei, which has been believed by many scholars and theo-
logians to be a genuine work of the preceptor of Charle-
magne. There can be no doubt that some of the writings
of Alcuin are lost: among these the most important must
have been the Biography of Charlemagne, attributed to
him on the authority of an expression of Eginhard; though
it is somewhat doubtful whether such a work ever existed.
Many of the writings of Alcuin were published sepa-
rately, or in collections, during the 16th century. His
works were first printed collectively, but very imperfectly,
by André Duchesne (under the Latinized name of Andreas
Quercetanus) in 1617. A far more complete edition was
published in 1777, by Frobenius, Prince-Abbot of St. Em-
meram at Ratisbon. But this also might be rendered much
more perfect by a collection of the manuscripts preserved
in our English libraries. Many of the separate editions of
the writings of Alcuin are extremely rare. It is probable
that some of them have entirely escaped our researches.
Of others we can only speak from the indications of biblio-
graphers. Some of the letters have been printed singly in
books, which, it was not considered necessary to point out.
It may be observed that the manuscripts in England con-
tain several inedited letters.
Summaque silvarum flamma ferire solet;
Sic major magnis subito sæpissime rebus
Eveniet casu forte ruina malo."
The theological writings of Alcuin are generally divided
into three classes: his Commentaries on the Scriptures,
which are characterized by the same partiality for typical
interpretations as characterizes those of Bede, his Dog-
matic Treatises, and his Liturgic Works, (Opera Liturgica.)
The Commentaries consist of the Questions and Answers on
the Book of Genesis, which were translated into Anglo-
Saxon, the Comments on the Penitential Psalms, on the
Song of Solomon, and on the Book of Ecclesiastes, the
Interpretationes Nominum Hebraicorum, and the Com-
mentaries on St. John, and on the three Epistles of St.
Paul. His principal Dogmatic writings are the treatises
de Fide Trinitatis and De Processione Spiritus Sancti, and
bis books against Felix and Elipandus. Under the head
of Opera Liturgica are classed the Liber Sacramentorum,
the treatise De Psalmorum Usu, the Officia per Ferias, and
the tracts De Virtutibus et Vitiis and De Animæ Ratione.
To these works are joined four lives of Saints, three com-
piled by Alcuin, those of St. Martin of Tours, of St.
Richarius, and of his countryman Wilbrord, (the latter in
prose and in verse,) and one, that of St. Vedastus, com-
posed by an older writer, but corrected and edited by him-
self. The tracts which Alcuin compiled for the purposes
of instruction are few, and are not remarkable for their
manner or the information they contain; they consist of
four treatises, De Grammatica, De Orthographia, De Rhe-
torica et Virtutibus, and De Dialectica, with several brief
tracts, some of which are of doubtful authenticity. The
10
EDITIONS OF ALCUIN.-Alcuinus de Fide Trinitatis, in the Homi-
liarum, Basilio per Nicolaum Kessler, anno MCCCCXCVIII. No-
nas Augusti. Reprinted in other Homiliaria of the 16th century.
Alcuinus de Fide Trinitatis. Impressum est præsens Opusculum
in Uttinpurrha Monasterio SS. MM. Alexandri et Theodori, Ord.
S. Ben. Anno MDIX. Cal. Sept. This was the first production of
the printing-office established in the monastery of Ottoburg by
Abbot Leonard. Albini Diaconi Anglici in D. Joannis Evangelion
gentorati, Anno MDXXVII. Svo. D. Albini Caroli illius Magni
commentariorum libri septem, Christiana fruge refertissimi. Ar-
olim præceptoris, in Genesim Quæstiones, a Menardo Molthero
restitutæ. Hagano per Io. Sec., Anno MDXXIX. Svo. Alcuint
Dialectica and the Dialogus de Rhetorica, edited together by Me-
nardus Moltherus. Svo, Hageno. 1529. Alcuinus de Fide Trini-
tatis, Svo, Argentorati. 1530. Albini Theologorum suætatis doctis-
simi, in Ecclesiasten Commentaria. Basile, ex officina Bebeliana,
MDXXXI. Svo. Frobenius states it as doubtful if this edition
were printed at Basil or Strasburg. It is dedicated to John Long-
land. Bishop of Lincoln. Albini in Septem Psalmos Pœnitentiales
et exviii. Psalmum. et in Cantica Graduum. Expositio. Paris. ap.
Nicolaum Divitem, 1547. Svо.-Miкрожрεσßurikov, Basil, 1550, p.
445. The Questiones in Genesin. The Quæstiones in Genesin, and
the Expositio in Psalmos Pœnitentiales, were printed in the collec-
tion of the Orthodoxographi, fol. Basil, 1555. Alcuini Liber Sacra-
mentorum, was printed in Jacobi Pamelii Opera Liturgica, Colon.,
1561, 1571, and 1609. Alcuini Institutiones Rhetorica, per Mat.
Gallenum. 4to. Duaci, 1564. Commentarius in Psalmos Poeniten-
tiales. Svo. Paris, 1568. De Virtutibus et Vitiis, in the Bibl. Pat-
rum, Paris, 1575. Homeliæ. Col., 1576. The Quastiones in Gene
siu, inserted in the Bibliotheca Patrum, fol. Paris, 1579, tom. ix.
Commentaria in Ecclesiasten, cum Epistola de Baptismi Cæremo-
niis, Svo, Paris, 1589. De Sanctissima Trinitate Libellus; Admo-
dum reverendi patris F. R. Alcuini Albini Abbatis quondam S.
Martini Turonensis: ad serenissimum ac potentissimum regem ac
imperatorem Augustum Carolum Magnum. Repertus primum et
descriptus e vetusto codice in celeberrimo virorum divino cultui
mancipatorum coenobio Augiæ Divitis nuncupato, ac nunc demum
industria Nicolai Kalt typis divulgatus, Constantiæ, 1596. Antiqui
Rhetores Latini. Ex bibliotheca Francisci Pithoei IC. 4to. Paris,
1599, pp. 359-382. Alcuini sive Albini de Arte Rhetorica Dialogus.
Some of his epistles were printed at Ingolstadt, 4to, 1601. Cani-
sius. Lectiones Antiquæ, fol. 101. Ed. Basnage. fol. Antverpie,
vitiis. pp. 379-456. Alcuin's Epistles. from a MS. at St. Gallen,
tom. ii. p. 376. Supplementum ad Alcuini librum de Virtut. et
pp. 457-471. his homily on Wilbrord, and the metrical life of that
Saint, pp. 488-505. Alcuini Dialectica, pp. 50f-538. Alcuini Gram-
matica, 529-548. Epistola de Canticorum Loco, and the treatise
De Caeremoniis Baptismiattributed to him. Thesaurus Homiliarum
seu Concionum, ex probatissimorum patrum. et SS. Ecclesiæ Ca-
tholic tam Græcorum quam Latinorum Doctorum monumentis,
ab Alcuino Flacco, jussu Caroli Magni primum acri judicio erectus,
commodoque ordine pro ratione temporis in totius anni Evangelia
distributus. Tandem vero pro meliori usu, religi osissimi et doc-
tissimi F. Laurentii Surii Carthusiani opera. in totius anni Episto
adytis petitis plurimum auctus, ab innumerisque mendis vindica
las concionibus exegeticis ex eisdem antiquissimorum Patrumn
tus. fol. Col. Agrip. 1604. The homilies of Alcuin only form the
foundation of this work.-Dialectica Alcuini. 4to, Ingolstadt. 1004.
Grammatica Latina Auctores Antiqui. Opera et Studio Heli
Putschii, 4to. Hanov., 1005. coll. 2075-2142. Flacci Aleuini. Caroli
Magni Imp. Magistri, Grammatica. Opera, collected and edited by
André Duchesne, fol. Paris. 1617. Alcuini Dialectica, cura Met.
Weiss. Salisburgi. 1629. Historia Francorum Scriptores. Opera
ac Studio Andreæ du Chesne Geographi Regis. fol. Lut., Paris,
1636. Tomus ii. pp. 668-690. Twenty-eight letters of Alcuin. pp.
Compendium in Canticum Canticorum, ex edit. Patr. Junii, Lon-
690-693, four Epitaphs. and his Versus ad Carolum Imperatorein.
don, 1638. D'Achery, Spicilegium sive Collectio veterum aliquot
Scriptorum, 4to. 1654, tom. vi. pp. 391 and 396, three letters of Al-
cuin, tom. ix. p. 111. preface to the Exposition of the Psalms. Nova
editio, fol. Paris, 1723. tom. iii. 321. 322, 323. the letters and preface
to the Psalms. Confessio, seu Doctrina de Deo. edited by Chifflet,
4to, 1656. Acta Sanctorum. etc.. 1658. The Life of St. Vedastus.
Acta Sanctorum Crdinis S. Benedicti, Sæc. ii. fol. Lut. Par., 1CC9,
ALD
ALE
|
pp. 187-197. The life of St. Richarius, Sec. lii. pars prima, fol. Lut.,
Paris, 1672, pp. 601-629. The two lives of Wilbrord, Sec. iii. pars
secunda, fol. Lut. Par., 1672, pp. 558-569. A large portion of the
poem on the Bishop of York, given as anonymous. Mabillon, Vetera
Analecta, Svo, Paris, 1675-85, tom. i. p. 369. Versus de Cuculo, tom.
iv. pp. 272-312. Twenty-six letters of Alcuin previously inedited. p.
522. Alcuini versus de Aquila Episcopo Saltzburg. Nov. Ed. fol.
Paris, 1723, pp. 398-08. The twenty-six Epistles, p. 409. Alcuini
versus de Cuculo, p. 348. The verses on Aquila (Arno.) Historia
Britannica, Saxonica, Anglo-Danica, Scriptores xv. Opera Th. Gale,
vol. i. fol. Oxon., 1691, pp. 703-732. The poem De Pontificibus et
Sanctis Ecclesiæ Eboracensis. Pezius, Thesaurus Anecdotorum No-
vissimus, fol. Augusta Vindelicorum, 1721, tom. ii. pars. 1. col. 1-10.
Alcuini Opusculum de Comparatione Novi et Veteris Testamenti,
and seven Epistles to des Historiens des
Arno. Recueil Gaules et
de la France. Tome Cinquième, Par Dom Marten Bouquet. fol.
Paris, 1744. pp. 604-620. Twenty-five Epistles of Alcuin. Beati
Flacci Albini seu Alevini Abbatis. Caroli Magni Regis ac Imperatoris |
Magistri, Opera. Post primam editionem. a viro clarissimo D. An-
drea Quercetano curatam. de novo collecta, multis locis emendato.
et opusculis primum repertis plurimum aucta, variisque modis
illustrata. Cura ac Studio Frobenii. S. R. I. Principis et Abbatis
ad S. Emmeramum Ratisbona. Tomi duo in quatuor volumini-
bus. fol. Ratisbon, 1777.—Abbreviated from Wright's Biog. Bril. Lit.
Alday, J. Trans. of Theatrum Mundi, &c., Lon., 1754.
Alden, Joseph, D.D., LL.D., b. 1807, in Green county,
N.Y.; grad. at Union College, N.Y., 1828; received the
degree of D.D. from the same institution, 1838, and that
of LL.D. from Columbia College, N.Y., 1857. He pur-
sued his theological studies at Princeton, N.J.; was for
two years a tutor in Nassau Hall; was for many years Pro-N.H., Asst. Ed. Home Journal, N. York, a poet of much
fessor of Rhetoric in Williams Coll., Mass.; Prof. of Moral promise. 1. Miscellaneous Poems, 12mo. 2. The Course
Philosophy in Lafayette Coll., Pa. In Jan. 1857, he became of True Love never did run Smooth, 1858, N. York, 12mo.
President of Jefferson Coll., Pa. Dr. Alden has confined
his efforts as a writer chiefly to the department of Sunday-
school literature. Among his numerous works for the young
may be mentioned The Example of Washington, The
Patriot's Fireside, Religion in Fashionable Life, &c. At
one time editor of the New York Observer, and has been a
large contributor to its columns. He is engaged [1858] in
the preparation of a text-book ou Intellectual Philosophy.
Alden, Rev. Timothy, 1771-1839. Collection of
American Epitaphs, 5 vols. 18mo, N. York, 1814.
Alden, T. J. F. Index to the Reports of the Decisions
of the Supreme Ct. of the U. States, from Dallas to 14th
Howard, inclusive, 3 vols. 8vo, Phila., 1854.
"He not only wrote poetry, but lived the life of a true poet.”
Aldrich, or Aldridge, Robert, died 1555-1556,
was Bishop of Carlisle in the reigns of Henry VIII., Ed-
ward VI., and Mary. He was a friend of Leland's, and
corresponded with Erasmus. 1. Epistola ad Gulielmum
Hormanum. 2. Epigrammata varia. 3. Several Resolu-
tions concerning the Sacraments. 4. Answers to certain
Queries concerning the abuses of the Mass.-Biog. Brit.
Aldrich, Thomas Bailey, b. 1836, Portsmouth,
•
This piquant little volume. by the author of Babie Bell.' tells
of the haps and mishaps of two Eastern lovers whom a whimsical
cious verse. the truth of Shakspeare's line,
old caliph endeavors to keep apart, and illustrates, in most deli-
'The course of true love never did run smooth.'”
ing the Adoration of our B. Saviour in the Holy Eucharist,
Oxford, 1687-88. 2. Artis Logica Compendium, Oxford,
1692, 1696, 1704, 1750. 3. Elementa Architecturæ Civilis ad
Vitruvii Veterumque Disciplinam et recentiorum præser-
tim ad Paladii exempta probatiora concinnata, Oxf., 1789.
In his first character-as a disputant-Burnet places
him among the more distinguished divines "who managed
and directed this controversial war."
Aldington, Maj. Military treatises, Lon., 1804.
Aldington, J. Poem on Shooting, 1767.
Aldrich, James, 1810–1856, an American poet and
journalist, b. near the Hudson, in the county of Suffolk.
He received his education partly in Orange county, and
partly in the city of New York, where, early in life, be re-
linquished the occupation of a merchant and devoted his
attention entirely to literature. Edited two or three popular
periodicals. See specimens of his poetry in Griswold's Poets
and Poetry of America. In the words of his physician, Dr.
Kissam,
Aldridge. See ALLDRIDGE, W. T.
Aldridge, W. Doct. of the Trinity, on John v. 5, 1777.
Hand, London, 1769.
Aldridge, W., and Holdsworth, W. Natural Short
Alen, or Allen, Edmond, died about 1559, was a
native of Norfolk. Strype praises him as a great proficient
in Greek and Latin, an eminent Protestant divine, and a
learned minister of the gospel. He wrote a number of
theological works, and translated some into English.
Edinburgh, a divine of the Confession of Augsburg.
Ales, or Alesius, Alexander, 1500-1565, born at
Patrick Hamilton, the first Scotch martyr, was the means
of his conversion to the doctrines of the Reformation. He
wrote a number of theological works, and translated Ed-
ward VI.'s first Liturgy for the benefit of Bucer.
Ales. See ALEXANDER DE HALES.
Alder, Robert, Wesleyan Missions, London, 1842.
Alder, Thomas. Medical Treatises, London, 1804-05.
Aldersey, S. Voyage to Alexandria and Cairo, 1586.
Alderson, J., M. D. Besides writing professional
treatises, Dr. A. published several upon Agriculture and
Geology, 1788, &c.
Aldhelm. We shall meet with more than one great
scholar formed by the teaching of Theodore and Adrian.
The most celebrated of these was Aldhelm, a scion of the tive of Rockbridge county, Virginia. He was educated at
Alexander, Archibald, D.D., 1772–1851, was a na-
illustrious family of the West-Saxon kings. Aldhelm was
born in Wessex; but the date of his birth is uncertain, Mr. Graham. He was licensed to preach October 1, 1791,
Hampden Sydney College, and studied theology with Rev.
although it may be placed with sufficient probability about
the year 656. Aldhelm was not a voluminous writer. The ordained by the Presbytery of Hanover, June 9, 1794, and
for some years was a pastor in Charlotte and Prince Ed-
works which alone have given celebrity to his name are
his two treatises on Virginity and his Enigmata. The ward. He was chosen President of Hampden Sydney
prose treatise De Laude Virginitatis continued to be a fa- College in 1796, pastor of the 3d Presbyterian Church in
vourite book with our Anglo-Saxon forefathers up to the Philadelphia in 1807, and first Professor of Didactic and
time of the Norman Conquest, and numerous early manu-
Polemic Theology of the Princeton (New Jersey) Theolo-
scripts of it are still preserved. Aldhelm's Latin compo-gical Seminary on its establishment in 1812, which office
sitions have been frequently cited as an example of the he retained until his death in 1851. Dr. Alexander's cha-
false style of the early Anglo-Latin writers. Even as far racter was most exemplary in all the relations of life. His
back as the 12th century, William of Malmsbury felt him- principal works are, Evidences of Revealed Religion; On
self obliged to offer an apology for him, grounded on the the Canon of Scripture: Christian Experience; History of
African Colonization; History of the Israelites; Annals of
taste of the age in which he lived. His writings are on
the one hand filled with Latinized Greek words, and with the Jewish Nation; Advice to a Young Christian; Bible Die-
awkward expressions that render them obscure; while on tionary: Counsels from the Aged to the Young; Thoughts
the other they abound in the alliterations and metaphorical on Religious Experience; History of the Log College.
"Professor Alexander published his very useful volume on the
language which characterized his native tongue. Aldhelm's Canon of Scripture, as a supplement to a treatise on the Evidences
prose is much less pleasing than his verse, because it is far of the Christian Religion, which has been very favourably received
in North America. This treatise on the Canon is avowedly com-
piled from the previous labours of the most eminent critics, espe
cially Bishop Cosin's Scholastic History of the Canon of the Old
Testament, and the ample collections of the impartial and indefa-
less harmonious.
Aldred, died about 1069, an Anglo-Saxon prelate.
Tanner gives him credit, perhaps without much probability,
for two works: 1. Pro Edgaro Rege contra Tyrannidem
Normannorum, lib. i. 2. Epistolas ad Exiles, lib. i.
Aldini, John. 1. An Account of the Late Improve-tigable Dr. Lardner, and the learned Jeremiah Jones. The first
ments in Galvanism, &c., Lon., 1803, 4to, with plates. 2. part of Dr. Alexander's treatise discusses the Canon of the Old
Application of Galvanism to Medical Purposes, 1819. Testament: in the second part are considered the Canon of the
New Testament, and the reasons for which the Apocryphal books
students (especially in North America) who may not have access
are deservedly rejected from the Sacred Canon. To divines and
to numerous and more costly works, this treatise is a very useful
and acceptable present."-Horne's Introduction.
Aldred, Jer. Sermon on Psalm xviii. 48, 49, 1716.
Aldrich, C. Sermon after the Plague, Ex. xxxiii. 19.
Aldrich, Henry, D. D., 1647-1710, of Christ Church,
Oxford. He was eminent as a controversialist, (in oppo- "A useful Treatise on the Canon.”—BICKERSTETH.
sition to Popery,) as an architect, and as a musician. His "Morison's preface is well worthy of a perusal ... The ‘Evi
principal works were, 1. Reply to Two Discourses concern-dences of Christianity' is a masterly performance."-LOWNDE
47
This work was published. Princeton, 1826, 12mo, Lon-
don, 1828, 12mo. A new ed. was published, Lond., 1833,
12mo, with introductory remarks by John Morison, D.D.
ALE
ALE
After Dr. Alexander's decease, there was pub. from his
MS. a work entitled Outlines of Moral Science, 1852.
"Though not aspiring to the dignity of a treatise, it forms a most
compact and convenient text-book.... The author has had a clear
perception of the limits of his subject, and has not aimed at making
it a manual of the whole duty of man.'. . . It is a calm, clear stream
of abstract reasoning, flowing from a thoughtful. well-instructed
mind, without any parade of logic, but with an intuitive simplicity
and directness which gives an almost axiomatic force. From this
characteristic we could almost have conjectured what is stated in
the preface, that the study of ethical philosophy was the author's
favourite pursuit for at least threescore years, and that for forty
years it formed a branch of academic instruction in connection with
his theological course."- Westm. Rev., Jan. 1853.
Alexander, B., M.D., d. 1768, trans. Morgagni's Seats
and Causes of Diseases inves. by Anatomy, Lon., 1769.
Alexander, Caleb, D.D., of Mass., U. S. of America,
d. 1828. 1. Essay on the Deity of Jesus Christ, &c., 1793.
2. Lutin Grammar, 1794; and an English Grammar.
Alexander, D. Con. to Annals of Med., vi. p. 303, 1801.
Alexander, D., M.D. Treatise on Croup, Hudd., 1794.
Alexander, D. T. A Call to the Jews. Lon.
Alexander De Hales, d. 1245, a celebrated English
theologian, was called by his contemporaries the Irrefragable
Alexander, Joseph Addison, D.D., b. 1809, Phila-
Doctor and the Fountain of Life. So highly was he esteemed delphia, third son of Dr. Archibald Alexander, (q. v.,) grad.
by Pope Innocent that he ordered him to compile the Summa at Coll. of N.J., Princeton, 1826; was appointed Adjunct
Theologica. He also wrote some commentaries on the Scrip- Prof. of Ancient Languages and Literature in his alma
tures. The comments. were printed at Venice, 1496, 1575; mater, 1830, which office he resigned in 1833; elected Prof.
Leipsic, 1594; Cologne, 1621. The Summa, at Venice, 1475, of Biblical Criticism and Ecclesiastical History 1838, and
'96, 1576; Nuremb., 1481-82; Paris, 1489; Basel, 1502, &c.
in 1852 he was transferred to the Chair of Biblical and
Alexander, E. Con. to Med. Com., xv. p. 373, 1790.
Ecclesiastical History. 1. The Earlier Prophecies of Isaiah,
Alexander Essebiensis, an English poet and theo- N. York, 1846, Svo. 2. The Later Prophecies of Isaiah, N.
logian, flourished about 1220. He wrote a Chronicle of Eng-York, 1847, Svo. The two reprinted in 1 vol., 968 pp., by
land; A Medical Compendium of Bible History; A Life of Collins, of Glasgow, with an Introduction by the Rev. John
St. Agnes, &c. See Bale; Tanner's Bibliotheca.
Eadie, LL.D., Prof. of Biblical Literature to the United
Presbyterian Church.
Alexander, J. God's Covenant Displayed, Lon., 1684.
Alexander, J. Theological works, Lon., 1680, 1727.
Alexander, J. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1740.
Alexander, J. Dissert. on Quick Lime, Glasg., 1760.
Alexander, J. Essays, Lon., 1768.
Alexander, J. Con. to Med. Com., iii. p. 186, 1775.
Alexander, J. Eau de Luce, &c.; Med. Com., xiv. p.
297, 1789.
Alexander, Sir J. E. (Captain.) This celebrated
traveller has given us his adventures and observations in
fourteen volumes, pub. 1827-38. 1. Travels from India to
England, 1825-26, Lon., 1827.
"Containing many lively and interesting descriptions, more par-
ticularly of scenes in Burmah."-Quar. Rev.
2. An Expedition of Discovery into the Interior of Africa,
&c., Lon., 1838.
"In this narrative we find Captain Alexander, as hitherto, lively
and entertaining."-Lit. Gaz.
3. Life of the Duke of Wellington, 2 vols. 8vo.
"It condenses within popular limits the dry military details."-
London Globe.
Alexander, James Waddell, D.D., b. 1804, Louisa
county, Va., eldest son of Dr. Archibald Alexander, suc-
cessively Prof. at Princeton in College and Theol. Sem.,
Pastor in Charlottesville, Va., Trenton, N. J., and Fifth Ave.
Presb. Church, N. York.
"He is highly appreciated as an author; and his works have a
practical utility which renders them highly popular.
1. Gift to the Afflicted. 2. A Geography of the Bible, Phila.,
1830, 12mo, compiled by J. W. and J. A. Alexander. 3.
The American Mechanic and Workingman's Companion,
N. York and Phila., 2 vols.
piness of departed spirits, and of the resurrection of the same body,
(it will perhaps surprise the reader,) is founded on the 15th chapter
of the 1st Epistle to the Corinthians. None of these important truths,
however, could Mr. Alexander find here."-ORME.
"We can but touch upon these excellent little volumes; for the
variety which they contain forbids all hope of giving a just idea of
their contents without numerous extracts. We hope their circu-
which is allowing them a long lease of public favour."-Lit. World.
lation will widen until better books of the same kind are written,-
4. Thoughts on Family Worship, 12mo. 5. Consolation;
or, Discourses to the Suffering Children of God, N. York,
8vo. 6. Memoir of Rev. Archibald Alexander, N. York, Svo.
7. Plain Words to a Young Communicant, 12mo; also in
Welsh. He has written more than thirty juvenile works for
the Amer. Sunday-school Union, of which the best-known
are: Infant Library, Only Son, Scripture Guide, Frank
Harper, Carl The Young Emigrant, &c. 8. The American
Sunday-School and its Adjuncts, Phila., 1856: a valuable
book to all interested in Sunday-schools. Contributed to
Princeton Rev. since its commencement in 1825.
Alexander, John, 1736-1765, an Irish Unitarian mi-
nister. 1. A Paraphrase upon the 15th Chapter 1 Corinth. :
see Monthly Rev., O. S., vol. xxxiv. 443–451. 2. Com-
mentary on the 6th, 7th, and 8th Chapters of Romans; and
a Serm. on Eccles. ix. 10, composed the day preceding his
death, Lon., 1766.
"This work contains a few good critical remarks; but the
logical creed of the writer occupies a most prominent place through-
out. The denial of the doctrine of the atonement, of a state of hap-
5.
Alexander, John Henry, b. 1812, at Annapolis, Md.
1. Treatise on Mathematical Instruments used in Survey-
ing, Levelling, and Astronomy, by F. W. Simms; edited,
with Copious Additions, Balt., 1835, 8vo; 1839, Svo; 1848,
Svo. 2. Treat. on Levelling, by F. W. Simms; with large
Additions, Balt., 1838, Svo. 3. Contrib. to a History of the
Metallurgy of Iron: Pt. 1, Balt., 1840, 8vo, pp. xxiv., 264,
plates. 4. Contributions, &c.: Pt. 2, Balt., 1842, Svo.
Introïts; or, Ante-Communion Psalms for the Sundays and
Holy-Days throughout the Year, Phila., 1844, 12mo. 6. Re-
port on Standards of Weights and Measures for the State of
Maryland, 1846, 8vo, pp. iv., 213. 7. Universal Dictionary
of Weights and Measures, Ancient and Modern, Balt., 1850,
r. Svo, pp. viii., 158. S. Catena Dominica, Phila., 12mo. 9.
Reports on the New Map of Maryland; annual from 1838
to 1840, Annapolis Public Printer. Various papers, to be
found in the scientific journals of America, England, France,
and Germany.
Truly such a theologian as Professor Alexander is a credit to
his country and a blessing to the age. His introduction alone to
his commentary on Isaiah is a contribution of surpassing value.
It evinces a vast range of acquaintance with the early and modern
schools of interpretation.”—Evangelical Mag.
We reckon it among the best commentaries on Isaiah of any
age or language."-DR. EADIE.
3. The Psalms Translated and Explained, 3 vols. 12mo,
N. York, 1850. Of this work 10,000 volumes were sold in
less than four years.
**
"Dr. Alexander's recently-published work on the Psalms is well
known in the literary world. It is a splendid exegetical work, and
places its author at once in the highest rank of this department of
literature."-Knickerbocker.
4. Isaiah Translated and Explained, [An abridgment of
Nos. 1 and 2,] 2 vols. 12mo, N. York, 1851.
5. Essays on the Primitive Church Offices, [reprinted
from the Princeton Review,] N. York, 1851.
Dr. A., in connexion with Dr. Hodge, is preparing a
Commentary on the New Testament, several vols. of which
have been published.
Alexander, L. Jewish Poor in London, &c., 1802.
Alexander Le Partiger, an English ecclesiastic of
the thirteenth century. See Tanner for a list of his works.
Alexander Neckam. See NECKAM.
Alexander, Stephen, LL.D., b. 1806, at Schenectady,
N.Y., grad. at Union Coll. 1824, and matriculated at the
Theol. Sem. at Princeton, 1832; was elected Adjunct Prof.
of Mathematics in the same institution, 1834, which position
he filled until 1840, when the Professorship of Astronomy
was created and assigned to him. In 1845, he succeeded
to the Chair of Mathematics, which he exchanged, in 1854,
for the Professorship of Mechanics and Astronomy. He
occupies a deservedly high position as an astronomer.
Among his papers which attracted the most attention is
one on the Physical Phenomena attendant upon Solar
Eclipses, read before the Amer. Phil. Soc. at their centen-
nary meeting, 1843, and pub. in their proceedings. Funda-
mental Principles of Mathematics, in Amer. Jour. Sci.,
1849. On the Origin of the Forms and the Present Con-
dition of some of the Clusters of Stars and several of the
Nebula, pub. Amer. Ast. Jour. This valuable paper has
attracted the notice of the leading astronomers of the world.
He has contributed other important papers to many of the
principal scientific journals. See Appleton's New Amer. Cyc.
Alexander, Thomas S. Practice of the Court of
Chancery and County Courts as Courts of Equity, in Mary-
land, Balt., Svo, 1839.
Alexander, W. L. 1. The Connection and Harmony
of the Old and New Testaments, Lon., 1841. 2. High
Catholicism not Apostolical, Edin.. 1843. 3. Switzerland
and the Swiss Churches, Glasg., 1846. 4. Life and Corre-
theo-spondence of Dr. Wardlaw; 2d ed., p. 8vo.
•
Alexander, Wm. Medulla Historia Scotiæ, &c.
Alexander, Wm., draftsman to Earl Macartney during
48
ALE
ALF
Alfred the Great, 848-901, the youngest child of
Ethelwolf and Osburgha, was born in the royal manor of
Wantage in Berkshire, where the kings of the West-Sax-
ons had a palace, supposed to have been built on the site
of a Roman station. History has preserved several anec-
dotes of the childhood and youth of this great prince.
He was distinguished above all his brothers by his beauty,
graceful manners, and early display of talent, and was on
that account the favourite of his parents. Alfred's efforts
for the restoration of literature in England were great,
and to a certain degree successful. The following works
were either written by him or have been attributed to him:
1. In order to make his subjects more generally ac-
quainted with ancient history, Alfred translated into Eng-
lish the historical work of Orosius. A manuscript of this
translation is in the Cottonian Library, Tiberius, B. 1,
Alexander, Wm., Earl of Stirling, 1580-1640, from which it was printed by Daines Barrington. Ano-
ec tamenced to be an author at the early age of fourteen. ther copy is now, with the other manuscripts belonging to
B: was born at Menstrie, Scotland, and was a descendant the Lauderdale Library, in the possession of Lady Dysart.
of the family of Macdonald. James I. and Charles I. were 2. The Anglo-Saxon version of Bede's History of the
both much attached to him. The first gave him a grant of Anglo-Saxon Church has also been generally attributed to
Nova Scotia in 1621, which charter has since been the Alfred. Manuscripts of this work are in the Public Li
cause of considerable discussion. In his Aurora he pre-brary of the University of Cambridge, and in Corpus
sented the public with more than a hundred sonnets, songs, Christi College, Cambridge, No. 41, the latter of whick
and elegies, as a poetical display of an ill-requited pas- belonged to Leofric, Bishop of Exeter. The other manu
sion, which distance from the object of his attachment script (MS. Cotton. Otho, B. xi.) was destroyed by the
fire in the Cottonian Library. This book also has been
printed.
could not remove.
the embassy to China, afterwards in the print-department
of the Brit. Museum. 3. Sketches from Nature made in China,
Lon., 197. 4. The Costume of China, pub. in numbers.
Alexander, Win. Hist. Cat. H. Scriptures, Lon., 1815.
Alexander, Wm. Conduct of Maj.-Gen. Shirley, &c.
Alexander, W., "of the University of Pennsylvania."
Poctical Works, including Christian Dramas, and Minor
Poems, with Dissertation on Poetry, and a Sketch of his
Life, Phila., 1847.
"We are rather inclined to think that Mr. Alexander has alto
gether mistaken his vocation. A scholarly appreciation of what is
beautiful in literature, with earnest religious feelings, is not enough
to make a poet."-Literary World.
Alexander, Wm., M.D. Short Survey of the Lineal
Descent of the Sov. Princes of Europe, Edinburgh, 1703.
Alexander, Wm., M.D. Medical works, &c., Edin.
and Lond., 1767-79.
"He was greatly superior to the style of his age."-HORACE
WALPOLE.
"The Parænesis of Sir William Alexander is a noble poem."-
PINKERTON.
After perusing our author's poems, Addison remarked
that
CC
The beauties in our ancient English poets are too slightly
passed over by modern writers, who, out of a peculiar singularity,
had rather take pains to find fault than endeavour to excel."
Among his other works are four tragedies in alternate
rhyme, denominated Monarchicke, viz.: Darius, published
1603; Croesus, 1604; The Alexandrian Tragedy, and Ju-
lius Cæsar, 1607.
|
"These pieces are not calculated for the stage; but include
some admirable lessons for sovereign power, and several choruses
written with no small share of poetic vigour.”—DR. DRAKE.
"My philosophical poet."-JAMES I.
"His Parænesis and Aurora are almost classical performances,
and well merit republication.”—DR. ANDERSON.
“John Dunbar, Arthur Johnston, and Andrew Ramsay, have
lauded the Earl of Stirling in their Latin poetry. Daniel has com-
plimented him before the edition of his Philotas in 1605; Davies of
IHereford has done the same in his Scourge of Folly and Wit's Bed-
lam; Hayman addressed two plaudits to him in his Quodlibets;
Habington commended his Tragick Raptures and Doomes-Day in
Castara; Drayton gave him affectionate praise in his epistle to
Henry Reynolds, Esq.-Purk's Walpole's R. & N. Authors.
Aleyn, Charles, died about 1640, was a poet of con-
siderable reputation. 1. The Battle of Cressey and Poic-fred's direction.
tiers, 1632. 2. The History of Henry VII., &c., 1638.
3. The History of Euriolus and Lucretia, 1639, translated
from neas Sylvius. Dr. Thomas Wykes says he had
read over the "Historie of Henrie," and "judges it worthy
of being made public."
"For I was certain that this book by thee
Was dedicated to eternity.”
|
Aleyn, J. Reports Select Cases in Banco Regis.1681-88.
Alford, Rev. Henry, B.D., b. 1810, London, Vicar of
Wymeswold, Leicestershire, grad. at Trinity Coll., Cam-
bridge. Poems and Poetical Fragments, Camb., 1831. The
School of the Heart, and other Poems, 2 vols., 1835. Abbot
of Muchelnaye, and other Poems, 12mo. Chapters on the
Poets of Ancient Greece, Svo, 1841. The Consistency of the
Divine Conduct in Revealing the Doctrines of Redemption:
being the Hulseau Lectures for 1841. To which are added
two Sermons preached before the University of Cambridge,
Camb., 1842. Part the Second, 1843. Psalms and Hyrans
adapted to the Sundays and Holydays throughout the Year,
to which are added some occasional hymns. Lon., 1844.
Poetical Works, 2 vols. 12mo. Select Poetical Works, 12mo;
Bost., 1853, 12mo, pp. 424. Serms., 8vo. Serms. at Quebec
Chapel, 2 vols. 8vo. Village Serms., 12mo. Greek Testa-
ment, with Notes, &c.: vol. i., 1844: vol. ii., 1852; vols.
iii. and iv., 1856, '57. See Memoirs by his son, Svo, 1855.
Alford, J., Trans. of a work upon the Lute, Lon., 1568.
Alford, Joseph. The Church Triumphant, Lon., 1649.
Alford, or Griffith, Michael, 1587-1652, born at
London. Britannia Illustrata, 1641. Fides Regia Bri-
tannica, sive Annales Ecclesia Britannica, &c., 1663.
•
3. Alfred translated for the more especial use of bis
clergy the Pastorale of Pope Gregory, and is said to have
sent a copy of it to each of his bishops, whose names
were severally inserted in the translator's preface. Three
of the original copies thus sent are still preserved, ad-
dressed to Wulfsige, Bishop of Sherborne, (in the Public
Library, Cambridge,) to Wærferth, Bishop of Worcester,
(in the Bodleian Library, MS. Hatton, No. 88,) and to
Plegmund of Canterbury, (MS. Cotton. Tiberius, B. xi.)
The latter is very much injured by the fire. The Cam-
bridge MS., which had been preserved in the cathedral of
Wells, and was sent by Bishop Jewel to Archbishop Par-
ker, is as clean and fresh in appearance as when it came
from the hands of Alfred's scribe, and is a noble specimen
of Anglo-Saxon writing. The Cottonian MS. Otho, B. ii.,
now destroyed by the fire, contained a copy from the one
sent by the king to Hehstan, Bishop of London, appa-
rently of the 10th or beginning of the 11th century. There
is also a somewhat later transcript of Wulfsige's copy of
the Pastorale in the library of Trinity College, Cam-
bridge, and another manuscript of the book in the library
of Corpus Christi College, No. 12. This work has not
been printed. The Dialogues of Pope Gregory were
translated by Warferth, Bishop of Worcester, under Al
"A work of no very ordinary occurrence, and, at the same time,
of very considerable utility; as treating fully of the church his
tory of this country from the earliest period to the reign of Heury
II."-DIBDIN.
4. Another work of the king's, which is still preserved,
is a select translation of the Soliloquies of St. Augustine.
A copy of it is in MS. Cotton. Vitellius, A. xv., but it has
not been printed.
5. One of the most interesting of Alfred's translations
is that of the treatise of Boethius De Consolatione Philo-
sophie, a work exceedingly popular during the Middlo
Ages. It is more freely translated than his other books,
and exhibits, more than any of them, the philosophical
turn of Alfred's mind. The original is said to have been
glossed for the king by Asser, to render it more easily in-
telligible. A manuscript of this work, written in the
common hand of the 10th century, Otho, A. vi., has been
so much injured by fire that it consists only of a few
ragged leaves. A transcript of it is preserved among the
manuscripts of Junius in the Bodleian Library. Another,
written towards the beginning of the 12th century, is iu
the Bodleian Library. It has been twice printed.
6. Alfred's Manual, or Hand-book, (as he called it,) ex-
isted in the time of William of Malmsbury. Asser says
that it was about the size of a Psalter, and that Alfred
entered in it prayers and psalms, and his daily observa-
tions, and that he always carried it about with him. It
appears, from William of Malmsbury, that it also contained
historical anecdotes and miscellaneous entries.
7. William of Malmsbury informs us that the king, at
the time of his death, had commenced an Anglo-Saxon
version of the Psalms, which he left unfinished; some
have pretended that Alfred translated other parts of the
Bible.
S. Most writers who have given lists of Alfred's works
include among them what they call Alfred's Proverbs.
This work, which has been recently printed, is preserved
in two manuscripts, in MS. Trin. Coll., Cambridge, B. xiv.
4
ALF.
ALF
xxxix., and in MS. Col. Jes., Oxford, i. xxix.; a third,
MS. Cotton. Galba, A. xix., perished in the fire. They
are of the beginning of the 13th century. It is a collec-
tion of moral instructions in verse, conveyed in popular
proverbs, supposed to be addressed by him to his people
and to his son, but it has no claim to be ranked among
his works. This tract must have been in existence early
in the 12th century, for it is mentioned by Ailred of
Rievaux.
9. The translation of Esop's Fables attributed to King
Alfred was probably not more genuine. Our knowledge
of this book is derived from the Epilogue to the fables of
the Anglo-Norman poetess Marie, who says that she
translated them from Alfred's English version:
Cardale, Svo, London, 1829.
King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon version of the Metres of Boethius,
with an English Translation, and Notes. By the Rev. Samuel Fox,
Svo, London, 1835.
Reliqui Antiquæ. Edited by Thomas Wright and James
Orchard Halliwell, vol. i. Svo, London, 1841, pp. 170-188. The Pro-
verbs of King Alfred.—Abbreviated from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Alfred of Beverly, born about 1100, derives his
chief importance from the dispute which has arisen whether
he preceded or came after Geoffrey of Monmouth. Histo-
rians and bibliographers have all fixed at too early a date
the period when Alfred of Beverly compiled his history.
All that we know of his life is derived from his own writ-
ings. While occupied with his historical researches, it
appears that the history of Geoffrey of Monmouth was
published, and began to create a great sensation. Alfred
hearing people talk of British kings of whom he was en-
tirely ignorant, and ashamed to be obliged continually to,
confess that he knew nothing about them, became anxious
to obtain a sight of the new history, and with much diffi-
culty succeeded. He perused it with avidity, and, charmed
with the novelty of its contents, he would have made a
transcript of it for himself if he had been allowed suffi-
cient time, and had possessed money enough to buy the
materials at once; but this not being the case, he deter-
mined to make an abridgment of it. Alfred informs us
that, having abridged the history of the Britons, he de-
termined to abridge other historians, so as to continue his
book through the Saxon and Norman times. We trace, as
having gone through this process, among others, Bede,
Florence of Worcester, and the Northern writer Simeon
of Durham, which historian appears to have been the last
he used, for Alfred's history closes in the same year with
that of Simeon, A.D. 1129, the 29th year of Henry I. His
historical notices are extremely brief, and his style is that
of the ordinary writers of his age. Bale has increased the
number of works attributed to Alfred of Beverly, by mak-
ing three different titles out of his one known historical
epitome. He is said to have written a life of John of
Beverly; but we know with more certainty that he was the
author of a work on the rights and privileges of his church,
which he is said in the title to have translated from Eng-
lish into Latin, and which was preserved in the Cottonian
Library, but the volume containing it unfortunately pe-
rished in the fire. Edition, Aluredi Beverlacensis Annales,
sive Historia de Gestis Regum Britanniæ, Libris ix., e co-
dice pervetusto.. Descripsit ediditque Tho. Hearnius,
Oxon.. 1716, 8vo.-Abbrev. from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Alfred, (flourished 1170,) who by some writers is
named the Philosopher, is enumerated by Roger Bacon
among those who had translated the Arabian books of
science into Latin. Pits, partly on the authority of Boston
of Bury, tells us that he wandered in search of learning
through France and Italy, and that at Rome he was re-
ceived into the family of Cardinal Ottobini, who made him
his chaplain, and brought him to England, when he was
He died on the 28th of October, 901. His children, and sent as legate by Pope Urban IV. to make peace between
even his grand-children, inherited from him the same great- Henry III. and his barons. This however cannot be cor-
ness of mind, and love of science and literature, which rect, for one of Alfred's principal works, the translation
were so conspicuous in his own character. His name con- (from the Arabic) of Aristotle's treatise, De Vegetabilibus
|
tinued to be cherished among his countrymen till the ex- et Plantis, is dedicated to Roger of Hereford, whose con-
tinction of Anglo-Saxon independence, and it was without temporary he must have been. In the manuscripts of this
doubt the subject of numerous traditionary stories and book, preserved in the Bibliothèque Royale at Paris, the
anecdotes. Even in the 12th and 13th centuries his memory author is sometimes named simply Magister Alfredus, and
was kept alive as the burden of popular songs, and by at others Alfredus de Sarchel. M. Jourdain states reason3
productions similar to the fables and proverbs already for believing that this work was translated in Spain. Pits
mentioned.
mentions the titles of several other books attributed to
EDITIONS OF KING ALFRED'S WORKS.-The preface to the Pasto- him, most of which are still extant: they arc, 1. De Musica,
rale was printed with Asser's Life, by Matthew Parker, fol., Lond., of which he gives as the first words, Licet mihi inter medi.
1574; it was reprinted at Leydon, in 1597, par Bon. Vulcanium
tandum. 2. In Boethium de Consolatione Philosophiæ, in
Brugensem, in a scarce, anonymous work, entitled De Literis et
Lingua Getarum, sive Gothorum: it was again printed by Camden, five books, not now known to exist. 3. In Meteora Aristo-
in his Anglica Normanica, &c. Scripta, fol. Francof., 1603; and telis.
telis. This is preserved in a manuscript in the Royal
afterwards by Wise, in his edition of Asser, Svo, Oxon., 1722.
| Library at Paris, where the author's name is corruptly
Spelt Alphiolus. 4. De Rerum Natura. M. Jourdain be-
lieves this to be the treatise De Causis Elementorum, which
is found in most of the manuscripts joined to the transla-
tion of Aristotle De Vegetabilibus, and clearly resembles
it in style. 5. De Motu Cordis. M. Jourdain thinks this
may be the same as a short treatise, evidently translated
from the Arabic, which is found under the same title in a
MS. in the Royal Library at Paris, MS. Lat. No. 6443.
Historia Ecclesiastice Gentis Anglorum Libri V. a Venerabili
Beda Presbytero scripti. Edited by Wheloc., fol., Cantabr., 1643.
Alfrel's Anglo-Saxon version of Bede.
An. Manl. Sever. Boethii Consolationis Philosophiæ Libri V.
Anglo-Saxonice redditi ab Alfredo, inclyto Anglo-Saxonum Regl.
Ad apographum Junianum, expressos edidit Christophorus Raw
Jinson, e Collegio Reginæ. Svo. Oxon., 1698.
Historiæ Ecclesiasticæ Gentis Anglorum, &c. Auctore Baeda.
Auctore Baeda.
Edited by Smith, fol., Cantabr., 1722, pp. 471-649. Anglo-Saxon
version of Bede.
66 Esope apelum cest livre,
Qu'il translata e fist escrire;
De Griu en Latin le turna.
Li reis Alvrez, que mert l'ama,
Le translata puis en Engleis;
Et jeo l'ai rimée en Franceis, etc."
MS. Hurl., No. 978, fol. 87, vo.
Some of the manuscripts of these fables give a different
reading of the name, but that of Alfred is the best sup-
ported. His name long continued to be popular, and was
probably affixed in different ways to many such works as
the two fast mentioned. The introduction to a Latin ver-
sion of Esop, preserved in a manuscript in the British
Museum, also mentions Alfred's English translation, in a
manner which can leave little doubt of the existence of
such a book bearing that monarch's name.
The old bibliographers, such as Bale and Leland, enu-
merate other works under the name of Alfred, for which
there is no authority. We think also that it is not neces-
sary to place among the king's literary productions his
enactments, which are printed in all the editions of the
Anglo-Saxon laws.
+
The Anglo-Saxon version, from the historian Orosius, by Elfred
the Great, together with an English Translation from the Anglo-
Saxon, Svo. London, 1773. By Daines Barrington.
The Will of King Alfred. Oxford: at the Clarendon Press,
1788, 4to.
His translations are executed with much spirit. As he tells
us himself, he "sometimes interprets word for word, and
sometimes meaning for meaning;" and he not unfrequently
inserted passages of his own. The most interesting of his
works in respect to this latter point are, his version of
Boethius, containing several very remarkable additions,
and his Orosius, in the geographical part of which he has
given the valuable narratives of two northern navigators,
Öhtere and Wulfstan, whom he had personally examined.
In point of style, Alfred's translations may be considered
as the purest specimens we possess of Anglo-Saxon prose.
Former biographers have been induced to give him the
fame of being a poet as well as a prose writer; this is ow-
ing to Asser's account of the love which the king showed
always to his native poetry, and of the metrical version
of the Metres of Boethius, attributed to him. We have
already stated it as our opinion that these metres were not
the work of Alfred; they were probably composed by
some obscure writer of the 10th century, who imagined
that Alfred's version of Boethius was imperfect so long as
the metres were only given in prose. If Alfred had
written verse, it would certainly have possessed some of
the higher characteristics which distinguish that class of
compositions in the Anglo-Saxon language; and we can-
not believe that he would have submitted to the puerile
occupation of arranging his own words in alliterative
couplets.
The Will of King Alfred, reprinted from the Oxford ed. of 1788;
with a preface and additional notes by Thomas Astle, 8vo, 1828.
King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon version of Boethius de Consolatione
Philosophie, with an English Translation, and notes. By J. S.
50
ALF
ALI
į
6. Leland mentions a treatise by this writer, (or some per-
son of the same name,) De Educatione Accipitrum. Per-
haps the Aluredus Anglicus, mentioned by Boston of Bury
as Cardinal Ottoboni's chaplain, and as the author of the
treatise on music, and the Commentary on Boethius, was a
different person from the philosopher.-Abbreviated from
Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
|
Alfric, or Alfred of Malmsbury, flourished in 990.
William of Malmsbury tells us that he was a learned man.
The old bibliographers attribute to this writer a scientific
treatise De Naturis Rerum, and a history of his abbey, De
Rebus sui Coenobii. No such works, however, are now
known to exist. William of Malmsbury has wrongly at-
tributed to this Alfric the writings of Alfred of Canter-
bury.—Abbreviated from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
church, divided, like the former, into two books. A copy
of this work will be found in MS. Cotton. Julius, E. vii.
7. One of the next works of Alfric, or at least one of those
completed before he was raised to a bishopric, was the
translation of the Heptateuch. 8. A treatise on the Old
and New Testament, addressed to Sigward at East-Heolon,
which was printed with a translation by Lisle. 9. A treatise
on the Trinity, addressed to Wulfgeat at Ylmandune,
preserved in manuscript in the Bodleian Library. 10. The
abridgment of Ethelwold's Constitutions, for the monks of
Eynsham, preserved in manuscript at Cambridge, MS.
Coop. Chr. Coll., No. 265. 11. Perhaps Alfric was the
author of the translation of the life of Guthlac, by Felix
of Croyland, preserved in MS. Cotton. Vespas. D. xxi.
12. An Epistle to Sigferth, on the marriage of the clergy.
While Bishop of Wilton he probably wrote, 13. The Sermo
Ælfrici episcopi ad clericos, and 14. The Sermo ad Sacer
dotes, both preserved in MS. Coop. Chr. Coll., Camb., No.
265, and in other manuscripts. The latter found also in
MS. Cotton. Tiber. A. iii., is addressed to Bishop Wulfsine,
and is also known as Alfric's Canons. It has been printed.
These are in Latin and in Anglo-Saxon.—Abbreviated
from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Alfric of Canterbury, died 1006. No Anglo-Saxon
writer has excited so much interest in modern times by his
works as Alfric the Grammarian, as he has been generally
named, from his grammar; and yet there are few whose
personal history is involved in so much confusion and un-
certainty. This arises, in part, from the name having been
extremely common among the Anglo-Saxons, and from
the difficulty of identifying the author of the different
books which bear this name by internal evidence. Leland Alfric Bata, d. 1051. He informs us that he was the
separated one Alfric into three, and Bale gave each of disciple of the elder Alfric (not of Ethelwold) at Winches-
these three a distinct chapter. On the other hand, Usherter. He is known principally as having republished and
joined three into one, confounding Alfric of Canterbury enlarged some of the books of scholastic instruction con-
with Alfric of York and Alfric of Malmsbury. The his-pied by his master, more particularly the Colloquiuin,
torians of the 12th and 13th centuries, such as William of printed by Mr. Thorpe. It is probable that he also repub-
Malmsbury, and Matthew Paris, do not seem to have es- lished Alfric's Grammar and Glossary, for they are joined
caped from the same confusion.
with the Colloquium in the manuscript of the latter pre-
served at Oxford; and in the copy of the grammar printed
by Somner there is a short epistle connecting Alfric's name
with that of King Canute, which cannot refer to Alfric of
Canterbury. He is supposed to be the author of the Life
of Ethelwold; also of one of the homilies (entitled in some
manuscripts In Natale Unius Confessoris) a marginal
note to which, in one of the manuscrip.s, states that it was
composed at the desire of the younger Ethelwold, Bishop
of Winchester, who is said to have succeeded Cynewulf in
1008.— Abbreviated from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Alfric is said to have been descended from a noble family,
his father being Ealderman or Earl of Kent. When young,
his education was intrusted to one of the secular priests,
who, as he says, could with difficulty understand Latin,
and from whose misconduct he seems to have derived a
contempt for the whole class of secular clergy. We think
it probable that Alfric remained at Winchester, until A.D.
985 or 989, when he was sent by Alfheh, then Bishop of
Winchester, to regulate or govern the newly-established
Abbey of Cerne, in Dorsetshire, at the request of the foun-
der, Ealderman Ethelmer. The next event in the life of
Alfric is his promotion to the Bishopric of Wilton. We
are justified in believing that he filled this bishopric during
a very brief period previous to the death of Sigeric of
Canterbury, in 995. In 995, Alfric succeeded Sigeric as
Archbishop of Canterbury; and it is remarkable that in
the instrument of his election he is called simply a monk
of Abingdon. All we know of the remainder of his life
is, that he ruled his diocese with vigour and piety during
a period of continual sufferings from the inroads of the
Danes. Bridferth, who dedicated to him his life of Dun-
stan, speaks of the wonderful extent of his learning. Alfric
died on the 16th of November, 1006.
1
Alfrid. 1. Appeal in the Case of M. A. Fitzherbert,
1790. 2. Letters: View of the Polit. State of Europe, 1793.
Alger, William Rounseville, b. 1823, at Free-
town, Mass. 1. Symbolic History of the Cross of Christ,
18mo. 2. Oriental Poetry, or Metrical Specimens of the
Thought, Sentiment, and Fancy of the East; with an His-
torical Introduction, 12mo. 3. History of the Doctrine of
a Future Life as it has prevailed in all Nations and Ages, 8vo.
"An extraordinary amount of solid learning and deep research,
abounding with innumerable beauties of thought."
Ed., with an Introduction, Studies of Christianity; or,
Timely Thoughts for Religious Thinkers, by Rev. Jas.
Martineau, Bust.. 1858.
It is probable that the greater part of Alfric's numerous
writings are still extant. They consist chiefly of transla-
tions, and may be conveniently divided into three classes:
those intended for the instruction of youth, theological
works written after his mission to the Abbey of Cerne, and
those which he composed after his elevation to the Bishop- Alison, Archibald, 1757-1839, son of Andrew Alison,
ric of Wilton. 1. The Latin Grammar, which is a trans- of Edinburgh, was matriculated at Baliol College, Oxford,
lation from the old grammars of Donatus and Priscian, in 1775. He was senior minister of the Episcopal Chapel,
and from which Alfric has derived his title of Grammati- Cowgate, Edinburgh. In 1790 he published Essays on the
cus. Several manuscripts of his grammar are preserved, Nature and Principles of Taste, which work has attained
and it was printed by Somner in the 17th century. The a wide celebrity. He gave to the world a number of ser-
second, or Anglo-Saxon, preface alludes to his homilies, mons, 1809-15, also a Memoir of the Life and Writings of
and therefore must have been written after he left Win- | Lord Woodhouslee. Trans. Ed. R. Soc. vii. 515, 1818.
chester. 2. The Glossary of Latin words most commonly
used in conversation, (for which purpose it was intended,)
which is generally found in the same manuscripts with the
Grammar, was also published by Somner. 3. The Collo-
quium, or conversation in Latin, with an interlinear Saxon
gloss, intended to further the same object as the Glossary,
and forming a second book to it. 4. We ought probably
to attribute to Alfric the Anglo-Saxon Manual of Astrono-
my, which occurs so frequently in early manuscripts. It
is found in a large manuscript of Alfric's works in the
Public Library of the University of Cambridge, and con-
tains many of the characteristics of Alfric's writings, par-
ticularly his expressions of contempt for the "unlearned
priests;" recently printed. 5. A collection of homilies,
(the greatest of all Alfric's works,) amounting in number
to eighty, and written, as he acknowledges, at the sugges-
tion of Ethelmer and Ethelward. 6. After this collection
was completed, Alfric, at the request of Ethelward, com-
piled from the Latin another set of homilies, commemo-
rative of the different saints revered by the Anglo-Saxon
Algernon. The Royal Wanderer, &c.; a Tale, 1815.
Algood, M. Funl. Serm. on Rev. G. Richbell, 1684.
Alingham. Account of the Nat. and Use of Maps, 1703.
Alison, Alexander. 1. History of the Future, p. 8vo.
2. Second Reformation. p. Svo.
"Mr. Alison maintains that all beauty, or, at least, that all the
beauty of material objects, depends upon the associations that may
have connected them with the ordinary affections of our nature;
and in this. which is the fundamental point of his theory, we con-
ceive him to be no less clearly right, than he is convincing and
judicious in the copious illustrations by which he has sought to
establish its truth.”—LORD JEFFREY.
Dr. Dibdin extols Mr. Alison's style highly:
"The beautiful and refined fancy, and melodious style of this
writer. render his works deserving of a conspicuous place in every
well-chosen library."
“An excellent and highly-pleasing work on taste."-LoWNDES.
Mr. Alison's sermons have been greatly commended:
“These remind us more of the beautiful harangues of Fenelon,
or of the celebrated Oraisons Funèbres of Bossuet, than of any
British growth and manufacture. The beauty of the style and
imagery is almost sure to attract the attention: and the mind must
be dull and sullen indeed that offers a long resistance to the stronger
charms which form the grand characteristics of these eloquent dis-
We can hardly help envying the talent by which
Mr. Alison has clothed so much wisdom in so much beauty, and
made us find in the same work the highest gratifications of taste.
and the noblest lessons of virtue.-Edinburgh Review.
courses.
51
ALI
ALL
Alison, Sir Archibald, Bart., D.C.L., eldest son
of the preceding, was b. at Kenley, Shropshire, Dec. 29,
1792, at which place his father was then vicar. He was
educated in Edinburgh, where his father was then settled.
He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1814, and
that and the following year he travelled on the Continent,
and pub. his Travels in France; 2d ed., 1816, 8vo. He
was made Sheriff of Lanarkshire in 1828; Rector of Glas-
gow Univ., 1851; created a baronet, 1852. He esta-
blished a high reputation by his Principles of the Criminal
Law, Edin., 1832, and The Practice of the Criminal Law,
which have become standard authorities with the Scottish
His History of Europe from the Commencement of
the French Revolution to the Restoration of the Bour-existing system of Poor Laws.
bons, pub. in 10 vols. 8vo, 1839-42, established his reputa-
tion in Europe and America. The 8th Edinburgh ed.—
The 8th Edinburgh ed.
New Library Edition-was pub. 1849-51, 14 vols. Svo,
£10 108.; in r. 8vo, £21. 9th ed.,-People's Edition,
1853-55, 12 vols. p. Svo, and Index vol., £2 118. It has
been reprinted in Paris, Brussels, America, &c., and
trans. into French, German, Hindostanee, and Arabic.
bar
Mr. Alison is a high Tory in politics, evidences of which
fact will be found in his Essays, Political, Historical, &c.,
(originally pub. in Blackwood's Mag.,) 1850, 3 vols. 8vo.
In 1840 he pub. Principles of Population, 2 vols. 8vo, in
which he combats the theory of Malthus.
"Mr. Alison takes a larger-perhaps a loftier-view of the subject
of Population than all others. His work possesses a vast fund of
matter and personal observation; and those who peruse the volumes
will have their minds expanded by various and enlarged specula
tion and instructed by the new light in which existing information
is placed."-Lon. Spectator.
In 1847, he pub. a treatise on Free Trade and Fettered
Currency, Svo; and in the same year, The Life of the Duke
of Marlborough; 2d ed, 1852, 8vo; 3d ed., 1855, Svo. In
1852-57 he pub. vols. i.-vi. of the History of Europe from
1815-52. Of Sir Archibald's first historical work (1789-
1815) we have many criticisms before us, but can afford
room for brief extracts from two or three only.
"It is, upon the whole, a valuable addition to European litera-
ture, evidently compiled with the utmost care: its narration. so
far as we can judge, is not perverted by the slightest partiality.
Its defects, or what we deem such, are matters partly of taste and
partly of political opinion. Its merits are minuteness and honesty,
-qualities which may well excuse a faulty style, gross political
prejudices, and a fondness for exaggerated and frothy declama-
tion. . . . Whenever we have been led to compare the conflicting
accounts of any important event in Mr. Alison's history. we have
almost invariably found that his narrative steers judiciously be-
tween them and combines the most probable and consistent par-
ticulars contained in each. Mr. Alison's general style is not at
tractive. It is not, however, at least in the narrative part of it,
either feeble or displeasing. Its principal defect is the cumbrous
and unwieldy construction of its sentences, which frequently
causes them to appear slovenly and obscure, and sometimes ren-
ders their precise meaning doubtful.”—Edin. Rev., lxxvi. 1.
"No work could have made such progress in national opinion
without substantial qualities. Its vigour of research and its manli-
ness of principle, its accurate knowledge and its animation of style,
have been the grounds of its remarkable public favour, as they are
the guarantees for its permanent popularity."-Blackw. Mag.
"An accomplished civilian of our own has lately closed with an
account of this final struggle (battle of Waterloo) a voluminous
history, which has, we kuow, enjoyed in its progress a very high
share of popularity. Agreeing as we do with many of Mr. Alison's
political opinions, and approving the spirit of his moral reflections,
we have no disposition to question the general merits of a work,
&c. We may be pardoned for remarking, in general, that a writer
of Mr. Alison's particular qualifications would have acted wisely
in compressing the military narratives and disquisitions which
abound in his volumes, and in abstaining from certain conclu-
sions which, coming from him. possess, indeed, no other authority
than that which his mere powers of language can invest them,
but may be quoted by interested persons for their own purposes.—
persons who would otherwise pay little attention to Mr. Alison or
his work."-Lon. Quar. Ren.. Ixx. 467.
"The History of Europe during the French Revolution is by far the
most remarkable historical work of the century."-For. Quar. Rev.
Those who desire to pursue the subject still further are
referred to Lon. Quar. Rev., vols. lxx., lxxii., lxxiii., lxxvi.;
Edin. Rev., 1xxvi.; Blackw. Mag., xlii., xlvi., xlviii., 1.,
lii.; Westm. Rev., xli., (by W. R. Gregg;) N. Amer. Rev.,
Ivi., (by F. Bowen ;) Dubl. Univ. Mag., viii., x., xi., xx. ;
Amer. Whig Rev., i. 341, (in which will be found strictures
on his Toryism;) and other articles in various periodicals.
Sir Archibald Alison's Life of John, Duke of Marlbo-
rough, with some Account of his Contemporaries and of
the War of the Succession, must be read as a preface to his
histories. Of the 2d ed. the author remarks,
"In this edition, which will be considerably more than double
the size of the first, the author has endeavoured to convert the
military sketch which alone was attempted in the first edition
into a more complete history, on the same plan in respect to de-
tail and reference to authority as his History of Europe. No
pains have been spared in consulting the best authorities on the
subject, both in Great Britain and on the Continent."
52
Alison, R. A Plaine Confutation of a Treatise of
Brownism, entitled A Description of the Visible Church,
London, 1590. An Houre's Recreation in Musicke, apt
for Instruments and Voyces, London, 1606.
Alison, William Pulteney, M.D., political econo-
mist, physician, and Professor of the Practice of Medicine
in the University of Edinburgh, is a younger brother of the
historian, and, like him, highly conservative in his politics,
but very popular with the opposite party, on account of
the interest he has bestowed on the poor and suffering
classes. In connexion with this subject he has been led
to the consideration of certain great national questions,
and, together with his brother, he has always opposed the
Outlines of Physiology; 3d ed., Edin., 1839, 8vo; Out-
lines of Pathology and Practice of Medicine, 1848, 8vo;
Remarks on the Report on the Poor-Laws of Scotland,
1848, 8vo.
"Every individual who cannot afford time to wade through the
monstrous volumes of evidence which have been so digested, (by
Dr. Alison.) and who feels interested in the subject, must acknow-
ledge himself deeply indebted to the performer of this disinte
rested act of labour."-Scotsman.
In a work published at Edinburgh in 1850, entitled A
Dissertation on the Reclamation of Waste Lands, he fully
examines the subject, and recommends the colonization of
waste lands by paupers and criminals.-Men of the Time.
Allam, Andrew, 1655–1685, born near Oxford, (at
Garsingdon,) was a pupil of William Wildgoose, a teacher
well known at that time. He took holy orders in 1680.
He had a predilection for antiquarian pursuits; and be-
sides assisting Anthony Wood in his Athenæ Oxon., he
made additions to Notitia, (1684,) and to Helorius's His-
torical and Chronological Theatre, (pub. 1687.) He also
wrote the Epistle prefixed to Dr. Cosin's Ecclesiæ Angli-
canæ Politeia, &c., containing an account of the doctor's
life; a translation of the Life of Iphicrates, Oxf., 1684.
He projected a Notitia Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ, or History of
Cathedrals, but was prevented by death from completing
his design.-Biog. Brit.
Allamand. Unannealed Glass Vessels, Phil. Trans.,
1745.
Allan. Power of the C. Magistrate, &c., Edin., 1807.
Allan, Charles. See ALEYN, C.
Allan, D. 1744-96, Plates illus. of Scottish Song.
Allan, George, died 1800, an English antiquary of
note, was an attorney at Darlington. He published a
number of works, and, among others, struck off the follow-
ing at his private printing-press-Collections relating to
Sherburn Hospital, 1773; others for Greatham and St.
Edmund's Hospital at Gateshead; A Sketch of the Life
and Character of Bishop Trevor, 1776. Mr. Hutchinson's
History of Durham was much aided by him.
"Nor is it any discredit to Mr. Hutchinson's industry to say,
that it proceeded under the guidance of Mr. Allan's judgment."
Mr. Allan presented the Antiquarian Society of London
with 26 quarto vols. of MS. relating chiefly to the Univer-
sity of Oxford.
·↓
In the way from Darlington to Blackwell you pass the Grange
long eminently distinguished as the seat of benevolenco
and the virtues."-Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
Allan, George, 1768-1828, M.P. for Durham, son of
the above, inherited his father's passion for literary pur-
suits. He was a contributor to that invaluable literary
store-house, Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
Allan, J. H. Pictorial Tour in the Mediterranean,
Lon., 4to.
Allan, R. 1. A Dictionary of the Ancient Languages
of Scotland, Edin., 1804. 2. A Treatise on the Operation
of Lithotomy, &c., Edin., 1808. 3. A System of Patho-
logical and Operative Surgery, founded on Anatomy, 3
vols., 1819-24.
Allan, Robert. Manual of Mineralogy, Lon., 8vo.
Allan, Thomas. Works on Mineralogy, 1808-13.
Allanson. Sermon on John xiii. 34, 1780.
Allanson, J. A. Picturesque Representations of the
Manners of the Russians, 3 vols. fol. Lond., 1813.
Allardyce, A. Ad. respect. Bank of Eng., 1798–1801.
Allason, J., D.D. Sermon on 2 Sam. xviii. 3, 1713.
Allason, T. Pict. Views: Anti. of Pola., Lond., 1819.
Allbut. Elements Useful Knowledge, &c., Lond., 1809.
Allchin, R. Address to Young Persons on the Truth
and Importance of Christianity, 1803.
Alldridge, W. T. The Goldsmith's Repository,
London, 1789.
"A useful work."-LowNDES.
Alle, T. Nar. rel. to Edward's Gangræna, Lon., 1646.
Allein, Thomas. See ALlen.
ALL
ALL
Alleine, or Allein, Joseph, 1633-1688, an emi- !
nent Nonconformist minister, was b. at Devizes, Wilt-
shire, and entered Lincoln College, Oxford, in 1649. He
was admitted scholar of Corpus Christi in 1651, and two
years afterwards was elected to the chaplainship. So
diligent was he in his studies, that he allowed himself but
three hours sleep, and often gave away his "commons" to
save more time for his books. He accepted the post of
assistant minister to Mr. Newton at Taunton, in 1655. He
suffered greatly from imprisonment, and other annoyances,
in consequence of his conscientious refusal to accept the
act of uniformity of 1662. He was "abundant in la-
bours," holy in his "walk and conversation," and exem-
plary in all the relations of life. He published a number
of religious works, 1656-1674, the best known of which
is An Alarm to Unconverted Sinners, 1672, of which
20,000 copies were sold. It appeared three years after-
wards, under the title of A Sure Guide to Heaven, when
50,000 copies were disposed of. Since then it has run
through many editions, and been the means, through the
Divine blessing, of turning "many to righteousness."
"A very awakening and judicious work."-BICKERSTETH.
Alleine or Allein, Richard, 1611–1681, a Noncon-
formist minister, was of St. Alban's-hall, Oxford, and
became Rector of Bateaube, Somersetshire. Like his name-
sake, the subject of the preceding article, he was noted for
zeal in labours and piety in deportment. He published a
number of religious works, of which the Vindicia Pietatis,
or Vindication of Godliness from the imputations of Folly
and Fancy, Lon., 1663, is still in considerable estimation.
Allen. Farrier's Assistant, London, 1737.
Allen. Specimina Iconographica, or Nature of In-
ventions and Experiments, Lon., 1730. Twenty-six ser-
mons on important subjects, Lon., 1751.
Allen, Anthony, d. 1754, collected a biographical
account of the members of Eton College, and considerable
materials for an English dictionary of obsolete words. Of
the former, one copy was placed in King's, one in Eton
College Library, and one by his will was to be given to
Mr. Speaker Onslow, his patron.-Chalmers's Dict.
Allen, B. Treatises on Mineral Waters, &c., Lon.,
1689-1711.
Allen, B. A Poem ins. to his Brit. Majesty, 1761.
Allen, Charles. See ALEYN.
Allen, Charles. Operator for the Teeth, Dubl., 1687.
Allen, David O., D.D., b. Barre, Mass., grad. Union
Coll., 1823; proceeded to India as a missionary of the
American Board, 1827; returned to U.S., 1853. India,
Ancient and Modern, Svo, pp. 618; 2d ed., Bost., 1858.
See a review in Lon. Athen., No. 1497, July 5, 1856.
Contrib, extensively to journals in India and America.
Allen, E. Argument resp. Island of Jersey, Lon., 1812.
Allen, Edmond. See ALEN.
Allen, Ethan, 1742-1789, a brigadier-general in the
war of the American Revolution, b. in Roxbury, Conn.
He pub. a number of controversial pamphlets, a narrative
of his observations during his captivity, and Allen's Theo-
logy, or The Oracle of Reason, 1786.
"This last work was intended to ridicule the doctrine of Moses
and the prophets. It would be unjust to bring against it the
charge of having effected great mischief in the world: for few have
had the patience to read it."—Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.
•
Allen, Jas., 1691-1747, first minister of Brooklin.c
Mass. 1. Thanksg. Sermon, 1722. 2. Discourse on Pro
vidence, 1727. 3. Doctrine of Merit explosied, &c., 1727.
4. A Fast Sermon, 1727. 5. Sermon to a Society of Young
Men, 1731. 6. On the Death of Sami. Aspinwall, 1733.
7. Election Sermon, 1744.
Allen, Jas., 1739-1808, Boston, Mass. Poems.
Allen, J. Fisk. Practical Treatise on the Culture
and Treatment of the Grape-Vine, 1853, N.Y., 12mc; 3d
ed., enlarged.
Allen, John, 1476-1534, Archbiet op of Dublin in the
reign of Henry VII.; author of Epistola de Pallii Signi-
ficatione. De Consuetudinibus ac Statutis, &c., and some
other treatises.
Allen, John. Judicial Astrologers, &c., Len., 1659
Allen, John. Ser. on Perjury, Lev. xix. 12, 1682.
Allen, John, M.D. Synopsis Medicine; or a Suin-
mary View of the whole Practice of Physick, Lon., 1719.
Printed in Paris, 1728; Amsterdam, 1730.
Allen, John. Sermon on Ps. cxxxiii. 1, 1725. On
Tit. ii. 15, 1740.
Allen, John.
1730.
Narrative of New Inventions, Lon.,
Allen, John. Sermons, 1740-56.
Allen, John, Vice Principal of St. Mary Magd. Hall
Oxford. Pub. various sermons, 1758-73.
Allen, John. Spiritual Magazine, or the Christian's
Grand Treasure, 1752. A new edit. with preface by Ro-
maine, Lon., 1810, 3 vols.
Allen, John, a learned dissenting layman, the au-
thor of several religious works, and of excellent transla-
tions of Calvin's Institutes, and Outram on Sacrifice, &c.
Mr. Allen is best known by Modern Judaism, or a Brief
Account of the Opinions, Rites, and Ceremonies of the
Jews in Modern Times, Lon., 1817.
"This is the best work on modern Judaism in our language.
The various topics mentioned in the title are treated very judicious-
ly, and passages of Scripture are occasionally illustrated."-OPME,
·
· Useful information.”—BICKERSTETH.
"The various traditions, &c. received and adopted by the mo-
dern Jews (that is, by those who lived during and subsequently
to the time of Jesus Christ) are fully and perspicuously treated
in this well-executed volume, which illustrates various passages in
the New Testament with great felicity.”—T. H. HORNE.
Allen, John, M.D., 1770-1843, b. Colinton, near
Edinburgh. 1. Illustrations of Mr. Hume's Essay con-
cerning Liberty and Necessity, in answer to Dr. Gregory,
2. Trans. Curier's
of Edinburgh, by a Necessitarian.
Study of the Animal Economy, Edin., 1801. 3. Inquiry
into the Rise and Growth of the Royal Prerogative in
England, 1830. A valuable constitutional work. A new
ed., with the author's revisions, was published after his
death. Contrib. extensively to Edin. Rev., chiefly on
subjects connected with the British Constitution and with
French and Spanish history. Forty-one articles in that
periodical are attributed to him, the principal of which
are Regency Question, 1811; Constitution of Parlia-
ment, 1816; Review of Lingard's England; Church Rates,
1839, &c.; Hist. of Europe in the Annual Register for
1806; and a Biog. Sketch of Mr. Fox, 1820. See Lord
Brougham's Hist. Sketches, pp. 342-348, Third Series.
Allen, Johu, 1596-1671, first minister of Dedham,
Mass., born in England, driven thence by persecution.
Mr. Cotton speaks of him with respect in his preface to
Norton's Answer to Apollonius. He pub. a Defence of the
Nine Positions, in which, with Mr. Shepard of Cambridge,
he discusses the points of Church Discipline, and a de-
fence of the Synod of 1662, against Mr. Chauncy, under
the title of Animadversions upon the Antisynodalia, 4to,
1664. (In N. England Library.) His last two sermons
were pub. after his death.-Magnal. iii. 132, Prentiss's
fun. serm, on Huren.
As might be expected of one silly enough to espouse the
absurdities of infidelity, Mr. Allen held some very foolish
opinions: viz. that man after death would transmigrate
into beasts, birds, fishes, reptiles, &c.; and that he himself
should live again in the form of a large white horse.
Allen, F., Archd. of Middlesex. Sermons, Lon.,
1739-51.
Allen, G. Tables for Tolls and Freight, 1800.
Allen, H. Letters, &c., 1774.
Allen, Henry, 1748-1784, b. at Newport, R.I., pub.
volume of Hymns, several treatises and sermons.
Allen, Hezekiah. A Sacred Drama, 1798.
Allen, I. N. Diary of a March through Sinde and
Affghanistan, &c., and sermons, Lon., 1843.
Allen, Ira, 1752?-1814, first Secretary of Vermont,
was a brother of Ethan Allen. Natural and Political
History of Vermont, Lon., 1798. Statements applicable
to the Olive Branch, Phila., 1807.
Mag.. 456.
Allen, J. The Younger Brother, &c., Oxf., 1624.
Allen, Otis. Duties and Liabilities of Sheriffs, re-
Allen, Jas. The Danger of Philosophy, &c., Lon., 1807.vised and enlarged, Albany, 1845, Svo. See 5 Am. Law
Allen, Jas., 1632-1710, minister in Boston, Mass.,
came to America in 1662. 1. Healthful Diet, a sermon.
Allen, Paul, 1775-1826, was born at Providence, R.
New England's Choicest Blessings, an election sermon, I. He graduated at Brown University in 1796. He was
1679. Serious Advice to Delivered Ones. Man's Self-re- a contributor to the Phila. Port Folio, the United States
flection, &c.; and two practical discourses.
Gazette, and The Portico, (associated with Pierpont and
Allen, Jos. Evil Communications, 1 Cor. xv. 33, 1712.
Allen, Joseph, R.N. 1. Battles of the British
Navy; new ed., revised and enlarged, Lon., 2 vols. p.
Svo, 1852. 2. Navigation-Laws of Great Britain, Svo.
Allen, Jos. H. Discourses on Orthodoxy, Bost., 12mo.
Allen, Joshua. On James ii. 10, 1730. The Trinity,
&c., 1751.
Allen, Lydia. Experimental Christianity, &c., 2d
ed., greatly enlarged, Lon., 1741.
53
ALL
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Neal.) He was also an editor of the Federal Republican
at Baltimore, of the Journal of the Times, and of the
Morning Chronicle. He was employed to prepare for the
press the travels of Lewis and Clarke. He had long pro-
mised a History of the American Revolution, and a large
subscription had been secured. It at last appeared in his
name. but was written by John Neal and Mr. Watkin.
His principal poem has been commended as possessing
"simplicity and feeling." He published Original Poems,
Serious and Entertaining, 1801.—Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.
His poem of Noah was pub. 1821, in 5 cantos: it origin-
ally consisted of 25; but, having been placed in the hands
of Mr. Neal for revision, he judiciously reduced it to its
present dimensions.
|
Allen, R. 1. Doctrine of the Gospel, 1606. 2. On
Proverbs, 1612.
Allen, R.
1675-1702.
Allen, R. Great Importance of Havannah, Lon.,
1712-62.
1. Singing of Psalms, 1696. 2. Sermons,
Allen, or Alleine, Richard. An Antidote against
Heresy, Lon., 1648.
2.
Allen, Robt. Christian Beneficence, Lon., 1660.
Allen, Robert. 1. Forms of Wills, Lon., 12mo.
Prac. Com. Law Courts, 1841, 12mo. 3. Insolvent Debtors'
Court, 1839, 12mo.
Allen, T. Expedient rel. to Ch. of England, 1 Pet.
v. 1-4, 1719.
Allen, Thomas. 1. History and Antiquities of the
Parish and Palace of Lambeth, Lon., 1824-27, Svo, and
also 4to. 2. History and Antiquities of London, &c., 1827
29, 5 vols. Svo. 3. History of the County of York, 1829,
6 vols. Svo. 4. History of the County of Lincoln, 2 vols.
4to. 5. History of the County of Surrey, Svo. 6. History
of the Counties of Surrey and Sussex, 2 vols. 8vo.
+
Allen, Sir T. A work rel. to the Pirates of Algiers, 1670.
Allen, or Alleyn,Thos., 1542-1632, celebrated for his
knowledge of mathematics and astrology, was one of the
most noted men of his day. He wrote, 1. Claudii Ptolemei
Pelusiensis de Astrorum judiciis aut, ut vulgo vocant,
quadripartita constructionis, Libor secundus, cum Expo-
sitione. Th. Alleyn Angli Oxoniensis. 2. Ejusdem Lib.
Tertius. These works in MS. fell into the hands of Lilly,
who gave them, in 1652, to Elias Ashmole. He likewise
wrote notes on many of Lilly's books, and some on John
Bale's book, De Scriptoribus Maj. Britanniæ. He was
born at Uttoxeter, in Staffordshire, being desconded, through
six generations, from Henry Allen, or Alan, Lord of the
Manor of Buckenhall.
In 1561, he was admitted scholar of Trinity College, Oxford,
and in 1563, Master of Arts. . . . Being thus accomplished with
various sorts of learning, he was several times invited to the
houses of princes and noblemen, not only of his nation, but of
others. Robert, Earl of Leicester, had a particular esteem for Mr.
Allen. It is certain the earl placed such confidence in Mr. Allen,
that nothing material in the state was transacted without his
knowledge. . . . He was also highly respected by other famous men
of his time, as Sir Thomas Bodley, Sir Henry Saville, Mr. Camden,
Sir Robt. Cotton, Sir Henry Spelman, Mr. Selden, &c.”—Biog. Bril.
Allen, Thos., 1572-1636, a clergyman, and literary
friend of Sir Henry Saville, was probationer fellow of
Merton College, Oxf. Observationes in Libellum Chrysos-
tomi in Esaiam.
"He entered into the sacred function, but instead of frequent
preaching, he exercised himself much in crabbed and critical learn-
ing. He was one that helped Sir H. Saville in making and fram-
ing his Annotations on Chrysostome's Homilies. on Matthew and
the other Evangelists, as he doth acknowledge in his preface to the
said Annotations, wherein he styles this our author Vir doctrissi-
mus, Græcorum literarum non minus quam Theologia peritissimus,
&c.”—ANTHONY WOOD.
Allen, Thos. The Excellency of the Royal Hands'
Ilandy Work, Lon., 1665.
Allen, Thos., 1608-1673, a Nonconformist minister,
born and stationed at Norwich. In 1636, Bishop Wren
silenced him for refusing to read the disgraceful Book of
Sports. Chain of Scripture Chronology, from the Creation
to the Death of Christ in seven periods, Lon., 1639.
Preface to Shepard's work on Liturgies. The Glory of
Christ, &c.
|
Thos. Allen, Jr.; 1806. 5. Election Sermon; 1808. Some
of his letters were published in Edin. Miss. Mag. for Oct.,
Nov., and Dec., 1799.
Allen, or Allein, or Alleine, Thos., 1682?-1755,
died while reading prayers in his church, at Kettering,
Northamp. The Practice of a Holy Life, &c., Lon., 1716.
The Christian's Sure Guide to Eternal Life: both trans-
lated into the Russian language. He wrote a number of
other works.
Allen, Thos., 1743-1810, first minister of Pitts-
field, Mass. 1. Sermon on the death of Elizabeth White;
1798. 2. On the death of Moses Allen; 1801. 3. On the
death of Anna Collins; 1803. 4. On the death of his son, |
Allen, Thos., M.D. History and Description of a Her-
maphrodite, in a Latin letter, Phil. Trans. Abr. i. 223, 1668.
Allen, W., D.D. Religious works, Lon., 1673–1703.
Allen, Wm. A Glass of Justification, Lon., 1658,
1660. A Relation of the Gratious Release of Mrs. Huish ¨
from the Tempter, Lon., 1658.
Allen, Wm. Under this name was published in 1659,
the celebrated tract entitled, Killing no Murder, with some
additions fit for Public View, to deter and prevent Singlo
Persons and Councils from Usurping Supreme Power.
This tract has been attributed both to Colonel Silas Titus
and to Colonel Sexby. It invited all patriots to assassina-
tion, proclaiming that the greatest benefit any Englishman
could render his country would be to murder Cromwell.
A copy was thrown into the Protector's coach, and it is
said that he afterwards always carried loaded pistols, and
never knew another moment's peace.
Allen, Wm. Ways and Means, &c., Value of Land,
Lon.. 1736.
Allen, Wm. Ascension Sermon, Ex. xx. 16, 1743.
Allen, Wm., pub. an edition of the Twelve Orations
by which Demosthenes endeavoured to animate the Athe-
nians with the spirit of liberty.
This edition (1757) is allowed to possess much merit."— Watt's
Bib. Brit.
Allen, Wm., 1770-1843, a distinguished member of
the Society of Friends, elected Fellow Roy. Soc., 1807, and
contrib. many valuable papers to the Society's Phil.
Trans., being the results of his more important chemical
investigations. See Life and Corresp., Lon., 3 vols. Svo;
Memoir by Jas. Sherman, new ed., p. 8vo, 1857; Pharma-
ceutical Jour. and Trans., Feb. 1844.
Allen, William, D.D., b. Jan. 2, 1784, at Pittsfield,
Mass., son of Rev. Thos. Allen, first minister of Pittsfield,
(q. c.); grad. at Harvard Coll., 1802; was Pres. of Bow-
doin Coll., 1820-39, at which time he resigned. He was
successor of Dr. Channing as a Regent in Harvard Coll.
While in that office he prepared the first edition of his
American Biographical and Historical Dictionary, pub.
1809, containing notices of about 700 Americans. This
was the first book of general biography issued in the U.S.;
2d ed., 1832, contained more than 1800 names; 3d ed.,
Bost., 1857, r. Svo, contains the names of 7000 Americans
more or less distinguished. In 1807 he prepared the lives
of American ministers for the Rev. David Bogue's History
of Dissenters, Lon., 1809, 3 vols. 8vo; 1812, 4 vols. 8vo.
He made a collection of more than 10,000 words not found
in the dictionaries of the English language, 1500 being
contributed to Worcester's Dictionary in 1846, 4000 to
Webster's in 1854, and 6000 for the projected new ed. of
Webster. Baccalaureate Addresses. 1823-29. Junius Un-
masked, to prove that Lord Sackville was the real Junius,
Bost., 1828, 12mo: see JUNIUS. Accounts of Shipwrecks;
Psalms and Hymns, with many Original Hymns, 1835.
Memoir of John Codman, 1853. Historical Discourse on
the Fortieth Anniversary of the Second Church in Dor-
Discourse at the Close of the Second
chester, 1848.
Century of the Settlement of Northampton, Mass., 1854..
Wunnissoo, or The Vale Hoosatunnuk; a Poem, with
learned Notes, 1856. He is the author of the biographical
articles, in Dr. Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit,
on John Wise, John Graham, Eleazer Wheelock, and
Thomas Allen. We are indebted to Dr. Allen's Bio-
graphical Diet. for many facts relating to the early Ame-
rican authors. See Appleton's New Amer. Cyc., vol. i.
Allen, Wm. Views of the River Niger, Lon., ob. 4to.
Views in the Island of Ascension, imp. 4to. Dead Sea: a
New Route to India, 2 vols. cr. Svo, 1855. In conjunction with
Mr. Thompson, Expedition to the Niger, 1841, 2 vols. Svo.
Allen, Wm. Minutes for Gent. Yeomanry, Lon., 1798.
Allen, Wm. Chem. Con. to Phil. Trans., &c., 1807-9.
Allen, Wm. Grammatical works, Lon., 1813-15.
Allen, Wm. See ALAN, W.
Allen, Z., b. 1796, at Providence, R. I. Science of
Mechanics, 1829, Svo. Travels in Europe, 2 vols. 8vo.
Philosophy of the Mechanics of Nature, 1852, Svo.
Allestree, Chas. Sermons, Judg. v. 31; Num. xxiii.
10, 1685-95.
Allestree, Richard, D.D., 1619-1681, was Provost
of Eton, and Regins Professor of Divinity in the University
of Oxford. Privileges of the University of Oxford, &c.,
1647. Sermons pub. 1660, 66, 73, and 84. 18 Sermons,
1669; 40 Sermons before the King, &c., 1684. Dr. Pri-
deaux was of opinion that the books
5+
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“Assigned ferroneously. he thought.] to the same author: as
The Whole Duty of Man, were written by Bp. Fell and Dr. Alles
tree. As to what Bp. Fell says in a folio edition at Oxford, in
which all these books are comprised together, where he mentions
the author as lately dead, it was generally understood to be meant
of Dr. Allestree, who was then lately deceased. . . . Of Dr. Alles-
tree's writing there is a folio volume of sermons, which may be
compared with these treatises.”—Nichols'× Literary Anccdotes.
"He was a person richly furnished with all variety of rich and
solld learning, requisite to recommend them with the greatest ad-
vantage to the more intelligent world for one of the most eminent
divines of our age.”—Wood's Athen. Oron.
Allestree, Thos. Funeral Hdkf. and three sers.,1691.
Allestry, Jacob, 1653–1686, author of several pieces
in the Examen Poeticum; one of the many poetical vic-
tims to dissipation.
Allet, Thos. Sermon on the Funeral of H. Clements,
with the Christian Support under the Loss of Friends,
2 Sam. xii. 22, Lon., 1720.
Alley, Sir Geo., M.D. 1. An Essay on a Peculiar
Eruptive Disease, arising from the Exhibition of Mercury;
Illustrated with Cases, taken at the Westmoreland Lock
Hospital, Dublin; Dubl., 1804. 2. Observations on the
Hydrargyria, or that Vesicular Disease arising from the
Exhibition of Mercury, Lon., 1810.
Alley, Jerome, b. 1760. Political and religious works,
Lon., 1778-1806.
Alley, Peter. The Tears of the Muses, Lon., 1794.
Alley,
William, D.D., 1512?-1570, consecrated
Bishop of Exeter, 1560, translated the Pentateuch for
Archbishop Parker's Bible. He was educated at Eton;
thence, in 1582, he went to King's Coll., Camb., where he
took the degree of B.A., and removed thence to Oxford.
He wrote a Hebrew Grammar, and was author of the
Poor Man's Library; being Rhapsodies of Prælections on
1st Epist. St. Peter, 2 vols. fol. Lon., 1571.
"He was a person universally learned, especially in Divinity
and in the Tongues, preached almost every Holyday, and read a
lecture every day while he lived at Exeter."- Wood's Athen. Oxon.
"He became lecturer in St. Paul's; I say lecturer, which name,
though since it hath sounded ill in some jealous ears. as infected
with faction, was an ancient office founded in some cathedrals, to
read divinity there; and this Master Alley's learned lectures (ac-
cording to that age) are extant in print. . . . He lieth buried
under a fair marble in his own cathedral."-Fuller's Worthies.
·
•
Alleyn, J. Episcopacy the Great Bond of Union,
Ephes. iv. 11-13, 1701. Unanimity in the Truth a Neces-
sary Duty, with the Means of Acquiring it, Rom. xv. 5,
6, 1707.
Alleyne, J. Leg. Decrees of Marriage, &c., Lon., 1774.
Alleyne, J., M.D. New Eng. Dispensatory, Lon., 1733.
Alleyne, or Alleyn. See ALLEN.
Allibond, John, D.D., died 1658, son of Rev. Peter
Allibond, was of Magd. Coll., Oxford, where his father
had preceded him. Anthony Wood gives him a high cha-
racter as a scholar and a divine:
•
This worthy Doctor, who was a Buckinghamshire Man born.
and lately the chief master of the Free School joyning to Magd.
Coll.. was a most excellent Latin poet and philologist, and hath
published Rustica Academicæ Oxoniensis nuper Reformata de
scriptio: una cum comitiis ibidem. 1648 habitis. Tis a Latin poem,
and was twice printed in 1648. He died at Bradwell in Glouces
tershire, (of which place he was rector,) an. 1658.”
Of the above satire-now very rare-on the Parliament-
ary Visitors, a MS. Key is referred to in Wood's Fasti, by
Bliss, ii., 69.
"A Latin poem of exquisite humour, twice printed in 1648; re-
printed in 1705, fol.; and again with an Hudibrastic translation
by Edward Ward, in the fifth volume of Somers's Collection of
Tracts. A very curious copy, with a complete Key in MS., is to
te found in Wood's study, No. 423."-LOWNDES.
lads: a Book for New Englanders, 1850. A contributor
several periodicals under the signature of “Nilla.”
(6
"The writings of Miss Allan are filled with warm sympathies for
the working-day world: she has a cheerful, hopeful philosophy.
The expression of these feelings makes her ballads popular."
-Woman's Record.
Allingham. Mathematical works, &c., Lon., 1710-14.
Allingham, J. Till. Fortune's Frolics, 1799.
"There is both fun and morality in this entertainment."-Biog.
'Dram.
Other pieces, pub. Lon., 1803-05.
Allingham, W. Poems, Lon., 12mo. Music-Master,
&c.; new ed., 1857, 12mo.
Allington, John. Sermons, pub. Lon., 1655–78.
Allison, B. Con. to Amer. Trans., v. 87, 1800; ib., 87.
Allison, F., 1705-1777, Presby, minister in Phila.
Serm. on Eph. iv. 7, 1758.
Allison, P., of Pa., d. 1802. Treatises on Liberty, &c.
Allison, R. The Ps. of Dauid in Metre, &, Lon., 1599.
Allison, T. Voyage from Archangel in Russia, in
1697, &c., Lon., 1699. See Pinkerton's Voyages and Tra-
vels, vol. i.
Allix, Peter, 1641–1717. This eminent divine and
profound scholar became so completely Anglicised, and
reflected so much credit upon the land of his adoption,
that we are willing to make an exception in his case, as we
have done in some few others, and give him a place in our
register. He was born at Alençon in France, and stationed
in the principal church of the Reformed at Charenton near
Paris. The Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, in 1685,
drove him to England, where he became the pastor of a
French congregation in conformity with the Established
Church. He was profoundly versed in Hebrew and classi-
cal literature. Ilis works are very numerous. Reflexions
on the Books of the Holy Scripture, &c., Lon., 1688.
"These Reflections are not in the form of a continued commen-
tary on the Bible; but take up what may be called the spirit of it,
under distinct heads, chiefly with a view, as the title expresses it,
to establish the divine origin of Christianity. They were pub
lished in French about the same time [1687] that they appeared in
English. They were also translated into German, and published
at Nuremberg in 1702.”—Ormɛ: Bibl. Bib.
"These Reflexions have always been held in great repute for the
plainness and erudition with which they are written."-BISHOP
WATSON.
The Judgment of the Ancient Jewish Church against
the Unitarians, Lon., 1699.
"It affords much curious and interesting information on those
passages of the Old Testament which have been supposed to con-
tain the doctrine of the Trinity. He successfully shows, that if
the ancient Jews were not strictly Trinitarians, they were firm
believers of a plurality in the Godhead." ORME.
"It is not remarkable for accurate statement or judicious rea-
soning."-DR. SMITH.
"A noble storehouse of arguments to confound the Jews by
proving that Jesus Christ is the Messiah: and at the same time to
put all the Free-thinkers to silence."-DR. WOTTON.
The Book of Psalms, &c.. Lon., 1701.
"Of no great value. It is too brief to be satisfactory, either to
the critic or the lover of practical exposition.”—ORME.
Diatriba de anno et Mense Natali Jesu Christi, etc., Lon.,
1710.
"In this Latin tract. Allix endeavours to show that the Messiah
was born not in winter, but in the spring."-ORME.
Math. Con. to Phil. and Irish Soc.
Allman, Wm.
Trans.. 1814, &c.
Allnut, A. C. Poverty, and other Poems, Lon., 1801.
Allnut, G. S. Practice of Wills, 12mo.
Allnut, Z. Treatises on Navigation, Lon., 1806-10.
Allot, Robert, is believed to have been the compiler
of a very curious and valuable volume of early poetry,
which had a large share in the remarkable development of
BIBLIOMANIA Which characterized the first quarter of the
present century. England's Parnassus; or the choycest
Flowers of our Modern Poets, with their Poeticall compa
risons. Descriptions of Bewties, Personages, Castles, Pal
laces, Mountaines, Groues, Seas, Springs, Rivers, &c.
Whereunto are annexed other various discourses, both
pleasant and profitable. Imprinted at London, for N. L.,
}
C. B., and T. H., 1600.
Allibond, Peter, 1560-1629, father of the preceding.
"An ingenious man in the opinion of all who knew him, was
born at Wardenten, near to Banbury in Oxfordshire, where his
name and family had for some generations lived, became a student
of Magd. Hall in the beginning of 1578. aged 18 years or there
abouts, took the degree in Arts, travelled for some time beyond
the seas, and, on his return, became Rector of Cheyneys in Bucks,
where, continuing many years. did much improve the ignorant
We find a
with his sound doctrine. What he hath written I know not, nor
translations which he hath made, only these two from French into
English: 1. Comfort for an Afflicted Conscience, wherein is con-
tained both consolation and instruction for the sick, &c., Lon.. |
1591. Oct., written by John de L'Espine. 2. Confutation of the
Popish Transubs'antiation, together with a Narration how that
the Mass was at sundry times and pieced sundry
the Mass was at sundry times patched and pieced by sundry Popes,
&c., Lon., 1592. And a translation from Latin into English, en-
titled The Golden Chain of Salvation. Lon., 1604, qu., written by
Harman Renecher."- Wood's Athen. Oxon
Of Allot's history nothing is now known.
surmise in Brydges' Restituta, (vol. iii, 234,) that he was the
Robert Allot who was Fellow of St. John's College in 1599.
With regard to the Parnassus, as it "has preserved portions
of many scarce poets, whose very names, without such care,
might have probably sunk into oblivion, it must ever rank
Allies, T. W. 1. Church of England Cleared from the
Charge of Schism, Lon., Svo. 2. Journal in France in
1845, '48, Sro. 3. Name and Office of St. Peter, Svo. 4.
Royal Supremacy, Svo. 5. See of St. Peter, Svo. 6. Ser-
"He hath also made, as 'tis said. A Collection of choice Flowers
nons on Romans, Svo.
and Descriptions, as well out of his, as the works of several others,
Allin, Abby, of Pomfret, Connecticut. Home Bal- the most renowned Poets of our Nation: collected about the be
as a book both valuable and curious." Wood seems to have
attributed this collection to Charles Fitz-Geffrey :
55
ALL
ALS
ginning of the reign of K. James I: but this, tho' I have been many
years seeking after, yet I cannot get a sight of it.”—Athen. Oxon.
"It is valuable not only on account of its variety, but also on
account of its intrinsic worth as a Compilation pretty ingeniously
executed.”—Watt's Bib. Brit.
A copy is priced in the Bib. Anglo-Poetica £20, and one
was sold in the Roxburghe sale, (3171,) for £21. Having
been reprinted by Mr. Park in the Heliconia, "the reprints
have pulled down the prices more than one peg."-Dibdin.
Mr. Allston was distinguished for his conversational
powers and amiability of deportment, as well as for artistio
"Had the editor of this curious volume, besides citing the names
genius and literary taste. "His tongue wrought on his
of his authors, added the titles of the works from which he culled associates and acquaintances like an enchanter's spell,
bis specimens, an infinity of trouble would have been saved to preventing their taking any note of time; and the small
subsequent research; yet the deficiency has served, in a peculiar hours would be close upon them before they bad thought
manner, to mark the successful progress of modern bibliography. of retiring." See Lectures on Art, and Poems, by Wash-
When Oldys wrote his preface to Hayward's British Muse, which
was first published in 1738, he complains grievously of this omisington Allston, edited by R. H. Dana, Jr., New York,
sion, observing that most of Allot's poets were now so obsolete
that not knowing what they wrote, we can have no recourse to
their works, if still extant.' Since this sentence was written. such
has been the industry of our literary antiquaries, that almost every
poem which Allot laid under contribution in forming his volume.
has been ascertained, and rendered accessible to the curious in-
quirer; and so far from the writers being obsolete, after nearly
eighty years have been added to their antiquity, we may venture
to affirm that, excepting about half a dozen, they are as familiar
to us as the poets of the present reign.”—Drake's Shakspeare and
His Times.
6
1850, 12mo.
Allwood, P. Literary Antiquities of Greece, &c.
Lon., 1794. 12 Lectures on the Prophecies, &c., Lon., 1815.
Allyn. See ALAN and ALLEN.
Almon, Mr., and T. Dawkes, Phil. Trans., Abr. ix.,
95, 1745.
Almon, and Debrett. Parliamentary Register, 1743-74,
Lon., 11 vols. 2d Ed., with additions, Lon., 1792, 7 vols.
Almon, John, 1738-1805, combined the three pro-
fessions in London, of Bookseller, Author, and Editor.
The contributors to England's Parnassus were the fol- He pub. a number of political tracts of a violent character,
lowing:
some of which he is supposed to have written. Anecdotes
of Lord Chatham, 1792, often reprinted. Biographical,
Literary, and Political Anecdotes, 1797.
"This work, though partial, is interesting, as containing many
curious particulars of the political characters and contests of the
day."-LOWNDES.
Almond. Mistery of Godliness, Lon., 1671.
Almond, R. English Horseman, &c., Lon., 1673.
Alsop, Ann. Letters to Rev. T. Edmonds, Lon., 1801.
Alsop, Anthony, d. 1726, was elected from West-
minster to Christ Church, where he became censor, M.A.,
1696, B. D., 1706. Fabularum sopicarum Delectus,
Oxon., 1698. Antonii Alsopi Edis Christi Olim Alumni
Odarum libro duo, 1751. He made use of the Sapphic
numbers in his familiar correspondence, in which
"he showed a facility so uncommon and a style so natural and
easy that he has not been unjustly esteemed inferior only to his
master Horace.”—Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
1. Thomas Achelly.
2. Thomas Bastard.
3. George Chapman.
4. Thomas Churchyard..
5. Henry Constable.
6. Samuel Daniel.
7. John Davies.
8. Thomas Dekkar.
9. Michael Drayton.
10. Edmund Fairfax.
11. Charles Fitz-Geffrey,
12. Abraham Fraunce.
13. George Gascoigne.
14. Edward Gilpin.
15. Robert Greene.
16. Sir John Harrington.
17. John Higgins.
18. Thomas Hudson.
23. Gervase Markham.
24. Christopher Marlowe.
25. John Marston.
26. Christopher Middleton.
27. Thomas Nash.
28. Oxford, Earl of
29. George Peele.
30. Matthew Roydon.
31. Sackville. Lord Buckhurst.
32. William Shakspeare.
33. Edmund Spenser.
34. Thomas Storer.
35. Surrey, Earl of.
36. Sir Philip Sidney.
37. Joshua Sylvester.
38. George Tuberville.
39. William Warner.
40. Thomas Watson,
41. John Weever.
42. William Weever.
43. Sir Thomas Wyatt.
19. James, King of Scots.
20. Benjamin Jonson.
21. Thomas Kyd.
22. Thomas Lodge.
"Robert Allot is a joint sonneteer with E. Gilpin before Mark-
ham's Devereux,' 1597. They were probably friends, and though
Gilpin's name occurs in no other book, he is not unfrequently
quoted in England's Parnassus. This affords some slight confir
mation that Allot was the compiler of it."-Collier's Poet. Decameron.
•
Oldys has taken to task the judgment of the editor in
his selection of authors and extracts; but Warton, a far
higher authority, declares that,
"The method is judicious, the extracts copious, and made with
a degree of taste."
Allott, R. Sermon before H. of Commons. Fast-Day,
1806.
Allston, Washington, 1779-1843. This distinguished
artist was the author of a number of poetical and prose
compositions. He was born in Georgetown, South Caro-
lina, and entered Harvard College in 1796. In 1813 he
published in London, a volume entitled, The Sylphs of the
Seasons and other Poems, which seems to have passed un-
noticed in the multitude of works issuing from the London
press. The principal portion of the contents of this vol-
ume had been perused and much admired in MS. by Mr.
Allston's friends in Boston. The volume is made up of
quite a number of poems, the largest containing between
six and seven hundred lines.
"Mr. Allston's versification is peculiarly easy, and seems thrown
out with as little effort as it is read. With all his ease, however, he
is always musical, and we have only to object to a loose line here and
there.... Our author's language is all good. but is not strictly
the poetical language; and we should think that he had not been
a wide and constant reader of the old English poets. . . . We
would advise our readers to make themselves acquainted with it.
They certainly will find it worthy their pride, in the general poverty
of literature in our country.”—North American Review, vol. v. 365.
The Romance of Monaldi, which had been written twenty
years before, and intended as a contribution to Mr. Dana's
Idle Man, was published in 1841, anonymously. Monaldi
is a graduate of the Othello school, infuriated by jealousy,
and determined himself to become a murderer, because he
imagines his wife to be unfaithful. The Rev. Dr. Griswold
remarks with reference to Mr. Allston's style:
"We have often pored over Allston's pages to admire the grace
and delicacy of his English poetical style. This book is equally
remarkable for its rich and harmonious prose. The nice selection
of epithets, the faultless arrangement of the members of the sen-
tences, and the rhythmical cadence to which thought and expres
sion seem to move united, combine to make it one of the most
finished works in American literature."-Vol. liv. 397.
"All the specimens that I have seen of his prose indicate a re-
markable command of language, great descriptive powers, and rare
philosophical as well as imaginative talent."
The North American Review speaks in high terms of
The Fiterary character of Monaldi :
Concerning the notable controversy on the Epistles of
Phalaris we shall have more to say hereafter. See BENT-
LEY, DR.; BOYLE, CHARLES, EARL OF ORRERY, &c.
Alsop, Benj. Theolog. Works, Lon., 1675-90.
Alsop, Geo. The Character of the Province of Mary-
land. Lon., 1666. A rare work. Serms., &c., 1669–70.
Alsop, John, 1776-1841, brother of Richard Alsop,
and a poet of some taste. See specimens in Everest's Poets
of Connecticut.
Alsop, N. Serinons, pub. Lon., 1682–90.
Connecticut, was a poet of some note.
Alsop, Richard, 1761-1815, a native of Middleton,
He was the prin-
cipal of the "Hartford wits," including Theodore Dwight,
Echo, pub. in a vol. in 1807. He translated several pieces
Hopkins. Trumbull, &c., who wrote the satire entitled The
from the French and Italian, and wrote a Monody on the
Death of Washington, which was received with great
favour, and was published at Hartford, Conn., in 1800.
See Duyckincks' Cyc. Amer. Lit.; also Everest's Poets of
Jewett among the Savages of Nootka Sound, 1815.
Connecticut. Edited Captivity and Adventures of J. R.
Alsop, Vincent, d. 1703, an English Nonconformist
principal of which was a witty reply to Sherlock, entitled
minister, pub, some Theolog. Works, Lon., 1679-98, the
Anti Sozzo, a Vindication of some Great Truths opposed
by W. Sherlock, &c., 1675.
"Sherlock's Discourse concerning the knowledge of Jesus Christ,
tending to Socinian views, and marking the low divinity of the
times. produced two valuable replies-the one above by Alsop and
the other by Edward Polhill, both in 1675. South also published
animadversions."-BICKERSTETH.
"He had a flowing fancy, and his wit was oxcellent."
"A second Alsop for polemic skill.”—DUNTON.
Alston, Chas., 1682-1760, an eminent botanist ana
physician, "is to be looked upon as one of the founders
of the celebrity of the Edinburgh School of Medicine,
acting in concert with Monro, Rutherford, Sinclair, and
Plummer." He wrote a number of works on Medicine
and Botany, pub. Edin. 1740-54. Dr. John Hope gives
him a character worthy of the imitation of every physician
and instructor of the young.
As a man, he was candid, upright, and sincere; learned in his
profession, and humane; as a professor, communicative, and know
ing no greater pleasure than to form the minds of his pupils in
such a manner as to render them able in their profession, and
useful members of society."
50
ALS
AME
Alston, J. W. Treatise on Painting, Lon., 1804.
Altham, Arthur, or perhaps Michael. Vindication
of the Ch. of England, against the Ch. of Rome, &c.,
1686; and other controversial works.
Althan, Roger, D.D. Sermons, pub. Lon., 1712-32.
Alton. Sermon on Mark iv. 9, Lon., 1767.
Alton, John D'. Dermid, &c., a Poem, Lon., 1815.
Aluredis, Alredis. See ALFRED OF BEVERLY.
Alves, Robt., d. 1794, a Scottish Poet and miscella-
neous writer. His principal work is the Sketches of the
History of Literature, &c., Edin., 1794.
Alvey, Thos. A Medical Work. Lon., 1680.
Alynton, Robt. Libellus Sophistarum, Lon., per W.
de Worde, 1525, 4to.
Dibdin notices five editions of this work; three by W.
de Worde, and two by Pynson.-Typ. Antiquities.
Amand, Geo. St. A work upon Parliament, Lon.1725.
Ambler, Chas. Reports of Chancery Cases, &c.,
Lon., 1790.
"This vol. consists of cases in Lord Hardwicke's time, with a
few later determinations in the Court of Chancery, and fills up
the time between Lord Hardwicke and Lord Thurlow."-LowNDES.
Ambrose, Isaac, d. 1664. In 1641 he joined the
Presbyterians, having been one of the King's preachers.
He pub. a number of practical religious works, Lon., 1649-
62. He has many devout and admirable thoughts; bor-
rows from Bishop Hall.
"The Ministration and Communion with Angels is a devotional
and edifying work, but sometimes fanciful."-Bickersteth.
Looking unto Jesus, 1658.
"Very experimental and practical, and deserving a devout
rusal."
Ambross, Miss. Life of Miss Catley, &c., Lon., 1790.
Amerie, Robt. Chester's Triumph in Honour of
her Prince, as it was performed upon St. George's Day,
1610, in the foresaid citie, Lon., 1610, 4to. Sold in Dent's
sale for £7.10. Rhodes, £8.12.
Ames modestly declares,
"I do also ingenuously confess, that in attempting this History
of Printing I have undertaken a task much too great for my abili
peties, the extent of which I did not so well perceive at first. . . . I
have at least cleared away the rubbish, and furnished materials
towards a more perfect structure."
Ames. The Double Descent, a Poem, Lon., 1692.
Ames, Edwd., Bp. of Cork and Ross. Pub. sermons
on 2 Sam. xv. 11, and on Heb. xii. 14, Lon., 1682.
Ames, Fisher, 1758-1808, born in Dedham, Massa-
chusetts, was a leading statesman during the administra-
tion of General Washington. Rev. Dr. Kirkland published
some of his essays, speeches, &c. in 1809. He was elected
President of Harvard College in 1804, but his ill health
obliged him to decline the post. His speech in relation to
the British Treaty, delivered in 1796, has been much com-
mended. He drew his eloquence from the best source.
"I will hazard the assertion," he remarks,
"That no man ever did or erer will become truly eloquent, with-
out being a constant reader cf the Bible, and an admirer of the
purity and sublimity of its language.'
">
The Works of Fisher Ames; with a Selection from his
Speeches and Correspondence, edited by his Son, Seth
Ames, 2 vols. 8vo. with portrait, 1854.
"We congratulate the public on possessing the works of one of so
elevated a genius and so pure a fame, in a form which must satisfy
the most fastidious taste.”—Cmristian Examiner.
fi
These volumes, as was the man, are an honour to our country;
and they will be extensively read by old men and young men,
especially those in politics! life and of the legal profession. The
numerous letters in the first volume are rich in information relat-
ing to the origin and early history of our government."-Norton's
Gazette.
"It is a very substantial addition to the political literature of
the country."-W. C. BRYANT.
arms, that "boast of heraldry," who had devoted his days
and nights to poring over the dusty scrolls of antiquity,
"Their ample page,
Rich with the spoils of time, did now unroll"
Ames, Joseph, 1689–1759, an ironmonger in London,
gained deserved celebrity and commendation by his excel-
lent Typographical Antiquities; being an Historical Ac-
count of Printing in England, with some Memoirs of
our ancient Printers, and a Register of the Books printed
by them from the year 1471 to 1600; with an Appendix
concerning Printing in Scotland and Ireland, to the same
time, Lon., 1749. The Rev. Mr. Lewis, who had been
collecting materials for a History of Printing in England,
urged Mr. Ames to undertake the task. The latter was
unwilling to accede to this proposition, doubting his com-
petency, and being aware that Mr. Palmer was occupied
with the same design. Mr. Palmer's work, The General
History of Printing, &c., appeared in 1732, and so much
disappointed the expectations of those conversant with the
subject, that Mr. Ames determined to take the matter in
hand. It should be stated that Mr. Palmer did not live to
complete his book. The portion relating to the English
printers was written by George Psalmanaazar of “Formosa"
celebrity: the Scotch and Irish printers were not noticed
at all. Mr. Ames had most valuable aid in his undertak-
ing. The good rector of Margate, who had originally
urged him to the task, laid his "auld warld" collections at
his feet. The enthusiastic John Anstis, Garter King-at-
to the edification and vast delight of our learned man of
iron. That prince of literary baronets, Sir Hans Sloane,
permitted him to labour in his library and rest in his
garden; where, after dining on 50,000 books and 3500
manuscripts, he could gather his dessert from luscious fruit-
trees, weighed down with their golden burden.
Lord Orford's library was at his command, and the eru-
dition of many friends, ready to supply knowledge, to cor-
rect error, and to suggest improvement. Mr. Ames him-
self had been amassing literary treasures for a quarter of
a century. We can imagine with what gratification, after
the traffic of the day, he closed his doors at twilight's first
haze, and left his iron for his books. Surely Dr. Johnson
was right when he said that the happiest life in the world
is that of a man of business with a taste for literature!
Always in his library, he might tire even of his books; but
obliged to be much apart, like a true lover, he leaves them
with regret, and hastens to them with delight. In 1749
the Magnum Opus made its appearance. For the times, it
was a good book; and its reception was truly gratifying
to the author.
to the author. It told pretty much what was then known;
but, better still, it set literary miners to work, and by their
researches much more was made known.
Doubtless much of its merit was owing to our friendly
Garter, who tells Ames:
"Use no ceremony in commanding any thing in my power,
(1737.) ... You may without any apology command me, for I
have thought it my duty to assist, as far as it is in my power, all
who oblige the public."—ANSTIS.
Ames would put down his questions on a folio sheet, and
Anstis wrote out answers for him.
Mr. William Herbert, another literary man of business,
was so fortunate as to obtain from Sir Peter Thompson,
Ames's own copy of his work, interleaved with a great
number of his MS. additions and notes. Herbert zealously
devoted himself to preparing a new edition of the Typo-
graphical Antiquities. He published volume 1st in 1785,
volume 2d in 1786, and volume 3d and last in 1790. This
was a considerable advance upon the original work, but
much was yet required to make a complete History of
British Typography. The great objections to Herbert's
volumes are their dry technicality and catalogue stiff-
ness. His accuracy and laborious perseverance cannot
be too much commended; but we want more in a book than
precision and faithfulness. We want a volume which can
be read-not merely consulted.
"
Now of all Englishmen who have ever lived, there never
was a man better suited to make a dry study attractive,
and a learned subject plain, than Dr. Dibdin of Roxburghe
memory. This magician could with his pen dress up a
begrimed, uncouth-looking volume in more attractive
style than could Grolier's binder with his most cunning
tools. He could convert "Belindas" and "Almasas” into
BIBLIOMANIACs, and make a dry catalogue of old English
poetry more attractive than the last novel. It was but
necessary for him to apply the epithets "excessively rare,'
or "exceedingly curious," and the neglected Caxton in your
garret would buy you a year's clothing for your household,
and the old family Bible would defray your Christmas
festivities. We shall have more to say of him in his place.
Now, Dr. Dibdin, so exactly fitted to give us a well-digested,
accurately arranged, and withal readable and attractive,
History of British Typography, undertook the task. Our
zealous editor gave no less than £42 for the interleaved
Ames we have referred to, and set manfully to work to le
the world see what could be done in this department. In
1810 the first volume appeared, supported by a most re-
spectable subscription, headed by Geo. III., the Dukes of
York and Kent, and eighteen public libraries. The 2d
volume was published in 1812, the 3d in 1816, and the
4th in 1820.
Ames, Samuel. See ANGELL, JOSEPH K.
Ames, (Amesius,) Wm., 1576-1633, a learned Puri-
tan divine, was educated at Cambridge, under Dr. Perkins.
His strictness gave offence to some in authority at his col-
lege, and he took the post of chaplain in the English
church at the Hague. Afterwards he accepted the divinity
chair at Franeker in Friesland, which he filled for twelve
57
AME
AND
yeurs. His works, principally casuistical and controver|
sial, attracted great attention. He wrote chiefly in Latin.
Explicatio Utriusque Epistolæ St. Petri, Amsterd., 1625,
1635. The same in English, Lon., 1641.
"It is not a critical work, but it gives a very accurate analysis
of the two Epistles, and deduces doctrinal observations from them.
The theological writers of that age, and especially the Puritans,
were generally more remarkable for the accuracy of their logical
reasoning, than for their critical or philological speculations."-
ORME: Bibl. Bib.
"The productions of Ames are not void of merit, considering
the times in which they were written."-MOSHEIM.
"This work deduces doctrines and practice with much clearness.
Ames's are valuable writings, both on practical and controversial
subjects.”—BICKERSTETH.
He wrote against Dr. Burgess, Fresh Suit against Cere-
monies, &c., Lon., 1633.
"Remote from danger. he hath spoken freely against the ceremo
nies of the English church."
Lectiones in Omnes Psalmos Davidis, Amst., 1635;
Lon., 1647.
6:
Many excellent thoughts in this exposition."-BICKERSTETH.
"Ames was a judicious and solid divine."-ED. LEIGH.
"The author adopts the exploded and untenable hypothesis of
Grotius, (who has been followed by Le Clerc and others.) that all
the prophecies of Daniel terminated in the persecution of the Jews
by Antiochus Epiphanes. This work (which is noticed only to
put the unwary reader on his guard against it) was reprinted in
1798, with some other tracts, tending to show that certain passages
of Scripture, which clearly announce a future resurrection, relate
to nothing more than a mere temporal deliverance. An exposure
of some of this author's erroneous notions may be seen in the
British Critic, O. S., vol. xiii. p. 290–295.”
"It is sometimes ingenious, but not successful."-ORME: Bibl. Bib.
Amory, Thos., 1701-1774, an English Presbyterian
minister of Arian sentiments, pub. a number of theolog.
works, 1724-66.
“He was much conversant with ethics, natural and experimental
philosophy, and the best ancients, especially their moral writings."
-Biog. Brit.
"John Buncle is the English Rabelais. The soul of Francis Ra-
belais passed into John Amory, the author of the Life and Adven-
tures of John Buncle. Both were physicians, and enemies of too
much gravity. Their great business was to enjoy life. Rabelais
in lulges his spirit of sensuality in wine, in dried neats' tongues,
in Bologna sausages, in Botorgas. John Buncle shows the same.
symptoms of inordinate satisfaction in bread and butter. While
Kabelais roared with Friar John and the monks. John Buncle gos-
siped with the ladies, &c. &c."-Hazlitt's Round Table, vol. i., p. 151.
Ferard, Treatise on the Law of Fixtures, Lon., 8vo; 2d
Amer. ed., by Wm. IIogan, N. York, 1855, 8vo.
Amos, J. Letter to Ld. Mayor rel. to the Poor, &c.,
1809-13.
Memoirs of Several Ladies of Great Britain, 1755.
"We are thankful for the opportunity we have met with of
forming an acquaintance with an author who is. at the same time,
a deep scholar and a good gentleman."—Retrosp. Rev. vi. 100,
which see.
Amos, Win. Agricultural Works, Lon., 1794–1810.
Amphlett, Wm., dram. and poet. writer, Lon., 1796.
Amsinck, P. Tunbridge Wells, &c., Lon., 1810.
Amy, S. Pref. to a Memento Eng. Protestants, Lon.,
1681.
Amos. Panasophia Prodromus, Lon., 1639.
Amos, Andrew. 1. Expediency of Admitting Tes-
timony of Parties to Suits, Lon., Svo. 2. Gems of Latin
Poetry, with translations, 1851 and '53, 8vo. 3. Lectures
on the Advantages of a Classical Education, 1846, 8vo. 4.
Trial of Earl and Countess of Somerset for Poisoning,
8vo. 5. Ruins of Time exemplified in Sir Matthew Hale's
Hist. of the Pleas of the Crown, 1856, 8vo. See Lon.
Athen., 1489, May 10, 1856. 6. In conjunction with J.
Amyand, C. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., Lon., 1708-46.
Amyot, T., 1775-1850. Speeches of W. Windham, 1812.
Anaya, A. Essay on Spanish Literature, Lon., 1818.
A Treatise on the Living Languages, Lon., 1818.
Amesbury, Joseph. 1. Deformities of the Spine
Chest, and Limbs, Lon., 1840, 4to.
2. Fractures of the
Trunk and Extremities, 2 vols. 8vo.
Amhurst, Nicholas, 1706-1742, was connected with
Pulteney and Bolingbroke in the management of The
Craftsman. He was expelled for libertinism from St.
John's College, Oxf., and in revenge satirized his Alma
Mater in his Oculus Britanniæ, Lon., 1724; and the Terrænected with the South Sea House, was author of the His-
Filius, or the Secret History of the Universities of Oxford; torical and Chronological Deduction of Trade and Com-
1726. He pub. some other works.
merce. First ed. in 2 vols. fol., 1762; 2d ed. in 1764;;
3d ed., 4 vols. 4to; 4th vol. by a new hand, 1787-9; and
4 vols. 4to, 1801.
Anderson, Adam, 1692-1765, for forty years con-
and valuable a treasure of real knowledge, collected with indefatig
"We congratulate the public upon the appearance of, so amplə
ble industry from almost innumerable authors."—Monthly Review.
to China (Earl Macartney's) in 1792, '93, '94, Lon., 1795.
Anderson, Æneas. Narrative of British Embassy
Amner, John. Sacred Hymns, &c., Lon., 1815.
Amner, Richard, 1736-1803, a dissenting minister,
remarkable as being made a literary butt by Geo. Stevens,
and as making a theological butt of himself, by his Essay
on the Prophecies of Daniel, had charge of a congregation
at Cosely, in Staffordshire. Whilst stationed at Hempstead,
Stevens wrote some immoral notes on Shakspeare, and
"This narrative of Earl Macartney's Embassy is of little value in
subscribed them with Amner's name: this was a trick ex-comparison with that of Sir G. L. Staunton, Bart."-LOWNDES.
actly suited to George's spirit of malignant fun. But as
Amner survived this unkind attack, in an unhappy mo-
ment he committed suicide by publishing some theological
crudities which have perhaps received more notice than
they deserve. T. H. Horne thus belabours poor Amner:
An Essay towards the Interpretation of the Prophecies of
Daniel, &c., Lon., 1776:
Anderson, Alex., a native of Aberdeen, Prof. in the
University of Paris. Supplementum Apollonii Redi-
vivi, Paris, 1612, 4to; Supplemento, Paris, 1615, 4to. Ad
Angularium Sectionum Analyticen Theoremata, &c.,
Paris, 1615, 4to; Vindiciae Archimedis, Paris, 1616, 4to.
Exercitationum Mathematicarum, Dicas Prima, Paris,
1619, 4to. All these works are very scarce.
↓
Anbury, Thos. Travels in America, Lon,, 1789.
Ancell, S. Blockade and Siege of Gibraltar, pub. 1784.
Anchoran, J. Gate of Tongues Unlocked, Lon., 1639.
Ancram, (Robt. Kerr) Earl of, a favourite of King
James I., and gentleman of the Bed-chamber to Prince
Charles, was the author of
"A short but very pretty copy of verses to Drummond of Haw- -
thornden."-II. WALPOLE.
"The beautiful and sweetly plaintive sonnet referred to by Lord
Orford, and the interesting letter which accompanied it, must be
considered as ornamental to this or to any publication."-Park's
Walpole's R. & N. Authors.
Ancram, Earl of. Description of some Improvements
in the Arms and Accoutrements of Light Cavalry. Trans.
Ed. R. Soc. N. 245., 1805..
Anderson, Christopher, pastor of a Baptist church
in Edinburgh from 1808 until a few months before his
death, in 1851. 1. On the Services and Design of the Do-
|
Amory, Thos., 1691-1789, a humorous writer, pub-mestic Constitution, 1826; last ed., 1847, 3vo. 2. His-
lished several curious works, Lon., 1755-56. He seems to torical Sketches of the Ancient Native Irish, 1828; last
have intended a portrait of himself in The Life and Opi- ed., 1846, fp. 8vo. 3. The Annals of the English Bible,
nions of John Buncle, Esq., 1756-66, 2 vols.
1845, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., with Historical Index, 1848, 2
vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 1855, 2 vols. Svo. By far the best book
on the subject. See Cotton's Editions of the Bible, &c.,
ed. to 1852, x., xi., 1, n., 39, n., &c. 4. Singular Introduc-
tion of the English Bible, 1849, 8vo. See Life and Letters
of Rev. Christopher Anderson, by his Nephew, 1854, Svo.
Anderson, D. Fergus II., 1810. Acc. of Canada, 1814.
Anderson, Sir Edmund, d. 1605, was Chief Justice
of the Common Pleas in the reign of Elizabeth. Resolu-
tions and Judgments in all the Cases and Matters agitated
in all the Courts of Westminster, in the latter end of the
reign of Q. Elizabeth, Lon., 1653. Reports des Principales
Cases, &c., Lon., 1664.
Anderson, Alexander, M.D., d. 1813. Account of
a Bituminous Lake or Plain in the Island of Trinidad';
Phil. Trans., 1789. The State of some of the most valu-
able Plants in his Majesty's Botanic Garden in the Island
of St. Vincent; Trans. of Soc. for the Encouragement of
Arts and Manufactures, 1798, vol. xvi. The bread-fruit
tree of Otaheite is described in this paper, for which he
received the silver medal. Other papers, on Cinnamon,
Clove-Plant, &c.
Anderson, Ant. Theolog. works, Lon., 1573-81.
Anderson, C., M.D. Works on Mineralogy, Lon.,
1809-10.
"He, by his indefatigable study, obtained great knowledge in the
Municipal Laws. . . . In 1586 he sate in judgment on Mary Queen
of Scots. . . . being then a learned Man of the Law."-Wood's
Alhen. Ozon.
Anderson, G. M. Abbey of St. Denis, 1812.
Anderson, Geo. Remonstrance against Lord Boling.
broke's Philos. Religion, address. to Mallet, 1756.
Anderson, Geo. Trans. of Arenarius, Lon., 1784.
Anderson, Geo. On Grapes; Trans. Hort. Soc., 1917.
Anderson, Henry. The Court Convert..
58
AND
AND
Anderson, Henry. Poemata, Amst., 1637.
Anderson, Henry. Serm. on Ps. lxxiii. 25, 1685.
Anderson, Dr. Henry J., Prof. Mathematics, &c.
Columbia Coll., N.Y., 1825-43. 1. Geology of Lieut.
Lynch's Expedition to the Dead Sea. 2. Geological Re-
connoissance of Part of the Holy Land, 1848; pub. by U.
States Government.
Anderson, J. S. 1. Addresses, Lon., 12mo. 2.
Cloud of Witnesses: Discourses on Hebrews, 2 vols. 8vo.
3. Life of Moses, 12mo. 4. History of the Church and
the Colonies, 2 vols. 8vo. 5. Memoir of Mrs. Chisholm,
12mo. 6. Sermons at Lincoln's Inn, Michaelmas, 1850,
Svo. 7. Sermons on Elijah and John the Baptist, 8vo.
8. Sermons on Various Subjects, 8vo.
Anderson, J. W. The manner pointed out in which
the Common Prayer was read in private by the late Mr.
Garrick, 1797. The incident which gave rise to this pub.
lication is no doubt known to many of our readers. See
an excellent paper on the proper "reading of the Common
Prayer," Spectator, No. 147. See CULB, RICHARD.
Anderson, Jas. Ane godly Treatis calit the first and
second Cumming of Christ, with the Tone of the Winters-
nycht, 1595, Edin., be Robt. Smith. Another ed. was
printed at Edin. by Andro Hart.
Anderson, Jas. A General History of the House of
Yvery, Lon., 1742. Written principally by the first Earl
of Egmont; privately printed; edited by J. Anderson.
"Dear and covetable is the possession of a PERFECT COPY.
It has long been accounted a crack article in the most finished col-
lection. A perfect copy runs hard upon twenty guineas."-DIBDIN.
·
Royal Genealogies, or the Genealog. Tables of Emperors,
Kings, and Princes, from Adam to these times, folio, Lon.,
1732.
"They are printing on copper-plates Mr. Anderson's Collection
of the Seals of the Kings of Scotland: the price is great, being six
guineas.”—Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
The plates were engraved by Strutt.
"It is a work of extreme rarity and great value.”—WATT.
"A highly valuable and useful work. The introduction by
Ruddiman was afterwards inadequately translated, and published
with notes."-LOWNDES.
Collections relating to the History of Mary, Queen of
Scotland, Edin., 1727-28, 4 vols. 4to.
"A friend of mine once bought a copy out of sheets, and bound
the work in black morocco, with blood-coloured insides! Such was
his order to the binder; and poor George Faulkener was that
kinder."-DIBDIN.
Anderson, Jas. The Constitution of Free Masons,
&c., Lon., 1723. Discovery of their Ceremonies, Lon.,
1725.
"The most useful and valuable work of the kind, and probably
the most difficult and laborious one ever undertaken by author or
printer."-Moule's Scottish. Bibliotheca Heraldica.
Anderson, Jas., 1662-1728, a distinguished antiqua-
ry, gained great credit by his Historical Essay showing
that the Crown of Scotland is Imperial and Independent,
in answer to Mr. Atwood, Edin., 1705. Atwood's book was
burnt by the common hangman, whilst Anderson, sur-
rounded by admiring high dignitaries, received the thanks
of the Parliament of Scotland, delivered by the Lord
Chancellor. So much for being on the right side! More-
over, Parliament encouraged the rejoicing champion of the
(i
Imperial Crown" to undertake the publication of a col-nery, Lon. 1660-96.
lection of the Ancient Charters of Scotland, with fac-similes
of the seals of the Scottish Kings. £300, and afterwards
£1050, (the latter it is said was never paid,) were voted to
him for this purpose.
This work, Selectus Diplomatum et
Numismatum Scotia Thesaurus, &c., was not published
until 1739, eleven years after the author's death.
Thomas
Carte-the laborious, faithful, ill-used Thomas Carte, whose
devotion to his historical labours put even Dr. Mangey to
the blush-writes in 1736:
Anderson, Jas. Sermons pub., Lon., 1714–20.
Anderson, Jas., M.D. Med. Works, Lon. and
Madras, 1788, &c.
Selections from his Correspondence with General Wash.
ington, in which the causes of the present scarcity are
fully investigated, Lon., 1800.
Anderson, Jas., LL.D., 1739-1808, published
many works upon agriculture, Lon., 1771-1802. He was
a practical, as well as theoretical, farmer, having 1300
acres under cultivation in Aberdeenshire. He qualified
himself for usefulness by attending the chemical lectures
of Dr. Cullen, whose friendship was of great advantage
to him in his pursuit of general knowledge. In 1790 he
commenced the pub. of The Bee, (1790-94, 18 vols.) con-
sisting of Essays Philosophical and Miscellaneous. Dr.
A. wrote those marked Senex, Timothy Hairbrain, Alci-
biades, and many others without signatures.
"Complete sets of this valuable periodical work, in which Dr.
Anderson received material assistance from men of taste and
learning, are of rare occurrence. It was printed on three papers,
coarse, common, and fine."-LOWNDES.
Anderson, Jas. Work on Yellow Fever, Edin., 1798.
Anderson, Jas. Con. to Ann. of Med., 1799.
Anderson, Jas. Chain Bridge, Queensferry, 1818.
Anderson, Jas.
Jas. 1. Ladies of the Covenant, Lon.,
1851, 12mo. 2. Ladies of the Reformation, 2 vols. p. 4to,
1854-56.
Anderson, John. Theolog. Works, Glasg., 1711-14.
Anderson, John. Sound at Elsineur: the Duties, 1771.
Anderson, John, M.D., 1726-1796, "an English
physician, was professor of Natural Philosophy at Glas-
gow for 41 years. Five editions of his Institutes of
Medicine (Glasg., 1786) were pub. during his lifetime."
Biog. Univ. He also pub. Observations on Roman An-
tiquities discovered between the Frith and Clyde, Edin.,
1800. See an amusing account in Boswell's Life of John-
son, of a tea-party at Glasgow, where Professors Reid
and Anderson, Johnson and Boswell, and the Messieurs
Foulis discussed their bobea together.
Anderson, John. Med. Works, Lon., 1787-95.
Anderson, John. Account of a Mission to the East
Coast of Sumatra in 1823, &c., Lon., 1826.
66
It was one great object of our author's mission to create a de-
sire among the people for British and Indian manufactures; and
in this to a certain extent he seems to have succeeded. . . . Java
and Sumatra have given birth to two very excellent books, every
way worthy of them-the one on Java, by Sir Stamford Raffles;
the other on Sumatra. by Mr. Marsden.”—Quarterly Review.
Anderson, John. Chronicles of the Kirk; or Scenes
and Stories from the History of the Church of Scotland
from the Earliest Period to the Second Reformation.
purpose."-British Quarterly Review.
"Its gracefulness and brevity give it much adaptation for its
Anderson, M. Ten Discourses on Moses, Lon., 1834.
Anderson, Patrick. Jesuit. Ground of the Catholic
and Roman Religion in the word of God, 1623.
Kinghorne Craig, &c., Edin., 1618. Rare, sold in the
Anderson, Patrick, M.D. The Colde Spring of
Gordonstoun sale for £1 11s. 6d. Grana Angelica, &c.,
Edin.,1635. Also rare.
Anderson, R. Rud. of Tamul Grammar, Lon., 1821.
Anderson, Ralph, Polit. and poet. writer, 1797-1808.
Anderson, Robt. Treatises on Gauging and Gun-
Anderson, Robt. Theolog. works. Lon., 1834–46.
Anderson, Robt., M.D., 1751-1830, best known as
the editor and biographer of the British poets, was edu-
cated at the University of Edinburgh, in which city he
resided for the last forty years, devoted to literary pur-
suits.
Life of Samuel Johnson, with Critical Observations
on his Works, Lon., 1795. Life of Dr. Smollett, Edin.,
1803. The Works of the British Poets; with Prefaces,
Biographical and Critical, 1799, 13 vols. He edited the
works of Dr. Moore.
He also made numerous contributions to various publications,
but more through his fondness of literature than any love of
money. His correspondence with literary men was extensive, by
whom he was held in the greatest esteem, not more for his talents
than the frankness of his temper, and the warmth of his heart.”
for a number of interesting letters between Bishop Percy
See Nichols's Illustrations of Literary History, vol. vii.,
and Dr. Anderson.
and Dr. Anderson. The correspondence was commenced
by the Bishop as follows:
"Your edition of the Poets of Great Britain does so much
honour to their biographer and critic, that every friend to litera-
ture should assist his candid aud ingenious labours: this, I hope,
will serve as my apology for addressing a letter to you, without a
more regular introduction."
“To good old Anderson, the poets and literature of the country
are deeply beholden.”—Quarterly Review.
The following notice of some of Walter Scott's early
essays in literature will interest our readers:
An ingenious friend here wished to avail himself of the oppor
tunity to submit to your lordship's inspection one or two of his
compositions in the style of the ancient Scottish ballad, in testi-
mony for his high respect for your character, and of his gratitude
ballad-thinking and expression... The name of my friend is
to the editor of The Reliques, upon which he formed his taste for
Walter Scott. Esq."-Anderson to Percy.
Anderson, Rufus, minister of Wenham, Mass. 2
Serm. on the Fast, 1802. Letters on Baptists, 1805.
Anderson, Thos. Con. to Medical Com., 1774, &c.
Anderson, W. Mercantile Correspond., 12mo, N. Y.
Anderson, Walter, D.D., d. 1800, for fifty years
minister of Chirnside, in Scotland. The History of
France, 1769-75-83, Lon., 5 vols. 4to.
"In that genius, that natural discernment, that knowledge of
the world, which are so absolutely necessary to the historian, he is
surprisingly defective."-New Cat. of L. English Authors.
"A heavy compilation of very little value.”—Rose's Biog, Diet,
5J
AND
AND
46
The Philosophy of Anc. Greece investigated, Edin., 1791.
This work is more respectable in point of matter. It is fuller
than the work of Stanley on the same subject, and less extensive
and prolix than that of Brucker."-Gent. Mag.
Anderson, Wm., Chap. E. India Co. 4 Serms., 1708.
Anderson, Wm. Hamilton and Douglas Case, ed. 1768.
Anderson, Wm. Stacking Corn, 1816.
Anderson, Wm. See Med. Com. and Phil. Trans.,
1776-78.
Anderson, Wm. The Russian Empire, Lon., 1815.
Anderson, Wm. See Trans. Hort. Soc., 1817.
Anderson, Wm. Lon. Commercial Dict., Lon., 1826.
Anderson, William, LL.D., b. 1800, at Kilsyth,
Scotland, a popular preacher of Glasgow. Discourse on
Regeneration, 12mo. Discourses on Various Subjects,
12mo. Lectures on the Mass, Popery, &c.
Anderson, William. Landscape Lyrics, Lon., 1839,
12mo. Gift for all Seasons, 1843, 12mo. Author of His-
torical Memoirs of British newspapers in Fraser's Mag.,
1838-39.
Anderson, W. J. 1. Causes and Treatment of Ner-
vous Affections, Lon., p. 8vo. 2. Treatment of Diseases
of Pregnancy, p. Svo.
Anderton, or Anderson, Jas., published, under
the name of John Brerely, in 1604, The Apology of Pro-
testants for the Roman Religion. This was answered by
Morton's Appeal, 1606. Anderton's 2d ed. and rejoinder
appeared in 1608.
Translated into Latin by Reynes in
1615. A Treatise on the Mass. Religion of St. Augustine,
Latin, Cologne, 1620.
Anderton, Lawrence, also a Lancashire man, a
Jesuit. Treatise on the Origin of Catholics and Protest-
ants, Rouen, 1632. The Triple Cord, St. Omer, 1634.
Andever, Lord. Two Speeches, 1641.
Andre, J. W. Brit. Eclogue for 1805; a Poem, 1805.
Andre, Major John, a talented and amiable young
British officer, well known for his unfortunate end, having
been executed as a spy, Oct. 2, 1780, during the Revolu-
tionary war of the U. States of N. America. He was the
author of the Cow Chase, an heroic poem in three cantos,
pub. in Lon. in 1781.
"It was originally pub. in Rivington's Royal Gazette, N. York,
in the morning of the day on which Andre was taken prisoner.
The last stanza, intended to ridicule Gen. Wayne for his failure in
an attempt to collect cattle for the army, is this:
<
And now I've closed my epic strain;
I tremble as I show it,
Lest this same warrior-drover Wayne
Should ever catch the Poet!"-Allen's Bing. Dict.
Andre, Wm. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1782-84.
Andreas, B. Serm. on 5th Chapiter Song Sol., Lon.,
1583.
Andree, John, Surgeon and Teacher of Anatomy,
London, pub. many profess. treatises, Lon., 1737–78.
Andree, R. J. Vocabulary in 6 Languages, Lon., 1725.
Andrescoe. Sermons, 1581.
Andrew, Dr. Theolog. Treatise, Lon., 1735.
Andrew, Jas. Astronomical Tables, Lon., 1810.
Andrew, Jas., 1773-1833. Insti. of Grammar, 1817.
Andrewe, Thos. The Unmasking of a Feminine
Machiavell. Est nobis valuisse satis, Lon., 1604.
"A poetical tract of little value, containing a description of the
battle at Newport."-Lowndes.
B. See ANDREAS, B.
Andrewes, B.
Andrewes, Gerard, 1750-1825, Dean of Canterbury,
refused the Bishopric of Chester-a clergyman of exem-
plary piety. A Serm. pub. 1798. Do. pub. 1803; and
some Lectures in the publication called "Onesimus."
Andrewes, Geo. Dictionary of the Slang and Cant
Languages, Lon.
Andrewes, Thos. Serm. 1 Pet. ii. 17; Rom. xiv.
19, 1717.
Andrewes, Thos. Rates and Tables, Bristol, 1787.
Andrews, D. Letter to Dr. Wakefield, Lon., 1794.
Andrews, Eliza. The MSS. of Virtudo, 1801. The
Beauties of Sturm's Reflections.
Andrews, Ethan Allen, LL.D., 1787-1858, b. at
New Britain, Conn., graduated at Yale Coll., 1810, Prof.
of Ancient Languages Univ. N. Carolina, 1822-28. He
succeeded Mr. Jacob Abbott as Principal of the Young
Ladies' School of Boston, and was Senior Editor of the
Religious Mag. in connexion with Jacob and John S. C.
Abbott. The Latin works of Dr. Andrews are: First
Latin Book; Latin Reader; Viri Roma; Latin Lessons;
Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar; Synopsis of
Latin Grammar; Questions on the Latin Grammar; Latin
Exercises; Key to Latin Exercises; Exercises in Latin
Etymology; Cæsar's Commentaries; Sallust; Ovid; Latin
| Dictionary. His most elaborate work is his Latir. English
Lexicon; a condensed traus., with alterations, of the Wör-
terbuch der Lateinischen Sprache of Dr. Wilhelm Freund.
At the time of his death he was engaged in revising a new
ed. of the above work, which will be completed by his
family. See AINSWORTH, ROBERT.
Andrews, G. H. Agricultural Engineering. The
Practical Farmer; Modern Husbandry, Lon., 1854, 8vo.
Andrews, Geo. Reports of Cases Court K. Bonch
in the 11 and 12 years of Geo. II., 2d ed., with notes, and
an appen. cont. additional cases, by G. W. Vernon, Dub.,
1791.
"Many of the cases contained in these Reports are also reported
by Strange, and in cases tempore Lord Hardwicke. Andrews,
however, has usually given a fuller and more satisfactory report
of these cases than is found in reports of the same period. His
reports are accurate, judicious and satisfactory.' The 1st ed. was
in fol.. 1754. See Wallace's Reporters, 63, 2d ed.”—Marvin's Legal
Billiography.
·
Andrews, H. C. Botanical works, Lon.. 1796-1812.
Andrews, G. P. Tables of Rates and Taxes, 1815.
Andrews, J. Love and Chastity. A Poct. Ess., 1780.
Andrews, J. Petit, 1737-1797, a London magis-
trate, and miscellaneous writer. His principal works were,
1. Anecdotes, Ancient and Modern, Lon., 1789.
1
“An amusing and humorous collection."-Lowndes.
"A person of extensive reading, who, with judicious selection,
and good taste, keeps a common-place book, and afterwards com-
acknowledgments of those who, at so cheap a rate, and in so easy
municates the contents to the public, certainly merits the grateful
a manner, are furnished with rational entertainment; the fruit of
many years' attention, and much labour, on the part of the com-
piler... Mr. Andrews seems in his preface to be apprehensive
that his compilement might meet with an ungracious reception
from the reviewers. Surely his fears were groundless! Those
critics, we conceive, must be very ill-natured who could snarl at
the well-intended offer of a book, by no means ill-calculated for
their entertainment."-Lon. Monthly Review.
We might say much in praise of good compilations of
anecdotes and ana, but we shall prefer to quote a higher
authority than our own:
"I love anecdotes. I fancy mankind may come, in time, to
write all aphoristically, except a narrative; grow weary of prepa-
ration, and connection, and illustration, and all those arts by
which a big book is made. If a man is to wait till he weaves
anecdotes into a system, we may be long in getting them, and get
but few, in comparison of what we might get."-DR. JOHNSON.
2. The History of Great Britain connected with the
Chronology of Europe, with Notes, &c., containing anec-
dotes of the times, lives, &c. of the learned, and speci-
mens of their works, Lon., 1794–95.
"In the work before us we have the history of all authors most
interesting to a Briton,-tbat of his own countrv. treatec. on a
new, and, we think, an excellent pian... Mr. Andrews's style is,
in general, well adapted to his subject; perspicuous, though con-
cise, and at once elegant and nervous... When his plan is com-
pleted. he will have supplied a desideratum in English literature,
by giving, within a reasonable compass, and connected with the
events of neighbouring states, the history of Great Britain, se
lected with judgment, abridged with accuracy, enriched with erudi-
tion. and occasionally embellished with wit."-Lon. Monthly Keview
"The Notes to this valuable historical work contain a great va-
riety of curious and amusing particulars.”—Lowndes.
3. A Continuation of Henry's History of Great Britain,
Lon., 1796.
The plan of Dr. Henry's History was most admirable,
and we are not surprised that Mr. Andrews should have
followed so good a model. We shall dwell more at large
upon the advantages of this arrangement in the proper
place. (See HENRY, ROBT.) Dr. Henry's work concluded
with the accession of Henry VIII. Mr. Andrews continued
the history to the accession of James I. The hope ex-
health and spirits would enable him to complete the un-
pressed, by a reviewer of the work, "that the author's
dertaking, and to bring it down to the present time," (1797,)
was disappointed. The author "rested from his many
expression of this hope.
useful labours" within six months from the date of the
expression of this hope. See Obituary, Gent. Mag., Sept.,
complete History of England, and the English-of the
1797. Having long ardently desired the appearance of a
people as well as their kings of the customs of the fire-
side, as well as the intrigues of the court-we acknowledge
with gratitude the accomplishment of our wish in the
Pictorial History of England pub. by Charles Knight, ono
of the first literary benefactors of the age. This excellent
work is arranged upon Henry's plan, with advantages
which neither Henry nor any one man could have secured.
Edinburgh Review, that it is the
We entirely concur with the intelligent eulogium of the
"Very thing required by the popular taste of the present day,
[by the erudite judgment as well, we should have added;] adding
to the advantage of a clear historical narrative, all the varied illus
trations of which the subject is capable."
60
AND
ANG
Andrews, John, called by Wood "A painful Preacher
of God's Word," pub. a number of religious works, (Ana-
tomies of Basenesse, &c.,) Lon., 1615-45.
Andrews, John. Serm. on Peter iv. 11, 1744.
Andrews, John, hydrographer, pub. an Atlas Sur-
vey, &c., 1797-1808.
Andrews, John. Scripture Doctrine of Grace, in
answer to Bishop Warburton, 1763. For some curious
letters between Warburton and Andrews, see Nichols's
Literary Anecdotes, vol. v. 620. Sermons on the most
important subjects, 1814.
Being a strict and serious man, and carrying his notions of
grace pretty high in the above-noticed publication, he was called
& Methodist, Archbp. Seeker had ever a good opinion of him, and
afterwards preferred him in Kent. Though Bp. Warburton did
not give him the living in Gloucestershire, yet he calls himself
his patron."-Dr. Lort's MS.
→
Andrews, John, LL.D., 1736-1809, a voluminous
historical, political, and miscellaneous writer, pub. in Lon.,
1773-1807. His History of the War with America, France,
Spain, and Holland, 1755-1783, was chiefly compiled from
the public prints, and the proceedings of the House of
Commons.
"In some circumstances we think the author has not been fully
informed, but these are few. Impartiality seems to have been
much attended to."-Lon. Monthly Review.
Andrews, John, D.D., 1746-1813, Provost of the
Univer. of Pennsylvania, was an Episcopal clergyman,
and a scholar of considerable attainments. He pub. Ele-
ments of Logic, and a sermon.
Andrews, Capt. Jos. Journey from B. Ayres, &c.,
Lon., 1827, 2 vols.
“A clear and sensible work, containing much valuable informa-
tion."-LoWNDES.
This is that Andrews, the ointment of whose name is sweeter
than spices! This is that celebrated Bishop of Winton, whose
learning King James admired above all his chaplains!"-HACKET.
Fuller calls him a "peerless prelate," and tells us in his
own style of quiet humour:
"He was an inimitable preacher in his way; and such plagiaries
who have stolen his sermons could never steal his preaching, and
could make nothing of that whereof be made all things as he de-
sired. Pious and pleasant Bishop Felton (his contemporary and
colleague) endeavoured in vain, in his sermons, to assimilate his
style; and therefore said merrily of himself, I had almost marred
my own natural trot, by endeavouring to imitate his artificial
amble."
•
"His life was a life of prayer: a great part of five hours every
day did he spend in prayer and devotion to God."-BISHOP BUCKE
RIDGE: Funeral Sermon on Bp. Andrews.
"He was so skilled in all, that the world wanted learning to
know how learned he was."-FULLer.
"Indéed, he was the most apostolical and primitive-like divine,
In my opinion, that ever wore à rochet, in his age; of a most vene-
rable gravity, and yet most sweet in all commerce; the most de-
vout that ever I saw when he appeared before God; of such a
growth in all kinds of learning, that very able clerks were of low
stature to him. . . . In the pulpit, a Homer among preachers."
—BP. HACKET: Life of Williams.
which Donne is one of the most prominent specimens.
His Posthumous and Orphan Lectures have been greatly
admired.
Bp. Andrews has the credit, or discredit, as tastes vary,
of being the father of the quaint school of composition, of
"A theological student will do well to make himself acquainted
with his writings. There is frequently a force and vividness in
his language. a picturesqueness in his way of exhibiting the subject,
a point in his expressions, and a harmony in his periods, that we
shall vainly seek in the more sober and popular divines of the
succeeding schools. His sermons contain a rich mine of wisdom
and erudition.”
Andrews, Lancelot, 1555-1626, successively Bishop
of Chichester, Ely, and Winchester, was a native of Lon-
don. He was educated at Merchant-Tailor's School and
Pembroke Hall, Cambridge. The Church of England con-
tains no name more truly venerable than that of this good
prelate. For pelish and suavity of manners he was excelled
by no gentleman of the court; in piety, by no anchorite
of better times and purer days. In the discharge of all
the duties of religion, he so walked as to be an illustrious
exemplar to his flock and to the church of God. James I.
had so high an opinion of his abilities, that he employed
him to answer Bellarmine's Treatise against his own De-
fence of the Right of Kings. He was also a favourite
with Charles I. Casaubon, Cluverius, Vossius, Grotius,
Peter du Moulin, Barclay, and Erpenius were among his
correspondents. Lord Clarendon regrets that he was not
raised to the primacy on the death of Archbishop Bancroft.parison
Thus respected in life, he was not less honoured at his
death, by a Latin elegy from the author of Paradise Lost.
He wrote a number of works, pub. 1589-1610, and some
others were made public after his decease. His Manual
of Devotion in Greek and Latin, was translated by Dean
Stanhope, and has been frequently reprinted. He was one
of the translators of the authorized version of the Holy
Scriptures, for which duty he was well qualified: "a scholar,
and a ripe and good one," he had the credit of understand-
ing fifteen languages. We are less surprised at the holy
character of this good man, when we are informed that
ho devoted several hours each day to private prayer. Thus
he drow his strength from an unfailing fountain, and his
wisdom from the "Father of Lights."
This Manual is composed of sentences from the Sacred
Scriptures, and extracts from the fathers. It was com-
piled for his own use, (præces privatæ,) and was found
after his death "worn in pieces by his fingers, and wet
with his tears."
"When thou hast bought the book, enter into thy closet and
shut the door, pray with Bishop Andrewes for one week, and he
will be thy companion for the residue of thy years; he will be
pleasant in thy life, and in thy death he will not forsake thee."-
STANHOPE.
"It is a compact and ably-executed selection; without the con-
straint of a precise form, it presents a rich collection of materials
tions, a guide to self-examination, or an aid to pious reflection, it
for prayer: and whether as an enchiridiom of devotional aspira-
will be found of great utility."
The good bishop's motto was
"And who is sufficient for these things?"
of The Herald of Freedom, Boston; The Western Star,
Andrews, Loring, d. 1805, was editor successively
Stockbridge; and in 1803 he established The Charleston
Courier, a paper of considerable reputation.-Allen's
Biog. Diet.
Andrews, M. W. On Lunar Caustic, Lon. 1807.
merchant, wrote a number of dramatic pieces. Perhaps
Andrews, Peter Miles, d. 1814, son of a London
the title of one will satisfy our readers, and cause them to
excuse the rest of the catalogue: The Baron KINKVER-
VANKOTSDORSPRAKENGOTCHDERN, 1781. After the perform-
ance of the Baron, an extensive maxillary dislocation of
prise. The Biographia Dramatica gives Mr. Miles this
the members of the dramatic corps need not excite sur-
cruel blow-
This gentleman is . . . a dealer in gunpowder; but his works,
in their effect. by no means resemble so active a composition, be
ing utterly deficient in point of force and splendour."
Andrews, R. Work against Transubstantiation, 1755.
Andrews, or Androse, R. Trans. from Italian of
last book of Alexis' Secret, Lon., 1578.
Andrews, R. Gaol of Newgate Unmasked, Lon., 1809.
Andrews, R. Virgil Englished, 1766, etc.
Andrews, S. Obedience to Divine Rule, 1786.
Andrews, Stephen Pearl, b. 1812, in Mass.
Com.
of the Common Law with the Roman, French, or
Spanish Civil Law on Entails and other limited property in
Real Estate. Phonographic Class Books. Phonographic
Reader. Phonographic Reporter, &c., pub. J. F. Trow,N. Y.
Science of Society, N. Y., 12mo. Love, Marriage, and Di-
vorce, N. Y., 12mo. French, with or without a Master, N. Y.,
12mo. Contributor to the London Times and other journals.
Andrews, T. Vindication of Ch. of England, 1799.
Andrews, Thos. Sermon on Matt. v. 20, 1717.
Andrews, Thos. Inquiry rel. to T. Eccleston's Re-
ply, Lon., 1709. Serm. on Prov. iv. 10-14, 1712. On
John i. 14, 1731.
Andrews, W. E. Review of Fox's Book of Martyrs.
Andrews, Wm. Serm. on John i. 46, 47, Lon., 1638.
Andrews, Wm. Year Books, &c., Lon., 1656-$3.
Andrews, Wm. Address to the Public, 1774.
Andros, Edmund, d. 1714, Governor of New Eng-
land and other States of America. A Narrative of his
Proceedings in New England, in 1691; republished 1773.
Androse, R. See ANDREws.
Aneley, Samuel. See ANNESLEY.
Angas, G. F. 1. Illustrations of New Zealand, 1847,
fol. 2. Illustrations of South Australia, 1847, fol. 3. Il-
lustrations of the Kaffirs; or, Port Natal, 1849, fol. 4.
Rambles in Malta and Sicily, 1842, r. Svo. 5. Savage Life
and Scenes in Australia; 2 vols., 2d ed., 1847, p. Svo. 6.
Views of the Australian Gold-Fields, 1852. r. 4to.
Angel, or Angell, John, d. 1655, of Magdalen Hall,
became a frequent and painful preacher."
Oxf., after "taking the degrees in Arts and Holy Orders,
Wood's Athen.
Oxon. He was a Nonconformist.
Oxon. He was a Nonconformist. The Right Government
of the Thoughts, Lon., 1659. Four Sermons, 1659.
"He shone as a burning light, until God translated him to shine
above as a Star forever."-T. B.
"As his name was Angell, so he was a man indeed of Angelical
understanding and Holiness, a burning and shining Light."-Tuos
CASE.
Angel, John. History of Ireland, Dub., 1781.
Angell, John. An Essay on Prayer, Lon., 1761.
61
ANG
ANN
Sterography, or Short-Hand Improved, Lon., 1759. His
system is described as "complex and difficult." Dr. John-
son wrote the preface to the work.
..
Angell, Joseph K., 1794-1857, b. Providence, R. I.,
graduated at Brown Univ., 1813. Treatise on the Com-
mon Law in Relation to Water-Courses, with an Appendix
coutaining the principal adjudged cases and forms of de-
claration ; 3d ed., Boston, 1840; 4th ed., 1850 : 5th ed., Svo.
The law in relation to water-courses is becoming daily of in-
creasing importance, and Mr. Angell, in his work. has commend-
ably discussed the subject. Local legislation has altered, in many
of the States, the common law relative to water-courses, but this
does not preclude the necessity in many cases of resorting to well-
settled principles, in order to expound these legislative acts. No
intelligent lawyer can well practise without Mr. Angell's treatise
on water-courses."-3 Kent's Com. 453.
United States Law Intelligencer and Review, Providence,
1828-31, 3 vols. Treatise on the Right of Property in Tide
Waters, Boston, 1826; 2d ed., 1847.
"The only regular treatise upon this branch of the law, besides
the one under consideration, is Lord Hale's De jure Maris et Bra-
chiorum ejusdem. Mr. Angell has furnished the profession. in the
present publication, with a work that was much needed. He has
collected the materials for his book with great industry. from a va-
riety of sources that are not generally accessible, and his work is
a valuable contribution to our jurisprudence.”—Marvin's Legal
Bibliography.
|
Inquiry, &c., relative to an Incorporeal Hereditament,
Boston, 1827. A Treatise on the Limitation of Actions at
Law and Suits in Equity and Admiralty, Boston; 2d ed.,
1846; 4th ed., 8vo, revised and enlarged by J. Wilder May.
It is now more full and complete than any other treatise upon
this subject extant."-Marvin's Legal Bil.
..
Lord Brougham begs Mr. A. would kindly communicate to Mr.
Angell his very grateful sense of the favour done him by the valu-
able present of Mr. A.'s work. Lord B. has already consulted it,
and found it to be by much the best treatise on this very important
subject.”—Lord Brougham's Note to Mr. Arnold.
A Practical Summary of the Law of Assignments, Bos-
ton, 1835.
"It is a neat and valuable little manual of the law of voluntary
assignments by insolvent debtors."-2 Kent's Com., 536 n; 13 Am.
Jur. 234.
"The work contains a thorough and accurate analysis of all the
cases, English and American, upon the important subject on which
it treats. and, in addition, a chapter upon canals, railways, ferries,
and navigable rivers, which gives much valuable matter in a con-
densed and perspicuous style. It presents, as is usual in all Mr.
Angell's treatises, the very point decided in each case.'
|
>>
Angelo, Henry. 1. Reminiscences, Lon., 2 vols.
Evo. 2. Instructions for Cavalry Sword-Exercises, 12mo.
Angier, Lord. State of H. M. Revenue in Ireland,
1673.
Angier, John. An Help to Better Hearts for Better
Times, in several Sermons, Lon., 1647.
As his life was pious and devout, so was his sickness and death,
to the great comfort of those then present with him."- Wood's
Athen. Oxon.
Annerson, or Anneson, James. See MAXWELL,
JAMES.
Annesley, Alexander, author of several treatises
on Political Economy, and of the Compendium of the Law
of Marine, Life, and Fire Insurance; pub. Lon., 1800-8.
Annesley, Arthur, Earl of Anglesey, 1614–1686,
Fellow-Commoner of Magd. Coll., Oxf., about 1630. At
was Lord Privy-Seal under Charles II. He became a
the Restoration he was created Earl of Anglesey. His
Mr. Angell, in conjunction with Samuel Ames, has pub- lordship was the author of a number of political and theo-
lished a Treatise on the Law of Private Corporations Ag-logical works. Truth Unveiled, with a treatise on Tran-
gregate; 2d ed., Boston, 1843; 4th ed., 1858; 6th ed., Svo. substantiation, Lon., 1676. The King's Right of Indul-
“To these authors belongs the honour of first producing an Ame-gence in Spiritual Matters, with the equity thereof asserted,
1688. Happy Future State of England, 1688. Memoirs,
&c., 1693, etc.
rican treatise upon corporations, and whatever its defects may be in
style. arrangement, or in profusion of citations from English or
American reports, it is undoubtedly the best work upon corpora-
tions that an American lawyer can possess. . Chancellor Kent
highly commends the work.”—Marvin's Legal Bibl.
It is a very learned, full. and finished treatise, and cannot be
too highly praised."-CHANCELLOR KENT.
Treatise on the Law concerning the Liabilities and Rights
of Common Carriers; 2d ed., Boston, 1845, Svo; pub. in
Lon. in 1849, royal Svo.
It displays thorough research and learning, and cannot fail to
be welcomed as a valuable accession to the legal literature of the
age."
A Treatise on the Law of Fire and Life Insurance; with
an Appendix, containing Forms, Tables, &c., Svo. A Treat.
on the Law of Highways, by Joseph K. Angell and Thomas
Durfee, Esqrs., Svo.
"We have here the last of Mr. Angell's useful labours for the
profession of which he was a distinguished ornament. Being left
incomplete, it was finished in a very satisfactory manner by Mr.
Durfee.
|
Angier, Saml. Polite Modern Divine, Lon., 1756, etc.
Anglesey. The Case of Ann, Countess of Anglesey,
lately deceased, lawful wife of Richard Anglesey, late
Earl Anglesey, and of her three surviving daughters by the
said Earl, Lon., 1766. Written by one of the daughters.
"This state of a very hard case indeed is drawn up by one
of the three distressed daughters of a most unnatural father,
and will not, we are persuaded, fail of increasing (if it is pos-
sible to increase) the public detestation of a character too well
known to require our animadversion on it."-London Monthly
Review, 1766.
in the celebrated suit brought by James Annesley in 1744,
to recover the Annesley title and estate.
For an Epitome of this curious pamphlet, see Gentle-
man's Magazine for November, 1766, p. 537. This Richard,
Earl Anglesey, is the same nobleman who was defendant
62
Anglesey, Arthur, Earl of. See ANNESLEY.
Anglicus, Gilbertus. See GILBERTUS.
Anglicus, Richard. See RICHARD.
Anguish, Thos. Serms. puh. 1732-45–56.
Angus, Joseph, D.D. 1. Bible Iland-Book, Lou.,
1854, 22mo. 2. Christ our Life, p. 8vo. 3. Prize Essay ou
the Voluntary System, 1839, p. 8vo. 4. Bishop Butler's Ana-
logy, &c., also Fifteen Sermons; with a Life of the Author,
a Copious Analysis, Notes, and Indexes, 1855, 12mo, pp.
551. In a letter to the author of this Dictionary, written
just after the publication of this volume, Dr. T. Hartwell
Horne styles it the best edition of the Analogy which has
appeared.
Angus, W. Seats of the Nobility, Lon., 1787-1810.
Angus, Wm. Educational Works, Glasg., 1808-15.
Anley, Miss. 1. Earlswood, Lon., 1852, 12mo.
Influence, 4th ed., 1845, 12mo. 3. Miriam; 10th ed., 1845,
12mo. 4. Prisoners of Australia, 1841, 12mo.
2
Annand, Alex. Legal Government of India, Le n., 4to.
Annand, Wm., 1633-1689, educated at Univer. Coll.,
Oxf., was made Dean of Edinburgh, 1676. He was of
"good repute for his ready and edifying way of preaching.”
He was the author of Fides Catholica, Lon., 1661-62.
Panem Quotidianum; in defence of set form, and of the
Book of Common Prayer, 1661. Pater Noster, 1670. Mys-
terium Pietatis, 1672. Dualitas, Edin., 1674, etc.
66
-
"He was a person very subtil, cunning, and reserved in the
managery and transacting his affairs; of more than ordinary parts,
and one who had the command of a very smooth, sharp, and
keen pen. He was also much conversant in Books, and a great
Calvinist, but his known countenance and encouragement given
left it somewhat difficult, at least in some men's judgments, per-
to persons of very different persuasions in matters of religion, hath
emptorily to determine among what sort of men, as to point of re
ligion, he himself ought in truth to have been ranked.”—Wood's
Athen. Ozon.
Bishop Burnet describes him as a tedious and ungracefut
orator; a grave, abandoned, corrupt man, whom no party
would trust. But on the other hand, see Dr. Campbell's
would trust.
life of his lordship in the Biographia Britannica, who de-
clares that "it is not easy to say any thing worthy of so
great a man's character." When Drs. Burnet and Camp-
bell disagree, who shall decide?
That his Lordship sailed with the times, remains notorious.
Those principles must be of an accommodating temper which could
suffer the same man to be president of a republican council of
state, and recommend him for chancellor to an arbitrary and
popish king. Once when the Earl of Essex charged him in the
House of Lords with being prayed for by the Papists, Anglesey
said, 'He believed it was not so: but if Jews in their synagogues,
or Turks in their mosques, would pray for him unasked, he should
be glad to be the better, for their devotion.'"-Walpole's R. & N.
Author's.
portment; but stuck at nothing and was ashamed of nothing.
"He was capable of great application, and a man of a grave do
He seemed to have no regard to common decencies, but sold every
thing that was in his power, and sold himself so often, that at last
the price fell so low that he grew useless."—Burnet's History of
the Reign of Charles II.
Dr. Kippis, the editor of the Biographia Britannica, was
quite indignant at Walpole's styling it (for giving, as he
thought, too favourable an opinion of our author) "Vindi-
catio Britannica," or a "Defence of Everybody;" where-
upon the editor remarks, in his 2d edition,
If we have been guilty of an excess of gentleness, we must
It will behoove us,
guard for the future against this amiable error.
for instance, when we come to the Life of Sir Robert Walpole, to
take care that we be not too milky,"
The lively Horace could have afforded to laugh at this
threat; his alphabetical distance from the Doctor's ven-
geance rendered him very secure. Before the slowly-ad-
vancing foe could reach the letter "W," the "Blue" and
!
ANN
ANS
the "Red Chambers," the "Round Tower," and the "Tri-
bune" of Strawberry Hill, would, in all probability, know
no more the collector of trinkets, and the distributor of bons
mots. True enough! some eighteen years were required to
reach the letter " F," and the "force of" book-making
"could no further go." At this rate, would it not require a
Methuselah of an editor to punish Walpole, Sir Robert, for
the sins of Walpole, Horace? Let not the alphabetical
editor threaten in "A" what he intends to do in "W"
"Life is short," and biographies are "long;" which last
consideration induces us to resume, that we may speedily
cut short, that of Arthur, Earl of Anglesey. We shall
gratify Anthony Wood, who seems in this instance quite
sanguinary, by permitting him to despatch our "Author
Anglesey," as he rather contemptuously designates the earl:
"At length, after our author, Arthur, Earl of Anglesey, had acted
the part of a Politician, and ran with the times for more than 45
years, he gave way to fate in his house in Drury Lane, in 1686.
He left behind him a choice library of books, which were exposed
to sale by way of Auction, in Oct., Nov., &c. following."
The mention of that "Library of books" will touch a
chord in the bosom of many a Bibliomaniac; and being
slightly of that order ourselves, we shall crave the indul-
gence of the general reader to linger a moment in this
"Library." Dr. Campbell gives the earl no small praise
for his book-collecting zeal :
"He was one of the first English Peers who distinguished him-
self by collecting a fine library, which he performed with great
care, as well as at a large expense; and as he was desirous that so
valuable a collection might not be quickly dissipated, but remain
in his family, he caused it to be disposed in a manner suitable to
its worth in a particular department of Anglesey House. But
these precautions proved fruitless, as his Lordship's good inten-
tions likewise did; his books, within a few months after his de-
cease, being exposed to public sale by Mr. Millington, a famous
auctioneer."
We marvel that Dr. Dibdin omitted to place our Biblio-
maniac in his list of "Collectors of Books in Great Bri-
tain." See BIBLIOMANIA. Now this auction sale would
be memorable were it only for the discovery of the "fa-
mous memorandum," made by the earl on the blank leaf
of a copy of EIKON BASILIKE; but we must not prolong
this hydra-headed article by any further dissertations.
How this curious memorandum was accidentally disco-
vered, how it was purposely published, how a great contro-
versy thence arose, how sundry controversialists were "set
together by the ears," how men, usually amiable enough, in
disputing about the EIKON BASILIKE presented any thing
but the portraiture of unprejudiced judges in the premises
-all these matters will be found in the Life of Bp. Gauden,
in the present volume. For a detailed account of the
whole controversy, the reader is referred to the Biog. Bri-
tannica, article Gauden.
Annesley, or Anslay. Trans. The Boke of the Cyte
of Ladyes, Lon., 1521.
Annesley, Sir James. 1. Researches into the
Causes of Discases of India, Lon., 2 vols. imp. 4to, £14 148.
2d.; 2d ed., 1841, 128.; 3d ed., 1855, Svo. 2. Sketches of
Diseases Prevalent in India, Svo.
Annesley, Sir Francis. Copy of Sentence of War,
&c., with his Petition against Earl of Stafford, Lon., 1641.
Annesley, or Aneley, Saml., LL.D., 1620 ?-1696, a
very eminent Nonconformist minister, pub. sermons, Lon.,
1655-92, and wrote a supplement to the Morning Exercise
at Cripplegate.
"He with much ado (being naturally dull, yet industrious) got
to be Bach. of Arts, notwithstanding he that presented him to that
degree (who did swear that he knew him to be aplus, habilis, and
iloneus) did take a hard oath for him."-Wood's Athen. Oxon.
Anneson, or Annerson, James. See MAXWELL,
JAMES.
Annet. Short-Hand Perfected, 1761.
Annet, Peter. A Collection of the Tracts of a cer-
tain Free Enquirer, noted by his sufferings for his opin-
ions, 1766, respecting himself.
The tracts here reprinted, are chiefly those which appeared
on the infidel side of the question, in the notable controversy con-
cerning the resurrection of Christ, in the years 1744 and 1745; the
answers to Mr. Jackson's Letter to the Doists, and to Lord Lytleton's
Observations on St. Paul, with some others.”—Lon. Monthly Rev.
See CHANDLER, SAMUEL, p. 367, post.
Annet's Works, 1739, contains also the tract Social Bliss
considered, (or all things in community,) which is the
germ of Owenism and Socialism.
Anselm, 1033-1109, like his predecessor Lanfranc,
was a native of Italy. He was born at Aosta, in Pied-
mont, at the foot of the Graian Alps, about the year 1033.
In his childhood he had imbibed religious sentiments from
the teaching and example of his mother, and exhibited an
early taste for learning. His father discouraged the child
-
in his pursuits, and when, at the age of fifteen. Anselm
ventured to declare his wish to embrace a monastic life,
the anger of the parent was so strongly expressea, that the
youth determined to quit his home and country, and throw
himself upon the wide world. Of the next three years of
Anselm's life, we only know that they were spent, perhaps
fruitlessly, partly in Burgundy and partly in France. It
does not appear how he was occupied during this period,
but in the course of his wanderings he arrived at Avranches,
and there he first heard of the fame of his countryman
Lanfranc and the school of Bec. The eagerness after
learning which had distinguished Anselm in his childhood
now returned, and he hastened to Bec to place himself un..
der Lanfranc's tuition. He devoted himself to his studies
with wonderful perseverance, scarcely quitting his books
by night or by day, and often forgetting his meals. When
Lanfranc at length made him a partner in his labours, and
intrusted to him the instruction of others, Anselm showed
little taste for his occupation; he preferred solitude and
meditation to an active life, and after much doubting as to
where and how he should take the habit, and after con-
sulting with Lanfrane and with Maurilius, Archbishop of
Rouen, he became a monk in the abbey of Bec, in the
twenty-seventh year of his age, (A. D. 1060.) Still he was
not allowed to remain inactive; for, when Lanfrane was
made Abbot of Caen, (not, as commonly supposed, in 1063,
but in 1066,) Anselm was chosen to succeed him as Prior
of Bec, an office which he held till Abbot Herluin's death
in 1078, when he was further raised to be his successor.
As monk and prior, he was distinguished so much by
his piety and virtues, that his brethren believed him to
be possessed of the power of working miracles. The abbey
of Bec had possessions in England, and soon after his
election Abbot Anselm found it necessary to visit them.
This was a favourable opportunity of consulting with his
ancient friend Lanfranc, by whom he was received at
Canterbury with the greatest marks of distinction and
esteem. He spent a short time in the society of the monks
of Canterbury, and gave his advice in the question then
agitated relating to the sanctity of the Saxon Archbishop
Elfege. In other parts of England, Anselm was received
with the same marks of respect as at Canterbury. In
1088, Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, died, and in
1093, Anselm, much against his will, obeyed the commands
of William Rufus, by accepting the vacant see. He died
of a lingering illness, attended by a distaste for all kinds
of nourishment, on the 21st of April, 1109, in the seventy-
sixth year of his age, after having held the see of Canter-
bury sixteen years. He was buried in his cathedral, at
the head of his friend and predecessor, Lanfrane.
By his rare genius he did much towards bringing
metaphysics into repute. He laid the foundation of a new
school of theology, which was free from the servile cha-
racter of the older writers, who did little more than collect
together a heap of authorities on the subjects which they
treated. The Monologium and the Proslogium are admir-
able specimens of abstract reasoning. His reading was
extensive, and his style is clear and vigorous.
His pub-
lished writings are, 1. The Monologion, a metaphysical
treatise, in which Anselm attempts to establish, by ab-
stract reasoning, the existence of God, his attributes, &c.
He submitted this work to the judgment of Lanfrane, be-
fore he ventured to publish it. 2. The Proslogion, in which
he undertakes to prove the existence of God by one single,
continued argument. 3. The answer to Gaunilo, a monk
of Marmoutier, who had criticised the Proslogion, and
introduced as his imaginary opponent) against Anselm's
espoused the cause of the incipiens (whom Anselm had
arguments. In this tract he enlarges and explains some
of his arguments which had been misunderstood. 4. On
the Trinity and the Incarnation, a controversial treatise
against the celebrated philosopher Roscelin. 5. On the
tise, in which he collected the arguments he had employed
Procession of the Holy Ghost, another controversial tren-
in the Council of Bari against the Greeks, who denied that
the Holy Ghost proceeded from the Son. Anselm is said
to have written this book between 1100 and 1103, at the
request of Hildebert, Bishop of Mans. 6. Dialogue in
twenty-eight chapters. De casu Diaboli, treating chiefly on
the subject of the origin of evil. 7. A treatise entitled
Cur Deus Homo? in two books, written in the form of a
dialogue between the author and Boso, Abbot of Bee, for
the purpose of showing the necessity of the Christian
scheme of redemption, and proving the resurrection of the
body. It was begun in England, and finished in Italy.
S. A treatise in twenty-nine chapters on the Conception
of the Virgin, and on Original Sir, composed at Lyons,
|
|
63
ANS
ANS
1
expurgata et aucta. Secunda editio, correcta et aucta. Lutetia
Parissiorum, 1721, fol. The first edition was published at Paris in
1675. A third was printed at Venice. 1744, in 2 vols. folio.-Tho
works of S. Anselm, more or less complete, will also be found in
different collections printed under the title of Bibliotheca Patrum.
Translations.
and addressed to the same Abbot Boso who appears in the
Cur Deus Homo? 9. A
9. A dialogue De Veritate between a
Master and his Disciple.. 10. A treatise De Voluntate,
first published by Gerberon, who found it without the
name of the author, but with strong internal proofs that
it was the work of Anselm. 11. A dialogue De Liberò
Arbitrio. 12. The treatise De Concordia præscientiæ et
prædestinationis et gratiæ Dei cum libero arbitrio. This
was Anselm's last, and perhaps his most profound work,
in which he undertakes to prove, first, that prescience is
not repugnant to free-will; secondly, that predestination
does not exclude free-will; and, thirdly, that grace does
not exclude free-will. 13. A short tract De Fermento
et Azymo. 14 and 15. Two brief treatises on Priests who
keep Concubines, and on Marriage between certain degrees
of affinity, questions then agitated in England. 16. A
dialogue on Dialectics, entitled De Grammatico. 17. A
very short treatise De Voluntate Dei. 18. Sixteen homilies.
19. A treatise on the Contempt of Temporal Things.
20. Another short tract in question and answer, entitled,
Admonitio morienti. 21. Twenty-one Meditations, of
some of which the authenticity is doubtful. 22. A
tion of seventy-four prayers. 23. Hymns, and a Psalter
of the Virgin, which are probably erroneously attributed
to Anselm. 24. A large collection of miscellaneous letters,
many of which afford valuable materials for the history
of the time. 25. His Constitutions. In addition to these,
the writers of the Histoire Littéraire de France enumerate
no less than thirty-six treatises which have been wrongly
attributed to Anselm. Among these we may place the
poem De Contemptu Mundi, which was the work of Alex-
ander Neckham. Some additions might still be made from
manuscripts to his authentic works, particularly to the
Homilies, Meditations, and Letters; and perhaps some of
Anselm's writings are entirely lost, such as the poem on
the death of Lanfranc, mentioned by Ordericus Vitalis.
Editions.
"These delightful volumes remind us of the best French me
Opera et tractatus beati Anselmi archiepiscopi Cantuarien. ordi-
nis sancti Benedicti. At the end. Opera sancti Anselmi que is
scripsit hoc libro quam salutari sidere clauduntur. Anno xp'i.
M. cccc. lxxxxj. die vero vicesima septima martii Nurenberge. per
Caspar Hochfeder: opifecem mira arte ac diligentia impressa. fol.
This volume contains the Duo libri cur Deus homo; liber unus de
incarnatione verbi; De conceptu virginali et peccato originali: De-
claratio cujusdam de eodem; Proslogion; Monologion; De proces-
sione spiritus sancti contra Græcos; Dyalogus de casu Dyaboli:
Pro insipiente; contra insipientem: De diversitate sacramento-
rum; De fermento et azimo; Expositiones membrorum et actuum
Dei et vestimentorum; De voluntate: De concordia præscientiæ et
prædestinationis et gratiæ Dei cum libero arbitrio; De libero arbi-
trio; De veritate; De similitudinibus: De mensuratione crucis:
Meditationes magnæ Anselmi; Meditatio ejusdem de redemptione
generis humani; De passione Domini: Speculum evangelici ser-
monis; Homelia, Intravit Jesus in quoddam castellum; Epistolæ
Sancti Anselmi; De imagine mundi. This edition was reprinted
in 1494.-Sermones tres de passione Christi. Argentie, M. cccc.
xcvj. 4to. At the end, sig. & 4, is added, Anselmi devotissimi de
passione Jesu Christi queretis de gloriosissime b't'e Marie Vignis
respondent! dyalogus incipit feliciter.-Opuscula beati Anselmi
archiepiscopi Cantuariensis ordinis sancti benedicti. fol. without
name of place or date. It contains two tracts not in the edition
of 1491. De miseria hominis. and De excellentia Virginis Mariæ.
It also contains an index. There was another edition of the Opus-moirs. a species of literature in which we are wofully deficient."—
cula without date.-Omnia divl Anselmi Cantuariensis archiepis-
copi theologorum omnium sui temporis facile principis Opuscula,
Antonii Democharis Ressonæi industria nune primum restituta.
Parisiis, 1544, fol. This contains, in addition to the previous edi-
tions, the tracts De similitudinibus, and De voluntate Dei. Re-
printed in 1549.-D. Anselmi Cantuariensis archiepiscopi, theolo-
gorum omnium sui temporis facile principis, neminique eorum qui
post eum fuerunt vel sanctitate. vel eruditione, vel eloquentia se-
cundi. luculentissime in omnes sanctissimi Pauli apostoli epistolas
et aliquot Evangelia enarrationes. Has enarrationes alii D. Íeromo
ascribunt.. Parisiis, 1544. fol.-Opera Venet. 1549. This edition ap-
pears to have been reprinted at the same place in 1568.-Anselmi
Elucidarium, Paris, 1560.-Opera Colon. 1560, fol., and again. Co-
lon. 1573, fol.-B. Anselmi Vita et Opera iv. tomis, ubi ejus Epis-
tolæ adjectæ sunt et notis illustratæ, per Joh. Piccardum. Col.
Agr. 1612. More complete than any of the preceding editions.-foundland, Lon., 1809.
B. Anselmi Opera extraneis in Sacros Libros Commentariis exone-
rata, recensuit et edidit Theoph. Raynaudus. Lugd. 1630, 3 vols.
fol.-S. Anselmi Cantuariensis archiepiscopi de Felicitate Sancto-
rum dissertatio, Exseriptore Eadinero Anglo canonico regulari.
Editore Joanne Bapt. de Machault. Parisino, Soc. Jesu. Parisiis,
1639. Svo.-The dialogue De libero arbitrio. was published in the
third volume of the Opuscula of St. Augustine, 4to, Lovan. 1648.
-Divi Aurelii Augustini Hippon. episcopi Meditationes, Soliloquia,
Lon. N. Monthly Magazine.
"The Margravine of Anspach claims attention rather from cir
cumstances than talent. She was a light and vivacious woman,
of a school which is rapidly going by, and which it is of the least
possible consequence to renovate."
et Manuale. Meditationes B. Anselmi, cum tratatu de humani
generis redemptione, &c. Coloniæ Agrippinæ, 1649, 16mo.-D`Ache-
rii Spicilegium, 4to. 1653-1677. tom. ili. p. 24. Second Edit. Paris,
1723, fol. vol. I. pp. 443-449. Sancti Anselmi Cantuariensis archie
piscopi tractatus asceticus, 4to. tom. iii. p. 121. tom. ix. pp. 116-123.
Second ed. tom. iii. p. 433-435. Some letters of Anselm.-Usher,
Veterum Epistolarum Hibernicarum Sylloge., 4to. Dublin.. 1633,
pp. 88-99. Six letters of Anselm.-Sancti Anselmi ex Beccensi al
ab-
bate Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi Opera... labore ac studio D.
Gabrielis Gerberon monachi congregationis S. Mauri ad MSS. fidem
A French translation of the Meditations of Anselm was pub
lished in 1571, and reprinted in 1588, 1602, and 1642.-Another
French translation of the Meditations, by Cerizius, appeared in
1650. A German translation of the Meditations had been printed
at Lunenberg in 1638.-The Mount of Olives; or, Solitary Devo.
tions. By Henry Vaughan, Silurist. With an excellent discourse
of the blessed state of Man in Glory, written by the most reverend
and holy father Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, and now done
into English, London, 1652, 12mo.-A third French translation
of the Meditations was published anonymously in 1700.—Pious
Breathings. Being the Meditations of St. Augustine, his Treatise
of the Love of God. Soliloquies, and Manual, to which are added
Select Contemplations from St. Anselm and St. Bernard. Made
English by George Stanhope, D.D., chaplain in ordinary to his
Majesty, London, 1701, Svo.-A translation into French of the
treatise Cur Deus homo? has been recently published in Paris.-
Abbreviated from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Anson, George, Lord, 1697-1762. Voyage round
collec-published under his direction; with Charts of the Southern
the World in 1740-2-3-4; compiled from his papers, and
Part of South America, of part of the Pacific Ocean, and
Richard Walter, A.M., Lon., 1748. Most of this work was -
of the Track of the "Centurion" round the World, by
composed by Peter Robbins.
"Anson's Voyage will contribute more to call forth genius, and
open the blossoms of the mind, than a dull didactic treatise of the
most sagacious philosopher."-Knox's Essays.
A voyage which is still about the most delightful of any with
which we are acquainted."-Edinburgh Review, April, 1839.
In 1752 was pub. a Supplement to Lord Anson's Voyage
round the World, containing a Discovery and Description
of the Island of Frivola. By the Abbé Coyer.
By the Abbé Coyer. To which is
prefixed an introductory Preface by the translator. This
is a satirical romance, in which the French nation (Fri.
vola) is most severely ridiculed.
"The modern French are represented as a race of triflers, wit
lings, and fops, whose effeminate manners, and slavish notions of
government, are contrasted with the supposed manlier conduct of
the English. As our judgment may be thought biassed on the
present occasion, we shall say the less of this entertaining per
formance of the Abbé's."-Lon. Monthly Review.
"Anson was the veriest Bull Dog of all circumnavigators, lov
ing nothing better than tough contests, by sea and by land; a
Spanish Galleon, or a hostile town, was equally an object of attack,
and he returned from his three years and nine months' absence
laden with more spoil and wealth than it had fallen to the lot of
any individual to bring home.”—DIBDIN.
See Life of Lord Anson, by Sir J. Barrow, Lon., 8vo.
Anspach, Elizabeth, Margravine of, 1750-1828,
the youngest daughter of Augustus, fourth Earl of Berke-
ley, pub. a number of works, 1778-1826. The principal
are, 1. Journey through the Crimea to Constantinople,
Lon., 1789. 2. Letters from Lady Craven to the Mar-
grave of Anspach, during her Travels through France,
Germany, Russia, &c., in 1785-87, Lon., 1814. 3. Mo-
moirs of the Margravine of Anspach, written by herself,
Lon., 1826.
Anspach, Rev. F. R., b. 1817, Penn. Systematic
Benevolence, 1853. Sepulchres of our Departed, 12mo. 1854.
timents ornately expressed."-Presbyterian.
"A fine tone pervades the volume, and it abounds in just sen
Anspach, Rev. L. A., a magistrate of Newfound-
land. A Sermon in French, 1798. Summary of the
Laws of Commerce and Navigation, adapted to the present
State, Government, and Trade, of the Island of New-
"The law on these several matters is here laid down with great
precision, and expounded with clearness."-Lon. Monthly Review.
Ansted, David Thomas, b. 1812, London, a dis-
tinguished geologist, educated at Cambridge, Prof. Geol.
King's Coll., London, Ass. Sec. Geol. Soc. and ed. of its
Journal and Proceedings. 1. Geology, Introductory, De-
scriptive, and Practical, 1844, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo. This
work gave its author a high position as a geologist. 2.
Geologist's Text-Book, 1845. 3. The Ancient World; or,
Picturesque Sketches of Great Britain, 1847. 4. The Gold-
Seeker's Manual, 12mo. 5. Elementary Course of Geology,
Mineralogy, &c., p. 8vo; 2d ed., 1856. 6. Notes on
Scenery, Science, and Art, 8vo.
Anster, John, LL.D., b. 1793, Charleville, Ireland.
Regius Prof. Civil Law in Trinity College, Dublin. Prize
1
61
ANS
APL
Poem on the death of the Princess Charlotte, 1817. Poems, readings, and a copious commentary; a smaller editin
with trans. from the German, 1819. Faustus; from the was published in 1833. In 1835, in connection with the
German of Goethe, 1835. Highly praised by S. T. Cole-publishing house of the Messrs. Harper, Professor Anthon
ridge, Blackwood's Mag. and Edin. Rev., and Dr. Mac- projected a classical series, which should comprise as well
kenzie. Xeniola, with other Poems and Translations, 1837. the text-books used in academies and schools preparatory
Introductory Lecture on the Study of the Civil Law, 1849. to college, as those usually read in colleges and universi-
Contrib. largely to Blackwood's Mag., Dublin Univ. Mag., ties. This series includes some of the most important
Greek and Latin authors. Dr. A. has pub. larger works
on Ancient Geography, Greek and Roman Antiquities,
Mythology, Literature, &c., in all about 50 vols.
&c.
Dr. Anthon's Classical Series has proved one of the most
successful enterprises of the kind in America.
Anthon, Charles E. Pilgrimage to Treves in 1844,
N. York, 12mo.
Anthon, Henry. Easy Catechism, N. York, 18mo.
Catechism on the Church Homilies; Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, N.
York, 18mo.
Anstey, Christopher, 1724-1805, was a son of the
Rev. Christopher Anstey, Rector of Brinkeley, in Cam-
bridgeshire. He pub. a number of works, 1766-1804;
but his fame rests upon The New Bath Guide, one of the
most popular poems of the day, pub. in Lon., 1766.
Dodsley gave £200 for the copyright, which Anstey be-
stowed in aid of the hospital at Bath. The publisher de-
clared that the profits on the sale were greater than he
had ever gained in the same period by any other book,
and in 1777 he returned it to the author.
Anthon, John, b. at Detroit, 1784, an eminent Ame-
"There are a thousand strains of humour in these high wrought|rican lawyer and legal writer, brother of Chas. Anthon,
Epistles, some of which do not occur to you at the first reading; LL.D. Essay on the Study of Law; improved and finally
-si propius, te capiet magis:-the author frequently heightens prefixed to Mr. A.'s Analysis of Blackstone.
and by parodies
Monthly Review, 1766.
"This essay is worth the perusal of the legal aspirant.”—Marvin's
Legal Bill.
Notes to Tidd's Practice. Analysis of Blackstone, 2d
ed., Phila., 1832. 8vo.
Especially valuable in this country, because it is prepared with
peculiar reference to our circumstances."
Smollett has borrowed so largely from Anstey, that
Humphrey Clinker may almost be called The New Bath
Guide in Prose, so far as characters and situations are
concerned.
"But Anstey's diverting satire was but a slight sketch compared
to the finished and elaborate manner in which Smollett has, in the
first place, identified his characters, and then filled them with lan-
guage, sentiments, and powers of observation in exact corres-
pondence with their talents, temper, condition, and disposition."
-SIR WALTER SCOTT.
Lectures on Laws and Constitution of England, p. 8vo.
Anstice, Robt. Work on Wheel-Carriages, Lon.,
1790. Inquiry into Laws of Falling Bodies, Lon., 1794.
Anstie, J. Works upon Commerce, Lon., 1787-1802.
Anstis, John, 1699-1745, a learned heraldic writer,
and Garter king-at-arms, was born at St. Neot's, in Corn-
wall, and educated at Oxford, and at the Middle Temple.
He was M.P. in the reigns of Anne and George I. He
left a number of very curious and laborious works in MS.
Of his published essays the most important are, The Re-
gister of the most noble Order of the Garter, Lon., 1724,
2 vols. folio; usually called The Black Book, from its
black velvet cover. Observations introductory to an His-
torical Essay on the Knighthood of the Bath, Lon., 1725.
Anstruther, Alex. Reports of Cases in the Court
of Exchequer from E. T. 32 George III. to T. T. 37 Geo.
III., Lon., 1796-97, 3 vols. 2d ed., Lon., 1817.
"Anstruther's Reports are carefully and accurately compiled.
and have always been considered a good authority.”—Marvin's
Legal Bibl.
..
Anstruther, Sir John. On Drill Husb., Lon., 1796.
"He must have possessed a very ample and correct practical
knowledge of agriculture.”—DONALDSON: Agricult. Biog.
Anstruther, Sir W. Essays, Moral and Divine,
Edin., 1701.
Several authors, who shall be nameless, have committed
a grave error in charging Anstey with borrowing from
Smellett; whereas The New Bath Guide was published in
1766, whilst Humphrey Clinker was not written until
1770, and was published in 1771.
Anstey, John, son of the preceding. The Pleader's
Guide. A Didactic Poem, Lon., 1796. The Poet. Works
of the late Christopher Anstey, Esq., &c., Lon., 1808.
Anstey, T. C. Guide to the Laws of England af-
fecting Roman Catholics, Lon., 1842.
"This is the only professed treatise upon the laws of Great Bri-
tain relative to the Roman Catholics, and contains much valuable
information respecting Nonconformists of every denomination.
The author has ably discussed the conflict of imperial with local
laws-a branch of the conflict of laws that Mr. Justice Story and
Mr. Burge have omitted in their treatise upon the Conflict of Anthony, John, 1587-1655, son of the preceding.
Laws. He is also of opinion that confessions made to a Catholic Lucas Redivivus, or the Gospel Physician, prescribing (by
clergyman are, upon legal principles, privileged communications.
Mr. Anstey's work is a complete and valuable treatise upon the way of Meditation) Divine Physic, to prevent diseases not
rights and liabilities of Catholics. 24 L. 0. 535; E. Jurist, 25 E."yet entered upon the Soul, and to cure those maladies
Marvin's Legal Bibl.
which have already seized upon the Spirit, Lon., 1656.
The Comfort of the Soul, 1654.
Anthon, Chas., LL.D., was born in the city of New
York in 1797. In 1820 he was appointed adjunct Profes-
sor of Languages in Columbia College, New York, and in
1835 he was advanced to the station filled for many years
by Professor Moore, and vacated by his resignation. He
received the degree of LL.D. from his Alma Mater in 1831.
Mr. Anthon's publications have been numerous. His edi-
tion of Lemprière's Classical Dictionary, was very favour-
ably received, and immediately republished in England.
In 1830 appeared his larger edition of Horace, with various
"It cannot fail to be a great favourite with elementary stu-
dents."-Hoffman's Leg. Stud. 160.
Nisi Prius Cases; 2 edits. The Law Student-American
Digest, 1 vol. Edited by J. A. :-Booth on Real Actions;
American Precedents, 1821, Svo, 4th ed.; West Brook-
field, 1848, Svo; Espinasse's Nisi Prius. Shepherd's
Touchstone. Oration, July 4, 1812. Coutribution to the
American Jurist.
Anthony, Elliot. A Digest of Cases in the Supreme
Court of Illinois from 1819 to 1854, Philadelphia, 1855, Svo.
Anthony, Dr. Francis, 1550-1623, a noted empiric
and chemist, was the father of the controversy concerning
the Aurum Potabile, in which Dr. Gwinne and Dr. John
Cotta took part. He declared that he could produce an
extract, or honey, of gold, which he calls the Universal
Medicine," from its marvellous effects upon the human
system. His first treatise on this subject was published in
1598. In 1610 he pub. Medicina Chymica et veri pota-
bilis Auri Assertio, &c.
So great was the demand for the father's Aurum Pota-
bile, that the son made a handsome living by its sale.
Extracts
Anthony, Susanna, of Rhode Island.
from her writings were pub. by Dr. Hopkins, 2d ed., 1810.
Antill, Ed., of N. Jersey. Cultivation of the Vine.
Amer. Trans., i. 181, 1789. Method of Curing Figs. Ib.
i. 266.
Antisel, Thos. Manual of Agricultural Chemistry,
12mo. 2. Irish Geology.
6
These little works are worth notice."-Donaldson's Agricult.
Bing.
Anton, Robt., a minor poet temp. James I. Vice's
Anatomy Scourged and Corrected; or, the Philosopher's
Satyrs. Lon., 1616.
Antrobus, Benj. Buds and Blossoms of Piety, with
some Fruit of the Spirit of Love, Lon., 1691.
Antrobus, J. 1. Clifton; a Poem, Lon., 12mo. 2.
Parental Wisdom, Svo. 3. Pilgrim's Dream, and other
Poems, 12mo. 4. Student's Manual, 1840, p. Svo. 5.
Wrongs of Poland; a Poem, Svo.
Antrobus, R. Brevia Selecta; or, Choice Writs, col-
Antes, J. Obs. on M. and C. of the Egyptians, Lon.,lected out of the writings of R. Antrobus and T. Impy,
1800.
Lon., 1663.
Antrobus, Thos., Surgeon, Liverpool. An Ampu-
tation of a Leg, without any subsequent Hæmorrbage,
Med. Obs. and Inq. ii. p. 152, 1762.
腰痛
​These satires possess little claim on the reader's notice, although
there are a few slight notices of the eminent poets contemporary
with this almost-forgotten author.”—Rose's Biog. Dict.
Anvers, Alicia D'. See D'ANVERS.
Anvers, Caleb D'. See D'ANVERS.
Anvers, Henry D'. See D'ANVERS.
Anvers, K. D'. See D'ANVERS.
Anwick. Med. upon God's Monarchie, Lon., 1587.
Anyan, T. Sermons Acts x. 34, 35. Ps. i. 3, Lon., 1612.
Apletre, J. Proposals rel. to Raw Silk, Lou. 1719.
5
65
APP
ARC
Svo.
Appelius, J. Death of Earl of Hanaw, Lon., 1612. | tacked this Essay with great success in an Examination of
Apperley. Essays and Reflections, Lon., 1793. Dr. W.'s Account, &c., which at once established his fame.
Apperley, Charles James, 1777-1843, a popular In 1700, he pub. a treatise On the Usefulness of Mathemati-
writer on sporting-subjects. 1. The Chase, Turf, and Road, cal Learning, which increased his reputation. An interest-
12mo, pub. in Quar. Rev., 1827. 2. Hunting Reminiscences, ing paper On the Regularity of the Births of both Sexes, (n
3. Hunting Tours, Svo. 4. Life of a Sportsman, most conclusive proof of a superintending Providence,)
Svo. 5. Nimrod Abroad, 2 vols. p. Svo. 6. Northern Tour. procured his election in 1704 into the Royal Society. In
7. Remarks on the Choice of Horses, Svo. S. Sporting 1712 appeared the first part of The History of John Bull,
Annual, imp. 4to. 9. Treatise on the Horse and Hound, intended to ridicule Marlborough, and dissatisfy the nation
p. Svo. Most of the above works were written for periodi- with the war. There never was a political allegory ma-
cals under the nom de plume of "Nimrod."
naged with more exquisite humour, or with a more skilful
adaptation of characters and circumstances." Swit, in
his Journal to Stella, and Pope, in Spence's Anecdotes,
both attribute this work to Arbuthnot, and certainly their
testimony should settle the question. Arbuthnot published
a number of other works, the most celebrated of which was
Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights, and Measures; 2d ed.,1727.
C
Apperley, T. Observations on Physic, Lon., 1731.
Applegarth, H. The Common Law Epitomized.
Lon., 1660.
E
Although there are several inaccuracies in it, which could
hardly be avoided in so intricate a subject, it is a work of great
merit, and has ever since been considered as the standard author
ity."-Encyc. Britannica.
The "Miscellaneous Works of Dr. Arbuthnot," puh. in
2 vols. in 1751, were publicly denied by his son to be his
father's productions.
"Positive as is this assurance, and though some few may be
spurious, the style and character of many fully prove them to he
genuine."-Rose's Biog. Dict.
Applegarth, Robt., formerly a Quaker, became a
member of the Church of England, and wrote Apology for
the Two Ordinances of Jesus Christ, by the Holy Com-
munion and Baptism, recommended to the Quakers, Lon.,
1789. Mr. Applegarth pub. some other works on Theology
and Political Economy, 1776-92.
Appleton, Mrs. Eliz. 1. Private Education, 1815.
"Many practical directions are given in this volume which will
be really useful to those who undertake the education of children."
-Lon. Monthly Review.
This lady had been governess in the family of the Earl
of Leven and Melville.
2. Edgar; a National Tale, 3
vols. 1810.
Appleton, Jesse, D.D., 1772-1819, was the second
President of Bowdoin College. He pub. several sermons,
1797-1818.
Appleton, John. Reports of the Supreme Judicial
Court of Maine in 1841, 2 vols. Svo, being vols. xix. and
xx. of Maine Reports, Hallowell, 1842-43.
Appleton, Nathaniel, D.D., 1693-1784, minister of
Cambridge, Mass., pub. a number of Theological works,
1728-70.
Appreece. See RHESE, JOHN DAVID.
Apsley, Sir Allen. Order and Disorder; or the
World made and undone, Lon., 1679. A Poem.
Apthorp, East, 1732-1816, an Episcopal minister,
was the son of Charles Apthorp, a merchant of Boston,
New England. He studied at Jesus College, Cambridge,
England, and in 1790 became prebend of Finsbury in St.
Paul's Cathedral. He pub. a number of Theological works,
1761-86, some of which are held in high estimation. Let-
ter on the Prevalence of Christianity before its civil estab-
lishment with observations on a late History of the De-
cline of the Roman Empire, Lon., 1778.
This is one of the many answers to the illogical insinua-
tions of Gibbon in the above-named work.
"The author has enriched this work with many learned remarks,
and especially with a catalogue of civil and ecclesiastical historians,
which the reader will find to be very useful."-BISHOP WATSON.
The celebrated Scriblerus Club was formed in 1714.
Arbuthnot and his intimate friends, Pope, Gray, and Swift,
together with Harley, Atterbury, and Congreve, were mem-
bers of this brilliant circle. The object of these wits was
to "ridicule all the false tastes in learning, under the cha-
racter of a man of capacity enough, that had dipped into
every art and science, but injudiciously in each.”—POPE.
fruits, The First Book of Martinus Scriblerus, The Travels
The club was not of long continuance, but we have as its
of Gulliver, and The Art of Sinking in Poetry.
"There seems to be every reason to believe, that of the three
pieces, Arbuthnot was the sole author of the first, Swift of the
second, and Pope of the last."—Retrosp. Review,
Dr. Johnson has asserted that no one was ever wiser,
better, or merrier for reading the Memoirs of Scriblerus.
During the last illness of Queen Anne, in 1714, Doctors
Arbuthnot and Mead attended her majesty: to this Gay
alludes in the Prologue to the Shepherd's Week:
"This leach Arbuthnot was yclept,
Who many a night not once had slept,
But watched our gracious sovereign still,
For who could rest while she was ill?”
Swift replied to a lady who desired to know his opinion
concerning Arbuthnot, "He has more wit than we all have,
and his humanity is equal to his wit." In one of his
poems, he laments that he is
"Far from his kind Arbuthnot's aid.
Who knows his art, but not his trade.”
Dr. Johnson, when talking of the eminent writers in
Queen Anne's reign, observed:
I think Dr. Arbuthnot the first man among them. He was
the most universal genius, being an excellent physician, a man
of deep learning, and a man of much humour."
Pope declared that he was fitter to live or die than any
man he knew:
Discourses on Prophecy, 2 vols., 1786.
"These discourses were read at the Warburtonian Lectures, at
which the celebrated Discourses of Bishop Hurd were also de-
livered; and are not unworthy of the object which the learned
prelate had in view in the establishment of that foundation. The
topics embraced by Dr. Apthorp are, the history of prophecy; Ca-
nons of Interpretation; prophecies of the birth of Christ; chrono
logical characters of the Messiah; theological characters of the
Messiah; prophecies of the death of Christ: of the kingdom of
Christ; characters of Antichrist; the mystic Tyre, and the origin
and progress of the Reformation. These subjects are discussed
with considerable ability and originality, and abound with clear and
Batisfactory views of the great doctrines of Christianity."—ORME.
“A most excellent and highly-esteemed work.”—LOWNDES.
Arbuckle, Jas., 1700-1734. 1. Hibernicus's Letters,
pub. in the Dublin Journal, Lon., 1729, 2 vols. 2. Poems.
Arbuthnot, Rev. Alexander, 1538–1582, was Prin-
cipal of the University of Aberdeen. He edited Bucha-
nan's History of Scotland, pub. 1582. His only produc-
tion is his Orationes de Origine et Dignitate Juris., Edin.,
1572. He was very serviceable to the Church of Scotland.
James VI. was much displeased at his editing Buchanan's
History. See Delit. Poet. Scot. for Latin verses by Thomas
Maitland, and an epitaph by Andrew Melvil, both in ho-
nour of our author.
"Although he was justly celebrated for wit and learning, there
was an excellence in his character more amiable than all his other
1746.
Arbuthnot, Arch. Life, &c., of Lord Lovat, Lon., qualifications: I mean the goodness of his heart.... Ile is seldom
Life, &c., of Miss Jenny Cameron, Lon., 1746.
serious, except in his attacks upon vice, and there his spirit rises
Arbuthnot, John, M.D., 1675-1734-5, was a native with a manly strength and noble indignation."-LORD ÖRRERY.
of Arbuthnot, near Montrose. He studied at the College Archard. Essay on the French Nobility, 1798.
of Aberdeen, where he took his degree of M.D. Upon his Archbold, J. F., an eminent writer on Law. 1. The
removal to London, his uncommon powers of wit and ripe | Practice of the Court of King's Bench, in personal Ac-
scholarship introduced him to the society of the principal tions and Ejectments, 8th ed., by Thomas Chitty. Includ-
literary characters of the day, with whom he was a greating the Practice of the Courts of Common Pleas and Ex-
favourite. For some time he supported himself by teaching chequer, 2 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1840, '45, '47; 9th edit.,
mathematics. In 1697, Dr. Woodward pub. an Essay to-adapted to the Common Law Procedure Act, 1852, entitled
wards a natural history of the Earth, in which he threw out | Proe. Courts Queen's Bench, 2 vols. 8vo, 1855; 2d Ame-
some singular views respecting the Deluge. Arbuthnot at-rican ed., 2 vols. 8vo, New York, 1838.
"His good morals were equal to any man's, but his wit and
humour superior to all mankind."
"Oh if the world had but a dozen Arbuthnots in it, I would
burn my travels! but, however, he is not without fault. There
is a passage in Bede highly commending the piety and learning
of the Irish in that age, where, after abundance of praises, he
overthrows them all, by lamenting that, alas! they kept Easter
at a wrong time of the year. So our doctor has every quality and
virtue that can make a man amiable and useful, but, alas! he
hath a sort of slouch in his walk."-DEAN SWIFT.
This slouch in the doctor's walk is noticed in a letter
from Pope to Mr. Digby, in which, after recommending
Arbuthnot to Mrs. Mary Digby, he says:
"But, indeed. I fear she would not walk with him, for, as Dean
Swift observed to me the very first time I saw the doctor, He is
a man that can do every thing but walk.'
<
"""
66
ARC
Ahl
"This is the leading work on practice in England. In the
United States. Tidd's Practice is probably in more general use
than any other English book upon the common law practice, and
'has been universally allowed to be a model of completeness and
accuracy. The reputation of Mr. Archbold's treatise. is mainiy
attributable to its excellent arrangement and perspicuous style.
It had passed through two editions. when Mr. T. Chitty first edited
the book, into which he has incorporated the changes made in the
English practice, by the Uniformity of Process Act, and the rules
and decisions consequent upon its passage. Warren's Law Stu
dies, 752; 1 Jurist, 46.”—Marvin's Legal Bibl.
•
2. The Law and Practice in Bankruptcy, as founded
on the recent statutes, 9th ed., by J. Flather. 12mo, Lon.,
1842 10th ed., 1844; 11th ed., by John Flatber, 1858,
12mo. 3. A
3. A Summary of the Law relative to Pleading
and Evidence in Criminal Cases, with the statutes, pre-
cedents of indictments, &c., and the evidence necessary to
support them; 9th ed., by Sir J. Jervis, Knt., 12mo, Lon.,
1843; 11th ed., by W. N. Welsby, 1849; 18th ed., by Welsby,
Lon., 1856; 4th American ed., 8vo, New York, 1843; 5th,
from 10th Lon. ed., 1846.
Trifling as it may seem, it has cost me much time and great
1bour. I have taken infinite pains to simplify my subject: to
reject every thing redundant or irrelevant; to compress the whole
Into the smallest possible compass consistent with perspicuity; and
to clothe it in language plain. simple, and unadorned."
"This treatise is a standard work of great practical utility in
England and America."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.
4. A Digest of the Law relative to Pleadings and Evidence
in Civil Actions; 2d ed., 12mo, Lon., 1837; 2d Amer. ed., |
from the 2d Lon. ed., N. York, 1838. 5. The New Practice
of Attorneys in the Courts of Law at Westminster; with
forms, including the recent statute as to attorneys; also
an appendix, comprising questions of practice, 2 vols.
12mo, Lon., 1844; 3d ed., 1846, 1847.
"The author. feeling himself aggrieved at the liberties taken by
Mr. Chitty, as editor of his treatise upon The Practice of the Court
of Queen's Bench, appears to have prepared this book of Practice
as a rival work to that altered by T. Chitty, 2 Jurist, 571.”—Mar-
vin's Legal Bibl.
6. Peel's Acts, and all other Criminal Statutes, passed
from 1 G. IV. to the present time, including the criminal
clauses of the Reform Act, with the forms of indictments,
&c., and the evidence necessary to support them; 3d ed.,
2 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1835.
"Peel's Acts, and the Statutes subsequently enacted upon the
subject of the Pleas of the Crown, now form nearly an entire body
of Crown Law; all the great offences (with the exception of High
Treason) and many of the minor offences have been made the sub-
ject of their provisions. The present edition contains the whole
of the Criminal Statutes passed since the 60th George III; and
each section, defining an offence, is followed by the form of the
indictment, &c., and the evidence necessary to support it."-Mar-
vin's Legal Bibl.
7. Collection of Forms and Entries in the Courts of K.
B. and C. P.; 2d ed., 12mo, Lon., 1828. S. The Jurisdic-
tion and Practice of the Court of Quarter Sessions, with
forms of indictment, notices of appeals, &c., 12mo, Lon.,
1836.
"This production is in part compiled from the author's previous
publications. Dickinson's treatise upon the same subject, written
many years since, in consequence of the many changes in the law.
has now little practical value. Mr. Archbold's book will be of great
assistance to every professional mau practising in the Court of
Quarter Sessions, 1 Jurist, 61."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.
9. Digest of the Laws relative to offences against God and
Religion, with the Laws which affect Protestant Dissenters
and Roman Catholics, with the Toleration Act, Svo, Lon.,
1813. 10. Digest of the Pleas of the Crown, Svo, Lon., 1813.
"This is one of three volumes of a Digest of Criminal Law, that
Mr. Archbold had prepared for the press, but about the time this
volume was published, several similar books were issued, and the
two remaining volumes never appeared. However, he has incor-
porated these parts of his unpublished Digest into his Summary
of Pleading and Evidence in Criminal Cases, 9. V.”—Marvin's Le-
gal Bibl.
11. Law relative to Commitments and Convictious by
Justices of the Peace, with forms, 12mo, London, 1828. |
12. Recent Criminal Statutes, with forms of indictment,
notes, and index, 12mo, Lon., 1837. 13. The New Bank-
rupt Act, 5 and 6 Vict. c. 122, with observations, showing
the alterations effected in the law and practice, arranged
on the plan of, and intended as a supplement to, the 9th
ed. of Archbold's Bankruptcy, &c. By John Flather,
12mo, Lon., 1842. 14. Justice of the Peace and Parish
Officer, comprising the Law relative to their several duties.
with all the necessary Forms of Commitments, Convictions,
Orders, &c., 3d ed., 3 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1845; 4th ed.,
1846; continued to 1850. The third volume of this work
The third volume of this work
is also published separately under the title of Archbold's
Poor Laws. 15. The Poor Laws. Comprising all the
authorities to 1844; 4th ed., Svo, Lon., 1845.
"Mr. Archbold has long since earned a fair and deserved reputa-
tion for the work of which this is the fourth edition.
it, upon the whole the best of the Archboldiana.
We think
Its com-
•
·
•
plained-of defects are the citing of manuscript cases. without re
ferring to the volumes in which they were subsequently printed
unnecessarily increasing 'the perplexing distinctions which beset
this vexed branch of the law, and the omission of the Title Bas
tardy.”—Mirrin's Legul Bibl.
;
6▸
Notwithstanding its occasional sins of omission and hardihood,
we find far more in this book to praise than to criticise, and pro-
nounce it, in every sense of the word, a useful work.” -2 London
L200 M+q.. N. S. 198,
M
16. The Law of Nisi Prius; comprising the Declarations
and other Pleadings in Personal Actions, and the Evidence
ed., 1845; 3d Amer. ed., annotated by Hon. J. K. Findlay,
necessary to support them, 2 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1843; 24
Phila., 1853, 2 vols. Svo.
The plan of this work is, to give under each head precedents
of the various pleadings in strict accordance with the new system;
the evidence necessary to support the various issues taken; and a
concise and correct statement of the general law on all the topics
treated of in the work.
“Mr. Archbold has no superior as a writer of practical works,
whether we regard their number, or utility, and but one equal,
Mr. Chitty. This treatise is more compressed than Mr. Stephen's
Nisi Prius, treating only of personal actions, as assumpsit, account,
debt, &c. This work is well arranged, and valuable as far as it
goes. Warren's Law Stud. 772; 26 L. O. 31.”—Morvin's Legul Bibl.
17. The Magistrate's Pocket Book, or an epitome of the
duties and practice of a Justice of the Peace out of Ses-
sions, alphabetically arranged, with forms of commitments;
to which is added a copious and general index; 4th ed.,
(W. Robinson,) 1842, 12mo. 18. Practice in the Crown
side of the Queen's Bench, with forms, &c., 12mo, Lon., 184.
"This work fully sustains the reputation of Mr. Archbold, and
higher praise could not well be given."-Law Times.
19. Act for the Amendment of the Poor Laws 4 and 5
Wm. IV. c. 76, with a practical introduction, notes, and
forms; 5th ed., 12mo, Lon., 1839. 20. Summary of the Law
relative to Appeals against orders of removal, against rates,
and against orders of filiation; together with the Practice of
the Court of Quarter Sessions in Appeals; 2d ed., 2 vols.
12mo, Lon., 1831.
12mo, Lon., 1831. New System of Criminal Procedure,
&c., 1852, 12mo; Amer. ed. by T. W. Waterman, N. York,
1852. In 1811, this useful writer published an edition of
Blackstone's Commentaries, with notes, in 4 vols. royal
8vo. He is the author of several legal compilations, &c.,
in addition to those above noticed. For Mr. Archbold's
invaluable labours the thanks of the profession, and the
gratitude of the public at large, are eminently due.
Archbold, John. Serm. on 1 Pet. i. 16, Lon., 1621.
Archdale, John. A new Description of the fertile
and pleasant Province of Carolina, Lon., 1707. This gen-
tleman was governor of Carolina, 1695-1701?
"A captain of a vessel from Madagascar, on his way to Great
Britain, anchored off Sullivan's Island, and made a present to the
governor of a bag of seed rice, which he had brought from the East.
agreed to make an experiment. The success equalled their expec
This rice the governor divided among some of his friends, who
tation, and from this small beginning arose the staple commodity
of Carolina.”
Archdall, Mervyn, 1723-1791, an "exemplary Pro-
testant divine and learned antiquary," was a native of
Dublin. He prepared himself, by forty years of zealous
labour, for the compilation of his Monasticon Hibernicum;
or, an History of the Abbeys, Priories, and other Religious
Houses in Ireland, Dublin, 1786.
"It contains many particulars which will gratify the antiquary's
curiosity. . . . It is the more valuable on account of its being com-
piled from authentic official records, the truth of which cannot be
called in question."-Lon. Monthly Review, 1786.
6.
The late learned Dr. Pocock. Bishop of Ossory and of Meath,
pointed out the method here adopted, procured many necessary
documents, and had the goodness to encourage the author with
solid favours. . . . We sincerely congratulate the sister kingdom
on such a compilation."-Lon. Gentleman's Magazine, 1786.
In 1789 our learned author pub. an edition of Lodge's
Peerage of Ireland, which he increased from four to seven
volumes.
"The cause of the extension of the latter work, however, is at
tributed to Mrs. Archdall's skill in deciphering the short-hand
notes of Mr. Lodge.”—Rose's Biog. Dict.
Let Mrs. Archdall's name be handed down from anti-
quary to antiquary to the end of time!
Archdekin, (called also Mac Gilla Cuddy.) Richard,
1619-1690? a Jesuit, was a native of Kilkenny. He pub.
several theological works, which enjoyed extensive popu-
larity. His Essay on Miracles was pub. (Louvanii) 1667.
The Theologica Triparta Universa reached the eleventh
edition in 1700. "At the time the eighth edition was un-
dertaken, there were 16,000 copies of this work disposed
of, and a great demand for more."
Archer, A. Serm. on Victory at Blenheim, 1704.
Archer, C. Observ. on the Effect of Oxygen, &c.,
Lon., 1798.
67
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ARM
Archer, C. P. Digest of Reports Common Law,
Ireland, Lon., Svo.
Sermon,
Archer, E. Sermon, Zech. vii. 4, 5, 1710.
1711. Lon.
Archer, Edmond. Charity Sermon on 2
9, 1712.
Cor. viii.
Archer, Jas., a Roman Catholic clergyman. 1. Ser-
mons for all the Sundays in the Year, Lon., 1788, 4 vols.
2. Sermons for the principal Festivals in the Year. Both
pub. incorporated, Lon., 1794, 5 vols.
Excellent Catholic sermons.”—LOWNDES.
It has been Archer's aim to satisfy reason, whilst he pleased,
charmed, and instructed her; to impress upon the mind just no
tions of the mysteries and truths of the gospel; and to show that
the ways of virtue are the ways of pleasantness, and her paths
the paths of peace. To almost every Protestant library, and to
many a Protestant toilet, these sermons have found their way."-
Charles Butler.
Archer, John. Personal Reign of Christ, Lon., 1643.
Archer, John, an English physician temp. Charles
II. Every Man his own Doctor, Lon., 1671. The same,
completed with an Herbal, 1673. Secrets Disclosed; or,
a Treatise of Consumptions, their various Causes and
Cures, Lon., 168, 1693. Beloe (Anecdotes, vol. i. 203)
gives an account of several inventions by Dr. Archer.
Archer, J. Statis. Survey of County of Dublin, Dubl.,
1803.
Archer, John. A Sermon, 1 Kings ii. 15, 1714.
Archer, Major, R.A., late Aide-de-Camp to Lord
Combermere. Tours in Upper India and Himalaya, Lon.,
1833, 2 vols. 8vo. Reviewed in Edin. Rev., lviii. 358.
Archer, Sir Simon, b. 1581, a zealous antiquary,
contributed to King's Vale Royal. Sir Wm. Dugdale,
who was greatly aided by Sir Simon in his literary outset,
used his patron's collections for Warwickshire when he
pub. his Antiquities of that county. See Dugdale's Cor-
respondence.
Archer, T. C. First Steps to Economic Botany,
Lon., r. 16mo. Popular Economic Botany, sq. Svo.
Archer, W. N. The Double-Armed Man, 1625.
Arcy, D’Azile. Prejudice and Physiognomy, 1817.
Arcy, Patrick D'. See D'AVERY.
Ardern, John, an eminent English surgeon of the
14th century. The MSS. of several of his works are in
the British Museum; only one has been printed, Fistula
in Ano, translated and pub. by John Read, in 1588.
..
His method of treatment was in accordance with that proposed
by Celsus and Paulus Egineta. IIe superseded the cruel practice
of his day, the cautery, as used by Albucasis. . . . He may be
looked upon as having been the earliest to introduce a rational
practice into England."
Freind and Eloy give an example of his rapacity for
fees in cases of operation for the fistula.
“Centum Marcas (a Nobili) vel XI. libras cum robis et feodis-et
centum solidos per annum ad terminum vitæ. After stipulating
with his patients in regard to the fees he was to receive, he took
security for the payment."-Rose's Biog. Dict.
Arderne, Jas., d. 1691, an English divine, was of
Christ Coll., Camb., and Brasenose Coll.. Oxf. Direc-
tions concerning the Matter and Style of Sermons, 1671;
and some other works. He
"Run with the humour of K. James II., and, therefore, did
suffer several indignities and affronts from the vulgar of and near
Chester.... By his will he bequeathed his books and chief part of
his estate to provide and maintain a public library in the cathe
dral church of Chester for the use of the city and clergy."Wood's
Athen. Ozon.
"Very facete and pleasant."-Wood's Athen, Ozon.
Argall, Richard, was author of The Song of Songs,
Lon., 1621; The Bride's Ornament, Lon., 1621; and some
other works. "I must let the reader know," says Anthony
Wood, "that in my searches I find one Rich. Argall to be
noted in the reign of K. James I. for an excellent divine
poct."
Arganston, J. The Mutations of the Seas, In., 1683,
Argus, Arabella. The Juvenile Spectator, Lon.,
1812, &c.
Argyle. See CAMPBELL, GEORGE JOHN DOUGLAS.
Arkwright, T. Essay upon Raising Ore, Tr. Soc.
Arts, 1791.
Arlington, Earl of. Letters to Sir Wm. Temple,
(2665-70,) and others, Lon., 1701.
These letters afford an insight into the secret and obscure
management of affairs during the above interesting period."-
LOWNDES.
Argall, Sir Samuel, deputy Governor of Virginia,
1617-19. An account of his voyage from Jamestown, be-
ginning June 19, 1610, in which, "missing Bermuda, he
put over towards Sagadahoc and Cape Cod," and his
Letter respecting his voyage to Virginia, 1613, will be
found in the collection of Purchas,
..
Armigix, T. Varicose Aneurism, Med. Obs. and
Ing., 1771.
Armin, or Armyn, Robert, was attached to the
company licensed by K. James I., 1603, under Fletcher
and Shakspeare. He was of note as an actor, and the
author of several works. Discourse of Eliz. Caldwell,
Lon., 1604. Nest of Ninnies, 160S. Italian Taylor and
his Boy, (from the Italian,) 1609. The Biog. Dramatica
gives him credit for The Valiant Welshman, pub. by A.
R., Lon., 1615. This was reprinted in 1663. A copy of
the first edition was sold at Sotheby's, in 1831, for £4 7s.
At the Gordonstoun sale, The Italian Taylor and his Boy
sold for £12 12s. Reprinted in fac-simile, 1811, price 5s.
ling from the Grub-street critics of his day :
In the preface to this tract he anticipates a rough hand-
"Every pen and inck-horne boy will throw up his cap at the
hornes of the Moone in Censure, although his wit hang there.”
Armstrong. History of the Minority, Lon., 1764.
Armstrong. Scottish Atlas, Edin., 1727, &c.
chee's Banquet of Jests, 1657; Jests, posthumous, 1660.
Armstrong, Arch. Archy's Dream, Lon., 1641. Ar-
Armstrong, Chas., M.D. Med. Essays, Lon., 1783-
1812.
Armstrong, F. C. 1. Two Midshipmen; a Novel,
Lon.. 3 vols. p. Svo. 2. War Hawk, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Armstrong, Fras., M.D. Med. Essays, &c., 1783–85.
Armstrong, Geo., M.D. An Essay on the Diseases
most fatal to Infants, &c., Lon. 1767. This popular work
was repub. in 1771, again in 1788; and in 1808 another
edition, enlarged, was pub. by A. P. Buchan, M.D.
That part of medicine which regards the diseases of infants has
hitherto lain uncultivated. I do not pretend to account for this
strange neglect; nor is it to my purpose.”—Preface to first edition.
6
A load of medicines is in all cases to be condemned, but par-
ticularly where infants are the patients. The little essay before
Many of the observations are plain and useful; and the medicines
us is chiefly to be commended for its simplicity in this respect.
few. efficacious, and easy to be administered."-Month. Keview, 1767.
Armstrong, James. Practical Sermons, Lon., 1605.
Armstrong, John. The Soul's Work and Danger,
Armstrong, John, M.D., 1709?-1779, a celebrated
physician and poet, was the son of a clergyman, and born
in the parish of Castleton, in Roxburghshire. He graduated
at the University of Edinburgh, receiving his degree of
M.D. Feb. 4th, 1732. His first poem, Winter, although
written in 1725, was not published until 1770, thirty-five
years after his earliest production. A Dialogue between
Hygeia, Mercury, and Pluto. The work which established
his fame was The Art of Preserving Health, Lon., 1744.
Benevolence, a poetical Epistle to Eumenes, appeared seven
years later, and in 1753 he gave to the world, Taste, an
port, 1772.
Ardley, Geo. Autumn Leaves; a Poem, Lon., 1803.
Argall, John, d. 1606, of Christ Church, Oxf., be-
came parson of a market-town in Suffolk, called
worth. 1. De Vera poenitentia, Lon., 1604. 2. Intro-
ductio ad artem Dialecticam, Lon., 1605.
Such benefactors are "worthy of double honour."
Arderon, Wm., a contributor of many papers on Epistle to a young Critic. The Art of Preserving Health
Natural Philosophy to Phil. Trans., 1744-63.
has been warmly commended by many eminent author-
Ardesoif, J. P. A work upon Gunnery, &c., Gos-ities. Warton praises it for classical correctness; Dr. Beat-
tie predicted that it would "make him known and esteemed
by posterity;" but adds, " And I presume he will be more
esteemed if all his other works perish with him.”
Hales-effects of distemper on a human body, was reserved for Dr. Arm
“To describe so difficult a thing, gracefully and poetically, as the
strong, who accordingly hath executed it at the end of his third
book of his Art of Preserving Health, where he hath given us that
pathetick account of the sweating sickness. There is a classical
correctness and closeness of style in this poem, that are truly ad-
poetical images."-Dr. Warton's Reflections on Didactic Foetry.
mirable, and the subject is raised and adorned by numberless
Med. Essays, 1773, 4to.
A Short Ramble through France and Italy in 1771;
•
1704.
Armstrong, John, Priest-vicar of Exeter Cathedral,
and Rect. of St. Paul's, Exeter. Sermons on the Festivals,
Oxf., 1845.
Churchill was so enraged at Armstrong's styling him a
"bouncing mimic," in his Epistle to John Wilkes, that he
attacked him most savagely in his poem of The Journey.
Armstrong was of a very querulous temper; and his
friend Thomson, the author of The Seasons, remarks,
"The doctor does not decrease in spleen; but there is a certain
kind of spleen that is both humane and agreeable, like Jacques s in
¡the play."
68
ARM
ARN
Armstrong, John, M.D., 1784-1829, took the degree student. In this connexion, we notice the excellent Com-
of doctor of medicine of the University of Edinburgh in prehensive Commentary, in six volumes, edited by Rev.
June, 1808. 1. Facts and Observations relative to Puerpe-Dr. Jenks, of Boston, U. States of America. Published by
ral Fever, Lon., 1814. 2. Practical Illustrations of Typhus J. B. Lippincott & Co. We consider it the best Family
and other Febrile Diseases, 1816. 3. Practical Illustra- Commentary in the language, and admirably adapted to
tions of the Scarlet Fever, &c., 1818. The second-named the wants of Bible-class and Sunday-school teachers.
work went through three large editions in three successive
years, and conferred great celebrity upon its author. The
last named publication reached its second edition before
the expiration of the year, (1818.)
Arnall, Wm. A zealous supporter of the administra-
tion of Sir Robt. Walpole, editor of the True Briton, (for
which service he is said to have been compensated by £400
per annum,) and author of some political tracts, &c., &c.
Arnaud, Jasper. An alarm to all persons touching
their health, Lon., 1740.
"Armstrong was a man of genius: but his attempted contempt
of learning much disfigures his orations. He never failed to em-
brace any opportunity to hold up to ridicule the learning of schools
and colleges, and to treat with neglect the claims of learned prac
titioners."-Rose's Biog. Diet.
musical composer, is of interest to literary men from his
Arne, Thos. Augustine, 1710-1778, a celebrated
Contributed to Edin. Med. and Surg. Jour.; Med. Intel.; being the son of Thomas Arne, the upholsterer, the person
and Trans. of the Associated Apothecaries of England and supposed to have been intended by Addison in his charac-
Wales. Published Ann. Rep. of the Fever Hospital alter-ter of the Politician, in Nos. 155 and 160 of The Tatler.
nately with Dr. Cleverley. His Lectures appeared in The In 1738 Arne produced music for Milton's masque of Corus.
"In this masque he introduced a light. airy, original, and pleas-
Lancet, 1825; and again, after his death, i. a separate
form, edited by one of his pupils. Lectures on the Morbid ing melody, wholly different from Purcell and Handel, whom all
English composers had hitherto pillaged or imitated. Indeed, the
Anatomy, Nature, and Treatment of Acute and Chronic melody of Arne at this time, and of his Vauxhall songs afterwards,
Diseases, by the late John Armstrong, M.D.; edited by forms an era in English music; it was so easy, natural. and agree
Joseph Rix, Svo, Lon., 1834. See Mem. of the Life and able to the whole kingdom, that it had an effect upon our national
Medical Opinions of J. Armstrong, M.D., and by Francis taste."—DR. BURNEY.
Boot, M.D., 2 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1834.
The well-known song of "Rule Britannia" was first in-
troduced in Mallet's masque of Alfred, set by Arne in 1740.
"The general melody of our countryman, if analyzed, would
perhaps appear to be neither Italian nor English, but an agreeable
mixture of Italian, English, and Scots.... From the death of
Purcell to that of Arne-a period of more than fourscore years-
who was equally admired by the nation at large."-DR. BURNEY.
no candidate for musical fame among our countrymen had appeared,
Arnett, J. A. An Inquiry into the Nature and Form
of the Books of the Ancients; with a History of the Art
of Bookbinding, Lon., 1837.
Armstrong, John. Hist. of the Is. of Minorca, 1752.
Armstrong, John, Vicar of Tidenham. The Pastor
in his Closet, or, A Help to the Devotions of the Clergy,
Oxf., 1847.
Armstrong, Col. John. History of the Navigation
of the Port of King's Lyn and of Cambridge, &c., Lon. 1725.
"In 1766, the old title, prefaces, and contents, were cancelled,
and new ones printed, and after the table of contents is an addi- |
tion of an Abstract, consisting of two pages.”—LOWNDES.
Armstrong, John, 1771-1797, pub. Juvenile Poems,
&c., Lon., 1789. Under the fictitious name of Albert, he
pub. 1. Confidential Letters from the Sorrows of Werter,
Lon., 1790. 2. Sonnets from Shakspeare, Lon.. 1791.
Armstrong, John, General in the U. S. army, 1758-
1843, a native of Carlisle, Penna. Newburg Addresses.
Treatise upon Gardening. Treatise upon Agriculture.
Review of Genl. Wilkinson's Memoirs. War of 1812,
2 vols. Biographical Notice. Gen. A. had partially pre-
pared a History of the American Revolution.
|
Armstrong, John, D.D., late Lord-Bishop of Grahams-
town, d. 1856. 1. Parochial Sermons; 2d ed., Lon., 1857,
fp. Svo. 2. Pastor in his Closet; 2d ed., 1857. fp. Svo,
3. Sermons on the Festivals, 1857. 4. Essays on Church
Penitentiaries, 1858. 5. Tracts for the Christian Seasons;
1st and 2d Series, 8 vols. 6. Sermons for the Christian
Seasons, 4 vols. 7. Tracts for Parochial Use, 7 vols. 8.
National Miscellany, 4 vols. Svo. See Life by Rev. T.
T. Carter, M.A., Rector of Clewer; with an Introduction
by Samuel, Lord-Bishop of Oxford, fp. Svo, 1857.
Armstrong, Leslie. The Anglo-Saxons, Lon., 1806.
Armstrong, M.J. Geographical Works, Lon., 1776-91.
Armstrong, Macartney, and Ogle. Reports of
Cases Civ. and Crim., 2 B. C. P., &c., Dublin, 1843.
Armstrong, R. A. Gaelic Dictionary, Lon., 1825.
Armstrong, Robt. El. of the Lat. Tongue, Lon., 1798.
Armstrong, Simon, M.D. Con. to Annals of Med.,
vi. 370, 1801.
Armstrong, Wm. Work on Military Tactics, Lon.,
1808.
Armstrong, Wm. Theolog. Treatises, 1796-1812.
Arnald, Richard, 1696?-1756, a Fellow of Emma-
nuel College, Camb., pub. a number of works, chiefly theo-
logical, 1726-1752. He is best known as the author of
the Commentary on the Apocryphal Writings, which
generally accompanies the Commentaries of Patrick,
Lowth, and Whitby.
"A judicious and valuable work."-LOWNDES.
"This valuable commentary is deservedly held in high estima-
tion."-T. H. HORNE.
"The five volumes by Patrick. Lowth, and Arnald contain the
best commentary on the Old Testament and the Apocrypha which
we have in the English language.”—BISHOP WATSON.
In the 2d edition, Arnald's Commentary was enriched
by the notes of Jeremiah Markland, for an account of
by the notes of Jeremiah Markland, for an account
which, and of the literary character of Arnald, see Nichols's
Literary Anecdotes.
"The Commentary of Arnald, which was published at first in
separate parts, is the only English work on the subject. It is gene
rally judicious, and affords considerable assistance in understand
ing these books.”—Orme.
The Commentaries of Patrick, Lowth, Whitby, Low-
man, and Arnald have been published together in four
royal ve volumes, and form a valuable manual for the
Arnold, A. C. L. History of Free Masonry, 1854.
Arnold, C. Poetical Essays: Distress, 1751. The
Mirror, 1755. Bookbinders' School of Design, 4to.
Arnold, C. H. Hist. of N. and S. America, &c., 1782.
Arnold, Edmund. Sermons, 1740-45.
Arnold, Edwin, M.A. 1. Poems, Narrative and
Lyrical, Lon., 12mo. 2. Griselda, a Tragedy; and other
Poems, 1856, fp. Svo. .3. The Wreck of the Northern Belle,
1857. Svo.
Arnold, Fred., Curate of St. Mary de Crypt, Glou-
cester. Sermons, Lon., 1840.
Arnold, John. Works upon Chronometers, Lon.,
1780–82.
In
Arnold, Josiah Lynden, 1768-1796, of Providence.
Rhode Island, was the author of some poetical essays.
Arnold, Matthew, a son of Dr. Thomas Arnold,
of Rugby, b. Dec. 24, 1822, at Satcham, near Staines,
Middlesex, England, educated at Winchester, Rugby, and
Oxford, and elected a Fellow of Oriel College in 1845.
1847 he became private secretary to Lord Lansdowne,
and he retained that position until his marriage in 7851,
when he was appointed to the post which he now occu-
pies,-Lay Inspector of Schools under the Committee of
the Council of Education. He was elected Prof. of Poetry
in Univ. of Oxford, 1857. 1. The Strayed Reveller, and
other Poems, by A., Lon., 1848. Commended in the Lon
don Athenæum, 1848, 982. 2. Empedocles on Etna, and
other Poems, 1853. 3. Poems, June, 1854. 4. Poems;
2d Series, Dec. 1854, Bost., 1856; 1st Series, 3d ed., 1857.
"For combined culture and fine natural feeling in the matter of
versification, Mr. Arnold has no living superior. Though some-
times slovenly in the versification of his smaller poenis, when ho
is put upon his mettle by a particular affection for his subject, he
manages the most irregular and difficult metres with admirable
skill and feeling."-Edin. Rev., Oct. 1856, q. v.
4. Merope; a Tragedy, fp. Svo. See Lon. Athen, No.
1575, Jan. 2, 1858.
"His narrative poems are better than his lyric. In more than
one of the latter he is aimed at a simplicity which, on proof,
turns out to be puerility."--Lam. Athen.. 1854, 305.
Arnold, R. Writing, Arithmetic, and Mathematics,
1792.
chronicler, compiler of a work, the first edition of which
Arnold, or Arnolde, Richard, an ancient English
is very rare: The Names of the Balyfs, Custos, Mayres,
and Sherefs of ye Cite of London from the Tyme of Kynge
Richard the first, &c., (1502?) This book is commonly
called Arnold's Chronicle. The second edition, published
circa 1521, is also of rare occurrence; a copy sold at the
sale of George Mason's library, in 1798, for £15 15s. 6d. The
basis of the Chronicle is supposed to be the MS. in the
town-clerk's office, (London,) known as the Liber de Anti-
quis Legibus. An edition was published in 1811, (London,)
with introductory matter entitled, The Customs of London,
otherwise called Arnold's Chronicle. See this preface, by
69
ARN
ARN
that eminent antiquary, Francis Douce, for a discussion as
to the origin of the celebrated poem, The Not-Brown (Nut-
Brown) Mayde, (which appeared first in Arnold's Chroni-
cle.) modernized by Prior into the ballad of Henry and
Emma.
This is perhaps the most heterogeneous and multifarious mis-
cellany that ever existed. The collector sets out with a catalogue
of the mayors and sheriffs, the customs and charter of the city of
London. Soon afterwards we have receipts to pickle sturgeon, to
make vinegar, ink, and gunpowder; how to raise parsley in an
bour; the arts of brewery and soap-making; an estimate of the
livings in London; an account of the last visitation of Saint Mag
nus's Church; the weight of Essex cheese; and a letter to Cardinal
Wolsey. The Not-Brown Mayde is introduced between an estimate
of some subsidies paid into the exchequer, and directions for buy
lug goods in Flanders."- Warton's History of English Poetry.
-
At the particular request of Geo. III., he superintended
the pub. of a magnificent edition of all the works of Han-
del, in score, of which he completed 36 folio volumes.
Arnold, Samuel J., son of the above, pub. a num-
ber of dramatic pieces. We find 12 credited to him in the
Biog. Dram.: 1. Auld Robin Gray, 1794. 2. Who Pays
the Reckoning? 1795. 3. Shipwreck, 1796. 4. Irish Le-
gacy, 1797. 5. Veteran Tar, 1801. 6. Foul Deeds will
Rise, 1804. 7. Prior Claim, (in conj. with Mr. Pye,) 1805.
8. Up all Night, 1809, N. P. 9. Britain's Jubilee, 1809,
N. P. 10. Man and Wife, 1809. 11. The Maniac, 1810,
X. P. 12. Plots, 1810, N. P. He died Aug. 16, 1582. As
manager of a theatre in London, he produced Von Weber's
opera of Der Freischutz, in 1824.
Arnold, Stuart A. Merchant's and Seaman's Manuals,
Lon., 1778.
Arnold, T. J. Reports of Cases C. Pleas, &c., Lon.,
1840; do. of Controverted Elections before Com. of II.
Commons, &c.
These reports are in continuation of those of Messrs. Baron
and Austin, Falconer and Fitzherbert, Knapp and Ombler, Perry
and Knapp, and Cockburn and Rowe."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.
··
For a further description of this work, see Herbert's
Ames's Typ. Antiq., the Censura Literaria, and especially
the table of contents of this curious olla podrida in Oldys's
British Librarian, p. 22.
-Arnolde was a citizen of London, who, being inflamed with
the fervente love of good learninge, travailed very studiously
therein, and principally in observing matters worthy to be remem-
bered of the posteritye; he noted the charters, liberties. lawes,
constitucions, and customes of the citie of London.”—STOWE.
Arnolde of London wrote certayne collections touching histo
rical matters."-HOLINSHED.
"His correspondence is the best record of his life and affords
the most vivid representation of his character. It presents us with
the progressive development of his mind and views till the one
reaches the vigour and the other the comprehensiveness for which
at length they became distinguished. He combined the intellectual
and the moral in a degree and with a harmony rarely found.
The most strongly-marked feature of his intellect was the strength
and clearness of his conceptions. It seemed the possession of an
inward light so intense that it penetrated on the instant every
subject laid before him, and enabled him to grasp it with the
vividness of sense and the force of reality. Hence, what was said
of his religious impressions may be used to characterize his intel-
lectual operations: he knew what others only believed; he saw
what others only talked about.' Hence also, perhaps, arose in a great
measure the vehemence with which he opposed views and notions
contrary to his own.”—Knight's Eng. Cyc., Biog., vol. i.
He is supposed to have died circa 1521.
Arnold, Samuel, 1740-1802, a celebrated musical
composer, son of Baron Arnold. His published works are
very considerable in number, viz:
* 4 oratorios, 8 odes, 3 serenatas. 47 operas, 3 burlettas, besides
overtures, concertos, and many smaller pieces.”—WATT.
See Arnold's Life and Correspondence by Stanley; also
His most famous oratorio was that of the Prodigal Son. Tom Brown's School-Days at Rugby, Lon. and Bost., 1857,
12mo.
"His oratorios are not unworthy of the disciple of so great a
master as Handel.”—Rees's Cyclopedia.
Manual of the Law, with regard to Public Meetings and
Political Societies, 12mo, Lon., 1833.
Arnold, Thomas. Sermon on Dan. vi. 10, 1660.
Arnold, Thomas, M.D., d. 1816, of Leicester, pub. n
number of professional works. Edin. and Lon., 1766-1809.
Observations on the Nature, Kinds, Causes, and Prevention
of Insanity, Lon., 1800, 2 vols.
"A very entertaining work. containing the opinions both of
ancients and moderns upon this subject, illustrated by a variety
of curious facts."-LOWNDES.
ness did not consist in the pre-eminence of any single quality, but
in several remarkable powers, thoroughly leavened and pervaded
by an ever-increasing moral nobleness."-Lon. Quarterly Rev.,
lxxiv. 507.
The Edinburgh Review, comparing Arnold to Milton,
remarks:
“He will strike those who study him more closely as a complete
chtracter-complete in its union of moral and intellectual gifts,
and in the steady growth and development of both: for his great-
There is the same purity and directness about them both the
same predominance of the graver, not to say, sterner, elements;
the same confidence, vehemence, and elevation.
lived in their great Task-Master's eye' as to verify Bacon's obse
They both sc
•
vation. in his Essay on Atheism, made themselves of kin to God
in spirit, and raised their nature by means of a higher nature than
their own.'
777
· As a writer, Dr. Arnold was remarkable for vigorous thought,
cydides, and his (unfinished) History of Rome, are works which
clearness of expression, and purity of style. His edition of Thu-
will always hold a high place in our literature."-Lon. Gent. Mag.,
August, 1852.
w
•
Arnold, Thos. Kerchever, d. March 9, 1853, "has
acquired a very wide-spread reputation as the author and
editor of a whole library of books adapted for educational
purposes." His publications consist principally of school
manuals of the Latin, Greek, French, and German lan-
guages. See London Catalogue for a list of 45 different
works.
Arnold, W. D., son of Dr. Thomas and brother of
Oak-
Matthew Arnold, an officer in the British army.
field, or Fellowship in the East; a Novel, p. Svo, 2 vols.
who is determined to act up to Christian principles in a British
regiment stationed in India."
"This work is intended to represent the trials of a young officer
Arnot, C. A. Letter respecting Bank of Eng., 1818.
Arnot, Hugo, pub. a number of works, Edin. and
Lon.. 1777-85. Collection and abridgment of celebrated
Trials in Scotland, from 1536 to 1784, with Historical and
Critical Remarks, Edin., 1785. History of Edinburgh,
from the carliest accounts to the present time. Edin., 1789.
A useful and entertaining work."
6.
Arnot, Hugo. Address to the British Nation, 1812.
Letters to the County of Fife Freeholders, 1812.
Arnot, J., Surgeon. Profess. Works, Edin., 1800-16.
Arnot, Thos., Surgeon. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess. 1736.
Arnot, W. Harmony of Law and Gospel, 1786.
Arnot, W. Race for Riches, Glasgow, 1851; repub.
Phila., 1852, 18mo.
Arnott, Neil, M.D., b. 1788, at Dysart, near Mont-
rose, Scotland. He and Lord Byron were fellow-pupils
at the Grammar-School of Aberdeen in 1797. In 1801 he
gained the first prize of his class and entered the Uni-
versity; took the degree of M.A. in 1806, and pursued his
professional studies under Sir Everhard Home, Surgeon of
St. George's Hospital, London. 1. Elements of Physics;
or, Natural Philosophy, General and Medical, Explained
in Plain or Non-Technical Language, 1827.
called for within six years, and it was translated into all European
"Of this work. five editions. amounting to 10,000 copies, were
languages except Italian. The author published originally the
first half-volume, and he had become so occupied professionally
that the chapters on Light and Heat were ready only for the third
edition. The two remaining chapters, on Electricity and Astro
nomy, had to wait until still further leisure."
in course of preparation, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Essay on Warm-
A new and enlarged edition of this work is now (1857)
and Ventilating, 1838. 3. Smokeless Fireplace, Svo,
The first edition was pub. 1782-86.
Arnold, Thomas, D.D., 1795-1842, head master of
Rugby School, from 1827 till his death, and successor of
Dr. Nares (in 1841) as Regius Professor of Modern History
in the University of Oxford, was one of the brightest orna-
ments of his age. He was educated at Winchester School,
and from thence went, in 1811, to Corpus Christi College,
Oxf., where he took a first class in Classics, in Easter term,
1814. In the next year he gained the prize for an English
Essay, and in 1817, being then a Fellow of Oriel College,
be gained the Latin Essay. The principal works of Dr.
Arnold are his History of Rome, (unfinished;) The Latering and Ventilating, 1838.
1855.
Roman Commonwealth; Lectures on Modern History; and
Sermons, in 3 volumes. He published an edition of Thu-Average, Lon., 1848, 2 vols. roy. 8vo.; edited with addits.
Arnould, Joseph. Law of Marine Insurance and
cydides, which has been highly commended, as an evidence by J. C. Perkins, Boston, 1850, 2 vols. roy. Svo.
of ripe scholarship and critical acumen. As a teacher, he The student will here find, within a convenient compass, the
laboured to instil into the minds of his scholars those re-learning of the Continental jurist; the just and politic judgments
ligious principlez. founded upon a just sense of responsi-of the first intellects of England, in Westminster Hall, and the
bility to God and to society, which so eminently shone forth clear and satisfactory determinations of the American commercial
in his own "walk and conversation."
tribunal and judges. at once eminently scientific and practical."-
American Law Journal.
Arnulph. See ERNULPH.
Aruway, John, of St. Edmund's Hall, Oxf. zealous
70
ART
2
ARV
sapporter of K. Charles I. IIe was the author of The Tablet, | Nights with the Washingtonians, 18mo. 13. Advice to
or Moderation of Chas. I., Martyr, Hague, 1850. Alarum Young Men, 18mo. 14. Advice to Young Ladies, 18mo.
to the Subjects of England. He died in Virginia.
15. Maiden, Wife, and Mother, 3 vols. 18mo. 16. Tales
"He had quitted a large fortune to serve his Prince, and there of Married Life, 3 vols. 18mo. 17. Stories of Domestic
fore was plundered by the Rebels, and lost his Books and Papers, Life, 3 vols. 18mo. 18. Tales from Real Life, 3 vols.
which he could never recover."- Wood's Athen. Osim.
18mo. 19. Tired of Housekeeping, 18mo. 20. True
Riches; or, Wealth without Wings, 12mo. 21. The Hand
but not the Heart, 12mo.
Ozım.
Arrowsmith. The Reformation. A Comedy.
Arrowsmith, Aaron, 1750-1823, settled in London,
1770. 1. Large Map of the World on Mercator's Projec-
tion, 1790. 2. Map of the World, with a Companion of
Explanatory Letter-Press, 1794. 3. Map of the Northern
3. Map of the Northern
Regions of America. 4. Map of Scotland, 1807. 5. Me-
moir relative to the Construction of the Map of Scotland,
1809. He published upwards of 130 maps. 6. His Geo-
metrical Projection of Maps was pub. 1825, after his death.
"Arrowsmith's maps obtained a high reputation throughout
Eurors for their distinctness, the result of good engraving and
arrangement. It has been the fashion of late to undervalue his
acquirements as a geographer; but, though he is inferior to Berg-
hans and some other map-makers of the present day, he was supe-
rior to any one in Europe at the time he commenced his career.".
Eng. Cyc., vol. i.
The School Atlases and Skeleton Maps for Eton Col-
lege, and the Manuals of Geography, Ancient and Modern,
by Aaron Arrowsmith, are the works of his son.
Arrowsmith, Ed. Sundry serm., pub. Lon., 1724-45.
Arrowsmith, John, 1602–1659, an eminent Puritan
divine, educated at St. John's College and Catherine Hall,
Cambridge, pub. several works which were highly esteemed.
Armilla Catechetica, or a Chain of Principles wherein the Chief
Heads of the Christian Religion are Asserted and Improved. Lon.,
1659. "This and his Tractica Sacra are valuable treatises."-
BICKERSTETH.
Tractica Sacra, sive de Milite Spirituali pugnate, vin-
cente, et triumphante Dissertatio, Cantab., 1647.
"This work contains, along with a great deal of controversy,
Borne ingenious remarks on those passages of Scripture which re-
late to the spiritual warfare. The author was a man of learning
and genius. and maintained a highly respectable character during
the difficult times in which he lived. He wrote a work on part of
the Gospel of John. and some other things, which rank high among
the puritanical writings."-Orme.
His sweet and engaging disposition, Dr. Salter remarks,
appears through all the sourness and severity of his opi-
nions in his Tractica Sacra.
"A book written in a clear style. and with a lively fancy: in
which he displayed at once much weakness and stiffness. but withal
great reading." A contemporary describes him as holy and
learned. diligent, zealous, and sincere, doing all that could be done
with a weak and sickly body."
·
Dr. Whichcote also speaks of him with high respect, and
even the querulous antiquary, Cole, (MS. Athen. Cantab.
in British Museum,) does not scruple to commend Dr.
Arrowsmith.
1732.
Arrowsmith, J. P. Art of instructing the Infant
Deaf and Dumb.
"In this interesting little volume, the plan of the celebrated
Abbé de l'Epée is reprinted.”—LOWNDES.
Arrowsmith, R. G. Doubts upon the reasoning of
Dr. Paley relative to, and observations upon, the Criminal
Law, Lon., 1811.
Arscott, Alex. Upon the Christian Religion. Lon.,
Arthington, Henry. Theolog. Works, Lon., 1592-
91. See Weever's Funeral Monuments.
Arthur, Archibald, 1744-1797, was Professor of
Moral Philosophy in the University of Glasgow. Dis-
courses on Theolog. and Literary Subjects, &c., (pub. by
Prof. Wm. Richardson,) 1803.-See Edin. Review, vol. iv.
168.
Arthur, Ed. Sermons on various subjects, 1783.
Arthur, Jas., d. 1670, at Lisbon, pub. a Commentary
in Latin, on the works of St. Thomas Aquinas, two vols.
folio.
"Mr. Arthur writes very unexceptionable tales, illustrative of
American and domestic life and adapted to the capacities of the
young and uneducated classes. All bis stories inculcate a moral;
and some of them are pleasing specimens of invention, and very
signed"-N. Y. Literary World.
true reflections of manners in the sphere for which they are de
22. The Good Time Coming, Phila., 1855, 12mo.
"Mr. Arthur's writings, though not of a very high order, have
yet generally had a certain genial character and domestic tone
which have given them a wide circulation. The new volume be-
fore us, however, is calculated to be very mischievous. Th }
author verges on Spiritualism, Swedenborgianism, and Reicher-
bachism, if not actually engulfed."-N.Y. Criterium.
In connection with W. H. Carpenter, a series of his-
tories of the several States of the Union, prepared with
libraries. 23. Steps towards Heaven, N.Y., 1858, 12mo.
care, and well adapted to district, school, and other
Upwards of 20 novels in cheap form.
"In the princely mansions of the Atlantic merchants and in the
rude log cabins of the backwoodsman the name of Arthur is
equally known and cherished as the friend of virtue."-Graham's
Mag.
"The most popular of all our American writers on domestic
subjects."-Godey's Lady's Book.
A large number of Mr. Arthur's works have been re-
published in London.
Artis, Edmund Tyrrell. Antediluvian Phytology,
illustrated by the Fossil Remains of Plants peculiar to
Coal Formations. Lon., 1825, r. 4to, plates. They have
since been incorporated in Mantell's Pictorial Atlas, 1850.
Arthy, Elliott. Seamen's Medical Advocate, Lon.,
179S.
Mount Sinai, and the Holy Land, with maps, and 21
Arundale, F. Picturesque Tour through Jerusalem,
plates. Lon., 1837.
Arundel, Countess of, Anne, d. 1630, married
Philip, Earl of Arundel, who died in the Tower, Nov.,
1595. Mr. Lodge has rescued from oblivion an interest-
ing copy of verses by her, produced, he thinks, by the
-
Melancholy exit of her lord. which abound with the imperfect
beauties, as well as with the common errors, of a strong, but un-
taught, poetical fancy."-Illus. of Brit. History, vol. iii., p. 359:
Brydges's Mem., p. 173; Park's Walpole's R. & N. Authors.
Arundel, Countess of, Mary, married ârst to
Robert Ratcliffe, Earl of Sussex, and afterwards to Henry
Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel. She translated frora English
into Latin, Sententias et præclera Facta Alexandri Severi,
Imperatoris. Extant in MS. in the King's Library. De
stirte et Familiâ Alexandri Severi, et de Signis quæ ei
portendebant Imperium.
From Greek into Latin, Selectas Septentias septem Sa-
pientum Græcorum. Similitudines er. Platonis, Aristo-
telis, Senecæ, et aliorum Philosophorum Libris collectas.
Dedicated to her father.
"Learning had now taken a considerable flight since the days
of Edward the Fourth. Sir Thomas More mentions it as very ex-
traordinary that Jane Shore could read and write.”—Parh's Wul-
pole's R. & N. Authors.
Arundel and Surrey, Countess of, Althea
Talbot. Nature embowelied; her choicest secrets di-
gested into receipts, whereanto are annexed many rare
and hitherto unimparted iuventions, Lon., 1665, with por-
trait by Hollar.
with "five little Meditations in verse" in A Collection of
Arundel of Wardour, Lord Henry, is credited
Eighty-six loyal Poems, printed in 1685. These Medita-
tions are said to have been written whilst his lordship was
a prisoner in the Tower. (Imprisoned for the Popish
Plot.)
"It is said that he had ten volumes more in preparation on the
ame subject."-Rose's Biog. Dict.
Arthur, M. Exposition, Critical, Doctrinal, and Prac-
tical, of the Assembly's Shorter Catechism, vol. i. 1789.
Arthur, T. S., of Philadelphia, born in 1809, near
Newburgh, Orange county, New York, is a voluminous
and highly popular writer.
We subjoin a list of a portion of his works. 1. Sketches
of Life and Character, Svo, pp. 420. 2. Lights and Sha-
dows of Real Life, Svo, pp. 500. 3. Leaves from the Book
of Human Life, 12mo. 4. Golden Grains from Life's
Harvest-Field, 12mo. 5. The Loftons and the Pinker- Arvine, Kazlitt. Cyclopædia of Anecdotes of Lite-
tons, 12mo. 6. Heart-Histories and Life-Pictures. 7.rature and Fine Arts. Containing a copious and choice
Tales for Rich and Poor, 6 vols. 18mo. 8.
8. Library for selection of anecdotes of the various forms of literature,
the Housebold, 12 vols. 18mo. 9. Arthur's Juvenile of the arts of architecture, engravings, music, poetry,
Library, 12 vols. 16mc. 10. Cottage Library, 6 vols. painting and sculpture, and of the most celebrated literary
18mo. 11. Ten Nights in a Bar-Room, 12mo. 12. Six characters and artists of different countries and ages, &c.
Arundell, F. V. J. A Visit to the Seven Churches
in Asia, &c., Lon., 1828. Discoveries in Asia Minor, &c.,
Lon., 1834. This latter work is illustrated by references
to the preceding.
•
· As far as he has been able to explore the land, Mr. Arundell's
inquiries and discoveries are well deserving of attention."—Lite-
rary Gazette.
Arundell, J. Sermon on death of Rev. E. Williams,
1813.
71
ARW
ASC
|
|
In respect to it, all other pleasures, in very deed, be but
trifles and troubles unto me!"-Ascham's Schoolmaster.
Ascham dwells with great pleasure upon this interview in
an epistle to his friend Sturmius. This learned young
lady promised to write him a letter in Greek upon condi-
tion of his sending her one first from the emperor's court.
In a letter to Lady Jane, he assures her that, among all
the agreeable varieties which he had met with in his tra-
vels abroad, nothing had occurred to raise his admirati,n
like that incident in the preceding summer, when he found
her, a young maiden, by birth so noble, in the absence of
her tutor, and in the sumptuous house of her most noble
father, at a time, too, when all the rest of the family,
both male and female, were regaling themselves with the
pleasures of the chase-"I found," continues he, "O Ju-
piter and all ye gods! I found, I say, the divine virgin
Ascham, Roger, 1515?-1568, was born at Kirby- diligently studying the divine Phædo in the original
Wiske, a village near Northallerton, in Yorkshire. In Greek. H
In Greek. Happier certainly in this respect than in being
1530, he entered St. John's Coll., Cambridge, where he descended, both on the father and mother's side, from
displayed great aptness in acquiring the Greek and Latin kings and queens." On the accession of Queen Mary, ho
languages. Dr. Metcalf, the master, he informs us, was was appointed Latin secretary to her Majesty, the same
"a man meanly learned himself, but not meanly affec-post which he held formerly under Edward VI., and, sub-
tioned to set forward learning in others, and I lacked not sequently, under Elizabeth. No better proof is needed of
his favour to further me in learning." In the 18th year his facility in Latin composition. Of this we have suffi-
of his age he was chosen Fellow of his college. In 1544 cient evidence in the fact that in three days he wrote
he succeeded Sir John Cheke as public orator of the Uni- forty-seven despatches to foreign personages of the highest
versity of Cambridge, and was made by King Edward VI. rank, on the subject of electing Cardinal Pole to the
his secretary for the Latin tongue. In the controversy | papal chair. In 1554, he resigned his Fellowship, and
concerning the right pronunciation of the Greek language, married Miss Margaret Howe, a young lady of good
Ascham opposed the method introduced by Sir Thomas family.
Smith and Sir John Cheke, but afterwards espoused their His last illness has been ascribed to too close applica-
opinion and practice. "It is probable that it is in part tion to the composition of a Latin poem, which he designed
owing to the ingenuity with which he defended it, (see his for the Queen on the New-Year's day of 1569.
letter to Hubertus Languetus,) that this mode of pronun-pired on the 30th December, 1568, "universally lamented.”
ciation was generally adopted, and has since prevailed in Queen Elizabeth was one of the loudest mourners, and
the schools of England." In 1548, the Princess Elizabeth declared that she would "rather have lost ten thousand
called Ascham from his college to direct her studies. He pounds than her tutor Ascham." He was interred in St.
instructed his pupil in the learned languages with great Sepulchre's Church; and his funeral sermon was preached
diligence and success for two years, during which time he by Dr. Alex. Nowel, Dean of St. Paul's. Buchanan drew
read with her the greater part of Cicero and Livy, the se- a character of his friend in the following epigram:
lect orations of Socrates, the plays of Sophocles, and the
"Aschamum extinctum patriæ Græcaque
Greek Testament.
Et Latitiæ vera cum pretate dolent.
Principibus vixit carūs, jucundus amicis,
Re modica; in mores dicere fama nequit."
|
He ex-
|
With numerous illustrations. 725 pp. octavo. Boston, 1854.
Cyclopædia of Moral and Religious Anecdotes, of which
several edits. have been pub. in Lon., Svo, and N. Y., Svo.
Arwarker, E. Theolog. and other works, Lon..
1686-1708.
Ascham, or Askam, Anthony, a physician and
ecclesiastic, was the author of A lytel Treatyse of Astro-
nomy, Lon., 1552, which ran through many editions.
"It is a very poorly-written tract, and scarcely deserves a notice
in the real history of English science."
A Little Herbal of the Properties of Herbes, Lon., 1550.
Ascham, Anthony, murdered 1650, at Madrid, by
six English Royalists, was the author of a work entitled
Of the Confusion and Revolutions of Government, &c.,
Lon., 1648. Bishop Sanderson wrote a censure of this
work.
In 1550, he travelled for three years on the Continent,
as secretary to Sir Richard Morysine, who was appointed
ambassador to the Emperor Charles V. Who that has
ever perused it can forget his deeply-interesting descrip-
tion of his visit, before his departure, to Lady Jane Grey?
The place at which she then resided was her father's seat
at Broadgate, in Leicestershire. Ascham found that the
hall was deserted: the family were engaged in hunting in
the park, and he discovered, after some search, Lady
Jane, then in her 14th year, in her apartment, deeply im-
mersed in the Phædo of Plato! "with as much delight
us some gentlemen would read a merry tale in Boccace."
The worthy Ascham, however delighted at such devotion
to the studies he was himself so much in love with, could
not conceal his surprise at the choice of this very young
lady. After the first compliments, he asked her why she
"lost such pastime as there must needs be in the park?"
At which, smiling, she answered, "I wist all their sport is
but a shadow to that pleasure that I find in Plato. Alas,
good folk! they never felt what true pleasure meant!"
This "naturally leading him to inquire how a child of her
age had attained to such a depth of pleasure both in the
Platonic language and philosophy," she made him (Mr.
Ascham himself tells us) the following remarkable reply:
"I will tell you," quoth she, "and tell you truth, which,
perchance, you will marvel at. One of the greatest bene-
fits which ever God gave me, is that he sent so sharp and He has been called "The Father of English Prose."
severe parents, and so gentle a schoolmaster. For when Certain it is that "previous to the exertions of Ascham,
I am in presence either of father or mother, whether I very few writers can be mentioned as affording any model
speak, keep silence, sit, stand or go; eat, drink, be merry, for English style. If we except the translation of Frois-
or sad; be sewing, playing, dancing, or doing any thing sart by Bourchier, Lord Berners, in 1520, and the History
else, I must do it, as it were, in such weight, measure, of Richard III., by Sir Thomas More, certainly composi-
and number, and even so perfectly, as God made the tions of great merit, we shall find it difficult to produce an
world, or else I am so sharply taunted, so cruelly threat-author of much value for his vernacular prose. On the
ened, yea, presently, sometimes with pinches, nips, and contrary, very soon after the appearance of the "Toxo-
bobs, (or other ways, which I will not name, for the honour philus,' we find harmony and beauty in English style em-
I bear them,) so without measure disordered, that I think phatically praised and enjoined."-DR. DRAKE.
myself in hell, till time come that I must go to Mr. El-
mer, who teacheth me so gently, so pleasantly, with fair
allurements to learning, that I think all the time nothing
while I am with him; and when I am called from him, I
fall a-weeping, because whatsoever I do else but learning,
is full of grief, trouble, fear, and wholly misliking unto
and this my book hath been so much my pleasure,
and bringeth daily to me more pleasure, and more yet!
"He designed not only to teach the art of shooting, but to give
an example of diction more natural and more truly English than
was used by the common writers of that age, whom he censures
for mingling exotic terms with their native language, and of whom
tion, but by arrogance and temerity. He has not failed in either
he complains that they were made authors, not by skill or educa-
of his purposes."-DR. JOHNSON.
ine;
Anthony Wood speaks of him as "leaving behind him this cha
literas Latinas et Græcas, stylique puritatem cum eloquentia
racter by a learned person, that he inter primos nostræ nationis
laude excoluit."
•
“He had a facile and fluent Latin style, (not like those who,
counting obscurity to be elegancy, weed out all the hard words
they meet in authors :) witness his 'Epistles,' which some say are
the only Latin ones extant of any Englishman, and if so, the more
the pity. What loads have we of letters from foreign pens, as if no
author were complete without those necessary appurtenances/
Whilst surely our Englishmen write (though not so many) as
In a word, his Toxophilus' is ac-
good as any other nation.
counted a good book for young men, his Schoolmaster for old
-Fuller's Worthies.
men, his Epistles' for all men.
Ascham's first publication (not his first work) was elicited
by the censure with which some meddlesome people thought
proper to rebuke his love of archery. It is entitled "Toxo-
philus; the School and Partitions of Shooting." (1544.)
The author embraced the opportunity thus presented of
teaching to his countrymen the as yet undeveloped riches
C
>>
of their native tongue.
•
So unfashionable was it at this time for the learned to
condescend to the use of English, that Ascham prefaces
his work by an apology for writing in his own language,
doubting not that he should be blamed for
6:
Writing it in the English tongue. . . . As for the Latin or
Greek tongue, every thing is so excellently done in them, that
in a manner so meanly both for the matter and handling, that no
none can do better; in the English tongue, contrary. every thing
man can do worse. ... Hle that will write well in any tongue
72
ASC
ASG
must follow this counsel of Aristotle: to speak as the common
people do, to think as wise men do: as so should every man un-
derstand him, and the judgment of wise men allow him.'
The book is a dialogue supported by Philologus, a stu-
dent, and Toxophilus, a lover of archery. We have a
modification of the practice of the art, the regulations which
should govern it, and its inestimable advantages for va-
rious purposes. The modest archer, with true humility,
acknowledges that he had not done his weighty subject
full justice.
Tox. This communication handled of me, Philologe, as I know
well, not perfitely, yet, as I suppose trulye, you must take in good
worthe; wherein, if divers thinges do not altogether please you,
thancke yourselfe, which would rather have me faulte in mere
follye, to take that thinge in hand, which I was not able for to
perfourme, than by any shamefastnesse with-saye your request and
ininde, which I know well I have not satisfyed."
The enthusiastic son of the bow, with an admirable
stroke of policy, lets his friend understand that he has no
desire to monopolize "The seat of Gamaliel," but he will
be glad "to occupy the place of the unlearned," and pro-
mises to be a patient auditor when Philologe shall himself
think proper to "hold forth:"
But yet I will thincke this labour of myne the better bestowed,
if to-morrow, or some other day when you have leysure, you will
spende as much time with me here in this same place, in entreat-
ing the question de orig.ne unimæ, and the joyning of it with the
bodye, that I maye knowe howe farre Plato, Aristotle, and the
Stycians have waded in it."
The worthy Philologe would be hard-hearted indeed not
to be exceedingly amiable on the reception of so delicate
a compliment as this; accordingly he replies, with evident
complacency:
"How you have handled this matter, Toxophile, I may not well
tell you myselfe now, but for your gentlenesse and good-will towards
learninge and shootinge. I will be content to shewe you anye plea-
sure whensoever you will; and nowe the sunne is downe, therefore,
if it please you, we will go home and drincke in my chamber, and
then I will tell you plainly what I thincke of this communica-
tion, and also what daye we will appointe, at your request, for the
other matter to meste here, againė.”
"The Schole Master," pub. 1571, (colophon, 1573,) was
written at the suggestion of Sir Richard Sackville. The title
of this excellent work is the best indication of its object.
"The Schole Master. or plaine and' perfite way of teaching chil-
dren to understand, write, and speak, the Latin Tonge, but spe-
cially purposed for the private bringing up of Youth in Ientlemen
and Noblemen's houses, and commodious also for all such as have
forgot the Latin Tonge. and would, by themselves, without a
schole master, in short time, and with small paines, recouer a suf-
ficient habilitie to understand, write, and speak Latin. At Lon-
don, printed by John Daye, dwelling over Aldersgate, Lon., 1571.”
"A book that will be always useful, and everlastingly esteemed
on account of the good sense. judicious observations, excellent cha-
racters of ancient authors, and many pleasant and profitable pas-
sages of English history,which are plentifully strewed therein."-
DR. CAMPBELL.
CC
Perhaps the best advice that ever was given for the study of
languages.”—DR. JOHNSON.
A more interesting and judicious treatise has not appeared
upon the subject in any language."-DR. DRAKE.
6
The work is strongly expressive of the author's humanity and
good sense, and abounds with proofs of extensive and accurate
erudition. It contains excellent practical advice, particularly on
the method of teaching classical learning."-Cunningham's Biog.
That his English works have been so long neglected. is a proof
of the uncertainty of literary fame. He was scarcely known as an
author in his own language till Mr. Upton published his School-
Master with learned notes. His other pieces were read only by
those few who delight in obsolete books.”
The Life of Ascham, and the Dedication to the Earl of
Shaftesbury, prefixed to Bennet's edition of his English
works, (Lon., 1761,) were written by Dr. Johnson.
Apologia pro Coena Dominica contra Missam, &c., Lon-
dini, 1577. With dedication to the Earl of Leicester, some
hexameters, and an epistle to the reader. Reprint., 1587.
Epistolarum Libri tres, &c., Londini, 1587, dedicated to
Queen Elizabeth. Reprinted, 1581. Ibid. edidit Elstob.
Oxon., 1703, with a frontispiece by M. Burghers, contain-
ing ten English portraits, and the author reading to Queen
Elizabeth. Considered the best edition of the Letters:
poems not included. These Letters are held in great
esteem for style and matter, and are one of the few classi-
cal collections of the kind written by Englishmen. Warton
considers that "the Latinity of Ascham's prose has little
elegance," but we have seen Buchanan's commendation in
the Epigram quoted ante.
A Report and Discourse of the Affaires and State of
Germany, and the Emperor Charles his Court, durying
gonal observations when attached to the embassy to the
certaine years, (1550-1552.) The result of Ascham's per-
emperor. Dr. Campbell praises this Report as
“One of the most delicate pieces of history that ever was penned
in our language, evincing its author to have been a man as capable
of shining in the cabinet as in the closet."
One of the two editions bears date 1570, the other is
sine anno.
The Rev. John Walters pub. in 1588 a reprint of the
first edition of Toxophilus, with extracts from books sub-
sequent to the date of its appearance.
Ascheton, William. See ASSHETON.
History.
"From this time his affairs grew more desperate, and he was
obliged to retire first to the Mint, and then became a prisoner in
the King's Bench, but removed himself thence to the Fleet, and in
the rules of one or other of these prisons continued thirty years."
Among the principal of his works were: Severa! Asser-
tions Proved, in order to create another Species of Money
than Gold or Silver. An Essay on a Registry for Titles
of Lands, 1771. This work is written in a very bu-
morous style. The Succession of the House of Hanover
Vindicated, Lon., 1714. This was an answer to Mr. Bed-
ford's famous book. Dr. Southey is disposed to think that
Asgill's theological treatise which gave so much offence,
was the result of a professional habit of mind, which led
him to take nothing for granted, but induced him to ex-
amine every question critically for his own satisfaction.
"The writings of the learned and judicious Ascham possess, both
in style and matter, a value which must not be measured by their
inconsiderable bulk. Their language is pure, idiomatic. vigorous
English; they exhibit great variety of knowledge, remarkable sa-
gacity, and sound common sense."-SPALDING.
"Ascham is a thorough-bred philologist, and of the purest water.
After Ascham and Wilson, we look in vain, during the mid-
dle of the sixteenth century, for any names equally illustrious in
the annals of English philology.”—DR. Dibdin.
"The whole strength of his mind was devoted to his profession, in
which he had so completely trammelled and drilled his intellectual
powers, that he at length acquired a habit of looking at all sub-
"Ascham is a great name in our national literature. He was
one of the first founders of a true English style in prose composi-
tion, and one of the most respectable and useful of our scholars.jects in a legal point of view. He could find flaws in an hereditary
He was amongst the first to reject the use of foreign words and
Idioms--a fashion, which in the reign of Henry the Lighth, began
to be so prevalent. that the authors of that day, by usinge |
straunge wordes, as Latine, Frenche. and Italian, did make all
thinges darke and harde.' . . . As a scholar, he was acute, learned,
and laborious.”—Retros, Review, vol. iv. p. 78.
It is truly remarkable that the English works of Ascham
seem for so long a period to have been almost entirely for-
gotten Dr. Johnson truly remarks:
*C
Ascu, E. Historie, containing the Warres, Treatises,
Marriages, and other Occurents, between England and
Scotland, from King William the Conqueror, untill the
happy union of them both in King James, 1607.
Asgill, John. An Apologetical Oration, on an extra-
ordinary occasion, Lon., 1760.
"A pretty respectable defence of Lord George Sackville."-Watt.
Asgill, John, d. 1738, at an advanced age, was a
lawyer, and the author of a number of books, pub. Lon.,
1700-1727. He is remarkable as having been subjected
to much persecution in consequence of a work pub. in 1700,
entitled Argument, proving that Men may be translated to
Heaven without dying, according to the Covenant of Eter-
nal Life, revealed in the Scriptures, although the Human
Nature of Christ himself could not thus be translated till
he had passed through Death. This unfortunate publica-
tion, which a later judgment has pronounced rather absurd
than impious, was condemned by Dr. Sacheverell as "one
of the blasphemous writings which induced him to think
the church in danger." He sat as a member of the Irish
House of Commons only four days, when he was expelled
for this performance. Returning to England he was chosen
member for Bramber, county of Sussex, in 1705. In 1707,
he was expelled from his seat upon a representation of a
committee of which Edward Harley, Esq., was chairman,
that the book "contained several blasphemous expressions,
and seemed to be intended to ridicule the Scriptures."
crown. But it was not to seek flaws that he studied the Bible; hə
studied it to see whether he could not claim, under the Old and
New Testament, something more than was considered to be his
share."
For copious extracts from Asgill's Argument, see The
Doctor part the Second. Asgill, in contending that men
had made a great mistake in dying for so many years,
only because they thought they were obliged to die, bad
to admit that the evidence told strongly against him! He
was not able to deny that "this custom of the world to
die, hath gained such a prevalency over our minds by pre-
possessing us of the necessity of death, that it stands ready
to swallow my argument whole without digesting it." Yet
nothing daunted by this startling fact, of men's daily in-
sisting upon dying, he stoutly contends that "the custom
of the world to die is no argument one way or other!"
He explains all this in a trice, by declaring that the
dominion of death is supported by our fear of it, "by which
it hath bullied the world to this day." We have scen
that his ungrateful contemporaries, not appreciating his
73
ASH
ASH
friendly efforts to extend their longevity, punished, in-
stead of rewarding, him, and insisted upon following their
old custom with that pertinacious adherence to the man-
ners of their forefathers for which Englishmen have been
always proverbial. Asgill no doubt pitied their delusion,
and deplored their folly, as he saw them dropping off one
by one; and as he is said to have almost attained his 100th
year, perhaps the new generation were beginning to sus-
pect that Lawyer Asgill was not so far wrong after all, and
that their progenitors had the weak side of an argument
to which they had yielded themselves martyrs. But death
had only "stayed execution," not "abandoned his claim;"
and, in November, 1738, Asgill was forced to be a witness
against himself, and, to use old Anthony Wood's favourite
phrase, he "gave way to fate," to prove, we trust, the truth
of the old motto which he so much censured, that "Death
is the Gate of Life," the entrance to a blissful immortality,
to those who by "patient continuance in well-doing, have
waited their appointed time till their change come," justi-
fied, sanctified, and made meet for the "inheritance of the
saints in light." We believe Asgill to have been a good
man, but one who had
"Found it pleasant
To sail, like Pyrrho, on a sea of speculation,"
until fancy had usurped the province of reason, and the
deductions of judgment been displaced by the vagaries of
the imagination.
Ash, Charles. Adbaston: a Poem, 1814.
Ash, Edward, M.D. d. 1829, conducted a weekly
paper, published in numbers, entitled The Speculator, 1790.
"He amused himself with the elegancies of literature, and as-
sisted the College of Physicians in the arrangement and style of
their official papers and publications; but he did not publish any
work on medical science."-Rose's Biog. Dict.
Ash, St. George, Bishop of Cloyne, 1658-1717, pub.
six sermons separately, 1694-1716; and contributed to the
Phil. Trans., 1684-98. He was a member of the Royal
Society.
Ash, John. Account of Affairs in Carolina, 1703.
Ash, John, M.D., 1723-1798, of Trinity Coll., Oxf.,
attained great eminence in his profession. He practised
for many years in Birmingham and London. In 1788 he
pub. (the result of his own investigations) Experiments
and Observations to investigate by Chemical Analysis the
Medicinal Properties of the Mineral Waters of Spa and
Aix-la-Chapelle, in Germany; and of the Waters and Boue
near St. Amand, in French Flanders. Dr. Ash was founder
and president of the celebrated Eumelian club, of which
Sir Joshua Reynolds, Mr. Windham, Boswell, and others,
were members. See Boswell's Life of Johnson.
Ash, John, LL.D., 1724-1779, a dissenting minister
at Pershore in Worcestershire, pub. several works, 1766-
77, the principal of which is, A New and Complete Eng-
lish Dictionary, Lon., 1775. 2 vols. 8vo.
The plan was extensive beyond any thing of the kind ever
attempted, and perhaps embraced much more than was necessary,
or useful. It is valuable. however, as containing a very large pro-
portion of obsolete words, and such provincial or cant words as
have crept into general use."-CHALMERS.
Ash, T. Entick's Spelling Dict. abridged.
Ashburner, A. M. Sermon at Ordination of the late
Sir Harry Trelawney, 1777.
Narrative of his
Ashburnham, John, 1603–1671.
Attendance on King Charles I., Lon., 1830.
"This work is valuable from throwing much light on a portion
of history which has hitherto been involved in unusual obscu-
rity."-Lon. Athenæum.
Ashburnham, Wm. Restoration of the Jews. A
Poem, Lon., 1794. Elegiae Sonnets, &c., Lon.,1795.
Ashburnham, Sir Wm., Bishop of Chichester. Ser-
mons pub. separately, 1745-64.
Ashby, George, an English poet of the reign of
Henry VI. He wrote, for the instruction of Prince Edward,
a poem on the Active Policy of a Prince. A copy is pre-
served among the MSS. in the Public Library of the
University of Cambridge. Its author states that he wrote
it in his eightieth year.-RITSON,
Ashby, George, 1724-1808, an English divine and
antiquary, educated at St. John's Coll. Camb., was a valu-
able contributor to several important works. Bishop Percy,
Mr. Granger, Richard Gough, and a number of others,
acknowledged his intelligent aid. Mr. Ashby was the
Suffolk clergyman spoken of so handsomely by the Rev.
Thomas Harmer, in his preface to the third volume of Ob-
servations on Scripture. James Barrington refers to his
assistance in his work on the Statutes, ed. 1775, p. 12; and
Mr. Nichols remarks that,
and useful information on every subject of literature. See par
ticularly his Dissertation on the Leicester Military, vol. i. p. 155."
But he is best known to the lover of literary history, as
"T. F." [Taylor's Friend,] the author of many spicy notes
in Nichols's Life of Boyer, the precursor of that invaluable
magazine of entertainment and information, NICHOLS's
LITERARY ANECDOTES.
Ashby, Sir John. His and Rear Admiral Rook's
Account of the Engagement at Sen, between the Dutch,
English, and French Fleets, June, 1690, Lon., 1691.
Ashby, Richard, a Quaker. A Sermon preached on
no text, at St. Martin's Le Grand, Feb. 16, 1693, Lon., 169 1.
Ashby, Saml. The Young Analyst's Exercise, Lon.,
1741.
Ashdowne, J. Ch. Warden's and Overseer's Guide,
1835.
Ashdowne, Wm. Theolog. Works, 1777–98.
Ashe. Sermons, 1741.
Ashe, Isaac. The Book of Revelation, with com-
pendious notes, &c., Dublin, 1834.
present in a very brief and convenient form all that is worth pos
"The author has so condensed the result of his reading, as to
sessing in the voluminous writings of those who have addicted
themselves to the study of the prophetic Scriptures."--Lon. Evan•
gelical Mog.
Ashe, J. Life of William Bagshaw, 1704.
Ashe, Jonathan. The Masonic Manual, or Lectures
on Free Masonry, 1813.
Ashe, Nicholas. Panthia; a Tragedy, 1803.
Ashe, Robert Hoadly, D.D. Poet. Trans. by J.
Brown, a boy eleven years old, 1787. Letter to John
Milner, relative to Bishop Hoadly, 1799.
"An excellent scholar.”—NICHOLS.
Ashe, Simeon, d. 1662, a Puritan divine temp.
Charles I. and the Commonwealth. He pub. separately
several sermons, Lon., 1642-55, and wrote prefaces to va-
rious works.
"He was a Christian of the primitive simplicity, and a Noncon
formist of the old stamp. He was eminent for a holy life, a cheer
ful mind, and a fluent elegancy in prayer.”—DR. CALAMY.
intended as Indexes, &c. to the Year Books and Law Re-
Ashe, Thos., of Gray's Inn, pub. a number of works
ports, Lon., 1602-33. In 1618 appeared his Fasciculus
several books of the Right Hon. Sir Edward Coke. His
Florum; or an handful of flowers gathered out of the
Promptuaire was pub. in 1614.
"By the helpe thereof, that which was heretofore confused, full
of paines, and ambiguous, will now become short, plain, easy, aud
compendious.”
"The author seems to have had a passion for writing Indexes
and Digests, which he prepared with great care, but which are now
of comparatively little use."-Marvin's Legal Bibl., which see.
Ashe, Thos. Carolina; or, Description of the Present
State of that Country, &c., Lon., 1682. See Hist. Coll. of
South Carolina, by B. R. Carroll, N.Y., 1836, 2 vols. Svo.
Ashe, Thos., Esq., pub. several works, Lon., 1808-
12. Travels in America in 1806, Lon., 180S.
"He has spoiled a good book by engrafting incredible stories on
authentic facts.”—Lon. Quarterly Review.
Life and Corresp. of Thos. Ashe, 1814, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
Asheburne, Thos., wrote in 1384 (in the Cottonian
MS. Ap. vii.) a religious poem, De Contemptu Mundi.
Asheton, Wm. See ASSHETON.
Ashhurst, Sir H. Life of Rev. N. Haywood, 1695.
Ashhurst, Sir W. H. Charge to the Grand Jury,1792.
Ashley. The Art of Painting, &c. in Glass, 1801.
Ashley, Anthony. The Mariner's Mirror, &c., 1588.
Ashley, Henry. The Doctrine and Prac. of Attach-
ment in the Mayor's Court, Lon. 2d ed. Lon., 1819.
Ashley, John. A work rel. to Brit. Col. in America,
Lon., 1740.
Ashley, Jonathan, 1713-1780, minister at Deerfield,
Massachusetts, pub. Sermons, &c., 1741-45.
Ashley, Robt., 1565-1641, translated a number of
works into English: 1. Urania, a Celestial Muse, Lon.,
1589. 2. Of the Interchangeable Course, 1594. 3. Al-
mansor, 1627. 4. Cochin China, 1633. 5. David Perse-
cuted.
Ashmand, J. M. Trans. Ptolomy's Tertrabiblos, or
Quadriparti, &c., Lon., 1822.
Ashmead, John W. Reports in the Courts of Com-
mon Pleas, Quarter Sessions, Oyer and Torminer, and
Orphan's Court of the First District of Pennsylvania,
2 vols. 8vo, Philada., 1838–41.
"The second volume contains many adjudications of law and
of equity decided after the act of June 16, 1836, by which exten-
sive equity powers were conferred upon the judges of this court.
"Mr. Ashmead appears to have performed his task with accu-
racy and general care.”
"To this respectable divine. I have repeatedly expressed my ob- Ashmole, Elias, 1617-1693, the founder of the Ash-
ligations in the course of the History of Leicestershire, for prompt | molean Museum at Oxford, a celebrated philos pher, an◄
.74
€
ASH
ASH
tiquary, and chemist, was born at Lichfield, in Stafford-
shire. In 1841 he became attorney of the Common Pleas.
In 1644 he entered himself of Brasenose College, Oxford,
where he zealously devoted himself to the study of Mathe-
matics, Natural Philosophy, and Astronomy. Upon his
return to London, he became an associate of Moore, Lilly,
Booker, and other astrologers and Rosicrucianists, the
effects of which studies were seen by his publication, in
1650, of Dr. Arthur Dee's Fasciculus Chemicus; together
with another tract of the same character, by an unknown
author. In 1652 appeared his Theatrum Chemicum Bri-
tannicum, a collection of the works of such English Chem-
ists as had remained in manuscript. In a letter to Mr.
(afterwards Sir William) Dugdale, whom he accompanied
in his Survey of the Fens, he gives an account of the
Roman Road called Bennevanna, in Antoninus's Itinerary.
In 1655 or 1658 he began to collect materials for his
History of the Institutions, Laws, and Ceremonies of the
most Noble Order of the Garter, which he published in
1672: upon presenting a copy to King Charles II., he
granted him a privy seal for £100. In 1679 he lost, by a
fire, a collection of 9000 coins, a fine library, and many
curiosities. In 1682, the University of Oxford having
prepared a building for their reception, he sent thither his
collection of coins, medals, &c.; and at his death the Ash-
molean Museum was still further enriched by the bequest
of the books and MSS. of the learned founder. His His-
tory of Berkshire was published after his death (in 1715)
in 3 vols. folio, and is not thought to do the author justice.
"He was the greatest virtuoso and curioso that ever was known
or read of in England before his time. Uzor Solis took up its lege, Oxf.
Uzor Solis took up its
habitation in his breast, and in his bosom the great God did
abundantly store up the treasures of all sorts of wisdom and
knowledge. Much of his time, when he was in the prime of his
years, was spent in chemistry; in which faculty, being accounted
famous, he did worthily deserve the title of Mercurio philus An-
glicus.'
‚”— Wood's Athen. Ozon.
Ashmole's Diary, reprinted at the end of Lilly's History
of his Life and Times in 1774, "abounds so much in ab-
surd and whimsical facts as to be almost an injury to Ash-
mole's memory." Ashmole was thrice married; his third
wife was the daughter of his friend, Sir William Dugdale.
The History of the Order of the Garter
"Was his greatest undertaking, and had he published nothing
else, would have preserved his memory, as it certainly is, in its
kind, one of the most valuable books in our language."-Chalmers.
The work "obtained great applause, not only from his
majesty, but from all the Knights Companions, and others
attached to studies of that kind."
Among other Knights Companions who testified their
approbation of our author's performance, was Christierne,
King of Denmark, who sent to Ashmole a gold chain with
a medal hanging to it.
"Whereupon Mr. Ashmole showing it to his majesty, his ma-
jesty commanded him to wear it: which he accordingly did in
some public solemnities that followed... Frederick William,
Prince Elector of the Empire, was so exceedingly taken with it,
that he not only sent to the author a golden chain of 90 Phila-
green links, in great knotts most curiously worked, with a gold
medal hanging to it, containing on one side his father's picture,
and on the other an escutcheon of his arms, but took order that
it should be translated into the Dutch language: but whether it
was so, I cannot yet tell, for I have not yet seen it."-WOOD.
For an analysis of this work, see Oldys's British Libra-
rian, p. 119-26; and see an interesting correspondence
between Earl Harcourt and Richard Gough, in Nichols's
Literary Anecdotes, vol. vi. p. 324, in which the subject of
females wearing the Order of the Garter is considered. In
Thoresby's Diary, we find a notice calculated to excite
pensive emotions, of a visit paid by him to the former
residence of Ashmole:
"June 1, 1712. In our return, passing by the house where Mr.
Ashmole once lived, we visited the widow, who showed us the re
mains of Mr. Tradescant's rarities, amongst which some valuable
shells and Indian curiosities."
With what delight would the master of these "rarities,"
the great virtuoso and curioso," have displayed them to
this kindred spirit! How would he have expatiated upon
those wonderful "Coynes and Meddals" which Anthony
Wood describes with such true antiquarian gusto! Liko
Hezekiah, he would doubtless have "shewed them all tho
house of his precious things, the silver and the gold, and
the spices and the precious ointment, and all the house of
his armour, and all that was found in his treasures: there
was nothing in his house" that he would have "shewed
them not." But let us not forget, that although it was a
woman's province to gratify the erudite taste of Ralph
Thoresby, by displaying these antiquarian rarities, that
woman was the widow of Elias Ashmole and the daugh-
ter of Sir William Dugdale!
Ashmore.
Views in Scotland, Perth, 1791.
Ashmore, John, an English poet of the early part of
the 17th century.
the 17th century. The only work of his extant, is Certain
Selected Odes of Horace Englished, &c., Lon., 1621. The
Epigrammes, &c. consist principally of short addresses
"To several of the author's patrons and friends, except a few
more translations at the end, dedicated to Sir Thomas Wharton,
son and heir of Philip, Lord Wharton."-Censura Literaria, which
see for further description.
Ashmore, Thos. Work upon Bk. of Eng., Lon., 1774.
Ashmun, Jehudi, 1794–1828, agent of the American
Colonization Society, pub. The Memoirs of Rev. Samuel
Bacon, and some papers in the African Repository.
Ashton, Charles, 1665-1752, admitted of Queen's
Coll. Camb., 1682, was an eminent scholar. He con-
tributed anonymously to the Bibliotheca Literaria of
Wasse, &c.; wrote some treatises upon ecclesiastical an-
tiquities, and prepared for the press an edition of Justin
Martyr, published after his death by Mr. Kellett.
Ashton, G. The Prisoner's Plaint, Lon., 1623.
Ashton, J. Answer to the Paper delivered by him at
his execution to Sir Wm. Child; and the paper itself,
Lon., 1690.
The Christian Expositor, Lon., 1774, etc.
Conscience; a Tragedy, 1815.
Ashton, J.
Ashton, J.
Ashton, P. Translated A short Treatise upon the
Turke's Chronicle: printed by Whitechurch, Lon., 1546.
Ashton, R. See ASTON, R.
Ashton, Sophia Goodrich, b. 1819, Mass., daughter
of Rev. C. A. Goodrich. Mothers of the Bible; Series of
Juveniles.
Ashton, Thos., b. 1631, a Fellow of Brasenose Col-
lege, Oxf. Wood calls him a
scholar, and a malapert in and near Oxford." Pert enough
"forward and conceited
he seems to have been from the titles of his two little books
directed against Colonel Mason, the Governor of Jersey:
1. Blood-thirsty Cyrus unsatisfied with blood, &c., 1659.
2. Satan in Samuel's Mantle, &c., 1659.
Ashton, Thos., 1716-1775, of Eton and King's Coll.
Camb., pub. Sermons separately, 1745-70; and some let-
into the vacant places in Eton College, 1771. See a letter
ters and pamphlets: On the question of electing Aliens
addressed to him by Horace Walpole from Florence.
Ashton, Walter. Serm. on Ps. ciii. 1, Lon., 1623.
Ashton, William. See ASSHETON.
Ashwell, George, 1612-1693, rector of Hanwell, in
Oxfordshire, pub. Fides Apostolica, Oxon., 1653; Gestus
Eucharisticus, Oxon., 1663; De Socino et Socianismo,
Oxon., 1650; De Ecclesia, Oxon., 16SS. He also trans.
Philosophus Antodidactus, Lon., 1686. Wood gives him
a high character:
"This Mr. Ashwell, who was a quiet and pious man, and every
way worthy of his function, had been an excellent logician, and
of a very rational head and understanding, was also well read in
the Fathers and Schoolmen. and. therefore, very much valued by
Divines whose learning lay that way."
Ashwell, John, Prior of Newnham Abbey, near
Bedford. "The Letters which Johan Ashwell, Priour of
Newnham Abbey besydes Bedforde, sente secretley to the
Byshope of Lyncolnc. M.D.XXVII.
of Lyncolue. M.D.XXVII. Where in the
sayde Pryour accuseth George Joye, that Tyme beyng
Felow of Peter College in Cambrydge, of fower opinions:
with the Answere of the sayde George unto the same opi-
nions."
"At Straszburge 10 Daye of June. Thys lytell Boke
be delywered to Johan Ashwell. Priour of Newnha Abbey,
besydes Bedforde, with Spede."
This work is of great interest, not only to the biblio-
grapher, and lover of rare works, but as connected with
the history of one of the first men who stood forth in
England, and boldly advocated the "universal diffusion”
of the gospel. The Prior of Newnham accused Joye of
heresy, and Joye answers the charge.
"He was a great friend to Master Tindall, and, therefore, per
fectly hated by Wolsey. Fisher, and Sir Thomas More. The par
ticulars of his sufferings, if known, would justly advance him
into the reputation of a confessor. He translated some parts of
Bale. Notwithstanding many machinations against his life, he
the Bible into English, and wrote many works. reckoned up by
found his coffin where he fetched his cradle, in suâ patriâ sepuk
tus. being peaceably buried in his native country, 1553, the last
year of King Edward the Sixth.”—Fuller's Worthies,
·
For an interesting account of Ashwell's Letters, &c.,
see the Retrospective Review. N.S., vol. ii.
Ashwell,
Ashwell, Samuel, M.D. 1. Diseases Peculiar
to Women, Lon., Svo: Phila.. Svo. 2. Parturition,
Svo. See Goddard, Paul B., M.D.
Ashwell, Thos., Compos. of Church Music, temp.
Hen. VIII.
Ashwood, Bart. The Heavenly Trade, Lon., 1688.
Ashwood, John. Discourses, 1707.
.
75
•
ASH
AST
|
I
Ashworth, Caleb, 1721-1775, presided for 23 years
over the Dissenting theological institution established
upon Coward's Foundation. Dr. Doddridge in his last
will recommends Mr. Ashworth for this responsible post.
He pub. three Funeral Sermons on the deaths of Dr.
Watts, Mr. Floyd, and Mrs. Clark; A Coll. of Tunes and
Anthems; a Hebrew Grammar; azd An intro. to Plane
Trigonometry.
"With_indefatigable application, with genuine and well-regu-
lated zeal, and with growing reputation and success. he exerted
his eminent abilities and extensive acquaintance with sacred and
human literature in the service of his great Master, and in pro-
moting the important interest of learning, religion, and charity.”
-Inscription on his monument.-Rose's Biog. Dict.
Aske, James, author of Elizabetha Triumphans,
written in commemoration of the defeat of the Spanish
Armada, 1588, and pub. in that year. It is in blank
verse; and as such included in Dr. Percy's volume of
Blank Verse anterior to Milton. It will be found com-
:
plete in the second volume of Nichols's Progresses of
Queen Elizabeth.
Askew, Anthony, M.D., 1722-1772, a distinguished
classical scholar, was educated at Sedburgh School, and
Emmanuel Coll., Cambridge. He studied medicine for a
year at Leyden; after which he still remained abroad for
three years, and returned to Cambridge in 1750, and com-
menced practice. He published no medical works, and
his easy fortune prevented the necessity of any effort to
retain the large professional business which his father,
Dr. Adam Askew, had long enjoyed. Whilst abroad, he
laid the foundation of his choice library by the purchase
of many valuable books and manuscripts. Amongst
these treasures was a complete collection of the editions
of Eschylus, a new edition of which Dr. Askew intended
to have given to the world. Whilst yet a student at
Leyden, he issued a specimen of his intended edition,
dedicated to Dr. Richard Mead: Novæ Editionis Tragæ-
diarum schyli Specimen, curante Antonio Askew, &c.,
Lugd. Batav., 1746. This pamphlet is now of great rarity.
Askew has been properly esteemed one of the fathers of
the "BIBLIOMANIA" in England. He estimated his rare
books and dingy manuscripts as more precious than rubies
or fine gold, and was careful how he permitted them to
pass from his own hands. We have an amusing account
of his displaying (but sub oculis only-manibusque was
too much for a king to ask!) to his visitors some of his
choicest volumes, safely enshrined within glass cases,
whilst the happy owner, perched upon his library ladder,
would read from an "Editio princeps," or an " Exemplar
elegans," some scrap of philosophic wisdom of the "elder
time." How could the enthusiastic Askew ever resign
those darlings of his soul! But Death, who has no re-
spect for men's "hobbies," and who stops not to ask, when
he has levelled his shaft, whether his intended victim be
of Athens or Boeotia, entered the doctor's retreat at Hamp-
stead one day, and summoned him to leave his books and
manuscripts, the cherished acquisition of so many happy
years! His collection went the way of most libraries—
through the hands of the auctioneer, into the vacant
niches or shelves which had long waited for the demise of
the owner. The Rev. Mr. Cracherode's long purse swal-
lowed many an "Exemplar Askevianum." Dr. Hunter
expended £500 upon the spot, and Dr. Maty purchased to
a considerable amount for the British Museum. But
more than this! Even Royalty was a competitor in this
day's struggle. The King of England was a purchaser
of £300 worth of rare tomes, and his Majesty of France,
and some other foreign collectors, absorbed, through the
agency of De Bure, no less than the value of £1500.
We quote from our copy of the BIBLIOMANIA (richly in-
terleaved with original letters of Dr. Dibdin and Richard
Heber for we ourselves are something of a BIBLIOMA-
NIAC) the prices at which a few of the great guns were
disposed of.
**No. C84. Boccacio. il Teseide. Ferar. 1475. Prima Edizione. £85.
1576. Durandi Rationale. 1459. In Membranis. £61.
2656. Platonis Opera. apud Aldum, 2 vols. fol., 1513. Edit.
Prin. On vellum. £55 13s. 6d. Purchased by Dr. Wm. Hunter.
The reader can have no idea of the beauty of these vellum leaves.
The ink is of the finest lustre, and the whole typographical ar-
rangement may be considered a masterpiece of printing.
2812. Plinti Hist. Natural; apud Spiram, fol., 1469. Edit. Prin-
ceps. £3 Os. Cd. This copy bears no kind of comparison with
the copy in Lord Spencer's. Dr. Hunter's, and the Cracherode col-
lections. These latter are giants to it.
66
3537. Terentianus Maurus de Literis, Syllabis, et Metris Ho-
ratří Mediol., fol., 1497; £12. 128. Od. This is judged to be the only
copy of the edition in England, if not in the whole world. Dr.
Askew could find no copy in his travels over Europe, though he
made earnest and particular search in every library which he had
an opportunity of consulting."
"Rare and magnificent as the preceding articles may be c´nsi-
dered, I can confidently assure the reader that they form a very
Many a ten and twenty has been omitted-many a prince of an
small part of the extraordinary books in Dr. Askew's library.
edition passed by unguarded. [Dibdin quotes nineteen articles.]
The articles were 3:70 in number; probably comprehending about
7000 volumes. They were sold for £4000."
Dr. Askew was a warmly-attached friend of Dr. Richard
Mend. (See MEAD, RICHARD.) Of the classical attain-
ments of Askew, Dr. Parr speaks in high praise.
Aspin, J. Educational Works, 1801-9-13, etc.
Aspin, Wm. Sermon on Envy, Eccl. iv. 4, 1684.
Aspinall, James. The Crisis, Liverp., 1831.
Aspinwall. Translated "Rodogune," 1765.
Aspinwall, Edward. A Preservation against Popery,
Lon., 1715; Arguments in proof of Christian Religion, 1731.
Aspland, Robert, 1782-1845, a Dissenter, b. at
Wicken, county of Cambridge, Eng. He was at one time
a Churchman, afterwards a Baptist, and finally a Unita-
rian. For forty years he was pastor of the Gravel-Pit
Chapel, Hackney. In 1806, he established the Monthly
Repository and founded the Unitarian Fund Society; in
1815, established the Christian Reformer, a monthly maga-
zine, which is continued by his son, the Rev. R. Brook
Aspland, of Dukinfield. His publications number about
fifty. A vol. of Sermons, and several pamphlets from his
pen, have been edited by his son, 1 vol. Svo. See Memoir
and Correspondence, by R. B. A., 1850, Svo; Appleton's
New Amer. Cyc.
Aspley, J. Work on Navigation, Lon., 1668.
Asplin, Saml. Sermons, pub. 1711-15.
Asplin, Wm. Upon Worship'g towards the East, 1728.
Asser, d. 910, Bishop of Sherborne, and perhaps of
another see antecedently, has had attributed to him seve-
ral works, the principal of which is the Life of Alfred,
(Elfredi Regis Res Gestæ, pub. by Archbp. Parker, 1574;)
but see an elaborate argument by the learned Thomas
Wright (Biog. Brit. Lit.) against the authenticity of this
biography.
Assheton, Wm.,
Assheton, Wm., 1641-1711, fellow of Brasenose
College, Oxf., pub. a number of theological, controversial,
and moral works, Lon., 1662-1710. Among his principal
productions were: 1. Toleration Disapproved and Con-
demned by the Authority and Convincing Reasons of, &c.,
Oxf., 1670; 2. The Cases of Scandal and Persecution,
Lon., 1674; 3. A Seasonable Vindication of the Blessed
Trinity, [a compilation from Tillotson and Stillingfleet,]
Lon., 1679; 4. The Royal Apology, or An Answer to the
Rebel's Plea, &c., 2d ed., Lon., 1685; 5. The Country
Parson's Admonition to his Parishioners against Popery;
6.
Directions for the Conversation of the Clergy, [from
Stillingflect.] Lon., 1710.
"The writer of his life gives him the highest character for piety,
probity, and inflexible adherence to the doctrines and interests of
the Church of England."
Astell, J. P. Liquor Aleahest, or a Discourse of that
immortal dissolvent of Paracelsus and Helmot, Lon., 1675.
Astell, Mary, 1668?-1731, a writer of considerable
note in her day, pub. a number of theological and miscel.
works.
A Serious Proposal to the Ladies for the Advancement
of their True and Greatest Interest, &c.; also, Part the
Second: wherein a method is offered for the improvement
of their minds, Lon., 1697.
"These books contributed not a little towards awakening their
minds, and lessening their esteem for those trifling amusements
which steal away too much of their time."-BALLARD.
An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex. "A witty piece."
Reflections on Marriage, occasioned, it is said, by a lisap-
pointment she experienced in a marriage contract, 1700.
"Some people think she has carried her arguments with regard
there is too much warmth of temper discovered in this treatise."
to the birthrights and privileges of her sex a little too far: and that
But surely a little asperity should be excused when wo
consider the circumstances! A Fair Way with Dissenters,
tised by a Daughter of the Church of England, 1705;
and their Patrons, 1704; The Christian Religion, as Prac-
Six Familiar Essays upon Marriage, Crosses in Love, and
Friendship, 1706. Poor Mary! still harping upon that
gay deceiver! Bart'lemy Fair, or an Inquiry after Wit,
1700: republished in 1722, with the words "Bart'lemy
Fair" omitted.
...
"She was extremely fond of obscurity, which she courted and
doated on beyond all earthly blessings; and was as ambitious to
slide gently through the world, without so much as being seen or
taken notice of. as others are to bustle and make a figure in it.
Notwithstanding her great care to conceal herself, her name was
soon discovered, and made known to several learned persons,
whose restless curiosity would otherwise hardly have been satis-
fed."-BALLARD.
These romarks apply more particularly to the publica
76
AST
AST
tion of her Letters to Mr. John Norris concerning The
Love of God.
Mrs. Astell was held in great estimation by some of
the most distinguished persons of her day. Dr. John
Walker calls her "The most ingenious Mrs. Astell;" Henry
Dodwell styles her "The admirable gentlewoman, Mrs.
Astell." Evelyn acknowledges the satisfaction which he
derived from her writings. But as perfection is not for
man-nor woman either, it seems- we must confess that
Bishop Atterbury in writing to Dr. Smalridge complains
in this wise:
p
"I happened about a fortnight ago to dine with Mrs. Astell.
She spoke to me of my sermon, and desired me to print it; and
after I had given the proper answer, hinted to me that she should
be glad of perusing it; I complyed with her, and sent her the ser-
mon next day. Yesterday she returned it with this sheet of re-
marks, which I cannot forbear communicating to you, because I
take 'em to be of an extraordinary nature, considering they came
froit a woman. Indeed one would not imagine that a woman had
written them. There is not an expression that carries the least
air of her sex from the beginning to the end of it. She attacks
me very home, you see, and artfully enough, under a pretence of
taking my part against other divines, who are in Hoadley's Mea-
sures. Probably it was the sermon against Bishop Hoadley's
Measures of Submission.] Had she had as much good breeding
as good sense, she would be perfect; but she has not the most de
cent way of insinuating what she means, but is now and then a
little offensive and shocking in her expressions; which I wonder
at, because a civil turn of words is what her sex is always mis-
tress of. She, I think, is wanting in it. [No doubt he thought
so: and pray, what controversialist, "his soul in arms, and eager
for the fray," ever thought a hostile criticism civil?" But the
good Bishop in the midst of his chagrin will still be just: and
goes on to say:] But her sensible and rational way of writing
makes amends for that defect. if indeed [here the wounded author
gets uppermost again] any thing can make amends for it. I dread
to engage her; [quite an admission!] so I only writ a general civil
answer to her, and leave the rest to an oral conference.”
*1
It is not a little amusing that Mrs. Astell's Christian
Religion as Professed by a Daughter of the Church of
England, was attributed to the pen of the prelate who
thus winces under her criticism.
Lord Stanhope writes to Bishop Atterbury:
"I am informed this day that you have put out in print a mighty
Ingenious pamphlet: but that you have been pleased to father it
upon one Mrs. Astell, a female friend and witty companion of your
wife's."
Mrs. Astell was a truly exemplary character, and devoted
her talent to the best ends, the interests of true religion,
and the improvement of her own sex; indeed, of all
capable of appreciating moral excellence and intellectual
elevation.
Astle, Mary. See ASTELL.
in six folio volumes.
Astle, Thomas, 1734-1803, an eminent antiquary,
and Keeper of the Records in the Tower of London, was
descended from the ancient family of the Astles, lords of
the Manor of Fauld, in Staffordshire. In 1770 he was ap-
pointed by the House of Lords to superintend the printing
of the Ancient Records of Parliament: succeeding his
father-in-law in this duty, who had been appointed at the
instance of Mr. Astle, when consulted on this subject by
the House of Lords in 1766. The Records were published
Of the Society of Antiquaries he
was a useful and distinguished member, and contributed
several valuable papers to the Archeologia in vols. iv., vii.,
X., xii., and xiii.; and to the Vetusta Monumenta. To the
Catalogue of the Harleian MSS. he wrote a preface and
index. In 1777 appeared his Catalogue of the MSS. in the
Cottonian Library, with a catalogue of the charters. Mr.
Planta's Cat. of MSS. has superseded Astle's, but the lat-
ter is still useful as containing the only cat. of the charters
in that library.
The Will of King Henry VII., Lon., 1775. The Will
of King Alfred, Oxon., 1788. Mr. Astle's great work is,
The Origin and Progress of Writing, as well hieroglyphic
: elementary; illustrated by engravings taken from Mar-
bles, MSS., and Charters, Ancient and Modern; also some
Account of the Origin of Printing, Lon., 1784. A second
and improved edition appeared in 1803. To this produc-
tion the high praise has been awarded of being "the com-
pletest work on the subject of Writing in this or any other
language." In the last chapter he labours to prove that
the art of printing took its origin from the Chinese. Upon
this hydra-headed theme we have no space here to enter.
We shall have to meet it somewhere, we presume, before
we finish our volume. Apropos, we take it very ill of Mr.
Brunet that he condescends not to favour Astle's great
work with a single bibliographical comment. He can ex-
pend a column upon Bodoni, (who deserves honourable
mention,) but not a line for Astle. He should remember
"the swashing blow" of good Master Dibdin, when the
hero of Dijon "bit the dust," and Lesné and Licquet "fled
the field" discomfited. Let M. Brunet (one of the first
of living bibliographers) profit by their example, lest ne
provoke a second Crapelet war! His silence is the more
inexcusable after the glowing eulogy of Peignot, who in
his Essai sur l'Histoire du Parchemin et du Vélin calls
Astle's book "le plus ample et le plus savant sur l'histoire
de la calligraphie."
Vi
The general character that we have to give of Mr. Astle's book
is, that the author's reflections are all very ingenious, most of them
just, and the engraved specimens properly chosen for the enter
tainment of curious readers, and for the information of men of
business. But we are far from being satisfied with his speculations
on language, and the origin of writing."-Lon. Monthly Review for
October, 1784: see this whole article, which has been highly com-
mended. It is in opposition to some of Astle's views.
"This work, it is needless to add, will fully establish Mr. Astle's
literary fame, and will transmit bis name with lustre to posterity,
together with those of his fellow-labourers, Mr. Harris and Lorá
Monboddo.”—Lon. Gent. Mug. for 1784: see Horne's Introd. to the
Study of Bibliography, vol. i. p. 72.
Astle's remarks upon the character and reign of Henry
VII. have been highly praised.
..
His learning, which is various, cannot escape observation; and
his authorities in general are the best that could be found. His
judgment, precision, and minuteness, are all to be highly com
mended. There is even a considerable spirit of philanthropy in
bis work; and in so far he advances beyond the character of a mere
antiquary. He displays not. however, any splendcur or brightness
of genius. He is simple and judicious, but not original.”—New
Cutulogue of English Living Authors.
We subjoin an interesting letter from Dr. Johnson to our
author:
"July 17, 1781.
“SIR,—I am ashamed that you have been forced to call so often
for your books, but it has been by no fault on either side. They
have never been out of my hands, nor have I ever been at home
without seeing you; for to see a man so skilful in the antiquities
of my country is an opportunity of improvement not willingly to
be missed.
•6
Your notes on Alfred appear to me very judicious and accurate,
but they are too few. Many things familiar to you are unknown
to me and to most others; and you must not think too favourably
of your readers: by supposing them knowing, you will leave them
ignorant. Measure of land, and value of money, it is of great im-
portance to state with care. Had the Saxons any gold coin?
I have much curiosity after the manners and transactions of
the Middle Ages, but have wanted either diligence or opportunity,
or both. [Then, good Doctor! why attempt to edit Shakspeare?]
You. sir. have great opportunities, and I wish you both diligence
and success.
I am, sir, &c.,
"SAM. JOHNSON."
Astley, F. F. Hints to Planters, Lon., 1807.
Astley, John, Master of the Jewel House, and Gen-
tleman of Queen Elizabeth's Privy Chamber, was not only
a great equestrian himself, but much concerned to improve
the bad riding which he was pained to see around him,
when taking the air for his health or amusement. The
reign of a queen so fond of getting up parties of pleasure
Art of Riding was especially worthy of cultivation in the
to the castles of her rich subjects, that the worthy anti-
quary, John Nichols, had materials enough to make up
three quarto volumes of The Progresses of Queen Elizabeth,
a work so highly esteemed that copies have been repeatedly
sold by public auction for upwards of £40. In such ex-
cursions as that to Kenilworth Castle, so glowingly de-
scribed by Master Lanebam, where on the road after
great cheer at dinner, there was pleasant pastime in hunt-
ing by the way after," wo to the knight who knew not
how to "sit his horse aright." The queen set an example
of the use of the saddle to her "loving subjects," for Lane-
ham tells us-" So passing into the inner court, her ma-
jesty (that never rides but alone) there set down from
her palfrey, was conveyed up to her chamber."
But to return to Master Astley. In 1584, his zeal for good
horsemanship induced him to put forth a work entitled
A
The Art of Riding set foorth, in a Breefe Treatise, with a due
Interpretation of certaine Places, alledged out of Xenophon and
Gryson, very expert and excellent Horsemen: wherein also the
true Vse of the Haud, by the said Gryson's Rules and Precepts. is
speciallie touched: and how the Author of this present Worke
hath put the same in Practise; also, what Profit men may reape
thereby; without the knowledge whereof, all the residue of the
Art of hiding is but vaine. Lastlie. is added a short Liscourse of
the Chaine of Cauezzan, The Trench and the Martingale, Lon.,
1584, 4to.
In the same year, not unwilling to call in the aid of a
foreigner in the reformation of bad riding, he published
The Art of Riding, conteining diverse necessarie Instructions,
manship, not heretofore expressed by anie other Author; written
Demonstrations, Helps, and Corrections, apperteining to Horse-
at large in the Italian Toong, by Maister Claudio Corte, a man
most excellent in this Art. Here brieflie reduced into certaine
English Discourses to the benefit of Gentlemen desirous of such
knowledge, Lon., 1584.
Astley, Jos. On the Doctrine of Heat; Nic. Jour. v.
23, 1801.
Astley, Philip, 1742-1814.
and Profession of a Soldier, 1794.
Remarks on the Duty
A Description and IIis-
77
AST
ATH
ner mentions a tract with the somewhat similar title of
De sic et non sic, which he says commenced with the
words Meministi ex quo incepimus. 3. The Quæstiones
Naturales, of which there are many manuscripts existing
under a great variety of titles. This treatise was printed.
apparently as early as the fifteenth century. It is written
in the form of a dialogue between Athelard and his ne-
phew, and is dedicated to Richard, Bishop of Bayeux,
(1108-1133.) In this tract Athelard gives his opinion on
various physical questions concerning animals, man, and
the elements. At the conclusion he promises a treatise on
higher philosophical subjects, De initio de initiis. 4. Re-
gulæ Abaci. This tract, on a subject which since the time
of Gerbert had employed the pens of a multitude of ma-
thematicians, was perhaps one of Athelard's earliest writ-
ings. It is preserved in a MS. of the library of Leyden,
where it is preceded by a short preface containing Athe-
lard's name, and without the preface or name, in a manu-
5. A treatise
script in the Bibliothèque Royale at Paris.
on the Astrolabe, evidently taken from Arabian writers.
A copy is preserved in the British Museum. Leland, who
sometimes speaks rather extravagantly of the style of the
mediæval writers, calls this "libellum argutum, numero-
sum, rotundum." It is certainly the one of Athelard's
6. Problemata.
Aston, Sir Thos., d. 1645, “a brave and loyal gentle-works which least merits that character.
man" attached to the cause of Charles I., and killed in the Leland mentions a work of Athelard's under this title,
which he had seen in the library of the Franciscans at
act of making his escape from prison, wrote: 1. A Remon-
strance against Presbytery, Lon., 1641. 2. A Short Survey London, but which had afterwards disappeared. 7. De
of the Presbyt. Discipline, and a Brief Review of the In- septem artibus liberalibus. Tanner, on the authority of
Boston of Bury, mentions a work of Athelard's bearing
stitutions, &c. of Bishops. 3. A Collection of Petitions to
this title, written partly in prose and partly in verse, and
the King and Parliament, 1642.
commencing with the words Sæpernumero est a philosophis.
S. A treatise on the Compotus, mentioned by Tanner as
having formerly been in the library of the Earl of Stam-
ford. 9. Tanner states that a tract is indicated in the old
table of contents of a manuscript in the King's Library,
under the title Liber magistri Adelardi Bathoniensis qui
dicitur Mappa clavicula, but the tract itself had been
Aston, H. H. A Sermon on Heb. xiii. 16, 1745.
Aston or Ashton, R. Placita Latina Redivivæ; a
Book of Entries of Approved Precedents of Courts, &c.,
3d ed., 1661; again reprinted, 1673.
"The swarms of books of precedents of various kinds in modern
times, obviate the necessity of reference to Aston, written in
crabbed. abridged Latin, with its marginal notes in Law French."
–Marvin's Legal Bibl.
torn out.
torical Account of the places near the theatre of war in the
Low Countries, 1794. System of Equestrian Education,
1801.
Astley, Thos. Collection of Voyages and Travels.
The first number appeared in Dec., 1744, and the last in
1747. The author was Mr. John Green.
Aston, Anthony. This "gentleman, lawyer, poet,
actor, soldier, sailor, exciseman, and publican," (we quote
his own words,) was the author of Love in a Hurry, 1709;
Pastora, 1712; The Fool's Opera, 1731-(with account
of his life appended.) In 1742 he pub. A Brief Supple-
ment to Colley Cibber, Esq., his Lives of the late famous
Actors and Actresses, by Tony Aston: "which contains
some information not preserved elsewhere."
Aston, Ed. Manners, Laws, and Customs of all Na-
tions, translated from the Latin of John Bonus, Lon., 1611.
Aston, J. Lancashire Gazetteer, &c., 1808.
Aston, Thos. Sermons, pub. 1658-91.
Aston, W. H. Select. Psalms in Verse, Lon., 1811.
Aston, Sir Walter, deserves mention as the patron
of Drayton, who dedicated to him one of his England's
Heroical Epistles, and in his Polyolbion thus acknow-
ledges his patron's favours.
6.
Trent, by Tixall graced. the Astons' ancient seat,
Which oft the Muse hath found her safe and sweet retreat."
Astrey or Astry, Sir Jas. General Charges to all
Grand Juries, and other Juries, &c., Lon., 1703.
Astry, Francis. Sermons, pub. Lon., 1716-33.
Astry, T. Case of a Young Man struck Dumb, Lon.,
1671.
Atcheson, Nath. Report of the Case of Hevelock
e. Rookwood, to the K. B., &c., Lon., 1800. Case of
Fisher. Ward, Lon., 1803. American Encroachments,
Lon., 1805. Collection of Reports, &c., relative to the
Trade of Great Britain, Ireland, and the Brit. Colonies in
the W. Indies and America, Lon., 1807.
The most important of Athelard's translations from the
Arabic was: 1. The Elements of Euclid. This became
the text-book of all succeeding mathematicians. The
manuscripts of Athelard's Euclid are numerous.
It was
afterwards published with a commentary under the name
of Campanus, and printed at Venice as early as 1482.
Mr. Halliwell has mentioned some reasons for believing
that the commentary also was in reality the work of Athe-
lard. Dr. Dee possessed a manuscript which contained
translations of Euclid's Optics and Catoptrics under the
name of Athelard. Athelard also translated, 2. The Isa-
goge minor Jafaris mathematici in Astronomiam. There
is a copy of this work in the Bodleian library. 3. Ezich
Elkauresmi, hoc est, tabulæ Chawaresmicæ ex Arabico
traductæ. A translation of the Kharismian tables. There
is a copy of this also in the Bodleian library. Leland
mentions a work translated from the Arabic by Athelard,
under the title Erith Elcharetmi, which Bale and Boston
of Bury give, more correctly, Ezich-Jafarim or Ezich-Jafa-
ris: it appears to be a corruption of Zydj Djafar, and was
probably only another name for the Kharismian tables.
4. The Præstigia astronomica Thebedis, which formerly
existed in a manuscript of the library of Avranches. Per-
haps some other tracts of Athelard exist in manuscripts as
yet unexamined, or pass as anonymous treatises. M. Jour-
dain was inclined to attribute to him a piece entitled Liber
imbrium secundum Indos, preserved in the Bibliothèque
Royale at Paris.
Atchison, Robt. Obs. on Dysentery, Med. Com., 1785.
Athelard of Bath, flourished 1110-1120, is the great-
est name in English science before Robert Grossetête and
Roger Bacon. His name would lead us to believe that he
was of Saxon blood. He was born probably in the latter
part of the eleventh century, and first quitted England to
study in the schools of Tours and Laon. In the latter
place he opened a school, and had, among other disciples
his nephew, to whom he appears to have been affection-
ately attached. But Athelard's love of knowledge was
unsatisfied with the state of science in France, and he left
his school, and crossed the Alps to Salerno, from whence he
proceeded to Greece and Asia Minor, and it is very pro-
bable that he went to study among the Arabs in the East.
Bagdad and Egypt were then the seats of Arabian learn-
ing. On his arrival in his native country, after an absence
of seven years, the throne, he tells us, was occupied by
Henry I.; and one of the first books he published after
his arrival, being dedicated to William, Bishop of Syracuse,
must have been written before 1116, the date of that pre-sis.
late's death. The manner in which Athelard speaks of
the reception of the Arabian sciences, seems to show that
they were then quite new among the Christians of the
West, and to contradict the opinion founded on a legend
preserved by William of Malmsbury, that they had been
introduced long before by Gerbert. We know nothing
more of Athelard's personal history. His celebrity was
great in after times; and in the thirteenth century Vincent
of Beauvais gives him the title of Philosophus Anglorum.
Athelard's writings appear to have enjoyed a great po-
pularity. We may divide them into two classes-original
works, and translations from the Arabic. Among the
former are, 1. The treatise De eodem et diverso, already
mentioned, of which the only copy known to exist is pre-
served in a manuscript in the Bibliothèque Royale at
Paris. It is written in the form of a letter to his nephew,
and dedicated to William, Bishop of Syracuse. 2. Tan-
Editions.-Sequitur tabula istius libelli. . . . Incipit prologus
Adelardi Bathoniensis in suas questiones naturales perdifficiles,
Laus deo et virgini. AMEN. Qui petit occultas rerum agnos
At the end. Expliciunt questiones naturales Adelardi Bachonien.
cere causas Me videat, quia sum lævis explanator earum, 4to, with
out other title. or the name of place or date, but printed in an
early-shaped Gothic type. There are two different editions an-
swering to this description, the one evidently a reprint of the other.
They are both in the British Museum.-Martene and Durand,
Thesaurus novus Anecdotorum. Tomus i. Lutet. Paris, 1717, fol.
col. 291. The preface to the Naturales Quæstiones.-Jourdain,
Recherches Critiques sur l'age et l'origine des Traductions Latines
d' Aristote, Paris. 1819, 8vo, pp. 194–197. The dedication and com-
mencement of Athelard's treatise De eodem et diverso.-Abbreviated
from Wrights Bing. Brit. Lit.
Atherley, E. G. A Treatise on the Law of Mar-
riage and other Family Settlements, Lon., 1813.
“An able and excellent treatise.”—CHANCELLOR KENT,
Atherstone, Edwin, a poet of uncommon merit,
author of the Last Days of Herculaneum; and Abradates
and Panthea, Lon., 1821. These poems have been praised
by high authority for
"Power and vigour, splendid diction, and truly poetic feeling,
78
ATH
ATK
.. The style often resembles Thomson's, and in some places we
might instance imitations of that poet, as well as of Akenside."-
London Literary Gazelle.
The Fall of Nineveh; a Poem.
"The fall of the Assyrian Empire is a subject worthy of the
historical epic; and Mr. Atherstone has genius to insure its treat-
ment in a grand and striking manner."
Sea Kings in England, a Romance, 3 vols.
Atherton. Christian Physican, Lon., 1683.
Atherton, W. An Elementary and Practical Trea-
tise on the Commencement of Personal Actions, &c.,
Lon., 1833.
"This is a very useful guide on the commencement of personal
actions. The work is well executed. and the authentic and prac-
tical forms diligently collected."—Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Atkens, John. Surgical Works, Lon., 1723-58.
Atkey, A. A Sermon on Jer. xii. 1, 1732.
Atkins. Essay on Spirituous Liquors, Lon., 1803.
Atkins, H. On the Trinity Bill, 1813.
Atkins, J. The Ascension; a Poem, Lon., 1780.
Treatise on the Horizontal Sun and Moon, Lon., 1793.
Atkins, John. Sermon on Heb. xii. 1-10, Lon., 1624.
Atkins, John. A Meteorol. Journal for 1782.
Atkins, John. Relation of a Voyage to Guiana,
Brazil, and the W. Indies, Lon., 1737.
"This volume, which chiefly consists of the personal adventures
of the author, will, however, afford some insight into the manners
and habits of the people."-LOWNDES.
Atkins, Robt. Six Sermons on the Sin and Danger
of Popery, 1712. A Farewell Sermon, 1715.
Atkins, Robt. A Comp. History of the Israelites,
Lon., 1810.
Atkins, Saml. Sermon on Ps. xxvii. 13, 1703.
Atkins, Wm. A Discourse on the Gout, Lon., 1694.
Atkinson and Clarke. Naval Pocket Gunner, 1814.
Atkinson. Med. Contrib. to Phil. Trans., 1722–25.
Atkinson, B. A.
B. A. Sermons, pub. 1734-37.
Atkinson, Chris. Theolog. Treatises, Lon., 1653-54.
Atkinson, Chris. Address to the Public, 1783.
Atkinson,
Geo. A Practical Treatise on Sheriff
Law, Lon., 1839.
"This book is said to be an unequal performance, some parts of
It being written very carefully, and others very carelessly. It has
the reputation, however, upon the whole, of being a useful and
convenient book."-Marvin's Leg. Bibl.
Treatise on the Shipping Laws of the British Empire, Svo.
Atkinson, Henry, Sermons, Doctrinal and Practi-
cal, Lon., 1822.
Atkinson, Henry. 1786?-1831, a mathematician,
contributed to the Ladies' and Gentlemen's Diaries, the
Royal Astron. Society's Transactions, (vol. ii.,) and was
mathematical editor of the Newcastle Magazine.
Atkinson, Jas. Rodolphus; a Poet. Romance,
Edin., 1701.
Atkinson, Jas. The Necessity of Preaching the
Gospel in Gospel Language, Newc.-upon-Tyne, 1729.
Atkinson, Jas. Account of the State of Agricul-
ture and Grazing in New South Wales, Lon., 1827.
Atkinson, Jas. Med. Bibliography, vol. i. royal Svo.
"We have never encountered so singular and remarkable a
book. It unites the German research of a Plouquet with the ray-
ings of Rabelais,-the humour of Sterne with the satire of Demo-
critus, the learning of Burton with the wit of Pindar.”—Dr.
Johnson's Review.
J
"In Mr. Atkinson, I have found a gentleman, and a mau of
varied talent, ardent and active, and of the most overflowing
goodness of heart. In his retirement from an honourable profes-
sion, (Medicine and Surgery.) he knows not what the slightest
approximation to ennui is. The heartiest of all the octogenarians
I ever saw, he scorns a stretch. and abhors a gape. It is up and
be doing' with him from sunrise to sunset. His library is suffo
cated with Koburgers. Frobens, the Ascensii, and the Stephens."
-Dibdin's Northern Tour.
Atkinson, Jasper. A Letter rel. to the Bullion
Coin, Lon., 1811.
“Mr. Atkinson seems adequately impressed with a sense of the
evils of war."—Lon. Monthly Review,
Atkinson, John. Tariff at Elsingoer, Glasg., 1770.
Atkinson, John. The Holy Scriptures the Word of
God. Two sermons, Heb. i. 1, 2, Lon., 1731.
Atkinson, John. Compendium of the Ornithology
of Great Britain, Lon., 1820.
"As a neat and commodious text-book, we would recommend
this unpretending, but respectable, volume to all who are desirous
of entering on the study of British Ornithology."-Lon. Monthly
Review.
Atkinson, John Augustus, and Jas. Walker.
A Picturesque Representation of the Manners of the
Russians, Lon., 1803-05, or 1812, pub. at £15 158., 3 vols.
imp. fol. Pic. Rep. Costumes of Great Britain, 1807, pub.
at £15 158., 3 vols. folio.
Atkinson, M. The Necessity of National Reforma-
tion; a Sermon on 2 Chron. xii. 7, 1779.
1
Atkinson, S. 1. Practical Points in Conveyancing
from the MSS. of Butler, Preston, and Bradley, Lon.,
1829. 2. Common Forms and Precedents in Conveyanc-
ing, &c., Lon., 1829. 3. Acts relating to the Law of Real
Property passed in the 3 and 4 W. IV. &c.. Lon.. 1833.
4. Sir E. B. Sugden's Acts, Lon., 1830. 5. The Convey-
ancer's Manual, Lon., 1830. 6. Essay on Marketable
Titles, &c., Lon., 1833. 7. The Theory and Practice of
Conveyancing, comprising the Law of Real Property, 2d
ed., 2 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1841.
"This is an excellent work, evincing considerable industry and
learning in the author, and is written in a perspicuous and logical
style."
8. Practice of the Court of Chancery, Lon., 1842.
"This is a brief, convenient, and useful, practical work.”.
MARVIN,
C
"We must not deny Mr. Atkinson the credit of having brought
together much of the learning, and many useful observations, ap-
plicable to the subject he has treated of" See No. 6.
Atkinson, Thos., d. 1639, of St. John's Coll., Oxf.
"I have seen of his compositions as Andrei Melvini Anti-Tami
cunicategoria, written in Sapphics, and Melvinus delirans, in
Iambics."-WOOD.
"To which may be added that there is in the Harleian Library
of Manuscripts. in the British Museum. a Latin tragedy by this
author, entitled Homo, which is dedicated to Laud. then the Pre-
sident of St. John's College. afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury.
The MSS. is numbered 6925."-Rose's Biog. Dict.
Atkinson, Thos. Poet. and other works, 1791-99.
Atkinson, Thomas Witlam. 1. Gothic Ornaments
of English Cathedrals, Lon., imp. 4to. 2. Oriental and
Western Siberia, Lon., 1857, r. Svo; N. York, 1858, 8vo.
Highly commended by the Lon. Athenæum, 1857, 1477,
Lon. Examiner, and other authorities.
Atkinson, Wm. Poetical Essays, Lon., 1789.
Atkinson, Wm. Picturesque Views of Cottages, 1805
Atkyns, or Atkins, John, pub. An Account of a
Voyage in a Cruise against African Pirates, and his Tra-
vels, Lon., 1735.
Atkyns, John Tracy. Reports of Cases argued
and determined in the High Court of Chancery in the
time of Lord Hardwicke, from 1737 to 1754. 3d ed., re-
vised and corrected with notes and references by F. W.
Saunders.
Lord Hardwicke's decisions at this day, and in our own courts,
authority than these of any other judge: and the best editions
do undoubtedly carry with them a more commanding weight of
of the elder Vesey and Atkyns will continue to fix the attention
and study of succeeding ages."
For an extended examination of the imputed merits
and demerits of these reports, concerning which there has
been such a variety of opinion, see that useful work,
Marvin's Legal Bibliography.
Mr. Saunders, the editor of the 3d edition, remarks:
“The editor must take this opportunity, however, of observing
that he has frequently experienced his researches in the Register's
Books anticipated in the previous labours of Mr. Atkyns.”
Atkyns, Richard, 1615?-1677, of Baliol Coll.. Oxf.,
pub. a work on the Original and Growth of Printing in
England, collected out of History and the Records of this
Kingdom; wherein is also demonstrated, that printing
appertaineth to the prerogative royal, and is a flower of
the crown of England, Lon., 1664.
¡
The object of this work was to give the right and title
of printing to the Crown, and by that means to ascertain
the validity of the patents which had been granted by the
Crown. Atkyns endeavours to rob Caxton of the credit
of having introduced printing into England, which he
ascribes to Frederick Corsellis. Atkyns was an interested
disputant, being a patentee under the Crown for printing,
and at issue with the Stationers' Company on this point.
We have no space for a review of Atkyns's argument,
or rather assumption; and we regret this the less as Dr.
Middleton and others have settled the question in favour
ot Caxton.
"Atkyns, who, by his manner of writing, seems to have been
a bold and vain man, might possibly be the inventor: for he had
an interest in imposing upon the world.”—DR. MIDDLETON,
But charity forbids our entertaining this suspicion.
Wood gives him a good character:,
He was an ingenious and observing man, and saw the rarity
of this world sooner than others, though of elder years, which
fitted him the better for another."
He also pub. A Vindication, &c., to which is added his
Sighs and Ejaculations, 1669.
Atkyns, Sir Robt., 1621-1709, Lord Chief Baron of
the Exchequer temp. William III., was the son of Sir Ed-
ward Atkyns, a baron of the Exchequer. For nearly 200
years there was always one of this family filling a judicial
station in the kingdom. He was sent to Baliol Coll. Oxf.;
from thence removed to Lincoln's Inn, and “applied him-
self very el sely to the study of the law." He was knighted
79
ATK
ATT
in 1661, and 1672 sworn a judge of the Court of Common Our author, always willing to lend a hand in a contest,
Pleas. In April, 1689, he was appointed by William III. composed for Dr. Sacheverell a great portion of the speech
Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and on the 19th Oct. in delivered by him at his trial. In 1713 Atterbury was
the same year was made speaker of the House of Lords, raised to the see of Rochester, with the deanery of West-
from which post he retired in 1692. Two years later he minster in commendam. It has been thought that the pri
resigned his seat in the Exchequer, and spent the remain-macy would not have been above his reach, had not the
ing fifteen years of his life in retirement, at his seat at Queen's death, in 1714, interposed an effectual bar to all
Sapperton, in Gloucestershire. His principal works were his prospects of advancement. The present prosperity,
An Inquiry into the Power of Dispensing with Penal and hopes for the future, of Atterbury, and the political
Laws, Lon., 1689; The Power of Jurisdiction and Privi- party to which he was attached, were buried with Queen
lege of Parliament, and the Antiquity of the House of Anne. There had been some talk among the ministers of
Commons Assured, Lon., 1689; The True and Ancient proclaiming the Pretender upon the death of the Queen,
Jurisdiction of the House of Peers, Lon., 1699; Enquiry and Atterbury is said (upon doubtful authority) to have
into the Jurisdiction of the Chancery, in Causes of Equity, offered to proclaim the Pretender in his lawn sleeves at
Lon., 1695. He pub. two pamphlets in defence of Lord Charing Cross, and to have declared-while Bolingbroke
Russel's innocency, 1689. When applied to for his advice and Ormond were protesting-"Never was better cause
in the case of Lord William Russel, he freely gave it, and lost for want of spirit." George I. naturally regarded At-
pronounced the following memorable declaration, for which terbury with distrust, and in 1722 there was thought suf-
he is entitled to the thanks of all friends of constitutional ficient grounds to authorize his arrest and committal to
liberty:
the Tower on a charge of high treason. How far this
charge was justifiable by the facts will perhaps always
remain a matter of uncertainty. On the 16th of May, 1722,
he was condemned to the "deprivation of all his offices
excited great admiration for the boldness and eloquence
and benefices, and to suffer perpetual exile." His defence
by which it was distinguished. On going ashore at Ca-
lais, he was informed that Lord Bolingbroke-who, after
the rising of parliament, had received the king's pardon-
whereupon he is reputed to have observed, with an air of
was arrived at the same place on his return to England,
pleasantry," Then I am exchanged." Abroad he was ac-
tive in behalf of the Pretender, which gives good grounds
for the belief that he was not hardly dealt with in the
sentence of exile.
Atterbury died at Paris, Feb. 15th,
1731-2, in the 70th year of his age. His favourite daugh-
ter, Mrs. Morice, visited him in Paris, 1729, she being theu
in a decline, and only survived the voyage twenty-four
hours. Pope (who was warmly attached to the bishop)
has recorded this affecting incident in the following lines:
SHE: "Yes, we have lived,-one pang and then we part!
May Heaven, dear father, now have all thy heart!
Yet, ah! how much we loved, remember still,
Till you are dust like me.”
"There is, nor ought to be, no such thing as constructive treason;
it defeats the very scope and design of the statute of the 25th of
Edward III., which is to make a plain declaration what shall be
adjudged treason by the ordinary courts of justice."
Atkyns, Sir Robt., 1647-1711, son of the preceding,
is chiefly known by his work entitled The Antient and Pre-
sent State of Glostershire, "a large folio volume, beauti-
fully printed" in 1712, the year after Sir Robert's decense.
Dr. Parsons, a former chancellor of the diocese, had been
at great pains and trouble to collect the materials for a
history of the county, but was prevented by ill health
from completing his design. Atkyns had the advantage,
of his valuable collection.
"It was very expensive to the undertaker, who printed it in a
pompous manner, adorning it with variety of views and prospects
of the seats of the gentry and nobility, with their arms.” "It
were to be wished that more authorities had been given and the
charters and grants published in the original language."-GOUGH.
The transcripts of all these were collected by Parsons.
On the night of Jan. 29-30, 1712-13, a fire took place at
Mr. Bowyer's printing office, and
"Among the articles which perished by this sudden and awful
visitation was by far the greater number of Sir Robert Atkyns' valu-
able History of Gloucestershire;' a few copies only of it having
been snatched from the flames, of which they still retain indelible
marks.”—Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. i.
،
!
"Dear shade. I will!
Then mix this dust with thine, O spotless ghost!
Oh more than fortune, friends, or country lost!
Is there on earth one care, one wish beside?
Yes! Save my country. Heav'n! he said, and died!”
versial character. His publications commence with the
Atterbury's writings were almost entirely of a contro-
Absalom and Ahithophel, trans. into Latin verse 1682, and
conclude with a belligerent title, in The Voice of the people
no voice of God, 1710. The Memoirs of his Life. and
Conduct, were pub. in 1723. Four volumes of his Sermons
in 1740. His Epistolary Correspondence, &c., by J. Nichols,
Miscellaneous Works with Historical Notes, by J. Nichols,
Svo. 4 vols., in 1783. Private Correspondence in 1768.
5 vols. Three vols. containing Sermons, Discourses, and
Letters, have been since republished, 1789-98.
Atmore, C. Chandler's Hist. of the Persecution, 1813.
Atterbury, English glee composer, the author of the
popular glee, "Come, let us all a Maying go," &c.
With Pope, Swift, and many of the principal literary
characters of his day, he was on terms of friendship, and
was held in great esteem by his associates, as a man of
great abilities and a skilful politician. We need hardly
of primitive episcopacy. There have been many brighter
say that we cannot consider him as a fitting representative
illustrations of the true character of a Christian bishop
than our bold, declamatory, and mettlesome prelate. L'ope
thus alludes to his friend when transferred, from the wonted
comforts and luxuries of his own halls, to the hospitalities
of the house of bondage:
In
Atterbury, Francis, 1662-1732, Bishop of Roches-
ter, was born at Milton Keynes, near Newport-Pagnell,
where his father, Dr. Lewis Atterbury, was rector.
1676 he was admitted a King's scholar at Westminster,
under Dr. Busby; in 1680 he was elected a student of
Christ Church, Oxford. His proficiency in the classics
soon brought him into considerable notice. In 1682 he
published a Latin version of Dryden's Absalom and Ahith-
ophel, and two years later edited some Latin poems by
Italian authors. In 1690 he married Miss Osborn, a lady
celebrated for her beauty-said to be a niece of the Duke
of Leeds. He took a considerable part in the famous con-
troversy respecting the authenticity of the Epistles of
Phalaris, in which battle Dr. Richard Bentley and the Hon.
Charles Boyle were the principal combatants. We know
from his own assertion that more than half of Boyle's
"Examination" was written by Atterbury: Dr. Smalridge
and others bearing a part in this unfortunate production.
(See BENTLEY, RICHARD; BOYLE, CHARLES.)
The Sermons of Atterbury attracted great attention
from the first, and soon gave rise to controversies which
we have merely time to refer to. Hoadley, Burnet, and
Wake, were no mean antagonists, but our champion seems
never to have been intimidated by numbers or awed by
the fear of names. See a list of works on both sides the
Convocation Controversy in the Biographia Britannica.
80
Mr. Herbert republished this work in 1768. Great part
of this second edition was also destroyed by fire. Dr. Du-
carel, in the preparation of his Repertory of Endowments
of Vicarages, drew for Gloucester principally from Atkyns
and the Worcester Register.
Atlay, Jos. Work on Distillery, Lon., 1794.
Atlee, Washington L., M.D., born Feb. 22d, 1808,
at Lancaster, Penn.; a distinguished lecturer and medical
writer. Prof. Atlee has rendered great service to the cause
of medicine in the United States, having contributed up-
wards of forty valuable papers to the principal Medical
Journals in the Union. He is also the author of thirteen
pamphlets, addresses, and lectures on Medicine, Chemistry,
Botany, &c.
IIE:
“How pleasing Atterbury's softer hour!
How shined his soul unconquered in the Tower!"
Epilogue to the St. Dialogue.
Swift, in an imaginary dialogue between himself and
Stella, speaks of a dean to be discovered by Stella's inge-
nuity:
66
good pleasant man." Aye, the same.” "Cunning enough."
"A little black man of pretty near fifty." "The same." "A
Yes." C One that understands his own interest." As well as
any body." "A very good face. and abundance of wit. . . . I
mean Dr. Atterbury, Dean of Carlisle." See Rose's Biog. Dict.;
Cunningham's Biog. History of England.
"His person, it is to be confessed. is no small recommendation,
and adding propriety of speech-which might pass the criticism of
but he is to be highly commended for not losing that advantage,
Longinus-an action which would have been approved by Demos
thenes. He never attempts your passions till he has convinced
your reason.”—A writer in the Tutler.
Smalridge styles him
"Vir in nullo literarum genere hospes, in plerisque artibus e
disciplinis perfectissimus."
studiis duo et feliciter exercitatus, in maxime perfectis literaruin
ATT
AUB
"Atterbury was, on the whole, rather a man of ability than a
genius. He writes more with elegance and correctness, than with
force of thinking or reasoning. Ilis letters to Pope are too much
crowded with very trite quotations from the classics."—WARTON.
Dr. Warburton had a mean opinion of his critical abili-
ties, and of his Discourse on the Iapis of Virgil.
"A very learned correspondence took place between Bishops
Potter and Atterbury respecting the times in which the Four Gos-
pels were written; which is preserved in the Epistolary Corres-
pondence of Atterbury.”—Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
"Ilis controversial writings are brilliant, but shallow; his criti-
cisms evince more taste and fancy than erudition; and his trans-
lations from IIorace, have, as it is now generally admitted, obtained
greater praise than they merit. His sermons, however, it must be
confessed, are clear, forcible, and, though never sublime, occasion-
ally eloquent and pathetic; and his letters, on which his fame as
a writer, must principally depend, are superior even to those of
Pope."-Georgian Eró.
"Atterbury was nothing more nor less than a Jacobite priest:
his writings were extolled by that faction; but his letter on Cla-
rendon's History is truly excellent.”—HORace Walpole.
"Sir John Pringle had expressed a wish that I would ask Dr.
Johnson's opinion what were the best English sermons for style.
I took an opportunity to day of mentioning several to him.
terbury? JOHNSON: Yes, sir, one of the best.”—Boswell's Johnson,
With reference to the mention of Atterbury's letters, read
his very affecting epistle to Pope, when the bishop was
about embarking for a foreign shore; an exile, in adver-
sity and disgrace! His influence over Pope must have
been great, as the following instances prove:
I had flung all my learning into the Deucalion in my Epic
Poem, as indeed Milton has done too much in his Paradise Lost.
The Bishop of Rochester advised me to burn it: I saw his advice
was well grounded, and followed it, though not without some re
gret. Again: I wrote four, books towards it, [Alcander, Prince of
Rhodes,] of about a thousand verses each; and had the copy by me
till I burnt it, by the advice of the Bishop of Rochester, a little
before he went abroad." See Spence's Anecilotes.
"He is the glory of our English orators. In his writings we see
language in its strictest purity and beauty. There is nothing
dark, nothing redundant, nothing obscure, nothing misplaced."
DR. DODDRidge.
Bickersteth commends The Rights and Powers and Pri-
vileges of an English Convocation, as “written with vigour
and perspicuity," but considers Archbishop Wake's answer
as "a full reply:" of his sermons he remarks, "A low tone
of divinity, in a polished style of writing."
"He was a polite writer. His Sermons probably owed most
of their fame, among his contemporaries. who have lavishly ap
plauded him, to his mode of delivery in the pulpit. for the Tatler
says it was such as would have been approved by Longinus and
Demosthenes.”—DR. KNOX.
In Sherlock and Atterbury are apparent the highest powers of
the mind, and the most unaffected eloquence."-Quarterly Review.
"Atterbury excels in purity of language, delicacy of thought,
and graceful allusions.”—DR. E. WILLIAMS.
"He was happy in a plain and intelligible way of expressing
himself, and therefore was the less careful of turning and smooth-
ing his periods."-YARDLEY.
Attersol, Wm. Commentary upon Philemon, Lon.,
1612. The New Covenant, 1614. Commentary upon
Numbers, 1618.
"A very full exposition; practical and evangelical."-BICKER-
STETIL.
tation of Bodies, which was very favourably received.
He pub. An Analysis of a course of Lectures on the Prin-
ciples of Natural Philosophy, in the same year. Disserta-
tion on Arches, 1801-5. He was a contributor to the Phil.
Trans., 1781-98.
Со
Three Treatises, upon Luke xiii. 1; xii. 1, and upon
Jonah iii. 4.
Atton. On Beautifying a Church; Serm. Mark iv. 9,
1767.
Atwell, George, of Cambridge, author of a Defense
of Astrology, Lon., 1660. The Faithful Surveyor, Camb.,
1662. Mr. Atwell is spoken of with respect by his illus-
trious contemporary, Sir Isaac Newton.
The latter years of his life were spent in much suffering, from
the infirmities brought on by intense application-by that worst
of all complaints, the literary malady. His powers of application
were very great, and his accuracy as a calculator never surpassed."
—Rose's Biog. Dict.
Atterbury, Lewis, 1631-1693, father of the preced-
ing, was entered at Christ Church, Oxf., in 1647.
"He submitted to the Authority of the visitors appointed by the
Parliament.”—Woop.
He pub. three Sermons, viz: 1. A Good Subject, on Prov.
xxiv. 21, 22, Lon., 1684. 2. The Ground of Christian
Feasts, Lon., 1685. 3. Babylon's Downfall, Lon., 1691.
Atterbury, Lewis, 1656-1731, eldest son of the pre-
ceding, was entered at Christ Church, Oxf., in 1674. He
pub. several sermons, 1687-1705; two treatises on the
Popish controversy, and translated from the French, Ma-
dame Valliere's Penitent Lady, 1684, and the Re-union
of Christians, 1708. Mr. Yardley pub. his Select Sermons
in 1743.
Atwell, Jos., d. 1768, “eminent for his learning and
piety," was a contributor to Phil. Trans., 1732–36.
Atwood, G. Serm. Death Prince of Wales, 1751.
Atwood, G. Review of Stat. and Ord. of Assize, 1801.
Atwood, Geo., 1745-1807, a mathematician of note,
and financial private secretary to Wm. Pitt, completed his
studies in Trinity Coll.. Camb., where he was afterwards a
Fellow and a tutor. He was an excellent lecturer, and
Mr. Pitt was one of his most attentive auditors. In 1784 ¦
he pub. his Treatise upon the Rectilinear Motion and Ro- !
Atwood, Thos. History of Dominica, Lon. 1791.
Observations relative to Negro Slaves in the Brit. W. 1.
Islands, Lon., 1790. Observations on Currency, Popula-
tion, and Pauperism, in two letters to A. Young, Esq., 1818.
Atwood, Thos., 1765-1838, an Eng. Mus. Composer
of note.
Atwood, Wm., published a number of Historical and
Antiquarian Treatises, Lon., 1680-1705. The best known
of his works is The Superiority and Direct Dominion of
Scotland, asserted against Sir Thomas Craig, in which he
the Crown of England over the Crown and Kingdom of
endeavoured to prove that the Kings of Scotland had done
homage and paid fealty for their kingdom to the Kings of
England as lords paramount; so distasteful was this doc-
trine to the parliament of Scotland, that they ordered the
offensive productica in which it was contained to be burned
by the common hangman, whilst Dr. Anderson, for his an-
swer to this alleged libel, under the title of An Historical
Essay, showing that the Crown and Kingdom of Scotland
is Imperial and Independent, received a vote of thanks from
the same august body. See ANDERSON, JAMES. Atwood
was Chief-Justice of New York, but fled in 1702.
-
Auale, Lemeke. A Commemoration or Dirge of
Bastarde Edmonde Boner, alias Sauage, vsurped Bisshoppe
of London. Compiled by Lemeke Auale, 1569.
"A most virulent piece of personal invective, written in the
Skeltonic measure, in which the descent of Bonner is pretended
Bindley's sale, £3 15s.
to be traced from a juggler, a cut-purse, and a Tom o Bedlam."
Auber, Peter, Secretary to the East India Co.
Analysis of the Constitution of the East India Company,
and of the laws passed by Parliament for the government
of their affairs at home and abroad, Lon., 1826.
“A valuable and useful publication."
Rise and Progress of the Brit. Power in India, 1837.
A valuable work, in the preparation of which the author en-
joyed access, from his position, to official materials of the most
important character."
Aubert, Alex.V., 1729-1805, President of the Society
of Antiquaries, contributed to Phil. Trans. 1769, 76, 83, 84.
Aubin, P. Life and Adven.of the Lady Lucy, Lon., 1726.
Aubrey, John, 1627-1697, an eminent antiquary and
naturalist, was entered a gentleman-commoner of Trinity
Coll., Oxf., in 1642. His Miscellanies" is a very curious
collection of remarks upon a variety of supernatural sub-
jects, such as Transportation in the Air, Day Fatality,
Local Fatality, Blows Invisible, Knockings, Impulses,
Converse with Angels and Spirits, &e.; pub. in 1696, and
often reprinted. He left a number of works in MS. His
Perambulation of the County of Surrey, with additions
appeared Letters written by eminent Persons in 17th and
of Dr. Rawlinson, 5 vols., was pub. 1719-25. In 1813,
18th Centuries, with Lives of Eminent Men, by John
Aubrey, 3 vols. Aubrey's Collection for Wilts was pub-
lished in 1821. Anthony Wood, who has drawn consider-
ably in his Athen. Oxon. from Aubrey's biographical MSS..
speaks highly of him in the second volume of his Fasti,
and in his History of the University of Oxford; but after
his quarrel with him, he gives him the character of
**
A shiftless person, roving and magotie-headed, and sometimes
little better than erased. And being exceedingly credulous, would
stuff his many letters sent to A. W. with fooleries and misinforma
tions, which sometimes would guide him into the paths of error."
Mr. Toland remarks of our author-
W
yet he was a very honest man, and most accurate in his account
"Though he was extremely superstitious, or seemed to be so,
of matters of fact. But the facts he knew, not the reflections he
made, were what I wanted."
"Whatever Wood, in a peevish humour, may have thought or
said of Mr. Aubrey, by whose labours he highly profited, or how-
ever fantastical Aubrey may have been on the subject of chemistry
or ghosts, his character for veracity has never been impeached;
and as a very diligent antiquary, his testimony is worthy of at-
tention."-MALONE.
It is worthy of observation that Wood's account of
Milton was literally transcribed from Aubrey's MS., who
was intimately acquainted with the great poet. Gifford
despatches Aubrey in his usual Jeffrey style:
Whoever expects a rational account of any fact, howevo
thought little, believed much, and confused every thing.”—Lij
trite, from Aubrey, will meet with disappointment. . . . Aubrey
of Ben. Jonson.
But Mr. Gifford is not infallible. Sir Richard Colt
6
81
AUB
"AUS
Hoare, whatever he "expected," was not "disappointed," | Almanack, 1802. Abridg't of Law's Unlawfulness of Stage
in finding_much valuable matter in Aubrey's MSS.; wit-
ness Sir Richard's excellent work on the Antiquities of
Wiltshire.
Plays.
Dr. Symmons has thought proper to take our author se-
verely to task after this fashion:
"What credit can be due to this Mr. Aubrey, who picked up in-
formation on the highway, and scattered it everywhere as authen-
tic? ... and who, making our young Shakspeare a butcher's
boy, could embrue his hands in the blood of calves, and repre-
sent him as exulting in poetry over the convulsions of the dying
animals?"
|
Audubon, John James, 1780-1851, an eminent
American Ornithologist, was the son of an admiral in the
French navy, who settled on à plantation in Louisiana.
After some attention to commercial pursuits, Mr. Audubon
concluded to follow the bent of his native taste, and devote
his time to ornithological investigations. He travelled for
a long time, collecting materials of the most valuable cha-
Now we cannot see that the gravamen of this indict-racter, which he was afterwards persuaded to give to the
ment, when sifted a little, amounts to any thing very for- world. Accordingly in 1826, he visited Europe, to pro-
midable. "Information on the highway" may be unex- cure subscribers for his "Birds of America." His recep-
ceptionably authentic; the Royal Psalmist deprecates the tion was most gratifying.
tion was most gratifying. Cuvier, Herschel, and IIum-
publicity of the "streets of Askelon," and we are assured boldt, Brewster, Wilson, Jeffrey, and Sir Walter Scott,
on the best authority that "Wisdom crieth without, and evinced a lively interest in his success. His great work
uttereth her voice in the streets :" the juvenile Wolsey, was completed in 87 parts, (1828, etc.,) elephant folio, con-
who certainly was possessed of no ordinary genius, doubt-taining 448 plates of birds of the natural size, beautifully
less had often "embrued his hands in the blood of calves," coloured, published at £182 148., ($1000.) This work em-
and Shakspeare senior was probably much better pleased braced 5 vols. fol. of engravings, and 5 vols. Svo of letter-
with his son's reciting poetry over the evidence of his in-press, the latter of which constitutes the American Orni-
dustry in aiding his father's labours, than he would have thological Biography. At the time of handing his first
been with his writing poetry, and leaving his parent to do drawings to the engraver, he had no subscribers, and his
all the work himself. As to the triumphal song, which so friends endeavoured to dissuade him from what they deemed
excites the doctor's ire, we submit that the accusation is a rash enterprise. But he was not to be deterred: "My heart
not established by the record: Aubrey says that "when was nerved, and my reliance upon that Power on whom
he killed a calfe, he would do it in a high style, and make a all must depend brought bright anticipations of success."
speech." Now what is there in this that proves the charge On the completion of this great undertaking, he writes,
of exultation? What is there that forbids the supposition "Once more surrounded by all the members of my dear family,
of an epicede, rather than a prean? And an epicede we
enjoying the countenance of numerous friends who have never
deserted me, and possessing a competent share of all that can ren-
contend it was, and challenge Dr. Symmons and the whole
der life agreeable, I look up with gratitude to the Supreme Being
Society of Antiquaries at his back, to disprove our allega- and feel that I am happy." See Griswold's Prose Writers of Am.
tion. Moreover, does not Maister Aubrey tell us that our New ed. of the Birds of America, 7 vols. imp. Svo, 1844,
great bard was not only "a handsome, well-shaped man," 500 plates, being a reduced ed. of the larger work.
but also "verie good company, and of a very ready and plea-
sant and smooth witt!" But to be serious, we might find
graver faults with Dr. Symmons's Life of Shakspeare than
he can with "Maister Aubrey's" "information." We do
not pretend to insist upon the infallibility of Aubrey, but
it struck us as barely possible that living as he did with
the contemporaries of Shakspeare, he might happen to
know as much of his history as Dr. Symmons, and others,
who favoured the world with their narrations some two
centuries later.
|
Quadrupeds of North America, 3 vols. double medium
folio, 150 plates, and 3 vols. Svo, letter-press. The draw-
ings were made by Mr. Audubon and his sons Victor Gif-
ford and John Woodhouse. Same work reduced, 3 vols.
8vo, 155 plates, 1853: the letter-press was prepared princi-
pally by Mr. A.'s friend, Rev. Dr. Bachman, of S. Carolina.
..
When the celebrated Buffon had completed the ornithological
portion of his great work on natural history, he announced with
unhesitating assurance, that he had finished the history of thạ
birds of the world.' Twenty centuries had served for the dis-
covery of only eight hundred species, but this number seemed
immense, and the short-sighted naturalist declared that the list
would admit of no material augmentation, which embraced
hardly a sixteenth of those now known to exist. To this asto
tributed more than Audubon, by his magnificent painting and
nishing advance of the science of ornithology, no one has con-
fascinating history.... Ile has indisputable claims to a respect
able rank as a man of letters. Some of his written pictures of
birds, so graceful, clearly defined, and brilliantly coloured, are
scarcely inferior to the productions of his pencil. His powers of
general description are also remarkable."-GRISWOLD.
|
Aubry, M. Oxonii Dux Poeticus, &c., Oxon. 1795. A
poet. trans. entitled, The Beauties of Oxford, by W. Wills.
Aubrey, or Awbrey, William, 1529-1595, was
elected Fellow of All Souls Coll., Oxf., in 1547, and Regius
Professor of Civil Law, in 1553. His writings remain in
manuscript, with the exception of some letters pub. in
Strype's Life of Grindal.
•
A person he was of exquisite learning and singular prudence,
and therefore mentioned with honour by Thuanus and others.
He wrote several Letters to his cousin, Dr. John Dee, concern-
ing the sovereignty of the seas, some of which I have seen."-Wood.
He also wrote something respecting the reformation of
the Court of Arches, in 1576. One of his descendants re-
marks,
"He engrossed all the wit of the family, so that none descended
from him can pretend to any."
Auchincloss, J., D. D., wrote an answer to that
miserable tissue of ignorance, folly, and profanity, Paine's
Age of Reason: The Sophistry of the first part of Paine's
Age of Reason, or a Rational Vindication of the Holy
Scriptures, as a Positive Revelation from God, with the
causes of Deism; in three sermons, Lon., 1796. See WAT-
SON, RICHARD.
Auchinleck, Hugh B. A Dissertation upon the
Chron. of the Judges of Israel; Trans. Irish Acad., 1809.
Auchmuty, Robt., d. 1750, of a Scottish family,
settled in Boston, where he was appointed Judge of the
Court of Admiralty in 1703, and again in 1733. He wrote
The Importance of Cape Breton to the British Nation, (with
a plan of taking the place,) Lon., 1745.
Auckland, Wm. Eden, Lord, d. 1814, a diploma-
tist of note, pub. a number of works on Political Economy
and general politics. The Principles of Penal Law, Lon.,
1771. On the Population of England, in answer to Dr.
Price, 1786. History of New Holland, 1787. Remarks on
the Apparent Circumstances of the War, in Oct., 1795, etc.
Audley, Lady Eleanor. Strange and Wonderfull
Prophecies, Lon., 1649; and other tracts.
|
Audley, J. A Sermon on Harvest.
Audley, Jas. Lord, Earl of Castlehaven. Me-
moirs of his Engagement, &c. in the Wars of Ireland, from
1612 to 1651, Lon., 1680.
Audley, John, of Cambridge. A Companion to the
82
Audley, Matt. Christ. Moderation and Peace 1705.
Audley, Matt. Sermons pub. 1739-75.
6
-
These are works with which critics have not much to do; or
with respect to which, they can only discharge that part of their
duty which is generally thought to give the least pleasure-wo
mean praise. No one can see these splendid drawings, and com-
pare them with the ordinary illustrations of natural history, in
which animals appear as spiritless as if they had been sitting for
their portraits, without admiring his taste and skill.... If Mr.
Audubon had contented himself with Liunean descriptions, he
would have had the honour of discovering more birds than
readers."—N. American Review.
"The hearts of all warmed towards Audubon who were capable
of conceiving the difficulties, dangers, and sacrifices, that must
have been encountered, endured, and overcome, before genius
umphs.... The man himself is just what you would expect from
could have embodied these, the glory of its innumerable tri-
his production; full of fine enthusiasm, and intelligence, most in-
teresting in his looks and manners, a perfect gentleman, and
esteemed by all who know him for the simplicity and frankness
of his nature. He is the greatest artist in his own walk that ever
lived."-PROFESSOR WILSON,
“Audubon's works are the most splendid monuments which ar
has erected in honour of ornithology."-CuVIER.
Auerell, Wm. A wonderfull and straunge Newes,
Lon., 1583. A maruailous Combat of Contrarieties, 1588.
Four notable Histories, 1590.
Aungell, Jno. The Agreement of the holye Fathers
and Doctors of the Churche vpon the chiefest Religion,
Lon., 1555; dedicated to "Q. Marye, wyfe to Phillip."
Aungerville. See RICHARD DE BURY.
Aurelius, Abr. Liber Jobi Poetica Metaphrasis Ex-
plicatus, Lon., 1632. Epithalamium in Nuptias Frederici
V. et Eliz. Jacobi, Regis, Filiæ, Lon., 1634.
Austen. The Loiterer: a Period. Work, Oxf., 1789-90.
Austen, Jane, 1775-1817, was a native of Steventon,
in Hampshire, of which place her father was rector for 40
years. Her novels are held in high estimation.
Sho
wrote Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mans-
field Park, Emma, Northanger Abbey, and Persuasion.
AUS
AWD
the last two were posthumous; the first four were pub. | the satyrical wits of this university, who, having easily got some
anonymously.
of his prose and poetry, served him as the wits did Tho. Coryate
in his time, and published them under these titles, Naps upon
Parnassus. A Sleepy Muse Wipt and Pincht, though not Awak
ened, &c., Lon., 165S, Oct. Characters-printed with the former.
Both which were ushered into the world by more than twenty
"Ferrier and Austen have given portraits of real society far su-
perior to any thing vain man has produced of the like nature.
.. I read again, and, for the third time, Miss Austen's very
finely written novel of Pride and Prejudice. That young lady
had a talent for describing the involvements, feelings, and cha-copies of verses (advantaging the sale of the book) by such that
racters of ordinary life, which is to me the most wonderful I have had the name of, or at least pretended to be, poets."
ever met with. The big bow-wow I can do myself like any one
going; but the exquisite touch, which renders common-place
things and characters interesting from the truth of the descrip-
tion, and the sentiment, is denied to me. What a pity so gifted a
creature died so early !”—Sir Walter Scoll's Diary.
"A Panegyric on K. Ch. I.. Lon., 1661, Oct., wherein, just after
the preface, he promised to publish some poems, conditionally the
same Paneg. took, the subjects of which are there set down. But
what prevented him, unless death, which happened about the
plague year in 1657, I cannot tell."
+
Her works may be safely recommended, not only as among
the most unexceptionable of their class, but as combining, in an
eminent degree, instruction with amusement, though without the
direct effort at the former, of which we have complained as some-
times defeating its object. For those who cannot or will not learn.
any thing from productions of this kind, she has provided enter-
tainment which entitles her to thanks; for mere innocent amuse-
ment is in itself a good, when it interferes with no greater, especi-
ally as it may occupy the place of some other that may not be in-
nocent. The Eastern monarch, who proclaimed a reward to him
who should discover a new pleasure, would have deserved well of
mankind had he stipulated that it should be blameless. Those,
again, who delight in the study of human nature, may improve
in the knowledge of it, and in the profitable application of that
knowledge, by the perusal of such fictions as those before us.”—
ARCHBISHOP WHATELY: Quarterly Review, 1821.
Austen, Ralph, d. 1676. Treatise of Fruit Trees,
&c., and the Spiritual use of an Orchard, or Garden of
Fruit Trees, set forth in divers similitudes, Oxf., 1673,
commended by the Hon. Robt. Boyle. Dialogue, &c.. be-
tween the Husb'n and Fruit Trees in his Nurseries, 1676.
Anstin, Adam. On Electricity; Ess. Phys. and Lit.
Austin, Benj. Work on the Trinity, Lon., 1650.
Austin, Benj., 1752-1820, a violent democratic
writer of Boston, U. S. America. His political writings,
pub. in the Chronicle, under the signature of Old South,"
were collected in a vol. 1803, under the title of "Consti-
tutional Republicanism."
Austin, Gilbert. Sermon, Dub., 1791. Chironomica,
Lon., 1806. Con. on Natural Philosophy to Phil. Trans.
and Trans. Irish Acad.
Austin, James Trecothie, b. 1784, Boston.
Life
of his father-in-law, Elbridge Gerry, with contemporary
letters to the close of the American Revolution, Bost., 1828,
8vo. Numerous addresses, discourses, &c.
Austin, John, d. 1669, a writer of the time of the
Commonwealth. The Christian Moderator, or Persecution
for Religion condemned by Wm. Birchley, Lon., 1651.
"In this the author frequently attacks the doctrine of the
pope's deposing power."-C. BUTLER.
Among other works he pub. an Answer to Tillotson's
Rule of Faith.
The style of Professor Austin's Treatise is so condensed as to
defy a just abridgment."
"We should find it difficult to name any one book from which
we learnt so much, as from that-Mr. Austin's Province of Juris-
prudence Determined."-Lon. Jurist.
Austin, Rev. John Mather, b. 1805, N. Y. Voice
to Youth. Voice to the Married. Sunday-School Expo-
sition. Life of John Quincy Adams, &c.
Austin, Jonathan Loring, 1748-1826, b. in Bos-
ton. Life of Elbridge Gerry, his father-in-law, Svo. Con-
tributed to the Christian Examiner and other journals.
Austin, Samuel, the elder, b. 1606, entered Exeter
Coll., Oxf., in 1623. Whilst at college he pub. Austin's
Urania, or the Heavenly Muse, in a poem, full of Medita-
tions, for the Comfort of all Souls at all Times, Lon., 1629.
Austin, Samuel, the younger, 1636-1665?, son of
the preceding, entered Wadham Coll., Oxf., in 1652.
Wood deals him no gentle blow in his account of his
father, where he says,
"He had a son of both his names. (a conceited coxcomb.) who
endeavoured to Patrizaire, but through his exceeding vanity and
folly he was made use of, as another Tho. Coryate, by certain poets
of Oxon. in their respective copies of verses set before his Naps on
Parnassus, &c., printed 1658, as I shall tell you in my other
Volume of Writers.”
Austin, Samuel, 1760-1830, President of the Uni-
versity of Vermont, was successively settled as minister
at Fairhaven, Conn., and Worcester, Mass.
Theological Essays; Letters on Baptism, &c., pub. 1805-12
His most important works are: View of the Church;
Austin, Mrs. Sarah, b. about the cominencement of
the present century, belonging to the celebrated Taylor
family of Norwich, Eng., and wife of John Austin, bar-
rister of London. She occupies a deservedly high position
as "having introduced the finest types of the German
mind to the knowledge and appreciation of the English
reader." 1. Characteristics of Goethe, 1833, 3 vols. Svo.
2. Collection of Fragments from the German Prose Writers,
illustrated with Biographical Notes. 3. Considerations on
National Education, 12mo. 4. Sketches of Germany from
1760 to 1814, p. 8vo.
edits.
5. Story without an End; several
6. Selections from the Old Testament, 12mo.
Letters on Girls' Schools, 12mo. Ranke's History of the
Reformation in Germany. Ranke's History of the Popes.
7.
"Of this translation we need only say that it is such as might
be expected from the skill, the taste, and the scrupulous integrity
of the accomplished lady who, as an interpreter between the
mind of Germany and the mind of Britain, has already deserved
so well of both countries."-T. B. MACAULAY: Edin. Rev., 1840.
Austin, Wm., M.D., d. 1793. A Treatise on the
Austin, John. Con. to Trans. Soc. Arts, 1806.
Austin, John. The Province of Jurisprudence De- Stone. Lon., 1791, (reviewed by Dr. Murray Forbes.) Con
termined, Lon., 1832.
to Phil. Trans., 1788-90.
|
"This is acknowledged to be one of the most valuable contribu-
tions to the philosophy of Law and Legislation that has been pro-
duced in modern times, and entitles the author to rank with
Hooker and Montesquieu. Jeremy Bentham, in his Principles of
Morals and Legislation, has in part occupied the same field, but
his work falls far below the one under consideration."-Marvin's
Legal Bibl.
Anthony keeps his promise, and when he reaches our un-
fortunate poet, he again administers unsparing castigation:
"Such was the vanity of this person, that he, being extremely
conceited of his own worth, and over-valuing his poetical fancy,
more than that of Cleveland, who was then accounted by the
Bravadoes the Hectoring Prince of Poets, fell into the hands of
Austin, Wm., of Lincoln's Inn. Devotionis Augus-
tinianæ Flamma, or Devout, Godly, and Learned Medita-
tions, Lon., 1635.
"This work gives us a favourable idea of the piety of the author."
Hæc Homo, or the Excellency of the Creation of Wo-
man, Lon., 1637.
•
Taken in some degree from Agrippa de Nobilitate et Præcel-
lentia Fæminei Sextus.”
..
· He was a friend of James Howell, to whom he communicated
a poem which he had written on the Passion of Christ, and other
poems, which Howell strongly urged him to publish, in a letter
written in 1628.”
Austin, Wm., has been supposed to be the son of the
preceding. Atlas under Olympus, 1664. The Anatomy
of the Pestilence, 1666.
Austin, Wm. An Exam. of the First Six Books of
Euclid's Elements, Oxf., 1781.
Austin, Wm., 1778-1841, lawyer of Mass., grad.
Harvard Coll., 1798. 1. Oration on the Anniversary of the
Battle of Bunker's Hill, Charlestown, 1801; 2d ed. 2.
Letters from London, written during the Years 1802-03,
Bost., 1804, Svo. 3. Essay on the Human Character of
Jesus Christ, 1807. 4. Peter Rugg, the Missing Man.
Auther, John. Divine Poems on Various Subjects.
Auvergne, E. D'. See D'Auvergne.
Avenant, D'. See DAVENANT.
Avery, Benj. Sermon on Micah vi. 5, 1773.
Avesbury, Robt. de, d. 1356, an early English his-
torian. He styles himself Register of the Archbishop of
Canterbury's Court. Roberti de Avesbury Historia de Mira-
bilibus Gestis Edwardi III. hactenus inedita è Th. Hearne,
Oxon., 1720. Appendicem etiam subvexuit in qua inter
alia continentur. Letters of King Henry VIII. to Anne Bo.
leyn. Avesbury's history comes down no farther than 1356.
In this work we have a plain narrative of facts, with an appa-
rent candour and impartiality; but his chief excellence lies in his
accuracy in point of dates, and his stating all public actions from
records, rather than from his own notions.' -CHALMERS.
-
"
Avison, Chas., 1710-1770, an ingenious English
musician. An Essay on Musical Expression, Lon., 1751.
An amusing and ingenious performance, written with a view
of exalting Geminiani, Marcello, and Rameau, at the expense of
Handel. Shortly after appeared Remarks, (by Hayes,) to which
Avison replied."-LOWNDES.
侮辱
​Awbrey, Tim. Sermons, pub. 1715-31.
Awdeley, John, a printer of some note between the
years 1559-1580, "appears to have been an author of se-
veral productions, serious ballads, and short moral pieces.
1562.
An Epitatho upon the Death of Mayster John Viron,
thou shalt never Sinne,' 1569. The Cruel Assault of God's
A Poem upon Eccl. xx., 'Remember death, and
Fort;' without date. Some
Some original stanzas before Gre. ›
83
AWS
AYS
gory Scott's Brief Treatise against certayne Errors, 1571."
-Rose's Biog. Dict.
Awsiter, John, M.D. Prof. Works, Lon., 1763-69.
Axferd, John. Coins, Weights, and Measures of
the Bible.
Ayckbourn, Hubert. The New Chancery Practice;
a condensed Treatise of the Practice of the Court of Chan-
cery, as altered by the recent statutes and orders;
2d ed.
In connexion with T. Ayckbourn, Chancery Practice;
5th ed., 1855, 12mo. Forms of Proceedings in Chancery,
12mo; 5th ed., 1855.
Ayerigg, Benj. Wedding Sermon, 1 Cor. vii. 20, 1715.
Ayers, Ph. The Fortunate Fool.
Ayerst, Wm. The Duty and Motives of Praying for
Peace. Ps. cxxii. 6-9, 1712.
Aylesbury, Thomas. Sermons, pub. 1622–59.
Aylesbury, Wm. Trans. into English, Davila's His-
tory of the Civil Wars of France.
The king [Charles I.] was pleased to command him to translate
Davila's History, (he being a perfect master of the Italian lan-
guaze.) which he did with the assistance of his constant friend, Sir
Charles Cotterel."
Aylmer, John. Musa Saema: sen Jonas, Jeremiæ,
Threni, et Daniæ, Græco reddita, carmine, Oxon., 1652.
Aylmer, Justin. Assize Sermon: 1 Pet. ii. 7, 1704.
tion Sermon, on 2 Pet. ii. 1, against the errors of Popery,
Aylmer, Wm., a convert from Popery. A Recanta-
particularly Transubstantiation, &c., Oxon., 1713.
Ayloffe, Sir Joseph, 1709-1781, a distinguished anti-
quary, was entered at St. John's College, Oxf. in 1724. He
completed a Calendar of the Ancient Charters, and of the
Scotch and Welsh Rolls in the Tower of London, (pub.
Lon., 1780,) commenced by the Rev. Philip Morant. Ho
contributed some papers to the Archeologia, (see vol. iii.,
Aylett, Geo. Surgical Works, Lon., 1744–59.
pp. 185, 239, 376.) and aided in editing second editions of
Aylett, Robt, LL.D., a Master in Chancery. Peace Hearne's Leland's Collecteana, his Liber Niger, and his
with her four Garders; (including Susanna, &c.,) Lon., Curious Discourses. Mr. Thorp had the benefit of his ser-
1822. A Wife not ready inade, but bespoken, 1653.
1653. A vices in the publication of the Registrum Roffense, in
poetical Pleading for and against Marriage. Divine and 1769. He also contributed to the publication of the So-
moral Speculations, 1654. Devotions; viz.: 1. A good Wo-ciety of Antiquaries, and to the Vetusta Monumenta. Mr.
man's Prayer. 2. The humble Man's Prayer, 1655. See
See Gough, referring to his own Sepulchral Monuments of
Censura Literaria; Restituta; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Dr. Great Britain, thus deplores the loss of our author, to
Aylett gives the following as his own epitaph.
whom he applies a title which few men better deserved
than Mr. Gough himself:
Hæc suprema dies, sit mihi prima quies."
"Lord! let this last be my first day of rest.”—Restituta.
Wood states that it was the common report that Robt.
Aylett was the author of Britannia Antiqua Illustrata,
published under the name of his nephew, Aylett Sainmes.
When speaking of this unlucky gentlemen, old Anthony
"remembers his swashing blow," and disposes of him in
the following trenchant style:
<.
· The common report then was, that not he, but his quondam
Uncle, was the author: and to confirm it, was his great ignorance
in Matters and Books of Antiquity. I was several times in his
company when he spent some weeks this Year in Oxon., and found
him to be an impertinent, girning, (grinning,] and pedantical cox-
comb; and so ignorant of Authors, that he never heard, before I
mentioned it to him, of the great Antiquary, John Leland, or of his
printed or manuscript Works, nor any thing of Baleus; nor could
he give any account of Authors that are quoted in the said Brit-
tannia Antiqua Illustrata, &c.”
Ayleway, or Ayleworth, Wm. Epithalamia in
Nuptias Caroli II., Lon., 1652. Sermon, 1662. Metaphy-
síca Scholastica, &c., Colon., 1675.
Ayliffe, John, LL.D., a Fellow of New College in
Oxford, pub. The Ancient and Present State of the Uni-
versity of Oxford, (Lon., 1714,) compiled chiefly from
Wood's History of Oxford. The work gave so much offence
from alleged aspersions and misrepresentations, that an
order was decreed consigning it to the hands of the hang-
man to be burnt, and Ayliffe was degraded, and expelled
the University. In 1716 he pub. an account of this matter
in this "Case." He also gave to the world, 1. Parergon
Juris Canonici Anglicani, 1726; 2. The Law of Pawns,
Lon., 1732; A New Pandect of the Roman Civil Law, 1734.
"Ayliffe's work, though learned, is dull and tedious, and stuffed
with superfluous matter, delivered in a most confused manner.”-
Preface to Brown's Civ. Law.
In
Aylmer, G.J. Introduc. to Prac. Arithmetic, Lon., 1812.
Aylmer, or Elmer, John, 1521-1594, an eminent
English prelate, was at one time chaplain to the Marquis
of Dorset, afterwards Duke of Suffolk, and tutor to his
daughter, Lady Jane Grey. See ASCHAM, Roger.
the convocation held in the first year of Queen Mary, he
was one of the six learned men who offered to dispute all
the controverted points in religion against the most learned
champions of the Papists. Obliged to leave his country,
he found a quiet retreat at Zurich. Whilst abroad, he
answered a treatise pub. by John Knox, at Geneva, in
1558, against the government of women. The title of this
answer is sufficiently curious to be extracted:
An Harborowe for faithfull and trewe subiectes, against the
late blowne Blaste concerning the Gouernet of Wemen; wherein
be confuted al such reasons as a straunger of late made in that be
halfe. With a Brief Exhortation to Obedience. Strasb., 1559, 4to.”
Upon the accession of Elizabeth, he returned, and in
1562 was made Archdeacon of Lincoln, and in 1576 was
promoted to the bishopric of London, upon the transiation
of Bishop Sandys to York.
"He was well learned in the languages, was a ready disputant,
and a deep divine.”—Athen, Oxon.
Wood tells us of an instance of his tact in exciting the
attention of an inattentive auditory, which des ice, or
something equally efficacious, we commend to some preach-
ers of our own day.
When his Auditory grew dull and inattentive he would, with
some pretty and unexpected conceit, move them to attention.
Among the rest was this: He read a long Text in Hebrew, where-
upon all seemed to listen what would come after such strange
Words, as if they had taken it for some conjuration: then he
shewed their folly, that when he spake English, whereby they
might be instructed and edified, they neglected, and hearkened
word of, they seem'd careful and attentive."
not to it and now to read Hebrew, which they understood no
"The Society of Antiquaries have published engravings of Five
Monuments in Westminster Abbey, with an accurate description
by the Montfaucon of England, the late Sir Joseph Ayloffe. When
I reflect on his intimate acquaintance with every part of that
valuable structure, and the opportunities he had for pursuing
his inquiries there. I am at a loss whether to lament his reluctance
to continue what he had so happily begun, or my own presumption
in attempting to supply his knowledge by vain conjectures. He
closed a life devoted to the study of our National Antiquities be
fore three sheets of this work had passed the press; and it can
only pay a tribute to his abilities.”—Nichols's Literary Anecilotes.
"His extensive knowledge of our national antiquities and mu-
nicipal rights. and the agreeable manner in which he communi-
cated it to his friends and the public, made him sincerely regretted
by all who had the pleasure of his acquaintance.”
Ayme,Isaac. Trichiasis admodum rara,&c., Lon.,1684.
Aymes, John. A Rich Storehouse for the Diseased,
Lon., 1670.
Chapel, on John i. 19, 1689.
Ayray, Jas. A Sermon at the Spanish Ambassador's
Ayre, John. The Mystery of Godliness, Lon., 1837.
Ayre, Joseph. Christian Philanthropist's Pilgrim-
age; a Poem, Lon., 12mo. Nature and Origin of Dropsies,
Svo. Disorders of the Liver, Svo. Treatment of Cholera
by Calomel, Svo. Dropsy in the Brain, Svo.
Four Ethic Epistles opposing some of Mr. Pope's Opinions
Ayre, Wm. Memories of Alex. Pope, Lon., 1745;
of Man., 1752.
Ayres, J. A.
1693-1700. The
Ayres, John.
Legends of Montauk, 12mo, N. Y.
Works
most celebrated penman of his day.
Works upon Arithmetic and Writing,
Ayres, P. Emblems of Love, 1687; Poems, 1687;
Fables, Lon.. 1689.
Ayres, W. T. Notes on Blackstone's Com., Dub., 1780.
Severely criticized in the Lon. Monthly Review.
Ayrton, John. Pharmacologia, or the History of
Medical Substances, 1818.
Ayrton, S. Practice in Bankruptcy, Lon., 1840.
Ayrton, Edmund, d. 1808, an Eng. musical composer.
Ayscough, Francis. Sermons pub. 1736–55.
Ayscough, Geo. Edward, edited the Works of
George, Lord Lyttleton, 1744; pub. Semiramis, a Tra
gedy, 1777; Letters from an Officer, 1778.
Ayscough, Philip. Sermon, Rom. i. 19, 1729, etc.
Ayscough, Saml., 1745-1804, a clergyman, for about
twenty years assistant librarian in the British Museum.
In 1783 Mr. Ayscough pub. Remarks on the Letters of an
American Farmer, or a Detection of the Errors of Mr. J.
Hector St. John, &c. Charles Lamb refers to the work
reviewed in a letter in 1805:
"Oh! tell Hazlitt not to forget to send me the American Farmer
I dare say it is not so good a book as he fancies; but a book's a book.”
Catalogue of the MSS. Preserved in the British Museum,
hitherto undescribed, consisting of 5000 volumes, &c
Lon., 1782.
"This elaborate catalogue is upon a new plan, for the excellence
of which an appeal may safely be made to every visitor of the
Museum since the date of its publication.”—CHALMERS
84
AYS
AYS
Mr. Ayscough, Dr. Maty, and Mr. Harper each contri-
buted a third of the labour in the preparation of Cata-
logues Librorum Impressorum, qui in Museo Britannico
ad servantur, 2 vols. folio, 1787.
"
In 1790, Mr. Stockdale pub. a new edition of the works
of Shakspeare, with a Copious Index to the remarkable
Passages and Words," by Mr. Ayscough. The first octavo
edition of the great bard in one volume was put forth by
Mr. Stockdale in 1784. Some objected to the bulk of the
volume, and in the above edition a second title-page was
printed for the convenience of those who chose to bind
the work in two volumes.
|
son's Works, Lon., 1840; Westley and Davis's edition of
Gibbon's Decline and Fall, Lon., 1837; some of the publi-
cations of that enterprising bibliopole, H. G. Bohn, and
many other works that might be cited. But of all full in-
dexes within our knowledge, commend us to that appended
to Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, where to eight volumes
of text we have more than fourteen hundred columns
of index! This scale is, of course, too vast for general
imitation, but it teaches a lesson to those who content
themselves with giving a few lines of index to a vast body
of text! But the greatest example of zeal in this line on
record-the first index-maker in the world-is the British
House of Commons! In 1778 there were paid for compil-
ing indexes to the Journals of the House of Commons, the
following sums: To Mr. Edward Moore, £6,400 as a final
compensation for thirteen years' labour; Rev. Mr. Forster,
£3,000 for nine years' ditto; Rev. Dr. Roger Flaxman,
£3,000 for nine years' ditto; and to Mr. Cunningham, £500
in part for ditto; making a total of £12,900! Nor is this
the end thereof.
the end thereof. For we may say with Nestor-in another
sense-
•
"But the most valuable circumstance attending this edition is
the extensive index to Shakspeare, which occupies nearly 700
Inges.
. Indices, useful in general, are still more so in the case
of such authors as Shakespeare, whose language has in many
places become obsolete and obscure from time. An index,
like the present, will often be found to throw more light on a dif
ficult passage of our celebrated bard, than all his commentators
put together."”—Lon. Monthly Review.
·
|
We need hardly say that Mr. Ayscough's index, and all
other works of a similar character, have been entirely su-
perseded by the invaluable Concordance to Shakspeare of
Mrs. Mary Cowden Clarke. (See her name.)
Mr. Ays-
cough also compiled indexes for the Monthly Review,
The British Critic, the first 56 yearly volumes of the Gen-
tleman's Magazine, &c.
"His labours in literature were of the most useful cast, and
manifested a patience and assiduity seldom to be met with; and
his laborious exertions in the vast and invaluable library of the
British Museum, form a striking instance of his zeal and indefati-
gable attention. He soon acquired that slight degree of knowledge
in several languages, and that technical knowledge of old books
and of their authors, and particularly that skill in decyphering dif-
ficult writing, which amply answered the most useful purposes of
the librarian as well as the visiting scholar.”—CHALMERS.
Mr. Ayscough died at his apartments in the British Mu-
seum, Oct. 30, 1804. We avail ourselves of this oppor-
tunity to recommend most earnestly to all authors and
publishers the adoption, in all cases where books are of
any permanent value, of a copious index. Which of our
readers of a literary turn has not, perhaps a dozen times
in a day, replaced a book on its shelf, in disappointment and
disgust, knowing that some passage was there to which he
wished to refer, but which, after an exhaustion of time and
patience, he was unable to find from the want of a good
index? It is well remarked by the Lon. Monthly Review:
"The compilation of an index is one of those useful labours for
which the public, commonly better pleased with entertainment
than with real service, are rarely so forward to express their grati-
cude as we think they ought to be. It has been considered as a
mask fit only for the plodding and the dull: but with more truth.
It may be said that this is the judgment of the idle and the shal-
Ow. The value of any thing, it has been observed, is best known
by the want of it. Agreeably to this idea, we, who have often ex-
perienced great inconveniences from the want of indices, entertain
the highest sense of their worth and importance. We know that,
in the construction of a good index, there is far more scope for the
exercise of judgment and abilities, than is commonly supposed.
We feel the merits of the compiler of such an index, and we are
ever ready to testify our thankfulness for his exertions."
Authors and editors are often deterred from making an
index by the fear of labour; but this is no excuse; if the
book be worth publishing, it is worth an index, and the
labour can be much reduced by system.
"A youth of 18 has transcribed the whole of Xenophon's Cyri
Expeditio, in order to an Index: and has entered upon Thucy-
dides for the same purpose. Another young man here has attacked
Harduin's folio edition of Themistius; and the senior youths of
Magdalen School in Oxford are jointly composing an Index to the
first volume of Dr. Battie's Isocrates. . Give me leave to ob-
serve to you that experience has shown us a way of saving much
time (perhaps more than half of the whole time required) in trans-
cribing an Author for an Index, by first transcribing all the words
of a page, and then getting down the number of the page and line
after each word of the page, instead of adding the number imme-
diately as each word is written." (The learned Mr. Merrick in a
letter to Dr. Wharton.)-Nichols's Literary Ancedotes, vol. iv,
<
The following remarks abundantly support our position:
"Those authors, whose subjects require them to be voluminous,
will do well, if they would be remembered as long as possible, not
to omit a duty which authors in general, but especially modern
authors, are too apt to neglect-that of appending to their works
a good index. For their deplorable deficiencies in this respect,
Professor De Morgan, speaking of historians, assigns the curious
reason, that they think to oblige their readers to go through them
from beginning to end, by making this the only way of coming at
the contents of their volumes. They are much mistaken; and
they might learn from their own mode of dealing with the writ-
ings of others, how their own will be used in turn.' We think
that the unwise indolence of authors has probably had much more
to do with the matter than the reason thus humorously assigned;
but the fact which he proceeds to mention is incontestably true.
'NC WRITER (or this class) IS SO MUCH READ AS THE ONE WHO MAKES
A GOOD INDEX.- -OR SO MUCH CITED.””—HENRY ROGERS: The Vanily
and Glory of Literature.
Among modern works which might be mentioned as
presenting copious indexes are Ball's edition of Robert-
"In such inderes, although small
To their subsequent volumes, there is seen
The baby figure of the giant mass
Of things to come, at large."-Troilus and Cressida.
To quote the same author, give us a good "index," and
we will almost excuse an "obscure prologue." Of course,
like all good things, indexes may be abused; the pretender
will make them the end of his journey, whilst to the true
student they will be merely the sign-posts of the road;
such charlatans they were, who two centuries since excited
the ire of Joseph Glanville, and caused him to exclaim:
"Methinks 'tis a pitiful piece of knowledge, that can be learnt
from an index; and a poor ambition to be rich in the inventory of
another's treasure."-The Vunity of Dogmatizing.
Pope, too, tells us
"How index-learning turns no student pale,
Yet holds the eel of science by the tail."-Dunciad, B. 2.
But we doubt if much harm was ever done in this way.
The very ambition thus censured may lead to real acqui-
sition, and often has. Watts appreciated a good index so
highly, that he tells his reader,
..
If a book has no index or good table of contents, 'tis very use-
ful to make one as you are reading it.”
We may conclude this rather prolix (we hope it may
prove to be a useful) article, by citing the authority of a
man of letters, who was never excelled for a practical com-
mon-sense view of subjects which engaged his attention.
Dr. Johnson to Richardson respecting a new edition of
Clarissa:
"I wish you would add an index rerum, that when the reader
recollects any incident. he may easily find it. which at present he
cannot do, unless he knows in which volume it is told: for Clarissa
is not a performance to be read with eagerness. and laid aside for-
ever; but will be occasionally consulted by the busy, the aged,
and the studious: and therefore I beg that this edition, by which
I suppose posterity is to abide, may want nothing that can facili-
tate its use.
I am, sir, yours, &c., SAM. JOHNSON.”
It was excellently said by the learned Michael Mattaire
-a Corypheus of index-makers himself:
"Non est acutissimi, fateor, ingenii, non altissimæ eruditionis,
Indices contexere. Majorem tamen nil molestiam editori, nil lec-
tori utilitatem affert; cumque rei cujuslibit necessitas ex ipsius
utilitate oriatur, et in eadem consistat; quidni affirmem nihil fers
esse magis necessarium? Non itaque sum sollicitus, quantillo esse
ingenio, quam parum eruditione videar valere. dumi literatorum
commodis quomodocunque inserviam. In construendis ædibus,
operarius bajalusque, non minus architecto prodest."-Mattaire's
Epist. ad D. P. Des Maizeaux; cited at large in vol. iv. pp. 561-
565 of Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
That true worthy, Fuller-Thomas the quaint—gives his
testimony on the same side:
S
An Index is a necessary implement and no impediment of a
book, except in the same sense wherein the Carriages of au Army
are termed Impediments. Without this. a large Author is but a
labyrinth, without a clue to direct the Reader therein. I confess,
there is a lazy kind of Learning which is only indical: when
Scholars (like Adders which onely bite the Horse-heels) nible but
at the Tables, which are calces librorum, neglecting the body of the
Book. But, though the idle deserve no crutches, (let not a staff be
used by them, but on them.) pity it is the weary should be denied
the benefit thereof, and industrious Scholars prohibited the accom-
modation of an Index, most used by those who most pretend to
contemn it." Worthies,
The index to Nicholas Antonio's Bibliotheca of Spanish
Writers bas received great commendation :
larly. He had good reason for recommending even the Indexes,
"I have quoted Mr. Baillet, who shews the value of it particu-
for they are very well formed and useful. The Author has adde
a short preface to them, which shews his excellent taste and judg-
ment: he has quoted there the thought of a Spanish writer, Indi-
cem Libri ab Autore, Librum ipsum a quovis alio conficiendum
esse. An Author ought to make the Index to his book, whereas
the hook itself may be written by any person else.' The contrary
method is generally taken: Authors refer to others the pains of
making alphabetical Indexes; and it must be owned, that those
85
AYS
AYT
Gentlemen who are not patient of labour, and whose talent con-
sists only in the fire and vivacity of imagination, had much better
let others make the Index to their works: but a man of judgment
and application will succeed incomparably better in composing the
Tables to his own writings, than a stranger can. There might be
a variety of good directions given for the composition of these Ta-
bles, which may be justly called the soul of books."-BAYLE.
When Baillet lauded Antonio's Index, he was like an
epicure, who commends the dish which tickles his own
palate. Baillet was such an admirer of a good plump
Index, that when Hermant had him snugly installed as
Librarian to M. De Lamoignon, the uncouth helluo libro-
rum sets to work to make an Index, and an Index Rerum
at thai!
**
Though troubled with a great pain in his legs, which some-
times grew very violent, and notwithstanding the many visits he
received. which continually interrupted his labours. be applied
himself with so much diligence to the drawing up of an Index
of all the subjects treated of in the books in M. De Lamoignon's
library, that he finished it in August, 1682, [about two years' la-
bour.] That Index grew to such a length, by the additions he
continued to make to it, that it contains thirty-five volumes in
folio, all written by M. Baillet himself. When he had finished
that laborious. but useful, work, he wrote a Latin preface to it,
which he published. We find there an account of the manner in
which he drew up that Index. He promised in the same place to
write an Index, or Catalogue, of all the authors, whose books
were in M. De Lamoignon's library."
Gruter's great work on Inscriptions-Inscriptiones an-
tiquæ totius orbis romani in absolutissimum corpus re-
dactæ, (1st edit., Heidelberg, 1602)—was not only greatly
aided by Scaliger, but so anxious was this eminent scho-
lar that the work should be complete, that he devoted ten
months to writing an index of 24 classes.
"If it appears surprising that so great a man should undertake
so laborious a task, and which seemed so much below him, we
ought to consider that such Indexes cannot be made but by a
very able man. To succeed in that task, it is necessary to under-
stand perfectly the inscriptions, and know how to distinguish
what is peculiar from what is common: and sometimes to illus-
trate them by some remarks, and explain the sense. not only of
words, of which there remain but one or two syllables, but even
of single letters."-LE CLERC: Biblioth. Choisie.
After finishing his Index, Scaliger wrote the following
epigram:
"Si quem dura manet sententia Judicis. olim
Damnatum ærumnis suppliciisque caput;
Hunc neque fabrili lassent Ergastula massa,
Nec rigidas vexent fossa metalla manus.
Lexica contexat: nam cætera quid moror? omnes
Pœnarum facies his labor unus habet."
Le Clerc truly hints that it is not every man that can
write, who is capable of making an Index: we have an
amusing instance of the evils resulting from carelessness
in this matter, in the case of
Ayton, Richard. A Voyage round Great Britain,
undertaken in the Summer of 1813, and commencing
with the Land's End, in Cornwall; the views taken by
William Daniel. A.R.A., 1814.
son's Collection of Scottish Poems, (1706-11.) Aubrey
remarks that Mr. John Dryden has seen verses of his,
some of the best of that age, printed with some other
verses. "Aubrey further states that he was acquainted
with all the wits of his time in England." He died at
London, March, 1638, and was buried in Westminster
Abbey, under a handsome monument of black marble.
Aytoun, William Edmondstoune, b. 1813, is a
member of the Edinburgh bar. He succeeded Mr. Moir
as Professor of Literature and Belles Lettres in the Univer-
sity of Edinburgh, where his lectures, distinguished by
great ability and correct literary taste, are in high estima-
tion. He is now editor of that sterling periodical, Black-
wood's Edinburgh Magazine, to which he has long been a
Valued contributor. Nom de plume Augustus Dunshunner.
Mr. Aytoun married a daughter of the gentleman who
for so many years delighted the literary world as con-
ductor of Blackwood-Christopher North, alias Professor
Wilson.
"At the time of the railway mania he flung off a series of pa
pers, the first entitled How we got up the Glen Mutchkin Rail-
and Glasgow; papers which for broad, vigorous humour, and feli-
way, descriptive of the doings in the Capel Court of Edinburgh
citous settings forth of genuine Scotch character, are almost unri
valled.”—Men of the Time.
·
Mr. Aytoun wrote many pieces in the Book of Ballads,
edited by Bon Gaultier, a nom de plume, under which he
and Mr. Theodore Martin have contributed to a number of
periodicals. 1. Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers, and other
Poems, Lon. and Edin., 1849. The popularity of this
work is evinced by its having reached its 10th ed. in
1857. It has been printed in America.
"The writer who drew up the Index to Delechamp's Athenæus,
who says that Euripides lost in one day, his wife, two sons, and
a daughter, and refers us to page 60, where nothing like this is
found: but we find in page 61. that Euripides going to Icaria,
wrote an epigram on a disaster that happened at a peasant's house.
where a woman, with her two sons and a daughter. died by eating
of mushrooms. Judge, from this instance, what hazards those run
who rely on Index-makers.”—BAYLE,
The lays before us possess fluency, vigour, and movement,
This only proves that we must have good Index-makers, with an elevation of mind which is historical, if not poetical: they
not that we must do without such aids.
have the polish and the skill in the use of figures which might be
expected from the professor of rhetoric and belles lettres; they are
Ayscu, Edward. See Ascu.
Ayshford, Henry, M.D. Tabular Views of the animated by the sentiment of Jacobitism which is reviving among
Anatomy of the Human Body, Lon., 1810.
a certain class of well-minded subjects of Queen Victoria; and
they not only display the common knowledge of history, but show,
in the prose introductions, that Mr. Aytoun has investigated and
thought for himself.”—London Spectator.
"Professor Aytoun has selected his ballad themes from striking
incidents and from stirring scenes in our mediaval Scottish histo-
ry; some remote as the field of Flodden; others as recent as that
of Drummossie Muir: and he has thrown over them the light of
an imagination at once picturesque and powerful.... The perfer-
vidum ingenium Scotorum-that burning, irrepressible energy of
has ever distinguished our country-breathes throughout all his
character which, whether directed towards good or towards evil,
Lays, and lends even to stern fact the etherealizing hues of fiction."
D. M. MOIR: Sketches of the Poetical Literature of the Pust Half
Century.
•
"Professor Aytoun has appreciated the wealth of his country's
history in themes for the historical ballad. . . In the volume now
before us, he puts forth a sustained power, which, in our estima-
tion, places him in the foremost rank of the poets of his time. His
lays combine the best qualities of Macaulay and of William Müller.
They have all the historic truth and picturesque force of the former,
with all the poetic fire and stately march of the latter. We feel, in
reading these lays, that we are dealing, not with shadows, but with
living men. We are swept back into the stirring times of old,
when brave hearts and high souls declared themselves in brave
deeds: when honour, self-denial, devotion, were living things;-
when patriotism and loyalty were active principles, and the wor-
ship of mammon had not shrivelled up the sons of men into self-
seeking and sordid pride. We thank the poet who elevated our
soul by a noble thought-by a delineation of some generous and
lofty nature, woven from the visions of his own brain. We doubly
thank him who links noble thoughts and noble deeds with some
great historic name;-who places the hero living before us, till we
can read his eye, and hear bis voice, and be swayed by his in-
fluence. But above all do we thank him when he rescues some
great name from dishonour, and drowns the slander forever in the
torrent of our sympathies. This Professor Aytoun has done for
two of the noblest, yet most misrepresented. names in Scottish
annals. The Execution of Montrose' and 'The Burial March of
Dundee,' are tributes of historical as well as of poetical justice to
the two men of all others the most conspicuous for chivalrous vir
tue in the annals of modern Europe.”—Dublin University Muga-
zine, xxxiii. 215.
•
“
Ayton, or Aytoun, Sir Robert, 1570-1638, a na-
tive of Fifeshire, in Scotland, was the author of poetical
pieces in several languages, viz.: Greek, Latin, French,
and English. Among his productions are the following:
1. Ad Jacobum VI. Britanniarum Regem, Angliam peten-
tem, Panegyris, p. 40 inter Delitias Poetarum Scotorum,
edit. ab Arturo Jonstono, Amst., 1637, 8vo. 2. Basia,
sive strena ad Jacobum Hayum, equitem illustrissimum,
p. 54.
3. Lessus in Funere Raphaelis Thorei, Medici, et
Poetæ prætantissimi. Londini peste extincti, p. 61, ibid.
4. Carina Caro, p. 63, ib. 5. De Proditione Pulverea,
quæ incidit in diem Martis, p. 65, ib. 6. Gratiarum Actio,
cum in privatum Cubiculum admitteretur, p. 66, ibid. 7.
Epigrammata Varia, ib. 8. In Obitum Ducis Bucking-
anii, à Filtono cultro extincti, M.D.C.XXVIII. p. 74, ibid.
Sir Robert was educated at St. Andrew's. He was em-
ployed both at home and abroad in the service of James I.
and Charles I. He was knighted by King James, and ap-
pointed by him one of the gentlemen of his bed-chamber,
and private secretary to his queen. Ben Jonson declared 3. Poland, and other Poems. 4. Bothwell; a Poem;
to Drummond that Sir Robert had an affection for him, 2d ed., 1856, Svo. 5. Life and Times of Richard the
(Jonson.) Some of his English pieces, which have been First, King of England, 1840, 8vo. 6. Ballads of Scot
highly commended for their style, were published in Wat-land, 2 vols. fp. Svo, 1858. See Lon. Athen., 1858, 43.
"It is designed to satirize some modern manifestations of a most
false and extravagant taste in poetry; and, although the parody
is somewhat long and elaborate, there runs throughout such a
happy vein of humour, and the harmony of the verse is so full
and flowing, that the reader's interest is never allowed to flag.”—
Westm. Rev., Oct. 1854.
"Finer ballads than these, we are bold to say, are not to be found
in the language.”—London Times.
"A volume of verse which shows that Scotland has yet a poet.
Full of the true fire. it now stirs and swells like a trumpet tone-
now sinks in cadences sad and wild as the wail of a Highland
dirge."-Lon. Quarterly Review.
2. Fermilian; a Spasmodic Tragedy, by T. Percy Jones,
1854, Edin. and Lon., 12mo.
86
BAB
BAB
B.
rithms were printed upon them in inks of the following colours:
light blue, dark blue, light green, dark green, clive, yellow, light
red, dark red, purple, and black.
Babbage, Charles, b. 1790, an eminent mathe-
matician, entered at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he
took his degrees,-that of B.A. in 1814; was appointed
Lucasian Professor in the Univ. of Camb., 1828; resigned
in 1839; a member of the principal scientific societies of
the world. For a full account of Mr. Babbage's Calculating
Machine, see Calculating Machines,-Division Arts and
Sciences, English Cyclopedia. The following complete
list of his writings has been prepared with care:
Each of these twenty volumes contains papers of the same
colour, numbered in the same order; and there are two volumes
printed with each kind of ink.
The twenty-first volume contains metallic printing of the same
specimen in gold, silver, and copper, upon vellum and on va-
riously-coloured papers.
For the same purpose, about thirty-five copies of the complete
table of logarithmns were printed on thick drawing-paper of various
tints.
1. The Preface. jointly with Sir John Herschel; and (2) Con-
tinued Products, in Memoirs of the Analytical Society, 4to, Camb.,
1813. 3. Essay towards the Calculus of Functions; Phil. Trans.,
1815. 4. Essay towards the Calculus of Functions, Pt. 2; Phil.
Trans., 1816. 5. Demonstrations of some of Dr. Matthew Stewart's
General Theorems; to which is added an Account of some New
Properties of the Circle; Roy. Inst. Jour., 1816, vol. i. 6. Observa-
tions on the Analogy which subsists between the Calculus of Func
tions and other Branches of Analysis; Phil. Trans., 1817. 7. Solu-
tion of some Problems by means of the Calculus of Functions;
Roy. Inst. Jour., 1817. 8. Note respecting Elimination; Roy.
Inst. Jour., 1817. p. 355. 9. Account of Euler's Method of Solving
a Problem relating to the Knight's Move at Chess; Roy. Inst.
Jour., 1817. 10. Some New Methods of Investigating the Sums
of Several Classes of Infinite Series; Phil. Trans., 1819. 11. Demon-
stration of a Theorem relating to Prime Numbers; Edin. Phil.
Jour., 1819. 12. Examination of some Questions connected with
Games of Chance; Trans. of Roy. Soc. of Edin., 1820, vol. ix. 13.
Observations on the Notation employed in the Calculus of Func-
tions; Trans. of Camb. Phil. Soc., 1820, vol. i. 14. Application of
Analysis, &c. to the Discovery of Local Theorems and Porisms;
Trans. of Roy. Soc. of Edin., vol. ix. 15. Letter to Sir IL. Davy,
P.R.S., on the Application of Machinery to the Purpose of Calcu-
lating and Printing Mathematical Tables, 4to, July, 1822. 16.
Note respecting the Application of Machinery to the Calculation
of Mathematical Tables; Memoirs of the Astron. Soc., June, 1822,
Babcock, J. S. Visions and Voices, 12mo, Hart.
Baber, Rev. H. H. Wickliffe's Trans. of the New
Testament, Lon., 1811. Psalterium Græcum, a Codice
MS. Alexandrino, Lon., 1812. Mr. Baber published this
(by subscription) as a portion of the remainder of the task
left unfinished by Woide. Twelve copies were printed
vol. i. 17. Theoretical Principles of the Machinery for Calculating
upon vellum, to match with the same number of vellum
copies of the New Testament published by his predeces-
sor. Mr. Baber, with praiseworthy zeal, was desirous of
completing the Old Testament; but this "enterprise of
Tables; Brewster's Edin. Jour. of Science, 1823, vol. viii. 18. Ob-
servations on the Application of Machinery to the Computations
of Mathematical Tables, Dec. 1822; Memoirs of Astron. Soc., 1824,
vol. i. 19. Determination of the General Term of a New Class of
Infinite Series; Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc., 1824, vol. ii. 20. Observa-
tions on the Measurement of Heights by the Barometer; Brew-great pith and moment" was more than Mr. Baber could
ster's Edin. Jour. of Science, 1824. 21. Account of the Repetition himself, with any propriety, be expected to assume. The
of M. Arago's Experiments on the Magnetism Manifested by Va- trustees of the British Museum applied to Parliament for
rious Substances during Rotation, by C. Babbage, Esq., and Sir protection in supplying the means to complete the under-
John Herschel, Bart.; Phil. Trans., 1825. 22. Diving-Bell: Encyc. taking. The application was successful; and this great
Metrop., 1826. 23. Electric and Magnetic Rotation; Phil. Trans.,
1826, vol. ii. 24. Method of Expressing by Signs the Action of
work-Vetus Testamentum Græcum ex Cod. MS. Alexan-
Machinery; Phil. Trans., 1826, vol. ii. 25. Influence of Signs in drino, cura et labore H. H. Baber, A.M.—was completed
Mathematical Reasoning; Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc., 1826, vol. ii. in 1828, (1816-28,) in 4 vols. fol., published at £36 158.
26. Notation; Edin. Encyc. 27. Porisms; Edin. Encyc. 28. Trans-
lation of the Differential and Integral Calculus of La Croix. 1 vol.
29. Examples to the Differential and Integral Calculus, 2 vols. Svo.
These two works were executed in conjunction with the Rev. G.
Peacock, Dean of Ely, and Sir John Herschel. Bart. 30. Compara-
tive View of the Different Institutions for the Assurance of Life,
8vo, 1826. A German translation of this work was published for
the purpose of establishing at Gotha a society for the assurance of
lives. 31. A Table of the Logarithms of the Natural Numbers,
from 1 to 108,000, Svo, 1826. These logarithms were used by the
computers in the whole of the trigonometric survey of Ireland,
and in that part of the English survey subsequent to their publica-
tion. There have been several impressions on different-coloured
paper,-white, yellow, and fawn. Editions also have been pub-
lished on white. yellow, and green paper, with the Preface and In-
troduction translated into the German and Hungarian languages,
1834. 32. Notice respecting some Errors common to many Tables
of Logarithms; Mem. Astron. Soc., 4to, 1827, vol. iii. 33. Essay
on the General Principles which Regulate the Application of Ma-
chinery; Encyc. Metrop. 34. Reflections on the Decline of Science
in England, and on some of its Causes, 4to and Svo, 1830. 35.
Examples of the Solution of Functional Equations, Svo. 36. Sketch
of the Philosophical Characters of Dr. Wollaston and Sir II. Davy;
extracted from the Decline of Science. 37. Letter to T. P. Courte-
nay on the Proportion of Births of the two Sexes amongst Legiti-
mate and Illegitimate Children; Brewster's Edin. Jour. of Science,
vol. ii., 1829. 38. Economy of Manufactures and Machinery, Svo,
1832; 4th ed. There are American reprints, and several transla
tions of this work into German, French. Ítalian, Spanish, and
Russian. 39. Letter to Sir David Brewster on the Advantage of a
Collection of the Constants of Nature and Art; Brewster's Edin.
Jour. of Science, 1832, vol. vi. p. 334. Reprinted by order of the
British Association for the Promotion of Science, Camb., 1833. See
also pp. 484, 490,-Report of the Third Meeting of the British As-
sociation. 40. Letter, written in Cypher, from Mr. Abraham Sharp
to Mr. J. Crosthwait, 2d Feb. 1721-22, relative to a Supposed Error
in the Division of the Mural Arc at Greenwich. Decyphered by Mr.
Babbage. See Life of Flamsteed by Mr. F. Baily, Appendix, pp.
348, 390, 4to, 1835. 41. Specimen of Logarithmic Tables, printed
with different-coloured inks and on variously-coloured papers, in
21 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1831.
The object of this work, of which one single copy only was
printed, is to ascertain by experiment the tints of the paper and
colours of the inks least fatiguing to the eye.
One hundred and fifty-one variously-coloured papers were
chosen, and the same two pages of my stereotype Table of Loga-
An account of this work may be found in the Edin. Jour. of
Science. (Brewster's,) 1832, vol. vi. p. 144.
42. Barometrical Observations made at the Fall of the Staub-
bach, by Sir John Herschel, Bart., and C. Babbage, Esq.; Brew-
ster's Edin. Jour. of Science, 1832, vol. vi. p. 224. 43. The Ninth
Bridgewater Treatise, 8vo, May, 1837; 2d ed., Jan. 1838. 44.
Essay on the Principles of Tools for Turning and Planing Metals,
(inserted in the second volume of Turning and Mechanical Mani-
pulation of Charles Holtzapfel.) 1846. 45. Observations on the
Temple of Serapis at Pozzuoli, near Naples, with an attempt to
explain the causes of the frequent elevation and depression of
large portions of the earth's surface in remote periods, and to
prove that those causes continue in action at the present time;
Proceedings of the Geological Society, 1847. 46. The same Me-
moir, with a Supplement,-Conjectures on the Physical Condition
of the Surface of the Moon, 8vo: privately printed. 1847. 47. The
Exposition of 1851; or. Views of the Industry, Science, and G.-
vernment of England, 1851, 8vo.
"The types cast in metal by Jackson for Woide are quite fresh
margin being spun out by the letters in full, (as Woide has given
and perfect; and. instead of the contracted various readings in the
them.) fac-similes of such various readings, cut in wood, are in-
serted precisely in the places where they occur, filling up only the
same space with the original. The tail-pieces, or rude arabesque
ornaments at the end of each book, are also represented by means
of fac-similes in wood; so that the identity of the original is per-
fectly preserved.
The work, when complete, will consist of 4 folio volumes,-three
of the text of the Old Testament, with a fourth containing prole-
gomena and notes. The subscribers for the vellum copies are:
"His Majesty's Library. Sir M. M. Sykes, Bart.
"The French King's Library. John Dent, Esq.
"The Royal Library of Berlin.
tatench only.)
"The Archbishop of Canterbury.
"The Duke of Devonshire. The Author.
Turner, Esq., Trin. Coll., Dubl.
Longman, Hurst & Co., (Pen
"The Earl Spenser. (One copy undisposed of.)”—Dibdin's Biblio-
graphical Decameron.
250 copies were printed on paper: the price of the vel-
lum copies was 184 guineas each.
Babington, Benj. Trans. of Gooro Paramatan,
Lon., 1820.
Babington, Gervase, d. 1610, successively Bishop
of Llandaff. Exeter, and Worcester. Comfortable Notes
upon the Five Books of Moses. Exposition upon the
Creed, the Commandments, and the Lord's Prayer; with
a Conference between Man's Frailty and Faith, and three
Sermons printed in one 4to vol. ; again, with additions, in
1615; again, 1637.
:
Babington, Humphrey. Serm. on Ps. ci. 1, 1678.
Babington,Jno. Geometry and Fireworks, Lon., 1656.
Babington, R. The Law of Auction, Lon., 1826.
Babington, Wm., M.D., 1756-1833. 1. Systematic
Arrangement of Minerals, 1795. 2. New System of Mine-
ralogy, 1799. 3. Syllabus of the Course of Chemical Lec-
tures, 1802. 4. Case of Exposure to the Vapour of Burn-
ing Charcoal, 1809.
Babington, Zachary. Advice to Grand Juries in
Cases of Blood, from Law and Reason, Lon., 1677.
87
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Bache, Alexander Dallas, one of the most distin-
guished philosophers of the nine.eenth century. b. July
19. 1806, in Philadelphia, a great-grandson of Dr. Benj.
Franklin; educated at the U.S. Military Acad., West
Point; grad. with the highest honours, and became Lieu-
tenant of Engineers of Fortification in 1825; Prof. Math. in
Univ. Penna., 1827; organized High School of Phila., and
Principal of it, 1841-42; returned to Univ. Penna. 1842-43
as Prof. of Nat. Philos. and Chemistry; resigned on being
appointed President of Girard College, Phila. He visited
Europe to examine the systems of instruction there, the re-
sults of which have been published in one large vol., Phila.,
1839, Svo. A valuable work. In 1833 he edited an ed. of
Brewster's Optics, with Notes, Phila., 12mo; Observations
at the Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory at the
Girard Coll., 3 vols. 8vo, 1 vol. plates, 1840-45, Wash.,
1847. In 1843, he was appointed Superintendent of the
U.S. Coast Survey, which position he still occupies, (1858.)
"Under his energetic and wise direction it has been fruitful not
only in practical benefit to navigators, but in valuable contri-
butions to geodetic and physical science.”
|
The Reports of the U.S. Coast Survey are pub. annually
in one large vol. 4to, under the supervision of Professor
B., to whose talents it owes its present high position
among the learned of both Europe and America. He is a
He is a
member of the principal scientific societies of the world,
and received the medal of the Royal Geog. Soc. for 1858.
His principal contributions are 35 valuable papers in the
Proc. of the Amer. Ass. for the Advancement of Science,
1849-50-51-53-54-55-56-57-58; 19 papers in the Jour.
of the Franklin Institute of Penna., 1831-32-34-35-36-
42; 6 papers in the Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., 1834-35-37-
40, &c.; Annual Reports to Treasury Dept. on Weights
and Measures from 1844 to '56; Amer. Jour. of Science,
1832-33; Proc. Brit. Ass. for Adv. of Science, 1838, &c.
Bache, Mrs. Anna. 1. Clara's Amusements, N.
York. 2. The Fireside Screen; or, Domestic Sketches,
Phila., 1843, 12mo. 3. Little Clara, 18mo. 4. The Sibyl's
Cave. 5. Scenes at Home, 12mo.
Bache, Franklin, M.D., eldest great-grandson of
Franklin, b. in Philadelphia, Oct. 25, 1792; grad. A.B. in
he Univ. of Penna., 1810, and M.D., 1814; Surgeon's
Mate, U. States Army, 1813, and full Surgeon, 1814; re-
signed from the army and entered upon private practice in
Phila., 1816; Physician to the Walnut Street Prison, 1824-
36; Prof. of Chemistry in the Franklin Institute of Penna.,
1826-32; Physician to the Eastern Penitentiary of Penna.,
1829-36; Prof. of Chemistry in the Phila. College of Phar-
macy, 1831-41; Prof. of Chemistry in Jefferson Med. Coll.
of Phila., 1841, which appointment he still holds (1858);
President of the American Philos. Society, 1853-54.
>
Author of: 1. A System of Chemistry for the Use of
Students of Medicine, Phila., 1819, 8vo. 2. Supp. to the
Amer. ed. of Henry's Chemistry, forming vol. iii., com-
piled from the addits. in last English ed., 1823. 3. Let-
ter to Roberts Vaux on the Separate Confinement of Pri-
soners, 1829, pamph. 4. Second do., pub. in Journal of
Law, Oct. 1830. 5. In conjunction with George B. Wood,
M.D., The Dispensatory of the United States, 1st ed., 1833,
Svo, pp. 1073; 11th ed., 1858, Svo, pp. 1583. 6. Intro-
ductory Lectures on Chemistry, 1841, 43, '44, '48, '49, '52.
Editor of: 1. In conjunction with Robert Hare, M.D.,
1st Amer. ed. of Ure's Dictionary of Chemistry, 1821,
2 vols. in 1, 8vo. 2. A System of Pyrotechny, by James
Cutbush, 1825, 8vo. 3. In conjunction with others, North
Amer. Med. and Surg. Journal, 1826-32, 12 vols.; and
contrib. to vols. i., ii., iii., v., vi., viii., ix., X., xi. 4. Tur-
ner's Chemistry; 3d, 4th, 5th, and 6th Amer. eds., 1830-
32-35-40. 5. Dr. Hare's Chemical Compendium, 1836.
Contributor to The Aurora, 1811 (on Muriatic Acid);
Memoirs of the Columbian Chemical Soc. of Phila., 1813,
8vo; Amer. Med. Recorder, vol. i., 1818, iv., 1821; Phila.
Jour. of Health, 1830; Hays's Amer. Cyc. of Med. and
Surg., 1834-36 (only two vols. pub.); in vol. i., eleven
articles, in vol. ii., four articles; Amer. Jour. of Phar-
macy, vol. i., 1835, vol. viii., 1842, vol. iii., N.S., 1855.
Dr. Bache also trans. from the French M. Morand's Me-
moir on Acupuncturation, 1825, 12mo; and he was a member
of the Pub. Com. of the U. States Pharmacopoeia, as pre-
pared upon the decennial revisions of 1830, '40, and '50.
Bache, R. The Manual of a Pennsylvania Justice
of the Peace, Phila., 1810-14. The Case of Alien Enemies
Considered and Decided, &c., 1813.
Bachman, John, D.D., LL.D., b. 1790, Dutchest
co., N.Y., a distinguished naturalist; licensed to preach iv
1813; pastor of the German Lutheran Church in Charles-
ton, S.C., from 1815 to the present time, (1858.) He was
an associate of Audubon, (q. v.,) whom he assisted in the
preparation of his great work on Ornithology, and was the
principal author of the work on the Quadrupeds of North
America, illustrated by Audubon and his sons. Defence
of Luther and the Reformation, Charleston, 1853. Ser-
mon on the Doctrine and Discipline of the Evangelical
Lutheran Church, 1837. Design and Duties of the Chris
tian Ministry, 1848. The Doctrine of Unity of the Humar
Race Examined on the Principles of Science, 1850. Notico
of the Types of Mankind, (by Nott and Gliddon ;) with an
Examination of the Charges contained in the Biography
of Dr. Morton, 1854. Examination of Prof. Agassiz's
Sketch of the Natural Provinces of the Animal World,
and their Relations to the Different Types of Men, 1855.
Characteristics of Genera and Species as applicable to the
Doctrine of the Unity of the Human Race, 1854. Cata-
logue of Phonogamous Plants and Ferns growing in the
Vicinity of Charleston, S.C. See South Car. Med. Jour.
Bache, Richard, 1794-1836, Captain of Ordnance
U.S. Army. Notes on Colombia, 1822-23, Phila., 1827, 8vo.
Bache, William. Inaugural Dissertation on Car-
bonic Acid Gas, Phila., 1794, Svo.
Back, Sir George, 1796-1857, b. at Stockport,
entered the navy at an early age. He accompanied Sir
John Franklin on his Northern voyage in 1818 and those
of 1819 and '23 to explore the Arctic regions. In 1833
he undertook an overland journey in search of Capt. Ross.
1. Narrative of the Arctic Land Expedition to the Mouth
of the Great Fish River and along the Shores of the Arctic
Ocean in the Years 1833-34–35.
"Of all the voyages of discovery entered upon within our recol.
lection, none engaged public interest so thoroughly as the expedi
tion the fruits of which are before us.”—Lon. Athen.
2. Perils and Escape of H.M. Ship Terror, 1838, 8vo.
Backhouse, James. Sermon on 2 Cor. iv. 5, 1758.
Backhouse, Thos. Surveys of Harbours in N. Scotia.
Backhouse, W. On Life Annuities, 1778.
Backhouse, Wm., Fellow of Christ's Coll. and Vicar
of Meldreth. The History of the Man of God who was
sent from Judah to Bethel: Sermon on 1 Kings xiii. 1: a
Caution against Religious Delusion, Camb., 1763.
Backhouse, Wm., 1593-1662, a noted alchemist.
He trans. from the French The Pleasant Fountain of
Knowledge, 1644. The Complaint of Nature and the
Golden Fleece; a trans. from Solomon Trismosin, Master
to Paracelsus. Backhouse adopted Elias Ashmole as his
son in mystical philosophy.
Backus, Azel, D.D., 1765-1816, Pres. of Hamiltor.
Coll., New York, pub. Sermons, 1797-1813.
Backus, Chas., D.D., 1749-1803, a native of Nor-
wich, Connecticut, pub. Sermons, 1795-1801, and a volume
on Regeneration.
Backus, Isaac, 1724-1806, a distinguished Baptist
minister of Massachusetts, was b. at Norwich, in Con-
necticut.
3. Let- necticut. His principal work is a History of New Eng-
land, with particular reference to the Baptists, 1777-84.
He pub. an Abridgment in 1804, bringing down the work
to that date.
Backus, J. Laws rel. to Sheriff, &c. in Conn.
Bacon, Mr. An Ordinance for Preventing the Spread-
ing of Heresies, presented to the House of Commons by
him and Mr. Teat, with Observations thereupon, Lon., 1646.
Bacon, of Gray's Inn. Rights of the Kingdom, or Cus-
toms of our Ancestors touching our Kings and Parliament,
Lon., 1682.
Bacon, Anne, 1528?-1600? was the second daughter
of Sir Anthony Cooke, the wife of Sir Nicholas Bacon, and
mother of the illustrious Sir Francis Bacon, Baron Veru-
lam. It is worthy of observation that the four daughters
of Sir Anthony Cooke all formed distinguished matrimonial
alliances: 1. Mildred married Lord Burleigh; 2. Anne,
Sir Nicholas Bacon; 3. Elizabeth, Sir John Russell, sor
of the Earl of Bedford; and, 4. Catherine, Sir Henry Kil
ligrew. The subject of our memoir was eminent for learn-
ing and piety, and well versed in the Greek, Latin, and
Italian tongues.
At an early age she translated from the
Italian into English twenty-five sermons, written by Bar-
nardine Ochine, concerning the Predestination and Elec-
tion of God, published about 1550. She translated Bishop
Jewel's Apology for the Church of England, from the ori-
ginal Latin into English. This translation has been con.-
mended as "both faithful and elegant." Archbishop
Parker, to whom the manuscript had been submitted, re-
turned it printed, "knowing that he had hereby done for
the best, and in this point used a reasonable policy; that
is, to prevent such excuses as her modesty would have
made in stay of publishing it.” It was printed in 1564
88
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|
and in 1600. When she sent the archbishop the MS., it
was accompanied with a letter to the prelate in Greek,
which he answered in the same language. Beza dedicated
to this learned lady his Meditations. Interesting details
connected with her literary history will be found in Bal-
lard's Memoirs of British Ladies, and in Birch's Memoirs
of Queen Elizabeth, where are some of her letters at length.
Bacon, Anthony, b. 1558, brother of Sir Francis
Bacon. Mem. of Reign of Q. Eliz., pub. by Dr. Birch.
Bacon, Delia. Philosophy of the Plays of Shak-
speare Unfolded; with a Preface by Nathaniel Hawthorne,
Lon., 1857, Svo.
•
"From Mr. Hawthorne we learn that Miss Bacon originally
meant to issue this book in America, as she wished her own
country to have the glory of solving the enigma of those mighty
dramas and thus adding a new and higher value to the loftiest
productions of the English mind.' We grieve to think her pur-
pose failed, and that the book appears with the disadvantage of an
English name on the title. Mr. Hawthorne-as every reader of
the Scarlet Letter' knows—is a humourist of peculiar kind; but
his concluding paragraph of introduction to this wild and silly
book crowns the list of his drolleries. In the preface to a volume
designed to rob Shakspeare of his literary glories, Mr. Hawthorne
says, 'It is for the public to say whether my country woman has
proved her theory. In the worst event, if she has failed, her
failure will be more honourable than most people's triumphs;
since it must fling upon the old tombstone at Stratford-on-Avon
since it must fling upon the old tombstone at Stratford-on-Avon
the noblest tributary wreath that has ever lain there.' Fie! Mr.
Hawthorne !”—Lon. Athen., April 11, 1857.
Bacon, Francis, Baron Verulam, Viscount
St. Alban's, 1560-1-1626, one of the most illustrious of
modern philosophers, was the youngest son of Sir Nicholas
and Lady Anne Bacon. He was h. at York-House, in the
Strand, London, on the 22d of January. As a child he
was remarkable for quickness of thought and great pre-
cision and force of language. These qualities attracted
the notice of Queen Elizabeth, who playfully called him
her young Lord Keeper, intimating his probable succession
to his father's honours. Ben Jonson represents him as
marked for this distinction, even before the sagacity of the
Queen had prompted the prediction. Jonson was one of
the party who partook of Chancellor Bacon's hospitality
at York-house, on January 22, 1620, the sixtieth birth-day
of the host; the poet celebrated the occasion in choice
poetry, of which the following is a specimen :
CC
Hail, happy genius of this ancient pile!
How comes it all things so about thee smile?
The fire, the wine, the men-and in the midst
Thou stand'st, as if some mystery thou didst.
England's high Chancellor, the destined heir
In his soft cradle, to his father's chair:
Whose even thread the fates spin round and full,
Out of their choicest and their whitest wool."
Essex; and this nobleman heartily espoused his cause
We grieve to say that the disinterested kindness of the
earl was repaid by the basest ingratitude. When his un-
happy patron bowed his head in his hour of darkness and
desolation, Francis Bacon was by his side,-not as the
sympathizing friend, to cheer, to comfort, and to console,
but he was there as the accusing fiend, to condemn,—as
the heartless executioner, to bind and manacle the victim,
and cast him "to the lions." Nor satisfied with this, he
hesitated not to affix a stigma to his benefactor's grave,
and rehearse, for the information of posterity, the "Decla-
ration of the Treasons of Robert, Earl of Essex!" When
we remember this disgraceful transaction, we feel that we
have no right to censure the portrait drawn by a great
poet, of our greater author-
"The wisest, brightest, meanest, of mankind.”
Yet Mr. Montagu can herein justify Bacon, and plead
for him "as a man pleadeth for his first-born!" How
true it is that the biographer and the lover are almost sy-
Mr. Montagu, in order to defend a bal
nonymous terms!
cause, is obliged, as is usual in such cases, to plead a bad
principle; viz. that a lawyer in the advocacy of his brief
is permitted, nay obliged, to ignore moral honesty, truth,
justice, and every other virtue, if the interest of his client
shall require such a tremendous sacrifice, such wholesale
abnegation of the very foundations of public and private
morality. We do not use Mr. Montagu's phraseology, but
we do not "in the estimation of a hair" overstrain the
statement of what is done every day in our "courts of
justice."(!) Mr. Macaulay's remarks upon this subject,
and in the same connexion, are much to the purpose.
See his Essay on Lord Bacon.
In 1593 he sat as member for the county of Middlesex.
Fortunately, we have a graphic sketch of Bacon as the
orator, by his friend Ben Jonson :
"There happened in my time one noble speaker who was full of
gravity in his speaking. His language, when he could spare or
pass by a jest, was nobly censorious. No man ever spoke more
neatly, more pressly, more weightily, or suffered less emptiness,
less idleness. in what he uttered. No member of his speech but
consisted of his own graces. His hearers could not cough or look
aside from him without loss. He commanded where he spoke,
and had his judges angry and pleased at his devotion. No man
had their affections more in his power. The fear of every man
that heard him was lest he should make an end.”—Discreries.
Bacon's earliest publication was the first part of his cele-
brated Essays, or Counsels, afterwards considerably aug-
mented. The Elements of the Common Law of England,
written in 1596, and The History of the Alienation Office,
written in 1598, were not published until after his death.
The Essays attained immediate popularity, and were trans-
lated into Latin, French, and Italian.
In July, 1603, Bacon was presented to King James I.,
at Whitehall, and received the honour of knighthood. In
1604 he was appointed King's Counsel: shortly after which
he married Alice, the daughter of Benedict Barnham, Esq.,
Alderman. In the next year appeared his treatise on The
Advancement of Learning, which was the basis of the
De Augmentis. The De Sapientia Veterum was published
in 1609.
In his 13th year he was entered of Trinity College,
Cambridge, where he remained for three years and a half.
We must make great allowances for the statement so con-
fidently asserted, that at this early age he had not only
detected the fallacies of the philosophy of Aristotle, but
had mentally projected the substitution of that "more ex-
cellent way" of arriving at truth, the introduction of
which has placed him in the first rank of modern philoso-
phers. That he was dissatisfied with the canonical author-
ities of the prevailing school, and felt that there was a
vitality in the teachings of truth which revolted at the ar-
tificial barriers so rigidly imposed by the "philosophy
falsely so called," to which it was the habit to bow with
unquestioning submission-this we do not doubt. He
had, to use his own words in later years, taken "all know-
ledge to be his province,” and his was not a mind to be
patiently trammelled by any system. After leaving col-
lege he visited France, in the train of Sir Amias Paulet.
Whilst abroad, he wrote the Notes on the State of Europe,
which we find in his works. In February, 1580, he was
summoned home by the death of his father. Being very
slenderly provided for, he made an application to govern-
ment to obtain some certain source of income, which would
allow him to devote his attention to literature and politics.
Most unfortunately for the cause of science, this applica- |
tion was unsuccessful. Choosing the law as his profession,
he obtained a good deal of practice, but it is not unlikely
that the opinion of the queen was shared by many, and
prevented his gaining any brilliant reputation as a pro-
found lawyer. "Bacon, said Elizabeth, "has a great
wit and much learning, but in law showeth to the uttermost
of his knowledge, and is not deep." There is great rea-
son to suspect much injustice in this opinion. Where he
had every right to expect encouragement and aid from his
powerful relative, Lord Burleigh, he seems to have en-
countered any thing but a spirit of kindness and good
will. It was natural, therefore, that he should attach
himself to the party of Burleigh's opponent, the Earl of
>>
In 1616, Sir Francis Bacon was sworn of the Privy
Council, and in March, 1617, he received the appointment
of Keeper of the Great Seal. He was much beholden for
his preferment to the influence of Buckingham, and not a
little to his personal solicitation of the King, in which be
was not backward to assert his merits and fitness for the
post of Lord Keeper. On the 4th of January, 1618, he
was made Lord High Chancellor, and on the 11th of July
ensuing he was ennobled by the title of Baron of Verulam,
and three years later was raised to the dignity of Viscount
St. Alban's. Fain would we leave him in this exalted posi-
tion, but, alas! a great fall was at hand. King James had
been compelled by his necessities to summon a Parliament;
and its Committee in the Courts of Justice reported on
the 15th March, that abuses of no common order had been
charged.
"The Person," said the chairman, "against whom the things
are alleged, is no less than the Lord Chancellor: a man so endued
with all parts, both of nature and of art, as that I will say no mo› e
of him, being not able to say enough.”
Our limits forbid any other than a brief notice of this
melancholy portion of the Lord Chancellor's history. The
reader will find an admirable analysis of the whole subject,
as well as of the Baconian philosophy, in Mr. Macaulay's
well-known essay on Lord Bacon. That there were extenu-
ating circumstances in the well-founded charges against
the Chancellor, may be admitted, without making him a
false witness against himself in his memorable confession.
A
Upon advised consideration of the charges, descending into
my own conscience, and calling my memory to account as far as I
80
*
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phical literature of the world would have been Bacon's Пlus-
trations of Three Hundred Rules and Maxims of the Com-
mon Law! With that keenness of perception, profundity
of judgment, and critical accuracy of definition, which dis-
tinguished this legal philosopher, we should have had a
noble compend of juridical wisdom; an invaluable auxiliary
to the teachings of that Volume which enforces equity and
truth in the duties of this life by the solemn sanctions of
the life to come. Bacon's royal master would then have
had a double claini upon the gratitude of mankind, in the
inestimable version of the inspired Scriptures, and in one
of the grandest conceptions of human wisdom. The se-
cond portion of The Elements of the Common Law, was
styled by its author, The Use of the Law for Preservation
of our Persons, Goods, and Good Names, according to the
Laws of this Land.
His Laws of this Land. This treatise has been praised us
"Not only completely fitted for the improvement of such as
study the Law, but also the Book in the world best calculated to
give every man of good sense and unbiassed judgment, both a ge
neral idea, and a good opinion of the Law, which is represented
therein in that light which is at once the fairest, fullest, and most
agreeable."
The best-known law treatise of Lord Bacon is his Read-
ing on the Statute of Uses, which was delivered before the
Society of Gray's Inn about the year 1600. This can be
considered only an unfinished design:
"A profound treatise on the subject, as far as it goes."-HARGRAVE.
The History of the Alienation Office has been cited as a
proof of
am able, I do plainly and ingenuously confess that I am guilty of
corruption, and do renounce all defence."
To the committee of the Lords who were sent to inquire
if this confession were indeed signed by himself, his pa-
thetic answer was: (6
My Lords, it is my act, my hand,
iny heart. I beseech your lordships to be merciful to a
broken reed !"
The sentence passed upon the offender was a fine of
£40,000, imprisonment in the Tower during the King's
pleasure, incapacity to hold any office in the state, or to
sit in Parliament, and banishment for life from the verge
of the Court. This heavy sentence proved to be little more
than a matter of form. He was confined in the Tower
but two days, his fine was released by the King, he was
suffered to appear at Court, and in 1624 the political inca-
pacity under which he still suffered was removed. His
seat as a peer in the House of Lords was again open to
him, and he was summoned to the next Parliament, though
he thought proper to decline attendance. His habits of
improvidence still followed him in his retreat. The teacher
of philosophic humility and moderation excited the asto-
nishment of a prince by his ostentation, and the author of
the Essays on Economy and Improvidence was continually
harassed by domestic debts. Prince Charles, encounter-
ing his imposing equipage and numerous train on the road,
exclaimed with admiration: "Do what we can, this man
scorns to go out in snuff."
His faithful friend, Rare Ben Jonson, groups together
his sunshine and twilight in a few pathetic lines:
"My conceit of his person was never increased towards him by
his place or honours: but I have and do reverence him for the
greatness that was only proper to himself, in that he seemed to me
ever, by his work, one of the greatest men and most worthy of admi-
ration that had been in many ages. In his adversity I ever prayed
that God would give him strength; for greatness he could not want."
The ex-chancellor survived his political bankruptcy
five years. The cause of his death is well known. Anx-
ious to test a theory that he had formed relative to the
efficacy of snow in arresting animal putrefaction, he one
cold day left his coach, near Highgate, bought a fowl at an
adjoining cottage, and stuffed it with snow. He was sud-
denly seized with an alarming sensation of chilliness, and
was carried to the mansion of the Earl of Arundel, at
Highgate, where he lingered for a week, and expired on
Easter morning, 1626, in the arms of his friend, Sir Julius
Cæsar. His last letter was written to his host, who was
then absent from home. In this letter he calls himself the
martyr of science," and compares himself to Pliny the
Elder, who lost his life in the cause of investigation. In
his will he leaves his name and memory to men's charita-
ble speeches, "to foreign nations, and to my own country-
men, after some time be passed over."
CC
We shall now proceed to review, briefly, the literary pro-
ductions of the distinguished subject of our memoir. We
have already referred to Mr. Basil Montagu as a biogra-
pher, and frankly expressed our dissent from some of his
conclusions respecting the character of one the influence
of whose name is great enough for any thing but success-
ful resistance to the verdict of unconquerable truth. But
we should be justly blamed did we omit to record our grati-
tude to Mr. Montagu for his splendid edition of the Works
of Lord Bacon, in 17 vols. Svo, 1825-34: £8 188. 6d. ;
large paper, £26 158. 6d. See ELLIS, R. LESLIE.
It is deeply to be regretted that Lord Bacon never car-
ried out a favourite plan long cherished by him, of
"Reducing or perfecting the course, or corps, of the Common
Law, digesting or recompiling them, so that the entire body and
substance of Law should remain; only discharged of idle, or un-
profitable, or hurtful matter. I dare not advise to cast the law
into a new mould. The work which I propound tendeth to prun-
ing and grafting the Laws, and not to ploughing up and planting
it again for such remove I hold a perilous innovation."
His Elements of the Laws of England, published in
1636, consists of, 1. A Collection of some Principal Rules
and Maxims of the Common Law, with their Latitude and
Extent. We have here but twenty-five out of three hun-
dred Rules which he had collected :
"I thought good, before I brought them all into form, to publish
some few, that by the taste of other men's opinions, in this first,
I might receive either approbation in my own course, or better ad-
vice for the altering of others which remain: for it is great reason
that that which is intended to the profit of others, should be guided
by the conceits of others."
The excellence of that which we possess makes us grieve
that we have so small a proportion of that which the au-
thor designed:
"Though some great masters of the Law did outgo him in bulk
and particularly in cases: yet in the science of the grounds, and
mysteries of the Law, he was exceeded by none.”—Preface to Block-
slove's Angl.
What an invaluable acquisition to the legal and philoso-
"How great a master he was not in one Law only, but in our
History and Antiquities; so that it may be justly said, there never
fell any thing from his pen which more clearly and fully demon-
strated his abilities."
The History of Henry VII. has been censured by Dr.
Johnson as evincing a want of care usual to the day:
"It is but of late that Iistorians bestow pains and attention
in consulting records, to attain to accuracy. Bacon, in writing
his History of Henry VII., does not seem to have consulted any,
but to have just taken what he found in other histories, and blend
ed it with what he learned by tradition."
But Bishop Nicolson, speaking of the authors who have
written concerning the reign of Henry VII., cannot suffi-
ciently commend our historian:
"This good work was most effectually undertaken and com-
pleted by the incomparable Sir Francis Bacon, who has bravely
surmounted all those difficulties, and passed over those rocks and
shallows, against which he took such pains to caution other less
experienced historians. He has perfectly put himself into King
Henry's own garb and livery, giving as sprightly a view of the
secrets of his Council, as if himself had been President in it."-
English Historical Library.
M
Catherine Macaulay, on the other hand, blames the his-
torian for flattering King James
"So far as to paint his grandfather, Henry the Seventh, in an
amiable light."-Catherine Macaulay's History of England, vol. i.
We proceed to the consideration of Bacon's philosophi-
cal writings. His Essays, or Counsels, Civil and Moral,
were first published in 1597; 2d edition, with additions,
in 1612; 3d, still further augmented, in 1624. In the
dedication to his brother, Anthony Bacon, the author states
that he published his Essays "because many of them had
stolen abroad in writing," and he was anxious to give a
correct impression of them.
"To write just treatises requires leisure in the writer, and lei-
is ancient; for Seneca's Epistles to Lucilius, if you mark them
sure in the reader. . . . The word [Essays] is late, but the thing
well, are but Essays, that is, dispersed meditations, though con-
veyed in the form of Epistles."-From the intended Preface to the
2d edition.
This is the work by which Bacon is best known to the
majority of readers.
"The first in time, and, we may justly say, the first in excel-
lence, of English writings on moral prudence, are the Essays of
Bacon.... The transcendent strength of Bacon's mind is visible
in the whole tenor of these Essays, unequal as they must be
from the very nature of such compositions. They are deeper and
more discriminating than any earlier, or almost any later, work
in the English language: full of recondite observations, long ma-
tured, and carefully sifted. . . . Few books are more quoted, and,
what is not always the case with such books, we may add, that
few are more generally read. In this respect they lead the van of
our prose literature; for no gentleman is ashamed of owning that
he has not read the Elizabethan writers; but it would be some
what derogatory to a man of the slightest claim to polite letters,
were he unacquainted with the Essays of Bacon."-Hallam's In-
troduc. to the Lit. of Europe.
"The virtue of these Essays is too well allowed to require any
comment. Without the elegance of Addison.. or the charming
egotism of Montaigne, they have acquired the widest circulation
and if Bacon had written no more, they would have bequeathed
his name undying to posterity. Burke preferred them to the rest
of his writings, and Dr. Johnson observed, that their excellenco
and value consists in their being the observations of a strong mind
operating upon life, and, in consequence, you will find there what
you seldom find in other books."—Malone's Life of Sir Joshua
Reynolds: Rose's Biog. Dict.: rend the whole of this excellent
sketch of Bacon and his writings.
\
20
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"Under the bead of Ethics may be mentioned the small volume
to which he has given the title of Essays; the best known and
the most popular of all his works. It is also one of those where
the superiority of his genius appears to the greatest advantage;
the novelty and depth of his reflections often receiving a strong
relief from the triteness of his subject. It may be read from be-
ginning to end in a few hours; and yet, after the twentieth peru-
sal, one seldom fails to remark in it something overlooked before.
This indeed is a characteristic of all Bacon's writings, and is only
to be accounted for by the inexhaustible aliment they furnish to
our own thoughts, and the sympathetic activity they impart to
our torpid faculties."-Dugald Sewart, 1st Prel. Diss. to Encyc. Brit.
About the 26th year of his age, Bacon formed the first
sketch of the great work which he designed completing in
his "Instauration of the Sciences." This sketch he enti-
tled Temporus Partus Maximus; The Greatest Birth of
Time. In writing, towards the close of his life, to Father
Fulgentio, a learned Italian, who had asked of him an ac-
count of his works, he remarks,
"Equidem memini me quadraginta abhinc annis juvenile opus-
culum circa has res confecisse, quod magna prorsus fiducia et
wagnifico titulo, Temporis Partum maximum,' inscripsi."
6
The Treatise on the Advancement of Learning, which
was the germ of the De Augmentis Scientiarum, (pub. 1623,)
was published in 1605.
“In this, indeed, the whole of the Baconian philosophy may be
said to be implicitly contained, except, perhaps, the second book of
the Novum Organum."
De Sapientia Veterum [The Wisdom of the Ancients]
1609. Written," as he says, "in the midst of a term and
Parliament.'
"}
“A work which, if it had proceeded from any other writer, would
have been considered as a masterpiece of wit and learning, but
which adds little to the fame of Bacon."-T. B. MACAULAY.
"The aphorisms into which he has digested it being rather the
heads or theses of chapters, at least in many places, that would
have been farther expanded. And it is still more important to
observe that he did not achieve the whole of this summary that he
had promised; but out of nine divisions of his method, we only
possess the first, which he denominates prærogitivæ. Eight others,
of exceeding importance to logic, he has not touched at all, except
to describe them by name, and to promise more. His termino-
logy is often a little affected, and, in Latin, rather barbarous. The
divisions of his prerogative instances in the Novum Organum, are
not always founded upon intelligible distinctions. And the gene-
ral obscurity of the style, neither himself nor his assistants being
good masters of the Latin language, which, at the best, is never
flexible or copious enough for our philosophy, renders the perusal
of both his great works too laborious for the impatient reader.
Brucker has well observed that the Novum Organum has been ne-
glected by the generality, and proved of far less service than it
would otherwise have been in philosophy, in consequence of these
very defects, as well as the real depth of the author's mind.".
HALLAM.
...
To the celebrated Sir Honry Wotton the author sent
three copies of this book, which gift was rewarded by a
very laudatory letter from this famous statesman, diplo-
matist, and author. The Novum Organum has received
the commendations of very eminent authorities, both in
the author's own time, and in every successive generation.
Like all productions of genius, it likewise elicited some
sensorious criticisms.
verses, that it was on the high road to Dunce table. i. e. Dunstable,
and therefore appropriate to the author of such a book. Mr. Se
cretary Cuffe said that it was a book which a fool could not have
written, and a wise man would not.' King James declared it was
like the Peace of God-it passeth all understanding.' Coke
wrote, under a device on the title page, of a ship passing through
the pillars of Hercules,
The goniuses laughed at it. and men of talent and acquire-
mont, whose studies had narrowed their minds into particular
channels, incapable of understanding its reasonings, and appre-
ciating its originality, turned wits for the purpose of ridiculing
the new publication of the philosophie Lord Chancellor. Dr. An-
drows, a forgotten wit of those days, perpetrated a vile pun upon
the town and title of St. Alban's, by saying, in some doggerel
'It deserveth not to be read in schools,
But to be freighted in the ship of fools.'”
To such hypercriticism, the author's faithful friend in
Prosperity and affliction-the friend who had rejoiced in
the rise, and wept over the fall, of "England's High Chan-
cellor," who not only participated in his festive hospitality
in that "high day," when "all things did about him smile,
but entered into his closet on his behalf, in his hour of
darkness and disgrace, to pray that God would "give bim
strength in his day of adversity,”—twice Kare Ben Jonson
thus adverts, when he declares that the Novum Organum,
"Though by the most of superficial men who cannot get be
yond the title of Nominals, it is not penetrated or understood, it
really openeth all defects of learning whatsoever, and is a book
Qui longum noto scriptori proragat ævum.
To latest time shall hand the author's name.
Morbof, in his Polyhistor, commends this work in the
highest terms, remarking that he
<
In this work, he applies morally or politically
“Most of the fables of the Greek Mythology, sometimes display- Organum; this is the scaffold with which the new Philosophy was
ing remarkable acuteness and penetration; at other times an ex-
uberance of fancy which amuses rather than instructs."
Novum Organum, 1620. This work was immediately
honoured by "the warmest expressions of admiration from
the ablest men of Europe."
raised, and when the edifice was built, part of it, at least the scaf-
fold, was no longer of service. The Lord Bacon was not yet ac-
several paths that led to it."-Letters on the English Nation: quoted
quainted with nature, but then he knew, and pointed out, the
in the Biog. Brit. The whole of this excellent article should be
perused.
Let us quote the opinions of a few modern writers:
"Though he possessed, in a most eminent degree, the genius of
philosophy, he did not unite with it the genius of the sciences;
the methods proposed by him for the investigation of truth, con-
sisting entirely of precepts which he was unable to exemplify, had
little or no effect in accelerating the rate of discovery."-CONDOR-
CET: in Dugald Stewart's Prel. Diss. to Encyc. Brit.
"The merits of Bacon, as the father of Experimental Philosophy,
are so universally acknowledged, that it would be superfluous to
touch upon them here. The lights which he has struck out in
various branches of the Philosophy of Mind have been much less
attended to... In the extent and accuracy of his physical know-
ledge. he was far inferior to many of his predecessors; but he sur-
"The greatest of all his works, and the central pile of that edi-
fice of philosophy on which the world has bestowed his name.
The Novum Organum was received with unbounded applause of
the learned, both in his own and foreign nations, and placed the
fame of its author at once above that of every other living author."
This work was valued by Bacon above all his other
writings; twelve times was it revised, altered, and cor-
rected, year by year, before publication. This ambitious
title, in which the author enters the lists with the ancient
"Organon," the logical text-book of Aristotle, shows the
confidence which the modern philosopher entertained in
the value of bis improvements in the art of reasoning.
passed them all in his knowledge of the laws, the resources, and
This production is to be accepted as the second part of
the limits of the human understanding.”—DUGALD STEWART, ibid,
the Instauratio Magna, which he tells us was to be "the
Without any disparagement to the admirable treatise De Aug-
science of a better and more perfect use of reason in the mentis, we must say, that. in our judgment, Bacon's greatest per-
investigation of things, and of the true aids to the under-formance is the first book of the Novum Organum. All the pecu-
standing" in other words, an exposition of the inductive liarities of his extraordinary mind are found there in the highest
method; what we now term the Baconian philosophy. which he gives examples of the influence of the idola, show a
perfection. Many of the aphorisms, but particularly those in
The Novum Organum by no
by no means answers the ex-
nicety of observation that has never been surpassed. Every part
pressed design of the author. We mean that he has not of the book blazes with wit, but with wit which is employed only
filled his own sketch.
to illustrate and decorate truth. No book ever made so great a
revolution in the mode of thinking, overthrew so many prejudices,
introduced so many new opinions.”—T. B. MACAULAY: the reader
should peruse and reperuse this admirable article.
The De Augmentis Scientiarum, a translation of the
Advancement of Learning, revised and enlarged, (sec ante,)
was published in 1623. The Biblical Simile of King
James has been imputed to this, as well as the preceding,
work. The translation was made by Ben Jonson, George
Herbert, and other friends.
""
**J
<
Had found but very little in the books since written by English-
men, the grounds of which he had not long before met with in
Bacon; the extent of his genius struck him with admiration. as
it must do every man who takes the pains to understand him;
because, though this new knowledge of his be very difficult, and
requires much study and application to master it, yet it leads to
the knowledge of things, and not of words.”
Voltaire is not behind in commendation:
"The most singular and the best of all his pieces is that which
is most useless and least read. I mean his Novum Scientiarum
Apothegms, 1625.
"The best jest-book ever given to the public.”—Elin. Rev.,No. 132.
Translation of Psalms into English Verse, 1625.
Ci
Aubrey declared Lord Bacon to have been a good poet, but in
this work his piety is more to be commended than his poetry. It
was dedicated to his friend, the incomparable George Herbert."
Sylva Sylvarum and the New Atlantis.
Among his principal works may also be reckoned the
A list will be
found in Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica. Mr. Montagu's
complete edition, published 1825-34, comprises no less than
17 volumes. As the reader will frequently find in notices
of Bacon's philosophy references to the Instauratio Magna,
or Instauration of the Sciences, we can hardly properly
dismiss our subject without giving a brief programme
(abbreviated from Mr. Hallam's excellent Introduction to
the Lit. of Europe-a book which should be in every lì-
brary) of this noble project of Lord Bacon :
"The Instauratio Magna, dedicated to James, is divided, accord·
ing to the magnificent ground-plot of its author, into six parts.
"The first of these he entitles Partitiones Scientiarum, compro-
hending a general summary of that kind of knowledge which
mankind already possess; yet not merely treating this affirma-
tively, but taking special notice of whatever should seem defilent
or imperfect; sometimes even supplying, by illustration or pre
1
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cept, these vacant spaces of science. This first part he declares to
be wanting in the Instauratio. It has been chiefly supplied by
the treatise De Augmentis Scientiarum; yet. perhaps, even that
does not fully come up to the amplitude of his design.
·
3
The second part of the Instauratio was to be, as he expresses
it, the science of a better and more perfect use of reason in the
investigation of things. and of the true aids of the understanding,'
the new lo, ic or inductive method in which what is eminently
styled the Baconian philosophy consists. This, as far as he completed
it, is known to all by the name of the Novum Organum. But he
seems to have designed a fuller treatise in place of this; the apho-
risms into which he has digested it being rather the heads or
theses of chapters, at least in many places, that would have been
farther expanded. It is entitled by himself Partis secundæ sum-
ma. digesta in aphorismos." See preceding remarks.
"The third part of the Instauratio Magna was to comprise an en-
tire natural history, diligently and scrupulously collected from
experience of every kind: including under that name of natural
history every thing wherein the art of man has been employed on
natural substances, either for practice or experiment; no method
of reasoning being sufficient to guide us to truth as to natural
things, if they are not themselves clearly and exactly apprehended.
It is unnecessary to observe that very little of this immense chart
of nature could be traced by the hand of Bacon, or in his time.
His Centuries of Natural History, containing about one thousand
observed facts and experiments. are a very slender contribution
towards such a description of universal nature as he contem-
plated: these form no part of the Instauratio Magna, and had
been compiled before. . ..
เ
The fourth part, called Scala Intellectus, is also wanting, with
the exception of a very few introductory pages. By these tables,'
says Bacon, we mean not such examples as we subjoin to the
several rules of our method, but types and models, which place
before our eyes the entire progress of the mind in the discovery
of truth. selecting various and remarkable instances.'
..
In the fifth part of the Instauratio Magna, Bacon had designed
to give a specimen of the new philosophy which he hoped to raise
after a due use of his natural history and inductive method, by
way of anticipation or sample of the whole. He calls it Prodromi,
sive Anticipationes Philosophiæ Secunda. And some fragments
of this part are published by the names Cogitata et Visa, Cogita-
tiones de Natura Rerum, Filum Labyrinthi, and a few more, being
as much, in all probability, as he had reduced to writing. In his
own metaphor, it was to be like the payment of interest till the
principal could be raised; tanquam foenus reddatur, donec sors
haberi possit.
·
"For he despaired of ever completing the work by a sixth and
last portion, which was to display a perfect system of philosophy,
deduced and confirmed by a legitimate, sober, and exact inquiry,
according to the method which he had invented and laid down.
George Sandys, the poet and traveller, in his learned
notes on his version of Ovid's Metamorphoses, acknow-
ledges himself to be much beholden to the De Sapientia
Veterum, and styles the writer the "crown of all modern
authors.'
Having thus reviewed at some length the principal
works of Lord Bacon, perhaps a fitting conclusion to our
sketch will be a citation of some opinions, in addition to
those we have presented, respecting an author who has
been not extravagantly lauded as the "Glory and orna-
ment of his age and nation:"
b
Though there was bred in Mr. Bacon so early a dislike of the
Physiology of Aristotle, yet he did not despise him with that
pride and haughtiness with which youth is wont to be puffed up.
He had a just esteem of that great master of learning, greater
than that which Aristotle expressed himself towards the philoso-
phers that went before him; for he endeavoured (some say) to stifle
all their labours, designing to himself an universal monarchy
over opinions. as his patron Alexander did over men. Our hero
owned what was excellent in him. but in his inquiries into nature
he proceeded not upon his principles. He began the work anew,
and laid the foundation of philosophic theory in numerous expe-
riments.”—ARCHBISHOP TENISON: Baconía,
This plan as laid down by him looks liker an universal art than
a distinct logic, and the design is too great, and the induction too
large to be made by one man, or any society of men in one age, if at
all practicable. For whatever opinion he might have of the con-
clusiveness of this way, one cross circumstance in an experiment
would as easily overthrow his induction, as an ambiguous word
would disorder a syllogism; and a man needs only make a trial in
any part of natural history, as left us by my Lord Bacon, to see how
conclusive his induction was like to have been. To say nothing,
that notwithstanding his blaming the common logics, as being too
much spent in words, himself runs into the fault he condemns: for
what else can we make of his Idola Tribus, Idola Specus, Fori,
Theatri; or of his instantiæ, solitariæ, migrantes, ostensivæ, clan-
destinæ, constitutivæ, &c., but fine words put to express very
common and ordinary things?"-BAKER.
Mr. T. B. Macaulay has a criticism upon the Baconian
terminology somewhat of the same character as Mr. Baker's,
which he thus humorously phrases:
"We are not inclined to ascribe much practical value to the
analysis of the inductive method which Bacon has given in the
second book of the Novum Organum. It is indeed an elaborate
and correct analysis. But it is an analysis of that which we are
all doing from morning to night, and which we continue to do even
in our dreams.
in our dreams. A plain man finds his stomach out of order. He
never heard Lord Bacon's name. [He must, indeed, be a "plain
man." like Jacob, “dwelling in tents," never to have heard of Lord
Bacon.] But he proceeds in the strictest conformity with the rules
laid down in the second book of the Novum Organum, and satis-
fies himself that minced pies have done the mischief. I ate minced
pies on Monday and Wednesday, and I was kept awake by indi-
gestion all night.' This is the comparentia ad intellectum instan-
tiurum convenientium. I did not eat any on Tuesday and Friday,
and I was quite well.' This is the comparentia instantiarum in
proximo quæ natura data privantur. 'late very sparingly of them
on Sunday, and was very slightly indisposed in the evening. But
on Christmas-day I almost dined on them, and was so ill that I was
in some danger. This is the comparentia instantiarum secundum
magis et minus. It cannot have been the brandy which I took
with them; for I have drunk brandy daily for years without being
the worse for it.' This is the rejectio naturarum Our invalid then
proceeds to what is termed by Bacon the Vindemiatio, and pro-
nounces that minced pies do not agree with him. We might go
on to what are called by Bacon prærogativæ instantiarum. For
example: 'It must be something peculiar to minced pies, for I can
eat any other pastry without the least bad effect.' This is the in-
stantia solitaria. We might easily proceed, but we have already
sufficiently explained our meaning.'
'
"To perfect this last part is above our powers, and beyond our
hopes. We may, as we trust, make no despicable beginnings; the
destinies of the human race must complete it; in such a manner,
perhaps, as men looking only at the present would not readily
conceive. For upon this will depend not only a speculative good,
but all the fortunes of mankind, and all their power.' And with
an eloquent prayer that his exertions may be rendered effectual to
the attainment of truth and happiness. this introductory chapter
of the Instauratio, which announces the distribution of its por
tions, concludes. Such was the temple, of which Bacon saw in
vision before him the stately front and decorated pediments, in all
Now this is all very amusing, but whether it have any
other merit, we leave it to the reader to decide. We contend
that this devotee to minced pies argues more like a philoso-
pher who had profited by the inductive mode, (although
perhaps ignorant of its terminology,) than "plain men who
have never heard of Lord Bacon" are apt to reason. Fur-
their breadth of light and harmony of proportion, while longther, it is not indispensable to a "plain men's" profiting by
vistas of receding columns and glimpses of internal splendour re-
vealed a glory that it was not permitted him to comprehend. In
the treatise De Augmentis Scientiarum, and in the Novum Orga-
num. we have less, no doubt, than Lord Bacon. under different
conditions of life, might have achieved; he might have been more
emphatically the high-priest of nature, if he had not been the
Chancellor of James I.; but no one man could have filled up the
vast outline which he alone, in that stage of the world, could have
so boldly sketched.”
nature.
It is proper to refer to Bacon's celebrated division of
Human Learning, into the three branches of-1. History;
2. Poetry; and 3. Philosophy; (vide De Augmentis Sci-
De Augmentis Sci-
entiarum, lib. i.,) connected with-1. Memory; 2. Ima-
gination; and 3. Reason. Bacon's Intellectual Chart has
been corrected and improved by his ingenious disciple,
D'Alembert. The subject is a tempting one for enlarge-
ment, but we have already far exceeded our intended
limits, and must refer our reader for information on this
and other topics connected with the Baconian philosophy
to the 1st and 3d Prel. Diss. to the Encyc. Brit. The
names of Stewart and Playfair afford a sufficient guaran-
tee for instruction and entertainment.
the Baconian system, that he should have heard of Lord
Bacon. It is with philosophy as with the light of the sun-
thousands enjoy its advantages where one understands its
The question is whether the reveller in minced
pies in the 19th century, be not more favourably situated
for the correction of undue indulgence, than was his brother
epicure of the 16th century. Or whether a man who was
put to bed by minced pies under the Organon of Aristotle,
would not suffer a daily repetition of the offence and pen-
alty, instead of reasoning and abjuring, as does Mr. Ma-
caulay's invalid, under the brighter dispensation of the
Organon of Bacon. Besides, the whole business of life is
not to luxuriate in minced pics: the Mart, the Forum, the
Altar, and the Camp, all have their duties and their codes,
which, if based upon reason, may be perfected by induc-
tion; and unless Mr. Macaulay indited his able essay about
Christmas-time, for the January number of the Edinburgh,
we cannot conceive how he happened to select so odd an
illustration of the instantiarum convenientem. But to be
serious: we happen to remember a passage of Mr. Hallam's,
bearing upon such objections as those advanced by Mr.
Baker and Mr. Macaulay; whether meant for these gen-
tlemen or not, we have no means of knowing, but his reflec-
tions could not be more to the purpose:
6.
""
Those who object to the importance of Lord Bacon's precepts
in philosophy, that mankind have practised many of them imme-
morially, are rather confirming their utility, than taking off much
from their originality to any fair sense of that term. Every logical
method is built on the common faculties of human nature, which
have been exercised since the Creation in discerning, better or worse,
truth from falsehood, and inferring the unknown from the known.
That men might have done this more correctly, is manifest from
the quantity of error into which, from want of reasoning well on
what came before them, they have habitually fallen. In experi
mental philosophy, to which the more special rules of Lord Bacon
are generally referred. there was a notorious want of that very
process of reasoning which he has supplied."-Introduction to Lit.
Europe, vol. ii.
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Bushel, in his Abridgment of Bacon's Philosophical
Theory in Mineral Prosecutions, gives a pathetic account
of the sad fall of the Lord Chancellor:
66
Shortly after the king dissolved the Parliament. but never re
stored that matchless lord to his place. which made him then to
wish the many years he had spent in state policy and law study
had been solely devoted to true philosophy: for (said he) the one,
ut the best, doth but comprehend man's frailty in its greatest
splendour; but the other the mysterious knowledge of all things
created in the six days' work."
We need no voucher for the authenticity of this reflec-
tion! It is Lord Bacon's! The image and the superscrip-
tion are there! We are told by Rushworth that
"He treasured up nothing for himself or family, but was over
Indulgent to his servants, and connived at their takings, and their
ways betrayed him to that error: they were profuse and expensive,
|
and had at their command whatever he was master of.”
"Who can forbear to observe and lament the weakness and in-
firmity of human nature? To see a man so far exalted above the
common level of his fellow-creatures. to sink so far below it; to see
a man who, like Seneca, gave admirable rules for the conduct of
life, and condemning the avaricious pursuit after riches, and, what
† unlike Seneca, condemning them in his own person, and yet be
defiled thereby."-Sephens's Introduction to Bucm's Letters.
"The Chancellor being convicted of bribery, pretends. as if being
weary of honour, he would resign his place. being much loaded
with calumnies."—Camden's Annals of King James.
*
His great spirit was brought low, and this humiliation might
have raised him again, if his offences had not been so weighty as
to keep him down. . . . He was a fit jewel to have beautified and
adorned a flourishing kingdom, if his flaws had not disgraced the
lustre that should have set him off."-Wilson's Life and Reign of
King James.
The Parliament was prorogued at Easter. from the 27th of
March to the 18th of April, the marquis having his eye therein
upon the Lord Chancellor, to try if time could mitigate the dis-
pleasure, which in both Houses was strong against him.”—HACKET:
Life of Archbishop Williams.
An eminent authority remarks that
"The Earl of Salisbury was an excellent speaker, but no good
penman; Lord Henry Howard was an excellent penman, but no
good speaker; Sir Francis Bacon alike eminent for both."-SIR
WALTER RALEIGH.
Lord Bacon committed his Orations and Epistles to the
care of Archbishop Williams, who addressed him as follows:
"Your Lordship doth most worthily, therefore, in preserving
these two pieces among the rest of those matchless monuments
you shall leave behind you: considering that as one age hath not
bred your experience, so is it not fit it should be confined to one
age, and not imparted to the times to come: for my part therein,
I do embrace the honour with all thankfulness, and the trust im-
posed upon me with all religion and devotion.”
"Your Lordship hath done a great and everlasting benefit to all
the children of Nature, and to Nature herself in her utmost ex-
tent of latitude, who never before had so noble nor so true an in-
terpreter, or (as I am readier to style your Lordship) never so in-
ward a Secretary of her cabinet."--Letter from Sir Henry Wallon,
on receiving a copy of the Novum Organum.
The University of Oxford, shortly after his fall, acknow-
ledged, in the most laudatory terms, the gift of a copy of
the De Augmentis Scientiarum :
"Right honourable, and what in nobility is almost a miracle,
most learned Viscount! Your honour could have given nothing
more agreeable, and the University could have received nothing
more acceptable than the Sciences. . . . She readily acknowledgeth,
that though the Muses are born in Oxford, they grow elsewhere:
grown they are, and under your pen, who, like some mighty Her-
cules in learning, have by your own hand, further advanced those
pillars in the learned world, which by the rest of that world were
supposed immovable."
Mr. Francis Osborn declares that Bacon was
"The most universal genius he had ever seen, or was ever like
to see, had he lived ever so long. He was so excellent, so agree-
able a speaker, that all who heard him were uneasy if he was in-
terrupted, and sorry when he concluded.... Now this general
knowledge he had in all things husbanded by his wit, and digni-
fied by so majestical a carriage, he was known to own. struck such
an awful reverence in those he questioned, that they durst not
conceal the most intrinsic part of their mysteries from him, for
fear of appearing ignorant or saucy: all which rendered him no
less necessary than admirable at the Council-table, where in refer-
ence to impositions, monopolies, &c., where the meanest manufae
tures were a usual argument; and, as I have heard. did in this
battle the Earl of Middlesex, that was born and bred a Citizen:
yet without any great, (if at all.) interrupting his other studies.
as is not hard to be imagined of a quick apprehension, in which
he was admirable.”—Miscell. Works of Francis Osborn, 1722.
"Pity it was he was not entertained with some liberal salary,
abstracted from all affairs both of court and judicature, and für-
nished with sufficiency both of means and helps for the going on
of his design; which, had it been, he might have given us such a
body of Natural Philosophy, and made it so subservient to the
public good, that neither Aristotle nor Theophrastus amongst the
Ancients, nor Paracelsus, or the rest of our latest chymists, would
have been considerable."-DR. PETER HEYLIN: Life of Archb. Loud.
Cowley, in his Pindaric on the Royal Society, lauds the
"mighty discoveries of the great Lord Bacon."
"Methinks," says Bishop Sprat in his History of the Royal So-
ciety, “in this one man I do at once find enough occasion to ad-
mire the strength of human wit, and to bewail the weakness of a
mortal condition; for is it not wonderful, that he who had run
through all the degrees of that profession which usually takes up
men's whole time, who and studied. and practised, and governed
the Common Law, who had always lived in the crowd, and borne
the greatest burden of civil business, should yet find leisure
enough for these retired studies, to excel all those men who sepa-
rate themselves for this very purpose? He was a man of strong,
clear, powerful imagination: his genius was searching and in-
vincible, and of this I need give no other proof than his style it-
self; which. as. for the most part, it describes men's minds as well
as pictures do their bodies, so it did his above all men living; the
course of it vigorous and majestic: the wit, bold and familiar: the
comparisons, fetched out of the way, and yet the most easy; in
all, expressing a soul equally skilled in men and nature."
The incomparable Mr. Boyle speaks often of our author in his
works, and always with honour; he styles him sometimes an il-
lustrious, at others. an admirable and excellent, Philosopher, and,
which is a higher commendation than any phrase could have ex-
pressed, he often imitates him, and professes a desire of treading
in his paths. Dr. Power, one of the most active and judicious
among the first members of the Royal Society, in a learned treatise
of his, places at the head of his chapters the Latin text from the
Lord Verulam's works, to shew that all the honour he had claimed
was to have prosecuted his views.”
No trivial passages, (referring to the Life of Henry VII.] such
as are below the notice of a statesman, are mixed with his sage
remarks; nor is any thing of weight or moment slubbered over
with that careless haste and indifferency which is too cominon in
other writers. No allowances are given to the author's own con-
jecture or invention, where a little pains and consideration will
serve to set the matter in its proper and true light. No imperti-
nent digressions, nor fanciful comments distract his readers; but
the whole is written in such a grave and uniform style, as he-
comes both the subject and the artificer."-BISHOP NICOLSON:
English Historical Library.
*
On the other hand. Catherine Macaulay objects to the
portraiture of Henry VII., as we have seen, and prefaces
her dissent with some very severe strictures on the author:
Thus ignominious was the fall of the famous Bacon! despica-
ble in all the active parts of life, and only glorious in the con-
templative. Him the rays of knowledge served but to embellish,
not enlighten: and philosophy itself was degraded by a conjunc-
tion with his mean soul: we are told that he often lamented that
ambition and vain glory had diverted him from spending his
whole time in the manner worthy of his extensive genius: but
there is too much reason to believe. from his conduct, that these
sentiments arose from the weight of his mortifications, and not
from the conviction of his judgment. He preferred mean applica-
tions to James, and continued to flatter him so far, as to paint his
grandfather, Henry the Seventh, in an amiable light.”—History
of England, vol. i.
Rushworth remarks, that
"His decrees were generally made with so much equity, that,
though gifts rendered him suspected for injustice, yet never any
decree made by him was reversed as unjust.”—Collections, vol. i.
The Chancellor made an earnest defence, both when first
accused and after sentence. When first suspected, he con-
fidently declares his innocence in a letter to Buckingham:
"Your Lordship spoke of Purgatory. I am now in it. But my
mind is in a calm: for my fortune is my felicity. I know I have
clean hands and a clean heart: and. I hope, a clean house for
friends or servants. But Job himself. or whosoever was the just-
est Judge, by such hunting for matters against him, as hath been
used against me. may for a time seem foul, especially in a time
when greatness is the mark, and accusation is the game.”
This indignant defence compares strangely with his
after confession, and with his letter to the Lords before
his formal and detailed acknowledgment. He remarks,
that understanding some justification was expected from
him, he had
“Chosen one only justification instead of all others: for after
the clear submission and confession which he should then make
to their Lordships, he hoped he might say, and justify with Job
in these words. I have not hid my sin as did Adam, nor con-
cealed my fault in my bosom."
".
Not only so, but when he resigned the seals, he accom-
panied the act with the pathetic exclamation: Rex dedit,
culpa abstulit!" that is, "The King gave, and my own
faults have taken away!"
Yet Mr. Montagu, with charming naïveté, asks us to be-
lieve that Bacon was innocent; that he could have proved
his entire innocence: but was generously willing to sacri-
fice himself at the command of the King and the favourite.
Like the Roman of old, he determined to close the “ great
gulf fixed" between the throne and the Parliament, by
self-immolation. Mr. Montagu is grave: therefore, we pre-
sume, serious. We have seen that he defends Bacon's
prosecution of Essex by that rule of legal morality which
makes the advocate abjure every consideration which may
interfere with his official character. He now makes Bacon
utter the grossest falsehoods, and expose himself to the
merited condemnation of the world for judicial corrup-
tion, in order to gratify his King and please the King's
favourite. First, he sacrifices his friend to his court brief,
and then immolates himself to his King's whim. Verily,
the golden rule itself is but selfishness compared to such
abnegation! Damon and Pythias will fade in story, and
the Suttee pyre hardly arrest the attention of the pass-
ing stranger!
Addison, after stating that he would "show that all the
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BAC
BAC
*
laymen who have exerted a more than ordinary genius in
their writings, and were the glory of their times, were
men whose hopes were filled with immortality, and the
prospect of future rewards, and men who lived in a duti-
ful submission to all the doctrines of revealed religion,"-
goes on to remark :
"I shall in this paper only instance Sir Francis Bacon, a man
who, for greatness of genius, and compass of knowledge, did ho-
nour to his age and country; I could almost say to human nature
itself. He possessed at once all those extraordinary talents which
were divided amongst the greatest authors of antiquity. He had
the sound, distinct, comprehensive knowledge of Aristotle, with
all the beautiful lights, graces, and embellishments of Cicero.
One does not know which to admire most in his writings, the
strength of reason, force of style, or brightness of imagination.”
Tuller, No. 267.
>>
7
Sheffield, Duke of Buckinghamshire, asserts that
"All his works are, for expression, as well as thought, the glory
of our nation and of all latter ages.'
""
|
Condé de Gondamar wrote him a letter on his fall, in
which he assures him of the King of Spain's interposition,
if he judged it any way convenient for the restoring of his
condition. Stephens's Collection.
Lord Cavendish, afterwards Earl of Devonshire, received
a letter from Italy, in which it was stated that
"Lord Bacon was more and more known, and his books more
and more delighted in; so that those men who had more than
ordinary knowledge in human affairs, esteemed him one of the
most capable spirits of that age.”
M. Voiture writes:
C
"I find every thing perfectly fine that you have sent me of Ba-
con, but do you not think that Horace, who said, 'Visum Britan-
nos hospitibus feros, would be much more astonished to hear a
barbarian talk in this manner, and to see that there is not perhaps
at this day a Roman who speaks so good Latin as this English
man? And would not Juvenal say, with greater reason than ever,
Nunc totus Grajas nostrasque habet orbis Athenas?"
This compliment of M. Voiture will perhaps recall to
some of our readers the epigram with which the learned
Grotius honoured John Barclay's classical erudition: it
will be found under his portrait prefixed to the "Argenis:"
*** Gente Caledonius, Gallus natalibus, hic est
Romam Romano qui docet ore loqui.'
A Scot by blood-and French by birth--this man
At Rome speaks Latin as no Roman can.”
Grotius speaks most favourably also of Bacon's Life of
Henry VII., and the learned Conringius fully agrees with
this opinion.
>>
Baron Puffendorf commends him in the most exalted
terms:
"The late most wise Chancellor of England was the chief writer
of our age, and carried as it were the standard that we might press
forward, and make greater discoveries in Philosophic matters, than
any of which hitherto our schools had rung. So that if in our
time any great improvements have been made in Philosophy,
there has been not a little owing to that great man."-Specimen
Controvers., cap. i.
Puffendorf's representation of Bacon as a "standard-
bearer," instantly reminds us of the philosopher's own mo-
dest and beautiful comparison. In a letter to the Earl of
In a letter to the Earl of
Salisbury, he remarks that in his book he was "contented
to awake better spirits, being himself like a bell-ringer,
who is first up to call others to church.". To carry on the
ecclesiastical simile, as Aristotle has been called the Pope
of Philosophy until "a greater arose in his place," we may
compare Bacon, not to the bell-ringer in the steeple, but to
the Luther in the pulpit, who questioned his infallibility,
and struck a fatal blow at the supremacy of that school
which “made nothing perfect," though the bringing in of
a better system did.
Francis Buddens styles Bacon a
"New light in Philosophy, one who first united speculation and
practice, and opened a passage to those mighty discoveries that have
been made since his time."-Compendium Historiæ Philosophicæ.
Voltaire calls him
"The father of experimental philosophy, owning that what sur-
prised him most was to find the Doctrine of Attraction, which
is looked upon to be the foundation of another philosophy, ex-
pressly set down in Lord Bacon's, in words not to be controverted
or mistaken."
*Bacon was generous, easy, good-natured. and naturally just.
But he had the misfortune to be beset by domestic harpies, who,
in a manner. farmed out his office; and he had given way to into
lerable impositions upon the subject among the masters in Chan-
cery.”~GUTHRIE,
So Addison :
"His principal fault seems to have been the excess of that vir-
tue which covers a multitude of faults. This betrayed him to so
great an indulgence towards his servants, who made a corrupt use
of it, that it stripped him of all those riches and honours which a
long series of merits had heaped upon him."-Tutler, No. 267.
This is indeed a specimen of suaviter in modo. But
Wilson, "who is acknowledged not to have been prejudiced
against the chancellor," speaks in a very different strain:
He was the true emblem of human frailty, being more than
a man in some things, and less than a woman in others. Ilis
crimes were briery and extortion; and these he had often con-
..
demned others for as a judge, which now he came to suffer for as a
delinquent. And they were proved and aggravated against him
with so many circumstances, that they fall very foully upon him,
both in relation to his reception of them, and his expending of
them."-Kennet's History of England.
It may be pertinent to remark here that Buckingham's
displeasure at the manner in which Williams received his
suggestions relative to depending cases in the Court of
Chancery, gives reason to fear that the preceding Lord
Keeper was more compliant.-Bacon's Letters, by Birch,
Hacket's Life of Archbp. Williams.
Hume remarks that
“Bacon was a man universally admired for the greatness of his
genius, and beloved for the courteousness and humanity of his
behaviour. He was the great ornament of his age and nation;
and nought was wanting to render him the ornament of human
nature itself, but that strength of mind which might check bis in-
temperate desire of preferment, that could add nothing to his dig-
nity, and restrain his profuse inclination to expense, that could be
requisite neither for his honour nor entertainment.”—History of
Great Britain.
"The great glory of literature in this Island, during the reiga
of James, was my Lord Bacon. Most of his performances were
composed in Latin; though he possessed neither the elegance of
that, nor of his native tongue. If we consider the variety of
talents displayed by this man-as a public speaker, a man of
business, a wit, a courtier, a companion, an author, a philosopher-
he is justly the object of great admiration. If we consider him
merely as an author and philosopher, the light in which we view
him at present, though very estimable, he was yet inferior to his
contemporary, Galileo, perhaps even to Kepler. Bacon pointed
out at a distance the road to true philosophy: Galileo both pointed
it out to others, and made himself considerable advances in it."—
Ibid.
Upon which we have in the British Biography:
admirable astronomer: but though we admit their superiority in
"Galileo was undoubtedly an illustrious man, and Kepler au
astronomy, mechanics, and some particular branches of physical
knowledge. it does by no means follow that either of them were
greater philosophers than Bacon. The praise of Bacon is founded
not upon his skill in this or that particular branch of knowledge,
but on his great and comprehensive understanding, which took
in almost the whole extent of universal science. And he was so
little indebted to the partiality of his countrymen, that his writ-
ings appear, for some time at least, to have been more esteemed
and admired in foreign countries than in England.”
His eminent French disciple, D'Alembert, by whose
means his writings were more widely introduced to the
French than they had been previously, cannot sufficiently
commend our author:
"On considering attentively the sound, intelligent, and exten-
sive views of this great man, the multiplicity of objects his pierc-
ing wit had comprehended within its sphere, the elevation of his
style, that everywhere makes the boldest images to coalesce with
the most vigorous precision, we should be tempted to esteem him
as the greatest. the most universal, and the most eloquent of phi-
losophers. His works are justly valued, perhaps more valued
than known, and, therefore, more deserving of our study than
eulogium."-An. Reg., vol. xvi.; see the whole of this article.
We consider Mr. Hume to be sufficiently punished. He
was the last man to weigh Bacon, who has displayed so
little of the spirit of the true philosopher himself. His
theory of evidence would never have been allowed to ex-
pose his folly to the world, had he understood even the
Comparentia ad intellectum instantiarum convenientem.
Bacon's genius was indeed comprehensive. Sir John
Hawkins states that
"Lord Bacon, in his natural history, has given a great variety
barely a philosopher, an enquirer into the phænomena of sound,
of experiments touching music, that show him to have been not
but a master of the science of harmony, and very intimately ac
quainted with the precepts of musical composition."
Sir John quotes the following remark of Lord Bacon
as a proof of his knowledge of the sciences:
"The sweetest and best harmony is when every part or instru
ment is not heard by itself. but a conflation of them all; which
requireth to stand some distance off; even as it is in the mixture
of perfumes, or the taking the smells of several flowers in the
air."—History of Music. The above authorities, quoted from the
Biographia Britannica, should be read at length.
His chaplain tells us that our great philosopher pursued
the true plan of acquiring general knowledge : "He would
We have referred
light his torch at every man's candles.”
to the graphic picture which Osborn gives us of his puz-
zling Lord Middlesex at the council-table by his minute
knowledge of manufactures and the rules of trade. Os.
born further tells us:
"I have heard him entertain a country lord in the proper terms
relating to hawks and dogs; and at another time out-cant a Lon-
don chirurgeon."
Pope refers to the precision of Bacon's language:
"Words that wise Bacon or grave Raleigh spake."
composed from his works; but this compliment is very in-
An English dictionary, Mr. Seward remarks, might be
definite, and not one, we think, which Bacon would have
coveted. Dugald Stewart remarks, in reference to Bacon's
design of classifying the multifarious objects of human
knowledge:
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BAC
BAC
encyclopædists, seems to be ignorant of any criminal
charges against the ex-chancellor. His name was in high
renown on the continent, and "eminent foreigners crossed
the seas on purpose to see and discourse with him." When
the Marquis D'Effrat, who caused his Essays to be trans-
lated into English, escorted Henrietta Maria, the Queen
of Charles I., to England, he visited Bacon, and was re-
ceived by his Lordship, who was confined to his bed by
sickness, with the curtains drawn: "You resemble the
angels," remarked the Marquis: "we hear those beings
constantly talked of, we believe them superior to mankind,
and we never have the consolation to see them." His
lordship replied that, "If the charity of others compared
him to an angel, his own infirmities told him he was a man."
Stephens's Account of Lord Bacon's Life. The Marquis
returned home, bearing the philosopher's picture with him,
"The power and compass of a mind which could form such a corresponding with him ever after, and esteemed it a pe-
plan beforehand, and trace not merely the outline, but many ofculiar honour to be styled, by his illustrious friend, his son.
the most minute ramifications of sciences which did not yet exist, We have referred to that memorable dinner at York
must be an object of admiration to all succeeding ages.”—Ibid. House, when the Lord Chancellor, with a chosen party (f
distinguished friends, "celebrated his entrance into his
sixtieth year." We shall quote Ben Jonson's poem (a
specimen of which we have already given) on this inte-
resting, we may say august, occasion. As few of our readers
have the opportunity of seeing the lines in their original
dress, we shall retain the antiquated orthography of the
day. The form of the poem
"We must constantly remember that the philosophy of Bacon
was left exceedingly incomplete. Many lives would not have
sufficed for what he had planned. and he gave only the lura sub
secina of his own. It is evident that he had turned his thoughts
to physical philosophy, rather for an exercise of his reasoning facul-
ties, than from any peculiar aptitude for their subjects, much less
any advantage of opportunity for their cultivation. He was more
eminently the philosopher of human than of general nature.
Burke, perhaps, comes, of all modern writers, the nearest to him;
but though Bacon may not be more profound than Burke, he is
still more comprehensive."-HALLAM: Introduc. to Hist. Lit.
horæ
•
6.
Implies a very beautiful fiction; the poet starting, as it were,
on his entering York House, at the sight of the Genius of the
place performing some mystery, which, penetrating from the gaiety
of his look, affords matter for the compliment:"
After this "cloud of witnesses" to the surpassing merits
of our great philosopher, let us revert to the opinions of
some of his contemporaries. "The Queen did acknow-
ledge," says the Earl of Essex in a letter to Bacon himself,
"you had a great wit, and an excellent gift of speech, and
much other good learning. But in law, she rather thought
you could make shew to the utmost of your knowledge,
than that you were deep."
+6
If it be asked says Dr. Hurd, how the Queen came to form
this conclusion, the answer is plain. It was from Mr. Bacon's
having a great wit, an excellent gift of speech, and much other
good learning."-Hurd's Dialogues.
"Nor must it be forgotten, to the glory of his genius, that what
he failed to accomplish remains to this day a desideratum in
science that the intellectual chart delineated by himn is, with all its
imperfections, the only one of which modern philosophy has yet
to boast; and that the united talents of D'Alembert and Diderot,
aided by all the lights of the eighteenth century, have been able
to add but little to what Bacon performed.”—1st Prel. Diss. lo
Encyc. Brit.
"At the time when Bacon wrote, it might truly be said, that a
small portion, even of the learned ages, and of the abilities of
learned men, had been dedicated to the study of natural philoso-
phy. This served, in his opinion, to account for the imperfect
state in which he found human knowledge in general; for he
thought it certain that no part of knowledge could attain much
excellence without having its foundation laid in physical science."
-PROF. PLAYPAIR: 3d Prel. Diss. to Encyc. Brit.
Professor Playfair further remarks, after an analysis of
a portion of the Novum Organum, the second part of the
Instauration of the Sciences:
But Mr. Stewart opposes to Queen Elizabeth's judgment
on the law item that of Mr. Hargrave:
"What might we not have expected from the hands of such a
master. if his vast mind had not so embraced within its compass
the whole field of science, as very much to detach him from pro-
fessional studies?"
Of the exact sciences, Bacon was by no means a master;
he neither knew, nor cared to know, much of the Mathe-
matics. He underrated the value of this instrumentality,
undoubtedly. Hobbes was an intimate of Bacon, and, we
presume, supplied Aubrey with the pleasing information he
communicates, that, "in short, all that were great and good
loved and honoured him."
Let us not forget the commendation of our great favour-
ite, quaint Thomas Fuller:
"He fell into a dislike of Aristotle's Philosophy as barren and
jejune, enabling some to dispute, more to mangle, few to find out
truth, and none, if confining themselves to his principles. Hence
it was that afterwards he traded so largely in experiments; so
that, as Socrates is said to be the first who stooped towering specu-
lations into practical morality, Sir Francis was one of the first who
reduced notional to real and scientifical philosophy. . . . His
abilities were a clear confutation of two vulgar errors, (libels on
learned men :) first, that judgment, wit, fancy, and memory can-
not conveniently be in conjunction in the same person; whereas
our knight was a rich cabinet. filled with all four, besides a golden
key to open it.-Elocution. Secondly, That he who is something
in all, is nothing in any one art: whereas he was singular in sin-
gulis, and, being in-at-all, came off with credit. Such who condemn
him for pride, if in his place, with the fifth part of his parts. had
been ten times prouder themselves. . . . He may be said to have
left nothing to his executors, and all to his heirs, under which
notion the learned of all ages may be held.”—Worthies.
t
“Bacon, when like himself-for no man was ever more inconsist-
ent says. Prudens questio-dimidum scientiæ est."-Coleridge:
Table Talk.
"When I look at the mind of Lord Bacon, it seems rast, original,
penetrating, analogical, beyond all competition. When I look at
his character, it is wavering, shuffling. mean. In the closing scene,
and in that only, he appears in true diguity, as a man of profound
contrition."-Cecil's Remains.
"Lord Bacon was the greatest genius that England, or perhaps
any other country, ever produced.”—POPE: Spence's Anecdotes.
"In his Novum Organum he has laid down the whole method
that Descartes afterwards followed."-LORD BOLINGBROKE: SPENCE.
It is no little satisfaction to observe that the melancholy
fall of this great man seems to have excited but little at-
tention in foreign countries: where known, doubtless in
many cases it was attributed to political prejudices, or the
effects of that envy and malignity which, as Bacon him-
self phrases it, makes "greatness the mark, and accusa-
tion the game."
Bayle, one of the most inquisitive and gossiping of
-
LORD BACON'S BIRTH DAY.
"Haile, happie Genius of this antient pile!
How comes it all things so about thee smile?
The fire, the wine, the men, and in the midst
Thou stand'st, as if some mystery thou did'st!
Pardon, I read it in thy face, the day
For whose returnes, and many. all these pray:
And so doe I. This is the sixtieth year,
Since Bacon, and thy Lord, was borne and here;
Son to the grave, wise Keeper of the Seale,
Fame and foundation of the English weale:
What then his father was, that since is he,
Now with a title more to the degree.
England's High Chancellor! the destined heire
In his soft cradle to his father's chair;
Whose even thred the Fates spinne round and full,
Out of their choycest and their whitest wooll.
'Tis a brave cause of joy; let it be knowne.—
For 'twere a narrow gladnesse, kept thine owne.
Give me a deep-crowned bowle, that I may sing,
In raysing him, the wysdome of my King.”
"Verily every man at his best estate is altogether
vanity!" Well was it said by the sage of old-" Call no
man happy while he lives!" Even then, on that high
festal day, the handwriting was on the wall, the decree
had gone forth-" Thy glory hath departed from thee !"
A few weeks more, and he who so proudly entertained the
chief estates of the realm on his natal day—the man whom
the king delighted to honour, the first statesman of his
court, and the most illustrious philosopher of his age-
bowed his head in agony, and in deepest humiliation ut-
tered the touching prayer: "I beseech your Lordships be
merciful to a broken reed !"
Let us trust that he proved that "sweet are the uses of
adversity!" That in his hour of darkness he could ex-
claim with the Royal Psalmist, who also "passed through
the deep waters:"
"Bonum mihi quia humiliasti me: ut discam justificationes
tuas!"
That affliction was thus profitable to him, we have good
ground for believing. In that solemn and affecting prayer
with which he turned unto the Lord his God, we have evi-
dence of unfeigned humiliation and heartfelt devotion.
Mr. Addison quotes this in the Tatler, with some most ap-
propriate prefatory remarks:
"I was infinitely pleased to find among the works of this extra-
ordinary man a prayer of his own composing, which, for the eleva
tion of thought, and greatness of expression, seems rather the
In this prayer, at the same
devotion of au angel than a man. · · ·
time that we find him prostrating himself before the great mercy-
seat, and troubled under afflictions which at that time lay heavy
upon him. we see him supported by the sense of his integrity, his
zeal, his devotion, and his love to mankind; which give him a
much higher figure in the minds of thinking men, than that great-
write down the prayer itself, with the title with it, as it was found
ness had done from which he had fallen. I shall beg leave to
amongst his lordship's papers. written in his own hand; not being
able to furnish my readers with an entertainment more suitable
to this solemn time.”—Tatler, 267, December 23, 1710.
A Prayer, or Psalm, made by my Lord Bacon, Chancellor
of England.
"Most gracious Lord God, my merciful Father from my youth
up! My Creator, my Redeemer, my Comforter! Thou, O Lord,
soundest and searchest the depths and secrets of all hearts; thou
ذر
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BAC
acknowledgest the upright of heart; thou judgest the hypocrite;
thou ponderest men's thoughts and doings as in a balance; thou
measurest their intentions as with a line; vanity and crooked
ways cannot be hid from thee.
"Remember, O Lord! how thy servant hath walked before thee;
remember what I have first sought, and what hath been principal
in my intentions. I have loved thy assemblies, I have mourned
for the divisions of thy church, I have delighted in the brightness
of thy sanctuary. This vine, which thy right hand hath planted
in this nation, I have ever prayed unto thee that it might have
the first and the latter rain, and that it might stretch her branches
to the seas and to the floods. The state and bread of the poor and
oppressed have been precious in mine eyes: I have hated all cruel-
ty and hardness of heart; I have, though in a despised weed, pro-
cured the good of all men. If any have been my enemies. I thought
not of them, neither bath the sun almost set upon my displeasure;
but I have been, as a dove. free from superfluity of maliciousness.
Thy creatures have been my books, but thy Scriptures much more.
I have sought thee in the courts, fields, and gardens; but I have
"This work is probably in more general use in the United States
than any other English Abridgment of the Common Law. The
various titles being written in the form of dissertations renders
See Marvin's Legal Bibl.
it quite a law library in itself.”
Lord Eldon cited Bacon as an authority. Bouvier's edit.
has the advantage of a copious index, which renders it of
far greater value than any other edition.
by Owen Jones, Lon., r. Svo. 2. Sonnets on Fruits, illumi-
Bacon, Mary A. 1. Sonnets on Flowers, illuminated
found thee in thy temples.
"Thousands have been my sins, and ten thousands my trans-nated by Owen Jones, 1848, r. Svo.
nated by Owen Jones, 1848, r. Svo. 3. Winged Thoughts,
gressions, but thy sanctifications have remained with me, and my illuminated by Owen Jones, 1851, r. Svo.
heart, through thy grace, hath been an unquenched ccal upon
thine altar.
O Lord, my strength! I have since my youth met with thee in
all my ways, by thy fatherly compassions, by thy comfortable
chastisements, and by thy most visible providence. As thy fa-
vours have increased upon me, so have thy corrections: so as thou
hast been always near me, O Lord! and ever as my worldly blessings
were exalted, so secret darts from thee have pierced me: and
when I have ascended before men. I have descended in humilia
tion before thee. And now, when I thought most of peace and
honour, thy hand is heavy upon me, and hath humbled me ac-
cording to thy former loving-kindness, keeping me still in thy
fatherly school. not as a bastard. but as a child. Just are thy
judgments upon me for my sins, which are more in number than
the sands of the sea. but have no proportion to thy mercies: for
what are the sands of the sea? Earth, heavens, and all these are
nothing to thy mercies. Besides my innumerable sins. I confess
before thee. that I am debtor to thee for the gracious talent of thy
gifts and graces, which I have neither put into a napkin, nor put
it. as I ought, to exchangers, where it might have made best profit.
but misspent it in things for which I was least fit: so I may truly
say, my soul hath been a stranger in the course of my pilgrimage.
Be merciful unto me, O Lord, for my Saviour's sake, and receive
me unto thy bosom, or guide me in thy ways.”
When we admire the vast plans of this great architect,
and contrast the magnificent design with the compara-
tively meagre performance, and then remember that the
allurements of ambition, and the seductions of pleasure,
were sufficiently strong to tempt from his work the wise
master-builder, we feel as we should on beholding the
gigantic but unfinished proportions of the castle of some
Titan, who had left his labour to chase a butterfly, or, in
some flowery grove, had wasted the noontide in inglorious
repose.
A new edition of Bacon's works is being pub. by Long-
mans, ed. by James Spedding, Robert Leslie Ellis, and
Douglas Denon Heath.
Bacon, Henry, b. 1813, at Boston. Ordained, 1834.
Christian Comforter; Teachings and Tendencies of Uni-
versalism; Sacred Flora; Memoir of Mrs. C. A. Jerauld:
pub. more than 50 tracts and sermons. Ed. Ladies' Re-
pository of Boston 19 years.
Bacon, Jas. A Catechism and Sermon, 1660.
Bacon, Jas. 1. The Libertine, 1791. 2. The A.
Indian, 1795.
Bacon, Matthew. New Abridgment of the Law;
8th ed., with considerable additions by C. E. Dodd and Sir
Henry Gwillim, Lon., 1832, S vols. r. Svo.
The second American edition of this excellent work was
pub. in 1842-1856, in 10 vols; edited by Judge Bouvier of
Philadelphia, well known as the author of the celebrated
Law Dictionary, and of the Institutes of American Law.
See BOUVIER, JOHN.
Bacon, John. Con. to Medical Comm. ii. 296, 1774.
Bacon, John. Liber Regis, vel Thesaurus Rerum
Ecclesiasticarum; with an appendix, containing proper
Directions and Precedents relating to Presentations, In-
stitutions, Inductions, Dispensations, &c., Lon., 1786.
Bacon, Sir Nathaniel, youngest son of Sir Nicholas
Bacon, the first baronet.
·
There is in the Additional MS. (in the British Museum, No.
397) a relation of the state of Francis Spira,' which, it is probable,
was written by him.”—Rose's Bing. Dict.
Bacon, Nathaniel, grandson of Lord Keeper Bacon,
has had attributed to him the authorship of An Historical
Discourse of Uniformity of the Government of England,
1647-1652. Reprinted in 1672, and in 1682. The pub-
lisher was prosecuted and outlawed. The Earl of Chatham,
in his letters to his nephew, praises this work highly.
Bacon, Sir Nicholas, 1510-1579, Lord Keeper of
the Great Seal in the reign of Elizabeth, father of Francis
Bacon, the illustrious philosopher, was educated at Bene't
(now Corpus Christi) College, Cambridge. His biography
belongs to political, rather than to literary, history. A
number of his Speeches are preserved in Collections of
MSS., of which Bishop Tanner gives a list. Holinshed
ranks him with those who have written something con-
cerning the History of England. Mr. Masters refers to a
commentary by Sir Nicholas upon the 12 Minor Prophets.
In 1723 was pub. his Right of Succession in the Stuarts,
exclusive of Mary Queen of Scots, defended against Sir
Anthony Brown.
"I have come to the Lord-Keeper and found him sitting in his
gallery alone, with the works of Quintilian before him. Indeed, he
was a most eloquent mau, of rare learning and wisdom as ever I
knew England to breed.”—PUTTENHAM.
Bacon, Phanuel, d. 1783, Rector of Balden, of
Magdalen Coll., Oxf., was author of, The Kite, a Poem, (see
Gent. Mag., 1758:) 5 dramatic pieces, viz.: 1. The Taxes.
2. The Insignificants. 3. The Tryal of the Time-Killers.
4. The Moral Quack. 5. The Oculist, all, 1757, pub. in a
vol., and entitled Humorous Ethics, Ballads, Songs, &c.
Bacon, R. The Labyrinth the Kingdom is in, with
a Golden Thread to bring it forth into Light, Liberty, and
Peace again, Lon., 1646.
Bacon, R. N. Prize Essay on the Agriculture of
Norfolk, Lon., 1846, Svo.
"This work is much esteemed, and contains the sentiments of a
sound. practical judge, and of an enlightened writer.”—Donaldson's
Agricult. Biography.
Bacon, Robert, 1168?-1248, an eminent English
divine, studied at Oxford, where he subsequently read di-
vinity lectures. Dr. Pegge thinks that he was either elder
brother, or uncle, of Roger Bacon. The latter is the con-
jecture of Leland also. He wrote, 1. Glosses on the Holy
Scripture. 2. On the Psalter. 3. Discourses. 4. Lec-
tures. Pits. Leland, Hearne, Cave, and other authors,
Bacon, John, 1740–1799, an eminent English sculp-|
tor, wrote the Disquisition on the Character of Painting
and Sculpture, pub. in Rees's edition of Chambers' Diction-have confounded this Robert Bacon with Roger.
ary; and assisted Mr. Strutt in his Dict. of Engravers.
Bacon, John, d. 1820, a native of Connecticut. A
Sermon, 1772. Answer to Huntington, 1781. Speech on the
Courts of U.S., 1802. Conjectures on the Prophecies, 1805.
Bacon, Leonard, D.D., b. 1802, at Detroit, Mich.,
where his father was missionary to the Indians, graduated
at Yale College, 1820; studied theology at Andover four
years, and became pastor of Centre Church, New Haven,
Conn., in 1825, which position he still occupies, (1858.)
1. Select Practical Writings of Richard Baxter, with Life
of the Author, New Haven, 1831; 2d ed., 1835, 2 vols. 8vo.
2. A Manual for Young Church-Members, 1833, 18mo. 3.
Thirteen Historical Discourses on the Completion of Two
Hundred Years from the beginning of the first church in
New Haven, 1839. 4. Slavery discussed, in occasional |
Essays from 1833 to '46, N. York, 1846, 8vo. His nume-
rous contributions will be found in the Chris. Spec., 1822-
39 inclusive, The New Englander, 1843-58 inc., The
Independent, 1849-58 inc., of which journal he is one of
the editors.
Bacon, Robt. Miscell. Pieces in Verse, Lon., 1790.
Bacon, Bakon or Bacun, Roger, 1214–1292, an
English monk of the order of St. Francis, was born near
Ilchester, in Somersetshire. Although living in the cen-
tury in which a number of great names occur-Thomas
Aquinas, Alexander Hales, Albertus Magnus, Bonaven-
tura, &c.-yet he is certainly second to none, and perhaps
deserves to be ranked first. After studying at Oxford,
Bacon sought the advantages offered by the University of
Paris, then the resort of all desirous of perfecting their
education. Here he formed that intimacy with Robert
Grosseteste, afterwards Bishop of Lincoln, which proved
of such service to him in the prosecution of those studies
to which he devoted his life. Pegge and Chalmers deny
this intimacy. He was also largely indebted to the patron-
age of Edmund Price Archbishop of Canterbury, William
Shirwood, Chancellor of Lincoln, and Richard Fishaere,
a celebrated teacher of the sciences. At Paris he took the
degree of doctor of theology, after which, whether in
France or England is not known, he assumed the monastic
96
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habit of the Franciscans. Returning to England, he set-
tled at Oxford, where he is supposed to have made his
principal experiments in natural philosophy and other
branches of science and speculation. It is not a little re-,
markable that he perceived and deplored the insufficiency
of that system of philosophy which his illustrious name-
sake, about four hundred years subsequently, so success-
fully attacked: referring to the inadequacy of Aristotle's
canons to answer the difficulties to which they are applied,
he remarks:
"St haberem potestatem super libros Aristotelis, ego facerem
omnes cremari; quia non est nisi temporis amissio studere in illis,
t causa erroris et multiplicatio ignorantiæ ultra id quod valeat
explicari."
According to Dr. Hutton, who drew his knowledge "from
some scarce books," he expended in twenty years' researches
some £2000, a very large sum for the time, supplied by
some of the heads of the Universities. His proficiency in
learning was wonderful. He is said to have been a perfect
master of the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, and to have added
thereto a knowledge of the Arabic tongue. He was pro-
foundly versed in metaphysics, theology, grammar, as-
tronomy, chemistry, mechanics, logic, chronology, optics,
magic, and other departments of learning. He made many
extraordinary machines, and was so noted for this skill as
to have the reputation of a magician. He has the credit
of having invented the air-pump, the camera obscura, the
diving-bell, and gunpowder. Some passages from his
works have been cited as a proof of his having invented
gunpowder:
"In omnem distantiam, quam volumus, possumus artificialiter
componere ignem comburentem ex sale petræ et aliis. . . . Sed
tamen salis petræ luru mope can ubre et sulphuris: et sic facies
tonitrum et coruscationem, si scies artificiumi."-Ep. de Secretis
Operculis Artis et Naturæ.
Bacon is one of a number of learned men to whom the
vulgar imputed the manufacture of a brazen head which
possessed the faculty of speech. His patron, Robert Gros-
seteste, Pope Sylvester II., and Albertus Magnus, all had
the credit, or discredit, of having formed by magic a won-
derful head of this character. Though indeed the latter,
not satisfied with a head only, made a man complete, who
"not only answered questions very readily and truly when
demanded," but became so loquacious as to interrupt the
studies of Thomas Aquinas; "he was so flippant with his
brazen tongue, that Thomas Aquinas, a reserved and con-
templative person, and pupil at that time to Albertus Mag-
nus, knocked the idol to pieces to stop its talking!" Me-
thinks we see our reader smile; perhaps he is incredulous;
but these were very wise men, the magicians of the 12th
and 13th centuries! As to Friar Bacon's brazen head, we
find in Rose's Biog. Dict., "an abridged version of the legend
from a rare tract, entitled The Farmer's Historie of Friar
Bacon, 4to, Lon., 1652. Friar Bacon, it is pretended, dis-
covered after great study, that if he could succeed in
making a head of brass which should speak, and hear it
when it spoke, he might be able to surround all England
with a wall of brass. By the assistance of Friar Bungey,
and a devil, likewise called into the consultation, he ac-
complished his object, but with this drawback-the head
when finished was warranted to speak in the course of one
month, but it was quite uncertain when; and if they heard
it not before it had done speaking, all their labour would
be lost. After watching for three weeks, fatigue got the
mastery over them, and Bacon set his man Miles to watch,
with strict injunctions to awake them if the head should
speak. The fellow heard the head at the end of one half-
hour say, Time is at the end of another, 'Time was
and at the end of another half-hour, 'Time's past!' when
down it fell with a tremendous crash, the blockhead of a
servant thinking that his master would be angry if he dis-
turbed him for such trifles! We cannot conclude better
than in the words of the excellent Robert Recorde—“And
hereof came it that fryer Bakon was accompted so greate
a negromancier, which never used that arte, (by any con-
juncture that I can fynde,) but was in geometrie and other
mathematical sciences so experte, that he could doe by
them suche thynges as were wonderful in the sight of most
people.'-Pathway to Knowledge, 4to, Lon., 1551." A
longthened account of Bacon's experiments and discoveries
in the sciences, &c. does not, of course, come under the
head of literary history. We refer the reader to the Biog.
We refer the reader to the Biog.
Brit., Rose's Biog. Dict., Cunningham's Biog. History, &c.,
and earlier accounts. His writings were very numerous.
Leland complains that Bacon's MSS. were so dispersed,
that it would be easier to collect the leaves of the Sybil
than the very names of the treatises he wrote. He gives
the titles of 30. Bale collected the titles of more than 80.
i
Pits brings the number up to nearly one hundred; and Dr.
Jebb classifies them, (see Table in Biog. Brit.,) making in
Grammar, 5; Mathematics, Physics, &c., 23; Optics, 10;
Geography, 6; Astronomy, 7; Chronology, 1; Chemistry,
9; Magic, 5; Physic, 9; Theology, 6; Logic, Metaphysics,
and Ethics, 8; Philology and Miscellany, 12. The Opus
Majus was published by Dr. Jebb in London, in 1733, and
repub. at Venice, 1750. Speculum Alchemiæ Norib., 1541.
De Mirabili Potestate Artis et Naturæ, &c., 1542. In
French, Paris, 1612. Trad. par J. Girard. In English,
Lon., 1659. Another trans. under the title, Discovery of
the Miracles of Art, Nature, and Magic, Lon., 1657, by T.
M. His Chemical tracts will be found in the Thesaurus
of avoiding the infirmities of old age was first printed at
The treatise on the means
Chemicus, Svo, Frankf., 1603.
Oxford in 1590. In this treatise he expatiates upon secret
and mysterious medicines. Dr. Richard Brown repub.
this work under the title of The Care of Old Age and the
Computus Rogeri Baconis; Compendium Theologicum,
Preservation of Youth. Many of his MSS. are unpublished.
and Liber Naturalium, are in the King's Library. Opus
See Lists of his Works in Biog. Brit., and in Watts Bib.
Minus and Opus Tertian are in the Cottonian Library.—
Brit. The monks of his order accused him of converse
with evil spirits, which caused the Pope to have him im-
prisoned, but he was released by the successor to the papal
chair, Clement IV., by whose encouragement he wrote his
Opus Majus.
Dr. Freind considers that since the days of Archimedes
the world had seen no greater genius than Roger Bacon.
We shall institute no comparison between Roger and his
celebrated namesake, the Lord Chancellor. In point of
erudition, Roger far surpasses the latter. Gerard Joannes
Vossius gives Roger no meagre praise:
In the year 1270 flourished in every kind of learning among
the English, Roger Bacon, a Monk of the Franciscan order, and an
Oxford Divine, a man of such vast learning, that England. nay
the whole world beside, had not in this respect his equal, or his
second: yet either through the envy or the ignorance of the age
in which he lived, he was stigmatized as a magician."-Dr Nu-
tura Artium.
"The mind of Roger Bacon was strangely compounded of al-
most prophetic gleams of the future course of science, and the best
principles of the inductive philosophy, with a more than usual
credulity in the superstition of his own times."-HALLAM: Lit.
of Europe. See this excellent writer's Resemblance of Roger Bacon
to Lord Bacon, in vol. ii., ib. See also Retrospective Review, vol.
vii. p. 04.
Reliques of Rome, Lon., 1563.
Sermons pub. 1749-51.
an American Epis. clergyman.
Complete System of the Reve-
Bacon, Thomas.
Bacon, Thomas.
Bacon, Thomas,
Laws of Maryland, 1765.
nue of Ireland, 1774.
Bacon, Thomas, Lt. First Impressions and Studies
from Nature in Hindostan, 2 vols., Lon., 1837.
"The graphic illustrations of this work are creditable to Mr
Bacon's taste and skill as an artist."
Bacon, Vincent. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1734.
Bacon, Wm. A Key to Helmont, Lon., 1682.
Baconthorp, Bacondorp or Bacon, John, d.
1346, was born at Baconthorp, a village in Norfolk. He
studied first at Oxford, then at Paris. He was called "The
Resolute Doctor."
Resolute Doctor." Several of his works have been pub
lished: Commentaria seu Quæstiones per quatuor Libros
Sententiarum, Mediol., 1510.
Sententiarum, Mediol., 1510. Six editions. Compendium
Legis Christi, et Quodlibeta, Venice, 1527. Philosophia,
Aug. Taur., 1667, 3 vols. 4to. A Catalogue of his writings
will be found in Leland, Bale, and Pits. Baconthorp was
the head of the followers of the philosopher Averroes.
Being remarkable for smallness of stature, Pits and Fuller
make themselves merry therewith:
"Erat quidem, ut alter Zachæus, statura pusillus, sed ingenio
magnus, ut mirum sit in tam exili corpusculo tantas habitasse
virtutes, et naturam in tantillo homuncione tam sublime colo-
casse ingenium. Tam ingentia scripsit volumina, ut corpus non
tulisset quod ingenium protulerat. Nam si moles librorum ejus,
composita farcina, auctoris humeris imposita fuisset, homulum,
sine dubio comprimere suffecisset."
"He was, like another Zacheus, a very dwarf in stature, but of
so great a genius, that it is surprising such exalted virtues should
dwell in so small a body, and that nature should have placed so
sublime a wit in such an epitome of a man. He wrote such large
volumes, that his body could not have sustained the product of
been laid upon their author's shoulder, the little man must un-
his mind. For if the weight of his books, bundled together, had
doubtedly have sunk under it."-Pits De illus. Angl. Scriptor., in
Bing. Brit.
Fuller, who is so ready in making occasion for a witti-
cism, of course avails himself of so fair an opportunity as
the little Resolute Doctor gives him.
"First, for the dwarfishness of his stature,
Scalpellum calami atramentum chartâ libellus.'
7
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Ilis pen-knife, pen, ink-horn, one sheet of paper, and any of his
books, would amount to his full height. As for all the books of
his own making, put together, their burden were more than his
body could bear. Secondly, for his high spirit in his line body. In-
deed his soul had but a small diocese to visit, and therefore might
the better attend the effectual informing thereof.... He groped
after more light than he saw, saw more than he durst speak of,
spake of more than he was thanked for by those of his superstitious
order, [English Carmelites,] amongst whom, (saith Bale,) neither be
fore nor after, arose the like for learning and religion.”—Worthies.
Badcock, R. Horticul. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1746.
Badcock, Rev. Saml., 1747-1788, a dissenting
minister, took orders in the Church of England in 1787,
when he became curate of Broad Clyst. He was an able
contributor to The London Review, London Magazine,
General Evening Post, St. James Chronicle, and to The
Monthly Review. In the last-named periodical, he pub-
lished a review (June and August, 1783) of Dr. Priestley's
History of the Corruptions of Christianity; it was wittily
remarked of this review, that no one save Dr. Priestley
would wish it to be shorter. The Doctor took his critique
so much to heart, that in less than a month he published
in pamphlet form A Reply to the Animadversions, &c.
in The Monthly Review for June, 1783, &c. This was
answered in the September number of the Review. The
principal point at issue was the Doctrine of the Primitive
Church concerning the Person of Christ. This review
"was generally admitted to be a most triumphant refuta-
tion of Dr. Priestley's opinions, as well as one of the most
elaborate specimens of criticism that modern times had
furnished." Another writer remarks, "Badcock continued
his assault, sparing neither the history nor the Defence;
and, in the view of many, demolished the system he had
assailed." He pub. some memoirs of the Wesley family,
which led to some controversy with the excellent John
Wesley. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. v.
"Mr. Badcock was one of the most distinguished literary men
of his day. His judgment was singularly acute and comprehen-
sive; his learning profound and various; his genius fertile and
lively, but regulated by a most exquisite taste."-Cunningham's
Biog. History.
Mr. Nichols introduced Mr. Badcock to Dr. Johnson, and
the following letter from Mr. B. to Mr. N., referring to Dr.
Johnson's opinion of Priestley, is not without interest:
<
“How much I am obliged to you for the favour you did me in
introducing me to Dr. Johnson! Tuntum vidi Virgilium. But to
have seen him, and to have received a testimony of respect from
him, was enough. I recollect all the conversation, and shall never
forget one of his expressions. Speaking of Dr. Priestley, (whose
writings, I saw, he estimated at a low rate,) he said. You have
proved him as deficient in probity as he is in learning.' I called him
an Index Scholar; but he was not willing to allow him a claim
even to that merit. He said that he borrowed from those who
had been borrowers themselves, and did not know that the mis-
takes he adopted had been answered by others.' I often think of
our short, but precious, visit to this great man. I shall consider
it as a sort of an era in my life."
Baddam, Benj. Memoirs of the Royal Society,
being a new Abridgment of the Philosophical Transac-
tions, from 1665 to 1735, inclusive, Lon., 1738-41, 10 vols.
4to. For an interesting article relative to the Philosophi-
cal Transactions, see Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, vol. i.
Baddelly, Geo. 12 Sermons, 1752. 12 Discourses. 1766.
Baddely, R. Theolog. & Polit. pamph., Lon.,1622-53.
Badelly, John, M.D. Narrative relative to a cure
performed by Prince Hohenlohe on Miss B. O'Conor, 3d
ed., Lon., 1823.
Badenock, Jas., M.D. Con. on Med. and Ornitho-
logy to Med. Obs. & Ing., and Phil. Trans., 1770-71.
Badeslade, Thos. Nav. of King's Lyn.,1725. River
Dee, 1735.
Badger, C. Admonitions to Parents, &c., Lon., 1803.
Badger,
J. Cures of the King's Evil by R. touch, 1748.
Badger, Stephen, of Mass. Discourses, 1774. Let-
ter rel. to the Indians, in Mass. Hist. Coll., 1797.
Badham, Charles, M.D. Med. Works, &c., Lon.,
1808-18.
Badham, C. D. Esculent Mushrooms of England,
Lon., 1847, r. 8vo. Prose Halieutics, &c., p. 8vo.
Badland, Thos. Sermon, 2 Cor. iv. 18, 1676.
Baeta, H. X. On Fever & Rheumatism, Lon., 1800.
Baffin, Wm., 1584-1622, a celebrated English navi-
gator, wrote an account of his voyage under James Hall,
in 1612,
Which is chiefly remarkable as being the first on record in
which a method is laid down for determining the longitude at sea,
by an observation of the heavenly bodies."
He also wrote an account of his voyage under Robert
Bylot in 1615. His name will ever be remembered by the
Bay discovered byhim,in a voyage made under Bylot in 1616.
Bage, Robert, 1728-1801, a novelist of considerable
talent, whose memory has been honoured by having Sir
JR
Walter Scott as his biographer, wrote Mount Heneth, pub.
1781; Burnham Downs, the Fair Syrian, and James
Wallace. William Hutton gives some particulars of him
in his "Life."
"Mount IIeneth became justly popular, from the vivacity of its
style and dialogue, and the many well-drawn characters, and
apposite reflections on questions of morality and humanity.
All his novels were favourably received by the public, as far su
perior to the common run of novels."-Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Bagford, John, 1650 ?-1716, an enthusiastic collector
of literary curiosities, was bred to the occupation of a
shoemaker, but did not acknowledge the obligation of tle
old maxim, "Ne sutor ultra crepidam :" but even Apelles,
however, would not have desired to restrain the zeal of
this useful and amiable lover of antiquities. He became
extensively acquainted with old books, prints, and coins,
and possessed no slight knowledge of the Roman remaizs
in Britain. Of this there is ample evidence in his curious
letter to Hearne, in the 1st vol. of 2d edition of Leland's
Collectanen. He did not confine his researches to the
book-stalls and shops of London, but travelled abroad for
book-sellers and literary gentlemen, enriching their shelves
and libraries with his acquisitions. In this way he was a
sort of humble Dibdin to the Spensers and Hebers of his
time. His private collection of books, title-pages, covers,
&c. was very large. As must always be the case with a
man whose education has been picked up item by item,
without system, he sometimes displays amusing ignorance
in conjunction with his knowledge. He projected a history
of his favourite art, and, in 1707 published in the Philo-
sophical Transactions, his "Proposals for & History of
Printing, Printers, Illuminators, Chalcography, Paper
Making, &c.," price to be £1 for a book of 800 pages. He
seems to have lacked encouragement, as the book never
appeared. After his death, Lord Oxford purchased his
collections and papers for his library. They are now in
the Harleian Collection in the British Museum, in 42 folio
sent; for, as Dibdin remarks,
volumes: but a melancholy sight a portion of them pre-
"A modern collector and lover of perfect copies will witness,
with shuddering. among Bagford's immense collection of title
pages, the frontispieces of the Complutensian Polyglot, and Chaun-
cy's History of Hertfordshire, torn out to illustrate a listory of
Printing."
He was employed as a collector by Lord Oxford, Dr.
John Moore, Bishop of Ely, Sir Hans Sloane, Sir James
Austin, and others. Mr. Bagford was one of the many
ingenious men in the world whose natural talents are con-
tinually hampered for want of early education. See in-
teresting accounts of him in Dibdin's Bibliomania, in
Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, and Hearne's prefaces to
Guil. Roper Vita, D. Thomae Mori, 1716, and to Walter
Hemingford's history. "At vero in hoc genera fragmenta
colligendi omnes quidem alios quantum ego existimare
possum facile superavit JOANUS BAGFORDIUS, de quo apud
Hemingum, &c." We quote a line or so from the Hemingi
Wigornensis Chartularium, to which reference is made.
"Had his education been equal to his natural genius, he would
have proved a much greater man than he was. And yet, without
this education, he was certainly the greatest man in the world in
his way."-Dibdin's Bibliomania.
Baggs, Jeffrey. Essays on Amplification, Lon., 1802.
Baggs, John. View of the Millennium, Lon., 1798.
Bagley, Geo. See BAYLEY, GEO.
Bagley, Wm. The New Practice of the Courts of
Law at Westminster, Lon., 1840.
"The author has attempted to combine the learning and scien-
tific method of Tidd, with the practical familiarity of Impey, and
to condense within the compass of a volume, not only the sub
stance of the statutes, rules, and decisions relating to proceedings
at law, but minute instructions for taking every step in such pro
ceedings."
The practice of the Chambers of the Judges of the
Courts of Common Law, in civil action, Lon., 1834.
"Mr. Bagley's work is as good as a work can be on the subject
he has chosen. He has attempted, and with as much success 38
was possible, to do that which is next to impossible, namely to
separate the practice at Chambers from the practice of the courts
generally." See Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Bagnal, Thos. The Excellency and Usefulness of
Masonry: a Sermon preached before the Free Masons, on
Heb. iii. 4, 1767.
Bagnol, or Bagnall. A Sermon, Lon., 1763. Edu-
cation, 1765. Trans. of Telemachus into Eng. verse, 1791.
Bagnol, Robt. The Steward's Last Account, in five
Sermons, on 15th St. Luke, Lon., 1622.
Bagnold, Joseph. Wisdom and Innocency; a Ser-
mon on Matt. x. 16, 1709.
Bagot, Daniel. Treatise of the Bankrupt Laws of
Ireland, 1795. Other Law Treatises, 1794-1804.
Bagot. Daniel, Vicarf Neury. 1. Disciples in the
BAG
BAI
Storm. 2. Temptation of Christ in the Wilderness. 3. Trea- | quantity of MSS. upon various subjects: no less than 50
tise on the Lord's Supper. 4. Treatise on the Transfigu-vols. in folio and quarto, written with his own hand. Among
ration.
his pub. works are, 1. Waters for a Thirsty Soul, in several
Bagot, Lewis, 1740-1802, was successively Bishop sermons on Rev. xxi. 6, 1653. 2. The Miner's Monitor,
of Bristol, Norwich, and St. Asaph. He was educated at or a Motion to those whose Labour lies in the Lead and
Westminster School, and chosen thence student of Christ other Mines, 1675. 3. De Spiritualibus Pecci, or Notes con-
Church. He pub, a number of theological works, 1772-cerning the Work of God, and some that have been Work-
1790, the principal of which is Twelve Discourses on the ers together with God, in the High Peak of Derbyshire,
Prophecies concerning the first Establishment and sub- Lon., 1702.
sequent History of Christianity, preached at the Warbur-
tonian Lecture, in Lincoln's Inn Chapel, 1780.
"Bishop Bagot opened his lectures by preliminary observations
on the nature and value of the evidences drawn from prophecies;
including some pointed remarks on Lord Monboddo and Mr.
Gibbon. The subject of his subsequent discourses were, the pro-
mise of a second dispensation under the first; the progressive
nature of the kingdom of God; the distinctive characters of the
Messiah, and the nature of his kingdom; the time limited by the
prophets. and the proofs of its fulfilment; the conformity of the
life of Christ and of his kingdom to the predictions; the prophe-
cies concerning the latter times; and the general recapitulation
of the whole subject."-British Critic, vol. xxvii. p. 653.
Dr. Bagot has been commended as a man of great learn-
ing, and of the most gentle and amiable manners.
Bagot, Richard, Bishop of Oxford. A Charge at
his Third Visitation, Oxf., 1838. A Charge at his Fourth
Visitation, Oxf., 1842.
Bagshaw, Edward, 1604-1662, of Brasenose Coll.,
Oxf., a lawyer who at first opposed the cause of Charles I.,
but subsequently became one of his adherents, published
a number of theological and political works, 1633-1662.
Whilst imprisoned by the Parliament, he wrote a treatise
which does not argue much respect for the opinion of his
judges, viz.: The Rights of the Crown to England, as it is
established by Law. This he published very appropriate-
ly in 1660-the year of the Restoration. The earliest of
his publications was the Life and Death of Mr. Robert
Bolton, 1633. Mr. Bolton was the author of the well-
known treatise, entitled The Four Last Things. Anthony
Wood refers to his sitting in "that most wicked conven-
tion that begun at Westminster, 3 Nov., 1640. But soon
after, perceiving full well what mad courses the members
thereof took, he left them." He left two sons, Henry and
Edward, who are next to be noticed.
Bagshaw, Edward, 1629-1671, son of the preced-
ing, was admitted of Christ Church, Oxf., in 1646, and
ordained by the Bishop of Exeter, in 1659. It is enough
to make him memorable that he was second master of
Westminster School, when the famous Dr. Busby was
head master. The two dominies could not agree, and
Bagshaw was displaced. For some time he was chaplain
to Arthur, Earl of Anglesey. Wood gives a long list of
writings, principally controversial, directed against Baxter,
L'Estrange, Morley, Bishop of Worcester, and others.
These publications have sunk into oblivion. He appears to
have inherited his father's belligerent spirit, as well as his
cacoëthes scribendi. Anthony Wood, who seems to spare
no man in his wrath, represents young Bagshaw whilst
at college as any thing but a modest and well-behaved
young man :
"IIe expressed himself very often intolerably impudent, saucy,
and refractory to the Censor, and thereupon was either Sconst
[mysterious ceremony!] or put out of Commons. . . . When
quadragesimal disputations were publicly performed in the schools,
he would, without any provocation, take the questions, either of
an under-graduate, or bachelor, purposely to dispute with him,
and so consequently show his parts, and be shouldered out, or
carried out into the quadrangle on the shoulders of his admirers.
. . . He showed himself a turbulent and domineering person, not
only in his college, but in the University, where 'twas common
with him to disturb the Vice-chancellor with interposed speeches,
without formalities, and with his hat cocked."-Athen. Oxon.
Added years do not seem to have mellowed his rough
temper. Becoming obnoxious to government, he was sub-
jected to twenty-two weeks' imprisonment in Newgate.
He was undoubtedly a man of marked ability, but had too
much of the fortiter in re.
Bagshaw, Henry, 1632-1709, another son of Ed-
ward Bagshaw, Senior, was educated at Westminster
School, and Christ Church, Oxf. He held one of the pre-
bends in the Church of Durham. He seems to have played
the lamb to his brother's lion, being remarkable for in-
offensiveness of character. He pub. A Sermon on Ps. xxxvii.
37, 1676. Diatribe, or Discourses upon select texts against
Papists and Socinians, 1680, etc.
Bagshaw, Henry. Sermon, Matt. xxi. 13, 1698.
Bagshaw, John. Two Sermons, 2 Sam. xix. 14,15, 1660.
Bagshaw, William, 1628–1702, a Nonconforming
divine, whose zeal and usefulness in the northern parts of
Derbyshire acquired for him the title of "The Apostle of
the Peak." He pub. a number of works, and left a large
Bagwell, William, an English mathematician and
astronomer of the 17th century. Mistery of Astronomy
maid plaine to the meanest capacity, Lon., 1655. Sphynx
Thebanus, an Arith. Descrip. of both the Globes. The Dis-
tressed Merchant, 1645. Wit's Extraction, 1664.
"A curious work, with a portrait. at the back of which is printed
a family group, seated at table at an evening party.”—LOWNDES,
Baildon, John, joint author with John de Beau-
chesne of A Book cont. Divers Sorts of Hands, Lon., 1570,
Baildon, Jos. Trans. of Mexia's Rarities of the
World, Lon., 1651. Wonder of the World, 4to, 1656.
Bailey. History of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1801. Anon.
Bailey, Abr. The Spightful Sister: A Comedy,
Lon., 1667.
Bailey, Alexander Mabyn. See BAILEY, WM.
Bailey, B. Exposition of the Parables of our Lord,
&c., with a Prelim. Dissert. on the Parable Lon., 1828.
"This work, entirely devoid of an evangelical character, will be
found useful to the clerical student, as einbodying a copious col-
lection of annotation, criticism, and disquisition upon the portions
of Scripture illustrated."-LOWNDES.
Bailey, Edw., M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1746.
Bailey, H. Reports of Cases in Court of Appeals,
S. Carolina, 1828-1832, 2 vols. Charleston, 1833-1834.
Reports of Cases in Equity, argued in Court of Appeals,
S. Carolina, Charleston, 1841.
Bailey, Henry, Curate of Hingham, Rituale Anglo-
Catholicum, Lon., 1847.
Bailey, Henry Ives, Per. Cur. of Drighlington.
The Liturgy compared with the Bible, Lon., 1833.
Bailey, Rev. Jacob, b. 1731, Rowley, Mass. His MS.
Journal has been edited by BARTLETT, REV. Wm. J., (q. v.)
Bailey, Jacob Whitman, b. 1811, at Ward, Massa-
chusetts, grad. at West Point, 1832. Appoin. Prof. Chem.,
&c. at the U. S. Military Acad., West Point, 1838. Con-
tributed various valuable papers in the American Jour. of
Science, and in Smithsonian Contributions to Science.
Bailey, Jas. Hierogly. Origo et Natura, Cantab., 1816.
Bailey, John. Agricultural Works, &c., 1794-1811.
Bailey, Margaret L., born at Sussex, Virginia.
"Mrs. Bailey is favourably known both as a poetess and a prose
writer."- Woman's Record.
Bailey, Nathan, d. 1742, a philologist of great abili-
ties, was the author of the well-known dictionary which
bears his name. The 4th edition (1728) was long the only
dictionary in general use. It was enlarged into two vols.
Svo, 1737, and afterwards issued in folio, by Dr. Jos. Nicol
Scott. The last was considered the best edition, and is
still a favourite with some students. Johnson's first edi-
tion of his dictionary was published in 1755. There is a
curious anecdote connected with Bailey's work. It was
studied through twice, word by word, by Mr. Pitt, after-
wards Earl of Chatham, the import and mode of construc-
tion of each word carefully examined, so that the strength,
the significance, and the beauty of the English language
might be properly understood, and enlisted in the service
of oratory when required. Some of the sermons of Bar-
row, it will be remembered, were committed to memory by
Mr. Pitt, for the same purpose. "Probably no man, sinc
the days of Cicero, has ever submitted to an equal amount
of drudgery." The effects of this philological training
were witnessed in the copious vocabulary, and precision
in application, which distinguished Chatham's elocution.
Wilkes, indeed, seems to criticize his language, when he
tells us, "he had not the correctness of language so strik-
ing in the great Roman orator, but he had the verba ac-
dentia-the bold, glowing words." But Mr. Wilkes's opi-
nion, upon any subject save the right of suffrage, and
choice of rare books, has but little weight with us. Ho-
race Walpole describes Chatham's language as having
been amazingly fine. "Not content," says Lord Lyttle-
ton, "to correct and instruct his imagination by the works
of men, he borrowed his noblest images from the language
of inspiration."
We should not forget to acknowledge the improvements
made in the folio edition of Bailey's dictionary by G. Gor-
don, who made additions to the mathematical part, Phil.
Miller to the botanical terms, and T. Lidiard to the etymo-
logical portion: the whole being revised by Dr. Scott.
99
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BAI
Dr Harwood's care was bestowed upon the revision of the
Svc edition, of which the 15th edition was pub. about 1759.
Mr. Bailey pubiished several other educational works; and
a Dictionarium Domesticum in 1736.
Bailey, Peter, d. 1823, editor of The Museum, (Lon-
don.) pub. Sketches from St. George's Fields, by Giorgione
di Castel Chiuso. A volume containing some of his epic
poetry, entitled Idwal, was printed, but not published. It
was founded on the events connected with the conquest of
Wales. A Greek Poem of Mr. B.'s was pub. in the Classi-
cal Journal. His last publication was an anonymous poem
in the Spenser measure, called A Queen's Appeal.
Bailey, Philip James, b. 1816, a member of the
Bar, son of the proprietor of the Nottingham Mercury, is
the author of Festus, The Angel World, 1850, and Mystic,
1855. Few poems upon their first appearance have ex-
cited so much attention as Festus:
"It is an extraordinary production, out-IIeroding Kant in some
of its philosophy, and out-Goëthing Goëthe, in the introduction of
the three persons of the Trinity as interlocutors in its wild plot.
Most objectionable as it is on this account. it yet contains so many
exquisite passages of genuine poetry, that our admiration of the
author's genius overpowers the feeling of mortification at its being
misapplied, aná meddling with such dangerous topics."-London
Literary Gazette, 1839.
Mr. Bailey was but about twenty years of age when
Festus was finished. It was published in 1839. His youth
has probably mitigated the censure to which it is thought
Festus is liable for grave errors both of style and senti-
ment. The second edition, published three years after the
first, was much enlarged, and in later editions it has been
still further augmented to about three times its original
length. "Every line has undergone the refining crucible
of the author's brain, and has been modified by the greater
maturity of his mind." A late critic, an exquisite poet
A late critic, an exquisite poet
himself, thus speaks of Mr. Bailey:
(C
As a poet in actual achievement, I can have no hesitation in
placing him far above either Browning or Stirling. His Festus is
in many respects a very remarkable production-remarkable alike
for its poetic power, and its utter neglect of all the requirements
of poetic art. Yet with all these excesses and defects, we are
made to feel that Festus is the work of a poet. . . . In The Angel
World, we have the youthful poet more sobered down; and the
consequent result has been one not exactly to be wished-its
beauties and its defects are each alike less prominent."-Moir's
Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-Century.
The Age: Politics, Poetry, and Criticism. A Colloquial
Satire, Svo, 1858.
Bailey, Rufus William, b. 1793, at Yarmouth,
Maine, graduated at Dartmouth College, 1813. 1. Family
Preacher; a vol. of Sermons. 2. Mother's Request. 3. The
Issue; being Letters on Slavery. 4. Manual of Grammar.
Bailey, Samuel, b. 1787, at Sheffield, Eng., author
of a number of works on Politics, Political Economy, &c.
Essays on the Formation of Opinions, &c. This work, by no
means unobjectionable in its tendency, displays consider-
able ability. Any writer might be proud of the commenda-
tion of the distinguished authority whom we shall quote:
"It would be an act of injustice to those readers who are not
acquainted with that valuable volume entitled Essays on the
Formation of Opinions, not to refer them to it as enforcing that
neglected part of morality. To it may be added a masterly article
in the Westminster Review, occasioned by the Essays."-SIR JAMES
MACKINTOSH: 21 Prel. Diss. to Encyc. Brit.
Essays on Pursuit of Truth and Progress of Knowledge,
Svo; 2d ed., 1844. Letters on the Philosophy of the Human
Mind; 1st Ser., Svo. Money and its Vicissitudes in Value,
1852, Svo. Review of Berkeley's Theory of Vision, 1841,
Svo. Theory of Reasoning, Svo. Discourses on various
subjects before Literary Societies, 1852, 8vo.
Bailey, T. List of Bankrupts, Dividends, &c. for 1804.
Bailey, Thomas, 1785-1856, father of the author of
Festus. Advent of Charity, and other Poems, 12mo. His-
tory of Nottinghamshire, 3 vols. r. Svo. Records of Lon-
gevity, pub. just before his death.
Bailey, Walter, M.D. See BALEY.
Bailey, Wm. Advancement of Arts, &c., Lon., 1772–79.
A Treatise respecting the Poor' in Work-Houses, Lon., 1758.
This vol. was pub. by Alex. Mabyn Bailey.
Bailie, J. K. Fasciculus Inscriptionum Græcarum,
Lon., 2 vols. sm. 4to, 1844-46.
Baillie, Capt. A Solemn Appeal to the Public, 1779.
Baillie, Alex. A work on Scottish Calvinism, 1628.
Baillie, Geo. On the Bankrupt Laws, 1809.
Baillie, Hugh. A Letter to Dr. Shebbeare, 1775.
Baillie, Joanna, 1764–1851, one of the most dis-
tinguished writers in an age prolific in good authors, was
born in a
“Scottish Manse, in the upper dale of the Clyde, which has, for
J's mild character and lavish production of fruit, been termed
"uit Land.'... One of the finest specimens of the fruit of this
luxuriant dale is Joanna Baillie, a nane never pronounced by Scot
or Briton of any part of the empire but with the veneration duo
to the truest genius, and the affection which is the birthright of
the truest specimens of womanhood."-Howitt's Homes of the Poets.
Miss Baillie for the principal part of her life was a resi-
dent of Hampstead, near London, where she died, Feb.
23, 1851. She always lived in retirement, and for some
years before her death in strict seclusion. While she re-
ceived visitors, it is stated that nearly all the great writers
of the age had, at one time or another, been among her
guests. Scott spent many pleasant hours with her, and on
her visit to Scotland in 1806 she spent some weeks in his
house at Edinburgh. Her last visit to Scott and to Scot-
land was in 1820. See Life of Scott.
Their father was a Scottish clergyman; their mother,
a sister of the celebrated Dr. William IIunter; and
Matthew Baillie, M.D., another distinguished physician,
was brother to Joanna and Agnes. Miss Baillie's carliest
poetical works appeared anonymously; her first dramatic
efforts were published in 1798, under the title of A Series
of Plays, in which it is attempted to delineate the stronger
passions of the mind; each passion being the subject of
a tragedy and a comedy. A second edition was demanded
in a few months; in 1802, and in 1812 a third volume ap-
peared. In 1804 she published a volume of Miscellaneous
Dramas; and in 1810 The Family Legend, a tragedy,
made its appearance. This drama, founded on a Highland
tradition, was brought out with success at the Edinburgh
theatre, under the auspices of Sir Walter Scott.
"Jan'y 30, 1810. My Dear Miss Baillie,-You have only to ima
gine all that you could wish to give success to a play, and your
umph of the Family Legend. . . . Every thing that pretended to
conceptions will still fall short of the complete and decided tri-
distinction, whether from rank or literature, was in the boxes, and
in the pit such an aggregate mass of humanity as I have seldom,
if ever, witnessed in the same place.”—Scott to Miss Baillie.
"Miss Baillie's play went off capitally here. . . . We wept till
our hearts were sore, and applauded till our hands were blistered:
what could we more?"-Scott to Mr. Morritt.
It was played 14 nights, and in 1814 was acted in Lon-
don. In 1836 our authoress published three more volumes
of Plays. Thus an interval of 38 years had occurred be-
tween the first and the last publication of her dramas.
In 1823 the Poetic Miscellanies appeared, containing
Scott's dramatic sketch of Macduff's Cross, some of Mrs.
Heman's poetry, and Miss Catherine Fanshaw's jeux
d'esprit. A few months before her death, Miss Baillie
completed an entire edition of her dramatic works.
Martyr had been published separately. She also pub-
lished Metrical Legends of Exalted Characters; and A
View of the general Tenor of the New Testament regard-
ing the Nature and Dignity of Jesus Christ.
The
Although so advanced in years, Miss Baillie retained
the complete possession of her faculties until the last.
Lord Jeffrey writes:
**
April 28, 1840. I forgot to tell you that we have been twice
out to Hampstead to hunt out Joanna Baillie, and found her the
other day as fresh, natural, and amiable as ever; and as little like
a Tragic Muse. Since old Mrs. Brougham's death, I do not know
so nice an old woman."
Again, January 7, 1842, he writes:
"We went to Hampstead, and paid a very pleasant visit to Jo-
anna Baillie, who is marvellous in health and spirits, and youth-
ful freshness and simplicity of feeling, and not a bit deaf, blind,
or torpid."
The literary stranger from a distant land sought an in-
troduction to her whose writings had been "household
words" since childhood; and who, secluded from the busy
world, considered herself a mother to the poor, and was
by them esteemed the "Lady Bountiful" of the neigh-
bourhood.
• • ·
"I am glad that Mrs. Ellis and you have derived any amuse-
ment from the House of Aspen. But the Plays of the Pas-
sions have put me entirely out of conceit with my Germanized
brat; and should I ever again attempt dramatic composition, I
would endeavour after the genuine old English model."-Scott to
George Ellis, Esq.
In a letter to Miss Baillie, dated 1810, Scott remarks:
“You say nothing about the drama on Fear, for which you have
chosen so admirable a subject, and which, I think, will be in
your own most powerful manner. I hope you will have an eye to
most universally interesting."
its being actually represented. Perhaps of all passions it is the
We find the tragedy of Fear again referred to, after its
publication in the volume issued in 1812:
"It is too little to say I am enchanted with the said third
volume, especially with the two first plays, which in every point
not only sustain, but even exalt, your reputation as a dramatist.
The whole character of Orra is exquisitely supported, as well as
imagined, and the language distinguished by a rich variety of
fancy, which I know no instance of, excepting in Shakspeare.
>>
"If Joanna Baillie had known the stage practically, she would
never have attached the importance she does to the development
of single passions in single tragedies; and she would have in-
vented more stirring incidents to justify the passion of her cha-
"
100
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!
racters, and to give them that air of fatality which, though pecu-
liarly predominant in the Greek drama. will also be found, to a
certain extent, in all successful tragedies. Instead of this, she
tries to make all the passions of her main characters proceed from
the wilful natures of the beings themselves. Their feelings are
not precipitated by circumstances, like a stream down a declivity,
that leaps from rock to rock; but, for want of incident, they seem
often like water on a level, without a propelling impulse."-CAMP- |
BELL: Life of Mrs. Siddons.
We appeal to the reader whether this criticism is not,
in fact, just the highest compliment which could have
been paid to Miss Baillie's management of her characters.
Mr. Campbell's censure really amounts to this: Miss
Baillie prefers the exhibition of human nature to catering
for stage effect and slavishly following an unnatural code
and a heathen morality. Her object was not so much to
"take the house by storm," as to take the heart by truth.
"That air of fatality," the absence of which Mr. Camp-
bell deplores, is the very error to be eschewed by the
Christian teacher, whose duty it is to illustrate the truth
that man, as a free agent, will secure happiness by the
practice of virtue, and reap misery as the fruit of vice.
Love, Hatred, Fear, Religion, Jealousy, Revenge, and
Remorse, may each be made to enforce the truth that
"the way of the transgressor is hard," or to impress the
mind with the abiding conviction that Wisdom's ways are
ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace."
What does Miss Baillie set forth as her own canon?
<<
"Let one simple trait of the human heart, one expression of
passion, genuine and true to nature, be introduced. and it will
stand forth alone in the boldness of reality, whilst the false and
unnatural around it fades away on every side, like the rising ex-
halation of the morning."-Preparatory Discourse to first vol. of
Dramas, 1798.
"Joanna Baillie, as the author of Count Basil and De Montfort,
is entitled to a much higher place among dramatists than the au-
thor of Metrical Legends is among mere poets. With much ima-
ginative energy, much observant thought, and great freedom and
force of delineation, together with a fine feeling of nature, and an
occasional Massingerian softness of diction, it may be claimed for
Joanna Baillie that she uniformly keeps apart from the trite and
common-place; yet we cannot help feeling a deficiency of art, and
tact. and taste, alike in the management of her themes and the
structure of her verse.”—Məir`s Poet. Lit. of Pust Hulf-Century.
Baillie, John. A Letter to Dr. in answer to a
Tract in the Biblio. Anc. et Mod. Rel. to Freind's Hist.
Phys., 1727.
Baillie, John, Prof. of Arabic, etc. in the New Col-
lege, Fort William, Bengal. Sixty Tables elucidatory of
the 1st part of a Course of Lectures on the Grammar of
the Arabic language, Calcutta, 1801, folio.
Five Books upon Grammar, together with the principles
of Inflection in the Arabic language; collected from an-
cient MSS., Calcutta, 1802-03, 2 vols. 4to.
"Of all the publications on this department of Literature, these
are the most useful and important."-DR. ADAM CLARKE.
Digest of Mohammedan Law, according to the Tenets
of the twelve Imans, compiled under the Superintendence
of Sir Wm. Jones. Calcutta, 1805, 4 vols. £10 108.
"A highly valuable work."-LOWNDES.
Baillie, Marianne. First Impressions on a Tour
upon the Continent, in the summer of 1818, through France,
Italy, Switzerland, the Borders of Germany, and a part
of French Flanders, Lon., 1819.
"Without being a striking, it is. at least, a superior sort of itine
acy. The style is easy, without being very pure, and the whole
fashion of the performance is that of a gentlewomanlike sort, with-
out those high literary pretensions which sometimes make, and
sometimes mar, tourists and writers of other descriptions."-Lon-
don Literary Gazette.
Lisbon: Manners and Customs of Portugal, 1821-2-3,
Lon., 1825.
"These pleasing little volumes, full of feminine vivacity in their
descriptions, put it in our power to diversify the graver character
of our Reviews with an entertaining selection of Portuguese anec-
dotes and delineations. A residence of two years and a half in
the country, afforded sufficient opportunity for studying the peo-
ple and observing their manners, and her pictures are most piquant
and original.”—London Literary Gazette.
"This is a very agreeable book, and a very faithful one, for we
are well acquainted with the places which it describes, and can |
vouch for its fidelity.”—Quarterly Review.
Baillie, Matthew, M.D., 1761-1823, a very distin-
guished physician, was the son of the Rev. James Baillie,
D.D., and Dorothea, sister of the celebrated William and
John Hunter: his sister, Joanna Baillie, became as emi-
nent in the walks of literature as her brother in the graver
pursuits of medical science. In 1779 he was admitted of
Baliol College, Oxf., where he took his degree of physic
m 1789. He enjoyed the great advantage of studying
under his uncle, William Hunter. Upon the death of the
latter, in 1783, he succeeded to the Lectures with Mr. Cruik-
shank, and gained great popularity by the clearness of his
demonstrations, and his power of simplifying abstruse
subjects. Although not successful for some time in obtain
ing much practice, his merits gradually, but surely, forced
his way, until his fees were known to amount in one year
to £10,000. His quickness of perception in ascertaining
the localities of disease made him in great request as a
consulting physician. In 1810 he was made physician to
Geo. III., and a baronetcy was offered to him, but he de-
clined the honour.
"No one in his day could compete with him in anatomical know-
ledge, or in an acquaintance with morbid anatomy, or pathology,
which of late years has been so successfully cultivated, and which
must in a degree be attributed to the example and renown of
Baillie."-Rose's Bing. Dict.
He was an extensive contributor to various learned
Transactions. See Phil. Trans., 1788-89; Trans. Med. et
Chir., 1793-1800; Med. Trans., 1813-15. Dr. Baillie pub.
in 1793, The Morbid Anatomy of some of the most Im-
portant Parts of the Human Body.
A
This work. like every thing he did, was modest and unpre-
tending, but it was not on that account the less valued.
perfect knowledge of his subject, acquired in the midst of the fullest
opportunities, enabled him to compress into a small volume more
accurate and more useful information than will be found in the
works of Bonetus, Morgagni, and Lieutaud. This work consisted
at first of a plain statement of facts, the description of the appear-
apces presented on dissection. or what could be preserved and ex
hibited; and he afterwards added the narration of symptoms cor-
responding with the morbid appearances. This was an attempt
of greater difficulty, which will require the experience of successive
lives to perfect."-SIR CHARLES BELL.
The Appendix was pub. in 1798; the 2d edition, corrected
and greatly enlarged, in 1797; since which there have been
many editions. Two years later he pub. A Series of En-
gravings, tending to illustrate the Morbid Anatomy of some
of the most Important Parts of the Human Body, Fascic.
LX., Lon., 1799-1802. Royal 4to, 2d edition, 1812.
His next work was the Illustration of Morbid Anatomy, by a
series of splendid engravings: creditable at once to his own taste
and liberality, and to the state of the arts in this country. He
thus laid a solid foundation for pathology, and did for his profession
what no physician had done before his time."-SIR CHARLES BELL.
Sir Walter Scott was tenderly attached to Doctor Baillie
and his sister Joanna; on the death of the Doctor, he wrote
a most eloquent letter to the poetess, which see in Lock-
hart's Life of Scott.
“We have, indeed, to mourn such a man as, since medicine was
first esteemed a useful and honoured science, has rarely occurred
to grace its annals, and who will be lamented as long as any one
lives who has experienced the advantage of his professional skill,
and the affectionate kindness by which it was accompanied."
"We cannot estimate too highly the influence of Dr. Baillie's
character on the profession to which he belonged. I ought not,
perhaps, to mention his mild virtues and domestic charities: yet
the recollection of these must give a deeper tone to our regret, and
will be interwoven with his public character, embellishing what
seemed to want no addition."From Sir Charles Bell's éloge on Dr
Baillie.
Baillie, Robert, 1597-1662, a Presbyterian divine
of considerable note, and Principal of the University of
Glasgow, published a number of learned works, 1633-47,
and several were pub. after his death. The best-known
of the latter is his Letters and Journals, containing an
Impartial Account of Public Transactions, Civil, Ecclesi-
astical, and Military, in England and Scotland, from 1637
to 1662: with an Account of the Author's Life, and Glos-
by Mr. Laing in 1841-43, in 3 vols. royal Syo, was first
sary. This work, the best edition of which was put forth
given to the public in 1775, at the recommendation of Dr.
Robertson and David Hume; it contains much valuable
information respecting the Civil Wars, and the Proceed-
ings of the Westminster Assembly. His Opus Historicu
et Chronologicum, Amst., 1663, is a learned work.
"The author endeavours to give a succinct and connected ac-
count of sacred and profane history, from the Creation to the Age
of Constantine. He divides the Old Testament into seven epochas,
and the New Testament into a number more. At the end of the
tions, in which he discovers his learning and acuteness."―ORME.
sections, or epochas, he discusses a variety of chronological ques-
Bailly, James. Sermons on Hosea ii. 19, Lon., 1697.
Bailly, J. S. Letters on the Atlantis of Plato, and
Ancient History of Asia, &c., Lon., 1801, 2 vols. 8vo.
Baily, Caleb. Life of Jesus, collected in the words
of the English Version of the New Testament, Lon., 1726.
Baily, Francis, 1774–1844, of the Stock Exchange,
was the founder of the Astronomical Society and the
principal contributor to its Memoirs. 1. Tables for the
Purchasing and Renewing of Leases, 1802-07-12, Svo. 2.
Doctrine of Interest and Annuities, 1808, 4to. 3. Doctrine
of Life Annuities and Assurances, 1810, Svo. 4. Account
of several Life-Assurance Companies, 1810-11, Svo.
Life of Flamsteed: see FLAMSTEed.
5.
Baily, John, 1643-1697, a native of Lancashire,
England, emigrated to New England in 1684, and was
ordained minister of Watertown in 1686. In 1692 he re-
101
BAI
BAK
mov d to Boston, where he resided until his death. He
pub. an Aldress to the people of Limerick, and a Sermon
preached at Watertown in 1689. His brother Thomas
wrote some Latin odes at Lindsay in 1668, which are in MS.
in the library of the Mass. Hist. Society.
Bailzie, or Baillie, Wm., M.D., a Scottish physi-
cian of the 15th century, was a defender of the Galenic
system, in preference to the Empiric. He wrote Apologia
pro Galeni doctrina contra Empiricos, Lyons, 1552. Mac-
kenzie ascribes to him, De Quantitate Syllabarum Græca-
rum et de Dialectis; pub. in 1600.
Bain, or Bairn. Faith's Reply, &c. Death of Col.
Velly, 1805-06.
Bain, Wm., R.N. Variation of the Compass, 1817.
Bainbridge, C. G. The Fly Fisher's Guide; illus-
trated by Coloured Plates, representing upwards of forty
of the most useful Flies, accurately copied from Nature,
Liverp., 1816, Svo, 158. 12 copies coloured with great care,
not intended for sale, 4to, £2 2s.
"He left all his papers to Archbishop Usher. They are now in
the library of Trinity Coll., Dublin. Among them are several un-
published works: 1. A Theory of the Sun. 2. A Theory of the
Moon. 3. Discourse concerning the period of the year. 4. Two
Books of Astronomical Calculations. 5. Miss. Papers on Math.
and Astron. A large collection of his scientific correspondence,
with drafts of his own letters, are also preserved in the same
library; including some from Edward Wright, one of the most
celebrated astronomers of his day, and, we believe, the only me-
morials of him that are now extant." See Smith's Vita Erudit.;
Biog. Brit.; Athen. Oxon.; Rose's Biog. Dict.
Bainbridge, Wm. A Practical Treatise on the Law
of Mines and Minerals, Lon., 1841.
"The author, a resident in the mining district. has the honour
of first producing a regular legal treatise upon the law of mines.
The work is ably written, and deserves to be more generally known
in this country, [America.] where the enterprise of the people has
already opened so many sources of mineral wealth.”—Marvin's
Legal Bibl.
Baird, Spencer F., b. 1823, at Reading, Penn., Prof.
Nat. Sci., Dickinson Coll.
Nat. Sci., Dickinson Coll. Asst. Sec. Smithsonian Inst.
The able editor and translator of the Iconographic Er-
Bainbridge, John, 1582-1643, an eminent physi- cyclopedia, 4 vols. 8vo, 2 vols. plates, 500 steel platos, N.
cian and astronomer, a student of Emanuel Coll., Cam-York, 1851. Author of various minor papers on Zoology,
bridge. In 1619 Sir Henry Savile appointed him his first and of reports on Natural History collections made by
Professor of Astronomy at Oxford. He pub. An Astro- Capt. Stansbury, Capt. Marcy, Lieut. Gilliss, the U.S.
nomical Description of the late Comet, Nov. 18, 1618, to and Mexican Boundary Survey, and the Pacific R.R.
16th Dec., Lon., 1619. Procli sphæra de Hypothesibus Survey.
Planetarum Ptolemæi, Lon., 1620. Canicularia, Oxf., 1648.
Baine, Bernard. Con. to Med. Obs. & Ing., 1762.
Baine, Duncan. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess. 1736.
Baine,James. Sermon, 1758. Discourses, Edin., 1778.
Baine, Paul. Mirror of God's Love. A Ser., Lon.,1619.
Baines, Edward, 1774-1848, b. at Ripon, Yorkshire.
History of the Wars of the French Revolution, 1814, con-
tinued under the title of a History of the Reign of Goorge
the Third. History, Directory, and Gazetteer of the County
of York, 1822, '23. A similar work for the county of Lan-
caster, 1824, '25. Enlarged as a History of the County
Palatine and Duchy of Lancaster, 1836. See Life by his
son, E. B., 1851. In 1801, he purchased the copyright of
the Leeds Mercury, which he pub. until his death.
Baines, Edward, b. 1800, son of the preceding.
History of the Cotton Manufacture, 1835, 8vo. He became
few other works, Dr. Baird has been an extensive con-
tributor to periodical literature, and has embodied the re-
sults of his observation in foreign countries in popular
lectures, which have been frequently delivered in several
of the larger cities of the United States. Sketches of
Protestantism in Italy, Past and Present; including a
Notice of the Origin, History, and Present State of the
Waldenses, new edition, much improved, portrait of the
Duchess of Ferrara, 12mo.
"A most interesting volume, which has had great success in
America. The present edition contains many important additions,
collected during the author's third visit to Italy in Dec., 1846, and
now first published."
Baines, John, 1786?-1835, a mathematician of note,
who contributed largely to the mathematical periodicals
of the day. See the name in Rose's Biog. Dict., where
will be found an interesting paper upon the subject of
mathematical studies in England during the last century.
Baines, John. Danger to the Faith, [on the Papal
Aggression,] Lon., 1850.
Dr. Baird's sons inherit the literary taste of their father.
The Rev. Chas. W. Baird had charge of a Protestant chapel
at Rome, and another son has gained distinction by his
proficiency in Greek literature.
Baines, John, or Edward. Essay on Fate, 1806.
Wars of the French Revolution, 1816-18.
Baines, Thomas, b. 1802, son of Edward Baines,
for many years editor of the Liverpool Times. History of
the Commerce of the Town of Liverpool, 1852, Lon., r.
Sro. Scenery and Events in South Africa, Part 1, fol.
Baird, Robert, D.D., b. 1798, in Fayette county,
Pennsylvania, has become widely known in America and
Europe by his labours for the extension of the Protestant
religion. Dr. Baird has published a number of works,
some of which have been translated into foreign tongues.
A View of the Valley of the Mississippi, Phila., 1832.
History of the Temperance Societies: in French, Paris,
1836; translated into German, Dutch, Swedish, Finnish,
and Russian. A View of Religion in America, Glasgow,
1842 translated into French, German. Dutch, and Swed
ish. Protestantism in Italy, Boston, 1845. The Christian
Retrospect and Register, New York, 1851. See Men of
the Time. History of the Waldenses, Albigenses, and
Vaudois. Visit to Northern Europe. Besides these and a
Baird, Thomas. Gen. View of the Agriculture of
the county of Middlesex, &c., Lou., 1793, 4to.
"The matter is well arranged, and very sensibly expressed. It
was the first report of the county of Middlesex, and was followed
by those of Foot and Middleton."-
by those of Foot and Middleton."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Baird, Thomas. A Treatise on the laws of Scot-
land, relative to master and servant, and master and ap-
prentice, Edin., 1841.
"A learned, elaborate, carefully written, and authoritative trea
tise."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Bairdy, John. Balm from Gilead, Lon., 1681.
Bairn, John. See BAIN. '
Baitman, Geo. The Arrow of the Almighty shot
against the Uncalled Ministers of England, Lon.
Baker. On Small Pox. Mem. Med., 1792.
Baker, Aaron. Sermon, 2 Sam. xv. 31, Lon., 1678,
Baker, Anne. Glossary of Northamptonshire, 2
vols. p. 8vo.
Baker, D. Poems, Hica thrift; duellum,etc., Lon.,1697.
Baker, D. B. Nature and causes of doubt in reli-
gious questions, (Anon.,) Lon., 1831. Discourses to a Vil-
Iage Congregation, Lon., 1832.
Baker, Daniel. Relation of some of the cruel suf-
a partner in the Leeds Mercury in 1827, which he has con-ferings of Kath. Evans, and Sar. Chevers, in the Inquisi-
tinued to conduct since his father's death.
Baker, Arthur. Sermons on Holy Joy, Lon., 1847.
Baker, Benj. Franklin, b. 1811, in Massachusetts.
Musical Author. Ed. Choral, Timbrel, Haydn, Union
Glee-Book, Theory of Harmony, School Chimes, &c. &c.
Baker, Charles, superintendent of the Yorkshire In-
stitution for the Deaf and Dumb at Doncaster, England.
His contributions to the Penny Cyclopedia in 1835 on the
Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, and to the publications of the Soc.
for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, have been pub-
lished in 1 vol. 8vo.
tion at Malta, Lon., 1662.
Baker, Daniel, D.D., Prest. of Austin College, Texas,
a Presbyterian minister. Affectionate Address to Mothers,
Phila., 18mo. Affectionate Address to Fathers, 18mo. A
Plain and Scriptural View of Baptism, 18mo. Revival
Sermons, 12mo; 1st and 2d series. The 3d ed. of the First
Series was pub. in 1855.
Baker, David, or Father Augustin, 1575-1641,
made collections for ecclesiastical history, which are sup-
posed to be lost. Reyner's Apostolatus Benedictorum in
Anglia is said to be chiefly derived from Baker's MSS.
Hugh Cressy's Church History owes much to the labours
of Baker. Cressy pub. at Doway, 1657, Sancta Sophia,
or Directions for the Prayer of Contemplation, extracted
out of the treatises written by F. Aug. Baker.
Baker, David Erskine, d. 1767? was the first com-
piler of the Biographia Dramatica, which appeared in 2
vols., 1764. It was continued to 1782 by Isaac Reed, and
brought down to the end of November, 1811, by Stephen
Jones. The whole work is comprised in three volumes,
|
bound in four, Lon., 1812. He was also the author of
some fugitive poetry, of The Muse of Ossian, Edin., 1763,
and of some papers in the Phil. Trans., 1747-54. He was
a grandson of the celebrated Daniel Defoe. For a severe
critique, by Octavius Gilchrist, on the enlarged edition of
the Biographia Dramatica, see the Quarterly Review, vii,
283-93: this was answered by Jones in a pamphlet enti
tled Hypercriticism Exposed, 1812.
102
BAK
BAK
Baker, Ezekiel. A work on Rifle Guns, Lon., 1805.
Baker, Geoffrey, a monk of Oseney, trans. into
Latin, in 1347, Thomas De La More's French History of
the reigns of Edward I. and Edward II. Camden pub-
nished his chronicle.-TANNER.
Baker, George, d. 1599? surgeon in ordinary to
Queen Elizabeth, pub. a number of professional works,
1574-79, and trans. into English, from the French, the
Apologie and Voyages of Ambrose Paré.
Baker, George, Archdeacon of Totness, and father
of Sir deo. Baker, the distinguished physician. The Re-
spect due to a Church of God, 1 Cor. xi. 22, 1733.
Baker, George. Trans. The History of Rome, by
Tits Livius, Lon., 1797. The Unitarian Refuted, 1818.
Baker, George. Navy of England, and other
Poems, 1807, &c.
Baker, George. History and Antiquities of North-
amptonshire, 2 vols. in 4 parts. Imp. folio, 1822-36,
large paper, pub. at £25 48.; small paper at £12 12«.
"One of the most valuable topographical works ever published,
displaying the most minute research aud industry.”—LoWNDES:
Notice of Farls I. and II.
Part IV., being the first of vol. ii., was pub. in 1836.
This portion comprises the whole of the two Hundreds of
Norton and Cleley, the former containing nine parishes,
and the latter thirteen. It also contains a variety of other
interesting and valuable matter. Part V. was published
in 1841. This is but a fragment, a third of one of the
usual numbers; yet embracing the entire history of the
Hundred of Towcester.
"The History of Northamptonshire has not been exempt from
the usual difficulties appertaining to works of a topographical na-
ture, yet, under all hinderances, it has gradually, though slowly,
progressed, whilst each successive portion has been as ably pro-
duced; and each has been made as singularly valuable as the pre-
ceding ones, for its manorial history, for the accurate fulness of
its pedigrees, (in which matter Mr. Baker had to contend with
great difficulties,] and for the comprehensive account of the respect-
ive parishes or hamlets that were brought under review.”—Lon.
Gent. Mag., 1841.
See this periodical for an interesting account of the dis-
couragements under which Mr. Baker found himself
placed. At the time of the publication of Part V. he had
suffered a loss of no less than 220 subscribers since he
first issued his prospectus. The arduous labours of such
able and indefatigable topographers should be encouraged
by hearty co-operation and a spirit of prompt liberality.
Baker, Sir George, Bart., M.D., 1722-1809, was
the son of the Rev. George Baker, archdeacon and regis-
trar of Totness. He was entered at King's College, Cam-
bridge, in 1742, and took the degree of M.D. in 1756.
He was honoured by the appointment of physician in or-
dinary to Queen Charlotte, and afterwards to Geo. III.
Sir George was eminent as a classical scholar; both his
Latin and English compositions have been highly com-
mended by severe judges. He pub. Dissertatio de Affec-
tibus Animi, Cantab., 1755. Oratio Haveriana, Lon.,
1755, 1761. Calci Oratione, Lon., 1761. De Catarrho et
de Dysenteria Londinensi Epidemicis utrisque, 1762. An
Inquiry into the Merits of a Method of Inoculation of the
Small Pox, which is now practised in several of the coun-
ties of England, Lon., 1766. An Essay concerning the
cause of the Endemial Colic of Devonshire, Lon., 1767.
Opuscula Medica, iterum edita, Lon., 1771. He also con-
tributed to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1762, 78, and 85; and to
Med. Trans., 1785.
•
"He died in his 88th year, after having passed a long life with-
out any of those infirmities from which he had relieved thousands
in the course of his practice; and died so easily, and apparently
so free from pain, that the remarkable words of Cicero may be said
of him. Non illi fuit vita erepta, sed mors donata: He was not de- |
prived of life. but presented with death.' Dieu', says Bishop
Bossuet, on the death of a great man, ‘n'a pas lui oté la vie, mais
lui a fait un présent de la mort. No man. perhaps, ever followed
the career of physic, and the elegant paths of the Greek and Ro
man Muses, for the space of several years, with more success than
Sir George Baker; the proofs of which may be seen in his pub
lished and unpublished works, the splendour of his fortune, the
esteem, respect, and admiration of his contemporaries."-Nichols's
Literary Anecdotes, vol. iii.
Baker, Henry, 1703–1774, a learned naturalist, with
some pretensions as a poet. An Invocation to Health; a
Poem, Lon., 1722. Original Poems, 1725-26. The Mi-
croscope made easy, a work highly commended, Lon.,
1743: several editions; trans. into German, Amst., 1744.
Employment for the Microscope, Lon., 1753. The Uni-
verse; a Philosophical Poem, intended to restrain the
pride of Man: often reprinted. He contributed to the
Lin. Trans., 1740; to the Phil. Trans., 1744, '48, '50, '55,
'57, and '60. Mr. Baker was very successful in imparting
knowledge to the deaf and dumb, of which art he made a
profession. He married the youngest daughter of Daniel
Defoe. The Bakerian Lecture of the Royal Society was
founded by this gentleman.
Baker, Henry, son of the preceding, wrote Essays,
Pastoral and Elegiac, Lon., 1756.
Baker, Humphrey. The Well-Spring of Science
Lon., 1562: a very popular work on arithmetic.
"Of all works on arithmetic prior to the publication of Cocker':
celebrated book on the same subject. (1668.) this of Baker's ap
proaches nearest to the masterpiece of that celebrated arithmeticiau.
... It continued to be constantly reprinted till 1687, the latest
edition we have met with.”—Roze's Biog. Dict.
He translated from the French, Rules and Documents
concerning the Use and Practice of the Common Alma-
nacs, Lon., 1587.
Baker, J. His. of the Inquisition in Spain, &c.,
Weston, 1734.
Grammar of Moral Philos. and N.
Baker, J. B.
Theol., 1811.
Guide of Wales, 1795. Imperial Guide.
Lectures upon the Articles, Lon.,
Baker, James.
Baker, John.
1581-3-4.
Baker, John W. Experiments in Agricult., vol. vi.
1665, 8vo.
Baker, Osman C., b. 1812, at Marlow, N.II., Bishop
M. E. Church. 1. Discipline of the M. E. Church, 12mo,
pp. 253. 2. Last Witness, 24mo, pp. 108.
Baker,Peter. Exposition on Acts xi. 27-30. Lon.,1597.
Baker, Rachel. Sermons del'd during Sleep, 1815.
Baker, Richard. Idea of Arithmetick, Lon., 1655.
Baker, Richard, Chap. to the Brit. Residents at
Hamburg. The German Pulpit: being a Selection of
Sermons by the most eminent modern Divines of Ger-
many, Lon., 1829.
Baker, Richard, pub. several theolog. works, Lon,
1782-1811. The Psalms of David Evangelized, 1811.
"A practical work, adapted to the use of serious people; ena-
bling them to read the Psalms with understanding and devotion.
It will be found both pleasant and profitable to pious per-
sons."-Evangelical Magazine.
……
Baker, Sir Richard, 1568?-1645, the grandson of
Sir John Baker, chancellor of the exchequer to Henry VIII.,
was born at Sissingherst, in Kent. In 1584 he was en-
tered as commoner at Hart Hall in Oxford, where he re-
mained for three years.
mained for three years. In 1603 he was knighted by King
James I. He married a daughter of Sir George Mainwar-
ing of Ightfield, in Shropshire; and becoming surety for
the obligations of some members of this family, he was
stripped of his property, and thrown into the Fleet prison,
where he remained until his death.
He turned author in the hope of soothing his sorrows,
profitably employing his time, and providing for his ne-
cessities. His earliest work bears date 1636, when the
author was 67 or 68 years of age. It is entitled Cato Va-
riegatus, or Cato's Moral Distiches varied.
This is a poem.
In addition to his "Chronicle," of which we shall speak
presently, he published a number of other works, the prin-
cipal of which are: Meditations and Disquisitions on the
Lord's Prayer, 1637. This attained its 4th edition in 1640.
Sir Henry Wotton, his quondam fellow-student, examined
this work in MS., and spoke of it in the following hand-
some manner:
“I much admire the very character of your style, which seemeth
to me to have not a little of the African idea of S. Austin's Age;
full of sweet raptures, and of researching conceits; nothing bor-
rowed, nothing vulgar, and yet all flowing from you (I know not
how) with a certain equal facility."
Meditations and Disquisitions on the three last Psalms
of David, 1639. On the 50th Psalm; the 7 Penitential
Psalms; the first Psalm; the seven Consolatory Psalms,
1639-1640. Med. and Prayers on the 7 days of the week,
1640.
Apology for Laymen's writing Divinity, 1641.
Theatrum Redivivum, in answer to Mr. Prynne's Histrio-
Mastrix, 1662. Theatrum Triumphans. The two last are
ascribed to him, though not pub. until after his death. It
is supposed that Archbishop Williams purchased our au-
thor's books for £500. He made some translations from
the French and Italian.
Sir Richard is best known by the Chronicle of the Kings
of England, (1641,) which was the historical treasury of
our ancestors before the publication of Rapin's History.
It was repub. in 1653 and 1658. To the last edition was
added the reign of Charles I., with a continuation to 1658,
by Edward Phillips, nephew to Milton. A fourth edition
appeared in 1665, with a continuation to the coronation of
Charles II. The Account of the Restoration was princi-
pally written by Sir Thomas Clarges. (brother-in-law of
the Duke of Albemarle,) though adopted by Phillips.
Thomas Blount published a severe criticism upon the
work, under the title of Animadversions upon Sir Richard
103
BAK
BAK
Baker's Chronicle and its Continuation, which Anthony him complain) was very much impaired. But God may smile on
Wood considered to be well deserved:
them on whom the world doth frown; whereof his pious old age
was a memorable instance, when the storm on his estate forced
C
him to fly for shelter to his studies and devotions. He wrote au
Exposition on the Lord's Prayer,' which is co-rival with the best
comments which professed divines have written on that subject."
Worthies.
Baker, Robt., d. 1580? wrote in verse an account of
two voyages he made to Guinea in 1562–63. See Hakluyt's
Collection.
Baker, Robert. Cursus Osteologicus, Lon., 1697.
Baker, Robert. Witticisms and Strokes of Hu
mour, 1766.
"But so it was, that the Author Baker, and his continuator
Phillips. having committed very many errors, Thom. Blount pub.
Animadversions, &c... which book containing only a specimen of
the errors, it may easily be discerned what the whole Chronicle
containeth.”—Athen. Oxon.
Another ed. 1684. Another abridged, and a continua-
tion to 1726, was pub. 1730. In all, 12 editions have been
printed. Another in 1733, called the best edition, but it
lacks many curious papers contained in the early editions,
especially in the first ed., (1641.)
Thomas Blount was not the only censurer of Sir Rich-
ard's Chronicle. Bishop Nicolson remarks that
The author was a person of those accomplishments in wit and
language, that his Chronicle has been the best read and liked of
any hitherto published; the method is new, and seems to please
the rabble; but learned men will be of another opinion.”-Histori-
cal Library, Part i.
"It is a very mean and jejune performance; and nowise to be
relied upon.”—Bing. Brit.
C6
Being reduced to method. and not according to time, pur-
posely to please gentlemen and novices, many chief things to be ob
served therein, as name. time, &c. are egregiously false, and con-
sequently breed a great deal of confusion in the peruser, especially
If he be curious or critical."-A. WOOD.
In utter contempt of the critics, edition after edition
appeared, with all the old blunders and erroneous dates
repeated. The edition of 1730 contains corrections of
Baker's errors; but then Phillips's continuation is corrected,
many public places, lists of names, &c. being omitted, or
the substance only of them given. So we say with the
Hebrew of ancient time-" The old is better."
Bishop Nicolson complains that
"So little regard have we for truth. if a story be but handsomely
told, the chronicle has been reprinted since that time, and sells as
well as ever notwithstanding that no notice is taken of the ani-
madversions, but all the old faults remain uncorrected.”
It was a great book for the country squire's round-table ;
the companion of the Family Bible, the dog-eared, pie-
crusted Shakspeare, and Fox's Book of Martyrs. Sir
Roger de Coverley knew and loved it, for Addison tells us
that he found
"Since I was with him in the country, he had drawn many ob-
servations together, out of his reading in Baker's Chronicle.”-
Spectator, No. 269.
But Daines Barrington seems to think that this notice
did not benefit Baker's reputation any:
"Baker is by no means so contemptible a writer as he is gene-
rally supposed to be: it is believed that the ridicule on his Chroni-
cle, arises from its being part of the furniture of Sir Roger de
Coverley's hall in one of the Spectators."
But who doubts that this notice by Addison has sold
many hundreds of copies since? Nay, who does not feel a
violent desire to possess the book himself, when he is told
that the good Sir Roger thumbed its pages, and drew from
them his "many observations?"
How Dibdin can so misrepresent Anthony Wood as to
charge him impliedly with commending Baker's work, we
cannot understand. Anthony Wood does any thing else,
as we have just shown; and as the reader will see at large
by referring to the Athen. Oxon. Dibdin likewise docs
great injustice to Baker in presuming that he was "a gay
and imprudent man," because he died in the Fleet prison.
Imprudence, indeed, of one description brought him into
the prison; but not that kind of imprudence for which gay
men are generally reproached.
Baker made no secret of his opinion as to the merits of
his Chronicle. He was not like some authors who apologize
for writing until we wonder why they have written, and
then deplore their many faults, until we marvel they have
not thrown their books into the fire. On the contrary,
Sir Richard assures us that his
"Chronicle was collected with so great care and diligence, that
if all other of our Chronicles were lost, this only would be suthi-
cient to inform posterity of all passages memorable or worthy to
be known."
Having thus kindly dispelled any fears which the world
might entertain of the consequences of a general literary
conflagration, Sir Richard goes on in the samo liberal
spirit, to assure his readers that he gives them "all pas-
sages of State and Church;" and determined to satisfy
every craving for information however extravagant, he
promises to record "all other observations proper for a
Chronicle." This is tolerably liberal; but nothing is too
large for Sir Richard's charity. What entertainment did
that Goth of a son-in-law of his keep from us-that "one
Smith," as he is contemptuously denominated, and rightly
enough, when with unhallowed hands he destroyed Sir
Richard's autobiography!
Fuller speaks of him affectionately:
"His youth he spent in learning, the benefit whereof he reaped
in his old age, when his estate through suretyship (as I have heard,
Baker, S. Manners and Cust. of the Turks, Lon., .796.
Baker, Saml. Sermons, pub. 1710–29.
Baker, Saml. Rebellion; Ser. on Mark vii. 13, 1745.
Baker, S. W. 1. Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon,
Lon., 1856, Svo. 2. The Rifle and the Hound in Ceylon, Svo.
Baker, T. Poem on Winter, &c., 1767.
Baker, Thomas, Rector of Stanmercum-Falmer,
Sussex. Sermons extracted from the Lectures of Bishop
Porteus, intended for the use of the younger clergy and
for families, Lon., 1817.
Baker, Thomas, 1625-1690, an English mathema-
tician of note, born at Ilton in Somersetshire, entered at
Oxford in 1640. He pub. The Geometrical Key, or the
Gate of Equations Unlocked, Lon., 1684. This work was
highly valued both at home and abroad. An edition was
pub. in Latin.
"Baker discovered a rule or method for determining the centre
of a circle, which shall cut a given parabola in as many points as
a given equation, to be constructed, has real roots. This method
is generally known as the central rule. The central rule is founded
on this principle of the parabola: that if a line be inscribed in the
curve perpendicular to any diameter, the rectangle of the segments
of this line is equal to the rectangle of the intercepted part of the
diameter and the parameter of the axis."-Rose's Biog. Dict.
Baker, Thomas, 1656-1740, a learned antiquary,
was born at Crook, in the parish of Lancaster, in the Bi-
shopric of Durham. In 1674 he was entered at St. John's
College, Cambridge, and in 1679 became a Fellow of the
college; in 1686 he was ordained priest by Bishop Barlow.
He accepted the post of chaplain to Crew, Bishop of Dur-
ham, who gave him, in 1687, the rectory of Long Newton.
He proved his conscientiousness by refusing to read the
declaration of indulgence of James II., and afterwards
by declining to take the oaths to the new government. In
1717, with twenty-one others, he was deprived of his fel-
lowship. After this event, he was accustomed to add to
his signature Socius Ejectus. He continued to reside in
his college as a commoner-master until his death. Having
now time and opportunities for study, he devoted himself
to investigations in history, biography, and antiquities,
with a zeal seldom witnessed. So extensive were his in-
quiries, and so liberal was he in his communications of
their results, that
"There is scarcely a work in the department of English History,
Biography, and Antiquities, that appeared in his time, in which
we do not find acknowledgments of the assistance which had
been received from Mr. Baker. We may mention, particularly, Dr.
Walker, in his Account of the Sufferings of the Clergy: Burnet;
Dr. John Smith. the editor of Bede; Dr. Knight, in his Life of
Erasmus; Browne Willis: Francis Peck; Dr. Ward, in his Lives
of the Gresham Professors; Dr. Richardson, in his work on the
Lives of the English Bishops: Ames in his Typographical Antiqui-
ties; Lewis, in his History of the English Translations of the Bible;
Strype and Hearne, in many of their works.' -Rose's Biog. Dict.
He made large transcriptions from historical and other
documents; 23 vols. of MSS. he gave to the Earl of Ox-
ford. These form part of the Harleian MSS., (Brit. Mu-
seum, 7028 to 7050.) He also left 19 vols. of his MSS. to
the public library at Cambridge. Mr. Baker published
but one work, Reflections on Learning, showing the insuf
ficiency thereof in its several particulars, in order to evince
the usefulness and necessity of Revelation, Lon., 1710.
This work went through eight editions, and was one of
the most popular books in the language. The auth res
a curious passage on philosophy, which we quote :
"Since Aristotle's philosophy has been exploded in the schools,
under which we had more peace, and possibly almost as much truth
as we have had since, we have not been able to fix any more, but
have been wavering from one point to another."
Mr. Bosworth, in his Method of Study, ranks this work
among the classics for purity of style; but different views
have been expressed:
"Though the style is perspicuous and manly, it can scarcely be
applauded as rising to any degree of elegance. It is, undoubtedly,
in several respects, a work of very considerable merit."
Great disappointment was felt that Mr. Baker did not
complete his design of writing an Athence Cantabrigiensi-
bus, on the plan of Wood's Athena Oxoniensis. His MSS.
collections relative to the history and antiquities of the
•
101
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BAL
|
duction to Geology, Lon., 1813, 8vo. A number of edits.
have been pub. Mineralogy and Crystallography, 1819, 8vo.
Influence of Soil and Climate upon Wool, 1808, 8vo.
University of Cambridge amounted to 39 vols. in folio,
and 3 in 4to: (in British Museum, and Pub. Lib. of Camb.
See above.) Has Cambridge no son with sufficient zeal to
undertake the still-neglected duty of an Athen. Cantab.?
Baker was a striking instance of the truth of Hearne's
complaint of the students of monuments and records, quoted
by Dr. Johnson in the Rambler.-Bieg. Brit.
Bakewell, Thos. Work against Antinomianism,
Lon., 1644. Defence of Infant Baptism, 1646.
"As their employment consists first in collecting, and afterwards
in arranging, or abstracting, what libraries afford them, they ought
to amass no more than they can digest; but when they have un-
dertaken a work, they go on searching and transcribing, call for
new supplies-when they are already over-burdened, and at last
leave their work unfinished. It is, says he, the business of a good
antiquary, as of a good man, to have mortality always before him."
Of our author Hearne speaks highly:
"Optandum est ut sua quoque collectanea de antiquitatibus.
Cantabrigiensibus juris faciat publici el. Bakerus, quippe qui
eruditione summâ judicioque acri et subacto polleat.”
Dr. Knight styles him, "the greatest master of the an-
tiquities of this our university." Horace Walpole wrote a
Life of Baker (in the quarto ed. of his works) in 1778, of
which a friend of Mr. Nichols writes to him: "I never
thought that the sprightly, inquisitive Horace Walpole
could ever have written any thing of so little information
or curiosity."
Dr. Richard Rawlinson gives a very great character of
Mr. Baker:
Balcanqual, W. Sermons, &c., Lon., 1634.
Balcanquhall, Dean. On the Troubles in Scotland.
Balcarras, Earl of. A Brief Account of the Affairs
of Scotland, relating to the Revolution in 1688, Lon., 1714;
Edin., 1754. Also inserted in the 11th volume of the
Somers Collec. of Tracts. A valuable historical document.
Balch, Wm., 1704-1792, born at Beverly, Massachu-
setts, pub. Sermons, &c., 1740-46.
Bald, Robt. Coal Trade, 1808, Svo. Agriculture of
the County of Mid-Lothian, 1812, Svo.
Balderston, Geo., Surgeon, Edin. Con. to Med.
Ess., ii. p. 359.
Balderston, R. R. Sermons from Archbp. Tillot-
son, Lon., 1810.
Baldgrave, O. Descrip. of Trees, Herbs,&c.. Lon.,1674.
d. 1314, Bishop of London, and lord high chancellor of
Baldock, Baldocke, or Baudake, Ralph de,
sy-England, was educated at Merton College, Oxford. He
Middlesex, and succeeded Richard de Gravesend in the
was a prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral, arch-deacon of
See of London in 1304. His election being controverted,
the pope's confirmation was requisite. The necessary de-
lay postponed his consecration until 1306, when he was
consecrated at Lyons by the Bishop of Alba. He con-
tributed 200 marks towards building the chapel of St.
Mary on the east side of St. Paul. He founded also a
chantry of two priests in the same church, near the altar
of St. Erkenwald. He wrote, 1. Historia Anglica, or a
history of the British affairs down to his own time.
Not
extant: Leland says he saw it in London. 2. A Collec-
tion of the Statutes and Constitutions of the Church of St.
Paul's, extant in the library of the Cathedral in 1559.-
Biog. Brit.
Baldwin, Edward. The Pantheon, Lon., 1814.
Baldwin, Geo. Political Recollections relative to
Egypt, Lon., 1801. Works from the Italian, &c., 1811-18.
Baldwin, Henry, 1779-1844, Judge of the Supreme
Court U.S. A General View of the Origin and Nature
of the Constitution and Govt. of the U. States, Phila.,
1837.
"That the people of St. John's should have highly respected Mr.
Baker, is surely much to the credit of the Society; especially if
we consider how little people, not actually members, are liked for
staying and taking up room.”—T. F., in Nichols's Literary Anecdoles,
which see for a detailed account of Baker.
Mr. Master pub. Memoirs of the Life and Writings of
our author, with a Catalogue of his MS. collections: a
nopsis of the latter may be seen in the Biog. Brit.
That the people of St. John's did "highly respect Mr.
Baker," we have evidence in a letter of Warburton's:
(Correspond. with Dr. Birch in Brit. Museum.)
Good old Mr. Baker of St. John's has indeed been very oblig-
ing. The people of St John's almost adore the man; for as there
is much in him to esteem, much to pity, and nothing (but in vir-
tue and learning) to envy, he has all the justice at present done
him, that few people of merit have till they are dead.”
"
In lamenting over the non-execution of Mr. Baker's
Athen. Cantab., we are led to bestow a few more tears on
the abortive plan of Dr. Dibdin's intended magnificent
History of the University of Oxford.
University of Oxford. But we cannot
linger more. Let the reader refer to Dibdin's Reminis-
cences, vol. ii. p. 849. We shall defer our remarks upon
the subject until we overtake old Anthony Wood, some
years hence, in the letter W. "Some years hence," did
we say? Let us remember, "Vitæ summa brevis spem
nos vetat inchoare longam !"
Baker, Thomas, Surgeon. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1739.
Baker, Wm., Bp. of Norwich. Sermon, Lon., 1709.
Baker, Wm., Bp. of Bangor. Sermon, Lon., 1724.
Baker, Wm. Sermons pub. 1716, 20, 26, '28.
Bakewell, Thos. Letter on Mad-Houses, Lon., 1815.
Balam, R. Treatise on Algebra, Lon., 1650.
Balantyn. See BALLENDEN, JOHN.
I
Balbernie, A. Obs. for the benefit of the Empire, 1810.
Balbirnie, John. 1. Philosophy of Water Cure,
Lon., 12mo. 2. Speculum applied to Diseases of the Womb,
8vo. 3. Water Cure in Consumption and Scrofula, Svo.
4. Words of a Water-Doctor, Svo. 5. 11ydropathic Aphc-
risms, 1856, 12mo.
C
Baker, Wm., 1742-1785, a learned English printer,
carried on his business in Cullum Street and Ingram
Court, London. He wrote Peregrinations of the Mind,
through the most general and interesting Subjects which
are usually agitated in Life, by the Rationalist, Lon.,
1770. Theses Græcæ et Latinæ Selectæ, 1780.
Baldwin, Thos., d. 1190, the celebrated preacher of
the third Crusade, was born at Exeter. In 1181 he was
elected Bishop of Worcester, and in 1184 was translated
to the Archbishopric of Canterbury. He accompanied
"An elegant correspondence between him and Mr. Robinson,
author of The Indices Tres, printed at Oxford, 1772, and some let-
ters of inquiry into the difficulties in the Greek Language, which
still exist, are proofs of his great erudition, and the opinion enter-Richard I. to the Holy Land, and died at the siege of
tained of him by some of the first scholars.... In the Greek, Latin, Ptolemais. He wrote a number of works.
French, and Italian Languages, he was critically skilled, and had
some knowledge of the Hebrew... . Such was his modesty, that
many among his oldest and most familiar acquaintance were igno
"Bibliotheca Patrum Cisterciensium . . . tomus quintus . .
rant of his learning, and when learning was discussed, his opinion Labore et studio F. Bertrandi Tissier, Bono-fonte, Anno Domiui,
could never be known without an absolute appeal to his judg-1662, fol. pp. 1-159. Baldwini, ex abbate Fordensi ordinis Cisterc.
ment.”—Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi, opera. The sixteen tracts, and the
Moor-treatises. De Commendatione Fidei and De Sacramento Altaris.
Bakewell. Domestic Guide in Insanity, 1805.
land Bard. 1807.
"The old bibliographers ascribe to him, in addition to the works
Bakewell, F. C. Natural Evidence of a Future already mentioned, commentaries on the books of Kings; on the
sacraments of the Church; a collection of thirty-three sermons;
Life, derived from the Properties and Actions of Animate
a collection of epistles; and other books, with the titles. De Ortho-
and Inanimate Matter; a contribution to Natural Theo-doxæ fidei dogmatibus: De sectis hæreticorum; De unitate charita-
logy, designed as a Sequel to the Bridgewater Treatises, tis: De sacerdotio Joannis Hyrcani; Super eruditione Giraldi; De
1840. This work has been highly commended. Mr. B.
amore; Contra Henricum Wintoniensem; Commendatio virginita-
is the author of the Philosophical Conversations.
tis; Carmen devotionis; De cruce: Deangeli nuncio; Mythologia;
De utilitate et virtute sermonis dei viri. Several of his tracts and
mentioned in the above list are of very doubtful authority."-
sermons are preserved in a MS. at Lambeth. Some of the books
Wright's Bing. Brit. Lit.
“Mr. Bakewell establishes by analogical reasoning a strong
probability for the immortality of the soul: his arguments are al-
ways ingenious, and candidly stated, and he draws strong conclu-
sions from his premises."-London Athenæum.
Baldwin, Jas. Serm., 1718. To a Quaker, 1757.
Baldwin, R. Visitation Ser., Phil. i. 27, Norw., 1706.
Baldwin, Saml. Survey of the Brit. Customs,
Lon., 1770.
"The treatise De Sacramento Altaris, Tanner states, was pub. at
Cambridge in 1521, Sro; and in 1531, 4to.
This may claim to rank as a tenth Bridgewater Treatise."
"We strongly recommend this volume. Mr. Bakewell is eri-
dently a master of reasoning and language. The reader who ac-
companies him through his arguments, will be delighted by the
acuteness of his reasoning, and have his mind enriched by much
Baldwin, Thos. Aëropaidia; Hints on Balloons, 1786.
Baldwin, Thos., 1753-1825, a Baptist minister, set-
tled at Boston, Mass., was born at Norwich, Connecticut
He pub. sermons and theological treatises, 1789-1806.
Pronouncing Gazetteer, 12mo, now ed., Phil.,
Baldwin, Thomas, for many years a teacher in Phi-
curious knowledge, both in physical and physiological science."ladelphia.
London Spectator.
Bakewell, Robt., father of the preceding. Intro- 1855. In conjunction with J. Thomas, M.D., a new and
105
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BAL
complete Gazetteer of the United States, large Svo, 10th
thousand, Phil., 1855. Pronouncing Gazetteer of the World,
large Svo, Phil., 1855. See THOMAS, J., M.D.
Baldwin, Sir Timothy, of Burwarton, in Shropshire,
became a Commoner of Baliol College, Oxford, in 1634,
and Fellow of All Souls' in 1640. In 1654 Baldwin wrote
The Privileges of an Ambassador, elicited by the case of
Don Pantaleon Sa, brother to the Portuguese ambassador,
who had killed an Englishman. In 1656 he pub. a treatise
left by Lord Herbert, Expeditio Buckingami Ducis in Ream
Insulam; and in 1663, a treatise of Dr. Richard Zouch,
The Jurisdiction of the Admiralty of England asserted
against Sir Edward Coke's Articuli Admiralitatis in 22d
chap. of his Jurisdiction of Courts.-Rose's Biog. Dict.
Baldwin, Walter. Impris.for Debt, 1813; Letter, 1810.
Baldwin, Wm. Sermon, Eccles. iii. 12, Lon., 1701.
Baldwin, or Baldwyn, William, born in the west
of England, spent several years at Oxford in the study of
logic and philosophy. He was subsequently a schoolmaster
and divine. He is said to have been one of those scholars
who followed printing in order to promote the Reformation. |
In this last capacity he was employed by Edward Whit-
church. Bale and Pits ascribe some comedies to him; and
it is known that he was "engaged in the reigns of Edward
VI., and Philip and Mary, if not earlier, in preparing thea-
trical entertainments for the court." He compiled A
Treatise of Moral Philosophy, printed by Whitchurch,
1547-1549, and sine anno, (Bib. Anglo-Poet. £10 108. ;)
afterwards enlarged by Palfryman, and several more edi-
tions pub. The Canticles or Balades of Salomon, phrase-12.
lyke declared in English meters, 1549: printed by himself.
Funeralles of King Edward the Sixth, 1560. This little
tract of 24 pp. was sold at the Roxburghe sale for £19 198.
A copy in the Bib. Anglo-Poet. is priced £25. It is the
rarest of his works: see British Bibliographer, vol. ii. p. 97.
"A great error concludes the description, viz.: The subject of
this article escaped the researches of Ritson. A reference to Rit-
son's Bibliographica Poetica, p. 122, will shew that he has given
the accurate title, date, and printer's name.”—Bib. Anglo-Poct.
Another edition, Lon., 1817. Presented to the members
of the Roxburghe Club by the Rev. J. W. Dodd. Another
reprint appeared in 4to, 10s. 6d.
Wood ascribes to Baldwin, The Use of Adagies, Similies,
and Proverbs, and some Comedies. "When printed, or
where, I cannot find." That intelligent antiquary, Mr. J.
Payne Collier, considers Baldwin to have been the author of
a tract of great rarity, Beware the Cat, 1561-84. (See Hist.
of Eng. Dram. Poetry.) In this tract are some notices of
matters connected with the reputed author's history. But
may Baldwin's name ever be honoured as one of the au-
thors and editors of the noble MIRROUR FOR MAGISTRATES!
Of this grand work, which "illuminates with no common
lustre that interval of darkness which occupies the annals
of English poetry from Surrey to Spenser," we had in-
tended to give an account, but to do justice to the subject
requires far more space than we can afford. It will be re-
ferred to again under the name "Sackville." Let the
reader refer to Warton's History of English Poetry, Brydges'
Censura Literaria, and Haslewood's edition of the work,
(Introduction,) 1815. The Induction by Sackville, Earl
of Dorset, has been lauded as containing
|
'eight years. In 1552 he was nominated by King Edward
VI. to the see of Ossory. He incurred the dislike of the
Roman Catholics by two plays, intended to promote the
Protestant faith,-John the Baptist, and God's Promises,
which were publicly acted on a Sunday in Kilkenny. On
the death of Edward VI. he was obliged to fly for refuge
to Holland, and from thence to Basle in Switzerland.
After the death of Queen Mary he returned to England,
but preferred a prebend in the Cathedral church of Can-
terbury, which he retained until his death, to the resump-
tion of his former Bishopric. Bale was a voluminous au-
thor. His dramatic pieces were intended and calculated
to promote the cause of the Reformation. He tells us
(Scriptor Illustr. M. Brit. Summ.) that he was the author
of nineteen Miracle Plays, eleven of which represent
events in the life of our Saviour, and eight are miscella-
neous. The titles of these plays will give some idea of
their character :
"Some of the finest strains of English poetry, and some of the
most magnificent personifications of abstract ideas in our language;
exceeding Spenser in dignity, and not short of him in brilliance."
That man or woman who possesses A MYRROVRE FOR
MAGISTRATES, Wherein may be seen by example of others,
with how greuous plages vices are punished, and how fray
and vnstable worldly prosperitie is founde, euen of those
whom Fortune seemeth most highly to favour ;—we say, that
man or woman who possesses this vast treasury of poetry,
philosophy, morality, and divinity, can afford to dispense
with three-fourths of the modern productions of the Muse.
We contemplate our beautiful copy with complacency as
we pay this deserved tribute.
Baldwyn, Rev. Edward, author of a number of
miscell. and educational works, Lon., 1787-1812.
Bale, John, 1495-1564? Bishop of Ossory, in Ire-
land, was one of the early English dramatists, and by his
literary and other labours, a zealous promoter of the Re-
formation. He was educated at the monastery of the
Carmelites in Norwich, and from thence was sent to Jesus
College, Cambridge. The date of his, renunciation of the
Roman Catholic Church cannot be certainly ascertained,
but he attributes to "the illustrious the Lord Wentworth,
that he was stirred up to discover the glory of the Son of
God and his own depravity." This nobleman and Lord
Cromwell were his patrons; and on the execution of the
latter he withdrew into Flanders, where he remained for
Series of the Life of Christ.
1. OF CHRIST, WHEN HE WAS 12 YEARS OLD, one comedy.
2-3. OF HIS BAPTISM AND TEMPTATION, two comedies.
4. OF LAZARUS RAISED FROM THE DEAD, one comedy.
5. OF THE COUNCILLS OF THE BISHOPS, one comedy.
6. OF SIMON the Leper, one comedy.
7. OF THE LORD'S SUPPER, AND WASHING THE FEET, one
comedy.
S-9. OF THE PASSION OF CHRIST, two comedies.
10-11. OF THE SEPULTURE AND RESURRECTION, two coms.
Miscellaneous Dramas.
UPON BOTH MARRIAGES OF THE KING. (Henry VIII.)
13. AGAINST MOMUS AND ZOILUS.
14. THE TREACHERIES OF THE PAPISTS.
15. AGAINST THE ADUlterators of God's Word.
16. OF KING JOHN OF ENGLAND.
17. OF THE IMPOSTURES OF THOMAS À BECKETT.
18. OF THE CORRUPTIONS OF THE DIVINE LAWs.
19. THE IMage of Love.
"Each of these he states that he 'compiled,' not merely because
he borrowed his materials from the Old and New Testaments, but,
perhaps, because he adopted portions of pieces of the same de
scription already existing. The subjects are treated as in the
older specimens, and even in point of language and versification
Bale has not much the advantage of his predecessors."-Collier's
History of Eng. Drum. Poetry.
In 1538 these plays were printed abroad in 4to. They
contain the first attempts to instruct the public mind
in the doctrines of the Reformation, by the instrumen-
tality of the stage. Bale says that the representation
of his plays, referred to before, at the Market Cross of
Kilkenny, in August, 1553, "was to the small conten-
tation of the prestes and other papistes there."-The Vo-
cayon of Johon Bale. Dramatic entertainments, represent-
in the lives of saints, and scriptural stories, had long be-
fore this time been a
entertainment with the
populace. The play of Saint Catherine was acted at Dun-
stable about the year 1100.
"London, for its theatrical exhibitions, had holy plays. or the
representation of miracles wrought by confessors, and of the suf
ferings of martyrs.”—Description of London, by William Fitz-Ste-
phen, of the 12th century.
Matthew Paris, about the year 1240, says that they
were such as "Miracula Vulgariter Appellamus," proving
their publicity. See Warton's History of English Poe-
try. This learned writer, speaking of Bale's plays, re-
marks:
"What shall we think of the state, I will not say of the stage,
but of common sense, when these deplorable dramas could be en-
dured? Of an age when the Bible was profaned and ridiculed
from a principle of piety? But the fashion of acting mysteries
appears to have expired with this writer."
A dramatic piece of Bale's, thought to be the most re-
markable of his productions, entitled De Joanne Anglo-
rum Rege, and Kynge Johan, was printed in 1838 by the
Camden Society from the author's MS., preserved in the
library of the Duke of Devonshire.
"It is a most singular mixture of history and allegory; the
events of the reign of John being applied to the times of Henry
VIII., and to the struggles between Protestantism and Popery."
In the introduction to this impression, it is remarked
of Bale:
"He possesses no peculiar claims as a poet; and though he could
be severe as a moral censor, and violent as a polemic, he had littlo
clevation and a limited fancy; his versification is also scarcely as
good as that of some of his contemporaries."
Bale's most celebrated work in his collection of British
Biography, first published under the title of Illustrum
Majoris Britannica Scriptorum, hoc est, Anglia, Cambriæ,
et Scotia, Summarium, Ipswich, 1549: this edition con-
To these he added
tained only five centuries of writers.
four more centuries, and made corrections and additions.
The book thus enlarged was entitled Scriptorum Illustrium
106
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Majoris Britanniæ, quam nunc Angliam et Scotiam vocant,
Catalogus; a Japheto per 3618 annos, usque ad annum
hunc Domini, &c., Basil, 1557-59. Of this work very
different opinions have been given. Warton censures it
strongly :
"This work, perhaps originally undertaken by Bale as a vehicle
of his sentiments in religion, is not only full of misrepresentation
and partialities, arising from his religious prejudices, but of general
inaccuracies, proceeding from negligence or misinformation. Even
those more ancient Lives which he transcribes from Leland's com-
mentary on the same subject, are often interpolated with false
facts, and impertinently marked with a misapplied zeal for refor-
mation. He is angry with many authors who flourished before
the 13th century for being Catholics."-Hist. of Eng. Poetry.
But Gesner, Bishop Godwin, Laurence Humphrey,
Vogler, Bishop Montagu, and others, appear on our au-
thor's side. But, on the other hand, again we have Vos-
sius, John Pits, (Hic Lelandi Catalogum non tam prolixe
auxit, quam prodigrosè depravavit,) Wharton, Nicolson,
Harrington, and Leland, who array themselves against
the venerable bishop.
Bales, Peter, 1547-1610? the most skilful English
penman of his own, or probably of any, period, is sup-
posed by Wood to have been a member of Oxford Univ.
"He spent many years in sciences among the Oxonians, particu-
larly at Gloucester Hall."
He is the author of Brachygraphy, or the Writing
Schoolmaster, in Three Books, teaching Swift Writing,
True Writing, and Fair Writing, 1590-97, 1673. We are
told of a Bible, written by him in short-hand, so small
that it would lie in an English-walnut-shell!
Bales, Peter. The Lord's Prayer pleading for better
entertainment; on Luke xi. 2, Lon., 1643. Infirmities in-
ducing to Conformity; on James iii. 2, 1650, etc.
Baley, or Bailey, Walter, M.D., 1529-1592, was
admitted perpetual Fellow of New College, Oxf., in 1550.
In 1561 he was appointed the Queen's Professor of Physic
in the University of Oxford. He wrote a number of profes-
sional works, which were pub. 1587-1602. Directions for
Health, posthumous, 1626. See Wood's Athen. Oxon.
Balfour, Surgeon. Con. to Med. Obs. & Inq. 1670.
Balfour, Alexander, 1767-1829, a tradesman, and
subsequently a clerk in the publishing house of Mr. Black-
wood at Edinburgh, wrote Campbell, or the Scottish Pro-
bationer, 1819. Contemplation, and other poems, 1820.
The Foundling of Glenthorn, or the Smuggler's Cave, 1823.
Highland Mary. He edited the poetical works of Richard
Gall, and contributed to the Edinburgh Magazine until
its expiration in 1826. Prof. Muir pub. a selection from
his writings under the title of Weeds and Wild Flowers.
A notice of the author's life is prefixed to this volume.
Chambers's Eminent Scotsmen.
Balfour, Sir Andrew, 1630-1694, a Scottish bota-
nist and physician. Letters relative to France and Italy,
Edin., 1700.
Balfour, Francis, a Scottish physician of note, a
native of Edinburgh, and surgeon of the Hon. East India
Company, resided chiefly at Calcutta. He pub. a number
of prof. works, Edin., Calcut., and Lon., 1767-95. A col-
lection of Treatises on the Effect of Sol-Lunar Influence
in Fevers, Lon., 1812: this is a 2d edition of a Treatise
ou the Influence of the Moon in Fevers, Calcut., 1784.
His theory is that all fevers are affected by the influence
of the moon. He found that the "accession of fever takes
place during the three days which either precede or follow
the full moon." These opinions it is said have met with
"support and confirmation from the observations of Lind
in Bengal, of Cleghorn in Minorca, of Fontana in Italy,
of Jackson in Jamaica, of Gillespie at St. Lucia, of An-
nesley in Madras."
Balfour, James, 1703-1795, of Pilrig, Scotland. 1.
Delineation of Morality. 2. Philosophical Dissertations,
Edin., 1782. These two treatises were an attack on the
speculations of David Hume; but they were written with
so much candour and good feeling that Hume wrote to him
to express his feelings of esteem and request his friend-
ship. 3. Philosophical Essays, 8vo.
Balfour, John Hutton, M.D., F.R.S.E., b. in Edin.
burgh, where he commenced the practice of his profession;
Prof. of Botany in the Univ. of Glasgow, in which he suc-
ceeded Sir Wm. Jackson Hooker; Regius Keeper of the
Royal Botanic Garden, and Prof. of Med. and Bot. in the
Univ. of Edinburgh. 1. Manual of Botany, Edin., 1849,
cr. 8vo; 3d ed., revised and enlarged, 1857. 2. Class-Book
of Botany, 8vo, 1800 Illustrations. The same work is also
pub. in two Parts: Part 1, Structural and Morphological
Botany; Part 2, Elements of Vegetable Physiology,
Classification, Botanical Geography, and Fossil Botany,
with a Glossary of Terms.
"In Dr. Balfour's Class-Book of Botany the author seems to have
exhausted every attainable source of information. Few, if any,
works on the subject contain such a mass of carefully-collected and
condensed matter; and certainly none are more copiously or better
| illustrated.”—Hooker's Journal of Botany.
Balfour, Sir James, d. 1657, a Scottish antiquary
and poet, was a friend of Sir Robert Aytoun, Drummond
of Hawthornden, Segar, Dodsworth, and Dugdale. To
the last-named he communicated the facts which we
find in the Monasticon Anglicanum, in the department
Coenobia Scotia. Balfour subsequently pub. these papers
with some other matter, under the title of Monasticon Sco-
ticum. He received a diploma in 1628 from the London
College of Arms, which proves the zeal and knowledge
which marked his antiquarian researches. He was a strong
opponent to the attempt to force the liturgy of the Church of
England upon the people of Scotland. A number of his MSS.
are preserved in the Advocates' Lib. at Edinburgh. There
was pub. in Edin., 1824, Lon., 1825, his Annales of Scotland
From MLVII.-MDCXL.; and Memorials and Passages of
Church and State from MDCXLI.-MDCLII., &c. Pub.
from the original MSS. preserved in the Lib. of Faculty of
Advocates, (by James Haig,) 4 vols., with portrait by
Lizars
3. Outlines of Botany: being an Introduction to the
Study of the Structure, Functions, Classification, and Dis-
tribution of Plants, 1854, 12mo. 4. Biographical Sketches
of the late Dr. Golding Bird, 1855, 12mo. He contrib. the
articles on Botany to the last ed. of the Encyc. Brit., and
has pub. many papers in connexion with the Bot. Soc. of
Edin. and the Brit. Ass. for the Advancement of Science.
Balfour, or Balforeus, Robert, a Scottish philo-
sopher of the seventeenth century, President of Guyenno
College at Bordeaux. Barthius praises in high terms au
edition of Cleomedes pub. (Burd., 1605) by Balfour.
"His writings display an extent of erudition which reflects honour
on the literary character of his country."—Irving's Lives of Scottish
Poets, g. v.
Versio et Notæ ad Gelazium, &c., Par., 1599. Versio et
Comm. ad Cleomedis Meteora, Burd., 1605. Commentarii,
&c. Aristotelis, Burd., 1616. Comm. in Organum Aristo-
telis, Burd., 1618. Do. in Ethica, &c., Par., 1620.
Balfour, Robert, D.D., late minister of the Outer
High Church, Glasgow. Serms., Glasg., 1819.
Balfour, Walter, 1776-1852, a native of Scotland, d.
in Massachusetts. He was educated for the Church of Scot-
land by Robert Haldane, but became a Baptist at 30 years
of age, and afterwards a Universalist. Three Essays on the
Intermediate State of the Dead, 12mo, Charlestown, 1828.
Other works.
Balfour, Wm. Medical Works, Edin., 1814-18.
Balgrave, J. Sup. to Culpepper's E. Physic, Lon.,
1666.
Balguy, Chas., M.D. Epistolo de Morbo Miliari, Lon.,
1758. Con. to Med. Ess.. 1736; Phil. Trans., 1734.
Balguy, John, 1686-1748, was entered of St. John's
College, Cambridge, in 1702, where he took the degree of
M.A. in 1726. He took part in the Bangorean controversy,
and pub. three pamphlets in defence of Dr. Hoadly, under
the name of Silvius. His treatises were levelled against
Drs. Stebbing and Sherlock. In 1726, he attacked the
opinions of Lord Shaftesbury, in A Letter to a Deist. In
1728, he pub. The Foundation of Moral Goodness; or, A
Further Inquiry into the Original of our Idea of Virtue.
This was in answer to Mr. Hutcheson's Inquiry into the
Original of our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue. His Essay on
Redemption, pub. 1741, was one of his most popular works.
He burned many of his sermons, that his son (see next
article) might be thrown entirely on his own resources.
Balguy, Thomas, D.D., 1716-1795, son of the above,
was admitted of St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1732, and
took the degree of D.D. in 1758. In the same year Bishop
Hoadly appointed him Archdeacon of Winchester. He
preached at the consecration of Bishops Shipley, Shute,
Barrington, North, Hurd, and Moore. These Sermons were
all pub. separately, 1769-75. Divine Benevolence As-
serted and Vindicated from the Reflections of Ancient and
Modern Skeptics, 1782. He edited the Serms. of Dr. Powell,
to which he prefixed his Life, and in 1785 edited a new
edition of his father's Essay on Redemption. Two years
later he pub. Discourses on Various Subjects.
"His work on Divine Benevolence is a most able answer to Au-
cient and Modern Skeptics."-LOWNDES.
Ball. Essay on Agriculture, Svo. The Farmer's Guido,
Svo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog., and Weston's Tracts.
Ball, Edward. The Idiot Boy, &c., Poems, Norw.,
1814. Author of over 100 dramatic pieces, under the nom
de plume of Edward Fitzball.
107
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Ball, J. On an Epistle to Rev. R. Hill, 1807.
Ball, J. The Importance of Right Apprehensions of
God, &c. In a Letter to a Friend, Lon., 1736.
!
Ball, John, a preacher who participated in the Kent
insurrection in 1381, of which Wat Tyler was the hero, is
famous for having preached a sermon to a congregation of
one hundred thousand insurgents on Blackheath, from the
text
“When Adam delved, and Eve span,
Who was then the gentleman ?”
The preacher, in company with Jack Straw, and about
1500 others, was hanged July 2, 1381. Some of his letters
are preserved in the chronicles of the times. He used his
pen as well as his voice to propagate sedition.
Ball, or Balle, John, 1585–1640, a Puritan divine
of considerable note, entered Brasenose College, Oxford,
1602; B. A. at St. Mary's Hall, 1608. He wrote a number
of theological and ecclesiastical works. A Short Treatise
concerning all the principal grounds of the Christian Reli-
gion. A very popular work, which Wood tells us was pub. 14
times ante 1632. It was extensively used in the instruc-
tion of children. In 1666 it was translated into Turkish
by William Seamen, an English traveller, under the title
of Catechism, or Principal Grounds of the Christian Reli-
gion, Oxf. A Treatise of Faith, Lon., 1632. Several of
his works were in opposition to publications in favour of
secession from the Church of England.
**
Though somewhat disaffected to ceremonies and Church disci-
pline, yet he confuted such as conceived the corruption therein
ground enough for a separation."-Athen. Oxon.; Fuller's Worthies.
Baxter speaks of him in high terms:
"He deserved an high esteem and honour as the best bishop in
England; yet looking after no higher things than these:"
i. e. the small profits of the little school, and his £20 yearly
salary.
"He was an excellent schoolman and schoolmaster. (qualities
seldom meeting in the same man.) a painful preacher, and a pro-
fitable writer; and his Treatise of Faith cannot be sufficiently
commended. Indeed he lived by faith, having but small means
to maintain him. . . and yet was wont to say he had enough,
enough, enough: thus contentment consisted not in heaping on
more fuel, but in taking away some fire. He had a holy facetious-
ness in his discourse. When his friend, having had a fall from
his horse, and said that he never had the like deliverance, Yea,'
said Mr. Balle, and an hundred times when you never fell: ac-
counting God's preserving us from. equal to his rescuing us out of
dangers. . . . He hated all new lights and pretended inspirations
besides Scripture; and when one asked him, whether he at any
time had experience thereof in his own heart,' 'No,' said he, ‘I
bless God; and if I should ever have such phantasies. I hope God
would give me grace to resist them. Notwithstanding his small
means, he lived himself comfortably, relieved others charitably,
left his children competently, and died piously.”—Worthies.
•
Ball, John. Antiquities of Constantinople, in 4 books,
trans. from the Latin of Gyllius, &c., Lon., 1729.
Ball, John. Medical works, Lon., 1758–71.
Ball, Nathaniel. Sermons, 1683-92.
Ball, Nathaniel, Rector of Wisley, &c. Recte vi-
vendi Ratio, &c., 1754. He pub. a number of sermons at
He pub. a number of sermons at
different times, 1745-63.
Ball, Richard. An Astrolophysical Compendium, or
a Brief Introduction to Astrology, Lon., 1697. Astrology
Improved, Lon., 1723.
Ball, Richard. Sermon, Matt. xxii. 21, 1682.
Ball, Thomas, 1590–1659, a Puritan divine, was a
native of Shropshire, and educated in King's College,
Cambridge. He pub. a life of his tutor, Dr. John Preston,
and Pastorum Propugnaculum, Lon., 1656.
Ball, Thomas, and Beatty, F. Reports of Cases
in the High Court of Chancery, Ireland, 1807-11, Dub.,
1821-23, 2 vols.; 2d ed., 1833–34; Philadelphia, 1839.
Ball, Wm. Political works, Lon., 1641-55.
Ball, Wm. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1666.
Ballantine, Wm. Treatise on the Statute of Limi-
tations, (21 Jac. I. c. 16,) Lon., 1810; New York, 1812;
Albany, 1829; edited by J. L. Tillinghast.
Ballard, Edward.
Lon., 1799.
Stock-broker's Vade Mecum,
Ballard, George, d. 1755, was born at Campden, in
Gloucestershire. Whilst employed in the shop of a habit-
maker, he devoted his spare hours to the study of the Saxon
language. His zeal for learning attracted the notice of that
excellent Saxon scholar, Mrs. Elstob. By the kinduess
of the first Lord Chedworth, he was removed to Oxford,
and an annuity of £60 (he declined to accept £100, which
was offered to him) was allowed him. He was appointed
one of the eight clerks of Magdalene College, and was
subsequently chosen one of the University beadles. He
pursued his researches with great zeal in the Bodleian Li-
brary, and left the results in the shape of large collections
of MSS., now preserved in the same depository. His ac-
count of Campden Church was read before the Society of
Antiquaries, Nov. 21, 1771. His only printed work is
Memoirs of Several Ladies of Great Britain, who have
been celebrated for their Writings, or Skill in the learned
Languages, Arts, and Sciences, Oxford, 1752; Lon., 1775.
Sixty-two ladies are here chronicled, commencing with
Juliana of Norwich, born about 1347, and ending with
Constantia Grierson, who died in 1733.
"It is pretty certain that England hath produced more women
famous for literary accomplishments, than any other nation in
Europe."-Preface.
"We find that the lives of eminent or worthy persons are gene-
rally, and deservedly, well received by the public: of which we
have here a new instance, added to the many of prior date, that it
would be needless to cite, in Mr. Ballard's Memoirs; a work that
has not wanted the assistance and encouragement due to so com-
mendable an undertaking.”—Monthly Review, 1753.
Hearne notices Mr. Ballard's labours:
"I know not what additions Mr. George Ballard can make to Mr.
Stowe's life; this I know, that being a taylor himself, he is a great
admirer of that plain, honest antiquary.”—Letter to Buker, 1735;
quoted by Nichols.
Ballard, Reave. Sermons, 1745-46.
Ballenden, or Bellenden, or Balantyn, Sir, or
Dr. John, d. 1550, a Scottish poet and historian, was a
doctor of the Sorbonne at Paris. By command of James
V., he translated Hector Boëthius's History from the Latin
into the Scottish tongue. The translation was made "with
a good deal of freedom, departing often from his author,
but generally for the sake of truth; and sometimes, also,
adding circumstances which, perhaps, might not be known
to Hector Bocce. However, his version, as he called it,
was very well received both in Scotland and England, and
soon became the standard of that History."-Biog. Brit.
He was archdeacon of Murray, canon of Rosse, and
clerk of the register. His trans. of the first five books of
Livy has been highly commended :
"As a specimen of the ancient language of Scotland and of the
prose style of the purest of her early writers, this translation of
Livy is peculiarly valuable. In rendering the animated descriptions
of Livy's pictured page, the translator evinces all the imagination
and vigour of a writer untrammelled by the necessity of adopting
the thoughts and sentiments of another.”
Baller, Richard. Psalms Evangelized, 1811.
Ballidon, J. See BALIDON.
Ballin, Miss. The Statue-Room: an Hist. Tale, 1799.
Ballingall, Sir George, d. 1855; from 1823 to '55,
Prof. Military Surgery in the Univ. of Edinburgh. 1. Out-
lines of Military Surgery, Svo. 2. On the Site and Con-
struction of Hospitals, 4to. 3. Observations on the Dis-
cases of the European Troops in India.
"This is a very interesting volume; Sir George Ballingall is
already favourably known to the profession by former writings,
and the present work will not derogate from his literary or his
professional reputation."-Johnson's Journal.
"We aro glad to see this admirable work attain to its third di
tion. If the place of a great school of Military Surgery could be
supplied by a book, Sir George Ballingall has gone far to supply
that desideratum."-United Service Magazine.
Ballou, Rev. Hosea, 1771-1852, b. Richmond, N.H.,
a prominent Universalist minister. 1. Notes on the Parables,
1804. 2. Treatise on the Atonement. 3. Candid Review.
4. Authenticity of the Scriptures. In 1819, he commenced
hymns. In connexion with his great-nephew, Rev. llosea
The Universalist Mag., to which he contrib. u.any original
Ballou, 2d, he commenced, in 1831, the pub. of the Uni-
Expositor, now pub. as the Universalist Quarterly
Review. 5. Lecture Serms., 1831. 6. An Examination of
the Doctrine of Future Retribution, 1834. Life by his son,
M. M. Ballou, (q. v.) His published works would make
more than one hundred 12mo vols.
"This small work is compiled by stringing together a number
of cases without the least possible labour of thought on the part
of the author. The American edition of 1812, purporting to con-
tain the American law of Limitations, has reference to seventy-one
decisions."-Morvin's Legal Bibl.
Ballantine, Wm. Introduc. to Latin Reading, 1815.
Ballantyne, James, d. 1833, the friend and co-part-versal
ner of Sir Walter Scott, contributed many articles to the
Edinburgh Evening Courant ante 1817; after which period
he edited the Edinburgh Weekly Journal, which was the
property of his firm.
Ballantyne, John, d. 1821, brother of the preceding,
was the confidant of, and manager for, the Great Unknown.
He was the author of The Widow's Lodgings, a novel.
Ballard. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1608.
Ballard, Edward. Sermons, 1734-46.
Ballou, Hosea, 2d, b. 1796, Guilford, Vt. The An-
cient History of Universalism, from the time of the Apos-
tles to its Condemnation in the Fifth General Council,
A.D. 553, Bost., 1829, 12mo; Providence, 1842. Ed. Sis-
mondi's History of the Crusades, Bost., 1833, 12mo; Ex-
108
BAL
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positor and Universalist Rev., Bost., 1831-40; Univ. Quar.
and General Rev., Bost., 1854-55.
Ballou, Maturin M., b. 1822, at Boston, Mass. 1.
History of Cuba; or, Notes of a Traveller in the Tropics.
2. Biography of Rev. Hosea Ballou, (his father.) 3. Life-
Story of Hosea Ballou: a juvenile work. Editor and pro-
prietor of Ballou's Pictorial and the Flag of our Union.
!
Ballou, Moses, b. 1811, Monroe, Mass., nephew of
Rev. Hosea Ballou. 1. Memorial of Sanford. 2. The
Divine Character Vindicated: a Reply to Beecher's Con-
flict of Ages. Contrib. to Universalist Quarterly since 1840.
Bally, George. Four Poems, pub. 1754, '56, '58, '67.
Balmain, W. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1799.
Balmanno, Mrs. Mary, wife of the succeeding, b. in
Derbyshire, England, has gained some reputation as an
artist, poctess, and composer of music. She has contrib.
many articles to the English Annuals, and pub. several
lyrics since her residence in America. She has edited the
She has edited the
Gems of Moore's Poetry, (illustrated,) with prose introduc-
tion and conclusions to each, and an illustrated edition of
Byron's Works. She pub., N.Y., 1858, Svo, a vol. entitled
Pen and Pencil, illustrated with cuts, a majority of which
were drawn on the block by her own hand. The beautiful
drawing of all the flowers mentioned by Shakspeare, which
excited so much attention at the New York Crystal Palace
in 1853-54 and was so highly lauded in the English and
American papers, was the production of Mrs. Balmanno.
Her force and depth of colouring have elicited great ad-
miration.
Balmanno, Robert, b. 1780, near Aberdeen, Scot-
land, is a descendant of an ancient family, of which there
are records existing temp. James VI. of Scotland and I.
of England. Mr. B. has contributed many articles to the
London periodicals and to the New York Knickerbocker,
Evening Post, and Graham's (Phila.) Magazine. For many
years he has been a resident of New York; and, although
now (1858) at an advanced stage of life, he is still distin-
guished for that literary enthusiasm and exquisite taste in
letters and the fine arts which rendered him so great a
favourite with Sir Thomas Lawrence, C. A. Stothard, Henry
Fuseli, Thomas Moore, Sir Martin A. Shee, Crofton Croker,
and a host of departed worthies, whose numerous unpub-
lished letters to Mr. B. and now in his possession would
form a rich entertainment to the present generation. For
some notices of Mr. Balmanno, see Mrs. Stothard's Life
of C. A. Stothard, and a Letter from Sir Walter Scott to
Sir Adam Ferguson, dated August 2, 1827.
Balmer, Robert, D.D., 1787-1844, Prof. of Syste-
matic Theology to the United Secession Church. Aca-
demical Lectures and Pulpit Discourses, 2 vols., Edin., 1845.
Balmford, James, the son of a carpenter, studied
at Oxford, and entered the Church. Carpenter's Chippes,
1607. A Short and plain Dialogue concerning the Un-
lawfulness of Playing at Cards, or Tables, or any other
Games consisting in Chance. Short Catechism, 2d ed.,
1607. A Modest Reply to a work of Gataker's, upon Lots.
Balnaves, Henry, d. 1579, was a native of Kirk-
caldy, county of Fife, Scotland. He was a zealous pro-
moter of the Reformation. John Knox gives him the cha-
racter of a very learned and pious divine. In 1563 he was
made one of the Lords of Session, and was one of the com-
mittee appointed to revise the book of discipline. Whilst
imprisoned in the castle of Rouen, he wrote what is called
by Knox, a Comfortable Treatise of Justification, Edin.,
1550. The high estimation in which this work is stili
held, is evinced by its having been lately republished at a
cheap rate by the London Religious Tract Society, for
wide circulation. Confession of Faith, concerning how
the troubled Man should seek refuge in God, Edin., 1584.
This work has a prefatory Epistle from John Knox. There
As a poem of Balnaves's in Ramsay's Collection.
"He was a godly, learned, and long experimented counsellor."-
SIR JAMES MELVIL,
See Knight's English Cyclopedia, Biography, vol. i.;
Rymer, Fœdera, xiv. 781, 783, 786, 792, xv. 142, 144: Sad-
er, State Papers, i. 83, 430; Balf., Aun., i. 305; Hist. of
King James VI., 35; Knox, Hist., 35, 41; Keith, Hist.,
529; MeCrie, Life of Knox, 39, n.; Catalogue of Senators
Catalogue of Senators
of the Coll. of Just., 60, seq.
Baltharpe, John. The Straight's Voyage, [contain-
ing an expedition to Algiers.] or St. David's Poem. Sold
at Lloyd's sale for £6 12s. 6d.
Baltimore, Lord. Answer to Town-tell-Truth, Lon.,
1642. His Case concerning the Province of Maryland,
Lon., 1653.
Baltimore, Fred. Calvert, Lord, d. 1772. Tour
to the East, in the years 1763 and 1764, with remarks on
the City of Constantinople and the Turks. Also select
1
Pieces of Oriental Wit, Poetry, and Wisdom, Lon., 1787;
Dubl., 1768.
Gaudia Poetica, Latina, Anglica, et Gallica Lingua
composita, anno 1769. Augustæ, 1770, 4to, with plates.
Privately printed (10 copies only) for presents. Sold at
Reed's Sale for £6 108; Bindley's, £7 78.
Coelestes et Inferni, Venet. 1771.
Balward, John. Sermon, 1774.
Bamfield, or Bamford, Joseph, an active soldier in
the civil war between King Charles I. and the Parliament,
published an Apology, an historical tract, now very rare.
"A man of wit and parts.”—Earl of CLARENDON.
Bamfield, S. A. New Treatise of Astron., Oxon, 1764.
Bamfield, Thos. Reply to Dr. Wallas's Report con-
cerning the Christian Sabbath, Lon., 1673.
Bamford, James. Plague's Infection, Lon., 1600.
Bampfield, or Bampfylde, Francis, d. 1684,
entered Wadhain College, Oxford, in 1631. He had a pre-
bend in the Church of Exeter, and subsequently was a
minister at Sherburn in Dorsetshire, of which he was de-
prived by the Act of Uniformity of 1662. His independ-
ence of character is amply proved by the peculiarities of
the views which he not only held, but zealously promul-
gated. His principal works are Judgment for Observation
of the Jewish Sabbath, Lon., 1672, sent in a letter to Mr.
Will Ben. All in One, Lon., 1677.
The design of which fantastic and unintelligible book is for the
advancement and augment of useful Arts, and of profitable Sci-
ences, in a Scriptural way, and that all Philosophy be taught out
of the Scripture, and not from Heathen authors.... Tis full of
bombast, great swelling, and forced language, and oftentimes un-
intelligible."-WOOD.
The House of Wisdom, 1681,
“In which fantastical book the author would have the Hebrew
tongue and language to be the universal character over all the in-
habited earth, to be taught in all schools, and children to be
taught it as their mother language. He proposes a way for the
erection of Academies to have it taught, and all Philosophy to pro
ceed from Scripture, to have all books translated into that lan
guage, and I know not what."-Ibil.
Historical Declaration of The Life of Shim Asher, 1681.
Grammatical Opening of some Hebrew Words and Phrases
in the beginning of the Bible. Falling under the displea-
sure of the government-having refused to take the oaths,
on the plea that "the King of kings forbade him to take
them" he was cast into prison, where he died in 1684.
Anthony Wood makes him the subject of one of his
strongly-drawn portraits:
"He was always a person so strangely fickle and unsteady in
his judgment, that he was first a Churchman, then a Presby-
terian, afterwards an Independent, or, at least, a sider with them,
an Anabaptist, and at length almost a compleat Jew, and what
not. He was also so enthusiastical and canting, that he did al-
most craze and distract many of his disciples by his amazing and
frightful discourses."
Bampfield, or Bamfylde, John. Sixteen Sonnets,
Lon., 1779.
The author was truly a man of genius; he published his son-
nets at a very early age; they are some of the most original in our
language. He died in a private mad-house after twenty years'
confinement.”—Southey's Specimens of the Later English Poets.
These sonnets will be found in Park's Collection of
the Poets.
Bampfield, R. W. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1814.
Treatise on Tropical Dysentery, Lon., Svo.
On Curvatures and Diseases of the Spine, including all
the forms of Spinal Distortion, Lon., Svo. Amer. ed., by
John K. Mitchell, M.D., Prof. Prac. Med. in Jefferson
Med. Coll., Phila.
"The very best treatise on spinal diseases and their treatment
extant."-Med. Examiner.
"We heartily recommend this book to all who feel an interest
in the matter, and especially in these days of degenerating spe
cialities."-N. Y. Jour. of Mid.
The treatise is a very valuable one, and we cheerfully recom
mend it to the profession.”—New Orleans Med. Jour.
Bampton, John, of New Coll., Oxon. Serm., 1611.
Bampton, Rev. Jno., Canon of Salisb., 1689-1751,
educated at Trinity College, Oxford, deserves honourable
mention as the founder of the celebrated series of Lectures
which bear his name. He gave his lands and estates to
the University of Oxford, upon trust, for the endowment
of Eight Divinity Lecture-Sermons, to be delivered annu-
ally: the subjects, To confirm and establish the Christian
Faith, and to confute all heretics and schismatics upon the
divine authority of the Holy Scriptures: The authority
of the writings of the Primitive Fathers as to the faith and
practice of the primitive Church: The Divinity of our
Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ: The Divinity of the Holy
Ghost: The articles of the Christian Faith as compro-
hended in the Apostles' and Nicene Creeds.
The Bamp-
ton Lectures form a most valuable bedy of divinity: for
109
BAN
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notices of them, consult the names of the Lecturers in the
present volume. We append a list, chronologically arranged.
1829. E. Burton.
1830. H. Soames.
1831. T. W. Lancaster.
1805. E. Nares.
1806. J. Browne.
1807. T. Le Mesurier.
1808. J. Penrose.
1809. J.B.S.Carwithen. 1833. F. Nolan.
1834. None.
1835. None.
his attention to politics, in which field he displayed consi-
derable ability. In January, 1838, he was appointed, by
President Van Buren, Collector of the Port of Boston, and
discharged the duties of this office with great fidelity for
three years. In 1844 he was the candidate of the Demo-
1832. R. D. Hampden. cratic party for the office of Governor of the State of Massa-
1810. T Falconer.
1811. J. Bidlake.
1812. R. Mant.
1813. J. Collinson.
chusetts, and received a large vote, though not elected.
In 1845, Mr. Bancroft was appointed Secretary of the Navy,
and proved a most useful public officer: he suggested many
reforms, established the Nautical School at Annapolis, and
1836. C. A. Ogilvie.
1837. T. S. L. Vogan.
1814. W. Van Mildert. 1838. II. A.Woodgate. improved the Astronomical Observatory at Washington.
1780. J. Bandinell.
1781. T. Neve.
1782. R. Holmes.
1783. J. Cobb.
1784. J. White.
1785. R. Churton.
1786. G. Croft.
1787. W. Hawkins.
1788. R. Shepherd.
1789. E. Tatham.
1790. IL Kett.
1791. R. Morres.
1792. J. Eveleigh.
1793. J. Williamson.
1794. T. Wintle,
1795. D. Veysie.
1796. R. Gray.
1797. W. Finch.
1798. C. Hall.
1799. W. Barrow.
1800. G. Richards.
1801. G. S. Faber.
1802. G. F. Nott.
1803. J. Farrer.
1804. R. Laurence.
1815. R. Heber.
1816. J. H. Spry.
1817. J. Miller.
1818. C. A. Moysey.
1819. H. D. Morgan.
1820. G. Faussett.
1821. J. Jones.
1822. R. Whateley.
1823. C. Goddard.
1824. J. J. Conybeare.
1825. G. Chandler,
1826. W. Vaux.
1827. H. H. Milman.
1828. T. Horne.
1839. W.D.Conybeare.
180. E. Hawkins.
1841. Not preached.
1842. J. Garbett.
1843. A. Grant.
1844. W. J. Jelf.
1845. C. A. Heurtley.
1846. A. Short.
1847. W. II. Shirley.
1848. E. G. Marsh.
1849. R. Michell.
1850. E. M.Goulburn.
1851. H. B. Wilson.
1852. J. E. Riddle.
In 1846, he was appointed minister-plenipotentiary to Great
Britain, and resided in London until 1849, receiving those
gratifying testimonials of esteem and respect which mere
official position is unable to command. On his return to
America he adopted the city of New York as his residence.
Some of his orations have been published; and he is the
author of several articles in the North American and
Boston Quarterly Reviews. He printed a Fourth-of-July
Oration in 1826, delivered at the request of the town of
Northampton; and, in 1836, an oration delivered at Spring
field was published, and went through several editions.
Complete sets are rarely to be found: several volumes
being very scarce. A set, 1780-1850, is worth about £40 |
to £45.
As an author, Mr. Bancroft is best known by his His-
tory of the United States, the first part of which, embrac-
ing the History of the Colonization of the United States,
is comprised in three volumes: 1st, pub. 1834; 2d, 1837;
Banaster, Banastre, or Banestre, Gilbert, a 3d, 1840. Vol. iv., being vol. i. of the History of the
poet and musician of the 15th century. His only work Revolution, was pub. in 1852, and vol. v. in 1853.
| The
extant is The Miracle of St. Thomas, 1467: in "MS. in first portion of this work contains an account of the set-
Bene't College Library."-RITSON.
tlement of the 13 original states, the Spanish settlements
"The Prophesis of Banister of England are not uncommon in Florida, the French discovery, and colonization of Mi-
among manuscripts. In the Scotch Prophesies, printed at Edin-chigan and Wisconsin; the discovery of the Mississippi,
burgh. 1680, Bannister is mentioned as the author of some of them,
the colonization of Illinois and Indiana, of Mississippi
'As Berlington's books and Bingaster tell us.' p. 2. Again, Beid
hath brieved in his book, and Banester also,' p. 18. He seems to be
and Louisiana, and the attempts at colonizing Texas by
confounded with William Panister, a writer of the reign of Edward
La Salle. The topics
the Third."— Warton's History of English Poetry.
6
Bancks, J. Miscell. Works, Lon., 1738-39.
Bancks, Robt. Mathemat. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1808.
Bancroft, A. Hist. of C. Wentworth, Esq., Lon., 1770.
Bancroft, Aaron, D.D., 1755-1839, for more than
half a century minister of a Congregational (Unitarian)
church at Worcester, Mass. Life of George Washington,
1807. Pub. in London, by Stockdale, in 1808.
Several editions of this work have been published.
Bancroft, E. N., M.D., son of the following, was a
military physician, and author of two publications, both
in 1808, respecting the Medical Department of Armies.
He warmly opposed the opinions of Drs. McGregor and
Jackson on this subject. He also pub. an Essay on the
Yellow Fever, 1811, and a Sequel thereto in 1817.
Bancroft, Edward, M.D., d. 1821, was noted for his
extensive knowledge of science in general. He was inti-
mate with Drs. Franklin, Priestley, and other philosophers
of the day. An Essay on the Natural History of Guiana,
Lon., 1769.
6
Besides natural history, this work may be consulted with ad-
vantage on the manners, &c. of the natives.”
"Written in a very unaffected manner, and containing a great
deal of information which was new at the time."
Experimental Researches concerning the Philosophy of
Permanent Colours, Lon., 1794. The same arranged, with
large additions, Lon., 1813, 2 vols.
The most scientific work on the subject."
Bancroft, George. Trans. of the Answer of the
Preacher's at Basle respecting the Administration of the
Lord's Supper, 1548-49, Svo.
Bancroft, George, b. 1800, in Worcester, Mass., is a
son of the Rev. Aaron Bancroft, D.D., author of a Life of
Washington. (See ante.) He entered Harvard College at
the early age of 13, and graduated with the second honours
of his class in 1817. In 1818 he visited Germany, where
he prosecuted his studies under the eminent scholars Heeren
and Schlosser. His original destination was the pulpit, and
he preached several discourses, which produced a favourable
opinion of his talents in this department; but a love of lite-
rature proved the stronger attachment. For a short period
he held the post of Greek Tutor in Harvard College. His
first publication was a volume of Poems, (1823,) followed in
the next year by a translation of Heeren's Reflections on the
Politics of Ancient Greece. Shortly before this, in conjunc-
tion with Dr. Joseph G. Cogswell, (now superintendent of
the Astor Library,) he opened the Round Hill School at
Northampton, and in the intervals of instruction he occu-
pied himself in supervising and publishing a translation of
Heeren's Histories of the States of Antiquity and of the Po-
litical System of Europe and its Colonies from the Discovery
of America to the Successful Termination of the Struggle for
Freedom of the British Colonies. Mr. Bancroft now turned
"Most interesting to the people of the great Valley of the Mis-
sissippi, are delineated more fully than in any American work,
and from original sources; the work is richly illustrated by maps,
sketches, and engravings, particularly by heads of the Winthrops,
of Smith, of William Penn. and Franklin; fac-similes of the map.
of the Valley of the Mississippi. and of Lake Superior, with
sketches illustrating Indian life and appearance."
and, while the author states his own opinions decidedly and
"The History of the United States is a work of great research,
strongly, it is pervaded by a fair and just spirit. The style is
vigorous, clear, and frank.-not often rising into eloquence, but
frequently picturesque, and always free from imitation and from
pedantry: it is, in fact, what it professes to be,-a national work,
and is worthy of its great theme.”-Knight's Eng. Cục.
So great has been the demand for this work, that the
15th edition of the first vols. was published in 1853.
We quote some notices of the IIistory of the Coloniza-
tion of the United States, comprising vols. i., ii., and iii.
The commendation of the author's distinguished friend
and quondam tutor, Professor Heeren, must have been
very gratifying to Mr. Bancroft:
"We know few modern historic works in which the author has
reached so high an elevation at once as an historical inquirer and
an historical writer. The great conscientiousness with which he
refers to his authorities, and his careful criticism, give the most
decisive proofs of his comprehensive studies. He has founded his
narrative on contemporary documents. yet without neglecting
works of later times. and of other countries. His narrative is
everywhere worthy of the subject. The reader is always instructed,
The
often more deeply interested than by novels or romances.
love of country is the muse which inspires the author; but this
inspiration is that of the severe historian, which springs from the
heart."-PROF. HEEREN.
The value of this opinion is well known to the student
of history. Edward Everett justly remarks that
"Few writers have better succeeded than Mr. Heeren in treat-
ing questions of antiquity with the spirit of modern philosophical
criticism. He is a prudent mediator between the bold specula-
tions of some of his countrymen, and the credulous learning of
the last century. . . . Mr. Heeren holds a place in the front rank
of the professors at Gottingen, is one of the most esteemed Ger
man writers of the present day, is a correspondent of the National
Institute of France. and worthy of the fame which he enjoys at
home and abroad."-North American Review.
Laudari a viro laudato Mr. Bancroft must feel to be a
sufficient reward for his arduous labours.
Frederick Von Raumer does not scruple to say that
"Bancroft, Prescott, and Sparks have effected so much in his
torical composition, that no living European historian can take
precedence of them. but rather might feel proud and grateful to
be admitted as a companion."
As we have quoted Mr. Everett, this seems to be a
proper place for a short extract from this distinguished
scholar's review of Mr. Bancroft's 1st volume:
"A History of the United States. by an American writer, pos
sesses a claim upon our attention of the strongest character. It
work of Mr. Bancroft is one of the ablest of the class which has
would do so under any circumstances; but when we add that the
for years appeared in the English language: that it compares ad-
vantageously with the standard British historians; that as far as
110
BAN
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It goes, it does such justice to its noble subject as to supersede
the necessity of any future work of the same kind; and if com-
pleted as commenced, will unquestionably forever be regarded
both as an American and as an English classic, our readers would
justly think us unpardonable if we failed to offer our humble tri-
bute to its merit.”—N. American Review, x1. 99.
On another occasion Mr. Everett remarks:
"This noble theme has been treated with a beauty and a power
by one whom I need not name In this presence, (the historian of
the United States,) which, without impairing their authenticity,
have converted the several pages of our history into a magnificent
Odyssey of national adventure."-Everett's Lecture on the Discovery
of America.
The 3d volume was reviewed by a brother historian, W.
H. Prescott:
"In closing our remarks we must confess our satisfaction, that
the favourable notice we took of Mr. Bancroft's labours, on his first
appearance, has been fully ratified by his countrymen, and that
his Colonial History establishes his title to a place among the
great historical writers of the age. The reader will find the pages
of the present volume filled with matter not less interesting and
important than the preceding. Ile will meet with the same bril-
liant and daring style, the same picturesque sketches of character
and incident, the same acute reasoning, and compass of erudition.”
-N. American Review, iii. 75.
The Edinburgh Review, in concluding a notice of the
3 vols., (9th edition, Boston, 1841,) remarks :
"We cannot take leave of this work without again enforcing
upon the mind of the English reader the necessity of perusing it
with a catholic spirit. All that is of chief importance in it is en-
titled to his esteem. The real liberality,-the general fairness,-
the labour and conscientious research it evinces.-deserve, and we
are assured will receive, his warmest approbation. There are some
peculiarities, however, of style,-some modes of expression.
some habits of thought, which are novel; and may, perhaps, not
prove entirely grateful to our cisatlantic taste. But Mr. Bancroft's
is an American, not an English. production, and must be judged
by a reference to American feelings. We treat a German or a
French work after this fashion.-and this one. although written
in our language, is not subject to our conventional criticism.”-
Vol. lxxxv. 115.
The democratic animus, thus hinted at, has not been un-
noticed at home. Dr. Griswold, while highly commend-
ing the History as a whole, observes:
..
Entering deeply into the spirit of the times, he becomes insen-
sibly the advocate of the cause of freedom. which invalidates his
testimony. He suffers too much his passion to instruct his rea-
son.' He is more mastered by his subject than himself master of
it. Liberty with him is not the result of an analytical process,
but the basis of his work, and he builds upon it synthetically.”—
Prose Writers of America, 4th ed., 1852, 405. (Notice of vols. i.-iii.
See also, to the same effect, N. Amer. Rev., lxxxiv. 426,
(by Rev. G. E. Ellis.) The London Monthly Review speaks
with enthusiasm both of the author and his theme:
"Mr. Bancroft, who is an American himself, possesses the best
qualities of an historian. His diligent research, his earnest yet
tolerant spirit, and the sustained accuracy and dignity of his style,
have been nobly brought to bear upon one of the grandest sub-
jects that ever engaged the study of the philosopher, the legislator,
or the historian. There can be no doubt of his being possessed of
the highest requisites of an historian."
|
Whilst there are many on this side of the Atlantic who
would not feel disposed to endorse without reservation the
following imprimatur, the literary competency of the his-
torian will be questioned by few:
contests of the people with their governors in the attempt of the
latter to subvert their liberties. It describes minutely the pio
gress of each event that tended toward the general result,-now
sketching with a vigorous hand the reckless management of the
'Board of Trade,' in their endeavours for the enforcement of arbi-
trary power; then again, holding up to our admiring view the
great Pitt, with his masterly genius stemming the storm which
was almost ready to break over Europe, and raising his country
to the highest pinnacle of greatness by his consummate states-
manship. The work is full of such artistic groupings, and rises
at times to the highest point of eloquence. But yet it is not uni-
form, and sometimes sinks almost to mediocrity. In fact, we have
seldom read a more uneven book,—some of its chapters, by their
extreme terseness of style, rendering you weary, and others car-
rying you along with resistless interest."-Norton's N. Y. Lil.Gazelle.
"Particularly the original, unpublished Journal of the Com-
mittee of Correspondence of Massachusetts; letters from public
committees, from places as far south as Savannah, most of them
unpublished, and never read by any writer of American history;
and letters from almost every town and village in Massachusetts,
from very many in Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Con-
necticut unpublished letters, giving the history of the periods
from 1765 to 1776, from Samuel Adams, Benjamin Franklin, as
agent for Massachusetts, John Adams, Richard Henry Lee, Arthur
Lee, William Lee, Christopher Gadsden: from Charles Thompson,
Dickinson, and many others; a large file of most valuable letters
from Joseph Warren; beside letters from William Prescott, Josiah
Quincy, Jr., John Hancock, Gerry, Hawley, Dr. Cooper, and other
leading characters in New England.”
From such materials and so skilful an architect, much
was expected, and expectation was not disappointed.
"It commences with a preliminary survey of the events that
had prepared the inhabitants of the American Continent for the
brilliant destiny that was to open before them, and is continued
through a period of fifteen momentous years, embracing the seven
years' war, the expulsion of the French from Canada, and the first
Vol. 5th appeared in 1853. It comprises a period of
three years, 1763–1766, and gives a history of the causes
of dispute between Great Britain and ber American Colo-
nies. The enforcement of the Navigation Act, the passage
of the Stamp Act, the Pontiac War, the Rockingham
Ministry, the temper with which the Stamp Act was re-
ceived in the Colonies, and its bold rejection by the first
American Congress, the advocacy of the Colonial cause on
the floor of Parliament by the first man in England-the
great Pitt-the Repeal of the Stamp Act, and the other
exciting events of this period are drawn by the hand of a
inaster.
"The further this work proceeds, the more do we feel that it
must take its place as an essentially satisfactory History of the
United States.”—London Athenæum.
We quote some more notices of Mr. Bancroft's History
as a whole :
"Aside from its artistic excellence, its remarkable unity, bri
liant narrative, and vivid description, the whole work is full of
facts that can be found nowhere else: for no one has had at com-
mand richer or more costly materials, or has brought to them
greater ability or more persevering industry."
"There are more graceful narrators than Bancroft. There may
be annalists more searching and profound-though we can scarcely
name them-but for union of history and philosophy, the actual
and the ideal, in a continuous synthetic composition, he certainly
bears away the palm. . . . Mr. Bancroft's narrative is distinguished
for its freedom from vagueness, and its exact nicety of description.
In the sphere of facts, he deals in no unmeaning generalities.
Whether delineating character or natural scenery, his epithets are
choice, short-cut, and of expressive fidelity. He never falls into
the error, so common with inferior writers, of losing all distinct-
ness of statement in a cloud of general assertions. He is always
specific in his detail. instead of trusting to indefinite sketches. Ile
does not paint in uncertain colours the localities which he wishes
to illustrate, but presents their natural features in prominent re-
RIPLEY.
"At once a philosopher, a poet, a statesman, and an assiducus
student, it is not surprising that he has produced a monument of
genius and toil which embodies the highest attributes of the in-
tellect. and will challenge the admiration of ages."-New York
Quarterly Review.
64
Among the historians who have attained a high and deserved
reputation in the United States, within the last few years, we are
inclined to yield the first place to George Bancroft.
"His experience in political and diplomatic life. no less than his
rare and generous culture, and his singular union of the highest
mental faculties, enable us to predict with confidence that his
work will be reckoned among the genuine masterpieces of historical
genius."-Westminster Review.
Vol. vi., pub. 1854, comprises the history of eight years,
"Bancroft is the acknowledged historian of the United States.
To him has been awarded by universal consent the task of making
the record of our nation's life, with a confidence in his ripe scholar--1766-74,-bringing us down to the very verge of the Re-
ship, extensive historical knowledge, just discrimination, and the
purity of his style, that has in no respect been disappointed. Ilis
work is, and must be, the standard history of the country, and as
such should reach every family, and be studied by every person
who would be acquainted with the events of our past existence.”
We have stated that vol. 4th, being vol. 1st of the His-
tory of the American Revolution, was published in 1852.
It comprises a period of 16 years, from 1748 to 1763, and
is styled The American Revolution; Epoch First, the
Overthrow of the European Colonial System. For the pre-
paration of this volume Mr. Bancroft had a large stock of
valuable materials never before used—
volution. It has received the high commendation of being
"in no respect inferior to its predecessors." In 1858 appeared
revised eds. of vols. i. and ii., and in the same year was pub.
vol. vii.,-being vol. i. of the American Revolution.
“This volume, while it forms the Continuation of the History as
already published, is the first of four volumes embracing the period
of the American Revolution.-from the Blockade of Bosten to the
Treaty of Peace at Paris, in 1782-and contains (in a great degree
from manuscript and unpublished sources) the history of the nation
during the first portion of this eventful period, including the
blockade of Boston Harbor, the general organization of the cour try,
the alteration of the Charter of Massachusetts. the resistance of the
people of Massachusetts, the spirit of the South, the Congress of
1774, the progress of measures in England, France, and elsewhere,
the battles of Lexington and Concord, the siege of Boston, the
Congress of 1775, the choice of Washington as commander-in-chief,
the battle of Bunker Hill, &c."
"Having thus recognized the claims of the work in general
terms, we may be allowed a critical word or two. In the first place,
then, the absence of references, notwithstanding the author's ex-
planation, is a great defect. We have heard much of the original
and unedited historic material in his possession, but fail to traco
any striking evidence thereof in the text. The ground over which
be leads us is familiar and endeared: Marshall and Sparks, Ramsay
and Gordon, Botta, Everett, and Frothingham, Irving. Lossing,
and others, have been our guides in the same series of events; and
we find little that is novel in the facts narrated by Mr. Bancroft.
The prominence given to Samuel Adams, the details of public
opinion and sentiment on both sides of the Atlantic, the sketches
of European character, and many generalizations, philosophic and
political, are the chief features of freshness; and these do not always
add to the effect. Many of the longest quotations, though apt and
illustrative, are household words to us all.—such as Lord Chatham's
famous speech, Burke's description of the whale-fishery, Logan'e
111
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aboriginal eloquence, and Patrick Henry's appeal.”—H. T. TUCKER | British Topography and Saxon and North. Lit., bequeathed
MAN. (Review of vol. vii., 1858.)
to the Bodleian Library by Richard Gough, Esq., 1814,
4to.
"In spite of all its partiality and all its short-comings, Mr. Ban-
croft's work is a remarkable contribution to the history of that
great and memorable revolution. Possibly, had he been less
national he would have been less in earnest; and it is good to have
an opportunity of seeing from all points of view."-Lon. Critic.
(Review of vol, vii.)
"The opinion which we have more than once expressed upon
the style of Mr. Bancroft's History applies with full force to the
volume before us. It is exceedingly picturesque and bright and
processional, yet scarcely equal to the vigour of debate or the storm
of revolutionary battle. We have only glimpses of the men of the
Revolution, and are left to a good deal of surmise as to the secrets
of the time. We miss the authoritative notes that lighted up the
text of the earlier volumes, and cannot but, on the whole, express
our regret that the author has not had such complete access to
papers as would have given fulness and certainty to this without
doubt the only American National History.”—Żon. Athen., Junə
12.1858. (Review of vol. vii.)
"Mr. Bancroft, who was Ambassador to London in 1846-49, had
the Government archives of England and France freely thrown open
to him for the purposes of this history while thus engaged, and also
was allowed free access to the private papers of the noble and
political families in both countries whose ancestors had been
mixed up in our contest. Well and wisely has he used them.
We had occasion, when his sixth volume appeared, to go over it
as critically as we could; and it is to the credit of bis accuracy that
we were able to discover only a single inaccuracy. That was where
he committed tautology, by speaking of the county of Yorkshire?
Let us hope that the continuation of this national work will be
pushed forward with some rapidity. Nearly four years have elapsed
between the appearance of the two last volumes. Mr. Bancroft
describes battles as well as Sir William Napier, who fought them."
-DR. R. SHELTON MACKENZIE,
Mr. B. pub. an Abridg. of his Hist. of the Colonization
of the U. States, 2 vols. 16mo, out of print, and not repub-
lished. In 1855, a vol. of his Miscellanies was pub., N.
York, Svo, and has passed through several edits.
Bancroft, John. Sertorius; a Tragedy, Lon., 1679.
Bancroft, Richard, 1544-1610, Archbishop of Can-
terbury, was a native of Farmsworth in Lancashire. He
took the degree of B.A. at Christ's College, Cambridge, in
1567, and then removed to Jesus College. He was in fa-
vour with Queen Elizabeth, whom he attended in her last
illness. She nominated him to the see of London, and
King James in 1604, promoted him to the Archbishopric
of Canterbury. He was a zealous opponent of the Puri-
tans, and Clarendon thinks that had his life been prolonged,
he would have succeeded in destroying that formidable
power which after his death swallowed up both the Church
and the Monarchy. On the 12th of January, 1588, he
preached a sermon at St. Paul's Cross, in which he handled
the Puritans with great severity. See Hickes's Biblio-
theca Script. Eccles. Anglicanæ.
In 1593 he published, 1. Dangerous Positions and Pro-
ceedings published and practised within this Island of
Britain, under pretence of Reformation and of the Presby-
terian Discipline. 2. A Survey of the pretended Holy
Discipline. These works
"Were liked and greatly commended by the learnedest men in
the realm."-WHITGIFT.
Archbishop Bancroft was
"A person of singular courage and prudence in all matters relat-
Ing to the discipline and establishment of the Church.”—CAMDEN,
Bancroft, Thomas, b. probably about 1600, was
educated at Catherine Hall, Cambridge. Two Bookes of
Epigrammes and Epitaths. Dedicated to two top branches
of Gentry: Sir Charles Shirley, Baronet, and William
Davenport, Esq., London : printed by J. Okes, for Matthew
Walbancke, and are to be sold at his shop in Grayes-Inne-
gate, 1639. This very rare volume contains 481 "Epi-
grammes and Epitaths." Priced in Bibl. Anglo-Poet., £20.
In the first Book occur two "Epigrammes" on Shakspeare:
"Shooke thy Speare," seems to allude to his Crest, which
was a Falcon supporting a Spear.
Bancroft was a contributor to Lachrymæ Musarum,
1650, in which his poem is thus inscribed:
"To the never-dving Memory of the noble Lord Hastings, &c.,
the meanest son of the Muses consecrates this Elegie.”—Bib. Anglo-
Portica.
See Dyce's account of James Shirley, the dramatist,
for his lines to that author.
Glutton's Feavers. This was reprinted for the members
of the Roxburghe Club, by J. D. Phelps, Esq. In the
Restituta, vol. ii. p. 490-96, will be found 19 Epigrams
from Bancroft's first work.
Heroical Lover, Lon., 1658. Sold in the Reed Sale for
£1 108. 6d.
Bancroft, Thomas. Prolusiones Poetica, Lon.,1788.
Bandinel, Rev. Bulkeley. For many years he has
had the principal care of the Bodleian Lib., Oxford. Dug-
dale's Monasticon Anglicanum, to be completed in 4 vols:
Parts 1 and 2, 1813, fol. A Catalogue of Books relating to
"The most complete catalogue of English Topography extant.”
Bandinel, J. Lufra; a Poem, 12mo. Milton Dave-
nant, 3 vols. p. Svo. Sermons, Devotional and Practical,
12mo. Treatise on Slavery, 1842, r. Svo.
Baudinell, James. Eight Sermons preached be-
fore the University of Oxford, in 1780, Lon., 1780, on the
Doctrines of Christianity.
"These discourses manifest considerable abilities in their author.
Their style and language are generally easy, accurate, and expres
sive. They discover sense and ingenuity, learning and criticism.
The subjects of them are chiefly the truth of Christianity, and its
peculiar doctrines.”—Monthly Review, 1781.
Banfill, S. A letter to D. Giddy, M.P., 1811.
Bangs, Nathan, D.D., b. 1778, at Stratford, Fairfield
co., Connecticut, entered the ministry of the Methodist
Episcopal Church in 1801. 1. The Errors of Hopkinsian-
ism. 2. Predestination Examined. 3. Reformer Reformed.
4. Life of the Rev. Freeborn Garrettson. 5. History of Mis-
sions. 6. An Original Church of Christ. 7. Hist. of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, 4 vols. 12mo. S. Emancipa-
tion. 9. State Prospects and Responsibilities of the M. E.
Church. 10. Letters on Sanctification. 11. Life of Arminius.
Dr. Bangs has contributed largely to the periodical litera-
ture of his Church. By appointment of the Gen. Conference
he assumed the duties of editorship of the Christian Ad-
vocate and Journal, and the oversight of all the books issued
from the Church establishment. As editor of the Quarterly
Review and of the Methodist Book Concern, he has been
widely useful to the ecclesiastical connexion of which he is
a member.
Banim, John, is the author of a number of highly
popular novels. The Tales of the O'Hara Family, 1st and
2d series, 1825–26, excited a very strong interest in the pub-
lic mind.
"He appears to know the affairs of his native land thoroughly,
and to have entered into all its circles.”—London Literary Gazette,
Croppy; a Tale of 1798, pub. in 1828. This work is
distinguished by Mr. Banim's graphic powers of descrip-
tion. Anglo-Irish of the 19th Century, 1828. The De-
nounced, 1830. Father Connell, 1842, 12mo; 3 vols. p. 8vo.
"An excellent specimen of the O'Hara ware. . . . Good Father
Connell ought to be a welcome guest in Protestant as well as in
Catholic houses."-Lon. Athen.
Bit o' Writin, 3 vols. p. Svo. Boyne Water, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Crohoore of Bill-hook, 12mo. Ghost-Hunter and his Family,
12mo. John Doe, 12mo. Mayor of Wind-Gap, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
Nowlans, 12mo. Smuggler, 12mo; new ed., 1857. He was
the author of the celebrated tragedy of Damon and Pythias.
John Murray, 12mo, 1857.
See Life, with Extracts from his Correspondence by Patrick
"The Ghost Hunter and his Family, and the Mayor of Wind
Gap, and several other works, are proofs of Mr. Banim's remarkable
talent of eliciting the interest and sympathies of his reader. Fault
has been found with him on the ground that there is throughout
the whole of bis writings a sort of overstrained excitement, a wil
ful dwelling upon turbulent and unchastened passions, which, as
it is a vice most incident to the workings of real genius, morę
especially of Irish genius, so perhaps it is one which meets with least
mercy from well-behaved, prosaic people."-Westminster Review.
Banister, A. A Model for a School, by A. B.
Banister, James. Arts and Sciences, Lon., 1785.
Banister, John, a physician, studied at Oxford; he
took the degree of bachelor in 1573. 1. A Needful, New,
and Necessary Treatise of Chirurgery, Lon., 1575. 2. The
Historie of Man, sucked from the Sappe of the most ap-
proved Anatomist, &c., Lon., 1578. He pub. several other
professional works.
Banister, John, and Thos. Low. New Ayres, &c.,
Lon., 1678.
Banister, John, an eminent botanist, born in Eng-
land, settled in Virginia, where he was killed by a fall
from the rocks whilst on a botanical excursion. His death
cut short a work on which he was engaged-The Natural
History of Virginia. "His herbarium came into the pos-
session of Sir Hans Sloane, who thought it a valuable
acquisition." He contributed botanical papers to Phil.
Trans., 1693, 1700; and a Catalogue of Plants, observed
by him in Virginia, will be found in Ray's Historia Planta-
rum, 1704. Ray speaks of him as very eminent in his de-
partment. Dr. Houston named a plant Banisteria, after
him, and Lawson remarks,
Banister, John. A Synopsis of Husbandry, Lon.,1799.
Banister, Richard. A Treatise of 133 Diseases of
the Eyes and Eyelids, Lon., 1622; Tr. from Guillemeau.
"In my treatise of the Eyes, I have named the best oculists
that have been in this land for fifty or sixty years, who were no gra
duates either in Cambridge or Oxon.”- -Extract from above work.
112
BAN
BAN
Bankes, Henry, b. about 1757, d. 1835, was a great-
great-grandson of Sir John Bankes, Lord Chief Justice
of the Common Pleas in the reign of Charles I. He was
educated at Westminster, and Trinity College, Cambridge.
He became M.P., 1780, and was an acting and useful Trus-
tee of the British Museum. In 1818 he pub. The Civil
and Constitutional History of Rome, from the foundation
to the Age of Augustus. This work met with but little
favour from the Quarterly Review. See Early History
of Rome, vol. xxvii. 273: but audi alteram partem :
"Mr. Bankes, by his History, has undoubtedly rendered a service
to the literature of his country, and conferred material obligation
on the philosopher and the scholar. This work is written in a spirit
of inquiry and examination, which throws much light on subjects
that have hitherto been greatly neglected.”—Lon. Monthly Review.
Bankes, Sir John, of Queen's Coll., Oxford, Lord
Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in the reign of Charles I.
A table of his Reports will be found in the Hargrave MSS.,
No. 523.
"Bankes, the attorney, hath been commended that he exceeds
Bacon in eloquence, Chancellor Ellesmere in judgment, and Wil-
liam Noy in Law.”—Leller of Lord Strafford.
Bankes, Lawr. Safe-Guard of the Soul, Lon., 1619.
Bankes, Thos. Concio ad Clerum Cantabrigia Ha-
bita in Que. v. x., Lon., 1611.
Bankes, W. H. A Hebrew-Eng. Lexicon, Lon., 1812.
Banks. Religion and Reason Adjusted, &c., Lon., 1696.
Banks, Sir Jacob. Argument in the Case of Ship
Money.
Banks, John, a dramatic writer, was bred an attor-
ney-at-law, and at one time was a member of New Inn.
His pieces were very popular, and several of them main-
tained possession of the stage for a long time. Rival
Kings, Lond., 1677. Destruction of Troy, 1679. Virtue
Betrayed, 1682. Island Queens, 1684. Unhappy Favour-
ite, or the Earl of Essex, 1682. Innocent Usurper, 1694.
Cyrus the Great, 1696. A notice of his writings will be
found in the Biog. Dramat., where his power of interesting
the feelings is dwelt upon at length.
“Mr.Banks's writings have in the general drawn more tears from,
and excited more terror in, even judi ious audiences, than those
of much more correct and more truly poetical authors.”
"Yesterday we were entertained with the tragedy of the Earl of
Essex, in which there is not one good line. (perhaps too severe!!
and yet a play which was never seen without drawing tears
from some part of the audience."-SIR RICHARD STEELE : Taller,
No. 14.
"A pleasing and acceptable companion, and a modest and unas-
suming man, free from every inclination to indulge in contests, or
indulge envy or malevolence."-Cibber's Lives.
Mr. Banks has
See Monthly Review, vol. liv., 1807.
pub. several works of a similar character to the above.
Institutes
Bankton, Lord Andrew McDouall.
of the Law of Scotland in Civil Rights, &c., Edin., 1750.
Bannantine, James. Memoirs of Col. Despard,
1799. Other publications, 1803-15.
Bannatyne,Dugald. Essay on Polit. Economy, 1816.
Bannatyne, George, 1545-1607, was the compiler
of the celebrated MS. Corpus Poeticum. Scotorum, now in
the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. The MS. was for a
long time preserved in the family of Mrs. Foulis, (Banna-
tyne's daughter.) In 1712 it came into the hands of the
Hyndford. In 1772 it was presented by the then earl to
Hon. Wm. Carmichael of Stirling, brother to the Earl of
the Advocates' Library. Allen Ramsey drew the specimens
in his Evergreen from this MS. Sir David Dalrymple,
afterwards Lord Hailes, published a selection from it in
1770, 12mo. A reprint, Leeds, 1815, 200 copies on com-
mon paper, and 31 on coloured paper. Of Bannatyne we
know but little. Sir Walter Scott remarks, (Diary.)
:
"His style gives alternate specimens of vulgar meanness and
of bombast. But even his dialogue is not destitute of occasional
nature and pathos; and the value of his works as acting plays is
very considerable."-Knight's Eng. Cyc.
í
Banks, John, 1709-1751, was born at Sunning, in
Berkshire. He wrote a number of poems, &c. for periodi-
- Wrought upon an introduction to the notices which have been
recovered of George Bannatyne. . . . They are very jejune, theso
cals, pub. for a time The Weaver's Miscellany, and assisted
same notices; a mere record of matters of business, putting forth
in a Life of Christ. He pub. a Critical Review of the Life and calling in sums of money, and such like. Yet it is a satisfac
of Oliver Cromwell, which has been frequently reprinted. tion to know that this great benefactor to the literature of Scot-
He was encouraged in his poetic. 1 efforts by Pope's sub-
sub-land had a prosperous life, and enjoyed the pleasures of domestic
scribing for two copies of his book.
society, and in a time peculiarly perilous lived unmolested, and
died in quiet."
Catalogus Bibliothecæ historico naturalis Josephi Banks,
Baroneti, &c., Auctore Jona. Dryander, Londini, 1798-
1800, 5 vols.
"An excellent and admirable arranged catalogue, certainly the
most comprehensive of the kind ever published. It contains a
collection of all the articles in the library, and is illustrated with
much curious and important information.”
£5 to £6 have been paid for this catalogue at public sales.
Banks, P. W. Railways of Europe and America, &c.
Remarks and Suggestions concerning the Trial of Contro-
verted Elections, or Returns of Members to serve in Par-
liament, Lon., 1838.
existing, of how much easier it is to find fault with the work of
"This pamphlet adds one more to the numerous proofs already
others, than to show how things may be done better:-to call the
Reform Bill a piece of most clumsy legislation, than to give any
reasonable and tangible remedy for its defects."
:
"Never perhaps has the chair been filled with more honour to
the individual. or more advantage to the interest of science. His
time, his wealth, his influence, his talents, an incomparable libra-
ry of science and art; knowledge and judgment to advise: affabi-
lity to conciliate and encourage; generosity to assist; all, in short,
of which he possessed, and it was all something either goodness or
greatness, he made the patrimony of the studious and learned. not
of his own country, but of the whole world."-Lon. Gent. Mog., 1820,
Sir Joseph left his books and botanical collection to the
British Museum.
|
Banks, Robert. Sermon, Ps. cxix. 136, 1700.
Banks, Thomas Christopher, 1760-1854. Dor-
mant and Extinct Baronage of England, from the Norman
Conquest to the Year 1809, Lon., 1807-09, 3 vols. 4to.
66
· A work of no merit. The greater part of its contents was co-
pied from Dugdale's Baronage; but as many of that writer's most
important statements, and all his references to his authorities, are
omitted. it is of infinitely less value. The account of titles created
since Dugdale wrote. is chiefly taken from Collins."-LOWNDES.
Stemmata Anglicana, Lon., 1825.
"The only valuable portion of the work is that entitled Barones
Rejecti, being an account of individuals who appear to have beld
the rank of Barons, but who are not noticed by other writers,
which in many instances exhibits proofs of considerable research."
-Nid.
Banks, John. Treatise on Mills, etc., 1795-1812.
Banks,Jona. Educational works, &c.. Lon..1679-1721.
Banks, Sir Joseph, 1743-1820. This distinguished
naturalist was born, according to some accounts, at Reves-
by Abbey, in Lincolnshire, the country-seat of his fa-
ther, William Banks, Esq. Others judge, from the register
of his baptism, that he was born in Argyle street, London.
In 1760 he entered a gentleman commoner at Christ
Church, Oxford. After a voyage to Labrador and New-
foundland, in 1768, he sailed in the Endeavour with Cap-
tain Cook on his first circumnavigation of the world. In
this expedition he was accompanied by Dr. Solander, a
naturalist of great acquirements. A Short Account of the
Causes of the Diseases in Corn, called by Farmers the
Mildew and the Rust, Lon., 1803. Circumstances Relative
to Merino Sheep, chiefly collected from the Spanish Shep-styled
herds, Lon., 1809. Contributions to Pennant's Tour in
Scotland, (Account of Staffa ;) to Archæol., 1796; to Trans.
Hortic. Society, 1815; and to Nic. Jour., 1804. Sir Joseph
was President of the Royal Society from the year 1777 to
the time of his decease in 1820.
The Memorials of George Bannatyne, 1545-1608, edited
by Sir Walter Scott and D. Laing, Esq., was puh, in 1826:
it is No. XXXI. of the works issued by the Bannatyne
Club. This club was founded in 1823 by Sir Walter Scott,
and he regularly presided over its meetings, from 1823 to
1831. It consisted originally of only 31 members; but as
many persons of rank and literary distinction were anx-
ious to become connected with it, in 1828 the number
was increased to 100.
"The Bannatyne Club was a child of his own, and from first to
last he took a most fatherly concern in all its proceedings. His
from what had been adopted by the Roxburghe. Their club-books
practical sense dictated a direction of their funds widely different
already constitute a very curious and valuable library of Scottish
history and antiquities: their example has been followed with not
inferior success by the Maitland Club of Glasgow-which was
soon afterwards instituted on a similar model, and of which, also,
Sir Walter Scott was a zealous associate;—and since his death a
third club of this class, founded at Edinburgh in his honour, and
the Abbotsford Club, has taken a still wider range:-not
confining their printing to works connected with Scotland, but
admitting all materials that can throw light on the ancient history
the author of Waverley."-Lockhart's Life of Scott,
or literature of any country, anywhere described or discussed by
Sir Walter's hope expressed in his Diary-"I hope the
Bannatyne Club will be really useful and creditable,"-
has been amply fulfilled: Q. E. D. by the list of its pub-
lications recorded in "Hume's Learned Societies and Print-
ing Clubs." We have a noble specimen of its press now
before us; the Catalogue of the Library at Abbotsford,
presented to the President and Members by Major Sir
Walter Scott, (December, 1838.) This grand catalogue
was compiled by that able bibliographer, Mr. Cochrano,
of the London Library.
8
113
BAN
BAR
"In some instauces Sir Walter's MS. notes to the various books
have been extracted. but there are numberless references to his
works where the books have been used or quoted."
Think of that, thou non-possessor, and weep! Thrice
happy may that man deem himself who can "number in
his list" of BIBLIOGRAPHY a copy of the ABBOTSFORD
CATALOGUE! And here we have it, "sub oculis mani-
busque !"
Bannatyne, Richard, Secretary to John Knox.
Journal of the Transactions in Scotland during the Con-
test between the Adherents of Queen Mary and those of
her son, in 1570, '71, 72, 73, Edin., 1806.
Bannatyne, Sir Wm., 1743-1834, an eminent Scot-
tish lawyer, one of the founders of the Highland Society
of Scotland, contributed some pieces, which have been
highly commended, to the Mirror and Lounger.
Banner, Richard. On Symony, Lon., 1716.
Banner, Richard. Music at Worcester; a Sermon,
1737.
Bannerman, Anne. Poems, Ed. 1800. Tales, 1802.
Bannister, Rev. James. Translation from Euri-
pides, Lon., 1780. Pindar, 1791. Other works, 1785–1802.
Bannister, S. Reports of Judgments by Sir Orlando
Bridgman, from M. T., 1660, to T. T., 1667, edited from the
Hargrave MSS., Lon., 1823.
Bansley, Charles. A Rhyming Satire on the Pride
and Vices of Women now-a-days. Black letter, commenc-
ing with
"Bo-peep, what have we spied?"
This author, unfortunate in having lived in such evil
days, has affixed no date to his ill-natured Satire against
the ladies. Perhaps he was an unworthy, and, therefore,
justly rejected, suitor, and revenged himself by this
wholesale attack on the sex. This is supposed to have
been written circa 1540.
Banson, John. A Fast Sermon, Lon., 1730.
Banvard, Rev. Joseph. Illust. of the Life, &c.
of Danl. Webster, N. York, 16mo. Plymouth and the
Pilgrims, 16mo. Novelties of the New World, 16mo.
Romance of American History, 16mo. The Christian
Melodist, 18mo.
Banyer, Edward. Sermons, Lon., 1739-47.
Banyer, Henry, M.D. Profess. Works, Lon., 1717-40.
Banyer, Josiah. Sermon, Heb. xi. 29, 1666.
Barbauld, Anna Letitia, 1743-1825, was born at
Kibworth, Leicester, where her father, the Rev. John
Aikin, LL.D., a Dissenting minister, was master of an ex-
cellent academy. See the memoir of her brother, Dr.
John Aikin, in this volume. She gave early indications
of uncommon powers of mind, which were cultivated by
a thorough English and classical education. In 1773 she
was persuaded to publish a volume of miscellaneous
poems, which was so well received that four editions were
issued within the year. In the same year her brother and
herself published a volume of Miscellaneous Pieces in
Prose. In 1774 she was married to the Rev. Rochemont
Barbauld, a Dissenting minister, descended from a family
of French Protestants. The newly-married pair opened a
school at the village of Palgrave, and Mrs. Barbauld's
literary fame, and her devotion to the duties of instruc-
tion, soon secured celebrity and success to the academy.
Her Early Lessons for Children, and Hymns in Prose for
Children, proved useful, not only to her own pupils, but
also to many thousands who have lived to carry out the
excellent principles inculcated by these invaluable ma-
nuals for the young. In 1775 appeared her Devotional
Pieces, composed from the Psalms and the Book of Job.
..
The author of the thoughts prefixed to these Devotional
Pieces hath employed her able and masterly pen to show that a
devotional spirit is not beneath the attention of the most culti-
vated and philosophical spirits. or, in the expressive words which
she has chosen for the motto of her work, that
Praise is devotion fit for mighty minds.
... Before we take our leave of this ingenious production, the
author will pardon us if we express a wish that she would not
suffer herself to be so enamored of David's harp, as entirely to lay
aside her own charming lyre.”—Lon. M´mthly Review, 1785.
In 1785 Mr. and Mrs. Barbauld, finding repose neces-
sary, gave up their school, and visited Switzerland and
France, where they remained for nearly a twelvemonth.
In 1790 Mrs. Barbauld published A Poetical Epistle to
Mr. Wilberforce, on the Rejection of the Bill for Abolish-
ing the Slave Trade. In 1792 appeared Remarks on Gil-
bert Wakefield's Inquiry into the Expediency and Proprie-
ty of Public and Social Worship.
Evenings at Home, the joint production of Mrs. Bar-
bauld and her brother, Dr. John Aikin, was commenced
in 1792, and completed in 1795, in 6 vols. In this excel-
lent work Mrs. Barbauld's share was not considerable. It
¦
114
I
is said that not more than one-twelfth of the whole was
contributed by her pen. See more respecting Evenings
at Home in memoir of Dr. John Aikin.
In 1802 Mr. Barbauld became pastor of a congregation
at Newington-Green, and a resident of the village of
Stoke-Newington. Mrs. Barbauld pub., in 1804, Solec-
tions from the Spectator, Tatler, Guardian, and Free..
holder. In the same year she contributed a Life of Samuel
Richardson to his Correspondence. In 1808 she was
called to mourn the death of her husband, who had given
up the exercise of his ministerial duties two years previ-
ously. In 1810 she edited a series of the British Novel-
1811; and in the next year was pub. Eighteen Hundred
ists, pub. in 50 vols. The Female Spectator appeared in
and Eleven, a Poem of a political character, and any
thing but cheerful in its tone.
edition of her works was published in two volumes after
This excellent lady lived to the advanced age of 82. Au
her death, with a memoir of the authoress, by her niece.
Lucy, daughter of Dr. John Aikin, herself a writer of
considerable note. Mrs. Barbauld's imitation of Dr.
Johnson, in her Essays on Romance, was thus noticed by
the doctor himself:
"The imitators of my style have not hit it. Miss Aikin has.
done it the best; for she has imitated the sentiments as well as
the diction."-Boswell's Life of Johnson.
We find another reference by the Doctor to Miss Aikin:
"Too much is expected from precocity, and too little performed
Miss Aikin was an instance of early cultivation, but in what did
it terminate? In marrying a little Presbyterian parson, who keeps
an infant boarding-school, so that all her employment now is
6 To suckle fools, and chronicle small beer.'
She tells the children, This is a cat, and that is a dog, with four
legs and a tail; see there! you are much better than a cat or a dog,
daughter, and had discovered that she thought of marrying such
for you can speak.' If I had bestowed such an education on a
a fellow, I would have sent her to the Congress."
C
Nemo mortalium omnibus horis sapit; and this is one of
the many very foolish speeches of a very wise man. Coul 1
the highly-educated young lady have been better employel
than in promoting the mental, moral, and religious im-
provement of those who were in a few years to influence
society so greatly for good or for evil?
"Her earliest pieces, as well as her more recent ones, exhibit in
their imagery and allusions the fruits of extensive and variel
reading. In 'youth the power of her imagination was counter-
rapid but not unprofitable excursions over almost every field of
balanced by the activity of her intellect, which exercised itself in
knowledge. In age, when this activity abated. imagination ar
peared to exert over her an undiminished sway."-LUCY AIKIN.
To claim for Mrs. Barbauld the praise of purity and elevation
of mind, might well appear superfluous. She is decidedly one of
and both in prose and poetry she takes the highest rank. Her
the most eminent female writers which England has produced;
prose style is easy and graceful, alike calculated to engage the most
common and the most elevated understanding."-C. D. CLEVELAND.
Of her songs, Charles James Fox is said to have been a
warm admirer.
double lustre on her intellectual endowments. Her principles were
"The moral qualities of this admirable woman reflected back a
pure and exalted, her sentiments on all occasions mild, candid,
and generous. . . . Her society was equally a benefit an 1 a de-
light to all within her sphere. She possessed many and warm
friends, and passed through a long life without an enemy.”—Lon.
Gent. Mag., 1825.
Barber. Book of Psalm Tunes, in four parts, 1687.
Barber, Capt. Military Treatises, 1804-05.
Barber, Ed. Treatise of Baptism, Lon., 1641.
Barber, Elizabeth G. See BARBER, JOHN W.
Barber, J. T. A Tour throughout South Wales and
Monmouthshire, &c., with a Map and 20 Views. This
work, although chiefly picturesque, describes the manners
of the people.
Barber, Jas. The Navy the Sole Defence of the
Nation; a Sermon on Ps. cvii. 23, 24, 1735.
Barber, John, of All Souls' College, Oxford, graduated
doctor of civil law in 1532. He resided with, and was
greatly esteemed by, Archbishop Cranmer. He contributed
to the compilation of The Necessary Doctrine and Erudi-
tion of a Christian Man.
Barber, John W., born 1798, at Windsor, Conn.
History and Antiquities of New Haven, 12mo, 1831. Re-
ligious Events from the Commencement of the Christian.
Era, 12mo, 1832. Connecticut Historical Collections, Svo,
1836; of this work several editions have been issued.
Massachusetts Historical Collections, 8vo, 1839. Incidents
in American History, 12mo, 1847. Elements of General
History, 16mo, 1844. Religious Emblems and Allegories,
12mo, 1848. European Historical Collections, 8vo, 1855.
In connection with H. Howe, New York Historical Collec-
tions, 8vo, 1841. New Jersey Historical Collections, 8vo,
1844. In connection with Elizabeth G. Barber, Historical,
Poetical, and Pictorial American Scenes, 12mo, 1850.
BAR
BAR
}
Barber, Joseph. Six Sermons on Regeneration,
1770. Sermon on the death of the Rev. N. Trottman,
Lon., 1793.
Barber, Mary, 1712?-1757, one of Dean Swift's lite-
rary friends, pub. a volume of Poems, 1734, 4to, under the
patronage of Lord Orrery and the Dean.
"They are moral, and not inelegant."
Barber, Wm. Farm Buildings and Rural Economy,
Lon., 1805, etc. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Barbier, J. The Famous Game of Chesse Play,
Lon., 1672.
"A treatise of no merit.”—LOWNDES.
Barbier, John. Liturgy, a most divine Service, in
Service, in
answer to a late pamphlet against it; also twelve Argu-
ments against Bishops are clearly answered, Oxf., 1663.
Barbon, Nicholas. A work on Coining, Lon., 1696.
Barbot, John. A Description of the Coasts of North
and South Guinea, and of Ethiopia Inferior, vulgarly called
Angola. See Churchill's Voyages, vol. v. p. 1.
Barbour, Barber, Barbere, or Barbar, John,
Archdeacon of Aberdeen, d. 1396, is one of the earliest
Scottish poets and historians. The date (1316-20-26-30?)
and place of his birth are involved in obscurity: both have
excited much controversy: (see the dissertations of Irving,
Pinkerton, Henry, Jamieson, Warton, Lord Hailes, &c.)
The only production of his extant may be entitled a na-
tional work: it is called The Bruce, and is a metrical
chronicle of the warlike deeds of Robert the First (1306-
1329) in his efforts for the independence of his beloved
country. Dr. Henry is of opinion that this work was un-
dertaken at the request of David II., the son and successor
of Barbour's hero; but of this we have no evidence. Bar-
bour appears to have composed another book, most probably
in rhyme, in which a genealogical history of the Kings of
Scotland was set forth, and their origin deduced from the
Trojan Colony of Brutus. To this work, apparently the
same which is quoted by the Prior of Lochleven, under
the title of the Brute, we find references in Winton's
Chronicle:
"Fra quham BARBERE Sutely
Has made a propyr Genealogy,
Tyl Robert oure secownd kyng,
That Scotland had in governyng.
"Of Bruttus lyneage quha wyll her,
He luk the tretis of BARBERE,
Mad in-tyl a Genealogy
Rycht wele, and mare perfytly
Than I can on ony wys
Wytht all my wyt to yowe dewys."
Winton's Chronykil of Scotland; quoted by Dr. Irving in Encyc.
Brit.: see this article.
Editions of The Bruce were pub. in 1616, 1648, 1655,
1670, 1671, 1672, 1737, 1758, &c., in all, it is said, 20 edi-
tions have been pub. in Scotland since 1616. In 1790 Mr.
Pinkerton pub, an edition in 3 vols.; and in 1820 Dr.
Jamieson pub. one in 2 vols., with a Life of the Author
prefixed. Warton notices Barbour and Henry the Minstrel
in these terms:
"Although this work is professedly confined to England, yet I
cannot pass over two Scotch poets of this period, who have adorned
the English language by a strain of versification, expression, and
poetical imagery far superior to their age; and who, consequently,
deserve to be mentioned in a general review of the progress of our
national poetry.”—History of English Poetry, vol. ii.
The historian had some claim to include Barbour in his
worthies, as his is one of the eminent names that adorn
the proud scroll of Oxford. In 1357 a safe-conduct was
granted by Edward III. of England, by request of David
II. of Scotland, to "John Barber, Archdeacon of Aber-
deen, with three scholars in his company, coming [into
England] in order to study in the University of Oxford,
and perform his scholastic exercises." We need not informi
the scholar conversant with literary history, that it is still
a mooted point what we are to understand by this phrase-
ology our own opinion is that the safe-conduct of 1357
can be easily interpreted by the aid of a similar document
of 1364, and the one which refers to France, dated 1368.
But we have no space for the discussion of "mooted points;"
therefore must hasten on.
"Barbour seems to have been acquainted with those finer springs
of the human heart which elude vulgar observation: he catches
the shades of character with a delicate eye, and sometimes pre-
sents us with instances of nice discrimination. His work is not
a mere narrative of events; it contains specimens of that minute
and skilful delineation which marks the hand of a poet."-Dr. Ir
ving's Lives of the Scottish Ports.
Mr. Pinkerton speaks of Barbour in no measured terms
of commendation:
as much as M. Le Grand does a fulliau to a Provençal ditty. Here
indeed the reader will find few of the graces of fine poetry, little
of the attic dress of the muse; but here are life and spirit, and
ease and plain sense, and pictures of real manners, and perpetual
incident and entertainment. The language is remarkably good
for the time, and far superior in neatness and elegance even to that
of Gawin Douglass, who wrote more than a century after.”—Pie-
fuce to Barbour.
With regard to the language of The Bruce, it is cer-
tainly "
very remarkable that Barbour, who was contem-
porary with Gower and Chaucer, is more intelligible to a
modern reader than either of these English poets."
"Our archdeacon was not only famous for his extensive krow.
ledge in the philosophy and divinity of those times, but still more
composed a history of the life and glorious actions of Robert Bruce...
admired for his admirable genius for English poetry: in which he
A work not only remarkable for a copious circumstantial detail of
the exploits of that illustrious prince, and his brave companions
in arms, Randolff, Earl of Moray, and the Lord James Douglass
but also for the beauty of its style, which is not inferior to that
of his contemporary, Chaucer."-Henry's History of Great Britain :
Muckenzie's Lixos.
Dr. Nott, also, speaks of the resemblance to Chaucer:
"He had given to his countrymen a fine example of the simple,
energeti: style, which resembled Chaucer's best manner, and
wanted little to make it the genuine language of poetry.”—Dies.
on the State of English Poetry, dc.
But Mr. Spalding does not set quite so high an estimate
on the Archdeacon's poetry:
land. its place would be very high: Chaucer being set aside as
"If we were to compare it with the contemporary poetry of Eng-
unapproachable. Barbour must be pronounced much superior to
Gower, and still more so to the anonymous writers of the very
best of the metrical romances.”—History of English Literature,
“Sir Walter Scott, whose · Lord of the Isles' owes much to • The
Bruce, and might profitably be compared with it. has not forgot-
ten one of the finest of those passages in which we are told how
the king, pursued by a superior force, ordered his band to turn
and face the enemy, rather than abandon to them a poor woman
who had been seized with illness.”—Bid.
See a letter from Sir Walter Scott to George Ellis, May
26, 1805:
“If you will turn to Barbour's Bruce. (Pinkerton's edition. p.
you will find that the Lord of Lorn, seeing Bruce covering the re
treat of his followers, compares him to Gow Mac Morn. (Macpher-
son's Gaul, the son of Morni.) This similitude appears to Barbour
a disparagement.”—Lockhart's Life of Scott.
.؟؟
Barbour, Oliver Lorenzo, born 1811 in Washing-
ton co., N. Y. 1. Equity Digest, embracing English, Irish,
and American Reports, 4 vols. Svo, 1836-41.
"
To the student and practitioner in Chancery this book will be
a valuable, and almost necessary, key to the multitudinous devi
sions in Chancery which are scattered throughout upwards of 200
vols. of American Reports."-Am. Jurist, vel. 17, p. 366.
|
2. Collyer on Partnership, edited with notes and refer-
ences to recent decisions, 1838. 3. Chitty on Bills, edited
with notes and references to recent decisions, 2d ed., 1841.
4. Criminal Law: A Treatise on Criminal Law, and on tl e
Jurisdiction, Duty, and Authority of Justices of the Peace,
and the Power and Duty of Sheriffs, Constables, &c. in
Criminal Cases, Svo, 2d ed., 1852.
We heartily recommend it to the profession, to magistrates, to
District Attorneys, and to all those who are desirous of becoming
familiar with Criminal Law."-10 Legal Observer, p. 224.
**
5. A Treatise on the Law of Set-off, 1841. 6. A Trea-
tise on the Practice of the Court of Chancery, 2 vols., 1843.
"The work of Mr. Barbour on Chancery Practice appears to the
entitled to high approbation for its completeness, accuracy, and
clear method."—JUDGE Story.
7. Reports of Cases decided in the Court of Chancery
of the State of New York, 3 vols., 1847-49.
"The Reports of Mr. Barbour, both in Law and Equity, sustain
a high rank in Legal Bibliography."-2 Law Reporter. N. S., 271.
"The precision and neatness which characterize these Rt
Se purre
tice which has been written in this country."-Pennsylvania Lus
are worthy the author of one of the best works on Chancery P. 10.
Journal.
S. Reports of Cases decided in the Supreme Court of
the State of New York, 18 vols., 1848–54.
"The selection of the cases appears most judicious: the prepara
tion of the points, or head-notes, to each case, exhibits a combina-
tion of care and skill; and the same may be said of the index,
which is so full and complete, that a reference to any of the points
decided is
decided is a matter of easy attainment.”—Code Keporter, Aug., 1849.
The way in which these cases have been reported by Mr. Bar-
bour reflects great credit upon him.”—S Legal Observer, p. 240.
Barbour, Robt. An Essay on Weaving, Glasg., 1759.
Barbut, Jas. Genera Insectorum of Linnæus, Lon.,
1781.
"Indispensable to the student in Linnæan Entomology."-
IIAWORTH.
Genera Vermium, Lon., 1783-88.
Barchnam or Barkham, John, 1572-1642, a di-
vine and antiquary, admitted of Exeter College, Oxf., 1587,
"Was a person very skilful in divers tongues, a curious critic, a
noted antiquary, especially in the knowledge of coins, an exact His
"Perhaps the editor may be accused of nationality, when he
says, that, taking the total merits of this work together, he prefers
It to the early exertions of even the Italian muse, to the melan-torian, Herald, and, as 'tis said. an able Theologist.”—Athon. Ozum,
choly sublimity of Dante, and the amorous quaintness of Petrarca,
He wrote the Lives of Kings Henry II. and Jobu, is
115
BAR
BAR
|
Speed's History of England; and was author of a Pre-
face to Crakanthorpe's Defensio Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ, Lon.,
1625. But the most remarkable fact in his literary history
is his authorship of The Display of Heraldry, Lon., 1610,
bearing the name of John Guillim. Anthony Wood, after
remarking that this book was "much used by Novices,
and the best in that kind that ever before was published,"
proceeds-
1
"This book being mostly composed in his younger years, he
deemed it too light a subject for him to own, being then (when
published) a grave Divine, Chapl. to an Archbishop, and not un-
likely a Dean. Whereupon, being well acquainted with John Guil-
lim, an Officer of Arms, he gave him the copy, who, adding some
tivial things to it, published it, with leave from the author, un-
der his own name, and it goeth to this day under the name of
Gaillim's Heraldry. He also wrote a book concerning coins in MS.,
but where it is now I know not. Sure I am that he had the best
Collection of Coins of any Clergyman in England, which being
given by him to Dr. Laud, Archb. of Cant., (who much desired
them.) they came soon after, by his gift, to Bodley's Library, and
are at this day reposed in the Gallery adjoining.”—Athen. Oxon. .
Fuller also refers to his coin-collecting propensity:
"He was a greater lover of coins than of money; rather curious
in the stamps than covetous for the metal thereof."— Worthies.
Barckley, Sir Richard. Discourse of the Felicitie
of Man, or his Summum Bonum, Lon., 1598; reprinted
K
1603, 1631.
"A garner filled with the most amusing and best histories and
little narrations, told in the author's own words, and occasionally
enlarged, but in perfect keeping and consistency. . . . It purports
to be an ethical treatise on human happiness, consisting of six
books. In the first, the author offers to prove, and by example to
show, that felicity consists not in pleasure:-in the second, not
in riches;—in the third, not in honour and glory;—in the fourth,
not in moral virtue, after the academicks and peripateticks, nor in
philosophical contemplation:-in the fifth, he declares his own
opinion of the happiness of this life:-and in the sixth, he shows
wherein consists the true felicity and Summum Bonum of man,
and the way to attain it.”—Retrospective Review, vol. i. 271. Read
this interesting article, which contains extracts.
The good knight, after considering the disappointment
to which those are subjected who are still anxiously in-
quiring "who will show us any good?"-comes to a con-
clusion which we trust each one of our readers will endorse.
To worship and glorifie God in this life, that we may be joined
to him in the world to come. is our beatitude, or Summum Bonum.”
Barclay, Barcley, Barklay, or de Barklay,
Alexander, d. 1552, at an advanced age, is supposed by
Wood to have been a native of Somersetshire, or its vici-
nity; Warton assigns him to Gloucestershire, or Devon-
shire; Bale and Pits are of opinion that he was from north
of the Tweed, and Dr. Bulleyn declares he was a Scotch-
man. In 1495 we find him of Oriel College, Oxford. He
was first a priest of the college of St. Mary Ottery, in De-
vonshire; secondly, of the order of St. Benedict; thirdly, of
the order of St. Francis. After the dissolution of the monas-
tery of Ely, he became vicar of Wokey, in Somersetshire, was
afterwards translated to Baddow Magna in Essex; and last-
ly was presented to the vicarage of All Saints, Lombard
Street, on April 30, 1552; a few weeks after which, he died.
The principal work in which Barclay was concerned is
one the very mention of which excites the enthusiasm of the
true Bibliomaniac. It is entitled THE SHYP OF FOLYS OF
THE WORLDE, and was printed by Pynson, in 1509. It
is founded upon the original work of this name, of Sebas-
tian Brandt-a German satire upon the follies of all ranks
-and upon the French and Latin translation thereof.
Barclay's poem is in the balade, or octave, stanza: we give
an extract which is as severe a satire on the ignorant book-
collector as the invective of Lucian, or the humour of
La Bruyère:
The First Fool in the Ship is the Ignorant Bookworm:
(lcquitur:)
"Lo in likewise of Bookes I have store,
But few I reade. and fewer understande;
I folowe not their doctrine. nor their lore,
It is enough to bear a booke in hande:
It were too much to be in such a lande,
For to be bounde to loke within the booke:
I am content on the fayre coveryng to looke.
"Still am I busy bookes assembling,
For to have plentie it is a pleasaunt thing,
In my conceyt to have them ay in hand;
But what they meane do I not understande.
"But yet I have them in great reverence
And honour, saving them from filth and ordure;
By often brushing and much diligence:
Full goodly bounde in pleasaunt coverture
Of dames, sattin, orels of velvet pure:
I keepe them sure fearing lest they should be lost,
For in them is the cunning wherein I me boast.
"But if it fortune that any learned man
Within my house fall to disputation,
I drawe the curtaynes to shewe my bokes then,
That they of my cunning should make probation:
I love not to fili in alterication:
And while the common, my bookes I turne and winde,
For all is in them, and nothing in my minde."-Warton's
clay's writings.
History of Eng, Poetry; which see for a copious account of Bar
There are few books more interesting to the collector, than
editions of the SuXP of FOLYS, of which Pynson's has the dis-
tinguished honour of being the parent impression in our own
country."
Vido Dibdin's edition of Ames, vol. ii. p. 431, where will
be found a particular description of this rare volume, with
specimens of the curious engravings on wood.
"All ancient satirical writings, even those of an inferior cast,
have their merit, and deserve attention, as they transmit pictures
of familiar manners, and preserve popular customs. In this light,
at least. Barclay's Ship of Fools, which is a general satire on the
times, will be found entertaining. Nor must it be denied, that his
language is more cultivated than that of many of his contempora
ries, and that he contributed his share to the improvement of the
English phraseology. His author. Sebastian Brandt, appears to
have been a man of universal erudition, and his work, for the
most part, is a tissue of citations from the ancient poets and his
torians."-WARTON.
Barclay's abilities gained him great distinction, even in
his life-time:
+
He was admired for his wit and eloquence, and for a fluency
of style not common in that age. This recommended him to many
the English tongue, and left behind him many testimonies of his
noble patrons. . . . That he was a polite writer, a great refiner of
wit and learning, cannot be denied."
Bale treats his memory with great indignity, but Pits
assures us that he was devoted to the promotion of religion
and to personal improvement. THE SHYP OF FOLYS, espe-
A copy
cially Pynson's edition, 1509, is a very rare work.
in the Bibl. Anglo-Poet. is priced £105; Cawood's edition,
1570, £12 12s. De Worde printed an edition in 1517,
translated by H. Watson into prose.
A Ryght fruteful treatyse intituled the Myrrour of good
Maners. This is sine anno; printed by Pynson. It is a
translation of a poem by Mancini, entitled De Quatuor,
Virtutibus. Ilis Egloges were printed by Pynson, sino
anno.
"Our author's Egloges, I believe. are the first that appeared in
the English language. They are, like Petrarch's and Mantuan's,
of the moral and satinical kind, and contain but few touches of
rural description and bucolic imagery."-WARTON.
For further notices of Barclay's works, see Dibdin's
Ames's; Ellis's Specimens; Warton's History of English
Poetry, &c.
Barclay, David. Emancipation in Jamaica, 1801.
Barclay, Geo. Vindic. of the Bp. of Edin., 1712.
This treatise contains the statutes and abstracts of the de-
Barclay, H. The Law of the Road, Glasg., 1836.
cisions of the courts in Scotland and England, relative to
highways.
We can safely recommend this volume as displaying a com
bination of much accuracy and research, with a thorough know.
ledge of the subject.”—2 Edin. Law Journal, 523.
A Treatise on the Law and Practice in Applications
against Debtors, as in meditatione fugce, Edin., 1832.
6:
This small and unpretending work will be found of great uti
lity. It contains all that is materially important on the subject,
creditors, by whom it may not be consulted with profit and ad-
and there is no class of persons, whether magistrates, agents, or
vantage." Vide 2 Edin. Law Journal, 266,
**
Barclay, Henry, D.D., d. 1765, an Episcopal cler-
gyman in New York, graduated at Yale College in 1734;
he was ordained in England, and appointed missionary to
the Mohawk Indians. Subsequently he was Rector of
Trinity Church, New York, which office he held until his
death. In conjunction with Rev. W. Andrews and J.
Ogilvie, he superintended the translation of the Liturgy
into the Mohawk language. This translation was printed
in 1769.
Barclay, Jas. Educational works, Edin., 1743–58.
Barclay, Jas. Sermons. 1763-1777. A Complete and
Universal English Dictionary, 1774.
Barclay, John, 1582-1621, son of William Barclay
of Aberdeenshire, was born at Pont-à-Mousson. He was
educated at the college of the Jesuits of his native place,
and made such progress in his studies, that at the age of
nineteen he is said to have published notes on the Thebais
of Statius. He makes no secret of his thirst for distinction:
"I had no sooner left school than the juvenile desire of fame in-
cited me to attack the whole world. rather with a view of promot
ing my own reputation, than of dishonouring individuals.”—Pre-
fuce to the Apology for Euphormion.
In 1605 he visited England, where he remained about a
year. Subsequently he resided there for several years.
Upon the death of his father, in 1606, he went to Paris,
where he married Louisa Debonnaire. His latter years
were spent in Rome, amidst his books and flowers, dis-
playing more wisdom in the Bibliomania than in the
Tulip-mania, of which last discase he is supposed to have
been one of the first victims. In his Euphormion he had
116
BAR
BAR
pronounced the plant "Golden Rod" to be a specific for
the stone, yet of this painful complaint he died in 1621.
In 1604 he pub. the first part of his Latin satire, Eu-
phormion; the second part was pub. at Paris, and a com-
plete edition at Amsterdam in 1629. This satire made so
This satire made so
many enemies, that in 1610 he pub. his Apology for Eu-
phormion. (See extract from the preface above.)
His account of the Gunpowder Plot (Barclay was always-COLERIDGE.
a zealous son of the Church of Rome) was pub. in 1806.
For some verses referring to his poverty whilst in Eng-
land, see Delit. Poet. Scot., i. 93-100. In 1611 he pub. his
father's work, De Potestate Papæ, a curious production
for an adherent of the Church of Rome; as it lays down
the positions, 1. That the pope has no power direct or in-
direct over sovereigns in temporals. 2. That they who
allow him any such power, whatever they may intend, do
vory great prejudice to the Roman, Catholic religion.
This work was attacked by Cardinal Bellarmin, to whom
Barclay responded in his J. Barclay Pietas, &c., Paris,
1612. He afterwards repented having written this work,
as it displeased many of his own faith, and gratified those
whom he esteemed heretics. As some reparation, it is sup-
posed, he pub. in 1617 Parænensis ad Sectarios.
His Icon Animarum was pub. in 1614. It is a
tion of the genius and customs of the European nations,
with remarks of a moral and philosophical cast on the pe-
culiarities of mankind. In style it has been compared to
Goldsmith's Traveller. Barclay's principal work, the Ar-
genis, or the Loves of Poliarchus and Argenis, was first
pub. in Paris in 1621, by means of the friendship of the
celebrated antiquary, M. de Peiresc. The first English
translation was pub. by Kingsmill Long, gent., in 1625.
4to. Of this there was a second edition, "beautified with
pictures, together with a key præfixed to unlock the whole
story," in 1636. There was also a translation in 1628 by
Sir Robert Le Grys, "the verses by Thomas May," (the
continuator of Lucan ;) this version is said to have been
undertaken at the request of Charles I. In 1772 Clara
Reeve pub. a translation under the title of The Phoenix,
or the History of Polyarchus and Argenis. There are
three French translations of The Argenis, 1624, 1732, 1736;
and it was also rendered into the Italian, Spanish, and
Dutch. The Argenis is a political allegory, a romance,
and a system of politics:
"In it the various forms of government are investigated, the
causes of faction detected, and the remedies pointed out for most
of the evils that can arise in a state. . . . It affords such a variety
of entertainment, that every kind of reader may find in it some-
thing suitable to his own taste and disposition: the statesman,
the philosopher, the soldier, the lover, the citizen, the friend of
mankind, each may gratify his favourite propensity, while the
reader who comes for his amusement only, will not go away dis-
appointed."-Prefuce to Clara Keeve's Translation.
The characters in the Argenis are intended to represent
various distinguished personages in history and real life.
Poliarchus is meant for Henry of Navarre; Aquilius is the
Emperor of Germany; Calvin is Usinulea; Radirobanes
is the King of Spain, and Hyanisbe is thought to resemble
in some traits Elizabeth of England. Richelieu was very
fond of perusing this work, and it is thought from thence
he drew many of his political maxims. Cowper pro-
nounced it the most amusing romance ever written:
Barclay, John, 1734–1798, the founder of a religious
sect in Scotland known as Bereans or Barclayans, pub.
an edition of his works (theological) in 3 volumes.
Barclay, John, M.D., 1760-1826, b. in Perthshire.
Professional Works, Edin., 1803-12.
Barclay, J.T., M.D., b. 1807, at Hanover C.H., Va.,
for three years and a half a missionary to Jerusalem. The
City of the Great King; or, Jerusalem as it was, as it is,
delinea-and is to be.
and is to be. Illustrated from photographs and original
drawings, Phila.. 1857, 8vo. A reliable work, highly com-
mended. In 1858, he returned to Jerusalem with his
family to reside permanently.
"It is interesting in a high degree; richer in incident than can
be imagined, full of surprises, which the reader never forestalls,
and yet free from all entanglement and confusion. The style, too,
appears to me to be such as would not dishonour Tacitus him-
self."-Cowper's Letter to Saml. Rose, Esq.
|
As to the style to which Cowper thus refers, Coleridge
prefers it to that of Livy or Tacitus: (Remains, vol. i.,)
but Mr. Hallam remarks upon this:
"I cannot by any means go this length; it has struck me that
the Latinity is more that of Petronius Arbiter, but I am not well
enough acquainted with that writer to speak confidently. The
same observation seems applicable to the Euphormio."-Introduc.
to Lit. of Europe,
We may be permitted to remind classical critics of the
recorded opinion of Grotius :
"Gente Caledonius, Gallus natalibus hic est,
Romam Romano qui docet ore loqui.”
alternative given but the perusal of the similar works in Spanish
or French."-Introduc. to Lit. of Europe.
"A Scot by blood.-and French by birth.-this man
At Rome speaks Latin as no Roman can."
Mr. Hallam well remarks that
(6
Barclay has mingled so much of mere fiction with his story,
that no attempts at a regular key to the whole work can be suc-
cessful, nor in fact does the fable of this romance run in any paral-
lel stream with real events. His object seems in great measure to
have been the discussion of political questions in feigned dialogue.
But though in these we find no want of acuteness or good sense,
they have not at present much novelty in our eyes; and though
the style is really pleasing, or, as some have judged, excellent, and
the incidents not ill-contrived, it might be hard to go entirely
through a Latin romance of 700 pages, unless indeed we had no
The correctness of the opinion of this intelligent author
is evinced by the general neglect into which this once
popular allegory has now fallen.
"It absolutely distresses me, when I reflect that this work, ad-
mired as it has been by great men of all ages, (and lately by the
poet Cowper,) should be only not unknown to the general reader."
Barclay, John. Grammatica Latina, R. Pynson, 1516.
Barclay, John. Descrip. of the R. Catholic, 1689.
Barclay, John, M.D., was author of Nepenthes seu
de Nicotiana Herba Viribus, Edin., 1614. He praises To-
bacco as this happie and holie herbe," and strongly ad-
vocates its use, King James and the Pope to the contrary
notwithstanding.
Barclay, Patrick. The Universal Traveller, 1735.
Barclay, Patrick. A Letter to the People of Scot-
land, in order to remove their prejudice to The Book of
Common Prayer, with an Appendix, wherein are answered
The Objections against the Liturgy, in two late Pamphlets,
called Dialogues between a Curate and a Countryman,
Lon., 1713.
(6
Barclay, Robert, 1648-1690, the celebrated apolo-
gist for the doctrines and principles of the Society of
Friends," sometimes called " 'Quakers," was born at
Gordonstoun, in Morayshire, December 23d.
He was a
descendant of a very "ancient and honourable family in
Scotland, by his father's side, who was Colonel David Bar-
clay, of Mathers, a man universally esteemed and beloved,
and by his mother, Mrs. Catherine Gordon, daughter of
Sir W. Gordon, from the noble house of Huntley: so that
if his principles had not led him to slight the advantages
of birth, few gentlemen could in that particular have gone
beyond him." His father, who had held a commission in
the Swedish army in Germany, where he rose to the rank
of Major, and had also commanded in the Royalist army
under Charles I., embraced Quakerism whilst confined in
prison from political persecutions, in the year 1666.
Robert was sent to Paris at an early age, to complete
his education, and placed under the care of his uncle,
principal of the Scots' College. This relative was a zeal-
ous Roman Catholic, and Robert was naturally disposed
to embrace a religion so favourably commended to his re-
gard. His uncle was so anxious to retain him in Paris,
where he could both enjoy his society, and preserve him
offered to present him with a considerable fortune at once,
from the baneful influence of heretical doctrines, that he
and leave the balance of his property to him on his de-
mise. It is not unlikely that Robert would have con-
sented to these conditions, bad not a summons from his
father, who dreaded his becoming a convert to the Roman
Church, recalled him home. With that regard to striet
principle which was always a characteristic of Robert
Barclay, he was not disobedient to the paternal command,
but at once resigned the flattering prospects which had
been held out to him, and returned to Scotland in 1664.
So great had been his application to his studies, that, al-
though scarcely sixteen years of age, he posse sed cousi-
derable knowledge of the sciences, and was skilled in the
French and Latin tongues; the latter he wrote and spoke
with facility and correctness; subsequently he attained
Greek and Hebrew.
Many authors have told us that Colonel Barclay had
become a convert to Quakerism (we use the term for con.
venience, and, of course, without any disrespect) before
the return of Robert from France: but we have the testi.
mony of Robert himself that his father did not join this
sect until 1666. This date approaches so closely to that
of the first promulgation of the doctrines of Quakerism,
that a brief notice of the history of the society in Scot-
land for the first twenty years of its existence, may not bo
out of place.
GEORGE,) became a public preacher of his religious tenets
George Fox, born in 1624, (see Fox,
about the year of Robert Barclay's birth--1648. In 1657
he visited Scotland, and preached with such success, that
117
BAR
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arge numbers, especially in the north, about Aberdeen
and Elgin, became converts to the doctrines which he
proclaimed. One of the most distinguished disciples was
the celebrated John Swinton of Swinton, one of the most
learned and accomplished men of his time, and so much
in favour with Oliver Cromwell that it was notorious that
the Protector "trusted him more than anybody, and al-
most every thing in Scotland was done by his advice."
At the Restoration, Swinton and Barclay were imprisoned
by the government, and by "long and frequent conversa-
tions" the latter was convinced by the former of the excel-
lency of the doctrines preached by George Fox.
without success.
Colonel Barclay sought to impress the truth of his new
opinions upon the mind of Robert, but for some time
He did not, however, refuse to place
himself in the way of conviction, and, whilst attending a
religious meeting of the society, he was so deeply im-
pressed by a discourse of one of their ministers, that he
felt it his duty to unite with the body. He became a most
zealous propagator of his new tenets; and laboured with
great success in England, and on the Continent, especially
in Holland. He travelled with William Penn through
the principal parts of England, Holland, and Germany;
He was "everywhere received with respect, and dismissed
with concern; for though his conversation as well as his
manners were strictly suitable to his doctrine, yet there
was such a spirit and liveliness in his discourse, and such
a serenity and cheerfulness in his deportment, as rendered
him extremely agreeable to all sorts of people."
Robert Barclay was no common character, either as re-
spects natural capacity, extensive learning, indomitable
energy, or persevering zeal. At an age when many young
men are triflers of fashion, or slaves to vice, this noble
youth girded up his loins, and went forth into the world
to battle with sin, and promote the glory of God through
the salvation of man. Born to prosperous fortunes, and
of an illustrious line, the heir of the De Berkleys was
willing, for the sake of truth and righteousness, to "eat
his bread with scarceness," and to exchange the society of
the great, and the lordly halls of nobles, for the "tender
mercies" of a brutal jailer, the companionship of felons,
and the untold horrors of the convict's cell. We can ima-
gine few more affecting pictures than that which disgraced
the year 1677, and the town of Aberdeen, when the aged
Colonel Barclay, his son Robert, and a number of other
Quakers, were cast into jail for the second time in a twelve-
month. His father, who, to borrow the words of Croese,
"was venerable in his appearance, just in all his actions,
who had shewed his courage in the wars of Germany, and
his fortitude in bearing all the hard usage he met with in
Scotland with cheerfulness, as well as patience"—this
good old man, now well stricken in years, but strong in
conscious integrity, and supported by a noble zeal, was
ready to go with his beloved child to prison and to death,
rather than to deny his faith, or to hold his peace when
he believed that his God bade him to "lift up his voice,
and show the people their sins." Our worthy ancestors
had what they esteemed a sovereign remedy for heresy.
When any inquirer after truth was so hardy as to doubt
their infallibility, they forthwith put him into the stocks,
or immured him in the next jail, fed him with bread and
water, and cropped off his ears, and, if he still continued
obstinate, perhaps hung him at Tyburn, or burnt him at
Smithfield. Who can doubt that such substantial evi-
dences of the true Christian spirit of love, charity, and
goodwill, were admirably calculated to convince all here-
ties of the evil of their own ways, and the orthodoxy of
those who were so solicitous for their spiritual welfare?
Robert Barclay had not long been united to the society of
"Friends," when he commenced that powerful use of his
pen on behalf of their doctrines, by which his name has
been widely known to all succeeding generations.
His first work appeared in 1670:
"Truth cleared of Calumnies, wherein a book entitled, A Dia-
logue between a Quaker and a stable Christian, (printed at Aber-
deen, and, upon good ground. judged to be writ by William Mitchell,
a preacher near by to it, or, at least, that he had the chief hand in
it,) is examined, and the Dis-ingenuity of the author in represent-
ing the Quakers is discovered; here is also their case truly stated,
cleared, demonstrated, and the Objections of their Opposers an-
swered according to Truth, Scripture, and Right Reason,”
Barclay reviews the objections which had oeen orged
against the doctrines of the Quakers.
..
The business of this book is to shew they had been extrava-
gantly abused by their adversaries, who sometimes would have
them pass for people distracted, and, at other times, for men pos
sessed of the devil, and practising abominations under pretence
of being led to them by the Spirit; as denying the existence of
Christ, the reality of a heaven and a hell, the being of angels, the
resurrection of the body, and the day of judgment.
He shews
upon what slight pretence these notions were taken up, how con-
sistent all the doctrines of the Quakers were with the gospel in
respect to these points, and how unjust the persecution they had
sustained for maintaining what the apostles maintained, the light
of CHRIST JESUS shining in the mind of man.”—Biog. Brit.
Some Things of Weighty Concernment, &c. This second
treatise was an appendix to the first; in this he proposos
twenty questions relating to those who had distinguished
themselves in representing the Quakers in ridiculous lights,
"When if that kind of language had been allowed among this
sort of people, they might themselves have been rendered far more
ridiculous. These writings made Mr. W. Mitchell so uneasy, and
rendered it so apparent that either he was in the wrong, or wanted
abilities necessary to prove himself in the right, that he immedi
ately had recourse again to the press, in order to return an answer
to Robert Barclay, which produced our author's third book upon
patient writer."
this subject, in which he effectually silenced that angry and im
The preface to the third treatise-W. Mitchell unmask-
ed, or the staggering infallibility of the pretended stable
Christian discovered, &c.-is dated from Úry, our author's
residence, December 24, 1671. In 1675 he published a
work intended to explain and defend the doctrines and
principles of the Quakers. This work is entitled
"A Catechism and Confession of Faith, approved of and agreed
unto by the General Assembly of the Patriarchs, Prophets, and
Apostles, Christ himself chief Speaker in and among them, which
containeth a true and faithful Account of the Principles and Doc-
trines which are most surely believed by the Churches of Christ
in Great Britain and Ireland, who are reproachfully called by the
name of QUAKERS, yet are found in one Faith with the Primitive
Church and Saints, as is most clearly demonstrated by some plain
Scripture Testimonies, (without Consequences or Commentaries,)
which are here collected and inserted by way of Answer to a few
weighty, yet easy and familiar, Questions, fitted as well for the
wisest and largest, as for the weakest and lowest. Capacities. To
which is added an Expostulation with an Appeal to all other Pro
fessors, by R. B., a Servant of the Church of Christ."
Our author seems to have determined that those who
would not pursue their investigations further than his title-
pages, should not even then escape wholesome instruction.
The preface to this work is dated Urie, 1673. The author
endeavours to prove that Quakerism is the perfection of
Protestantism: that there is properly no middle ground
between the doctrines he espouses, and those of the Church
of Rome.
The Anarchy of the Ranters, &c., which has been praised
as "a learned and excellent treatise, containing as much
sound reason as any book of its size, in our, or perhaps in
any modern, language," was published in 1676. Its ob-
ject was to prove that the Quakers were not justly liable
to the objections urged against the fanaticism of the Rant-
ers. This work met with so much censure, that in 1679 he
pub. a Vindication of it. He also gave to the world A
True and Faithful Account of some of his disputes with
some of the students of the University of Aberdeen; and
in 1686 he pub. The Possibility and Necessity of the In-
ward and Immediate Revelation of the Spirit of God,
towards the foundation and ground of true Faith, proved
in a Letter written in Latin to a person of Quality in
Holland, and now also put into English.
.
Like Bunyan, Sir Richard Baker, Boethius, Grotius,
Buchanan, and many other good men, he made even the
employment of his prison hours useful to his fellow-men.
It was whilst in the jail of Aberdeen that he composed
that "noble description of Christian Beneficence," Uni-
versal Love considered and established upon its right
Foundation, being a serious Enquiry how far Charity may,
and ought to extend towards Persons of different Judg-
ments in matters of Religion, and whose Principles among
the several Sects of Christians, do most naturally lead to
that due Moderation required, writ in the Spirit of Love
and Meekness for the removing of Stumbling-Blocks out
of the Way of the Simple, by a Lover of the Souls of all
Men, R. B. This work was written and pub. in 1677.
The author divides his subject into five sections.
1st. He gives his own experience, and his reasons for
writing this treatise.
2d. The nature of Christian Love and Charity is de-
monstrated.
This hydra-headed treatise might well have alarmed
the imprudent William Mitchell, who had little idea when
preparing his Dialogue what sore punishment he was
drawing down upon his own head. To use the significant
phraseology of the author to the Preface of Barclay's
works, (Lon., 1692,) this answer showed Barclay "to be 4th. An examination of the principles held by many call-
much an overmatch for his antagonist." In this worked Christians, and those principles proved to be defective:
3d. The controversy is stated with respect to the different
religious bodies, &c.
118
BAR
BAR
+
5th. Some "principles of Christianity are proposed, as
they are held by a great body of people, and some gath-
ered churches in Great Britain and Ireland which do very
well agree with true Universal Love."
Having thus noticed the other works of Robert Barclay,
we are prepared to consider that by which he will always
be best known, viz:
"An Apology for the true Christian Divinity, as the same is held
forth and preached by the People called in Scorn, Quakers; being
a full Explanation and Vindication of their Principles and Doc-
trines, by many Arguments deduced from Scripture and Right
Reason, and the Testimonies of famous Authors, both Ancient
and Modern, with a full Answer to the strongest Objections usu-
ally made against them: Presented to the King. Written and
published in London, for the Information of Strangers, by ROBERT
BARCLAY, and now put into our Language for the Benefit of his
Countrymen," London, 1678.
|
ton, 1771, &c.
As we have nothing to do in this place with the theo-
logical opinions of Barclay, or of his antagonists, we dis-
charge our duty by enabling the reader to possess himself
of the expositions of the views of both sides of the con-
troversy.
Of the literary character of a theological, as of any other,
work, it does become us to speak; and here we are very
safe in assigning a distinguished place among the produc-
tions of the human mind to Barclay's Apology for the true
Christian Divinity. Language of uncommon purity is made
the powerful instrument of reasoning embellished with wit,
and persuasion fortified by argument. To the merits of
Barclay as a writer, we have, besides many others, the at-
testations of the learned Gerard Croese, Norris of Bemer-
ton, Jeremiah Jones, Bennet, Trenchard, and Voltaire.
The latter observes in his Letters on the English Nation,
that the Apology is "as well executed as the subject would
possibly admit." Norris of Bemerton, a very famous man
in his day, remarks—
"I take him to be so great a man, that I profess freely, I had
rather engage against an hundred Bellarmines, Hardings, and
Stapletons, than with one Barclay.”—Second Treatise of the Light |
within.
"Barclay was a man of extraordinary abilities, and his work af
tenets of the Quakers, but also on other subjects. His method and
fords considerable information, not only concerning the peculiar
style are far superior to most of his contemporaries."
We could multiply testimonies, but this is needless.
As regards Barclay's personal character, his energy was
evinced by his laborious and self-denying pilgrimages and
ministrations; his benevolence by his burning zeal for the
souls of his fellow-men; his patience and humility by the
uncomplaining submission with which he "bore the loss
of all things" for the advancement of what he deemed to
be the truth.
The Address to Charles II. has been admired for clear-
ness and vigour of style, and faithful boldness of exhorta-
tion. Was there ever a greater contrast than between the
subject and the king? the selfish, dissolute, effeminate
monarch, and the noble-hearted, self-sacrificing preacher of
Universal Love? The Theses Theologica, which were the
ground-work of the Apology, had been previously published
and sent abroad in Latin, French, High and Low Dutch,
and English, addressed to the Clergy of what sort soever,
"And that his candour. impartiality, and sincere love of truth,
might be still more manifest. he sent them to the Doctors, Pro-
fessors, and Students in Divinity, both Popish and Protestant, in
every country throughout Europe, desiring they would seriously
examine them, and send him their answers. As soon as the Apo-
logy was finished, he sent two copies of it to each of the public
ministers, then at the famous Congress of Nimeguen, where it was
received with all imaginable favour and respect, and the know-
ledge, charity, and disinterested probity of its author justly ap
plauded."
The Latin version, Theologica vere Christianæ Apolo-
gia, was pub. at Amsterdam in 1676; the English transla-
tion, as we have seen above, in 1678. Other English edi-
tions were published in 1701-36, a beautiful edition by
Baskerville in 1765, another edition in 1780, and many
since; besides Abridgments in Svo. and 12mo. &c. Ant.
de Alvarado translated it into Spanish in 1710; and trans-
lations have appeared in most of the European languages.
The author pub. a Vindication of his work in 1679; in-
cited thereto by an attack in Latin by John Brown upon
the Latin version of the Apology. The Vindication was
esteemed by William Penn, and many others, to be equal
in every respect to the Apology.
Our author's doctrines, as contained in the Theses, and
more largely expounded in the Apologia, were attacked
by other writers also, viz.: Nicholas Arnoldus, Professor
in the University of Franequer; John George Bajerus,
Professor of Divinity at Jena, (who was answered by
Geo. Keith, then a stout supporter of Quaker doctrines)
Christopher Holthusius, a famous preacher at Franck-
fort; George Keith, (the quondam advocate of the Apology.)
in the Standard of the Quakers Examined, Lon., 1702;
Ant. Keiser of Hamburg; Thomas Bennet, in a Confu-
tation of Quakerism, 1705; Mr. Trenchard; Thos. Chubb,
1721; Wm. Noteutt, 1738; Daniel Gittius, 1758; S. New-prietor, with a power of bestowing five thousand acres more, as he
To induce him to accept of the office, he was made a joint pro-
should think fit. Upon account of his peculiar merit, the govern-
ment was to be held for life, though no other Governor was to be
continued longer than three years. He had. likewise, a power of
appointing a Deputy Governor, which he accordingly did."
Towards the close of his life, Robert Barclay was in
great favour at court; and had James II. been wise enough
to profit by his advice in 1688, and make timely conces-
sions to an outraged people, it is possible that the question
of the "Succession" would never have tested the wisdom
of the English parliament.
In 1682 Barclay was elected Governor of East Jersey
by the proprietors.
Robert never came to America, but his brother John
settled there, and his brother David, a youth of great pro-
mise, who had gone out with the same intention, died upon
the voyage. "His brother John died at Amboy, in 1731,
troller of the customs in Philadelphia, and died in 1771.”
leaving two sons. His grandson. Alexander, was comp-
A Scottish poet, writing of the two famous Barclays, Wil-
liam and John, concludes with these verses upon Robert:
William Sewell speaks of him as
"A man of eminent gifts and great endowments, expert not only
In the languages of the learned, but also well versed in the writ-
ings of the ancient Fathers, and other ecclesiastical writers, and
furnished with a great understanding, being not only of a sound
judgment, but also strong in arguments."-Hist. of the Quakers.
Dr. Williams remarks:
"We sometimes travelled together." savs his faithful friend and
fellow-sufferer, William Penn, "both in this kingdom and in Hol-
land, and soine parts of Germany, and were inward in diverse ser-
vices from first to last; and the apprehension I had of him was
this, he loved the truth and way of God, as revealed among us,
above all the world, and was not ashamed of it before men, but
bold and able in maintaining it, sound in judgment, strong in
argument, cheerful in travels and sufferings, of a pleasant dispo
sition, yet solid, plain, and exemplary in his conversation. Hẹ
was a learned man and a good Christian, an able Minister, a duti-
ful son, and a loving husband, a tender and careful father, an
easy master, and a good and kind neighbour and friend."
With such a character we need not be surprised that
it was his
"Peculiar felicity to gain so entire a conquest over envy as to
pass through life (and which is so much the more wonderful, such
a life as his was) with almost universal applause, and without the
least imputation on his integrity. The great business of his life
was doing good, promoting what he thought to be the knowledge
of God, and consequently the happiness of man.”
For further information concerning this truly eminent,
and far higher commendation-truly excellent man, see
the Biographia Britannica, to which this article is largely
indebted; Sewell's History of the Quakers, Mosheim's Ec-
clesiastical History, Genealogical Account of the Barclays
of Urie, &c.
•
Who would not have supposed that this touching ap-
peal to the second Charles would have influenced even his
selfish and vice-enslaved heart?
"Thou hast tasted of prosperity and adversity; thou knowest
what it is to be banished thy native country, to be overruled, as
well as to rule and sit upon the throne: and being oppressed, thou
hast reason to know how hateful the oppressor is both to God and
man."—Preface to the Apology.
Truly little cause had the poor Quaker in his prison to
envy the ungodly monarch on his throne! Deeply grieved
to witness the bold licentiousness which prevailed among
the scoffing courtiers and their graceless king, he might
well adopt the prayer, "O my soul, come not thou into
their secret; into their assembly, mine honour, be not
thou united!"
"But lo! a third appears with serious air;
His Prince's darling, and his country's care.
See his religion, which so late before
-
Was like a jumbled mass of dross and ore,
Refined by him, and burnish'd o'er with art,
Awakes the spirit, and attracts the heart.”
After a life marked with such activity and suffering for
conscience' sake, this good man was permitted to spend the
last few years of his life in peace. He died October 3,
1690, at his mansion at Ury, in Kincardineshire, Scot
land.
land. The estate of Ury had been purchased by Colonel
David Barclay in the year of Robert's birth, (1648.) The
Colonel was obliged to part with two estates, which had
been in his family, one, three hundred, and the other, fivo
hundred years. About 1679 Robert obtained a charter,
under the Great Seal, from King Charles the Second, erect-
ing his lands of Ury into "a free Barony, with a civil and
criminal jurisdiction to him and his heirs forever." This
charter was ratified by Act of Parliament temp. James the
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BAR
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Seventh of Scotland, and Second of England, "for the
many faithful services done by Colonel David Barclay,
and his son, the said Robert Barclay, to the King, and bis
most royal progenitors in times past." This barony, with
all similar jurisdictions, was extinguished by the changes
effected in the government of Scotland temp. George II.
Robert Barclay left seven children, all of whom were alive
in October, 1740, fifty years after their father's death. At
the same time there were living between fifty and sixty
grand-children and great grand-children.
"A good man leaveth an inheritance to his children's
children," and a good name has these advantages over
all other bequests;-it can be shared without division,
enjoyed without diminution, and remains an imperishable
capital, stimulating to and aiding like acquisitions.
Barclay, Robert, (Allerdyce,) 1779-1854, the
great pedestrian who first walked one thousand miles in
one thousand hours. Agricultural Tour in the U. States,
Lon., 1842, p. Svo.
Our learned civilian, like some other philosophers, seems
not to have been so fond of simplicity as some of the Gre-
cian sages, for
"He went every day to school, attended by a servant, who went
bare-headed before him, he himself having a rich robe lined with
ermine, the train of which was supported by two servants, and
his son upon his right hand; and there bung about his neck a
great chain of gold, with a medal of gold, with his own picture."
Mackenzie's Lives.
to Theory; and disgraces the Art he attempts to teach, by suppor
ing it may be got. like a knack, by mere practice, rather than cou-
invariable and fixed laws; from which Nature never deviates."-
municated as a Science, consisting of certain principles founded on
Lon. Monthly Review, 1756.
Barclay, Thomas, a Scottish scholar, studied lite-
rature and philosophy at Bordeaux; going afterwards to
Toulouse he became head of the Squellanean School. Sub-glish, Latin, and French, only.
sequently he taught law both at Poitiers and at Toulouse.
“His writings were neither numerous nor important."-Dempster.
Barclay, William, 1546-1605? an eminent civilian,
father to John Barclay, author of the "Argenis," was born
in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He was in favour with Mary
He was in favour with Mary
Queen of Scots: after her dethronement he went to France,
applied himself to the study of belles-lettres, law, and
philosophy, and graduated doctor in the civil and canon
laws. The Duke of Lorraine appointed him professor of
civil law in the University of Pont-à-Mousson, and a
counsellor and master of requests to his hospital. He
visited England at the request of James I., and was offered
a professorship of civil law at one of the universities, and
other honours, upon condition of his attaching himself to
the Church of England. These offers he declined, return-
ed to France in 1604, and accepted the professorship of
civil law in the University of Angers. One of his prin-
cipal works is De Regno et Regali Potestate adversus
Buchananum Brutum, Boucherum et Reliquos Monarcho-
machos, Paris, 1600. Boucher had put forth a treatise
in 1589, here referred to, entitled De Juste Henrici III.
Boucher was a leaguer; Barclay, on the contrary, argues
in favour of the supremacy of the king even over the
laws, and the right of the monarch to the implicit obe-
dience of his people, save in cases of outrageous oppression;
which last flaw, of course, quashes the whole indictment
against any case of resistance, as opinion must of necessity
be the umpire. Although a zealous Roman Catholic, Bar-
clay defended the sovereignty of the crown of France, even
against the Pope. His work, De Potestate Papæ an et
quatenus in Reges et Principes seculares Jus et Imperium
habeat, was pub. Franck., 1609, London, in English in
1611. We have already given an account of this work
the biography of the author's son; also of the response
of Cardinal Bellarmin, the circulation of which was for-
bidden by the Parliament of Paris. Barclay also pub.
Prometia in Vitam Agricolæ, Paris, 1599. Comm. in
Titl. Pandectarum de Rebus Creditis et de Jurejurando,
Paris, 1605.
Bard, John, M.D., 1716-1799, President of the Med.
Society of the State of New York. Con. to Phil. Trans.,
1750. Med. Obs. and Inq. xii. p. 369, 1762.
Bard, Samuel, M.D., 1742–1821, son of the preced-
ing, family physician to General Washington, and a man
of most estimable character, pub. a treatise, De Viribus
Opii, 1765; on Angina Suffocativa, repub. in vol. i., Amer.
Phil. Soc. On the Use of Cold in Hemorrhage; Compen-
dium of Midwifery, 1807; and subsequent editions; seve-
ral Addresses to Public Bodies, and Anniversary Discourses
to Medical Students.
The critique, from which the above is extracted, is very
severe. Mr. Edwards finds fault with the Perspective
portion of the works, but commends the instructions, so
far as they relate to the process of paintings, as the best
that had been published. See Edwards's Anecdotes of
Painting.
Bardouin, F. G. Essay on Job xix. 23-27, in 3 let-
ters, 1787.
Bardsley, S. A., M.D. Profess. and other works,
Lon.. 1800-1807.
Bardwell, Thos. The Practice of Painting and
Perspective made easy, Lon., 1756.
"Mr. Bardwell appears roughout his book a professed enemy
Barecroft, Charles. Lets. against Popery, Lon., 1688.
Barecroft, J., D.D. Ars Concionandi: or an in-
struction to young students in divinity. Being advice to
a son in the university, with rules for preaching, 4th ed.,
1751, enlarged by a Short View of the Lives, &c. of the
Fathers, Lon., 1715.
Barese, Sir Rd. See BENESE.
Baret, John, a scholar of Cambridge, of the 16th
century. Ar Alvearie, or Quadruple Dictionarie, English,
Latine, Greeke, and French, Londini, 1580. Dedicated to
Lord Burleigh. An edition pub. in 1573 contains En-
Baret, Michael. An Hipponimie, or the Vineyard
of Horsemanship, Lon., 1618.
Barfett, John. Funeral Sermon on the Rt. Hon.
Baroness Barham: 2 Tim. iv. 6-S. The Contest, Con-
quest, and Reward, of the Christian.
Barfoot, P. Letters to W. Pitt on Taxation, &c., 1786.
Barford, Rd. The Assembly, 1726. Epistle to Ld.
C., 1730.
Barford, Wm., D.D., d. 1792, was admitted into
King's College, Cambridge, in 1737. For one session he
was chaplain to the House of Commons, and pub. a Ser-
mon delivered before that body, 1770. In Pindari Pri-
mum Pythium Dissertatio, &c., 1751. A Latin Oration,
1756. Concio ad Clerum, 1784.
Barham, Henry. Hortus Americanus; containing an
Account of the Trees, Shrubs, and other Vegetable Produc-
tions of South America and the West India Islands, particu-
larly of the Island of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica, 1794.
"Interspersed with many curious and useful observations re-
inspecting their uses in medicine, diet, and the arts.
He gives a
particular description of the manufacture of indigo,"
An Essay upon the Silk Worm, Lon., 1719.
Phil. Trans., 1718--1719.
Con. to
"He died as he had lived, universally respected by all learned
and good men, at his rectory of Kimpton." See Bryant's System
of Mythology, vol. iii.
Bargrave, Isaac, 1586-1643, Dean of Canterbury.
Sermon on Hosea x. 1, Lon., 1624. Sermons, 1624, 1627.
He was chaplain to Sir Henry Wotton in one of his em-
bassies. At Venice he enjoyed the intimate acquaintance
of Father Paul,
"Who once said to him that he thought the hierarchy of the
Church of England the most excellent piece of discipline in the
whole Christian world."
Barham, Francis. Socrates, Trag., Lon., 1842. A
Key to Alism., 1847. Trans. of Guizot's Syncretism and
Coalition. Other works, 1847-1851.
Barham, J. F. On Use of Corn in Distilleries, 1808-10.
St. Augustine's, and St. Faith, London, was better known
Barham, Richard Harris, 1788-1845, Rector of
by the literary name of Thomas Ingoldsby. His Ingolds-
by Legends were contributed to Bentley's Miscellany, and
since collected in volumes. Of the First Series, a 5th ed.
was pub. in 1852; Second Series, 3d ed., 1842; Third Se-
ries, 2d ed., with Life of the Author, 1847. Mr. Barham,
during many years, contributed to a number of periodicals,
viz.: The Edinburgh Review, Blackwood's Magazine, The
Literary Gazette, &c. His popular novel, My Cousin Ni
cholas, was pub. in three vols.
"Of his poetical pieces it is not too much to say, that for origi
nality of design and diction, for quaint illustration and musical
verse, they are not surpassed in the English language. The
Witches Frolic is second only to Tam O'Shanter; and the IIon. Mr.
Sucklethumbkin's Story of the Execution is as satirical a reproof
of a vile. morbid appetite, as ever was couched in laughable mea-
suro. But why recapitulate the titles of either prose or verse.—
the lays of dark ages belonging to the fables of St. Cuthbert, St.
Aloys. St. Dunstan, St. Nicholas, St. Odille. or St. Gengulphus.-
since they have been confessed by every judgment to be singularly
rich in classic allusion and modern illustration. From the days
of Hudibras to our time, the drollery invested in rhymes has never
been so amply or felicitously exemplified; and if derision has been
unsparingly applied. it has been to lash knavery and imposture.”
-Bentley's Miscellany,
M
Barham, T. F. Introduc. to Greek Grammar, 1829,
Svo. Unitarian Doctrine, 1835, 8vo. Greek Roots in Eng.
Rhymes, 1837, 18mo.
Baring, Alex., Lord Ashburton, 1774–1848. Ov
the Orders in Council, Lon., 1808.
120
BAR
BAR
|
Baring, Charles. Peace in our Power, Lon., 1793.
Baring, Sir Francis, 1740-1810. Commutation Act,
1785. Establishment of the Bank of England, &c., 1797.
On a Publication of Walter Boyd's, Esq., M.P., 1801.
Barker. Complete List of Plays, from the Commence-
ment of Theatrical Performances to 1803. To which is
added, A Continuation of the Theatrical Remembrancer,
showing collectively each Author's Works, 1804.
Barker, Andrew. The Overthrow of Captain Ward
and Wanseker, two Pirates, Lon., 1609.
"Daborne took the plot of A Christian turn'd Turk, from the vour instanter.
above." [Pub. 1612.]—LowN DES.
Barker, Charles. Sermons, Lon., 1806-07.
Barker, Charles. Charity Sermon, Hull, 1825.
Barker, Edmund. Sermons, 1660-61.
Barker, Edmund. Trans. of Heister's Practice of
Physic, 1757.
Barker, Edmund Henry, 1788-1839. entered Tri-
nity College, Cambridge, in 1807. He was a contributor
to the Classical Journal for twenty years.
•6
Ilis first article appeared in No. 3, and nearly every succeed-
ing number exhibited either his sign manual. or else an anony-
mous article that carried with it internal evidence of his being
the author, from the numerous references to, and scarcely less nu-
merous extracts from, writers but little known; and by a similar
test it is easy to trace his contributions to the British Critic. pre-
viously to its change from a monthly to a quarterly, periodical,
and more recently in the pages of the Monthly Magazine during
the editorship of Mr. Reynolds."-Lon. Gent. Mog.
On leaving the University, about 1810, Mr. Barker took
up his residence with Dr. Parr, at Hatton, where he re-
mained for five years. Soon after the death of his learned
friend, he pub. Parriana, which is, with injustice, described
in the Lon. Monthly Review as "a metrical effusion of ig-
norance, vanity, and absolute imbecility." Whilst turn-
Whilst turn-
ing over rare classical tomes, in a true Dominie Sampson
spirit, in Dr. Parr's curious library, Mr. Barker conceived
the idea of preparing a new edition of Stephens's Thesau-
rus Linguæ Græcæ; "intending to introduce whatever
materials the lapse of two centuries and a quarter could
furnish for the improvement of the Greek Lexicography."
The editor engaged in this undertaking with great zeal,
accumulated a large stock of materiel, paid pounds each
for volumes, which, at the sale of his library, scarcely
brought shillings, and was encouraged by a list of 800
(Quarterly Review states 1100) subscribers. Vol. 1, Parts
I.-IV., appeared in 1815-1818; and the classical enthu-
siast was prepared to wear his blushing honours with no
little delectation; when, in an evil hour for our Hellenist,
Greek met Greek in a terrible charge in the Quarterly
Review, (vol. xxii. p. 302,) and if Demosthenes did not fly
from Charonca, the friends of the discomfited warrior
carried him away on their shields. Blomfield's "swashing
blow" was not fully met by the "Aristarchus Anti-Blom-
fieldianus," which has been called "telum imbelle sine
ictu."
Barker indeed was not silenced, as was Bentley by the
famous "Remarks" of Conyers Middleton; but though
the Thesaurus with its cargo appeared, the colours of the
captain were not nailed to the mast. The name of the
owner only was blazoned on the craft. The work, how-
ever, "at last made its way through the press, and con-
sists of several ponderous folios, forming the most com-
plete lexicographical collection that ever yet has appeared.
This is, in fact, its principal merit; for in detail it is liable
to much criticism."
64
This MAGNUM OPUS comprises no less than 11,752 pages
of double columns! but, nihil sine labore, et labor ipse
voluptas" was so true of Barker, that
(+
When a friend once condoled with him on the horrible bore of
making the index, that had occupied three years in the composing
and printing, Mr. B. observed that they were the happiest years
of his life: for he had thus read again and again the Thesaurus,
which he should not have otherwise done."-BURGES.
South's Sermons, &c. An edition of an unpub. Greek au-
thor, Arcadius de accentibus. He also edited (?) The
Toy-Shop; The Picture Exhibition; Juvenile Rambles
through the Paths of Nature; Mrs. Brown's Crooked
Sixpence. There has been published lately (1852) Lite-
rary Anecdotes, and Contemporary Reminiscenses of Pro-
fessor Porson and others; from the MS. papers of Mr.
Barker, 2 vols., London. These volumes are before us.
They appear to be of the kind which we are contented to
hope to read sometime," but do not feel impelled to de-
<<
Mr. Barker pub., in 1812, Classical and Biblical Recre-
ations, one volume only of which ever appeared. He
gave to the world editions of the Latin Esop, Cæsar, Ci-
cero, Tacitus, Demosthenes, and Xenophon, with English
Notes. He also edited a translation of Buttman's Greek
Grammar, and, in conjunction with Professor Dunbar, of
Edinburgh, pub. a Greek-English and English-Greek
Lexicon. He transmitted to Sturtz, Notes on the Etymo-
logicon Gudianum, which work the latter was editing.
These notes were considered by Barker evidences of his
skill in Greek lexicography. He also pub. a volume to
disprove the claims of Sir Philip Francis to the author-
ship of Junius's Letters. An English reprint of Professor
An English reprint of Professor
Anthon's American edition of Lemprière's Classical Dic-
tionary. A Letter to Rev. T. S. Hughes. A reprint of
For further particulars of our author, see memoir in
Lon. Gent. Mag., May, 1839; and Preface to the Literary
Anecdotes cited above.
Barker, George. Sermons, 1697.
Barker, J. The Character and Tendency of the
Christian Religion, on Rom. i. 17, Sheffield, 1833.
Barker, James. Sermon on Col. iii. 12, 1661.
Barker, James N., a native of Philadelphia, U. S.
America, has pub. Tears and Smiles, How to Try a Lover,
and other works. See a poem of Mr. B.'s, entitled Little
Red Riding Hood, in Griswold's Poets and Poetry of
America.
1
Barker, John. Sermon on John xvii. 20, 21, 1683.
Barker, John. Treasury of Fortification, Lon., 1707.
Barker, John, M.D., d. 1748, at London, was author
of a work on the nature of the fevers which raged at
London in 1740–41; also of An Essay on the Agreement
between Ancient and Modern Physicians, &c., Lon., 1747.
In French, Amst., 1749. Paris, with notes by Lorry, 1767.
Barker, John. Sermons, 1720–64. An eminent
Presbyterian minister at Salter's Hall. He was usually
styled the "Silver-tongued Barker," from his fascinating
delivery.
6.
His Sermons are composed in a natural and easy style; the
subjects are of a practical nature, and treated in a manner highly
judicious and evangelical.”—Walter WILSON,
Barker, John. Medical Works, 1786-96.
Barker, Matthew. Natural Theology. Sermons, 1674.
Barker, Peter. Exps. on the Ten Commandments,
1624.
Barker, Ralph. Sermons on John xxi. 17, 1691.
Barker,Richard. Consilium Anti-Pestilentiale, 1665.
Barker, Richard. Sermon on Gal. i. 10, 1707.
Barker, Robt., M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1736-77.
Barker, Robt. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1785.
Barker, Robt. Medical work, Oxford, 1801.
Barker, S. Providential Deliverances, 1806.
Barker, Saml. Funeral of the Countess of Oxford;
a Sermon on 1 Thess. ir. 13, 1702.
Barker, Saml. Poesis Vetus Hebraica restitutus,
&c., 1761.
Barker, Thomas, 1721-1809, son of the above, and
grandson of the celebrated William Whiston, pub. several
theological treatises, and contributed Meteorological Jour-
nals, (1761-98,) and other papers, to the Phil. Trans.,
1749-99. A Work on Baptism, 1771. The Messiah, 1780.
The Demoniacs in the Gospel, 1780. Whiston gives a
very high character to the father of our author:
"Nor is it easily possible for one man to be more obliged to ano-
ther than I and my family have long been to Mr. Barker: May
God Almighty reward him for the same both in this and the next
world." Whiston's Memoirs.
Barker, Thomas. Art of Angling, Lon., 1651. An
edit. 1653, anon. In 1820 the edit. of 1651 was reprinted
at Leeds, 1817, of which one copy was struck off in 4to.
Barker's Delight, or the Art of Angling. The 2d edit.,
much enlarged, Lon., 1657-59. Reprinted 1820, of which
four copies were printed on yellow paper, and one on vel-
lum.-LoWNDES.
Barker, Thomas. Dr. Wells's Letter, &c., Lon.,
1706. Funeral Sermon on 1 Pet. iii. 4, 1712.
Barker, W. H. Grammar of the Hebrew Language,
1774. Hebrew and English Lexicon, 1812.
Barker, Barkam, or Bercher, Wm. Trans. of
some theological, historical, &c., works into English, Lon.,
1554-99.
Barker, Wm. Principles of Hair-dressing, 1785.
Barkham. See BARCHAM, JOHN.
Barksdale, Clement, 1609-1687, entered as a ser-
vitor in Merton College, Oxford, in 1625. After pursuing
his studies with great assiduity he took holy orders, and
in 1637 supplied the place of chaplain of Lincoln College
at the church of All Saints. At the Restoration, Charles
II. gave him the living of Naunton near Hawling, in
Gloucestershire, which he retained until his death.
"He was a good Disputant, a great admirer of Hugh Grotius, a
frequent Preacher, but very conceited and vain, a great pretender
w
121
BAR
BAR
| germ of this epic, The Vision of Columbus, was pub, in
1787. His next literary employment was editing Watts's
Barksdale's works were pub. from time to time, 1640-79. Version of the Psalms, pub. in 1786. He was concerned
They are chiefly little religious tracts. Of others, the about this time in a weekly paper, a book store, and in
principal are Nympha Libethris, or the Cotswold Muse:contributing to the Anarchiad. In 1791 he pub. in Lon-
presenting some extempore Verses to the imitation of young don the first part of his Advico to the Privileged Orders.
Scholars. In four parts, Lon., 1651. Wood takes care to Part II. appeared in 1795. In 1792 he gave to the public
inform us that this book does not refer to the "Cotswold The Conspiracy of Kings, a poem of about 400 linos.
Games," which for forty years were carried on under the Whilst at Chambéry, in Savoy, he wrote The Hasty Pud-
superintendence of Robt. Dover:
ding, the most popular of his poems.
to Poetry, and a Writer and Translater of several little Tracts,
most of which are meir Scribbles."-A. WOOD.
•
Endimion Porter, Esq., did to encourage Dover. give him some
of the King's old Cloaths, with a Hat and Feather and Ruff, pur
posely to grace him, and consequently the Solemnity. Dover was
constantly there in Person well mounted and accoutred, and was
the chief Director and Manager of those Games frequented by the
Nobility and Gentry, (some of whom came 60 Miles to see them.)
even till the rascally Rebellion was began by the Presbyterians,
which gave a stop to their Proceedings, and spoiled all that was
generous or ingenious elsewhere."-Athen. Oxon.
Life of Hugo Grotius, Lon., 1652: from Meursis and
others. Hooker's Judicious Illustrations of Holy Scripture,
Len., 1675.
Memorials of Worthy Persons. Two Decads, Lon., 1661.
The third Decad, Oxon., 1662. The fourth, Oxon., 1663.
A Remembrance of Excellent Men, Lon., 1670.
"This, which goes for the fifth Decad, contains the character of
9 Divines and one Layman, taken and scribbled as the rest of the
Decads were, from the Sermons preached at their Funerals, their
Lives and Characters, occasionally given of them in Public Authors."
The Nympha Libethris is a very rare volume. A copy
in the Bibl. Anglo-Poet. is priced £20. See a description
of, and extracts from, this volume, by Mr. Park in the
Censura Literaria. A reprint, consisting of 40 copies, was
pub. in 1816 by Sir Egerton Brydges.
Barkshire, Earl of. Publication of Guianas Plan-
tation, newly undertaken by the Earl of Barkshire, Lon.,
1623.
Barkstead, Wm., an actor temp. James I. The In-
satiate Countess [from Bandello] which bears J. Marston's
name in some copies of the editions of 1613, 1631, has
been ascribed to Barkstead. (See Biog. Dramat. Vol. ii.
Rose's Biog. Dict.) Myrrha, the Mother of Adonis, or
Lust's Prodigies, a Poem, Lon., 1607. Hirem, or the Fair
Greek, a Poem, Lon., 1611.
Barkwith, W. Cases before Ld. Hardwick, &c.
Barlace, G. Sketch of the Progress of Knowledge
in England, with notices of learned men, Lon., 1820,
Barlee. Doctrine of Predestination, 1658.
Barlee, Edward. Free and Explanatory Version
of the Epistles, Lon., 1837.
"The translator has taken great liberties with the authorized
"This poem has a radical defect of plan, which it would have
been difficult for any degree of poetical genius to have completely
overcome. It is the narrative of a vision and a dialogue, conti-
nued through ten cantos, and nearly 7000 lines. Its time of ac-
tion extends from a remote period of antiquity to distant futurity,
and the scene shifts, with the rapidity of a pantomime, from one
part of the globe to another. It has no regularly connected nar-
interest excited, and the attention kept alive. Besides, the con
ration, or series of action, by which characters might be developed,
4to.stant mixture of real and familiar history with allegory and fic
tion, is a combination utterly destructive of that temporary illu
sion by which we are led to interest ourselves in the adventures
of an epic hero. . . . His verses bear no signs of poetical inspira-
lute labour."-Analectic Mag., vol. iv.
tion: it is evident that they have all been worked by dint of reso
version."-LOWNDFS.
Barley, Wm. Martyrdome of St. George, Lon., 1614.
Barlow, Edward. 1. Meteor. Essays. 2. The Tide,
Lon., 1715-17.
Barlow, Edward. Con. to Annals of Med., 1802.
Barlow, Frederic. English Peerage, Lon., 1773.
"In no estimation as a genealogical work."-LOWNDES.
Barlow, J. The Loss of the Abergavenny; a Poem,
1805.
successfully modelled upon that of Goldsmith: he has interspersed
"This is a very pleasing performance. . . . His versification is
the poem with several ludicrous parodies on the most popular pas-
sages of English poetry, and his subject naturally presented him
with many images and views of life, which, if not in themselves
highly poetical, have, at least, all the fresh bloom and fragrance
of untried novelty."—Analectic Magazine.
We should not omit to mention Barlow's zealous at-
tempts to establish a great national academy under the
patronage of the federal government. In 1806 he drew
up a prospectus of a national institution. Mr. Logan, of
Pennsylvania, introduced a bill into the Senate of the
United States, and it passed to a second reading. It was
referred to a committee who never reported, and the pro-
ject came to nothing.
tion.
In 1808 The Columbiad made its appearance in the most
magnificent volume which had ever been pub. in America.
The engravings were executed in London. A few copies
were sold, but the high price was an obstacle to circula-
A cheaper edition was issued in 1809; and in the
same year it was pub. in London by Philips. The Colum-
biad is composed of a number of visions, in which Hesper,
the genius of the western Continent, presents to Columbus,
whilst immured in prison at Valladolid, "that which shall
be hereafter." The War of the Revolution, the events
which are to precede, and those which are to follow, form
part of the vast materiel of this epic.
Barlow, Joel, 1755-1812, was a native of Reading,
Connecticut. He was first placed at Dartmouth College,
but returned to New Haven, where he graduated in 1778.
After a very insufficient preparation, he obtained a license
to preach, and joined the American army in the capacity
of chaplain. In 1783, when the army was disbanded,
Barlow threw aside his clerical character, and resumed
his law studies. He was not successful at the bar, and
was induced to visit Europe in 1788 as an agent of the
Scioto Company. At Paris he was a zealous adherent of
the Girondists. Whilst yet at Paris, in 1795, he was ap-
pointed, by President Washington, consul to Algiers.
Returning to the French capital, he resumed some mer-
cantile operations in which he had previously been en-
gaged. His enterprise was rewarded by a handsome for-
tune. After 17 years' absence he returned to America in
1805, and purchased a house in Washington, where he
took up his residence. In 1811 he was appointed minister
plenipotentiary to the French government. His negotia-
tions at Paris for a commercial treaty, and indemnification
for spoliation, were not successful. In the autumn of 1812
he received an invitation to a conference with Napoleon
at Wilna, in Poland. Whilst on his journey, his progress
was arrested by an attack of inflammation of the lungs,
of which he died at Zarnowitch, a small village near Cra-
Barlow's first literary production, a poem written in
1778, may be found in a volume entitled American Poems,
pub. at Litchfield in 1793. In 1791, when made Master |
of Arts, he recited a poem called The Prospect of Peace,
which was subsequently merged in The Columbiad. The
cow.
The faults, both of plan and execution, of the Colum-
biad, "were remarked upon, with their usual severity, by
the Edinburgh reviewers, as well as several other critical
journals of this country and of Great Britain." Barlow
bore these attacks without making any formal defence,
yet with less dignity than became a philosopher, attribut-
ing them all to political enmity, and, like Sir Fretful Pla-
giary in the play, often expressing his utter contempt and
disregard of all his assailants.
"In sketching the history of America from the days of Manco
Capac down to the present day, and a few thousand years lower,
the author, of course, cannot spare time to make us acquainted
fore, appear but once upon the scene, and then pass away and are
with any one individual. The most important personages, there
forgotten. Mr. Barlow's exhibition accordingly partakes more of
the nature of a procession, than of a drama. River gods, sachems,
majors of militia, all enter at one side of his stage, and go off at
the other, never to return. Rocha and Oella take up as much
room as Greene and Washington; and the rivers Potowmak and
Delaware, those fluent and venerable personages. both act and
talk a great deal more than Jefferson or Franklin.”—Lord Jef-
FREY: Edinburgh Review. See OLMSTEAD, Rev. Lemuel G.
Barlow, John, became a student of Hart Hall, Oxf.,
in 1600. He pub. a number of sermons, (vide Athen. Oxon.,)
1618-32.
Barlow, Peter, b. 1776, at Norwich, an eminent ma-
thematician, although he had only the advantages of a
common-school education. In 1806, he was appointed
one of the mathematical masters in the Royal Military
Academy at Woolwich, and filled the chair until 1847,
when he resigned. 1. Elementary Investigation of the
Theory of Numbers, 1811, Svo. 2. New Mathematical
Tables, 1814. 3. Mathematical and Philosophical Dic-
tionary, 1814. 4. Essay on Strength of Timber and other
Materials, Svo. 5. Magnetic Attractions, 1820, 8vo, 6.
Treatise on the Manufactures, &c. of Great Britain, 4to.
7. Tables of Squares, Cubes, Square Roots, &c.; new ed.,
1843, 8vo. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1802-09–10. Mr. Barlow
is a Fellow of Ast. Soc. Mem. Acad. at St. Petersburg,
Brussels, and Paris.
when he resigned.
In the autumn of 1812
122
BAR
BAR
Barlow, R. A Philosophizing Spirit, &c.; a Sermon,
Barlow, Sir Robt. On the E. India Company, 1813.
Barlow, Stephen. History of Ireland, 1813-14.
Barlow, Theodore. Justice of Peace, Lon., 1745.
Barlow, Thomas, 1607-1691, descended from the
ancient family of Barlow-moore in Lancashire, was born
at Langhill, in Westmoreland. In his 16th year he was
entered of Queen's College, Oxford, and in 1633 was chosen
Fellow of his College. Two years later he received the
appointment of metaphysic-reader in the University. His
lectures were highly commended, and were pub. in 1637–38.
In 1652 he was elected keeper of the Bodleian Library,
and in 1657 was chosen provost of his college, succeeding
Dr. Langbaine. On the death of Bishop Fuller he was
consecrated his successor in the see of Lincoln. He was
a voluminous writer. Among his principal works are the
following: A Letter on Redemption, 1651. For Toleration
of the Jews, 1660. Mr. Cottington's Case of Divorce, 1671.
Confutation of the Infallibility of the Church of Rome,
1673. The Gunpowder Treason, 1679. Against Popery,
1679. Quincii Cornelii Europæi Monarchia Solipossorum,
1680. Several Treatises relative to Dissenters, and the
Church of Rome, 1676-88. He left directions that none
of his MSS. should be printed after his death; neverthe-
less Sir Peter Pett pub. his Cases of Conscience in 1692,
and Genuine Remains of Bishop Barlow in 1693. On the
latter work Henry Brougham pub. Reflections in 1694:
the list of books was pub. separately by W. Offley in 1699.
"There are many valuable hints in the Remains."-BICKERSTETH.
Among was Directions for the Choice of Books in
the Study of Divinity, which was pub. from MSS. by Offley
in 1699; this latter edition is more correct than the pre-
vious one.
"This, as likewise Bp. Wilkins's Ecclesiastes, (9th ed. pub. 1718,)
contains much valuable information respecting older books of di-
vinity."—LoWNDES.
1808.
Two Letters of Ep. Barlow's on Justification were repub.
in 1826.
"In these excellent letters the Bishop ably establishes the doc-
trines of the Reformation."
"A powerful polemical defence of the Doctrine. See Carlisle's
Old Doctrine of Faith, 1823, and Essay on the extent of human
and Divine Agency in producing Faith, Edinburgh, 1827.”—BICK-
ERSTETH.
"If the Reader wishes to see this subject treated with a degree
of closeness of reasoning and logical accuracy which defies confuta-
tion, he will do well to peruse these Letters."—ARCHDEACON Browne.
Wood quotes a florid commendation of our author by
Arthur, Earl of Anglesey.
"I never think of this Bishop, and of his incomparable know-
ledge both in Theology and Church History, and in the Ecclesias-
tical Law, without applying to him in my Thoughts, the Cha-
racter that Cicero gave Crassus, viz.: Non unus e mullis, sed unus
inter omnes, propè singularis."-Memoirs.
Barlow, or Barlowe, William, d. 1568, was be-
fore the Reformation a monk in the Augustine Monastery
of St. Osith in Essex, and was educated there, and at Ox-
ford. It is a very remarkable fact that he was succes-
sively bishop of four sces, viz.: 1. St. Asaph; 2. St.
David's; 3. Bath and Wells; 4. Chichester; and was
father-in-law to four bishops, and one archbishop, viz. :
the bishops of, 1. Hereford. 2. Winchester, (Day.) 3. Lich-
field and Coventry. 4. Winchester, (Wickham.) 5. Arch-
bishop of York. (The five daughters were all by one wife,
Agatha Wellesbourne.) So that our author was not with-
out "benefit of Clergy." He wrote Christian Homilies,
Cosmography, (?) The Buriall of the Mass, Lutheran Fac-
tions, (?) Lon., 1553, 2d ed. He assisted in the compila-
tion of The Godly and Pious Institution of a Christian
Mau, commonly called The Bishop's Book, Lon., 1537.
He is said to have trans. into English, in Edward VI.'s
reign, The Apocrypha as far as the Book of Wisdom.
There is in Bishop Burnet's History of the Reformation,
His Answers to certain Queries concerning the Abuses of
the Mass.
lated to Lincoln. His principal works are Defence of the
Articles of the Protestant Religion against a Certain Libel,
Lon., 1601; Authentic Relation of the Famous Conference
between Archbishop Whitgift and the Puritans, held at
Hampton Court, Jan. 14, 15, 16, 1603, before King James I.,
Lon., 1604. He trans. three Sermons from Lavater, Lon.,
1596, and pub. a Life of Dr. Richard Cosin, an eminent
civilian, with whom he had lived in his youth. See Has-
sted's Kent, vol. ii., and Willis's Cathedrals.
He was re-
puted a learned and excellent preacher.
'
Barlow, or Barlowe, William, d. 1625, a divine
and an eminent mathematician, was the son of William
Barlow, Bishop of St. David's, &c.—(See ante.) He en-
tered a commoner at Baliol College, Oxford, in 1560;
B. A., 1564; about which time he went to sea, where he
acquired a considerable knowledge of navigation, which
he put to profitable use in his writings. About 1573 he
took holy orders, and in 1588 became prebendary of Lich-
field. He deserves commendation as a practical philoso-
pher, and acute observer in the department which engaged
his attention. He wrote several works on his favourite
subjects.
The Navigator's Supply, Lon., 1597.
"In 1553, upon Queen Mary's coming to the Crown. he was de-
prived of his Bishoprick (Bath and Wells] for being married; com-
initted for some time to the Fleet, whence escaping, he retired with
many others into Germany under pretence of Religion, and lived
there in a poor and exile condition.”—A. Woon.
He was noted for his propensity to levity and jesting.
Archbishop Cranmer would sometimes say at the conclu-
sion of a long debate,
"This is all very true: but my brother Barlowe, in half an hour,
will teach the world to believe it is but a jest." See Strype's
Cranmer, Parker, Annals., Biog. Brit., Harrington's Brief View,
Barlow, William, d. 1613, successively Bishop of
Rochester and Lincoln, was a native of Lancashire. He
He
was a Fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and Chaplain
to Queen Elizabeth and to Archbishop Whitgift. In 1605
he was elected Bishop of Rochester, and in 1608 was trans-
}
"This booke was written by a bishop's sonne,
And by affinity to many bishops kinne:"
We have seen [BARLOW BP. WILLIAM, ante] that he had
five episcopal brothers-in-law.
"Considering the period at which it was written, this is certainly
a most extraordinary production."
Magnetical Advertisement, concerning the Nature and
Properties of the Loadstone, Lon., 1616; A Brief Discovery
of the Idle Animadversions of Mark Ridley, M.D., upon
a Treatise entitled Magnetical Advertisement, Lon., 1618.
"This was the person who had knowledge in the Magnet 20
years before Dr. Will Gilbert published his Book of that subject,
and therefore by those that knew him, he was accounted superior,
or at least equal to that Doctor for an industrious and happy
searcher and finder out of many rare and magnetical secrets. le
was the first that made the inclinatory instrument transparent,
and to be used pendant, with a glass on both sides and ring on
the top, whereas Dr. Gilbert's hath it but of one side, and to be set
on a foot. And moreover, he hang'd it in a Compass-box, where
with two ounces weight, it was fit for use at sea. Secondly, ho
was the first that found out and shewed the difference between
Iron and Steel, and their tempers for Magnetical Uses, which
hath given life and quickening, universally to all Magnetical In-
struments whatsoever. Thirdly, he was the first that showed the
right way of touching Magnetical Needles. Fourthly, he was the
first that found out and showed the piercing and cementing of
Leadstones. And lastly, the first that showed the reasons why a
Loadstone being double capped, must take up so great weight.
Athen. Ozım.; also see Hutton's Mathematical Dictionary.
As the first English writer on the nature and properties
of the magnet, and the inventor of the compass-box, as
now used at sea, Barlow's name should ever be held in
high esteem, not only by those "who go down to the sea
in ships and occupy their business in the great waters,"
but by all who are in any way interested—and who can
be excepted?-in the profitable uses of navigation.
Barlow, William. 1. A Treatise. 2. A Sermon,
Lon., 1690.
Barlow, William. Con. to Phil., Trans., 1740-41.
Barlow, William. Theory of Numbers, Lon., 1811.
Barnaby, A. Proposals for Duty on Malt, 1696.
Barnard, Lady Anne, 1750-1825, was the daughter
of James Lindsay, fifth Earl of Balcarras, and wife to Sir
Andrew Barnard, librarian to George III. She was au-
thoress of the well-known ballad, Auld Robin Gray: the
authorship of which was kept a secret for more than fifty
years. In 1823, in a letter to Sir Walter Scott, Lady
Barnard acknowledges the ballad as her own, and gives
an interesting account of the circumstances attending its
production. Captain Hall tells us that during a visit to
Abbotsford in 1825,
•
"Sir Walter entertained us much by an account of the origin
of the beautiful song of · Auld Robin Gray.' 'It was written,' he
said, by Lady Anne Lindsay, now Lady Anne Barnard. She
happened to be at a house where she met Miss Suff Johnson, a
well-known person, who played the air. and accompanied it by
words of no great delicacy, whatever their antiquity might be;
and Lady Anne, lamenting that no better words should belong to
such a melody, immediately set to work, and composed this very
pathetic story. Truth, I am sorry to say, obliges me to add that
it was a fiction. Robin Gray was her father's gardener, and the
idea of the young lover going to sea, which would have been quite
out of character here amongst the shepherds, was natural enough
where she was then residing, on the coast of Fife. It was long
unknown who the author was; and indeed there was a clergyman
on the coast whose conscience was so large that he took the burden
of this matter upon himself, and plead guilty to the authorship.
About two years ago I wrote to Lady Anne to know the truth,
dered how I could have guessed it, as there was no person alive to
and she wrote back to say she was certainly the author, but won-
whom she had told it. When I mentioned having heard it long
ago from a common friend who was dead, she then recollected me,
123
BAR
BAR
and wrote me 'ne of the kindest letters I ever received. saying she
had till now not the smallest idea that I was the little Lime boy
she had known so many years before.""
In 1825, Sir Walter Scott edited for the Bannatyne Club
a tract containing a corrected version of the original
lad, and two continuations by the authoress.
"His name is not set to this Pamphlet, and he did not care after-
bal-wards, when he saw how the event proved, to be known that he
was the author.' -Woon.
Barnard, Mrs. Caroline. A Parent's Offspring;
or Tales for Children, 1812, 2 vols. 12mo.
"In these tales, our young readers will find considerable variety
and interest, together with some humour, and a good moral ten-
dency."-Lon. Monthly Review.
Barnard, Edward, 1721-1774, minister at Haver-
hill, Massachusetts, was an excellent scholar, and a highly
esteemed preacher and minister. He pub. sermons, &c.,
1754, '65, '73.
"Dr. Barnard. by his writing on schoolArchitecture, has created
a new department in educational literature."-DR. VOGEL. Leipzig.
"I cannot omit this opportunity of recommending the reports
which have emanated from this source, as rich in
gestions, and full of the most sound and practical views in regard
to the whole subject of school-education."-BISHOP ALONZO POTTER,
in the School and Schoolmaster. p. 159, 1842.
Barnard, or Bernard, John, Enlarged Bohun's
Geog. Dictionary, Lon., 1693, fol. and wrote some politi-
cal pieces.
Barnard, Francis. Funl. serm. on Mrs. Fularton, 1735.
Barnard, Frederick A. P., LL.D., b. 1809, Shef
field, Mass., graduated at Yale College, 1828; in 1831-33,
instructor in the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb Barnard, John, 1681-1770, minister in Marblehead,
at Hartford; in 1833-38, tutor in the N. Y. Inst. for Deaf was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He was a man of
and Dumb; in 1848-54, Prof. of Nat. Philos., Math., and great sagacity in temporal affairs, and by his judicious
afterwards Chemistry, in the Univ. of Alabama: in 1856, advice, greatly improved the commercial wealth and ship-
Prest. Univ. of Mississippi. 1. Treatise on Arithmetic, ping interest of Marblehead. As a minister, he was emi-
1830. 2. Grammar, 1834. 3. Letters on College Govern-nent for his learning and piety, and zealous devotion to
ment, and the Evils inseparable from the American College his duties. He pub. a number of sermons, and other
System in its Present Form, 1855.
theological treatises, 1717, 24, 25, 27, 31, '34, '3S, '42,
"This is a work of extraordinary ability, and has excited the at-'46, '47, '50, '52, '56, '61, '62. A Proof of Jesus Christ's
tention of the ablest minds in the country."-Appleton's New being the Messiah: the first published Dudleian Lecture,
Amer, Cyc.
1756: A Version of the Psalms, about 1751: A Letter to
Pres. Stiles, pub. in the Massachusetts Hist. Collections.
Barnard, John, 1690-1758, minister in Andover,
Massachusetts. He pub. a discourse on the earthquake;
to a society of young men; on sinful mirth, 1728; election
sermon, 1746.
"The several reports of Henry Bernard. Esq., Secretary of the
Board of Education.-the most ab'e. efficient, and best-informed
officer that could, perhaps. be engaged in the service.-contain a
digest of the fullest and most valuable importance that is readily
to be obtained on the subject of common schools, both in Europe
and the United States. I can only refer to these documents with
the highest opinion of their merits and value.”—Kent's Com-
mentaries, 5th ed., vol. ii. 196
restored to the Church's livings, in point of prudence, piety,
Censura Cleri, against scandalous ministers, not fit to be,
and fame, Lon., 1660; in 3 sheets.
Barnard, Henry, b. at Hartford, Connecticut, 1811;
graduated at Yale College in 1830; received the degree of
LL.D. from Yale College in 1852, from Union College in
1852, and from Harvard College in 1853. Mr. B. is well
known for his laborious efforts and many publications on
behalf of the system of Public Schools. We have before Barnard, Sir John, 1685-1764, Lord Mayor of the
us a list of no less than twenty-eight documents, reports, city of London, and its representative in parliament for
&c., for which the country is indebted to this public bene- nearly forty years. 1. A Defence of Seven Proposals for
|
factor. Such men are worthy of all honour. 1. School raising of Three Millions, &c., Lon.. 1716. 2. Reducing
Architecture; 5th ed., 1854, N. York, pp. 464. 2. Practical the Interest on the National Debt, 1749: anon. Another
Illustrations of School Architecture, pp. 175. 3. Normal treatise has been ascribed to Sir John.
Schools in the United States, pp. 215. 4. Normal Schools Barnard, Jon. Assize Sermon, Ps. cxxvii., 1707.
in the U. States and Europe, pp. 670. 5. National Educa- Barnard, Jon. Sermons, 1727. One do., 1742.
tion in Europe, pp. 890. This work should accompany Barnard, Hon. Richard Boyle, M.P. Tour
Prof. A. D. Bache's Education in Europe. 6. Reports on through some parts of France, Switzerland, Savoy, Ger-
Common Schools in Connecticut from 1838 to 1842. 7. Do.. many, and Belgium, 1815.
1850--51-52. 8. History of Education in Connecticut from
1638 to 1854, pp. 600. 9. Report on Public Schools in
Rhode Island, 1845 and '48. 10. Documentary History
of Public Schools in Providence, pp. 96. 11. Education
and Employment of Children in Factories, pp. 84. 12.
Connecticut Common School Journal, 1838-42, 4 vols.
13. Rhode Island Journal of Instruction, 1845-49, 3 vols.
14. Discourses on Life and Character of T. H. Gallaudet,
pp. 60. 15. Tribute to Doctor Gallaudet, with History of
the American Asylum, pp. 268. 16. Hints and Methods
for the Use of Teachers, pp. 128. 17. Life of Ezekiel
Cheever, and Notes on the Free Schools of New England.
18. American Journal of Education, 1856-57, 4 vols.
Barnard, S. Sermon, Amos iii. 3, Hull, 1789.
Barnard, Thomas. Sermons, &c., 1710, '18, '42.
Barnard, Thomas, 1714-1776, minister in Salem,
Massachusetts, was the son of the preceding. He pub.
sermons, 1743, '57, '58, '62, '63, '68.
"Mr. Barnard, in his work on 'National Education in Europe,'
bas collected and arranged more valuable information and statistics
than can be found in any one volume in the English language. It
groups under one view the varied experience of nearly all civilized
countries." Westminster Review, Jan. 1854.
Barnard, James. The Divinity of Christ demon-
strated from Hely Scripture, and from the Doctrine of the
Primitive Church, in a Series of Letters addressed to the
Rev. Joseph Priestley, in answer to his Letters addressed
to the Rev. Dr. Geddes, Lon., 1789. See HORSLEY, SAMUEL;
PRIESTLEY, JOSEPH.
Theologo-historicus, or the true life of the most reverend
divine, and excellent historian, Peter Heylyn, D.D., Lon.,
1683.
Barnard, or Bernard, John, d. 1683. an English
divine, was first of Cambridge, but removed himself to
Oxford. By the visitors deputed by Parliament, he was
in 1848 made Fellow of Lincoln College. Afterwards
marrying a daughter of Dr. Peter Heylyn, he became rec-
tor of Waddington in Lincolnshire.
In 1669 he took the degrees in Divinity, being then in some
repute in his country for his lea ning and orthodox principles."
Published, as the author pretended, to correct the errors, sup
ply the defects, and confute the calumnies of a late writer, viz:
George Vernon, who had before published the said doctor's life."
To this work is added, An Answer to Mr. Baxter's false
accusation of Mr. Heylyn. He also pub. a Catechism for
the use of his parish.
Barnard, Thomas, 1748-1814, minister in Salem,
Massachusetts, pub. sermons, 1786, (at the ordination of
A. Bancroft,) '89, '93, 94, 95, 96, 1803, '06.
Barnard, Wm., Bp. of Derry. Serm. Matt. iii. 9, 1752.
Barnard, Wm. Con. to Phil. Trans. 1773-80.
Barnard is sometimes written Bernard, q. v.
Barnardiston, J., Master of Corpus Christi College.
Serm. preached before the House of Commons, Matt. xxii.
21, 1766.
|
Barnardiston, Thomas. Reports of Cases in the
High Court of Chancery, 13 and 14 Geo. II., from April
25, 1740, to May 9, 1741; folio, Lon., 1742. Respecting
the merits of these reports there has been a wide differ-
ence of opinion. Lord Mansfield, who knew the reporter,
and was at the bar when the reports were taken, consi-
dered them as lacking authority, and went so far as to for
bid counsel to refer to them in arguing cases before him.
We find the following anecdote in Marvin's Legal Bibl.
“Mr. Preston, in an argument before the Lord Chancellor, re-
marked. We come now, my lord, to the important case of Eliot
v. Merryman, on which conveyancers have at all times relied ag
very material to the law affecting the case now before the court,
which is in Barnardiston's Reports.' Lord Lyndhurst: 'Barnardi→
ton. Mr. Preston! I fear that is a book of no great authority; I
recollect, in my younger days, it was said of Barnardiston, that
he was accustomed to slumber over his note-book, and the wags
in his rear took the opportunity of scribbling nonsense into it.'
experience, and having had frequent occasion to compare that re-
Mr. Preston: There are some cases in Barnardiston, which in my
porter's cases with the same cases elsewhere, I have found to be
the only sensible and intelligible reports, and I trust I shall show
your lordship that it may be said of Barnardiston, non omnibus
dormio, Lord Manners. relying on a case in these reports, says:
Although Barnardiston is not considered a very correct reporter,
yet some of his cases are very accurately reported. And Lord
Eldon. in reference to the same work, observed. 'I take the liberty
of saying, that in that book there are reports of very great autho
rity.' The doubts as to the accuracy of the reporter, have led, in
several instances, to a comparison of the volumes with the regis
ter's book, which proves that Barnardiston, for the most part, bag
correctly reported the decisions of the Court. These reports have
a peculiar value. from the fact of containing the decisions of the
great Lord Hardwicke; and if the author has occasionally fallen
•
6
•
124
BAR
BAR
Into slight errors, they are neither so glaring, or numerous; as to
detract much from their merits, or render them unworthy of a
place in every lawyer's library.”
Reports of Cases in the Court of King's Bench, &c., from
1726-31. 2 vols. folio, Lon., 1744. Frequently condemned,
and yet often cited. The accuracy of some of the reports
is proved by a comparison with other reporters.
"Not of much authority in general."-LORD KENYON. See Wal-
lace's Reporters; Marvin's Legal Bibl.
•
"Mr. Barnes's style is plain. simple, and direct; and though his
pages teem with the materiel of deep scholarship. yet he is, for the
most part, eminently happy in making himself intelligible and
interesting to every class; while the rich practical remarks, every
now and then grafted upon the critical details, transfuse the de
votional spirit of the writer into the bosom of his reader."-Amer.
Biblical Repository.
Barnby, Mrs. Novels, 1803, '4, '8.
|
Barne, Miles. Sermons, 1670, 75, '82, '83, '84.
Barne, Thos. Serm. at Paul's Crosse, 1591. Oxf.,1591.
Barnes, Major Tour through St. Helena, 1817.
Barnes, Albert, b. 1798, is a native of Rome, New
York. In 1817 he entered Fairfield Academy, Connecti-
cut, where he remained nearly three years. In 1819 he
entered the senior class of Hamilton College, and gradu-
ated in July, 1820. He had intended devoting himself to
the practice of the law, but was led by convictions of duty
to prepare for the ministry. He pursued his theological
studies at the Princeton Seminary. He was licensed April
23, 1823, at Lawrenceville, New Jersey, by the Presbytery
of Elizabethtown. After preaching at various places in
Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Jersey, he took
charge of the First Presbyterian Church in Morristown,
New Jersey. In 1830 he received a call from the First Pres-
byterian Church in Philadelphia, and was installed June 25,
1830, and still continues pastor of that congregation, (1858.)
The particulars of the ecclesiastical experience of this
eminently useful and highly esteemed gentleman it does
not come within our province to notice.
|
In this country and in Great Britain. Mr. Barnes (for mendations of Blackie & Son's (Glasgow, Edin., and Lon.)
The above opinions, which are all connected with com.
he has repeatedly refused the title of D.D. from conscien- edition, with supplementary notes, are the more to be
tious motives) is widely known for his commentaries on
the books of the New Testament, (pub. at intervals, in prized, as each one of the divines cited objects to some of
Mr. Barnes's doctrinal views. The supplementary notes
eleven volumes,) on Job, Isaiah, and Daniel. The notes
upon the New Testament have been very extensively cirives to this real or supposed want of soundness in the faith,
are intended, and by these gentlemen accepted, as correct-
culated among Sunday-school teachers, and others, and We subjoin an expression of opinion from a very distin.
form one of the most useful instrumentalities in the Scrip-guished authority:
tural education of the young. With the doctrinal views
of the author we have here nothing to do: it is however
but justice to others to remark that many of the eminent
gentlemen whose favourable opinions of Mr. Barnes we
shall quote below, do not coincide with his views in seve-
ral important points.
"We here have a work [Notes on the Epistle to the Romans]
better calculated, probably, than any other single volume that
could be named, to furnish a correct and competent acquaintance
with that important part of Scripture of which it treats.-and one
that may be safely recommended to all classes, not only on this
particular ground, but also on its general merits as a manual of
Christian doctrines and of Christian ethics-of experimental and
practical godliness. We should like to see it in the hands of all
our young people."-Congregational Mogazine.
Of the same work the Rev. James Hamilton remarks:
"Judging from that specimen I cannot but rejoice in the popu
larity and extensive circulation of the work. [The Notes on the
New Testament.] The notes are simple, direct, and satisfactory;
the production of a mind clear, fresh, and furnished with abun-
dant learning, which is not ostentatious of itself."
The late very distinguished divine, Rev. J. Pye Smith,
D.D., remarks:
"Of Barnes's Notes on the New Testament, I purchased, as they
arrived, the volumes of the New York edition."
"The Notes of Albert Barnes, practical and explanatory, on the
Now Testament, possess great excellence. They give within a
short compass the results of extensive reading and of much
thought; and they generally bring out the sense of the text with
clearness and force.”—Rev. William Lindesay, D.D., Prof. Bib. Criti-
he has undertaken. that he needs no further recommendation. 1
know no guide to the understanding of the sacred oracles more
trustworthy. With respectable biblical scholarship, there is con·
nected so much of evangelical sentiment, and genuine spiritu.
ality of mind, that I earnestly wish the work were in the hands
of all persons who are engaged as missionaries or teachers of the
young."-Rev. William Brock, Bloomsbury, London.
"I have perused a considerable portion of Barnes's Notes on the
New Testament, to ascertain their suitableness for the use of Sab-
bath-school teachers, and for the instruction of the young in fa-
milies. Theso notes are neither very learned nor very profound;
but they are characterized by good sense, earnest piety, and the
natural graces of a style remarkable for its simplicity and ease."-
Rev. W. M. Hetherington, LL.D., Free St. Paul's, Edinburgh.
I I consider Barnes's Notes on the New Testament to be one of
the most valuable boons bestowed in these latter days on the
Church of Christ. The perspicuous and forcible manner in which
he presents the sense of Scripture. and the decidedly practical
bearing with which he universally invests his expositions, cannot
fail to recommend the work to all persons of enlightened and
vigorous piety."-Rer. E. Henderson, D.D., London.
Barnes's Notes on the New Testament are entitled to recom-
mendation for their general simplicity and practical usefulness.
They are of such a description that they may be read with interest
and profit by all.”—Rev. Alez, Hill, D.D., Prof, of Divinity in the
University of Glasgow.
"There are some peculiar excellencies in Barnes, and these are
such. and so important, as to give his book special claims on our
attention and gratitude. The clearness and simplicity of his ex
position, his devotional spirit. and his practical remarks, greatly
enhance his commentary."—Rev. James Morgan, D.D., Belfast.
His style is generally plain and perspicuous, but where occa.
sion offers, energetic and effective."-Rev. H. Cooke, D.D., LL.D.,
Belfast.
"The primary design of Barnes's Commentary on the New Tes
tament, is to furnish Sunday-school teachers with a plain and
simple explanation of the more common difficulties of the book
which it is their province to teach. For this purpose it is admi
rably adapted: and if it be carefully perused by the interesting
class of benefactors for whose advantage it is immediately in
tended, it cannot fail, under the divine blessing, greatly to ad
vance their efficiency and usefulness.”—Rev. David King, LL.D,
United Presb. Church, Glasgow.
“Barnes is so well known in this country as a commentator who
⚫ombines some of the most important qualifications for the work
2
"Barnes is an admirable commentator. The ease and vigour of
his style; the clear and natural manner in which he elicits the
sense of the text: the point, variety, and impressiveness of his
practical reflections, and the evangelical spirit which pervades the
whole, combine to render him deservedly popular."-Rev. John
Harris, D.D.. Author of Mammon, dr.
"Mr. Barnes has attained to just celebrity both in America and
England, as a sound and judicious expositor of Holy Scripture.
His comments on Isaiah, on the Gospels, on the Acts of the Apos
tles, and on the Epistle to the Romans, have all enhanced his
credit as 'a scribe well instructed in the mysteries of the king-
dom. As an interpreter of the word of God. he is remarkably free
from vague hypothesis and hazardous speculation."-Lon. Ev. M.
2
cism, U. P. Synod.
"Barnes has many excellencies as a commentator. His indus-
try is great, and he has made a free but not unfair use of all avail-
able sources of information. Possessed naturally of a clear and
Possessed naturally of a clear and
vigorous understanding, his opinions are uniformly expressed in
a brief, perspicuous manner. He has a singular facility in draw-the
ing practical conclusious from the doctrinal statements and his-
torical incidents of the Scripture. They are distinguished by good
sense and piety; they are natural without being obvious; and
often so striking and pointed as to partake of the character of
originality."-Rev. N. McMichael, Prof. of Eccles. Hist. U. P. Synod.
The sale of the eleven vols. of Notes on the New Testa-
ment is said to have reached nearly 400,000 vols. up to
1856. Inquiry into the Scriptural Views of Slavery, 12mo;
new ed., 1857. Manual of Prayers, 12mo. Sermons on
Revivals, 12mo. The Way of Salvation, 12mo. Practical
Sermons designed for Vacant Congregations, 12mo. The
Church and Slavery. 1857, 12mo. Prayers adapted to Family
Worship: new ed., 1858, 12mo. Miscellaneous Essays and
Reviews, N. York, 1855, 2 vols. 12mo. The Atonement, in
its Relations to Law and Moral Government, 1859, 12mo.
Barnes, Barnaby, b. about 1569, was younger son
to Dr. Barnes, Bishop of Durham. He became a student
of Brasenose College in 1586, and left without a degree.
In 1591, according to Dr. Bliss. (Athen. Oxon., edit. 1815,)
he accompanied the Earl of Essex into France. He re-
lieved his military duties by writing sonnets, &c.
Parthenophil and Parthenope. Sonnettes, Madrigals,
Elegies, and Odes. The Printer's Address is dated May,
1593: see an account of this volume in Beloe's Anecdotes,
Henry, Earl of Southampton: the most vertuous, learned,
vol. ii. pp. 77-79. Many of the Sonnettes are inscribed to
and bewtifull Ladie Marie, Countesse of Pembrooke; to
the right vertuous and most bewtifull, the Lady Strangue.
The Lady Brigett Manners, &c.
The Lady Brigett Manners, &c. Neither Wood nor Watt
seem to have known any thing of this book. A copy in
Bib. Anglo-Poet. is priced £30. The opening sonnet
is in a very pious strain:
"Thy wounds, my Cure, deare Sauiour! I desire
To pearce my thoughts! thy fierie Cherubinne,
(By kindling my desires.) true zeale t' infuse,
Thy loue my theame, and Holy Ghost my muse."
The Sonnettes are 100 in number, and are succeeded by
a Hymne to the glorious honorr of the most blessed and
indivisible Trinitie. A Divine Centvrie of Spiritual Son-
nets, Lon., 1595; reprinted in the second vol. of the Heli-
conia. Dedicated to Dr. Tobie Mathew.
Foure Bookes of Offices, enabling privat Persons for the
speciall Service of all good Princes and Policies, I.on.,
125
BAR
BAR
1606, folio, dedicated to King James. See Restituta, vol. |
iv. p. 127-135.
Devil's Charter, a Tragædie; conteining the Life and
Death of Pope Alexander the Sixt, Lon., 1607, 4to. Barnes
in 1598 wrote a Sonnet, prefixed to Florio's World of
Words; in 1606 he presented another, printed as a pre-
face to Fame's Memorial to Ford, and in the same year
translated Cicero's Offices. See Ellis's Specimens for seve-
ral of Barnes's Sonnets, which "at least have the merit of
combining an arbitrary recurrence of rhyme with the dig-
nified freedom of blank verse." We have an amusing spe-
cimen of humility in his dedication of his Offices to King
James: he presents his work "under a speciall pardon for
his boldness in daring to do it as a poore unlearned schol-
ler, which offereth his ignorance in some rude exercise
unto his learned schoole-master."
"So little however is his work to be regarded as proceeding from
the head or hand of an unlearned scholar, that it consists chiefly
of citations from the writings of the ancient historians, philoso-
phers, and poets, who penned their productions in the Greek and
Latin languages."-Restituta: See ante.
Barnes, Daniel H., d. 1818, a Baptist preacher,
and an eminent conchologist of New York, originated and
conducted, in conjunction with Dr. Griscom, the high
school of New York; he was also an active member of the
Lyceum of natural history in that city. He presided over
several seminaries, and refused the presidency of the col-
lege at Washington City. He contributed several valuable
papers, illustrated by explanatory plates on Conchology,
to Silliman's Journal, viz., Geological Section of the
naan Mountain, v. S-21; Memoir on the genera unio and
alasmodonta, with numerous figures, vi. 107-127, 258-280;
Five species of chiton, with figures, vii. 69-72; Memoir on
batrachian animals, and doubtful reptiles, xi. 269-297,
xiii. 66-70. On magnetic polarity, xiii. 70-73; Reclama
tion of Unios, xiii. 358-364. (Sill. Jour. xv. 401; Allen's
Amer. Biog. Dict.)
Barnes, John. An Essay on Fate, and other Poems.
Published at the age of 14, 1807.
Barnes, John. A Tour through France, 1816.
Barnes, Joseph. The Praise of Marie, Oxford.
Barnes, Joshua, 1654-1712, a learned divine, and
professor of Greek at Cambridge, was a native of London.
He was educated at Christ's Hospital, where his early pro
ficiency in Greek was the subject of remark. In 1671 he
was admitted a servitor in Emanuel College, Cambridge,
was elected fellow in 1978, and in 1686 took the degree of
B.D. In 1695 he was chosen Greek professor of the Uni-
Ca-versity of Cambridge. In his 15th year he pub. a collec-
tion of English poems, and was interested at an early age
Geramia, or a New Discovery of a little sort of People,
in several other works. He gave to the world in 1675,
called Pigmies. In the next year appeared his poetical
paraphrase of the History of Esther, which had been for
a long time in preparation. Select Discourses appeared in
1680. In 1688 was pub. The History of that most victo-
rious monarch, Edward III. The author has imitated
Thucydides in putting long speeches into the mouths of
his characters. Nicolson remarks:
Barnes, David, D.D., 1731-1811, minister of Scitu-
ate, Massachusetts, pub. Sermons, 1756, '95, 1800, '01, '02,
and 1803. A volume of his sermons, with a biographical
sketch, has been published.
Barnes, E. W., a native of Portsmouth, New Hamp-
shire, has pub. a number of compositions in poetry and
prose in Annuals and Magazines.
Barnes, George. Cicero, or the Complete Orator,
in 3 Books or Dialogues, &c. Trans. into English, 1762.
Trans. into English, 1762.
Barnes, Henry. Legal Treatises, &c. Notes of
Cases in point of Practice, taken in the Court of Common
Pleas, 1732-60. Best ed. 2 vols., Lon., 1815.
"The cases in this volume are very briefly reported, and are not
always to be relied on. Indeed. it could hardly be expected. in a
volume containing more than 2500 cases, upon points of practice
decided by various judges, whose opinions were not always coinci-
dent, that there would be uniformity and agreement throughout."
-Marvin's Legal Bibl.
We extract some opinions from Wallace's Reporters,
which, with the volume cited above, should be in the library
of every lawyer and man of general reading. Both of
these excellent manuals have become very scarce, and
should be reprinted.
Barnes has in general reported the practice of the court with
accuracy."-SIR FRANCIS Buller,
"Many cases reported in Barnes are not law."-MR. JUSTICE
HEATH.
43
When a rule absolute' was claimed from Chief Justice Abbot,
and Barnes was instanced as authority, the chief justice replied,
You may find rules absolute in Barnes for any thing.'"
Barnes is an authority of little weight. . . . His cases are so
contradictory that they destroy each other."-WILLIAMS, of the N
|
York Bar.
Anglia. Wood tells us that "This learned person being a
very moderate man in his opinion, and deeply sensible by
his great reading and observation of several corruptions
of the Romish Church and Doctrine, which partly were
expressed in his Discourse, but mostly in a book which he
wrote, called Catholico-Romanus Pacificus," &c. Barnes
was seized in Paris, "was carried out from the midst of
that city by force, was divested of his habit, and like a
four-footed brute, was in a barbarous manner tied to a
horse, and violently hurried away into Flanders." He
escaped from prison at Mechlin, but was retaken and thrown
into a prison of the Inquisition, where he died after thirty
years' confinement. Wood repels with scorn the story of
Barnes's insanity whilst in prison :
The cases cited from Barnes are good as historical evidence to
prove the point of practice in issue."-Chancellor Kent.
"Barnes is good authority, I believe, for points of practice, though
for little beside."-CHIEF JUSTICE GIBSON of Penn.
"Certain fierce people at Rome, being not contented with lis
Death, have endeavoured to extinguish his Fame, boldly publish-
ing that he died distracted.”
But being always in animo Catholicus, he left it, and his coun-
try, and going into Spain, was instructed in Philosophy and Di-
vinity by the famous Doctor J. Alp. Curiel, who was wont to call
Barnes by the name of John Huss, because of a spirit of contra-
diction which was always observed in him.”—Wood.
In 1625, at which period he was one of the confessors
of the Abbey of Chelles, he pub. a work against mental
reservation, entitled Dissertatio contra equivocationes,
Paris; a French trans. was pub. at the same time. Theo-
philus Raynand attempted to answer this book in 1627.
In the same year, Barnes wrote Catholico-Romanus Paci-
ficus: an edition was pub. at Oxford in 1680; part of it
had been before made use of by Dr. Basire in his Ancient
Liberty of the Britannic Church. He also wrote an an-
swer to Clement Reyner's Apostolatus Benedictinorum in
The want of an index! How often have we groaned
over indexless books! How often have we been obliged tc
do for ourselves what the witless author would not do for
us-and make an index to his book! His edition of Euri-
pides, dedicated to Charles, Duke of Somerset, was pub. in
Duke of Marlborough; and in 1701 he pub. an edition of
1694. In 1705 appeared his Anacreon, dedicated to the
Homer: the Iliad dedicated to the Earl of Pembroke, and
the Odyssey to the Earl of Nottingham. He wrote many.
other treatises, a list of which, including those which he
had published, and those which he contemplated giving to
the world, will be found prefixed to the edition of his Ana-
creon, pub. in 1705. We here find enumerated no less than
43 works! His facility in writing and speaking Greck was
remarkable. He tells us in the parody of Homer, prefixed
to his poem on Esther, that he could compose sixty Greek
verses in an hour. He also avows in the preface to Esther
that he found it much easier to write his annotations in
Greek than in Latin, or even in English, "since the orna-
ments of poetry are almost peculiar to the Greeks, and
Barnes, J. Educational works, 1811-12.
Barnes, John, an English Roman Catholic, of a Lan- since he had for many years been extremely conversant in
cashire family, studied for some time at Oxford,
Homer, the great father and source of the Greek poetry."
He could off-hand turn a paragraph in a newspaper, or a
hawker's bill, into any kind of Greek metre, and has been
Bentley used to say of Barnes that he understood as
often known to do so among his Cambridge friends. Dr.
much Greek as a Greck cobbler:" meaning doubtless by
this that he had rather the "colloquial readiness of a vulgar
scholar. The inscription suggested for his monument—
mechanic," than the crudition, taste, and judgment of a
first used by Menage in his satire upon Pierre Montmaur-
we think too profane for repetition. The Greek Anacreon-
tiques written for his monument have been thus translated
"Kind Barnes, adorn'd by every Muse,
Each Greek in his own art out-does:
·
"Above all, Mr. Joshua Barnes has diligently collected whatever
was to be had, far and near, upon the several passages of this great
King's reign. His quotations are many; and generally, his authors
are as well chosen as such a multitude can be supposed to have
been. His inferences are not always becoming a statesman; and
institution of the Garter from the Phoenicians, is extremely oblig-
sometimes his digressions are tedious. His deriving of the famous
ing to good Mr. Sammes; but came too late, it seems, to Mr. Ash-
mole's knowledge, or otherwise would have bid fair for a choice post
of honour in his elaborate book. In short, this industrious author
seems to have driven his work too fast to the press, before he had
provided an index, and some other accoutrements, which might
have rendered it more serviceable to his readers."-English Histo
rical Library.
No Orator was ever greater;
No poet ever chanted sweeter.
126
BAR
BAR
H' excelle 1 in Grammar Mystery,
And the Black Prince of History:
And a Divine the most profound
That ever trod on English ground.”
See the Biog. Brit., where find, also, this note:
"Mr. Barnes read a small English Bible, that he usually carried
about with him, one hundred and twenty-one times over, at leisure
hours."
All this is upon his monument.
Barnes, Juliana. Sce BERNERS.
Barnes, Philip Edward, B.A., b. 1815, Norwich.
England. Electoral Law of Belgium, 1851. Translator
of D'Aubigné's History of the Reformation in France, 1853.
Barnes, Ralph. Assize Sermon, 1759.
Barnes, Ralph. 1. Office of Sheriff, 1816. 2. Rela-
tive to Modus for Tythes, 1818. 3. Voting at County
Elections, 1818.
Barnes, Robert, a reformer and martyr in the reign
of Henry VIII., came to the stake in consequence of ad-
vocating Luther's doctrines, in answer to a sermon of
Bishop Gardiner. He wrote Supplicacion vnto Prynce H.
the VIII. The Cause of my Condempnation. The hole
Disputacion between the Byshops and Doctour Barnes,
London, by me, Johan Byddell, 1534, 4to. Again, by Hugh
Syngelton sine anno. Articles of his Faith, pub. in Latin
and in Dutch. Vitæ Romanorum Pontificum, &c. The
list extends from St. Peter to Alexander II., pub. with a
preface by Luther at Wirtemberg, 1536; afterwards at
Leyden, 1615, together with Bale's Lives of the Popes.
Luther pub. an account of the martyrdom of this holy man.
Works collected by John Fox, Lon., 1573: this edition in-
cludes the works of W. Tyndall and John Frith.
Barnes, Robt., of Mag. Coll. Visit. Ser., Oxf., 1626.
Barnes, Robert, M.D., b. 1816. Norwich, England.
Pamphlets and Memoirs on Obstetrics, Hygiene, &c., 1850, '58.
Barnes, Robt., of Mag. Coll. Vist. Ser., Oxf., 1626.
Barnes, S. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1818.
Barnes, Susan Rebecca, an American poetess, is
a daughter of Mr. Richard H. Ayer of the city of Man-
chester, in New Hampshire.
Her poems are marked by many felicities of expression; and
they frequently combine a masculine vigour of style, with tender-
ness and a passionate earnestness of feeling.”—Griswold's Femule
Poets of America, where see specimens: Imalee, &c.
"Her poems have been favourably received, and show greater
strength and vigour than those that are written by the generality
of her sex."—Woman's Record.
**
Barnes, Thomas, a Puritan divine of the 17th cen-
tury, is mentioned by Cole as one of the authors of the
University of Cambridge. Among his productions is The
Wise Man's Forecast against the Evil Time, Lon., 1624;
reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany.
Barnes, Thomas. A Discourse on Exod xxxiii. 14,
A Discourse on Exod xxxiii. 14,
Lon., 1702.
Barnes, Thomas. Of Propagat. Shrubs, Lon., 1758.
Barnes, Thomas, 1747-1810, a Presbyterian minis-
ter, had, for thirty years, charge of a congregation in Man-
chester, England. He pub. in 1786 A Discourse upon the
commencement of the Academy: an institution at Man-
chester, over which he presided from 1786 to 1798.
presided from 1786 to 1798. He
contributed some papers to the Trans. Manchester Society,
and to other periodicals.
A Funeral Sermon on the Death of the Rev. Thomas
Threlked of Rochdale, April 13, 1806.
This Mr. Threlked possessed a most remarkable memory:
"He was a perfect Living Concordance to the Scriptures. You
could not mention three words except perhaps those words of mere
connection which occur in hundreds of passages, to which he could
not immediately, without hesitation, assign the Chapter and Verse
where they were to be found. And inversely, upon mentioning
the Chapter and Verse, he could repeat the Words. It was, as might
be expected, a favourite amusement of his fellow students to try
his powers, and they were never known to fail him in a single in-
stance. This Faculty continued with him unimpaired, to the day
of his death. For, astonishing as the assertion may appear, it is
believed by all his friends to be literally true, that he never through
his whole life forgot one single number, or date combined with any
name or fact, when they had been once joined together, and laid
up in his Memory. When once there, they were engraved as upon
marble.”
Thomas Barnes has been well called
"A man of uncommon activity and diligence with his pen, and
is said to have written many hundred sermons which he never
preached: a fact very extraordinary if we consider the number he
inust have been obliged to preach in the course of forty-two years."
Barnes, William. Epigrams, Lon., 1803.
Barnes, William Geo. Sermons and Discourses,
Lon.. 1752.
The subjects of these discourses are chiefly practical: and tho'
there is nothing very striking or animated in them, yet they are
worthy the perusal of all serious and well disposed persons."
Lon. Monthly Review,
Barnet. God's Lift-up IIand for Lancashire, 1648.
Barnet, A. Funeral Sermon, Ps. ii. 3, 4, 1794.
Barnett, Richard. Odes, 1761. Lat. & Eng. Poems,
1809.
Barnewall, R. V. Reports of Cases in King's Bench,
with E. H. Alderson, 1817-1822, pub. in 5 vols., Lon.,
1818-1822. (A continuation of Maule and Selwyn's Re-
ports.) With C. Cresswell, 1822-1830, pub. in 10 vols.,
Lon., 1830-1835; with J. L. Adolphus, 1830 to H. T.
4 Wm. IV., pub. in 5 vols., Lon., 1831-1835. Continued by
Adolphus and Ellis, 1835-1856.
Barnfield, Barnefield, or Barnefielde, Rich-
ard, b. 1574, was entered at Brasenose College, Oxford,
in 1589. He wrote The Affectionate Shepherd, pub. 1594,
12mno; Cynthia, 1595, 12mo. The author bespeaks the
patience of the reader for his rude conceit of Cynthia:
••
· If for no other cause, yet for that it is the first imitation of the
verse of that excellent poet, Maister Spencer. in his Fayrie Queene.”
In 1589 he pub. The Encomium of Lady Pecunia, or
the Praise of Money. The Complaint of Poetrie for the
Death of Liberalitie. The Combat between Conscience
Greene's Funerals was
and Covetousnesse in the Minde of Men; and poems in
divers bumours. A second edit. of this work, considera-
bly altered, appeared in 1605.
erroneously attributed to Barnfield, but the ode, As it fell
upon a Day-which was printed in England's Helicon,
1600, signed Ignoto, and had the year before been given
as Shakspeare's, in the Passionate Pilgrim, really be-
Come live with me, and be my love,
longs to our author.
See Rose's
is another well-known poem of our author's.
Biog. Diet.; Ellis's Specimens; Ritson's Bib. Poet.; War-
ton's Hist. of Eng. Poetry. It is interesting to us to read
the opinions of any of Shakspeare's contemporaries upon
Barnfield's, written in 1598, eighteen years before Shaks-
the great bard; therefore we shall quote a few lines of
peare's death:
“And Shakspeare, thou. whose honey-flowing vein,
(Pleasing the world) thy praises doth contain ;
Whose Venus and whose Lucrece, sweet and chaste,
Thy name in fame's immortal book hath plac'd,
Live ever you. at least in fame live ever!
Well may the body die, but fame die never.”
A copy of the Affectionate Shepherd sold in Reed's sale
for £16 10%. Beloe notices a copy in Sion College Library.
In 1816 James Boswell presented to the Members of the
Roxburghe Club a reprint (34 copies, 4to) of Poems by
Richard Barnfield, including Remarks by the late Ed-
mund Malone. One of these copies was disposed of at
Bindley's sale for £6 16s. 6d. Boswell's sale, £4 68.
Barnham, Sir Francis, a scholar and writer temp.
James I., one of the $4 who were to compose an Academiy
Royal connected with the Order of the Garter. His His-
tory of his family has never been published.
Barnham, T. C. A Series of Questions on the most
important Points connected with a legal Education, de-
signed for the Use of Students preparing for Examina-
tion, previously to their Admission in the Courts of Law
and Equity, 4th ed. By E. Ings, 12mo, Lon., 1840.
Barnum, Phineas T., born July 5th, 1810, in Be-
thel, Conn. Autobiography, N. Y., 1854. Writer and
Lecturer on Agriculture and Temperance.
Has au-
nounced A History of Humbugs from the Earliest Ages
to the Present Day.
Baro, or Baron, Peter, d. about 1600, was born at
Etampes, in France, but resided the principal part of his
For
life in Eugland, where he pub. a number of works.
this reason we have given him a place in our volume. He
left his native country to avoid persecution, being a Pro-
testant, and was received into the family of Lord Trea-
surer Burleigh. Upon the invitation of Dr. Pierce ho
settled at Cambridge, and there entered himself a student
of Trinity College. In 1575 he was appointed successor
to Dr. John Still as Margaret professor of divinity. His
and he was involved in a number of controversies. Some
doctrine did not give satisfaction to some of his hearers,
went so far as to think that he was acting a traitor's part
at Cambridge; designing to seduce those under his in-
fluence to the Roman Catholic Church.
着​物
​For so it was, and they could not be beaten out of it, that they
thought, that as a certain Spaniard named Ant. Corranus was
brought to, and settled in, Oxon., purposely to corrupt the true
doctrine; so Peter Baro, a French man was for Cambridge."-Woon.
Baro retained his chair until 1595, when he resigned, or
as Wood says, was removed, not without the consent of
Dr. Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury." He removed
to London, where he died about 1600. 1. In Jonam Pro-
phetam Prælectiones XXXIX. 2. Conciones tres ad Cle-
rum Cantabrigiensem, &c. 3. Theses Publicæ in scholis
perorartæ et disputate. 4. Precationes quibus Usus est
Author in suis Prælectionibus inchoandis et finiendis. The
127
BAR
BAR
j'
three first-named were trans. into English by John Lud-
ham.. The whole were pub. in one vol., Lon., 1579, folio,
by the care of Osmond Lake. Baro wrote several other
works, which were pub. in 1580, 1613, et sine anno.
Baro, Baron, or Bonaventura, b. about 1600, d.
1696, was a Fitz-Gerald of Burnchurch in the county of
Kilkenny. He was born at Clonmell in Ireland, and was
a nephew of the celebrated Luke Wadding, a Franciscan
friar, eminent for his theological works. Baro entered the
Order of St. Francis, und resided almost entirely at Rome.
He was attached to the college of St. Isidore, a society
of the Order of St. Francis, founded by Wadding, for the
education of Irish students in the liberal arts, divinity,
and controversy, to serve as a seminary out of which the
mission into England, Scotland, and Ireland might be
supplied. Baron was celebrated for the purity of his
Latin style. His Opuscula varia were pub. in 1666. This
contains his Metra Miscellanea, pub. 1645; Orations, 1645;
Prolusiones Philosophicæ, 1651; Scotus Defensus, 1662 ;
and all his separate works pub. ante 1666. Theologia was
pub. at Paris in 1676, in 6 vols. Vol. 1st of The Annales
Ordinis SS. Trinitatis Redemptionis Captivorum, which
begins with the year 1198 and is carried down to 1297,
was pub. at Rome in 1686.
"Ana- {Robertus Baronustus } gram.
Rarus, haud cuiquam peperit Natura Secundum Notus es et scrip-
tis (Baron) ab orbe tuis.”
Baron, Robert, professor of divinity in Marischal
College, Aberdeen, was the author of Metaphysica Gene-
ralis, Lugd. Bat., 1657, which was in great favour with
eminent scholars on the continent. He pub. several theo-
logical works, 1621-27, and 31. He was elected to the'see
of Orkney, but was never consecrated, being driven by
persecution from Scotland. He died at Berwick.
Baron, Samuel. Description of the Kingdom of
Tonqueen: see Churchill's Voyages, vol. vi., p. 117.
Baron, Stephen. Sermones, etc., Lon., per De
Worde.
Baron, John. Sermons pub. at Oxf., 1699, 1703.
Baron, Peter. Sermons, Acts xx. 23, 24, Svo, 1742. Barrett, Elizabeth B. See BROWNING, MRS.
Baron, Richard, d. 1768, a dissenting minister, but
Barrett, Francis, Professor of Chemistry, Natural
more noted as an ardent advocate for the cause of civil and Occult Philosophy, pub. The Magus, or Celestial In-
and religious liberty, pub. what may perhaps be called telligencer, being a Complete System of Occult Philoso-
Thomas Gordon's Collection of Curious Tracts. 1. A Cor-phy, illustrated with a great variety of curious engrav.
dial for Low Spirits. 2. The Pillars of Priesteraft and ings, magical and cabalistical figures, &c., Lon., 1801, 4to;
Orthodoxy shaken; enlarged to 4 vols., Lon., 1768. 3. Im- Lives of Alchemistical Philosophers, with a Critical Cata.
pression revised and improved with many additional Ar- logue of Books in Occult Chemistry, and a Selection of
ticles, Lon., 1763, 12mo, in 3 vols. Baron edited a num-
the most Celebrated Treatises on the Theory and Practice
ber of works reprinted by Thomas Hollis, among which of the Hermetic Art, 1815, Syo. The ignorant may dis-
were the Iconoclastes of Milton, and a complete edition of miss the "System of Occult Philosophy" with a contemptu-
the works of this great poet.
ous laugh, but the student of human nature will naturally
feel a desire to investigate the pretensions of a "science"
which has turned the brains of so many men of vast learn-
ing and unquestioned integrity of purpose.
Baron, Robert, b. about 1630, was a student at Cam-
bridge. He pub. in 1647 The Cyprian Academy, Poculia
Castalia, &c., Lon., 1650. He was also the author of
Mirza, a Tragedy; Gripus et Hegio; and Deorum Dona.
See Winstanley, Philips, and Biog. Dramat., for other pieces
ascribed to Baron: some of which are evidently not his.
Barrett, Henry. The Alps; from the German of
Haller, Lon., 1796.
"The author seems [in Mirza] to have propos'd for his pattern
the famous Catiline, writ by Ben. Jonson, and has in several
places not only hit the model of his Scenes: but even imitated the
Language tolerably, for a young writer.” See Langbaine's Dra-
matick Poets: this author quotes an Anagram on Baron by his
friend, John Quarles:
Barrett, John, D.D., 1746?-1821, Vice-Provost of
Trinity College. Dublin, and Professor of the Oriental Lan-
guages in that University. An Enquiry into the Origin
of the Constellations that compose the Zodiac, and the
Uses they were intended to promote, 1800, Svo.
Baron, William. Assize Sermon, 1683, 4to.
Barr. Con. to Phil. Trans. 1778.
Barr, John. Thanksg. Serm. after Rebellion, 1746, 8vo.
Barr, John. The Scripture Student's Assistant.
Glasg., 1829.
Barr, Robt. M. Penna. State Rep., 1845-56, Phil.
Barrand. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1808.
Barrand, Philip. New book of Single Cyphers,
Lon., 1782.
Barrell, Miss. Riches and Poverty, 1808; The Test
of Virtue, and other Poems, 1811.
Barret, Robert. The Tarrier, Lon., 1660; Compa.
nion, &c., 1699.
Barret, or Barrett, Stephen, 1718-1801, a clar-
sical teacher and poet, wrote War, a Satire; and trans.
Ovid's Epistles into English Verse, (1759;) the latter work
is thought inferior to the former.
Barrell, And. Fens in Norfolk, Suffolk, &c., 1642.
Barrell, Edmund. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1717-27.
Barret. Recantation of Certain Errors, Lon., 1628.
Barret, or Barrett, B. Analysis of the Nature of
Sublimity, &c., 1812; Life of Card. Ximenes, Lon., 1813.
Barret, John. Sermons, &c., 1698-99.
Barret, John. Funeral Sermon, 1777.
Barret, John. See BARet, John.
Barret, Onsow. Treatise on the Gout, 1785.
Barret, Phineas. European Exchanges, Lon., 1722.
Barret, Robert. Theorike and Pracktike of Mo-
derne Warres, Discoursed in Dialogue Wise, Lon., 1598,
folio. George Chalmers is of the opinion that Shakspeare
refers to this work in his "All's Well that Ends Well."
Barrett, Bryan. The Code Napoleon, &c., 1812.
Barrett, Eaton Stannard, author of several poems,
novels, and humorous effusions, the best known of which
is The Heroine, or Adventures of Cherubina, a novel in
3 vols., Lon., 1813.
L
"The idea of this work is not new, since the pernicious effects
Mrs. Lenox in The Female Quixote, and by Miss Charlton in the
of indiscriminate novel-reading have been already displayed by
pleasing story of Rosella; but the present tale is more extravagant
than either of those works; and the heroine's cruelty towards her
father indisposes the reader for being interested in her subsequent
fate. Mr. Barrett may also be censured for not confining his ridi-
farce, both in his frequent sarcasms on the clergy, and in his ludi-
cule to allowable subjects: what should be great he turns to
crous parodies of scenes taken from our best novels: although it
might be presumed that, if Cherubina's reading had been limited
to respectable works of fiction, or if these had made the chief im
pression on her mind and memory, she would not have fallen into
the follies which she commits. Still, however, her adventures are
written with great spirit and humour; and they afford many scenes
at which 'To be grave exceeds all power of face.”—Lon, M. Rev.
Woman; a Poem, Lon., 1810, sm. Svo.
!
"As several authors have given an explanation of the signs of
the Zodiac, it was to be presumed that Dr. Barrett would attempt
to demolish their theories, before he advanced his own; and ac
cordingly, his first pages contain an examination of the systems
of Macrobius. La Pluche, and La Nauze. In opposing these hy
potheses, Dr. B. is more happy than in establishing his own: for,
though endowed with much learning, and qualified by much re
search, he has fallen into the wildest and most fanciful conjec
tures."-Lon. Monthly Review.
Essay on the Earlier Part of the Life of Swift, with seve.
ral original pieces ascribed to him, 1808, Svo. This work
is incorporated in Nichols's edit. of Swift.
"We see no ground for questioning any of his conclusions.
Those who are fond of similar investigations will be much enter
tained by his researches."-Lon. Monthly Review.
Evangelium secundum Matthæum, ex Codice.
Rescripto in Bibliotheca Collegii St. Trinitatis juxta,
Dublin, 1801, 4to. This is a fac-simile of a MS. of the
give place to another work.
New Testament, the writing of which had been erased to
"In the Prolegomena. he discusses, at considerable length and
much ability, the gospel genealogy of our Lord.... An elegant fac
simile of this work is given in Mr. Horne's Introduction; and an
excellent critique on it will be found in the third volume of the
See Orme'
old series of the Eclectic Review, pp. 193 and 586."
Bibl. Bib., and the works referred to.
Barrett, Joseph. A Funeral Sermon, Lon., 1699.
Barrett, Joseph. Sermons, 1795, 1806-13.
Barrett, Richard A. F. A Synopsis of Criticisms
upon those Passages of the Old Testament in which Modern
Commentators have differed from the Authorized Version;
together with an Explanation of Various Difficulties in the
Hebrew and English Texts, 2 vols., in 2 Pts. each, and vol.
iii., Pt. 1, large 8vo, Lon., 1847. Perhaps in no depart-
ment of letters have there been more important additions
to the library than in that which treats of the history, pre-
servation, integrity, and interpretation of the sacred text.
Among the new works on this subject, Mr. Barrett's is said
to deserve a high place:
student. The Hebrew, Greek, and English versions of doubtful
"This laborious and learned work is indispensable to the Biblical
passages are given in juxtaposition, and the different opinions of
commentators are quoted at length."
128
BAR
BAR
This portion of the work, all yet puh., (1853,) includes
all the historical books,-finishing at Esther.-Darling's
-Darling's
Cyc. Bibl.
Barrett, Serenus. Sermons, &c., 1715-22–25.
Barrett, William, d. 1789, an eminent Surgeon at
Bristol, pub. in 1788 the History and Antiquities of the
city of Bristol, 1 vol., 4to. This work had been in pre-
paration for twenty years. Park calls it
CC A motley compound of real and supposititious history."
"The promiscuous mode of citing authors, we had almost said,
concealing authorities, is unworthy a correct or faithful writer.
The book abounds with curious and authentic information;
and, in excuse for many of its inaccuracies, it may be necessary to
remind the reader that it is the first which has ever been pub
lished on that subject.”—Lon. Gent. Mag., lix. 533: but see pages
921-924, same vol.
Mr. Barrett was the gentleman who urged Chatterton to
produce the poems which he declared he had transcribed
from the originals in Rowley's handwriting. Many of the
Many of the
“original MSS." were in Mr. Barrett's possession. For an
interesting paper on Chatterton's forgeries, see Gent. Mag.
for 1789, p. 1081: and see the name in this volume.
Barrey, Lod. Ram Alley, or Merry Tricks; a
Comedy, Lon., 1612, 4to. See Biog. Dramat.
Barrie, Alex. A Collection of Prose and Verse,
Edin., 1781.
Barrifee, Wm., Lt. Col. Mars, his Trivmph, Lon.,
1639, 4to. Militarie Discipline, Lon., 1639, 4to; 4th ed.,
1643.
Barrington, Hon. Daines, 1727-1800, was the
fourth of five celebrated sons of an illustrious father, John,
Lord Viscount Barrington. He studied for some time at
Oxford, which he quitted for the Temple, and was admitted
to the bar. He retired from the bench (being a judge in
Wales) in 1785, and devoted himself to the study of anti-
quity, natural history, &c. The fruits of his researches
were given to the public in 1766, in his learned Observa-
tions on the Statutes, 4to. This work has been frequently
reprinted, 1767, '69, '75. 5th edit. 1795. The later edi-
tions contain new matter.
"Mr. Barrington, in his Observations, has contributed very
much to the elucidation of the more ancient laws of England, by
introducing historical illustrations of the times during which the
statutes were enacted. The volume abounds in curious, learned,
and valuable information.”—Marvin's Legal Bibl.
"Like an active general in the service of the public, the author
storms the strongholds of chicane, wheresoever they present them-
selves, and particularly fictions, without reserve."
"Mr. Daines Barrington is more of the antiquarian and histo-
rian than of the philosopher or lawyer. He has selected from the
earliest volume of our statute-book a number of acts. upon which
he has given a commentary, curious rather in an antiquarian
point of view, than in its illustration of the changes introduced
into our legal polity. Many of the statutes commented upon af-
ford an ample field for the display of much research into the man-
ners and customs of the times. Others again throw much light
upon the historical events of the period. Upon some occasions
the author digresses considerably, but the matter thus introduced
is always curious and valuable."-Retrospective Review, vol ix., p.
250: read the whole of this long article.
In 1767 was pub. his Naturalist's Calendar; in 1773 his
edit. of the Saxon trans. of Orosius, ascribed to King Al-
fred. In 1775 appeared his tracts on the Possibility of
reaching the North Pole. These tracts were designed to
promote a favourite project of Mr. Barrington's, which he
had the pleasure of seeing carried out in the voyage of
Captain Phipps, afterwards Lord Mulgrave.
**
It must be allowed that the learned author bestowed much
time and labour on this subject, and accumulated an amazing
quantity of written, traditionary, and conjectural evidence, in
proof of the possibility of circumnavigating the globe: but when
his testimonies were examined, they proved rather ingenious than
satisfactory."-Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
The edit. of 1818 contains some of Capt. Beaufoy's spe-
culations on the same subject. These tracts are also con-
tained in his Miscellanies on Various Subjects, [Natural
History, &c.,] pub. 1781, 4to. Mr. Barrington contributed
several papers to the Archæologia, 1770, 75, 77, and to
the Phil. Trans., 1767, '71, '73.
Barrington, George, superintendent of the convicts
at Paramatta. A Voyage to New South Wales, 1795.
Sequel, 1800. The History of New South Wales, 1803, 2
vols. This author was the well known, or, rather, widely
known, light-fingered gentleman to whom is ascribed the
witty couplet:
"True patriots we! For be it understood,
We left our country for our country's good."
On the voyage out Barrington gained the good-will of
the officers of the ship, by assisting so materially to quell
a conspiracy of the convicts, that he was considered the
preserver of the vessel and the lives of the honest men
on board.
age to N. S. Wales,] being well aware that there are metho is of
picking pockets unknown. perhaps, to Mr. B., eminent as he las
been for skill in the profession. We had doubts whether some in-
genious hand had not made free with Mr. B. himself; or, at least,
with a name of so much celebrity and promise. On perusing, how-
ever, a few pages of the work, our suspicions abated; and before
we arrived at its conclusion, not a doubt remained of its authen-
ticity."-Lom. Inthly Review.
Barrington, John Shute, Lord Viscount of the
Kingdom of Ireland, 1678-1734, was the youngest son of
Benjamin Shute, of London. Francis Barrington, of the
ancient house of Barrington in Essex, who had married
his cousin-german, Elizabeth Shute, settled upon him his
permitted to assume the name and arms of Barrington.
estate in Essex, and, by act of parliament, Mr. Shute was
He was distinguished at an early age for his talent and
judgment.
"One Mr. Shute is named the secretary to Lord Wharton (Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland. He is a young man, but reckoned the
shrewdest head in England. . . . As to his principles, he is a mo-
derate man, frequenting the church and meeting indifferently."-
DEAN SWIFT.
In 1723 his lordship retired from political life, and de-
voted himself to theological researches, for which he al-
ways cherished a predilection. He married a daughter
of Sir William Daines, by whom he had six sons; the
five who lived to man's estate all became distinguished
characters. 1. William, Lord Barrington; 2. John, a
major-general in the army; 3. Daines, justice of Chester;
4. Samuel, an admiral; 5. Shute, Bishop of Durham.
Lord Barrington pub. a number of works, 1696-1733, the
principal of which is Miscellanea Sacra; or à New Me-
thod of considering so much of the History of the Apostles
as is contained in Scripture; in an Abstract of their His-
tory, an Abstract of that Abstract, and four Critical Es-
says, Lon., 1725, 2 vols. 8vo. A new edit., under the su-
pervision of the author's son, the Bishop of Durham, in 3
vols., 1770, 8vo. The 1st edit. was pub. anonymously.
So
· This work contains some very valuable information on sub-
jects not usually discussed. The first essay is on the teaching
and witness of the Spirit, and affords some ingenious illustrations
of the miraculous gifts of the primitive churches. The second is
on the distinction between Apostles, Elders, and Brethren. in
which the nature of the apostolic office is particularly examined.
The third is on the time when Pau) and Barnabas became, and
were known to be, apostles; in which he contends that Paul was
not constituted an apostle till his second visit to Jerusalem. men-
Acts xv. 23-30."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
tioned Acts xxii. 17-21. The last is on the Apostolical decree,
The 2d edit. contains an Essay On the Several Dispen-
sations of God to Mankind, in the order in which they lio
in the Bible; or a Short System of the Religion of Nature
and Scripture, 1st edit., 1725. Both works will be found
in the Rev. G. Townsend's edit. of Viscount Barrington's
works, Lon., 1828, 3 vols.
“Much valuable information may be derived from this work.
[An Essay, &c.]”—Quarterly Review.
Dr. Benson acknowledges his obligation to the Miscel-
lanea Sacra, in his history of the first planting of Chris-
tianity, and in some other of his works.
The merit of this work [Miscellanea Sacra] is generally ac
knowledged."-REV. T. H. HORNE.
His theological works will always remain the fairest and most
last century possessed higher qualifications for the attainment of
durable monument of his literary reputation. Few writers in the
a profound and extensive knowledge of the Scriptures."-REV.
GEO. TOWNSEND.
Barrington, Sir Jonah, 1767-1834, Judge of the
Court of Admiralty in Ireland. Personal Sketches of his
Own Time, Lon., 1830, 3 vols. 8vo. Historic Anecdotes
and Secret Memoirs relative to the Legislative Union
between Great Britain and Ireland, 5 parts, pub. 1809–15,
in 4to. at 218. per part. Published complete in 2 vols.
imp. 4to, 1835, with 40 portraits, at £5 5s.
1.
This remarkable work was begun publishing in parts several
years ago, and excited a considerable sensation at the time. It
several were speedily published. From some unexplained cause,
was announced to appear in ten parts, at one guinea each, and
however, the progress of the work was suddenly suspended. and
reports were circulated of its having been officially suppressed on
account of the freedom of its language; which gave the published
parts a great marketable value, and they could not afterwards be
obtained at any price. It remained for that enterprising publisher,
Mr. Colburn, to rescue it from being lost to the public, which ho
did by purchasing the whole materials, after they had been sup
pressed for several years, from the family. The work is now com-
pleted as originally intended by the author."
The Historic Memoirs have been issued in cheap form,
entitled The Rise and Fall of the Irish Nation.
Barrington, Hon. and Rt.Rev.Shute,1734-1826,
successively Bishop of Llandaff, Salisbury, and Durham,
was the sixth son of the first Lord Barrington. (See ante.}
He was educated at Eton, and in 1752 became a gentle-
man-commoner at Merton College, Oxford. His lordship
"We distrusted the pretensions of the ostensible author [Voy- | edited in 1770 an edit. of his learned father's Miscellanes
9
129
BAR
BAR
Sacra, and pub. several sermons, charges, tracts, &c., 1772-metry, in Gresham College. In 1669 he felt it his duty to
1815. He also contributed many valuable notes to the apply himself to his profession as a divine.
"At his cr-
enlarged edition of Bowyer's Conjecture on the New Tes- dination he had vowed to serve God in the gospel of his
tament, and prepared for the press the Political Life of Son, and he could not make a Bible out of Euclid, nor a
his brother William, second Viscount Barrington, which pulpit out of his mathematical chair. His only redress
work was edited by Sir Francis Bernard.
was to quit them both." He therefore resigned his
pro-
fessorship at Gresham College to his friend, the afterwards
illustrious ISAAC NEWTON. In 1670 he was created doctor
of divinity, by royal mandate, and in Feb., 1672, he was
promoted to the Mastership of Trinity College, the king
observing that he had bestowed it upon "the best scholar
in England." In 1675 he was chosen vice-chancellor of
his university. The life of this great man was now draw-
ing to a close. In April, 1677, he was attacked by a fever,
in London, which terminated fatally on the fourth of May
following. As a mathematician, Barrow undoubtedly oc-
cupies a very high station, although there is a difference
assign to him. Dr. Pemberton remarks, "He may be
of opinion as to the exact position which it is proper te
esteemed as having shown a compass of invention equal,
if not superior, to any of the moderns, Sir Isaac Newton
only excepted." It must be remembered that it was at
the early age of thirty-two he was chosen professor of
geometry; which he resigned seven years later. Had he
felt it consistent with his higher obligations, to continuo
his mathematical researches, it is impossible to predict
the progress he might have made in science.
"On Geometry, as a platform, he paved the way, with his theory
of Infinitesimal, for the discovery of the Fluxional and Differ-
ential Calculi, by Newton and Leibnitz. Barrow originated the
idea of what has been called the incremental triangle. and showed
the error of his predecessors, in affirming that a portion of a curve
may be taken so small that it may, in calculation be considered as
a straight line. This notion, although one which the mind readily
admits, is utterly untrue, and contradictory to the first principles
of geometry... Barrow is the author of a work which, in the eyes
of sober-minded mathematicians, will always be as classically dear
as the oroixeta of Euclid were to the school of Alexandria; we
mean his Mathematic Lectiones, perfect models in the hands of
those who are attached to the reasoning of sound geometry.”—Rose's
Bing. Dic.
|
"His remarks on the Greek Testament inserted in Bunyan's
Critical Conjectures are characterised by sound judgment and great
caution... His tracts, sermons, and charges, are alike characterised
by sound judgment, clearness of expression, and fervent piety."
(Rev. Geo. Townsend: read this interesting memoir of a
true "man of God," prefixed to Mr. Townsend's edit. of
Viscount Barrington's Works, Lon., 1828, 3 vols.)
Barron, Arthur, and Alfred Austin. Reports of
Cases of controverted Elections, Lon., 1844; and Arnold,
T. J., ditto with other matter, Lon., 1845.
Barron, Wm., pub. several works, Edin. and Lon.,
1770-1806. Essays on the Mechanical Principles of the
Plough, Edin., 1775, Svo; Letters on Belles Lettres and
Logic, Lon., 1806, 8vo, 2 vols.
"A valuable work for the student.”—Lowndes.
Barrough, Philip. Method of Physick, containing
the Causes, Signs, and Cures of Inward Diseases in Man's
Body, from Head to Foot, Lon., 1610, '17, '34, '39, 4to.
Barroughby, or Barrowby, W., M.D. Trans. of
the Medical Works of Astruc and others, Lon., 1737-38.
Barrow, Henry. The Pollution of University Learn-
ing, Lon., 1642.
Barrow, Henry. See Barrowes.
Barrow, Humphrey. The Relief of the Poor, and
Advancement of Learning Proposed, Lon., 1656.
Barrow, Isaac, D.D., 1630-1677, an eminent mathe-
matician and divine, was born in the city of London. His
father was linen -draper to Charles I., whom he followed
to Oxford. After the decapitation of his king, he (Tho-
mas Barrow) attended Charles II. in his exile, and con-
tinued with him till the Restoration. His brother, Isaac
Barrow, uncle to the subject of our memoir, was made
Bishop of the Isle of Man. The early youth of Isaac
Barrow was unpromising. At the Charter-House School
he was remarkable for an uncommonly belligerent dispo-
sition, and dealt as hard blows to his schoolfellows as he
afterwards directed at the Supremacy of the Pope. His
father, wearied with the exercise of unavailing discipline,
intimated that the loss of the young warrior would not be
a heart-breaking affair, by expressing the opinion that if
it pleased Providence to remove any of his children, Isaac
could be the best spared from the group. Placed at school
at Felstead in Essex, Isaac suddenly assumed a new cha-
racter;-that of a diligent, persevering student. In 1643
he was admitted a pensioner of Peterhouse, Cambridge,
and two years later entered Trinity College. A Latin
A Latin
oration displeasing some of the Fellows, Dr. Hill, the
master, replied to their complaints, "Barrow is a better
man than any of us." The writings of Lord Bacon, Des
Cartes, Galileo, and other profound philosophers, were
now his favourite study. In 1649 he commenced B.A.;
In 1649 he commenced B.A.;
in 1652 he proceeded M.A.; and in the same year was
incorporated in the same degree at Oxford.
He thought at this time of becoming a physician, and
studied anatomy, botany, and chemistry. Shortly, how-
ever, he resumed the study of divinity. In 1655 he started
on a continental tour. The vessel in which he was a pas-
senger being attacked by an Algerine corsair, Barrow as-
sumed carnal weapons, and fought manfully until the pirate
was driven off. As we have seen he had a strong natural
inclination for hostilities, perhaps he was not sorry for
this opportunity of once more taking up the cudgels in a
lawful combat. This voyage and combat Barrow has re-
corded in a long poetical narrative in hexameter and pen-
tameter verse. At Constantinople he read through the
works of Chrysostom; this city having been the diocese
of the "golden-mouthed" bishop. It was reasonably ex-
pected at the time of the Restoration that Barrow would
have received immediate preferment; but the profligate,
ungrateful monarch, when in the possession of wealth and
power, was too much sunk in sensuality and criminal in-
dolence, to make any exertions for the benefit of those
who had aided him in the day of adversity. The Egyp-
tian butler is the type of too many in this world,—“yet did
he not remember Joseph, but forgat him." It was at this
time that Barrow wrote his celebrated epigram:
"Te magis optavit, rediturum. Carole, nemo,
Et nemo sensit, to redisse minus."
CC Thy restoration, Royal Charles, I see.
By none more wished, by none less felt, than me."
In 1660 he was chosen professor of Greek at Cambridge.
In 1662 he received the appointment of Professor of Geo-
:
His English Theological works collected, first appeared
in 3 vols., folio, in 1685, published under the superintend-
ance of Dr. Tillotson and Abraham Hall; several edits.,
last in 1741. The Opuscula were first published in 1687,
His mathematical works appeared: Euclidis Elemata,
Canfab., 1655; Euclidis Data, Cantab., 1675; Lectiones
Optica, Lon., 1669; Lectiones Geometrica, Lon., 1670;
Archimedis Opera; Apollonii Conicorum, Libri IV.; Theo-
dusii Sphærica, Lon., 1675. The following were published
after his death: Lectio de Sphæra et Cylindro, Lon., 1678;
Lectiones Mathematica, 1783.
The English works were republished at the Clarendon
Press in 1818, 6 vols. Svo; again, Oxford, 8 vols. 8vo. Two
edits. have been pub. with the Opuscula (first printed in
1687) added. The one edited by the Rev. T. S. Hughes, in 7
vols. Svo, omits the greater part of Barrow's learned quo-
tations. The other, edited by the Rev. James Hamilton,
Edin., 1842, 3 vols. 8vo, "is complete and correctly
printed."-Darling's Cyc. Bibl.
Three years later (i. e. in 1845) an excellent edit. was
pub. by Mr. John C. Riker of New York, 3 vols. Svo.
This contains all of the works of Barrow, save his mathe-
matical compositions, which are of little use to the gene-
ral reader. Biographical notices from Hill, Hamilton, &c.
are prefixed, and copious indexes add greatly to the value
of this creditable edition.
Barrow was a man of great wit. His description of
facetiousness has been quoted by Addison, and was consi-
dered by Dr. Johnson the finest thing in the language.
We quote an instance of his ready wit: Meeting the Eari
of Rochester one day, the witty peer exclaimed, "Doctor,
I am yours to the shoe-tie;" to which the clergyman re-
plied, "My lord, I am yours to the ground." The peer
rejoined, "Doctor, I am yours to the centre." "My lord,"
retorted the Doctor, "I am yours to the antipodes." Deter-
mined not to be outdone, his lordship blasphemously added,
"Doctor, I am yours to the lowest pit of hell;" on which
Barrow turned on his heel, and said, "And there, my lord,
I leave you." Here was true wit, and something much
better than wit:-a reproof to a scorner. Of his humanity,
we have the following instance on record:
(6
He
Walking about the premises of a friend in the evening, he
was attacked by a fierce mastiff, which was left unchained at night,
and had not become acquainted with the doctor's person.
struggled with the dog, and threw him down; but when on the
point of strangling him, he reflected that the animal was only
doing his duty in seizing a stranger; for which, therefore, he did
should seize and tear him, he laid himself down on the animal,
not deserve to die. As he durst not loose his hold, lest the dog
and there remained till some one came to his assistance."
130
BAR
BAR
Of the Dr.'s extreme neglect of his personal appearance,
and the consequences resulting therefrom, we have a ludi-
crous story in the Biographia Britannica. He was noted
for the length of his sermons. His Spital Sermon, or the
Duty and Reward of Bounty to the Poor, "took up three
hours and a half in its delivery. When asked at its con-
clusion, if he was not fatigued, he acknowledged that he
began to be weary of standing so long!
C
(
(
6
"We were once going from Salisbury to London, he. Barrow,
In the coach with the Bishop, and I on horseback. As he was en-
tering the coach, I perceived his pockets strutting out near half a
foot, and I said to him, What have you got in your pockets?
He replied, Sermons. Sermons!' said I, 'give them to me; my boy
shall carry them in his portmanteau, and case you of that luggage.'
'But,' said he,suppose your boy should be robbed? That is
pleasant,' I said; 'do you think there are persons padding on the
road for sermons?" 'Why, what have you? said he. It may be
five or six guineas.' I answered. Barrow replied, 'I hold my ser-
mons at a greater rate, for they cost me much pains and time.
'Well then,' said I. if you will secure my five or six guineas
against buy-padders, I will secure your sermons against ecclesiasti-
cal highwaymen.' This was agreed. Ho emptied his pockets, and
filled my portmanteau with his divinity; and we had the good
fortune to come safe to our journey's end, and bring both our trea-
sures to London.”—Pope's Life of Word, p. 143.
When Barrow presented himself with others for exami-
nation, as a candidate for the ministry, he gave the follow-
ing proof of his remarkable readiness. The old prelate
proceeded to satisfy himself in a summary way, of the
candidates' qualifications, "by addressing in turn to each
one, three test questions. Commencing with the first, he
askedQuid est fides?' to which each answered in turn.
Barrow stood last, and when the bishop addressed to him
the question,' Quid est fides?' he received the prompt
reply, Quod non vides.' The Bishop was a scholar,
although age had somewhat benumbed his energy. On
receiving this answer, he raised himself in his chair, and
looking from whence the answer proceeded, gave vent to his
satisfaction in the exclamation Excellente! He then
commenced his second round, interrogating each in turn,
as before Quid est spes to which Barrow promptly
replied, 'Non dum res?' 'Bene, Bene, excellentius!' re-
joined the gratified Bishop, and proceeded to his last ques-
tion, Quid est caritas?" From the others he received
various replies, but when Barrow was addressed, he an-
swered, 'Ah, magister, id est pancitas.' · Eccellentis-
sime!' shouted the good old man, unable to suppress his
delight, aut Erasmus est aut diabolus !”
(
6
6
At the time of his appointment to the Mastership of
Trinity College, influence the most powerful was ready to
further his claims, if necessary.
(
"He was then the King's chaplain in ordinary, and much in
favour with the Duke of Buckingham. then Chancellor of the
University of Cambridge; as also of Gilbert, Lord Archbishop of
Canterbury; both of whom were ready, if there had been any need,
to have given him their assistance to obtain this place.”—Dr. Pope.
"He was in person of the lesser size, and lean; of extraordinary
strength, of a fair and calm complexion, a thin skin, very sensible
of the cold; his eyes grey, clear, and somewhat short-sighted;
his hair of a light auburn, very fine and curling.”
See his friend Abraham Hill's letter to Dr. Tillotson,
dated April 10, 1683. Hill gives Barrow the most exem-
plary character, concluding with,
"All I have said, or can say, is far short of the idea which Dr.
Barrow's friends have formed of him, and that character which he
ought to appear to them who knew him not. Besides all the de
fects on my part, he had in himself this disadvantage, of wanting
foils to augment his lustre, and low places to give eminence to his
heights: such virtues as his, contentment in all conditions, candour
in doubtful cases, moderation among differing parties, knowledge
without ostentation, are subjects fitter for praise than narrative.”
Another intimate friend, Dr. Pope, tells us,
"He was of a healthy constitution. used no exercise or physic,
besides smoking tobacco, in which he was not sparing, saying it
was an instar omnium, or panpharmacm. He was unmercifully
cruel to a lean carcass, not allowing it sufficient meat or sleep.
During the winter months, and some part of the rest. he rose
always before it was light, never being without a tinder-box and
other proper utensils for that purpose. I have frequently known
him, after his first sleep, rise, light, and after burning out his can-
dle, return to bed before day.”
His distinguished friend, Archbishop Tillotson, is not a
whit behind Abraham Hill in his commendation of our
divine:
"Of all the men I ever had the happiness to know, he was the
freest from offending in word, coming as near as is possible for hu-
man frailty to do, to the perfect idea of St. James, his perfect man.”
The names of the two friends are thus beautifully united
¡ by Thomson:
"And for the strength and elegance of Truth,
A Barrow and a Tillotson are thine!"—Apos. to Brit.
"It is one of the regrets of his executor, Hill, that he could
hear of no enemy and calumny from which to vindicate him. .
It made little matter where he dwelt-for if he had not friends
before him he soon could make them, and he always carried good
wishes along with him.”—HAMILTON.
Having thus largely considered the character of this ex-
cellent man, it is proper that we should speak more parti-
cularly than we have yet done of those great works of his
which have ever been ranked among the most remarkable
productions of the human mind.
Montucla, in his Histoire des Mathematiques, An. VII.,
tom. II., p. 88, is full of "admiration" and "enchantment"
when he speaks of the fertility of ideas and the multitude
of new and curious theorems
of new and curious theorems "de ce savant géomètre."
The Treatise on the Pope's Supremacy would of itself have
placed Barrow in the first class of scholars and controver-
This he did not live to publish.
sialists.
The state of his manuscript. preserved in Trinity College Li-
brary, indicates the prodigious pains which he had bestowed upon
it, chiefly in the compilation of authorities. As it is, no one can
open it at any page without being struck by its amazing research.
Yet Barrow was not satisfied with what he had already quoted
Many confirmatory passages were still in his mind, for the inser
tion of which he had left blank spaces at the time. When on his
death-bed he placed the whole in the hands of Dr. Tillotson, say-
ing, I hope it is indifferent perfect, though not altogether as I in-
tended it, if God had granted me longer life.' Had he himself not
indicated those omissions, no one could have detected them."-
HAMILTON.
Archbishop Tillotson observes:
No argument of moment, nay hardly any consideration pro-
mind. He hath said enough to silence the controversy forever,
to it. hath his and comprehensive
and to deter all wise men, of both sides, from meddling any fur-
ther with it."
Hamilton remarks: "What the Archbishop has said
about its arguments is equally true of its testimonies.”
"We can imagine nothing whereunto to liken the glorious work
of Barrow, but the mighty telescope of Herschel-an instrument
which brings up. from the abyss of space, a countless multitude
of luminaries, which hid themselves from the search of unassisted
vision. Even so does the gigantic labour of Barrow call up from the
depths of antiquity a galaxy of witnesses, who pass over our field
of view in perfect order and distinctness, and shed a broad and
steady illumination over the path of the inquirer."-British Critic.
Barrow. not so extensively learned as Taylor, who had read
rather too much, but inferior, perhaps, even in that respect to
hardly any one else, and above him in closeness and strength of
reasoning, combated against Rome in many of his sermons, and
especially in a long treatise on papal supremacy.... The sermons
of Barrow display a strength of mind, a comprehensiveness and
fertility, which have rarely been equalled. No better proof can be
given than his eight sermons on the government of the tongue;
copious and exhaustive, without tautology or superfluous decla-
mation. they are in moral preaching what the best parts of Aris-
totle are in ethical philosophy, with more of development and
more extensive observation. . . . His quotations from ancient phi-
losophers, though not so numerous as in Taylor, are equally un-
congenial to our ears. In his style, notwithstanding its richness
and occasional vivacity, we may censure a redundancy and excess
of apposition: his language is more antiquated and formal than
that of his age: and he abounds too much in uncommon words of
Latin derivation, frequently such as appear to have no authority
but his own. His Latin verse is forcible and full of mind, but not
sufficiently redolent of antiquity."—HALLAM.
Chas. II. used to call Barrow an
i.
Unfair preacher, because he exhausted every topic, and left no
room for any thing new to be said by any one who came after him."
Similar to this is the criticism of Le Clerc :
"Les sermous de cet Auteur sont plutôt des Traités, ou les Dis-
sertationes exactes. que de simples Harangues pour plaire à la
multitude."-Bib. Universelle. tome iii. p. 325.
Dr. Pope, his intimate friend, had anticipated this cri-
tique.
He thought he had not said enough, if he omitted any thing
that belonged to the subject of his discourse; so that his sermors
seemed rather complete treatises, than orations designed to be
spoke in an hour."
Coleridge complains that
"Barrow often debased his language merely to evidence his loy-
alty. It was, indeed, no easy task for a man of so much genius,
and such a precise mathematical mode of thinking, to adopt, even
for a moment, the slang of L'Estrange and Tom Brown; but he
succeeded in doing so sometimes. With the exception of such arts,
Barrow must be considered as closing the first great period of the
English language. Dryden began the second."
We must not forgot the commendation of the Lectiones
Opticæ, conveyed in a letter of James Gregory, the Scot-
tish Mathematician, to John Collins. Several years after
publication, Barrow had heard of only two men who had
given them a careful perusal.-Slusius of Liege, and James
Gregory; the latter thus writes:
"Mr. Barrow in his opticks sheweth himself a most subtile ge
ometer, so that I think him superior to any that ever I looked
upon. I long exceedingly to see his Geometrical Lectures, espe
cially because I have some notions upon that subject by mee. I
entreat you to send them to mee presently, as they come from the
presse, for I esteem the author more than yee can imagine.”
The author informs us that the publication of these Lec-
tures was urged by his pupil, the afterwards illustrious
| Isaac Newton. "D. ISAACUS NEWTON, COLLEGA NOSTER,
PEREGREGLE VIR INDOLIS AC INSIGNIS PERITLE,” had re-
vised the text, and not only suggested some corrections.
but supplied some important additions from his own stero.
131
BAR
BAR
His executor gives us an instance of the ardour with which | Damascus blade with the weight of the Highland clay.
he prosecuted a study once begun; he found written at the
end of his copy of Apollonius-" April 14-Mai 16, Intra
hæc temporis intervalla peractum hoc opus."
..
The school of Hooker. Chillingworth, Mede, and Barrow, is
the school of acute perception and close reasoning. Yet Barrow
was perhaps the most able of the four writers just named; not
only in the systematic division, and masterly elucidation of the
various subjects of which he treats, but in the copiousness of his
ideas and of his language. There is a power and prodigality of
expression in many of Barrow's discourses, as if the writer were
conscious of the inefficiency of his vernacular tongue to convey
precisely the views and bearings of his thesis. His sermon on the
Alimement is one of the most astonishing instances, which present
themselves to my memory, of an eloquence as powerful and per-
suasive as the ideas are original and sublime."-DR. DIBDIN.
Bishop Heber, speaking of Taylor, Hooker, and Barrow,
thus distinguishes them :
··
Of such a triumvirate, who shall settle the pre-eminence? The
first awes most, the second convinces most, the third delights and
persuades most. . . . To Barrow, the praise must be assigned of
the closest and clearest views, and of a taste the most controlled
and chastened."
The Rev. E. Bickersteth adds,
•
"Hooker was more correct in doctrine, Barrow most full in
practical instruction, and Taylor most rich in devotional composi-
tion. . . . The powers of Barrow's mind were of the highest order;
and in his sermons on the passion of Christ, and on his incarna-
tion, we have very able statements of the fundamental truths of
the gospel: and his treatise on the Pope's Supremacy has been
said to be the most valuable on that topic in the English language.
In his sermons on Faith there are some magnificent passages; but
there are others in which we cannot concur, though he distinctly
acknowledges it to be a fruit of the Spirit.. His Sermons on
Industry are admirable as comprehending a very valuable mass
of weighty and important motives for industry in general. and in
our callings as Christians, scholars. and gentlemen. It is a book
which may be read through more than once with much advantage;
almost every topic relating to the subject seems discussed, and al-
most every text quoted. but we see not evangelical motivés fully
developed. In such a sermon as his on the Passion, we are
glad to sit at his feet and learn the very best lessons."
Robt. Hall, in his Review of Gisborne's Sermons, refers
to the
"Extraordinary merits of Barrow, who has cultivated Christian
morals with so universal an applause of the English public. We
admire. as much as it is possible for our readers to admire, the rich
invention, the masculine sense, the exuberantly copious, yet pre-
cise and energetic diction, which distinguish Barrow, who. by a rare
felicity of genius, united in himself the most distinguishing quali-
ties of the mathematician and the orator. We are astonished at
perceiving in the same person. and in the same composition, the
close logic of Aristotle, combined with the amplifying powers of
Plato."
We find an admirable notice of Barrow in Dugald Stew-
art's Prelim. Diss. to the Encycl. Britannica:
"Among the divines who appeared at this era. it is impossible to
pass over in silence the name of Barrow. whose theological works,
(adorned throughout by classical erudition, and by a vigorous,
though unpolished, eloquence,) exhibit, in every page, marks of the
same inventive genius which in mathematics has secured to him
a rank second alone to that of Newton. As a writer, he is equally
distinguished by the redundancy of his matter, and by the pregnant
brevity of his expression; but what more peculiarly characterizes
his manner, is a certain air of powerful and of conscious facility
in the execution of whatever he undertakes. Whether the subject
be mathematical, metaphysical, or theological, he always seems to
bring to it a mind which feels itself superior to the occasion: and
which in contending with the greatest difficulties, puts forth but
half its strength.""
Professor Playfair lauds our author's
"Lectures on Optics, delivered at Cambridge in 1608, which
treated of all the more difficult questions which had occurred in
that state of the science, with the acuteness and depth which are
found in all the writings of that geometer."
.
No man that reads Dr. Barrow on any subject which he has
handled, need rack his invention for topics upon which to speak,
or for arguments to make these topics good."-DR. WOTTON.
"He pushes his inquiries to the very verge or confines of which
they are capable of being pushed; and his works afford a sort of
logical Encyclopedia. He had the clearest head with which ma-
thematics ever endowed an individual, and one of the purest and
most unsophisticated hearts that ever beat."
"Barrow's Sermons are too well known to require description.
For profundity of thought and fertility of invention, for bold and
majestic language, for peculiar beauty and propriety of description,
for great strength of argument, and ingenious and sprightly ex-
pression, they are perhaps unrivalled in the English language, or
in any other."
"Dr. Barrow's Sermons are master-pieces of the kind."-LOCKE.
Bishop Warburton remarked that "in reading Barrow,
he was obliged to think." The great Earl of Chatham,
when in early life qualifying himself for public speaking,
read Barrow's Sermons again and again, till he could recite
many of them memoriter. He recommended his son, the
younger Pitt, to study them frequently and deeply. It
was probably the example of these great men which caused
the late Daniel Webster, one of the most prominent of
American statesmen, to be so frequent a reader of these
extraordinary specimens of reasoning, eloquence, profun-
dity, and perspicuity; combining the keenness of the
more.
We do not wonder that infidelity was put to rout, and
the enemy abashed by the public exposure of the worthless-
ness of the armour wherein he trusted.
In Barrow we shall remark the deliberate species of eloquence
existing in the highest force. . . . If we look for a manly and for-
vid eloquence, for a mighty and sustained power, kept under con-
trol by the severest logic, for a peculiar quality of mastery and
vigour to which all tasks appear equally easy, we may point with
pride to the writings of Barrow. He is an admirable specimen of
a class of men who fortunately for the political, the literary, and
the theological glory of England, have adorned her two great seats
of learning, Oxford and Cambridge, at almost every period of her
history. Possessed of vast, solid, and diversified learning, with
practice and experience in the affairs of real life corrected and ren-
dered philosophical by retirement and meditation, with the intenso
and concentrated industry of the monk, guided by the sense of
utility of the man of the world, these vigorous scholars seem pe-
culiarly adapted by Providence to become firm and majestic pillars
of such an ecclesiastical establishment as the Church of England.
· Blessed is she'—we may venture to apply the words of Scripture
—for she has her quiver full of them.""-Prof. Shaw's Outlines of
English Literature.
"He once uttered a most memorable observation, which charte
terizes both the intellectual and moral constitution of his mind-
would that it could be engraven on the mind of every youth, as
his guide through life—' A STRAIGHT LINE IS THE SHORTEST IN MORALS
AS WELL AS IN GEOMETRY.'"-Cleveland's Comp, of Eng. Lit.
In an article in the Quarterly Review, vol. xxix., on
Pulpit Eloquence, we have a very satisfactory explanation
of the exhaustive character of Barrow's Sermons, which
was referred to by Chas. II. when he called him an "unfair
preacher."
At the Restoration, men's minds were weary of religious, as
well as civil, turbulence; the country had been so long distracted
by the multiplicity of sects, all equally fierce and intolerant, that
repose was the prevailing wish of almost all parties. There was
wanted. therefore, a writer. who, as it were, once for all, should search
every question to the bottom with laborious impartiality; who
should lay it in all its possible bearings before the understanding;
who should not merely confute every error, but trace it to its ori-
gin, and detect its secret operation on the mind; who should, in
short. exhaust as it were, theology. Such a preacher was Barrow.
Endowed with an acuteness which could penetrate every subject,
with a nicety and precision of definition more nearly approaching
than any other modern, except perhaps Bacon, to Aristotle; with
a copiousness and variety of language, which enabled him to con-
vey to the mind with the utmost perspicuity the most minute dif
ferences; Barrow added to all this some of the yet unextinguished
warmth which had animated his predecessors, and is occasionally
glowing, vehement, impassioned.”
The following eloquent eulogium on our author is from
the same able periodical:
"Never may the English student of theology be weary of the
study of Barrow! The greatest man of our church-the express
image of her doctrines and spirit-the model. (we do not hesitate
to say it,) without a fault-a perfect master of the art of reasoning,
yet aware of the limits to which reason should be confined, now
wielding it with the authority of an angel, and now again stooping
it before the deep things of God with the humility of a child-
alike removed from the Puritan of his own generation, and the
Rationalist of the generation which succeeded him—no precisian,
no latitudinarian: full of faith, yet free from superstition. a stead-
fast believer in a particular Providence, in the efficacy of human
prayers. in the active influence of God's Spirit, but without one
touch of the visionary:-Conscious of the deep corruption of our
nature. though still thinking he could discover in it some traces
of God's image in ruins, and under a lively sense of the conse-
quences of this corruption, casting himself altogether upon God's
mercy through the sufferings of a Saviour for the consummation
of that day which he desired with a strong desire to attain unto,
when, his mind purged, and his eye clear, he should be permitted
to behold and understand without the labour and intervention of
slow and successive thought, not this our system alone, but more
and more excellent things than this.'"
•
We have devoted more space than we intended to the
works of this great man. But which of our readers will
blame us? Exalted as is our theme, it stands not upon its
own merits alone. Great as is the name of Barrow, it is
as but one of the lesser genii who announces the coming
of one far mightier, before whom all subordinate powers
bow in lowly reverence. Barrow was the most conspicuous
star that had arisen in that twilight dawning which pre-
ceded the full burst of a new day of scientific truth; but
as the brightest star must pale before the glory of the sun
when he "goeth forth in his strength," so must the fame
of Barrow give place to the mighty name of NEWTON.
·
In imagination we are carried some two centuries back,
and in the classical halls of Trinity College we bebold, in
studious converse, a tutor who softens the austerity of in-
struction with the benignity of parental interest, and a
pale-faced youth, whose ductile mind gladly receives those
seeds of knowledge, which, by the richness of its soil, it shall
shortly reproduce, augmented a hundred fold. Yes! here is
the "Isaac Newton of our college," as Barrow affectionately
styles him;-" peregregiæ vir indolis ac insignis peritiæ."
Thou hast read him well, philosopher! Thy master is
132
BAR
BAR
before thee in that modest tyro, who now drinks in every
accent of thy words of wisdom. Thy place shall be given
to one greater than thou; yet shalt thou be highly exalted
in the noble office of making known to a perishing world
the glad tidings of eternal life, through the proclamation
of the everlasting gospel. The scholar assumed the ma-
thematical chair, when his master, who had resigned it in
his favour, ascended the pulpit. Between such men, the
idea of rivalry is out of place. They laboured for one
end, they advanced the same cause, though in different
departments of the Master's vineyard.
The distinguished tutor and his illustrious pupil, ISAAC
NEWTON and ISAAC BARROW, the philosopher-divine and
the divine-philosopher, the one from the scientific chair,
and the other from the sacred desk, served their genera-
tion as chosen expositors of the ways of Providence and
the revelation of His word; and their recorded teachings
shall, to remotest times and as yet unpeopled regions, de-
clare the "wonderful works of God!"
Barrow, James.
James. A Poem on the Peace between
Great Britain and France, Lon., 1802, 4to.
Barrow, John. Visitation Sermon, 1683, 4to.
Barrow, John. New Medicinal Dictionary, con-
taining an Explanation of all the Terms used in Physic,
&c., Lon., 1749, 8vo. New Essay of the Practice of Phy-
sic, Lon., 1767.
Barrow, John. Navigatio Britannica, or a complete
System of Navigation in all its Branches, Lon., 1750, 4to.
In this performance. the author, from a few self-evident prin-
ciples, and in a methodical and perspicuous manner, leads the
learner, as it were, by the hand, thro' a gradual ascent. till he be
comes a complete master both of the theory and practice of the
whole art."-Løn. Monthly Review.
A New and Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences,
Lon., 1753, folio. A Supplement, 1755, fol. A Collection
of Authentic, Useful, and Entertaining Voyages and
Discoveries, digested in a Chronological Series, 1675, 3
vols. 12mo.; the first edit. of this was pub. anonymously
in 1756, and was entitled A Chronological Abridgement,
or History of Discoveries made by Europeans in different
parts of the World. The 2d edit. was much enlarged,
and succeeded so well that Targe pub. a translation in
French, in the next year, at Paris, in 12 vols.
Barrow, Sir John, 1764-1848, distinguished him-
self by his scientific acquirements and his valuable
accounts of Travels and Voyages. As private secretary
to Sir George Staunton, who accompanied the Earl of
Macartney in his expedition to China, and as under-
secretary to the Admiralty, he enjoyed peculiar advantages
for personal observation and access to the recorded expe-
rience of others. Parry and Franklin have been much
indebted to the suggestions of Sir John Barrow, and most
of the scientific expeditions that have been undertaken by
England for the last twenty years have been referred to
Sir John for approval. His work on Cochin China has
been translated (!) into French by Malte Brun. De
Guignes wrote a treatise on one of his works, entitled Ob-
servations sur les voyages de Barrow à la Chine. See
Georgian Era. A work on Mathematical Drawing Instru-
ments, Lon., 1790. Account of Travels into the Interior
of Southern Africa in the years 1797 and 1798, Lon., 4to,
2 vols., 1801-04; 2d ed., 1806.
"Very few writers of travels have possessed such a variety and
extent of information, both political and scientific. as Mr. Barrow:
hence these volumes are acceptable and instructive to all classes
of readers, and have attained a celebrity not greater than they de-
serve."-STEVENSON,
Travels in China, 4to, Lon. 1804: 2d edit., 1806.
"The most valuable and interesting account of the Chinese na-
tion that has been yet laid before the public."-Edinburgh Review.
A Voyage to Cochin China in the years 1792 and 1793:
to which is annexed an Account of a Journey made in
the years 1801 and 1802 to the residence of the Chief of
the Booshuana Nation, 4to, Lon., 1806.
** Perhaps the most valuable of all Mr. Barrow's travels, as it
relates to à country not previously known, except by the account
of the missionaries. . . . In 1809. a pretended French translation
by Malte Brun appeared, in which the text of Barrow was com-
pletely perverted and corrupted.”—LOWNDES.
Some Account of the Public Life, and a Selection from
the unpublished Writings, of the Earl of Macartney, &c.,
This work should accompany
2 vols. 4to, Lon, 1807.
Sir George Staunton's account of his Lordship's embassy
to China.
"The short sketch relating to Russia contains more information
than is to be met with in many 4to volumes.”—Quarterly Reviero.
Chronological History of Voyages into the Polar Re-
gions, &c., 8vo, Lon., 1818.
His most elaborate work is An Historical Account of Voyages
Into the Arctic Regions, for which his situation as uuder-secretary
|
to the Admiralty and his own extensive geographical information
well fitted him."-Georgian Era.
Life of Lord Howe, Admiral of the British Fleet,
chiefly compiled from Original and unpublished Docu-
ments, 8vo, 1838.
"An admirable piece of biography, which should be perused by
every Englishman glowing with the love of his country, and be
placed in the hands of every youth destined for the naval profes
sion. There had previously been no even tolerable life of this
great hero of the glorious first of June. The new materials at
during all the time his flag was up-upwards of four hundred let
the disposal of Sir John Barrow, consisted of Earl Howe's journal,
ters in his own hand-writing, and many addressed to him by royal
and official persons, as well as by bis private friends; and, as may
be supposed, the author's station and long experience as Secretary
of the Admiralty have opened for him all our Government depo
sitories, and qualified him to make an excellent use of whatever
these or other sources afforded him."-Lom. Quarterly Review.
“We conceive that this work is calculated, in many respects, to
do more good as a manual in the hands of our rising young off-
cers. than even Southey's Life of Nelson.”—Edinburgh Review.
Life of Lord Anson, Admiral of the British Flect, in-
cluding an Outline of his Voyage Round the World, com-
piled from Official Documents and the Family Papers,
Svo, Lon., 1839.
"That Anson's Life and memorable Voyages should be illus
of so many similar undertakings, is every way fitting: and we
trated by one who has superintended the equipment and progress
therefore congratulate the public on this acceptable publication.
We have often looked anxiously for a life of Anson: particularly
as we know that amongst officers of the navy, this blank in their
professional literature was much lamented. It is a piece of good
fallen into the hands of one so pre-eminently competent as well
fortune both to the service and the country, that the task has
by his position as by his scientific knowledge and literary talents."
-Elinburgh Revino.
Dibdin in the Library Companion remarks, referring to
plished, it is to be regretted that we are not in possession
Anson, "considering what he saw, and what he accom-
of a more perfect record of his achievements."
This work is exactly what was required.
"The Appendix (64 pages) on the present state of the navies of
Great Britain, France, Russia, America, &c.. and on the manning
and health of the navy, is a very important document, and will be
read with immediate and infinite interest.”—Literary Gazette.
The Life, Voyages, and Exploits of Admiral Sir Francis
Drake, Knt., p. 400: 2d edit. abridged. p. 200. Reprinted
in Murray's Colonial Library. Autobiographical Memoir.
Memoirs of Naval Worthies. Mutiny of the Bounty.
Sketches of the Royal Society and its Club.
Autobiography of Sir John Barrow, Bart., late of the
Admiralty, Svo, 1847.
“Sir John Barrow undertakes his task in a manner which must
cet every reader at ease. Possessing-not idly boasting—a mens
sana in corpore sano-bearing testimony, throughout his narra-
tive. to the honourable and healthy influences of work. and to the
certainty with which energy and self-improvement will advance
the fortunes of one lowly born-we have rarely looked into a re-
cord of eighty years which chronicles so much of prosperity and
lay in the most interesting and varied hemisphere of the official
happiness. Nor can we forget that Sir John Barrow's public career
world. In short, here is another pleasant English book to be
added to the Englishman's library.”—Athenæum.
Barrow, John, Jr., son of the preceding. Excur-
sions in the North of Europe, &c., Svo, Lon., 1835.
"If the work were less meritorious than it is, we should still
have applauded the spirit of the undertaking: but. in fact, the
execution is fully equal to the purpose. and we have seldom read
a more amusing narrative. Nothing is barren to this inquisitive
and candid traveller.”—Quarterly Review.
Visit to Iceland, by way of Tronyem, in the summer of
1834, Lon., Svo, 1835.
"We found Mr. Barrow's former journal (Excursion to the North
of Europe) so pleasant, and, compared with the writings of travel-
lers on the beaten high road of the Continent, so fresh, that we
were glad to receive his Visit to Iceland. and think it quite as
The book is, on the whole. a manly and pleasant one, and we hope
interesting, and fully as unaffected in style as its predecessor.
Mr. Barrow will not give up his summer rambles."-Lon. Athenarum.
Tour round Ireland in the Autumn of 1835, Lon., Svo,
1836. Tour in Austrian Lombardy, Bavaria, &c., p. 8vo,
1840. Memoir of his Father, Sir John Barrow.
"Mr. Barrow's volume is shrewd and lively: his eyes are sharp,
and what he sees he never fails to place in a clear and entertain-
ing manner before us."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
For many
Barrow, John H., d. 1858. 1. Mirror of Parlia-
ment. 2. Emir Maleck, and other works.
years connected with the London press.
Barrow, S. Religious School-Books, Lon., 1812, '13.
Barrow, William, b. about 1754, d. 1836, studied at
Queen's College, Oxford. He delivered the Bampton Lec-
tures for 1799; when published in a volume, they met with
a rapid sale. An Essay on Education, 12mo, Lon., 1802.
Sermons
Two large editions were sold in a few years.
pub. at various dates. After retiring from the duties of a
school, of which he had charge for 17 years,
"He divided his time between his books, to which he always re-
133
BAR
BAR
fained a strong attachment, and the conversation and society of
his friends, to whom his visits were always acceptable; not declin-
Ing, however, to give gratuitous assistance to his clerical friends in
the duties of his profession, or to preach occasional sermons, of
which many were published at the request of the audiences to
which they were respectively addressed.”—Lon. Gent. Mag.
The Familiar Sermons on several of the Doctrines and
Duties of the Christian Religion, (Lon., 1818,) were pub.
with the avowed design of presenting the junior clergy
with models of pulpit composition.
Barrowes, or Barrowe, Henry, a Brownist, was
executed at Tyburn with John Greenwood, April 6, 1592,
being found guilty under an indictment (statute 23 Eliz.)
"for writing and publishing sundry seditious books and
pamphlets tending to the slander of the queen and govern-
ment." See Brook's Lives of the Puritans. He wrote
1. A Brief Discoverie of the False Church; as is the Mother In 1198 Peter de Leia, preferred by the choice of Henry II.
such the Daughter is, Lon., 1590, 4to; containing 263 pages. to the bishopric of St. David's, in place of Giraldus, was
Reprinted in 1707. 2. Platform, which may serve as a Pre-removed by death, and again Giraldus was elected, but the
parative to drive away Prelatism, 1593, Svo. A copy of Archbishop of Canterbury refused to accept the nomina-
this rare work is in the British Museum.
tion. The chapter again elected him, and Giraldus visited
Rome to plead on their behalf. The pope decided against
the bishop-elect in 1203, and Geoffrey de Henlawe was
elected Bishop of St. David's. Thus disappointed, he re-
nounced all ambitious hopes, and devoted himself to lite-
rary composition. When overtures were made to him in
1215 to accept of the again vacant see of St. David's, he
judged it best under the circumstances of the case to de-
cline all advances. He finished two of his most important
works, De Principis Instructione, and the Speculum Eccle-
siæ, in 1210, in which year he also revised a second edition
of the dialogues of the church of St. David's. Tanner
quotes a document which states that in 1223 the church
of Chesterton in Oxfordshire was vacant "by the death
of Master G. de Barri," from which we presume this to
have been the date of his death. Giraldus was undoubt
Barrs, George. Sketch rel. to Church of Rowley
Regis, 1813.
Barry, Lord Yelverton. Speech in House of Lords
on Union between Gr. Britain and Ireland, 1800.
Barry, Earl Farnham. Exam. of a Speech by
Lord Minto, &c., 1800.
Barry, Sir David, M.D., 1780-1835. Researches on
the Influence exercised by Atmospheric Pressure upon the
Progression of the Blood in the Veins, upon the function
called Absorption, and upon the Prevention and Cure of
the symptoms caused by the Bites of Rabid or Venomous
Animals, Lon., 1826.
edly one of the brightest ornaments of his age.
"Noble in his birth, and comely in his person; mild in his man
ners, and affable in his conversation; zealous, active, and un
daunted in maintaining the rights and dignities of his church
moral in his character, and orthodox in his principles; charitable
Barry, Sir Edward, M.D., d. 1776, studied at Ley- and disinterested, though ambitious; learned, though supersti
was Giraldus. And, in whatever point of we exa
den, under Boerhaave. Treatise on Consumption of the mine the character of this extraordinary man, whether as a scho
Lungs, Dub., 1726; Lon., 1727, Svo. On Digestions, Dis-lar, a patriot, or a divine, we may justly consider him as one of
charges, &c., Lon., 1759. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1732–44. the brightest luminaries that adorned the annals of the twelfth
On the Wines of the Ancients, &c., Lon., 1775.
century."
"The substance of this work will be found in Dr. Alex. Hender-
son's History of Wines."-LOWNDES.
But Mr. Lowndes should have stated that Dr. Barry's
was a prior publication. Henderson's History was pub.
in 1824.
"Without admitting all the inferences drawn by Dr. Barry upon
this subject, the work must be allowed to be very important, and
to display great ability on the part of the author. It excited con-
siderable interest both at home and abroad.”
Barry, Edward, M.D., D.D., b. about 1759, d. 1822,
studied at the University of St. Andrews. He pub. a num-
ber of works on medicine, law, divinity, and politics, Lon.,
1783-1809.
Barry, Garret. Discourse of Military Discipline de-
vided into three Boockes, Bruxelles, 1634, sm. fol.
This singular and extremely curious work is not noticed by
Grose in his history of the English Army.”—LOWNDES.
Barry, George, 1747-1804, was minister of the parish
of Shapinshay. He was a contributor to Sir John Sin-
clair's Statistical Account of Scotland, Edin., 1792-99, Svo.
He devoted several years to collecting materials for a civil
and natural history of the 67 Islands of Orkney, and in
1895 pub. The History of the Orkney Islands, &c., Edin.
and Lon., 4to.
"No inconsiderable interest is certainly imparted to the con-
tents of this volume, by the remoteness of the Orkneys, the little
intercourse which they hold with the central parts of the empire,
the incidents of a foreign population, their long connection with
another state. their subsequent incorporation with the crown of
Scotland, and the differences of their manners, laws, and usages."
-Lon. Monthly Review.
Barry, Girald, usually called Giraldus Cam-
brensis, or Girald of Wales, was born about 1146,
and is supposed to have died about the year 1223. His
father, William de Barri, was a powerful Norman baron, |
his mother was a descendant of the princes of South Wales.
His education was completed at the University of Paris,
where he studied for three years, and proved his natural
genius and assiduity in study by his famous lectures on
rhetoric and polite literature. Returning to England in
1172, he entered into holy orders, and obtained several
benefices in England and Wales. Upon the death of his |
uncle, David Fitz-Gerald, Bishop of St. David's, who had
directed his early studies, the chapter mado choice of Gi-
raldus as his successor; but the opposition of King Henry
II. prevented this promotion. Hereupon Giraldus, in 1176,
returned to Paris, and renewed his studies in theology,
and in the civil and canon law, paying especial attention
to the decretals, or papal constitutions. In 1180 he again
visited England, and in 1185, whilst acting as secretary
and privy counsellor to Prince (afterwards King) John,
who was at this time in Ireland, he commenced collecting
the materials for his Topographia Iliberniæ, which he
completed in 1187. In this year he read this work, the
three books, on three successive days, before a public audi-
ence at Oxford. Knowing that men are accessible in other
ways than through love of letters, he gave sumptuous
entertainments one day to the poor of the town, the second
day to the doctors and scholars of celebrity, and the third
day to the scholars of lower rank, the soldiers, townsmen,
and burgesses.
1
Giraldus is not at all too modest to inform us of his uni-
form success as a disputant, and of the marvellous effects
of his cloquence. So great he assures us was the latter,
that those who were ignorant of the Latin or French, in
which he addressed them, were still moved to tears by his
orations!
So writes Sir Richard Colt Hoare, who, in 1806, pub. iz
two splendid quarto volumes, the Itinerary of Archbishop
Baldwin through Wales, A. D. 1188, by Giraldus de Barri
translated into English, and illustrated with views, anno.
tations, and a life of Giraldus.
Giraldus was a voluminous author: his own list con
sists of
1. The Chronography and Cosmography in Latin hexa-
meters and pentameters. Not known to be in existence.
2. The Topographia Hiberniæ, in 3 books, printed Franc-
fort, 1602, and in Holinshed. 3. The Expugnatio Hiber-
niæ, sive Historia Vaticinalis; an Account of the Norman
Conquest of Ireland, being a sequel to the preceding work.
"The many invectives contained in it against Ireland, and the
natives of it, the fables with which it abounded, and the gross
errors through the whole, alarmed many of the Irish, and set their
pens a-going."
Archbishop Usher's opinion is highly favourable :
"Virum Antiquitatum, non IIiberniæ solum suæ, sed aliarum
etiam gentium scientissimum."
4. Legends of Saints. Some of these lives have been
printed in Wharton's Anglia Sacra. 5. The Life of Geof-
frey, Archbishop of York. Printed by Wharton. Com-
piled in 1193. 6. Symbolum Electorum. Not printed.
7. Liber Invectionum. 8. Speculum duorum commonitorum
et consolatorium. Both of these books are supposed to be lost.
9. Gemma Ecclesiastica. 10. The Itinerary of Cambria.
11. The Topographia Cambriæ, in 2 books. The 1st only
was printed in the earliest editions. The 2d was first
printed in the Anglia Sacra. 12. De Fidei Fructu fideli-
que Defectu; which is lost. 13. De Principis Instruc-
tione. 14. De Gestis Giraldi Laboriosis. 15. De Jure et
Statu Menevensis ecclesiæ.
The above (from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.) complete
Giraldus's own list; but the Speculum Ecclesiæ, one of his
latest and most remarkable productions, must be added.
Barry, J. M., M.D. The Cow-Pox, Cork, 1800.
Barry, James, Lord of Santry, 1598-1673. Tho
Case of Tenures, &c., Dubl., 1637, fol.; repr. 1725, 12mo.
Barry, James, 1741-1806, a distinguished painter,
b. at Cork. He pub. a number of profess. works, 1775..
98, which were collected and pub. in 2 vols. 4to, 1809,
Lon.; Life prefixed. In early life Barry was enabled te
study his art in Italy, through the bounty of that orna
134
BAR
BAR
|
ment to human nature, Edmund Burke. See Barry's Let-
ters to Burke, in the "Correspondence" of the latter.
Barry, M. J., and W. Keogh. A Treatise on the
Practice of the High Court of Chaucery in Ireland, Dubl.,
1841, 8vo.
"It is the condensation of the works of Daniell, Mitford, Story,
Harrison, and Hare upon the subject of Equity Pleading and
Practice adapted to the Irish Equity Rules and Decisions. The
authors have written their work with a constant reference to the
best authorities; and it will be consulted with advantage by every
Equity lawyer.”—Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Bartlett, John Russell, h. Oct. 23, 1805, at Provi-
"Of the leonine kind, and sufficiently barbarous."-DR. IRVING.
Barston, John. Safeguarde of Societie, Lon., 1576.
Bartell, Ed., Jr. Town of Cromer, 1800. Hints, 1804.
Barter, Charles. Sermon, 1806.
Barthlet, J. Pedegrewe of Pop. Heretiques, Lon., 1566.
Bartholomæus, Bishop of Exeter, d. about 1187, is
honourably mentioned by Giraldus Cambrensis as one of
the great luminaries of his country. His best-known work
is a Penitential: a compilation from similar works, and
the canons and constitutions of the Church. Among his
other works were Dialogues against the Jews, (in MS. in
the Bodleian Library,) and, according to Leland, a treatise
De Prædestinatione et Libero Arbitrio. Bale and Pits
ascribe several other works to this author. See Bale,
Pits, and Biog. Brit. Lit.
Barry, Thos. Monsipi Indians, 1797-1800.
Barry, Thos. de, a Scottish poet, flourished about
1390. He was a canon of Glasgow, and the first provost
of Bothwell. He was the author of a Latin poem in ho-
nour of the battle of Otterbourne. See Extracts in For-dence, R.I., a merchant; from 1850-53, Commissioner on
Zun's Scoti-Chronicon, by Bower, lib. xiv. cap. 54.
the part of the U.S. for running the Mexican boundary-
line. Progress of Ethnology: an Account of Recent
Archæological, Philological, and Geographical Researches
tending to elucidate the Physical History of Man, N.Y.,
1847, 8vo. Reminiscences of Albert Gallatin, N.Y., 1849.
Dictionary of Americanisms: a Glossary of Words and
Phrases usually regarded as peculiar to the United States,
N.Y., 1848, 8vo, pp. 412; new ed., 1858. Personal Nar-
rative of Explorations and Incidents in Texas, New
Mexico, California, Sonora, and Chihuahua, connected
with the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission
in the Years 1850, '51, '52, '53, N.Y., 1854, 2 vols. Svo.
Bartholomæus Anglicus, or Glanvil, flourished
about 1360. He was of the family of the Earls of Suffolk,
and by profession a Franciscan monk. He pursued his
studies at Oxford, Paris, and Rome, paying especial atten-
tion to the writings of Aristotle, Plato, and Pliny. The
result of his learned investigations (besides articles of less
note) was his celebrated work in Latin, De Proprietatibus
Rerum, which is composed of 19 dissertations, upon the
Supreme Being, angels, devils, the soul, the body, animals,
&c. In some copies there is an additional book not of his
composition. Glanvil was largely indebted to the Specu-
lum Naturale of Beauvais. This work was very popular,
and translations were made into the English, French,
Dutch, and Spanish languages. For an account of the
various editions and for other works of this author, see
Bale, Tanner, Brunet, Watt, Lowndes, &c. John Trevisa's
translation into English is the most splendid production of
the press of Wynkyn de Worde, (sine anno.) A copy was
sold at the White Knight's sale (1778) for £53 11.; Al-
chorne, (158.) imperfect, £13 138.; Roxburghe, (1569,) two
leaves wanting, £70 78. The next edition was printed in
1535, fol., and the 3d and last ed. in 1582, fol.
mouth Coll., 1839; Transylvania Univ., Ky., 1841; Univ.
Md., 1844, and again at Trans. Univ., 1846; Louisville in
1849; in Univ. of New York, 1850; and in 1851 in the
N.Y. Coll. of Physicians and Surgeons, which position he
held until his death. 1. Inquiry into the Certainty of
Medicines. 2. Philosophy of Medicines, Svo. 3. Fevers
of the U.S., 8vo; other medical works. 4. A vol. of Poems
entitled Simple Settings in Verse for Portraits and Pic-
tures from Mr. Dickens's Gallery, 1855.
Bartlett, J. Discases of Horses, &c., Lon., 1754, '58, '64.
Bartlett, John. A Collection of Familiar Quota-
tions, Cambridge, Mass., 1855; 3d ed., with Supp., 1858,
12mo.
Bartholomew, Mrs. Annie E., b. at Sodon, Nor-
folk, Eng., during the early part of the present century.
The Songs of Azrael: a vol. of Poems. The Ring, or the
Farmer's Daughter; a Play, 1829. It's Only My Aunt;
a Farce, 1849.
Bartholomew, John. Fall of the French Monarchy,
"This work of Mr. Bartlett is replete with interest from the
manner in which he has jotted down his observations. The style
is simple and unpretending, and all the more graphic and attractive
on that account. The incidents-many exciting, some amusing.
others humorous, and all entertaining-evidently were recorded
while they were fresh in the mind of the author; and in the same
fresh way they will reach the mind of the reader.”—N.Y. Knicker-
bocker, July, 1854.
Official Despatches and Correspondence connected wita
the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission,-
Senate Document No. 119, 31st Congress, 1st Session.
Bartlett, Joseph, 1763-1827, grad. at Harvard,
1782. In 1799 he delivered a poem on Physiognomy be-
fore the Phi Beta Kappa Soc. of Harvard. An ed. of his
poems was pub. at Boston, 1823, and dedicated to John
Quincy Adams; appended to whien were a number of
Aphorisms on Men, Manners, Principles, and Things.
|
Bartlett, Josiah, M.D., 1759-1820, b. in Charles-
town, Mass. Progress of Medical Science in Mass., 1810.
History of Charlestown, 1814. Address to Free Masons,
1797. Oration on Death of Dr. John Warren, 1815.
Bartlett, William Henry, 1809-1854, a native of
Kentish Town, the most eminent pupil educated by John
Britton, the architectural antiquary, travelled extensively
through Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, and gave
many graphic illustrations of the results of his investiga-
tions. In addition to nearly one thousand miscellaneous
plates engraved from his drawings made in Switzerland,
Scotland, &c., he pub. the following volumes. 1. American
Scenery, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. 4to: literary department by
N. P. Willis. 2. Beauties of the Bosphorus, 1840, 4to:
descriptions by Miss Pardoe. 3. Scenery and Antiquities
of Ireland, 1842, 2 vols. 4to: the literary portion by N. P.
Willis. 4. Walks in and about Jerusalem, 1845, r. 8vo;
4th ed., 1852, r. Svo. 5. Topography of Jerusalem, 1845.
6. Forty Days in the Desert: Cairo to Mount Sinai,
1848, r. Svo; 5th ed., 1853, r. Svo. 7. The Nile Boat; or,
Glimpses of the Land of Egypt, 1849, sup. r. 8vo; 2d ed.,
1852, sup. r. Svo. S. Pictorial Gleanings on the Overland
Route, 1850, r. Svo; 2d ed., 1851, r. Svo. 9. Scriptural
Sites and Scenes, 1851, p. 8vo. 10. Footsteps of our Lord
and his Apostles, 1851, r. Svo; 4th ed., 1856, r. Svo. 11.
Pictures from Sicily, 1852, r. Svo. 12. The Pilgrim
Fathers, 1853, r. 8vo. 13. Jerusalem Revisited, 1854,
r. Svo. See A Brief Memoir of the late William Henry
Bartlett, by William Beattic, M.D., author of Switzerland
Illustrated, &c., [and the friend and fellow-traveller o.
Mr. Bartlett,] 1855, sm. 4to, pp. 52. See a review of this
volume in Lon. Gent. Mag., Nov. 1855, 511, and a bio-
graphical notice of Mr. Bartlett in the same periodical,
Feb. 1855, 212. See also BEATTIE, WILLIAM, M.D.
|
!
Bartlett, m. H. C., b. 1804, Lancaster co., Penna.
Elementary Treatise on Optics, 1839. Svo. Treatise on
Synthetic Mechanics, in Elements of Nat. Phil.; 2d ed.,
1851. Analytical Mechanics; 2d ed., 1854. Treatise on
Acoustics and Optics, 1852, Svo. Treatise on Spherical
Astronomy, 1855, Svo. Contrib. Silliman's Journal, Phi-
losophical Society of Phila., &c.
1794.
Bartholomew, Wm. Sermon on Proclaiming King
Charles II., Luke xi. 21, 22, 1860, 4to.
Bartlet, Richard. Serm., John xii. 13, Lon., 1655.
Bartlet, Wm. Congregational Way, Lon., 1647.
Bartlet, Wm. Sermons, 1714–18.
Bartlet, William S., A.M., b. 1809, at Newburyport,
Mass., Rector of St. Luke's Church, Chelsea, Mass. The
Frontier Missionary: a Memoir of the Life of the Rev.
Jacob Bailey, A.M., forming the 2d vol. of the collections
of the Prot. Epis. Hist. Soc., Bost., 1853, Svo. Highly
commended in the Chris. Exam., N. Amer. Rev., &c.
Bartlett, Benj., 1714-1787, a writer on numismatics
and topography. The Episcopal Coins of Durham and
the Monastic Coins of Reading, minted during the Reigns
of Edward I., II., and III., appropriated to their respec-
tive owners; Archæol., v. 335, 1779. On the Episcopal
On the Episcopal
Coins of Durham, Newcastle, 1817: 105 copies printed.
Episcopal Coins of Durham and Monastic Coins of Read-
ing; Darlington. Manduessedum Romanorum, [Manches-
ter,] Lon., 1791. This is the first portion of the continua-
tion of the Biblioth. Topog. Brit. Mr. Bartlett formed a
valuable collection of coins, &c.
Bartlett, David W., b. 1828. What I Saw in Lon-
What I Saw in Lon-
don. Life of Lady Jane Grey. Life of Frank Pierce.
Pen-Portraits of Modern Agitators, &c.
Bartlett, Elisha, M.D., 1805-1855, b. Smithfield,
R.L; grad. Med. Dept. Brown Univ., 1826; Prof. in Dart- |
I
Bartley, Neh. Conversion of Pasture Lands into
Tillage, &c., Lon., 1802, Svo. Letters on Clothing Wool,
1802, Svo.
135
BAR
BAR
A
Bartley, O. W Vaccination, Bristol, 1810.
Treatise on Forensic Medicine, Bristol, 1815.
1810 he obtained a clerkship in the Messrs. Alexander's
bank at Woodbridge, which situation he held for the rest
of his life. At one time ho thought of resigning his post
and devoting himself entirely to literature; but his friend
Charles Lamb interposed a timely remonstrance.
Mr. Barton's first volume of poems was pub. in 1811
He wrote much,-his poems filling eight or nine volumes.
His Household Verses, a collection of his fugitive pieces,
pub. in 1845,
pub. in 1845, “contain more of his personal feelings than
perhaps any previous work of his pen." Mr. Barton was
remarkable for great amiability of manners, extensive in-
formation, and a refined tasto in the arts. Of tho English
drama his knowledge, as may be supposed, was limited:
“I am amused with your knowledge of our drama being con-
fined to Shakspeare and Miss Baillie. What a world of fine terri-
tory between Land's End and Johnny Groat's have you missed
traversing! I could almost envy you to have so much to read.
Oh, to forget Fielding. Steele, &c., and read 'em new?”—Charles
Lamb te B. B., Dec. 1822.
Bartol, Cyrus Augustus, b. 1813, Freeport, Maine;
grad. Bowdoin Coll., 1832; at Harvard Divinity School,
1835. 1. Sermons on the Christian Spirit and Life, 12mo.
2. Sermons on the Christian Body and Form, 12mo. 3.
Pictures of Europe, 12mo: see Lon. Athenæum, No. 1473,
Jan. 19, 1856. 4. West Church and its Ministers. 5.
Church and Congregations: a Plea for their Unity, 1858:
see N. A. Rev., July, 1858. 6. Grains of Gold: a Selection
from his writings. Contrib. to Chris. Exam., N. A. Rev., &c.
Barton. Italian Grammar, Lon., 1719.
Barton, Benjamin Smith, M.D., 1766-1815, an
eminent physician, botanist, and philologist, was the son
of the Rev. Thomas Barton, an Episcopal minister, a native
of Ireland, who emigrated to America and in 1753 married
at Philadelphia a sister of Mr. David Rittenhouse. The
subject of our memoir was born at Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
He pursued his studies for some years in New York and
Philadelphia; and in 1786 went to Edinburgh, where for
abou vo years he enjoyed the great advantage of hear-
ing the lectures of Professors Walker, Gregory, Black, and
Home. He obtained his medical degree at Gottingen. In
1789 he returned to Philadelphia, and in the same year
was appointed professor of Natural History and Botany
in the College of Philadelphia, and continued to occupy
the chair, when, in 1791, the college was incorporated with
the University of Pennsylvania. He continued his con-
nection with this institution until his death in 1815. In
1795 he succeeded Dr. Griffith in the chair of Materia
Medica; and upon the death of Dr. Rush in 1813, he was
appointed his successor in the chair of the practice of
Physic, which he held in conjunction with that of Botany
and Natural History,, during his life. In 1809 he was
elected President of the Phila. Medical Society. In 1797
he married a daughter of Edward Penington, Esq., an
eminent citizen of Philadelphia, by whom he had one son
and a daughter.
Lord Byron thought highly of Barton's poetical talents,
but did not hesitate to proffer the same advice which Lamb
had given:
"I think more highly of your poetical talents than it would
perhaps gratify you to have expressed; for I believe. from what I
observe of your mind, that you are above flattery. To come
to the point, you deserve success; but we knew before Addison
wrote his Cato, that desert does not always command it. But sup-
pose it attained,
<
You know what ills the author's life assail,
Toil, envy, want, the patron, and the jail.'
Do not renounce writing, but never trust entirely to authorship.".
Byron to Burton, June, 1812.
"I have read your poems with much pleasure, those with most
which speak most of your own feelings."”—R. Southey to Barton,
Dec. 1814.
Observations on some parts of Natural History, to which
is prefixed an account of several remarkable vestiges of
an ancient date, which have been discovered in different
parts of North America. Part I., Lon., 1787, Svo, Dilly.
This was pub., it will be noticed, whilst the author was
resident in London. It was not continued. It relates to an-
tiquities, giving an account of the Indian ruins in the Mus-
kingum, with some remarks on the first peopling of America.
"A prefixed advertisement to this work informs us that it is the
production of a very young man. written chiefly as a recreation
from the laborious studies of medicine. It is, however, a curious
tract: we have here only the first part: the other three, which
will complete the work, are to be published in a few months."--
Lon. Monthly Review.
•
Papers relative to certain American Antiquities. Phil.,
1796, 4to. Collections for an Essay towards a Materia
Medica of the United States, Phila., 1798, 8vo. Frag-
ments of the Natural History of Pennsylvania, Part I,
Phila., 1800, fol. Memoir concerning the Fascinating
Faculty ascribed to the Rattle Snake, Phila., 1796, Svo.
Printed only for private distribution. Supplement to ditto.
Some account of the Siren Lacertina, and other species of
the same genus of Amphibious Animals: in a letter to Mr.
J. G. Schneider of Saxony. 50 copies printed in 1808.
Reprinted 1821. Elements of Botany, Phila., 1803: Lon.,
1804, R. 8vo. Contributions to Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.,
1793-99: to Nic. Jour., 1805-12. In 1805 he commenced
the Med. and Physical Journal, to which he contributed
many articles of value. For further information respect-
ing Dr. Barton and his works, sec Biog. Sketch by his
nephew, W. P. C. Barton, M.D., etc.; Rose's Biog. Dict.,
and Thacher's Med. Biog.
•·
"I know one, a man deservedly respected by all who know him,
(Charles Lloyd the elder, of Birmingham,) who has amused his old
age by translating Horace and Homer. He is looked up to in the
Edward Penington was a descendant of the celebrated society. and would not have printed these translations if he had
Isaac Penington of London, whose father was lord mayor thought it likely to give offence. Judging, however. from the
in 1642. (See PENINGTON, ISAAC, in this volume.) His spirit of the age, as affecting your society, like every thing else. I
should think they would be gratified by the appearance of a poet
family at the present day, (1854,) after the lapse. of two
among them who confines himself within the limits of their gene-
centuries, is one of the first in America. From John Pen-ral principles. . . . They will not like virtuous feeling and reli-
ington, Esq.. of Philadelphia, (grandson to the father-in-gious principle the worse for being conveyed in good verse.
law of Dr. Barton,) well known for his erudition and lite- poetry in itself were unlawful, the Bible must be a prohibited
book." (See an amusing letter of Barton's to Southey, respect-
rary taste, we learn that the subject of our memoir was
taught to draw by Major Andre, at the time a prisonering the fitness of the latter to be the biographer of George Fox.)
If
of war in Lancaster. See PENINGTON, Joux.
Dr. Barton united untiring industry with great natural
talents, a warm zeal in scientific investigation, and un-
common attainments in many branches of knowledge.
At the age of 16, Barton composed an Essay on the Vices
of the Times. Thus early did he assume the position of
The volume appeared, and was highly commended:
"The staple of the whole poem is description and meditation,-
description of quiet home scenery, sweetly and feelingly wrought
out: and meditation, overshadowed with tenderness, and exalted
by devotion,-but all terminating in soothing, and even cheerful,
views of the condition and prospects of mortality."-Edin. Rev.
Wilson reviews Barton in vol. xii. of Blackwood:
a teacher!
Barton, Bernard, 1784-1849, often called THE
QUAKER POET, was born in the vicinity of London. In
•
the Society of Friends were likely to be offended at his
In 1820 Mr. Barton requested Southey's opinion whether
publishing a volume of poems. We give a short extract
from Southey's reply:
"He possesses much sensibility, and his mind has a strong tinge
of poetry. Every now and then he surprises us with glimpses of
something infinitely better than the general tone of his concep
tions."
"If we cannot compliment Mr. Barton on being naturally a
great poet, he possesses feeling, has long studied his art, and has
attained to a point of merit which we did not anticipato."-Lon.
Monthly Review, 1820.
"There is in Barton's poems a higher beauty than the beauty
of ingenuity, and something of more worth than the exquisiteness
of workmanship. His works are full of passages of natural ten-
derness, and his religious poems, though animated with a warmth
of devotion, are still expressed with that subdued propriety of
language, which evinces at once a correctness of taste and feeling.”
-Lom. Gent. Mag.
"A man of a fine and cultivated, rather than of a bold and ort
ginal, mind.”—Lord Jeffrey.
The Widow's Tale, and other Poems.
"We should always rejoice to see this volume on any table."-
Lem. Literary Gazette. March, 1827.
"This interesting little volume contains some of the sweetest
poetry Mr. Barton has ever writton."-Lon. Lit. Magnet, April, 1827
Devotional Verses.
"Mr. Barton's style is well suited to devotional poetry. It has
great sweetness and pathos, accompanied with no small degree of
power, which well qualify it for the expression of the higher and
purer feelings of the heart."-Lon. New Monthly Mag., March, 1826.
Mr. Barton was a brother to Maria Hack, the authoress
of a number of juvenile works of great merit, and his
daughter, Miss Lucy Barton, has devoted her talents to
the composition of scriptural works, principally intended
for the young.
Barton, Charles, of the Middle Temple. Profess.
works, 1794-1811. Mr. Barton has been highly commended
as a legal writer. Modern Precedents in Conveyancing, 7
vols., Lon., 1821, 8vo.
“Mr. Barton. in various parts of these Precedents, has intro-
duced dissertations on the nature and use of the different species
of assurances contained in the collection. These essays are ably
136
BAR
BAR
written and contain very full references to authorities on the sub-
jects of which they treat."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Historical Treatise of a suit in Equity.
"I feel it my duty to advise the student to use considerable cau-
tion in perusing this essay, as it may (and probably does) contain
many more inaccuracies than the author is at all aware of."
Author's Preface.
<<
A useful historical treatise, admirable for its clear and judicious
arrangement."-BLAKE.
Barton, Henry. Sermon, 1762.
Barton, James. Honorina, a Novel, 1804, 2 vols.
Barton, John. Agricultural Labour, Lon., 1820.
Barton, John, supposed to have been Chancellor of
the University of Oxford in the 15th century, wrote a treatise
against Wicliffe; Symbolum Fidei Catholicæ.—TANNER.
Barton, Lucy. See BARTON, BERNARD.
Barton, Philip, of Christ Ch., Oxf. Sermons, 1735,
'40, '50.
Barton, Charles. Sermons, 1800-03.
Barton, Cutts. Sermons, 1754-58.
"The Compendium, containing only brief descriptions of plants,
with occasional popular observations, as it is the most unassuming,
so we think it the most meritorious, among the botanical works of
Dr. Barton.... Dr. Barton has published books on the subject of
Barton, David.
Sermon, 1670.
Barton, Edward. Description of the Antiquities our botany of greater pretension than almost any other living au-
and other Curiosities of Rome, Lon., 1822.
thor."-N. Amer. Reviews, vol. xiii. 119-20.
Barton, Philip, of Portsea. Sermons, 1754–55.
Barton, Philip, of Buriton, Hants. Consecration of
Bp. Lowth, a sermon, 1 Tim. iii. 7, 1766.
Barton, Richard. Divine Analogy, Lon., 1737-38.
Dialogue respecting Ireland, Dubl., 1751, 4to. Lectures
on Natural Philosophy, Dubl., 1751, 4to.
"In the second. which he calls the popular Elementary Lecture,
be enumerates and proves the properties of the four elements,
principally from the most obvious appearances; treating the sub-
ject in a popular manner, and using short and easy demonstra-
tion."-Lim. Monthly Review, 1751.
"From a close attention to our Materia Medica, and from some
experiments he has recently made. he is convinced that not a few
of our indigenous plants are sufficiently important to be introduced
into the daily practice of the physician."—Author's Preface, p. 13.
Compendium Flora Philadelphicæ. Containing a de-
scription of the Indigenous and Naturalized Plants found
within a circuit of ten miles around Philadelphia, 12mo,
2 vols., Phila., 1818.
"The drawings and colouring of the plates have been made by
the author's own band; he has been three years collecting materials
for this work; has delivered three courses of lectures to students
concerning the plants to be described; and he announced to his
class his intention to publish this work in May, 1816."-N. Amer.
Keview, vol. vi. 351; Author's Profàce.
Flora of North America, illustrated by coloured Figures,
drawn from Nature, 3 vols. 4to, Phila., 1821-23, pub. in
numbers. Compendium Flora Philadelphicæ, 1818, 2 vols.
12mo, Phila.
Materia Medica and Botany, 2 vols. 12mo, Phila. Medi-
cal Botany, 2 vols. 8vo. Hints to Naval Officers cruising
in the West Indies, 1830, 18mo, Phila. Plan for Marine
Hospitals in the United States, 1817, 8vo.
Bartram. Trial of Nightingale, 1809; of Lt. Col.
Johnston, 1811.
Bartram, Isaac.
Distillation of Persimmons.
Bartram, John, 1701-1777, an eminent botanist, was
born at Marple, Delaware co., Pennsylvania. He took
great pleasure in the care of a botanical garden, laid out
and planted by himself, on the west bank of the Schuyl-
kill, four miles below Philadelphia. He became so famous
for his proficiency in his favourite pursuit, that Linnæus
pronounced him "the greatest natural botanist in the
world." Sir Hans Sloane, Mr. Catesby, Dr. Hill, Peter
Collinson, and other friends of science, furnished Bartram
with books and apparatus, stimulated his zeal by their
sympathy, and aided his labours by active co-operation.
"Be so kind as to give him [Bartram] a little entertainment and
recommendation to a friend or two of yours in the country, for
he does not value riding 50 or 100 miles to see a new plant."-
Peter Collinson to Col. Cristis, of Virginia, 1737.
Remarks respecting Lough Lene, Dubl., 1751, 4to.
Barton, Saml. Sermons, 1689, '90, '92, '96, '97, '98,
1701-05.
Barton, Thomas. A Counter-Scarfe against those
that Condemn all External Bowing at the Name of Jesus;
with a Defence of it against Masive Giles, Lon., 1643, 4to.
Barton, Thomas, 1730-1780, an Episcopal minister,
a native of Ireland, received his education at the University
of Dublin. In 1753 he married at Philadelphia the sister
of Dr. David Rittenhouse. To this eminent philosopher,
his talents and extensive acquirements enabled him to
render invaluable assistance. He officiated in Reading
Township, York County, Pennsylvania, as a missionary of
a society in England from 1755 to 1759. He was a chap-nal
lain in the expedition against Fort Du Quesne in 1758.
His acquaintance with Washington, Mercer, and other dis-
tinguished officers of the Revolution, proved no bar to his
continued adherence to the royal government. Refusing
to take an oath required of him, he removed in 1778 to
New York, where he died, May 25, 1780. His eldest son,
Wm. Barton of Lancaster, wrote the memoirs of Ritten
house; Professor Benj. Smith Barton, M.D., was another
of his eight children. His widow continued to reside with
her nephew, the excellent Samuel Bard, M.D., (see ante,)
until her death in 1821. Dr. Barton published a Sermon
on Braddock's Defeat, 1755.-Memoir of Rittenhouse;
Thacher's Medical Biog.; Allen's Amer. Diet.
Barton, William. Decimal Arithmetic, Lon., 1634.
Barton, William. View of many Errors and some
gross Absurdities in the old translation of the Psalms in
English Metre, as also in some other Translations lately
published, Lon., 1655, 4to. A Century of Select Hymns,
Lon., 1659, 12mo. Two Centuries of Hymns and Spiritual
Songs, Lon., 1670, Svo. A Catalogue of Virtuous Women
recorded in the Old and New Test., in verse, Lon., 1671, 8vo.
tram, (ante,) inherited the botanical zeal of his father.
Bartram, William, 1739-1823, son of John Bar-
through several of the Southern States, &c. in order to ex-
In 1773, at the request of Dr. Fothergill, he travelled
amine the natural productions of the country. These in-
and drawings were forwarded to Dr. Fothergill. The fruits
vestigations occupied him for five years. His collections
of this enterprise were given to the world in 1791: Tra-
vels through N. and S. Carolina, Georgia, E. and W. Flo-
rida, the Cherokee Country, the extensive Territories of
Barton, William. Observations on the Probabilities
the Muscogules or Creek Confederacy, and the country of
of the Duration of Human Life, and the Progress of Popu-tural Productions of those Regions, together with Obser-
the Choctaws; containing an Account of the Soil and Na-
lation in the United States of America. Trans. Amer.
Philos. Soc., iii. 25, 1793.
Barton, William P. C., M.D., nephew to Benj. Smith
Barton, M.D., and his successor as Professor of Botany in
the University of Pennsylvania,
Flora Philadelphica Prodromus, Phila., 1815, 4to, pp. 96.
Vegetable Materia Medica of the United States, or Medical
Botany, coutaining a botanical, general, and medical his-
tory of the medicinal plants indigenous to the United States.
Illustrated by coloured engravings, Phila., 2 vols., 50 plates.
The early portions of this work were pub. in 1817, but it
was not completed until 1825; London, 1821, 4to, 2 vols.,
£6 68. pub. by Hirst.
George III., which office he held until his death in Sep-
He received the appointment of American Botanist to
Soil, Divers Productions, Animals, &c., made in his tra-
tember, 1777. Observations on the Inhabitants, Climate,
Lake Ontario, &c., Svo, p. 94, and plan. Lon., 1751. An
vels from Pennsylvania to Onondaga, Oswego, and the
kept by John Bartram of Philadelphia, upon a journey
Account of East Florida, [by William Stork,] with a jour-
from St. Augustine's up the river St. John's, 8vo, pp. 90
and 70, Lon., 1766; 3d ed. much enlarged, 4to, Lon., 1769.
Trans., 1740, '44, '50, '62, '63.
Mr. Bartram also contributed several papers to the Phil.
See an interesting volume
entitled Memorials of John Bartram and Humphrey Mar-
shall, Phila., 1849, by William Darlington, M.D., of West
Collinson, by Wm. H. Dillingham of Phila., Phila., 1851.
Chester, Pennsylvania; also a sketch of the life of Peter
Worms of North America, Amer. Trans. 1789.
Bartram, Moses. Observations on the Native Silk
vations on the Manners of the Indians. Embellished with
copper-plates, Svo, map and 16 plates, Phila., 1791; pub.
in Lon., in 1792, and again in 1794. In the English odi-
tion only S of the 16 plates, principally of plants, are
given. In 1799 it was trans. into French by P. V. Benoist,
Paris, 1801, 2 vols. 8vo.
"It is a delightful specimen of the enthusiasm with which the
lover of nature, and particularly the botanist, surveys the beauti
ful and wonderful productions which are scattered over the face
of the earth."
Mr. Bartram contributed to Nic. Jour., 1805, Anecdotes
of an American Crow. See American Farmer's Letters.
Bartu, or Bertie, Robert, Earl of Lindsay. His
Declaration and Justification, wherein he declares the Jus-
tice of his Majesty's Cause in taking Arms, &c., 1664, folio.
Baruh, Raphael. Critica Sacra Examined, 1775, 8vo.
Barville, John. Account of his Conversion from
Popery to the Church of England, Lon., 1710, Svo.
137
BAR
BAS
Barwell, Mrs.
Juvenile and other works.
I
Barwell, Richard, Demonstrator of Anatomy at
St. Thomas's Hospital. Asiatic Cholera: its Symptoms,
Pathology, and Treatment, Lon., post 8vo.
"The chapter on the Morbid Anatomy is very interesting. The
book exhibits considerable ability."-Lon. Medical Times.
..
Here is a book well worthy of attention, for Mr. Barwell writes
from the bedside of the numerous cholera patients placed under
his care at St. Thomas's Hospital."-Lon. Lancet.
Barwick, Edward. A Treatise on the Church,
chiefly in relation to its Government, in which the divine
right of Episcopacy is maintained, the supremacy of the
Bishop of Rome proved to be contrary to the Scriptures
and primitive Fathers, and the Reformed Episcopal Church
in England, Ireland, and Scotland, proved to be a sound
and orthodox part of the Catholic Church. Compiled from
the most eminent divines, Belfast, 1813, Svo; 2d ed., en-
larged and improved, Lon., 1815, Svo.
"Containing much matter in a short compass."-BICKERSTETH.
Barwick, Henry. An Essay on Nature; a Poem, 1807.
Barwick, Humphrey. Manual Weapons of Fire,
&c., Lon, 1590, 4to.
Barwick, John, 1612-1664, Fellow of St. John's Col-
lege, Cambridge, was a zealous adherent to Charles I., and
was imprisoned for corresponding with Charles II. in his
exile. This monarch at the Restoration offered him the
bishopric of Carlisle, but this he declined, accepting the
deanery of Denham, and subsequently the deanery of
St. Paul's. He pub. a Piece against the Covenant, Oxf.,
1644. Life of Thomas Merton, Bp. of Durham, &c., Lon.,
1660, 4to. Deceiver Deceived, 1661, 4to. His brother,
Peter Barwick, M.D., pub. an account of his life in Latin,
Lon., 1721, Svo; trans. into English in 1724. Hilkiah
Bedford was editor of both. In Thurloe's State Papers
will be found many of his letters to Chancellor Hyde.
Some of these epistles were intercepted, and although
written in cipher, were understood, whereat the Chancel-
lor expresses great amazement:
"I was confident that the Devil himself cannot decypher a let-
ter that is well written, er find that 100 stands för Sir Harry Vane.
I have heard of many of the pretenders to that skill, and have
spoken with some of them, but have found them all to be Mounte
banks."-Hyde to Barwick.
Barwick, Peter, M.D., 1619-1705? brother to the
preceding, and physician in ordinary to King Charles II.,
composed a life of his brother John (noticed in preceding
article) which has been much admired for the elegance of
its Latinity. He wrote a Defence of Harvey's Discovery
of the Circulation of the Blood, which was considered one
of the best pieces of the controversy. He was also author
of a treatise appended to the life of his brother, in favour
of the Eikon Basilikè, (in opposition to Dr. Walker,) and
pub. a medical work under the title of Medicorum Animos
exagitant, Londini, 1671, 4to.
Barwis, Jackson. Dialogue concerning Liberty,
1793, 4to.
Barwis, John. Sermons, 1804-5, 4to.
Bascom, Henry Bidleman, b. May 27, 1796,
Hancock co., N.Y., d. Sept. 8, 1850; entered the itinerant
ministry in the Ohio Conference, 1813; was ordained
Bishop of the M.E. Church South, at St. Louis, in May,
1850; was distinguished as a pulpit orator. Works, 4 vols.
12mo: vol. i., Sermons from the Pulpit; vol. ii., Lectures
on Infidelity, &c.; vol. iii., Lectures and Essays on Moral
and Mental Science, &c.; vol. iv., Sermons and Sketches,
Nashville, Tenn., 1856. See Life of Bp. Bascom by Rev.
M. M. Henkle, D.D., 12mo, Nash., 1857.
Bascome, E., Dr. A History of Epidemic Pestilences
from the Earliest Ages, Lon., 1851, 8vo.
"This book will be found useful as a work of reference, as it
contains a notice of all the most remarkable pestilences that have
occurred from 1495 years before the birth of our Saviour to 1848."
-Lm. Athen.
G
Baseley, J. Sermons, Lon., 1801, Svo.
|
Baseley, Thomas. Serms., Lon., 1801, '05, '06, '08.
Basier, Basiere, or Basire, Isaac, 1607-1676,
was b. in the island of Jersey, according to Wood; but
this is contradicted by a writer in the Biog. Brit. About
1640 he was made chaplain-in-ordinary to King Charles I.,
and three years afterwards was installed into the seventh
prebend of Durham. In 1646 he left England for a mis-
sionary tour among the Greeks, Arabians, &c. Deo et
Ecclesia Sacrum, &c., Oxf., 1646, 4to; Diatriba de Antiqua
Ecclesiæ Britannica Libertate. Richard Watson found |
this work in Lord Hopton's closet after bis decease. He
printed it at Bruges in 1658, 8vo, and translated it into
English, and pub. it under the title of The Ancient Liberty
of the Britannic Church and the Legitimate Exemption
thereof from the Roman Patriarchate, discoursed in four
138
positions, Lon., 1661, 8vo. Basire was the author of several
other works. See Biog. Brit.; Wood's Fasti; Hutchinson's
Durham.
Basing, Basinge, Basingtochius, or Basing-
stoke de, John, d. 1252, studied first at Oxford, ther
at Paris, and visited Athens for the purpose of perfecting
himself in the Greek language. He brought with him to
England many curious Greek MSS., and Matthew Parig
gives him credit for introducing the Greek numerals into
England. Robert Grosteste, Bishop of Lincoln, with
whom he was a great favourite, preferred him to the arch-
deaconry of Lincoln, as he had been before to that of
London. He translated from Greek into Latin a grammar
which he styled The Donatus of the Greeks. He also
gave to the world A Latin Translation of a Harmony of
the Gospels. A Volume of Sermons. Particulæ Seuten-
tiarum per distinctione, or a commentary upon part of
Lombard's Sentences.
Basire, John. Letter to his Son, Lon., 1670, 12mo.
Basnett, Mills. Lay and Private Patronage.
Bass, J. H. A Greek and English Manual Lexicon
to the New Testament, 1829, 12mo.
“A useful manual for youth."-BICKERsteth.
Bass, William. Sword and Buckler; or, Serving
Man's Defence, Lon., 1602, 4to. In six-lines stanzas.
Steevens's, 1767, £1 198.
Bassantin, James, d. 1568, an eminent Scotch
astronomer. 1. Astronomia, &c., Latin and French, Ge-
neva, 1599, fol. 2. Paraphrase de l'Astrolabe, &c., Lyons,
1555; Paris, 1617, 8vo. 3. Super Mathematica Geneth-
liaca; i. e., of the Calculation of Nativities. 4. Arith-
metica. 5. Musica secundum Platonem. 6. De Mathesi
in genere. We see that judicial astrology was not de-
spised by our philosopher; to this branch of his studies
Sir James Melvil refers, when he states that his brother,
Sir Robert, while he was using his endeavours to reconcile
the two Queens, Elizabeth and Mary, met with one Bas-
santin, a man learned in the high sciences, who told him
that all his labour would be in vain.
"For they will never meet together; and next, there will never
be any thing but dissembling and secret hatred, for a while; and
at length. captivity and utter wreck to our Queen from England.
The kingdom of England at length shall fall, of right, to the
crown of Scotland; but it shall cost many bloody battles; and the
Spaniards shall be helpers, and take a part to themselves for their
labour."-Memoirs.
Basse, J. H. Catechism of Health, Lon., 1794, 12mo.
Basse, William, a minor poet, temp. James I., wrote
printed in 1633 in the 1st edit. of Dr. Donne's poems.
an epitaph (probably the first) upon the Poette Shakspeare;
That Which Seems Best is Worst, has been ascribed to him,
That Which Seems Best is Worst, has been ascribed to him,
(Restituta, vol. i. 41,) and in 1651 he contemplated pub. a
volume of his poems.
<.
poems, Jan. 13, 1651."
To Mr. Wm. Basse, upon the intended publication of his
A Poem by Dean Bathurst.- Warton's Life and Remains
of Bathurst, 1761, Svo.
Sermon, 1734, Svo.
Basset, J.
Basset, John. Hermæologium, Lon., 1695, 8vo.
Basset, John. A Pathway to Perfect Sailing. Lon.,
1664, 4to. A Nautical Discourse to prove the Way of a
Ship, Lon., 1644, 4to, (an appendix to Potter's work.)
He was one of the disputants in Bond's controversy on
the longitude.
Basset, Joseph D. Letter to J. B. Chadwick,
1813. Svo.
Basset, Joshua. Ecclesiæ Theoria Nova Dodwel-
liana Exposita, Lon., 1713, 8vo.
Basset, Peter. Acta Regis Henrici V. In MS. in
the College of, Arms. The author was chamberlain to
Henry V.
Basset, Thomas. Catalogue of Common and Sta-
tute Law Books of this Realm, Lon., 1671, Svo; 1694,
12mo. Enlarged, 1720, 8vo.
Basset, William.
Sermons, 1670, 79, '83, '84, 4to.
An Answer to The Brief History of the Unitarians, called
also Socinians, Lon., 1693, 8vo.
Bassnett, Thos., b. 1808, in Eng. Mechanical
Theory of Storms, 1853.
""
Bassol, John, d. 1347, a Scotch philosopher, studied
divinity under Duns Scotus at Oxford. His preceptor had
so high an opinion of his pupil that he used to say, "If
John Bassol be present, I have a sufficient auditory. In
1304 he accompanied his master to Paris. Commentaria
seu Lecturæ in quatuor Libros Sententiarum, Paris, 1517,
fol.; a work in such high reputation as to procure him
from his brethren, the schoolmen, the title of "Doctor
Ordinatissimus," in allusion to his method and perspi
1
BAS
BAT
enity. Miscellanea Philosophica et Medica, in the same
volume.
Bastard, Thomas, d. 1618, a clergyman, and an
epigrammatist of considerable note in his day, was made
perpetual Fellow of New College, Oxford, in 1588,
"But being much guilty of the vices belonging to poets, and
given to libelling, he was in a manner forced to leave his fellow
ship in 1591."—WOOD.
The "libel" which gave so much offence was "upon all
persons of note in Oxford who were guilty of amorous ex-
ploits." It was entitled An Adinonition to the city of
Oxford, &c. Bastard disclaimed the authorship. After
his expulsion he wrote, Jenkin, why man? why Jenkin?
fie, for shame! Neither of these were printed. He pub.
Chrestoleros; seven bookes of Epigrames, Lon., 1598, 12mo.
-See Censura Literaria, vol. iv. Magna Britannia,
Latin Poem, in three books, Lon., 1605, 4to. Five Ser-
mions, Lon., 1615, 4to. Twelve Sermons, Lon., 1615, 4to.
Lastard was thrice married.
7
a
"He was a person endowed with many rare gifts, was an excel-
lent Grecian. Latinist, and poet, and, in his elder years, a quaint
preacher. His discourses were always pleasant and facete, which
inade his company desired by all ingenious men. Ile was a most
excellent epigrammatist. and, being always ready to versify upon
any subject, did let nothing material escape his fancy, as his coin-
positions, running through several hands in MS., shew."-Allen.
Oxon.
Warton speaks of him as an elegant classic scholar, and
"better qualified for that species of the occasional pointed
Latin epigram established by his fellow-collegian, John
Owen, than for any other sort of English versification."
The res angusta domi, however,-to which poets are so pro-
verbially subject—would appear to have sobered his wit:
"But now, left naked of prosperitie,
And subject unto bitter injurie:
So poor of sense. so bare of wit I am,
Not neede herselfe can drive an epigram.”
—Lib. i., Epig. 2.
We extract a stanza from an Epigram in honour of our
author by no less a person than Sir John Harrington:
profession of medicine, his book to be burnt, himself ex-
communicated, to pay costs of suit, and be imprisoned
until he recanted. Whilst imprisoned, he wrote Apologe-
ticus ad Præsules Anglicanos, 1636; and the Letany for
the especiall Use of our English Prelates, 1637. For this
new attack, Laud had an information exhibited against
him in the Star Chamber. Wm. Prynne for his Histrio-
Mastix, and Rev. Dr. Burton for publishing two seditious
sermons, were also brought under discipline. The three
defendants, to the disgrace of the court, were sentenced
suffer perpetual imprisonment! This barbarous sentence
to lose their ears, to pay a fine of £5000 each, and to
was executed. When the Parliament obtained the supre-
triumph, and an order passed for the repayment of the
the three were back to London in great
fine of £5000 to each of them. It is said that they never
received the money. Bastwick afterwards wrote several
pamphlets against the Independents.
De-
Independency not God's Ordinance, Lon., 1645.
fence of himself against Lilburn, 1645. Utter Routing
of the whole Army of all the Independents and Sectaries,
with the total overthrow of their Monarchy, 1646. The
Church of England the true Church. Poor Bastwick
fared better than the Patriarch Job in his hour of trial.
The wife of his bosom did not "add affliction to his mise-
ry;" but when Bastwick mounted the scaffold, he was
immediately followed by his wife, who,
"Like a loving spouse, saluted each ear with a kiss, and then his
mouth; whose tender love, boldness, and cheerfulness, so wrought
upon the people's affections, that they gave a marvellous great
shout for joy to behold it."
CC
"To Master Bastard, a miuister, that made a pleasant Book of
English Epigrams:
The martyr was worthy of such a wife.
"So far," said he, "am I from base fear, or caring for any thing
they can do, or cast upon me, that had I as much blood as would
swell the Thames, I would shed it every drop in this cause. As I
said before [in his noble speech before the Star-Chamber] so I say
again. had I as many lives as I have hairs on my head or drops
of blood in my veins. I would give them all up for this cause!"
The Letany will be found in the 5th vol. of the Somers
Collection of Tracts; and an interesting review of it in
The Retrospective Review, vol. x.
You must in pulpit treat of matters serious;
As it beseems the person and the place;
There preach of faith, repentance. hope, and grace;
Of sacraments, and such high things mysterious:
But they are too severe, and too imperious,
That unto honest sports will grant no space.
For these our minds refresh, those weary us,
And spur our doubled spirit to swifter pace."
Batchelor, Thos. Village Scenes, 1804, 8vo. Ana-
lysis of the English Language, 1809. Svo. Agricult. of
Bedfordshire, 1806, Svo. See Donaldson's Agrict. Biog.
Batchilor, John. The Virgin's Pattern, Lon., 1661.
Bate, Edward. The Speculative and Practical
Atheist. Sermons on Rom. i. 20, 21, 1748, Sro.
(From the most Elegant and Witty Epigrams of Sir John Har-
rington, Knight, digested into four bookes, Lon., 1625, sm. Svo.)
Bate, George, M.D., 1608-1668, had the remarkable
Bastard, William. On the Culture of Pine Apples, Charles II.
fortune of being physician to Charles I., Cromwell, and
On the Culture of Pine Apples, Charles II. He is quite as well known as an historian as
Phil. Trans. Abr., 1777.
Baston, Robert, d. about 1315? a native of York-cessively at New College, Queen's College, and Edmund's
a professor of the healing art. He studied at Oxford; suc-
shire, was, according to Bale, poet laureate and public Hall. He contributed to de Rachitide, pub. Lon., 1650,
orator at Oxford, but this has been disputed. He became Sro. After his death, Shipton pub. Pharmacopoeia Bate-
a Carmelite monk, and prior of that order in Scarborough. ana, Lon., 1689. Dr. Wm. Salmon trans. this work into
Edward I. carried him with him in his expedition against English under the title of Bate's Dispensatory; it was
Scotland, in 1304, that he might be an eye-witness of and
celebrate his victory. But, alas for human expectations! cipal work is an Account of the Rebellion, with a Narra-
very popular, and ran through many editions. His prin-
Baston was made prisoner, and, as the price of his ransom,
obliged to write a panegyric on Robert Bruce! Baston Elenchus Motuum nuperorum in Anglia simul ac Juris
tive of the Regal and Parliamentary Privileges, entitled,
wrote principally in Latin, and it is doubtful if any of his Regis et Parliamentarii brevis narratio. Paris, 1649;
English compositions are now in existence. The rhyme Franckfort, 1650, 4to. It was revised by Dr. Peter Hey-
Baston is so called from our author. The panegyric men- lyn, who
tioned above will be found in Fordun's Scoti-Chronicon; it
was pub. Oxon., 1722. He also wrote, 1. De Strivilniensi
obsidione; of the Siege of Stirling, a poem in one book.
2. De Altero Scotorum Bello, in one book. 3. De Scotia
Guerris variis, in one book. 4. De variis mundi Statibus,
in one book. 5. De Sacerdotum luxuriis, in one book.
6. Contra Artistas, in one book. 7. De Divite et Lazaro.
8. Epistolæ ad diversos, in one book. 9. Sermones Syno-
dales, in one book. 10. A Book of Poems. 11. A volume
of tragedies and comedies in English, the existence of
which is doubtful. See Bale; Pits; Holingshed; Leland;
Saxii Onomasticon; Warton's History of English Poetry.
Baston, Saml. Case Vindicated, 1695. Dialogue, 1697.
Baston, Thos. Obs. on Trade and Public Spirit, 1732.
Basturde, A. Trans. The Cessyōs of Parlyamēt, etc.
Bastwick, John, M.D.. 1593-1650? was distin-
guished for his violent opposition to the jure divino claim
for Episcopacy. He was educated at Emanuel College,
Cambridge, after which he took his doctor's degree at
Padua. His first work. Elenchus Religionis Papistica,
in quo probatur neque Epistolicam neque Catholicam, imo
neque Romanam esse, was pub. at Leyden, in 1624. In
1635 he pub. in England, Flagellum Pontificis et Episco-
porum Latialium. For this publication he was cited be-
fore the High Commission Court; by which he was sen-
tauced to a fine of £1,000, prohibited from practising his
"Made several observations on it, greatly tending to the honour
of the king and church.”
Reprinted with additions to 1660, Lon., 1661. Svo; with
further additions to 1663. Svo; and with a third part by
Dr. Thomas Skinner, in 1676, Svo. The whole trans. into
English by Mr. Lovel, in 1685.
"A work worth reading.”—Bishop Warburton.
It was answered by Robt. Pugh. Elenchus Elenchi,
sive Animadversiones in Elenchum M. Angliæ, Paris,
1664, Svo.
1664, Svo. Pugh was an officer in the king's army.
To which Bate made a reply, but, as his son had told me, he
did not publish it, only put it in MS. in the Cottonian Library;
and upon that report I did in my Hist. Antiq, Univ. Oxon, say as
much in the life of Dr. Bate. Whereupen Pugh, having had notice.
of, or else had read it, he made a search after it in the said Library
(as he himself hath told me several times) but could not find it,
otherwise he would have made a rejoynder ”—Wood.
Dr. Bate also wrote The Royal Apology; or the Declara-
tion of the Commons in Parliament, Feb. 11, 1647-48, 4to.
Bate, George. The Lives, Actions, and Execution
of the prime Actors and principal Contrivers of that horrid
Murder of our late pious and sacred Sovereign, King
Charles I., Lon., 1661.
"He is not to be understood to be the same with the doctor, but
another far inferior to him in all respects: on ethat run with the
mutable times, and had, after his majesty's Restoration, ender
voured. by scribbling, to gain the favour of the royalists."- WOOD.
Bate, Rev. Henry. See DUDLEY, SIR H. B.
139
BAT
BAT
Bate, James, 1703-1755, elder brother of Julius and excellency of the Book of Common Prayer are ex-
Bate, was admitted a pensioner of Corpus Christi Col-plained to the meanest capacities. In a dialogue between
lege, Cambridge, in 1720. He took holy orders, and at- a clergyman and his parishioners, pp. 42, 12mo, Lon., 1734.
tended the Rt. Hon. Horace Walpole as chaplain, in his Bate, James, Surgeon in Maryland. On the re-
embassy to Paris. In the preface to the second edition of markable Alteration of Colour in a Negro Woman, Phil.
his Rationale, &c., 1766, he laments that
Trans., 1759.
CC
"It was his hard fate, in his younger years. to serve one of our
ambassadors as his chaplain at a foreign court."
Batecumbe, or Badecombe, William, an emi-
nent mathematician of Oxford, flourished about the com-
Christi-mencement of the 15th century. 1. De Sphæræ concavæ
fabrica et usu. 2. De Sphæræ Solida. 3. De Operatione
Astrolabii. 4. Conclusiones Sophiæ. It is not known that
either of his works was printed.
Bateman, A. W. Serm. on Rom. i. 20, 21, Cant., 1746.
Bateman, Edmund.
Edmund. Sermons, 1738, '40, '41, '43.
Bateman, Joseph. Metropolitan Turnpike Act,
12mo, Lon., 1826. The Laws of Excise, Svo, Lon., 1843.
"Mr. Bateman has collected more than 100 different statutes,
and added notes of decisions illustrative of them. Those most
competent to judge of its value, pronounce it a convenient and
able compilation, in which the writer's aptitude for his undertak-
ing is apparent, and one that is worthy of his former reputation."
The General Turnpike Road Act, 3 Geo. IV., c. 126, 3d
ed. 120, Lon., 1836.
"This is a convenient manual of the Statutes relating to Turn-
pike Roads in Great Britain. It is furnished with suitable forms
other useful information relative to the construction and manage-
and an appendix of decisions upon the Statutes, and contains
ment of roads."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Mr. Bateman is the author of several other valuable
legal treatises.
Bateman, James. Orchidaces of Mexico and
Guatemala, S parts, elephant folio, 40 splendid plates,
Lon., 1837-43'; pub. at £16 168.
<i
His principal works arc, Infidelity scourged, or
anity vindicated against Chubb, &c., 1746, 8vo. An Essay
towards a Rationale of the literal doctrine of Original
Sin, &c., occasioned by some of Dr. Middleton's writings,
1752, Svo. He also pub. several sermons, 1734-45.
Bate, John, d. 1429, a learned divine, was the author
of a number of works in grammar, logic, and divinity.
He studied at Oxford, where he was noted for his know-
ledge of the Greek tongue. On leaving Oxford, he became
president of the house of the Carmelite friars at York. Le-
land, Bale, and Pits enumerate 14 treatises by this author.
Bate, John. Relation of the Holland Fleet, &c.,
1626, 4to.
Bate, John. Mysteries of Nature and Art, Lon.,
1634, 4to.
Bate, Julius, b. about 1711, d. about 1771, a divine
of the Hutchinsonian school, pub. a number of theological
works, principally in defence of his peculiar system of in-
terpretation. We give the titles of some of them. An
Essay towards explaining the third chapter of Genesis,
and the Spiritual Sense of the Law, in answer to Mr. War-
burton, Lon., 1641, Svo.
"This is a reply to Warburton's third proposition, which he cer-
tainly succeeds in overturning: but there is too much refinement
of spiritualizing in his exposition.”—ORME.
The irascible prelate treated the champion of Hutchin-
son with but little ceremony: "one Bate,
a zany to
a mountebank." The Philosophical Principles of Moses,
asserted against the Misrepresentations of David Jennings,
1744, Svo. Remarks upon Mr. Warburton's Remarks,
showing that the Ancients knew there was a Future State,
&c., 1745. Svo. An Inquiry into the Occasional and Stand-
ing Similitudes of the Lord God, in the Old and New Tes-
taments, 1756, 8vo.
•
"This mild Hutchinsonian is very angry with his humble ser-
yants, the Reviewers, whom he calls Infidels and Scorpions; but as
he treats the worthy Archdeacon of Northumberland as a mere
Jesuit. page 76, we could not expect better words from him."-
Monthly Review, 1756. See Review of Reviews, by the author of
this Dictionary, in Putnam's Mag., vol. i. p. 264, New York, 1853.
Critica Hebraica, or a Hebrew English Dictionary, with-
out points, &c., the whole supplying the place of a Com-
imentary on the Words and more difficult Passages in the
Sacred Writings, 1767, 4to. In the preface Mr. Bate
warmly attacks the "hydra of pointing;" he commends
the courage of Capellus, "who ventured to encounter this
monster, and vanquished it, together with its renowned
udvocate, Buxtorf."
Parkhurst quotes this work (and the Essay on the
Similitudes) with approbation, but it has never come into
general use as a Hebrew Dictionary.
"His work will doubtless be useful according to its plan, and to
the principles on which he proceeds. The followers of Mr. Hut-
chinson's system will not fail to pronounce it a Chef d'œuvre;
while the Rationalists will consign it to a peaceful place on the
same undusted shelf on which the great Calasio reposes, undis-
turbed, in the friendly arms of the Rev. Mr. Wm. Romaine."
A New and Literal Translation from the Original He-
brew of The Pentateuch of Moses, and of the Historical
Books of the Old and New Testament. to the end of the
Second Book of Kings, with Notes, Critical and Explana-
tory, 1773, 4to. This work was the principal literary oc-
cupation of its author for a great part of his life. What he
completed of the Old Testament was pub. two years after
his death.
"As a translation, it greatly fails in perspicuity, smoothness,
and grammatical accuracy. Many of the renderings are really
amusing. The Giants of Genesis, vi. 4, are, according to him,
'apostates.' The window of the ark, chapter vi. xvi.. was to be
'finished in an arm above.' At the commencement of the deluge,
'the air cracks were opened,' and at the conclusion of it, the air
cracks were shut.' The notes are full of the peculiarities of his
system. and discover no correct acquaintance with the principles
of philology or enlightened criticism."-ORME.
Bate. by giving the Hebrew idiom too literally, has rendered
his version neither Hebrew nor English."-LOWNDES.
"It is most certainly a new translation, and so very literal as
to be really unintelligible to a plain English reader."-Monthly
Review.
Bate, R. B. On the Camera Lucida, Nic. Jour., 1809.
Bate, Randall. Certain Observations, 1630, 8vo.
Bate, Thomas. The duty of frequenting the pub-
Lick service of the Church of England, wherein the beauty
This is without question the greatest botanical work of the
present age. Mr. Bateman has got it up perfectly regardless of
expense, and would be a considerable loser even had the edition
been published at double the price. Only one hundred copies
were printed, which were all subscribed for."
1839, 12mo. La Martiniere, &c., Lon., 1839, Svo.
Bateman, Josiah. Sermons preached in India, Lon.,
Bateman, R. T. Serm. on Regeneration, 1747, Svo.
Bateman, Stephen. See BATMAN.
Bateman, Thomas, Chaplain to the Duke of Gor-
don, and Vicar of Walpole, Lincoln. A Treatise on Tithe,
&c., Lon., 1778, Svo. Appendix, 1779. New ed., 1808, 8vo.
Ecclesiastical patronage of the Church of England, Lon.,
1782, Svo. The Royal Eccle. Gazetteer, Lon., 1781, 12mo.
Sermons, 1778, 'S0.
Bateman, Thomas, M.D., 1778-1821, was born at
Whitby in Yorkshire. He enjoyed the great advantage of
pursuing his medical studies under the eminent Dr. Willan,
physician to the public dispensary in Carey street. When
Dr. Willan's health obliged him, in 1811, to depart for Ma-
deira, Dr. Bateman succeeded to his extensive practice in
diseases of the skin. In 1813 he pub. A Practical Synopsis
of Cutaneous Diseases, according to the arrangement of
Dr. Willan, exhibiting a Concise View of the Diagnostic
Symptoms, and the Method of Treatment, Lon., Svo, 3d
ed., 1814; 8th ed., 1836. This work was trans. into French,
German, and Italian. The Emperor of Russia was so
much pleased with this work that he sent the author a ring
of 100 guineas value. In 1815 the doctor pub. Delineations
of Cutaneous Diseases, comprised in the classification of
the late Dr. Willan, including the greater part of the En-
gravings of that Author, in an improved state, and com-
pleting the Series, as intended to have been finished by
him, Lon., 4to, 1815–17; 12 fasciculi pub. at £1 1s. each;
again Lon., 1840.
Dr. Bateman's valuable work has done more to extend the
knowledge of cutaneous diseases than any other that has ever ap
peared."-DR. A. T. THOMSON.
"We consider it the only book extant that contains a compre
hensive yet explicit account and scientific arrangement of the dis
eases of the skin.”—Med. and Physical Journal, Nov., 1813.
A Succinct Account of the Contagious Fever of this
Country, &c., Lon., 1818. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1810–
14. See Some Account of the Life and Character of Dr.
Bateman, Lon., 1826, Svo.
Bates. Life of Henry of Whitechurch, 1712, 8vo.
Bates, David, an American poet, resident of Phila-
delphia. The Eolian, a collection of Poems, Phila., 1848,
12mo.
Bates, Elisha. The Doctrine of Friends, or Quakers,
Providence, 1843, 12mo.
Bates, Ely. Observations on some important points
in Divinity, extracted from an Author, [Baxter,] of the
last century, Lon., 1793; 2d ed., with addit., 1811, Svo.
Bickersteth considers this as a
Bickersteth considers this as a "middle course" between
the Armenians and the Calvinists. Christian Politics,
1802-06. Svo.
"Useful. He adopts Baxter's sentiments."-BICKERSTETH.
140
BAT
BAT
"His Latin Orations are wonderful specimens of wit and anth
thesis, which were the delight of his age. They want, upon the
whole, the purity and simplicity of Tully's eloquence. but even
exceed the sententious smartness of Seneca and the surprising
turns of Pliny.... That pregnant brevity which constitutes the
dignity and energy of the iambic, seems to have been his talent"
charity-Life by Wortem.
"Although he maintained the most exact discipline in his col
lege. his method of instruction chiefly consisted in. turning the
faults of the delinquent scholars into ridicule. in which expedient
he always effectually succeeded; all the young students admired
and loved him."-EARL OF BATHURST, nephew to the Doctor.
See Biog. Brit.; Wood's Atben. Oxon.; History of
Oxford.
Rura. Philosophy, 1803, 8vo; 2d ed., 1804.
Bates, Geo. Ferne. Sermon, 1814.
Bates, J. Sermon, 1707, 8vo.
Bates, Joah, 1740-1799, an eminent musical compo-
ser, a Fellow and tutor of King's College, Cambridge. He
was the author of the celebrated ode, Here shall soft
repair.
Bates, John. Sermons, 1714.
Bates, Thomas. Enchiridions of Fevers incident to
Seaman, Lon., 1709, 8vo. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1718.
!
Bates, Thomas. Address to the Bd. of Agriculture,
&c., on improving the breed of Live Stock, Lon., 1808, Svo.
Bates, William, D.D., 1625-1699, an eminent Puri-
tan divine, studied in Emanuel College, and King's Col-
lege, Cambridge. On the passing of the Act of Uniformity
in 1862, he retired from the Church. He pub. a number
of theological treatises, 1663-99., These were collected
and pub. in a folio vol. in the year after his decease, and
ngain in 1723. His principal works were, The Harmony
of the Divine Attributes in the Redemption of Man, 1697.
Bates on the Attributes is too much confined to one, to answer
the purposes of a practical familiar treatise."-BICKERSTETH.
Batley, Samuel. Maximum in Minimo.
Batman, or Bateman, Stephen, d. 1587, a divine
and a poet of considerable note, is said to have been a
native of Bruton, in Somersetshire. He studied philoso-
phy and divinity at Cambridge, and became chaplain and
librarian to Archbishop Parker. In 1569 he pub. 1. The
Spiritual Reflection Unfolded and Enforced, 1699.
"In the Spiritual Reflection there is no leaning to fanaticism on Travayled Pilgrime, bringing Newes from all Parts of
the one hand, or to lukewarmness on the other." J. Pye Smith,
in his introductory essay to an edition of this work, pub. in 1834,
"does aimple justice both to the history and character of the author.
... This non-conformist divine is charming and elegant as a writer."
Bates was sometimes called the "silver-tongued," and
was reckoned the politest writer, if not the best scholar, of
the whole body of ministers who retired from the church
in 1662, on the passage of the Act of Uniformity, and
formed what is sometimes called the "Dissenting Interest."
Bickersteth remarks that he has "many happy similes."
Vitæ Selectorum aliquot virorum qui Doctrinâ, Dignitate,
aut Pietate inclaruere, 1681. A valuable collection of
Lives: 32 in number. Discourse about the Four Last
Things, viz. Death, Judgment, Heaven, and Hell, 1691.
the Worlde, such like scarce harde before, 4to. [Lon.,
by John Denham.] Black Letter, with 20 wood-cuts.
This is an allegorical-theological romance of the life of
man, in verse of 14 syllables, introducing historical inci-
dents and characters relative to the reigns of Henry VIII.,
Edward VI., Queens Mary and Elizabeth. Sold at Sothe-
by's, in 1821, for £29 188. 6d.; resold, Perry, pt. i. 618, for
£26 158. 6d.
2. A Christall Glasse of Christian Reformation, London,
by John Day, 1569, 4to. With many wood cuts Joyfull
Newes out of Helvetia, &c., 1575, Svo. 3. Golden Booke
of the Leaden Goddes, &c., 1577, 4to, dedicated to Lord
Henry Cary.
66
Perhaps the most elegant of Bates's works. . . . The Discourses |
are admirable specimens of sound and practical theology, conveyed
in an elegant and most attractive style. Any one. however, who
reads it carefully, will find, that some of his best passages are just
the expansion of ideas picked up in the course of an extensive
study of the fathers. The same remark, indeed, applies to all his
works."
Bates, William, Fellow, Lect., and Heb. Lect. of
Ch. Coll., Camb. College Lectures on Eccles. History;
with complete sets of Cambridge, Dublin, and Durham
University Examination papers, r. 12mo, Lon., 1844. Col-
lege Lectures on Christian Antiquities, &c., r. 12mo, Lon.,
1845.
•
Bateson, or Batson, Peter. Draining of Marsh,
Lon., 1700, 4to. Navigation of Lyn, &c., 1720, Svo.
Bateson, Thomas. A writer of Madrigals; organist
of Chester Cathedral about the year 1600.
4. A Preface before John Rogers's Displaying of the
Family of Love, 1579, 8vo. 5. Doome warning all Men
to Judgement; In maner of a generale Chronicle, 1581,
4to. 6. Of the Arrivall of the 3 Graces in Anglia, lament-
7.
ing the Abuses of the Present Age, 4to, sine anno.
Notes to Leland's Assertio Arthuri, trans. by Richard Ro-
binson, sine anno. S. Batman vpon Bartholome his Book
De Proprietatibus Rerum, newly corrected, enlarged, and
amended, fol., 1582. See BARTHOLOMEUS ANGLICUS, in
Batman revelled in his patron's library in the
this volume.
true Dominie Sampson spirit: he tells us that he increased
its treasures by six thousand seven hundred books in four
years; and more than one thousand manuscripts collected
by his pains bore witness to his laudable zeal.
•
First by conference with Master Steuen Batman, a learned
preacher and friendlie fauourer of vertue and learning, touching
the praise worthie progenie of this K. Arthure, he gave me this
assured knowledge on this maner taken out of his auncient re-
cords written at Aualonia."-Robinson's trans. of Leland's Artkure.
Batmanson, John, d. 1531, a Roman Catholic di-
vine, studied divinity at Oxford. He wrote against the
doctrines of the Reformation. 1. Animadversions in An-
Bather, Edward, 1779-1847, Archdeacon of Salop, doctrines of the Reformation.
of Oriel Coll., Oxford. Sermons, chiefly practical, 3 vols, notationes Erasmi in Novum Testamentum. 2. A Trea-
Svo, Lon.: vol. i., 3d ed., 1840; vol. ii., 1829; vol. iii., 1840. tise against some of M. Luther's writings. 3. Commen-
Hints on Catechizing; 2d ed., 1849. Thoughts on the De-taria in Proverbia Salomonis. 4. In Cantica Canticorum.
mand for Separation of Church and State, Lon., 1834, 8vo.
He also pub. 14 charges and some separate sermons.
Bathie, Arch., Surgeon. Con. to Med. Com., 1775.
Bathurst, Henry, 1744-1837, Bishop of Norwich,
educated at Winchester and New Coll., Oxf. A Charge,
1806; do., 1815. Sermons, 1794, 1810. A Letter to Wm.
Wilberforce, 1818. See Memoirs by Archdeacon Bathurst,
2 vols. Svo, 1837, and Supplement to do., 1842, Svo; also
Memoirs and Correspondence, by his Daughter, Svo.
Bathurst, Henry, Earl Bathurst, 1714-1794. The
Case of Miss Swordfeger, Lon., 4to. Theory of Evidence, Svo.
Bathurst, Ralph, 1620–1704, a clergyman, physician,
and poet, educated at Trinity Coll., Oxf., was named by
William and Mary to the Bishopric of Bristol, but declined
the preferment. He was President of Trinity College, and
Vice-chancellor of the University. Diatribe Theologica,
Philosophicæ, et Philologica; read in the college ball,
1649. Dr. Derham attributes to him a pamphlet, entitled
News from the Dead, pub. 1651; and Carrère gives him
redit for the authorship of Prælectiones tres de Respira-
L'one, Oxon., 1654. As a classical scholar Dr. Bathurst was
very eminent.
His iambics prefixed to Holles's Treatise
of Human Nature, pub. 1650, have been greatly admired.
Bath, Earl of. See PULTENEY, WILLIAM.
Bath,Robt, Surgeon. Profess. works, Lon., 1777-1805.
Bathe, Wm., 1564-1614, a learned Jesuit, born in Dub-
lin, was professor of languages at the University of Sala-
An Introduction to the Art of Music, Lon., 1584,
4to. Janua Linguarum, Salam., 1611. He also pub. several
theological treatises.
manca.
Bathurst, Theodore, a student of Pembroke Coll.,
Cambridge, trans. into Latin verse Spenser's Shepherd's
Calendar, pub. 1653, by Dr. Dillingham, of Emanuel
College. This trans. was highly commended by Sir Rich.
Fanshawe.
"Shakspeare is supposed to have consulted this book, which may
be considered as the first attempt towards a Pantheon, or descrip-
tion of the Heathen Gods."
5. De Unicâ Magdelenâ, contra Fabrum Stapulensem. 6.
Institutiones Noviciorum. 7. De Contempti Mundi. S.
De Christo duodenni; A Homily on Luke ii. 42. 9. On
the words "Missus est," &c. It is supposed that several
of these works were never printed.
"John Batmanson controverted Erasmus's Commentary on the
unhappily misapplied, but would have done honour to the cause
New Testament with a degree of spirit and erudition, which was
of his antagonist in respect to the learning displayed.”—WARTON,
Bale, Pits, Tanner, Biog. Brit., Athen. Oxon., Dodd's
Ch. History, Chalmers's Biog. Diet.
Batt, C. W. Diss. on Luke vii. 19. 2d ed., 12mo,
Lon., 1789.
Batt, Michael. Sermon, 1 Cor. iv. 21, 1686, 4to.
Batt, Wm., 1744-1812, educated at Oxford, Cou. Me-
moirs to Trans. Med. Soc. of E. of Genoa.
Batt, Wm. Sermon, Matt. xii. 25, 1754, 4to.
Battel, Andrew. See his Adventures, written from
his dictation by Purchas: Collec. of Voyages, vol. 2d.
Battell, Ralph. Sermons, 1683-94.
Battely, John, D.D., 1647-1708, an antiquary of
note, was Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, chaplain
to Archbp. Sancroft, and afterwards Archdeacon of Can.
terbury. In 1711 Dr. Thomas Terry pub. Dr. B.'s Anti-
141
BAT
BAX
quitates Rutupinæ, Svo. The subject is the ancient state | the MSS. of Mr. Baxter, Lon., Svo. He drew up for the
of the Isle of Thanet.
use of his pupils and his son, a piece entitled Matho, sive
Cosmotheoria puerilis Dialogus, &c., Lon,, 1740, 2 vols.
Svo. This work enlarged was pub. in English in 1745;
Matho, &c., wherein from the Phenomena of the Materia
World, briefly explained, the principles of Natural Reli-
gion are deduced and demonstrated, Lon. 2 vols. 8vo; 3d
ed. 1765. Baxter's treatise on the soul has been highly
commended.
"It gives the reader a most entertaining account of the ancient
Rutupinæ and Regulbium, with other cities and ports on the coast
of Kent, well known to the Romans, whose money and utensils
are here daily discovered, and were plentifully collected by the
curious author."-Bp. Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Library.
•
A second ed. was pub. in 1745 with the author's Anti-
quitates Edmondburgi, an unfinished history of his native
place, and its ancient monastery, down to the year 1272.
In 1774 John Duncombe pub. a trans. of the Antiquitates
Rutupinæ, under the title of The Antiquities of Richbo-
rough and Reculver, abridged from the Latin of Mr.
Archdeacon Battely, Lon., 12mo.
|
?
Battely, Nicholas, brother to the above, edited an
improved ed. of Somner's Antiquities of Canterbury, and
wrote some papers and accounts of Eastbridge Hospital in
Canterbury, pub. in Strype's Life of Whitgift.
Batterfield, R. A work on the Church of Rome.
Battersby, John. Tell Tale Sofas, 1814.
Battersie, John. Acct. of a Discourse, Lon., 1714
Batteson, Philip. God's Revenge against Murder
and Adultery remarkably displayed in Thirty Tragical
Histories, Lon., 1779, 4to.
Battie, William. Sermons, 1678, 8vo.
Battie, William, M.D., 1774-1776, was educated at
Eton, and at King's College, Cambridge. In 1729 he pub.
Isocrates' Orationes Septem et Epistolæ, Cantab., Svo. A
2d ed., more complete than the first, was pub. in 2 vols.,
1749, Svo. De Principiis Animalibus Exercitationes, in
Coll. Reg. Medicorum, Lon., 1751, 4to. A Treatise on
Madness, Lon., 1758, 4to. Aphorismi, &c., Lon., 1760,
4to. In 1750 Battie took part in the controversy between
the Royal Coll. of Phys. and Dr. Schomberg. He was
made the subject of severe ridicule in the Battiad, of
which Paul Whitehead, Moses Mendez, and Dr. Schom-
berg, were the authors. He was also engaged in a dispute
with Dr. John Mouro.
Batting,John. Chirurgical Facts, &c., Oxf., 1760, 8vo.
Battishill, Jonathan, 1738-1801, an eminent mu-
sician and composer, author of the well-known glee, Un-
derneath this Myrtle shade, and other admired pieces.
Batty, Adam. Serm., 1728. 26 Serms., 1739, 2
vols. Svo.
Batty, Barth. The Christian Man's Closet, &c., col-
lected in Latin; Englished by W. Louth, Lon., 1581-82, 4to.
Batty, E. Reports of Cases in C. of K. Bench in Ire-
land, 1825-26, Dub., 1828.
Batty, Joseph. Sermon on Gal. i. 1.
Batty, R., M.D. The Med. and Phys. Journal, con-
ducted by Drs. Batty, Bradley, and Noehden.
Batty, or Baty, Richard, d. 1758. Serms. 1750, '1,'6.
Batty, Lt. Col. Robt. Campaigne, &c., 1813-14.
Lt. Col. B. has pub. several works on Scenery, illustrated by
his own drawings. See Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual.
Batty, Wm., M.D. Con. to Annals of Med. 1801.
Battye, Thos. A Disclosure, &c., Manches., 1796, Svo.
The Red Basil Book, or Parish Register, &c., 1797, Svo.
Bauer, F. Horticult. Works, Lon., 1796, 1813.
Baughe, Thos. A Summons to Judgment; A Ser-
mon, Lon., 1614, 4to.
Bavaunde, W. Trans. The Good Orderynge of a
Commoneweale, &c., Lon., 1559, 4to.
Baverstock, J. Works on Brewing, Lon., 1785-92,
1$12.
Bauthumley, Jacob. Theolog. Works, Lon., 1650-76.
Bawden, Wm., d. 1816, an English clergyman, un-
dertook a trans. of Domesday Book, which was to be con-
tained in 10 vols. He only lived to complete 2 vols., pub.
Lon., 1809, '12, 4to.
and the soul, may read this book; one of the most finished of the
"He who would see the justest and precisest notions of God,
kind, in my humble opinion, that the present times, greatly ad-
vanced in true philosophy, have produced."-BP. WARBURTON.
Baxter builds his reasoning upon the principle of the
vis inertice of matter. Hume objects to his system, with-
out naming him, in his Enquiry concerning Human Under-
standing. We have seen that Baxter did not live to com-
plete his design.
"I own if it had been the will of Heaven, I would gladly have
lived till I had put in order the second part of the Inquiry, show.
ing the immortality of the human soul; but infinite wisdom can-
not be mistaken in calling me sooner. Our blindness makes us
form wishes."-Leller to John Wilkes.
Baxter, Alexander. Con. to Phil. Trans. Abr.,
Baxter, Andrew, b. about 1686, d. 1750, was born
at Old Aberdeen in Scotland, and educated at the univer-
sity of this town. His time was usefully employed as pri-
vate tutor to young gentlemen. Among his pupils were Lord
Grey, Lord Blantyre, and Mr. Hay of Drummelzier. With
the latter he travelled, and resided from 1741 to 1747 on
the continent. He pub. An Enquiry into the Nature of the
Human Soul, wherein its immateriality is evinced from the
Principles of Reason and Philosophy, Lon. 4to, sine anno;
2d ed., 1737, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 1745, 2 vols. 8vo. In 1750
was pub. an appendix to his Enquiry, in which he answers
some objections of Maclaurin's. To this appendix is pre-
fixed a dedication to the well known, or we should rather
say widely known, John Wilkes. In 1779 Rev. Dr. Dun-
can pub. The Evidence of Reason in proof of the Immor-
tality of the Soul, independent on the more abstruse In-
quiry into the Nature of Matter and Spirit: collected from
"Mr. Baxter endeavours to prove that dreams are produced by
the agency of some spiritual beings, who either amuse, or employ
themselves seriously, in engaging mankind in all those imaginary
transactions with which they are employed in dreaming."
Baxter, R. A. Paraphrase on the N. Test., 1810, 8vo.
Baxter, Richard, 1615-1691, a celebrated Noncon-
In 1638 he was ordained by Bishop Thornborough, and
formist divine, was a native of Rowton in Hampshire.
two years later was chosen vicar of Kidderminster. Oll
the breaking out of the civil war, he desired to remain.
neutral; but suspecting the ambitious designs of parlia-
ment, he resolved "to repair instantly to the army, and
use his utmost endeavours to bring the soldiers back to
the principles of loyalty to the king, and submission to
bravely "withstood him to the face," telling him that "the
the church." When Cromwell was declared protector, he
honest people of the land took their ancient monarchy to
be a blessing, and not an evil." Whilst chaplain to Colonel
Saint's Rest. The Act of Uniformity of 1662 drove him
Whalley's regiment, he wrote his best-known work, The
from that church of which he had been so useful a niem-
ber. In the same year he married Margaret, daughter of
Francis Charleton, Esq., of Shropshire, a magistrate. In
miles of a corporate town; again, in 1684, he was sub-
1682 this excellent man was seized for coming within five
1787.jected to the same ill usage, and indeed for years his life
was harassed by these unchristian persecutions. In May,
1684-85, he was tried before Lord-chief-justice Jeffreys upon
a charge of sedition, founded upon his Notes on the New
Testament. On this occasion, Jeffreys displayed his usual
brutality. When Baxter asked for time, this upright judge
exclaimed,
"Baxter's Inquiry displays considerable ingenuity, as well as
learning. Some of the remarks on Berkeley's argument against
the existence of matter are acute and just. and, at the time when
they were published, had the merit of novelty."-DUGALD STEWART,
Baxter, Benjamin. A Posing Question by Solomon,
of making a Judgment of Temporal Conditions; in seve-
ral Sermons on Eccles. viii. 12, Lon., 1661, Svo.
Baxter, J. Toil for Two-legged Foxes, Lon., 1600, Svo.
Baxter, John. Wiltshire Farmer, Lon., Svo; Agri-
cultural Gleaner, p. Svo; Library of Practical Agriculture,
1834, Svo, 4th ed. enlarged, 1846, 2 vols. roy. Svo.
"It contains much useful matter that is interesting to the far-
mer and gardener. . . . Its deservings are above mediocrity."-
Donaldson's Agricult. Biography.
Baxter, John A. The Church History of England,
from the Introduction of Christianity into Britain to the
Present Time, 2d ed., Lon., 1849, Svo.
"We have examined with pleasure the Church History of Eng.
land, by the Rev. J. A. Baxter. M.A. It is fairly written, with con-
siderable ability, and will prove a serviceable manual to the stu-
dent.”—Ch. of England Mogazine.
Baxter, Joseph, 1676-1745, minister of Medfield,
Massachusetts, pub. Sermons, 1727-29.
Baxter, N. A. Soueraigne Salue for a Sinfull Soule,
&c., Lon., 1585, Svo.
"I will not give him a moment's more time to save his life.
Yonder stands Oates in the pillory with him. I would say two
of the greatest rogues and rascals in the kingdom stood there."
When Baxter endeavoured to speak-
M
"Richard! Richard!" ejaculated the judge, "dost thou think
we'll hear thee poison the court? Richard, thou art an old fellow,
an old knave; thou hast written books enough to load a cart.
Hadst thou been wnipt out of thy writing trade forty years ago,
it had been happy."
Jeffreys would gladly have inflicted the whipping now,
through the streets of the city, but the other judge had less
brutality; and the sentence was only a fine of 500 marks,
imprisonment till paid, and bonds for good behaviour for
142
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BAX
soven years! But Lord Powis, a nobleman (in-deed) of the
Roman Catholic, Church, exerted himself successfully to
have the fine remitted, and he was liberated after an im-
prisonment of about eighteen months. The remaining
five years of his life were unmolested by his persecutors.
He continued preaching until December, 1691, when he
died "in great peace and joy."
"In the whole compass of divinity, there is scarcely any thing
superior to this valuable practical treatise, in close pathetic ap
Among his best known works are: 1. The Saint's Ever-peals to the conscience of the minister of Christ upon the primary
lasting Rest, Lon., 1650. 2. A Call to the Unconverted, duties of his office. The main object is to press the necessity of his
Lon., 1669. 3. Christian Directory, Lon., 1673. 4. The bringing home the truth of the Gospel to every individual of his
flock, by affectionate, cathechetical instruction."
Poor Man's Family Book, Lon., 1674. 5. The Cure of Mc-
Dr. Samuel Clarke considered our author's Reasons of
lancholy, &c., Lon., 1683. 6. A Paraphrase on the New the Christian Religion as one of the most masterly per-
Testament, Lon., 1685. 7. Dying Thoughts, Lon., 1688.
7. Dying Thoughts, Lon., 1688.formances on the subject of any in the English language.
8. Reliquiæ Baxterianæ, or his own Narrative of his Life "In it Baxter examines Lord Herbert's book, On Truth, and
and Times, pub. by M. Sylvester, Lon., 1696, fol. He is furnishes some ingenious, judicious, and valuable remarks by way
said to have been the author of above 120 books, (Watt of answer."-BOGUE.
enumerates 112,) and to have had more than half that
number written against him.
A collection of his Discourses was pub. in 1707, 4 vols.
fol. He was a deeply learned and most holy man. Lord
William Russell, before his execution, sent to Baxter his
hearty thanks for his Dying Thoughts.
"Such have made me better acquainted with the other world
than I was before, and have not a little contributed to my support
and relief, and to the fitting me for what I am to go through."
20,000 copies of the Call to the Unconverted were sold
in a twelvemonth, and it was translated into all the Euro-
pean languages, and into one of the dialects of India.
He is said to
"Have preached more sermons, engaged in more controversies,
and written more books, than any other Nonconformist of the age."
In his efforts for the spiritual welfare of his flock, he
was a bright example to all ministers:
"Visiting from house to house, prevailing on them almost uni-
versally to practise FAMILY PRAYER, and instrumentally effecting
a great reform among them."
Bishop Stillingfleet speaks of him as
"Our reverend and learned Mr. Baxter."
"A person of great devotion and piety, and of a very subtile and
quick apprehension.”—BISHOP Burnet.
Bishop Patrick refers to "his learned and pious endea-
vours;" and he had the esteem and friendship of many
great and worthy men, as Chief Justice Hale, Archbishop
Tillotson, the Earl of Lauderdale, &c. Dr. Manton thought
he came nearest the apostolical writings of any man of his
age. Archbishop Usher importuned him to write on the
subject of Conversion. Dr. Barrow declared,
"His practical writings were never mended, his controversial,
seldom refuted."
"His books, for their number and variety of matter, make a li-
brary. They contain a rich treasure of controversial, casuistical,
positive, and practical divinity.”—DR. BATES.
The best method of forming a correct opinion of Baxter's la-
bours for the press, is by comparing them with some of his breth-
ren who wrote a great deal. The works of Bishop Hall amount to
10 vols. 8vo; Lightfoot's extend to 13; Jeremy Taylor's to 15; Dr.
Goodwin's would make about 20; Dr. Owen's extend to 28; Bax-
ter's, if printed in a uniform edition, would not be comprised in
less than SIXTY VOLUMES!"
"He was the fittest man of the age for a casuist, because he
feared no man's displeasure, nor hoped for any man's preferment."
-HON. ROBT. BOYLE.
"Baxter's work on the New Testament, like most of his practi-
cal divinity, is plain, forcible, and improving."-GIRDLESTONE.
•
"It is rather of a practical than a critical nature. It is designed
not so much for the use of the learned, as of religious families in
their daily reading of the Scriptures, and of the poorer sort of
scholars, and ministers, who want fuller helps.' To such, the work
is fitted to be useful; but even others will find occasionally some
very important suggestions. and the true meaning of a difficult
passage pointed out with no parade of learning."-ÖRME.
"The annotations at the end of the chapters are, for the most
part. very short, and contain much sound sense and piety."-T.
H. HORNE.
"It is very plain, but with much piety and good sense. Baxter
was a truly pious and practical writer, with lively views of eter-
nity."-BICKERSTETH.
*
The same critic considers our author's Catholic Theology as
"well calculated to abate self-conceit. An extensive view of dif-
ferent opinions:" his "Reasons of the Christian Religion is a pow-
erful treatise :" his Church History of the Government of Bishops,
contains much information respecting the errors of Councils, taken
from Binnius and Crabbe:" his "Narrative of his Life and Times
is a very instructive and entertaining work, respecting one of the
most interesting periods of English History. Allowance should
be made for the imperfection of every human writer, and for his
peculiarities. Bitter animadversions were published on this work
in 1696, entitled Vindiciae Anti-Baxterianæ."
"He must be very wise or very stupid to whom Baxter can im-
part no instruction."-ORME.
"His books of Practical Divinity have been effectual for more
numerous conversions of sinners to God, than any printed in our
time: and while the church remaius on earth, will be of continual
efficacy to recover lost souls."-DR. BATES.
Dr. Calamy says of The Saint's Everlasting Rest,
"This is the book for which multitudes will have cause to bless
God for ever....
|
The examples of heavenly meditation which
Baxter gives, really breathe of heaven; aud the importance of such
meditation as a duty, and as a means of spiritual growth, is admi-
rably set forth, and most powerfully enforced."
A celebrated critic remarks of Gildas Salvianus, or Re-
formed Pastor,
"Baxter's Reasons contain an able statement of the evidences”
-BICKERSTETH.
His Key for Catholics to open the Juggling of the Je-
suits has been commended as
"A masterly refutation of the errors and peculiar dogmas and
a thorough exposure of all the deceitful arts of the Romish Church
and Jesuitism."
His Church History of Bishops, and Treatise on Epis-
copacy,
Are among the best of Baxter's writings which have not been
republished, and well deserve the attention of inquirers into the
affairs of the Church."-ORME.
"Ilis vouchers are beyond all exception."-WESLEY.
"There is a living energy and spirit in the practical writings of
Baxter, which the reader seldom meets with in any other author.
His appeals to the conscience are often mighty and irresistible."
-Williams's Christian Preacher.
"Baxter wrote as in the view of eternity; but generally judi-
cious, nervous, spiritual, and evangelical, though often charged
with the contrary. He discovers a manly eloquence, and the most
evident proofs of an amazing genius, with respect to which he may
not improperly be called the English Demosthenes.”—Doddridge's
Lect. on Preaching.
"Pray read with great attention Baxter's Life of himself; it is
an inestimable work. There is no substitute for it in a course of
study for a clergyman or public man: I could almost as soon doubt
the Gospel verity as Baxter's veracity."-COLERIDGE.
Dr. Dibdin describes Baxter as
“A divine of a most capricious. yet powerful and original, mind.
What Prynne was in law and history. Baxter was in theology: as
the similarity. ia point of quaintness, in the titles of their re-
spective works, testifies."
"Baxter is my particular favourite: it is impossible to tell you
how much I am charmed with the devotion, good sense, and pa-
thos, which is everywhere to be found in him."-DoDDRIDGE.
A
· He cultivated every subject he handled, and if he had lived in
the primitive time. he had been one of the fathers of the church.
It was enough for one age to produce such a person.”—Bisnop
WILKINS.
“His life contains much useful matter, and many valuable par-
ticulars of the time of Charles I."-WILBERFORCE.
Boswell records the opinion of his great friend:
C
"I asked him what works of Richard Baxter's I should read. Ile
said Read any of them: they are all good."" Another of John-
son's friends tells us that the doctor thought Baxter's Reasons of
the Christian Religion contained the best collection of the evidences
of the divinity of the Christian system."
•
Works with life, by Rev. Wm. Orme, Lon., 1830, 23 vols.
Svo, £12 128. Od.
Svo, £12 128. 0d. Practical works, Lon., 1847, 4 vols. imp.
Svo, £3 38. Od.
Baxter, Thomas. The Circle squared, Lon., 1732,
accommodated to the Use of Younger Persons, Lon., 1740,
Svo. Matho, or the Principles of Astronomy & N. Philos.,
Once a popular work.
Svo.
Baxter, Thomas. An Illustration of the Egyptian,
Grecian, and Rom. Costume, with Descrip., Lon., 1810, Svo.
Baxter, William, 1650-1723, born at Llangollen, in
Shropshire, was a nephew of the celebrated Richard Baxter.
He became a proficient in antiquarian investigations and
in the dead languages. In 1679 he pub. a Latin Gram-
mar; and in 1695 an ed. of Anacreon, which was reprinted
in 1710 with improvements, which are said to be taken
from the ed. of Joshua Barnes, pub. in 1705. In 1701
appeared his celebrated ed. of Horace; the 2d ed. of which
was pub. in 1725. Dr. Harwood praises Baxter's ed. as
..
By far the best edition of Horace ever published. I have read
it many times through, and know its singular worth. England
has not produced a more elegant or judicious critic than Baxter."
Lowth pronounced the 2d ed. of Gesner's, pub. in 1772,
Gesner's Horace was based upon Baxter's, and Bishop
the best ed. of Horace ever delivered to the world. Mr.
Baxter was engaged in several other literary labours. In
1719 was pub. a portion of his Glossarium Antiquitatum
Britannicarum; the whole of this work was pub. before
his death at the expense of that ornament to literature, as
well as to the healing art, Dr. Richard Mead. That which
relates to the letter A was reprinted in the Reliquiæ Bax.
terianæ. His etymologies in this work are often correct
and undeniable, but some are capricious.
143
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BAY
|
"His conjectures will sometimes appear to be too hold, and too
much out of the common road; but more often surprisingly in-
structive, and always pleasant and diverting to either a British or
Irish Antiquary."-BISHOP NICOLSON.
Baxter, William. British Phonogamous Botany,
British Phonogamous Botany,
6 vols. 8vo, £5 15×.; coloured plates, £9, Lon., 1843.
Baxter, W. E. 1. America and Americans, Lon.,
12mo. 2. Impressions of Central and Southern Europe,
Svo. 3. Travels in Portugal, Spain, Italy, 1850-51, 2 vols.
p. Svo.
Bay, E. H. Reports of Cases in Superior Courts of
Law in S. Carolina since the Revolution; 2d ed., 2 vols.
Svo. New York, 1809-11.
Bay, W. Work on the Dysentery, N. York, 1797, 8vo.
Bayard, Elise Justine, d. in New York, was the
wife of Fulton Cutting, Esq., contributed a number of
poetical pieces to the periodicals of the day, The Literary
World, The Knickerbocker, &c.
"The amateur votary has shewn a vigor of thought, emotion,
and expression in some of her productions which gives the highest
promise of what she may accomplish should she devote her fine
intelligence to literature."-Griswold's Female Poets of America.
The few poems that she has published are enough to entitle
her to take a high rank among the poetesses of our country."
Woman's Record.
Bayard, James. A Brief Exposition of the Consti-
tution of the United States, &c., 12mo, Philadelphia, 1833.
Bayard, James A., 1767-1815, a native of Phila-
delphia. A speech of this distinguished American states-
man on the Foreign Intercourse Bill was pub. in 1798, and
his speech on the Repeal of the Judiciary in a vol. of the
speeches delivered in this controversy, pub. in 1802.
Bayard, Samuel. An Abstract of the Laws of the
United States which relate chiefly to the Duties and Au-
thority of the Judges of the Inferior State Courts, and
the Justices of the Pence throughout the Union, Svo,
New York, 1834. A Digest of American Cases on the Law
of Evidence, intended as notes to Peake's Compendium of
the Law of Evidence, 8vo, Philadelphia, 1810.
"It does not appear that these notes were ever inserted in an
edition of the book for which they were designed. After their first
preparation, the notes were expanded and published in their pre-
sent form. These abstracts of cases, arranged under appropriate
titles, have long since, in substance, been incorporated into other
works upon the law of evidence."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Bayes, Joshua, 1671-1761, a Presbyterian minister,
was one of the writers who completed Matthew Henry's
Commentary on the Holy Scriptures. He pub. a work
against Popery, 1735, 2 vols. Svo.
Bayes, Rev. Thomas. Con. to Phil. Trans. Abr.,
1763, etc.
Bayfield, Mrs. Fugitive Poems, 1805. Gleanings,
&c., 1806.
Bayfield, R. Bulwarke of Truth, &c., Lon., 1657, 8vo.
Bayfield, Robt. Med. works, Lon., 1655, 62, '3, '8, '77.
Bayford, A. F. Report, &c., Office of the Judge,
Lon., 1845, Svo. Argument against the Bp. of Exeter, on
behalf of Rev. G. C. Gorham, 2d ed., Lon., 1849, 8vo.
Bayford, David. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1789.
Bayford, Thos. Medical treatises, Lon., 1767-72.
Bayldon, J. S. Treatise on the Poor Rate, 2d ed.,
Lon., 1834, 8vo. The Art of Valuing Rents and Tillages,
&c., 1825, 8vo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Baylee, Joseph. The Institutions of the Church
of England are of Divine Authority, 3d ed., improved, sm.
8vo, Dubl., 1838.
Bayley, R. B. The Sorrows of Eliza, Lon., 1811, 8vo.
Bayley, C., D.D. The Christian's Choice, Manch.,
801, 12mo.
Bayley, Catherine. Vacation Evenings, 1809, 3
vols. 12mo. Zadig and Astarte, from the French of Vol-
taire, 1810, 8vo.
Bayley, Cornelius. Theolog. works, &c., Lon.,
1782, '85, '86. An Easy Entrance into the Sacred Lan-
guage, &c., Lon., 1782, 8vo.
Bayley, Edward, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1736.
Bayley, Fr. On Fines and Recoveries, Lon., 1828, 8vo.
Bayley, Francis. Funeral Sermons, 1660, 4to.
Bayley, Frederick W. N. B., 1807-1852, British
journalist, first editor of Illustrated London News. 1.
Four Years' Residence in the West Indies, 1830. 2. New
Tale of a Tub, in Verse, 16mo and 4to. 3. Tales of the
Late Revolution, 12mo. 4. Wake of Ecstasy; a Poem,
4to. 5. Little Red Riding Hood. 6. Blue Beard, &c.
Bayley, George. Guide to the Tongue, 1804, fol.
The Young Mathematician's Assistant, 1805, 4to.
Bayley, Rev. H. V. Sermon, Manchester, 1803, 8vo.
Bayley, Joel. Astronom. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1769.
Bayley, Sir John, 1763-1841. A Summary of the
Law of Bills of Exchange, Cash Bills, and Promissory
Notes, 1st ed., 1789; 5th ed., edited by Francis Bayley,
Svo, Lon., 1830; 2d American ed., Boston, 1836.
"Bayley on Bills is, no doubt, an admirable specimen of accu
rate deduction of the principles to be extracted from reported deci.
sions. and of concise and lucid statements of those principles."
Raymond's Reports, &c.; 4th ed., Lon., 1790, 3 vols. 1.
Svo. Book of Common Prayer, with Notes, 1816.
Bayley, John. The Forester; a Drama, 1798, Svo.
Bayley, John. History and Antiquities of the Tower
of London, Lon., 1821-25, 4to; 2 vols. with plates. Pub.
at £6 168. 6d.; large paper, £12 128.
"This exceedingly beautiful and esteemed work is very scarce
on large paper, and sometimes valued at more than its published
price."
**
That the history of the venerable fortress could have fallen
into superior hands is impossible; for there is a caution, an acute-
ness, and a judgment visible in the writings of Mr. Bayley, which
are demonstrative evidence of his accuracy and scrupulous fidelity."
—Gentleman's Magazine.
Bayley, John, b. 1814, in Eng. Settled in U. S.,
1836. Confessions of a converted Infidel, &c. Contrib.
to various journals.
Bayley, John B. Commentaries on the Laws of
England, in the order, and compiled from the text, of
Blackstone; and embracing the new statutes and altera-
tions to the present time, Svo, Lon., 1840.
"He has applied the pruning knife so assiduously, that scarcely
a leaf or branch remains of The Commentaries. Four volumes are
packed into one, and his book is a bold abridgement of a work
that, as it is, the most enlightened jurists have pronounced a
model of excellence of legal composition, and wonderful accuracy
in the statement of legal principles.”—Marvin's Legul Bibl.
Bayley, Peter, Jr. Poems, Lon., 1803, Svo.
"These poems certainly discover some fire, and some power of
expression. If a second edition should be demanded, we earnestly
recommend to the author a steady application of the file; and an
endeavour, in all parts of his book, to do better even where he may
at present conceive, and most readers will allow, that he has done
well."-Monthly Review.
Bayley, Richard, M.D., 1745-1801, an eminent phy-
sician of New York, took great interest in investigations
connected with the Yellow Fever. He pub. Cases of the
Angina Tracheatis, with the mode of Cure, New York,
1781, Svo. Essay on the Yellow Fever, 1797. Letters on
Yellow Fever, 1798. See Thacher's Med. Biography.
Bayley, Wm. Employment of the Poor, &c., Lon.,
1757, 8vo.
Baylie, Richard. An Answer to Mr. Fisher's Re-
lation of a Third Conference between Bp. Wm. Laud and
himself, Lon., 1624, fol.
Baylie, Robert. Review of Bramhall's Warning,
Delph., 1649, 4to.
Baylie, Thos. De Merito M. Christi, &c., Oxon.,
1626, 4to.
Baylies, or Baylis, Wm., M.D., 1724-1787. He
was physician to Frederic II., King of Prussia. His ma-
jesty, on being informed of the extensive practice which
Dr. B. had enjoyed, asked him how many he had killed.
The physician replied with no little tact, "Pas tant que
votre majesté." Short Remarks on Dr. Perry's Analysis
made on the Stratford Mineral Water, &c., Stratford-on-
Avon, 1748, 8vo. Essay on the Bath Water, &c., Lon.,
1757, Svo. Narrative of Facts, &c., Bath, 1757, 4to. His-
tory of Bath Hospital, Lon., 1758, 8vo. Reply to a Pam-
phlet, &c., 1759, Svo. Facts and Observations relative to
the Small Pox, Edin., 1781, 8vo.
Baylis, John. Four dramatic Pieces, trans. from the
French, Lon., 1804.
Bayly, Anselm, sub-dean of his Majesty's Chapels
Royal, pub. a number of educational and theological works,
Lon., 1751-89. The Old Testament, English and Hebrew,
with Remarks Critical and Grammatical on the Hebrew,
and Corrections of the English, Lon., 1774, 4 vols. 8vo.
"It contains scarcely any information of importance of a criti
cal nature; as the notes, which are placed under the English text,
are very few and short.”—Orme.
Bayly, Arthur. Con. to Phil. Trans. Abr., 1685.
Bayly, Benjamin, d. about 1720, Rector of St.
James's, Bristol. An Essay on Inspiration, Lon., 1707,
(anon.,) 2d ed. enlarged, 1708, 8vo.
"The internal and external evidences required in a divine reve
lation are well laid down in the 2d part of this essay."-KIPPIS.
Sermons on Various Subjects, 2 vols. 8vo, 1721.
"He was a great admirer and master of the Socratic way of argu
ing; his sense is substantial, his reasoning sound, his persuasion
cogent."-Cyc. Bibl.
Bayly, Edward. Sermons, 1749, '56, '83.
Bayly, John, 1595-1633, son of Lewis, Bishop of
Bangor, entered Exeter College, Oxford, in 1611. The
Angel Guardian, Lon., 1630, 4to. The Light enlighten-
ing. Lon., 1630, 4to.
Bayly, Lewis, d. 1632, Bishop of Bangor, was born
144
BAY
BEA
at Caermarthen, and educated at Oxford. After officiating,
five years at Evesham in Worcestershire, he was conse-
crated Bishop of Bangor in 1616. The Practice of Piety.
This work had an extraordinary popularity; the 51st ed.
was pub. Lon., 1714. Trans. into French, Welsh, Hun-
garian, and Polish.
Bayly, Richard. Sermon, Lon., 1640, 8vo.
Bayly, Robert. Parallel of the Liturgy, with the
Mass Book, 1661, 4to.
Bayly, Tho., d. 1670, Bishop of Killala and Achonry,
Theophilact's Comments on St. Paul, Lon., 1636. Sermon
on Gal. v. 12; preached before King Charles I. in the time
of the Great Rebellion, Lon., 1707, 8vo.
Bayly, Thomas, youngest son of Lewis, Bishop of
Bangor, was educated at Cambridge. In 1638 he was
made sub-dean of Wells. In 1649 he pub. Certamen Re-
ligiorum, or a Conference between King Charles I. and
Henry, late Marquis of Worcester, concerning Religion, in
Ragland Castle, 1646.
The Royal Charter granted unto Kings by God himself,
with a Treatise wherein it is proved that Episcopacy is
Jure Divino, 1649, Svo. This work gave offence, and the
author was imprisoned in Newgate, where he wrote his
Herba Parietis, or the Wall Flower as it grows out of the
Stone Chamber belonging to the Metropolitan Prison,
fol. 1650.
"The poems and songs of Mr. Haynes Bayly will not be entitled
to a high place in the literature of our age; a certain air of insub-
stantiality attaches to them all; the pathos rarely goes down to
the springs of the human feelings, and the humour scarcely ex-
ceeds the playfulness which marks elegant society in its daily ap
pearances."
“He possessed a playful fancy, a practised ear, a refined taste.
and a sentiment which ranged pleasantly from the fanciful to the
pathetic, without, however, strictly attaining either the highly
imaginative, or the deeply passionate."-MOIR.
He escaped to the continent, and became a zealous Roman
Catholic, and in 1654 pub. at Douay, the End to Contro-
versy between the Roman Catholic and Protestant Reli-
gions, &c. Several other works are ascribed to our author.
Bayly, Thomas Haynes, 1797-1839, was born near
Bath, England, where his father was an eminent solicitor.ble
He was intended for the church, and studied for some time
at Oxford. After his marriage, in 1826, he resided for
some years at a country seat in Sussex. In 1831 he ex-
perienced a melancholy reverse in his pecuniary affairs,
and for the rest of his life was a sufferer from many mor-
tifications to which poverty subjects those whose habits
and tastes have been formed amid affluence and elegance.
His literary industry was very great. In a few years he
wrote no less than thirty-six pieces for the stage, several |
Novels and Tales, and his "songs came to be numbered
by hundreds." We give the titles of his publications:
Aylmers, a novel, 3 vols. post Svo. Kindness in Women,
tales, 3 vols. post Svo. Parliamentary Letters, and other
Poems, 12mo. Rough Sketches of Bath, 12mo. Weeds
of Witchery, poems, r. Svo. To which must be added,
Poetical Works and Memoir by his Widow, 2 vols. post
Svo. Mr. Bayly's songs are among the best known and
most generally admired in the language. Who is not fa-
miliar with the touching pathos of The Soldier's Tear;
We met,-'twas in a Crowd; Oh, no, we never mention
Her; the joyous abandon of I'd be a Butterfly; or the
good-natured satire of My Married Daughter could you
sce; and Why Don't the Men Propose?
Bayly, William, d. 1810, an eminent astronomer.
accompanied Capt. Cook in 1772, and pub. the results of
his observations under the title of Astronomical Observa-
tions on board the "Resolution" and "Adventure," in a
voyage round the world in 1772, Lon., 1774, 4to. Several
Several
subsequent publications appeared upon the same subject.
Baylye, Thos. A Glympse of Paradise, 1710, Svo.
Baynam, Wm., 1749–1814, of Virginia. Con. to Med.
Journals.
London. Ile was elected a Fellow of Christ Church,
Cambridge, and succeeded the celebrated Perkins as lec-.
turer of St. Andrew's Church.
A Commentary on the 1st chap. of the Epistle to the
Ephesians, handling the controversy of Predestination,
Lon., 1618.
"A useful Puritan exposition."-BICKERSTETII.
"Dr. Sibbs acknowledges himself indebted to Bayne, instru-
mentally, for his conversion.”—LOWNDES.
Devotions unto a Godly Life, Lon., 1618, 8vo. Bayne
also wrote a Commentary upon a portion of the Epistle to
the Colossians, (1635,) and other works, pub. 1618-43.
Bayne, Rev. Peter, whilst pursuing his theological
studies at Edinburgh, contributed to the Edinburgh Maga-
zine a number of critical articles on the writings of Sir
Archibald Alison, De Quincey, Tennyson, Ruskin, Mrs.
Browning, and other authors, which attracted attention
and commendation. Some of these papers have been re-
printed in Nos. 2 and 3. 1. The Christian Life, Social and
Individual, Lon., 1855, p. 8vo; Bost., 1857, 12mo.
"The master idea on which it has been formed is, we deem,
wholly original; and we regard the execution of it as not less happy
than the conception is good."-HUGH MILLER.
Baynes, E. D. Ovid's Epistles, 1818, vol. i. Svo.
Baynes, H. S. The Church at Philippi, or the Doc-
trine and Conduct of the Early Christians illustrated; with
a recomm. Introduc. by J. P. Smith, D.D., Jon., 1834, 12mo.
Intended to serve as a historical commentary upon St. Paul's
Epistle to the Philippians."
Baynes, or Baines, Ralph, d. 1559, a native of
Yorkshire, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge.
In 1555 he was, by Queen Mary, made Bishop of Coven-
try and Lichfield. Previously he had been royal professor
of Hebrew at Paris. Prima Rudimenta in Linguam He-
braicam. Paris, 1550, 4to.
Baynes, Robt. Discourses, Moral and Religious,
adapted to a Naval Audience, preached on board his Ma-
jesty's ship the "
Who is not fa- jesty's ship the "Tremendous," during the years 1802, '03,
and '04, Lon.. 1807, Svo. A Fast Sermon, 1809.
Baynes, Roger. Praise of Solitariness, Lon., 1577,
4to. The Baynes of Agvisgrane, Aug., 1617, 4to.
Baynham, William. Con. to Med. Tracts, 1791.
Baynton, Thomas. Medical Works, 1799-1813.
Beach, Abraham, of Connecticut, d. 1828. Hearing
the Word. A Serm., American Preacher, iii. A Fune-
ral Serm. on Dr. Chandler, 1790.
works, pub. 1732–72.
Beach, John, of Connecticut, d. 1782.
Theolog.
Beach, Philip. Letters to T. Burnet, Lon., 1736, Svo.
Beach, Thos. Eugenio; a poem, Lon., 1737, 4to.
Beach, W. W. Abradates and Panthea, 1765, 4to.
Beachcroft, Robt. P. Sermons, 1809-16.
Beacher, L. Account of V. Gertru. Lon., 1665, 4to.
Beacon, R. Solon his Follie, or a Politique Discourse,
touching the Reformation of Common-weales conquered,
declined, or corrupted, Oxf., 1594, 4to. Dedicated to Queen
Elizabeth.
Bayne, D., or K., M.D. Prof. treat., Lon., 1727-38.
Bayne, or Baine, James, 1710-1790, minister in
Edinburgh. He preached a sermon against Foote's
"Minor;" Foote rejoined in "An Apology for the Minor,
in a Letter to the Rev. Mr. Baine, by Samuel Foote,
Esq.," 1771. Discourses on Various Subjects, 1778, 8vo.
Bayne, or Baynes, Paul, d. 1617, was a native of
•
2. Essays in Biographical Criticism: 1st Ser., 1857, 12mo;
2d Ser., 1858, 12mo. These two vols. were pub. at the
request of the Boston publishers. See N. Amer. Rev.,
July, 1858, 274.
"They indicate the traits of mind and heart which render 'Tho
Christian Life' so intensely suggestive and vitalizing, and at the
same time display a critical power seldom equalled in comprehen-
siveness, depth of insight, candid appreciation, and judicial in-
tegrity."-N. Amer. Rev.
Baynes, C. R. Notes and Reflections during a Ram-
in the East, &c. An Overland Journey to India, &c.,
p. Svo, Lon., 1843.
So many other travellers and authors have preceded him over
every inch of his ground, that it was impossible to have original
information to communicate."-Literary Gazette.
Beacon, Thomas. See BECON.
Beadle, John. The Diary of a Thankful Christian,
Lon., 1656, Svo.
Baynard, Edward, M.D. Profess. Treatises, Lon.,
1694-1706.
Bayne, Alexander, d. 1737, Prof. Law in Edin-
burgh Univ. Hope's Minor Practicks from MS., with a
Discourse on the Rise and Progress of the Law of Scot-69. '70, 75, 76, 77.
land, and the Method of Studying it, 1726. Other Trea-
tises, Edin., 1747, '48, '49.
Beadon, Richard, D.D., Bishop of Bath and Wells.
A Fast Day Sermon, 1793, 4to. A Sermon, 4to.
Beak, Francis.Letters against Anabaptists. Lon.,1701.
Beal, John, 1603-1683, an English divine and philo-
sopher, contributed many papers to Phil. Trans., 1666, '67,
Beale, Bart. Diseases from Vicious Blood, Lon.,
1700, Svo.
Beale, John. Horticult. works, Oxf. & Lon., 1653-77.
Beale,John. Work on the German Flute, Lon.,1812,fol.
Beale, Lionel S., M.D., Professor of Physiology and
General and Morbid Anatomy in King's College, London.
The Laws of Health in their Relations to Mind and Body
A Series of Letters from an Old Practitioner to a Patient,
Sro.
p.
•
10
145
BEA
BEA
"We gladly welcome Mr. Beale's work. The observations are
those of a most experienced and intelligent practitioner, and do
equal credit to his head and heart. It is not to the lay reader only
that Mr. Beale's work will be acceptable; and we augur for it an
extensive popularity.”—Lon. Lancet.
Treatise on Distortions and Deformities, 8vo. The Mi-
croscope, and its Application to Clinical Medicine, p. Svo;
new ed., 1857, r. Svo. Other works.
Beale, Anne.
8vo. Poems, 12mo.
South Wales, p. Svo.
p. Svo, 1855.
Baronet's Family, Lon., 3 vols. P.
p.
Vale of the Towey; or, Sketches of
Simplicity and Fascination, 3 vols.
Beale, Mary, 1632–1697, a painter and poetess, con-
tributed to Dr. Woodford's trans. of the Psalms.
“An absolutely complete gentlewoman."—Woodford.
"That masculine poet, as well as painter, the incomparable Mrs.
Beale."-Oldys's MSS.
Beale, Robert, d. 1601, a civilian and statesman, was
a zealous Protestant, and on account of his religious prin-
ciples resided on the Continent during the reign of Queen
Mary. He embraced the occasion to form a valuable his-
torical library. He wrote a treatise on the marriage of
Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, with Mary, the French
queen; another on the marriage of the Earl of Hertford
with Lady Catherine Grey; and his discourse on the Pari-
sian massacre, in the form of a letter to Lord Burghley,
is in the Cotton MSS. in the British Museum. His prin-
cipal work is a collection of some of the Spanish historians,
entitled Rerum Hispanicarum Scriptores, France, 1579,
2 vols. fol. Some letters of his will be found in Lodge's
Illustrations of British History, and in Wright's Queen
Elizabeth and her Times.
Bealey, Joseph. Observations, 1790. Sermons, 1810.
Beames, John. Legal treatises, Lon., 1812-27.
Beames, Thomas. Sermons, Lon., 1850, &c.
Beamish, N. L. Hist. of the King's German Legion,
1803-16, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo. Discovery of America by the
Northmen in the Tenth Century, 1841, Svo.
Bean, Charles. Sermons, 1707-16.
Bean, James. Theological works, 1789-1817. Pa-
rochial Serms., Lon., Svo. Family Worship: Morning and
Evening Prayers for every day in the month; 20th ed., 1846.
Bean, Joseph, Massachusetts. Serm., 1773.
Beanus, or Beyn, first Bishop of Aberdeen, d. 1047.
Dempster gives a list of his writings.
Bear, John. Sermon, 1748, 8vo.
Bearblock, James. On Tithes, Lon., 1805-09.
Bearcroft, Philip, D.D., 1697-1761, master of the
Charter-House, and Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, pub.
An Historical Account of Thomas Sutton, Esq., and of his
foundation in the Charter-House, Lon., 1737, Svo. Ser-
mons, &c., 1726–48.
Bearcroft, William. Fast Sermon, 1756, Svo.
Beard, Henry. Impris. of Debtors, Lon., 1801, 8vo.
Beard, J. R., D.D. 1. Voices of the Church, Lon.,
1845, 8vo. 2. Historical and Artistic Illustrations of the
Trinity, 8vo. 3. Illustrations of the Divine in Christianity,
8vo. 4. People's Dict. of the Bible, 2 vols. 8vo. 5. Ser-
mons and Prayers for Families, 2 vols. 8vo. 6. Unita-
rianism Exhibited in its Actual Condition, 8vo. 7. Religious
Knowledge, 1856, 2 vols. p. 8vo. S. A Revised English
Bible the Want of the Church and the Demand of the Age,
1857, cr. 8vo. Other works.
Beard, Richard, M.D.
1726.
Beard, Thomas, D.D., an author of the Elizabethan
period, is best known as the compiler of the Theatre of
God's Judgments, Lon., 1597, 4to, in which he is said to
have been assisted by Dr. Thos. Taylor.
Med. Con. to Phil. Trans.,
"In the third edit., 1631, 4to, from page 542 to the end is for the
first time added. The 4th, and generally esteemed best, edit. ap-
peared in 1648, small 4to.”
A Retractive from the Romish Religion, Lon., 1616, 4to.
Antichrist the Pope of Rome, Lon., 1625, 4to. Pedantius,
1631,12mo. Dr. Beard was Oliver Cromwell's schoolmaster.
Beare, Matt. Discourse of the Senses, Exon., 1710,4to.
Beare, Nicholas. Sermons, 1679–1707.
Bearne, Edward. Two Sermons, 1726, 4to.
Beart, John A. Vindication of the Eternal Law and
Everlasting Gospel, 1707, 12mo. Elicited by Crisp's Ser-
mons, pub. in 1691.
"Extremely useful as an adjunct to the shop library; a prket
Pharmacopoeia Universalis, containing, in addition to the officinal
formula, those magistral preparations which are so continually
required at the hands of the dispenser."-Lon. Annals of Chemistry
and Pharmacy.
Beasley, Henry. 1. The Book of Prescriptions,
2900, English and Foreign, Lon., 24mo. 2. The Pocket
Formulary and Synopsis of the British and Foreign Phar-
macopoeias; 5th ed., enlarged, 24mo.
3. The Druggists' General Receipt-Book, 3d ed. 24mo.
"The General Receipt-Book is an extensive appendix to the
Pocket Formulary. No Pharmaceutist who possesses the latter,
ought to be without the former, for the two form a complete Counter
Companion."-Lm. Annals of Pharmacy.
Beasly, Thos. J. Legal treatises, Dubl., 1837-44.
Lectures relative to the profession of Attorney and Soli-
citor, 8vo, Dubl., 1842.
"These Lectures are fraught with valuable historical informa-
tion upon the origin of Attorneys in ancient and modern times,
and contain many valuable suggestions relative to their duties
and responsibilities."
Beasly, W. Inclosing Waste Lands, 1812.
Beatniffe, John. Sermon, 1590, 16mo.
Beaton, Beton, or Bethune, David, 1494–1546,
Archbishop of St. Andrew's in Scotland, and Cardinal of
the Roman Church, was educated in the University of St.
Andrews, and studied divinity at the University of Paris,
where he took orders. According to Dempster, he wrote,
1. Memoirs of his own Embassies. 2. A Treatise of Peter's
Primacy, and 3. Letters to several persons. Of these last
there are said to be some copies preserved in the King's
Library at Paris.
"His high station in the Church placed him in the way of great
employments; his abilities were equal to the greatest of these;
early application to public business kept him acquainted with the
nor did he reckon any of them to be above his merit. . . His
learning and controversies of the age."-ROBERTSON.
His persecution of the Protestants, and especially the
death of George Wishart, was punished by his assassina-
tion in his castle, in 1546, by John and Norman Lesley,
Peter Carmichael, and James Melvil. See Biog. Brit.,
Mackenzie, Hume, Robertson.
Beaton, Beton, or Bethune, James, 1517-1603,
Archbishop of Glasgow, and nephew to the preceding, was
educated in Paris, under the care of his uncle the cardi-
nal. He is said to have written, 1. A Commentary on the
Book of Kings. 2. A Lamentation for the kingdom of
Scotland. 3. A Book of Controversies against the Secta-
ries. 4. Observations upon Gratian's Decretals. 5. A Col-
lection of Scotch Proverbs. None of these have been
printed.-DEMPSTER: Biog. Brit.
Beatson, Lt.-Col. Alexander. War with Tippoo
Sultaun, Lou., 1800, 4to. A work on St. Helena, Lon.,
1816, 4to.
A
"This work contains little else than statistical, meteorological,
and agricultural, observations on the Island, and plans for its
better administration and cultivation.”
Beatson, John. Theological works, Lon., 1774, '77,
'79, '89.
Political Index to the
Beatson, Robt., 1742-1818.
Histories of Great Britain and Ireland, Edin., 1786, Svo;
3d ed., Lon., 1806, Svo, 3 vols. This is the best ed. of this
useful work, which is a compilation from Dugdale's Sum-
mons to Parliament, The Historical Register, and works
of like character. Haydy's Book of Diguities is founded
upon the Political Index. Naval and Military Memoirs
of Great Britain, 1727-90, Lon., 1790, 3 vols. 8vo; 2d ed.,
Lon., 1804, 6 vols. Svo. General View of the Agriculture
of the County of Fife, Edin., 1794, 4to.
land is well discussed."-Donaldson's Agricult. Bing.
"Many useful observations on general agriculture; the lease of
Mr. B. pub. some other works.
Beattie. Aristotelis de Rhetorica, Camb., 1728, 8vo.
Laurencekirk, in Kincardineshire, Scotland, on the 20th of
Beattie, James, LL.D., &c., 1735–1803, was born at
October. His father was a shopkeeper and farmer, and is
tinguished for his productions. In 1749 James was sent.
said to have been something of a poet, though never dis-
to the Marischal College, at Aberdeen, where he remained
for four years. He studied divinity with the intention of
taking orders, but relinquished this idea. In 1758 he ob-.
tained the situation of usher in the grammar-school of
Aberdeen, and two years later was honoured by the ap-
pointment of Professor of Moral Philosophy and Logic in
Marischal College, which post he retained until within a
short period of his death. In 1760 he pub. a volume of
poems, the most of which had appeared anonymously in
Beasley, Rev. Frederick, 1777–1845, Prof. Moral the Scot's Magazine. A portion of these were reprinted in
Philos. Univ. Penna., 1813-28. 1. A Search of Truth in 1766, with the addition of a translation of one of Addison's
the Science of the Human Mind, 1822, 8vo. 2. Examina-pieces, and some verses on the death of Churchill. These
tion of the Oxford Divinity.
last, and indeed almost all of our author's earlier pieces,
were not deemed by him worthy of a place in future edi-
tions of his works. In 1765 he pub. a poem entitled Tho
Judgment of Paris. The design was good, but the poetry
was not considered equal to the moral. In 1767 he was
146
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BEA
married to Miss Mary Dun, daughter of the rector of the
grammar-school at Aberdeen. Some two years before his
marriage he became acquainted with the poet Gray, and a
friendship was established which was dissolved only by the
death of the latter in 1771. In 1770 he pub. his Essay on
Truth, which was intended as an antidote to the skeptical
philosophy of Hume: he desired
"To overthrow skepticism, and establish conviction in its place;
a conviction not in the least favourable to bigotry or projudice, far
less to a persevering spirit, but such a conviction as produces firm-
ness of mind and stability of principle, in a consistence with mo-
deration, candour, and liberal inquiry.”
The success of this work was worthy of its excellent de-
sign. In less than four years it went through five editions,
and had been translated into several foreign languages.
He received encouragement to take orders in the Church
of England, but declined the overture. In 1760, Beattie
wrote to Dr. Blackwall that he had commenced "a poem
in the style and stanza of Spenser," but he had "resolved
to write no more poetry with a view to publication, till he
saw some dawnings of a poetical taste among the gene-
rality of readers." The first book of The Minstrel, thus
referred to, made its appearance in 1771, and was most
favourably received. He was honoured by the intimacy
of Johnson, Goldsmith, Reynolds, and Garrick; and in
1773 received a substantial token of royal favour in the
shape of a pension of £200 per annum. Dr. Beattie gives
a very interesting account of an interview with which he
was honoured by George III. and the queen :
66
They both complimented me in the highest terms on my Essay,
which they said was a book they always kept by them; and the
king said he had one copy of it at Kew, and another in town, and
immediately went and took it down from the shelf. I never stole
a book but once,' said his majesty, and that was yours.' speak
ing to me. I stole it from the queen, to give it to Lord Hertford
to read.' He had heard that the sale of Hume's Essays had failed
since my book was published; and I told him what Mr. Strahan
had told me in regard to that matter."
The author intended to add a second part to the Essay
on Truth, but it was never completed.
The second book of The Minstrel appeared in 1774, and
was received with as much favour as the former. Shortly
before this, Dr. Beattie had declined the offer of the Pro-
fessorship of Moral Philosophy in the University of Edin-
burgh. In 1776 he pub. by a subscription of nearly 500
names, a new edition of his Essay on Truth, with some
other essays in the same volume: On Poetry and Music,
On Laughter and Ludicrous Composition, and On the
Utility of Classical Learning. In 1777 a new edition of
The Minstrel was given to the world. In this edition was
comprised a selection of the author's other poetical pieces.
A Letter to Dr. Blair on Psalmody was printed, but not
published, in 1778. A List of Scotticisms appeared in 1779,
and during the next year he contributed to the Mirror some
papers. His Evidences of the Christian Religion, 2 vols.
Svo, was pub. 1786.
"Dr. Beattie's Evidences of Christianity is, perhaps, the most
popular, as it is certainly the most useful, of his prose writings."-
SIR WM. FORBES.
In 1790 he gave to the world the first volume of his Ele-
ments of Moral Science, edited a new edition of Addison's
periodical papers, and contributed a paper to the Royal
Society of Edinburgh's publications. Three years later
appeared the second volume of the Elements of Moral Sci-
ence. The death of his two sons in 1790 and 1796, and
other domestic afflictions, greatly impaired his health,
which had been for many years declining, and after much
suffering, he died on the 18th of August, 1803. He pub.
in 1779 the Miscellanies of his son, James Hay Beattie.
He was buried beside his two sons in the churchyard of
St. Nicholas, Aberdeen.
Of the character of Dr. Beattie, it is only necessary to
say that he was a philanthropist and a Christion of no
common order.
An Account of his Life and Writings, with many of his
letters, was pub. at Edin., 2 vols. 4to, in 1806, by Sir Wil-
liam Forbes. We find frequent reference to our author in
Boswell's Life of Dr. Johnson. Johnson remarks to
Boswell:
"
• •
I
T
On another occasion, Johnson contrasted Beattie favour.
ably with Robertson:
"There is more thought in the novelist than in the historian.
There is but a shallow stream of thought in history.' BOSWELL:
'But surely, sir, an historian has reflection? JOHNSON: 'Why,
yes, sir: and so has cat when she catches a mouse for her kitten:
but she cannot write like [Beattie:] neither can [Robertson.]'
Such was his sensibility, and so much was he affected by pathetic
poetry, that when he was reading Dr. Beattie's Hermit, in my pre-
sence, it brought tears into his eyes. The particular passage
which excited this strong emotion was, as I have heard from my
father. the third stanza, "Tis Night,' &c.”—J. Bo;WELL, Jr. "The
fourth."-MARKLAND.
•
•
•
The Essay on Truth is now but little read. The Edin-
burgh Reviewer of Sir William Forbes's volumes censures
the Essay in no measured terms:
"Every one has not the capacity of writing philosophically;
but every one may be at least temperate and candid; and Dr. Beat-
tie's book is still more remarkable for being abusive and acrimo-
nious, than for its defects in argument and originality. There are
no subjects, however. in the wide world of human speculation,
upon which such vehemence appears more groundless and unac
countable, than the greater part of those which have served Dr.
Beattie for topics of declamation or invective."
the only author I have seen whose critical and philosophical re-
"Beattie, the most agreeable and amiable writer I ever met with,
searches are diversified and embellished by a poetical imagination,
that makes even the driest subject and the leanest a feast for an
epicure in books. He is so much at his case, too, that his own
character appears in every page, and, which is very rare, we see not
only the writer. but the man; and the man so gentle. so well tem-
pered, so happy in his religion, and so humane in bis philosophy,
that it is necessary to love him if one has any sense of what is
lovely.”—Cowper.
The Minstrel was designed to "trace the progress of a
poetical genius, born in a rude age, from the first dawning
of fancy and reason, till that period at which he may be
supposed capable of appearing in the world as a minstrel."
**
I find you are willing to suppose, that, in Edwin, I have given
only a picture of myself as I was in my younger days. I confess
the supposition is not groundless."-Beattie to Lady Forbes.
"The beauty of external nature was never more finely worship-
ped than in the conclusion of the ninth stanza, which Gray truly
pronounced to be inspired."-Edin. Encyclopædia.
Bishop Warburton pronounced Dr. Beattie to be “ supe-
rior to the whole crew of Scotch metaphysicians."
Beattie, James Hay, 1768-1790, son of the preced-
ing, a "most amiable and promising youth." Miscellanies,
Essays, and Fragments, with an account of his Life and
Character, by James Beattie, LL.D., Lon., 1799, 12mo.
The English poems display an energy of expression. a vivacity
of description, and an opposite variety of numbers, far beyond the
years of the author.”
Beattie, William, M.D., the friend, fellow-traveller,
and biographer of the late W. H. Bartlett, assisted the
latter in several of his publications. 1. Residence in Ger-
many, Lon., 1822-26, 2 vols. Svo. 2. The Pilgrim in Italy,
12mo. 3. The Castles and Abbeys of England, imp. Svo,
2 Series; 2d Ser., 1851. 4. Scotland Illustrated, 1838,
2 vols. 4to. 5. The Waldenses Illustrated, 1838, 4to. 6.
The Danube: its History, Scenery, &c., 1844, 12mo. 7. Life
and Letters of Thos. Campbell, 3 vols. p. Svo. See BART-
LETT, WILLIAM HENRY.
Pennsylvania, 1786, Svo. The Monitor, 1786, Svo.
Beatty, Charles. Journal of a Missionary Tour in
Beatty, Francis. Cases in Chancery, Ireland, Dubl.,
1829, Sro.
Beatty, W., M.D., 1770-1843. Narrative of the
Death of Nelson, Lon., 1807, Svo.
Beauchamps, Lord. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1741,
containing divers sortes of Hands, &c., Lon.. 1570, 4to.
Beauchesne, John de, and John Baldon. Booke
"I apprehend them to have been written by Mr. Beauchesne, a
schoolmaster in Blackfriars, and cut on wood by Mr. Baldon.”- -
HERBERT.
Beauclerc, Rt. Rev. James, Lord-Bishop of Here.
ford, d. 1787. Sermon preached before the Lords, on 1
Sam. xv. 23. (Jan. 30,) Lon., 1752, 4to.
Beaufort, D. A., Rector of Lym. Scripture Sufficient
without Tradition. The Norrisian Prize Essay for 1840,
Lon., 1841, Svo.
Beaufort, Daniel Augustus, Rector of Navan, in
the county of Meath. A work on the Church of Rome,
Dubl., 17SS, Svo. Memoir of a Map of Ireland, &c., Dubl.
and Lon., 1792, 4to.
You are a great favourite of Dr. Beattie. Of Dr. Beattie I
should have thought much, but that his lady puts him out of my
head: she is a very lovely woman. We all love Beattie. Mrs.
Thrale says, if ever she has another husband, she'll have Beattie.
Beattie's book [Essay on Truth] is, I believe, every day more
liked; at least, I like it more as I look more upon it.”
"An exceedingly valuable work, containing a succinct account
of the civil and ecclesiastical state of Ireland, and an Index of all
••
With this favourable opinion the author was highly the places which appear on the author's map."-LOWNDES.
pleased. He writes to Boswell :
·
"You judge very rightly in supposing that Dr. Johnson's fa-
vourable opinion of my book must give me great delight. Indeed,
it is impossible for me to say how much I am gratified by it; for
there is not a man on earth whose good opinion I would be more
ambitious to cultivate."
Beaufort, Rear-Admiral Sir Francis, K.C.B.,
F.R.S., &c., late Hydrographer to the Admiralty, d. 1857.
Karamania; or, A Brief Description of the South Coast of
Asia Minor and of the Remains of Antiquity, Lon.,1817, 8vo.
“A valuable addition to the maritime geography and antiquities
of a part of Asia not described hitherto."
147.
BEA
BEA
Beaufort, John. The Daughter of Adoption, Lon.,
1800, 4 vols. 12mo.
Beaufort, Margaret, Countess of Richmond and
Derby, and mother of Henry VII., 1441-1509, translated.
from French into English, The Mirrour of Golde for the
sinfull Soule, printed by Pynson, in 4to. Treatise of the
Imitation of Christ; printed at the end of Dr. Wm. Atkin-
son's English trans. of the three first books, 1504. A Let-
A Let-
ter to her son is printed in Howard's Collection of Letters.
Her Will, which is very curious, is in the Collection of
Royal and Noble Wills, p. 376, 1780, 4to.
"That she was a zealous patroness of literature is obvious from
the testimony of several publications which were undertaken and
executed at the command, exhortation, or enticement, of the priu-
ess Margaret."
**
Right studious she was in bokes, which she had in grete num-
her, both in Englysh and in Latin, and in Frenshe; and for her
exercise, aud for the profyte of others, she did translate divers
matters of devocyon out of the Frensh into Englysh."-Bishop
Fisher's Mornynge Remembraunce.
See Park's Walpole's Royal and Noble Authors.
Beaufoy, Henry. Speeches, &c., 1787-88, 1810–14.
Beaufoy, Col. Mark. Con. to Ann. Philosoph.,
1813-17.
Beaulieu, Luke de, Chaplain to Lord Jeffries, and
Prebendary of Gloucester. Theolog. works, 1674-1706.
Beauman, Wm. Sermon on Mal. ii. 7.
Beaumont. Dutch Albanus, Lon., 1712, Svo.
Beaumont, Alex. History of Spain, 1812, Svo.
Beaumont, Barber. Provident, or Parish Banks,
Lon., 1816, Svo.
Beaumont, Charles. The Coal Trade, Lon., 1789,4to.
Beaumont, Francis, 1585?-1615-16, and John
Fletcher, 1576-1625, united themselves so closely during
life, that "in death they have not been divided" by the
biographer. Francis Beaumont was descended from the
ancient and noble family of the name, whose residence was
at Grace-Dieu in Leicestershire. His grand-father, John
Beaumont, was Master of the Rolls, and his father, Francis,
one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas. He was
entered a gentleman-commoner of Broadgates' Hall, (now
Pembroke College,) Oxford, Feb. 4, 1596-97. After leav-
ing college he became a member of the Inner Temple; but
is not supposed to have become very profoundly versed in
the principles of jurisprudence. A translation of the fable
of Salmacis and Hermaphroditus from Ovid into English
rhyme and much enlarged, printed in 1602, 4to, is ascribed
to his pen, though not without question. Of Beaumont's
life but very little is known. He married Ursula, a daughter
of Henry Isley, of Sundridge, in Kent, by whom he left
two daughters. He died before he had attained his 30th
year, and was buried near the entrance of St. Benedict's
Chapel, Westminster Abbey, near the Earl of Middlesex's
monument. Bishop Corbit honoured the departed poet by
the following epitaph:
and Milton. Sir E. Brydges is of opinion that the third song in
the play of Nice Valour afforded the first hint of the Il Penseroso.”
the mental powers of the poet were overtasked:
">
"Thou should'st have followed me, but Death, to blame,
Miscounted years, and measured age by fame:
So dearly hast thou bought thy precious lines,
Their praise grew swiftly, so thy life declines.'
Of the collection entitled The Works of Beaumont and
Fletcher, (fifty-two plays, a Masque, and some Minor
Poems,) Beaumont alone wrote The Masque of the Inner
Temple and Gray's Inn, and the Minor Poems, it is be-
lieved, with the exception of The Honest Man's Fortune,
which follows the play with that title: this "challenges
Fletcher for its sole author, and remains the single undra-
matic poem extant of Fletcher's, unless we add a few self-
commendatory verses prefixed to The Faithful Shepherd-
The Masque dedicated to Sir Francis Bacon was
acted and printed 1612-13; the Poems were printed 1640,
4to; 1653, 1660, 8vo. The most celebrated is the Letter
to Ben Jonson.
"Beaumont's poems are all of considerable, some of them of
high, merit."-DR. BLISS.
""
ess.
**
His original poems give him very superior claims to a place
in our collections. Although we find some of the metaphysical
conceits so common in his day, particularly in an elegy on Lady
Markham, he is in general more free from them than his contem-
poraries. His sentiments are elegant and refined, and his versifi-
cation is unusually harmonious. Where have we more lively ima-
gery, or in greater profusion, than in the sonnet, Like a Ring
without a Finger? is amatory poems are sprightly and original,
and some of his lyrics rise to the impassioned spirit of Shakspeare
John Fletcher was the son of Richard, successively
Bishop of Bristol, Worcester, and London. He was edu-
cated at Cambridge, probably at Bene't College, and had
the reputation of respectable proficiency in the classics.
As many of the plots of his plays were taken from the
Spanish, French, and Italian, it is a fair inference that he
was versed in those languages. It is believed that he was
never married. He died of the plague, in London, in
1625, and was buried in St. Saviour's, Southwark. In ad-
dition to the pieces written exclusively by Fletcher, and
his labours in conjunction with Beaumont, he assisted
Ben Jonson and Middleton in The Widow, and is supposed
to have been also a literary partner with Shakspeare, Mas-
singer, and some other authors. The Two Noble Kings-
men was formerly very confidently attributed to Fletcher
and Shakspeare; though later opinions deprive the latter
of any share in the authorship. Still the title-page of the
first edition carries the name of both, and the assertion
seems to have been unquestioned by those who, living near
the time, may be supposed to have been as good judges as
the ingenious skeptics of modern times. However, we
offer no opinion upon the subject. Langbaine declares that
Shakspeare was one of the authors; and the following re-
marks are worthy of consideration:
"Since the truth of this statement was never questioned until
modern times, although many of Shakspeare's friends were living
when the play was published: since all the old critics mention
Shakspeare as one of the writers of it;-and, more than all, sinco
the internal evidence fally bears out the tradition, we think the
genuineness of it can scarcely be questioned. If Shakspeare did
not assist Fletcher, who then did? None of the plays which
Fletcher alone wrote are composed in the same style, or exhibit
the same lofty imagination, and if there were any other dramatist
save hakspeare, who could attain to such a height of excellence,
he has certainly handed down none of his compositions to pos-
terity. If Shakspeare did not write part of it, all we can say is,
that his imitators went very near to rival himself.”—Cunningham*3
Biog. Hist. of Eng.
We have stated that after deducting from "The Works
of Beaumont and Fletcher" those compositions of which
Beaumont was sole author, (and the one undramatic poem
of Fletcher's,) we have remaining fifty-two plays. ´ Mr.
Darley remarks:
"Out of the fifty-two plays, Beaumont had no share in the first
nine here set down, it may be said with little hesitation, and with
none, in the next nine-making in all eighteen."
THE LOYAL SUBJECT.
THE ISLAND PRINCESS.
THE PILGRIM.
THE WILDGOOSE CHASE.
THE BEGGAR'S BUSH.
THE WOMAN'S PRIZE; OR, THE TAMER TAMED.
THE MAD LOVER.
LOVER'S PILGRIMAGE.
THE NIGHT WALKER.
THE FAITHFUL SHEPHERDESS.
ON MR. FRANCIS BEAUMONT.
"He that hath such acuteness and such wit
As would ask ten good heads to husband it:-
Ile that can write so well that no man dare
Refuse it for the best,-let him beware!
P
BEAUMONT is dead! by whose sole death appears
Wit's a disease consumes men in few years!"
His brother, also, Sir John Beaumont, intimates that A WIFE FOR A MONTH.
First represented in 1618.
(6
1621.
1621.
THE PROPHETESS.
THE SEA VOYAGE.
THE SPANISH CURATE.
THE MAID OF THE MILL.
Produced the 14th May, 1622.
22d June, 1622.
24th Oct., 1622,
29th Aug., 1623.
27th May, 1624.
19th Oct., 1624.
22d Jan., 1625.
3d Feb., 1625.
"For this latter set of dates we have Sir Henry Herbert, the
licenser's, manuscript, as authority; which also decides the corre
sponding dramas to be by Fletcher alone, except the Maid of the
Mill, wherein he had Rowley's assistance. That the Faithful
Shepherdess was Fletcher's sole production, there is no doubt, and
every evidence. Two other plays by him, licensed in 1623, are
lost,-The Devil of Dowgate; or, Usury put to Use, and The Wan-
dering Lovers. For the former set of dates we have authority not
so direct, but sufficient; and Fletcher seems to have written with-
out help all the dramas, dated and undated, save the last two,
which he left imperfect, and which Malone says were finished by
Sherley. These eighteen plays, therefore, furnish criticism a fair,
broad ground whereupon to judge of Fletcher's individual style.
Concerning the other thirty-three dramas. (half a dozen excepted,)
We may perhaps add The Woman Hater, produced about 1600-7.
we can ascertain the times of their representation, or, at least,
publication, with various degrees of precision; but it is difficult
to apportion their authorship-I might say, impossible-though
easy enough to hypothesize, and yet easier to pronounce about
it. . . . Besides the above-mentioned definite class of Eighteen
attributable almost entirely to Fletcher, I shall mark out another of
Nine, all of which may have been partly written by Beaumont, as
they were composed or made public before his death, and some of
them even claim him for their chief author on good evidence."
THE KNIGHT OF THE BURNING PESTLE. First rep. in 1611.
PHILASTER; OR, LOVE AND MADNESS. Rep before 1611.
THE MAID'S TRAGEDY.
(6
1611
RULE A WIFE AND HAVE A WIFE.
THE FAIR MAID OF THE INN.
THE NOBLE GENTLEMAN.
♥ ♥
(6
((
"C
"
"
"6
""
"C
(6
"
1621.
1622.
148
BEA
BEA
KING AND NO KING.
THE HONEST MAN'S Fortune.
THE COXCOMB.
CUPID'S REVENGE.
THE CAPTAIN.
THE SCORNFUL LADY.
"I add The Scornful Lady, though not published till after the
death of Beaumont, because it was written some years earlier; and
I omit the Woman Ilater, though published before that epoch, be-
cause he is understood to have had no share in this work.”
66
Licensed in 1611.
1613.
Acted first in 1613.
1613.
46
"
PHILASTER.
THE MAID'S TRAGEDY.
FOUR PLAYS IN ONE.
KING AND NO KING.
THE HONEST MAN'S Fortune.
THE COXCOMB.
CUPID'S REVENGE.
THE SCORNFUL LADY.
WIT WITHOUT MONEY.
WIT AT SEVERAL WEAPONS.
THE LITTLE FRENCH LAWYER.
THE CUSTOM OF THE Country.
BONDUCA.
THE LAWS OF CANDY.
THE KNIGHT OF MALTA.
THE FAITHFUL FRIENDS.
1613.
Published in 1616.
“Even from the above small class we can select but three dramas,
verified as joint compositions of our English Damon and Pythias,
to wit, Philaster, The Maid's Tragedy, King and No King. The
former two. indeed, if they be not equi-valuable with all the other
plays together of this collection. are beyond doubt those on which
has depended, and ever will depend, its principal charm, and the
chief renown of Beaumont and Fletcher. King and No King also
renders their genius apparent in its brightest phase. Critics, how-
ever, go further than I can. They affirm that of the fifty-two plays,
those under-named-sixteen or seventeen (if we include The Knight
of the Burning Pestle)—vindicate the time-honoured title of our
volume. Beaumont, it is thought, was co-parent to these, but no
more than these. I will particularize such of their dates as have
been ascertained."
THE KNIGHT OF THE BURNING PESTLE.
First represented
in 1611.
Written before 1611.
"
Probably before 1611.
Licensed in
"C
66
66
1613
Acted first 1613
(6
4.
"6
¡
Printed 1616.
""
CC
""
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"
""
"
(6
"
"
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""
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"Partnership in but seventeen out of fifty-two plays gives Beau-
mont small apparent claim on the total joint-stock reputation. It
seems possible, however. that some others, not brought out till
after his death, may have been planned, and partly or wholly
written, with his co operation before it."-Introduction to Mozon's
edition, Lon., 1839, 2 vols. Svo.
Beaumont was author, in addition to his works already
named, of a drama entitled The History of Mador, King
of Great Britain, now lost. Several other compositions
have been attributed to our literary partners, as well as to
Fletcher, in conjunction with others; in The History of
Cardenio, Shakspeare is said to have been his colleague.
(See Darley's Introduction, and Weber's edition, Lon., 1802,
8vo, 1814, 14 vols.) This edition was severely handled by
Gifford and Oct. Gilchrist.
the
not far from the play-house, both bachelors, lay together,
same cloaths and cloake, &c., between them."
We proceed to quote the opinions of a number of writers
Shirley, in
upon the works of our distinguished poet.
the preface to the first collected edition, (1647 see ante,)
after a laboured description of the constituents of true
poetry, remarks,
"This, you will say, is a vast comprehension, and hath not hap-
pened in many years. Be it then remembered to the glory of our
own, that all these are demonstrative, and met in Beaumont and
Fletcher, whom but to mention is to throw a cloud upon all former
names, and benight posterity; this book being, without flattery,
the greatest monument of the scene that time and humanity have
produced, and must live, not only the crown and sole reputation
of our own, but the stain of all other nations and languages."
We quote some specimens from the Commendatory
Verses prefixed to the works. The following refer
Fletcher.
...
"Thou hast left unto the times so great
A legacy, a treasure so complete,
That twill be hard. I fear, to prove thy will:
Men will be wrangling, and in doubting still,
How so vast sums of wit were left bebind,
And yet nor debts, nor sharers, they can find."
HENRY MOODy, Bakt.
"Then shall the country, that poor tennis-ball
Of angry fate, receive thy pastorall,
And from it learn those melancholy strains
Fed the afflicted souls of primitive swains.
Thus the whole world to reverence will flock
Thy tragic buskin and thy comic sock:
And winged fame unto posterity
Transmit but only two, this age and thee."
THOMAS PEYTON.
"And, by the court of Muses be 't decreed,
What graces spring from poesy's richer seed.
When we name Fletcher, shall be so proclaim'd,
As all that's royal is, when Casar's named."
ROBERT STAPELTON, KNT.
"Jonson, Shakspeare, and thyself did sit,
And sway'd in the triumvirate of Wit.
Yet what from Jonson's oil and sweat did filów,
Or what more easy Nature did bestow
On Shakspeare's gentler muse in thee full grown
Their graces both appear."-J. DENHAM.
"Fletcher, to thee, we do not only owe
All these good plays, but those of others too:
Thy wit repeated, does support the stage,
Credits the last, and entertains this, age.
No worthies form'd by any mase, but thine,
Could purchase robes to make themselves so fine."
EDM. WALLER.
"Fair star, ascend! the joy, the life, the light
Of this tempestuous age, this dark world's sight!
Oh from thy crown of glory dart one fame
May strike a sacred reverence, whilst thy name
(Like holy flameus to their god of day)
We, bowing, sing; and whilst we praise, we pray."
RICH. LOVELACE
The bad taste, if not impiety, of this apostrophe is not
at all singular in our old writers. We quote the compli-
mentary epistle of Ben Jonson in answer to Beaumont's
We have already mentioned the early editions of Beau-
mont's Poems. The Golden Remains of Francis Beau-letter to the former on The Fox :
mont and John Fletcher, 2d edit., with other Drolleries by
severall Wits of these present Times, was pub., Lon., 1660,
Svo. The first collected edition of the comedies and tra-
gedies was pub., Lon., 1647, folio, with portrait of Fletcher.
This edition contains a dedication by ten comedians to
Philip, the Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery. It was
edited by John Shirley, and contained 36 plays, printed
for the first time. Also, Lon., 1650, in 4to; 1679, folio;
1711, 7 vols. 8vo; with notes by Theobald, Seward, and
Sympson, 1750, 10 vols. Svo; with notes by various com-
mentators, 1778, 10 vols. Svo, edit. by George Colman: edit.
by Theobald, 1780, 10 vols.; with notes by Henry Weber,
1812, 14 vols. 8vo, with portraits; edited by Dyce, 1843-
46, 11 vols. 8vo. Moxon's beautiful edition, 1839, has
been before referred to. This enterprising and highly
respectable publisher has issued, in the same superior
style, the works of Shakspeare, Ben Jonson, Dryden,
Spenser, Massinger and Ford, Wycherley, Congreve, Van-
brugh, and Farquhar. To some of the works of this selec-
tion there are such grave objections, that we cannot desire
their circulation, and there is hardly one author of the
whole to whom the pruning-knife should not be applied
before he becomes an inmate in the domestic circle. Our
remarks upon certain dramatic writers (see COLLIER,
JEREMY) may be consulted in this connexion.
The friendship existing between Beaumont and Fletcher
was of the most endearing kind. Aubrey tells us, in his
remarks upon Beaumont,
“To MR. FRANCIS BEAUMONT.
"How I do love thee, Beaumont, and thy Muse.
That unto me dost such religion use!
How I do fear myself. that am not worth
The least indulgent thought thy pen drops forth!
At once thou makest me happy, and unmakest,
And giving largely to me, more thou takest:
What fate is mine that so itself bereaves?
What art is thine, that so thy friend deceives?
When even there, where most thou praisest me
For writing better, I must envy thee!"
We do not discontinue quotations from want of matter,
for of the Commendatory Verses inscribed to Fletcher, to
Beaumont, and to both together, there are no less than
twenty-five sets!
Gerard Langbaine tells us,
(6
To speak first of Mr. Beaumont, he was master of a good wit,
and a better judgment; be so admirably well understood the art
of the stage, that even Jonson himself thought it no disparage
ment to submit his writings to his correction.... Mr. Fletcher's
wit was equal to Mr. Beaumont's judgment, and was so luxuriant,
that, like superfluous branches, it was frequently prun'd by his
judicious partner. These poels perfectly understood breeding,
and, therefore, successfully copy'd the conversation of gentlemen.
They knew how to describe the manners of the age; and Fletcher
had a peculiar talent in expressing all his thoughts with life and
briskness."-Account of Dramat. Poets, 1691.
With reference to Jonson's deference to Beaumont's
judgment, we may barely refer to the amusing error of
Dryden, who will have it that "Rare Ben" submitted “all
of his plots" to the supervision of his sagacious friend;
which, Mr. Darley truly remarks,
There was a wonderful consimility of plansy between him and
Mr. Jo. Fletcher, which caused that dearnesse of friendship between
hem. I have heard Dr. Jo. Earle (since Bish. of Sarum) say, who
knew them, that his maine businesse was to correct the overflow-speaker, not an intentional liar, among all our great literati.”
ings of Mr. Fletcher's witt. They lived together on the Banke side,
“Would prove our author indeed a precocious genius, as Every
Man in His Ilumour was produced in 1596, when Beaumont was
but ten years old. But Dryden seems to have been the loosest
Dryden tells us that Beaumont and Fletcher's plays in
149
BEA
·
BEA
his time were the most pleasing and frequent entertain-
ments of the stage, two of theirs being acted through the
year for one of Shakspeare's or of Jonson's. Sir John Ber-
kenhead has no hesitation in avowing his preference for
Fletcher above Shakspeare :
Brave Shakespear flow'd, yet had his ebbings too,
Often above himself, sometimes below;
Thou always best. . . .
Shakespear was early up, and went so drest
As for these dawning hours he knew was best;
But when the sun shone forth, you too thought fit
To wear just robes, and leave off trunk-hose wit."
Mr. Cartwright is of the same mind:
"Shakespear to thee was dull, whose best jest lies
I' th' Ladies' questions, and the Fool's replies;
Old-fashioned wit, which walked from town to town,
In turn'd hose, which our fathers call'd the Clown;
Whose wit our nice times would obsceneness call,
And which made bawdry pass for comical.
Nature was all his art; thy vein was free
As his, but without his scurrility."
This commendation for decency, as contrasted with
Shakspeare, is so exceedingly preposterous, that we cannot
but wonder whether Cartwright ever really perused
Fletcher's writings. Rymer criticizes The Maid's Tragedy,
The Chances, and Valentinian, with great severity. He
sent one of his reviews to Dryden, who, in the blank leaves
before the beginning and after the end of the book, made
several remarks, as if he designed an answer to that gen-
tleman. The following is not without interest:
66
Shakespear and Fletcher have written to the genius of the
age and nation in which they lived; for though nature. as he
Rymer] objects, is the same in all places, and reasou, too, the same;
yet the climate, the age, the disposition of the people to whom a
poet writes, may be so different, that what pleased the Greeks
would not satisfy an English audience.”
We cordially concur in the following censure:
"Among the faults of Beaumont and Fletcher, their want of
decency calls for particular reprehension. In this respect they are
far more blameable than Shakespeare. The language they put into
the mouths of the best characters hath sometimes a freedom, we
might say a coarseness. in it, which cannot be justified from the
manners of the age, though that circumstance has been alleged in
palliation of their conduct.'
It has been well remarked that
Most writers (at least those of great abilities) are commonly
so jealous of their own productions, that they are very unwilling
to have another share with them in the fame of a single thought
that has met with success. How great, then, must have been the
resignation of our two poets; how noble a sacrifice must they
have made to self-love in thus blending their reputations, and
each communicating to each that light which would have made
them singly conspicuous.”—General Biog. Dict.
"Almost every one of Beaumont and Fletcher's fifty-two dramas
is founded upon Love. This fact might even alone serve for a
gauge to mete the genius of our authors. Among all poetic sub-
jects, love is the easiest to succeed with, being the most popular.
To select it over-often is, therefore. a mark of weakness: a proof
of impotence to handle subjects, which interest less universally,
enthusiastically. No dramatist who has a heart will eschew love-
subjects; but they will be always chosen by many dramatisers
who have nothing else. . . . Beaumont and Fletcher seem to have
caught one deep truth of nature.-their women are either far
more angelical or diabolical than their men. They have also deli-
neated women much better.-a mark, by the bye, of their feminine
genius, if we must not call it effeminate or feeble.... Certain of
their lyrics are very good, especially the Anacreontic. God Lymus
ever young.' in Valentinian, breathes a fine spirit of Bacchanalian
enthusiasm. But the string our lyrists touched most often was
that which, like the Teian bard's, responded love;' and which
often did so with exquisite sweetness-
เ
6
"The very twang of Cupid's bow sung to it.'
Indeed, throughout their works. Venus the Victorious' seems to
have been the battle-word on which they relied, rather than ‘Her-
cules the Invincible,' though not always so successfully as Cæsar."
--DARLEY.
Milton, doubtless, was largely indebted to Fletcher's
Faithful Shepherdess in his Comus.
"True, those thoughts thus transferred. frequently resemble
motes in the sunbeams, themselves fertile particles, glittering
with a radiance not their own.”
"He who has not perused Beaumont and Fletcher can have no
complete idea of the riches of English poetry; and they are the
only English dramatists whose distance from Shakspeare, in his
more peculiar excellencies. is not so immense as to make the de-
scent painful. . . . Shakspeare has few portraits so exquisitely
beautiful as those of Aspasia and Bellario. and not many more
comic than those of Bessus and the little French lawyer. Their
grand excellencies are not so much the depicting of character, as
a rich vein of wit;-a native elegance of thought and expression,
and a wandering romantic fancy, delightful even in its wildest
moods. They do not possess the profound knowledge of human
nature which alone would have made Shakspeare immortal. They
cannot paint with the brush of a master the gradual progress of
a mind from confidence to suspicion,—from suspicion to jealousy,
-and from jealousy to madness; or the fearful workings of a soul
racked between the ardent desire of an object which seems almost
within the grasp, and the dread and abhorrence of the path of
crime by which that object must be attained: Their characters
are not so much beings of lofty intellect as of deep passion; and
these passions are portrayed not in their rise and gradual progress,
but in their highest mood."-Cunningham's Biog. Hist. of Eng.
Fletcher had an excellent wit, which, the back friends to stage
plays will say, was neither idle nor well employed; for he and
Francis Beaumont, esquire, like Castor and Pollux, (most happy
when in conjunction.) raised the English to equal the Athenian
and Roman theatre; Beaumont bringing the ballast of judgment,
Fletcher the sail of phantasy; both compounding a poet to admi-
ration."-Fuller's Worthies.
The justice of this apportionment of wit and judgment
has been questioned:
"Since on the one hand, The Maid's Tragedy, Philaster, and the
King and No King, in which Beaumont is generally allowed to
have had the chief hand, exhibit more fancy, more of the qualities
by which Fletcher was distinguished than the majority of the other
plays which they are known to have written in conjunction; while,
on the other hand, those written by Fletcher alone, are, ou the
whole, equal in point of taste and judgment to most of those in
which Beaumont assisted him."
"It cannot be denied that they are lyrical and descriptive poets
of the highest order; every page of their writings is a florilegium:
they are dramatic poets of the second class in point of knowledge,
variety, vivacity, and effect; there is hardly a passion, character,
or situation, which they have not touched in their devious range,
and whatever they touched they adorned with some new grace or
striking feature: they are masters of style and versification in
almost every variety of melting modulation or sounding pomp of
which they are capable: in comic wit and spirit, they are scarcely
surpassed by any writers of our age."-HAZLITT: Age of Elizabeth.
"Their charm is, vigour and variety'; their defects, a coarseness
and grotesqueness that betray no circumspection. There is so much
more hardihood than discretion in the arrangement of their scenes,
that, if Beaumont's taste and judgment had the disposal of them
he fully proved himself the junior partner. . . . But it is not pro-
bable that their departments were so divided. Still, however, the
scanty lights that enable us to guess at what they respectively
wrote seem to warrant that distinction in the cast of their genius
which is made in the poet's allusion to
'Fletcher's keen treble, and deep Beaumont's bass.””
Campbell's Essay on English Idetry.
"That Fletcher was not entirely excluded from a share in the
conduct of the drama, may be gathered from a story related by
Winstanley, that our two bards having concerted the rough draught
of a tragedy over a bottle of wine at a tavern, Fletcher said he
would undertake to kill the king,' which words being caught by
the waiter, who had not overheard the context of their conversa-
tion, he lodged an information of treason against them. But on
their explanation that it only meant the compassing the death of
a theatrical monarch, and their loyalty moreover being unques
tioned. the affair ended in a jest."
We should not omit to quote the opinion of that very
competent critic, Sir Walter Scott:
"Beaumont and Fletcher have still a high poetical value. If
character he sometimes violated. probability discarded. and the
interest of the plot neglected, the reader is, on the other hand,
often gratified by the most beautiful description, the most tender
and passionate dialogue, a display of brilliant wit and gaiety, or a
feast of comic humour. These attributes had so much effect on
the public, that, during the end of the 17th and the beginning of
the 18th centuries, many of Beaumont and Fletcher's plays had
possession of the stage, while those of Shakspeare were laid upon
the shelf."-Article "Drama," Encyc. Brit.
We refer the reader to Schlegel's review of our anthors;
a short extract must suffice here:
"Beaumont and Fletcher were in fact men of the most distin
guished talents; they scarcely wanted any thing more than a pro-
founder seriousness of mind, and that artistic sagacity which every
where observes a due measure, to rank beside the greatest dramatic
poets of all nations. They possessed extraordinary fecundity and
flexibility of mind, and a facility which. however, too often degene
rated into carelessness. The highest perfection they have hardly
ever attained; and I should have little hesitation in affirming that
they had not even an idea of it: however, on several occasions
they have approached quite close to it. And why was it denied them
to take this last step? Because with them poetry was not an in-
ward devotion of the feeling and imagination, but a means to
obtain brilliant results. Their first object was effect. which the
great artist can hardly fail of attaining if he is determined above
all things to satisfy himself.”—Dramatic Literature.
The student will do well to consult, also, the classic pages
of Mr. Hallam :
"The sentiments and style of Fletcher, when not concealed by
deny that the depths of Shakspeare's mind were often unfathom-
obscurity, or corruption of the text, are very dramatic. We cannot
able by an audience; the bow was drawn by a matchless hand, but
the shaft went out of sight. All might listen to Fletcher's pleas
ing, though not profound or vigorous, language; his thoughts are
noble, and tinged with the ideality of romance, his metaphors vi-
vid, though sometimes too forced; he possesses the idiom of Eng-
lish without much pedantry, though in many passages he strains
it beyond common use; his versification, though studiously irregu
lar, is often rhythmical and sweet. Yet we are seldom arrested by
striking beauties: good lines occur in every page, fine ones but
rarely; we lay down the volume with a sense of admiration of
what we have read, but little of it remains distinctly in the me
mory. Fletcher is not much quoted. and has not even afforded
copious materials to those who cull the beauties of ancient lore.
In variety of character there can be no comparison between Fletcher
and Shakspeare.”—Literary History of Europe.
Another eminent critic is of opinion that Fletcher mo-
delled his plays upon Shakspeare's comedies:
"It was these, with their idealized truth of character. their poetic
beauty of imagery, their mixture of the grave with the playful in
1
150
BEA
BEA
thought, their rapid and skilful transitions from the tragic to the
comic in feeling; it was these. the pictures in which Shakspeare
had made his nearest approach to portraying actual life, and not
those pieces in which he transports the imagination into bis own
vast and awful world of tragic action, and suffering, and emotion
-that attracted Fletcher's fancy, and proved congenial to his cast
of feeling."-T. B. MACAULAY.
P
"Whatever may be their just place as dramatists, Beaumont and
Fletcher were better poets than any of their dramatic contempora-
ries, except Shakspeare himself. They mounted higher on the
wings of ideal contemplation. None can be compared to them for
exuberance and grace of fancy, none for their delicacy and tender-
ness of feeling in passages of emotion."
How much is it to be lamented that poets of such rare
endowments should have debased the muse to the shock-
ing licentiousness which disfigures passages otherwise of
marvellous beauty! Professor Shaw justly remarks:
"Nor is it much palliation to consider this licentiousness of
speech as the vice of the times. It is true that the charge of in-
decency may be safely maintained against nearly all the writers
of this wonderful period, and we know that the stage has a pecu-
liar tendency to fall into this error; but Shakspeare has shown us
that it is very possible to avoid this species of pruriency, and to
pourtray the female character not in its warmth only and its ten-
derness, but also in its purity. The most singular thing is, that
many of the more indelicate scenes and much of the coarsest lan-
guage in Beaumont and Fletcher will be found to have been com-
posed with the express purpose of exhibiting the virtue and pu-
rity of their heroines."-Outlines of Eng. Literature.
There may be quoted from them many short passages, and
some entire scenes, as delightful as any thing in the range of poe-
try; sometimes pleasing by their rich imagery, sometimes by their
profound pathos, and not unfrequently, by their elevation and
purity of thought and feeling. But there are very few of the plays
whose stories can be wholly told without offence; and there is none
that should be read entirely by a young person.”—Spalding's Hist.
This unhappy mingling of nobility of style and eleva-
tion of sentiment with vulgarity of incident and obscenity
of language-this unsightly admixture of the "fine gold
of the head" with the "clay of the feet," to borrow a simile
from the inspired vision of the prophet of the Captivity,
will ever be regretted by all who desire that literature
should be the hand-maid of morality, and intellectual re-
finement the coadjutor of religious truth.
i The number of lines it contains is 38.922. being considerably
longer than the Faïrie Queene, nearly four times the length of
We close our sketch of these great dramatists with the Paradise Lost, or Henry More's Poem. five or six times as long as
beautiful comparison of Mr. Campbell:
the Excursion, and reducing the versified novels of modern times
to utter insignificance." See Retrosp. Review xi. 285-307; xii.
229-45; where are copious extracts.
"There are such extremes of grossness and magnificence in their
dramas, so much sweetness and beauty interspersed with views
of nature either falsely romantic or vulgar beyond reality; there is
so much to animate and amuse us, and yet so much that we would
willingly overlook, that I cannot help comparing the contrasted
impressions which they make to these which we receive from visit-
ing some great and ancient city. picturesquely but irregularly
built, glittering with spires. and surrounded by gardens, but ex-
hibiting in many quarters the lanes and haunts of wretchedness.
They have scenes of wealth and high life, which remind us of
courts and palaces frequented by elegant females and high-spirited
gallants, whilst their old martial characters, with Caractacus in the
midst of them, may inspire us with the same sort of regard which
we pay to the rough-hewn magnificence of an ancient fortress."
Beaumont, Francis William C. E., h. 1814.
Improvement of Dublin Bay, 1840. Tracts on Common
Road Locomotives.
Beaumont, G. The Law of Life and Fire Insurance,
2d ed., Lon., 1846. Copyhold Tenure. Lon., 1835.
Beaumont, G. D. B. Code of Real Property, Lon.,
1827, Svo.
Beaumont, Sir Harry, a name assumed by Joseph
Spence. See post.
Beaumont, J. A. Sermon, Acts vi. 7; More Bishops,
more Priests, more Deacons. How to Increase the Effi-
ciency of the Church. [Visitation.] Svo, Leeds., 1846.
Beaumont, J. F. A. Travels and other Works,
1792-1805.
Beaumont, Sir John, 1582-1628, was the second
En of Judge Francis Beaumont, and an elder brother of
Francis, the celebrated dramatic poet. He was entered a
gentleman commoner of Broadgates' Hall, (now Pembroke
College.) Oxford, in 1596. After some attention to the
study of the law, he retired to the family scat at Grace-
Dieu, Leicestershire.
L
"Bosworth Field certainly contains many original specimens of
the heroic style, not exceeded by any of his contemporaries, and
the imagery is frequently just and striking. The lines describing
the death of the tyrant may be submitted with confidence to the
dmirers of Shakspeare. Among his lesser poems, a few sparklings
of invention may now and then he discovered, and his transla-
tions are, in general. spirited and correct."
"The commendation of improving the rhythm of the couplet is
due also to Sir John Beaumont, author of a short poem on the
1
i
Anth. Wood ascribes to him The Crown of Thorns, a
poem in 8 books, never printed. His son gave his father's
writings to the world, under the title of Bosworth Field,
with a Taste of the Variety of Other Poems, 1629. Pages
181-2 are missing in all copies.
The chaste complexion of the whole shows that to genius he
added virtue and delicacy."
battle of Bosworth Field. It was not written, however, so early
as the Britannia's Pastorals of Browne. In other respects it has
no pretensions to a high rank.”—Hullum's Literary History,
"Bosworth Field may be compared with Addison's Campaign,
without a high compliment to either. Sir John has no fancy, but
there is force and dignity in some of his passages."-CAMPBELL.
"His poems are written with much spirit, elegance, and har
mony."-WORDSWORTH.
"Thy care for that, which was not worth thy breath,
Brought on too soon thy much-lamented death.
But Heav'n was kind, and would not let thee see
The plagues that must upon this nation be,
By whom the Muses have neglected been,
Which shall add weight and measure to their sin.”
Draytem to Beaumont.
Beaumont, John. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1676, '81, '84.
Beaumont, John, Jr., among other works, 1693–
1724, wrote a work to prove the existence of witches and
apparitions; Treatise of Spirits, &c., Lon., 1705, 8vo.
Beaumont, Joseph, D.D., 1615-1699, a descendant
of the ancient family of the name in Leicestershire, was
entered at Peterhouse, Cambridge, at the age of 16. He
was elected Fellow and tutor, but was ejected in 1643.
In 1663 he became master of his college. He attacked
Dr. Henry More's work, The Mystery of Godliness, pub.
in 1665, and for his zeal received the thanks of the uni-
versity, which elected him Professor of Divinity. His
Poems in English and Latin were pub. in 1749, 4to, with
an Appendix containing comments on the Epistle to the
Colossians.
"His Latin Poems, although perhaps superior in style, are yet
below the purity of the Augustan age."
His principal work was Psyche, or Love's Mystery, in
24 cantos, displaying the Intercourse between Christ and
the Soul. This was begun in April, 1647, finished before
the end of March, 1648, and pub. in the same year, folio.
This poem was once very popular, but has been long ne-
glected. Pope is reported to have said of it,
"There are in it a great many flowers well worth gathering, and
a man who has the art of stealing wisely will find his account in
reading it."
..
Beaumont, J. T. B.
Beaumont, Joseph.
Dubl., 1712, 8vo.
Political Works, &c., 1803–0S.
Mathemat. Sleaving Tables,
Beaumont, Robert. Love's Missives to Virtue,
with Essaies, Lon., 1660, sm. Svo.
The letters are so full of the common-place inflation of affected
love-passion. that a very scanty specimen may suffice.... The
Essays are 15 in number; they are full of trope and figure, but
frequently with much force of application, though quaint aud
sententious." See Restituta, vol. iii. p. 278.
Anacharsis the Younger,
Beaumont, Wm. Translations from the French :-
Lon., 1796, 5 vols. Svo.
Zimmerman, Lon., 1792, Svo.
The Arabian Nights Entertain-
ments. Lon., 1811, 4 vols. 12mo.
Beaumont, William, M.D., surgeon, U. S. Navy,
dian, St. Martin, won him a wide and honourable name in
1796-1853. His physiological experiment with the Cana-
in 1833 and 1847, and extensively republished in England
his profession. The results of his observations were pub.
and on the Continent. See COMBE, ANDREW, M.D.
Reports of Cases in the Rolls Court, 17 vols. Svo, Lon.,
Beavan, Charles. Ordines Cancellariæ, Lon., 1845.
1840, &c. Orders of the Court of Chancery, 1814-53, 12mo.
Beavan, Edwd. Box-hill; a descrip. Poem, 1777, 4to.
Beavan, James. Theolog. Works, Oxf. and Lon.,
1838-41.
Beaver, George.
Beaver, John, a monk of Westminster of the 14th
century.
1. A Chronicle of Britain. 2. De Rebus Coeno
bii Westmonasteriensis. They remain in MS.
Beaver, John, a monk of St. Alban's, wrote some
pieces. which remain in MS.
Sermons, 1796-1800.
Beaver, John. Roman Military Punishments, Lon.,
1725, 4to, with plates; which, being by Hogarth, render
tional plates, Steevens, £13 58.; with head pieces and du-
the book of great value. Sold, large paper, with addi-
plicates. Nassau, £21: Baker, £21.
Beaver, Capt. Philip, R.N. African Memoranda,
Lon., 1805, 4to.
..
An interesting, well-written work, and of which every page
bears internal evidence of the strictest veracity.”
Beawes, Wyndham. Lex Mercatoria; or a com-
plete code of Commercial Law, &c., Lon., 1750, fol.; 6th
ed. by Joseph Chitty, 2 vols., Lon., 1813, 4to. In part
compiled from Savary's Dictionnaire de Commerce, and
other authorities.
151
BEA
BEC
"Perhaps the most comprehensive and useful that has ever been
compiled."-CHITTY.
"This is a much superior work to that of Malyn's. It contains
a full and very valuable collection of the rules and usages of law
on the subject of bills of exchange. Beawes is frequently cited
in our books as an authority in mercantile customs."-CHANC. KENT.
Beazley, Samuel, 1786-1851. 1. Oxonians.
Roué. Author of upwards of 100 dramatic pieces. He was
the architect of several theatres in London.
2.
Becher, Henry, trans. Two Bookes of St. Am-
brose, 1561.
Becher, Henry. Sermon, 1728, 4to.
Becher, J.T. The Anti-Pauper System, Lon., 1828.8vo.
Beck, Cave. The Universal Character, by which all
Nations may understand one another's Conceptions, Lon.,
1657, Sro.
Becket, William, 1684-1738, an eminent surgeon
born at Abingdon in Berkshire, was author of severa.
profess. works. Curo of Cancers, Lon., 1711, Svo. In-
quiry relative to the King's Evil, 1722, Svo. A number
of pieces relative to the Plague, pub. anon. in 1722. Chi-
sup-rurgical Observations, Lon., 1740, Svo. A Collection of
Chirurgical Tracts, Lon., 1740, Svo.
Chirurgical Tracts, Lon., 1740, Svo. He also composed a
brief account of the History and Antiquities of Berkshire.
Becket, William a. Universal Biography; includ.
gether with Accounts of many eminent living Characters
ing scriptural, classical, and mythological Memoirs; to-
Illustrated with portraits, 3 vols., Lon., 1840, Svo.
Beck, Lewis C., 1790-1853, b. in Schenectady, N. Y., Becket, Gilbert Abbott a, 1810-1856, a noted
October, 1790; graduated at Union College. His attain- humourist, born in London.
ments in the Natural Sciences were remarkable. He pub. matic productions were published in Duncomb's British
In 1825, eight of his dra-
works on Botany and Chemistry, and one on the Mine-
Theatre. In 1828, '29, nine more appeared in Cumber-
ralogy of New York. For many years he was the Profes-land's British Theatre; and, in 1837, four others were pub-
sor of Chemistry and the Natural Sciences at Rutgers lished in Webster's Acting Drama.
College in New Brunswick, N.J., and subsequently Pro- Comic Blackstone, 1844-46.
Small Debts Act, 1845.
Comic History of England,
fessor of Chemistry in the Albany Medical College.
1848. Comic History of Rome, 1852. Edit. George Crnik-
shank's Table Book, 1845; Quizziology of the British
Drama, 1846. In 1830, he started Figaro in London, which
was the precursor of Punch; and to the latter journal he
was a constant and prominent contributor. He also wrote
for the Times, &c.
Beck, T. A. History and Antiquities of Furness
Abbey, Lon., 1844, r. 4to: a valuable work.
"The author is one of the wittiest writers of the day. Few
could have travestied so well the real Blackstone, following it lite
rally step by step."
Beckford, Peter, was a relative of the celebrated
William Beckford. He was an enthusiast on the subject
of hunting, and gave his experience to the world in his
Thoughts on Hunting, in a series of Letters, 1781, 4to.
Essays on Hunting; containing a philosophical Inquiry
into the Nature and Properties of Scent: on different Kinds
of Hounds, Hares, &c., with an Introduction, describing the
Method of Hare-hunting among the Greeks, Lon., 1781, Svo.
"Never had fox or hare the honour of being chased to death by
day; never was a huntsman's dinner graced with such urbanity
so accomplished a hunter, from the time of Nimrod to the present
and wit; and never did the red wine of Oporto confuse the intel-
lect of so politic a sportsman. He would bag a fox in Greek, find
a hare in Latin, inspect his kennels in Italian, and direct the eco-
See this amusing re-
nomy of the stable in exquisite French."
view, with copious extracts, in the Retrosp. Review, xiii. 230-7.
Beckford, William. Negroes in Jamaica, 1788, 8vo.
Account of Jamaica, 1790, 2 vols. 8vo. History of France,
Lon., 1794, 4 vols. 8vo. The ancient part by W. Beckford;
the modern part by an English gentleman, for some time
resident in Paris.
"A curious work, with a frontispiece, containing, as it is
posed, a portrait of the author under the figure of the European."
-LOWNDES.
Beck, Geo., 1749-1812, trans. Anacreon, parts of
Homer, &c.
Beck, John B., 1794-1851. Infant Therapeutics, N.
York, 1849, 12mo.
Beck, Theodoric Romeyn, M.D., LL.D., 1791-
1855, b. at Schenectady, N. York; graduated at Union
College, 1807; for many years Prof. Institutes of Medicine,
&c. in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Western
New York. In connexion with his brother, John B. Beck,
Elements of Medical Jurisprudence; 7th ed., brought down
to the present time, including the notes of Dr. Dunlap and
Dr. Darwell, Lon., 1842, Svo; 10th ed., Albany, 1850,
2 vols.; 1st ed., 1823. At the close of vol. ii. is a list of
the principal works upon Medical Jurisprudence.
"It embraces all that is really useful either to the physician or
lawyer."—2 Law Chron. 280; Warren's Law Studies, 179; 2 Ruge. 42.
T. R. Beck has also pub. 1. Botany of U. States. 2. Che-
mistry. 3. Adulteration of Medicine.
Beck, Thos. Three Poetical Works, Lon., 1795-180S.
Beck, William. Dr. Sacheverell's Vindication,
Lon., 1709, 8vo.
perspicuous,-that of a man who both spoke and write the lan
guage freely and they display a warmth of feeling. genuine piety,
and highness of principle, for which those whose idens of Becket
have been formed from popular historians will not give him
credit."
See Biog. Brit.; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Rose's do.;
Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.; Henry's History of G. Britain;
Lyttleton's History of Henry II.; Berington's do.
Becket, Thos. Chirurgical Remarks, Lon., 1709, Svo.
Becket, William. Trans. Calvin upon Philipp.,
Lon., 1584, 4to.
4
Becke, Edmon. A Brefe Confutation of the most
detestable and anabaptistical opinion, that Christ dyd not
take hys flesh of the blessed vyrgyn Mary, [in metre,]
Lon., by John Day, 1550, 4to. Unnoticed by Herbert, but
in Ritson's Bibliographia Poetica.
Becket, Andrew. Shakespeare's himself again; or
the Language of the Poet asserted: comprised in a series
of 1600 notes illustrative of the more difficult passages in
his plays, 2 vols. in 1 8vo, 1815. Other works.
Dramatic Works, edited by Dr. Beattie, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
Becket, J., M.D. Professional Treatise, 1765, 8vo.
Becket, J. B. Hydrostatic Balance, 1775, 8vo.
Becket, Joseph. Mensuration, &c., Lon., 1804. 8vo.
Becket, N. Trans. Gerard's Holie Ministrie, 1598.
Becket, St. Thomas a, Archbishop of Canterbury,
b. 1117 or 1119, d. 1170, was the son of Gilbert, a Cru-
sader, afterwards a merchant of London, and Matilda, a
Saracen damsel, who is said to have fallen in love with
him when he was a prisoner to her father in Jerusalem.
He was born in London, cruelly murdered, and buried at
Canterbury. The life of this eminent prelate belongs to
political, rather than to literary, history. His literary re-
mains consist only of a volume of lotters, 435 in number,
which passed between distinguished men in Europe rela-
tive to the affairs of the English church. To this volume,
printed 1495, and at Brussels in 1682, is prefixed the
Quadrapartite Life, or De Vita et processu S. Thomæ
tuariensis et Martyris super Libertate Ecclesiastica. This
Life is collected out of four historians, who were contem-
porary and conversant with Becket, viz., Herbert de Hos-
cham, Johannes Carnotensis, Gulielmus Canterburiensis,
and Alanus Teukesburiensis, who are introduced as so
many relaters of facts interchangeably. The only writing
attributed to Becket besides his epistles, is a Latin hymn
to the Virgin, commencing with the words Gaude flore
virginali, which is in MS. Some letters of his, besides
those published, exist among the Cottonian MS.
The Latinity of the Archbishop's letters is plain, flowing, and lord in Childe Harold, canto i.
..
152
-
"Mr. Beckford and his associate have presumed that there is still
room for another history of that nation. The work which their
joint labours have produced is, however, by no means either a con-
plete or a uniform history."—Lon. Mmthly Review.
Beckford, William, 1760-1844, was the son of the
well-known Alderman Beckford, Lord-mayor of London,
celebrated for having bearded King George III. on his
throne, on the occasion of presenting a petition and re-
monstrance to his majesty. His son succeeded at the age
of 10 years to a fortune of upwards of £100,000 per an-
num, consisting in part of the estate at Fonthill, and a
large property in the West Indies. Young Beckford had
the advantage of the watchful care of his sponsor, his
father's friend, the great Earl of Chatham. The proprie-
tor of Fonthill determined to erect a splendid superstruc
ture which should embody his conceptions of architectural
bonuty. In this design and other fancies he expended in
sixteen years the enormous sum of £273,000. One tower
Can-employed 460 men both by day and by night through an
entire winter, the torches used by "the nocturnal worknien
being visible to the astonished travellers at miles distant."
Fragility was a necessary consequence of such "untem-
pered" haste; and a gale of wind brought the lofty pile to
the ground. Mr. Beckford regretted that he had not been
present when so grand a ruin occurred; and he ordered the
erection of another tower of 276 feet: this also fell in 1825.
Beckford purchased an estate at Cintra, that "glorious
Eden of the South" here he built himself a palace for a
residence. Lord Byron alludes to this fairy-palace and its
BEG
BEC
Had the philanthropic spirit of Howard, rather than the
ignoble idolatry of self, animated the bosom of "England's
wealthiest son," he had not been "lone" in heart amid his
regal splendour. The happiness then diffused by him
would have irradiated his own path, and thousands would
have arisen to call him blessed. It is vain for that man
to expect peace upon earth who perverts the design of his
creation by "living to himself!"
Mr. Beckford possessed a very valuable collection of
pictures, books, and curiosities; his knowledge of the fine
arts and general accomplishments were of the highest
order. In 1822 Fonthill was thrown open to strangers,
preparatory to a sale. 7,200 catalogues were disposed of
at a guinea each. It was, however, sold by private con-
tract (some books, pictures, &c., reserved from the collec-
tion) to John Farquhar, Esq., for £330,000. In the follow-
ing year the collection was sold by Mr. Philips, occupying
37 days. See works on Fonthill by Britton, Rutter, Sto-
rer, &c.; Historical Notices of Fonthill Abbey, Wiltshire,
by Mr. Nichols, 4to, 1836; Gent. Mag. 1844.
In 1783 Mr. Beckford married Lady Margaret Gordon,
daughter of the Earl of Aboyne, who died in 1786, leaving
issue two daughters, one of whom married Lieutenant-Ge-
neral (then Colonel) James Orde; and the other married
Alexander, Duke of Hamilton, Brandon, and Chatelherault.
Mr. Beckford was lineally descended from the blood royal
of Scotland, and an "extraordinary accumulation of de-
scents from royal and illustrious houses" concentred in his
person.
We may now consider Mr. Beckford as an author, and
here, in his own line, he is entitled to as high a position
as he might have justly claimed as a virtuoso. At the
age of 19 he pub. Biographical Memoirs of Extraordinary
Painters, Lon., sm. 8vo, 1780, a work satirizing some En-
glish artists under feigned names.
"This volume is an object of curiosity, as it exhibits the germs
of some of the finest passages in the subsequent work of the writer,
-Vuthel. The description of the imaginary hall in the ark of Neah,
in the tale of Andrew Guelph, and Og of Basan, possesses much
of the wild sublimity and mysterious interest which characterizes
the account of the hall of Eblis; and the touches of playful satire
which frequently occur to relieve the sombre character of the par-
rative, in some parts of Vathek, are not less visible in these Me-
moirs. We conceive that few persons can read these fictitious
biographies, without wishing that the author had oftener favoured
the world with his lucubrations. Industry alone seems to have
been wanting to have raised him to a level with the greatest novel-
ists of the age.'
""
his roof and indulged with a perusal of his secret lucubrations
His book is entirely unlike any book of Travels in prose that
exists in any European language; and if we could fancy Lord By-
•
}
ron to have written the Harold in the measure of Don Juan, and
to have availed himself of the facilities which the ottava rima af
fords for intermingling high poetry with merriment of all sorts,
and especially with sarcastic sketches of living manners, we be
lieve the result would have been a work more nearly akin to that
now before us than any other in the library. He is a poet, and a
great one, too, though we know not that he ever wrote a line of
verse. His raptures amidst the sublime scenery of mountains an I
forests. in the Tyrol, especially, and in Spain, is that of a spirit cast
originally in one of Nature's finest moulds; and he fixes it in lan-
massive, nervous. apparently little laboured, yet revealing, in its
guage which can scarcely be praised beyond its deserts-simple,
effect, the perfection of art. Some immortal passages in Gray's
letters. and Byron's diaries. are the only things, in our tongue,
that seem to us to come near the profound melancholy, blended
with a picturesque description at once true and startling, of many
of these extraordinary pages. Nor is his sense for the highest
beauties of art less exquisite. He seems to us to describe classical
architecture, and the pictures of the great Italian schools, with a
most passionate feeling of the grand, and with an inimitable grace
of expression. On the other hand, he betrays, in a thousand
places, a settled voluptuousness of temperament, and a capricious
recklessness of self indulgence, which will lead the world to iden-
tify him henceforth with his Vathek as inextricably as it has long
since connected Harold with the poet that drew him. . . . We risk
nothing in predicting that Mr. Beckford's Travels will henceforth
be classed among the most elegant productions of modern litera-
ture: they will be forthwith translated into every language on the
Continent and will keep his name alive, centuries after all the
brass and marble he ever piled together have ceased to vibrate
with the echoes of Modenhas.”—Lm. Quarterly Review, li. 426.
Another authority of great reputation, which has guillo-
tined as many unhappy authors in a lustre or two past as
did the Edinburgh Review in the first twenty years of its
"destructive ravages," thus commends the book under our
notice:
“A work rich in scenes of beauty and of life. It is a prose poem.
The writer was a young enthusiast, with a passionate love of the
ideal and the spiritual, whether in art or nature: travelling had
little to do with the work but to call forth feeling; in proof, it was
written fifty years ago, yet, though the road has since been tra-
velled by others to utter weariness, it is as fresh and delightful as
if the ink were not dry with which it was written. There are
scenes in these volumes not to be excelled in modern poetry; pic-
tures where words are as rich in colour and in beauty as the pen-
cil of Turner: the rest is but the connecting link which holds
them together. We are not sure that all will agree in this judg
ment: but the work will assuredly fit audience find,' and take
a permanent rank in our libraries. . . . In the account of Portu-
gal there is everywhere the same vivid picturing, the same rich
colouring, the same passion and power: but instead of scenes from
inanimate nature, we have them from life. .. Our extracts, with
the exception of those relating to Venice, have been taken almost
at random, so rich is the work in scenes of beauty and of life.".
London Athenæum, 1834.
Mr. Beckford has connected his name still more closely
with Portugal, by his Recollections of an Excursion to the
Monasteries of Alcobaca and Batalha, published in 1835.
The excursion was made in June, 1794, at the desire of the
Prince Regent of Portugal.
"They are a series of sharp and brilliant satires on the Dutch
and Flemish schools; the language polished and pointed; the
sarcasm at once deep and delicate; a performance in which buoy-
ancy of juvenile spirit sets off the results of already extensive ob
servation, and the judgments of a refined (though far too fastidi-
ous and exclusive) taste.”—Lon. Quarterly Review.
The celebrated romance of Vathek was published in
French at Lausanne in 1787. The English edition, issued
in 1786, was a translation not made by the author, nor
by his consent. Several editions in English have been
published. So admirable was the French original for
style and idiom, that it was considered by many as the
work of a Frenchman."
"
Lord Byron, a very competent judge both of the subject
and the way in which it should be treated, praises Vathek
in the highest terms:
"For correctness of costume, beauty of description, and power
of imagination, this most Eastern and sublime tale surpasses all
European imitations; and bears such marks of originality that
those who have visited the East will have some difficulty in be-
lieving it to be more than a translation.. As an Eastern tale
even Rasselas must bow before it: his Happy Valley will not bear
a comparison with the Hall of Eblis."
}
A high authority thus comments upon the noble critic
and his subject:
"Vathek is, indeed, without reference to the time of life when
the author penned it, a very remarkable performance: but, like
most of the works of the great poet who has thus eloquently praised
It, it is stained with some poison-spots; its inspiration is too often
such as might have been inhaled in the Hall of Eblis. We do not
allude so much to its audacious licentiousness, as to the diaboli-
cal levity of its contempt for mankind. The boy-author appears
already to have rubbed all the bloom off his heart; and, in the
midst of his dazzling genius, one trembles to think that a strip-
ling of years so tender should have attained the cool cynicism of a
Candide.”—Lon. Quarterly Review.
"Vathek, the finest of Oriental romances, as Lalla Rookh is the
finest of Oriental poems."-North's Memoir of Beckford.
In 1834, after lying unpublished (though printed) for
near half a century, appeared Italy, with sketches of Spain
and Portugal, in a Series of Letters written during a Resi-
dence in those Countries, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo.
"Mr. Beckford has at length been induced to publish his let-
ters, in order to vindicate his own original claim to certain
thoughts, images, and expressions, which had been adopted by
other authors whom he had from time to time received beneath
|
"The monastery Alcobaca was the grandest ecclesiastical edifice
in that country, with paintings, antique tombs. and fountains;
the noblest architecture, in the finest situation, and inhabited by
monks who lived like princes. The whole of these sketches are
interesting, and present a gorgeous picture of ecclesiastical pomp
and wealth."-Lon. Gnt. Mag.
*C
The travellers were conducted to the kitchen by the
abbot, in his costume of High Almoner of Portugal, that
they might see what preparations had been made to re-
gale them."
6.
Through the centre of the immense and nobly-groined hall.
not less than sixty feet in diameter, ran a brisk rivulet of the
clearest water, containing every sort and size of the finest river
fish. On one side, loads of game and venison were heaped up.
On the other, vegetables and fruits, in endless variety. Beyond
a long line of stoves, extended a row of ovens, and close to them,
hillocks of wheaten flour whiter than snow, rocks of sugar, jars of
the purest oil, and pastry in vast abundance, which a numerous
tribe of lay brothers and their attendants were rolling out, and
puffing up into a hundred different shapes, singing all the while
as blithely as larks in a corn field."
This magnificent monastery was plundered and given to
the flames by the French troops under Massena, in 1811·
-One of the many sacrifices to the boundless ambition of
one of the smallest and greatest men who has ever dis-
graced the annals of humanity-Napoleon Bonaparte!
Small in his narrow-minded selfishness, great in an intel-
lect perverted to the worst purposes, and ever memorable
as one of the most remorseless and unscrupulous wretches
who ever trod the earth for the punishment of the nations.
We have only room for one opinion upon the Recollec-
tions:
"Pleasing and picturesque as the clime and places visited, this
is just a book for the indulgence of the dolce får niente; and our
readers can hardly take a more grateful literary companion with
them to the couch or grove.
them to the couch or grove. Again we have to express the plea-
sure which this volume has afforded us, and recommend it to the
153
BEC
BED
favour it so richly merits; for, though of slight texture, it is a very
charming production."-London Literary Gazette.
See Memoirs of Beckford, Lon., 1858, 2 vols. p. Svo, and
review of the same, Lon. Athenæum, Dec. 11, 1858.
Beckingham, Charles, 1699-1730-1, a native of
London, wrote Scipio Africanus, Henry IV. of France,
(both tragedies,) and some other pieces. He also trans.
He also trans.
from the Latin of Rapin, Christ's Sufferings, a Poem. lis
tragedies were represented on the stage before he had com-
pleted his twentieth year; they were
"Not such as required the least indulgence or allowance on
account of his years, but such as bore evidence to a boldness of
sentiment, an accuracy of diction, an ingenuity of conduct, and a
maturity of judgment, which would have done honour to a much
more ripened age.”—Biog. Dramat.
Beckington, Bekynton, or De Bekinton, Tho-
mas, d. 1464-65, tutor to Henry VI., Secretary of State,
Keeper of the Privy Seal, and Bishop of Bath and Wells,
was born in the parish of Beckington, in Somersetshire.
He wrote a book on the Right of the Kings of England to
the Crown of France, which with some of his Tracts is in
MS. in the Cottonian Library. Some of his letters are
preserved in the library at Lambeth.
In 1828 that eminent antiquary, Sir Nicholas Harris Ni-
colas, pub. the Bishop's Journal during his Embassy to
negotiate a Marriage between Henry VI. and a daughter
of the Count Armagnac, in 1442, Svo.
"This Journal throws considerable light on an event of import-
ance in the history both of this country and of France, and af
fords much interesting information on an occurrence which has
hitherto been very brielly noticed. There are several letters of
Henry VI.. with copies of all letters sent and received by the am-
bassadors connected with their missions."
Beckwith, John. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1794.
Beckwith, Josiah, b. 1734, an intelligent antiquary
and genealogist, pub. an improved edition of Blount's
Fragmenta Antiquitatis, or Ancient Tenures of Land and
Jocular Customs of some Manors, Lon., 1784.
"Few persons were better qualified for this business; and Mr.
Beckwith has enriched this edition with many valuable additious
and improvements. . . . He has subjoined many notes and obser
vations, which have been communicated by some of the most ro-
spectable antiquaries of the present day."Lon. Monthly Review.
Beckwith, Thomas, 1731-1799, brother to the above,
and also an enthusiast in antiquarian and genealogical re-
searches, compiled A Walk in and about the city of York,
on the plan of Gostling's Walk in and about the city of
Canterbury. Mr. B. never pub. any thing, but made ex-
tensive collections of valuable papers on his favourite
subjects, which are now in the Bodleian Library, the library
of the College of Arms, and other depositories.
Beckwith, William. A Plan to prevent all Chari-
table Donations for the Benefit of Poor Persons, in the
several Parishes of England and Wales, from loss, misap-
plication, embezzlement, non-application, fraud, and abuse,
in future, Lon., 1807, Svo.
A Letter to Sir S. Romilly rel. to Chancery Proceedings,
Lon., 1810.
Becon, or Beacon, Thomas, b. about 1510, d. 1570,
a zealous Reformer, was a native of Kent. In 1560 he
was presented to the rectory of Buckland in Hertfordshire,
and three years later to a church in London. He had a
prebendal stall at Canterbury. He wrote many works,
principally short tracts in defence of the doctrines of the
Reformation. His Worckes diligently perused, corrected
and amended, were pub. in a folio vol. in 1563-64, by
John Day. Only a portion of his works is included in
this volume. His publications bear dates 1541-77. Many
appeared under the assumed name of Theodore Basil.
For a list of his many productions, see Watt's Bib. Brit.
The Parker Society pub. Camb., 1843, his Early Works;
being the treatises published by him in the reign of
King Henry VIII.; in 1844 his Prayers and other
pieces; both of these books were edited by the Rev. John
Ayre, M.A.
Becon is an excellent writer, and the most voluminous after
Foxe. – BICKERSTETH,
*
See Tanner; Strype's Parker.
Beconsall, Thos. 1. Sermon. 2. Natural Religion,
1697-98.
Beda, or Bede, 672-735. No name is more illustri-
ous in the history of literature and science during the
Middle Ages than that of the "venerable" Bede; and we
may add that in proportion to his celebrity there are not
many writers of whose personal history we possess so few
details. His studious and contemplative life probably of-
fered few remarkable incidents to arrest the pen of the
biographer or historian; and to his contemporaries, as well
as to after ages, (with the exception perhaps of the monas-
tic congregation in which he resided,) he lived chiefly by
his works. The only accurate information relating to
Bede's life (with the exception of Cuthbert's account of
his last moments) is given by Bede himself, at the end of
his Ecclesiastical History. All the other biographies, which
are of little or no importance, are founded upon what he
there states. Smith has inserted in his edition of Bedo's
historical works, an anonymous life written apparently in
the 11th century. Mabillon has given another life, written
after the beginning of the 12th century, and other anony-
mous lives are inserted in the Acta Sanctorum and in Cap-
grave. Notices more or less detailed are found in Simeon
of Durham, William of Malmsbury, and other historians.
Baronius and Mabillon have collected together most of the
materials relating to the life of this great Anglo-Saxon
writer. More recently, memoirs have been published by
Mr. Stevenson, in his edition of the Ecclesiastical History,
and by Henry Gehle, in a separate work, entitled Dispu-
tatio Historico-Theologica de Beda Venerabilis, Presby-
teri Anglo-Saxonis, Vita et Scriptis, Svo, Lug. Bat., 1838.
The name in Anglo-Saxon was Beda; as in all words
of this form, and names that have continued through many
ages to be in people's mouths, the Anglo-Saxon termina-
tion a became softened into the later English dumb e. The
form Bede has been continued, because it is not incorrect,
and because it is the most popular.
Bede was born in 672 or 673, near the place where Be-
nedict Biscop soon afterwards founded the religious house
of Wearmouth, perhaps in the parish which is now called
Monkton, and which appears to have been one of the ear-
liest endowments of the monastery. As soon as he had
reached his seventh year, Bede was sent to Wearmouth to
profit by the teaching of Biscop, from which period to his
death he continued to be an inmate of that monastery.
After the death of Benedict Biscop, Bede pursued his stu-
dies under his successor Ceolfrid, and at the age of nine-
teen, about A.D. 692, was admitted to deacon's orders by
John of Beverley, then newly restored to his see of Hex-
ham; and in his thirtieth year (702 or 703) he was or-
dained to the priesthood by the same prelate. The early
age at which Bede received holy orders shows that he was
then already distinguishing himself by his learning and
piety; and there can be little doubt that his fame was
widely spread before the commencement of the 8th cen-
tury. At that period, according to the account which has
been generally received, Bede was invited to Rome by
Pope Sergius I., to advise with that pontiff on some diffi-
circumstance is a letter of the pope to Ccolfrid, expressing
cult points of church discipline. The authority for this
his wish to see Bede at Rome, which has been inserted by
William of Malmsbury in his History of England. It
Rome on this occasion; and reasons have been stated for
seems, however, nearly certain that Bede did not go to
supposing the whole story, as far as Bede was concerned
in it, to be a misrepresentation.
The remainder of Bede's life appears to have passed away
in the tranquillity of study and in pious exercises. He
never separated himself from the monastery in which he
had been educated, but composed within its walls the nu-
merous books which have thrown so much lustre on his
written during the fifteen years preceding 731. His smaller
name. The larger portion of these works was probably
treatise De Temporibus is supposed to have been composed
about 701 or 702, and the book De Natura Rerum perhaps
about the same time. Bede had finished the three books
of his Commentary on Samuel just before the death of
Ceolfrid, i. e. in 716. The treatise De Temporum Ratione
was composed in 726; the lives of the first Abbots of Wear-
mouth and Yarrow were published about 716, or soon after;
and in 731 was completed most important work, the
Ecclesiastical History of the Anglo-Saxons.
A narrative of Bede's last hours was written by his dis-
ciple Cuthbert, and is still preserved. From this accoun
it appears that the last works on which he employed his
pen were a translation of the Gospel of St. John into An-
glo-Saxon, and a collection of extracts from one of the
works of Isidore. At the commencement of the month of
April, 735, he was seized with a shortness of breathing,
under which he languished till the 26th of May, suffering
little pain, but pining away under the effects of his disease
and the absence of sleep. During this time he occupied
himself day and night either in admonishing his disciples.
or in prayer, or in repeating passages from the Scriptures
and the fathers of the church, interspersing his observations
from time to time with pieces of religious poetry in his
native tongue. On the 26th of May, the symptoms became
more alarming, and it was evident that death was near at
hand. During that day, he continued to dictate (probably
154
BED
BED
|
the translation of the Gospel of St. John) to one of the
younger members of the community, who acted as his
scribe; and he resumed the same work early the next
morning, which was the Feast of the Ascension, or Holy
Thursday, and he told his disciples to write diligently.
This they did till nine o'clock, when they retired to per-
form some of the religious duties peculiar to that day. One
of them then said to him, "Dearest master, one chapter
still remains, and thou canst ill bear questioning." But
Bede desired him to proceed, telling him to "take his pen
and write hastily." At the hour of nones, (twelve o'clock,)
Bede directed Cuthbert to fetch from his closet his spices
and other precious articles, which he shared among the
presbyters of the house, and begged that they would say
masses and prayers for him after his death. He passed
the remainder of the day in prayer and conversation, amid
the tears of his companions, till evening, when his scribe
again interrupted him, telling him that only one sentence
of his work remained unfinished. Bede told him to write,
and he dictated a few words, when the youth exclaimed,
"It is now done!" "Thou hast said right," answered
Bede, "it is done!" "Support my head with thy hands, for
I desire to sit in my holy place where I am accustomed to
pray, that sitting there I may call upon my Father." And
thus on the floor of his closet, chaunting the Gloria Patri,
he had just strength to proceed to the end of the phrase,
and died with the last words (Spiritui Sancto) on his lips.
The date of Bede's death is accurately fixed in the year
735, by the circumstance that in that year the Feast of the
Ascension fell upon the 27th of May. He was buried at
Yarrow, and, according to William of Malmsbury, the fol-
lowing epitaph was placed on his tomb:
rexi.) 28. The life of St. Cuthbert, written first in verse,
and afterwards in prose. 29. The history of the Abbots
of Wearmouth and Yarrow. 30. The Ecclesiastical His-
tory. 31. A Martyrology. 32. Hymns, in various metres
or rhythms. 33. A book of Epigrams, in Latin verse.
34, 35. The books De Natura Rerum and De Temporibus.
36. A larger book de Temporibus. 37. A book de Ortho-
graphia, arranged in alphabetical order. 38. A treatise
on Metres, (de Metrica Arte,) to which was added another,
de Schematibus sive Tropis.
|
"Presbyter hic Bede requiescat carne sepultus.
Dona, Christe, animam in cœlis gaudere per ævum;
Daque illi sophiæ debriari fonte, cuï jam
Suspiravit ovans intento semper amore.”
To the foregoing list may be added a few books, which
are of undoubted authenticity, and which, with one excep-
tion, were written subsequently to the completion of the
Ecclesiastical History. 39. The Libellus de Situ Urbis
Hierusalem, sive de Locis Sanctis, already mentioned as
an abridgment from the older work of Adamnan. We
know that this tract was published before the appearance
of the Ecclesiastical History, in which it is mentioned, and
it is singular that it should be omitted in Bede's list.
40. In his old age, soon after the completion of the Eccle-
siastical History, Bede wrote (in imitation of St. Augustine)
a book of Retractationes, in which with characteristic can-
dour he points out and corrects errors admitted into the
writings of his earlier years. 41. The Epistle to Albinus,
edited by Mabillon, and written soon after the year 731.
42. The Epistle to Archbishop Egbert, written at the end
of the year 734 or in the beginning of 735. 43, 44. The
Compilation from Isidore, and the Anglo-Saxon version of
St. John, which occupied Bede's last moments.
It will be seen by the foregoing list, that the subjects
of the writings of Bede are very diversified. They are the
works of a man whose life was spent in close and constant
study, industrious compilations rather than original com-
positions, but exhibiting profound and extensive learning
beyond that of any of his contemporaries. He was not
unacquainted with the classic authors of ancient Rome;
and his commentaries on the Scriptures show that be un-
derstood the Greek and Hebrew languages. His works
may be divided into four classes, his theological writings,
his scientific treatises, his poetry and tracts on grammati-
cal and miscellaneous subjects, and his historical books.
1. A very large portion of Bede's writings consists of com-
mentaries on the different books of the holy Scriptures,
exhibiting great store of information and acuteness of per-
ception, but too much characterized by the great blemish
of the medieval theology, an extravagant attachment to
allegorical interpretation. 2. The only scientific treatises
of which we can with certainty regard Bede as the author,
are those indicated in his own list of his writings. They
are still preserved, and, though no better than compila-
tions from other writers, and more especially from Pliny
the elder, they exhibit to us all the scientific knowledge
possessed by our forefathers until a much later period.
The tract De Natura Rerum, which was one of Bede's
earliest works, and the Anglo-Saxon abridged translation
made in the tenth century, were the text-books of science
in England until the twelfth century. 3. His grammati-
cal and philological writings show his judgment and learu-
ing in a very favourable point of view. His observations
on the structure and characteristics of Latin verse are dis-
tinguished by good taste, and are illustrated by examples
selected by himself from the best of the classic, as well
as from the Christian, Latin poets. He sometimes criti-
cizes Donatus and the older grammarians. Bede's own
metrical compositions are a proof rather of his industry
than of his genius; they are constructed according to the
rules of art, and possess a certain degree of correctness,
but are spiritless. 4. As a historian, the name of Bede
will ever stand high in the list of our national writers.
One of the earliest books of this class which he wrote, was
the history of the abbots of his own monastery, published
not long after A. D. 716. He composed the life of St.
Cuthbert at the request of Bishop Eadfrith and the monks
of Lindisfarne, and therefore some time before the year
721. But his most important work composed in his more
mature age, was his Ecclesiastical History of the Anglo-
Saxons. Upon this work, which was undertaken at the
request of two ecclesiastics, Albinus and Nothhelm, he ap-
pears to have laboured with great diligence during several
years. He derived little assistance from previous writers,
for the books he quotes are few and unimportant; but his
own reputation at this period of his life, and his acquaint-
ance with the most eminent ecclesiastics of his age, placed
within his reach a large mass of valuable original mate-
rials. For a comprehensive list of the editions of Bede,
we refer to the learned work to which we are indebted for
this memoir-Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Bede has given us, at the conclusion of his Ecclesiastical
History, the following list of the works which he had com-
posed previously to that time, (A.D. 731.) 1. A commen-
tary on Genesis, as far as the twenty-first chapter inclusive.
Part of this work will be found in the editions of Bede's
collected works; the rest was edited by Henry Wharton,
in his collection of Tracts by Bede. 2. A treatise on the
tabernacle and its vessels, and on the vestments of the
priests, in three books. 3. A commentary on the first
thirty-one chapters of the first book of Samuel, (usque ad
mortem Saulis,) in three books. 4. The treatise de ædifi-
catione Templi, (an allegorical interpretation of the temple
of Solomon,) in two books. 5. Detached observations on
the books of Samuel and Kings. (In Regium librum xxx.
questiones.) 6. A commentary on the Song of Solomon,
in seven books. 7. A commentary on the Proverbs of
Solomon, in three books. S. Glosses on Isaiah, Daniel,
the Twelve Prophets, and part of Jeremiah, extracted from
St. Jerome. 9. On Ezra and Nehemiah, in three books.
10. On the Song of Habacuc, in one book. 11. On the
book of Tobit, (In Librum beati patris Tobiæ, explana-
tiones allegorica de Christo et ecclesia,) in one book.
12. Hends of readings, (capitula lectionum,) on the Penta-
teuch and on the books of Joshua and Judges. 13. A
commentary in libros Regum et Verba dierum. 14. A
commentary on the book of Job. 15. On the Proverbs,
Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Solomon. 16. On Isaiah,
Ezra, and Nehemiah. 17. A commentary on the Gospel
of St. Mark, in four books. 18. A commentary on St.
Luke, in six books. 19. Homilies on the Gospel, in two
books. 20. A compilation from St. Augustine-In Apos-
tolum quæcunque in opusculis sancti Augustini exposita
iareni, cuncta per ordinem transcribere curavi. 21. A
commentary on the Acts of the Apostles, in two books.
22. Commentaries on the seven Catholic Epistles. 23. A
commentary on the Apocalypse, in two books. 24. Heads
of readings on the whole of the New Testament, with the
exception of the Gospels. 25. A book of Epistles addressed
25. A book of Epistles addressed
to various persons. These Epistles were in fact tracts ad-
dressed to his friends on the following subjects: On the six
Ages of the World, (de sex ætatibus sæculi;) on the Man-
sions of the Children of Israel; on the words of Isaiah,
Et claudentur ibi in carcerem, et post dies multos visita-
buntur, (Isa. xxiv. 22;) on the Bissextile; on the Equinox,
according to Anatolius. The second and third of these
tracts are lost. 26. The life of St. Felix, compiled in prose
from the metrical life by Paulinus. 27. A corrected edition
of the Life of St. Anastasius, which had been inaccurately
translated from the Greek. (Librum vitæ et passionis
sancti Anastasii, male de Græco translatum, et pejus a
quodam imperito emendatum, prout potui, ad sensum cor-
1
155
BED
BED
Translations.
King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon version of the Ecclesias-
tical History, printed in the editions of the original by
Wheloc (1643) and Smith (1722.) The History of the
Church of England, compiled by Venerable Bede, English-
man, translated out of Latin into English by Thomas Sta-
pleton, Student in Divinitie, 4to, Antwerp, 1565. Historie
of the Church of England, Svo, St. Omers, 1622. This is
a reprint of Stapleton's Translation; Ecclesiastical His-
tory of the English Nation from the coming of Julius
Cæsar into this Island in the 60th year before the incar-
nation of Christ till the year of our Lord 731; written into
Latin by Venerable Bede, and now translated into English
from Dr. Smith's edition. To which is added, the Life of
the Author, also Explanatory Notes, Svo, London, 1723.
The translator was John Stevens. The History of the
Primitive Church of England, from its origin to the year
731; written in Latin by Venerable Bede, Priest of that
Church, a few years before his death; in Five Books, now
translated by the Rev. William Hurst, of St. Mary's Cha-
pel, Westminster, Svo, London, 1814. The Lives of Bene-
The Lives of Bene-
dict, Ceolfrid, Easterwine, Sigfrid, and Huetbert, the first
five abbots of the united monastery of Wearmouth and
Jarrow translated from the Latin of Venerable Bede,
to which is prefixed a Life of the Author, by the Rev.
Peter Wilcock, Svo, Sunderland, 1818. The Ecclesiastical
History of the English Nation; translated from the Latin
of Venerable Bede, to which is prefixed a Life of the Au-
thor, by J. A. Giles, LL.D., Svo, London, 1840. Popular
Treatises on Science; written during the Middle Ages,
edited by Thomas Wright, Svo, London, 1841; (published
by the Historical Society of Science,) pp. 1-19. The An-
glo-Saxon abridged version of Bede's Treatise De Natura
Rerum.-Abbreviated from Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Since the publication of the Biog. Brit. Lit., (in 1842,)
the public has been favoured with an edit. of The Com-
plete Works of Bede, in the original Latin, collected and
accompanied by a new English translation of the Histo-
rical Works, and a Life of the Author, by the learned
J. A. Giles, LL.D., comprised in 12 vols. Svo, 1843-4, pub.
at £6 68.
Beddoes, Thomas, M.D., 1760-180S, an eminent
physician and chemist, was born at Shiffnall, in Shrop-
shire. In 1776 he was entered of Pembroke College, Ox-
ford, where he was remarkable for his assiduity in his
studies, and proficiency in the Latin tongue. He also
made himself acquainted with French, Italian, and Ger-
man. Dr. B. married Maria Edgeworth's younger sister.
attainment of classical learning, that I do not recollect his having
devoted a single day, or even hour, to diversions or frivolous
amusements of any kind."
He pub. in 1784, Dissertation on Natural History, from
the Italian of Spallanzani, 2d ed., 1790. He added notes
to Dr. E. Cullen's trans. of Bergman's Physical and Che-
mical Essays; and in 1785 trans. the same author's Essay
on Elective Attractions. On the death of Dr. Austin he
succeeded to the chemical lectureship at Oxford. Not
satisfied with his extraordinary attainments in chemistry,
physiology, mineralogy, botany, &c., he turned his atten-
tion to the interests of politics, education, and political
economy, and in 1792 surprised his friends with a poem
founded upon Alexander's Expedition to the Indian Ocean.
This he passed off as a production of Dr. Darwin's to some
enthusiastic admirers of that gentleman's poetry; one of
whom had declared that the poem on the Economy of Ve-
getation was beyond imitation. As another evidence of
the comprehensive grasp of his mind, we may mention
History of Isaac Jenkins, a Moral Fiction, 1793; Obser-
vations on the Nature of Demonstrative Evidence, with
Reflections on Language, 1792; A Word in Defence of the
Bill of Rights against Gagging Bills, 1795; An Essay on
the Public Merits of Mr. Pitt, 1796. Some of Dr. Beddoes's
professional Essays are, besides those mentioned, Obser-
vations on the Nature and Cure of Calculus, Catarrb, and
Fever, 1792; Contributions to Medical and Physical Know-
ledge, from the West of England, 1799; Popular Essay on
Consumption, 1799; Hygeia, 1801-2; On Fever as con-
nected with Inflammation, 1807; Good Advice to Hus-
bandmen in Harvest, &c., 1808. In addition to all his
other literary labours he was a contributor to several of
the medical and literary journals. See Phil. Trans., 1791-
92; Med. Tracts, 1793, '94, '97; Nic. Jour. 1800, '2. '6, '9.
See a list of his publications in Watt's Bib. Brit.
an early patron of Sir Humphry Davy.
"He was a very remarkable man, admirably fitted to promote
Inquiry, better than to conduct it. .. He had talents which
would have exalted him to the pinnacle of philosophical eminence,
if they had been applied with discretion.”—Sir Humphry Davy,
Whilst preparing for the university he resided for two
years with the Rev. Samuel Dickerson, who remarks that
Ilis mind was so intent upon literary pursuits, chiefly the
He was
··
小曲
​A life of Dr. Beddoes was pub. by Dr. Stock in 1811.
Beddoes, Thomas Lovell, 1803-1849, son of the
above, and nephew to Maria Edgeworth, was entered in
his 17th year of Pembroke College, Oxford. In 1822 ho
pub. The Bride's Tragedy.
"With all its extravagancies, and even sillinesses and follies, it
shews far more than glimpses of a true poetical genius, much
tender and deep feeling, a wantouing sense of beauty, &c.”—
Blackwood's Mag., xiv. 723.
The Edinburgh Review prefaces an extract by remark-
ing:
The following will show the way in which Mr. Beddoes manages
a subject that poets have almost reduced to commonplace. We
thought all similes for the violet had been used up; but he gives
us a new one, that is very delightful."
"The ambition that had suggested The Bride's Tragedy died in
the effort of producing it. As with his school fellows, now with
the poets, his power once acknowledged, he abandoned further
competition."
They are commended by Robert Hall, of Leicester.
As a preacher, Mr. Beddome was universally admired for the
piety and unction of his sentiments, the facility of his arrange
ment, and the purity, force, and simplicity of his language; all
which was recommended by a delivery perfectly natural and
graceful. His printed Discourses, taken from the MSS. which he
left behind him at his decease, are fair specimens of his usual per-
formance in the pulpit. They are eminent for the qualities already
mentioned; and their merits, which the modesty of the author
concealed from himself, have been justly appreciated by the reli-
Rev.gious public."-ROBERT HALL.
Bedel, Henry. The Mouth of the Poore, Lon., 1571,
16mo.
Bedell, Gregory Townsend, D.D., 1793-1834, for
twelve years Rector of St. Andrew's Episcopal Church in
Philadelphia, enjoyed a wide reputation as a devoted
pastor, an excellent preacher, and a zealous promoter
of religious literature. Besides editing many books, he
was author of a number of excellent works. 1. Ezekiel's
Vision. 2. Is it well? 3. It is well. 4. Onward, or
Christian Progression. 5. Pay Thy Vows. 6. Renunci-
ation. 7. Way Marks. S. Serms., with Biographical Sketch
of the author by Step. H. Tyng, D.D., 2 vols. Svo. He wrote
several works for the Amer. S. S. Union. This exemplary
man was remarkable for abundant labours persevered in
under great bodily indisposition. His biographer remarks,
For several of the last years of his life he was kept in being
and in active effort, beyond any of the expectations of his friends.
The kind providence of God had favoured him with the kind at-
tentions of a physician, Dr. John K. Mitchell of Philadelphia. [seo
the name in this volume.] whose remarkable skill in his profession,
united with the tenderest concern for his patient's comfort, a clear
understanding of his constitution and habits, and the most un-
tiring assiduity in watching over his health, was blessed from
above to the preservation of his life, and mitigating his sufferings,
for several years after it was supposed by others that he was very
near the end of his course."
After his death a vol. of his Poems was pub., with a memoir
of the author. Works, including Death's Jest-Book, 2 vols
"All that we have quoted. fragmentary as it is, proclaims a
writer of the highest order:-magnificent diction, terse and close
in expression, various and beautiful in modulation, displaying
imaginative thought of the highest reach, and sweeping the cords
of passion with a strong and fearless hand.”—London Examiner.
Beddome, Benjamin. Exposition on the Baptist
20 Short Discourses, pub. from his
Catechism, 1752.
MSS., 1805.
(*
Evangelical and practical."-BICKERSTETII.
As a pulpit orator, Dr. Bedell was greatly admired.
"Remarkable as were these many traits of excellence, it was in
the pulpit that the pastor shone with the highest lustre. Clear,
simple, chaste, logical. impassioned, he combined the most opposite
qualities; and, although reduced almost to a skeleton by con-
sumption. his magnificent voice, with its clear enunciation and
diversified intonation, could be heard at an almost incredible dis
tance. Hopes of heaven, fears of hell, the beauty of holiness,
the deformity of sin. the goodness, the mercy, and the justice of
God, were in turn his theme; and never did his people hear abler
expositions, or more affectionately eloquent appeals."-J. K.
MITCHELL, M.D.: Religious Souvenir, 1835.
Bedell, William, D.D., 1570-1641, Bishop of Kil-
more and Ardagh in Ireland, was one of the most exem-
plary characters in ecclesiastical history. He was born
at Black Notley in Essex, studied in Emanuel College,
Cambridge, was made provost of Trinity College, Dublin,
in 1627, and consecrated bishop in 1629. He was chaplain
to Sir Henry Wotton, ambassador to the republic of Venice.
Adapting himself to the flock which he served, he intro-
duced the reading of the Common Prayer in his cathedral
trans. of the New Testament to be circulated; and had a
in the Irish tongue; he caused Archbishop Daniel's Irish
trans. made into that language of the books of the Old
Testament: and also of some homilies of Chrysostom and
Leo, in which the Scriptures are held up to reverenca
150
BED
BEE
The trans. of the Old Testament was pub. after his death,
(1885, 4to,) at the expense of the Hon. Robert Boyle.
Bishop Burnet wrote an account of his life, pub. in 1685.
His Life, with Letters by Bishop Burnet, is
"A very useful work. containing in the appended Letters, a good
reply to Popery.”—BICKERSTETH.
Bedford, Arthur, 1668-1745, studied at Brasenose
College, Oxford, and took holy orders in 1688. In 1724
he removed to Hoxton, having been chosen chaplain to the
Haberdashers' Company at that place, and remained there
until his death.
Serious Reflections on the scandalous Abuse and Effects
of the Stage, Bristol, 1705, 8vo. A Second Advertise-
ment concerning the Play House, Bristol, 1705, Svo. The
Evil and Danger of Stage Plays; showing their natural
tendency to destroy Religion, and introduce a general
corruption of Manners, in almost two thousand instances,
taken from the plays of the last two years, against all the
methods lately used for their reformation, Lon., 1706, 8vo.
This work was much enlarged, and pub. in 1719 under the
title of A Serious Remonstrance in behalf of the Christian
Religion against the horrid Blasphemies and Impieties
which are still used in the English Play Houses.
The Temple of Music, Lon., 1706, 8vo. The Great
Abuse of Music, Lon., 1711, Svo.
The Scripture Chronology demonstrated by Astronomi-
cal Calculation, &c., Lon., 1730, folio.
"A very learned and elaborate work.”—-Dr. WATERLAND.
"This is a very elaborate work, and displays much learning and
research. The hypothesis which it espouses, however, which is
the correctness of the Hebrew numbers, has been set aside. and
the work altogether superseded, by the valuable publication of
Dr. Hales.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Bedwell, Wm., 1562–1632, among other works pub
a trans. out of Arabic of a treatise called A Discovery of
the Manifold Forgeries, Falsehoods, and Horrible Impieties
of the Blasphemous Seducer Mahammed, Lon., 1615, fol.
Bee, Jón. Dictionary of the Turf, &c., Lon., 1823.
Bee, Thos. Reports Dist. Court S. Carolina, 1810.
Beearde, Richard. A Godly Psalm of Mary, Queen,
Lon., 1558, 8vo. Alphabetum Becardi.
Beebe, P. O. Legal Treatises, N. York, 1834-37.
Beecher, Catherine Esther, b. 1800, at East Hamp-
ton, L.I., eldest daughter of Dr. Lyman Beecher. From 1822
to '32, she was the Principal of a Female Seminary at Hart-
ford, Conn., during which time she pub. a Manual of Arith-
netic, and a series of elementary books of instruction in
Theology, Mental and Moral Philosophy. In 1832, she re-
moved to Cincinnati with her father, and for two years was
the head of an institution for female instruction. 1. Do-
mestic Service. 2. Duty of American Women to their
Country. 3. Housekeeper's Receipt-Book, N. York, 1845,
12mo: many editions. 4. The True Remedy for the Wrongs
of Woman, Bost., 1851, 12mo. 5. Treatise on Domestic
Economy, N.York, 12mo. 6. Truth Stranger than Fiction,
Bost., 1850, 12mo. 7. Letters to the People on Health and
Happiness, N. York, 1855, 12mo. S. Physiology and Callis-
thenics, N. York, 1856, 12mo. 9. Common Sense Applied
to Religion, N. York, 1857, 12mo. This work is said to
present "some striking departures from the Calvinistio
theology." See Appleton's New Amer. Cyc.
1
"The printed writings of Miss Beecher have been connected with
her governing idea of promoting the best interests of her own sex,
and can scarcely be considered as the true index of what her genius,
if devoted to literary pursuits, might have produced.”—Mrs. Hale 3
Woman's Record.
Mr. Bedford preached eight sermons on the Doctrine of!
the Trinity, Svo, 1741, at Lady Moyer's Lecture, and a
number of single sermons, &c.
Bedford, Arthur, Vicar of Sharnbrooke, Bedford,
Thanksgiving after Rebellion. A Sermon, 1 Sam. xii. 24,
1746, 4to.
Bedford, Gunning S., M.D., Prof. of Midwifery, &c.
in the Univ. of N. York, b. 1811, at Baltimore, Md. 1. Clinical
Lects. on the Diseases of Women and Children. N. Y., 1855, |
Svo; 5th ed., 1857, Svo. We have before us twenty-three com-
mendatory notices of this work. 2. Treat. on the Principle,
and Practice of Midwifery, 1859, Svo. Trans.from the French
and edited Chailly's Midwifery; Maygrier's Anatomy; Bau-
declocque on Puerperal Fever; Boisseau on Cholera, &c.
Bedford, Hilkiah, 1663–1724, was admitted of St.
John's College in 1679, and became a Fellow thereof, and
a clergyman of the Church of England. Refusing to take
the oaths at the Revolution, he was ejected. He was fined
1000 marks, and imprisoned 3 years for writing, printing,
and publishing, The Hereditary Right of the Crown of
England asserted, &c., fol., 1713. Of this work, Mr. George
Harbin, another non-juring clergyman, afterwards avowed
himself to be the author. See Nichols's Literary Anec-
dotes, vol. i. p. 168. Bedford trans. An Answer to Fonte-
nelle's History of Oracles, The Life of Dr. Barwick, and
pub. A Vindication of the Church of England in 1710, Svo,
and some other works.
Bedford, Thomas. Cure of Diseases, Lon., 1615, Svo.
Bedford, Thomas. Theolog. works, Lon., 1638-50.
Bedford, Thomas, d. 1773, second son of Hilkiah,
officiated in his clerical capacity among the non-jurors.
He studied at St. John's College, Cambridge. He edited
Simeon of Durham's De Exordio atque procursu Durbel-
mensis Ecclesiæ; which was printed by subscription in
1732, Svo. In 1742 he pub. an Historical Catechism; the
2d ed. The 1st ed. was taken from Abbé Fleury.
1
Bedford, Thomas. Sermons, &c., 1767-78.
Bedford, William. Sermons, 1698, &c.
Bedford, Rev. W. K. Riland. The Blazon of Epis-
copacy; being a Complete List of all the Archbishops and
Bishops of England from the First Foundation of their
Sees to the Present Time, Lon., 1858, Svo.
Bedingfield, James. A Compendium of Medical
Practice, illustrated by interesting and instructive Cases,
and by practical Pathological and Physiological Observa-
tions, Lon., 1816, 8vo.
Bedingfield, Thomas. Trans. Cardan's Comforte,
Lon., 1576, 4to. The History of Florence, 1595, fol.
Bedle, Joseph. Sermon, Lon., 1679, 4to.
Bedle, Thomas. P. P. of the Church Militant, 1610.
Bedloe, Capt. Wm. Narrative of the Horrid Popish
Plot, Lon., 1679, fol. The Excommunicated Prince, Lon.,
1679, fol. Jacobs ascribes this to Bedloe, but Wood to
Thomas Walter.
|
Bedwell, Thos. Planes and Solids, Lon., 1631, 4to.
"Miss Beecher, with her profound and acute metaphysical and
religious writings."-Griswold's Prose-Writers of America.
Beecher, Rev. Charles, son of Dr. Lyman Beecher.
1. The Incarnation, or Pictures of the Virgin and her Son;
with an Introduction by Mrs. Stowe, 12mo, N. York, 1849.
2. Review of the Spiritual Manifestations, N. York, 1853,
12mo. 3. Pen-Pictures of the Bible, N. York, 1855, 18mo.
Beecher, Edward, D.D., b. 1804, eldest son of Dr.
Lyman Beecher; grad. Yale Coll., 1822; Tutor in same In-
stitution, 1825; Pastor of Park St. Church, Bost., 1826–31;
Pres. Illinois Coll., Jacksonville, 1831-44; Pastor of Salem
St. Church, Bost., 1846-56.
St. Church, Bost.. 1846-56. 1. Baptism: its Import and
Modes, N. York, 12mo. 2. Conflict of Ages. Bost., 1854,
12mo. 3. Papal Conspiracy Exposed, N. York, 1855, 12mo.
Beecher, Harriet. See STOWE.
Beecher, Rev. Henry Ward, b. 1813, at Litchfield,
Conn., son of Dr. Lyman Beecher; grad. Amherst Coll.,
1834, and studied theology under his father at the Lane
Seminary. He first settled as a Presbyterian minister at
Lawrenceburg, Ind., 1837, and removed to Indianapolis in
1839, where he remained until 1847, when he accepted an
invitation to become pastor of the Plymouth Church in
Brooklyn, N.Y., an organization of Orthodox Congrega-
tional believers, which position he continues to occupy.
"As a preacher, he is said to have the largest uniform con-
gregation in the United States," and is very popular as a
public lecturer. 1. Lectures to Young Men, Bost., 1850,
12mo; many edits.; also repub. in Dublin. 2. Industry and
Idleness, Phila., 1850, 18mo. 3. The Star Papers, N. York,
1855, 12mo. This work is composed of articles contri-
buted to the N. Y. Independent, and met with a large sale.
4. The Star Papers; 2d Series, N. York, 1858, 12mo.
Life-Thoughts, Bost., 1858, 12mo: 25,000 copies sold
within a few months after publication. This work con-
sists of selections from his extemporaneous sermons made
by one of his congregation and afterwards revised by him-
self. 6. Serms., N. York, 1858, 12mo. Ed. Plymouth Col-
lection of Hymns, N. York, Svo, 12mo, 18mo, &c.
5.
Beecher, Lyman, D.D., b. Oct. 12, 1775, at N. Haven,
Conn., grad. at Yale Coll. 1797, and studied divinity under
President Dwight. In 1798, became pastor of a church at
East Hampton, L.I., and from 1810 to '26 was pastor of
the First Church of Litchfield, Conn. He became pastor
of the newly-established Hanover St. Church, Boston, and
took an active part in the opposition to Dr. Channing
and others in the controversy which occurred among
members of a number of the churches of New England in
1826. In 1832, he became President of the Lane Theo-
logical Seminary at Cincinnati, and, at the same time, had
charge of the Second Presbyterian Church of that city.
Since 1842 he has resided at Boston. He has written very
effectively in the cause of temperance. 1. Plea for the
West, N. York, 18mo. 2. Serms. on Various Occasions, N.
York, Svo, 1842. 3. Views in Theology, 12mo. 4. Skepti-
cism, 12mo. 5. Political Atheism, &c. His collected works
157
BEE
BEL
W
have been pub. under his own supervision, Bost., 3 vols.
12mo. Three sons and two daughters of Dr. Beecher oc-
cupy a place in our Dictionary.
Beechey, Sir Frederic William, 1796-1856, dis-
tinguished himself by his enterprise in voyages of explora
tion to the Pacific and Bebring's Strait, and to the north-
ern coast of Africa. He was author of Narrative of a
Voyage to the Pacific and Behring's Strait in the years
1825-28, Lon., 1831, 2 vols. 4to, pub. at £4 48. Proceed-other volume."-LOWNDES.
ings of the Expedition to explore the Northern Coasts of
Africa in 1821, 22, &c., Lon., 1827, 4to, pub. at £3 38., H.
W. Beechey co-author. A Voyage of Discovery towards
the North Isle, Lon., 1843, Svo.
The Botany of Capt. B.'s Voyage to the Pacific and
Behring's Strait was pub. in 10.numbers, 4to, 1834-41, at
£7 108.; the Zoology in 1839, 4to, at £5 58.; both by that
enterprising publisher Henry G. Bohn, London.
"Captain Beechey's Narrative, we venture to predict, will be,
generally considered as the most interesting of the whole series of
recent voyages. Part of this distinction it undoubtedly owes to
the much greater variety and extent of his field of observation. but
part of it likewise belongs to the superiority of his powers of com-
position. His whole work, though consisting of topics of bound-
less diversity, bangs so capitally together. that we cannot hope,
either by outline or extract, to give a just couception of its inte
rest."-Lon. Quarterly Review.
Beeckman, Captain Daniel. Voyage to and from
the Island of Borneo in the East Indies, Lon.. 1718, Svo.
“An interes'ing work, even at this period of time.”
Reprinted in the 11th vol. of Pinkerton's Collection of
Voyages and Travels.
Beedome. Poems Divine and Humane, Lon., 1641,
Svo. Reprinted in Wit a Sporting, 1657.
Beek, J. Triumph Royal, Lon. 1692, Svo.
Beeke, Henry, 1751-1837, a clergyman and political
economist, consulted in financial affairs by Mr. Pitt and
Mr.Vansittart, (afterwards Lord Bexley,) pub. Observations
on the Income Tax, 1799, Svo, and a Letter on Peace with
France. 1798, Svo.
Beere, Richard. Theological works, Lon., 1789-91.
Beerman. Sermon, Lon., 1663, 4to.
Beesley, Henry. The Soul's Conflict; in 8 Serms.,
Lon., 1656, Svo.
Beeston, Edmund. Practical Sermons, 1739, 8vo.
Beeston, Sir Wm. Con. to Phil. Trans. 1696.
Begg, James A. Theolog. Works, 1831-50.
Begge, John. Contes des Fous, &c., 1812, 8vo.
Begley, Corn. English-Irish Dictionary, 1732, 4to.
Behn, Aphra, Aphara, or Afra, d. 1689, was the
daughter of Mr. Johnson, Governor of Surinam. She re-
sided for some time at Antwerp, where she was employed
as a secret agent of the English government. She pub.
Poems, 1st vol. 1684; 2d 1685; 3d 16SS: these were songs
and miscellanies by Rochester, Etherege, herself, and
others. She also wrote 17 plays, and several histories
and novels. See edits. in Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. She
was the authoress of the celebrated letters between A
Nobleman and His Sister, and 8 love-letters of her own to
Lycidas. Oronokoo, the American Prince, a Novel, (from
which Southern borrowed his Tragedy,) was the fruit of
her personal acquaintance with that noted personage.
The paraphrase of Enone's Epistle to Paris, in the Eng-
lish translation of Ovid's Epistles, is Mrs. Behn's:
| Researches in Primeval History, with a Map, Lot., 1834,
8vo, vol. i.
But when you write of Love, Astrea, then
Love dips his Arrows where you wet your pen.
Such charming Lines did never Paper grace;
Soft as your Sex, and smooth as Beauty's Face."
CHARLES COTTON.
"I was desired to say that the author, who is of the fair sex,
understood not Latin; but if she do not, I am afraid she has given
us who do, occasion to be ashamed."-Dryden's Preface to trans.
of Ovid.
But Dryden did not always weigh his words. The li-
centiousness of Mrs. Behn's pen is a disgrace to her sex,
and the language. Pope, by no means fastidious, yet
bukes Mrs. B. in a well-known couplet:
» &c.
"The stage how loosely does Astræa tread,”
"Most of her comedies have had the good fortune to please: and
tho' it must be confest that she has borrowed very much, not only
from her own Country Men. but likewise from the French Poets:
yet it may be said in her behalf. that she has often been forc'd to
it through baste; and has borrowed from others Stores rather of
Choice than for want of Wit of her own."-Langbaine's Dra-
matic Poels.
"The first attempt to reconstruct history on the principles of the
young science of geology. The author endeavours from the direct
evidence of the Scriptures themselves, to determine the positions
of the countries and places mentioned in the Old Testament, and
the order in which they were peopled; and to explain the Origin
and Filiation of the various races of mankind, and of the lan-
guages spoken by them. It is intended to be completed in au-
Beighton, Henry. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1731, '38, '41.
Beilby. British Quadrupeds, 1790,8vo. Birds, 1797,8vo.
Beilby, John. Gauging of Casks, Lon., 1694, 12mo.
Beilby, Saml., D.D. Sermons, 1781, '90, '95, 1804.
Beke, Charles Tilstone. Origines Biblicæ, or
Bekinsau, John, 1496-1559, a native of Wiltshire,
studied at New College, Oxford, where he was noted for
his proficiency in the Greek tongue. He wrote De Su-
premo et Absoluto Regis Imperio, printed at London in
1546, in Svo, and subsequently in the first volume of Mo.
narchia Romani Imperii, &c., by Melchior Goldast at Franc-
fort, 1621, fol. Dibdin mentions a doubtful edition of 1537
<.
Leaving behind him this character among the R. Catholics,
that as he was a learned man. so might he have been promoted
according to his deserts, had his principles been constant.".
Athen. Oxon.
Bel, Thomas. The Fall of Papistry, Lon., 1628, 4lo.
Bel, William. The Testament of W. B. Doway,
1632, 12mo.
Sermons, 1733, '38, '41.
Belbin, Peter.
Belcamp, J. V. Consil. &c. Hibernia, Lon., 1651, fol.
Belcher. The Laws of Nova Scotia, 1767.
Belcher, or Belchier, Dabridgcourt, was ad-
mitted at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, 1598, re-
moved to Christ Church, Oxford, where he took B. A. in
1600. He trans. into English Hans Beerport, his Risible
Comedy of See me and See me not, printed Lon., 1618, 4to.
Phillips and Winstanley erroneously credit Nash with this
piece. Wood ascribes some other pieces to him. William
Belcher, his father, was a friend of Guillim the herald,
who takes occasion to commend him as
"A man very complete in all gentlemanlike qualities, a lover of
arts, and a diligent searcher after matters pertaining to honour
and contiguity.”—Display of Heraldry,
The gentleman so lauded prefixed some Latin lines to
the Display, in which he enumerates some early English
authors on heraldry:
Botany of the Voyage of H. M. Ship Sulphur, 4to. Voyage
to the Eastern Archipelago, 1843-46, 2 vols. Svo. The Last
of the Arctic Voyages, 2 vols. r. Svo, 1855. Generally un-
favourably reviewed.
Belcher, Mrs. J., U. States. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1755.
Belcher, Joseph, D.D., b. 1794, Birmingham, Eng., a
Baptist minister, settled in U. States. Poetical Sketches
Subjects, &c.; Scripture Narratives; Married
Life; Pastoral Recollections; The Clergy of America;
Live Joyfully; The Baptist Pulpit of the United States;
Religious Denominations of the U. States, Svo, (many eds.
pub.;) George Whitefield, a Biography, &c. He is said to
have written and pub. more religious volumes than any
otner author of the present century. Dr. Belcher bas
edited The Complete Works of Andrew Fuller, of Robert
Hall, &c., and been engaged in other literary labours.
Second edition of Interesting Narratives from the sacred
re-volume, illustrated and improved. Revised and enlarged,
with Additional Narratives, by the author.
"Armorum primus Wynkyn Me wordeus artem
Protulit, et ternis linguis lustravit eandem:
Accedit Leghus: concordat perbene Boswell,
Armor ioque suo vivi diguatur honoris,
Clarorum clypeis et cristis ornat: eamque
Pulchre nobilitat generis blazonia, Ferni :
Amorum proprium docuit Wirleius et usum."
Belcher, Capt. Sir Edward, K.C.B., F.R.S., &c., b.
1799. Voyage round the World, 1835-42, 1843, 2 vols. Svo.
"Among the countries visited by the Sulphur which in the pre-
sent state of science are invested with more particular interest may
be mentioned the Californias, Columbia River, the N. W. Coast of
North America, &c."
"Simplicity of language, and a spirit of genuine piety, cha-
racterize these Interesting Narratives; which, added to Mr. Bel-
cher's happy method of improving the various incidents that pass
under his review, render the book a most acceptable present for
young people."-Scripture Mag.
CC
‘In every narrative, the author holds us in rapt and delighted
attention, pleases us with the chastity of his style, the elegance
of his simplicity, and the pertinence and propriety of his remarks.
Narratives like these are calculated to make their way almost in-
sensibly to the youthful mind, and prepossess it in favour of those
pages in which they are found.”—Baptist Mag.
Belcher, Saml., U. States. Sermon, 1707.
Belcher, Wm. 1. Essays. 2. The Galaxy, Lon.,
"It is no wonder that her wit should gain her the esteem of Mr. | 1787, '90.
Dryden, Mr. Southern, and other men of genius."-Biog. Dram.
Belches, R. General View of the Agriculture of the
County of Stirling, &c., Edin., 1794, 4to.
"Of superior merit.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Belchier, John, Surgeon. Con. to Phil. Trans.,
1732, '36.
Belchier, John. Sermon, 1754, ito.
+
158
BEL
BEL
Bell. Remembrance of Christenings and Mortality;
containing the Weekly Bills during the Plague, 1665, 4to.
Bell. The General and Particular Principles of Ani-
mal Electricity and Magnetism, &c., in which are found
Dr. Bell's Secrets and Practice, Lon., 1792, 8vo.
"Most wonderful Dr. Bell! We will not rob you of any of your
secrets by transcribing them: if our readers wish to explore them
they may buy the book, and pay for it."-Lon. Monthly Review.
Belfour, John. History of Scotland, Lon.,1770,12mo.
"This epitome may prove very acceptable to those who are not
possessed of the larger histories of Scotland. The Author, to use
his own words, writes in a style rather elevated than lifeless;
and his principles are friendly to freedom, both civil and reli-
glous."-Lm. Monthly Review.
Bell, Andrew, D.D., 1753-1832, obtained much ce-
lebrity as the introducer into England of what is called
the Madras system of education. Joseph Lancaster is
considered by some as entitled to this honour, but it is
thought by many that the credit belongs to Dr. B. His
A
principal work is National Education, &c., 1812, 8.
list of publications upon the subjects of the Bell and lan-
caster Question, and education, and a Review will be found
in the Lon. Monthly Review, vol. lxviii., 1812.
Belfour, Rev. Okey. Lyceum, 1809. Sermon, 1818.
Belfrage, Henry, D.D., 1774-1835. Practical Dis-
courses for the Young, 1817. Practical Exposition of the
Assembly's Shorter Catechism, 2 vols. 12mo.
(C
"This work exhibits a system of theology in a popular form, and
is particularly adapted for family instruction."-LOWNDES.
The boys at Madras taught so well, and the school under their
teaching prospered so much, that the doctor became intoxicated
with the mode, and even allowed himself to suppose that in all
cases and circumstances, teaching by the pupils themselves is Let-
ter than teaching by masters. This is a supposition really too
weak to bear being refuted."
"A truly evangelical spirit pervades every page, and renders it
the property of the Universal Church."-Congreg. Magazine.
Sacramental Addresses and Meditations, &c., 2 vols. 12mo.
"A most useful work, well worthy the notice of every young
minister."
Bell, Archibald. Church Members' Directory, 1776.
Bell, Archibald. Use of Grain in Distilleries, 1808.
Bell, Archibald. The New Testament, with the Text
A Guide to the Lord's Table, in the Catechetical Form, &c. in Paragraphs, and illust. by Rhetorical Punctuation, Svo.
"A most comprehensive and Scriptural view of the solemn ordi-
nance to which it relates.”
"The rhetorical punctuation introduced by Mr. Bell gives an
astonishing effect to the delivery of any passage, being perfectly
in unison with the respiratory and vocal powers."
A Monitor to Families, Edin., 1823, 12mo; several eds.
"Dr. Belfrage's Discourses should have a place in every parish
and familiary."-LOWNDES.
Cabinet: Original Essays, 2 vols. 8vo. Count Clermont,
tragedies, and other poems, p. Svo.
A Memoir of Alexander Waugh, D.D., by Hay and H.
Beiftage, 3830, Svo. Dr. B. pub. some other works. See
Life and Correspondence by McKerrow, Svo.
Bell, Beaupré, d. 1745, an antiquary, assisted Blome-
field in the History of the County of Norfolk.
"My late friend, Mr. Beaupré Bell. a young gentleman of
real loss to this part of learning, was busy in putting out a
most excellent knowledge in medals, whose immature death is a
book like that of Patoral, and left his manuscripts, plates, and
coins to Trinity College, Canibridge."-STUKELY: Memoirs of
Curausius.
Belgrave, Richard, D.D., flourished in 1320 under
the reign of Edward II., and was educated at Cambridge.
He wrote among other works Theological Determinations,
in one book, the subject of which was, Utrum Essentia
Divina possit videri? Whether the Divine Essence could
be seen? Ordinary Questions, in one book. Pits gives
him the character of a man of eminent integrity and piety.
"This single question, concerning the Divine Essence, is enough
to show the inutility of the inquiries and studies which engaged
the attention of men in that age."
Bell, Benjamin, an eminent surgeon, a native of
Edinburgh, pub. a number of professional and other works,
Edin., 1778-92. His principal work is A System of Sur-
gery, Edin., Sro. Vol. 1, 1783; 2 and 3, 1784; 4, 1785;
5, 1787; 6, 178S. 7th edit., 1801, in 7 vols., trans. into
French by Bosquillon, Paris, 1796, 6 vols. 8vo; into Ger-
man by E. G. Hebenstreit, Leipsig, 1784–89, 7 vols. Svo;
again in 1792-99, and 1801-10, Svo. His first work, Trea-
tise on the Theory and Management of Ulcers, Edin., 1778,
Svo, reached its 7th edit. in 1801. Trans. into German
and French.
Belgrove, Wm. A Treatise upon Husbandry and
Planting, Boston, New England, 1755, 4to.
Belhaven, Lord. Speech on the Union, 1706, Svo.
Memorable Speeches in the Last Parliament of Scotland,
1706, 4to.
Belfour, Rev. Hugo James, 1802-1827, wrote the
pub. under the
Vampire, and Montezuma, dramatic pieces pub. under the
assumed name of St. John Dorset.
"Possessing, with much facility of composition, poetical talents
of no common order; his reputation as a scholar and a man of
genius rendered him well known. while in England, in the lite
rary circles.”—Lom, Gent. Mag., 1827.
Belfour, John. Tabies, Lon., 1804. Spanish Hero-
ism, 1809. Music; a Poem from the Spanish, 1811. Ray's
English Proverbs, 1813.
"Equally distinguished for the mighty sway of his talents and
the resoluteness of his temper." See Dr. C. A. Goodrich's Select
British Eloquence.
Beling, Richard, 1613-1677, a native of County
Dublin, Ireland, was a leading Roman Catholic during the
rebellion of 1641. Vindiciarum Catholicarum Hiberniæ,
Paris, 1650, 12mo.
"A pretty accurate account of Irish affairs from 1641 to 1649.”
Pub. under the name of Philopater Irenæus. Beling
wrote several other works. Whilst a student at Lincoln's
Inn, he added a 6th book to Sir Philip Sidney's Arcadia,
which was printed with that romance, Lon., 1633, fol., with
only the initials of his name.
"Beling's account of the transactions in Ireland during the pe-
riod of the rebellion is esteemed more worthy of credit than any
[other] written by the Roman party."-Lowndes.
1
Belisario, A. M. Trial of Arthur Hodge, 1811, Svo.
Belke, Thomas. Scripture Inquiry, or Helps for
Memory in the Duties of Piety, Lon., 1641, Svo.
Belknap, Jeremy, 1744–1798, was a native of Boston,
Massachusetts. He graduated at Harvard College in 1762,
and entered the ministry of the Congregational Church in
1767.
He was one of the founders of the Massachusetts
Historical Society, (incorporated in 1794,) and took a lively
interest in its affairs. He pub. The History of New Hamp-
shire, of which the 1st vol. was printed in Philadelphia in
1784, and reprinted in Boston in 1792, with the (2d 1791)
3d. The 3 vols. were reprinted, Boston, 1813, Svo. The
4th ed. of vol. i. was pub. in Dover, N. Hampshire, in 1831,
8vo. A Discourse intended to commemorate the Discovery
of America by Columbus, with 4 Dissertations, Boston,
1792, Svo. American Biography, 1st vol., 1794; 2d, 1798.
Since pub. in 3 vols. The Foresters. Dr. Belknap pub. a
number of sermons, fugitive essays, historical treatises, &c.
Of his History of New Hampshire, vols. 1st and 2d are
historical, vol. 3d relates to climate, soil, produce, &c.
"His deficiency in natural science, as manifested in his history
of New Hampshire, is rendered more prominent by the rapid pro-
gress of natural history since his death. His Foresters is not only
a description of American mauners, but a work of humour and
wit, which went into a second edition."-Allen's American Biog.
Dict.
"His System of Surgery for a long time held the first place in
Medical libraries, and may still be referred to with advantage, as
it affords a true picture of the state of the art at his time, and
does the author credit for his endeavours to divest it of the useless
machinery with which it was then encumbered."
Essays on Agriculture, Edin., 1802, Svo.
"These essays are political, rather than practical.”—Donaldson's
Agricult. Biog.
Bell, Benjamin, of Wigton. Con. to Med. Com., 1789.
Bell, Sir Charles, 1778-1842, was a native of Edin-
burgh, and Professor of Surgery in the university of that
city. He settled in London in 1806, where he soon became
highly distinguished for skill and professional knowledge.
System of Dissections, Edin., 1798-99. Essay on the
Anatomy of Expression in Painting, Lon., 1806, 4to. The
plates for the Svo edit. have been reduced in size, and
suffer materially in consequence. The 2d edit. of the to
size was pub. in 1824. 4th ed. roy. Svo, 1847. The illus-
trations of the author's works were all drawn by himself.
"The artist, the writer of fiction, the dramatist, the man of taste,
will receive the present work (which is got up with an elegance
increasing interest and delight."-Lon. Christian Remembrancer.
worthy of its subject) with gratitude, and peruse it with a lively and
Illustrations of the Great Operations of Surgery: Tro-
pan, Hernia, Amputation, Aneurism, and Lithotomy, fül.,
20 c. p. engravings, 1821 and 1841.
"This is one of the most important works of its class. It is
needless to say that Sir Charles Bell stands in the very first rank
of practical contributors to the scientific literature of this country."
Anatomy of the Brain, 1811, 4to. Diseases of the Ure-
thra, &c., 3d ed., with Notes by John Shaw, 1822, 8vo.
The Hand, its Mechanism and Vital Endowments, as evinc-
ing Design, Lon., 1833, Svo. This is the fourth Bridge-
water Treatise.
"The book affords a great deal to interest and instruct the mind,
and to invite it, by a promise of much rational amusement, to
studies that may not appear at first sight to be susceptible of such
a purpose."-Lon. Monilly Review.
"Sir Charles enters into the whole physical system of man, to
the exposition of which who can be more competent?"-Lon. Quar-
terly Review.
He has by a series of experiments, performed more than twen-
ty-two years ago, determined many important questions relative to
te
the functions of the nervous system."
159
BEL
BEL
|_
See his Nervous System of the Human Body, &c., 3d
ed., 1844, 8vo, and other works. But Alexander Walker
in The Nervous System, Lon., 1814, speaking of his own
early discoveries, declares that the more recent doctrine of
Bell, Magendie, &c., is a plagiarism upon him,
"An inversion and a blunder, associated with useless experi-
ments, which they have neither understood nor explained."
"You are a bold man, Mr. Walker, and it is to be feared you
think too favourably of yourself. It may be true what you say,
but modesty and genius are very usually twins."-Lon. Monthly
Review, 1833.
Institutes of Surgery, 1837, 2 vols. p. 8vo. For a notice
of other works of this eminent Surgeon, see Memoir in
Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1842.
Bell, George. Sermon, 1713–18.
Bell, George. Assize Sermon, 1722, etc.
Bell, George. On Cancer, Lon., 1788, Svo.
Bell, George. On Cow Pox. Edin., 1802, 12mo.
Bell, George. Rejoice and do Good; or the Road to
Happiness: a Charity Sermon, 1805, Svo.
Bell, George Joseph, 1770-1847, brother to Sir
Charles. Legal treatises. Commentaries on the Laws of
Scotland, and on the Principles of Mercantile Jurispru-
dence; 5th ed., Edin., 1826, 2 vols. 4to.
If we were required to point out the work in our language
which approaches more nearly than all others to the beau ideal of
an elementary treatise in jurisprudence, combining the various
requisites of theory and practice. in the most perfect harmony, we
should, without hesitation, name Bell's Commentaries on the Laws
of Scotland."
Mr. Bell's works are highly esteemed. His Treatise on
the Law of Bankruptcy in Scotland, 2 vols. Svo, Edin.,
1804, is said to have been the first general treatise written
upon the law of Bankruptcy in Scotland.
Bell, Henry. Original of Painting, Lon., 1728, 8vo.
Bell, Henry Glasford, formerly founder and editor
of Edinburgh Literary Journal, 1830-32, author of Poems,
Life of Mary Queen of Scots, Svo, 1840. Has been
Sheriff-Substitute of Lanarkshire, Scotland, under Sir A.
Alison, for the last twenty-five years.
1.829.
Bell, Henry Nugent. Huntingdon Peerage, Lon.,
1820, 4to.
"The genealogical account of the family is wholly composed from
the most authentic sources. and the singular circumstances attend-
ing the establishment of the claim to the title of Huntingdon,
which had been unclaimed for nearly thirty years, are detailed
with more spirit and vivacity than truth."-LOWNDES.
Bell, J., Lt. Col. Defence on his Trial, 1810.
Bell, J. A Practical Treatise on the Game Laws, &c.,
Lon., 1839, 12mo.
The author has arranged his matter well; selected his cases
with discretion; prepared his forms correctly; and. on the whole,
produced a work extremely creditable to his industry."-Marvin's
Legal Bibl.
Bell, J. S. Journal of a Residence in Circassia dur-
ing the years 1837, 38, 39, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. 8vo.
"An exciting and well-told narrative of the Circassian struggle
for independence against the Russians."
Bell, James. Translated into English several works
in favour of the Reformation; pub. Lon., 1578, 79, 80, 81.
Bell, James. Sermons preached before the University
of Glasgow, Lon., 1790, 8vo.
Bell, James. Con. to Med. Facts, 1800.
Bell, James, 1769-1833. A System of Popular and
Scientific Geography, 6 vols., etc.
"Nothing can exceed the interest and the value of this work of
Mr. Bell; indeed, as a System of Geography, it has no rival in this
country."-Dublin University Mag.
"The author of this System of Geography is certainly one of the
rst critical geographiers in this country. It is the best work on Geo
graphy in the English language."-Edin. Jour. of Nat. and Geog. Sci.
Bell, Major James. Chronological Tables of Uni-
versal Hist. to End of Reign of Geo. III., Lon. 1820, r. fol.
Bell, John. Gratiarum Actio, etc., Edin., 1590, 16mo.
Bell, John. Farewell Sermon, Lon., 1743, Svo.
Bell, John. Assize Sermon, 1761.
Bell, John, of Autermony, 1691-1780. Travels
from St. Petersburg in Russia to divers parts of Asin,
Glasg., 1763, 2 vols. 4to; Dublin, 1764; Edin., 1788, and
1806; also in the 7th vol. of Pinkerton's Collection of
Voyages and Travels.
"The best model for travel-writing in the English language.".
Lon. Quarterly Review.
Bell, John. System of English Grammar, Glasg., 1769.
Bell, John. New Pantheon, or Historical Dictionary
of the Gods, Demi-Gods, Heroes, and Fabulous Personages
of Antiquity, 2 vols. 4to, plates, Lon., 1790.
Bell, John, M.D., d. 1801.
Lon., 1791, Svo.
"It is copious and generally correct, and, on the whole, very
faithfully and very judiciously compiled."-Lon. Month. Rev.
An excellent and useful compilation."-LoWNDES.
Mr. Bell also pub. A Dictionary of Religion, 1815, and
Lectures on the Church Catechism, 1816, 12mo.
Diseases of Soldiers, &c,
Bell, John, 1763-1820, a celebrated surgeon of Edin-
burgh, brother to Sir Charles Bell, (v. ante.) System of
the Anatomy of the Human Body: vol. i., Edin., 1793; ii.,
1797; iii., 1802; iv., 1804; last two in conjunction with
Sir Charles Bell; 6th edit. of the whole, 1826. Trans. into
German by J. C. A. Heinroth and J. C. Rosenmuller, Leip-
sig, 1806-07, 2 vols. Svo. A volume of Engravings to
illustrate the structure of the Bones, Muscles, and Joints,
Lon., 1790, 4to; and again in 1808, Drawings by Mr. Bell;
a vol. to illustrate the Arteries, in the same manner, by Sir
C. Bell, in 1801, 8vo, and in 1806 and '11. Illustrations
of the Brains and Nerves, by Sir C. Bell, 2 vols. 4to, 1802–03.
Mr. Bell's ill health obliged him to visit Italy; and he d.
of dropsy, at Rome, April 15, 1820. In 1825, Mrs. Bell pub.
his Observations on Italy from notes made during his tour.
"His picturesque descriptions of the country are fresh and de-
lightful landscapes; while his remarks on the pictorial and sculp-
tured treasures of Italy are replete with feeling and judgment,
without the cant of the connoisseur or the servile repetition of the
guide-instructed tourist."-Lon. Lit. Guz.
Bell, John, b. 1800, a celebrated sculptor, has pub.
Compositions from the Liturgy, and Free-Hand Drawing-
Book for the Use of Artisans.
Bell, John, M.D., b. 1796, in Ireland, settled in U. S
1810; grad. Univ. Penn. 1817. 1. Baths and Min. Waters,
Phila., 1831. 2. Health and Beauty, 1838. 3. Regimen
and Longevity, 1842. 4. Lectures on the Prac. of Physic;
4th ed., 1848. 5. Baths and the Water Regimen, 1849.
6. Min. and Thermal Springs of the U. States and Canada,
1855. Dr. B. was a lecturer for many years on the Institutes
of Medicine, &c. in the Phila. Med. Inst., and for two years
Prof. of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in the Med.
Coll. of Ohio. Since 1829 has contributed to, and edited
some of, the leading medical journals of the Ú. States.
¡
Bell, John Gray, bookseller, Manchester, Eng. Essay
on the Constitution and Government of Eng., 1845, 12mo.
Descriptive and Critical Catalogue of Works illustrated by
other wood-engravers, imp. Svo, illustrated: 20 copies, large
Thomas and John Bewick; with notices of their pupils and
paper, imp. 4to, 1851. Genealog. Account of the Descendants
of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, large fol., portraits and plate
of arms. Printed for private circulation only, 1855.
Bell, Robert. Case of Legitimacy, 1811, Edin., 1825.
Bell, Robert. Rerum Hispanicarum Scriptores ali-
quot, Francf., 1578, 2 vols. fol.
Bell, Robert. Con. to Med. Com., 1786.
Bell, Robert. Peasantry in Ireland, Lon., 1804, Svo.
Bell, Robert, b. 1800, at Cork, Ireland. Hist. of Rus-
sia; in Lardner's Cab. Cyc., Lon:, 1836-38, 3 vols. 12mo.
Lives of English Poets; in do., Lon., 1839, 2 vols. 12mo.
Lives of Eng. Dramatists, by R. B., Dr. Dunham, &c., in
Lardner's Cab. Cyc., Lon., 1837, 2 vols. 12mo. Hearts and
Altars, 3 vols. p. Svo. Ladder of Gold, 1857, 3 vols. p. 8vo,
and 12mo. Wayside Pictures through France, &c., 8vo.
Bell, Lt. Col. Robert. Management of Guns, Lon.,
1809, Svo.
Bell, Robert, Jr. Legal Works, Edin., 1792-1814.
Dict. of the Law of Scotland, enlarged by William Bell.
Bell, S.D. Sheriff in N. Hampshire, Cone., 1843, 12mo.
Bell, S. S. The Law of Property as arising from the
relation of Husband and Wife, Lon., 1849, 8vo.
Bell, Susanna. Her Legacy; or, Experience about
Conversion, Lon., 1673, Svo.
Bell, Sydney. Ct. of Session, 1808-33, Edin., 1834, 4to.
Reps. Scotch Appeals, H. of Lords, 1842-50, 7 vols. r. 8vo.
Bell, or Bel, Thomas, author of several controversial
works against the R. Catholics. Motives concerning Romish
Faith and Religion, Camb., 1593, 4to; reprinted 1605.
"In which motives the chief grounds of Papistry are not only
shaken. but the bulwark thereof is beaten down as no Papist in
the world is or shall be able to stand in denial of the same.”-
Strype's Annals.
Anatomie of Popish Tyrannie, Lon., 1603, 4to.
"Interesting for the notices it affords of many distinguished
Jesuits in England during the reign of Elizabeth."-Lowndes.
Bell was engaged in controversy with the notorious
Robert Parsons: for a list of their pamphlets, see Lowndes's
Brit. Librarian, p. 1054.
Bell, Thomas, b. 1792. Hist. of British Quadrupeds,
with nearly 200 illustrations, 1837,
Svo.
66
critical character can warrant, that, without an inspection and
Nothing remains to be added but an assurance as strong as our
perusal of the work, no one can believe how rich it is in useful and
entertaining knowledge, or how graphically and exquisitely it is
embellished."-Lon. Monthly Rev.
History of British Reptiles, 1839, 8vo. Monograph of
the Testudinata, 7 Pts. fol., 1836. Hist. of British Stalk
eyed Crustacea, Svo, 1853.
160
BEL
BEL
•
Bell, Thomas. Antiquitatum Romanorum Compen-
dinm, Glasg., 1672, 12mo, Lon., 1677.
A
A very brief compendium, highly extolled by contemporary
versifiers"
This work elicited a Letter to the author by Dr. Lewis
Bagot, 1781.
"This author gives very different views of the ordinance to
those of Dr. Bell."
The Last Sentiments of P. F. Le Courayer, D.D., on the
different doctrines of Religion, with his Life, 1787, Svo.
The original [in French] was given by the author to the
Princess Amelia, and left to her former chaplain, Dr. Bell.
After the doctor's death his Sermons on various subjects
were pub. in 2 vols., 1817, Svo.
Survey of Popery, 1696, 4to.
Bell, Thomas. Charity Sermon, 1719, 8vo.
Bell, Thomas. Con. to Med. Com., 1774.
Bell, Thomas. Military First Principles, Lon., 1770.
Bell, W. Latin and Greek Grammar, 1775, 12mo.
Bell, William, 1625-1683, Archdeacon of St. Alban's,
was elected scholar of St. John's College, Oxford, and after-
wards Fellow. Sermons, 1661, '72, '78.
(
Leaving behind him a precious name among his parishioners
for his charity, preaching, and other matters, of which they could
not speak enough."-Athen. Ozon.
Bell, William. Excellency, &c. of Patience, Lon.,
1674, 8vo.
Bell, William. Con. to Phil. Trans. 1793.
Mr. Bellamy is among the most arrogant of all translators,
and his version the most absurd of all translations. His work is
a strange hodgepodge of error, confidence, misrepresentation, and
abuse of learned and valuable writers in all the departments of
Biblical literature."-Bibl. Bib.
Bell, William. Stream of Time, Lon., 1810, 8vo.
German Literature, 1811. 12mo.
History of All Religions. New and enlarged ed., Lon.,
Bell, William. A Dictionary and Digest of the 1813, 12mo. The Ophion, &c., Lon., 1811, 8vo.
Laws of Scotland, &c., Edin., 1838, 8vo.
“A useful work, compiled from the best sources.”
Bell, William, 1731-1816, prebendary of Westmin-
ster, and treasurer of St. Paul's, was a student and Fellow
of Magdalen College, Cambridge. He was noted for his
liberality and general excellence of character. He trans-
ferred, in 1810, £15,200 three per cent. consols to the Uni-
versity of Cambridge, as a foundation for eight new scholar-
ships, to be bestowed upon sons of poor clergymen.
Bellamy, Joseph, D.D., 1719-1790, a native of
Connecticut. True Religion Delineated, 1750. The Na-
ture and Glory of the Gospel. Letters and Dialogues be-
tween Theron, Paulinas, and Aspasio upon the Nature
of Love to God, Faith in Christ, and Assurance of a Title
to Eternal Life, 1761, 12mo. Works in 3 vols., 1811;
since in 2 vols., by the Boston Tract and Book Society, Svo.
Mr. Bellamy is an original and striking writer, but taking the
harder features of religion, without the winning and loving grace
of the gospel. IIe is useful in showing the danger of Antinomian
perversions. There is great decisiveness, marking the confidence
of a man who feels the truth."-BICKERSTETH.
A Dissertation on the Causes which principally contri-
bute to render a Nation Populous, [Bachelor's Prize,] Lon.,
1756, 4to. An Inquiry into the Missions of John the Bap-
tist and Jesus Christ, 1761, 8vo, 2d ed.; with additions,
1797. A Defence of Revelation in general, 1765, Syo. A
Sermon preached at the Consecration of Dr. Thomas, Bi-
shop of Rochester, 1774.
His ability to illustrate the truths of the gospel, and to trace
them through all connections and dependencies. and to impress
them on the conscience and heart, has been possessed by few."
An Attempt to ascertain and illustrate the Authority,
Nature, and Design of the Lord's Supper, 1780, Svo.
"A most elaborate work on the subject."
The author's leading object is to discriminate between the law
and the gospel, and to define and illustrate the duties which they
respectively require. We hope the circulation of this work will
be as extensive as the contents are interesting and important, and
that students of divinity, especially, will avail themselves of the
information which it contains."-Evangelical Mag.
Bellamy, Thomas.
Thomas. A Caveat to Kings, Princes,
and Prelates, not to trust to a set of pretended Protestants
of Integrity; showing that it is impossible to be Presby-
terians and not Rebels, Lon., 1662. 8vo. Bellamy is an
assumed name; see Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., iv. 139.
Bellamy, Thomas, 1745-1800, the projector of The
Monthly Mirror, was for 20 years a hosier in London.
He pub. The Friends, 1789, Svo. Miscellanies, 1795, 2
vols. 8vo. Sadaski, or the Wandering Penitent, 1798, 2
vols. 12mo.
"A novel in Dr. Hawkesworth's manner, and possessing consi-
derable merit.”
"As a compendium of Christian ethics these sermons deserve a
place among the best writers of our language."-LOWNDES.
"For well digested thought, and perspicuity of language: for
an intimate survey of the human heart through all its windings;
for accuracy, strength, and sedateness of reasoning, they can
scarcely be surpassed."-British Critic.
Bishop Watson, also, recommends the works of Dr. Bell.
Bellamie, John. Commonalty of London, 1727.
Bellamont, Lord. Letter to Earl of Shelburne, 1783.
Bellamy, D. Poems, 1722; Miscellany, 1725.
Bellamy, D. Theolog. Works, Lon., 1743, 44, 56, '76.
Bellamy, Eliz. Y. Lady's Assistant, 1802, 12mo.
Bellamy, George Anne, 1733-1788, au actress of
note. Apology for her Life, 6 vols., 1785, 12mo. Said to
have been drawn up by Alexander Bicknell, editor of
Carver's Travels in Africa. Memoirs of George Anne Bel-
lamy, by a Gentleman, 1785, 12mo. But little more than
an abridgment of the Apology.
Bellamy, James W. Concordance to the Holy Bible,
4to. Designed to accompany any quarto Bible, but parti-
cularly that edited by Drs. Doyly and Mant, being adapted
to the maps and notes of that edition.
the more ordinary and obvious rules of Grammar, not of the po
culiarities of idiom, and the niceties of construction; he is, besides,
Bellamy, John. The Holy Bible, newly translated
from he original Hebrew, with Notes critical and
*ory, Lon., 1818-21, 4to.
totally destitute of judgment."-Lm. Quar. Rev., xix. 250-250.
Mr. Bellamy did not relish such criticism, and pub. Lon.,
1818, 8vo, A Reply to the Quarterly Review; a produc-
tion which is condemned by Rev. J. W. Whitaker as
"Three parts only of this new translation have been published.
The arrogant claims of the author, and his extravagancies of in-
terpretation, have been exposed in the Quarterly Review, vols. xix.
pp. 250-280, and xxiii. pp. 290-325; in the Eclectic Review, vol. x.
N. S., pp. 1-20, 130–150, 280–299; in the Anti-Jacobin Review, vol.
liv. pp. 97–103, 193–207, 305–316; in Mr. Whitaker's Historical and
Critical Inquiry into the Interpretation of the Hebrew Scriptures,
and Supplement to it. Svo, Cambridge, 1819-20; in Professor Lee's
Letter to Mr. Bellamy, Cambridge, 1821; and last. though not
least in value, in Mr. Hymen Hurwitz's Vindicia Hebraicæ, Lon-
don, 1821, Svo."-Horne's Introduction.
"An intemperate pamphlet, full of the strangest and most glar-
ing inconsistencies." See also Lon. Quar. Rev., xxiii, 287-325.
Mr.Whitaker has exposed the falsehood of many of Mr. Bellamy's
assertions, and his ignorance of the Hebrew language."”—Lowndes.
Seldom has a poor author been so berated. The Eclectic
Reviewers declared that the appropriate title would be
"The Holy Bible perverted from the original Hebrew by John
Bellamy."
And Mr. Orme is as little complimentary in the assur-
ance that
Bellamy, William. Records in the Crown Office.
Bellas, George. Sermon, 1774-79, 4to.
The first two books are, in a general sense. political; the last
relates entirely to the Roman polity, but builds much political
precept on this. Bellenden seems to have taken a more compre
hensive view of history in his first book, and to have reflected
more philosophically on it than perhaps any one had done before:
at least, I do not remember any work of so early an age which re-
explana-minds me so much of Vico and the Grandeur et Décadence of
Montesquieu. We can hardly make an exception for Bodin, be-
cause the Scot is so much more regularly historical, and so much
more concise. The first book contains little more than forty pages.
Bellenden's learning is considerable, and without that pedantry
of quotation which makes most books of the age intolerable. The
latter parts have less originality and reach of thought.”—Hallam's
Lit. Mid. Ages.
Bellenden, Sir, or Dr., John. See BALLENDEN.
Bellenden, William, more generally known by his
Latin name of Gulielmus Bellendenus. a native of Scot-
|
land, humanity professor at Paris in 1602.-DEMPSTER.
James VI. appointed him Magister Supplicum Libellorum,
i. e. Reader of Petitions. He resided chiefly at Paris.
In 1608 he pub. Ciceronis Princeps; an exposition of the
duties of a ruler, illustrated by the precepts of Cicero: to
this piece is prefixed De Processu et Scriptoribus Rei Poli-
ticæ. In 1612 was pub. his Ciceronis Consul Senator
Senatusque Romanus; to the 2d ed. of this dissertation,
pub. in 1616, was appended the Liber de Statu Prisci
Orbis.
The three treatises were reprinted at London in 1787,
with a Latin preface, by Dr. Samuel Parr; in this preface,
Parr celebrates Burke, Fox, and Lord North as "the
three English luminaries in oratory and politics." The
"We find him to be a person whose arrogance, presumption, and idea was suggested by Bellenden's De Tribus Luminibus
contempt of others, are perfectly intolerable; who proceeds in a Romanorum, a piece originally intended to eulogize Cice-
rash and wild spirit of innovation, setting aside, on the authority ro, Seneca, and Pliny. Only the first part of this, that
of his own assertion, the decisions of the learned and wise, and relating to Cicero, appeared at Paris, 1634, folio, (one
hazarding statements of the most intrepid kind on the slenderest
foundations. His knowledge of the Hebrew consists in little more
copy, 1634;) Bellenden having died before he had time
than a common acquaintance with the meaning of the roots, and to arrange his papers relating to the other two. From
11
161
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BEL
this work Conyers Middleton is charged by Wharton, in
his Essay on Pope, (ii. p. 324,) to have taken the idea of
writing Cicero's history in his own words, and also to have
taken the whole arrangements adopted, without acknow-
ledgment, by himself.
Dr. Parr, in the preface referred to, repeats the same
charge. Of this piece Mr. Hallam remarks:
"The celebrated preface of the editor has had the effect of
eclipsing the original author; Parr was constantly read and talked
of; Bellenden never."
Mr. De Quincey hardly permits even Parr's Preface to
escape his wholesale castigation of the "Birmingham
Doctor."
"Not one work of Dr. Parr's is extant which can, without
laughter, assume that important name. The preface to Bellenden
is, after all, by much the weightiest and most regular composition,
and the least of a fugitive tract. Yet this is but a jeu d'esprit, or
classical prolusion. And we believe the case to be unexampled,
that upon so signder a basis, a man of the world, and reputed a
man of sense, should set up for an author. Well might the author
of the Pursuits of Literature (1797) demand-What has Dr. Parr
written? A sermon or two, rather long; a Latin preface to Bel-
lendenus, (rather long, too,) consisting of a cento of Latin and
Greek expressions applied to political subjects, &c."-Philosophical
Writers.
But Dr. Irving considers this celebrated Preface to be
worthy of high praise:
It is written in a style of elegant and powerful Latinity, but
is too much replenished with modern politics, and, in the opinion
of some readers. is not free from a considerable mixture of pe
dantry. It is, however, such a composition as no other English
man of that period could perhaps have produced.”—Encyc. Brit.
And why not? All extravagance, whether in praise or
censure, is pretty sure to be incorrect. The Preface gave
rise to several attacks; Remarks, &c., 1787; Animadver-
sions, &c., 1788; The Parriad, by Chapman, 1788; An
by Chapman, 1788; An
Epistle, &c.
Bellers, Fettiplace. Delineation of Universal Law;
being an abstract of an Essay towards deducing the ele-
ments of Universal Law, from the principles of knowledge
and nature of things, in five books. 1. Of Books in
general. 2. Of Private Law. 3. Of Criminal Law. 4.
Of the Law of Magistracy. 5. Of the Law of Nations,
Lon., 1740, 4to; 2d ed., 1754.
"This is a very curious production. It can hardly be called a
book, being merely a table of the contents of a proposed treatise,
and containing nothing but the heads of divisions under which
Bellers proposed to write a work on Universal Law. The author
spent twenty years in studying his subject and maturing his plan.
It is with a feeling of regret, mingled with something like re-
proach, that we find the labours of twenty years so wasted, and
reflect upon the great expenditure of time and diligence that has
been destitute of any useful result."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.
But are twenty years' intellectual entertainment, and
habits of mental discipline, and acquisition of useful
knowledge, to be counted for nothing? In 1759 Mr. Bel-
lers pub, a treatise, (in 4to,) The Ends of Society.
Bellers, Fulk. Funeral Sermon on J. Lamotte, Esq.,
Ald. of London, Lon., 1656, 4to, with portrait by Faith-
orne.
Bellers, John, a Political Economist; author of
Proposals for Raising a College of Industry for all useful
Trades and Husbandry, Lon., 1696, 4to. Essays about
the Poor, Manufactures, Trade, Plantation, and immoral-
ity, 1699, 4to. Some reasons for our European State,
Lon., 1710, 4to. An Essay towards the Improvement of
Physic, in Twelve Books, with an Essay for employing
the Poor, Lon., 1714, 4to. An Essay for Employing the
Poor to profit, Lon., 1723, 4to. An Epistle to W. Friends,
concerning the Prisons, and Sick in the Prisons and Hos-
pitals of Great Britain, Lon., 1724, 4to. Abstract of
Abstract of
George Fox's Advice and Warning to the Magistrates
concerning the Poor, Lon., 1724, 4to.
The philanthropic character of Mr. Bellers is indicated
by the subjects which engaged his pen. See Donaldson's
Agricult. Biog.
Bellew, Robt. 1. Trafalgar. 2. Irish Peasantry,
2. Irish Peasantry,
1308-08.
Bellewe, Richard. Legal Compilations, etc., 1585,
&c. Les Ans du Roy Richard le Second, Lon., 1585,
8vo.
This book forms a substitute for the year book of
that reign, which is wholly omitted.
Bellinger, Charles. Thanksgiving after Rebellion;
a Sermon on Ps. lxxv. 1, 1746, 8vo.
Bellinger, F. A Medical Work, Lon., 1717, 8vo.
Bellingham, O'B. On Ancurism, and its Treat-
ment by Compression, Lon., 12mo.
In our opinion, he has conferred a signal benefit upon the art
of surgery, by his improvement of the mode of employing pres-
sure, and upon the science by his ingenious and philosophical ex-
position of its operation."-Lon. Medico-Chirur. Review,
Bellington, Thomas. Sermon, 1718, 8vo.
Bellon, Peter. Mock Duellist, Lon., 1675, 4to, &o
Irish Spaw, &c., Dub., 1684, Svo.
Belmeis, or Beaumes, Richard de, I., Bishop
of London, consecrated 1108, is said by Tanner to have
written a treatise in verse, addressed to Henry I. The
MS. was in the Monastery of Peterborough.
Belmeis, or Beaumes, Richard de, II., Bishop
of London, consecrated in 1151, is mentioned by Robert
Gale as the author of Codex Niger, or Black Book of the
Exchequer.
Belmeys, John, Joannes Eboracensis, or John of
York, of the 12th century. is said by Bale and Pits to
have written 32 Letters to Thomas Becket, An Invective
against the same, and certain Elegant Orations; Leland
mentions Aurea Joannis Eboracensis Historia, but is un-
certain whether this John of York is the same with our
author. Indeed, Leland "could not find any thing cer-
tainly written" by Belmeys.
Beloe, Rev. William, 1756-1817, was the son of a
tradesman of Norwich. After spending some time under
the care of the celebrated Dr. Parr at Stanmore, he en-
tered Bene't or Corpus Christi, College, Cambridge, where
he took the degree of B.A. in 1779. Removing to Lon-
don, in conjunction with Mr. Nares, he established the
British Critic, as an organ of what are styled high-church,
i. e. loyal and conservative, principles, in opposition to
the dangerous dogmas of the sympathizers with the
French Revolution. In 1796 he was presented to the rec-
tory of Allhallows, London-wall. In 1797 Bishop Pretty-
man collated him to a stall in Lincoln Cathedral; and in
1805 Bishop Porteus to one in St. Paul's. In 1804 ho
was appointed one of the assistant librarians to the Bri-
tish Museum.
tish Museum. Mr. Beloc's publications are the following:
An Ode to Miss Boscawen, 4to, 1783. Trans. of the Rapo
of Helen, with notes, 4to, 1786. Poems and Translations,
Svo, 1788. The History of Herodotus, from the Greek,
with notes, 4 vols. Svo, 1799. Trans. of Alciphron's
Epistles, 1791. Trans. of the Attic Nights of Aulus Gel-
lius, 1795.
"An excellent and the only translation of a difficult and in-
structive author."-HARWOOD.
"The Commonplace Book of an elegant scholar, and the mest
amusing miscellany of antiquity, containing anecdotes and argu-
ments, scraps of history, pieces of poetry, and dissertations on
various points in philosophy, geometry, and grammar-all just
as noted down at Athens, in the 2d century after Christ.”
Miscellanies, 3 vols. 12mo, 1795. Trans. of the Ara-
bian Nights' Entertainments, from the French, 4 vols.
12mo. Joseph, from the French of M. Bitaubé, 2 vols.
12mo. A Fast Sermon, 1804. Anecdotes of Literature
and Scarce Books, 6 vols. Svo, pub. 1806–12. Brief Me-
moirs of the Leaders of the French Revolution. Mr.
Beloe was one of the authors of the Biographical Dic-
tionary, 15 vols. 8vo, in which he was assisted by Messrs.
Tooke, Morrison, and Nares. He also contributed several
articles to the Gentleman's Magazine, and many to the
British Critic, of which he was the editor. After the de-
ccase of Mr. Beloe appeared The Sexagenarian, or the
Memoirs of a Literary Life, 2 vols. 8vo, 1817, written by
Mr. B., and edited by a friend. This work contains many
amusing anecdotes of the author's literary contemporaries,
and the freedom of his strictures is remarkable. Mr.
Lowndes condemns it in no measured terms:
"These volumes for presumption, mis-statement, and malignity
have rarely been exceeded, or even equalled.”
In the next year, 1818, a 2d edit. appeared, in which
many passages of the 1st were omitted. Mr. B.'s trans.
of Herodotus has been commended by M. Larcher, whose
knowledge of the original will hardly be disputed. Beloe
drew both from this author's researches, and from the late
discoveries in Africa. Classical critics are too apt to de-
spise modern illustrations of ancient lore.
"A very valuable and elaborate performance. The language of
the translation is smooth and elegant; nor will any but the fasti-
dious critic, who is often condemned to the drudgery of weighing
words and measuring sentences, complain that it is not sufficiently
literal. We must, however, remark that, though in general de
serving of the highest praise, we think that Mr. B. has been more
diffuse and paraphrastical than was necessary; but this is a tri-
fling defect, and let it be remembered, that no translation can be
close, and, at the same time, elegant. In publishing this edition
of Herodotus. it is easy to perceive that the translator has spared
no labour. His work is enriched with a variety of learned and
amusing notes. Wesseling and Larcher, indeed, supplied him
with much useful information and critical sagacity, but a great
many facts, anecdotes, parallels, and illustrations, have been dili
gently collected from ancient writers, modern travels, &c. The
work, therefore, if we mistake not. will be found very complete,
and will prove a treasure of historical knowledge to readers of
every description.”—Analytical Review.
"The translation is held in very great esteem, and is justly
considered the best we have of this important historian, and very
162
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highly creditable to the talents of Mr. Beloe, though, as a trans-
lator, he too frequently loses sight of his author: it is illustrated
with some very excellent selections of notes, which are partly ori-
ginal and partly taken from the writings of Major Rennell, the
notes of Larcher, and other valuable publications."-Moss's Classi-
cul Bibliography.
Belsham uses great freedom with the readings of the original text,
and still greater with the principles of enlightened interpretation.
He shows rather what the New Testament should be in the opinion
of a Socinian, than what it really is. The work is full of erroneous
doctrines, incorrect learning, affected candour, and forced interpre-
tation."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Belsham pub, some other works. The Memoirs of our
author with correspondence, &c., was pub, Lon., 1833, 8vo,
by John Williams.
|
The Anecdotes of Literature and Scarce Books is a
very valuable store-house of Bibliographical matter. It
has now itself become a "Scarce Book," and the Biblio-
grapher should not fail to secure a copy when the chance
occurs which is seldom. The Anecdotes had the great
The Anecdotes had the great
advantage of the careful revision and corrections of that
eminent judge of books, the Bishop of Ely, who died be-
fore the 6th volume was published. The libraries and the
literary aid of the Marquis of Stafford, the Bishop of
Rochester, Mr. Barnard, Mr. Douce, Mr. John Kemble,
Mr. Malone, Mr. Chalmers, Mr. Watt, and Mr. Nares,
were placed at the service of Mr. Beloe whilst engaged in
the preparation of this work.
"A work replete with entertainment and instruction."-Lon.
Gent. May.
"A work containing much bibliographical information, and ex-
tracts from curious works."-LowNDES.
Mr. Beloe lost his situation at the British Museum in
consequence of the thieving propensities of a wretch whom
he had permitted to examine some of the books and draw-
ings belonging to the library. See his account of this
unfortunate affair in Preface to the Anecdotes. (Copied
in Gent's. Mag., 1817, Part i.) We extract a few lines:
“A man was introduced at the Museum, with the sanction of
the most respectable recommendation. I mention not his name
-the wounds of his own conscience must be so severe a punish-
ment that I shall not increase his sufferings... He proved to be
dishonest; he purloined valuable property which was in my cus-
tody, and it was thought that the good government of the insti-
tution required my dismissal."
Belsham, James. Canadin, Lon., 1760, 4to.
Belsham, Thomas, 1750–1829, the son of a dissent-
ing minister at Bedford, embraced in 1789 the Unitarian
opinions of Dr. Priestley, whom he succeeded as minister
at Hackney when Priestley removed to America. The
Unitarian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge and
the Practice of Virtue was founded at the suggestion of
Mr. Belsham. Mr. B. pub. many occasional sermons.
number of his Discourses Doctrinal and Practical were
pub. in 2 vols.; also Discourses on the Evidence of the
Christian Religion; Elements of Logic and Mental Philo-
sophy; A Calm Review of the Scripture Doctrine con-
cerning the Person of Christ, including a brief Review of
the Controversy between Dr. Horsley and Dr. Priestley,
Lon., 1811, Svo; Memoirs of the late T. Lindsey, &c.,
Lon., 1812. Svo; A Review of American Unitarianism, &c.,
2d edit., 1815, 8vo; A Review of Mr. Wilberforce's Trea-
tise; this work was noticed by Rev. Andrew Fuller, and
in the Appendix to Dr. Magee's Discourses on the Atone-
ment; Letters to the Bishop of London, in Vindication of
the Unitarians, Lon., 1815, Svo.
"Mr. Belsham seems to be as deeply infected as any man with
the itch for writing. Seldom a year passes without his sending
forth two or three treatises. What degree of circulation these
may obtain among his partizans, we have no means of knowing:
but certainly, as to the public at large, they fall nearly still-born
from the press. . . . He has shewn, as is customary with him, some
adroitness in misunderstanding and perverting expressions."-
Lon. Quarterly Review.
"We congratulate the public on the completion of Mr. Belsham's
IIistory, the only one of the period which deserves to be cherished
and read among friends of civil liberty, and of the free principles
of the Constitution. The style is clear and nervous, without dog-
matism, and eloquent without infammation; while the spirit is
temperate, and the details unimpeachable in veracity and impar-
tiality."-Lon. Monthly Mag.
Belsham's History has been honoured by the commen-
Adation, qualified, indeed, of no less an authority than Pro-
fessor Smyth:
Mr. B. had an important share in the New Testament
in an Improved Version, upon the basis of Abp. Newcome's
New Translation, with Notes Critical and Explanatory,
Lon., 1808, Svo.
"It pretends to be placed upon the basis of Abp. Newcome's,
by which it is basely insinuated that the primate was a Socinian.
Nothing can be more false. Abp. Newcome's translation is strictly
orthodox on all the great points relating to the divinity and atone-
ment of Christ.”—LowNDES.
C
Evidently prepared by persons without sufficient scholarship
for any real improvement."-Rose's Biog. Dict.
"It mangles and misrepresents the original text, perverts the
meaning of its most important terms, and explains away all that
is valuable in the doctrinal system of Christianity."―ORME.
The Improved Version was also reviewed by Archbp.
Lawrence, Dr. Nares, Rev. T. Rennell, Chas. Danberry,
John Bevan, and Robert Halley. See Lowndes's Brit.
Librarian, p. 219.
The Epistles of Paul the Apostle translated; with an
Exposition and Notes, 1822, 4 vols. 8vo.
•
This is one of the most elaborate performances on the Bible
which for many years have issued from the Unitarian press. Mr.
Belsham has been long known as one of the chief leaders of that
party in England, and as one of the principal authors of the Im-
proved Version of the New Testament. The translation of the
Epistles of Paul is constructed on the visionary scheme of inter-
pretation of Dr. Taylor of Norwich. The tendency of the work is
to subvert all those sentiments respecting sin which are calcu-
Isted to affect the mind with pain, and those views of the Deity
and atonement of Christ which are fitted to afford relief. Mr.
Belsham, William, 1753-1827, younger brother of
the preceding, was author of a number of historical and
political treatises. Essays, philosophical,
Essays, philosophical, historical, and
literary, Lon., 1789–91, 2 vols. 8vo, several editions.
"On the whole, our general idea of these Essays is. that they
discover more extent and variety. than depth. of thinking: bựt
that the good sense and liberal spirit with which they are written,
may render them useful to young persons, in assisting them to
form a habit of inquiry and reflection."-Lon. Monthly Review.
Observations on the Test Laws, 1791, Svo.
"We are fully convinced, with Mr. Belsham, that the Test Laws
are not calculated for any purpose of safety, nor of defence, but
merely for that of irritation.”—Ibid.
Historic Memoir on the French Revolution, 1791, Svo.
"It gives a concise and judicious summary of the leading causes
which produced, of the interesting events which accompanied, and
of the principal regulations which followed. the revolution."—Ibid.
In 1793 he pub. Memoirs of the Kings of Great Britain
of the House of Brunswick, Lunenburg, 2 vols. 8vo. In
1795 appeared his Memoirs of the Reign of George III.,
to the Session of Parliament ending 1793, 4 vols. 8vo, 5th
and 6th vols., 1801. In 1798 was pub. his History of Great
Britain, from the Revolution to the Accession of the House
of Hanover, 2 vols. Svo. These works were incorporated
under the title of History of Great Britain, from the Re-
volution in 1688 to the Conclusion of the Treaty of Amiens,
1802, 12 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1806.
"Belsham will, I think, in like manner be found. for a consider-
able part of his work, very valuable, spirited, intelligent, an ar
dent friend to civil and religious liberty, and though apparently a
Dissenter, not a Sectarian. In his latter volumes, indeed, from
the breaking out of the late French war in 1793, he has departed
from the equanimity of an historian, and has degenerated into the
warmth, and almost the rage, of a party writer. . . . I must ob-
serve, that a very good idea may be formed of the general subjects
connected with this period, freign of Anne,) and of the original
memoirs and documents which should be referred to, by reading
the Appendix to Belsham's History: it is very well drawn up.
A good general idea may be formed of this crisis [union of England
and Scotland] from the History of Belsham. ... I would recom-
mend to my readers to take the modern publication of Belsham (in
studying the political life of Sir Robert Walpole] and to read it in
conjunction with Coxe; then to refer occasionally to the two vo.
lumes of the correspondence of Coxe; and to refer continually to
the Parliamentary debates. which may be read in Cobbett.
The History of Belsham is a work, as I have already mentioned,
of more merit than would at first sight be supposed. But in the
year 1793, after the breaking out of the French war, it loses the
character of history, and becomes little more than a political pani-
phlet; and through the whole of the reign of his present Majesty
(George III.] it is so written, that it must be considered as a state-
ment, whether just or not, but certainly only as a statement, on one
side of the question, and must therefore, at all events, be compared
with the statement on the other side, that is, with the History of
Adolphus... These bistories [with reference to the American war]
are drawn up on very different principles:-Belsham conceiving that
the Americans were right in their resistance: Adolphus thinking,
certainly wishing his readers to think, that they were entirely
wrong: the one written on what are called Whig, the other on
Tory, principles of government. The one is, I conceive, sometimes
too indulgent to the Congress; the other always so to the Eng ish
ministry. Belsham, I consider as by far the most reasonable of
the two in every thing that is laid down respecting the Ameriven
War."-Lectures on Modern History.
•
Belson, Eliz. Nelson's Fasts, &c., abridg., Lca,
1810, Svo.
Belt, Robert. Legal works, Lon., 1810, &c.
Beltz, George. Chandos Peerage Case, Lon., 1834,8vo.
Belward, John. Sermon, 1774. Svo.
Belzoni, John Baptist, b. about 1780, d. 1823, a
native of Padua, in Italy, came to England in 1803. From
1815 to 1819, he was zealously engaged in exploring the
antiquities of Egypt. He died of dysentery at Benin on
his way to Houssa and Timbuctoo. For an interesting
sketch of his life, see The Georgian Era, iii. 62. Narra-
tive of the Operations and recent Discoveries within tho
Pyramids, Temples, Tombs, and Excavations in Egypt and
Nubia, Lon., 1820, 4to; 1821, 4to; and 3d edit., 1822, 2
vols. 8vo.
163
BEM
BEN
3
"Whoever has read this book (and who has not?) will agree
with us in opinion that its interest is derived, not less from the
manner in which it is written, the personal adventures, and the
picture it exhibits of the author's character, than for its splendid
and popular antiquarian researches."-STEVENSON.
The credit of Belzoni's discoveries was often stolen from
him by others. Read the excellent Address to the Mummy
in Belzoni's Exhibition, by Horace Smith.
"Belzoni's Narrative is written in a pure and unostentatious
style, and in a tone which occasionally approaches to the poetic
and sublime.”
Bembridge, Dr. Protestant's Reconciliation, 1687.
Benbrigge, John. Sermon, Lon., 1645, 4to.
Bendish, Sir Thomas. Relation of his Embassy
to Turkey, Lon., 1648, 4to.
Bendloe, or Benloe, Wm. Legal Reports, 1661,
&c. See Bridgman's Legal Bibl.; Marvin's do.; Wal-
'ace's Reporters.
Bendlowes, or Benlowes, Edward, 1602-1676,
a native of Essex, was a Fellow-commoner of St. John's
College, Cambridge. He was of too easy a nature for his
own welfare, and impoverished himself by lavishing his
favours on others. He patronized among others, Quarles,
Davenant, Payne, and Fisher. John Jenkyns was one of
his favourites:
"He was much patronized by Edward Beulowes. Esq., who hav-
ing written a most divine poem entitled Theophila, or Love's Sa-
crifice, printed at London, 1652, several parts thereof had airs set
to them by this incomparable Jenkyns.... Mr. Benlowes in bis
younger days was a Papist, or at least very Popishly affected, and
in his elder years a bitter enemy to that party.”—Athen. Oxon.
Mr. Bendlowes wrote a number of other pieces both in
Latin and in English, among which are, Sphinx Theolo-
gica, Camb., 1626, Svo. A Summary of Divine Wisdom,
Lon., 1657, 4to. A glance at the glories of Sacred Friend-
ship, Lon.,1657. Oxonii Encomium, Oxon., 1672, fol. Oxo-
nii Elogia, Oxon., 1673. Oxonii Elegia. Truth's Touch
Stone; dedicated to his niece, Mrs. Philippa Blount.
"A whole canto of Theophila, consisting of above 300 verses,
was turned into elegant Latin verse in the space of one day by that
great prodigy of early parts, John Hall of Durham, having had
his tender affections ravished with that divine piece."-Athen. Oxon.
Both Pope and Warburton are very severe in their criti-
cisms upon our author. The first tells us that
"Bendlowes, propitious to blockheads, bows."
"Bendlowes was famous for his own bad poetry, and for patron-
izing bad poets."-WARBURTON.
"Theophila gives us a higher idea of his piety than his poetical
talents; though there are many uncommon and excellent thoughts
in it. This prayer has been deservedly admired."-GRANGER.
A complete copy of Theophila is very rare.
the Nassau sale, (pt. i. 437,) said to be the most perfect
known, sold for no less than £26 58.
The one in
Benedict, Biscop, 629?-690, an Anglo-Saxon monk,
was distinguished for his zeal in the encouragement of
letters and such arts as were then known. He is said to
have brought many books, pictures, &c. home with him
from Rome. Leland ascribes to him Concordantia Regu-
larum, a commendation of the Rules of St. Benedict, the
founder of the Benedictines.
Benedict, a monk of St. Peter's, at Gloucester, wrote
about 1130? a Life of St. Dubricuis.- Wharton's Anglia
Sucra.
Benedict of Peterborough, d. 1193, was educated
at Oxford. He was keeper of the great seal from 1191 to
1193. He wrote a Life of Becket, and De Vita et Gestis
Henrici II. et Richardi I. This history was pub. by Tho-
mas Hearne, Oxford, 1735, 2 vols. 8vo. Other pieces.
Benedict of Norwich, d. 1340, was author of Alpha.
betum Aristotelis, &c.
Benedict, David, D.D.,b. about 1780; settled in the
ministry in early life. In 1813, pub. Gen. Hist. of the Baptist
Denomination in America and other parts of the world, 2
vols. 8vo; new ed., enlarged and chiefly rewritten, N. York,
1848, r. 8vo. This work is highly esteemed by the Baptists
of the U. States, and has met with much success. History
of all Religions, 1824, 12mo.
Benedict, Erastus D., b. 1800, in Connecticut, grad.
at Williams Coll., 1821. Prominent member and Presi-
dent of the Board of Education of City of N. Y., 1850-
54. Presbyterianism, a Review, 1838.
Review, 1838. A Distinguished
Educational writer.
Benedict, Joel, of Connecticut. Sermon on the
death of Dr. Hart, 1809.
Benedict, Noah, of Connecticut. Sermon on the
death of Dr. Bellamy, 1790.
·
Benefield, Sebastian, 1559-1630, was a native of
Prestonbury in Gloucestershire. He was admitted a scholar
of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, when 17 years of age,
took his D.D. in 1608, and in 1613 was chosen Margaret
professor of divinity. He is styled by Leach "a down-
1
right and doctrinal Calvinist." His principal publications
are, Eight Sermons, Oxf, 1614, 4to. Twelve sermons upon
A Commentary
the 10th chap. Hebrews, Oxf., 1615, 4to.
upon 1st chap. of Amos, in 21 Sermons, Oxf., 1613, 4to.
Trans. in Latin by Henry Jackson of Corpus Christi Col-
lege, and printed at Oppenheim in 1615, Svo. A Com-
mentary on the 2d chap. of Amos, in 21 Sermons, Lon.,
1720, 4to. A Commentary on the 3d chap. of Amos, Lon.,
1629, 4to.
"He was a person for piety, strictness of life, and sincere con-
versation, incomparable. He was also so noted an humanitarian,
disputant, and theologist, that he had scarce his equal in the uni
versity."-Athen. Oxon.
Benese, Sir Richard de. Boke of Measurynge of
Lande, Lon., 1535-38, and an edition sine anno.
Benet, B., alias W. Fitch. Rule of Perfection, re-
ducing the whole Spiritual Life to this one point, the Will
of God, 1609, 8vo.
Benet, Gilbert. Sermons, 1746-54, Svo.
Benezet, Anthony, 1713-1784. This good man, a
native of St. Quentin's, France, was a resident of England
and America from the age of two years; hence we give
him a place in our list. He pub. several works, princi-
pally tracts, upon the topics which enlisted his philanthro-
pic feelings. A Caution to Great Britain and her Colonies,
relative to enslaved Negroes in the Brit. Dominions, 1767,
Svo. Some Historical Account of Guinea, with an enquiry
into the rise and progress of the Slave Trade, its nature,
and lamentable effects, Lon., 1772, Svo. A Short Account
of the Religious Society of Friends, [of which sect Mr. B.
was an exemplary member,] 1780.
"The writings of this distinguished philanthropist first awak.
ened the attention of Clarkson and Wilberforce to the subject of
the Slave Trade:-"
So true is it that
"Words are things; and a small drop of ink,
Falling, like dew, upon a thought, produces
That which makes thousands, perhaps millions, think."
BYRON.
Benger, Elizabeth Ogilvy, 1778–1827, a native of
Wells in England, evinced a strong literary taste under
many discouragements.
many discouragements. At the age of 13 she pub. The
Female Geniad; a Poem, Lon., 1791, 4to. The Abolition
of the Slave Trade, a Poem, was pub. 1809, 4to. The
Heart and the Fancy; or Valsenore; a Tale, 1813, 2 vols.
12mo. Klopstock and his Friends, 1814, 2 vols. 12mo.
Memoirs, etc., of Mrs. Eliz. Hamilton, 1818, 2 vols. Me-
moirs of Mary, Queen of Scots, &c., 1822, Svo, 2 vols.
"Taken principally from Chalmers's Life of this unfortunate
Princess."
Memoirs of Elizabeth Stuart, 1825, 2 vols. p. Svo. She
also pub. A Life of Anne Boleyn, and Memoirs of John
Tobin.
"Her historical memoirs are of no value.”—LOWNDEs.
"Works of the kind before us [Memoirs of Mrs. Eliz. Hamilton]
are excellently fitted to supply the defects in history, where a lead-
ing personage may not have his proper share of distinction, and
the result be much the same as spoiling a drama by curtailing the
acts and speeches of the principal character."-Lon. Gent. Mag.
Benham, David. Genealogy of Christ, Lon., 1836,4to.
Benham, Thomas. Medical Works, Lon., 1620?-30.
Benjamin, Park, was born 1809, at Demerara, in
British Guiana, where his father, a merchant from New
England, resided for some years. In 1825 he entered
Harvard College, which he left before the end of the second
When restored to
year in consequence of bad health.
health, he entered Washington College, Hartford, where
he graduated with the highest honours of his class in
1829. In 1830 he became a member of the Law School at
Cambridge, and in 1833 was admitted to the Connecticut
bar, and upon his removal to Boston soon after, to the
courts of Massachusetts. He has been connected edi-
torially with the American Monthly Magazine, The New
Yorker, &c. Mr. Benjamin has given many pieces both
in prose and verse to the world. With the exception of A
Poem on the Contemplation of Nature, read at the time of
his taking his degree, Poetry; A Satire, 1813, and Infatu-
ation; A Satire, 1845, his productions are very short.
lignity or licentiousness. In some of his shorter poems, Mr. Ben-
"Mr. Benjamin's Satires are lively, pointed, and free from ma-
jamin has shown a quick perception of the ridiculous; in others,
warm affections and a meditative spirit; and in more, gayety.
His poems are adorned with apposite and pretty fancies, and seem
generally to be expressive of actual feelings. Some of his hu
mourous pieces, as the Sonnet entitled Sport, are happily ex-
pressed, but his style is generally more like that of an impro-
visator than an artist. He rarely maker use of the burnisher."-
GRISWOLD: Poets and Poetry of America.
We refer the reader to The Nautilus, The Tired Hunter,
To One Beloved, and The Departed, as poems of exquisite
beauty.
We think, to quote the remark of George III. to Dr.
164
BEN
BEN
Jolinson, that one who writes so well should write more,
and favour the world with something of more imposing
pretension in the way of volume. Whether it be that the
unhappy Joel Barlow's prodigious Columbiad has fright-
ened all succeeding American poets, and deterred them
from venturing more than a few stanzas at a time, certain
it is that they have a curious fashion of "cutting" up
their geins "into little stars."
Benjoin, George. Jonah, trans. from the original,
&c., Lon., 1796, 4to.
"In little estimation."-LOWNDES.
"This is not a work of great value, as the reader will believe.
when he is told that the author attempts to convince the world
that the present original text is in its primary perfection.' The
attempt and the translation are equally a failure for any important
purpose."-ORME
See Brit. Crit., vol. x. The Integrity and Excellence of
Scripture, &c., 1797, 8vo.
Benlowe. Elements of Armories, Lon., 1610, 4to.
Benlowes. See BENDlowes.
Benn, William, 1600–1680, a Nonconformist
man, was educated at Queen's College, Oxford. Answer
to Fraz. Bampfield, Lon., 1672, 8vo. Sermons on the
Soul's Prosperity, 1683, 8vo.
"In the course of his ministry he expounded the Scripture all
over, and half over again, having had an excellent faculty in the
clear and solid interpreting of it."-Wood.
Bennet, A. Experiments on Electricity, &c., Lon.,
1789, 8vo.
1
Bennet, Henry, Earl of Arlington, 1618-1685. Let
ters to Sir Wm. Temple, 1665-70, Lon., 1701, 2 vols. 8vo.
Bennet, Hon. Henry Grey. Letter to the Com
mon Council of London, 1818. Con. to Trans. Geol. Soc..
1811, '14.
Bennet, James. Star of the West, Lon., 1813, 12mo.
In conjunction with David Bogue, History of the Dissent
ers, 1689-1808, 3 vols. 8vo, 1809; 1812 in 4 vols., and
since in 2 vols.
"A bias in favour of Dissenters, and bitter against Churchmen.'
-BICKERSTETH.
Bennet, James, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1787.
Bennet, John. Madrigalls to fovre Voyces, Lon., 1599.
Bennet, John. Essay on Trade, &c., Lon., 1736, 8vo.
Bennet, John. Poems, 1774, Svo.
"This collection is the fruit of five years of assiduous labor and
clergy-research in the libraries of France, Germany, and Switzerland, and
will contain about 500 letters which have never before been pub
lished. The editor has spared no pains in rendering as complete
as possible a collection which cannot fail to cast a flood of light
upon the great religious revolution of the sixteenth century.”
Bennet, Philip. Sermons, 1745, '49, 8vo.
Bennet, R. Sermons, 1769, '76, Svo.
Bennet, Robert, d. 1687, a Nonconformist divine,
pub. A Theological Concordance of the Synonymous Words
in Scripture, 1657, Svo.
• An excellent work."
Bennet, A. Jesus, the Son of Joseph. A Sermon,
1807, 8vo.
Bennet, Mrs. A. M., d. 1808, authoress of a number
of Novels, &c., pub. 1785-1816. Agnes De Courci, a Do-
mestic Tale, 4 vols., 1797, Svo.
Bennet, Sol. The Constancy of Israel, Lon., 1809, Svo.
Bennet, T., M.D. Essay on the Gout, Lon., 1734, 8vo.
Bennet, Thomas, 1673-1728, an eminent divine of
the Church of England, was admitted to St. John's Col-
lege, Cambridge, in 1688. He pub. many theological
works, 1700-26, upon the sacraments, schism, liturgies,
and against Roman Catholic and Quaker doctrines. We
"As a well-wrought story, it is entitled to particular regard.
The inventive faculty of the authoress is not to be disputed: but
character, that great, that almost indispensable, requisite in all,
such performances as the present, is seldom to be found in it."—
Lom. Monthly Review.
Bennet, Benjamin, 1674–1726, an eminent Presby-give the titles of a few of his works. Discourses on Schism,
terian minister, pub. among other works, A Memorial of showing that schism is a damnable sin, &c., Lon., 1700,
Svo. A Confutation of Popery, in three parts, Camb.,
the Reformation, Lon., 1717, Svo, and a Defence of the
same, 1723, 8vo. This work gives the views of the author 1701, 8vo. A Confutation of Quakerism, Camb., 1705, Svo.
A Brief History of the joint use of precomposed set Forms
upon The Reformation and Church History of England to
of Prayer, Camb., 1708, Svo. This work excited consider-
the year 1719. Irenicum; a work on the Trinity, Lon.,
able controversy, in which Benj. Robinson and T. Bowlett
1722, Svo. This work produced a great sensation, and its
took part. A Paraphrase with Annotations upon the Book
influence was considerable.
of Common Prayer, &c., Lon.. 1708, Sro. Essay on the
played, 2 vols. Svo, 1728. Many editions. It was abridged 39 Articles, with a Prefatory Epistle to Anthony Collins,
Esq., Lon. 1718, Svo. Collins had pub. in 1710, a tract
by Mr. Palmer in 1 vol. Svo.
entitled Priesteraft in Perfection, respecting the 20th Ar-
tiele of the Church of England. It appeared in 1724 with
additions, as an Essay on the 39 Articles.
Christian Oratory, or The Devotions of the Closet dis-
"A very spiritual and devotional work, that may be read more
than once with advantage."-BICKERSTETH.
"Plain, serious, and practical, but sometimes flat, his Christian
Oratory is almost his only piece which had been better if some of
the instances had been avoided, and the plan more fully completed
in a single volume."-Doddridge.
"The title would mislead us as to the nature of the contents,
the word oratory being used in the sense of a place for meditation
and prayer."
Fourteen Sermons on the Inspiration of the Holy Scrip-
tures, 1730, Svo.
“This book should have a distinguished place in the library of
every theological student, for few books of its size contain a more
abundant treasure of divine doctrine."-Bogue.
Bennet, John. Theolog. and other works, 1780-87.
Bennet, Jules. The Letters of John Calvin, com-
piled from the Original Manuscripts, with an Introduction
and Historical Notes, 4 vols. 8vo.
Bennet, Christopher, 1617-1655, an English phy-
sician, was educated at Lincoln College. Oxford. He cor-
rected and enlarged Dr. Moufet's Health Improvement,
Lon., 1655, 4to, and pub. a medical treatise in Latin, under
the name of Benedictus, entitled Theatri Tabidorum Vesti-
bulum seu Excercitationes Dianoeticæ, &c., Lon., 1654,
4to. He left several Latin works in manuscript.
Bennet, George, at one time a Dissenting minister,
subsequently in the Church of Scotland. He pub. a work
He pub. a work
against "a pretence of Reform," Lon., 1796, Svo; also
Olam Haneshemoth, or a View of the Intermediate State,
as it appears in the Records of the Old and New Testa-
ments, the Apocryphal Books, in Heathen Authors, the
Greek and Latin Fathers, Lon., 1801, Svo.
Bennet, H. Treasury of Wit; being a methodical
Selection of about twelve hundred, of the best, Apophthegms
and Jests from Books in several Languages, 2 vols. 12mo,
Lon., 1786.
Bennet, Henry. Trans. of a Life of Luther, &c.,
Lon., 1561, Svo.
“Dr. Bennet was perhaps too ready to engage in the debates of
his time upon questions of divinity, which led him sometimes into
difficulties, obliged him to have recourse to distinctions and refine-
ments which would not always bear examination, and laid him
open to the attacks of his adversaries."-Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Bennet, or Bennett, Thomas. 12 Lectures on
the Apostles' Creed, Lon., 1755, 8vo.
Bennet, W. H. Court of Chancery, Lon., 1834, Svo.
Bennet, William. On the Teeth, &c., Lon.,1778.12mo.
Bennet, William. Theolog. Works, 1780-1813.
Novelist. Bandits of the Osage; Ella Barnwell; Mike
Bennett, Emerson, b. 1822 in Mass., an American
Fink; Kate Clarendon; Forged Will; Prairie Flower;
Leni Leoti; Forest Rose; League of the Miami; Clara
Morland, &c.
Mr. Bennett is a novelist of undoubted ability."-T. S. ARTHUR.
Bennett, G. J. Albanians and other Poems, Svo. Pe-
destrian's Guide through North Wales, 1837, Lon., 1838,8vo.
"This is a beautiful work—as delightful a one as we have met
with for many years. It abounds with sketches, admirably exe-
cuted, of many of those charming vales and mountains in the
beautiful country of which it treats, and affords us, also. spect
mens of the national airs of Wales, giving us the music of them
as well as the words. It is a book of travels, written with a poet's
love of nature, and a humorist's cheerfulness.”—Court Journal.
Bennett, James. Theolog. Works, 1828-46.
Bennett, John Hughes, Prof. of Clinical Med
University of Edinburgh. Ou Cancerous and Cancroid
Growths, Lon., Sro. Diseases of the Uterus, Svo.
Liver Oil in Gout, &c., Svo. Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
“His whole volume is so replete with valuable matter, that wa
feel bound to recommend our readers, one and all, to peruse it."—
Lon. Lancet.
Coo
"It is a work of various erudition and deep research. And a
reader must be very learned who finds not much in it to instruct
him: very dull, if he is not delighted with the ingenuity that is
displayed even in those parts in which he may see reason to doubt
the solidity of the author's argument, and the truth of his inter-
pretations; and very captious, if, in a variety of novel expositions,
many of which he may think inadmissible, he finds any thing to
give him offence.”—BISHOP HORSLEY.
I
Also commended by Orme.
}
Leucocythenia, or White-Cell Blood, Svo. Lectures on
Clinical Medicine, Svo.
Bennett, Wm. J. E. Theolog. Works, 1838-52.
Bennion, John. Sermon, Oxon., 1681, 4to.
Benoit, or Benedict, De Sainte Maur, whe
flourished about 1180, was a troubadour, patronized by
Henry II., by whose direction, according to Robert Wace,
165
BEN
BEN
be composed his metrical history of the Dukes of Nor-
mandy. This chronicle, which extends to thirty thou-
sand lines,
**
Begins with a brief sketch of the cosmographical doctrines of
the age, which leads to the account of the origin of the Normans
and their first piratical voyages, and the history is continued to
the death of Henry I. The larger portion is a mere paraphrase of
the Latin histories by Dudo of St. Quentin's, and William of Ju-
mièges, with some slight additions of matter not found in those
authorities; but it is inferior as a historical document and as a
literary composition to the similar work of Wace, which appears
from the first to have enjoyed a greater degree of popularity.”
Wright.
This old French poem is full of fabulous and romantic mat-
ter.”— Wurton's History of English Poetry.
But it has been remarked that if we compare this author
with the Norman historians who preceded him, we shall
find his statements to be in accordance with theirs. The
Chronicle was pub. by Michel, Paris, 1836-38, and '44.
The MS. from which it was printed is preserved in the
Brit. Museum, Harleian Collection, No. 1717. There is
also a MS. in the library of Tours in France.
Benoit's other great poem, which probably preceded the
Chronicle, was his metrical romance of the History of
Troy. It is
"Chiefly a paraphrase of the supposititious history of the Phry-
gian Dares, with some additions from the similar work published
under the name of Dictys: but the Anglo-Norman trouvere, faith-
ful to the taste of his age, has turned the Grecian and Trojan heroes
into medieval knights and barons. . . . It contains nearly thirty
thousand lines. It is a heavy and dull poem, and possesses little
interest at the present day; although it abounds in those repeated
descriptions of warfare which constituted the great beauty of such
productions in the twelfth century.”—Wright.
There is a complete MS. of the Roman de Troye in the
Harleian Collection, No. 4482. A MS. is in the Library
of St. Mark at Venice, extracts from which are printed by
Keller, in his Romvart, p. 86.
These are the only works known to have been written
by Benoit. Tyrwhitt ascribes to him a Life of Becket, in
Anglo-Norman verse, but M. de la Rue and Mr. Wright
decide this to be the production of a later Benoit. M. de
la Rue believed him to be the author of a song on the
Crusade, at the end of the Harleian MS. containing his
chronicle. But the learned Mr. Thomas Wright proves
this opinion to be erroneous.
Bense, Peter. Anglo-diaphora Trium Linguarum
Gall., Ital., et Hispan; &c., Oxf., 1637, Svo.
Benson, Miss. 1. The Wife. 2. The Contrast, 1810-15.
Benson, Christopher, Preb. of Worcester. Chro-
nology of our Saviour's Life, &c., Camb., 1819, Svo. Hul-
sean Lectures for 1820. Twenty Discourses preached be-
fore the University of Cambridge, Camb., 1820, 8vo. Of
these much-esteemed discourses many editions have been
published. Hulsean Lectures for 1822. On Scripture Dif-
ficulties; Twenty Discourses, Camb., 1822, Svo, 2d ed., 1825.
"The proofs and duties of Christianity have been enforced by
Mr. Benson with a power, an earnestness, and an unction, which
they who heard the preacher will be thankful for while they live;
and which in the perusal must to every healthful mind commu-
nicate satisfaction, profit, and delight; and may carry healing and
comfort to the diseased one.”—Lon. Quarterly Review.
Sermon, 1 Sam. xii. 24, 25, [Trinity House, Deptford,]
Lon., 1826, 4to. Discourses upon Tradition and Episco-
pacy, preached at the Temple Church, 2d ed., Lon., 1839,
Discourses upon the powers of the Clergy, Prayers
for the Dead, and the Lord's Supper, preached at the Tem-
ple Church, Lon., 1841, 8vo.
8vo.
Epistles, and, with Tierce's work, completes the design. Benson
possessed considerable learning, but no great portion of genius.
He was certainly inferior in taste and acumen to his two coadju
tors; but still his labours are entitled to respect. Some of his
essays, inserted in the commentaries, contain important informa-
tion on the points on which they treat. His theological sentiments
were Arian, verging to Socinian: on this account all his writings
require to be read with caution. His Paraphrase on James was
translated into Latin by J. D. Michaelis, and published with a pre-
face by Baumgarten, at Halle, in 1747. The preface highly extols
the labours of Locke, Pierce, and Benson, and mentions with re
spect many others of the British commentaries. To this Latin ver-
sion Michaelis has added many valuable notes of his own.”—Orme,
History of the First Planting of Christianity, taken from
the Acts of the Apostles and their Epistles, 1735, 2 vols.
4to; best edit. 1756, 3 vols. 4to.
one.
"Though this work does not profess to be a harmony of the Acts
of the Apostles and of the Epistles, it may justly be considered as
Besides illustrating the history of the Acts, throughout, and
most of the Epistles, by a view of the history of the times, the
occasions of the several Epistles, and the state of the churches to
which they were addressed, the learned author has incorporated a
paraphrastical abstract of these Epistles in the order of time when
they were written; and has also established the truth of the Chris-
tian religion on a number of facts, the most public, important, and
incontestable. It is, indeed, a most valuable help to the study of
the Epistles; but it is to be regretted that its scarcity renders it
accessible to few."-T. H. HORNE.
(6
"This work is a continuation of Locke's attempt to illustrate the
Though but a dull book, it is full of important matter, and is
of great service in explaining many parts of the book of Acts. It
displays very considerable research, a great portion of candour, and
an accurate acquaintance with the facts of the Jewish and Roman
history which relate to the Christians during the first age of Chris-
tianity."―ORME.
The Reasonableness of the Christian Religion, &c., Lon.,
1743, Svo, and 1746, 4to, and 3d ed., 1759, 2 vols. This is
an answer to Dodwell's pamphlet, Christianity not founded
in Argument, Lon., 1742, 8vo. Doddridge, Leland, Mole,
Cooksey, and others also answered Dodwell. Bishop Wat-
son remarks of Benson's reply:
"The author not only advances many arguments in proof of the
truth of the Christian Religion, but obviates in a familiar way the
chief objections of the Anti-revelationists."
The History of the Life of Jesus Christ, &c., 1764, 4to.
"In this work Dr. Benson discovers much attention to many
minute particulars in the history of Jesus, but the principles of
his creed prevented him from doing justice to his subject. The
work is divided into fifteen chapters, and is accompanied with an
appendix containing seven dissertations.”—ORME.
Congregational Magazine for July, 1833.
This work was left in an incomplete state. See Lon.
Benson, Joseph, 1748-1821, was a Methodist minis-
ter of considerable note. He edited a Commentary on the
Scriptures, embodying the views of many Biblical critics,
among whom John Wesley occupies a prominent place.
This work was pub. in 5 vols. 4to, Lon., 1811-18; several
subsequent editions.
(3
· An elaborate and very useful commentary on the sacred Scrip-
tures, which independently of its practical tendency) possesses
the merit of compressing into a comparatively small compass the
substance of what the piety and learning of former ages have ad-
vanced. in order to facilitate the study of the Bible. Its late
learned author was particularly distinguished for his critical and
exact acquaintance with the Greek Testament."-T. II. HORNE.
This commentary, particularly intended for family use,
thodist Conference. Mr. B. pub. Sermons, 1790, 91, '98,
was pub. under the direction and patronage of the Me-
1800, &c.
1800, &c. A Defence of the Methodists, 1793, 12mo.
farther Defence, &c., 1794, 12mo. A Vindication of the
Methodists, 1800, Svo. An Apology for the Methodists,
A
1801, 12mo.
"This publication is apparently written with much candour;
and it affords, notwithstanding the mysticism which there may be
among them. and which may appear in this book, a very favour
able view of those people whose cause it intends to plead. . . . The
work is well worthy of perusal.”—Lon. Monthly Review.
...
Benson, G. Oaths and Swearing. 1699, 4to.
Benson, George, D.D., 1699-1763, an English Dis-
senting minister of considerable learning, a native of Cum-
berland, England, studied at the University of Glasgow.
He was the author of a number of theological works, pub.
1725-64. We notice some of the principal. A Paraphrase
and Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul to the Thessalonians,
Timothy, Titus, and Philemon, and the seven Catholic
Epistles of Peter, James, and John, Lon., 1734, 4to; best
edit. 2 vols. 4to, 1752-56. This was preceded by a Speci-
men, being a Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistle to Phi-
lemon, 1731, 4to. The work is on the plan pursued by
John Locke, of making St. Paul his own expositor by illus-
trative references to various portions of his writings. It
has been highly commended.
“ Locke, Pierce, and Benson make up a complete commentary on
the Epistles; and are. indeed. all in the number of the most ingetheologian."-DR. ADAM CLARKE.
nious commentators I have ever read. They plainly thought very
closely, and attended much to connection, which they have often
set in a most clear view. But they all err in too great a fondness
for new interpretations. and in supposing the design of the apostles
less general than it seems to have been. It must be allowed that
Benson illustrates the spirit of Paul sometimes in an admirable
manner, even beyond any former writer. See especially his Epis-
tle to Philemon."-DR. DODDRIDGE.
Christ's Divinity. After Mr. B.'s decease there was pub.
Remarks on Dr. Priestley's System. A Vindication of
Sermons and Plans of Sermons on important Texts of Holy
Scripture, Lon., 1825-27, 8vo; 6 parts in 3 vols. 8vo; 262
Sermons and Plans of Sermons, 2 vols. Svo, 1831.
Sermons and Plans of Sermons, 3 vols. 8vo, 1831; 219
Sermons and Plans of Sermons, 2 vols. Svo, 1831.
writer: and while they serve as a valuable aid to the young Min-
"The Plans are highly creditable to the piety and talents of the
ister of the Gospel, are suited generally to instruct and improve,
to inform the understanding, and to affect the heart."—Christian
Observer.
Mr. Benson has been warmly praised in high quarters:
"A sound scholar, a powerful and able preacher, and a profund
"He seems like a messenger sent from the other world to call
men to account.”—Rev. R. CECIL.
"His forte did not lie in that finished and sustained style, which,
however beautiful and attractive it may sometimes be, has a ten-
dency to pall upon the car; he had little of Cicero, and less of
Isocrates, in his composition; his eloquence was Demosthenian ”—
Lom. Christian Observer.
Benson, Martin, d. 1752, Bishop of Gloucester. Sør-
mon before the House of Lords, 1738. Sermons, 1736-40.
166
BEN
BEN
Trinity College, Cambridge. He pub. Queries to the In-
babitants of Ely, 1757. Considerations, &c. on the State
of the Fens near Ely, Camb., 1778, Svo. Essays on
Gothic Architecture, in conjunction with Messrs. Warton,
Grosse, and Milner, pub. 1800, Svo. But Mr. Bentham's
principal work is the History and Antiquities of the Con-
Benson, William, 1682-1754, commonly known as ventual and Cathedral Church of Ely, 673-1771, Camb.,
Auditor (of the Imprest) Benson, was the son of Sir Wil- 1771, royal 4to. This work, pub. at eighteen shillings,
liam, formerly Sheriff of London. His first publication and said to be the cheapest work ever published, had
was a letter to Sir Jacob Banks upon the Miseries of Swe- reached the price of 12 to 14 guineas before the publica-
den after her submission to arbitrary power. Of this letter
Of this letter tion of the 2d edit., 1812, imp. 4to, and 25 copies on ele-
100,000 copies were sold in the English language and trans-phant paper. William Stevenson pub., in 1817, a supple-
iations. In 1724 he pub. Virgil's Husbandry, with notes;
and in 1739 Letters concerning poetical translations and
Virgil's and Milton's arts of verse. In 1740 appeared an
edition of Arthur Johnston's Psalms, with a Prefatory dis-
course; and a criticism on this preface in 1741. In a sup-
plement to this essay he drew a comparison between John-
ston and Buchanan, giving the preference to the former.
This drew forth an unanswerable defence of Buchanan
from the celebrated Ruddiman. His admiration for Milton
and Johnson is alluded to by Pope in the Dunciad:
ment to the first, and also one to the second, edition.
"On two unequal crutches propt he came,
Benson, Martin, of Tunbridge Wells. Ser., 1794, &c.
Benson, Richard. Momi, &c., Dubl., 1815, 8vo.
Benson, Robert. Sketches of Corsica, &c., Lon.,
1825, 8vo. Praised by Scott in his Life of Napoleon.
Benson, Thomas. Vocabularium Anglo-Saxonicum,
1701.
Milton's on this, on that one Johnston's name.”
Pope's indignation, and that of the country at large, was
excited by the appointment of Benson to the post of sur-
veyor-general in 1718, in place of Sir Christopher Wren,
removed. Dr. Warton, in his notes on Pope, considers that
he has treated our author with too much severity:
"Benson is here spoken of too contemptuously. He translated
faithfully, if not very poetically, the second book of the Georgies,
with useful notes; he printed elegant editions of Johnston's
psalms; he wrote a discourse on versification; he rescued his
country from the disgrace of having no monument erected to the
memory of Milton in Westminster Abbey; he encouraged and
urged Pitt to translate the Æneid; and he gave Dobson £1000 for
his Latin translation of Paradise Lost."
Towards the close of his life he evinced an unconquer-
able aversion to books, and passed his last days in retire-
ment at his house in Wimbledon. The Rev. Francis Peck
dedicated to our author his Memoirs of Cromwell:
"Mr. Benson (I dedicate to) is the same gentleman you mention,
and a gentleman, I assure you, of exceeding good sense, and
learning, and candour. For my part, I do not see how Westmin-
ster Abbey is profaned by a Cenotaph in honour of Milton, consi-
dered only as a poet. His politicks I have nothing to say to. You
or I may write of Milton and Cromwell, and still think as we
please.”—Mr. Peck to Dr. Grey, Dec. 15, 1739. See Nichols's Lite
rary Anecdotes, and Spence's Anecdotes.
Benson, William, of St. Mary Hall, Oxford. Ob-
servations on the Impropriety of interfering with the In-
ternal Policy of other States. In a Letter addressed to
The Rt. Hon. Henry Addington, &c., Lon., 1802, Svo.
“A censure on the conduct of our news-papers for their abuse
of the chief Consul of France; eked out with the fag end of an
old sermon, in which the minister is instructed in the nature of
baptism, and on other points with which Mr. Benson (we hope) is
better acquainted than with politics.”—Lon. Monthly Review.
Bensted, John. Resources of the Brit. Empire, 1812.
Bent, J. Life and Death of Ld. Jeffries, Lon., 1693, Svo.
Bent, J. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1774.
Bent, Thomas. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1698.
Bent, William. Lists of Publications, &c., Lon.,
1799, &c.
Bentham, Edward, D.D., 1707–1776, a learned di-
vine of the Church of England, was educated at Corpus
Christi College, Oxford; became vice-president of Mag-
dalen Hall, and Fellow of Oriel College; Prebendary of
Hereford, 1743; Canon of Christ Church, Oxford, and
Regius professor of divinity, 1763. He pub. occasional
sermons, 1722, '44, '50, '72. An Introduction to Moral
Philosophy, 1745, 8vo. Advice to a Young Man of Rank
upon coming to the University. Reflections upon Logic.
Funeral Eulogies upon Military Men, in the original
Greek, with Notes. Reflections upon the Study of Divi-
nity, Svo, 1771. An Introduction to Logic, 1 1773, 8vo.
De Tumultibus Americanus, deque eorum Concitatoribus
Senilis Meditatio, etc. This last work was occasioned by
some members of Parliament having censured the Uni-
versity of Oxford for addressing the king in favour of the
American war.
"Even death itself found him engaged in the same laborious
application which he had always directed to the glory of the Su-
preme Being, and the benefit of mankind; and it was not till he
was absolutely forbidden by his physicians, that he gave over a
particular course of reading that had been undertaken by him
with a view of making remarks on Mr. Gibbon's Roman History."
"Bentham's Reflections upon the Study of Divinity contain
many judicious observations: the heads of lectures exhibit, per
naps, as complete a plan of theological studies as was ever deli-
vered."—LOWNDES.
Bentham, James, 1709?-1794, brother to the above,
also a divine of the Church of England, was educated at
"The knowledge of ancient architecture displayed in Bentham's
work far exceeded all that had been before written on that subject.
The Cathedral of Ely furnished him with examples of almost
every variety of style from the Saxon era to the Reformation.
The characteristic ornaments of each were carefully studied by
him; and his numerous quotations from ancient authors prove
his diligence in historical research. In this work was first brought
forward the presumed origin of the pointed arch, the chief feature
of the Gothic style, on which the whole style seemed to have been
formed. This kind of arch Bentham supposed might have been
derived from the intersection of two semi-circular arches. such as
are seen on the walls of some buildings erected soon after the
Norman Conquest. Dr. Milner, the historian of Winchester, has
since adopted this hypothesis, and supported it with a degree of
learned ingenuity which has given it much celebrity.”
The poet Gray has been improperly credited with "the
architectural part of the History of Ely Cathedral." See
Dr. Milner's error on this subject, (in article Gothic Archi-
tecture, in Rees's Cyclopædia,) corrected in the Memoirs of
Bentham, prefixed to the new edit. (1812) of the History.
To this History the eminent antiquary, Rev. W. Cole of
Milton, and Dr. Bentham's brother, were considerable con-
tributors. James Bentham, the son of the author, was
the editor of the 2d edition. As the author commenced
his history from his father's collections, we have here the
pleasing spectacle of three generations being employed
on the same work.
"It is probable that Mr. Bentham was determined to the pursuit
of ecclesiastical antiquities by the eminent example of Bishop
Tanner. (a prebendary of the same stall which Mr. B. afterwards
held.) who had honoured the family with many marks of bis
kindness and friendship."
See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes; Gorton's Biog.
Dict.; Chalmers's do.; Memoirs prefixed to the Hist. of
Ely, 1812; Notes on Mem. in Suppl. to Hist., 1817.
Bentham, Jeremy, 1747-1832, was a native of Lon-
don, where his father and grandfather were attorneys.
He was so remarkable for an early love of books, that at
the age of five years he had acquired among the members
of the family the name of " the philosopher." He was ad-
mitted in his 14th year of Queen's College, Oxford, where
be at once became distinguished among his fellow stu-
dents. After attending the celebrated Vinerian Lectures
of Sir William Blackstone, he was called to the Bar about
1772, but soon abandoned the profession from disgust at
the unjust charges to suitors, and other corruptions which
he found existing in the machinery of law. Mr. Bentham
visited Paris on three different occasions prior to the com.
mencement of the French Revolution. În the second of
these visits he became acquainted with the celebrated
Brissot de Warville, who has left a graphic sketch of the
character of his friend. A still more important event was
his introduction to M. Dumont, the Marquis of Lans-
downe's Swiss librarian, then residing at Bowood.
literary assistance of this gentleman in amending and
polishing his friend's composition, was invaluable. The
great object of Mr. Bentham's life was the improvement
of legislation and jurisprudence, and the advocacy of the
principle of utility as the criterion of right and wrong.
The
"In the phrase the greatest happiness of the greatest number,
I
then saw deliueated for the first time (in Priestley's pamphlet] a
plain, as well as a true. standard for whatever is right or wrong,
useful, useless, or mischievous in human conduct, whether in the
field of morals or politics."
But the questions immediately occur-What is to be the
definition of the greatest happiness? Is it happiness for
time or for eternity that should be man's great object?
Do not men's actions continually prove that, unassisted
by Revelation, they are equally incapable of judging what
is their true happiness, and of pursuing it when known?
If a supposed utility, rather than a fixed principle, is to
direct action, men must judge what utility is, and there
may be as many opinions as there are judges;-all cannot
be right, and all may be wrong; but obedience to the re-
vealed will of God must in all cases be safe and profitable.
Is it to be supposed, then, that the Supreme Being has left
his creatures under the constant necessity of action, and
has given them no means save their own wild conjectures,
167
BEN
BEN
of ascertaining either what will please their Creator, or
promote their own happiness? Nothing, indeed, more
conclusively proves the necessity of a Revelation, than the
crude conjectures and childish fallacies, the baseless pre-
mises and lame and impotent conclusions, of philosophi-
cal and moral speculators, from Socrates to Voltaire, from
Zeno to Bentham. Jonathan Dymond, with the simple
Word of God as his weapon, can discomfit a host of such
"pbilosophers,"and put "to flight all the armies of the alien."
Mr. Bentham's first publication was A Fragment on
Government; being an Examination of what is delivered
on the Subject in Blackstone's Commentaries, Lon., 1776,
Svo. This work, he tells us, was prompted by "a passion
for improvement in those shapes in which the lot of man
is meliorated by it." This was published anonymously. The
Lon. Monthly Review indignantly remonstrated upon the
writer's treatment of Blackstone:
"We cannot avoid expressing our disgust at the severity with
which the justly admired Commentator is treated in the critique
now before us. In order to convict him of obscurity and inaccuracy,
this anmymous Writer has taken much pains-it must be owned,
with some ingenuity-to analyze those passages in the introduc-
tion to his work which treat of the subject of Government in gene-
ral and has scrutinized every word and idea with a degree of
rigour, which few even of the most admired writers would be able
to endure. . . . In what the author advances concerning the Bri-
tish constitution, he controverts, with a mixture of argument and
raillery, many popular opinions; with what success we shall not at
present undertake to determine."
His View of the Hard Labour Bill appeared in 1775,
and the Principles of Morals and Legislation in 1780.
Defence of Usury was pub. in 1787.
The
tr
"If we mistake not, this tract will furnish ground for many
ample discussions, that will, we hope. terminate in the emancipat
ing the human mind from many great errors that capitally in-
fluence the business of human life. . . . We view it as a political
gem of the finest water, that requires only to be examined with
attention in order to be admired."—Lon. Monthly Review,
"A work unanswered and unanswerable; and not less admira-
bly reasoned than happily expressed.”—Edinburgh Review.
"Perhaps the best specimen of the exhaustive discussion of a
moral or political question, leaving no objection. however feeble,
unanswered, and no difficulty, however small, unexplained; re-
markable, also, for the clearness and spirit of the style, for the full
exposition which suits them to all intelligent readers. for the ten-
der and skilful hand with which prejudice is touched, and for the
urbanity of his admirable apology for projectors."-SIR JAMES
MACKINTOSH.
The Principles of Morals and Legislation was pub. in
1789, (printed in 1780,) and in the next year he communi-
cated a plan of making convicts useful, in his Panopticon,
or the Inspection House. Two years later he pub. Truth
verans Ashurst, &c., and in 1795 Supply without Burthen,
or Escheat vice Taxation; to which he prefixed his Protest
against Law Taxes.
"It appears to us that this Essay is a hasty and undigested per-
formance, and that it required more consideration than the author
has bestowed on it.”—Lo. Monthly Review.
The same periodical had remarked of the Principles of
Morals and Legislation, that Mr. Bentham,
"Like many other men of great and comprehensive minds here
seems to have engaged in a pursuit too extensive, perhaps. for the
powers of any individual of the human race to execute with pre-
cision and propriety."
Mr. Bentham's principal work was first published in
French in 1802. It is entitled Traités de Législation Civile
et Pénale; précédés de Principes Généraux de Législation,
et d'une Vue d'un Corps complet de Droit; terminés par
un Essai sur l'influence des Tems et des Lieux relative-
ment aux Lois, Paris, an. x., 1802. This work was trans-
lated into French by M. Dumont "d'après les Manuscrits.
confiés par l'Auteur." We should not omit to notice Mr.
R. Hildreth's translation of this work into English, Boston,
2 vols. 12mo, 1840.
Other works of Bentham's are, A Plea for the Constitu-
tion, 1803. Scotch Reform Considered, 1808. Defence of
Economy against Burke, 1810-17. Ditto against Rose,
1810-17. Elements of the Art of Packing, 1810-21. Théorie
des Peines et des Récompenses, redigée en Français par
Dumont, 1812.
"The law student cannot fail in being much delighted with this
work; it is a book replete with original and philosophical thoughts
and sound practical observations, conveyed in a manner of pecu-
liar force, and often in language of great novelty and appropriate
ness; in fine, in a style not entirely Mr. Bentham's. but in his best
manner, with the exception of his Essay on Usury, and his Frag-
inents on Government."-Floffman's Legal Study.
"Mr. Bentham has particularly and philosophically examined
the subject of punishment. His writings have been and will be
of great practical benefit to mankind. They will form the mine
wherein statesmen are to work for the ore that must be converted
to the uses of Legislation. In practical legislation, in the laborious,
and, what to most men would be, the tedious, scrutiny of existing
abuses. in the unwearied exposure of inconsistency in our laws,
and a daring without check, and before him without precedent, in
sifting their very foundations, and penetrating the most awful and
1
mysterious recesses of the temple of Justice, he stands perhaps
without a rival among men.”—Lon. Eclectic Keview.
This treatise was trans. into English, under the follow-
ing titles; The Rationale of Reward, Lon., 1825, 8vo.
The Rationale of Punishment, Lon., 1829, 8vo.
On the Law of Evidence, 1813. Church of Englandism
and its Catechism examined, 1818. Essai sur la Tactique
des Assemblées Politiques, par Dumont, 1816. Swear not
at all, &c., printed 1813, pub. 1817. Chrestomathia, 1817.
Codification Proposal, 1822. Traité des Preuves Judici-
aires, par Dumont, Paris, 1823. M. Dumont tells us that
this Treatise cost the author more labour than any other
of his works. The editor reduced to shape a mass of ma-
terials which had been accumulating for a long period.
Trans. into English, Lon., 1825, Svo. The Book of Falla-
cies from his unfinished papers, by a Friend, appeared in
1824. Rationale of Judicial Evidence, specially applied
to English, by Mr. Mill, from the author's MSS., 5 vols.
Svo, 1827.
"We could have wished the present editor had translated the
work out of the obscure involuted Benthamic dialect in which it
is written. A book more disgustingly affected, and so nearly un-
intelligible, it is not possible to produce in the English language.
It is a vast and most luxuriant forest of disquisition and informa
tion; a production which has occupied a powerful, original, and
active mind, with little interruption, during a long and studious
life."-American Southern Review.
We have not thought it necessary, in our limited space,
author. Among the last pieces of the two years preceding
to give the titles of all the publications of this voluminous
his death were, The 1st vol. of a Constitutional Code; Offi-
cial Aptitude Maximized; Expense Minimized; Justico
and Codification Petitions; Letter to his French Fellow-
Citizens; Letter to the French Chamber of Peers, and Re-
marks on the Bankruptcy Bill. An edition of his works
has been pub. in 11 vols. 8vo, Edin., 1843, edited by Dr.
Bowring, with an introduction by J. H. Burton, Esq. We
shall now proceed to give some opinions on our celebrated
author and his productions. We make a brief extract from
Brissot's celebrated sketch :
"Candour in the countenance, mildness in the looks, serenity
upon the brow, calmness in the language, coolness in the move
ments. imperturbability united with the keenest feeling; such are
his qualities. . . . When he had examined all these wrecks of Gothic
Law, and collected his materials, he applied himself to the con-
struction of a systematic plan of civil and criminal law, founded
entirely upon reason, and having for its object the happiness of
the human race."
Dr. Parr, a small man with a great name-a man ridicu-
lously overrated-perhaps overpraises Bentham as much as
Bishop Butler overpraises Parr:
Dr. Parr considered Jeremy Bentham as the wisest man of his
time, whose powerful and penetrating mind had anticipated the
improvements of coming ages. and who, on the all-important sub-
ject of Jurisprudence has discovered and collected knowledge,
which will scarcely find its way to the great mass of human intel-
lect, perhaps through the course of another century."-Field's Life
of Parr, vol. ii., p. 203.
•••
"In Jeremy Bentham the world has lost the great teacher and
patriot of his time: the man who, of all men who were living on
the day of his death, has exercised and is exercising over the for
tunes of mankind the widest and most durable influence. . . . There
are some most important branches of the science of law which were
in a more wretched state than almost any of the others when he
took them in hand, and which he has so exhausted. that he seems
to have left nothing to be sought by future inquirers: we mean
the departments of procedure, evidence, and the judicial establish-
ment."-London Examiner.
The Traités de Législation Civile et Pénale was reviewed
at length by Lord Jeffrey in the Edinburgh Review:
"The plan which Mr. Bentham has chalked out for himself in
this undertaking, is more vast and comprehensive, we believe. than
vidual. It embraces almost every thing that is important in the
was ever ventured upon before by the ambition of any one indi-
science of human nature, and not only touches upon all the higher
questions of government and legislation, but includes most of the
abstract principles of ethics and metaphysics, and professes to de-
lineate those important rules by which the finest speculations of
philosophy may be made to exert their influence on the actual con-
dition of society. . . . Notwithstanding all that M. Dumont has done
to render the work popular, we are afraid that it will have fewer
readers than it deserves. Those who do read it, will also dissent,
we should imagine. from many of the author's fundamental prin-
ciples; but they will infallibly he delighted with the sagacity and
Independence which distinguish all his speculations, and will
look forward with impatience to the publication of his entire sys
tem." Vol. ii.. 1804.
The reviewing of the Book of Fallacies, (pub. 1824,; fell
to the lot of the witty author of Peter Plymley's Letters.
We commend the critique to the attention of our readers.
Sydney Smith introduces the subject in his own amusing
style:
"Whether it is necessary there should be a middleman between
the cultivator and possessor, learned economists doubted; but
neither gods, men, nor bookseliers can doubt the necessity of a
middleman between Mr. Bentham and the public. Mr. Bentham
is long; Mr. Bentham is occasionally involved and obscure; MŁ
168
BEN
BEN
Bentham invents new and alarming expressions; Mr. Bentham
loves division and subdivision-and he loves method itself, more
than its consequences. Those only, therefore, who know his origi-
nality, his knowledge, his vigour, and his boldness, will recur to
the works themselves. The great mass of readers will not purchase
improvement at so dear a rate; but will choose rather to become
acquainted with Mr. Bentham through the Reviews-after that
eminent philosopher has been washed, trimmed, shaved, and forced
into clean linen.”—Blin. Review, vol. xlii., 1825.
In the Papers relative to Codification were included the
author's correspondence with divers constituted authorities
in the United States of America, relative to the improve-quarters of the world as a benefactor to mankind."
ment of their legislation:
"The United States are still subject to the common law of Eng-zine does not scruple to say that "a knowledge of his
land, except so far as that law has been altered or repealed by works is a key which unlocks all the mysteries of social
British or American statutes. In the opinion of Mr. Bentham, an and political government." The advocacy of Mr. Mill
unwritten law must always be attended with great evils; and he and the strictures of Sir Samuel Romilly, Sir James Mack-
earnestly exhorts the Americans, in the place of it, to substitute intosh, and Mr. Macaulay need only be referred to here.
a written code. The greater part of what is addressed on this sub-
ject to America is immediately applicable to England; and a mat-
Our utilitarian philosopher was not considered unworthy
ter of greater or more increasing importance can hardly be presented the adulation of princes. Talleyrand made a proposal a
to our view.... What principally obstructs the circulation of Mr. few weeks before the author's death to have a complete
Bentham's writings, is the style in which they are composed. Un-
edition of his works published at Paris in the French lan-
like most authors, Mr. Bentham's first publications are, in point of
writing, the most perfect; and long habit and frequent exercise,
guage. The Emperor Alexander sent him a diamond ring,
instead of improving his language, seem only to have rendered it which, as Major Parry thinks, to his "immortal honour,"
perplexed, obscure, and uncouth.”—Edin. Review, vol. xxix., 1817. but as we think, rather in bad taste, he returned.
In the words of Sir James Mackintosh,
The Rationale of Judicial Evidence, (pub. 1827,) is very
freely reviewed in the same periodical. The critic thus
concludes:
"As we have spoken plainly our real sentiments regarding the
flaws which strike across this great work a vein so deep and coarse
that there is scarce a page together which we have read with un-
mingled pleasure; we are bound to state with equal sincerity, that
we should have thought it impossible for any book upon a subject
with which we had fancied ourselves well acquainted, and which,
in our idiomatic form of it at least, we had been long conversant,
to have given us so many new ideas, and to have so completely
changed our old ones.”—Ibid., vol. xlviii., 1828.
The Théorie des Peines et des Récompenses, (pub. 1811,)
affords an opportunity for honourable mention of the author:
"Additional time for meditating upon the subject has only con-
firmed the conviction originally entertained, of the essential services
rendered to the most important branch of legislation by this pro-
mulgation of Mr. Bentham's doctrines."-Ibid., vol. xxii., 1813.
In a notice of Deontology, or the Science of Morality,
arranged by Dr. Bowring from the MSS. of Mr. Bentham,
(pub. 1834,) the Edinburgh reviewer remarks,
"That the Germans, the most accurate. learned. and philosophical
nation in Europe, admit the merits of Mr. Bentham as a juriscon-
sult, in his analysis and classification of the material interests of
life but their metaphysicians and moralists agree. we believe,
without an exception, in considering his speculative philosophy as
undeserving even the pomp and ceremony of an argument."
Vol. Ixi., 1835.
With respect to adverse criticism, Mr. Bentham pursued
a plan the adoption of which would save many poor au-
thors much mortification and chagrin; he made it a rule
to read nothing against his theories.
Church of Englandism and its Catechism examined, (pub.
1818,) is severely rebuked in the Lon. Quarterly Review:
"It is fortunate that this book (as we have said) is not at all
attractive; it is too obscure to be generally understood, and too
ridiculous to be admired; and however mischievous the intention,
the tendency will be very innoxious. Of its worst part, the inde
cent levity with which all that is sacred is treated in it, we have
not spoken. These offences must be answered for at a higher tri-
bunal; but we would seriously recommend it to the author to
consider whether the decline of life cannot be better spent than in
captiously cavilling at the doctrines of religion, and in profane ri-
dicule of its most holy rites."-Vol. xxi.,1819.
Rev. H. J. Rose pub. A Critical Examination of those
parts of Bentham's work which relate to the Sacraments
and Church Catechism, Lon., 1819, Svo.
A notice of Chrestomathia, a work upon education, &c.,
(pub. 1817,) will be found in the Monthly Review, vol. xc.,
1819:
"In the present treatise, as in all the works of Mr. Bentham,
the reader will discover much originality of thought; for the au-
thor never sits down to examine any of the objects of intellectual
pursuit without illuminating them by the rays of his own en-
lightened understanding. Mr: Bentham has long been a daring
Innovator in the use of words; and he scatters his new terms over
his page thick as autumnal leaves that strew the brooks in Val-
lombrosa."
<
great severity; whilst, on the other hand, Mr. E. Sinclair
Cullen declares that when he reads the criticisms of those
who-
"Mr. Bentham's political speculations are not without theoreti-
cal distortions; but he is not very Utopian, he does not write of
perfect commonwealths, founded upon a state of manners, morals,
and intelligence, of rights and obligations, that have been out of
vogue ever since the golden age. He takes mankind as he finds
them, with their passions, views, depravity, and blind prejudices;
and sometimes reminds his readers of Solon's modification of the
ries and principles, by the rule, that you are only to give a people
as good a code as they will bear."
The author of the letters addressed to Sir Robert Peel
under the signature of Eunomus handles Bentham with
"Bounded by nature, narrowed still by art,
A trifling head, and a contracted heart.'-
attack the opinions and deride the style of Mr. Bentham, I am
the more struck with his stupendous superiority of mind, and his
enviable superiority of feeling. But I let my pen drop with
humility;-suddenly ashamed at my presumption in fancying that
I can offer any worthy homage to a person so celebrated in al!
In a similar strain, a writer in the New Monthly Maga-
"It cannot be denied without injustice and ingratitude, that
Mr. Bentham has done more than any other writer to rouse the
spirit of juridical reformation which is now gradually examining
every part of law; and when further progress is facilitated by di
gesting the present laws, will doubtless proceed to the improve
ment of all. Greater praise it is given to few to earn."-Prel. Dis.
to Encyc. Brit.
Bentley, John. Theolog. works, Lon., 1803-12.
1803. The Royal Penitent; a Sacred Drama, 1804.
Bentley, John. The Royal Convert; a Sacred Drama,
Bentley, Richard, D.D., 1661-2—1742, was a native
of Oulton, near Wakefield, in the West Riding of York-
shire. In 1676 he was sent to St. John's College, Cam-
bridge, where he gave such proofs of application to his
studies, that at the early age of twenty he was nominated
by the Fellows of St. John's to the head-mastership of the
grammar school of Spalding, in Lincolnshire. After hold-
ing this situation for a twelvemonth, he accepted the office
of domestic tutor to the son of Dr. Edward Stillingfleet,
the Dean of St. Paul's, and subsequently Bishop of Wor-
cester. In 1692 he received a prebend in Worcester Cathe-
dral, and was appointed to deliver the first, scries of the
Boyle Lectures. In the next year he was made keeper of
the Royal Library at St. James's. In 1695 he was made
chaplain in ordinary to the King; and took his degree of
D.D. at Cambridge, in 1696. In February, 1700, he was
installed master of Trinity College, Cambridge, and in the
same year was collated to the archdeaconry of Ely, vacant
by the death of Dr. Saywell.
by the death of Dr. Saywell. In 1717, by the death of
Dr. James, the Regius Professorship of Divinity became
vacant, and was obtained by Dr. Bentley by the use of the
to enter into any detailed account of the unhappy contro-
most skilful management. Our space will not permit us
Bentham's Theory of Legislation translated into English
by R. Hildreth, (see ante,) was reviewed by Mr. W. Phil-versies in which the master of Trinity bore so prominent
lips in the North American Review, vol. li., 384:
Had the philosopher been more distrustful of himself, he
would have proved of more benefit to others, and a greater
share of humility would have added to his true greatness.
Bentham, Joseph. Theolog. works, Lon., 1630-36.
Bentham, Thomas, b. about 1513, d. 1578, Bishop
of Lichfield and Coventry, trans. the Book of Psalms
into English at the command of Queen Elizabeth; he like-
wise trans. Ezekiel and Daniel. He also pub. a sermon on
St. Matt. xli. 11.
Bentinck, Henry Cavendish, Lord William,
K. B. Account of the Mutiny at Vallore, Lon., 1810, 4to.
Bentley, Elizabeth, daughter of a journeyman
cordwainer, born at Norwich, 1767. Genuine Poetical
Compositions, on various Subjects, Lon., 1791, Svo.
Bentley, Hugh. British Class Book; or Exercises
in Reading and Elocution, Lon., 1837, 12mo.
"Mr. Bentley has made the selections with an excellent dis-
crimination aud fine taste; and we have no doubt the work will
a general purchaser, it is valuable from the intrinsic worth and
take a station in the first class of works designed for tuition. To
variety of its contents."-Britannia.
a part. His demand for an illegal fee was resisted by
Conyers Middleton, who was sustained by the Vice-chan-
cellor's court. Bentley treated the authorities with the
same contempt which he had displayed for his accuser;
and on his refusal to make reparation, the sonate, by a
large majority, deprived him of all his degrees. This de-
cree was followed by a lively controversy, in which Mid-
dleton displayed great ability. The Fellows of Trinity at
last resolved to bring their grievances to a judicial tribu-
nal. The cause was finally referred to the House of Lords,
169
BEN
BEN
| masterpiece of learning and ability, to the production of which no
other writer of the age was equal."
The scholars of Christ Church, amazed but not silenced,
determined to encounter their formidable opponent, and
Anthony Alsop, and the two brothers Freind, to carry on
deputed a committee, consisting of Atterbury, Smalridge,
the war. Atterbury, afterwards Bishop of Rochester, was
the principal champion. The rejoinder appeared in March,
1698. It was styled Dr. Bentley's Dissertations on the
Epistles of Phalaris and the Fables of Esop, examined
by the Hon. Charles Boyle. This work was as contemptible
in point of philological learning as it was brilliant in the
more popular qualities of wit and satire.
"It was received by the literary world with a tempest of ap
plause. Wits and witlings, poets, mathematicians, and anti-
quaries concurred in celebrating the imaginary triumph of the
Oxonians, and persecuting the great critic who was soon to crush
them at a blow."
?
who commissioned Dr. Greene, the Bishop of Ely, to try
Dr. Bentley upon twenty out of the sixty-four articles ex-
hibited against him. The Bishop sentenced him to be de-
prived of his mastership, and his enemies seemed to have
completely triumphed. But Bentley was not easily out-
But Bentley was not easily out-
witted. The sentence of the could be put in exe.
cution by none but the vice-master; Bentley placed his
devoted adherent, Richard Walker, in that office; and the
new incumbent,
that he was not the same vice-
master, refused to carry the sentence into execution. In
1738 Bishop Greene died; the proceedings were not re-
vived, and Bentley triumphed; holding out for 28 years
against all right and law, despising alike ecclesiastical
authority, and the censure of the university. We will now
turn to a more pleasing subject-the literary character of
this great scholar and eminent classical critic.
His first publication was Epistola ad clarum virum Joan-
nem Millium, appended to the Oxford edition of the Chro-
nicle of Joannes Malelas Antiochenus. This dissertation
at once established his reputation throughout Europe as
"a critic of the very highest order of excellence." It was
received with the "loudest commendations by Grævius
and Ezekiel Spanheim; and has ever since been spoken
of by the first critics with reverence and wonder. See, in
particular, Ruhnken's preface to Alberti Hesychius."
"There is, perhaps, no learned work of the same compass which
can be compared with it for ingenuity. originality, and copious
erudition. The observations on IIesychius are particularly valu-
able."
"When we consider the number of topics discussed-of which
many were among the most obscure and intricate within the whole
range of philological criticism,—the reach and originality of his
speculations on questions supposed to have been exhausted by the
learning and sagacity of his predecessors,-the prodigious display
of erudition, apparently not less extensive, and incomparably more
accurate than that of Salmasius, Scaliger, or Casaubon-the close,
irresistible logic with which he supports all his discoveries and
conclusions.-and the animation of his style, which throws a
charm and liveliness over subjects naturally the most devoid of
interest, we may safely pronounce the Epistle to Dr. Mill to be one
of the most extraordinary performances in the entire compass of
classical literature. Indeed, but for one of the subsequent pro-
ductions of the same author, it would have remained to this day
unrivalled."—Cunningham's Bing. Hist.
Mr. Hallam, after remarking that Bentley was the great-
est English critic in his own, or possibly any other, age,
proceeds to notice the Epistle to Mill:
"In a desultory and almost garrulous strain Bentley pours forth
an immense store of novel learning and of acute criticism, espe-
cially on his favourite subject, which was destined to become his
glory, the scattered relics of the ancient dramatists. The style of
Bentley, always terse and lively, sometimes humorous and dryly
sarcastic, whether he wrote in Latin or in English, could not but
augment the admiration which his learning challenged. Grævius
and Spanheim pronounced him the rising star of British litera-
ture, and a correspondence with the former began in 1692, which
continued in unbroken friendship till his death."-Lit. of Europe.
In 1696 he transmitted to Grævius his notes and emen-
dations on Callimachus, with a large collection of the
fragments of that poet.
"The erudition and critical acumen displayed in these contri-
butions to his friend's edition, were such as fully to sustain his
reputation as the first scholar of modern times."
The celebrated controversy respecting the genuineness
of the Epistles of Phalaris now claims our attention. Sir
Sir
William Temple had cited the Epistles of Phalaris and the
Fables of Esop as conspicuous instances of the superiority
of ancient literature over modern. Wotton replied with
ability; and Bentley promised to prove that the Esopian
Fables were not sop's, and that the Epistles of Phalaris
were a modern forgery. A new edition of the Epistles
was preparing about this time at Christ Church College,
Oxford, and the Honourable Charles Boyle, a student in
the college, was selected as the editor. The preface to the
new edition contained a censure upon Bentley for a sup-
posed want of courtesy respecting the use of a MS. in the
library at St. James's. The bookseller, Bennet, had at-
tempted to cover his negligence by throwing the blame
upon Dr. Bentley, the librarian. The latter wrote to Mr.
Boyle, and explained the facts of the case. Boyle replied,
that
"What Mr. Bentley had said might be true. but that the book-
seller had represented the matter quite otherwise, and that Mr.
Bentley might seek his redress in any method he pleased."
In 1697 Wotton published a new edition of his Reply to
Sir William Temple, and begged his friend Bentley to ful-
fil his promise, and furnish him with the proof of the spu-
riousness of the Epistles to Phalaris, the Fables of sop,
and the Letters of Themistocles, of Socrates, and of Eu-
ripides. Dr. Bentley complied with the request, and com-
posed a masterly demonstration of the position which he
had so boldly assumed.
"Considered as a whole, the dissertation must be pronounced a
Pope, Swift, Aldrich, Garth, Dodwell, and Conyers Mid-
dleton were among his opponents. Dr. Garth has stereo-
typed his own ignorance in the well-known couplet in his
Dispensary :
"So diamonds owe a lustre to their feil,
And to a Bentley 'tis we owe a Boyle."
Swift's Battle of the Books is about the only one of all
the satires aimed at Bentley which is now known to the
general reader. But the triumphing of the Pigmies was
short. In 1699 the doctor carried dismay into the ranks
of the adversary by the "unrivalled and immortal" Dis-
sertation upon the Epistles of Phalaris, with an Answer to
the objections of the Hon. Robt. Boyle. The victory was
and
complete: the enemy was made to "bite the dust,
the battle was at an end.
"}
"To those who never critically examined this truly stupendous
production, it is impossible to convey an adequate conception of
its merits. To affirm that it vindicates the character of Bentley in
every particular on which it had been assailed, and, with one in-
considerable exception, sustains every position that he had ad-
vanced in the original dissertation upon Phalaris, is saying little.
It is replete throughout with learning of the finest and rarest
quality. The same unequalled force and subtlety of intellect
which had distinguished the appendix to the Chronicle of Malelas,
is here exbibited to even greater advantage. The style, though
wanting in harmony and elegance, is full of energy; and the wit
and sarcasm with which the whole piece abounds, if inferior to
that of his adversaries in the qualities of ease and grace, is equal,
perhaps superior, in pungency. This incomparable work was,
after an interval of nearly eighty years, translated into Latin by
Lennep, a scholar of eminence, and one of the pupils of the illus
trious Valckenaer."-Cunningham's Biog. Hist.
"It may be said, with perfect truth, that, as a combination of
profound learning and great originality with lively wit and sound
logic, it has never been paralleled. Although it came forth as an
occasional and controversial work, such is the fulness with which
every subject in it is discussed, that it is still used as a text-book
in our universities, and will always continue to be read even by
those who have no interest in, nor acquaintance with, the book to
which it is professedly an answer.”—Rose's Biog. Dict.
We have quoted Mr. Hallam's observations on the Epis-
tle to Mill. This eminent authority proceeds to remark:
"But the rare qualities of Bentley were more abundantly dis-
played, and before the eyes of a more numerous tribunal, in his
famous dissertation on the epistles ascribed to Phalaris. . . . It
was the first great literary war that had been waged in England;
and like that of Troy, it has still the prerogative of being remem-
bered, after the Epistles of Phalaris are almost as much buried as
the walls of Troy itself. Both combatants were skilful in wielding
the sword: the arms of Boyle, in Swift's language, were given
him by all the gods; but his antagonist stood forward in no such
figurative strength, master of a learning to which nothing paral-
lel had been known in England, and that directed by an under-
standing prompt, discriminating, not idly skeptical, but still fur-
ther removed from trust in authority; sagacious in perceiving cor-
ruptions of language, and ingenious, at the least. in removing
them; with a style rapid. concise, amusing, and superior to Boyle
in that which he had chiefly to boast, a sarcastic wit.”—Lit. of
Europe.
Mr. Disraeli, in his Quarrels of Authors, remarks:
"Bentley's Dissertation on Phalaris is a volume of perpetual
value to the lovers of ancient Literature. Ilis narrative of the rise
of his controversy with Boyle is a most vigorous production; it
heaves with the workings of a master spirit; still reasoning with
such force. and still applying with such happiness the stores of
his copious literature, that had it not beer for this Literary Quar
rel, the mere English reader had lost this single opportunity of
surveying that commanding intellect. Posterity justly appreciates
the volume of Bentley for its stores of Ancient Literature, and tho
author for that peculiar sagacity in emerding a corrupt text, which
formed his distinguishing characteristic as a classical critic."
The Rev. Mr. Dyce, the learned editor of Bentley's works,
(Lon., 1836-38, 3 vols. only published,) observes that
"On Bentley's memorable performances, the Dissertations on
Phalaris, criticism has been exhausted. In the just arrangement
of the matter, in the logical precision of the arguments, and in
the readiness and skill with which the most extensive and refined
erudition is brought to bear upon the points contested. it is per
haps unrivalled by any single work. Enriched with incidental
disquisitions on many lifferent topics of classical learning, it will
170
BEN
BEN
•ǝ be prized by the student as a storehouse of important Infor-
mation."
"Good sense," says Bishop Warburton, "is the foundation of
criticism, this it is that has made Dr. Bentley and Bishop Hare
the two greatest critics that ever were in the world. Not that good
sense alone will be sufficient; for that considerable part of it,
emending a corrupt text. there must be a certain sagacity, which
is so distinguishing a quality in Dr. Bentley."-Bishop Warburtm
to Dr. Birch: Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
In 1708 Bentley addressed to Ludolph Kuster, who was
engaged upon an edition of Aristophanes, Three Critical
Epistles, containing annotations upon the Plutus and the
Nubes. In the next year he communicated a number of
notes to Davies's edition of the Tusculan Questions of
Cicero. These were followed by the celebrated Emenda-
tions of Menander Philemon. How severely he rebuked
the presumption of Le Clerc, and the controversy which
ensued thereon, are matters doubtless familiar to many of
our readers. His edition of Horace, which had engaged
him for ten years, was published at Cambridge in 1711,
4to. This work claims both praise and censure. The
illustrative annotations, and many of the emendations,
are invaluable; the chronology has been approved as sound,
and the logical acuteness and penetrating sagacity of the
editor cannot be sufficiently admired; but, on the other
hand, indefensible liberties are taken with the text, and a
conjectural fabric of unwieldy proportions is erected upon
a narrow basis of probability. The errors of so eminent
a critic were not allowed to pass without chastisement.
Ker and Johnson, and long afterwards, Cunningham, in
his rival edition of Horace, (i721,) visited the offences of
the great master with a rod of iron. In 1713, under the
signature of Phileleutheros Lipsiensis, our author casti-
gated Anthony Collins for his Discourse of Free-thinking,
pub. in the same year.
|
This
which, as the exigencies of the metre showed, must have been in
use at the time when the Homeric poems were composed.
letter, which is commonly called the digammu, has a significance
even for the readers of our lighter literature. Most persons are
familiar with the lines which Pope. in the fourth book of his Dun-
ciad, puts into the mouth of Bentley:
Roman and Greek grammarian, know your better,—
Author of something yet more great than letter;
While towering o'er your alphabet, like Saul,
Stands our digamma, and o'ertops them all.'
"The last line refers to the representation of the digamma by a
capital F, in two quotations from Homer which appeared in the
notes to Milton." See the excellent article on Bentley in Rose's
Biog. Dict.; also see Cunningham's Biog. Hist.
(6
Bentley had now reached the ripe age of seventy-two,
when he was arrested in his labours upon Homer by a
paralytic stroke, which preceded his death about three
years. The corrections in his copy of the poet were used
by Heyne in his edition of Homer, and many of the emi-
nent critic's suggestions have been printed by Mr. Donald.
son in the New Cratylus. His last employment was an
edition of Manilius, pub. in 1739 by his nephew, Richard
Bentley. We made a passing reference to our author's
proposed emendations to the text of Milton. For this
delicate, and, indeed, supererogatory, task, few men of
learning were less qualified. In those most essential
points, a knowledge of the Italian and romantic writers,
religious sensibility, and a fervid imagination, he was re-
markably deficient. Even the command of Queen Caro-
line is no excuse for such an undertaking. Bentley should
have declined in Latin, and, if still pressed, expostulated
in Greek, and the business would have dropped. When
Adam Smith remarked upon Johnson's recitation of Bent-
ley's verses in Dodsley's Collection, that they were very
well! very well," Johnson replied, with his usual acute-
ness, "Yes, they are very well, sir; but you may observe
"This volume should be studied by every man who is desirous in what manner they are well. They are the forcible
of forming just notious of Biblical Criticism."--HERBERT MARSH.
verses of a man of strong mind, but not accustomed to
His great sermon on Popery was preached and published write verse; for there is some uncouthness in the expres-
in 1715. Some Remarks upon it were pub. by John Cum- sion." The application to our subject is obvious. Fenton
ming in 1718. In 1720 he issued his Proposals for print- had dropped a hint that some apparent errors in Paradise
ing a New Edition of the Greek Testament. His letter to Lost were probably occasioned by the carelessness or mis-
Archbishop Wake upon this subject was dated four years apprehension of the amanuensis who wrote what the bard
earlier. Bentley designed to restore the text of the Greek dictated. This conjecture is adopted by Bentley, and the
Testament to the same state in which it was at the Council unlucky amanuensis is not spared. We have already far
of Nice. His plan was "to amend the Greek text through exceeded our intended limits, and can devote but little
the Latin Vulgate, in the same way as the version of Plato space to a very amusing and very instructive subject.
by M. Ticino is made the basis for corrections of the Greek Bentley's improvements of Milton must be read to be ap-
text of that philosopher." The 22d chapter of the Apoca-preciated. It is possible that some one of our readers may
lypse was published with the prospectus as a specimen; à not have met with the correction of the grand line:
number of MSS. had been collected, and £2000 subscribed.
"No light, but rather darkness visible.”
The Proposals were assailed by Conyers Middleton in a Bentley kindly offers us the following:
tone of great severity. Bentley replied to the attack-for
which he held Dr. Colbatch partly responsible-but he did
not carry out his projected new edition. Whether he would
have fallen into the errors apprehended by Ernesti, of
attaching too great weight to those Greek MSS. which have
been interpolated from the Latin version, and to those La-
tin MSS. which he supposed to contain the genuine ver- is changed to
sion of Jerome, which certainly followed the text of Ori-
gen-it is of course impossible to decide. Ernesti draws
these conclusions from Bentley's proposals, but what scho-
lar does not improve-and sometimes completely alter
the original design? It is proper to remark here, in con-
nexion with the reference to Middleton, that in 1724 Bent-
ley was restored by a peremptory mandamus to all the de-
grees and privileges of which he had been deprived.
No light, but rather a transpicuous gloom.”
Which does the reader prefer?
"As from the centre thrice to the utmost pole,”
is "amended" to
Then, as 'twas well observed, our torments may
Become our elements."
In 1725 appeared his celebrated edition of Terence. This
is carefully prepared, and will bear the test of criticism.
"The Schediasma on Latin metres which is prefixed to it, is
still the best treatise on the subject. Indeed Bentley may be con-
sidered as absolutely a discoverer in relation to Latin metres: he
had given a proof of his originality in this field in 1709, in some
notes on Cicero's Tusculariæ Disputationes appended to Davies's edi-
tion, in which he had restored. in a most ingenious and satisfac-
tory manner, the fragments of the Latin poets quoted in that
work."
Unfortunately this creditable work was followed by an
edition of Phædrus and Publius Syrius, which has the un-
enviable distinction of being the most careless and inde-
fensible production ever published by its editor. For his
unwarrantable alterations of the text, and other faults,
Dr. Hare, whom Bentley designed to, and did, anticipate,
as editor to Phædrus, robuked him severely in his Epis-
tola Critica. Passing over for the moment a review of
Bentley's revision of Paradise Lost, we briefly notice a
inbour for which the critic was much better qualified-his
design to restore the text of Homer to the state in which
it had been left by the ancient rhapsodists.
6.
This he intended to effect principally by the revival and inser
tion of an old letter, originally the sixth of the Greek alphabet,
"Distance which to express all measure fails."
"Our torments, also, may in length of time
Become our elements,"
See an amusing chapter upon this subject in Disraeli's
Curiosities of Literature. We subjoin the following epi-
gram on Bentley's editorial labours:
"ON MILTON'S EXECUTIONER.
Did MILTON'S PROSE, O CHARLES! thy death defend?
A furious foe, unconscious proves a friend;
On MILTON'S VERSE does BENTLEY comment? know
A weak officious friend becomes a foe.
While he would seem his author's fame to further,
The MURTHEROUS CRITIC has avenged TnY MURTHER."
But a warrior who had gained so many battles on his
own element could well afford an occasional shipwreck,
when, like Pyrrho, he chose
To sail upon a sea of speculation.”
Whether the laudation be extravagant or not, he must
have great merits of whom the critic dares to say
·
“He stands undoubtedly the very first among all the philologi-
cal critics of every age and nation, in shape and gesture proudly
pre-eminent. No single individual ever contributed so much to
the actual stores of the learned world, or gave so strong an im
pulse to the study of the ancient classics.”—Cunningham's Biog.
Hist.
With reference to Bentley's position as a scholar when
compared with the classical "giants of those days," it will
be interesting to quote the verdicts of a fow others, them-
selves more or less imbued with that love for the "wit and
genius of the heathen," which the great master of Trinity
acknowledged had "beguiled him.
Bishop Monk, his learned biographer, styles him "the
most celebrated scholar of modern times."
Mr. De Quincey makes an exception.
"
171
BEN
BEN
"We should pronounce him the greatest of scholars were it not
that we remember Salmasius. Dr. Parr was in the habit of com-
paring the Phalaris dissertation with that of Salmasius De Lingua
For our own part, we have always compared it
the same writer's Plinian Excercitationes. Both are among the
miracles of human talent, but with this difference, that the Sal-
masian work is crowded with errors; whilst that of Bentley, in its
final state, is absolutely without spot or blemish.”—Blackwood's
Mug., 1830; repub. in Philos. Writers.
Edward Everett, a ripe Hellenist, as his call to the Pro-
fessorship of the Greek language and literature in Har-
vard College, before he was of age, may indicate, whilst
allowing that "Richard Bentley is the greatest classical
scholar ever produced by England," proceeds to remark
that
“Whether his name could be safely placed above that of Eras-
mus, Scaliger, and Hemsterhuys, not to mention any of the re-
nowned scholars of the last generation, may be a question on
which the learned of England and other countries might differ.
But this we think may be safely said, that if Bentley, in all other
things the same, had passed his life in the quiet of a University
in Holland or Germany;-if he had redeemed to those studies for
which he was born, the time and the talents which he wasted in
the petty squabbles of his college mastersbip. he would unques-
tionably have made himself, beyond all rivalry, the most cele
brated scholar of modern times.”—North American Review, vol.
xliii. 458.
"Notwithstanding his frequent abuse of his erudition, such is
the power of genius. and so great the preponderance of his solid
and unshaken merits, that Bentley has established a school of
criticism, of which the greatest scholars since his time have been
proud to consider themselves members; and, in spite of the envy
and opposition of his contemporaries, has attained a more exalted
reputation than has hitherto been the lot of any one, in the de-
partment of ancient literature."
The biographer's episcopal brother, Bishop Lowth, ac-
cords to Bentley no small praise in declaring him to have
been "the greatest critic and most able grammarian of the
last age," and Bishop Marsh, also, pronounces him to have
been "the most acute critic not only of this nation, but of
all Europe."
But what Mr. Everett is willing to admit Bentley might
have become under more favourable circumstances, Bishop
Monk insists he really was; and not satisfied with the eu-
logy we have just quoted, he carries what some will deem
extravagance to what many will pronounce absurdity, by lated abroad into several languages."
declaring that
The acknowledgments of Heyne, who enjoyed the great
advantage of the use of Bentley's annotated Iliad, when
preparing his own edition, are freely expressed.
following "praise" is "faint" to absurdity:
The
6.
Though a daring, and sometimes a speculative, emendator, he
was. perhaps, one of the first classical critics that has yet appeared
in his country."-Lon. Monthly Review, vol. cxxii.
6
One of the first, and perhaps' only, not certainly even, one
of the first!"
-
This is indeed the "Nil admirari" to excess! What
"Daniel" have we here?
A writer in the Lon. Quarterly Review draws a com-
parison between Bentley and Porson :
"Bentley's memory, according to his own expression, was 'none
of the best; it was the unparalleled perfection of this faculty in
Porson on which his superiority relied. It gave him the complete
and instant command of all his stores of erudition; he could
bring to bear, at once, on any question, every passage from the
whole range of Greek literature which could elucidate it. [This is
hyperbole, even to nonsense; a university full of Bentleys and
Porsons could not perform such a feat.] He could approximate,
on the instant, the slightest coincidence in thought or expression,
and the accuracy was quite as surprising as the extent of the re-
collection. In another respect, no two characters could be more
opposite than Bentley and Porson: the former, in his immeasur
able self-confidence, bold, adventurous, decisive; the other. cool,
sure, and cautious. In his scholarship. (would that he had been
under as safe a guidance in all his habits!) Porson was singularly
prudent: hence, though Bentley is more splendidly and originally
right, Porson is more unerringly so; Bentley's judgments are
more numerous, and on a greater variety, but all are not of equal
authority. Porson's are few, but none of them have ever been
reversed. Bentley's light was thrown about with greater profu-
sion on many objects; Porson's was centered on a few, but burned
more steadily on those. The same prudence kept Porson within
the province in which his strength lay, that of philological criti-
cism; he never ventured on the more debateable ground of the
criticism of taste. In their style there was the same difference;
the careless copiousness and natural vigour of Bentley was in the
strongest contrast to the terseness and neatness of Porson's most
finished writing; and the fine irony of the latter, of which we
have some few examples, in the character of Gibbon for instance,
is the opposite extreme to the coarse vehemence and the broader
humour of Bentley's controversial tone."—Vol. xlvi. 118.
unequal. He enforced the truths of revelation by the
teachings of nature, us expounded by her greatest inter-
preter, the immortal Newton. A sermon of Bentley's
based upon a thesis of Newton's must have been an intel-
lectual gratification not unworthy an angelic auditory.
But we fear that in simply "vindicating the ways of God
to man," but little would be done to reconcile the heart of
man to God. Accurate, precise, and exhaustive he could
not fail to be.
As a preacher Bentley could not but occupy a high
place in point of depth, and the power of exciting that in-
terest which follows the guidance of a great intellect in
the contemplation of the duties of time and the awful re-
alities of eternity. For that style of exbortation which
awakens the affections, and secures the convictions of the
judgment by the impulses of the heart, the preacher was
"Bentley is a model," says Bishop Horne, "for polemic preach-
ing, on account of the conciseness, perspicuity, and fairness with
which objections are stated; and the clear, full, and regular mau-
ner in which they are answered."—Essays and Thoughts.
"Religion was no less indebted to him than learning, for in
1691-92 he had the honour to be selected as the first person to
preach at Boyle's Lectures, (founded by that great and honourable
gentleman to assert and vindicate the great fundamentals of
natural and revealed religion,) upon which occasion he success-
fully applied Sir Isaac Newton's Principia Mathematica to demon
in this country, have since that time, for the most part, sheltered
strate the Being of God, and altogether silenced the Atheists, who,
themselves under Deism. In those sermons he laid the basis and
foundation upon which all the successors to that worthy office
have since built. Though this was a task of great extent, and no
small difficulty, yet Mr. Bentley [at this time only 30 years of age,
and in deacon's orders] acquitted himself with so much reputa
but did, moreover, by especial command and desire, prevail upon
tion, that the trustees not only publicly thanked him for them,
him to make the said discourses public, upon which he gave to the
world a volume, 1693, 4to, containing eight sermons, which have
not only undergone a number of editions, but have been trans-
"Incomparable, and well càlculated to give a proper direction to
a young man's mind in religious inquiry, and to guard him against
infidelity."-KETT.
We advise all of our readers to procure them; and, in-
deed, the three volumes of Rev. Alexander Dyce's editions
of Bentley's works, Lon., 1836-38. We trust that this
edition will yet he completed. The 3 vols. already pub-
lished contain: Vols. i. and ii., Dissertations upon the Epis-
tles of Phalaris, Themistocles, Socrates, Euripides, and
upon the Fables of sop, and Epistola ad J. Millium.
Vol. iii., Theological Works, viz.: Eight Sermons preached
at Boyle's Lecture; Four Letters from Sir Isaac Newton
to Dr. Bentley; Three Sermons on Various Subjects; Visi-
tation Charge; Remarks upon a late Discourse of Free-
Thinking; Proposals for printing a new edition of the
Greek Testament, and St. Hierom's Latin Version; Ora-
tiuncula.
"We are glad to see, at last, the works of the father of (and also
the best of) our critics, published collectively, and we are surprised
that it has not been done long ago. Every thing that Bentley
wrote is excellent in its kind. No man was ever so acute and ju-
dicious in his criticism, so convincing and logical in his arguments,
with such extensive and profound learning, as the writer of the
Dissertations on the Epistles of Phalaris. We have carefully looked
through these volumes, and can safely say, that Mr. Dyce is a good
scholar, and a careful editor. Bentley could not have fallen into
better hands."-London Literary Gazette.
The Life of Bentley by Dr. Monk, Bishop of Gloucester
and Bristol, must not be overlooked by the reader. It was
first pub. in 1830, 4to, pp. 668, Ap. 83, and since in 2 vols.
Svo. This work has been commended as a model for works
of the kind. An abridgment of it will be found in Hartley
Coleridge's Biographia Borealis.
"The life of Bentley, impartially and ably developed by Dr. Monk,
involving in great measure the literary annals of the first half of
last century, and the particular history of the University of Cam-
bridge, was a desideratum which is now supplied in the most satis-
factory manner; and a sterling work has been added to the stores
of British biography."-London Literary Gazette.
To this invaluable work should be added The Corre-
spondence of Dr. Bentley, edited by the Rev. Christopher
Wordsworth, D.D., Canon of Westminster, Lon., 2 vols.
8vo, 1842. The reader may form some idea of the treasures
contained in these volumes from the prospectus:
"This collection will consist of published and unpublished let-
ters, arranged in chronological order, to and from Dr. Bentley, from
the British Museum, the Lambeth. the Bodleian, and Christ Church
Libraries: and from various books and several private sources;
and especially from the Library and Archives of Trinity College,
Cambridge, whence, among other materials, about a hundred in-
edited letters to Dr. Bentley from the Principal Continental Scholars
of the 18th century have been supplied. by the permission of the
Master and Scholars of the College, for this work."
It is proper to say that we owe the description of this
collection of correspondence to Bentley's admirable biogra-
pher, Bishop Monk. His lordship transferred the duty to
the late Rev. J. Wordsworth, and the brother of the latter
took up the unfinished task as a fraternal legacy. Dr.
Wordsworth takes occasion to enlarge eloquently upon the
value of the Latin tongue as a medium of intercourse for
learned scholars. He takes Kuster severely to task for
adding a broken English P.S. to a Latin letter. Dr. W.
opposes such barbarous innovations:
16
When men of learning have ceased to possess a common lan
172
BEN
BER
guage, they will soon forget that they have a common country;
they will no longer regard each other as intellectual compatriots;
they will be Englishmen, Frenchmen, Dutchmen, but not scholars.”
The classical scholar will find at the British Museum a
large collection of tracts written by and against Bentley.
In Mr. Richard Cumberland's Memoirs of his Own Life
will be found many interesting particulars concerning his
maternal grandfather, our illustrious critic. Mr.
land tells us that his mother, the great man's daughter,
expressed to him her regret that
6.
He had bestowed so great a portion of his time and talents upon
criticism, instead of employing them upon original composition.
Ile acknowledged the justice of her regret with extreme sensibility,
and remained for a considerable time thoughtful, and seemingly
embarrassed by the nature of her remark; at last, recollecting him-
self, he said, 'Child. I am sensible I have not always turned my
talents to the proper use for which I should presume they were
given to me; yet I have done something for the honour of my God,
and the edification of my fellow-creatures: but the wit and genius
of those old hathens beguiled me; and as I despaired of raising my-
self up to their standard upon fair ground, I thought the only
chance I had of looking over their heads was to get upon their
shoulders.""
"The literary execution of this work, the simplicity of its stylo
and the unexceptionable taste which tempers all its author's allu
sions to his contemporaries, have been the subject of universal
admiration.”—W. C. BRYANT.
"Mr. Benton's opportunities as an actor and eye-witness give
him great advantages in this species of historical memoir-for
he quotes Macaulay, and justly claims the pristige of his expe
such it is, neither exactly history nor biography. In his preface
Cumber-rience in public affairs for his work. If Gibbon and Fox and
Mackintosh wrote better for being Parliament men, Mr. Benton
can set forth as well for his story the quorum magna pirs fui.”—
Churchman.
Bentley, Richard, d. 1782, only son of the preced-
ing, was a man of considerable literary talent. He was
educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, resided for many
years in the south of France, and for some time at Ted-
dington, near Twickenham, in consequence of his intimacy
with Horace Walpole.
"They carried on, for a long time, a sickly kind of friendship.
which had its hot fits and cold fits, was suspended and renewed,
but never totally broken."—R. CUMBERLAND: his nephew.
He was in great favour with Lid Bute, who gave him
a place under government. He was author of Patriotism,
a satirical poem attacking Wilkes and his friends, 1765.
(Seo Dilly's Repository, vol. iv.) Poetical Epistle to Lord
Melbourne, 1763. (St. James's Chronicle for April.) Phi-
lodamus, 1767. The Prophet, 1788. He was employed
in the trans. of Hentzer's Account of England. His Co-
medy of the Wishes was performed in 1761.
"The turn of his genius did not seem greatly adapted to dra-
matic writing, by this specimen.”—Biog. Dramat.
Bentley, Richard, grandson of the celebrated Ri-
chard Bentley, wrote Considerations on the State of Pub-
lic Affairs at the beginning of 1796, Lon., 1796, Svo; ditto,
1798, pub. 1798, 8vo.
Bentley, Thomas, nephew of the celebrated Richard
Bentley, was of Trinity College, Cambridge. He pub. in
1713 an edition of Horace, which was the text of his un-
cle's edition, with reasons for rejecting the old, and sub-
stituting the new, readings. In 1718 he printed an edit.
of Cicero de Finib. et Paradoxa: and in 1741 an edit. of
Callimachus, anon.: erroneously attributed by Davies to
his uncle.
Bentley, William, 1758-1819, a minister in Salem,
Massachusetts, was a native of Boston. He pub. some
Sermons, &c., 1790-1807, and a History of Salem, in the
6th vol. of Historical Collections.
Bently, William, D.D. Sermons, 1735-38, Svo.
Benton, Clark. Statement of Facts and Law, &c.,
Troy, 1804, Evo.
!
Benton, Thomas Hart, 1782-1858, an American
statesman, born at Hillsborough, N. Carolina, educated at
Chapel Hill College, and removed in early life to Ten-
nessee. In 1815 he settled in St. Louis and devoted him-
self to the practice of the law. He soon became a leading
politician, and for thirty years represented the State of
Missouri in the Senate of the U. States. 1. Thirty Years'
View; or, A History of the Working of the American Go-
vernment for Thirty Years, from 1820 to 1850. Vol. i., N.
Y., 1854, Svo; vol. ii., N. Y., 1856, Svo: 65,000 vols. of this
work were sold as soon as published.
2. Examination of the Dred Scott Case, N. York, 1857,
8vo. 3. An Abridgment of the Debates of Congress from
1789 to 1856; from Gales & Seaton's Annals of Con-
Official Reported Debates by John C. Rives, N. Y., 15 vols.
gress; from their Register of Debates; and from the
8vo.
"In this work, even at the advanced age of seventy-six, his daily
labors were almost incredible: it was finally completed down to
the conclusion of the great compromise debate of 1850.-upon hiạ
very death-bed, where he dictated and revised the final portions in
whispers, after he had lost the ability to speak al-ud."—Appleton's
New Amer. Cyc.
..
Col. Benton's eminent talent and reputation as a statesman,
untiring industry, are a sufficient guarantee for the faithful execu
his familiar acquaintance with our parliamentary history, and his
tion of this great undertaking."-llox. EDWARD EVERETT.
Benvras, David, a Welsh poet of the 13th century,
other poems: some of these are preserved in the Hengwrt
wrote Encomium Leolini principis Joroverthi Filii, and
Library.
Benwell, John. Con. to Phil. Mag., 1817.
Berard, J. B. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1802, '10, '12.
Berard, Peter. Trans. The Uncle's Will, 1808, Svo.
Berault, Peter. Theolog. works, Lon., 1680-1706.
Berdmore, Samuel. Sermons, 1710, '15, '16, '17.
Berdmore, Samuel, D.D. Specimens of Literary
Resemblance in the Works of Pope, Gray, and other cele-
brated Writers, with Critical Observations, in a Series of
Letters, 1801, Svo.
This volume contains a formidable attack on Dr. Hurd's Marks
of Imitation, and we believe that most readers will deem it suc
cessful. . . . In a strain of lively and ingenious raillery he has de
to Augustus. in the 3d Georgic, and he has shown that the disco-
tected the sources of Dr. Hurd's explanation of Virgil's invocation
very of which that learned critic assumed the merit, was nothing
more than an obvious interpretation of the poet's words, which had
been previously given by different commentators."—Lon. Monthly
Review.
Berdmore, Thomas. Treatise on the Teeth, Lon.,
1768, Svo.
Berdoe, Marmaduke, M.D. Med. works, Bath and
Lon., 1771-73, 8vo.
Bere, Thomas. Controversy between Mrs. Hannah
More and the Curate of Blagden, 3 pamphlets, 1801-6.
Bently, Samuel. Poems, Lon., 1768-74, 8vo.
Bently, Thomas. Monvment of Matrones, contain-the
taining seuen seuerall Lamps of Virginitie, or distinct
Treatises; whereof the first fiue concerne Praier and Me-
ditation, the other two last, Precepts and Examples, as
the woorthie works, partlie of Men, partlie of Women;
printed by H. Denham, Lon., 1582, 3 vols. 4to. Another
edition sine anno. Each of these Lamps has a distinct
title-page. The first three Lamps form the 1st vol.: the
fourth Lamp alone the 2d vol.; and the remaining three
Lamps compose the 3d rol. The only perfect copy known
was sold (Inglis Catalogue, 156) for £15.
Bently, Thomas. Five Letters to them that seek
Peace with God, 1774, Svo. Reason and Revelation; or,
a Brief Answer to Paine's Age of Reason, Lon., 1794. Svo.
Bently, William. Hallifax and its Gibbet-Law placed
in a true Light, &c., Lon.. 1708. Written by Dr. Saml.
Midgley; pub. after his death by Bennet, who affixed his
name to it as the author.
Berenger, Richard, d. 1782, aged 62, for many
years Gentleman of the Horse to George III., nephew of
Lord Cobham and Lady Lyttelton, was a gentleman of
considerable literary talent. Dr. Johnson named him as
standard of true elegance. He was the author of three
"excellent papers" in The World, Nos. 79, 156, and 202;
and some of his poems, "written with great ease and ele-
gance, are in Dodsley's Collection. He pub., in 1771,
The History and Art of Horsemanship: from the French
of Mons. Bourgelat, 1754, 4to; Lon., 1771, 2 vols. 4to.
"
for Berenger was there, and was all himself. all chivalry, blank
"I dined the other day at Mrs. Boscawen's, very pleasantly,
verse, and anecdote. He told us some curious stories of Pope, with
whom he used to spend the summer at his uncle's, Lord Cob-
ham."-HANNAH MORE.
Berens, Edward. Theolog. works, Lon., 1822, etc.
Bereny. New Torch to the Latin Tongue, 1670, Svo.
Beresford. Marriage with Miss Hamilton, 1782, 8vo.
Beresford, Benj. Trans. from the German of poeti-
cal pieces, with the original Music, &c., 1797, &c.
Beresford, James, 1764-1840. Sermons, &c., Lon.,
1809–15. The Miseries of Human Life; or, The Last
Groans of Timothy Testy and Samuel Sensitive; with a
few Supplementary Sighs from Mrs. Testy, &c., Lon.,
1806–07, 2 vols. Svo,
“A second volume of Miseries! Can flesh and blood bear it?
Yes! gentle reader, indeed, you must, and be wonderfully de
lighted to find that, by a little cookery and contrivance, a man
may be brought to laugh at himself for presuming to be ruffled
by the little cross accidents of life."--Lom. Monthly Review.
-
""
This is one of the few books of facetia which have sur-
vived their half-century. The Groans of Timothy Testy and
Samuel Sensitive still excite the mirth of the evening cir-
cle, and add-if not to the "harmless gayety of nations,'
at least to the hilarity of the drawing-room. Besides a
number of other productions, in addition to the above cited,
Mr. Beresford was author of Bil liosophia, or Book-Wisdom,
1812, 8vo.
173
BER
BER
Beresford, Rt. Hon. John. Speech on his moving 1210, in which the character of Thomas à Becket is vindi-
|
the 6th Article of the Union, in H. Commons in Ireland, cated from the attacks of George, Lord Lyttleton, Birm..
1800, Svo.
1790, 4to.
Beresford, John George, Lord Abp. of Armagh.
Sermon on Charity Schools.
Berg, Joseph Frederick, D.D., a voluminous con-
troversial writer, b. 1812, at Grace Hill, island of Antigua,
where his parents were missionaries in the service of the
Moravian Church, came to the United States in 1825 and
was ordained by the Synod of the German Reformed Memoirs of George Panzani, giving an account of his
Church, 1835; Pastor of German Ref. Ch., Phila., 1837-agency in England in the years 1634-35 and '36; traus .
52. 1. Lectures on Romanism, 1840, 12mo; several eds.lated from the Italian original, and now first published,
2. Synopsis of the Theology of Peter Dens; trans. from the etc., Lon., 1793, Svo. This publication gave offence to
Latin, with copious Notes, 1840, 12mo; 5 eds. have been many members of Mr. B.'s Church, and the Rev. Charles
published. 3. Papal Rome, 1841. 4. Series of Pamphlets Plowden, a R. Catholic clergyman, pub. Remarks on Ber-
pub. anon., entitled A Voice from Rome; Rome's Policy |ington's work in 1784, in which Mr. P. questioned the au-
towards the Bible; The Pope and the Presbyterians, 1844: thenticity of Panzani's Memoirs. The Faith of Catholics
many thousands sold. 5. History of the Holy Robe of confirmed by Scripture, and attested by the Fathers of the
Trèves. 6. Oral Controversy with a Catholic Priest, 1843. first five Centuries of the Church, Lon., 1813, Svo. (In
7. Old Paths; or, A Sketch of the Order and Discipline of conjunction with Dr. Kirk.) Mr. Berington thus proved
the Reformed Church before the Reformation, 1845, 12mo. | his loyalty to his Church, though hold enough to condemn
8. Plea for the Divine Law against Murder, 1846. 9. what he esteemed the erroneous views of some of her mem-
Mysteries of the Inquisition and other Secret Societies; bers. An attempt to deceive the Italian populace by pre-
from the French, Phila., 1846, Svo. 10. Reply to Arch-tended miracles, under the French Invasion, was rebuked
bishop Hughes on the Doctrines of Protestantism, 1850; [by our author i his Examination of Events termed Mi-
more than 150,000 copies of this pamphlet have been cir- raculous, as reported in Letters from Italy, Lon., 1796,
culated. 11. Exposé of the Jesuits. 12. The Inquisition. Svo. The work by which Mr. Berington is best known is
13. Church and State, or Romish Influence; a prize essay his Literary History of the Middle Ages; comprehending
for which $100 was awarded by the Amer. Protestant Ass. an Account of the State of Learning from the Close of the
14. Farewell Words to the German Ref. Ch., and a Vindi- Reign of Augustus to its Revival in the Fifteenth Century.
cation of the same, in reply to Dr. J. W. Nevin, 1852. With two Appendices, 1814, 4to. A new edit. of this work,
15. Prophecy and the Times, 1856, 12mo. 16. The Stone with an index, was pub. by D. Bogue, Lon., 1846, 12mo.
and the Image, 1856, 12mo; several edits. 17. Demons "This book has merit. It is a pleasant succession of notices on
and Guardian Angels; being a refutation of Spiritualism, the chief writers of the Continent, from the fall of the Roman em
12mo. 18. The Olive-Branch: a Conservative View of pire downwards. It is written in a clear, popular manner, and it
is everywhere pervaded by a candid spirit.”—Londyn Athenæum.
Slavery, 1857. Many other works and pamphlets.
"We cannot characterize the work before us as very profound,
either in research or in reflections.”—Lon. Quar. Rev.
Berger, J. F., M.D., Con. to Trans. Geol. Soc., 1806,
'11, '14; and to Nic. Jour., 1807.
Berington, Simon. Dissertations on the Mosaical
Account of the Creation, Deluge, Building of Babel, Con-
fusion of Tongues, &c., Lon., 1750, 8vo.
"The production of a Roman Catholic writer, displaying con-
siderable research, though held in little estimation."-LOWNDES.
"In these dissertations, the author combats Infidels and Hutch-
Anti-insonians, La Pluche and Woodward, and Sir Isaac Newton, and
many authors. He discovers a good deal of reading, and a great
respect for revelation; but advances many things that are absurd
in philosophy and weak in religion."-Orme's Bib. Bibl.
Berjeu, John. Assize Sermon, 1775, 4to.
Berkeley, Edward. Mt. Vesuvius; Phil. Trans.
Bergius, John. A Treatise of Pacification between
the Dissenting Churches of Christ, Lon., 1655, Svo.
Beridge, John. Sermon, 1662, 4to.
Berington, Joseph. Miscellaneous Dissertations,
Historical, Critical, and Moral, on the Origin and
quity of Masquerades, Plays, &c., 1751, Svo.
Berington, Joseph, d. 1827, aged 84, an estimable
clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church, and educated
at the College of St. Omer, was a native of Shropshire.
He was an object of public interest, not only from his lite-
rary publications, but as an advocate for some reforms in
the communion to which he was attached. His first work
was A Letter on Materialism, and Hartley's Theory of
the Human Mind, 1776, Svo, (anon.,) followed in 1779 by
Immaterialism Delineated.
"The Letters [of 1776] now before us are written with the best
intention: they have very considerable merit; and will serve, we
hope, as an antidote against the prevalence of a theory which de-
grades man to a mere machine, and which, if pursued, must ter-
minate in absolute Spinozism."-Lon. Monthly Review.
1707.
Berkeley, George, D. D., 1684-1753, Bishop of
Cloyne, in Ireland, was one of the most eminent prelates
and distinguished philosophers since the Reformation.
He was a native of Kilerin, in the county of Kilkenny,
and descended from an English family zealously attached
to the cause of Charles I. He was admitted of Trinity
College, Dublin, at the age of 15, and became a Fellow in
1707. In this year appeared his first publication, Arith-
metica absque Algebra aut Euclide demonstrata.
book was written before he was twenty.
This
Letter to Dr. Fordyce, in answer to his Sermon on the
delusive and persecuting spirit of Popery, 1779, Svo. The "This little piece is so far curious, as it shews his early and
State and Behaviour of English Catholics, from the Refor-strong passion for the mathematics, his admiration of those great
mation till 1780, with a view of their present Wealth, Num-names in philosophy, Locke and Newton, some of whose positions
ber, and Character, &c., 1780, Svo. Address to the Pro-
he afterwards ventured to call in question, and the commencement
testant Dissenters, who have lately petitioned for a repeal
of the Corporation and Test Acts, Lon., 1786, Svo. His-
tory of the Lives of Abelard and Heloisa, comprising a
period of 84 years, from 1079 to 1163; with their genuine
letters, from the Collection of Amboise, Lon., 1784, 4to.
of his application to those more subtle metaphysical studies to
which his genius was particularly adapted.”
"A valuable and accurate work, composed from authentic ma-
terials."-LOWNDES.
"This work is distinguished by industry of investigation, vigou
of conception, vivacity and energy of expression, and. on the fun
damental questions of civil polity, liberality of sentiment. We
know few writers more capable of exhibiting facts with lively
colouring, or of giving animation to his narrative by a free uso
of the dramatic style. The structure of his periods is agreeably
varied, and his dietion is elegant."-Lom. Monthly Review.
In 1709 he established his reputation as a philosopher
by An Essay towards a New Theory of Vision, Dub., 8vo.
"The first attempt that ever was made to distinguish the in-
mediate and natural objects of sight, from the conclusions we have
been accustomed from infancy to draw from them; a distinction
from which the nature of vision hath received great light, and by
countable, have been clearly and distinctly resolved."-Dr. Reid's
which many phænomena in optics, before looked upon as unac-
Inquiry into the Mind.
Reflections, with an Exposition of Roman Catholic
Principles in reference to God and the Country, Lon.,
1787, Svo. Account of the Preser.. State of Roman Catho- It will be observed that this treatise was given to the
lies in Great Britain, Lon., 1757 8vo. On the Depravity world when the philosopher was but 25 years of age. In
of the Nation, with a view to e promotion of Sunday- 1733 he pub. A Vindication of this Theory. Refer to
schools, Lon., 1788, Svr. Tr Rights of Dissenters from Bailey's Review of Berkeley's Theory of Vision, Lon.,
the Established Church, in relation chiefly to Roman 1842. In the next year, 1710, he pub. his celebrated
Catholics, Lon., 1789, 8vo. Communications to the Gen-work, The Principles of Human Knowledge, Dublin, 8vo,
tleman's Magazine, 1787, &c. These were controversial, and in 1713, Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philo-
und in opposition to the views f Bishop Milner. The lonous, &c.
bishop pays Mr. B.'s style a high compliment:
“Mr. J. Berington possesses an enlivening pen, which will not
suffer any subject that it touches to languish, or grow insipid.
Amongst all the periods that have been objected to in his nume-
rous compositions, no one ever objected to a dull period." See
Lon. Gent. Mag., 1828, Pl. 1.
"The object of both pieces is to prove that the commonly re
ceived notion of the existence of matter is false; that sensible
material objects, as they are called, are not external to the mind,
but exist in it, and are nothing more than impressions made upon
it by the immediate act of God, according to certain rules termed
laws of nature, from which. in the ordinary course of his govern
ment, he never deviates; and that the steady adherence of the
Supreme Spirit to these rules is what constitutes the reality o
things to his creatures.”
*
History of the Reign of Henry II., and of Richard and
John his sons, with the events of this period from 1154 to
174
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It will not be expected that we should enter here into
an extended examination of this theory. An isolated ex-
ample, set up as a target for ridicule which all can appre-
ciate and enjoy, is an easy mode of refutation, but not
very philosophical. Lord Byron says
"
When Bishop Berkeley proved there was no matter,
He proved it was no matter what he said.'
Boswell tells us that his "guide, philosopher, and friend,"
referred to this theory, on several occasions:
"After we came out of church, we stood talking for some time
together of Bishop Berkeley's ingenious sophistry to prove the non-
existence of matter, and that every thing in the universe is simply
ideal. 1 observed, that though we were satisfied his doctrine is
not true, it is impossible to refute it. I never shall forget the
alacrity with which Johnson answered, striking his fist with
mighty force against a large stone, till he rebounded from it, 'I
refute it thus.' This was a stout exemplification of the first truths
of Père Bouffier, or the original principles of Reid and of Beattie;
without admitting which we can no more argue in metaphysics,
than we can argue in mathematics without axioms. To me it is
not conceivable how Berkeley can be answered by pure reasoning;
but I know that the nice and difficult task was to have been un-
dertaken by one of the most luminous minds of the present age,
[Edmund Burke,] had not politics turned him from calm philoso-
phy aside.' What an admirable display of subtlety, united with
brilliance, might his contending with Berkeley have afforded us."
Again:
"Being in company with a gentleman who thought fit to main-
tain Dr. Berkeley's ingenious philosophy, that nothing exists but
as perceived by some mind; when the gentleman was going away,
Johnson said to him, 'Pray, sir, don't leave us; for we may per-
haps forget to think of you, and then you will cease to exist.""
On another occasion, the Doctor remarked:
"Berkeley was a profound scholar, as well as a man of fine im-
agination."
Undoubtedly the latter, if his theory was nothing but a
creature of his imagination.
Dr. Beattie remarks that
"If Berkeley's argument be conclusive, it proves that to be false
which every man must necessarily believe. every moment of his
life, to be true, and that to be true which no man since the foun-
dation of the world was ever capable of believing for a single mo-
ment."
This is putting the case strongly. Berkeley was as well
aware of the existence of stones and tables as Dr. Johnson
was. Although he considered his treatises to be contribu-
tions to the cause of revealed truth, some have construed
them very differently.
"These works form the best lessons of skepticism which are to
be found among the ancient or modern philosophers, Bayle not
excepted."-DAVID IIUME.
Even if this were true, the evidence of Revelation does
not stand or fall with the hypothesis of any philosopher.
Dr. Beattie also objects to the skeptical tendency of Berke-
ley's theory. His argument in favour of non-existence
has been reduced to this syllogism:
Whatever is immediately perceived by sense is an idea.
Sensible things are things immediately perceived by sense.
Therefore sensible things are ideas, and consequently exist
only in the mind.
This syllogism has not, the reader will perceive, the im-
pregnability of a mental Gibraltar. The philosopher was
not afraid to submit his proposition to the scrutiny of the
metaphysicians and savants of the day. Mr. Whiston
tells us,
"He published this metaphysic notion, that matter was not a
real thing; nay, that the common opinion of its reality was ground-
less, if not ridiculous. He was pleased to send Dr. Clarke and
myself, each of us, a book. After we had both perused it, I went
to Dr. Clarke, and discoursed with him about it to this effect: that
I, being not a metaphysician, was not able to answer Mr. Berkeley's
subtile premises, though I did not at all believe his absurd conclu-
sion. I therefore desired that he, who was deep in such subtilities,
but did not appear to believe Mr. Berkeley's conclusions, would an-
swer him: which task he declined."-Memoirs of Dr. Clarke.
Addison, many years after this, brought Berkeley and
Clarke together, to give them an opportunity of arguing
the matter out. The result may be anticipated. Berkeley
declared himself not well satisfied with the conduct of
his antagonist on the occasion; who, though he could not
answer, had not candour enough to own himself convinced;"
and doubtless Clarke thought as hard of the non-material-
ist for not acknowledging himself completely beaten out
of his absurd hypothesis. We are here reminded of a still
more lively dispute which our philosopher had with the
celebrated Father Malebranche. Berkeley travelled as tutor
with the son of the Bishop of Clogher. Resident for some
time in Paris, the good tutor, we may presume, was tho-
roughly disgusted with the frivolity and absence of specu-
lative disposition exhibited by the thoughtless Parisians,
who persisted in believing their eyes, and asserting the
positive existence of the champagne and cogniac which
they obstinately enjoyed, whilst Berkeley held himself
ready to prove that there was no such thing as wine and
brandy in the world. At last the good mar, eager for a
hearty round at metaphysical discussion, bethought him-
self of visiting the famous author of the Search after
Truth, which Truth was exactly what Berkeley was pre-
pared to give him. We are told that
"He found this ingenious father in his cell, cooking in a small
pipkin a medicine for a disorder with which he was then troubled,
-inflammation of the lungs. The conversation naturally turned
on our author's system, of which the other had received some
knowledge from a translation just published. But the issue of
this debate proved tragical to poor Malebranche. In the heat of
disputation he raised his voice so high, and gave way so freely to
the natural impetuosity of a man of parts and a Frenchman, that
he brought on himself a violent increase of his disorder, which
carried him off a few days after.”
Mr. De Quincey, in his paper On Murder Considered as
One of The Fine Arts, gives the following amusing version
of this celebrated controversy:
6
"Malebranche, it will give you pleasure to hear, was murdered.
The man who murdered him is well known: it was Bishop Berke
ley. The story is familiar, though hitherto not put in a proper
light. Berkeley when a young man went to Paris, and called on
Père Malebranche. He found him in his cell cooking. Cooks have
ever been a genus irritabile; authors still more so: Malebranche
was both: a dispute arose; the old father, warm already, became
warmer; culinary and metaphysical irritation united to derange
his liver: he took to his bed, and died. Such is the common ver-
sion of the story: So the whole ear of Denmark is abused.' The
fact is, that the matter was hushed up, out of consideration for
Berkeley, who (as Pope remarked) had every virtue under heaven:"
else it was well known that Berkeley, feeling himself nettled by
the waspishness of the old Frenchman, squared at him; a turn-up
was the consequence: Malebranche was floored in the first round;
the conceit was wholly taken out of him; and he would perhaps
have given in; but Berkeley's blood was now up, and he insisted
on the old Frenchman's retracting his doctrine of Occasional
Causes. The vanity of the man was too great for this, and he fell
a sacrifice to the impetuosity of Irish youth, combined with his
own absurd obstinacy."
•
C
In 1712 he pub. Three Sermons in favour of Passive
Obedience and Non-resistance, on Rom. xiii. 2, 8vo, 3 edi-
tions. This doctrine did not recommend him to the new
House of Hanover on the death of Queen Anne. In 1713
he visited London, where he became acquainted with Swift,
Arbuthnot, Pope, Addison, and Steele. Steele had just
commenced The Guardian, and secured Berkeley's contri-
butions on the easy terms of one guinea and a dinner each.
His papers are in defence of Christianity against Collins
and some other thick-headed gentlemen of the day. In
November, 1713, he accompanied the Earl of Peterborough's
embassy to Sicily in the quality of chaplain and secretary.
Whilst absent he became senior Fellow of his college, and
in 1717 was created D.D. by diploma. He returned to
England in 1714, and was attacked by a fever, for which
Arbuthnot prescribed:
"Poor philosopher Berkeley has now the idea of health, which
was very hard to produce in him; for he had an idea of a strange
ducing a contrary one."-Arbuthnot to Swift.
fever on him so strong, that it was very hard to destroy it by pro-
he accepted an offer to travel on the continent with Mr.
Despairing of preferment under the new government,
Ashe, son of the Bishop of Clogher. They were absent
for four years, and returned to London in 1721, in which
year he pub. An Essay towards preventing the Ruin of
the Nation, in reference to the wild speculations engen-
dered by the South Sea Scheme. In 1718 Mrs. Vanhom-
righ (Swift's Vanessa) left Berkeley, as one of her execu-
tors, the sum of £4000, and to the other, Judge Marshall,
the same amount; no doubt to the great disgust of Dean
Swift. In 1724 Berkeley was promoted to the Deanery of
Derry, with £1100 per annum, and resigned his Fellow-
ship. In 1725 he pub. A Proposal for Converting the
savage Americans to Christianity. To effect this purpose
he was anxious to establish a college in the Bermudas,
and exerted himself with so much diligence, that for this
object he procured a parliamentary grant of £10,000,
and
several large private subscriptions. The queen offered
him an early Bishopric if he would remain in England,
but Berkeley declared that he should prefer the headsbip
of St. Paul's College at Bermudas to the primacy of all
England. A charter was granted for the erection of a col-
lege, to consist of a president and nine fellows, who were
under the obligation to maintain and educate Indian
scholars, at the rate of £10 per annum for each. Three
junior fellows of Trinity College agreed to accompany
him, and to relinquish their hopes of preferment at home,
for £40 per annum, and the opportunity of extensive mis
sionary usefulness. Berkeley, now in the tide of apparent
success, gave vent to his feelings in the following ode:
"The muse, disgusted at an age and clime
Barren of every glorious theme,
In distant lands now waits a better time,
Producing subjects worthy fame.
175
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In happy climes, where from the genial sun
And virgin earth such scenes ensue,
The force of art by nature seems outdone,
And fancied beauties by the true,—
In happy climes, the seat of innocence,
Where nature guides, and virtue rules,
Where men shall not impose for truth and sense
The pedantry of courts and schools,—
There shall be sung another golden age,
The rise of empire and of arts,
The good and great inspiring epic rage,
The wisest heads and noblest hearts,
Not such as Europe breeds in her decay,
Such as she bred when fresh and young,
When heavenly flame did animate her clay,
By future poets shall be sung.
Westward the course of empire takes its way;
The four first acts already past,
A fifth shall close the drama with the day:
Time's noblest offspring is the last."
The principal answer to the Analyst was supposed to
have been the production of Dr. Jurin; it was entitled
Philalethes Cantabrigiensis; the bishop answered this by
A Defence of Free-thinking in Mathematics, 1735; and
Philalethes responded in the Minute Mathematician. In
1735, also, appeared Berkeley's Querist, intended to stimu-
late the Irish to develop the resources of their own coun-
try. His Discourse addressed to Magistrates, occasioned
by the enormous license and irreligion of the times, ap-
peared in 1736; Maxims Concerning Patriotism in 1750,
and Measure of Civil Submission in 1784, (posthumous.)
We class these tracts together, as they are of the same
character. Having been benefited by the use of tar-water
during an attack of nervous colic, his active philanthropy
induced him to give to the world in 1774, Siris, a Chain
of Philosophical Reflections and Inquiries respecting the
virtues of Tar-Water in the Plague, Svo; enlarged and
pub-improved, 1747, 8vo. In French, Amst., 1745, 12mo. Far-
ther Thoughts on Tar-Water, 1752, Svo. Many publica-
tions on both sides of the question followed the bishop's
work. We shall refer to it again before we close this
article. The good man's health was now very infirm, and
he longed-as we all promise ourselves to do-to spend
some time in retirement from the world before he should
"go hence to be no more seen." With this object, he
begged leave to resign his bishopric, or exchange it for a
canonry at Oxford. The king however declared that Dr.
Berkeley should "die a bishop in spite of himself," but he
had full permission to reside wherever he might think
proper. He accordingly removed to Oxford, letting the
lands of his demesne at a rental of £200, which he di-
rected to be applied to the relief of the poor during his
absence. He was to return no more; he "had finished
his course;" and only a few months after his arrival at
Oxford, one Sunday evening, whilst engaged in devout
discourse with his family on the lesson in the Burial Ser-
vice, he was added to the many confirmations of the solemn
declaration, "In the midst of life, we are in death;" and
without a moment's warning was ushered into the awful
presence of the "
presence of the "Judge of all the earth." In 1776 was
pub. An Account of his Life, with Notes, containing Stric-
tures upon his Works, 8vo. In 1784, his Whole Works,
with an Account of his life, and several of his Letters to
Thomas Prior, Esq., Dean Gervias, and Mr. Pope, &c., by
T. Prior, Esq., 2 vols. 4to. There have been two recent
edits. of his Works, one in 3 vols. 8vo, and another by
Rev. G. N. Wright, in 2 vols. 8vo, pub. in 1843. Mr. W.
gives a trans. of the Latin Essays, [Arithmetica, Miscel-
lanea, Mathematica, and De Motu,] and notes on the In-
troduction to Human Knowledge.
The reader will find in Phil. Trans., 1746, a paper of the
bishop's, On the Petrifaction of Lough Neagh in Ireland.
The character of this exemplary divine requires no
eulogy at our hands; his contemporaries so well appreci-
ated his virtues whilst living, that extracts from their
commendation sound like transcripts from the monu-
mental marble.
"So much understanding," says Bishop Atterbury, "so much
innocence, and such humility, I did not think had been the por-
tion of any but angels, till I saw this gentleman."
In 1728 he married Anne, the eldest daughter of Mr.
Forster, speaker of the Irish House of Commons, and im-
mediately after the ceremony he embarked for the western
continent.
Of the dean's arrival in Newport, Rhode Island, we
have an account in the New England Journal, which
lishes a letter from a person from Newport:
"Yesterday arrived here Dean Berkeley, of Londonderry, in a
pretty large ship. He is a gentleman of middle stature, of an
agreeable, pleasant, and erect aspect. He was ushered into the
town with a great number of gentlemen, to whom he behaved
himself after a very complaisant manner. 'Tis said he proposes
to tarry, with his family, about three months.”
In Peterson's History of Rhode Island we are told that
the pilot brought to Newport a letter from Berkeley to the
clergyman, Mr. Honyman, and a statement that a great
dignitary of the Church of England, called a Dean, was
on board the vessel, and that the letter was handed to Mr.
Honyman, who was in the pulpit. He read it to the
audience, and as it appeared that the dean might land
at any moment, the congregation was dismissed forthwith,
and all, clergyman, vestrymen, wardens, male and female,
hurried down to the wharf to receive the great man with
their benedictions and welcome. At Rhode Island Berke-
ley resided for nearly two years, preaching every Sunday
at Newport when there, and diligently performing pastoral
duty among the people. He waited in vain for a remit-
tance of the promised funds to establish his college in
what might be deemed a suitable location, but no money
came. At last Bishop Gibson, at that time Bishop of
London, (in whose diocese all the West Indies are in-
cluded,) called upon Sir Robert Walpole, and begged to
know whether the money would be forthcoming or not.
"If you put this question to me as a minister," replied
Sir Robert, "I must and can assure you, that the money
shall most undoubtedly be paid as soon as suits with pub-
lic convenience; but if you ask me as a friend whether
Dean Berkeley should continue in America, expecting the
payment of £10,000, I advise him by all means to return
nome to Europe, and to give up his present expectations."
The advice of the miserable time-server, the Great Cor-
rupter, was taken, and the good dean returned home.
On the great day of account we would not bear Walpole's
responsibility for worlds! To Yale College Berkeley pre-
sented 880 volumes; to Harvard Library valuable dona-
tions of Greek and Latin Classics, and his Whitehall es-
tote of 100 acres to Yale and Harvard Colleges, for three
scholarships in Latin and Greek. This endowment has
become very valuable. The sojourner at the beautiful
town of Newport will find inscribed on the organ in the
venerable "Trinity Church" the inscription, "The gift of
Bishop Berkeley."
In 1732 our author pub. A Sermon on John xviii. 3, and
Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher, Lon., 8vo. This
work, which is a defence of religion against the systems
of the atheist, fatalist, and skeptic, in the form of a dia-
logue, on the model of Plato, was written in hours of lei-
sure, whilst at Newport. Dr. Sherlock, afterwards Bishop
of London, carried the work to Queen Caroline, whose ad-
miration of the author was still further increased, and she
procured for him the Bishopric of Cloyne, to which he was
consecrated in May, 1734. The Earl of Chesterfield offered
him the see of Clogher, which was double the value of
that of Cloyne, and fines to the amount of £10,000 were
then due; but the bishop declined the proffer, remarking
to Mrs. Berkeley,
>
"I desire to add one more to the list of churchmen who are
evidently dead to ambition and avarice.”
Mathematician, Lon., 1735, 8vo. This was addressed to
Dr. Halley, with a view of
"Showing that Mysteries in Faith were unjustly objected to by
mathematicians, who admitted much greater mysteries, and even
falsehoods, in science, of which he endeavoured to prove that the
doctrine of fluxions furnished an eminent example." See Cup-
ningham's Biog. Dict.; Biog. Brit.
He had not been long stationed at Cloyne before he
pub The Analyst, or a Discourse addressed to an Infidel
176
to present Mr. Berkeley, one of your Fellows of Dublin College, te
"I went to court to-day," writes Swift to Stella. "on purpose
Lord Berkeley of Stratton. That Mr. Berkeley is a very ingenious
man, and a great philosopher; and I have mentioned him to all
the ministers, and have given them some of his writings, and I
in honour and conscience, to use all my little credit towards help
will favour him as much as I can. This I think I am bound to,
ing forward men of worth in the world.”—April 12, 1713.
respecting Berkeley's Bermudas project, will be found in
A long and interesting letter of Swift's to Lord Carteret
Spence's Anecdotes, p. 252.
Lord Bathurst told Dr. Warton,
"That all the members of the Scriblerus Club being met at his
house at dinner, they agreed to rally Berkeley, who was also his
guest, on his scheme at Bermudas. Berkeley, having listened to
all the lively things they had to say, begged to be heard in his
turn; and displayed his plan with such an astonishing and ani-
mated force of eloquence and enthusiasm, that they were struck
dumb, and after some pause rose up all together with earnestness
exclaiming, 'Let us all set out with him immediately.'"
"This plan, as well as the author of it, was pronounced to be
whimsical by the downright and sarcastic Doctor Douglass, in bis
Historical and Political Summary; and he treats this excellent
man with some degree of severity, and principally, I apprehend,
because the bishop, in his Treatise on Tar-Water, had ventured
BER
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without license to enter the precincts of the learned doctor's pro- | pursults which they had never before acquired in England.”
tession."-CHANCELLOR KENT.
DUGALD STEWART: 1st Prelim. Diss. to Encyc. Brit.
His influence with Pope, who ascribed "To Berkeley "Ancient learning, exact science, polished society, modern lite
every virtue under heaven," was so great that the eulo-rature, and the fine arts, contributed to adorn and enrich the
mind of this accomplished man. All his contemporaries agreed
gist tells us, "In the Moral Poem, I had written an ad-
with the satirist in ascribing
dress to our Saviour, imitated from Lucretius's compli-
ment to Epicurus: but omitted it, by the advice of Dean
Berkeley."
'To Berkeley every virtue under heaven.'
"Dean Berkeley used to apply Horace's description of the Fortu-
nate Island [Epod. xvi. 41 to 63] to Bermudas, and his scheme of
going thither; and was so fond of this Epode on that account, that
he got Mr. Pope to translate it into English, and I have seen the
translation."—R. A. in Spence's Anecdotes.
The influence of Berkeley's writings in defence of Reve-
lation was most happy:
Adverse factions and hostile wits concurred only in loving, ad-
miring, and contributing to advance him. The severe sense of
Swift endured his visions; the modest Addison endeavoured to
reconcile Clarke to his ambitious speculations. His character con-
verted the satire of Pope into fervid praise. Even the discerning,
fastidious, and turbulent Atterbury said, after an interview with
him, 'So much understanding, so much knowledge, so much in-
nocence, and such humility, I did not think had been the portion
of any but angels, till I saw this gentleman.'. . . Of the exquisite
grace and beauty of his diction, no man accustomed to English
composition can need to be informed. His works are, beyond dis-
pute, the finest models of philosophical style since Cicero. Per-
haps they surpass those of the orator, in the wonderful art by
which the fullest light is thrown on the most minute and evanes
cent parts of the most subtile of human conceptions. Perhaps he
also surpassed Cicero in the charm of simplicity.”—SIR JAMES
MACKINTOSH: 2d Prelim. Dissert. Encyc. Brit.
"Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher, written with an inten-
tion to expose the weakness of infidelity and skepticism, is per-
haps the most ingenious and excellent performance of the kind in
the English tongue.”—Boswell on Study.
This, like all hyperbolical praise, is in bad taste. It is
folly to say that any one composition on any subject is the
"most ingenious and excellent in the language;" one may
as well specify, as some thoughtless people do, the hand-
somest woman, or the most polite man, or the most erudite
scholar; such expressions of opinion are insulting to those
present, and of but little value to the absent; for persons
whose good opinions are to be coveted avoid such shocking
absurdities.
It has been well said,
"In whatever estimation the philosophical opinions of Bishop
Berkeley may be held by the metaphysicians of the present day,
it will be admitted by all who are conversant with his writings,
that he was a profound scholar, eminently skilled in logic and
physiology, and deeply read in the ancient systems of these
sciences. He has a higher claim than this to the veneration of pos-
terity. He was a singularly good man, in whom a warm benevo
lence to his fellow-creatures, and a zealous piety to God, were not
merely the enthusiasms of his heart, but the presiding rule of
his life."
Even when engaged upon objects not directly in the line
of his profession, the good bishop "each fond endear-
'each fond endear-
ment tries" to raise the minds of his readers to the exalted
hopes and consolations connected with a brighter sphere
and a higher state of being. Dr. Warton's comment upon
Siris is worth quoting in this connexion:
看好
​Many a vulgar critic has sneered at Berkeley's Siris, for begin-
ning at Tar, and ending with the Trinity: incapable of observing
the great art with which the transitions in that book are finely
made, where each paragraph depends upon and arises out of the
preceding, and gradually and imperceptibly leads on the reader
from common objects to more remote, from natter to spirit,
from earth to Heaven."
Dr. Drake is equally enthusiastic in his admiration of
the good bishop:
"It may be said of Berkeley, without exaggeration. that in point
of virtue and benevolence, no one of the sons of men has exceeded
him. Whether we consider his public or his private life. we pause
in admiration of efforts uncommonly exalted, disinterested, and
pure. He was alike an object of enthusiastic love and admiration
Berkeley, George, 1733-1795, son of the preced-
to extensive societies and to familiar friends.... His knowledge ing, was admitted of Christ Church, Oxford, at the age of
was of great compass, and extended to all the useful arts and oc- nineteen. He entered into holy orders, and held several
cupations of life, of which it has been said, that there is scarcely preferments-Prebendary of Canterbury, &c.,-at the
one, liberal or mechanic, of which he knew not more than the
ordinary practitioner."-Essays, vol. iii.; and see Blackwood's Me time of his death. In 1785 he pub. two Sermons respect-
ordinary practitioner-Essays, vol. iii.; and see Blackwood's Meing the Stuarts and their adherents, 1785–89; and a Ser-
moirs of the Court of Augustus, vol. ii.
mon on Good Friday, 1787.
A valuable Review of Siris will be found in the Retro-
spective Review, vol. xi. 239. This periodical, now, alas!
very scarce and expensive, should be purchased by the
lover of Old English Literature, whenever the chance may
present itself.
"Tar-Water rose into general esteem as a medicine, soon after
Berkeley's book made its appearance. Its virtues as a tonic will
probably be admitted at present, [1825:] but it was at that time
considered by many persons, and our author was the most zealous
amongst them, not merely as a cure for almost every disorder in-
cident to the human frame, but as a sure conservative of health,
and a guard against infection and old age.”—Retrosp. Review.
For a paper on Berkeley and Idealism, and a notice of
Bailey's Review of Berkeley's Theory of Vision, see Black-
wood's Magazine, vol. li. $12.
"The doctrines of Berkeley, incomplete as they appear when
viewed as the isolated tenets of an individual, and short as they
no doubt fell, in his hands, of their proper and ultimate expres-
sion, acquire a fuller and profounder significance when studied in
connection with the speculations which have since followed in
their train."
In the life and in the death of Berkeley and Swift there
was just that contrast which aims so widely at variance
would lead us to expect. The one amidst labours and
self-sacrifice passed his days in tranquillity, and, his last
years solaced by
"That which should accompany old age.
The value of the commendation subjoined is too well
known to require any thing but the names of the critics:
"Possessing a mind which, however inferior to that of Locke in
depth of reflection and in soundness of judgment, was fully its
equal in logical acuteness and invention, and in learning, fancy,
and taste far its superior. Berkeley was singularly fitted to pro-
mote that reunion of Philosophy and of the Fine Arts which is so
essential to the prosperity of both. With these intellectual
and moral endowments, admired and blazoned as they were by the
most distinguished wits of his age, it is not surprising that Berke
ey should have given a popularity and fashion to metaphysical
As honour. love, obedience, troops of friends"-
whilst engaged in enforcing those truths which his own
life had exemplified, exchanged confiding hope for joyful
fruition in the vision of the Almighty.”
fruition in "the vision of the Almighty." The other,
tempest-driven by the storms of passion, the victim of
blighted projects and disappointed schemes, at war with
his race and with himself, only exchanged insane ravings
for idiotic imbecility, and sank into an unhonoured grave,
a mournful beacon to all who "set their affections upon
the earth," and content themselves with genius unsancti-
fied by heavenly wisdom. Young man! to whom God
hath granted mental capacity and intellectual wealth, look
first upon that picture, then on this, and say which shall be
the object of thy ambition, JONATHAN SWIFT, or GEORGE
BERKELEY?
"As an author we readily allow that merit in Mr. Berkeley to
which we cannot so freely subscribe when we consider him as a
statesman or politician. This nation never did, and. we apprehend,
never can, prosper under the influence of Tory principles of govern-
ment.”—Lon. Monthly Review.
His widow pub, a volume of his Sermons in 1799. This
lady, who was a frequent contributor to that invaluable
periodical, the Gentleman's Magazine, also pub. in 1797
a volume of poems (with a preface of her own) written by
her son, George Monck Berkeley. (See below.)
Fitzhardinge, son of the fifth Earl of Berkeley, born
Berkeley, Hon. George Charles Grantley
1800, was M.P. for Gloucestershire West from 1832 to
'52. Author of Berkeley Castle, a Novel, London, 1836,
3 vols. Svo, which was so severely reviewed by Dr. Maginn,
in Fraser's Magazine for August, 1836, that it led to a
duel between author and critic, in which three shots were
exchanged. Mr. Grantley Berkeley subsequently pub-
lished another novel, Sandron Hall, 3 vols. p. Svo, and a
pamphlet upon Field-Sports and Poaching.
In
Berkeley, George Monck, son of the preceding,
author of the volume of Poems mentioned above, made
some other contributions to the cause of literature.
1789 he pub. Literary Relies, containing original Letters
from King Charles II., King James II., the Queen of Bo.
hemia, Swift, Berkeley, Addison, Steele, Congreve, the
Duke of Ormond, and Bishop Rundle; to which is pre-
fixed an Inquiry into the Life of Dean Swift, Svo.
"The temper of mind with which Mr. Berkeley enters on his iu-
quiry, and its unfavourable tendency to promote truth, will be
seen by every one who attends to his treatment of Lord Orrery.
His lordship is not only denied all kind of literary merit, but bis
name is coupled with the most reproachful epithets; we read of
the yelps of Lord Orrery,' and 'the howl of Lord Orrery:* Lord
Orrery is a common sewer and a monster,' who, though he had
not even the courage of an ass to insult the dying lion, yet, mon-
ster-like, preyed upon the carcase.”—Lon. Monthly Review.
.
Berkeley, George, Earl of, d. 1698, aged 71, de-
scended in a direct line from Robert Fitzharding, of the
royal house of Denmark, was noted for his exemplary
piety and conciliating manners. From this latter charac-
teristic Wycherley was induced to chronicle him as Lord
12
177
BER
BER
Plausible, in the Plain Dealer. His lordship was author'
of an excellen: book entitled Historical Applications, and
occasional Meditations upon several subjects, Lon., 1670,
12mo; 3d edit., 1680. His lordship also pub. A Speech
to the Levant Company at their Annual Election, 1680.
He gave to the Library of Sion College a valuable collec-
tion of books, formed by Sir Robert Coke.
"The Historical Application serves to confirm the account of
his lordship's amiable character which was given by Mr. Fenton;
and though much enriched by selected passages from other wri-
ters, has many valuable sentiments intermingled by the noble
moralist."-Purk's Walpole's R. & N. Authors.
Berkeley, John. Collectanea Historica complexa
ipsius Negotiationem Anni 1647 cum Olivario Cromwel,
Ireton, et aliis Exercitus Præfectis pro Revocatione Ca-
roli I. in Regni Administrationem, Lon., 1699, Svo.
Berkeley, Joshua, D.D. The Difficulties attending
a just Explanation of the Scriptures considered, as they
have arisen from the gradual Progress of revealed Reli-
gion, through a length of time; a Sermon on 2 Tim. ii.
15, 1780, 4to. [Visitation.]
Berkeley, Mary, Countess Dowager of. An
Address to the House of Peers of the United Kingdom,
Lon., 1811, 8vo. On this claim a number of pamphlets
have appeared. See Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual.
Berkeley, Rev. Thomas. Wilderness, or Prolu-
sions in verse, 1811, 12mo.
Berkeley, Sir William, d. 1677, for nearly 40 years
governor of Virginia, was the author of A Discourse and
View of Virginia, pp. 12, 1663, fol.; The Lost Lady; A
Tragi-Comedy, 1639; and (according to the Biog. Dramat.)
a play called Cordelia, 1662, not printed, ascribed to Sir
William Bartley. In Francis Moryson's edit. of the Laws
of Virginia, Lon., 1662, fol., the Preface informs us that
Sir William was the author of the best of them.
Berkenhead, Sir John. See BIRKENHEAD.
Berkenhout, Mrs. Helina. The History of Vic-
toria Mortimer, Lon., 1805, 4 vols. 12mo.
Berkenhout, John, M.D., b. about 1730, d. 1791, a
native of Leeds, rose to the rank of Captain in the Prus-
sian service, then studied medicine, and added the claims
of authorship and diplomacy to his other titles to distinc-
tion. In 1778 he visited Philadelphia, by order of the
English government, to assist in the negotiations with the
American Congress. He has been very foolishly compared
to the "Admirable Crichton." His merits, however, are
undoubtedly great. He pub. many professional, and other,
works, of which we name a few: Clavis Anglica Linguæ
Botanica Linnæi, 1762, 8vo. Pharmacopoeia Medicæ,
1756, 8vo; 3d edit., 1762. Outlines of the Natural His-
tory of Great Britain and Ireland; containing an arrange-
inent of all the animals, vegetables, and fossils, which
have hitherto been discovered in these kingdoms, Lon.,
1767-71, 3 vols. 8vo; reprinted together in 1773; and a
2d edit. in 1788, 2 vols. 8vo, under the title of A Synopsis
of the Natural History of Great Britain, &c. Biographia
Literaria; or a Biographical History of Literature, con-
taining the Lives of English, Scotch, and Irish, Authors,
from the dawn of Letters in these kingdoms to the present
time, chronologically and classically arranged, vol. i.,
Lon., 1777, 4to; this is all that appeared. Vol. i. com-
prehends from the beginning of the 5th to the end of the
16th century. Vols. 2d and 3d were to have been de-
voted to the authors of the 17th century, and vol. iv.
(conclusion) would have taken in the time from 1700 to
inbout 1777.
"The lives are very short, and the author frequently introduces
sentiments hostile to religious establishments and doctrines, which
could not be very acceptable to English readers. The dates and
facts, however, are given with great accuracy; and in many of the
lives he profited by the assistance of George Steevens, Esq., the
celebrated commentator on Shakspeare."
A new edit. of Campbell's Lives of the Admirals, Lon.,
1779, 4to. Symptomatology, Lon., 1784, 8vo. The First
Lines of the Theory and Practice of Philosophical Che-
mistry, Lon., 1778, 8vo, dedicated to Mr. Eden, afterwards
Lord Auckland, whom the doctor accompanied to America.
Letters on Education, to his son at Oxford, 1791, 2 vols.
12mo. The doctor printed Proposals for a History of
Middlesex, including London, 4 vols. fol. The design was
abandoned, and the Proposals not circulated. The doctor
also pub. treatises on Gout, 1772. Lucubrations on Ways
and Means, 1780, and a trans. of Dr. Pomme's Treatise on
Hypochondria, &c., in 1777.
When we reflect on the variety of books that bear his name,
we cannot but be surprised at the extent and variety of the know-
ledge they contain.... An individual so universally informed as
Dr. Berkenhout, is an extraordinary appearance in the republic of
letters." —Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
·
To sum up the doctor's various characters, he was, 1. A
3. An Author. 4. A
Soldier. 2. A Doctor of Medicine.
5. A Mathematician. 6. A Botanist.
Classical Scholar. 5. A Mathematician.
7. A Chemist.
7. A Chemist. S. A Political Economist. 9. A Diploma-
tist. 10. A Poet. 11. A Paintor. 12. A Musician. What
a hydra-headed member of society was Dr. Berkenhout!
Berket, Henry. Poemata, 1645, 4to. Privately
printed.
Berlie, J. James. The Treasury of Drugs unlocked,
or a description of all sorts of Drugs, Lon., 1690.
Bernard, Andrew, an Austin Friar, born at Tou-
louse, was Pocta Laureatus to Henry VII. and Henry
VIII., historiographer, and also preceptor in Grammar, to
Prince Arthur.
Prince Arthur. He wrote some Latin pieces, which are in
MS. in the Cottonian Library; among these are an Address
to Henry VIII., a Chronicle of the Life and Achievements
of Henry VII. to the taking of Perkin Warbeck, and other
historical commentaries on the reign of that king.
"I am of opinion that it was not customary for the royal laure-
ate to write in English, till the reformation of religion had begun
to diminish the veneration for the Latin language; or rather, till
the love of novelty, and a better sense of things, had banished
the narrow pedantries of monastic erudition, and taught us to
cultivate our native tongue."-Warton's History of English Poetry,
vol. ii.
Bernard, Charles. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1696.
Bernard, Chris. Letter to the Netherlands, Oxon.,
1655, fol.
Present State of Surgery, Lon.,
Bernard, Edward, D.D., 1638-1696, an eminent
critic, astronomer, and linguist, was a native of North-
amptonshire. In 1655 he was elected scholar of St.
John's College, Oxford, of which he was subsequently a
Fellow. He visited Holland three times in the course of
his learned investigations. In the praiseworthy effort
made at Oxford in 1670 to collect and publish the works
of the ancient mathematicians, Bernard took an active
part. He compiled a valuable synopsis of the authors se-
lected for publication, which compilation will be found in
Dr. Thomas Smith's Life of Bernard. It is to be regretted
that the plan was not carried out with the same zeal which
first suggested it. He drew up a very complete Index to the
Catalogus Manuscriptorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ, Oxon.,
1697, fol. In this Index he specifies many valuable Greek
MSS. in several foreign libraries, as well as those at home.
In 1673 he succeeded Christopher Wren, to whom he had
been deputy since 1669, as Savilian Professor of Astro-
nomy at Oxford. His contributions to the works of his
learned contemporaries were numerous. For a list, see
Watt's Bib. Brit. Dr. Smith mentions one admirable trait
in his character, which we desire in our present literary
undertaking to profit by:
Bernard, Chris.
1703, 4to.
"He was a candid judge of other men's performances; not toc
censorious even on trifling books, if they contained nothing con-
trary to good manners, virtue, or religion; and to those which dis
played wit, learning, or good sense, none gave more ready and
ample praise."—Life of Bernard.
We would fain make our Index Expurgatorius as small
motto of our illustrious predecessors of the Edinburgh
as possible, yet at our own hazard must we remember the
Review-the only line of Publius Syrius according to Syd-
motto of our illustrious of the Edinburgh
ney Smith, with which the critics were acquainted:
>>
"JNDEX DAMNATUR CUM NOCENS ABSolvitur.
Many books from Dr. Bernard's Library were purchased
for the Bodleian Library by the agency of Humphrey
Wanley.
"The addition made to the Bodleian from Dr. Bernard's study
was of the greatest importance, and contained many of the most
valuable books, both printed and MSS., now in the library." Sve
Wanley's interesting memoranda in Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.,
vol. iv. 707.
"He was a person admirably well read in all kinds of ancient
learning, in Astronomy and Mathematics, a curious Critic, an ex-
cellent Grecian, Latinist, Chronologer, and Orientalian."-Woo1.
Bernard, Sir Francis, Bart., d. 1779, Governor,
first, of New Jersey, and afterwards of Massachusetts, pub.
Letters to the Earl of Hillsborough, and Letters to the
Ministry, Lon., 1769, Svo. Select Letters on the Trade
and Government of America, &c., 1774, 8vo. Some of his
Greek and Latin Poems were pub. in the Pietas and Gra-
tulatio, Camb.. 1761.
Bernard, H. H. Guide to the Hebrew Biblical Stu-
dent, Lon., 8vo. The Main Principles of the Creed, and
Ethics of the Jews, &c., Camb., 1832, Svo.
"Besides communicating to the English reader the sentiments,
traditions, and sayings of the ancient rabbins quoted by Maimo
nides, the volume will materially contribute to supply the Biblical
student with the means, at present scarcely within his reach, of
acquiring an accurate knowledge of rabbinical Hebrew."-Horne's
Introduction.
178
BER
BER
See Brit.Crit., April 1833; and Christian Remembrancer,
vol. xiv., 1832.
Bernard, John. Oratio de vera Anima Tranquili-
tate, Londini, 1568, 4to. Trans. by Anth. Marten, Lon.,
1570, 8vo.
Bernard, John. The Independant's Catechism, Lon.,
1645, 8vo.
Bernard, John. Retrospections of the Stage, 1830.
Bernard, John Peter, assisted Birch, Lockman,
Sale, and others in the compilation of the General Dic-
tionary, Historical and Critical, [including Bayle's,] 1734-
41, 10 vols. fol.
Bernard, Nathaniel. Sermon, Oxon., 1643, 4to.
Bernard, Nicholas, D.D., d. 1661, was educated at
the University of Cambridge. By the interest of Arch-
bishop Usher he was promoted to the Deanery of Ardagh.
A Sermon preached at the Burial of John Atherton, last
Bishop of Waterford, Lon., 1641, 4to. The publication
of this sermon gave much offence. The Whole Proceed-
ings of the Siege of Drogheda, Lon., 1642, 4to; Dubl.,
1736. A Dialogue between Paul and Agrippa, Lon., 1642,
4to. The Life and Death of Archbishop Usher, in a ser-
mon preached at his Funeral, Lon., 1656, 12mo; after-
wards enlarged. The Judgment of Archbp. Usher on the
Extent of Christ's Death and Satisfaction, on the Sabbath,
and Observance of the Lord's Day, Lon., 1657, Svo. This
treatise was noticed by Dr. Peter Heylyn in Respondent
Petrus, &c., 1658, 4to. Devotions of the Ancient Church,
in seven pious prayers, Lon., 1660, Svo. Clavi Trabales,
&c., Lon., 1661, 4to, and some other publications.
"Archbishop Usher, having daily opportunities of taking notice
of the parts, and the solidity of learning and judgment of Mr.
Bernard, employed him in making collections for some works he
was then meditating, and more particularly for the Antiquities of
the British Churches, which did not appear in public till the year
1639."-Biog. Brit.
Bernard, Richard, b. 1566, or 1567, d. 1641, an emi-
nent Puritan divine, was educated at Christ's College, Cam-
bridge. Terence's Comedies trans. into English, 1598, 4to;
often reprinted; the first trans. into English of the whole
of Terence. Plain Evidence that the Church of England
is Apostolical, and the separation schismatical, 1610, 4to.
A Key for opening the Mysteries of the Revelation of St.
John, Lon., 1617, 4to. The Fabulous Foundation of the
Popedom, showing that St. Peter was never at Rome, Oxf.,
1619, 4to. Faithful Shepherd, 1607, 4to. Looke beyond
Luther, Lon., 1623, 4to. He pub. several other pieces
against the Church of Rome. A Guide to Grand Jury-
men with respect to Witches, Lon., 1627, 12mo. This part
of the country, according to Granville, was much infected
with Witches. The Isle of Man, or legal proceedings in
Man-shire against Sin, Lon., 1627, Svo. The work reached
its 10th edit. in 1635! Some suppose it to have been the
germ of Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, and Holy War. We
shall refer to this subject under BUNYAN. The Bible
Battels, or the Sacred Art Military, Lon., 1629, 12mo.
Thesaurus Biblicus sive Promptuarium Sacrum, Londini,
4to, with portrait by Hollar, Lon., 1661, fol.; enlarged
edit., 1664. Ruth's Recompense, &c., Lon., 1628, 4to, and
other works.
the Lord Bishop of Durham on the Measures under consi-
deration of Parliament for promoting Industry and the
The New School; being
Relief of the Poor, 1807, 8vo.
an attempt to illustrate its Principles and Advantages, 3d
edit., 1810, 8vo. The Barrington School; being an Illus-
tration of the Principles, Practices, and Effects of the Sys
tem of Instruction, in facilitating the Religious and Mora
Instruction of the Poor, 1812, 8vo. An Account of the
supply of Fish for the Manufacturing Poor, 1813, 8vo
On the Supply of Employment and Subsistence for the
Labouring Classes in Fisheries, Manufactures, and Culti-
vation of Waste Land, &c., 1816. This good man also
wrote Spurinna, or the Comforts of Old Age; with Notes
and Biographical Illustrations, 1816, 8vo. The author had
taken the most certain means of securing the Comforts of
Old Age, by devoting his days of strength and activity to
the good of his fellow-man, and the honour of his God.
With the view of inducing others to seek true happiness
in the unfailing source from which he had long drawn his
own consolations, he pub. in 1806, An Historical View of
Christianity, containing Select Passages from Scripture,
with a Commentary by Edward Gibbon, Esq., and Notes
by Lord Viscount Bolingbroke, M. de Voltaire, and others.
"The intention of the editor of this singular publication is tc
prove the authenticity of Divine revelation from the testimony of
its bitterest enemies. It is a very ingenious method of turning
the weapons of unbelievers against themselves."-LowNDES.
He was connected with Dr. Dibdin in the publication of
the Director, 2 vols., 1807, Svo, a weekly periodical, in which
notices of the Lectures delivered at the Royal Institution,
and the Pictures exhibited at the Bristol Gallery, occupy
a prominent place. His friend and coadjutor bears testi-
mony to the excellence of the subject of our memoir.
"Sir Thomas Bernard did much and great good as a philanthro-
pist. . . . He resolved to devote the approaching autumn of his
life to objects of real practical utility, and he made BETTERING THE
CONDITION OF THE POOR one of those most essential objects. How-
ard explored dungeons, Sir Thomas visited drawing-rooms, to lay
them under contribution for the support of his avowed darling
object. In short, benevolence may be said to have become fashion-
able under his influence. Great efforts, on all sides, were made,
and societies and establishments out of number sprung up to bless
our victuals with increase and to satisfy our poor with bread."-
Didin's Leminiscences.
8
Bernard, William Bayle, b. 1808, at Boston: he
prepared for the press his father's Recollections of the
Stage," and was the author of many popular plays, the
best-known of which are: The Nervous Man and the Man
of Nerve; Irish Attorney: The Mummy; His Last Legs;
Dumb Belle; The Boarding-School; Round of Wrong;
Life's Trials. &c.
..
Bernardi, Major John, 1657-1736, an English offi-
cer, descended from an ancient family which had flourished
at Lucca, Italy, from the year 1097, was a zealous adhe..
rent of James II. In 1696 he was imprisoned as accom-
plice in the plot for assassinating King William. There
was no proof against him, yet six successive parliaments
(under four sovereigns) passed acts to detain him and five
others in prison. He died in Newgate, after a confine-
ment of nearly forty years. He wrote an account of his
Life, Lon., 1725, Svo. See Biog. Brit.
Bernays, Leopold J. Goethe's Faust, part ii. A
trans., partly in the Metres of the Original, and partly in
Prose, of Part ii. of Goethe's Faust; with other Poems,
demy Sro.
Bernard, Samuel, Jr. The Essence, Spirituality,
and Glorious Issue of the Religion of Christ; to all God's
chosen exhibited in Remarks on the "Verily, Verily," as
used by our Lord in many parts of Scripture, 1807, 12mo.
Bernard, Thos. Advantages of Learning, 1736, Svo.
Bernard, Sir Thomas, 1750-1818, son of Sir Francis
Bernard, (see ante,) was educated at Harvard College, New
England. He practised for a few years as conveyancer,
but retiring from business, devoted his life to the benefit Berners, John Bourchier, Lord, d. 1532, aged
of the public. The improvement of the physical and reli- 63, a descendant of Edward III.. Chancellor of the Ex-
gious condition of the poor, and the literary and scientific chequer under Henry VIII., and Deputy-General of Calais
advancement of the wealthier classes of society equally en- and its Marches, is best known as a translator of the
listed the zeal and called forth the energies of this truly grand old Chronicle of Froissart. Froissart, a canon of
amiable man. The chimney-sweeper of St. Giles felt the two churches, was a resident of England, as Secretary to
ameliorating influence of his benevolent interposition, and the Queen of Edward III., from 1361 to 1366. In 1295
Sir Humphry Davy won undying laurels on the stage of he paid another visit to England. His Chronicle-which
the Royal Institution, which Sir Francis Bernard con- is one of the most enchanting pictures or picture-galleries
tributed to found. The Free Chapel in St. Giles, the ever devised by the wit and drawn by the pen of man
British Institution, and the Hospital for Foundlings, bear-depicts the campaign of Edward III. upon the Conti-
witness to the noble philanthropy of a man who had prac-nent, and contemporaneous events in the principal coun-
tically learned the lesson that "none of us liveth to him- tries of Europe. In the formation of his history Froissart
self." In the establishment of the Royal Institution, he employed 40 years. That amiable enthusiast, Dr. Dibdin,
had the active co-operation of Count Rumford.
See an thus commends this author:
interesting account of the first lectures at this Institution,
in Dibdin's Reminiscences, vol. i.
Sir Thomas pub. a number of works on the objects which
en grossed his care; among them, are Observations relating
to the Liberty of the Press, Lon., 1793, Svo. Letter to
Mr. Bernays. an idolater of the poet. has rendered his extraor
dinary production partly into prose and partly into the original
metres in both he has displayed a knowledge of his principal,
and a command of the two languages.”—Lon. Library Gazette.
"Mr. Bernay's most exact and very excellent translation."--
Conservative Journal.
<
Let me press strongly on the Young Man's' attention, the
importance, the instruction, and the never-failing source of amuse-
ment, of his history: which has alike endeared the author to the
lore. The pages of Froissart exhibit a perfectly natural and pleas
the man of taste, and even to the lover of romantic
ing picture. Conversations, skirmishes, battles-the country, the
179
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|
town-scenes within the tent, the palace, or the church-the quiet
of pastoral occupations, or the tumult of a popular assembly-
these, and every thing which he touches, are hit off in a manner
the most simple and striking imaginable; and severe indeed must
be that taste, and fastidious that feeling, which shall deny to the
pages of this historian the merit of great interest, candour, and
apparent fidelity. His episodes are occasionally delightful, and it
is evident that he was fond of them. He has also a peculiar art
in suspending the main narrative, (when the interest is becoming
more and more intense,) by the relation of a number of little cir-
cumstances which only makes us return to it with a keener appe-
tite. . . . It cannot be denied that Froissart has admirably de-
scribed the campaigns of our Edward upon the Continent, when
the British arms were covered with glory; when a spirit of chi-
valry, amounting to the romantic, stirred every breast, and nerved
every arm. The splendours of Cressy and Poictiers are but slightly
shaded, if at all, by the achievements of Agincourt and Waterloo."
-Library Companion.
"Did you ever read Froissart?”—'No,' was Morton's answer.
'I
I have half a mind,' said Claverhouse, to contrive you should
bave six months' imprisonment, in order to procure you that plea-
sure. His chapters inspire me with more enthusiasm than poetry
itself.""-Old Mortality.
In correctness, as well as in other valuable qualities,
Lord Berners's translation has been considered superior to
that of Colonel Johnes.
“In imitating the style of his original, Lord Berners's transla-
tion becomes peculiarly valuable to an English reader. His ver-
sion is faithful, but not servile; and he imitates the spirit and
simplicity of the original, without allowing us to discover, from
any deficiency in either of these particulars. that his own work is
a translation.”—From the reprint of Pynson's 1st edit, of 1523–25:
E. V. UTTERSON.
"Lord Berners.
"Several letters by Lord Berners occur in the British Museum,
COTTON., Calig. D. ix., Vesp. C. i. and F. xiii., HARL., 295. In Ves-
pasian, C. i., 147, is an original dispatch from lord Berners and
John Kite to king IIenry the Eighth, giving an account of their
interview with Charles, king of Castile and Arragon. This is very
curious, and has been reprinted in Utterson's edition of Froissart,
preface p. 12."-Note in Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.
was instructed in several sorts of learning.
in this university in the latter end of K. Edw. 4: in whose reign
and before, were the sons of divers of the English nobility edu
cated in academical literature in Baliol Coll., wherein, as 'tis pro-
After he had left the
bable, this our author was instructed also.
university, he travelled into divers countries and returned a
master of several languages and a compleat gentleman. But that
which made him first known to the world, was his valour shew'd
in quelling the fury of the rebels in Cornwall and Devon, under
the conduct of Michael Joseph, a blacksmith, about 1495, whereby
he greatly gained the favour of K. Heury.”—Athen. Oxon.
(3
Having there [at Calais] gotten a repose, who formerly had
been a far traveller and great linguist, he translated many books
As the name of Monstrelet is closely associated with
Froissart, we may mention that the history of the former,
the Chronicles of France and England, comprehends the
period from 1400 to 1467, continued by others to 1516:
(see notice of the translations of Froissart and Monstrelet,
by Colonel Thomas Johnes, under his name.) Lord Ber-
ners's translation of Froissart's Chronicles, made by com-
mand of Henry VIII., has been highly commended.
"A soldier, a statesman, and a scholar, this nobleman was sin-lord Tiptoft the first) noble hand. which, since the decay of learn-
gularly well adapted for the task which he undertook. Indeed,
considering the period of its completion, it was a sort of literary
miracle."-DIBDIN: Library Companion.
out of French, Spanish, and Italian, besides some of his own
making. [Bale de Scriptoribus Britannicis Cent. vii., num i.. and
Pits, in anno 1532.] I behold his as the second (accounting the
ing, took a pen therein, to be author of a book.”—Fuller's Worthies,
"But I have shown that Lord Berners was but the fifth writer
among the nobility, in order of time.”— Walpole's Royal and Noble
Authors.
Lord Berners's translation first appeared in 1523-25,
printed by Pynson in two folio volumes. A perfect copy
of this edition is very rarely to be found: sold at the Rox-
burghe sale, 7988, for £63. The latter portion of the se-
cond volume is sometimes "made up" from the reprint by
Middleton, sine anno.
"He who has the reprint of 1812, 4to, two vols., [by E. V. Utter
son.] may rest perfectly satisfied that he has the text of Lord Ber-
ners as correctly given as in the first edition by Pynson, with a
great number of proper names, in places and persons corrected
into the bargain, If, however, the Young Man' sigh, and sigh
deeply, for the oak-bounden impression of Py nson, he must pur-
chase it--but with caution and previous collation."-DIBDIN.
1
We give a list of translations by Lord Berners. The
reader will notice the variable orthography of the name
and title of the knight; of those cited, no two are altoge-
ther alike. 1. The Chronicles of Englande, Fraunce,
Spayne, Portyngale, Scotlande, Bretayne, Flaunders, and
other Places adionynge, träslated out of Frenche into our
maternall Englysshe Tonge, by Johan Bourchier Knight,
Lorde Berners. London, by Richard Pynson, 1523-25.
Made, as we have stated above, by command of Henry
VIII.
|
2. The Hystory of the moost noble and valyaunt knyght
Arthur of lytell brytayne, translated out of frensshe in to
englisshe by the noble Johan bourgcher knyght lorde Bar-
ners, newly emprynted. This was printed by Redborne.
"In the class of romances of chivalry we have several transla-
tions in the black letter; such are the Mort d'Arthur, Huon of
Bordeaux. etc. The best translations. now very rare and high
priced. are those of Lord Berners, the admirable translator of Frois-
sart, in the reign of Henry 8; and not the least of his merits is
now the genuine antique cast of his style."—Curiosities of Literu-
ture.
See copious notices of the translation of Arthur in the
British Bibliographer, iv., 228, and in Dibdin's Ames, iv.,
190. There was a new edition by E. V. Utterson, pub.,
Lon., 1814, 4to; with a series of plates from illuminated
drawings.
F
Englyshe by John Bourchier Knyght Lord Berners. Impr.
by me Robert Wyer, 8vo. Dedicated to the lady of Sir
Nicholas Carew, at whose desire he translated it from the
Spanish.
He also composed a book entitled Of the Duties of tho
Inhabitants of Calais, and a Comedy called Ite in Vineam,
which was usually acted in the great Church at Calais
after vespers.
3. The Famous Exploits of Huon de Bourdeaux, trans.
by Sir John Bourchier, Lord Berners, Lon., 1601, 4to; 3d
erlit. Done at the desire of the Earl of Huntingdon.
Tanner, p. 116.
4. The golden Boke of Marcus Aurelius, Emperour and
Oratour, translated out of Frenche into Englishe by John
Bourchier, Knyghte, Lorde Barners. London in the House
of Tho. Berthelet, (1534,) 16mo. Thirteen editions be-
tween 1534 and 1587! Undertaken at the desire of his
nephew, Sir Francis Bryan.
5. The Castle of Loue, translated out of Spaynyshe into
In this work is a long extract from Lord Berners's epis-
tle dedicatory of the Castle of Love, to Lady Carew. We
give a short specimen, which is curious as exhibiting the
orthography of the day:
To the good and vertuous lady; the lady Carewe, gretynge.
"The affecciant desyre and obligation that I am bounde in to-
wardes you, ryghte vertuous and good lady, as well for the good-
ness that it hath pleased you to shewe me, as for the nyreness of
consanguinite. hath encoraged me to accomplyshe your desyre,
in translating this present booke. And though my so doynge can
not be correspondent any thing to recompense your goednes, yet
not being ignoraunt of your goodwil and desyre, the which in this
cause I take for the hole effecte; thinking thereby to do you some
smale rememoracion, and also bycause the matter is very pleasant
for yonge ladies and gentlewomen: therefore I have enterpeysed
to reduce the same from Spanishe into the Englyshe tonge, not
adorned with so freshe eloquence that it should merite to be pre-
sented to your goodnes."
Berners, or Barnes, Juliana, b. about 1388, is be-
lieved to have been the daughter of Sir James Berners, a
favourite of Richard the Second, and beheaded in 1388 as
an evil counsellor to the king, and an enemy to the public.
Juliana was celebrated for her extreme beauty and great
learning. She was prioress of Sopewell Nunnery near St.
Alban's, where she varied the devotions of the cloister
with the sports of the field. Willing to impart to others
a knowledge of the mysteries which afforded so much satis-
faction to herself, she wrote treatises on Hawking, Hunting,
Fishing, and Heraldry.
"From an abbess disposed to turn author, we might more rea-
sonably have expected a manual of meditations for the closet. or
the diversions of the world were not thought inconsistent with
select rules for making salves, or distilling strong waters. But
the character of a religious lady of this eminent rank, who resem-
bled an abbot in respect of exercising an extensive manorial juris-
diction: and who hawked and hunted in common with other ladies
of distinction. This work however is here mentioned because the
second of these treatises is written in rhyme. It is spoken in her
own person; in which, being otherwise a woman of authority, she
assumes the title of Dame. I suspect the whole to be a translation
from the French and Latin."-Wurton's History of English Poetry,
vol. ii.
The treatise on fishing is not only the earliest, but by far the
most curious essay upon angling which has ever appeared in the
English, or perhaps any other. language. In the most important
features, Walton has closely followed this production. In piety
and virtue.-in the inculcation of morality,-in an ardent love
for their art, and still more, in that placid and Christian spirit for
which the amiable Walton was so conspicuous, the early writer
was scarcely inferior to his or her more celebrated successor."-
Lowndes's Billiographer's Manual, which see for particulars of
early editions.
There are three treatises comprised in one volume with
this title: The Bokys of Hawking and Hunting, and also
of Cootarmuris, at St. Alban's, 1486, small folio. So rare
is this volume, that Dr. Dibdin estimates a perfect copy
(of which Earl Spencer and the Earl of Pembroke each
had one) to be worth £420; a very imperfect copy pro-
duced £147 at the sale of the Library of the Duke of Rox-
burghe; resold at the sale of the White Knight's (Duke
of Marlborough's) Library for £84. The third book, ca
Heraldic Blazonry, is supposed to be an addenduu, to the
two preceding, and a portion of a work by Nicholas Uptor,
180
BER
BER
written about 1441. Indeed Mr. Haslewood considers that
the only portions of the book which can safely be attri-
buted to Dame Berners are: 1. A small portion of the Trea-
tise on Hawking. 2. The Treatise upon Hunting. 3. A
Short List of the Beasts of Chase; and Another Short
one of Beasts and Fowls. We have no space for a list of
carly editions, the last of which was printed in 1595 in 4to.
Mr. Haslewood's edition (Lon., 1810, folio) is an exact
reprint of that by Wynkyn de Worde, 1496. 150 copies
were printed. In the Bibliographical Introduction (a few
copies of which were struck off separately) will be found
a full account of the first editions of this curious work.
As few of our readers are likely to have an opportunity of
seeing this rare book, we shall give them a specimen of the
style of this Di Vernon of the elder time. Speaking of
"fysshynge," she affectionately exhorts the prospective
angler, and moralizes on this wise:
The book on Armory commences with the following
curious piece of sacred heraldry:
Altogether undeserving of the public attention: it is a crude
and irregular production, neither to be commended for its matter
nor its style. The allegations from Scripture are weak and uncriti
cal; the arguments. drawn from the depravity of the mind. are
declamatory and false. and several of the authorities are misrepre
Deism not consistent with the Religion of Nature and
Reason, 1780, 4to.
"Ye shall not use this forsayd crafty disporte for no covetysenes,
to the encreasynge and sparynge of your inoney oonly; but prinsented, and at best nothing to the purpose.”—Lon. Monthly Review.
cipally for your solace, and to cause the belthe of your body, and
specyally of your soule: for whaune ye purpoos to goo on your
dysportes in fysshynge, ye wooll not desyre gretly many persons
with you, whyche lett you of your game. And thenne ye may
serve God devoutly in saying affectuously your custumnable prayer;
and, thus dɔynge, ye shall eschewe and voyde many vices.”
In order that the angler might betake him or herself
quietly, and without attracting attention and company, to
their "fysshynge dysporte," she gives instructions for a
walking cane-rod, which should give no indication of the
anticipated "dysporte," and the bewitching, though it must
be confessed rather sly, Juliana triumphantly declares,
"And thus shall ye make you a rodde so prevy. that ye may
walk therwyth; and there shall noo man wyte where abowte ye
goo." See an article on Angling in the London Quarterly Re-
view, vol. lxvii.
"Of the offspring of the gentilman Jafeth. come Iabraham,
Moyses. Aron, and the profettys: and also the kyng of the right
lyne of Mary, of whom that gentilman Jhesus was borne, very
God and man: after his manhoode kynge of the land of Jude and
of Jues, gentilman by his modre Mary, prince of cote armure, &c.”
Berrey, G. J. Legal treatise. Lon., 1833, 12mo.
Berrian, William, D.D., Rector of Trinity Church,
New York City. 1. Travels in France and Italy in 1817-
18, N. York, 1820, 8vo. 2. Devotions for the Sick-Room,
12mo. 3. Enter thy Closet, 12mo. 4. Family and Private
4. Family and Private
Prayers, 12mo. 5. On the Communion, 18mo. 6. Sailors'
Manual, 18mo. 7. Hist. Sketch of Trinity Church, N. York,
1847, 8vo. S. Recollections of Departed Friends, 1850, 12mo.
Ed., with Memoir, Works of Bishop Hobart, 1833. 3 vols. Svo.
Berridge, John, 1716-1793, entered at Clare Hall,
1794, vicar of Everton, 1755. The Christian World un-
masked; pray come and peep, 1773, Svo; 1824, Svo; with
Life, Letters, Farewell Sermons, and Zion's Songs.
Berriman, John, 1689-176S, educated at St. Ed-
mund's Hall, Oxford, became Rector of St. Alban's, Lon-
don, 1744. The Case of Naboth considered, &c., 1721,
Svo. Eight Sermons at Lady Moyer's Lecture, 1741, Svo.
Entirely of the critical kind, noting above 100 Greek MS.
of St. Paul's Epistles, many not before collated. A Criti-
cal Dissertation on 1 Tim. iii. 16, 1741, Svo.
preached at the Lecture founded by the Hon. Robert Boyle,
1730, 31, 32, Lon., 1733, 2 vols. 8vo. He pub. a number
of occasional sermons, &c. After his death 2 vols., 40 ser.
mons, were pub. by his brother, and in 1763 1 vol., 19 ser
mons, appeared.
"In this work are noticed several glaring and unpardonable errors
in the impressions of the Bible during the 17th century. A copy
is in the British Museum, with the author's MS. notes.”—Lowndes.
See Orme's Bib. Bibl. He edited 2 vols. of his brother
William's sermons, pub., 1750.
Berriman, William, D.D., 1688-1750, brother to
the preceding, was entered, at 17, of Oriel College, Oxford.
By close application he became well versed in the Greek,
Hebrew, Chaldee, Arabic, and Syriac tongues. The Trini- |
tarian Controversy elicited his first publications. A Sea-
sonable Review of Mr. Whiston's Account of Primitive
Doxologies, Lon., 1719, Svo. A Second Review of the
same, 1719, Svo. These pieces recommended him to the
notice of Dr. Robinson, Bishop of London, who in 1720
appointed him his domestic chaplain, and in 1722 collated
him to the living of St. Andrew-Undershaft. In 1727 he
became a Fellow of Eton College. An Historical Account
of the Trinitarian Controversy, in 8 Sermons, delivered
at Lady Moyer's Lecture, in 1723-24; pub. 1725, Sro.
In Dr. Conyers Middleton's Introductory Discourse to the
Inquiry into the miraculous powers of the Christian Church,
and in the Inquiry also, Dr. Berriman was noticed with
much severity. In 1731 Berriman pub. by way of rejoinder,
A Defence of some passages in the Historical Account.
In 1733 he pub. Brief Remarks on Mr. Chandler's Intro-
duction to the History of the Inquisition, which was fol-
lowed by a Review of the Remarks. Both of these were
answered by Chandler. The Gradual Revelation of the
The Gradual Revelation of the
Gospel from the time of Man's Apostasy: 24 sermons
Berrington. See BERINGTON.
Berrow, Capel. Sermons, 1746. A Pre-existent
Lapse of Human Souls, demonstrated from Reason, shewn
to be the opinion of the most eminent writers of antiquity.
sacred and profane. Proved to be the groundwork, like-
wise, of the Gospel Dispensation; and the medium through
which many material objects, relative thereto, are set in a
clear, rational, and consistent light, 1762, 8vo.
66
Berry, Charles. Sermons on the Duty of National
Thanksgiving, 1812.
Berry, Francis. See WHITCHER.
Berry, Rev. Henry, was connected with the British
Farmer's Mag. He wrote Improved Short Horns, and
their pretensions stated, Lon., 1830, Svo.
Berry, Mary, 1762-1852. Her father, sister Agnes,
and herself were the literary executors of Sir Horace Wal-
pole, and under their supervision his works were pub. in
5 vols. 4to. The writings of Miss Berry, entitled England
and France, &c., were pub. by her in 2 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1844.
She defended Walpole from the strictures of Lord Mae-
aulay in Edin. Rev. In 1840 she ed. and pub. for the first
time Sixty Letters from Walpole to Herself and Sister.
Berry, Richard. Sermon, Dubl., 1672, fol.
Berry, Robert. Works of Horace Walpole, 5 vols.,
1798, r. 4to.
Berry, William, Clerk to the Register of the College
of Arms. An Introduction to Heraldry, Lon., 1810, 8vo.
History of the Island of Guernsey, from the remotest
period of antiquity to the year 1814; with Particulars of
1815, 4to. Genealogica Antiqua; or Mythological and
the neighbouring Islands of Alderney, Serk, and Jersey,
Classical Tables, Lon., 1816, fol. Genealogia Sacra, or
Scripture Tables, Lon., 1819, 4to.
parents, with references ... The chronological dates are taken
Chiefly confined to the patriarchs and descendants of our first
from Blair. Usher, and others. An alphabetical index is subjoined,
which facilitates reference to this unassuming publication.”—
T. H. HORne.
Encyclopedia Heraldica, or Complete Dictionary of
Heraldry with the Supplement, 4 vols. 4to, 1828–40.
The best modern dictionary of heraldry: it embraces the
greater part of Edmondson and others."
Pedigrees of Berks, Bucks, and Surrey Families, 1837,
fol.. £5 58. Do. Essex Families, 1841, fol., £2 158. Do.
Do. Hertford-
Hampshire Families, 1833, fol., £6 68.
shire Families, 1844 and 46, fol., £3 10s. Do. Kent
Families, 1830, fol., £6 68. Do. Sussex Families, 1830,
fol., £6 68.
Bert, Ed. Treatise of Hawkes and Hawking, Lon.,
1619. 4to.
Bertezen, S. Food for Silk-worms, Lon., 1789, Svo.
Bertie, Willoughby, Earl of Abing lon, 1740–1799.
Thoughts on Mr. Burke's Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol,
on American Affairs, Oxf., 1777, Svo; 6th ed. enlarged,
1780. Letter to Lady Loughborough, (ascribed to hisu.)
Many editions, 1789. Speech on the Abolition of the Slave
Trade, 1793, Svo.
"One of the most steady and intrepid assertors of liberty in this
age."-Editor of Wilkes's Speeches.
Berton, William, flourished about 1381, a divine,
and Chancellor of the University of Oxford, was a zealous
opponent of Wickliffe. 1. Determinationes contra Vicle-
vuin. 2. Sententia a super justa ejus Condemnatione.
3. Contra ejus Articulos. Bale and Pits give very dif
ferent opinions of his character.
Bertram, Charles, an English antiquary, Professor
of the English language in the Royal Marine Academy of
Copenhagen. Ethics, or Select Thoughts from several
Authors, the words accented to render the English pro-
nunciation easy to foreigners. Britannicarum Gentium
Historia Antiquæ Scriptures tres,-Ricardus Corinensis
-Gildas Badonicus-Nennius Bauchorensis-recensuit
Notisque et Indice auxit Car. Bertramus, Haun, 1757, Svo.
Stukeley, to whom Bertram communicated a copy of the
MS., pub. an edit. of the first treatise in the above work
in London. Its authenticity has been much doubted.
1,1
BER
BET
Berwick, Marshal, Duke of, 1670–1734, illegitı-
mate son of James II. (when Duke of York) and Arabella
Churchill. Memoirs, written by himself, with a continua-
tion, pub. by the Duke of Fitz-James, trans. from the
French, (Paris, 1778, 2 vols. 13mo,) Lon., 1779, 2 vols. 8vo.
Berwick, Edward. Theolog. and Biographical
Works, Lon., 1809, '11, '13, '15. '17.
Berwick, John, D.D. Deceivers Deceived, Serm.,
1661, 4to.
Bery, John. Sermon, Lon., 1617, 4to.
Besodun, or Beston, John, Prior of the monastery
of Carmelite Friars at Lynn, in Norfolk, graduated at
Cambridge and Paris. 1. Super Universalia Holcothi.
2. Compendium Theologiæ. 3. Determinationum Liber.
4. Sacrarum Concionum Liber. 5. Sermones in Evangelia.
6. Sermones in Epistolas. 7. Lecturæ Sacræ Scripturæ.
8. Rudimenta Logices. 9. De Virtutibus et Vitiis oppo-
sitis. 10. Epistolarum Libri Duo. 11. De Trinitate: and
another set of Sermons.-Bale; Pits; Tanner; Leland;
Rose's Biog. Dict.
"He was extremely well versed in natural philosophy, and a
considerable divine."-LELAND.
"He was a very fluent and elegant preacher in his own language,
and an acute disputant in the schools."-BALE.
"He used in his sermons to open and explain the fourfold sense
of the Scriptures with the utmost perspicuity."-ALAN DE LYNN.
"He had a very happy genius and à solid judgment, and was
eminent for his piety and knowledge both in divine and human
learning; he was highly applauded for his subtility in disputing,
and his eloquence in the pulpit.”—Pirs.
Besombe, Robert. Sermon, 1634, Svo.
Besse, Joseph. Collection of the Sufferings of the
People called Quakers, for the Testimony of a good Con-
science, Lon., 1753, 2 vols. fol. The 1st vol. contains the
persecutions in the English Counties, alphabetically ar-
ranged; the 2d includes N. America, &c., the West Indies,
&c. Nearly half this work relates to America; there is an
index of 100 pages of the names alone mentioned in the
work, very valuable for genealogical inquirers, &c.
Best, George. A true Discovrse of the late Voyages
of Discouerie, for the finding of a passage to Cathaya, by
the North-weast, vnder the conduct of Martin Frobisher,
Generall; deuided into three bookes, Lon., 1578, 4to.
Jadis's Sale, No. 270, £8 10s.
Best, Henry. The Christian Religion defended
against the Philosophers and Republicans of France,
Lon., 1793, 8vo. Serinon on John xx. 23, 1793, Svo.
"The preacher seems earnestly desirous of restoring to the priest
hood the power of the keys."
Best, Matilda. An Original Poem, 1789, 4to.
Best, Hon. and Rev. Samuel. Theolog. Works,
Lon., 1836-52.
Best, Mrs. T. On the Prophecy of Hosea, Lon.,
1831, 12mo. Tracts on Old and New Testament, 6 vols.
Best, Thos. Treatise on Angling, &c., Lon., 1787,
12mo.
Best, Thomas. Vindication of the Dissenters, Lon.,
1795, 8vo.
Best, W. M. Evidence and Practice, 1849, Svo. A
Treatise on Presumption of Law and Fact; with the Theory
and Rules of Presumptive or Circumstantial Proof in Cri-
minal Cases, Lon., 1844, 8vo.
"The author has executed a concise and well-digested treatise
upon a branch of the law of evidence which hitherto had been
treated in a loose and inartificial manner. He has availed him-
self of the learning of the Continental jurists upon Presumption,
and his work throughout displays a thorough acquaintance with
the whole learning applicable to the subject."
Exposition of the Practice relative to the right to Begin
and right to Reply, in trials by Jury, and in appeals, at
Quarter Sessions, Lon., 1837, Svo.
"This treatise contains a very ingenious inquiry into the prin-
ciples which should govern the determination of the question;
and the deductions of the author are given in clear language,
fully supported by the authorities advanced in favour of them.
The more abstruse part of the work, treating of the doctrine of
Presumption, is principally drawn from the treatises on evidence
by Mr. Phillips and Mr. Starkie: but the author has made good
use of the materials thus obtained."
Best, William. Sermons, 1734, '42, '46.
Beste, J. R. 1. The Wabash, 2 vols. p. 8vo, Lon.,
1855. 2. Modern Society in Rome.
Betagh, William. Voyage round the World, begun
in the year 1719, Lon., 1728, Svo. This will be found also
in vol. 1st of Harris's Collection of Voyages and Travels,
und the 14th vol. of Pinkerton's Collection includes the
Account of Peru.
Betham, John, D.D., d. 1701, a Roman Catholic di-
vine, chaplain and preacher to James II. Annunciation;
u Sermon on Luke i. 31, 1686, 4to. Catholick Sermons,
2 vols. 8vo.
Betham, Miss Matilda. Elegies, &c., Lon., 1798,
12mo. A Biographical Dictionary of the celebrated Wo-
men of every Age and Country, Lon., 1804, Svo.
"By the aid of Le Dictionnaire des Femmes Célèbres, and the
communications of several friends, Miss B. has furnished a volume
which, we doubt not, will be received with candour, and a due de
gree of approbation."
Poems, 1808, Svo. Lay of Marie; a Poem, 1816, 8vo.
Betham, Philip. Trans. the Earl of Purtilias's Pre-
cepts of War, Lon., 1544, Svo.
Betham, Robert. National Vices the bane of So-
cicty; Fast Sermon on Rev. ii. 5, 1744, 4to.
Betham, Rev. William. Genealogical Tables of
the Sovereigns of the World, from the earliest to the pre-
sent period, Lon., 1795, fol.
“A useful work, but much less valuable than Anderson's elabo
rate compilation, containing 715 Genealogical Tables, with an In-
dex, pp. 5."-LOWNDES.
The Baronetage of England, or the History of the Eng-
lish Baronets, and such Baronets of Scotland as are of
English Families, with Genealogical Tables, and Engrav-
ings of their Armorial bearings. Ipswich and Len., 5 vols.,
1801-05, 4to.
"A very incorrect and imperfect work.”
Betham, Sir William, 1779-1853, Ulster King-of-
Arms, &c., son of the preceding. 1. Irish Antiquarian
Researches, Dubl., 1826-27, 2 vols. Svo, and Appendix.
"In his observations on the history of the Geraldines, Sir Wil-
liam notices some very odd blunders of preceding writers, who fol-
lowed legends rather than evidence in their compilations of the
histories of the ancient families of Ireland, by which they were
made nearly altogether unintelligible. In looking over Lodge's
Peerage and other Irish writers, and indeed Irish history gene-
rally, we have felt the justice of this remark: it is a sad jumble of
contradictions.”—Lon. Literary Gazette.
2. Dignities, Feudal and Parliamentary, 1830, vol. i.,
Svo: all pub. 3. Origin and Hist. of the Constit. of England,
1830, Svo. Commended by Prof. J. J. Park. 4. The Gael
and the Cymbri, 1834, Svo.
and the Cymbri, 1834, Svo. 5. Etruria Celtica: Etruscan
Lit. and Antiqs. Investigated, 1842, 2 vols. 8vo. For an
account of the learned labours of this industrious anti-
quary, see Lon. Gent. Mag., Dec. 1853, 632.
Bethel, Slingsby. Political, &c. treatises, 1681-97.
Bethell, Christopher, D. D., Bishop of Bangor.
Charges, 1816, &c. An Apology for the Ministers of tho
Church of England who hold the doctrine of Baptismal
Regeneration, in a Letter to the Rev. George Stanley
Faber, B. D., 1816. A General View of the Doctrine of
Regeneration in Baptism, Lon., 1822, 2d edit., with a pre-
face against objections, 1836, 4th edit. revised, with an
Appendix, containing Remarks on Faber on Regenera-
tion, 1845; 5th edit., 1850, Svo.
:
Bethell, Samuel. Visitation Sermon, 1811, Svo.
Bethum, John. 1. Short View. 2. Essays, 1770-1.
Bethune, Alexander, 1804–1843, a native of Fife-
shire, Scotland, was the son of a farm-labourer. His bro-
ther John, 1812-1839, was a native of "The Mount," once
the home of Sir David Lindsay. By the kindness of those
liberal patrons of literature-who have done so much for
the improvement of the public mind-William and Robert
Chambers of Edinburgh, Alexander Bethune made his
appearance as an author in 1835, by the publication of
two stories illustrative of Scottish Rural Life: (see Cham-
bers's Journal, 1835.) In 1838 appeared Tales and Sketches
of the Scottish Peasantry; a small portion of this volume
was written by John Bethune, (see post.) It produced
about £20.
about £20. Practical Economy Explained and Enforced,
in a Series of Lectures, by the brothers Alexander and
John, was pub. in 1809. In this year John died. The
Scottish Peasant's Fireside, a Series of Tales and Sketches
illustrating the Character of the Peasantry of Scotland,
made its appearance in 1843. In 1841 soine Poems left
by John were pub. with a sketch of the author's life by
his brother. Alexander followed his brother to the grave
in 1843. William Crombie, author of Hours of Thought,
&c., pub. in 1845 Memoirs of Alexander Bethune, em-
bracing Selections from his Correspondence and Literary
Romains.
"The quantity of verse and prose which he (John Bothune]
produced, under the circumstances, was truly astonishing. If
printed in full, they would occupy several volumos. As far as w✪
the language was always correct, the lines smooth and flowing,
can judge from the specimens in the books which are before us,
or copiousness of diction, and further cultivation of mind would
and the rhymes good: but of course he had little range of thought
probably have induced him to abandon poetry for prose."-(From
an interesting article, to which we are indebted for the above par
ticulars, by Francis Bowen, in N. Amer. Rev., vol. xvii., 1848.)
..
Peasantry, by Alexander Bethune] has affected us more than any
The perusal of this book [Tales and Sketches of the Scottish
thing we have read for many years past, and has revived in our
bosom recollections of youth and rural manners, which, though
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they may be dormant for a time, amid the engrossing cares of the ¦
world, can never be obliterated, and can never die. . . . All is na-
ture, all is real, because the author, instead of drawing out his
Imagination, has written nothing but what he himself has seen or
known."-Edinburgh Chronicle.
Bethune, George W., D.D., b. 1805, a minister of
the Dutch Reformed Church, is well known as an accom-
plished scholar and eloquent pulpit orator. Dr. Bethune
is a native of the city of New York. He has been sta-
tioned successively at Rhinebeck, Utica, Philadelphia, and
Brooklyn, in which latter city he now (1858) resides. Dr.
Bethune has been offered and has declined the chaplaincy
of the United States Military Academy at West, Point, the
Chancellorship of the New York University, and the Pro-
fessorship of Ecclesiastical History and Church Government
in the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Dutch Church.
Ile is author and editor of a number of volumes: A Word to
the Afflicted; British Female Poets; Lays of Love and
Faith; Fruit of the Spirit; History of a Penitent; Sermons;
Orations and Occasional Discourses, etc. His edition of
Walton's Complete Angler, with an exceedingly valuable
bibliographical preface, &c., has been highly commended.
This work was compiled in the chance moments of relief
from graver studies. "I lost no time by it," the editor
remarked to the present writer, "for it was the occupation
of moments when others would have been looking out of
the windows."
"The American portion of the work," [The Complete Angler,]
remarks a critic, "so rich in rare scholarship. indicates both the
esearch and the sentiment desirable in a true brother of the angle.
There is always a dash of poetry in such men-displaying itself
in a love of nature or a vein of sentiment. The latter predomi-
nates in Dr. Bethune."
Lays of Love and Faith; with other Poems.
<< The songs in this volume are particularly melodious and ten-
der, and there is a relish of mingled scholarship and fun in some
of the epigrams, most rare in these days. The Poems are intro-
duced to the reader in a sonnet which so happily characterizes their
most characteristic qualities, that we quote it as more to the point
than any further remarks of our own:
"As one arranges in a simple vase
A little store of unpretending flowers,
So gathered I some records of past hours,
And trust them, gentle reader, to thy grace;
Nor hope that in my pages thou wilt trace
The brilliant proof of high poetic powers;
But dear memorials of my happy days,
When heaven shed blessings on my heart like showers;
Clothing with beauty even the desert place;
Till I, with thankful gladness in my looks,
Turned me to God, sweet nature, loving friends,
Christ's little children, well-worn ancient books,
The charm of art, the rapture music sends;
And sang away the grief that on man's lot attends."
New York Literary World.
A large number of Dr. Bethune's Sermons and Addresses
have been printed: among them are his annual discourses
before The Foreign Evangelical Society, The American
Sunday-School Union, The A. B. C. Foreign Missions, &c.
He has delivered Phi Beta Kappa Orations at Dartmouth,
Harvard, and Brown Universities, and Orations at Yale
and other Colleges.
Bethune, John. Allan of Olway, 1815, Svo.
Bethune, John. See BETHUNE, ALEXander.
Betterton, Thomas, 1635-1710, a celebrated Eng-
lish actor, wrote several dramatic pieces, and altered a
number for the stage. The Biog. Dramatica gives the fol-
lowing list:
"1. The Roman Virgin; or Unjust Judge. T.. 4to. 1679. 2. The
Revenge; or a Match in Newgate, C., 4to, 1680. 3. The Prophetess;
or the History of Dioclesian, Altered, O., With a Masque, 4to. 1690.
4. King Henry the Fourth, with The Humours of Sir John Falstaff,
T. C., 4to, 1700. 5. The Amorous Widow; or, The Wanton Wife,
C., 4to, 1706. 6. Sequel of Henry the Fourth, Svo, N. D., [1719.]
7. The Bondman; or, Love and Liberty, T. C., Svo, 1719. S. The
Woman made a Justice, Com.. N. P.
"Of these we have not much more to say, than that those which
are properly his own are not devoid of merit, and those which he
has only altered have received an advantage from his amendment.”
Among other eloquent eulogies upon Mr. Betterton, we |
may refer to those of Colley Cibber, Anthony Aston, and
Addison.
"Such an actor as Mr. Betterton ought to be recorded with the
zame respect as Roscius among the Romans. I have hardly a
notion that any performance of antiquity could surpass the action
of Mr. Betterton in any of the occasions in which he has appeared
on our stage.”—ADDISON: Tatler, No. 167.
•
·
"Betterton was an actor, as Shakspeare was an author, both
without compotitors, formed for the mutual assistance and illus-
tration of each other's genius."-COLLEY CIDBER.
Bettesworth, Charles. Sermon, 1712. 8vo.
Bettesworth, John. Educational works, 1778-87.
Bettie, W. Historie of Titania and Thesevs, Lon.,
1636, 4to.
"This has all the guise and manner in title, composition, and
printing, to have appeared near half a century earlier."
See the account of this curious volume in the British
Bibliographer, ii. 436-437.
Betton, T. R., M.D. Trans. Regnault's Chemistry,
Phila., 1852, 2 vols. 8vo.
II.
Betts, John, M.D., Physician-in-Ordinary to Charles
De Ortu et Naturâ Sanguinis, Lon., 1669, 8vo. To
which was afterwards added Medicinæ cum Philosophia
Naturali consensus, Lon., 1692, 8vo.
"After, the first edit. of this book came out, it was reflected
upon by George Thompson, M.D., in his book entit. The True Way
of Preserving the Blood in its Integrity. &c., Lon., 1670, 8vo.] Di.
Betts also pub. Anatomia Thomæ Parri, &c.,-which book was
drawn up by Dr. William Harvey."-WOOD.
Betts, Joseph. Comets' Motions; Phil. Trans., 1744.
Betts, Robert. Body of Divinity, drawn into a Table,
1636, 4to.
Betts, S. R. Admiralty Prac. in the Cts. of the U.S.
for the Southern District of New York, N.Y., 1838, 8vo.
Betty, Jos. The Divine Institution of the Ministry,
and the Absolute Necessity of Church Govt., 1729, 8vo.
Beulanius, a British divine and historian of the 7th
century, was the instructor of the celebrated Nennius, after-
wards abbot of the monastery of Bangor. Beulanius is said
to have written a work entitled De Genealogiis Gentium.
Beulanius, Samuel, son of the preceding, was born
in Northumberland and educated in the Isle of Wight.
"He was a man of a very humane and mild disposition, a good
historian, and well skilled in geometry. He gave an accurate
description of the Isle of Wight from his own observations, as well
as from the accounts of Ptolemy and Pliny."
He also wrote Annotations upon Nennius, a History of
the actions of King Arthur in Scotland, and an Historical
Itinerary. Leland is of opinion that he was a monk.
Bevan, Henry. Thirty Years' Residence in India,
Lon., 1839, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Bevan, Joseph Gurney, a writer of considerable
note, a member of the Society of Friends.
A Refutation of some of the most modern Misrepresen-
tations of the Society of Friends, commonly called Qua-
kers, with a Life of James Nayler, &c., Lon., 1800, 8vo.
"Bevan is the ablest of the Quaker apologists. He writes with good
sense, good temper, and good feeling, and has for the most part di
vested himself of that vague and unsatisfactory mysticism in which
the Quaker advocates have embedded themselves."-LOWNDES.
■
A Short Account of the Life and Writings of Robert
Barclay, Lon., 1802, 12mo. Memoirs of the Life of Isaao
Penington; to which is added, a Review of his writings,
Lon., 1807, Svo. The Life of the Apostle Paul, as related
in the Scriptures, &c., with select Notes, critical, explana-
tory, and relating to Persons and Places, and a Map of the
Countries in which the Apostle travelled, Lon., 1807, Svo.
"The narrative of St. Paul's life is studiously related in the very
words of Scripture, having only such additional matter as is ne
cessary to introduce or connect the several parts. Attention, how.
ever. has been paid to the task of selecting, from different parts of
the New Testament, such passages as belong to the regular chain
of the history. The notes are principally selected from the best
critics and commentators, and those which are geographical are
the most conspicuous, and stamp a real value on the work; which,
though designed for young persons of his own religious communion,
(The Society of Friends.) may be studied with advantage by those
of every other class of Christians, especially such as have not many
commentators within their reach, without danger of finding any
thing introduced which can give the smallest bias towards any
principle that is not really and truly Christian.'"-Horne's Intro-
duction; British Critic, O. S. vol. xxxiii.
"This work does credit to the talents and piety of the writer;
and is interesting as affording some explanation of the theological
sentiments of the Quakers."—Orme's Bib, Bibl.
A Reply to so much of the Sermon of H. P. Dodd as re-
lates to the scruple of the Quakers against all Swearing,
Lon., 1806, Svo. Thoughts on Reason and Revelation,
particularly the Revelation of the Scriptures, Lon., 1810,8vo.
Bevan, Richard. Imprisonment for Debt, Lon.,
1781, Svo.
Bevan, Sylvanus. Con. to Phil. Trans., &c., 1743.
Bevan, Thomas. Lord's Prayer Expounded, Lon,
1673. Svo.
Bevans, John. A Defence of the Christian Doctrines
of the Society of Friends against the charge of Socini-
anism, &c.; to which is prefixed a Letter to J. Evans, Lon.,
1805, Svo.
"An important Tract in defence of the Society of Friends.".
LOWNDES.
A Brief View of the Doctrines of the Christian Religion
as professed by the Society of Friends, Lon., 1811, 12mo.
A Vindication of the Authenticity of the Narratives con-
tained in the first Two Chapters of the Gospel of St.
Matthew and St. Luke, &c. By a Layman, Lon., 1822.
|
Svo.
"In this very elaborate work the authenticity of Matt. I. and li.
and Luke i. and ii. are most satisfactorily vindicated from the ob-
jectious of the Editors of the Unitarian Version of the New Testa
183
BEV
BEV
ment; whose disingenuous alterations in successive editions of that
work are exposed in the Appendix."--Horne's Introduction.
Bever, Thomas, LL.D., 1725-1781, Fellow of All
Bouls' College, Oxford. April 5, 1758, delivered lectures on
Civil Law. In 1766 he pub. the introduction to the course
under the title of A Discourse on the Study of Jurispru-
dence and the Civil Law, Lon., 4to. The History of the
Legal Polity of the Roman State; and of the Rise, Pro-
gress, and Extent of the Roman Laws, Lon., 1781, 4to.
"In this work he has made deep researches into the constitution
of the Roman State, and displays an extensive fund of learning,
connected with the investigation of the Civil Law.”
"He was a better scholar than writer, and a better writer than
pleader."-DR. COOTE.
"Bever's Legal Polity is a copious, and, we fear, a somewhat
tedious, work, which, however, is not destitute of merit. It was
translated into the German language by Völkel, who has corrected
many of his errors, for the author left many errors to correct.
Bever writes like a scholar and a man of ability, but he laboured
under the disadvantage of being, in a great measure. unacquainted
with the best civilians of the continent, more especially those of
recent date.”—DR. IRVING.
"He has, with great perspicuity, traced the progress of the civil
aw through a series of near two thousand years. He intended,
in another volume, to have continued his history to a later period,
which never was carried into execution.”—Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Beveridge, John, a native of Scotland, was in 1758
appointed Professor of Languages in the College and
Academy of Philadelphia. He pub. in 1715 a vol. of Latin
poems, entitled Epistolæ familiares et alia quædam mis-
cellaneæ.
"In an address to John Penn he suggests that a conveyance to
him of some few acres of good land would be a proper return for
the poetic mention of the Penn family. The Latin hiut was lost
upon the Englishman. The unrewarded poet continued to ply
the birch in the vain attempt to govern 70 or 80 ungovernable
boys."
Beveridge, Thomas. A Practical Treatise on the
Forms of Process; containing the new regulations before
the Court of Sessions, inner House, outer House, and Bill
Chamber, the Court of Teinds and the Jury Court, Edin.,
2 vols. 8vo, 1826.
"Mr. Beveridge's Treatise on the Forms of Judicial Proceedings
in Scotland. is the best manual of practice to which the lawyer,
practitioner, or student, can refer: and, indeed. it has superseded
every other publication in regard to our judicial procedure."-
1 Edin. L. C. cxxxiii.
In 1672 he pub. his principal work,-Synodicon, sive
Pandecta Canonum S. S. Apostolorum et Conciliorum ab
Ecclesia Græca receptorum, &c. This collection of the
Apostolic Canons, and of the Deerees of the Councils re-
ceived by the Greek Church, together with the Canonical
Epistles of the Fathers, was pub. at Oxford in 2 large
folio volumes.
"A book to be referred to on matters relative to the doctrines
and discipline of the Church. Bp. Beveridge had a great attach-
ment to antiquity, and thought the Apostolical Canons were com-
posed near the end of the second century-a much later date is
generally assigned to them."-BICKERSTETII,
Bishop Beveridge's notes contain much very learned exposition
of the canon law, and much instructive matter on other subjects
connected with the learning of the canons."-VAN ESPEN.
Beveridge, William, D.D., 1636-'37–1708, was a
native of Barrow, in Leicestershire, of which parish his
grandfather and brother were successively vicars.
In
1653 he was admitted a sizar of St. John's College, Cam-
bridge. He applied himself with so much assiduity to the
study of the oriental tongues, that at the age of 18, he com-
posed (published when he was 20) a treatise on their great
utility, entitled De Linguarum Orientalium, præsertim
Hebraicæ, Chaldaicæ, Syriacæ, Arabicæ, et Samaritanæ,
Præstantiâ et Usu, cum Grammaticâ Syriacâ, tribus Libris
traditâ per G. Beveridgium, Lon., 1658, Svo. This trea-
tise was compiled for the use of those who desired to study
Walton's Polyglot. A 2d edit. of the treatise, and also
of the Syriac Grammar, was pub. in 1654. In 1660-61 he
received holy orders, and shortly afterwards was collated
by Bishop Sheldon to the vicarage of Ealing, in Middle-ing
sex. In this parish he remained for nearly 12 years. In
1669 he pub. his Institutionem Chronologicarum Libris duo.
una cum totidem Arithmetices Chronologica Libellis, 4to.
"Professedly no more than a manual of the science of which it
treats, but extremely useful to those who wish to understand its
technical part. being clear of those obscurities by which Scaliger
and Petau had embarrassed it."
เ
of London. In 1691 he declined the see of Bath and
Wells, vacated by the deprivation of Dr. Thomas Ken, a
non-juror. In 1704 he was consecrated Bishop of St.
Asaph. Here, as in his former positions, he zealously la-
boured for the increase of piety in the church. Sermons
were preached on Sunday evenings in some of the largest
churches; the custom of weekly communion was revived;
societies were established for the suppression of vice, and
"the poor had the gospel preached to them." Two socie-
Foreign Parts, and Promoting Christian Knowledge,―to
ties were established-For Propagating the Gospel in
which the bishop left the principal part of his estate, and
which are this day (1858) carrying out his pious intentions.
Bishop Beveridge deservedly gained the title of "the great
reviver and restorer of primitive piety." To aid his clergy
in the duty to which he urged them of thoroughly ground-
ing their people in the fundamentals of Christianity, be
prepared and sent to them The Church Catechism Ex-
plained; for the Use of the Divines of St. Asaph, Lon.,
1704, 4to; several times reprinted. After holding his seg
for about three and a half years, this good man died in
his 71st year in his apartment in the cloister in Westmin-
ster Abbey. He was a widower without children. He left
his library to St. Paul's, for the benefit of the clergy in
London. Among his other bequests is one intended to
revive the custom of daily public prayer. He bequeathed
to the curacy of Mount-Sorrel, and vicarage of Barrow,
Leicester, £20 per annum forever, on condition that
prayers be read morning and evening every day according
to the Liturgy of the Church of England, in the chapel
and parish church aforesaid. A few occasional sermons,
and the Exposition of the Catechism, are the only works
pub. by the bishop in English. But from his MSS. his
executor, Mr. Timothy Gregory, pub. a number of works:
Thesaurus Theologicus, er a complete system of Divinity,
Lon., 1710, 4 vols. 8vo.
In 1679 he pub. in Latin a vindication of the above-
named work, in answer to some observations of M. de
l'Arroque, pub. anonymously. In this
In this year, also, he pro-
cecded to the degree of D.D. In 1674 he was collated by
Bishop Henchman, then Bishop of London, to the prebend
of Chiswick, and in 1681, Bishop Compton, successor to
Bishop Henchman, collated him to the Archdeaconry of
Colchester. He thus presented a remarkable instance of
the reception of preferment from three successive Bishops
*
"This system is summed up in notes upon select places of the
Old and New Testaments; wherein the sacred text is reduced un-
der proper heads, explained and illustrated, with the opinions and
authorities of the ancient fathers, councils, &c."
Other editions, in 2 vols., 1816, '20, '23, '28. 150 Ser-
mons and Discourses on several subjects, Lon., 1709-14,
12 vols. 12mo; 1720, 2 vols. fol.
The Sermons of such as Bps. Reynolds and Beveridge, of Mil-
ner, Richardson, Simeon. &c.. will furnish more especially those
evangelical doctrines, which, clearly exhibiting salvation by Christ,
are alone eminently blessed of God in giving spiritual life to the
hearers."-BICKERSTETH.
There have been several "Selections" pub. from the
bishop's sermons by Glasse, Dakins, &c. Private Thoughts
upon Religion, digested into 12 Articles, with Practical
Resolutions framed thereupon, Lon., 1709, Svo.
rous editions. Written when only 23 years of age.
Nume-
Beveridge's Private Thoughts are most valuable, and fit to be
read by a young minister."-DR. DODDridge.
They have been of inestimable service to the Church, from the
deep piety and devotion and evangelical sentiments of the excel-
lent bishop."-BICKERSTETH.
་་
"His work is in a strain of popular yet close reasoning, proceed-
from deep conviction of the radical truths of Christianity, and
a devotional spirit.”—WILLIAMS.
The Private Thoughts have been edited, with introduc-
tory Essays, by Dr. Chalmers, 1828, Rev. H. Stebbing,
&c. The latter adds the bishop's treatise on the Necessity
and Advantage of Frequent Communion, first pub. 1708,
Sro. A Defence of Sternhold's, Hopkins's, &c., version
of the Book of Psalms, 1710, 12mo. Exposition of the
39 Articles. The English works of Bishop Beveridge
were for the first time collected and published in 9 vols.
Svo in 1824 by the Rev. Thomas Hartwell Horne. Tho
greater part of the impression was destroyed by fire.
Since the publication of this edit. the MS. of the Exposi-
tion of the last nine of the thirty-nine Articles was disco-
vered, and edited by Dr. Routh. Another edit. was pub.
in 12 vols. 8vo, Oxf., 1844-48; viz., vol. i.-vi., 1844-45
Sermons. Vol. vii., 1845, On the Thirty-nine Articles. Vol.
viii., 1846, On the Church Catechism; Private Thoughts;
On Public Prayer; On Frequent Communion; Defence of
Sternhold and Hopkins's Psalms. Vol. ix., x., 1847, The-
saurus Theologicus. Vol. xi., xii., Codex canonum Eccle-
sia Primitiva Vindicatus ac illustratus; Indices and Ap-
pendix. A more excellent person than Bishop Beveridge
does not adorn the Fasti of the English Church.
"Beveridge's Practical Works are much like Henry's, but not
equal to his."-DR. Doddridge.
6.
Beveridge was a very evangelical practical bishop, the chief
of whose works had the great disadvantage of posthumous publi
cation."-BICKERSTETH.
Those who are censorious enough to reflect with severity upon
the pious strains which are to be found in Bishop Beveridgo, nay
1
131
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•
possibly be good judges of an ode or essay, but do not seem to !
Priticise justly upon sermons, or express a just value for spiritual
things."-DR. LUPTON.
"Our learned and venerable bishop delivered himself with those
ornaments alone, which his subject suggested to him, and wrote
In that plainness and solemnity of style. that gravity and simpli-
city, which gave authority to the sacred truths be taught, and
unanswerable evidence to the doctrines he defended. There is
something so great, primitive. and apostolical, in his writings, that
it creates an awe and veneration in our mind; the importance of
his subjects is above the decoration of words; and what is great
and majestic in itself looketh most like itself, the less it is.
adorned.”—Dr. Henry FELTON.
The author of one of the "Guardiang" makes an extract
from one of the bishop's sermons, and remarks that
"It may for acuteness of judgment. ornament of speech. and
true sublimity. compare with any of the choicest writings of the
ancients who lived nearest to the Apostles' times."
Beverley, Charlotte. Poems, Lon., 1792, 8vo.
Beverley, John. Unus Reformationum sive Examen
Hoornbecki, &c., Lon., 1659, 8vo.
Beverley, John of. See JOHN OF BEVERLEY.
Beverley, Peter. The History of Ariodanto and
Jeneura, [daughter to the King of Scots; in English
verse,] Lon., by Thos. East, 12mo, sine anno; again, in
1600, with an altered title; and see Warton's History of
English Poetry. Sold at the Gordonstoun sale for £31 108.
Beverley, R. M. A Letter to the Abp. of York, on
the present corrupt State of the Church of England, 8vo;
12th edit., 1831.
"This popular tract, written in a bold, coarse. Cobbett-like style
of attack, deals. forth the most sweeping and bitter censures on
the whole body of the national clergy. Several answers appeared."
-LOWNDES.
Beverley, Thomas, a Nonconformist minister of a
congregation at Cutler's Hall, London, pub. a number of
works upon the Prophecies and other subjects, 1670-1701.
We quote the titles of a few: The Prophetical History of
the Reformation to be performed in the year 1697, Lon.,
1689, 4to. The late Revolution to be applied to the Spirit
now moving in fulfilling of all Prophecy, Lon. 1689. 4to.
The Command of God to his People to come out of Baby-
lon, shewn to be a Command to come out of Papal Rome,
Lon., 1689, 4to. The Kingdom of Jesus Christ entering
its Succession at 1697 according to a Callender of Time,
1689, 4to.
...
"Open the work where ye will, only look at the bird, his atti-
tude, his eye-is he not alive? I actually and ardently aver, that
I have gazed till I have readily imagined motion, ay, colour!...
Each hird, too. has his character most physiognomically marked.
The moral habits of each are as distinctly marked as had he
painted portraits of individuals for Lavater."—From a very inte-
resting account of Bewick and his methods of working by J. F. M. Do-
The Posthumous Letters of the Rev. Rabshakeh Gath-vustem, in Laudim's Mog. of Not. Hist.. vols. ii. and iii.
ercoal, late Vicar of Tuddington, now first published, with
Explanatory Notes, and dedicated to the Lord Bishop of
London, Lon., 1835, 12mo. This jeu d'esprit is generally
attributed to Mr. Beverley.
See a descriptive Catalogue of the Works of Messrs.
Bewick appended to the Select Fables; Newcastle, 1820,
Svo: also refer to Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual.
Bewicke, Robert. Tables of Exchanges, 2 vols.
4to, Lon., 1802.
Bewley, Richard, M.D. A Treatise on Air, Lon.,
1791, Svo.
reign of Christ on earth."-Cyc. Bibl.
See a list of his publications in Watt's Bib. Brit.
Beverley, Thomas, Rect. of Lilley, in Hertford-
shire. Discourses on the Principles of Protestant Truth
and Peace. Lon., 1683, 4to.
Beverly, John. Political Tracts, 1784–93, 1806-11.
Beverly, Robert, d. 1716, a native of Virginia, was
clerk of the council about 1697, when Andros was go-
vernor. History of the Present State of Virginia, Lon.,
1705, Svo; in 4 parts, embracing the first settlement of
Virginia, and the government thereof to time when written.
An edit. was pub. with Gribelin's 14 cuts in 1722, and a
French trans., with plates, 1707. Meusel erroneously ex-
plains "R. B." in the frontispiece to signify R. Bird in-
stead of Beverly.
"This work contains many pertinent remarks."-LOWNDES.
"A work of considerable merit, particularly relative to the nu-
merous Indian Tribes, then resident in the State, but now extir-
pated or greatly diminished."-PINKERTON.
LL.D., born in Montreal, Canada, 1824, Law Professor
Bibaud, François Marie Uncas Maximilian,
in the Jesuits' College, Montreal. Distinguished Canadian
"He fixed dates with great confidence, and lived to find his cal-writer. Among his numerous works are the following:
culations erroneous. He held the doctrine of the pre-millennial Six Indian Biographies in the Encyclopédie Canadienne,
1843. Sixty-four articles in the Mélange Réligieuse of
Montreal, 1845. Biographie des Sagamos Illustres de
l'Amérique Septentrionale, Précédée d'un Index de l'His-
toire fabuleuse de ce Continent, Montreal, Lowell & Gib-
son, 1848, Svo. Catéchisme de l'Histoire du Canada, à
l'usage des écoles. Montreal, 1853, 18mo, &c. &c.
Al-
Bibaud, Michel, born at Montreal in 1782.
though a British subject, his works have all been written'
in the French language. La Bibliothèque Canadienne, 5
vols. 8vo. L'Observateur, 2 vols. 8vo. Le Magasin du Bas-
Canada, Svo. L'Encyclopédie Canadienne, Svo. L'His-
toire du Canada sous la Domination Française History
of Canada under the English Dominion, vol., 1.
Bibb, George M. Reports of Cases at Common
Law and in Chancery in the Court of Appeals of Ken-
This work in the historical narration is as concise and unsatis-tucky, 1808-17, 4 vols. 8vo; Frankfort, Ky., 1815-17.
factory as the history of Stith is prolix and tedious.”—Allen's Amer.
Biog. Dict.
Biber, G. E., LL.D., perpetual Curate of Roch-
ampton. English Church on the Continent, Lon., 1846,
12mo. Sermons, Occasional and for Saints' Days, 1846,
Svo. Standard of Catholicity, 1840, Svo. Supremacy
Question, Svo. Vindication of the Church, Svo. Bishop
Blomfield and his Times, Svo.
Beverton, Simon. Sermon, 1717, 8vo.
Bevill, Robert, of the Inner Temple. A Treatise
on the Law of Homicide, etc., 1799,.8vo.
"Before Bevin's time the precepts for the composition of canont
were known to few. Tallis, Bird, Waterhouse, and Faimer were
eminently skilled in this most abstruse part of musical practice.
Every canon. as given to the public, was a kind of enigma. Com
positions of this kind were sometimes exhibited in the form of a
cross, sometimes in that of a circle; there is now extant one re
sembling a horizontal sun-dial. and the resolution (as it was
called) of a canon, which was the resolving it into its elements,
and reducing it into score. was deemed a work of almost as great
difficulty as the original composition.”—Hawking's Hist, of Mu ic.
Bevis, John, 1695-1771, an eminent astronomer, was
a native of Wiltshire. He pub. in 1767 an Inquiry con-
cerning the Mineral Waters at Bagnigge Wells, and con-
tributed a number of articles to the Phil. Trans., 1737–69.
Bewick, Benj. Earthquake at Cadiz, Phil. Trans.
1755.
Bewick, John. Theolog. works, Lon., 1642, '14, '60.
Bewick, Thomas, 1753-1828. This eminent en-
grave nay claim a place amongst authors from bis hav-
ing written some of the descriptions in his History of
British Birds, &c., and from his MS. Memoirs of himself
and family, which are said to be written "with great
naïveté, and full of anecdote."
"Surely such a publication must be considered as unnecessary,
when the Profession possesses the able and comprehensive tres-
tises of Chief Justice Hale and Sergeant Hawkins on the Pleas of
the Crown. The useless multiplication of law-books is an evil of
which we have frequent cause to complain; and we shall persevere
in expressing our disapprobation, till the nuisance be in some mea-
sure removed.”—Lon. Monthly Review, 1799.
"I have seen how his volumes are loved, and treasured, and
reverted to, time after time, in many a country-house; the more
familiar, the more prized; the oftener seen, the oftener desired."—
W. Howitt's Rurol Life in Eng.
Bevin, Elway, an eminent English musician, flou-
rished in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth and James I., pub.
a Briefe and Short Instruction of the Art of Musicke to
teach how to make Discant of all Proportions that are in
use, &c., 1631, 4to.
This Doctor Bewley has so warmly espoused the theory, and
has so perfectly hit off the peculiar (we had almost said the inimi
table) style and manners of our old acquaintance, Doctor Harring.
ton, that we suspect he is no other than Dr. H. himself; who, pos-
sibly, thinks, under the fictitious sanction of a respectable name,
to obtain greater attention than he could, perhaps, have attracted
under his own.”—Lon. Monthly Review.
Bicheno, J. E. Observations on the Philosophy of
Criminal Jurisprudence, &c., Lon., 1819, Svo. The Poor
Laws, p. Svo. Ireland and its Economy, 1829, p. 8vo.
Bicheno, James. Theolog. works. Lon., 1787-1810.
Bickerstaff, Isaac, born probably about 1735, was
a native of Ireland. At one time he held a commission as
an officer of Marines. He was the author of many come-
dies, farces, &c., which were great favourites with the pub-
What would the indignant reviewer say if he were liv-lic: 1. Leucothe, 1756. 2. Thomas and Sally, &c., 1760,
ing now? And how ill could we afford to lose the legal 3. Love in a Village, 1763. 4. Judith, 1764. 5. The Maid
lore of the last half century!
of the Mill, 1765. 6. Daphne and Amintor, 1765. 7.
The Plain Dealer, 1766. 8. Love in the City, 1767. 9.
Lionel and Clarissa, 1768. 10. The Absent Man, 1768.
11. The Royal Garland, 1768. 12. The Padlock, 1768.
13. The Hypocrite, 1768. 14. The Ephesian Matron, 1769.
15. Dr. Last in his Chariot, 1760. 16. The Captive, 1769.
185
BIC
BID
17. A School for Fathers, 1770. 18. 'Tis Well it's no
Worse, 1770. 19. The Recruiting Sergeant, 1770. 20.
He Would if he Could, &c., 1771. 21. The Sultan, 1775.
To him also has been ascribed, 22. The Spoiled Child,
1805.-Biog. Dramat. Mr. Bickerstaff's pieces present a
combination of excellencies seldom found in conjunction.
Bickersteth, Edward, 1786-1850, a native of Kirk-
by Lonsdale, practised as a lawyer in Norwich from 1812
to 1815. He took holy orders in the latter year, and be-
came a zealous labourer in connection with The Church
Missionary Society and other useful departments of Chris-
tian effort. He continued in London until 1830, when he
was presented to the living of Walton, where he proved
himself a most laborious and useful parish minister. He
died at Walton in 1850. Mr. Bickersteth published a num-
ber of valuable theological works, some of which we pro-
cced to notice. A uniform edition of his principal works,
in 17 vols. fp. Svo, was pub. in 1853. It comprises Chris-
tian Truth, The Christian Student, Scripture Help, Treat.
on the Lord's Supper, Treat. on Prayer, The Chief Concerus
of Man, Family Expositions of the Epistles of St. John and
St. Jude, Christian IIcarer's Family Prayers, Signs of the
Times in the East, Promised Glory of the Church, Restora-
tion of the Jews, Practical Guide to the Prophecies, Treat.
on Baptism, The Divine Warning to the Church, &c. To
these 17 vols. must be added the 5 vols. of his smaller works.
The Scripture Help, designed to assist in reading the
Bible profitably, has long proved a most useful manual:
"This work is professedly a practical introduction to the
Ing of the Scriptures. The sale of 30,000 copies of the large edi-
tions, and of more than 130,000 copies of the 12mo and 18mo
abridgments, sufficiently attests the high estimation in which this
manual is deservedly held. It has been translated and published
in the French and modern Greek languages."—Horne's Introduction.
Since the above was written, a large number of copies
have been sold. The Christian Student, designed to assist
Christians in general in acquiring Religious Knowledge;
with Lists of Books adapted to the various Classes of So-
ciety; 4th edit. corrected, 1844.
"A most valuable little work, to which the compiler of these pages
is under the greatest obligations.”—Lowndes's British Librarian.
A Discourse on Justification by Faith, &c., 1827.
"It is a plain, judicious, and practical discourse."-LOWNDES.
A Treatise on the Lord's Supper.
"Seven editions of this popular and truly excellent treatise have
been published. It is divided into two parts-the first is designed
to explain the doctrines connected with that ordinance; and the
second to assist the communicant in devoutly receiving it. It
likewise forms a portion of the Christian's Family Library."
"Mr. Bickersteth's Sermons are excellent. They are plain and
simple; there is nothing ambitious or high-wrought about them,
and they are throughout very scriptural.”—Presb. Rev.
A Practical Guide to the Prophecies, with reference to
their Interpretation and Fulfilment, and to Personal Edi-
fication, 6th edit. enlarged, Lon., 1839.
"A most trustworthy guide; it is the completest and most com-
prehensive manual upon the subject extant, and the tone in which
it is written is altogether Christian. It forms an admirable text
book for the students of prophecy."-LOWNDES.
"The fact that, within a few years. Mr. Bickersteth's Guide has
reached a fifth edition, is of itself sufficient to prove the command-
ing attitude which it maintains. The popularity of the work,
however, is in some measure to be attributed to the deservedly
high standing of the pious and zealous author among the mem-
bers of his own communion, and the deeply practical character
with which he has succeeded in investing the topics of discussion.
Bating this feature, which we cannot too highly commend, we are
sorry in being obliged to give it as our opinion, that we consider
the writer to have greatly retrograded in his views since last he
ame under our notice. He now believes in a premillennial per-
sonal advent of Christ. and that he will so dwell on earth as to be
visible in his glory; and so important does he regard the doctrine,
that he scruples not to designate it the generation truth. He ex-
pects a personal, nisible, by which we suppose he means an indi-
vidual, antichrist, to head the last apostasy. He is of opinion,
that the Jews, when converted. are to be the eminently successful
missionaries to the Gentiles, and are those for whom their univer-
sal conversion is reserved. He thinks that the first resurrection
(Rev. xx.) is a literal rather than a spiritual one. He has given
up the views which he formerly entertained respecting a merely
spiritual and universal kingdom of Christ. His notions of Hades,
p. 313, seem very different from what we believe he once taught
respecting the glory of that state of blessedness to which believers
are at death immediately admitted. Whatever edification its readers
may derive from the pious tone and practical character of the
book, certain we are, it will be found a very unsafe guide to the
just apprehension of the meaning of Scripture prophecy."-Evan-
gelical Mag., 1838.
The Christian Fathers of the First and Second Centu-
ries, edited by E. B., Lon., 1838. This work contains their
principal remains at large, with selections from their other
writings. The Letters of the Martyrs; collected and pub.
in 1564, with a Preface by Miles Coverdale, and with in-
troductory Remarks by E. B., Lon., 1837, 8vo.
The Christian's Family Library, 40 vols. 12mo; con-
sisting of Biog., Hist., Pract., and Devotional Works, Ori
ginal and Selected. Mr. B. also edited The Harmony of
the Gospels, Christian Psalmody, and the Walton Tracts.
"Mr. Bickersteth is justly entitled to rank among the most use-
ful writers of the present day. His name is no inconsiderable
recommendation of any work, and no slight security for its ex-
cellence."
Accurate Disquisitions in Physic,
Bickerton, G.
Lon., 1719, Svo.
Bickham, George. First Principles of Heraldry,
Lon., (1742,) Svo.
"A work of no value, consisting of pp. 12. The title as well as
the whole book is engraved."-LOWNDES.
Universal Penman, Lon., 1743, fol., engraved. British
Monarchy, Lon., 1748.
Monarchy, Lon., 1748. Other works.
Biddle, John, 1615-1662, a noted Socinian writer,
was born at Wootton-under-Edge, in Gloucestershire, and
read-educated at Magdalen College, Oxford. After suffering
imprisonment for his publications, he was banished by
Cromwell to the castle at St. Mary's, one of the Scilly
Islands. He was restored to liberty in 1658, and returned
to London. When only 19 he pub. Virgil's Bucolicks
Englished; whereunto is added The Translation of the
First Two Satyrs of Juvenal, Lon., 1634, Svo. In 1647
he pub. Twelve Arguments on Questions drawn out of the
Scripture, wherein the commonly received Opinion touch-
ing the Deity of the Holy Spirit is clearly and fully Re-
futed, Lon., 4to. This work caused his imprisonment, and
he was summoned to the bar of the House of Commons,
by which a resolution was passed,
Bicknell, Alex. Hist. and Poet. Works, Lon., 1777-92.
Bicknell, J. L. Proceedings against G. Wilson, Svo.
Bicknoll, Edm. Sworde against Swaryng, Lon., Svo.
Biddle, Charles J., b. 1819, at Philadelphia, son of
Nicholas Biddle, served in the United States Army during
the war with Mexico; wrote The Case of Major André,
in Memoirs of Historical Society of Penna., vol. vi.: see
MAHON, PHILIP HENRY, LORD, No. 3, p. 1204, (post.)
Biddle, Clement Cornell, 1784-1854, edited Po-
litical Economy, from the French of J. B. Say, by C. R.
Prinsep, Bost., 1821, 2 vols. 8vo; last ed., Phila., 1851,
Svo. Commended by Dugald Stewart, 1824.
"That the house being acquainted with a blasphemous Pamphlet
in print, entitled, &c. by John Biddle, Master of Arts, all printed
copies should be seized and burned by the common hangilan, in
Cheapside and at Westminster."
In 1648 he pub. A Confession of Faith touching the
Holy Trinity, according to Scripture; for this and another
work, The Testimony of the Fathers to these Doctrines,
the author was sentenced to death. This sentence was
not put in execution, but he was again imprisoned. The
Confession of Faith was reviewed by Nic. Estwick, B.D.,
Lon., 1656, 4to. In 1654 he pub. A Brief Scripture Cate-
chism, Lon., Svo. This was answered by Dr. John Owen
in his Vindiciae Evangelicæ; or the Mystery of the Gospel
Vindicated against the Socinians, &c., Oxf., 1655, 4to.
Cloppenburgius also attacked Biddle in his Vindiciae pro
Deitate Spiritus Sancti ; adversus Joan. Bidellum Anglum.
Francf., 1652, 4to, etc. Biddle also pub. A Twofold Scrip-
ture Catechism, Lon., 1654, 12mo, and History of the
Unitarians, also called Socinians, and some comments on
the Revelation. See his Life by Rev. Joshua Toulmin,
(1789, 8vo,) who styles him the Father of the English
Unitarians.
"He had in him a sharp and quick judgment, and a prodigious
memory; and being very industrious withal, was in a capacity of
devouring all he read. He was wonderfully well versed in the
Scriptures, and could not only repeat all St. Paul's epistles in Eng-
lish, but also in the Greek tongue, which made him a ready dis-
putant. He was accounted by those of his persuasion a sober man
in his discourse, and to have nothing of impiety, folly, or scur
rility to proceed from him: Also, so devout, that he seldom or
never prayed without being prostrate or flat on the ground.".
| Athen. Oxon.
S
Biddle, Nicholas, 1786-1844, a native of Philadel-
phia, and graduate of Princeton College, was an energetic
member of the legislature of Pennsylvania, and held the
post of President of the United States Bank from 1823 to
1839. Mr. Biddle's literary taste was of a high order.
He edited for some time the Philadelphia Port-Folio, and
contributed many articles to its pagos. He compiled from
the original papers a history of Lewis and Clarke's expe-
dition to the Pacific Ocean, and prepared by request of
the President of the United States a volume put forth by
Congress, entitled Commercial Digest, &c. A number
of his Essays, Speeches, &c. have been given to the
world, and evince great vigour of mind and classical taste
of no ordinary character. A well-written biographical
sketch of Mr. Biddle, by Judge Robt. T. Conrad, of Phila.,
will be found in the American National Fortrait Gallery,
186
1
BID
BIG
Biddle, Owen. Astronom. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1769,
and to Trans. Amer. Soc., 1789.
Biddle, Richard, 1796-1847, brother of Nicholas,
was eminent as an author, a jurist, and a statesman. A
Review of Captain Basil Hall's Travels in North America
in the Years 1827 and 1828, by an American, 1830, 8vo.
A Memoir of Sebastian Cabot; with a Review of the His-
tory of Maritime Discovery, illustrated by Documents
from the Rolls, now first published, Phila. and Lon., 1831,
8vo; Lon., 1832: anon.
• Á most elaborate and successful examination into the records
of the past, for the sake of doing justice to the character of an
eminent man, whose merits have been strangely overlooked by
most historians and biographers. The author has accomplished
his task with signal ability, and has dispelled the darkness which
prejudice and carelessness had suffered to gather over the fair fame
of a great navigator." See a review of this work by Mr. G.
Hillard in the N. American Review. xxxiv. 405.
See also Westm. Rev., xvi. 22; Lon. Month. Rev., cxxv.
514; Lon. Athenæum, 1847, 939.
Biddulph, Thomas Tregenna, 1763-1838, was a
native of Claines in Worcestershire. He was of Queen's
College, Oxford; B. A., 1784; M. A., 1787. He was or-
dained deacon 1785, priest, 1788. He was minister of St.
James's from 1798 until his death in 1838. His character
commended him to the love and esteem of all men.
This work has also been favourably noticed in the Lite-
S.rary Gazette; Literary Chronicle; La Belle Assemblée
Month. Mag., &c. &c. Travels in Malta and Sicily, 1831,
8vo. Commended in Prescott's Philip II., 1856, ii. 504.
Bigelow, Artemas, b. 1818, in Mass.; grad. Wes.
leyan Univ.; botanist and scientific writer. Contrib. Sand
stone Formation of Alabama, in Silliman's Journal, &c.
Practical Essays on the Morning and Evening Services
and Collects in the Liturgy, 1799, 12mo, 5 vols. 2d edit.,
1810, 3 vols. 3d edit., 1822, 8vo, 3 vols.
"The whole are distinguished for their spirit of piety and at-
tention to practical utility."-British Critic.
"These Essays have already received a very honourable testi-
mony from the British Critic; such, however, is the importance of
their object, and the ability with which that object is pursued by
their author, that we are anxious to introduce and recommend
them to those of our readers who may not be already acquainted
with them."—-Lmdm Christian Observer.
"These Essays have been read with pleasure and improvement
by many whose opinions do not altogether accord with those of
Mr. Biddulph.”—London Quarterly Review.
Letter to John Hay, 1801, Svo. An Appéal to the Public
Impartiality, 1801, Svo. Sermons, 1801, 3, '4, '5. Bap-
tism a Seal of the Christian Covenant, &c., (in opposition
to Dr. Mant,) 1816, Svo. See Considerations on the Doc-
trine of Baptism, and on Conversion, as connected with
the Evang. Discharge of the Pastoral Function, Lon., 1816,
Svo. This is a Review of the publications of the Rev.
Dr. Mant, and Messrs. Biddulph, Scott, and Bugg, re-
printed from the Eclectic Review for May and June, 1816.
Search after Truth in Holy Scriptures, Bristol, 1818, Svo.
Lectures on the Divine Influence or Operations of the Holy
Spirit, Bristol, 1824, Svo.
Co
Many valuable and excellent remarks on the history of the
influence of the Spirit."-BICKERSTETH.
An Essay on the Doctrine of the First Resurrection,
Lon., 1834, 8vo.
"Though the author has come to a different conclusion, he gladly
records that the strength of the argument for a spiritual resurrec
tion is here stated in the meekness of wisdom and love.”—BICKER-
STETH.
The Doctrine of Baptismal Regeneration as it has been
stated in some recent tracts, weighed in the Balance
of the Sanctuary. In three Dialogues, Lon., 1837, Svo.
The Young Churchman Armed; a Catechism for junior
members of the Church of England, Lon., 1836, 18mo.
Plain and Practical Sermons, intended chiefly for Family
Reading and Parochial Libraries. Three series, Lon., 1838,
12mo. Theology of the Ancient Patriarchs, (a defence of
the Hutchinsonian Philosophy,) 2 vols. 8vo. Inconsist-
ency of Conformity to the World, 12mo. Lectures on
Psalm li. 12mo.
Biddulph, Will. and Pet. Travels of four Eng-
lishmen and a Preacher into Africa, Asia, Troy, Bythinia,
Thracia, and to the Black Sea; and into Syria, &c., Lon.,
1612, 4to; Black letter. Gordonstoun, 383, £4 58.
Bidingfield, James, Surgeon. A Compendium of
Medical Practice; illustrated by Cases, 1816, Sro.
Bidlake, John, 1755-1814, born at Plymouth, edu-
cated at Christ Church, Oxford, and head-master of the
Grammar School at Plymouth. He pub. a number of ser-
mons, poems, &c., 1787-1813. Sermons on various Sub-
jects, 3 vols, 1795, Svo.
"Agreeable effusions of pulpit oratory."-LOWNDES.
Dr. Drake, a good authority, speaks highly of Bidlake's
pocms.
Bidulph, Miss Sidney. Memoirs, 1760, 3 vols, 12mo.
Bidwell, R. Covenant of Grace, Lon., 1657, 12mo.
Bielefeld, C. F. Treatise on Papier Maché for
Decorations, Lon., 4to, £2 28.
Bieston, Roger. Bayte and Snare of Fortune, Lon.,
zol., Sykes, £3 108.; Inglis, 179.
Bifield. See BYFIELD.
Bigelow, Andrew, of Massachusetts. Leaves from
a Journal; or, Sketches of Rambles in some parts of North
Britain and Ireland in 1817; Bost. 1821, 8vo.
"We have read these Sketches with great and increasing plea-
sure, and we know of few works of a similar character executed
and the manner lively, buoyant, and what some critics would call
in a happier manner. The style is original, chaste, and classical;
refreshing. His Excursion from Edinburgh to Dublin will bear
to be read over and over again with renewed pleasure and delight.
So will also his Tour to Loch Katrine and the Grampians: his
Visit to the Grave of Colonel Gardiner; bis Pilgrimage to Melrose
and Dryburgh Abbey; but particularly his Day in Lorn. The lat
ter is exquisitely romantic: and whoever can read it without plea-
sure, can never hope to derive pleasure from works of a descriptive
and romantic character."-European Magazine.
Bigelow, George Tyler, and George Bemis.
Report of the Trial of Abner Rogers for Murder, Boston,
1844, Svo.
Bigelow, Jacob, M.D., LL.D., b. 1787, at Sudbury,
Mass.; graduated at Harvard College, 1806; Rumford Pro-
fessor, and Lecturer on Materia Medica and Botany, in
Harvard University since 1816. Florula Bostoniensis: a
Collection of Plants of Boston and its Environs, &c., Boston,
1814, Svo; 2d ed., greatly enlarged, Boston, 1824, 8vo; 3d
ed., enlarged, Boston, 1840, 12mo, pp. 468. American
Medical Botany, Cambridge, Mass., 1817-21, r. Svo, 3 vols..
1817. See Lon. Phil. Mag. for 1817.
"We have no hesitation in saying explicitly that the work just
analyzed has advanced the science to which it has been devoted,
and that we look forward with earnestness for the remaining
volumes.”—N. Amer. Rev., vi. 368.
“We find that he has not only described the botanical properties
of his plants with great accuracy.-which is more than can be said
of his predecessors.-but he has also done it with perspicuity and
elegance of expression."-N. Amer. Rev., xiii. 123.
The Useful Arts Considered in Connexion with the Ap-
plications of Science, Bost., 1840, 2 vols. 12mo. This is
the title of The Elements of Technology. Nature in Disease
an enlargement of a similar work which appeared under
Illustrated in Various Discoveries and Essays; to which are
added Miscellaneous Writings, chiefly on Medical Subjects,
Bost., 1854, pp. 391. Dr. Bigelow edited, with Notes, Sir
J. E. Smith's Botany, 1814, Svo, was one of the contributors
to the Monthly Anthology, and is the author of many grace-
ful and witty pieces of poetry which have from time to
time appeared. He is the reputed author of a poetical
jeu d'esprit, containing imitations of several American
poets, under the title of Eolopoesis. N. York, 12mo.
Bigelow, John, b. 1817, at Malden, Ulster county,
New York; associate editor and proprietor of the New
York Evening Post. Jamaica in 1850, or the Effects of
Sixteen Years of Freedom on a Slave Colony. Mr. B. has
contributed to the N. York Review and the Democratic
Review. His articles on Constitutional Reform, originally
pub. in the last-named periodical, were subsequently issued
in pamphlet form. To the same journal be contributed an
article on Lucian, a review of Anthon's Classical Die-
tionary, and a rejoinder to Prof. Anthon's reply.
tionary, and a rejoinder to Prof. Anthon's reply.
Bigelow, Lewis. A Digest of the Reported Cases
in the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, contained
in the 17 vols. of Mass. Reports, and the 1st of Picker-
ing's Reports. 2d ed. Sro, Boston, 1825.
6+
The author does not, as we conceive, draw the line with suffi•
cient distinctness between the points of a case which are solemnly
decided as law, and the obiter dicta of the Court, their queries,
extra-judicial remarks, and opinions delivered arguendo."-3 U.S.
Rev. 201.
A Digest of Pickering's Reports, vols. ii.-vii., being a sup.
to the Digest of the previous volumes of the Mass. Re-
ports, Svo, Boston, 1830.
"The above digests are now superseded by Minot's Digest, q. v."
Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Bigelow, Timothy, 1767-1821, was a son of Colonel
Timothy Bigelow, who served in Arnold's expedition to
Quebec, and commanded the 16th regiment in the Revo-
lutionary War. The subject of this notice was born at
Worcester, Massachusetts, graduated at Harvard College
in 1786, and commenced the practice of the Law in 1789,
at Groton. He was a prominent member of the legisla-
ture for more than 20 years, and for 11 years was tho
speaker of the House of Representatives.
"A learned, eloquent, and popular lawyer. It has been com
puted that during a practice of thirty-two years he argued not less
than 15,000 cases. His usual antagonist was Samuel Dana. Over
I
187-
BIG
BIL
the assembly of six or seven hundred legislators of Massachusetts
he presided with great dignity and energy."
He pub. an Oration before the Phi Beta Kappa Society,
1797. An Extract from his Eulogy on S. Dana is in the
Historical Collection. See Allen's American Bing. Dict.;
Jennison; Marine Hist. Coll., i. 363, 388, 409; Mass. Hist.
Coll.. s. s. ii. 235, 252.
Bigg, J. Stanyau, is one of a new school of poets
of the terrific order. Night and the Soul; a Dramatic
Poem, Lon., 1854.
Bigge, Thomas. Political Treatises, 1794-95, 8vo.
Bigger, J. and H. Dunn. The Revised Statutes of
the State of Indiana, Svo. Indianapolis, 1845, Svo.
Biggin, George. Hort. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1799.
Biggs, Arthur. Con. to Trans. Horticult. Soc. i. 63.
Biggs, James. Hist. of Miranda, &c., Lon., 1809, 8vo.
Biggs, Noah. On the Vanity of the Craft of Physic,
or a new Dispensatory; with a Motion for Refining the
Universities, and the whole Landscape of Physic, and dis-
covering the Terra Incognita of Chymistry, Lon., 1651, 4to.
This author does not seem to have lacked self-confidence.
Biggs, Richard. Of the Truth, &c., Bath, 1770,
12mo. This author takes to task Pope and his doughty
mastiff defender, Warburton.
Biggs, Wm. Milt. Hist. of Europe, 1739-48, Lon.,
1755, Svo.
Bigland, John, d. 1832, a schoolmaster, born at Skir-
laugh in Holderness, pub. several valuable works. Letters
on the Study and Use of Ancient and Modern History,
Lon., 1804, 12mo.
..
· Mr. Bigland displays in this volume a well-cultivated and
comprehensive mind. His style is generally correct; his informa-
tion is extensive, and the many pertinent remarks and inferences
with which he has enriched this summary of general history, meet
our ordial approbation."-Lon. Monthly Review.
"He has suffered no opportunity to escape him of blending re-
lirious and moral lessons with his instructions, and he deserves
the highest praise for the total exclusiou of all indelicate expres-
sions."-Anti-Jacobin Rev.
Letters on Natural History, exhibiting a View of the
Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of the Deity, &c., Lon.,
1806, Svo.
"We recommend our young readers to peruse the present work
as a compilation of very useful and entertaining information."
The History of Spain to 1809, Lon., 1810, 2 vols. 8vo.
"The author has produced a pleasing and useful work.”—Lon.
Eclectic Review.
Essays on Various Subjects, Doncaster, 1805, 2 vols. 8vo.
"These essays are marked by a philosophical and unprejudiced
spirit of investigation on all subjects.”—Annual Review.
<<
They contain much good sense, expressed in neat and perspi
cuous language."-British Critic.
A System of Geography and History.
"A very pleasing picture of the past and present state of man-
kind, &c."-London Critical Review.
Bigland, Ralph, 1711-1784, Garter Principal King
at Arms, was a native of Westmoreland. Observations on
Marriages, Baptisms, and Burials, as preserved in Pa-
rochial Registers.
"A very curious book, containing much valuable information
for the genealogist."
He made large collections for a history
Rather of the Inhabitants of Gloucestershire than of the Shire
itself,"
A portion of which was pub. by his son RICHARD BIG-
LAND. Esq., in 1792. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
Bigland, Richard. See above.
Bigland, Wm. The Mechanics' Guide, Lon.. 1795, 8vo.
Biglow, William, 1773-1844, b. at Natick, Massa-
chusetts. History of the Town of Natick, Massachusetts,
from 1650 to the Present Time; and also of Sherburne,
Mass., from its Incorporation to the End of the Year
1330, Bost., 1830, 8vo. He contributed articles in prose
and verse to many of the journals of the day.
Bignell, Henry, 1611-1660? an English clergyman,
was educated at Brasenose College, and St. Mary's Hall,
Oxford. The Son's Portion, Lon., 1640, 8vo. English
Proverbs, &c. Wood gives any thing but a flattering pic-
|
|
ture of this author.
Bigot, (Tanner,) Bagot, (Strype,) Bygod, (Wood,)
Sir Francis, pub. A Treatise concerning Impropriations
of Benefices, Lon., 1571(?) 4to, and 1646, 4to.
"The author's purpose was chiefly bent against the monasteries,
who had unjustly gotten very many parsonages into their pos-
session, as it had been complained of long before his time, especially
by Dr. Thos. Gascoigne, a Yorkshire man born. The said Bygod
translated also divers Latin books into English, which I have not
yet seen.”—Athen. Oxon
Bigsby, R. Old Places Revisited, or the Antiquarian
Enthusiast, 3 vols. Lon., 1851, Svo. An interesting work
on the Antiquities, Manners, Customs, and Persons of Old
England, illust. by Anecdotes. Poems and Essays, 8vo.
1
"We are well pleased with this publication. It is a useful un-
dertaking, well executed."--British Critic.
"This little historic digest. collected from most unexceptionable
authors, is executed with great neatness and propriety."-Lon.plified,
Critical Review.
Bill, Anna. Mirror of Modestie, Lon., 1621, 8vo;
prefixed is a portrait of Anna Bill, followed by Verses to
her Memory, Bindley, £3 16s.
Billing, Robert. Carrots for Cattle, Lon., 1765, Svo.
Billing, Sidney. A Practical Treatise on the Law
of Awards and Arbitrations, &c., Lon., 1845, Svo.
“As far as our means of judging go, we think Mr. Billing has
executed his task with great ability and success, and has given a
useful work to the profession.”
Billinghurst, George. Legal Treatises, Lon.,1674-76.
Billings, Joseph, Commodore. Expedition to the
Northern Parts of Russia, Lon., 1802, 4to. Written by
Martin Sauer; another account was pub. in Russian by
Captain Saretschewya.
Billings, Peter. Folly Predominant, 1755.
Billings, R, W. Baronial and Ecclesiastical Anti-
quities of Scotland, 4 vols. 4to, with 240 engravings by
Finden and others, pub. at £S Ss.; large paper, £12 128.,
Edinburgh, 1851.
effect.
The first work which, either in point of extent or of style, has
any claim to be regarded as a collection worthy of the remains yet
spared to Scotland; and the plates are large enough to admit of
the distinct delineation of minute peculiarities. Mr. Billings is a
masterly draughtsman, well skilled in the history and characteris-
tics of architectural style, having an excellent eye for perspective,
and uniting scrupulous fidelity to good taste and knowledge of
His engravings do him justice, and altogether nothing can
be more satisfactory than his representations."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
Architecture of Carlisle Cathedral, 1839, 4to. Do. Dur-
ham Cathedral, 1844, 4to. Do. Durham County, 4to.
Do. Kettering Church, 4to. Do. Temple Church, 4to.
Geometrical Projection of Gothic Architecture, 1840, 4to.
Gothic Panelling in Brancepeth Church, 4to. Do. Carlisle
Cathedral, 1841, 4to. Infinity of Geometric Design Exem-
1849, 4to. Power of Form applied to Geometric
Tracery, r. Sro.
Billingsley. Sermons, 1716-1741.
Billingsley, Sir Henry, d. 1606, a mathematician,
educated at Oxford, and Lord Mayor of London in the reign
of Elizabeth, studied mathematics under Mr. Whitehead,
who resided in his house for many years. Sir Henry pub.
a translation of Euclid into English, in which he incorpo-
rated the valuable MS. notes of his deceased friend and
preceptor; Lon., 1570, fol. To this work Dr. John Dee
prefixed a learned introduction.
Billingsley, John. Strong Comfort for Weak Chris-
Other works.
tians, Lon., 1656, 4to.
Billingsley, John. Sermons, 1700-27. 25 Sermons
against Popery, Lon., 1723, 8vo.
"His discourses are solid and judicious, the result of mature
thought and diligent preparation."-WILSON.
He wrote the Exposition of Jude in the continuation of
Henry's Commentary.
Billingsley, John. General View of the Agriculture
of the County of Somerset, Bath, 1798, Svo.
"This has been justly reckoned a superior work of the kind.”.
Donaldson's Agricult. Bing.
Billingsley, Martin. Pen's Excellencie, or the
Secretary's Delight, Lon., 1641, 4to. A Copy Book, 1623.
Billingsley, Nicholas. Brachy-Martyrologia, or
a Breviary of all the greatest Persecutions which have
befallen the Saints and People of God from the Creation
to our present time; paraphrased, Lon., 1657, 8vo.
"It can serve indeed as little more than an Index to copious
works on the same subject; but such an index is not without its
value, from having a chronological arrangement"- Restituta,
iv. 454.
The Infancy of the World, Lon., 1658, 8vo.
See British Bibliographer, ii. 643, and Restituta, iv. 454, 458,
Billingsley also pub. Treasury of Divine Raptures, Lon,
1667, 8vo. and some other works. See Bibl. Anglo-Poe-
tica, 52, 53, 54, where the above works are priced £3 38.,
£3 10%., and £3 38.
Billingsley, Nicholas. Theolog. and Biograph.
works, Lon., 1717, '21, '28.
Billington, Rev. Linus W., b. 1802, in New Jer-
sey. Review of Davis's Revelations, &c.
Billyns. Five Wounds of Christ, a Poem from au
ancient Parchment Roll. Published by W. Bateman,
Manchester, 1814, 4to. Black Letter, with fac-similes,
25 copies printed.
Bilson, Thomas, 1536-1616, a native of Winchester,
was educated at the school of that place, and in 1565 ad-
mitted perpetual Fellow of New College, Oxford. He was
Master of Winchester School, Prebendary of the Cathe-
dral, and afterwards Warden of the College in the same
168
BIL
BIN
tity. He was made Bishop of Worcester in 1596, and in
1597 was translated to Winchester. The True Difference
between Christian Subjection and Unchristian Rebellion,
Oxf., 1585, 4to. This work was directed against the sup-
posed political principles of the Romanists, and vindicated
the supremacy of Queen Elizabeth, and her interference in
favour of the Protestants of the Low Countries.
■
"This book, which served her design for the present, did contri-
bute much to the ruin of her successor, K. Ch. I. To justify
the revolt of Holland. Bilson gave strange liberty in many cases,
especially concerning religion, for subjects to cast off their obedi-
ence.... There is not any book that the Presbyterians have made
more dangerous use of against their prince, (Ch. I.,) than that
which his predecessor commanded to be written to justify her
against the King of Spain.”—Athen. Ozon.
The Perpetual Gouernment of Christe's Church, &c.,
Lon., 1593, 1610, 4to. In Latin, 1611, 4to. This is con-
sidered one of the best arguments for Episcopacy. A new
edit., with a Biog. notice by Rev. Robert Eden, Oxf.,
1812, Svo.
•
•
The Effect of Certaine Sermons, touching the Full Re-
demption of Mankind by the Death and Blood of Christ
Jesus, &c., Lon., 1598, 8vo.
"These sermons, preached at Paul's Cross, made great alarm
among the puritanical brethren."-WOOD.
Henry Jacob answered it, and Bilson replied in The
Survey of Christ's Sufferings for Man's Redemption, &c.,
Lon., 1604, fol. Repub. in Tracts of Ang. Fathers, ii. 73.
Sermon on Rom. xiii. 4; Lon., 1604, 8vo.
66
The care of revising and putting the last hand to the new
translation of the English Bible in King James 1st reign, was
committed to our author, and to Dr. Miles Smith, afterwards
Bishop of Gloucester."
"He was as reverend and learned a prelate as England ever af
forded, a deep and profound scholar, exactly read in Ecclesiastical
authors."-WOOD.
"An excellent civilian, and a very great scholler."-SIR AN-
THONY WELDON,
"A deep and profound scholar, excellently well read in the
fathers."-FULLER.
A very grave man; and how great a divine, if any one knows
not, let him consult his learned writings.”—Bishop GooDWIN.
"I find but foure lines (in Bishop Goodwin's book) concerning
him; and if I should give him his due, in proportion to the rest,
I should spend foure leaves.”—SIR JOHN HARRINGTON. See Chal-
mers's B.D.; Bing. Brit.; Athen. Oxon.: Harrington's Brief View.
Bilstone, John. Sermons, 1749-63.
Binck, James. Collectio de xxxii. Iconibus Deorum
Ac Dearum Gentilium ære incisis, 1530, fol. A scarce work.
Binckes, Wm. Sermons, &c., 1702-10.
Bindley, James, Senior Commissioner of the Stamp
Office. Statutes Relating to the Stamp Duties, Lon., 1775,
4to. This gentleman is the LEONTES celebrated by Dr.
Dibdin in his Bibliomania, and in the Bibliographical
Decameron. He was noted for knowledge of books and
his valuable Library. Mr. John Nichols paid him a de-
served compliment by dedicating to him the most valuable
collection of literary treasures in the language-Nichols's
Literary Anecdotes. See NICHOLS, John.
To the 1st edit. of this work Mr. Bindley was a con-
tributor.
"LISARDO. Gratify a curiosity that I feel to know the name and
character of yonder respectably-looking gentleman, in the dress of
the old school, who is speaking in so gracious a manner to Ber-
nardo.
“TiS LEONTES: a man of taste, and an accomplished antiquary.
Even yet he continues to gratify his favourite passion for book
and print collecting: although his library is at once choice and
copious, and his collection of prints exquisitely fine. . . . Like
Atticus [Richard Heber, Esq.] he is liberal in the loan of his trea-
sures; and, as with him, so 'tis with Leontes-the spirit of book-
collecting assumes the dignity of a virtue.' Peace and comfort
be the attendant spirits of Leontes, through life and in death: the
happiness of a better world await him beyond the grave! His
memory will always be held in reverence by honest biblioma-
niacs.”—Bibliomania, ed. 1842, 133,
Some six years later Dibdin again notices this worthy
character:
"Dear as the ruddy drops that warm my heart are the name
and the virtues of Leontes! That excellent and venerable cha-
racter yet lives; lives in the increased estimation of his long-tried
friends, and in the very plenitude and zenith of bibliomaniacal
reputation. Can human felicity go beyond this? Rich in good
works' as well as in good books. ... Gaze therefore with respect
and admiration upon the numerous and well-selected tomes of
which the library of the venerable gentleman is composed: and
wish that he who knows how to make such an excellent use of
them, may yet live to complete his term of a thousand years."".
Bibliographical Decameron, iii. 26, 412.
Binfield, Wm. Travels and Adventures, 2 vols.
Lon., 1753.
Being elected Fellow of All Souls' College, he formed an
intimacy with William (afterwards Sir William) Black-
stone, who assisted him in the preparation of his Stem-
mata Chicheliana. His principal works are a Vindication
of the Doctrine and Liturgy of the Church of England,
Oxf., 1774, 8vo. This was occasioned by Mr. T. Lindsey's
Apology for Quitting his Living, Lon., 1774, 8vo. An
Essay on the Millennium, &c., Lon., 1804, 2 vols. 8vo, and
Essays, Disputations, and Sermons, to which are prefixed
Memoirs of the Author's Life, by Peregrine Bingham,
1804, 2 vols. 8vo. These four vols. were pub. by his son.
Also see Biographical Anecdotes of the Rev. John Bing-
ham, being part of the Bib. Top. Brit., reprinted, with ad-
ditions, 1813, 4to, and fol.
6.
It has been justly remarked to his honour and credit, that be
never made an acquaintance by whom he was not highly respected,
or formed an intimacy that was not permanent.”
;
Bingham, Joseph, 1668-1723, the celebrated author
of Origines Ecclesiasticæ, was a native of Wakefield in
Yorkshire. In 1684 he was admitted a member of Uni-
versity Collège, Oxford. He took the degree of B. A.
in 1688, M. A. in 1691. He was elected Fellow of his
College in 1689. By the kindness of the eminent Dr.
Radcliffe he was presented, upon resignation of his fel-
lowship, to the rectory of Headbourn-Worthy in Hamp-
shire, with about £100 a year. Some six or seven years
after this event he married a daughter of Richard Pococke,
grandfather of the celebrated author of the Description of
the East. Feeling the great want which existed of a good
work upon Ecclesiastical Antiquities. Bingham determined
to endeavour to supply the void. His disadvantages were
great: ill health, large family, small means, and almost
without books. Fortunately the latter want was supplied
by his opportunity of access to the excellent library of the
cathedral church of Winchester, the bequest of Bishop
Morley.
* Even this was deficient in many works to which he had occa-
sion to refer; and yet when we turn to the Index Auctorum at
the end of his work. we shall perhaps be astonished at the vast
number of books which he appears to have consulted. But to
such straits was he driven for want of books, that he frequently
procured imperfect copies at a cheap rate, and then employed a
portion of that time, of which so small a portion was allotted him,
and which therefore could so ill be so spared, in the tedious task
of transcribing the deficient pages: instances of which are still in
being, and serve as memorials of his indefatigable industry on
|
all occasions."
The author remarks:
"I confess that this work will suffer something in my hands
for want of several books, which I have no opportunity to see, nor
ability to purchase. The chief assistance I have hitherto had is
from the noble benefaction of one, who being dead, yet speaketh ; I
mean the renowned Bishop Morley."
He pub. the 1st vol. (Origines Ecclesiasticæ, or the An-
tiquities of the Christian Church) in 1708, and the 10th
and last in 1722, Svo. Whole works, 1726, 2 vols. fol.
Translated into Latin. with the words of the quotations
given by Grischovius. Hallæ,1724–29, and again in 1751.
The author left MS. corrections, which were incorporated in
an edition edited by his great-grandson, in 8 vols. 8vo. 1829. Two
editions have since that date appeared under the able editorship
of the Rev. J. R. Pitman, in which the passages referred to are
given in the original words. The Rev. Richard Bingham. son of
the former editor, has prepared an edition which, when published,
will be of great importance, as he has verified all the quotations,
some of which had escaped the research of Grischovius and Mr.
Pitman. An edition of the Ecclesiastical Antiquities only, as it
originally appeared, is in print, in 2 vols. imperial Svo.”—Darling's
Cyc. Bibliographica,
It is an interesting bibliographical incident that the
valuable labours of Mr. Bingham should be revised by his
great-great-grandson after a lapse of 130 years. Mr. Bing-
ham also wrote: The French Church's Apology for the
History of Lay Baptism, two parts, Lon.. 1712. 2 vols. 8vo.
Church of England, &c., Lon., 1706, Svo. A Scholastical
A Discourse concerning the Mercy of God to Penitent Sin-
ners and a Discourse on Absolution, in his Works, 2 vols.
fol., 1726.
Before the publication of vols. ix. and x. of his Origines,
Mr. Bingham was sorely tried by the conduct of a Mr. A.
Blackamore, who pub. in 1722, 2 vols. 8vo. A Summary of
Christian Antiquities, &c., which Mr. Bingham declared to
be, for the most part, an abridgment of the S vols, upon
which he had bestowed Twenty years' hard labour.'
He thus discourses upon the matter in the preface to vols.
ix. and x.:
Bingham, Caleb, of Boston, Massachusetts, was
author of the Hunters; Young Lady's Accidence, 1789;
Epistolary Correspondence; The Columbian Orator.
"When I had finished these two volumes, and completed the
whole work that I intended. and sent it to the press. hoping to give
myself a little rest and vacation from hard labour. I was immedi-
ately called to a new work by a book that was sent me. bearing
the title of Ecclesia Primitive Notitia in a Summary of Christian
Antiquities. To which is prefixed an Index Hæreticus. contain-
Bingham, George, 1715-1800, a native of Dorset,
was eluvated at Westminster, and Christ Church, Oxford.ing a short account of all the ncipal heresies since the rise of
189
BIN
BIN
Christianity; and subjoined A Brief Account of the Eight First
General Councils, dedicated to the venerable Society for Propagat
ing the Gospel in Foreign Parts, by A. Blackamore, in two volumes
Svo, Lon., 1722. I confess, I was very much surprised at first with
the title and epistle dedicatory, thinking it to be some new work,
that had done some mighty thing, either in correcting my mistakes,
or supplying my deficiencies, after twenty years' hard labour in
compiling my Origines for the use of the church. But as soon as
I looked into the preface, and a little into the book itself, I found
it to be only a transcript of some part of my Origines, under the
notion of an epitome, though no such thing is said in the title-
page... If he had done it in a genteel way, by asking leave,
and under direction, he should have had my leave and encourage-
ment also. Or if he had done it usefully, so as truly to answer
the end he pretends, even without leave, he should have my par-
don. But now he has defeated his own design, both by unneces
sary and hurtful additions of his own, which will not only incom-
mode and encumber his books, but render them dangerous and
pernicious to unwary readers, unless timely antidoted and cor-
rected by some more skilful hand. For which reason, since they
are sent into the world together with an abstract of my Antiqui-
ties, I have thought it just both to the world and myself to make
some proper animadversions on them."
The justly indignant author then proceeds in a long
bill of indictments to substantiate his charge. The griev-
ance complained of was one to which all authors are
liable, and the more meritorious their productions the
greater the risk. Mr. Pitman's last edit., referred to be-
fore, was pub. in 1840, in 9 vols. Svo. (See proceding no-
tice of forthcoming edition, by the Rev. Richard Bingham.)
To those unacquainted with the value of the work, it
may be useful to give an analysis of the Twenty-three
Books, of which the Antiquities is composed:
1. Of Christianity in general; the Names and Orders of
both Clergy and Laity.
2. The Laws of the First Councils.
3. Of the Inferior Clerical Laws.
4. Of the Election and Ordination of the Clergy; Quali-
fications, &c.
5. Clerical Privileges, Immunities, and Revenues.
6. The Laws and Rules of their Lives, Services,
viour, &c.
7. Of the Ascetics.
10. Of the Catechisms, and first use of Creeds.
11. On the Administration of Baptism.
12. On Confirmation.
13. Of Divine Worship in the Ancient Congregations.
14. Of the Service of the Catechumens.
by these repeated abridgments of it, as well as by the
manifold use of it made in other writings."
15. Of the Communion Service.
16. Of the Unity and Discipline of the Church.
17. Of the Exercise and Discipline among the Clergy.
18. Of the Penitential Laws and Rules for doing Public
Penance.
19. Of Absolution.
20. On the Festivals.
21. On the Fasts.
22. On the Marriage Rites.
23. On the Funeral Rites.
"Most strongly and vehemently do I recommend Bingham's
Antiquities of the Christian Church; he justly ranks among our
brightest church luminaries. Jortin knew the value of his labours;
Gibbon stole from them, and they have been translated and reve
renced all over the Continent."-DIBDIN.
"Opus ipsum Binghami tam egregium est, ut merito inter libros,
quibus Antiquitates Ecclesiasticae universæ enarrata sunt, prin-
cipatum teneat, sive ad rerum copiam atque apparatum; sive ad
earum explanationem animum advertere velimus. Commendat
illud se adcuratiori ordine, argumentis solidis; sive testimoniis,
quæ ex ipsis fontibus hausta ac diligenter adducta sunt, perspicui-
tate atque aliis virtutibus. Ac quamvis auctor, iis addictus, qui
in Anglia pro episcoporum auctoritate pugnant, ad horum senten-
tias veteris ecclesiæ instituta trahat; animi tamen moderationem,
quum in his rebus versatur, ostendit ac si quæ corrigenda sunt."
-WALCHII: Bibliotheca Theologica, vol. iii. p. 671.
The Lon. Quarterly Review, in an article on Christian Burial,
says: "This is traced by Bingham with his usual crudition;" and
in speaking of psalmody in the early Christian Church, "of this
Bingham produces abundant evidence." And again, in an article
on the Architecture of Early Christian Churches, "much informa-
tion on this subject is collected in the Origines Ecclesiastica of
Bingham, a writer who does equal honour to the English clergy
and to the English nation, and whose learning is to be equalled
only by his moderation and impartiality."-Vols. xxi. xxvii. xxviii.
"Let Bingham be consulted where he treats of such matters as
you meet with, that have any difficulty in them."-Dr. Water-
land's Advice to a Young Student.
8. Of their Councils, Churches, &c.
9. Of the Divisions into Provinces, Dioceses, and Pa- Tracts for the Times published at Oxford.
rishes; with the Origin of these Divisions.
"This is an invaluable Treatise of Christian Antiquities, and
deserves the first place in works of this kind: the plan and the
execution do equal honour to the learning and industry of the
author."ORME: Bibliotheca Biblica.
"For the elucidation of the Antiquities of the Church, we can-
not refer to a higher authority than that of Bingham. Joseph
and graduated at University College, Oxford. 1683. He was pre-
Bingham was born at Wakefield, in Yorkshire, September 1668,
sented by Dr. Radcliffe to the Rectory of Headbourn-Worthy,
near Winchester; and there, having the use of the Cathedral Li-
Beha-brary, he commenced his celebrated work Origines Ecclesiastica,
or the Antiquities of the Christian Church."-Voice of the Church.
It is also recommended to be studied by Bishops Tom-
line, Randolph, and Coleridge; by Dr. Burton, and in the
"A vast body of information respecting the first Christian
Churches, and full of valuable learning on the Early State of the
Church."-BICKERSTETH.
"He who seeks for information upon any ecclesiastical subject,
will be almost sure to find it in Bingham's Antiquities."-BISHOP
SHORT.
Bingham, Joseph, second son of the preceding, of
Corpus Christi College, Oxford, died when he
Was preparing to give public proofs of his diligence, having
actually printed every part, except the title-page and preface, of a
very valuable edition of the Theban Story, which was completed
and published after his death."
Bingham, J. Elliot, Commander, R.N. A Narra-
tive of the Expedition to China, [in 1840-42.]
Bingham, Peregrine. Pains of Memory; a Poem,
1811, Svo. See BINGHAM, GEORGE.
Bingham, Peregrine. Reports and Legal Treatises,
1820-40. Reports in the C. Pleas. 1822-34, Lon., 10 vols.
roy. 8vo. New Cases in C. P. and other Courts, 1834-40,
6 vols. roy. Svo.
With Four Dissertations. In the first three, those things
only briefly described in his Antiquities are more fully ex-
plained. In the fourth, he defends the English Homilies,
Liturgy, and Canons, from domestic adversaries, particu-thor of a number of Discourses, &c.
larly the French Reformers.
The following testimonies, selected from numerous
others which could be adduced, will serve to show the es-
timation in which he is generally held by all parties:
Auguste, in his Introduction to Handbuch der Christli-
Bingham, William, a senator of the United States,
chen Archaologie, p. 11, (Leipzig, 1836,) says, after having d. 1804, aged 52. In 1780 he married Miss Willing of
spoken of some unsatisfactory works, "But the English Philadelphia; his son William married in Montreal in
Clergyman, Joseph Bingham, remarkable for his profound 1822; a daughter was married to a son of Sir Francis
learning, and his spirit of unprejudiced inquiry, was the Baring. Mr. B. pub. A Letter from an American on the
first who published a complete Archæology, and one wor- subject of the Restraining Proclamation, with strictures
thy of the name. His Origines or Christian Antiquities on Lord Sheffield's pamphlets, 1784. Description of cer-
first appeared in London, 1708-22, in 10 parts, 8vo. Un-tain Tracts of Land in the District of Maine, 1793. In
doubtedly, the Latin translation by J. H. Grischovius has this year Mr. B. purchased more than two millions of acres
very much contributed to the general spread of this clas- of land in Maine, at an eighth of a dollar per acre, or for
sical work. While Bingham was still living, a country- more than $250,000.-Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.
man of his own, A. Blackamore, prepared an abridgment
under the title of Summary of Christian Antiquities, Lon.,
1722, with which Bingham was much displeased, it being
published as an original work. At a later period another
abridgment appeared by an anonymous Roman Catholic
Theologian; J. Bingham's Christian Antiquities, an abridg-
ment from the English edition, Augsburg, 1788-96. The
work also called Lucii Paleotimi Antiquitatum S. Origi-
num Ecclesiasticarum summa, Venet., 1766, is nothing
more than an abridgment of Bingham's work, the useful-
1893 of which for both confessions is strongly indicated
Bingham, Richard. Sermon, &c., 1789-1811.
Bingham, Richard, great-grandson of Joseph
Bingham, edited his works, 8 vols. 8vo, 1829, and is au-
Bingham, Richard, great-great-grandson of Joseph
Bingham, revised his works.
Bingham, Thomas. The Triumph of Truth, or
Proofs of the Authenticity of the Bible, Lon., 1800.
Bingley, William. Sermon, Lon., 1694, 8vo.
Bingley, William. Discontent in Ireland, and
Cause of the Rebellion, 1799, 4to.
Bingley, William, d. 1823, a native of Yorkshire,
of St. Peter's College, Cambridge, graduated in 1799, and
took holy orders.
took holy orders. He pub. a number of works, 1793-181&
We notice a few of them: North Wales; including its
Scenery, Antiquities, Customs, &c., delineated from two
Excursions in 1798 and 1801, Lon., 1804, 2 vols. 8vo.
"We have no hesitation in declaring that these volumes deserve
to be ranked among the best performances of the kind; nor will
190
BIN
BIR
Birbeck, Chris. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1701.
Birch, Rev. Busby. City Latin, 1760, 8vo.
Birch, Charles. Exposition of the Collects of the
Church of England. 2d ed., Lon., 1821, 12mo.
Birch, J. F. National Defence, 1808, 8vo.
Birch, John, Surgeon Extraordinary to the Prince
of Wales. Professional Treatises, 1779-1810.
Birch, John B. The Cousins of Schiras; trans.
from the French, 1797, 2 vols. 12mo.
Birch, Peter, b. 1652, Prebendary of Westminster.
Sermon before the House of Commons, 1689, 4to; ditto,
1694, 4to.
"In the 20th page of which, were several matters running thus,
which caused some of the said house, as 'twas then reported, to
cry out, Ad ignem! • Are not our very blessings all turned into
a curse? Our boasted freedom is now only a liberty to lite and
"To the library of the young these volumes will be a most de devour one another, &c.' . . . On the 20th of Feb. following, or
sirable addition."-British Critic, Sept., 1817.
thereabout, came out an answer to the said sermon entit. A
enter-vile things against King Ch. the martyr, was supposed then to be
Birchen Rod for Dr. Birch. This answer, wherein are many
Useful Knowledge, 1816, 8vo.
··
penn'd by the author of A Letter from Major Gen. Ludlow to Sir
E. S. (Seymour.")-Athen. Ozm.
any one hereafter act wisely who should visit North Wales, with-
out making them his companion.”—British Critic.
"The language, manners, customs, antiquities, and botany, are
particularly attended to, and well described.”—STEVENSON.
Memoirs of British Quadrupeds, &c., Lon., 1809, 8vo.
This work is not merely a compilation from other natu-
ralists, but a great portion consists of original observation
and anecdote.
Animated Nature, 1815, 8vo.
"When we reflect on the quantity of useful information which
Mr. Bingley has contrived to reduce within such a limited number
of pages, on the authentic documents from which he has abridged
his materials, and on the easy comprehension of his style and
manner, we cannot hesitate to recommend this work to those
persons who are intrusted with the education of the young."-
Lon. Monthly Review, Oct., 1816.
Mr. B.'s Animal Biography is one of the most
taining works in the language.
|
Binnell, Robert. Sermon, 1751, 8vo.
Binney, Amos, M.D., 1803-1847, a native of Boston,
one of the founders, and, at the time of his leath, President,
of the Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist. His writings on the Land-
Shells of America are to be found in the proceedings and
journal of that society. Terrestrial and Air-Breathing
Mollusks of the United States and Adjacent Territories of
North America, Bost., 1851, 3 vols. 8vo. See GOULD, A. A.
Binney, Rev. Amos. Theological Compend., 18mo.
Binney, Horace, of Philadelphia, one of the most
eminent of American lawyers. Reports of Cases argued
and determined in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
from 1799 to 1814, 6 vols. 8vo, Phila., 1809-15. Eulogium
on Chief-Justice Tilghman, 1827, 8vo. Eulogium on Chief-
Justice Marshall, 1836, Evo. Argument in the Case of
Vidal v. the City of Philadelphia, 1844, 8vo. Murphy v.
Hubert, Review of the Opinion of the Supreme Court that
the Pennsylvania Act of Frauds and Perjuries does not
extend to Equitable Estates, 1848, Svo. Centennial Ad-
dress before the Philadelphia Contributionship, on the
History and Principles of that Insurance Company, and
of Fire-Insurance in the United States, 1852, Svo.
Binney, Thomas, a popular Non-conformist
preacher, a native of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, has pub. a
number of theological and other works. Closet and the
Church; Four Discourses on the Christian Ministry; Illus-
trations of the Practical Power of Faith; Sermons preached
at Weigh-House Chapel; Service of Song in the House of
the Lord; Spirit Admitted to the Heavenly House, &c.;
Ultimate Design of the Christian Ministry, &c.
"The Illustrations of the Practical Power of Faith are evidently
the production of a man of no ordinary talents, and display con-
siderable originality of thought united to clear and simple views
of scriptural truth, a correct taste, and a heart susceptible of all
the moral inspiration of his theme and office."-Lon. Eclec. Rev.
Binney, William G., son of Amos Binney, M.D.
Papers on American Land-Shells, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
Phila., 1857-58. Edited complete writings of Thomas Say
on the Conchology of the United States, with a copious
Index to the original work, N. York, 1858, Svo. 75 pl.
Binning, Hugh, 1627-1654, a native of Ayrshire,
Scotland, graduated at Glasgow, where he was appointed
Professor of Moral Philosophy when only 19. The Sin-
ner's Sanctuary, in 40 Sermons upon Romans viii., Edin.,
1670, 4to. Poctical Catechism, 1671, 12mo. Common
Principles of the Christian Religion, 1672, 12mo. Heart-
Jumiliation, 1676, 12mo. Works collected, Edin., 1735,
4to; again, 1768, 4to, and 1839, 3 vols. 12mo.
"Binning is an old Scotch writer well worth reading. A reprint
o his valuable works would be advantageous."-BICKERSTETH.
It will be seen that a new edit. has been pub. recently.
Binns, Abraham. Remarks on a publication enti-
tled a Serious Admonition to the Disciples of Thomas
Paine and other Infidels, 1796, Svo.
Binns, John. A Digest of the Laws and judicial de-
cisions of Pennsylvania, touching the authority of the
Justicos of the Peace, Phila., 1840, Svo: 2d ed. pub. in
1845, revised and enlarged, under the title of Binns's Ma-
gistrate's Daily Companion, or Magistrate's Manual; again,
1850, Svo. Mr. Binns pub. his Autobiography in 1855,
Phila., 12mo.
Binns, Jonathan, M.D. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1795.
Binns, Jonathan. The Miseries and Beauties of
Ireland, 2 vols. 8vo.
“His volumes are temperate, sensible, and interesting: he has felt
as well as thought, without being carried away by that violent spirit
of partisanship which for so long a period seemed to possess itself of
every one who wrote concerning the Emerald Isle.”—Lon. Athen.
"An excellent book both for interest and information.”— West-
minster Review.
·
Funeral Sermon, Lon., 1700, 4to.
Birch, Sampson. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1683.
Birch, Samuel, b. 1757, a public-spirited London
Alderman, a son-in-law of Dr. John Fordyce, pub. a num-
ber of dramatic and other works: Consilia, 1785, 12mo.
The Mariners, M. E., 1793. The Packet Boat, M., 1791.
The Adopted Child, M. D., 1795. The Smugglers, M. D.,
1796. Fast Asleep, M. E., 1797, N. P. Albert and Ade-
laide, Rom., 1798, N. P. Speeches, 1805-7, 850.
8vo.
"Animated in the cause of literature, combined with benevo-
lence, the poetical effusions of Mr. Birch, and his mode of reciting
and visitors at the annual meetings of the LITERARY FUND."-Biog.
them, have frequently called forth the applause of the members
Dramat.
Birch, Thomas. Sermons, 1720-29, 8vo.
Birch, Thomas, D.D., 1705-66, a native of Clerken-
well, received his education at Quaker schools, to which
persuasion his parents were attached. He was ordained
deacon in the Church of England, 1730, priest, 1731, by
the Bishop of Salisbury, the celebrated Dr. Hoadly. Tu
the friendship of this divine, he was no doubt indebted for
several of his preferments. He was Vicar of Ulting, Es-
sex, 1734; Rector of St. Margaret Pattens with St. Ga
briel, Fenchurch-street, London, 1746; Secretary to the
Royal Society, 1752; Rector of Depden, Essex, 1761. Dr.
Birch was an industrious writer, as is evinced by his nu.
merous publications. We shall notice some of the princi
pal. His first literary undertaking was The General Dic-
tionary, Historical and Critical, in which a new and
accurate translation of that of the celebrated Mr. Bayle,
with the corrections and observations printed in the late
edition at Paris, is included, and interspersed with several
thousand lives never before published," &c., 10 vols. folio,
Lon., 1734-41. In this laborious enterprise he was as-
sisted by the Rev. John Peter Bernard, Mr. John Lock-
man, and others. The articles relating to Oriental history
were allotted to Mr. George Sale, who was admirably qua-
lified for the task. This Dictionary is certainly one of the
most valuable compends of knowledge in the English lan-
guage. It can be purchased at the present day (1854) for
about £7 to £8. The editors give
"Reflections upon such passages of Mr. Bayle as seem to favour
skepticism and the Manichee system."
Bayle's faults in these and other respects are well known.
Apart from such objections, he is a delightful companion,
and his merits have been widely acknowledged :
"Ile is the only man that ever collected with so much judgment,
and wrote with so much spirit at the same time."-POPE: Spence's
Anecdotes.
If Bayle wrote his Dictionary to empty the various collections
he had made without any particular design, he could not have
chosen a better plan. By the double freedom of a Dictionary of
Notes, he could pitch on what articles he pleased, and say what he
pleased on these articles."-GIBBON.
"Gibbon's eulogy of Bayle is at once concise and just, and no
one read him or loved him more than the eulogist himself. Bayle
was a man of immense but desultory reading, of a subtle under-
standing, and of indomitable patience and industry. His Dic-
tionary is as a Cornucopia of flowers, bright, blooming, and capti-
vating."-DIBDIx.
"Bayle's Dictionary is a very useful work for those to consult
who love the Biographical part of Literature, which is what I love
most."-DR. JOHNSON.
In 1742, 7 vols. folio, Dr. Birch published Thurloe's
Collection of State Papers, containing Authentic Memo-
rials of English Affairs from 1638 to the Restoration of
Charles II.
"These Stato Papers form an excellent History of Europe during
this period, and are at once a proof of Thurloe's abilities as a states-
man and excellence as a writer.”—GRANGER,
Thurloe was secretary to Oliver Cromwell.
191
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BIR
The Heads of Illustrious Persons of Great Britain, with
their Lives and Characters, 2 vols. fol., 1743-52. The en-
gravings are by Houbraken, Gravelot, and Vertue, from
original paintings. The 1st vol. contains 80 heads, the
2d vol. 28. Large paper copies have been sold at high
prices; Roxburghe, £25 48.; Nassau, £26 158. 6d.; Heath,
£34 138. An edition, with retouched impressions of the
plates, appeared in 1813, on small and large paper.
|
Of
Life of the Hon. Robert Boyle, 1741, and 1744, Svo.
the last ed. a copy with MS. notes by the author is in the
British Museum; and also a copy with his MS. notes of
his Life of Archbishop Tillotson, Lon., 1752. Svo. The
Life of Boyle contains an Appendix of Letters from Mr.
John Eliot of New England to Mr. Boyle, relating to his
services in the propagation of the Gospel in America, with
particulars of the Indian Bible; Letters of Gov. Win-
throp, &c.
History of the Royal Society of London, Lon., 1756, 4to,
4 vols. This was reviewed by Dr. Johnson in the Literary
Magazine.
Dr. Birch left a large quantity of valuable MSS. to the
British Museum, and there has been lately published from
them The Courts and Times of James I. and Charles I.,
4 vols. Svo, Lon., 1848.
"In it will be found many important particulars of English His-
tory, which have escaped the researches of every historian, even
the recent ones of Mr. Macaulay. . . . In its illustrations of the
literary history of the time the work is extremely rich, abounding
in anecdotes of Ben Jonson, Carew, Wither, Daniel, the Killigrews,
Sir Henry Saville, Sir Robert Cotton, Camden, the brothers Shir-
ley, the famous travellers Bacon, Sir Julius Cæsar, Dr. Donne, Sir
Henry Wotton, and many scholars of note, both at home and
abroad. Added to these interesting features, the work contains
notices of almost every person of celebrity in the kingdom, so that
there is scarcely a family whose members have figured in the his-
tory of this portion of the seventeenth century, that will not find
in these volumes some reference to their ancestors." See Biog.
Brit.: Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes.
Memoirs of the reign of Queen Elizabeth from the year
1581 till her death, Lon., 1754, 4to, 2 vols.
"Dr. Birch has formed his narrative out of the most striking facts
in the numerous letters of the Bacon Family, though, as might be
expected, the letters are much abbreviated."
The character of the Earl of Essex, the Cecils, Bacons,
and other eminent personages of the time, will be found
portrayed in these volumes. Inquiry into the share which
King Charles I. had in the transactions of the Earl of
Glamorgan, &c., Lon., 1747, Svo. View of the Negotia-tural
tion between England, France, and Brussels from 1592 to
1617, Lon., 1749, Svo. Memoirs of Dr. Ward, 1766. Life
Memoirs of Dr. Ward, 1766. Life
of Henry, son of King James I., 1760, Svo. Letters,
Speeches, Charges, Advices, &c., of Lord Bacon, 1763, 8vo.
Birch's Life of Bacon is prefixed to the edition of Bacon's
Works, 1765, 4to, 5 vols.
"This beautiful and accurate edition was corrected throughout
by the Rev. John Gambold, and the Latin volumes revised by Mr.
Bowyer."-LOWNDES.
Songe betwene the Quene's Majestie and Englande, Lon.,
by William Pickeringe. Reprinted in the 10th vol. Har-
leian MSS. from a copy in the Library of the Society of
Antiquaries.
Birchal, John. Funeral Sermon, York, 1644, fol.
Birchall, Samuel. Provincial Copper Coins, 1797.
Birchedus. See BIRKHEAD, HENRY.
Birchensha, John. Divine Verities, Lon., 1655, 4to.
Birchington, Brychington, or Bryckinton, Ste-
phen, d. about 1407? was a Benedictine monk of the
church of Canterbury. He is the author of a history of
the Archbishops of Canterbury to the year 1368. This
was pub. by Wharton, as the first article in his Anglia
Sacra, from a MS. in the Lambeth Library. There are in
the same MS. vol. histories of the Kings of England to
1367, of the Roman Pontiffs to 1378, and of the Roman
emperors to about the same date. Wharton ascribes these
to Birchington. They have never been published.
"The book was valued by Selden, and other learned men, .
cause therein the author had taken great and worthy pains in pro-
ducing out of every century witnesses to attest the doctrine of the
Church of England in the points by him adduced against the con
trary doctrine of the Trent Council and the Church of Rome."-
Woon.
On the Four Last Things, Lon., 1655, 8vo.
Bird, Charles Smith. Theological publications,
Lon., 1841, &c. 12 Lectures on the Church Catechism.
"This little work should be read by all who regard religion as
the sole means by which we can ultimately arrive at a future happy
state."-Court Gazette.
These sermons have considerable merit."-London Spectator.
Bird, Edward. Tract against Predestination, Lon.,
1726, Svo.
Birchley, William, i. e. AUSTIN, JOHN, which see.
Birckbeck, Simon, 1584-1656, Fellow of Queen's
College, Oxford, vicar of Gilling in Yorkshire. Esteemed
by the learned for his knowledge of patristic theology.
The Protestant's Evidence, taken out of good records,
showing that for 1500 years next after Christ, the weighty
points of Religion have, by God's Church, been held and
taught as the Church of England now doth, Lon., 1634,
A much enlarged edition, 1657, fol. A new edit.
appeared in 1849, edited by Dr. Cumming, forming vols.
ii. and iii. of a Supplement to Gibson's Preservative against
Popery.
4to.
6.
Bird, G. Musical works, Lon., 1589, 1605, 4to.
Bird, G. Practising Scrivener, 1728, fol.
Bird, Golding, M.D., 1815–1854, Professor of Materia
physician has favoured the world with some of the results
Medica at Guy's Hospital, London. This distinguished
of his learned investigations.
p
Elements of Natural Philosophy; being an Experimental
Introduction to the Physical Sciences. Illustrated with
over 300 wood-cuts, Lon., Svo; 2d ed., 1843; 3d ed., Lon.,
1848, fp. Svo; 4th ed., in conjunction with C. Brooke, 1854,
p. 8vo.
"This work teaches us the elements of the entire circle of Na-
Philosophy in the clearest and most perspicuous manner.
Light, Magnetism, Dynamics, Meteorology, Electricity, &c. are set
before us in such simple forms, and in so forcible a way, that we
cannot help understanding their laws, their operation, and the
remarkable phenomena by which they are accompanied or signi-
As a volume of useful and beautiful instruction for the
Birch, Walter. Sermons, 1809-16.
Birch, William. Délices de la Grande Bretagne, cations of electricity.”—London Medical Gazette.
Lon., 1791, oblong 4to.
"In little estimation."—Lowndes.
fied.
...
young, we cordially recommend it."—London Literary Gazette.
"By the appearance of Dr. Bird's work, the student has now all
The elements of natural philosophy are explained in very simple
that he can desire in one neat, concise, and well-digested volume.
language and illustrated by numerous wood-cuts. We should
like to know that Dr. Bird's book was associated with every boys
and girls school throughout the kingdom."-Lon. Medical Gazelle.
"We have great pleasure in welcoming a new edition of this ex-
cellent work, which we strongly recommended to our readers on its
first appearance. We do not hesitate to pronounce it the best
Manual of Natural Philosophy in our Language.”—British and
Foreign Medical Review.
"This work marks an advance which has long been wanting in
our system of instruction. Dr. Bird has succeeded in producing
an elementary work of great merit.”—London Athenæum.
"The best epitome in the English language of this wide range
of physical subjects."-N. American Review, April, 1851.
Urinary Deposits; 2d ed., 1846, p. Svo; 5th ed., by E. L.
Birkett, 1857, Svo. Lectures on Electricity and Gal-
vanism in their Physiological and Therapeutical Rela-
tions, delivered at the Royal College of Physicians; re-
vised and extended, 1849, 12mo.
"Like every thing which proceeds from their able author, these
Lectures are eminently lucid. . . . We strongly recommend the
study of Dr. Golding Bird's valuable little volume."-Lon. Journal
of Medicine.
“The volume will be found useful by those practitioners who
desire to acquire a practical knowledge of the therapeutical appli-
Republished in U.S., where they are very popular. Seo
J. H. Balfour's Biographical Sketches of Dr. Bird, 1855,
12mo; Lon. Gent. Mag., July. 1855, 102.
Bird, Henry M. National Debt and Taxes, 1780, 8vo.
Bird, J. Superius Cantiones, &c., Lon.,1575, 6 vols. 4to.
Bird, J. Verschuir's Oration translated, 1810.
Bird, James B. Legal treatises, Lon., 1794-1815.
Original Precedents of Settlements, Lon., 1800, 8vo.
8vo.
"These are the best forms of that species of assurance with
evident marks of technical precision and skill, and the language
which the profession has at any time been presented. They bear
in particular of most of them, is peculiarly chaste, expressive, and
appropriate."
Bird, John. Grounds of Grammar, Oxf., 1639, 870
Bird, John. Ostenta Carolina; or the late Calamitics
of England, with the Authors of them, Lon., 1661, 4to.
Bird, John. Divine Ambassador, 1663, 4to.
Bird, John. Astronomical Instruments, Lon., 1767
4to. Mural Quadrants, Lon., 1768, 4to.
Bird, John. Romances, 1795-1816.
Bird, R. A Communication, Lon., 1595,
Bird, Robert Montgomery, M.D., 1803-1854, was
a native of Newcastle, Delaware. He gave early indica-
tions of the uncommon powers of mind which distinguish
his literary productions. Selecting the profession of medi-
cine, after a due course of studies, he graduated at the
University of Pennsylvania. He wrote for the stage the
tragedies of The Gladiator, Oraloosa, and The Broker of
Bogota, which were highly successful. In 1834 he pub.
Calavar, or the Knight of the Conquest, a Romance of
Mexico. This work has been commended by an eminent
authority in matters pertaining to Spanish-American His-
tory:
192
BIR
BIR
"The author has studied with great care the costume, manners, !
and military usages of the natives, and has done for them what
Mr. Cooper has done for the wild tribes of the north,-touched
their rude features with the bright colouring of a poetic fancy.
He has been equally fortunate in his delineations of the pictu-
resque scenery of the land; and if he has been less so in attempt
ing to revive the antique dialogue of the Spanish cavalier, we must
not be surprised: nothing is more difficult than the skilful execu-
tion of a modern antique."-W. II. PRESCOTT, in a note to his IIis-
tory of the Conquest.
The scene is laid in Mexico, at the time of the invasion of
Cortez, in 1520. The romantic incidents of that renowned conquest,
when Spanish rule gained a steadfast footing upon the northern
half of this continent, have furnished the materials of a fiction
bordering closely upon the accuracy of history. With the excep
tion of Prescott's magnificent annals of this period, we are not
acquainted with any work from which so clear a conception of those
times can be gathered as from Calavar. It is crowded with graphic
descriptions and scenes of the most intense excitement. The au-
thor revels among the variegated vegetation of that sunny clime,
and sings the beauty of the black-eyed fair ones with a rhapsodist's
enthusiasm "
|
In 1835 appeared The Infidel, or the Fall of Mexico.
This is a sequel to the preceding work, although each is
complete in itself. The Hawks of Hawk Hollow, a tradi-
tion of Pennsylvania, was pub. in the same year. Shep-
pard Lee appeared (anonymously) in 1836, and in the next
year the publication of Nick of the Woods, or the Jibbe-
nainosay, gave fresh evidence of Dr. Bird's rapidity of
composition. A collection of the author's contributions
to periodicals was pub. in 1838, under the title of Peter
Pilgrim, or a Rambler's Recollections. The last of his
novels, The Adventures of Robin Day, was given to the
world in 1839. After living in retirement for some years
at Newcastle, Delaware, in 1847 Dr. Bird became associ-
ated with another gifted son of genius, Morton McMichael,
(7. v.) as joint proprietor and editor of the (Philadelphia)
North American and United States Gazette. In the co-
lumns of this journal, (January 24, 1854,) will be found
an eloquent tribute by Mr. McM. to the memory of his
departed friend. Dr. Bird was a man of great versatility
of talent, and was equally familiar with the graver investi-
gations of the exact sciences and the flowery paths of
belles-lettres literature; to which he added no slight pro-
ficiency in the ornamental arts.
"He leaves behind him few of more vast and varied erudition,
of a wider range of knowledge, practical as well as scholastic, not
superficial nor doubtful; but profound, positive, and accurate.
Add to these faculties a large comprehension, quickness, and
power;-an imagination active as the principle of light, and a
judgment unerring as mathematical demonstration-and such was
the intellectual condition of Dr. Bird.”—MORTON MCMICHAEL.
Bird, William. Con. to Mem. Med., &c., 1778-95.
Bird, William. See BYRD.
Birkbeck, George, M.D., 1776–1841. A Compre-
hensive and Systematic Display, Theoretical and Practical,
of the Arts and Manufactures of Great Britain and Ire-
land, Lon., 1826, &c. Mathematics Practically Applied to
the Useful and Fine Arts. By Baron Dupin; adapted to
the State of the Arts in England by G. B.
"This work bids fair to the deficiency in an
branch of science. For this purpose we most cordially recommend
it."-Lon. New Monthly Mag.
Birkbeck, Morris. Notes in a Journey through
France, 1815, Svo. Notes on a Journey in America, from
the Coast of Virginia to the Territory of Illinois; 2d edit.,
Lon., 1818, Svo. Letters from Illinois.
"We have no hesitation in pronouncing this one of the most
interesting and instructive books that have appeared for many
years,”—Edinburgh Review.
"Detesting, as we most cordially do, all the principles avowed
by Mr. Birkbeck, moral and political, (religious, as we have seen,
he has none.) we are ready to give him the credit of having written
an entertaining little volume of Notes. In his Letters from Illi-
nois there is nothing that can excite the least degree of interest.”
-Lon. Quarterly Review.
Birkenhead, or Berkenhead, Sir John, 1615?-
1679, was entered a servitor of Oriel College, Oxford, in
1632. During the Civil War, to Birkenhead was confided
the editorship of Mercurius Aulicus, or the Court Mercury,
the vehicle of communication between the court at Oxford
and the rest of the kingdom.
and the rest of the kingdom. It was printed weekly in
one sheet, and sometimes more. It was pub. from Janu-
ary 1, 1642, to the end of 1645, and afterwards occasion-
ally. This Court journal was opposed by the Parliament
in the Mercurius Britannicus, written by Marchamont
Needham.
Needham. Sir John excelled in satirical wit, and pub. a
number of works in which this dangerous talent was not
spared. The Assembly Man, written in 1647, printed in
1662-63. This was intended as a representative of the
Westminster divines who favoured the Presbyterian plan.
Bird, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1580-98.
Bird, Thomas. Almanack for 1612, Lon., Svo.
Bird, William. The Magazine of Ilonour, or a Trea-
tise on the several degrees of the Nobility of this king-
dom, with their rights and privileges, also Knights and
and privileges, also Knights and
Esquires, &c., enlarged by Sir John Dodridge, Lon., 1642,
12mo.
(6
Although this treatise contains little more than the argu-amined; and the editor trusts he has made it a valuable and use-
ment of Mr. Serg. Dodridge in the disputed question regarding ful assistant to the student.”
the Barony of Abergavenny, it is well deserving of perusal by per-
sons interested in the history of the peerage. The volume has
had several title-pages."-LOWNDES.
Birkitt, Edward. Sermons, 1770-80, 4to.
Birks, A. and J. Arithmet. Collections, 1765.
Birks, T. R., Rector of Kelshall, Herts. Theolog.
Treatises, 1843, &c. Rev. E. Bickersteth considers this
author's Elements of Prophecy (1843, 12mo)
"A full answer to difficulties raised by futurists."
Birnie, William, Minister of Lanark. The Blame
of Kirkburial, tending to persuade Cemiterial Civility,
Edin., 1606, 4to. Reprinted, Lon., 1833, 4to.
Birrell, Andrew. Henry and Almeira, Trag., 1802,Svo.
The name of this author occurs in Biographia Dramatica,
already noticed by us in our article on David Erskine
Baker, (ante.)
"He has certainly made an excellent volume on the condition
and prospects of that country, [America,] and one which, in our
opinion, claims the superiority over any other that has been is
sued. . . . A mass of curious and most valuable information, and
conveyed in a very truthful colouring and simple manner of writ-
ing.... The travels over France are very amusing and instruc-
tive, and are simply expressed.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Bieg,
"The copy of it was taken from the author by those who said
they could not rob because all was theirs: so exciz'd what they
liked not, and so mangled and reformed it that 'twas no character
of an assembler, but of themselves.”—Athen, Ozon.
News from Pembroke and Montgomery, 1648. Two
Centuries of St. Paul's Churchyard, 1649, 4to, pub. in
three separate sheets.
"The spirited humour of this little book is admirable, and wor
thy the pen of a Butler."-PATERSON: Bibl. Westiona, p. 205.
Dr. Grey uses it freely in his notes on Hudibras. See
Censura Literaria, 1815, vi. 290.
The Four-legged Quaker. A New Ballade of a Famous
German Prince. Besides other pieces of his own, Birken-
head pub. at the desire of Robert Waring, who wished to
be unknown, his Effigies Amoris, &c., Lon., 1649, 12mo.
Mr. Norris, of Bemerton, trans. this work under the title
of The Picture of Love Unveiled, 1682.
"Satire was Birkenhead's principal excellence, and in genuine
powers of ridicule he had no superior at a time when those powers
were called forth and well rewarded by both parties."
The Assembly Man, Two Centuries of St. Paul's Church-
yard, and News from Pembroke and Montgomery, will be
found reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany, vols. v. and ix.
Birkhead, Henry, b. 1617, was educated at Trinity
College, Oxford, joined the Jesuits at St. Omer's, returned
to the Church of England, and was, by the influence of
Archbishop Laud, elected Fellow of All Souls'. In Trapp's
Lectures on Poetry he is styled "Founder of the Poetical
Lectures," 1707. Poemata, &c., Oxon., 1656, 12mo. Otium
Literarium, &c., (with H. Stubbe,) 1656, 8vo. He pub.
some of the works of Henry Jacob, and wrote some Latin
elegies on the loyalists who suffered for their adherence to
Charles I.
"He was accounted an excellent Latin poet, a good Grecian,
and well versed in all human learning.”—Athen, Ozın.
Birkhead, Henry. See BURKHEAD.
Birkin, William. A new edit. of Jones's Sheridan's
Dictionary, completely corrected and enlarged by the ad-
dition of several hundred words.
Immense pains and labour bave been bestowed in revising the
present edition of this popular work. The accentuation, pronun-
ciation, and definition of every word have been most carefully ex
Birt, Isaiah. Vindication of the Baptists, 1795.
Birt, John. Theolog. Treatises, 1813-14.
Birt, John. A Summary of the Principles and His-
tory of Popery, Svo.
We have seldom, if ever, seen so large a body of facts, exhi
bited with perfect perspicuity, within so small a compass; the au-
thor's complete mastery of the subject appears from the ease with
which he has condensed an immense mass of historical matter,
without the least indication of disorder or confusion."-REV. ROLT.
HALL: Eclectic Review, May, 1824.
•
Birt, William Radcliffe. The Ilurricane Guide, Svo.
This work is one which demands the attention of all who are
interested in the well-being of that large portion of our fellow-
countrymen engaged in business on the deep waters.' We would
urge all who are in any way connected with those mighty steamers
to procure a copy, study it well, and follow the author's advice,
He is well known in scientific circles as having devoted close atten-
tion for many years to the subject of atmospheric waves, and from
his position, his opinions are worthy of the most attentive regard.”
-Hampshire Independent,
13
133
BIS
BIS
Bisbie, Nathaniel, D.D., d. 1695, rector of Long
Melford, near Sudbury, Suffolk. Sermons, 1682, '83, 'S4,
$6.
“Esteemed an excellent preacher, and a zealous person for the
Church of England; but, 1690, refusing to take the oaths to King
William III. and Queen Mary, was deprived of his rectory."-
Athen. Oxon.
Bischoff, David. The Nomenclator, 1781, 8vo.
Bischoff, Fred., Oculist. A Treatise on the Extrac-
tion of the Cataract, Lon., 1793, 8vo.
Bischoff, James. A Comprehensive History of the
Woollen Trade, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo.
"Mr. Bischoff s work will be found valuable to all persons inte-
rested in the subject.”—Lon. At'enæum.
"A vast mass of curious and valuable information, acceptable
to readers of varied tastes, even though quite unconnected with
manufactures and trade.”—Lon. Times.
Bisco, John. Theolog. Treatises, Lon., 1655-65, Svo.
Biscoe, C. Statutes and Laws of the Isle of Man;
from the Original Records. Printed at Douglass, Svo.
Biscoe, Richard, d. 1748, rector of St. Martin Out-
wich, London. The History of the Acts of the Holy
Apostles, confirmed from other authors, and considered as
full evidence of the Truth of Christianity; being the sub-
stance of his sermons at the Boyle Lectures in 1736, 37,
'38, Lon., 1742, 2 vols. 8vo; Oxford, 1829, 1 vol. 8vo;
1840, 1 vol. 8vo. Trans. into German, Magdeburg,
1751, 4to.
An elaborate and valuable work, showing, in the most con-
vincing way, how incontestably the Acts of the Apostles demon-
strate the truth of Christianity.”—DR. Doddridge,
"These volumes afford some valuable information on the topics
of which they treat. Dr. Lightfoot had before collected a great
deal on the same subject, but it is better digested in the work of
Mr. Biscoe."-Orme's Bib, Bill.
Bishop, Alfred. Christian Memorials of the 19th
Century, or Select Evangelical Biography for the last 25
years.
In this work will be found the memoirs of above forty eminent
individuals of both sexes; and a work better suited for a present
to young people, or for a Sunday-school library, cannot well be
found."
Bishop, Charles. Sermons, 1769, 4to.
Bishop, George. New England Judged, 1661.
This is an account of the persecutions endured by the
Quakers in New England "from the beginning of the 5th
in., 1656, to the end of the 10th m., 1660."
Bishop, Hawley. Sermon, 1747, Svo.
Bishop, Sir Henry Rowley, 1783-1855, Professor
of Music in the University of Oxford, is the only musical
professor who has been honoured by the compliment of
knighthood. He is the author of numerous musical com-
positions.
Bishop, Joel P., b. 1814, at Volney, Oswego county,
N. York. Commentaries on the Law of Marriage and Di-
vorce, and Evidence in Matrimonial Suits, Boston, 1853,
Sro; 2d ed., 1856.
His references to cases and to writers are copious; the results
of the decisions, in so far as they have resulted in establishing a
rule, are clearly stated; and his reasonings on open questions and
conflicting doctrines are forcible. suggestive, and illustrated with
very ample learning."-RUFUS CHOATE.
A very valuable addition to our legal literature. Such an Ame|
rican book was much wanted. and the author has accomplished his
work in a manner highly, creditable to him."-Law Reporter.
Commentaries on the Criminal Law, Boston, 2 vols. Svo:
vol. i., 1856; vol. ii., 1858.
Bishop, John. Beavtifvll Blossomes gathered from
the best Trees of all kyndes, &c., London, for Henrie
Cockyn, 1577, 4to. Reprinted, 1578, 4to, under the title
of A Garden of Recreation.
Bishop, John. The Messiah, and the Creation; for
Voice and Piano, Lon., 2 vols. fol., 1843.
The great merit of both these works appears to consist in the
different airs being thoroughly incorporated in the instrumental
parts."-Lon. Times, Jan. 21, 1843.
Bishop, Mary. Poctical Tales and Miscellanies,
1812. St. Oswald; and other Poems, 1813.
Bishop, Matthew. His Life and Adventures, Lon.,
1744, 8vo.
“Matthew was a perfect original; and in his description of his
own exploits has unconsciously given an extremely laughable
sketch of the peculiarities of a British sailor." See this Review
In Retrospec. Rev., N. S. ii. 42.
Bishop, R. East India Navigator's Assistant, Lon.,
1773, 4to.
Bishop, Rev. Samuel, 1731-1795, Master of Mer-
chant Tailor School, London; and a poet. Essays and
Poems, 1763. Feria Poeticæ, 1764, 4to. Poetical Works,
with Mem. of his Life by Rev. T. Clare, Lon., 1796, 2 vols.
4to. Sermons, Lon., 1798, 8vo. The Farce of High Life
Below Stairs, ascribed to Garrick, is said to have been the
production of Mr. Bishop.
Bishop, Thomas. Eight Sermons at Lady Moyer's
Lecture, Lon., 1726, Svo. Abridgt. of Pearson's Exposi-
tion of the Creed, Lon., 1729, 8vo.
Bishop, William. Sermons, Oxf., 1823, '25, '28.
Bishop, William, 1533–1624, Vicar Apostolical in
England, and the first Popish Bishop sent thither after tho
Reformation, was a native of Brayles in Warwickshire.
A Reproof of Dr. Abbott's Defence of the Catholic Re-
formed, by W. Perkins, Lon., 1608, 4to. Disproof of Dr.
Abbott's Counter-Proof against Dr. Bishop's Reproof of
Mr. Perkin's Reformed Catholic. Part 1, Paris, 1614, Svo.
For a list of his works see Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., ii.
356. He pub. an edit. of Pits's De Illustribus A iglica
Scriptoribus, 1623, to which he wrote a very learned
preface.
"He was sent into England by the holy see for the comfort of
Catholics, where he so modestly behaved himself, that he was by
all, both clergy and seculars, dearly beloved and honoured."--
THOMAS WHITE, a Benedictine monk of Douay.
Bishop, Sir William. Con. to Med. Facts, 1800.
Bishopric, Robert. Con. to Med. Com., 1793, '94, '95.
Bishton, I. General View of the Agricult. of the
County of Salop, with Observations on the Means of its
Improvement, Lon., 1794, 4to.
It seems to be one of the meanest county reports."-Donald
son's Agricult. Biog.
Bispham, Thomas. Iter Australe, &c., 1548, 4to.
An ingenious Latin pcem."-Woop.
Bissat, Bisset, or Bissart, Patrick, 1500-1568,
Professor of Canon Law in the University of Bonomia, in
Italy, was descended from the Earls of Fife in Scotland,
and born in that country. P. Bissarti Opera Omnia: viz.,
Poemata, Orationes, Lectiones Feriales, Venice, 1565, 4to.
"He was not only a learned civilian, but an excellent poet, ora-
tor, and philosopher."
Bisse, James. Sermons at Paules Crosse, 1580, '84.
Bisse, Philip, Bishop of St. David's, 1710; Here-
ford, 1712. Sermons, 1710, '11, '17, 4to.
Bisse, Thomas, d. 1731, brother of the above, was
educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxf. He pub. a num-
ber of Sermons, &c., 1708-29, and a vol. of Discourses on
the Lord's Prayer was pub. 1740, Svo. His Beauty of
Holiness, in the Common Prayer, has been highly com-
mended:
Interesting and attractive, it treats upon matters entirely
overlooked by previous and subsequent commentators.”
Bisset, Andrew. A Practical Treatise on the Law
of Estates for Life, Lon., 1842, Svo.
“Mr. Bisset's book contains all that is essential within its pro-
found range, and displays equal learning and judgment.”—Mur-
:C
vin's Legal Bill.
Bisset, Charles, M.D., 1717-1791, for some time a
lieutenant in the royal army, pub. a number of medical and
other works. Treatise on Fortifications, Lon., 1751, 4to.
The Medical Constitution of Great Britain, 1760. Medi-
cal Essays and Observations. These works were trans.
into German by Moeller, Breslau, 1779-81. In Pettigrew's
Memoirs and Corresp. of Lettsom, will be found an inte-
testing medical corresp. between Drs. Bisset and Lettsom.
Bisset, J. Poetical works, Essays on the Drama, &c.,
1800, '02, '04.
Bisset, Robert, a Scotchman, d. 1805, aged 46, n
Lon., 1798, Svo. Douglass, a Novel, 1800. History of
schoolmaster and an author. Life of Edmund Burke,
the Reign of George III., 6 vols. Svo, Lon., 1804.
6
· The author's chief aim has been to discover all that was favour-
able in the public characters of the day; a disposition which, how-
ever amiable, deprives history of one of her most august func-
tions."-Lom. Monthly Review, 1804.
greater detail and completeness than Macfarlane, Belsham, or
"Dr. Bisset's History is highly praiseworthy-it narrates with
Adolphus, the transactions of the present reign. The style is na-
tural, yet elegant; the information abundant, yet select; the cri
ticism loyal, yet liberal. In short, it appears to us more likely than
any of the rival histories to annex itself to Hume and Smollett,
as the regular and generally-received continuation of the IIistory
of England."-An. Rev. vol. iii.
mation and amusement-and while it is free from any spirit of
"We must recommend this as a work replete with both infor-
party, it breathes throughout a firm attachment to temporal free-
dom and the spirit of the British Constitution, a sincere regard
for the British character, and a just veneration for the rights of
reason, of religion, and morality.”—Lit. Journ., vol. iii.
Modern Literature, a Novel, 1804, 12mo. Dr. B. edit. the
"Spectator with illustrative notes, and very ingenious lives of
the authors." 8 vols. 8vo, 1796.
Bisset, Thomas. Sermons, Edin., 1788, 8vo.
Bisset, William, Rector of Whiston, Northampton-
shire. Sermons on the Reformation of Manners, 1704, 8vo.
The Modern Fanatick, being an Account of Dr. Sacheverell,
1710-11, 8vo. This coarse attack was answered by Dr. S.'s
friends, which response elicited another pamphlet from
Bisset. Funeral Sermon, 1727, 8vo. Bisset and his or po-
194
BIT
BLA
nents seem neither to have given quarter nor have asked
for any.
Biterswigg, Pendavid. Three Original Poems;
with his Will and Testament, (posth.)
Blaauw, Wm. Henry. The Barons' War, in-
cluding the Battles of Lewes and Evesham.
"In the long reign of Henry III., the most interesting occurrence
Is the Barons' War, in the midst of which Parliament first acquired
its representative character under the influence of Simon de
Montfort. The circumstances of this detached period of British
history have been combined with such detailed particulars of the
persons who took part in them as an examination of the docu-
inents, chronicles, and poems of that age seems to warrant."
Black. Speeches at Synod of Ulster in 1812.
Black, David, 1762–1806, Minister of Lady Yester's
Church, Edinburgh. Sermons on Important Subjects,
Edin., 1803, 8vo.
These sermons are models for pulpit composition: they discover
an intimate acquaintance with the doctrines. and enforce the pre-
cepts of Christianity upon principles arising therefrom."
+
Black's sermons abound in good sense and useful observations,
and just sentiments of religion conveyed in lively and elegant
Linguage."--Bishop Porteus,
Black, James. Tillage of the Earth, and Theory of
Instruments adapted to this End, Lon., 1778, 4to.
"A long dissertation on the relative advantages of horses and
oxen as beasts of draught, the prime cost and maintenance of each
animal, is hardly able to establish the ox as superior to the horse,
which seems to be the object of the calculation. The sketches of
Implements are little worth."—Donaldson's Agricult. Bing.
Black, John. Palæoromaica, or Historical and Phi-
lological Disquisitions, &c., Lon., 1823, Svo. The hypo-
thesis maintained in this work is that the received text of
thesis maintained in this work is that the received text of
the Greek Testament is a servile trans. from a Latin ori-
ginal long since lost, and that this trans. was made by a
writer imperfectly acquainted with both of the languages in
question.
upon this
in
of it by Rt. Rev. Dr. Blomfield, Bishop of London; Brit.
Critic, 1823; Rev. J. J. Conybeare's Examination, Oxf.,
1823; Rev. W. C. Broughton's Examination, Lon., 1823,
8vo; Bishop Burgess's P.S. to 2d ed. Vindic. of 1 John
v. 7, (Lon., 1823) and in Horne's Introduction.
"Absurd reasonings and mischievous tendency of this paradoxi-
Absurd reasonings and mischievous tendency of this paradoxi-
cal publication."-T. H. HORNE.
It is a work of very extensive reading and research, and
abounds with valuable quotations. But the materials are as des
titute of selection as the author's strictures are of simplicity and
candour."-Postser pt. p. 196.
Black, John. Theolog. and poetical works. 1785-1801.
Black, John. Mutiny on the
Mutiny on the Lady Shore, Lon.,
1798, Svo.
Black, John, 1783-1855, Editor Lon. Morning Chron.
1823-44. The Life of Torquato Tasso; with an Historical
and Critical Account of his Writings, Edin., 1810, 2 vols.
4to. This work has been highly commended. See J. II.
Wiffen's Jerusalem Delivered. Polit. Essay on the King
dom of New Spain; from the French of A. de Humboldt,
Lon., 1811, 2 vols. 8vo.
“To write a book on Mexico without referring to Baron IIum-
boldt at almost every page is nearly impossible: he was the first
who applied the lights of science to the New World."-II. G. Ward's
Merico, which see.
Memoirs of Goldoni, written by himself, trans. from the
Italian, Lon., 1813, 2 vols. Svo.
Gibbon, the historian, has pronounced the Memoirs of Goldoni
to be more truly dramatic than his Comedies. Lord Byron has
also pronounced the Life of Goldoni to be one of the best specimens
of autobiography. It is replete with anecdote.”
A Course of Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature
from the German of Wm. Augustus Schlegel, 1815, 2 vols.
Svo. Pub. in H. G. Bohn's Standard Library, Lon.,
1846. Svo.
"The present work contains a critical and historical account of
the ancient and modern drama-the Greek, the Latin. the Italian,
the French, the Spanish, and the German. The view which the
author has taken of the standard productions, whether tragic or
comic, in these different languages, is, in general. ingenious and
just, and his speculative Reasonings on the Principles of Taste are
often as satisfactory as they are profound. . . . We have, we trust,
said enough of this work to recommend it to the reader. We ought
to add, that the translation appears to be very respectable."-
Edinburg' Review, Feb. 1816.
"This is a work of extraordinary merit."-Lon. Quart. Rev.
"In a few pages we reap the fruit of the labour of a whole life;
every opiniɔu formed by the author, every epithet given to the
writers of whom he speaks, is beautiful and just, concise and ani-
mated.”—MADAME DE STA EL.
The reader should procure the following work, also:
Lectures on the History of Literature. Ancient and Modern,
from the German of Frederick Schlegel, Lon., 1818,
2 vols. Svo.
"Form the most luminous, comprehensive, and philosophical
survey of the history of literature which our own age has pro-
duced.”—Britannia,
"A wonderful performance.-better than any thing we as yet
have on the subject in our own language.”—Lon. Quarterly Review.
"Though concise, Schlegel's work is so comprehensive in it.
range, that it is alone almost sufficient to make the reader a literary
person."-Lon. Literary Gazelle.
64
By far the most rational and profound view of the history of
literature which has yet been presented to Europe?-Bluck wood's
Magazine.
“Frederick Schlegel has more originality of genius than almost
any other celebrated man in Germany: but. far from depending
on that originality, though it promised him much success. he en-
deavours to assist it by extensive study. It is a great proof of our
respect for the human species, when we dare not address it from
the suggestions of our own minds. without having first conscien-
tiously examined into all that has been left to us by our predeces
sors as an inheritance."-MADAME DE STAEL.
-
Black, John. Key to Mair's Introduction, 1818.
Black, Joseph, M.D., 1728-1799, an eminent chemist
sided at Bordeaux when the subject of this notice was
and physician, was the son of an Irish merchant who re-
born. He entered the University of Glasgow in 1746, and
became a favourite pupil of the celebrated Cullen, who
instilled into his youthful mind that love of chemical in-
vestigations by which he afterwards became so highly dis-
tinguished. He took the degree of M.D. at Edinburgh in
1754, and won great credit for the ability displayed in his
thesis-Dissertatio Medica de Humore Acido a Cibis orto,
et Magnesia Albâ. This paper, with a continuation writ-
ten the next year, will be found in the Essays Physical
and Literary, Edin., 1756. In this dissertation he gave
an account of one of the most important discoveries in
chemistry, which is generally considered as the source of
much that has immortalized the names of Cavendish, Priest-
ley, and others, memorable for their acquisitions in the
knowledge of aerial bodies. This was no other than the
existence of an aërial fluid, which he denominated fixed
causticity, to alkalies and calcareous earths." His discove-
air, the presence of which gave mildness, and its absence
ries at a subsequent period with respect to water in various
conditions, latent heat, cold, &c., (1762–91,) are well known
to the profession. The theory of latent heat was undoubt-
edly a principal leading step to some of the grand discove-
ries made by Lavoisier, Laplace, and others; yet these
chemists scarcely ever named Dr. Black in their disserta-
tions; and Mr. Deluc had the impudence to claim the
theory of latent heat as his own. In 1756 he was ap
pointed to the chair of Chemistry and Anatomy at Glas-
gow, but the latter being distasteful to him, he exchanged
it for that of Medicine. In 1766 he succeeded his old pre-
ceptor, Dr. Cullen, as Professor of Chemistry at Edinburgh.
His lectures were so celebrated that few gentlemen left
Edinburgh without having attended one course or more.
At the time of his death, in 1799, be enjoyed the distin-
guished honour of being one of the eight foreign members
of the Academy of Sciences at Paris. His Lectures on
Chemistry were pub. from his MSS. by Dr. Robison, Edin.,
1803, 2 vols. 4to. The Papers referred to above as pub. in
the Essays Phys. and Lit., vol. ii. 157, were subsequently
pub. in a 12mo vol. in Edin. The celebrated paper, The
supposed effect of Boiling on Water in disposing it to freeze
more readily, ascertained by experiment, will be found in
Phil. Trans. Abr. xiii. 610, 1775, and the Analysis of the
Waters of some Hot Springs in Iceland was pub. in Ed.
Phil. Trans. iii. part 2, 95, 1794.
••
•
..
Considered as a philosopher, Black ranks amongst the highest
only method by which he sought to discover truth. His character
of those who have wrought out great theories, Induction was the
distinguished chemists."-British Quarterly Eeriew. vol. ii.
in this respect contrasts strongly with that of some other of our
The discovery which he first made was the last of being com-
pleted. He never could be induced to pullish any account of it
to the world. notwithstanding the constant attempts of his 'ls
to deprive him of the claim. He was at all times averse to puni
cation, and fastidious to an uncommon degree in his judgment of
his own compositions."
See Lord Brougham's article in Ed. Review, vol. iii.;
also his Lives of Men of Letters and Science temp. Gen.
III: Robison's Life of Black in the Literary Journal, &c.;
xxviii.: Georgian Era.
Chalmers's Biog. Dic.; Bibliothèque Britannique, vol.
Black, Samuel, M.D. Con. to Mem. Med., 1795,
1805-07.
Black, Wm. Privilege of Royal Burrows, Edin.,
1707, 12mo.
Black, Wm., M.D. Profess. works, 1771-1811. Ie
pub. in 1782, Svo, An Historical Sketch of Medicine and
Surgery; from their origin to the present time, &c.
6.
that the execution of it is more to be commended than the plan."
We pay the author no great compliment when we observe,
—Lon. Monthly Review, 1783,
Phagedæna Gangrænosa, in 2 parts, 1818, Svo.
Blackadder, H. H., Surgeon. Observations on
Blackadder, Lt. Col. J. Life and Diary of, Edin..
1824, 12mo.
195
BLA
BLA
Sermon, 1704, 4to.
Blackall, Anthony.
Blackall, John, M.D. Observations on the Nature
and Cure of Dropsies, Lon., 1813, Svo; 1814, 1818.
Blackall, or Blackhall, Offspring, 1654-1716, was
a native of London, and educated at Catherine Hall, Cam-
bridge. He was made Bishop of Exeter in 1707. He en-
gaged in several warm controversies with Toland and
Bishop Hoadly; Bishop Offspring favouring the cause of
Charles I. and high-church principles. Besides these
pamphlets, he pub. S Sermons, 1700, Svo; 15 do., 1706, Svo;
14 do., 1706; some single discourses, and in 1717 his prac-
tical Discourses on the Sermon on the Mount were pub. in
S vols. 8vo. His works were pub. in 1723, 2 vols. fol.,
with life by Archbishop Dawes.
•
Ilis manner of preaching was so excellently easy, clear, judi-
cious. substantial, pious, affecting, and upon all accounts truly
useful and edifying, that he universally acquired the reputation
of being one of the best preachers of his time."-ABP. DAWES.
"The sermons of this worthy divine are models for an easy,
natural, and familiar way of writing."-DR. WATERLAND.
Blackall, Theophilus. Sermons, 1730, 4to.
Blackall, Thos. Poll of Oxfordshire, Oxf., 1754, 8vo.
Blackamore, A. A Summary of Christian Antiqui-
A Summary of Christian Antiqui-nary
ties, Lon., 1722, 2 vols. 8vo. See BINGHAM, JOSEPH.
Blackborrow, Peter. The Longitude not Found,
an answer to II. Bird, Lon., 1678, 4to. Navigation Recti-
H.
fied, 1684, Svo.
Blackbourne, John, 1683-1741, educated at Trinity
College, Cambridge, a Nonjuring Bishop, corrected the
press for Bowyer, and edited the castrations of Holinshed's
Chronicle, and of Bayle's Chronycle concernynge syr Johan
Oldecastell. Mattaire praises him in his Lives of the Paris
Printers, 1717, and in his Miscellanea aliquot Scriptorum
carmina, 1722. See Nichols's account of him in the
Literary Anecdotes.
Blackburn, J. Serm., 1749, Svo.
Blackburn, John. Hand-Book round Jerusalem,
Lon., 1849, 12mo. Prize Essay on the Religious Book So-
ciety. 12mo. Rise and Ruin of Nineveh, 12mo, illustrated.
Blackburne, E. L. Architectural Account of Crosby
Place, Lon., Svo. Decorative Painting of the Middle Ages,
1848, 4to.
Blackburne, Francis, 1705-1787, a native of Rich-
mond in Yorkshire, was educated at Catherine Hall, Cam-
bridge, collated to the Archdeaconry of Cleveland in 1750.
He pub. some sermons, &c., 1742-63, but is best known by
The Confessional, or an Inquiry into the Right and Utility
of Establishing Systematical Confessions of Faith, Lon.,
1766, Svo, (anony.) This work elicited a warm controversy,
which lasted for more than six years, and produced 70 to
80 pamphlets. Archbishop Secker was very anxious to see
Blackburne confuted.
+
· The author of this work, who is well known to be a very learned
clergyman of the Church of England, takes so much notice of all
the writers who opposed his sentiments, that there is no need to
give a particular enumeration of the several pamphlets which were
written against it."-BISHOP WATSON.
See a review of the controversy in the Gentleman's
Magazine, vols. xli. and xlii. ·
Historical View of the Controversy concerning an In-
termediate State, Lon., 1772? Svo.
"Written to establish the sleep of the soul. Bishop Law, in an
Appendix to the Theory of Religion, seeks also to establish it He
was well answered by Prof. Campbell in his sixth dissertation.”—
BICKERSTETII,
*
Works with Life, by his son, Francis Blackburne, Lon.,
1804, 7 vols. 8vo.
•C
A keen and energetic writer; an elegant and persuasive
preacher; a faithful pastor and exemplary guide; a just, humane,
pious, temperate, and independent man.”—Life, by his son.
Blackburne, Lancelot, d. 1743, Bishop of Exeter,
1716, Archp. of York, 1724, pub. sermons, &c., 1694-1716.
Blackburne, Thomas, M.D., d. 1782, aged 33, son
of Francis, (see ante,) was educated at Cambridge. He
pub. De Medici Institutis, Edin., 1775; contributions to a
medical periodical; and a paper which will be found in Dr.
F. S. Simmons's work on the Tania, Lon., 1778, Svo.-Lon.
Med. Journal.
Blackburne, Wm., M.D. Cure of Scarlet Fever,
Lon., 1803, 8vo.
"In our opinion, no writer on Ireland ever looked at the ec air-
try in the true light, except Mr. Blacker; the means that are
wanted must be afforded, and the demands of rent must be mode.
rate, in order to allow the gradual possession of capital in the hands
of tenantry.... Mr. Blacker has left a name of very enviable repu-
tation."—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Blackenbury, E. 53 Discourses, 1806, 2 vols. 8vo.
Blacker, Lt. Col. Valentine. Operations of the
British Army in India during the Mahratta War of 1817,
'18, '19; 2 vols. 4to, 1821. Pub. at £4 148. 6d. Commended
as a very comprehensive and accurate work.
Blacker, Sir Wm. 1. Claims of the Landed Interest,
8vo. 2. Improvements to be made on small farins in Ireland
by means of green crops and feeding animals in the stalls.
Some pamphlets on the currency, proposing the use of an
inconvertible paper-money, 1834, Svo.
Blackerby, Rev. Samuel. An Historical account of
Penal Laws made by Papists against Protestants, and by
Protestants against Papists, Lon., 1689, fol. Justice of the
Peace, his Companion, Lon., 1734, 7 vols. 12mo.
For his way of preaching, I am well acquainted with it; he
is not ambitious of that which some call the knack of preaching;
to start some spruce notion, or crop the flowers of elegancy. But
his dexterity lies in that which Luther terms the right Art of
Preaching-to hold forth Jesus Christ, and true grace, in a search-
ing way that his people may learn to swim to Heaven in a Gospel
channel."--THOMAS HOLBOROUGH.
Blacket, Joseph, 1786-1810, the son of a labourer
of Yorkshire, printed in 1809, for private circulation, spe-
cimens of the Poetry of Joseph Blacket. His Remains,
with Life by Pratt, appeared in 1811, 2 vols. Svo.
"Taking Mr. Blacket's humble connections and narrow educa-
tion into the account, we must confess that he was an extraordi
youth."--Lon. Monthly Review, 1811.
Blackett, B. E. Sermons, 1753, '60, '71, 4to.
Blackett, Mary D. Suicide, a Poem, 1789, 4to.
Blackford, C. Hints to Cultivators of the Sugar
Cane, Phil. Mag. xiii. 289, 1814.
Blackford, Isaac. Cases in Superior Court of In-
diana, 1817-44, 5 vols. 8vo, Indianapolis, 1830-44.
These volumes have the reputation of being among the best
American reports. Most of the dissentient opinions are omitted,
as well as the arguments of counsel, which is a very commendable
example to all other reporters.”—Marvin's Legal Bill.
Blackhall, Offspring. See BLACKALL.
Blackleack, John. Endeavours aiming at the glory
of God, that Peace and Truth may meet together; with an
Account of the best Forms of Government, Lon., 1650, 4to.
Blackley, Thomas. Practical Sermons, 3 vol.
1826, 12mo.
J
The subjects of the discourses are almost all interesting, and
the leading doctrines of Christianity are brought forward to noticu
in a very prominent manner."-Edinburgh Theological Magazine.
Blackley, William, domestic chaplain to the Rt.
Correspondence of the Rt. Hon.
Hon. Viscount Hill.
Richard Hill.
view, is a supplement to the Marlborough Despatches, and a need-
"Mr. Hill's Correspondence, though not set forth with any such
ful explanation of them on some material points."--Lon.Examiner.
Blacklock, Ambrose, Surgeon, of Dumfries. Trea-
tise on Sheep and the Wool Trade, Lon., 1838, 18mo.
The contents treat only the black-faced breed of Scotland,
which are a small portion of the family of sheep. The anatomy
of the animal and diseases are well delineated.”—Donaldson's
Agricult. Bing.
The 70 Weeks of Daniel, Lon., 1850, 8vo.
Blacklock, Thomas, 1721-1791, was a native of
Annan in Scotland; his parents were English. When
only six months old, he lost his sight by small-pox, and
suffered under total blindness all his life. Notwithstand-
ing this deprivation, he acquired a very respectable know-
ledge of Greek, Latin, French, Italian, Theology, and
gained considerable distinction as an author. After a
course of study at the University in Edinburgh, he was
licensed as a preacher in the Church of Scotland in 1759,
and in 1767 received the diploma of D.D. from Aberdeen.
His first publication was a volume of Poem² in 1754, Edin.,
Svo, to which was prefixed an Account of his life, cha-
racter, and writings, by his friend, the Rev. Joseph Spence,
Professor of Poetry at Oxford.
Professor of Poetry at Oxford. Mr. B. contributed to a
Collection of Poems, pub. Edin., 1760, 12mo. Paraclesis,
partly trans. from Cicero, appeared in 1767, Edin., 8vo.
Two Discourses on the Spirit and Evidences of Chris-
tianity, from the French of Armand, 1768. He also pub. A
Satirical Panegyric on Great Britain; The Graham, an
Heroic Ballad; Remarks on the Nature and Extent of
Liberty. In 1793 appeared Poems, together with an
[pub. in Encyc.
article on the Education of the Blind,
Brit.] to which is prefixed A New Account of the Life and
Writings of the Author, by Henry Mackenzie, Esq., 4to.
In 1762 he married a lady who proved admirably calcu-
lated to promote his happiness.
"I have known him dietate from thirty to forty verses-and by
no means bad ones-as fast as I could write them; but the mo-
ment he was at a loss for verse, or a rhyme, to his liking, he stopt
altogether, and could very seldom be induced to finish what he
had begun with so much ardour.”—Statement of a friend.
"He never could dictate till he stood up; and as his blindness
made walking about without assistance inconvenient or langerous
to him, he fell insensibly into a vibratory sort of motion with his
body. which increased as he warmed with his subject and was
pleased with the conceptions of his mind."-REV. JOSEPH SPENCE.
The attainments of Mr. Blacklock under so great a lis
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advantage as blindness are a standing rebuke to those
"who having eyes see not," and pass through life with
minds almost as much unfurnished as when they com-
menced their probation.
B
Blackloe, Thomas. See WHITE, THOMAS.
Blackman, John. Collectarium Mansuetudinum et
bonorum Morum Regis Henrici VI., etc. Reprinted by
Hearne in his edition of Otterbourne.
"Few men blessed with the most perfect sight can describe
visual objects with more spirit and justness than this blind man.'
-BURKE: Essay on the Sublime and B'autiful, which see.
"
Blackrie, Alexander.
"Dr. Johnson talked of Mr. Blacklock's poetry, so far as it was
66
descriptive of visible objects; and observed, that, as its author had
the misfortune to be blind, we may be absolutely sure that such
passages are combinations of what he has remembered of the works
of others who could see. That foolish fellow, Spence, has laboured
to explain philosophically how Blacklock may have done, by means
of his own faculties, what it is impossible he should do. The solu-
tion, as I have given it, is plain. Suppose, I know a man to be so
lame he is absolutely incapable to move himself, and I find him
in a different room from that in which I left him; shall I puzzle
myself with idle conjectures, that perhaps his nerves have by
some unknown change all at once become effective? No, sir, it is
clear how he got into a different room; he was carried."—Boswell's
Johnson.
Blackmore, John. Addresses to the Sick, 2d ed.,
Lon., 1828, 24mo.
Blackmore, Sir Richard, M.D., d. 1729, the son
of an attorney in Wilts, matriculated at St. Edmund's Hall,
Oxford, in 1668. He was knighted by William III., to
whom he was appointed in 1697 physician in ordinary.
His publications were numerous: we notice some of the
principal. His first work, Prince Arthur, an Heroic Poem,
appeared in 1695, and three editions were called for in less
than two years.
Tis strange that an author should have a gamester's fate, and
not know when to give over. Had the city-bard stopped his hand
at Prince Arthur, he had missed knighthood, 'tis true, but he had
gone off with some applause."-T. Brown's Wirks, vol. iv. 118.
In 1700 he pub. Paraphrases on Job, the Songs of Moses,
Deborah, and David, and on 4 Select Psalms, chapters of
Isaiah, and 3d chap. of Habakkuk. The excellent Mat-
thew Henry quotes more frequently from Blackmore in his
commentaries than from any other poet. In the same year
he pub. a Satyr against Wit, which so offended the poets of
the day, that in T. Brown's Works there are more than 20
satirical pieces against Blackmore. One of his assailants
joins him to Bentley, thus:
"A monument of dullness to erect,
Bentley should write and Blackmore should correct.
Like which no other piece can e'er be wrought,
For decency of style and life of thought,
But that where Bentley shall in judgment sit,
To pare excrescences from Blackmore's wit."
Sir Richard might sit very easily under a lash which
was aimed also at the great master of classical learning.
Dryden declared that Sir Richard wrote his poetry to the
"rumbling of his chariot wheels," and waspish little Pope
gave him a place in that convenient pillory-the Dunciad.
In 1713 he commenced a periodical called The Lay Monk;
only 40 numbers appeared. Not forgetting his profession,
he gave to the world a number of medical works, viz.: On
the Plague and Malignant Fevers, 1720; The Small Pox,
1722; Consumption, &c., 1724; Spleen and Vapours, 1725;
Gout, Rheumatism, and King's Evil, 1726; Dropsy, Stone,
&c., 1727. His principal work, Creation, a Philosophical
Poom, appeared in 1712, and reached its 4th edit. in 1718.
This poem has been much admired. Ambrose Philips
told Mr. Draper, who told Dr. Johnson, (see Lives of the
Poets,) that
"Blackmore, as he proceeded in this poem, laid his MS. from
time to time before a club of wits, with whom he associated; and
that every man contributed, as he could, either improvement or
correction: so that there are perhaps now here in the book thirty
lines together that now stand as they were originally written."
This relation may be received with great doubt. Den-
nis speaks of The Creation in glowing terms:
"A philosophical poem which has equalled that of Lucretius in
the beauty of its versification, and infinitely surpassed it in the
solidity and strength of its reasoning.”
Addison's praise might well be coveted by any poet:
1
*
It deserves to be looked upon as one of the most useful and
noble productions in our English verse. The reader cannot but
be pleased to find the depths of philosophy enlivened with all the
charms of poetry, and to see so great a strength of reason, amidst
so beautiful a redundancy of the imagination."-Spectator, No. 339.
"It wants neither harmony of numbers, accuracy of thought,
nor elegance of diction: it has either been written with great care,
or, what cannot be imagined of so long a work, with such felicity
as made care less necessary."-DR. JOHNSON.
In addition to his other titles to respect, Sir Richard had
that ornament without which all other advantages are of
little account-he was a man of humble and devoted piety.
Blackmore, R. W., Chaplain of the Russian Com-
pany in Croustadt.
The Doctrine of the Russian Church,
|
|
trans. from the Slavono-Russian, Lon., 1845, 8vo. A Har-
mony of Anglican Doctrine, with the doctrine of the Apos-
tolic and Catholic Church of the East, which may serve as
an appendix to the vol. entit. The Doctrine of the Russian
Church, Aberd., 1846, 8vo. A trans. of Mouravieff's Ilis-
tory of the Church of Russia, Oxf., 1842, Svo.
A
A Disquisition on Medi-
cines which dissolve the Stone, Lon., 1766, 12mo; 2d ed.
enlarged and improved, 1771, Svo.
Blackstone, Henry. Reports in Common Pleas
and Exchequer, 1788-96, Lon., 2 vols. fol. 1793-96; 3d
edition with additions, 2 vols. 8vo, 1801; (Phil. 2 vols.
8vo, 1808–09 ;) 4th ed., 2 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1827.
"The reporter has uniformly confined his attention to points of
real importance, and throughout his work evinces much accuracy
and fidelity, with as great a degree of conciseness as is consistent
with perspicuity."
Blackstone, Jo., an apothecary. Fasciculus I'lan-
tarum circa Harefield, etc., Lon., 1737, 8vo. Specimen
Botanicum, etc., Lon., 1746, Svo.
"Interesting and useful works on botany."
Blackstone, Sir William, 1723-1780, was the
fourth son of Charles Blackstone, a silkman in London.
He was placed in the Charter-house School in 1730, and
at the age of fifteen was admitted a Commoner of Pem-
broke College, Oxford. November 20th, 1741, he entered
the Middle Temple. Determined to devote himself to the
duties of his profession, he bade adieu to the more flowery
paths of literature in those well-known verses, The Law-
ver's Farewell to his Muse, subsequently pub. in vol. 4th of
Dodsley's Collection. In Nov., 1743, he was elected into
the society of All Souls' College; June 12th, 1745, he com-
menced Bachelor of Civil Law; on the 28th Nov., 1746,
he was called to the bar, and April 26th, 1750, he com-
menced Doctor of Civil Law. It may be some encourage-
ment to young lawyers to remember that the talents even
of Blackstone were at first so much overlooked, that his
limited business failed to cover his very moderate ex-
penses; he therefore resolved to retire from the apology
for a practice which he possessed, and support himself by
his Fellowship and private lecturing. Accordingly, in Mi-
chaelmas Term, 1753, he commenced reading two Lectures
on the Laws of England to a large and interested auditory.
In order to render the duties of his class less difficult, be
pub. (1756) an Analysis of the Laws of England, which
proved of great service to a comprehension of the subject.
He had already made his appearance as an author in his
Essay (1750) on Collateral Consanguinity, which had re-
ference to the claims for Fellowships in All Souls' College
based upon asserted connexion with the founder, Arch-
bishop Chicheley. In 1756, Charles Viner, the compiler
of an Abridgment of Law and Equity, (see VINER,) died,
and bequeathed the sum of £12,000 to the University of
Oxford for the establishment of a Law Professorship, and
the endowment of Fellowships and Scholarships in Com-
mon Law.
On the 20th Oct., 1758, Blackstone was unani-
mously elected the first professor, with a salary of £200.
His introductory Lecture produced a most favourable im...
pression, and the Vice-Chancellor and Heads of Houses
requested him to publish it. This Lecture will be found
prefixed to vol. i. of the Commentaries. The fame of his
Lectures reached the ears of George III., then Prince of
Wales, who tendered him an invitation to read them to
him. His engagements prevented his complying with this
flattering request, but he transmitted some specimens to
the prince, who begged his acceptance of a handsomə
token of his approbation. In 1759 he resumed practice
in London, visiting Oxford at the periods appointed for
his Lectures. In the preceding year he edited a magnifi-
cent edition of Magna Charta and the Forest Charte..
Of this work Professor Smyth remarks:
"Of his History of the Charters it is in vain to attempt any
abridgment: for such is the precision of his taste, and such the
importance of the subject, that there is not a sentence in the com-
position that is not necessary to the whole, and that should not
be perused. Whatever other works may be read slightly, or
omitted, this is one the entire meditation of which can in no re-
spect be dispensed with. The claims which it has on our atten-
tion are of no common nature. The labour which this eminent
lawyer has bestowed on the subject is sufficiently evident."-Lac-
tures on Modern History.
In 1761 he was elected to Parliament for the borough
of Hindon; and in the same year had a patent of prece-
dence granted to him to rank as King's Counsel, having
declined the office of Chief Justice of the Court of Com-
mon Pleas in Ireland. Vacating his Fellowship by mar-
riage, he was appointed Principal of New Inn Hall, and
in 1763 received the appointment of Solicitor to the Queen.
In 1770 he was made one of the Judges of the Court of
Common Pleas, which office he held for the remaining ten
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years of his life.
As many imperfect and incorrect copies
of his Lectures were in circulation in MS. among the pro-
fession, and a pirated edition was understood to be in the
press, the author determined to give a correct copy to the
world. The Commentaries on the Laws of England were,
therefore, pub. in 4 vols. 4to, Oxf., 1765-68. This great
work at once superseded the standard manuals-Finch's
Law, Wood's Institutes, &c. Enemies, however, were not
wanting to attack the Commentaries on account of the
conservative tone which was charged upon them by the
"reformers" of the day. Jeremy Bentham pub. in 1776
bis Comment upon the Commentaries, and censures the
"antipathy to reformation" which he discovered in Black-
stone's volumes. This objection is happily answered by
Mr. Roscoe, who remarks that
"Blackstone did not profess to be a censor, but merely an ex-
positor, of the law.”
•
His object was, in fact, to show what the Law of England was,
not what it ought to be.”—Cunningham's Big. Hist.
We refer the reader to the article Blackstone in Marvin's
Legal Bibliography, from which, and the opinions there
quoted, we shall make some extracts:
“Probably there is not a treatise mentioned in the whole Bibli-
ography of the common law, about which a greater contrariety of
opinion has existed than of Blackstone's Commentaries. Soon
after their publication the controversy began, and from that time
acrimoniously and unjustly criticised, and, on the other, inordi-
to the present these volumes, on the one hand, have been most
nately and injudiciously praised. Impertinent and unfair criti-
cism will no more guide us to a proper opinion of the value of a
production, than over-zealous and indiscriminate praise. Did we
believe the former, Blackstone is an immethodical, uninformed
writer, whose Commentaries · contain somewhat which is not law
upon almost every page.' Did we believe the latter, his Commentaries
are unsurpassed models of method, precision, and clearness, which
should be perused iterum atque iterum. All are, however. agreed,
that they are written in a nervous, elegant, and pellucid style;
Hale, the Common Law was considered as incapable of system. by
models of legal purity of diction. Before the time of Sir Matthew
reason. it was said. of the indigestedness of it, and the multipli-
city of the cases; but Hale was not of this opinion, and by his
Analysis fully showed how capable the subject was of method and
system. On this foundation Blackstone built his immortal work."
Mr. Austin is very severe upon our author:
Dr. Priestley also pub. some Remarks on the 4th volume,
which were answered by Blackstone, 1769, Svo. Black-
stone also pub. Considerations on Copy Holders, and some
other legal treatises, Reports, &c., and is author of a vin-
dication of Addison respecting his misunderstanding with
Pope, in the Biog. Brit. See ADDISON. A list of edi-
tions, abridgments of the Commentaries, etc., will be found
in Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual; consult also Anthon,
Ayres, Bentham, Curry, Field, Furneux, Priestley, Rowe,
Sedgwick, Warren, Marvin, &c. We observe by the cata-
logue of Messrs. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman,
November, 1853, that they advertise as in preparation the
twenty-third edition, including the alterations to the pre-
sent time, edited by James Stewart, Esq., of Lincoln's
Inn.
It will not be expected that we should enter into an
examination of the merits of the annotations of the many
"The method observed by Blackstone in his too celebrated Com-
distinguished legal authors who have profitably exercised
mentaries. is a slavish and blundering copy of the very imperfect
their profound learning and critical acumen in the illus-
method which Hale delineated roughly in his short and unfinish-
tration of Blackstone. Messrs. Burn, Williams, Christian, ed Analysis. From the outset to the end of his Commentaries, ho
Archbold, Coleridge, Chitty, Curry, Gifford, Field, Wanos-blindly adopts the mistakes of his rude and compendious model;
trocht, Taylor, Rowe, Stephen, Stewart, &c., deserve ho- missing invariably, with a nice and surprising infelicity, the preg
nant but obscure suggestions which it proffered to his attention,
nourable mention whenever the name of the great Com-
and which would have guided a discerning and inventive writer
mentator occurs. Not only the members of the profession to an arrangement comparatively just. Neither in the general
are debtors to these gentlemen, but for their labours the conception nor in the detail of his book, is there a single particle
gratitude of the public at large is eminently due. As we of original and discriminating thought. He had read somewhat,
have had occasion to remark in another place, so long as
(though far less than is commonly believed.) but he had swallowe
the matter of his reading without choice and without rumination.”
it is not "possible" to "live peaceably with all men"-so
-Outline of a Course of Lectures, €3.
long as there are rights to be vindicated, wrongs to be re-
dressed, boundaries to be defined, and property to be se-
cured so long shall we need the legal profession to be
"with us." As every one, therefore, is liable to personal
experience of, and serious suffering from, the indecision
of the bench, the perplexities of the bar, and the igno-
rance and prejudice of the juries, so every one can per-
ceive the value of those compilations by which forensic
wisdom is placed upon record, and the philosophy of juris-monstrate. Like the gnomon upon the sun-dial, he takes no a
prudence, illustrated by the expositions of its most pro-
found sages, occupies the "seat of Gamaliel" for the in-
struction of mankind. The perusal of Blackstone and his
Commentators, besides the other advantages offered to the
intelligent mind, will hardly fail to produce one valuable
result. It will expose the absurdity of that popular cant
-so common with conceited ignorance-which would ad-
vise us to cashier our lawyers, and give the law-calf of our
libraries to the flames. The settlement of rights, the as-
certainment of duties, and the various issues proceeding
therefrom, must ever constitute a science, with its code of
laws and corps of professors, so long as it is preferable to
have established principles which shall rule individual
cases, to an endless litigation upon isolated instances.
We can hardly close this article, long as it is, with pro-
priety, without citing the opinions of some eminent autho-
rities upon a work which (though not faultless) can only
perish in the general wreck of the recorded wisdom of the
world:
Perhaps no professional writer has suffered more from the zeal
of injudicious admirers than Blackstone in his celebrated Commen.
taries. They were not designed for students at law, but for stu-
but to unprofessional, readers. He was not a lecturer of an Inn
dents at the University; they were not addressed to professional,
of Court, but a University professor-not to inform lawyers, hut
to render the law intelligible to the uninformed minds of begin-
ners. Addressing himself to persons of this description, like an
experienced actor he accommodated himself to the temper and cha
racter of his audience. rather for effect than with a view to de
count of any hours but the serene. A man may read Blackstone`s
Commentaries from one end to the other, and yet have no notion
that a proposition in law is as capable of being resolved and de-
monstrated as a proposition in mathematics. In the rank of ele
mentary composition they might forever have reposed beneath un-
disturbed laurels; but he who would make them the institute of
his professional education imprudently forces them into an ele
ment which is not their own. and lays the foundation for those
perilous misunderstandings-that unlawyer-like. jejune smatter-
ing, which informs without enlightening, and leaves its deluded
votary at once profoundly ignorant and contented."- Ritso's Law
Education. 30, 76. See also Jones on Pailments, 4; Ilargrave's
Law Tracts, 45.
"A good gentleman's law-book; clear, but not deep.”—J. HORVE
TOOKE.
other: so much is man governed by the ear."-JEREMY BENTHAMA
Fragment on Government.
"You, of course, read Blackstone over and over again; and, if
so, pray tell me whether you agree with me in thinking his style
of English the very best among our modern writers; always easy
and intelligible, far more correct than Hume. and less studied und
made up than Robertson."-C. J. Fox, in a letter to Mr. Trotter.
"His purity of style I particularly admire. Ile was distin-
guished as much for simplicity and strength as any writer in the
English language. He was perfectly free from all Gallicisms and
ridiculous affectations, for which so many of our modern authors
and orators are so remarkable. Upon this ground, therefore, 1 es-
teem Judge Blackstone; but as a constitutional writer he is by no
means an object of my esteem.”—C. J. Fux's Debute on the admis-
sion of Lord Ellenborough into the Cubinct. See Cunningham's
Biog. History.
"Correct, elegant. unembarrassed, ornamented, the style is such
as could scarce fail to recommend a work still more vicious in point
of matter to the multitude of readers. He it is, in short, who,
first of all institutional writers. has taught jurisprudence to speak |
the language of the scholar and the gentleman; put a polish upon
that rugged science; cleansed her from the dust and cobwebs of
the office; and if he has not enriched her with that precision
which is drawn only from the sterling treasury of the sciences,
has decked her out. however, to advantage, from the toilet of clas-
sical erudition: enlivened her with metaphors and allusions: and
sent her abroad in some measure to instruct, and in still greater |
measure to entertain, the most miscellaneous, and even the most
fastidious, societies. The merit, to which, as much perhaps as to
any, the work stands indebted for its reputation. is the enchanting
harmony of its numbers; a kind of merit that of itself is suffi-
cient to give a certain degree of celebrity to a work devoid of every
•
"Blackstone is a feeble reasorer, and a confused thinker.".
Mac' intosh's Ethical Philosophy, 187.
C
“Blackstone's knowledge of English History was rather superfi.
cial."-Hallam's Middle Ages, ch. viii.
"In questions upon Constitutional Law. Blackstore is not nu
6
thority."-Curtwright's Constitution, 29: Fox, & Cobbett's Purl. Deb.,
814. contra ; Story's Inaugural Address, 59.
"Blackstone's opinions on the Criminal Law. as contained in his
Commentaries, are to be regarded as the offspring of an eager
rather than a well-informed mird.”—LORD ELDON, 1 Jurist, 459. N.
"Gives a brief but a trifling account of Equity Jurisprudence,”
-1 Mod, Chancery Pref. 19. "Not authority."-1 Scho, & Lrf.,
327: Rel's Triol, 303; Kitso's Law Education, 33.
"Good authority." "The Commentaries are still quoted, and
as frequently as ever in the Courts of Law and Equity; if possible,
with increased respect for the value of Blackstone's opinions, and
of the evidence which bis pagès afford, of the former state of the
law."-Warren's Law Studies, 776; 4 Durm. & East, 311; American
Reports, passim.
1:
The Commentaries contain a thousand sophistries, dangerous
to the principles which every citizen of our free republic ought,
and every professor of our laws is sworn, to maintain.”—Sumpson
on Codes and Com. Law, 6,
"Blackstone's Commentaries are a wonderful work, and the more
193
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a lawyer reads and studies the more he will appreciate them; it is
not with him we find fault, but with those who blindly copy him
even in his errors, who seem to think nothing in him can be wrong,
nothing improved upon."-2 L. M., 62.
"I recommend the Commentaries of Blackstone as a general
book. The intention of that ingenious writer was to give a com-
prehensive outline; and when we consider the multiplicity of doc-
trine which he embraced, the civil, the criminal, the theoretical and
practice! branches of the law, we must confess the hand of a master.
But in the minute he is frequently, very frequently, inaccurate.
He should, therefore, be read with caution. The student. in read-
ing him, will often require explanation from him whose duty it is
to instruct."-Watkins's Prin. of Conveyancing Int., 28.
"Blackstone's manner is clear and methodical; his sentiments, |
I speak of them generally, are judicious and solid: his language is
elegant and pure. In public law, however, he should be consulted
with a cautious prudence. But even in public law, his principles,
when they are not proper objects of imitation, will furnish excel-
lent materials of contrast. On every account, therefore, he should
be read and studied. IIe deserves to be much admired; but he
He
ought not to be implicitly followed.”— Wilson's Works, 22.
Till of late I could never with any satisfaction to myself. point
out a book proper for the perusal of a student; but since the pub-
lication of Mr. Blackstone's Commentaries. I can never be at a
loss."-LORD MANSFIELD: Holliday's Life of, 89.
At the conclusion of these quotations, Mr. Marvin gives
us the following general references: Williams's Study of
the Law, 92; Bever's Legal Polity, 474; 1 Kent, 512;!
4 do., 209; Trotter's Memoirs of Fox, 512; 3 London Ju-
rist, 106; Woddeson's Elements, 189; Hoffman's Legal
Study, 152; Ruggles's Barrister, 187; Wright's Study of
the Law, 59; Amos's Introductory Lecture, 19; Selwin's
N. P., 45, N.; 12 A. J., 9.
We conclude our notice of this eminent lawyer by citing
the opinion of Professor Smyth of Cambridge:
"De Lolme is too much of a panegyrist upon our constitution,
as indeed is Blackstone.-not to say that the latter is rather a
lawyer than a constitutional writer. Blackstone is quite inferior
to himself, when he becomes a political reasoner; and if he had
lived in our own times, he would not have written (he could not
have written, a man of such capacity) in the vague and even super-
ficial manner in which he has certainly done, on many of such
occasions, in his great work of the Commentaries. . . . However
distinguished for his high endowments and extensive acquire
ments, and however impressed with a sense of the advantages to
be derived from a free government. he has certainly never been
considered as a writer very particularly anxious for the popular
part of the constitution.”—Lectures on Modern History.
We are pleased to learn that one of the most profound
jurists and intelligent expositors of Civil and Statute Law
of whom America can boast, is now engaged upon an edi-
tion of Blackstone, prepared with especial reference to the
wants of the American student. Judge Sharswood has
long devoted himself to the diligent study of his favourite
author, and from his intimate acquaintance with the text,
and familiarity with the general principles of jurispru-
dence, we confidently anticipate a work which will claim
a conspicuous place in the American legal library, and be a
valuable addition to the collection of the intelligent layman.
Blackwall, Anthony, 1674-1730, of Emanuel Col-
lege, Cambridge, Lecturer of All-Hallows in Derby. His
principal work was, The Sacred Classics Defended and
Illustrated; or An Essay humbly offered towards proving
the purity, propriety, and true eloquence of the Writers of
the New Testament, Lon., 1725, '27, 31, 3 vols. Svo. The
same in Latin by Wollius, Lips., 1736, 4to.
This work gives many well-chosen instances of passages in the
classics which may justify many of those in Scripture that have
been accounted solecisms."-DR. DODDRIDGE.
"Blackwall was a strenuous advocate for the purity of the Greek
style of the New Testament, which he vindicates in his first vo-
lume. The second volume, which is most valuable, contains many
excellent observations on the division of the New Testament into
chapters and verses, and also on various readings."-T. II. HORNE.
"It cannot be denied, that Blackwall has brought a large portion
of learning, and no small portion of genius. to this work; but every
attentive reader must be sensible that he often fails in making out
his point."-ORME.
"It is allowed. that this work, without establishing the particu-
lar aim of the writer, gives light to many passages."-BICKERSTETII.
"Blackwall's plan is like comparing the proclamations of a king
with the eloquent speeches of an orator; or an edifying popular
hymn with the awful and pompous ode of a poet laureat."-Dr.
WILLIAMS.
Blackwall, Jona. Beauties of Bp. Hall, 1796, Svo.
Blackwell, Alex., beheaded 1747. A New Method
of Improving Cold. Wet, and Clayey Grounds, Lon., 1741.
Blackwell, Elidad. Sermon, Lon., 1645, 4to.
Blackwell, Elizabeth, wife of Alexander, (see ante,)
was noted for her skill in botany. An Herbal, containing
500 Cuts of the Plants most useful in Physic, Lon., 1737
39, 2 vols. fol. Many editions, and trans. into Latin and
German, with additions by Trew; continued by other bo-
tanists. Mrs. B. gave name to the Blackwellia race of
plants.
|
"The drawings are in general faithful, and if there is wanting
+hat accuracy which modern improvements have rendered neces-
sary in delineating the more minute parts. yet, upon the whole,
the figures are sufficiently distinctive of the subject."
Blackwell, Elizabeth, M.D., b. 1821, Bristol, Eng.,
removed to U.S. 1832. The Laws of Life, with special refer-
ence to the Physical Education of Girls, N.Y., 1852, 12mo.
"Not only is it well, but ably and scientifically, written, and is
calculated to do a great amount of good through its inculcations
of physical truths. The writer is a woman of marked ability, and
a regularly educated physician.”
Blackwell, George, 1545-1612, an English divine
of the Roman Church, was admitted Scholar of Trinity
College, Oxford, in 1562. He approved of the oath of
allegiance to the crown of England, and advised the Ro-
manists to take it. This led to a controversy with Cardinal
Bellarmine. His Letters to the Romish Priests touching
the lawfulness of taking the oath of allegiance were pub.
in 1597, 4to. Letter to Cardinal Cajetane, 1596. He pub.
some other papers upon this subject.
likewise, a man of great learning and piety, and a good preacher."
He was esteemed by those of his own persuasion, and by others
Blackwell, Henry. English Fencing Master, Lou.,
1705, 4to.
West, by Sir Thomas Fairfax, Lon., 1645. fol.
Blackwell, John. Defeat of Goring's Army in the
Compendium of Military Disci-
Blackwell, John.
pline, Lon., 1726, or '9.
Blackwell, Sir Ralph. The Honour of Merchant
Tailors, Lon., 4to. Black letter, with portrait of Blackwell.
“A work of the same class, if not written by the same hand,
with the well-known history of Sir Lichard Whittington.”-
LOWNDES.
Corn Dealer's Companion, Lon.,
Sermons, 1705-19, Svo.
Parochial Government, Lon.,
1720, 12mo. Reading the Scripture in Private, 4th ed.
Lon., 1736, 24mo.
Blackwell, Robt.
1707, 12mo.
Blackwell, Samuel.
Blackwell, Samuel.
Blackwell, Thomas, d. 1728, Professor of Divinity,
and Principal of the Marischal College, Aberdeen. Ratio
Sacra, Edin., 1710, Svo. Schema Sacrum, Edin., 1710, Svo.
Methodus Evangelica, Lon., 1712, 8vo.
Blackwell, Thomas, 1701-1757, son of the former,
and also Professor of Divinity and Principal of the Maris-
chal College, Aberdeen, was a native of Aberdeen.
Enquiry into the Life and Writings of Homer, Lon.,
1735, Svo.
6.
By Blackwell of Aberdeen, or rather by Bishop Berkeley. A
fine, though sometimes fanciful. effort of genius."-GIBBON.
"A production which displays more erudition than genius, and
more affectation than elegance."
Proofs of the Enquiry into the Life and Writings of
Homer, Lon., 1747, Svo.
Letters concerning Mythology, Lon., 1748, Svo.
"A pompous trifle."
4to. Lon., 1764, 3 vols, 4to.
Memoirs of the Court of Augustus, Edin., 1753–55, 2 vols.
6
This book is the work of a man of letters; it is full of events
displayed with accuracy, and related with vivacity: and is suffi-
ciently entertaining to invite readers."-Review by Dr. Johnson in
the Literary Magazine: he, however, treats Blackwell with no little
severity.
"It cannot be denied that there is a considerable degree of at-
fectation in Dr. Blackwell's style and manner of composition: and
unhappily this affectation increased in him as he advanced in
years. Ilis Enquiry into the Life of Homer was not free from it:
it was still more discernible in his Letters concerning Mythology,
and was most of all apparent in his Memoirs of the Court of Au-
gustus."
See Biog. Brit.: and see his proposals for Plato, in Gent.
Mag.. xxi. 383.
Blackwood, Adam, 1539-1623, Professor of Civil
Law at Poictiers, was a native of Dunfermline. Scotland.
He was a great favourite with Mary Queen of Scots, and
when she was put to death by Elizabeth, he revised and
corrected the Relation du Martyre de Marie Stuart. Reine
lected were pub. at Paris by Gabriel Naudemus. 1644, 4to.
d'Ecosse, printed at Antwerp in 1588, 8vo. His works col-
He addresses himself in a vehement strain of passion to all the
princes of Europe to avenge Mary's death.... "A most viruleut
invective against Queen Elizabeth.”—BISHOP NICOLSON,
His Sanctorum Precationum Præmia, &c., pub. in 1598,
Svo, owed its production to a cause which, as its recital
may be useful to authors by way of abating inordinate
study, and stimulating devotion, we shall present for their
benefit:
** The occasion of his writing this book, which consists of Prayers
and Devotions upon Divine Subjects, was, That he usually read
the most of the Night, and had thereof so weakened his Eyes, that
he could hardly know his children if they were but ten foot dis-
tant from him: for which the Archbishop (of Glasgow, James Bea-
ton] advised him to a more useful and safe way to employ his Time,
which was in frequent and fervent Prayers to God."—Mackenzie's
Scotch Writers.
Blackwood, Christopher. Theolog. works, 1644
'45, 54, '59, 4to.
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Blackwood, Henry, b. about 1526? d. about 1614,
was a brother of Adam Blackwood, (see ante.) He taught
philosophy at Paris, and was subsequently made dean of
the faculty in the college of that city. He was the author
of some medical and philosophical treatises, of which at
least two were printed; Hippocratis quædam cum MSS.
collata, Paris, 1625; Questio Medica, &c., Paris, 4to.
Blackwood, Henry, d. 1634, son of the preceding,
Professor of Medicine and Surgery, wrote some medical
treatises.
Blacow, Richard. Four Sermons, 1812, 8vo. State-
ment of circumstances of the prosecution of the King v.
Blacow, 1812, Svo. A Letter to M. Gregson, 1814, 8vo.
A Letter to Wm. King, LL.D., 1823, Svo.
Bladen, Lt. Col. Martin, d. 1746, a member of
Parliament, served under his former schoolfellow, the Duke
of Marlborough, and dedicated to him his translation of
the Works of Cæsar, Lon., 1719, 8vo. He was also author
of two dramatic pieces, Solon, and Orpheus and Eurydice;
which were pub. in 1705, without his consent. The learned
Mr. Bowyer was employed to print Bladen's trans. of
Cæsar; and as was his wont when he noticed errors and
defects, he made many valuable corrections in the work.
Upon one of these passages he consulted the eminent
scholar, Jeremiah Markland, who returned him the follow-
ing amusing reply, which Bladen would hardly have re-
fished:
"I think in all my life I never saw such a translation as that
you have sent me of these lines. If I were in your place, I would
leave it just as it is. You will have an infinite deal of trouble,
without any reward, or so much as thanks from those whose affair
it is; perhaps. just the contrary. I repeat it again, do not meddle
with it."-Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
Bladen, Thomas. Sermons, 1695, 4to.
Blagden, Sir Charles, M.D., 1748-1820, an eminent
English physician and chemist, took his doctor's degree
at Edinburgh in 1768. He contributed many valuable
professional papers to the Phil. Trans. 1775, '81, '83, '84,
'87, '88, '90, and 1813; to Medical Facts, 1791, '92, '93,
and to Med. Trans. 1813.
"He lived on terms of intimacy with the chief scientific men of
his day, and particularly with Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., for nearly
half a century, and was for many years one of the secretaries of
the Royal Society."-Rose's Biog. Dict.
Blagdon, Francis William. Modern Discoveries;
a trans., S vols. 18mo, Lon., 1802-03. Brief History of
Ancient and Modern India, Lon., 1805, fol. This gentle-
man has written and trans. several other works, biograph.,
geographical, &c.
Thomas. Schole of Wise Conceytes, 1569.
Blage,
A book of Esopian Fables. Ritson's Bibl. Poet., 132.
Blagrave, J. Laws regulating Bills of Exchange,
Bills of Exchange,
Lon., 1783, 12mo.
Blagrave, John, d. 1611, an eminent mathematician,
was educated at Reading School, and at St. John's College,
Oxford. A Mathematical Jewel, shewing the making and
most excellent use of an instrument so called: the use of
which jewel is so abundant, that it leadeth the direct path-
way through the whole art of Astronomy, Cosmography,
Geography, &c., Lon., 1582, fol. In the preface to this
work, he gives the following excellent advice to his readers:
we commend it to the practice of all students, young or old:
"Never give over at the first, though any thing seeme hard;
rather ask a little helpe: and if you desire to be excellent perfite
in your instrument, abridge my whole worke, and you shall finde
it will stande you more steede than twenty times reading. I have
always done so with any booke I liked."
Of the making and use of the Familiar Staff, so called:
for that it may be made useful and familiarly to walk with,
as for that it performeth the geometrical mensuration of
all altitudes, 1590, 4to. Astrolabium Uranicum generale;
a necessary and pleasant solace and recreation for naviga-
tors in their long journeying, containing the use of an in-
strument, or astrolabe, &c., 1596, 4to. The Art of Dialling;
in two parts, 1609, 4to.
"He prosecuted with great zeal his mathematical genie to so
considerable a height, that he was esteemed the flower of mathe-
maticians of his age. Iis epitaph runs thus: Johannes
Blagravius totus mathematicus, cum matre sepultus: Obiit J.
Aug., 1611.
'Here lies his corps. which living had a spirit.
Wherein much worthy knowledge did inherit.
By which, with zea), one God he did adore.
Left for maid-servants and to feed the poor;
[Ilis vertuous mother came of worthy race,
A Hungerford, and buried near this place.
When God sent death their lives away to call.
They liv'd belov'd, and died bewail'd by all.””]
Athen. Oron.
Blagrave, Sir John, supposed to be of the same
family with the preceding. A Reading upon the Statute 32
Hen. VIII., concerning Jointures, Lon.. 1648, 4to.
Blagrave, Jonathan. Sermons, 1691-93, 4to.
Blagrave, Joseph, 1610-1679. Supplement to Pla-
nispherium Catholicum, Lon., 1658, 4to. Epitome of the
Art of Husbandry, Lon., 1669, 12mo. (?) Supplement
to Nic. Culpepper's English Physician, Lon., 1666, 8vo.
Astrological Practice of Physic, discovering the true method
of curing all kinds of diseases by such herbs and plants
as grow in our nation, Lon., 1671, Svo. An Introduction
to Astrology, 1682, 8vo. Essay on Gun-shot Wounds, Svo.
Account of Drugs, &c., Svo. See account of a MS. as-
cribed to him in Biog. Brit.
Blagrave, Samuel, is said by Weston to be the au-
thor of the Epitome of the Art of Husbandry, Lon., 1669,
12mo. See BLAGRAVE, JOSEPH. Other: ascribe the Epi-
tome to Billingsby. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog,
|
Blaikie, Francis. 1. Conversion of Arable Land
into Pasture, &c., Lon., 1819, 12mo. 2. Management
of Farm Yard Manure, and formation of Compost, &c.,
1819, 12mo. 3. Management of Hedge-rows and Hedge-
row Timber, 1820, 12mo. 4. Mildew, and the Cultivation
of Wheat, &c., 1821, 12mo. 5. Smut in Wheat, 1822, 12mo.
"Mr. Blaikie's practical intelligence is distinguished by a very
sound judgment and a reasonable observation. It is to be regret-
ted that the author did not compese a systematic work of agri-
cultural comprehension, which would have contained his extensive
and varied knowledge, and relieved his mind of an accumulated
burden. Essays, treatises, and pamphlets are with difficulty made
known, and looked on as insignificant. For our own part, we re
gard such authors of enlightened practice, as greatly advanced be
fore chemical theorists and vague idealogies."-Donaldson's Agri-
cultural Biog.
Blaine, Delabere P., Professor of Animal Medi-
cine. Anatomy of the Horse, Lon., 1799, fol. Canine
Pathology, Lon., 1800, Svo. The Outlines of Veterinary
Art, Lon., 1802, 2 vols.
"In the execution of this comprehensive plan, the author de-
serves considerable credit.”—Lon. Monthly Review.
"It appears to us that this work is the best and most scientific
System of the Veterinary Art that has hitherto appeared in this
:)
A Domestic Treatise on the Diseases of Horses and Dogs,
Lon., 1803, 12mo. Encyclopædia of Rural Sports, with
nearly 600 engravings on wood, 1840, 8vo; 1852, 8vo.
"Mr. Blaine's perseverance in compiling this work must have
been immense. The task of reading all the sporting literature of
opinions, and of deducing solid inferences, doubtless presented
the past and present day, of digesting it, of balancing antagonistic
difficulties that would have daunted most men at the outset of a
similar undertaking.”—London Globe.
"A more instructive and amusing publication never issued from
the press."-London Sportsman.
Sporting Review.
"Unquestionably a treasury of sporting knowledge."-Lon.
"It ought to be in every country library, from that of the noble-
man to the tenant farmer. We know of no work likely to be more
useful and agreeable to readers of all classes, whether young or old,
grave or gay."British Farmer's Magazine.
"Full of useful, attractive, and exciting reading."-Lon. Monthly
Review.
"A perfect library for all lovers of country sports, for all coun
try gentlemen, and for all persons who delight in the manly and
fection as to the inhabitants of the British Isles.”—London Times.
healthy recreations which are afforded to no country in such per-
Blair, Major. Campaign in Saxony, Lon., 1745, fol.
Blair, Brice. The Vision of Theodorus Verax, Lon.,
1671, Svo.
་
Blair, Daniel. Some Account of the last Yellow
Fever Epidemic of British Guiana, edited by John Davy,
M.D.,
M.D., &c.
着​物
​Dr. Blair's account of the Yellow Fever of British Guiana ap-
pears to be a very able book; full of facts acutely observed, well
presented, and classed in an orderly manner."-Londen Spectator,
"The chapter on morbid anatomy forms a rich and most valu-
able section in the book. We have perused its elaborate details
with much interest, and we only refrain from quotation because
every line seems equally important. Dr. Blair is deserving of all
praise for the enthusiasin with which he has studied the subject;
and he has, in these careful directions, performed an onerous but
high service, in presenting to the reader so much sterling informa
tion.... Dr. Blair's book is the production of a painstaking and
well-informed physician; its pages are replete with condensed and
original matter; and we sincerely hope he will prosecute his la-
bours, feeling assured that his authority will be long cited as one
of the ablest writers on Yellow Fever."-London Lancet.
Blair, David, D.D., author of English Grammar,
Class Book, Reading Exercises, The Mother's Question
Book, and other educational works.
"The name of Dr. Blair is identified with elementary knowledge;
and these [1st, 2d. and 3d Mother's Catechisms] are well worthy
the attention of the parent and teacher.”—Educational Magazine.
Blair, Hugh, D.D., 1718-1800, a native of Edinburgh,
entered the University of that city in 1730. In this sent
of learning he devoted himself to scientific, literary, and
theological studies for the long term of eleven years. Ho
took his degree of A.M. in 1739; was licensed to preach
in 1741, and in 1757 received the degree of D.D. from the
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University of St. Andrew's. In 1742 he received a presen-
tation to the parish of Colessie in Fife, which he left in
the next year to fill a vacancy which had occurred in the
second charge of the Canongate of Edinburgh. After
discharging the duties of this post for eleven years, he
was translated in 1754 to Lady Yester's, one of the city
churches. Four years after this translation he was ho-
noured by promotion to the High Church of Edinburgh,
where he remained until his death in 1800. In 1759 be
read in the college at Edinburgh a course of lectures on
Composition, which excited so much admiration that in
1762 George III. was pleased to
Erect and endow a Professorship of Rhetoric and Belles Let-
tres in the University of Edinburgh, and to appoint Dr. Blair, in con-
sideration of his approved qualifications, Regius Professor thereof,
with a salary of £70.”
In 1783, when he resigned his professorship, he pub. his
Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, Lon., 2 vols. 4to.
Many editions have been pub. of these celebrated Lectures.
"The author gives them to the world, neither as a work wholly
original, nor as a compilation from the writings of others. On
every subject contained in them, he has thought for himself.”—
Preface.
"Their merit lles in their good taste and the elaborate elegance
of the language."-WILLIAM SPALDING, Professor of Logic, Rheto
ric, and Metaphysics in the University of St. Andrew's.
"They contain an accurate analysis of the principles of literary
composition, in all the various species of writing: a happy illus-
tration of those principles by the most beautiful and apposite ex-
amples, drawn from the best authors, both ancient and modern;
and an admirable digest of the rules of elocution, as applicable to
the oratory of the pulpit, the bar, and the popular assembly.
So useful is the object of these lectures, so comprehensive their
plan, and such the excellence of the matter they contain, that, if
not the most splendid, they will, perhaps, prove the most durable,
monument of their author's reputation."
An amusing conversation between Dr. Johnson and
well respecting these Lectures, will be found in Boswell's
Life of Johnson.
Dr. Blair took great interest in "rescuing from oblivion
the poems of Ossian." His biographer assures us that it
was by the solicitation of Dr. Blair and John Home, (au-
thor of Douglass,) that Macpherson was induced to pub-
lish his Fragment of Ancient Poetry. To "these, in 1763,
Blair prefixed a Dissertation of the critical kind which
procured him much reputation, whatever may be thought
of the subject."
See MACPHerson. We cannot better
introduce the mention of the celebrated sermons by which
Blair is best known to the world, than by an extract from
Boswell's Life of Johnson:
"The Reverend Hugh Blair, who had long been admired as a
preacher at Edinburgh, thought now of diffusing his excellent ser-
mmons more extensively and increasing his reputation, by publish-
ing a collection of them. He transmitted the manuscript to Mr.
Strahan, the printer, who, after keeping it for some time, wrote a
letter to him, discouraging the publication. Such. at first, was the
unpropitious state of one of the most successful theological books
that has ever appeared. Mr. Strahan, however, had sent one of
the sermons to Dr. Johnson for his opinion; and after his unfa-
vourable letter to Dr. Blair had been sent off. he received from
Johnson on Christmas-eve, a note in which was the following pa-
ragraph:
I have read Dr. Blair's first sermon with more than approba-
•
tion to say it is good, is to say too little."
"Their character is that of moral discourses. but as such they
never could have attained their popularity without that high
polish of style which was the author's peculiar object. Under
this are concealed all the defects which attach to them as sermons,
a name which they can never deserve when compared with the
works of the most eminent English and Scotch divines."
The elaborate review of Blair's Sermons by John Fos-
ter deserves the careful perusal of every one who can ap-
preciate purity of style and elegance of diction. The
celebrated discourses are castigated without mercy; per-
Bos-haps without proper allowance for that difference in philo-
logical taste and construction of sentences which we wit-
ness in the literature of perhaps every succeeding genera-
tion. Mr. Foster charges that,
<*
In the first place, with respect to the language, though the
selection of words is proper enough, the arrangement of them in
hardly possible to depart further from any resemblance to what is
sentences is often in the utmost degree stiff and artificial. It is
called a living or spoken style, which is the proper diction at all
events for popular addresses. if not for all the departments of
prose composition. Instead of the thought throwing itself into
words, by a free, instantaneous, and almost unconscious action,
and passing off in that easy form, it is pretty apparent there was
a good deal of handicraft employed in getting ready proper cases
and trusses, of various but carefully measured lengths and figures,
to put the thoughts into, as they came out, in very slow succes
sion, each of them cooled and stiffened to numbness in waiting so
long to be dressed. . . . In the second place, there is no texture in
the composition. The sentences appear often like a series of little
independent propositions, each satisfied with its own distinct
meaning, and capable of being placed in a different part of the
train, without injury to any mutual connection. or ultimate pur-
pose, of the thoughts. The ideas relate to the subject generally,
without specifically relating to one another."
conferred by royal mandate, of £200 per annum, which the
successful preacher enjoyed until his death. It is needless
to say that the popularity of Blair's sermons has long since
passed away. Whilst praised by some, irrespective of their
great merit as literary compositions, for that avoidance of
doctrinal character which could not fail to displease many
readers, it is urged on the other hand that there is hardly
sufficient of the spirit of Christianity to elevate them above
the rank of mere moral essays.
"Dr. Blair is printing some sermons. If they are all like the
first, which I have read, they are sermones aurei, ac auro mogis
aurei. It is excellently written both as to doctrine and language,
... Please to return Dr. Blair thanks for his sermons. The Scotch
write English wonderfully well. . . . Dr. Blair's sermons are now
universally commended; but let him think that I had the honour
of first finding and first praising his excellencies. I did not stay
to add my voice to that of the public.”—Letters to Boswell in 1777.
"I read yesterday Dr. Blair's sermon on devotion, from the text,
'Cornelius, a devout man.' His doctrine is the best limited, the
best expressed: there is the most warmth without fanaticism,
the most rational transport. . . . A noble sermon it is, indeed. I
wish Blair would come over to the Church of England.... I love
Blair's sermons. Though the dog is a Scotchman, and a Presbyte
rian, and every thing he should not be, I was the first to praise
him. Such was my candour (smiling.) MRS. BOSCAWEN: Such his
great merit, to get the better of all your prejudice.' Why, Ma-
<
dam, let us compound the matter; let us ascribe it to my candour,
and his merit.""
"A low tone of divinity, once popular," is the only no-
tice which Mr. Bickersteth deigns to take of productions
once so eagerly perused and clamorously applauded.
"They excel in perspicuity of arrangement and expression, but
are too stiff, artificial, and elaborate for models of pulpit eloquence,
independent of the strain of doctrine."-DR. E. WILLIAMS.
•
Such was the popularity of Blair's Sermons, that it has
been declared to exceed all that we read of in the his-
tory of literature. . . They circulated rapidly and widely
wherever the English tongue extends; they were soon
translated into almost all the languages of Europe." Not
Not
the least pleasing evidence of approbation was a pension,
"We cannot deny the absence of every beauty, as well as of
most faults in Blair. . . . His florid and artificial elegance obtained,
without question. most extensive popularity; but it is very doubt-
ful whether his hearers would have been attracted by any other
writer; whether they would not have rejected a more energetic
and impressive style as irregular and enthusiastic.”—Lom. Quar-
terly Review.
The merits of Blair (by far the most popular writer of sermons
within the last century) are, plain good sense, a happy application
of scriptural quotation, and a clear, harmonious style, richly
tinged with scriptural language."-Edinburgh Review.
Thus encouraged, Strahan and Cadell purchased the 1st
vol. for £100, which they voluntarily doubled on account
of "the rapid and extensive sale." For vol. 2d they gave
the author £300, and for vol. 3d £600. The whole series
comprises 5 vols. Svo, 1777-1800. The reader will find
Mr. Foster then proceeds with no gentle hand to apply
the dissecting knife to other limbs of this body of divinity,
if we may so call it. Indeed it is the want of an animus,
such as the preacher's vocation would naturally lead us to
expect, which he pathetically deplores. Yet whilst some
serious defects may be willingly admitted, the sermons of
Blair possess merits of a substantial and enduring kind;
and though now apparently dead and known to the many
"only by reputation," yet have they sufficient vitality to
insure a resurrection; and our children will agree with
frequent mention of the sermons and their author in Bos-classical disquisitions which they will marvel their parents
their grandfathers in applauding and improving by those
well's Life of Johnson:
should ever have neglected.
Blair, James, d. 1743, a learned divine of the Scot-
tish Episcopal Church, founder and first President of Wil-
liam and Mary College, Virginia, was born and educated
in Scotland. About 1685 Compton, the Bishop of London,
sent him as a missionary to Virginia; in 1689 he appointed
him Ecclesiastical Commissary, and his confidence in Blair
was justified by the piety, energy, and unwearied ministe-
rial labours of the latter. In 1693 he returned to London
in order to obtain the patronage of government for his
projected college. He obtained a charter, and was ap-
pointed president, which office he held until his death.
He was rector of a church in Williamsburg,
and President of the Council in that colony. He pub.
Virginia,
plained in 117 Sermons, Lon., 1722, 5 vols. Svo; new edit.
Our Saviour's Sermon on the Mount, Matt. v., etc., ex-
revised and corrected, with a preface by Dr. Waterland,
Lon., 1740, 4 vols. 8vo. These sermons possess great
merit.
Explained with good judgment, in a clear, easy, yet masculine
style. A valuable treasure of sound divinity, of practical Chris-
tianity."-DR. WATERLAND.
܀
His Commentary on Matt. v.-vili. is the best extant. He sp
201
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+
pears to have been a person of the utmost candour, and has soli-
citously avoided all unkind and contemptuous reflections on his
brethren. He has an excellent way of bringing down criticism to
common capacities, and has discovered a vast knowledge of Scrip-
ture in the application of them.”—Doddridge's Works, vol. v. 438.
"The best exposition of this discourse."-BICKERSTETIL.
Blair, John, alias Arnold, a monk of the order of
St. Benedict, was educated with Sir William Wallace at
the school of Dundee, and became chaplain to him in 1294
when Wallace was made governor of the kingdom. He
wrote the History of Wallace's Life in 1327, in Latin
A fragment of the MS. of this poem is still in the
Cottonian Library. This was pub. in 1705, Edin., Svo,
by Sir Robert Sibbald,-Relationes quædam Arnoldi
Blair, &c. See the Life and Acts of Sir William Wallace
turned from Latin into Scotch Metre by one called Blind
Harry, Edin., 1709, 12mo, Perth, 1790, 3 vols. ; also Metri-
cal History of Sir William Wallace and Robert Bruce, sine
anno, black letter, 4to; The Actis and Deidis of the illuster
and vailzicand Campioun, Schir William Wallace, Knicht
of Ellerslie, Edinburgh, be Robert Lekpreuik, at the Ex-
pensis of Henrie Charteris, 1570, 4to. A copy of this
verse.
work will be found in the British Museum.
1758 contains Arnaldi Blair Relationes.
art. Wallace, Sir William.
The edit. of
See Lowndes,
Blair, John, d. 1782, Prebendary of Westminster, a
relative of Dr. Hugh Blair, was a native of Edinburgh.
He removed at an early age to London, where he received
some valuable preferments. The Chronology and History
of the World from the Creation to A.D. 1753, Lon., 1754,
fol. This work was partly arranged by Dr. Hugh Blair;
2d edit. 1756, fol.; other editions, 1768, '79, '90, 1803, '15,
'20; and in 1844, imp. Svo, an edition, with additions and
corrections, was pub. by Sir Henry Ellis, K.H., Principal
Librarian of the British Museum. Again in 1851, Svo.
"The student of history, long accustomed to the doctor's pon-
derous and unmanageable folio, will rejoice over this handsome
and handy volume. It is the revival and enlargement, into far
more compact and available form than the original, of the cele-
brated Chronological Tables of Dr. Blair. It comprises additions
to our own time, and corrections from the most recent authorities.
The outline of the plan is faithfully preserved and carried out,
with every improvement of which it was susceptible."-London
Examiner.
The History of the Rise and Progress of Geography,
Lon., 1784, 12mo. Lectures on the Canon of the Old Tes-
tament, comprehending a Dissertation on the Septuagint
Version, Lon., 1785, 4to, (posth.)
The greater part is devoted to the LXX. It discovers consi-
derable learning and research; and is one of the works that ought
to be consulted in the examination of the Septuagint.”—Orme.
Blair, John, d. 1771, a native of Ireland, brother to
Samuel Blair, also preached at Fog's Manor, Penn., and
other places. He pub. a few sermons, &c.
Blair, Patrick, M.D., d. about 1728, a Scotch botan-
ist, physician, and surgeon, first attracted attention abroad
by an account of the dissection of an elephant which died
in Dundee in 1706. The paper, Anatomy and Osteology
of an Elephant, was pub in Phil. Trans.. Abr. v., p. 557,
1710; afterwards in (Lon.) 4to, 1713. Blair removed to
London, and pub. there in 1720, Svo, Botanical Essays, in
two parts,
"In which he strengthened the arguments in proof of the sexes
of plants, by sound reasoning and some new experiments.”"
He also pub. Pharmaco-Botanologia, Lon., 1723-28, 4to,
extending only to the letter II; his death preventing its
completion. A number of his professional treatises will
be found in Phil. Trans., 1710-20. His Miscellaneous
Observations on the Practice of Physick, Anatomy, and
Surgery, with Remarks on Botany, was pub., Lon., 1718,
2 vols. 8vo.
"He was a Nonjuror, and for his attachment to the exiled
family of Stuart was imprisoned, in the rebellion of 1715, as a
suspected person."
Blair, Robert, 1593-1666, great-grandfather of Dr.
Hugh Blair. Autobiography, from 1593-1636, pub. by
by
•
It is a popular poem, not merely because it is eligiɩ as, but be
cause its language and imagery are free, natural, and picturesque.
Blair may be a homely and even a gloomy poet in the eye of
fastidious criticism; but there is a masculine and pronounced cha-
racter even in his gloom and homeliness that keeps it most dis-
tinctly apart from either dullness or vulgarity. His style pleases
us like the powerful expression of a countenance without regular
beauty."-Essay on English Poetry.
Dr. McCrie. Edin., 1848, Svo.
Blair, Robert, 1699-1747, a distant relative of Dr.
Hugh Blair, was a native of Edinburgh. In 1731 he was
ordained as a minister of the parish of Athelstaneford in
East Lothian, where he remained until his death. Ho
pub. in 1743, Lon., The Grave, a Poem; pub. at Edin. in
1747; numerous editions. With 12 Plates after Blake by
Sachiavonetti, large 4to, pub., Lon., 1808, 1. p. £5 58.
(See BLAKE, WILLIAM) This poem met with but little
attention at first, but the commendation of Hervey. Pin-
kerton, and others, brought it into general notice. Of late
years it seems to be but little read. Mr. Campbell praises
it highly:
Mr. Campbell is quite indignant that some of this au-
thor's most nervous and expressive phrases should be con-
sured as "vulgarisms;" but a poet who endeavours to in-
sinuate droll satirical sketches, at the expense of physi-
cians and undertakers, into a gallery of sublime represen-
tations of the sable hearse, the funeral cortège, and the
gloomy aisles of the city of the dead, cannot hope to es-
cape satire himself. Mr. Campbell's admiration of the
simile of "angels' visits, short and far between," is well
known. Whether Norris of Bemerton would have been
pleased with the evident approval of his brother poots wo
do not venture to decide. That Blair was a poet of a high
order, we hold to be unquestionable. The sketches com-
mencing "See yonder hallowed fane!" and "Invidious
Grave," show the hand of the master.
"The eighteenth century has produced few specimens of blank
verse or so familiar and simple a character as that of The Grave.
Blair, Robt. Achromatic Telescopes, Nic. Jour., 1797.
Blair, Samuel, d. 1751? a native of Ireland, settled
in Pennsylvania, and about 1745 opened an academy at
Fog's Manor, Chester County, and officiated at the church
at this place. His works, consisting of Sermons, Treatises,
and a Narrative of a Revival of Religion in Pennsylvania,
were pub. in 1754 by Wm. Bradford, Philadelphia.
excellent, and venerable men of his day. He was a profound di
“Mr. Blair was one of the most learned and able, as well as pious,
vine, and a most solemn and impressive preacher.”—Ållen's Amer,
Biog. Dict.
Blair, Samuel, 1741-1818, a son of Samuel Blair,
(see ante,) of Ireland, was born at Fog's Manor, Chester
county, Pennsylvania. He married in 1769 a daughter of
Dr. Shippen, the elder, of Philadelphia. He pub. in 1761
an Oration on the Death of George II.
Blair, William, 1765-1822, an eminent surgeon, was
a native of Essex. He was not so much engrossed by pro-
fessional pursuits as to prevent his taking a lively interest
in the distribution of the Holy Scriptures, and in other
and other works. Among them are The Soldier's Friend,
benevolent enterprises. He pub. a number of professional
Lon., 1798, Svo.
or the Means of Preserving the Health of Military Men,
Of Anthropology, or the Natural History
of Men, Lon., 1803, Svo. The Vaccine Contest, or mild
Humanity, Reason, Religion, and Truth, against fierce,
unfeeling Ferocity, overbearing Insolence, mortified Pride,
false Faith, and Desperation; being an exact outline of the
arguments and interesting facts adduced by the principal
Combatants on both sides respecting Cow-pox Inoculation,
Lon., 1806, Svo. This belligerent proclamation proves
that our excellent doctor could buckle on his armour and
be “a man of war" in defence of the right. He also pub,
some pieces on Penitentiaries, &c., and contributed several
papers to Phil. Trans., 1794, Med. Facts, 1795, and Me-
moirs Med., 1799.
Blair, William. Inquiry into the State of Slavery
amongst the Romans, Edin., 1833, 12mo.
"The subject of Roman Slavery has lately been investigated with
great diligence. in a very modest but valuable volume, by William
Blair, Esq."-Milman's Gibbon.
Blaise, Lord. Discourse of Fire and Salt, discover-
ing many Mysteries, Philosophical and Theological, Lon.,
1649, 4to.
Blake. Privilege of H. of Commons, 1818, Svo.
Blake,And.,M.D. Aphorisms on Accouchement, 1818.
Blake, Charles. Lusus Amatorius, Lon., 1694, fol.
Hibernia Plorans, 1689. Mense Julii, Lon., 1694, fol.
Part of the Fifth Book of Milton's Paradise Lost, in Latin
verse, Lon., 1694.
Blake, Edward.
connected; serinon on
Blake, Francis.
1751, 8vo.
Blake,Sir Francis. Political treatises, Lon., 1785–90.
Blake, George. New method of Brewing, Lon.,
1791, Svo.
Religion and its Temporal Promises
Matt. vi. 33, 1756, 8vo.
Mathemat. con. to Phil. Trans.,
Blake, H. J. C. Ten Parochial Sermons, adapted to
a country congregation; 2d edit., Chiches., 1847, 12mo.
Blake, J. Universal Piece Writer, 1311, 8vo.
Blake, James. See Catholick Sermons, (1741, 2 vols.
8vo,) temp. James II., vol. ii. 393.
Blake, James, d. 1771, aged 21, a native of Dorchos-
ter, Massachusetts, graduated at Harvard College in 1759.
A vol. of his sermons was pub. after his death.
“His sermons Indicate a warmth of pious feeling honourablə tə
his character."
2012
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Marine System of G. Brit.,
Blake, Capt. John.
1758, 8vo.
Blake, John. Letter on Inoculation, Lon., 1771, 8vo.
Blake, John L., D.D., 1788–1857, b. at Northwood, N.
II., grad. Brown University, 1812, in the class with Chief
Justice Richard W. Greene, LL.D., Prof. Wm. G. Goddard,
LL.D., and Rev. Cyrus Kingsbury, D.D. He was Princi-
pal of a Young Ladies' School about 12 years, during which
time he published a Text Book of Geography, Chronology,
and History; Text Book of Modern Geography; Compen-preciated
dium of Universal Geography; First Reader; Second
Reader; Historical Reader; High School Reader; Lec-
tures on Rhetoric; First Book in Natural Philosophy;
First Book in Astronomy; Mrs. Marcet's Conversations,
4 vols. Some of these works have been in use more than
forty years, and to them we are indebted for a new feature
in School-Book Literature; namely, an analysis of the text
in printed Questions at the bottom of each page, which
plan has since been frequently adopted. He has been
Rector of an Episcopal Church for fifteen years; the first
at N. Providence, R. I., the next at Concord, N. H., and
for nearly eight years at Boston. He has written nume-
rous Theological orations and addresses, besides many ser-
During the twenty-five years prior to 1855, he has
devoted his attention to general literature; the results of
which are, his Family Encyclopedia, roy. 8vo, pp. 960;
General Biographical Dictionary, roy. 8vo, pp. 1100.
mons.
"We cordially recommend this volume to all who desire a con-
venient and comprehensive summary of Biographical History, and
hesitate not to say it is worthy of a place in every library."-Chro
nicle of the Church.
So great has been the demand for this work that the 8th
edit. was pub. in 1853, and the 9th just before the author's
death. Of several small volumes for school-libraries are
the following: Book of Nature Laid Open; Parental In-
structions; Wonders of the Earth; Wonders of the Ocean;
Wonders of Art, &c.; Farmer's Every Day Book, Svo, 654 pp.
"This work should not only be in the library of every farmer, but
it should hold a prominent place in the library of every family in
the country; for it presents ably and truly the importance of agri-
culture, and the advantages and pleasure of rural pursuits."-N.
E. Farmer.
Blake, Malachi, d. 1760.
d. 1760. Account of the fire at
Blandford-Forum, 1731; and a sermon, 2d edit., Lon.,
1735, 12mo.
Blake,Mark. Letter to Clergy Ch. Scotland, 1794, Svo.
Blake, Martin. Sermon. 1661, 4to.
Blake, Robert. Triumph of Scipio; an Ilist. Poem
on the late Rebellion, 1755, 4to.
Blake, Robert, M.D. Structure of the Teeth, Dubl.,
1801. Svo.
Blake, Stephen. The Compleat Gardener's Practice,
directing the exact way of Gardening, in three parts, the
Garden of Pleasure, Physical Garden, Kitchen Garden,
Lon., 1664, Svo or 4to.
Blake, Thomas, 1597-1657, a Puritan divine. was a
native of Staffordshire. He was entered at Christ Church,
Oxford, in 1616. A Treatise of the Covenant of God with
Mankind, Lon., 1653, 4to. The Covenant Sealed, 1655,
4to. Living Truths in Dying Times, 1665, 12mo. Con-
troversial treatises on Infant Baptism. At his funeral
Many of the ministers and others of the neighbourhood being
Ci
present. Mr. Anth. Burgess, of Sutton Colfield. stept up into the
pulpit and preached his funeral sermon, wherein, in the conclu-
sion, he said many things of the defunct relating to his learning
and godliness.”—Athen, Oxon.
Blake, Wm., 1757-1828, b. in London, an engraver
and author, attracted great attention by his eccentricity
and artistic talents. The Gates of Paradise, Illustrated
by 16 Engravings, for Children, 1793, 12mo. Songs of
Experience, with Plates. America; a Prophecy, 1793, fol.
Europe; a Prophecy, 1794, fol. A Descriptive Catalogue
of Pictures, Poetical and Historical Inventions, painted by
himself in Water-Colours, Lon., 1809, 12mo. His Illus-
trated Edition of Young's Night Thoughts, 1779, imp. 4to,
and Illustrations to Blair's Grave, 1808, imp. 4to, have
been greatly admired. Poet. Sketches, 1783, Svo. Songs
of Innocence and of Experience, 1789-94, 2 vols. Svo: sold,
1855, £12 5s. ; same, 1 vol. imp. 4to, coloured by the artist,
£10 108. Book of Thiel, 1789, 4to. Vision of the Daughters
of Albion, 1793, s. f. Book of Ahania, 1795. Marriage
of Heaven and Hell, 1800. Jerusalem: the Emanation
of the Giant Albion, fol. Illustrations to the Book of Job,
fol. Illustrations to Comus. Milton; a Poem, 1804, 4to,
£10 108., Bohn's Cat. Illustrations to Dante, fol.
"Blake is a real name. I assure you, and a most extraordinary
man he is, if he still be living. He is the Blake whose wild designs
accompany a splendid edition of Blair's Grave. He paints in wa-
ter-colours marvellous strange pictures-visions of his brain-
which he asserts he has seen. They have great merit. I must
look upon him as one of the most extraordinary persons of the
age."-CHARLES LAMB.
T
"Full of feeling and delicacy, and looked on with wonder and
respect by the world."-Pilkington's Dict. of Pointers.
<
The most original, and in truth the only new and original,
version of the Scripture idea of Angels which I have met with, is
that of William Blake, a poet-painter. somewhat mad, as we are
told. if indeed his madness were not rather the telescope of truth,'
him than to others."-Mrs. Jameson's Sucred and Legendury Art.
a sort of poetical clairvoyance, bringing the unearthly nearer to
State of the Currency, Lon., 1810, 8vo.
Blake, William. Course of Exchange, and the De-
Blake, William. Private Judgment, a Sermon,
1818, 12mo.
Blakeney,L. Theolog.,&c.works, 1814-15,8vo and 4to.
Blakeney, R. P. Awful Disclosure of the iniquitous
principles taught by the Church of Rome, being extracts
trans. from the Moral Theology of Alphonso Liguori, who
was canonized in the year 1839, Lon., 1846, 12mo.
Blakeway, John Brickdale, 1765–1826, a divine
and antiquary, was educated at Westminster School and
Oriel College, Oxford. He pub. A Warning against Schism,
a Sermon, 1799, 4to. Thanksgiving Serinon, 1805, 8vo.
An Attempt to ascertain the Author of Junius's Letters,
1813, Svo. He compiled a History of Shrewsbury, the last
number of which was completed about the time of his de-
the press. Notices of the Sheriffs of Shropshire, fol.
cease. He left other historical collections, not prepared for
Blakeway, Robert. Sermon on obedience to King
George, 1716, Svo. An Essay towards the Cure of Reli-
gious Melancholy, Lon., 1717, Svo.
Blakey. On Making Steam Engines, Lon., 1793, Svo.
Blakey, Robert. History of the Philosophy of Mind;
embracing the opinions of all Writers on Mental Science
from the Earliest Period to the Present Time, 4 vols. 8vo,
Lon., 1848; again, 1850.
"We regard these volumes as embodying little short of the sub-
stance of a library in themselves."—Church of England Quarterly,
"We entirely congratulate the author, and still more the public,
on the appearance of this great work."-Britannia.
"For the thorough student of the history of philosophy, this is
the best guide.”—Lon. Athen.
Essay on Logic. 12mo. On Moral Good and Evil, Svo.
Hist. of Moral Science, 2 vols. Svo. Lives of the Primitive
Fathers, Svo. Temporal Benefits of Christianity, Svo. Hist.
of Political Literature, 2 vols. 8vo.
Blakey, William, of the College of Surgeons at Paris.
Observations concerning Ruptures, Lon., 1764, Svo.
Blackiston, Capt. J. Twelve years' [1802-14]
Military Adventures in three Quarters of the Globe, in which
are contained the Campaigns of the Duke of Wellington
in India, and his last in Spain and the South of France,
Lon., 2 vols. 8vo, 1840.
“A valuable body of information upon the course of the British
army in India. in Spain, and the South of France."-Lon. Atlus.
"We like Twelve Years' Military Adventures very much.”—
Blac' wood's Magazine.
of amusing anecdotes of personal adventure, and remarks
Twenty Years in Retirement, 2 vols. Svo, 1836. Full
on men and manners.
Blakiston, Perry, M.D., late Physician to the Bir-
mingham Hospital. On Diseases of the Chest, and on the
Principles of Auscultation, Lon., 1847, Svo.
"Dr. Blakiston's production not only gives him a place in the
rather thin ranks of sound and accomplished physicians. possessed
of a true notion of the importance of their science, and of the
means by which it should be cultivated, but adds to English Me-
dical Literature one of the few really inductive works by which it
is adorned."-Medico-Chirurgical Review.
Blakwell, Alexander. See BLACKWELL.
Blamford, Samuel. Discourses, 1660, Svo.
Blamire, Susannah, 1747–1794, a native of Cum-
herland, England, resided for some years in Scotland, where
she became acquainted with the dialect of the country, and
devoted her attention so successfully to the national poe-
try as to write Scottish lyrics of great elegance and beauty.
Iler best-known pieces are, The Nabob, The Siller Crown,
The Waefu' Heart. Auld Robin Forbes, and a descriptive
poem entitled Stocklewath, or the Cumbrian Village. Pa
trick Maxwell pub. her works, with a memoir, preface, and
notes in 1842, in one volume.
1828. Tales and Essays, entitled Sketches from the Lite,
Blanchard, Laman, 1803–1845. The Lyric Offering,
Lon., 1849, 3 vols. p. Svo.
with a Memoir of the Author by Sir Edward Balwer Lytton,
"As Addison and Steele reflected their own generations, so has
Laman Blanchard in his sketches mirrored forth the variable and
motley peculiarities of the present day: they have but to be read
to be admired. Let all lovers of our British essayists-all worship-
pers of our Goldsmiths, our Lambs, and our Hawkesworths-add
these three volumes to their previous collection. Sir Edward Bulwer
Lytton's memoir will be read with much interest.”—Lon. Sun,
203
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Blanchard, W. J.
1779-87.
Works on Short Hand, Lon.,
Blanckley, T. R. A Naval Expositor, explaining
the Terms of the Art, Lon., 1650, 4to.
Bland, Edwarde. Discovery of N. Brittaine, Lon.,
1651, 4to.
Bland, Elizabeth, of London, born about 1660, was
celebrated for her knowledge of the Hebrew language,
which was taught her by Lord Van Helmont. There is
There is
preserved in the Royal Society a phylactery in Hebrew,
written by her at the request of Ralph Thoresby. Dr.
Grew gives a description of this in his Account of Rarities
preserved at Gresham College, Lon., 1681, fol. See Thores-
by's Diary and Correspondence for several letters from
Miss Bland (she was never married) to Ralph Thoresby.
The honest antiquary thus details his surprise at the young
lady's erudition:
June 26, 1709. Walked to Beeston-Hall to visit Mr. Bland;
was surprised to hear his daughter read IIebrew distinctly into
English, which she learnt of her mother, who is an ingenious gen-
tlewoman. She presented me with an autograph of the noted
George Fox, the founder of Quakerism."
Bland, Humphrey. Mil. Discipline, Lon. 1727, Svo.
Bland, J. Theolog. Treatises, 1768-94.
Bland, J. The Nabob of Oude, 1807, Svo.
Bland, John. Theolog. Treatises, &c., 1746–50, &c.
Bland, M., D.D. Annotations on the Historical Books
of the New Testament, 1828-29, vols. i. and ii.
"These annotations on St. Matthew and St. Mark, drawn partly
from the fathers and early ecclesiastical writers, but principally
from early English divines, are designed for the use of students
at the universities, and candidates for holy orders."
▸
Dr. Bland has pub. a number of mathematical and other
works.
Blandy, Adam. Fellow of Pembroke College, Ox-
ford. Chronological tables of the World, Svo.
Blandy, William. The Castle or Picture of Policy,
Lon., 1581, 4to.
and subsequently Physician in Ordinary to William IV.
He was created a baronet in 1812. The prize medal
awarded to the best journal kept by the surgeon of the
Navy was a proposition of Sir Gilbert's. He pub. many
professional works, 1775-1832. We notice some of the
principal: Observations on the Discases incident to Sea-
men, Lon., 1785, Svo. A Lecture on Muscular Motion,
Lon., 1790, 4to. This work is highly commended by phy-
siologists. A Serious Address to the Public on the Prac-
tice of Vaccination, Lon., 1811, Svo. Elements of Medi-
cal Logic, including a statement respecting the contagious
nature of the Yellow Fever, Lon., 1818, 8vo. Select Dis-
sertations on several Subjects of Medical Science, Lon.,
1822, Svo. A Brief Statement of the Progressive Im-
provement of the Health of the Royal Navy at the end
of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, Lon., 1830,
Svo. Warning and Admonition to the British Public on
the Introduction of the Cholera of India, Lon., 1832, Svo.
Sir Gilbert had six sons and three daughters. His suc-
cessor in the title, Sir Hugh Seymour Blane, served with
distinction at Waterloo as an officer of the Third Guards.
Blane, William. Essays on Hunting, Lon., 1781,
Svo. Hunting Excursion of Asaph ul Dowlah, Lon., 1788,
Svo. Production of Borax, Phil. Trans., 1787.
"Shewing forth, most lively, the Face. Body, and Parts of a
Commonwealth: the Duty, Quality, Profession of a Perfect and
Absolute Soldier."-Tille-page.
Blanshard, Henry. Appeal for India, Lon., 1836, Svo.
Blanshard, William. Statutes of Limitation, Lon.,
1820, Svo.
Bland, Peter. Political treatises, Lon. and Hull, 1642.
Bland, Philip. Plain Parish Sers., Lon., 1850, 12mo.
Bland, Richard, d. 1778, a political writer of Vir-
ginia, pub. in 1766 An Inquiry into the Rights of the
British Colonies, in answer to a British publication-Re-
gulations concerning the Colonies, &c. Arthur Lee and
Jefferson also took part in the controversies of this period.
In 1758 he wrote on the controversy between the clergy
and the Assembly concerning the Tobacco tax.
"His perfect mastery of every fact connected with the settle-
ment and progress of the colony had given him the name of the
Virginian antiquary. He was a politician of the first class, a pro-
found logician, and was also considered as the first writer in the
colony." See Jefferson's Notes; Wirt's Life of Henry.
Bland, Robert, M.D. Observations on Parturition,
Lon., 1794, Svo. Proverbs, 2 vols. 8vo, 1814. Profess.
Con. to Phil. Trans., 1781.
Description of Venezuela, Trinidad, Margarita, and To-
Bland, Robert, 1779-1825, son of the above, was
for some time minister of the English Church at Amster-bago, from the French of M. De Lavaysse, Svo.
dam, afterwards settled at Kenilworth. Two Poems, Lon.,
1808, Svo. The Four Slaves of Cythera, 1809, Svo. Mi-
nor Poets of Greece, 1813, Svo. Collections from the
Greek Mythology, 1813, Svo, assisted by J. H. Merivale,
&c. hence Byron calls them the "Associate Bards," in
his English Bards, &c.
"Rarely has the world obtained a richer treasure of poetic gems
Of this useful and instructive volume it is impossible to speak
too highly. The original Author, M. Lavaysse, is a philanthro
pist and a philosopher, and the Translator has not only done him
justice, but has enriched the work with many valuable notes and
illustrations."—London Monthly Mag., Jan.. 1820.
Mr. Blaquiere pub. a few other works.
Trans. of Schiller's
Blaquiere, Hon. William.
History of the Thirty Years' War, Lon.. 1799, 2 vols. 8vo.
"It neither conveys an adequate idea of the original work, nor
presents even correct English composition."-Lon. Monthly Review.
Blau, Robert. Grammatical works, Edin., 1701, Svo.
Blaxland, George. Codex Legum Anglicarum; or
a. digest of principles of English Law; arranged in the
order of the Code Napoleon, with a Historical Introduc-
tion, Lon., 1839, Svo.
than is contained in this collection."-Lon. Athen.
In conjunction with Miss Plumtree, Mr. Bland trans. the
Memoirs of De Grimm and Diderot, 2 vols. Svo, 1813.
Bland, Col. Theodoric, 1742-1790. Bland Papers.
See CAMPBELL. CHARLES, p. 331.
Bland, Theodoric. Report of Cases decided in the
High Court of Chancery, Maryland, Balt., 1836-41.
Bland, Thomas. On Epilepsy, Med. Comm., 1780.
Bland, Tobie. Baite for Momus, Lon., 1589. 4to.
Bland, Wm., Jr. The Principles of Agriculture,
Lon.. 1827, Svo.
Blane, Sir Gilbert, Bart., M.D., 1749-1834, an emi-
nent physician, was a native of Banefield, county of Ayr,
Scotland. He served for some time in the Royal Navy,
and was afterwards elected physician to St. Thomas's Hospi-
tal, and appointed Physician Extraordinary to George IV.,
Blaquiere, Edward, Royal Navy. Letters from the
Mediterranean, 2 vols. Svo, Lon., 1813.
"Mr. Blaquiere has produced an interesting and considerably
important work, which is not merely creditable to his talents, but
his integrity, and from which his Majesty's Government may ac-
quire a great deal of useful information."-Eclectic Review.
picture of these countries than any of his competitors."-Edinburgh
"Mr. Blaquiere has given a more minute, full, and entertaining
Review.
An Historical Review of the Spanish Revolution, Svo.
"It is impossible to peruse this volume without feelings of
the most affecting and irresistible nature."-London Monthly Mag.,
Sept., 1822.
The Greek Revolution: its Origin and Progress, 8vo.
behalf, and the British public will thank him for the very clear
"To Mr. B., Greece is much indebted for his exertions in her
and impartial account he has given of one of the most interesting
revolutions that has occurred in the history of the World.”—Lon-
don Literary Chronicle.
Narrative of a Residence in Algiers, by M. Pananti,
with notes by E. Blaquiere, 4to.
"This volume will be found to be an object of particular curio-
sity from the minute and lively manner in which it lays open
the interior of the Court of the Dey of Algiers."
"The volume treats the processes of cultivation in a very con-
cise and enlightened manner. The author holds to practice, and
observes the results.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Bing,
Blandie, William, educated at Oxford, trans. the fence of Usury.
Five Books of Hieronimus Osorius, Lon., 1576, 4to.
"This is a rare book. I think Mr. Blandie. the translator, was
a Roman Catholick.”—MS. note by Hearne, in his copy of the above
work.
"The author's object in this work has been to collect as many
rules of English law as there are articles of the French Code, bear-
ing on similar points and arranged in the same order.”
Blaxton, John. English Usurer, or Usury Con-
demned by the most learned and famous Divines of the
Church of England, Lon., 1634, 4to. Verses by George
Wither at the end. On this subject, see Bentham's De-
Blaymires, J. Christian Spelling Book, 1790, Svo.
Blayney, Major General, Lord. Narrative of a
forced Journey through France and Spain, as a Prisoner
of War, in the years 1810-14, 2 vols. 8vo, 1814. Vol. 3,
sequel, 1816. See a critique on this work, Quarterly Re-
view, vols. xiv., xv.
Blayney, Allan. Festorum Metropolis, Lon.,1654,8vo.
Blayney, Benjamin, D.D., d. 1801, of Worcester
College, Oxford, afterwards of Hertford College; M. A.,
1753; B. D., 1768; D. D., 1787; and in the same year
Regius Professor of Hebrew, Oxford. He was very emi-
nent as a Biblical critic.
nent as a Biblical critic. A Dissertation on Daniel's 70
Weeks, Oxf., 1775, 4to. This controverts some points of
Michaelis's opinions. See Lon. Monthly Review, O. S.,
vol. lii. Jeremiah and Lamentations: a new translation,
|
201
BLA
BLE
wich Notes, philological and explanatory, Oxf., 1784, 4to;
2d edit. with additions, 1797, 4to. Edin., 1810, 8vo.
·
"This work is executed on the same plan as Bishop Lowth's
version of Isaiah; and though not with equal success, yet with
much credit to the author, both as a translator and a critic.
The notes are very copious. Many of them are very useful, and
some discover much critical knowledge in the Hebrew language,
and a good acquaintance with ancient history.”—Lon. Monthly
Review.
•
Zechariah: a New Translation, with Notes, Lon.,1797,4to.
"We think it our duty to say that Dr. Blayney has produced a
valuable illustration of Zechariah, and afforded great assistance to
the biblical student."-British Critic, O. S., vol. xili. See Monthly
Review, N. S., vol. xxviii.
Pentateuchus Hebræo-Samaritanus, &c., Oxon. 1790,8vo.
"The text of the Hebræo-Samaritan Pentateuch, which was
printed in Bishop Walton's Polyglot, has been adopted as the basis
of this edition. to which have been added various readings from
Dr. Kennicott's edition of the Hebrew Bible."-Horne's Introduc
tim.
Dr. Blayney bestowed much labour in revising the edi-
tion of the Authorized Version of the Bible, printed at the
Clarendon Press, 1769, 4to, and fol. He also added many
marginal references to this edition. See Horne's Intro-
duction.
"Blayney was not deficient in learning, but he had not that ex-
quisite taste. and acute discernment of poetical beauty, for which
Lowth was distinguished."—Orme.
Blayney, Frederick. Life Annuities, 1818.
Bleamire, William. Remarks on the Poor Laws
and the Maintenance of the Poor, Lon., 1800, Svo.
Blechynden, Richard. Theolog. treatise, Lon.,
1685. fol.
Bleecker, Anne Eliza, 1752-1783, a daughter of
Brandt Schuyler of New York, was married in 1769 to
John J. Bleecker of New Rochelle. After her death some
of her writings were collected and published in 1793, and
again in 1809, with a notice of her life by her daughter,
Mrs. Margarette V. Faugeres. Some of Mrs. F.'s Essays
will be found in the volume.
"The memoirs of Mrs. Bleecker and her Poems, were published
many years ago, but I have sought in vain among the libraries
and the Bleeckers, to obtain a copy.”—W. L. STONE: Life of Brunt,
vol. i. p. 207.
|
"There are no wonderful traces of genius in Mrs. Bleccker's
poems; but they show a refined taste. and talents which might
have been cultivated to higher efforts, if the circumstances sur-
rounding the author had been propitious. There is a pure current
of conjugal and maternal feeling to be traced in all her effusions."
-MRS. S. J. HALE: Woman's Record.
Bleecker, Anthony, d. 1827, aged 49, a graduate of
Columbia College, New York, pub. many fugitive poetical
pieces.
For thirty years the periodical literature of New York and
Philadelphia was constantly indebted to his fancy and good taste."
Allen's Amer. Bing. Dict.
Blegborough, Ralph, M.D., 1769-1827, a London
physician. Facts respecting the Air Pump, &c., Lon.,
1803, Svo. He contributed to several medical periodicals.
Blencowe, Edward, formerly Fellow of Oriel Col-
lege. Plain Sermons addressed to a Country congrega-
tion, 1st, 2d, and 3d series, Lon., 3 vols. Svo. 3d series
pub. 1851.
"The discourses are plain, interesting, and pre-eminently prac
tical.”—English Churchman.
་་
"They really deserve their title of plain sermons, and that is
the very highest praise that could be accorded to any."-Lon. Critic.
"Simple, intelligible, and affectionate.”—Church and State Gazotle.
"Very stirring and practical.”—Christian Remembrancer.
Blencowe, R. W. Editor of Hon. Henry Sidney's
Diary of Charles the Second's Times, 2 vols. Svo. See
SIDNEY, HON. HENRY.
Blener-Hasset, Thomas, a minor poet, temp.
Elizabeth, made additions to the edition of the Mirrour
for Magistrates, pub. in 1578.
"The year 1578 not only produced this second impression of
Higgins's Mirrour, but witnessed a fifth and separate edition of
Baldwyne's labours, with the addition of two legends, and an in-
termediate part written by Thomas Blener-Ilusset, containing
twelve stories, and entitled The Seconde part of the Mirrour of
Magistrates, conteining the falles of the infortunate Princes of
this Lande; from the Conquest of Cæser into the commyng of
Duke William the Conqueror.”—Drake's Shakspeare and His Times,
vol. i.
Blener-Hasset pub. in 1610, A Direction for the Planta-
tion of Ulster.
Blenman, Richard. Acts of Parliament, Lon., 1742,
Svo.
Blennerhaysett, Thomas. Sermons, 1715-16.
Blesen, or Blesenis, Peter, d. about 1200? Arch-
deacon of Bath, afterwards of London, a native of Blois,
was a favourite with Henry II. of England. Opera, Paris,
1519. Auctiora, cum notis. Paris, 1667, fol. Paralipo-
mena Operum, Col. Agr., 1624, Svo. Continuatio: Histo-
ria Ingulphi, &c., Oxf., 1654?
|
Blessington, Countess of, 1787-1849, was b at
Knockbut, Tipperary, Ireland, the second daughter of
Edmund Power, Esq., of Carrabeen. At the age of fifteen
she married Captain Farmer of the 47th Regiment, R. A.
He died in 1817. Possessed of great personal beauty, and
highly accomplished, she did not long remain a widow,
and in 1818 was married to Charles John Gardiner, Earl
of Blessington. The Earl and Countess resided chiefly
on the Continent until the death of the former in 1829,
when she moved to London, and resided there, first in
Berkeley-Square, and subsequently at Gore House, until
1849, when she removed to Paris, where she died in the
same year. The marriage of her step-daughter, Lady
Harriet Anne Frances Gardiner, the only child of the Earl
of Blessington, to Count D'Orsay, their separation, and
the subsequent family history, are no secrets either in the
Empire of Fashion or the Republic of Letters.
Lord Byron was a great admirer of Lady Blessington,
and her published Conversations with him was one of the
most popular books of the day. Lady B.'s publications
are numerous:
The Magic Lantern. Sketches and Fragments. Tour
in the Netherlands. Conversations with Lord Byron. The
Repealers. The Victims of Society.
The Victims of Society, and The Lepealers, bave found par-
ticular favour in the eyes of those whose range of reading is still
confined to the shelves of a circulating library."-Hunt's Londen
Journal.
6.
The Two Friends. Meredith.
"The plot is one which must be read through to be appreciated;
and we take leave of Lady Blessington, knowing that the name
of her readers will be legion, and that they will find ample amuse
ment and interest in the clever and fanciful story of Meredith.”-
London Court Journal, July 8, 1843.
M
The Idler in Italy. The Idler in France.
"As Lady Blessington. during her residence in Paris, moved in
France, as may readily be imagined. is remarkably rich in piquant
the most brilliant society in the French metropolis, her Idler in
anecdote. Exclusive of the large number of distinguished foreign-
ers who have a place in these volumes, her ladyship introduces the
reader to an assemblage, equally brilliant, of her own compatriots.
Among others, the Dukes of Wellington and Hamilton; the Ladies
Hawarden, Combermere, Stuart de Rothsay, Lyndsay, and Dysart;
Lords Byron. Yarmouth, Lilford, Lansdowne, Darnley, Charle
mont, Stuart de Rothsay, Erskine, Glenelg, Rosslyn, John Russell,
Allen, Pembroke, Palmerston, Castlereagh. Cadogan, and Abinger;
Sirs Robert Peel, Francis Burdett, Andrew Barnard, William Drum-
mond, William Gell; Colonels E. Lygon, Leicester Stanhope, and
Caradoc; and Messrs. Charles Mills, Douglas Kincaird, Standish,
Cuthbert, Disraeli, Walter Savage Landor, Shelley, William Spen
cer, Rogers, Luttrell. &c."
،.
In Paris and Parisian society, Lady Blessington is quite at
home."-London Athenaum,
"A couple of delightful volumes, by the most delightful of fe-
male writers."—London Welly Chronicle.
The Governess. Confessions of an Elderly Gentleman.
"This is a most charming volume-full of the nice feeling, the
elderly gentleman, who has been in love six times, has done his
keen perception, and the delicate mind of a woman. Certainly an
duty by the female sex; but the six lovely faces collected by Parris
quite warrant the proceeding. Each face has its separate history
delightfully done. The stories are singularly lively, and lighted
up by a myriad of observations either shrewd or touching."-Lơn.
Literary Gazette.
This is much the best of Lady Blessington's fictions. It has
the consistency of an autobiography: and the reader will listen
with interest and curiosity till the Elderly Gentleman has nothing
more to confess. There is incident enough in each of his tales to
have furnished a three-volume novel. The two pathetic stories
relieve the livelier ones very happily; and we close the records of
his dreams and follies with a full conviction that the Elderly Gen-
tleman deserved his six disappointments.”—Lon. AthenauM.
"These Confessions are sparkling in their execution, and like
all the novels of the accomplished writer, they are peculiarly
Romans de Société-the characters that move and breathe through
out them are the actual persons of the great world; and the re
flections with which they abound belong to the philosophy of one
who has well examined the existing manners. Iler portraiture of
familiar scenes, of every-day incidents, are mateùless for truth aud
grace.”—Ãdinburgh Keview.
"There are few fictions, though of thrice the exterior preten
sions of these Confessions, that possess so much weight.”—Lendon
Monthly Review.
Country Quarters. Marmaduke Herbert. Confessions of
an Elderly Lady.
"The Confessions of an Elderly Gentleman is a deservedly popu-
lar work; but its present companion is, we think, even superior.
The niceties of feminine perception; the workings of the female
heart; the innate feelings and educational restraints which control
and modify the passions of the sex, shape its actions, and form its
character, are all portrayed with striking fidelity. It is with
these slight shades, which, like the strong colours in man's life,
work out the destinies of woman, that Lady Blessington has painted
the portrait of her heroine, and illustrated every turn of her fate,
from over-indulged infancy to irritable and peevish age. The les-
ment most skilful and admirable. Of axiomatic beauties, which
always distinguish productions of real talent and merit, there are
some sparkling gems, which cast a brilliant light upon the fabric.
son is a fine one: the incidents full of interest, and the denoue
205
BLE
BLI
and afford a happy relief to the tissue of loves, and cares, and | Blessington; compiled and edited by Dr. R. R. Madden,
hopes, and disappointments, and sorrows. Parris's eight portraits
are exquisite: we know not which is most lovely. They are, in-
deed, delightful illustrations of the story."-Lom. Literary Gazelle.
"It forms a pendant to Confessions of an Elderly Gentleman,
by the same fair hand, and fully equals, if not exceeds, its prede
cessor. There are a grace and elegance about both works which
cannot fail to attract and captivate."-John Bull.
author of The Life of Savonarola, Travels in the East, &c.
Blewert, William. On Annuities, Lon., 1783-92;
4th ed.; Tables corrected by J. B. Brize, Lon., 1847.
Blewitt, J. The Organ Service of the United Church
of England and Ireland.
“Mr. Blewitt is entitled to the thanks of all young organists,
for the very clear and conspicuous manner in which he has led
them through the whole of the service; there is also displayed
considerable taste in his delicate touches in the form of voluntary,
upon the swell, in his interludes," &c.-Harmonicon.
don, author of a vol. of Poems, Panorama of Torquay, 12mo,
Blewitt, Octavius, Secretary of Literary Fund, Lon-
and Hand-Book for Southern Italy, (Murray's,) 1853.
Blewitt, R. J. The Court of Chancery; a Satirical
Poem.
"The object of this book is to embody, in immortal verse, the
reflections of the author on every thing connected with Chancery.
The volume contains some very clever hits at several members
of the English bench and bar, with a pretty large share of abuse
and venom. The author, whoever he may be, is shooting masked,
Blewitt being an assumed name.'
> >>
"A more perfect moral anatomization of the female heart has
seldom been exhibited in any work of fiction. The serious passages
are agreeably relieved by some amusing sketches of the aristocra-
cy of by-gone times. . . . If the confessions of the Lady' do not ex-
hibit so much variety as those of the 'Gentleman,' they are infi-
•
Ditely superior in the depth of their interest, and in the excellence
of the lessons they inculcate.”—Morning Post.
"No actual confessions, whosoever the autobiographer might be,
ever interested us more; nor were any ever made that proffer a
finer and truer lesson to humanity, to women especially. Vanity
and pride in women were never laid bare by a firmer or gentler
hand. . . . Immeasurably superior to the Confessions of an Elder
ly Gentleman."-Court Journal.
|
The tale throughout is written with ease and elegance."-
Athenæum.
Desultory Thoughts and Reflections.
"These terse and well-digested aphorisms are as remarkable for
their moral value as for their elegant and graceful setting."-
Conservative Journal.
--
The Belle of a Season. Tour through the Netherlands
to Paris. Strathren. Memoirs of a Femme de Chambre.
The Lottery of Life, and other tales.
"Lady Blessington's book has been very pleasant reading to us.
It is gracefully written throughout, and with a lively power of
good-hearted ridicule. Lady Blessington excels in what we may
call refined caricature. in which a spirit of frolic and exaggeration
runs side by side with a cheerful fancy, shrewd observation, and
humour both sharp and genial. These volumes will add to Lady
Blessington's reputation, as a lively, acute, and agreeable writer."
—London Examiner.
Lady B. contributed many articles to the periodicals of
the day, and for 7 or 8 years edited The Keepsake and
The Gems of Beauty.
We present the reader with a full-length portrait of the
Countess of Blessington, drawn by the graphic pencil of
an acquaintance of her ladyship-N. P. Willis, Esq., of
New York,
"The portrait of Lady Blessington in the Book of Beauty is not
unlike her, but it is still an unfavourable likeness. A picture by
Sir Thomas Lawrence hung opposite me, taken, perhaps, at the
age of eighteen, which is more like her, and as captivating a re-
presentation of a just matured woman, full of loveliness and love,
the kind of creature with whose divine sweetness the gazer's heart
aches, as ever was drawn in the painter's most inspired hour.
The original is now (she confessed it very frankly) forty. She
looks something on the sunny side of thirty. Her person is full,
but preserves all the fineness of an admirable shape; her foot is
not crowded in a satin slipper for which a Cinderella might be
looked for in vain, and her complexion (an unusually fair skin,
with very dark hair and eyebrows) is of even a girlish delicacy
and freshness. Her dress of blue satin (if I am describing her like
a milliner, it is because I have here and there a reader of the Mirror
In my eye who will be amused by it) was cut low, and folded
across her bosom, in a way to show to advantage the round and
sculpture-like curve and whiteness of a pair of exquisite shoulders,
while her hair dressed close to her head, and parted simply on her
forehead with a rich fernière of turquoise, enveloped in clear
outline a head with which it would be difficult to find a fault.
Her features are regular, and her mouth, the most expressive of
them. has a ripe fulness and freedom of play, peculiar to the Irish
physiognomy, and expressive of the most unsuspicious good hu-
mour. Add to all this a voice merry and sad by turns, but always
musical, and manners of the most unpretending elegance, yet even
more remarkable for their winning kindness, and you have the
most prominent traits of one of the most lovely and fascinating
women I have ever seen."-Pencillings by the Way.
We conclude with two opinions of rather a conflicting
character:
Many things have contributed to raise her to her present po-
sition of polite letters. beyond the general merits of her works.
The charm of title, her indisputable taste in the fine arts. and,
above all, her beauty, have been all along so many assisting ex-
cellencies to support her literary reputation. When a lady
condescends to write, whose equipage arrests the attention of the
thousands that throng daily the fashionable localities of London,
she is all the time, as her carriage rolls on from street to street,
creating a new class of readers. Struck with the appearance of her
equipare, they are anxious to ascertain how its owner looks, thinks,
acis and writes: the circulating libraries gain new subscribers,
and Lady Blessington extends in this way the reputation of her
genius.”—Hunt's London Journal.
Audi alteram partem :
"As an acute and brilliant delineator of the traits and foibles
of fashionable life, Lady Blessington is unequalled. She draws
with a steady yet delicate hand the denizens of le beau monde,
justly discriminating the various shades of character she has to
deal with; and presents at last, a lively picture, replete with strik-
ing contrast, yet exquisitely natural, of which we admire the exe-
cution, whilst we acknowledge the truth."—Court Journal,
For further information respecting her ladyship, we
must refer the reader to the following work, in 3 vols. demi,
Sv, with portraits by R. J. Lane, Esq., A.R.A.: The
Literary Life and Correspondence of the Countess of
Blick, F. Sermon, Buckingham, 1791, Svo.
Blicke, Sir Charles, Knt., Surgeon to St. Bartho-
lomew's Hospital, London. An Essay on the Yellow
Fever of Jamaica, collected from the MSS. of a late Sur-
geon, Lon., 1772, Svo.
Bligh, Arthur. Poetical works, 1806.
Bligh, Michael. Church of God, 1765, 8vo.
Bligh, Richard. Reports and Legal treatises, Lon.,
1821, &c. Mr. Bligh's Reports of Cases heard in the House
of Lords are in continuation of those by Mr. Dow, 10 vols.
A Narrative of the Mutiny on
Bligh, William.
Board H. M. Ship Bounty, Lon., 1790, 4to. This was
Bligh in A
trans. into French: it was incorporated by
Voyage to the South Sea, Lon., 1792, 4to. In 1794 he
pub. Answers to Mr. E. Christian's Assertions relative to
the Trial of the Mutineers of the Bounty. This interest-
ing story-the Mutiny on the Bounty is well known.
Blind Harry. See HENRY THE MINSTREL.
Blinman, Richard, first minister of New London,
Connecticut, a native of Great Britain, arrived in America
in 1642. He pub. A Rejoynder to Mr. Henry Danvers his
brief friendly reply to my answer about Infant Baptism,
Lon., 1675, 24mo.
-
Blinshall, James, D.D. Evidence of the future
Publication of the Gospel to all Nations, with an Account
of the Soc. Scot. Prop. Chr. Knowledge, Edin., 1780, 8vo.
Bliss, Anthony. A Sermon, 1725, Svo.
Bliss, George. The obligatory Nature of the Sacra-
ments, or Strictures on Mr. Gurney's Remarks, Lon., 1826,
12mo. Notes on the New Testament, &c.
Bliss, John. Mineral Waters of Hampstead, &c.,
1802.
Bliss, Nathaniel. Bradley's Astronomical Observa-
tions, with a Continuation, Oxf., 1789-1805, 2 vols. fol.
Astronom. Papers in Phil. Trans., 1761, 4to.
Bliss, Philip, D.D., D.C.L., &c., 1788-1857, b. in
Gloucester co., Eng., Fellow of St. John's College, Oxford,
edited Earle's Micro-Cosmography, with Notes, Lon., 1809,
Svo; Aubrey's Lives of Eminent Men, trans. from the
original MSS. in the Ashmolean Museum,-forming a
portion of the work known as the Letters from the Bod-
leian, 1813, 3 vols. 8vo; Bibliographical Miscellanies, 1813,
thin 4to: 104 copies printed. He repub. two old plays;
printed from the collection in his own library, 1846; ed.
ed. Henshaw's Meditations, 1841, 12mo; Historical Papers.
ed. Henshaw's 1841,
for the Ecclesiastical Historical Society The Life of An-
thony à Wood, which was intended to form the first vol.
of a new edition of Athen. Oxon., 1848; Catalogue of Ox-
ford Graduates from 1649 to 1850, 1851, Svo; Reliquia
Hearnianæ extracted from the Diaries of Thomas Hearne,
1857, 2 vols. 8vo. This work was commenced, and be-
tween 500 and 600 pages were printed, more than forty
years before it was published. The entire edition of 150
copies on small and 50 copies on large paper were sold in
Dr. B. deserves enduring
six weeks after publication.
honours for his invaluable edition of Wood's Athenæ
Oxoniensis, Lon., 1813-20, 4 vols. 4to, which we shall
notice in our article Woon, ANTHONY, q. V. Dr. Dibdin
handsomely acknowledges his obligations to him, and
these pages attest ours:
"My friend the Rev. Dr. Bliss, of the Bodleian Library, has ena-
bled me to enrich these pages not only by the examination of
many treasures in that wonderful repository, but by the loan of
his work (not yet published) of the Reliquiæ Hearnianæ. The
pages of his Athene Oxoniensis have been also at times singularly
useful.. If the Athenær Oxoniensis be thrice welcome,' in any
shapo. it is nine times welcome in the recent impression just al-
luded to! for more care, attention, accuracy, and valuable enlarge-
K
·
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*
mont, from an inexlinuatible stock of materials, (some of them con-
temporaneous.) has rarely been witnessed than in the editorial la-
bours of Dr. Bliss upon the text of his beloved Anthony Wood."—
Library Companion.
"The recent edition of Wood's Athena Oxoniensis has furnished
me with too many valuable notices not to merit my best acknow-
ledgment, and not to justify me in predicting for the editor of it
that station in the temple of future OXFORD WORTHIES to which his
labours 80 fairly entitle him.”—T.¡pographical Antiquities.
Bliss, Thomas. Joseph a Type of Christ, 1769, 8vo.
Blith, Blythe, or Blyth, Walter. English Im-
prover, or a new Survey of Husbandry, &c., Lon., 1649,
4to; improved 1652, 4to; against Hartlib.
"The writings of Blyth contain a great deal of sound sense,
and not badly expressed, on almost every branch of husbandry.
His principles are very correct, and he seems to have entertained
the first systematic conceptions of the benefits that would attend
the alternate husbandry."-Dmuldsım's Agricult. Biog.
"A well-known and very ingenious work."—Lon. Quar. Rerievs.
Blithe, Nath. Expl. C. Catechism, Lon., 1674, 8vo.
Blizard, Thomas, 1722-1838, was educated profes-
sionally under his cousin, Sir William Blizard. Med.
Con. to Phil. Trans., 1805; Med. Chir. Trans., 1809.
Blizard, Sir William, Knt., cousin of the above,
1743-1835, an eminent English surgeon, in conjunction
with Dr. Robert Maclaurin, established in 1785 the first
regular school of medical science in connexion with the
English Hospital. He was twice President of the Royal
College of Surgeons, and in 1810 was knighted by George
III. Lectures on the large Blood Vessels of the Extremni-
ties, Lon., 1786, 8vo; 3d edit., 1798. Suggestions for the
Improvement of Hospitals, and other Charitable Institu-
tions, Lon., 1796, 8vo; trans. into German. A New
Method of treating the Fistula Lachrymalis, Lon., 1780,
4to. Of the Expediency and Utility of Teaching the
several Branches of Physic and Surgery by Lectures at
the London Hospital, Lon., 1783, 4to. On the Danger of
Copper and Bell Metal in Pharmaceutical and Chemical
Preparations, Lon., 1786, 8vo.
Blodget, Lorin, Sec. to the Philadelphia Board of
Trade. Climatology of the United States, and of the Tem-
perate Latitudes of the North American Continent, em-
bracing a full comparison of these with the Climatology
of the Temperate Latitudes of Europe and Asia; with
Isothermal and Rain Charts, including a Summary of Me-
teorological Observations in the United States, condensed
from recent scientific and official publications, Phila., 1857,
Svo. This work has been highly eulogized by Baron Hum-
boldt and by otber eminent scientific authorities.
Blombery, W. N.. Life, &c. of E. Dickinson, M.D.,
Lon., 1709, Svo.
Blome, Richard. A Geograph. Descrip. of the 4
parts of the World, Lon., 1670, fol. Descrip. of Jamaica,
Lon., 1672, 12mo. Britannia, Lon., 1673, fol.
"A most entire piece of theft out of Camden and Speed."-Br.
NICOLSON.
60 Scribbled and transcribed from Cambden's Britannia and
Speed's Maps.”—Wood.
Art of Heraldry, 1685, 8vo. English Acquisitions in
Guinea, &c., 1686, 12mo. An Entire Body of Philosophy,
&e., trans. from the Latin, 1691, fol. This curious work
contains dissertations on Demonology; of Created Spirits
of the World and Heaven; the want of sense in Brute
Animals, &c. Gentleman's Recreation, Lon., 1710, fol.
"This person Bloome is esteemed by the chiefest heralds a most
impudent person; ... he gets a livelihood by hold practices:
originally a ruler of books and paper, who hath since practised.
for divers years. progging tricks in employing necessitous persons
to write in several arts.”—Woon.
Blomefield, Rev. Francis. History of Thetford,
Fersfield, 1739, 4to. Collectanca Cantabrigiensia, Nor-
wich, 1750, 4to. Essay towards a Topographical History
of the County of Norfolk. When Mr. B. had reached p.
678, vol. iii., he died; the Rev. Charles Parkin continued
the work, but also died before it was brought to a close:
t was completed by Mr. Whittingham, Fersfield, &c..
1739-73, 5 vols. fol., Lon., 1805-10; r. Svo, 11 vols., pub.
at £9 18.; 1. p. in 4to, £23 48.
Blomer, Ralph, D.D. Sermons, 1710, '12, 16, '30.
Blomfield, Barrington. Sermon, 1728, Svo.
Blomfield, Rt. Rev. Charles James, Bishop of
London, 1786–1857, was educated at Trinity College, Cam-
bridge he was third wrangler and senior medallist in
1808, and subsequently a Fellow of his College. He was
successively Archdeacon of Colchester, in Keut, and Rector
of St. Bartolph's, Bishopgate, London: was consecrated
Bishop of Chester in 1824, and translated to London in
1828. His Lordship's reputation as a classical scholar,
founded upon his editions of Eschylus and Callimachus,
his contributions to the Museum Criticum, &c., is too well
established to render it necessary to dwell upon the sub-
ject here. It is to be regretted that the Museum Criticum,
which contains so many noble monuments of British Clas-
sical learning the results of the erudite investigations of
Maltby, Monk, Elmsley, Burney, Hare, the Blomfields,
&c.-should have become so scarce that but few can
profit by its precious pages. Bishop Blomfield favoured
the world with several other publications. A Dissertation
upon the Traditional knowledge of a Promised Redeemer,
which subsisted before the Advent of our Saviour, Cam-
John, as bearing Testimony to the Divinity of Jesus
Five Lectures on the Gospel of St.
bridge, 1819, 8vo.
Christ, Lon., 1823, 12mo.
"A familiar elucidation of that particular branch of the demon-
stration which consists in the testimony of the beloved disciple.”
Twelve Lectures on the Acts of the Apostles, Lon.,
1829, 8vo.
"Very valuable lectures."-T. II. HORne.
"Strength of mind, perspicuity of diction, depth of reflection, and
piety of sentiment, are discernible throughout."-Chris. Rememb.
To the above work is annexed a new edition of the Lee-
tures on St. John, and in the appendix will be found Dr.
Tucker's Brief and Dispassionate View of the Difficulties
attending the Trinitarian, Arian, and Socinian Systems.
A Letter on the Present Neglect of the Lord's Day, Ad-
dressed to the Inhabitants of London and Westminster,
Lon., 1830, Svo. Manual of Family Prayers, 18mo. Private
Devotion, 18mo. Sermon at St. Botolph's, Bishopgate, 8vo.
See Bishop Blomfield and his Times, a Historical Sketch
by Rev. George Edward Biber, LL.D.
The author had unusual advantages for noting many of the
leading events as they occurred, and has made full use of his note
book."-Lon. Gent. Mag., Sept. 1857.
Blomfield, E. V., 1788–1816, brother of the abore,
Fellow and Tutor of Emanuel College, Cambridge. A
trans. of Augustus Matthiæ's Greek Grammar, Cambridge
University Press, 2 vols. Svo; 5th edit. revised by Kenrick.
.. This edition of Matthie's Greek Grammar exhibits the most
complete system of grammatical rules and examples that has yet
been given to the world."
7th edit. abridged, revised by Edwards, 1 vol. 12mo.
"The editor has endeavoured to substitute shorter and more
simple definitions and explanations than those which are contained
in the original work."-BISHOP OF LONDON: C. J. Blomfield's Preface.
E. V. B. contemplated a trans. of Schneider's and Pas-
sow's lexicons, and he contributed some papers to the
Museum Criticum.
Blomfield, George Becher. Sermons adapted to
Country Congregations, Lon.. 1841, 12mo.
Blondel, James A., M.D., d. about 1734, wrote a
professional work (1729, Svo) in answer to the statements
of Dr. Daniel Tower.
Castleacre, Lon.. r. 8vo.
Bloom, J. H.
Notices of the Castle and Priory at
Palpit Oratory in the Times of
James I., Lon., 1831, Svo.
60
These sermons are quite curiosities, and well worth a perusal
for the originality, quaintness, and learning which they embody,
in addition to sound church principles.”—Church Magazine.
Bloomfield, Ezekiel. Lectures on the Philosophy
of History, with Notes and Engravings, Lon.. 1820, 4to.
Bloomfield, Nathaniel, brother of Robert Bloom-
field. An Essay on War, in blank verse. Honington
Green, a Ballad. The Culprit, an Elegy; and other
Poems, 1803. 12mo.
Nathaniel had the honour of a lash from Lord Byron:
"If Phoebus smiled on you,
BLOOMFIELD! why not on brother Nathan too?
Him too the Mania, not the Muse, has seized;
Not inspiration, but a mind diseased :
And now no hoor can seek his last abode.
No common be inclosed, without an ode."
"See Nathaniel Bloomfield's ode, elegy, or whatsoever he or any
one else chooses to call it, on the inclosure of Honington Green."
-English Birds and Scotch Reviewers.
Bloomfield, Robert, 1766-1823, a native of Hon-
ington, in Suffolk, was the youngest son of a tailor, who
died before Robert was a year old, leaving a widow with
six children. Robert was placed in charge of his brother
George in London, to learn the mystery of shoe-making.
A knowledge of reading and writing was about all he ac-
quired during the few months he was sent to school. By
the kindness of his brother George and an acquaintance
named Fawcett, he was furnished with a number of books,
-a History of England, British Traveller, a Geography,
Paradise Lost, the Seasons, &c. This last work so en-
chanted him that for some time he spent all his leisure
hours in its perusal. Whilst working with six or seven
other men in a garret, he composed mentally, arranged
and rearranged, his poem of the Farmer's Boy, without
committing a line to paper. When able to procure paper
he had, as he remarks, "nothing to do but to write it down."
The poem was offered to several publishers without suc
I
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cess; but Bloomfield found a warm friend in Capel Lofft,
who took measures to have it printed. Its success was so
great that 26,000 copies were sold in three years. In the
next year an edition was pub. at Leipsic; a trans. into the
French, Le Valet du Fermier, appeared in Paris; a trans.
into Italian was pub. in Milan, and the Rev. W. Clubbe
produced Agricola Puer, in Latin verse. The other publi-
cations of Bloomfield were, Rural Tales, Ballads, and
Songs, Lon., 1802, Svo; Good Tidings, or News from the
Farm, 1804, 4to; Wild Flowers, 1806, 18mo; Banks of the
Wye, 1811; Works, 2 vols., 1814, 18mo; May Day with
the Muses, 1822, 12mo. His Remains in Poetry and
Verse, 2 vols. 8vo, appeared in 1824. Our author, in con-
sequence of imprudent liberality to poor relations, and of
an unfortunate adventure in the book business, lived in
poverty, and died some £200 in debt, leaving a widow and
four children.
Few compositions in the English language have been so
generally admired as The Farmer's Boy. Those who agreed
in but little else in literary matters were unanimous in the
commendation of the poetical powers displayed by the pea-
sant and journeyman mechanic. When Lord Byron, in
revenge for a deserved flagellation at the hands of Jeffrey,
undertook, with that mixture of arrogance and petty malice
which were his distinguishing characteristics, to turn the
literary corps into the subjects of a general whipping-
school, he does not forget the author of the Farmer's Boy:
Hear then, ye happy sons of needless trade!
Swains quit the plough, resign the useless spade:
Lo! BURNS and BLOOMFIELD, nay, a greater far,
Gifford, was born beneath an adverse star,
Forsook the labours of a servile state,
Stemm'd the rude storm, and triumph'd over Fate."-
English Bards and Scotch Reviewers. See BLOOMFIELD, NATHANIEL,
Among the eulogists of Bloomfield have been Parr,
Southey, Aiken, Watson, Montgomery, Dr. Drake, and Sir
Egerton Brydges. We quote some opinions:
.. ·
Such indeed are the merits of this work, [The Farmer's Boy,]
that, in true pastoral imagery and simplicity, I do not think any
production can be put in competition with it since the days of
Theocritus. To that charming rusticity which particularizes the
Grecian, are added the individuality, fdelity, and boldness of
description which render Thomson so interesting to the lovers of
Nature."-DR. NATHAN DRAKE: Literary Hours.
"Flowing numbers, feeling piety, imagery and animation, a
taste for the picturesque, force of thought, and a true sense of the
natural and pathetic,'
Mr. Lofft considers to be the common characteristics of
Thomson's Seasons and Bloomfield's Farmer's Boy. He
does not perceive any other resemblance, as some profess
to do.
"
Af
"Mr. Bloomfield, on the publication of The Farmer's Boy, was
looked on as a poetical prodigy, and not without reason. For he
shewed in that poem a very fine feeling for the beauties and the
occupations of the country. . . . It is most agreeable to read his
unlaboured descriptions of ploughing, and sowing, and reaping,
and sheaf-binding, and compunctious shooting of rooks. . . . The
Farmer's Boy is by far the best written, as to style and composi-
tion, of any work of our uneducated poets. The melody of the
versification is often exceedingly beautiful. . . . The Rural Tales
were many of them very good. .. The description of the Blind
Boy [in the News from the Farm] is worthy of being inserted
among the Flowers of English Poetry: graceful, elegant, and most
deeply affecting, even to tears.”—Blackwood's Mag., 1822.
··
6.
The Poem certainly discovers very clearly the powers of natural,
unaffected genius."-Lon. Monthly Review.
"We are here called away from our abstruser studies by these
productions of a genuine child of nature. In Bloomfield's first
poem. The Farmer's Boy, we saw and commended the evidence of
an original genius, well deserving of encouragement and cultiva-
tion. With The Farmer's Boy we were highly pleased, because it
showed, in the most striking manner, the natural movements of
an ingenuous mind; but we hesitate not to declare ourselves still
more satisfied with the present volume." [Rural Tales, Ballads,
and Songs.]-British Critic.
The Anti-Jacobin and Critical Review also highly com-
mend the Rural Tales, &c.:
"We now hail, with increased satisfaction, the more matured
flights of his well-fostered imagination.”—Anti-Jacobin.
We hope and believe that the success of this volume will equal
that of The Farmer's Boy: as we are sure that its merits are not
inferior."-Critical Review.
As we commenced the quotation of opinions by a poeti-
cal sneer of Lord Byron's, we shall conclude with some
stanzas which are much more creditable to their author:
C
favoured the public with several very valuable works:
Recensio synoptica annotationis sacræ; being a critical
digest and synoptical arrangement of the most important
annotations on the New Testament, exegetical, philo-
logical, and doctrinal, from the best commentators, S vols.
Svo, Lon., 1826.
"The leading feature of this work is the incorporation of the
whole of the exegetical and philological Annotations of Wetstein,
with a great quantity of biblical erudition, extracted from other
valuable sources. It would be impossible to convey to our readers
an adequate idea of the mass of information which the learned
author has brought to bear upon the numerous passages which he
has undertaken to illustrate; and we can safely say, that in the
portion of the New Testament which this part of the work em-
braces-the Four Gospels-the inquirer will find very few, of
which Mr. Bloomfield has not given a complete and satisfactory
exposition."-Quarterly Theological Rev., Sept. 1826.
There is scarcely a single passage which is not elucidated.
Altogether this is one of the most important works in sacred lite-
rature which has ever been offered to the attention of the Bible
student."-IlORNE.
Epitome Evangelica, 18mo. The following work is indeed
invaluable. Greek-and-English Lexicon of the New
Testament, by E. Robinson, D.D., Professor of Biblical
Literature in the Theological Seminary, New York; edited,
with careful revision, corrections, and occasional additions,
and a Preface by S. T. B., 1 vol. 8vo.
"We consider it the best lexicon of the Greek Testament that
is extant. Dr. Bloomfield has proved himself an indefatigable
scholar, and his edition deserves unbounded success.”—Church
of Eng. Quarterly Review.
66
'It must prove of great value and advantage to every Clerical
student who is wise enough to procure it."-Brit. Critic and Quar-
terly Theological Review.
Greek and Eng. Lexicon to the N. Test.; 2d edit. greatly
enlarged and considerably improved.
"In preparing this new edition for the press, besides availing
himself of every critical aid to which he could obtain access, Dr.
Bloomfield has completely re-cast-we might perhaps say, almost
re-written the work. At least one-sixth of new matter has been
added. The etymological department of the work has been much
improved. In the more important words of the New Testament,
instead of bare references, which he had before given, the words
themselves are now added, insomuch that the work in its present
state may, in most cases, serve as a concordance to the Greek Tes-
tament. Great additional pains have been bestowed in collecting
from the Septuagint, and from the learned Jewish-Greek writers,
Philo and Josephus, whatever is most adapted to illustrate the pe
culiar idioms of the New Testament. We regard this as a capital
improvement. The typographical arrangement of the pages is also
greatly improved. Altogether, this is confessedly the most useful,
as it is the cheapest, Lexicon to the Greek Testament extant in our
language."-Church of England Quarterly Review.
Lexilogus Scholasticus, 18mo. Trans. of Thucydides, 3
vols. 8vo, 1829.
"By far the best translation of Thucydides. The Notes are a
treasury of Erudition.”—Classical Journal.
"In the Notes by this Translator, numerous interesting points
of Classical Antiquities are ably discussed, and many thousands of
invaluable illustrations of the obscure passages of the Author are
adduced from the best Greek writers of every age. As to the Ver-
sion, considering the all but insuperable difficulties with which the
Translator has had to contend, in a writer said by some great scho-
lars to be untranslatable, we can with truth say that he has executed
his task with fidelity, taste, and judgment. Upon the whole, we
can pronounce the work to be quite indispensable to all who would
hope to understand the text of the greatest of historians, but most
obscure of writers."-Lon. Gentleman's Magazine.
"A version as literal and as perspicuous as erudition and indus-
try combined can render it.”—Eclectic Review.
The Greek Testament, with English Notes, Critical, Phi-
lological, and Explanatory, &c., 2 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1832;
2d ed., 1836; 3d, 1839; 4th, 1841. The 2d ed. was enlarged
from the 1st, and the 3d upon the 2d; the 4th is almost
exactly the same as the 3d; 9th ed., 1855, 2 vols. 8vo.
(C
of preceding editors, this third edition of the Greek Testament, by
Upon the whole, without depreciating the merit of the labours
Dr. Bloomfield. may justly be regarded as the most valuable for
biblical students that has yet been issued from the press in this
country."-Horne's Introduc.; which see for copious notices of Dr.
B.'s labours.
"Invaluable to all those whose profession requires, or whose lei
sure admits of. a critical study of the sacred writings. Dr. B. has
deserved well both of the Church and of the Christian world, and
has fairly earned the highest remuneration which the dispensers
of ecclesiastical patronage have to bestow."-Eclectic Reniew.
College and School Greek Testament, with English
Notes, 12mo.
"This edition of the Greek Testament supplies a desideratum in
scholastic literature. The notes (which are strictly grammatical,
scholastic, and elementary) furnish to the juvenile student every
requisite aid for the correct interpretation of the New Testament.
The volume is as cheap as it is beautifully and accurately printed."
-Christian Remembrancer.
"It is not quaint and local terms
Besprinkled o'er thy rustic lay,
Though well such dialect confirms
Its power unletter'd minds to sway;
But 'tis not these that most display
Thy sweetest charms, thy gentlest thrall;-
Words, phrases, fashions pass away,
"It certainly, as a manual, has great advantage over the Testa-
But Truth and Nature live through all.”
ments of Hardy and Valpy."-Church of Eng. Quarterly Review.
Tribute to the Memory of Robert Bloomfield, by Bernard Barlon.
"Dr. Bloomfield's New Testament for the use of Schools, Lecture-
Bloomfield, S. T., of Sidney College, Cambridge, apparatus being in general constructed with great labour for the
rooms. Colleges, &c., is an invaluable work: the notes and critical
D.D., Vicar of Bisbrook. This distinguished scholar has
present edition.
{
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"It is impossible to say how far the public are indebted to Dr.
Bloomfield for these labours of his industrious pen; they will carry
down his name with the highest honour to posterity."-Ecangeliling
cal Mag., Nov. 1.
Bloomfield, William. Bloomfield's Blossoms, or the
Camp of Philosophy. Vide Ashmole, Theat. Chem., p. 305.
Blore, Edward. Monumental Remains of noble and
eminent Persons, 6 parts, r. 4to, pub. at £6; India proofs,
£9, Lon., 1826.
Contents.-Queen Eleanor; Baron Fitzalan; Earl of Pembroke;
Sir J. Douglas; Gervase Alard, Admiral of the Cinque Ports: Queen
Philippa; Earl of Warwick; Edward Prince of Wales; King Ed-
ward III.; T. IIatfield, Bishop of Durham; William of Wykham;
John Gower (the Port); King Henry IV. and his Queen; Earl of
Arundel; Earl of Westmoreland; Earl of Douglas; Duke of Somer-
801; Duke of Gloucester; Sir John Spencer; Archbishops Warham
set;
and Peckham; Countess of Salisbury; and Sir Anthony Browne.
"This interesting production is among the number now publish-
ing, which do credit to the taste and judgment of the country by
their object, and to the Arts by their style and execution.”—Lon.
Literary Gazelle.
"A beautiful, and, indeed, captivating performance. The en-
gravings, in the line manner, are from the faithful pencil, and in
part from the burin, of Mr. Blore; and more brilliant, or rather
characteristic, performances have never yet been witnessed. The
proof impressions, on India paper, have a fascinating effect; but
the critical antiquary will be equally well pleased with the ordi-
nary copies."-Dibdin's Library Companím.
Blore, Thomas. History and Antiquities of the
County of Rutland, vol. i. part 2; all pub., containing the
East Hundred and Casterton Parva, fol., Stamford, 1811.
"This work merits great praise, and deservedly ranks very high
among such publications."-LOWNDES.
Statement of Corresp. with Sir R. Philips, 1807, 8vo.
History of the Manor and Manor House of South Winfield,
in Derbyshire, Lon., 1793, 4to. No. iii. of the Miscell. An-
tiquities in continuation of the Bibl. Topogr. Brit., Lon.,
1793, 4to. Account of the Public Schools, Hospitals, and
other Charitable Foundations, in the Borough of Stamford,
1813, Svo.
Blount, Charles, 1654-1693, son of Sir Henry Blount,
and descended from Sir Thomas Pope, founder of Trinity
College, Oxford, was born at his grandfather's residence at
Upper Holloway, Middlesex. Anima Mundi, Lon., 1679,
Svo. The tendency of this piece is deistical. The Two
Books of Philostratus, of the Life of Apollonius Tyanæus,
from the Greek, Lon., 1680, fol. Trans. into French, Ber-
lin, 1775, 4 vols. 8vo.
"This piece was published with the design to invalidate the tes-
timony of the Evangelists concerning the Miracles, &c. A few
copies only were dispersed before the work was suppressed."-DR.
A. CLARKE.
"His life is related in so fabulous a manner by his disciples that
we are at a loss to discover whether he was a sage, an impostor, or
a fanatic."-GIBBON.
Great is Diana of the Ephesians, Lon., 1680, Svo. Also
of a deistical tendency. Janus Scientiarum, Lon., 1684,
Svo. William and Mary Conquerors, 1693, 4to. A curious
pamphlet, well meant, but not relished by Parliament, who
ordered it to be burnt. Mr. Blount was married at 18; on
the death of his wife he offered marriage to her sister, which
was declined from conscientious scruples. Having no reli-
gious principle to enable him to bear disappointment, this
foolish man shot himself through the head in 1693. After
his death Mr. Gildon, also a disciple of infidelity, pub.
many of Blount's letters in a work called The Oracles of
Reason. (Oracles of Folly would have been the proper
title.) These precious relics of credulity-for nothing is
so credulous as infidelity-were afterwards pub., together
with some of the author's pieces, in 1690, Svo, under the
title of The Miscellaneous Works of Charles Blount, Esq.
Gildon justified his friend in blowing out his brains, and
promised that he would blow his own out, at some future
convenient time; but whether a "return of non est inventus"
rendered this impossible, or some other good reason pre-
vented, we are not told. Certain it is that he condescended
to live till his time ran out. Dr. Nichols took Blount to
task in his Conference with a Theist; see also Leland's
Deistical Writers; Mosheim's History; and Bishop Van
Mildert's Boyle's Lectures.
entered a gentleman commoner in Trinity College, Oxford,
founded by his ancestor, Sir Thomas Pope. After travel-
for nearly two years, he pub. in 1636, Lon., 4to, A
Voyage into the Levant, being a brief relation of a Journey
lately performed from England by the Way of Venice, into
Dalmatia, Sclavonia, Bosnia, Hungary, Macedonia, Thes-
with particular observations concerning the modern condi-
saly, Thrace, Rhodes, and Egypt, and to Grand Cairo;
tion of the Turks, and other people under that Empire.
This work was so popular that several editions were speedily
disposed of, and it was trans, into French and Dutch; 2d
edit., Lon., 1637, 4to; 3d edit., 1638, 4to; again pub. in
1650 and 1669, 12mo; 8th edit. also 12mo. See Osborne's
Voyages, vol. i. p. 511, 1745; also Pinkerton's Voyages and
Travels, 1808-13.
Blount, Sir Henry, 1602-1682, father of Charles and
Sir Thomas Pope Blount, was of the ancient family of the
Blounts of Sodington, in Worcestershire. In 1616 he was
"Blount's Travels to the Levant is a very short account of a
journey through Dalmatia, &c.; the whole very concise, and with-
out any curious observations, or any notable descriptions. His
account of the religions and customs of those people is only a brief
collection of some other travellers; the language mean, and not all
of it to be relied on, if we credit others who have writ better."
Introduc. to Churchill's Collec. of Voyages and Travels.
"The Voyage into the Levant is the voyage of a Skeptic; it has
more of the philosopher than the traveller, and would, probably,
never have been written but for the purpose of insinuating his
religious sentiments. Yet his reflections are so striking and origi
nal, and so artfully interwoven with the thread of his adventures,
that they enliven instead of embarrassing the narrative. He bas
the plausible art of colouring his paradox with the resemblance of
truth. So little penetration had the orthodox court of Charles the
First, that merely on the merit of this book, he was appointed one
of the band of gentleman pensioners."--Warton's Life of Sir Thomas
Pope.
Sir Henry wrote an Epistle in Praise of Tobacco and
Coffee, prefixed to a little treatise entitled Organon Salutis,
written by W. Rumsey, Esq., 1657, 59, 64, 12mo. A Satiro
entitled The Exchange Walk, pub. in 1647, was written by
Blount,
"As I have been informed by some of his relations, tho' his sons
know nothing of it."-WOOD.
However this may be, Wood certainly errs (according to
Dr. Bliss) in stating that Sir Henry pub. John Lillie's Six
Comedies, Lon., 1632, Svo.
"They were published by Edward Blount, the bookseller. one of
the proprietors of the first edition of the plays of Shakspeare."
Though Dr. Bliss made this correction in 1813. the error
has been handed down in our latest works. But such im-
perfection must be, and doubtless we have our full share.
In the Oracles of Reason, (see BLOUNT, CHARLES,) will be
found a Latin fragment by Sir Henry, which shows that
the skeptical opinions of Charles Blount were certainly not
likely to be rectified by the unsound sentiments of his
father. Of solid judgment there would seem to have been
a sad deficiency in both.
Blount, J., Surgeon. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1792.
Blount, John, in Latin, Blondus, a divine of the
13th century, was educated at the Universities of Oxford
and Paris. He has the credit of being the first that lec-
tured on Aristotle, both in Paris and Oxford. Wood's
Annals. He was Prebendary and Chancellor in the Church
of York, and in 1232 was elected Archbishop of Canter-
bury, by the chapter. The pope, however, declared the
election void; the secret objection Bale considers to have
been that Blount
"Was more learned than that court wished an archbishop to be."
As an author Blount was very famous. It is doubtful if
any of his works are extant. Bale mentions Summarium
Sacræ Facultatus, lib. i., Disceptationes aliquot, lib. i.,
and several Commentaries on the Scriptures.—Leland;
Bale; Pits; Wood's Annals, by Gutch, &c.
"He was celebrated by his contemporaries for the elegance of his
style, and for the extensiveness of his learning. John Ross speaks
of him as a prodigy of erudition."
in Worcestershire, entered himself of the Middle Temple,
Blount, Thomas, 1618-1679, a native of Bardesley
and was admitted to the Bar.
"Of a noble and antient family of his name, but never advan-
taged in learning by the help of an university, [he was a R. Catho
lic.] only his own and industry, together with the helps of his scho-
lastical acquaintance."-WOOD.
His publications were numerous. The Art of making
Devises, trans. from Henry Estienne. Lon., 1646, 4to; again
enlarged, 1650, 4to. Academie of Eloquence, 1654, 12mo.
Glossographia, Lon., 1656, 70, 71, 79, 91, Svo; en-,
Blount, Edward. Historie of the Vniting of the
Kingdom of Portugall to the Crowne of Castill, &c., trans.
from Jerome Conestagio, Lon., 1600, 4to. The Hospitall
of incurable Fooles, trans. from the Italian of Th. Garzoni,
Lon., 1600, 4to. 5th and 7th edits. of Earle's Micro-Cos-larged by W. Nelson, 1717, fol. This is a dictionary of
mography, Lon., 1629, 1638; both 16mo. Ars Aulica, the
Courtier's Art, Lon., 1607, 12mo. Horæ Subsecivæ. Ob-
servations and Discourses, Lon., 1626, 8vo. Christian
Policy.
obscure legal terms. He presented Anthony Wood with
a copy of it:
“Receiv'd from Tho. Blount, of the Inner Temple, Esq., a book
of his writing, &c. This book he gave A. W. because he had,
in his great reading, collected some old words for his use, which
were remitted therein. Afterwards sending to him more, they were
remitted into the second edition of that book.”—Athen. Oron; Life.
This 2d edit. was pub. 1670. The Lamps of the Law
14
2119
BLO
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!
|
and the Lights of the Gospel, Lon., 1658, 8vo. A Pedi-
gree of the Blounts, printed in Peachman's Complete Gen-
tleman, 1661. Boscobel, or the Compleat History of his
Sacred Majesties most Miraculous Preservation after the
Battle of Worcester, 3d Sep., 1651, in two parts; 1st part,
Lon., 1660, 12mo. Collection of the Statutes concerning
Bankrupts, with the Resolutions of the Judges upon the
same, Lon., 1670, Svo. In 1673 he pub. a criticism upon
Phillips's New World of Words, and in 1672 Animadver-
sions upon Baker's Chronicle. A Cat. of the Catholics
who lost their lives in the King's Cause, during the Civil
War. Fragmenta Antiquitatis, &c., Lon., 1679, 1784, Svo;
new ed. by Beckwith, 1815, 4to. A work of great popu-
larity. Boscobel, the Second Part, with the addition of
the Claustrum Regale reseratum, or the King's conceal-
inent at Trent, in Somersetshire, pub. by Mrs. Aune Wind-
ham of Trent, Lon., 1681. This work was formerly much
sought after by the curious. See a valuable notice of Bos-
cobel in the Retrospective Review, vol. xiv. 47-68.
"The two tracts entitled Boscobel, with all the plates, are among
the most scarce and high-priced historical pamphlets of the 17th
entury."-Retros. Review.
Blount also pub. A Catholic Almanac, 1661, '62, 63, and
An Animadversion on Booker's Almanac.
"He was a man of general knowledge, and an industrious and
useful writer."
Blount, Sir Thomas Pope, 1649-1697, eldest son
of Sir Henry, and brother of Charles Blount, sat in Par-
liament as member for St. Alban's and Hertfordshire; he
was also for the last thirty years of his life commissioner
of accounts, to which post he was elected by the House
of Commons. He pub. in 1690, Lon., folio,
"CENSURA CELEBRIORUM AUTHORUM sive tractatus in quo varia|
virorum doctorum de clarissimis, cujusque, seculi scriptoribus
judicia traduntur. Unde facillimo negotio lector dignoscere queat,
quid in singulis quibusque istorum authorum maximē memora-
bile sit, & quonam in pretio apud eruditos semper habiti fuerint.
Omnia in studiosorum gratiam collegit & in ordinem digessit se-
cundum seriem temporis quo ipsi authores floruerunt: ie. A
CRITIQUE ON THE MOST CELEBRATED WRITERS, or a treatise in which
the various opinions of the most learned men, as to the merit of
the most famous authors in every age, are delivered, whereby the
reader may, with great ease, discern what is most memorable with
respect to each of these authors, and in what esteem they have
always been among the learned. The whole for the use of the
studious, collected and digested according to the order of time
in which the authors flourished."-Bing. Brit.; in which see the
author's admirable epistle explaining his design.
It will be observed that the plan of this work is the one
in view in the present volume, (limited to British and
American authors,) though one entertained by us long be-
fore we were acquainted with the peculiarities of Sir
Thomas's excellent compilation. It is written in Latin,
and in the foreign editions, Geneva, 1694, 4to, and 1710,
4to, the quotations from modern languages are trans. into
Latin, so as to give the whole a uniform appearance.
66
When I first began the work, it was scarcely in my thoughts
to communicate it to the learned world: for my own use I drew it
together; and now at the request of persons of distinguished
learning, give it to the Public. The rather because having ob-
served with what eagerness the Acta Eruditorum, and other books.
of the same nature, are caught up. not only by men of slender
learning, but even such as are in the first forms of learning. I
could not but hope, that even this collection of mine, such as it
is, would not displease them."-Epistle to the reader, in Biog. Brit.
Sir Thomas's list of authors is brief indeed, as it in-
cludes less than 600 names, although he begins with
"Hermes Trismegistus, who is thought to have been co-
eval with Moses, and from him I descend to our own time."
Blount omits no class nor any age; his arrangement is nearly
chronological, and leads the reader from the earliest records of
literature to his own tjine. The polite writers of modern Europe,
and the men of science, do not receive their full share of atten-
tion; but this voluine, though not, I think, much in request at
present, is a very convenient accession to any scholar's library."-
Hallam's Lit, of Europe.
"That most useful book, published by Sir Thomas Pope Blount,
entitled Censura. &c.”—DR. HARWood.
-
"The object of the Censura, &c. was to bring together the opi
nions of the learned on the most distinguished writers of all
countries from the earliest periods; and the very accomplished
and erudite compiler has accordingly produced a volume of great
research, authority, and use."-SIR EGERTON BRYDGES: Censura
Literaria, vol. i.
"It is hard to say whether the author's pains or his modesty be
more conspicuous. This we may be the rather allowed to say,
having often consulted Sir Thomas's book in order to enrich our
own."-Biog. Brit.
Sir Thomas pub. in 1693, 12mo, A Natural History, con-
taining many not common observations, extracted out of
the best modern authors.
"Sir Thomas Pope Blount's Censura, &c. is unquestionably a
learned work-the production of a rural and retired life."
“Umbraticam enim vitam et ab omni strepitu remotam sem-
per in delitiis habui,' says the author in the preface. It treats
chiefly of the most learned men, and sparingly of the English."-
Dibdin's Bibliomania.
210
"He presents the public with the fruits of his reading, as to
Natural History, without depriving those from whom he drew his
knowledge, of any part of their reputation; a conduct which few
have imitated, and which we can scarcely enough commend.”.
Diog. Brit.
f
the Ancients, Passion, and several other
Essays on Poetry, Learning, Education, Customs of
1697, 4to.
subjects, Lov.,
His Essays in point of learning, judgment, and freedom of
thought. are certainly no way inferior to those of the famous Mon-
taigne.”—Ibid.
and Censures of the most considerable Poets, whether an-
De Re Poêtica, or Remarks upon Poetry; with Characters
criticks, Lon., 1694, 4to.
cient or modern. Extracted out of the best and choicest
"It is a pity that he had not left out the whole of what relates
to the Greek and Latin, and confined himself entirely to the British
Poets."-Dibdin's Bibliomania,
The works of this excellent author are now rarely to be
found, and a republication, by one of the enterprising pub-
lishers of the day, the Bohns, Knights, Murrays, Long-
inans, et id genus omne, (we do not use the phrase in the
Horatian sense,) would be of great advantage to the Re-
public of Letters.
Blount, Walter Kircham. The Spirit of Chris-
tianity, Lon., 1686, Svo.
We intend that our list shall enrol the names of some
30,000 authors, but cannot, of course, be expected to be Bloys, Wm. Medita. on 42d Psalm, Lon., 1632, Svo.
very diffuse in treating of each one. Niceron compares
Bluett, J. C. Duelling, and the Laws of Honour
the Censura to Baillet's Jugemens des Savans, but there Examined and Condemned upon
Examined and Condemned upon Principles of Common
is the important difference that Baillet reports the opinions Sense and Revealed Truth, 2d edit., Lon., 1836, 12mo.
of others in his own words with his additions, whilst Blount See Sabine's History of Duelling. Duellists should be
transcribes them literally, which, remarks a critic, "adds ranked among the worst criminals, and punished accord-
considerably to their value." This value, at least, the pre-ingly. He who dares to boldly defy the laws of God and
sent volume will possess, whilst we shall take the liberty man, deserves the respect of none, and the contempt of ail.
which Monsieur Baillet indulges in, of occasionally stat- Bluett, Thomas. Life of Job; the Song of Solomon;
ing our own views.
the II. Priest of Boonda, Lon., 1734, Svo.
Blow, John, 1648-1708, an eminent musician, a na-
tive of Nottinghamshire. Boyce and Aldrich printed
some of his church music, but many pieces are still in MS.
When will they be collected and published? Why does
not Mr. Hullah give them to the world? Blow's secular
compositions were pub. in 1700, folio, under the title of
Amphion Anglicus, in imitation of Purcel's collection, the
Orpheus Britannicus; but are thought much inferior. Some
of his choral productions are in a very bold and grand
style, yet he is unequal and frequently unhappy in his
attempts at new harmony and composition. Dr. Burney
criticises his works, and Sir John Hawkins gives us some
information concerning his peculiarities.
Blower, Aminadab. An assumed name attached
to a work against the English Liturgy.
Blower, Elizabeth. Novels, &c., 1780, 'S2, '85.
Blower, John.
John. Funeral Sermons, 1714. Svo.
Blower, Samuel. Sermon, 1697, Svo.
chusetts. Funeral Sermon on Rev. J. Green, 1715.
Blowers, Thomas, 1677-1729, of Beverly, Massa-
Bloxam, C. L., and F. A. Abel. Hand-Book of
Chemistry, Theoretical, Practical, and Technical; with a
preface by Dr. Hoffman, Svo.
The present volume is a synopsis of the author's experience in
laboratory teaching: it gives the necessary instruction in che
mical manipulation, a concise account of general chemistry as far
as it is involved in the operations of the laboratory; and lastly,
qualitative and quantitative analysis.”—DR. HOFFMAN,
"The importance of the work is increased by the introduction
of much of the technical chemistry of the manufactory."--Lon.
Athenæum.
Blundell, Sir George. Remarks upon a Treatise
of Humane Reason, and on Mr. Warren's late Defence of
it, Lon., 1683, Svo.
Blundell, H. Account of his Collection of Statues,
Busts, &c., at Ince, (near Liverpool,) 4to, privately printed,
Liverp., 1803, 4to.
"Of this volume a very limited number was printed by Mr.
Blundell, who afterwards used every means to suppress the pub
lication."-MS. Note. See II. G. Bohn's Cat. for 1841.
Blundell, James, M.D. Principles and Practice of
Obstetric Medicine; new edit., with additions and notes by
Dr. Rogers and Alex. Lee, Lon., 1846, Svo, pp. 1172.
“This new and greatly-enlarged edition of Dr. Blundell's excol
BLU
BOA
lent work should be called a Cyclopedia of Practical Midwifery, the
additions are so extensive and judicious."-Med. Goz.
Dr. B. has also pub. Medicina Mechanica, and several
other profess. works.
Blundell, T. Sermons on Various Subjects, 1806.
Blundeville, Thomas, an English mathematician,
pub. several works, Lon., 1561-1606, &c. Three Treatises,
Lon., 1561, 4to. Treatise declaring howe many Councel,
&c., a Prince ought to have, Lon., 1570, 8vo. Methode
of Wryting and reading of Hystories, &c. 1574, 16mo.
The Four chiefest Offices belonging to Horsemanship, &c.,
1580, 4to. Briefe Description of Vniversal Mappes and
Cards, &c., 1589, 4to. Exercises containing sixe Trea-
tises, 1594, 4to. This book was popular, and many edi-
tions were pub. Art of Logike, 1599, 4to.
Art of Logike, 1599, 4to. Art of Ryding
and Breaking Great Horses, Svo. Theoriques of the Pla-
nets, 1602, 4to.
Blunt, Charles. Mechanical Drawing, 2 vols. r.
4to, 1810.
Blunt, Charles F. Lecture on Astronomy. Beauty
of the Heavens; a Pictorial Display of the Astronomical
Phenomena of the Universe; with a Series of Familiar
Lectures on Astronomy, expressly adapted for Family In-
struction and Entertainment, 4to, with 104 coloured plates.
6. A more acceptable present could not be devised for the young."
-Lim. Art Union.
Blunt, Edmund, son of Edmund M., b. Nov. 13,
1799, Newburyport, Mass., an hydrographer of great skill
and utility. From 1816 to the present date (1858) he has been
engaged in making charts and prosecuting surveys in Gua-
temala, West Indies, and the sea-coasts of the U. States.
Blunt, Edmund M., b. June 20, 1770, Portsmouth,
N.H., resident of N. Y., and father of Joseph, Edmund, George
W., and Nathaniel B. Blunt. Amer. Coast Pilot, and many
other nautical works of great merit. The Coast Pilot was
first pub. in 1796, at Newburyport, Mass.; 18th ed., large
Svo, N.Y., 1858. This work sustains a high reputation for
accuracy, and is in general use by the American merchant-
marine. It has been translated into most of the languages
of Europe.
Blunt, George W., son of Edmund M., b. March
11, 1802, in Newburyport, Mass., one of the editors of the
Coast Pilot since 1826; also editor of other nautical works.
Blunt, Henry, d. 1843, Rector of Streathan, Surrey,
and Chaplain to the Duke of Richmond. For some years
For some years
Mr. B. was incumbent of Trinity Church in Sloane street,
called Upper Chelsea. In 1835 the Duke of Bedford pre-
sented him to the Rectory of Streathan. Mr. Blunt's
publications are highly popular. Two Sermons on the Sa-
crament, 1825. Sermon on the Funeral of Gen. Sir Henry
Calvert, 1826. 8 Lectures upon the History of Jacob, 1828.
9 Lectures upon the History of St. Peter, 1829. National
Mercies a Motive for National Reformation, 1830. 12 Lec-
tures upon the History of Abraham, 1831. A Sermon
upon the Lord's Day, 1832. 12 Lectures upon the History |
of St. Paul, Part 1, 1832. History of St. Paul, Part 2,
1833. Two Discourses upon the Trial of the Spirits, 1833.
Lectures upon the History of Christ, 1834. An Ordination
Sermon, 1834. Discourses upon some of the Doctrinal
Articles of the Church of England, 2d edit.. 1835, 12mo.
Practical Exposition of the Epistles to the Seven Churches
of Asia: 3d edit., 1838, 12mo. A Family Exposition of
the Pentateuch, 3 vols., 1844, 12mo. Lectures on the His-
tory of Elisha, 5th edit., 1846, 12mo. Sermons preached
at Trinity Church, 5th edit., 1843, 12mo. Posthumous
Sermons and Pastoral Letters, 2d edit., 3 vols., 1844, 45,
'47, 12mo. Some of Mr. B.'s works have gone through
40 editions in England, and have been extensively circu-
lated in the United States.
"The most popular religious books of the age in style and matter."
"It has been suggested that Mr. Blunt's Commentary on the
Old Testament should be read as a companion to that of Bishop
Sumner on the New."
Devoid of all pretension in his style of composition, and of all
studied elaboration in his train of thought, our author is one of
the clearest and most effective writers of his day. Simplicity and
perspicuity are the main charms of his publications, and of his
pulpit discourses; and combined as those qualities are with
sprightliness of thought, with occasional sallies of imagination,
and with a rich vein of appropriate illustration, they constitute
him at once an instructive preacher and an acceptable writer. . .
Would that all ministers, in and out of the Church of England,
were such in zeal, talent, and devotedness.”—Lon. Evang. Mag.
"His death was in harmony with his life. Ilis intellect clear;
Ilis intellect clear;
his faith unclouded; his spirit humble, affectionate, thankful,
heerful, happy; his interest in the church and in the cause of
his Saviour undecaying."-London Record.
known of which is Undesigned Coincidences in the Writinge
both of the Old and New Testament an argument of their
veracity. This includes a republication of: 1. The Veracity
of the Books of Moses; 2. The Veracity of the Historical
Scriptures of the Old Testament, (Hulsean Lectures ;) 3.
The Veracity of the Gospels and Acts. The whole, revised
and enlarged, appeared as a 2d ed. in 1847, and the 5th ed.
was pub. in 1856.
"A work of great value, and one which must attract the atten-
tion of every student of the Scriptures. The novelty of the investi
gation, the success with which it is prosecuted, and the confirmation
it elicits, will impress the mind of any one who will give it au exa-
mination."-Lin. Chris. Obs.
"Mr. Blunt has signalized himself as a very successful disciple
of Dr. Paley in the management of that species of Christian evi-
dence which arises from the discovery of undesigned coincidences
of revealed truth."-LowNDES.
Principles for the Proper Understanding of the Mosaic
Writings, 1833, Svo: highly commended. History of the
Christian Church in the First Three Centuries; 2d ed., 8vo,
1857. On the Right Use of the Early Fathers, Svo, 1857.
Duties of the Parish Priest; 2d ed., 1857. Plain Serms.,
P. Svo, 1856. Serms. at Cambridge, 1836, 8vo; 1845, 47,
Svo; 1849, Svo; 1851, Svo. Vestiges of Ancient Manners
in Italy and Sicily, Svo.
Blunt, Joseph, b. Feb. 1792, at Newburyport, Mass.,
lawyer of N. York, son of Edmund M. Blunt. Historical
Sketch of the Formation of the American Confederacy, N.
York, 1825, Svo. Speeches, Reviews, and Reports, 1843,
Svo. Merchants' and Shipmaster's Assistant, N.York, Svo.
Amer. Annual Register, 1827-35, N.York, S vols. 8vo. Mr.
B. was the editor of this work, and wrote many parts of it.
Blunt, Leonard, author of a poem. The curious may
consult Steevens's Sale Catalogue, No. 1047.
Blunt, Nathaniel Bowditch, 1804-1854, son of
Edmund M. Blunt, was a distinguished lawyer of N.York,
author of numerous addresses, &c. Eulogy on the Death
of Henry Clay, delivered at the request of the corporate
authorities of the City of N. York. A masterly production.
Blunt, Walter. Dissenting Baptisms and Church
Burials. Strictures upon the decision of the late Sir
John Nicholl; with an attempt at an investigation of the
judgment of the Church of England upon the subject,
Exeter, 1840, Svo. Ecclesiastical Restoration and Reform;
No. 1. Considerations and practical Suggestions on Church-
rates, &c., Lon., 1847, Svo.
Bluteau, Dom Raphael, 1638-1734, a Theating,
born in London of French parents, became very celebrated
for his proficiency in sacred and profane learning. His
works are, 1. A Vocabulary or Dictionary, Portuguese
and Latin; Coimbra, 1712-28, 10 vols. fol., including a
supplement in 2 vols. From this work Moraes de Silva
compiled a Portuguese Dictionary, Lisbon, 1789, 2 vols.
4to. 2. Oraculum utriusque Testamenti musæum Blutea-
vinum. 3. A List of all Dictionaries, Castilian, Italian,
French, and Latin, with the dates. &c., Lisbon, 1728, and
printed in the supplement to his Dictionary. 4. Sermons
and Panegyrics under the title of Primicias Evangelicas,
1685, 4to. He died at Lisbon in the 95th year of his age.
"On the 28th of February his éloge was pronounced in the aca-
demy, and two learned doctors gravely discussed the question-
in his death."-Bing. Univ.
Whether England was most honoured in his birth, or Portugal
Blydenburgh, J. W. A Treatise on the law of Usu-
ry, &c., New York, 1844, Svo.
..
This is a valuable work, embodying the English and American
decisions, and contains appropriate practical forms of procedure."
Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Blyth, Robert. 1. A Speech; 2. Sermon, 1795, 4to.
Blyth, S.
Funeral Serm. on Mr. Bourn, 1754, Svo.
Blythe, Walker. See BLITH.
Boaden, James, b. 1762. a native of Whitehaven,
pub. a number of Plays, &c. His best-known productions
are, A Letter to George Steevens, Esq.. containing a Criti
cal Examination of the Papers of Shakspeare pub. by Mr.
S. Ireland, [see IRELAND, S., and W. H.,] Lon., 1796,
Svo. Inquiry into the Authenticity of various Pictures
and Prints, which from the Decease of the Poet to our
own times have been offered to the Public as Portraits of
Shakspeare, Lon., 1824, 8vo. Memoirs of the Life of Joan
Philip Kemble, Esq., 2 vols. Svo.
Mr. Boaden appears to have been the companion of Kemble,
and, what is more, he was worthy of his friendship. Of that
friendship he has constructed an imperishable record, honourablə
alike to his talents as a scholar and to his feelings as a man.”——
Lon. Gentleman's Mag.
The Life of Mrs. Jordan, 2 vols. 8vo.
Boag, William. Fevers and Dysentery of Hot Cli-
mates. Med. Facts, 1793.
Boak, John. Letter to T. Bere, 1801, 12mo. Eluci-
·
Blunt,J. Obstetric Family Instructor, Lon., 1793,12mo.
Blunt, John. Practical Farriery, Lon., 1773, 12mo.
Blunt, John James, 1794-1855, Margaret Prof. of Di-
vinity at Cambridge. Theol. and other publications; the best-dation of Characters, 1802, 8vo.
211
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Boardman, Henry A., D.D., was b. 1808, at Troy,
in New York, graduated at Yale College in 1829. He
has been since 1833 pastor of the Tenth Presbyterian
Church in Philadelphia. In 1853 the General Assembly
elected him to fill the Chair of Pastoral Theology and
Church Government, Composition and Delivery of Ser-
mons, in the Theological Seminary at Princeton, New
Jersey, but he declined the honour, preferring to remain
with a congregation and community to which he is greatly
endeared by his many excellent qualities as a Christian
and a gentleman. Dr. Boardman's publications have beeu
numerous. We notice some of the principal: The Scrip-
ture Doctrine of Original Sin, pp. 120, 1839.
Bishop Doane on the Oxford Tracts, pp. 100, 1841. The
Prelatical Doctrine of the Apostolical Succession examined,
pp. 350. 12mo, 1844. The Importance of Religion to the
Legal Profession, 1849. The Bible in the Family, pp. 300,
12mo, 1851. The Bible in the Counting-House: a Course
of Lectures to Merchants, pp. 100, 12mo, 1853.
Letters to
“Dr. Boardman's style reflects his own mental vigour, clearness,
vivacity, industry, finish, and taste. It abounds in apt illustra-
tions, puts abstract principles in concrete living forms, is relieved
by salient points and sparkling jets; it often rings with the notes
of a genuine eloquence, and is euriched with copious and apposite
facts, apparently noted for the purpose in the course of an
sive reading."-Princeton Review.
"The style of these lectures is altogether admirable and per-
fectly adapted to their subject; it is free and familiar, without
condescending to commonplace or flippancy, and is often impres-
sive and eloquent without being suggestive of the pulpit.”—Put-
num's Monthly Mag.
"Eminently judicions and practical, and forms a worthy snpple
ment to the great work of Dr. Chalmers on the same subject.'
A Discourse on the Low Value set upon Human Life in
the United States, 1853.
""
"A seasonable, able, and discriminating discourse."-Presbyte-
rian Magazine.
Bodenham's compilations are very rarely to be met with.
England's Helicon, 1600, 4to. This is a collection of Eng-
lish poetry of an amatory character. It will be found re-
exten-printed entire in the British Bibliography, vol. iii.
120
copies were printed separately at £2 29. Bel-vedère, or tho
Garden of the Muses, Lon., 1600, Svo; reprinted, 1610,
Svo, with the omission of the word "Bel-vedère." Priced
Discourse on the American Union. Eulogium on Daniel
Webster. A Pastor's Counsels, pp. 100. The Great Ques-
tion, pp. 230, 12mo: many editions. The Christian Ministry
not a Priesthood.
Boardman, J. Analysis of Penmanship, 1809, 4to.
Boardman, James. Trans. of Linguet's Analysis,
and Review of Voltaire's Works, Lon., 1790, Svo. A Vo-
cabulary of the English, Latin, French, Italian, Spanish,
German, and Portuguese Languages, 1811, 12mo.
This work is intended for those learners of languages who,
being suddenly called abroad, require a ready precision of current
words. Mr Boardınan rashly combines in one vocabulary both
northern and southern words. His German column should have
been omitted; it is incorrectly printed and ludicrously careless.
The performance displays a very inconsiderable knowledge of com-
parative grammar."-Lon. Monthly Review, 1812.
Boardman, Thomas. A Dictionary of the Veteri-
nary Art, Lon., 1802-03, 4to.
Boardman, William. System of Book-Keeping on
a Plan entirely new, Lon., 1812, 4to.
Boase, Henry. Letter to Lord King rel. to the
Banks, 1804, Svo. Remarks on the supposed Deprecia-
tion of our Currency, Lon., 1811, Svo.
Boase, H. S., Sec. Roy. Geol. Soc. of Cornwall.
Treatise on Primary Geology, 1834, Svo.
"An admirable work. Dr. Boase has anticipated a movement
recently communicated to geological science in this country, which
would certainly have told by its effect in a very short time. His
book involves some of the most refined discussions of which Geology
is susceptible, and we cannot but express our ardent admiration
for the talent and research which it displays."-Lon. Library Gaz.
Boate, Gerard, was a native of Holland, but we
naturalize him for his services as Physician to the State in
Ireland, and his excellent work entitled Ireland's Natural
History, pub. by Samuel Hartlib, Lon., 1652, 12mo. It
was trans. into French, Paris, 1666, 12mo, and afterwards
incorporated into a Natural History of Ireland, by several
hands, 1726, 4to; reprinted 1755, with a new Preface and
Index of Chapters, 4to.
"We have here a work excellent in its kind, as not only full of
ti uth and certainty, but written with much judgment, order, and
exact ness.”—BISHOP NICOLSox: Irish Historical Library,
6.
Although some of his accounts are imperfect, and his topo-
graphical errors numerous, it is wonderful that a stranger should
have accomplished so much, and at least run away with the ho-
nour of laying the foundation of the natural history of Ireland.”
Bobart, Jacob. Pub. vol. ii. of Morison's Oxford
History of Plants, 1699. fol. Effects of Great Frost on
Effects of Great Frost on
Trees and other Plants. Phil. Trans., 1684.
Bobbin, Tim. Miscell. Works, Manches., 1775,
12mo. The Passions. 1811, 4to. See COLLIER, John.
Bockett, J. Pride Exposed, Lon., 1710, 12mo.
Boddington, Mrs. Sketches in the Pyrenees.
Slight Reminiscences of the Rhine.
The Gossips Week.
gerated feeling will remind our readers of Rogers's Italy; and we
cannot give higher praise.”—Lon. Times.
Poems.
“A volume of very pleasing poems.
We have not room for
more than one specimen, but its elegant simplicity and unexag-
“Our authoress is a genuine painter, having feeling, force, beauty,
imagination, and colouring."-LEIGH Hunt.
Bode, Rev. J. E., M.A. Ballads from Herodotus; 28
ed., Lun., 16mo, 1858. Short Occasional Poems, 16mo, 1858.
Boden, Rev. Mr. Watt refers to WILLIAMS, REV. DR.
Boden, Joseph. Sermon, Lon., 1644, Svo.
Bodenham, John, an industrious compiler of other
men's labours, temp. Elizabeth. Politeuphia, or Wit's
Commonwealth, Lon., 1598; 18th edit., 1661. This is a
collection of extracts from the ancient moral philosophers.
An edit. amended, 1644. Pallidas Tamia, Wit's Treasury,
by F. Meres, forms a second part. Wit's Theater of the
Little World, Lon., 1598; again 1699, 16mo. This is a
compendium of historical facts, intended to suggest philo-
sophical reflections. We quote from a copy before us a
portion of the address to the reader:
"The profit that ariseth by reading these epitomized histories is
to emulate that vvhich thou likest in others, and to make right
vse of theyr examples.”
in Bib. Anglo-Poet. edit. 1600, £25; 1610, £21. Copious
accounts of this valuable work will be found in Drake's
Shakspeare and his Times, vol. i., and in Censura Litera-
ria, vol. i. Eleven poets are enumerated in the Bel-vedère
who are not to be found in England's Parnassus.
"I have set down both how, whence, and where, these flowers
had their first springing, till thus they were drawne together into
the Muses Garden; that every one may challenge his owne, each
plant his particular, and no one be injured in the justice of his
merit."-Procmium by the compiler.
"It will be seen that this compilation must have been formed
with elaborate attention, and that it must necessarily contain
many choice and sententious flores poetarum Anglicanorum." .
Censura Literaria.
Bodington, John. On Cant. iii. 11, 1662, 12mo.
Bodius, or Boyd, Andrew. Carmen Panegyricum
ad Regem Carolum in Scotiam redientem, Edin., 1633, 4to.
Bodius, Marcus Alexander. See BoYD, M. A.
Bodius, Robt. See Boyd, Robert.
Bodius, Zacharias. See BOYD, ZACH.
Bodley, James, M.D. A Critical Essay upon tho
Works of Physicians, Lon., 1741, 8vo.
Bodley, wrote Observations concerning the fortresses of
Bodley, Josias, youngest brother of Sir Thomas
Ireland and the British Colonies of Ulster, and Jocular
Description of a Journey taken by him to Lecale in Ul-
ster, in 1602. These pieces have not been printed.
Bodley, Laurence, b. about 1546, d. 1615, a younger
brother of Sir Thomas Bodley, and a benefactor to the
lege, Oxford. He wrote an elegy on the death of Bishop
Bodleian Library, was a graduate of Christ Church Col-
Jewel, which was pub. in Humphrey's Life of that prelate.
Bodley, Sir Thomas, 1544-1612, the illustrious
founder of the noble Library at Oxford which bears his
name, was a native of Dunscomb, near Crediton. His
birthday, March 2d, should ever be honoured, not only
by the sons of Oxford, but also by the disciples of letters
warmly attached to the Protestant cause, and, therefore,
and philosophy in all parts of the world. His father being
obnoxious to the favourites of Queen Mary, resided for
of Chevalier on Hebrew, Beroald on Greek, and Calvin
some years at Geneva, where Thomas attended the lectures
and Beza on Divinity. Returning to England, he was on-
tered at Magdalen College in 1559. Here in due season
he became lecturer on the Greek tongue, reader on Natural
Philosophy, and junior proctor. Leaving college, he tra
velled for nearly four years, and three years after his re-
turn was appointed Esquire of the Body to Queen Eliza-
beth. He now devoted himself to diplomacy, and resided
abroad for almost the whole period from 1585 to 1597.
cution a long-cherished plan, to found in Oxford a library
Having retired to private life, he determined to put in exe-
worthy of the reputation of that ancient seat of learning.
"from London, Feb. 23, 1597," to Dr. Ravis, Vice-Chan-
Accordingly he made a proposition to this effect in a letter
cellor of Oxon. He prefaces his noble overture with the
declaration that
"I have been always of a mind that, if God, of his goodness,
should make me able to do any thing for the benefit of posterity,
I would shew some token of affection that I have evermore borne
to the studies of good learning."
This liberal proposition was received in a better spirit
212
BOD
BOG
than has been evinced in some cases of a like nature in!
our own day by certain institutions of learning in Eng.
land and America. Bodley encouraged others to follow
his example, and the harvest was so plentiful that Sir
Thomas determined to pull down the old fabric and "build
greater." On the 19th of July, 1610, he laid the first
stone of a new edifice, which he did not live to see com-
pleted. In 1629 the third Earl of Pembroke made a valua-
ble addition to the Library, of several hundreds of valuable
Greek MSS. In 1623 Sir Kenelm Digby added to its
stores, and after this followed the precious collections of
Laud, Selden, Francis Junius, and many others. We
presume that the Bodleian Library numbers this day (1854)
not less than 250,000 volumes. Sir Thomas wrote bis Life
in 1609, which was pub. Oxon., 1647, 4to, and again by
Hearne in the Reliquiæ Bodleianæ, 1763, 8vo, including
his Letters to Dr. James, &c. Litteræ D. Tho. Bodleio,
&c., Ox., 1658, 4to.
"Out of 234 Letters. not above 2 are dated; which renders the
little historical matter in them of less value: they wholly turn on
buying and sorting books, building the library, and other matters
relating to that subject."-Cole.
Dr. Thomas James prepared a catalogue of the Library
pub. 1605, '20, '35, '36. It then contained some 20,000
articles. The reader will be pleased to see by reference
to the following testimonies, the veneration with which
the character of Sir Thomas was regarded by his contem-
poraries:
Oratio Funebris habita in Schola Theologica in Obitum
clariss. Equitis Tho. Bodley, Oxon, 1613, 4to. This ora-
tion (by Js. Wake) is reprinted in Dr. Will. Bates's Vitæ
selectorum aliquot virorum. Justa Funebria Ptolemæi
Oxoniensis, Thomæ Bodleii Equitio avrati, celebrata in
Academiâ Oxoniensi. Mensis Martii 29, 1613; Oxon.,1613,
4to. This collection of funeral verses contains contribu-
tions by Archbishop Laud, Robert Burton, author of the
Anatomy of Melancholy, Isaac Casaubon, &c.
Bodleiommena; seu Carmina et Orationes in Obitus ejus,
Oxon., 1613, 4to. For an account of Catalogues, &c. of
the Bodleian Library, see Lowndes's Bibl. Manual, and
Sims's Hand Book to the British Museum, Lon., 1854.
"Thomas Bodley, another Ptolemy, though no writer worth the
remembrance, yet hath he been the greatest promoter of learning
that hath yet appeared in our nation.”—ANTHONY WOOD.
"View this illustrious bibliomaniac, with his gentleman-like air,
and expressive countenance. superintending. with the zeal of a
Custom-house officer, the shipping, or rather barging, of his books
for the grand library which is now called by his OWN NAME! Think
upon his activity in writing to almost every distinguished charac-
ter of the realm: soliciting, urging, entreating for their support
towards his magnificent establishment: and, moreover.superintend-
Ing the erection of the building, as well as examining the timbers
with the nicety of a master-carpenter! Think of this: and when
you walk under the grave and appropriately-ornamented roof,
which tells you that you are within the precincts of the BODLEIAN
LIBRARY, pay oheisance to the portrait of the founder, and hold
converse with his gentle spirit that dwells therein.”—Dibdin's
Bibliomania.
It is an interesting fact that two of the first scholars of
their respective periods, Isaac Casaubon and Philip Bliss,
the one in 1613 and the other about 1813, acknowledge their
obligations to the noble founder of the Bodleian Library:
"As long as I remained at Oxford. I passed whole days in the
Library for books cannot be taken out, but the library is open to
all scholars for seven or eight hours every day. You might al-
ways see therefore many of these, greedily enjoying the banquet
prepared for them, which gave me no small pleasure."-Casaub.
Epist. 899, in Hallam's Lit. of Europe.
"It is surely unnecessary to repeat the praises of such a man
as Sir Thomas Bodley, a man whose name will only perish with
that of his country. The obligations which literature owes to the
exertions of this individual can only be estimated by those who
have opportunity as well as occasion to consult the inestimable
treasures he bequeathed to the place of his education. And it is
with a mingled sensation of gratitude and pride, that the Editor
of these ATHENE acknowledges the assistance he receives from the
BODLEIAN LIBRARY. an institution which he boldly asserts to be the
most useful as well as the most magnificent in the universe.”—
Athen, Oxon.. Bliss's Edit.
During the two centuries which had elapsed since Isaac
Casaubon gratefully acknowledged that literary solace
which enabled him, a wanderer in a strange land, to for-
get for a time the apostasy of his first-born and the mur-
der of his king, how many of the sons of science thirsting
for knowledge had drank deep at that fountain of learn-
ing, and pronounced benedictions on the wise master-
builder of that classic temple dedicated to intellectual
progress-THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY AT OXFOrd!
Bodrugan, Nicholas, alias Adams. Epitome of
the Title that the Kynges Majestie of Englande hath to
the Sovereigntie of Scotland. Continued upon the ancient
Writers of both Nations from the beginnynge. Dedicated
to King Edward VI., Lon., 1546, Svo. White Knight's
sale, 42 158.
Boethius, Boece, or Boeis, Hector, b. about
1470, d. about 1550? was a native of Dundee, in the shire
of Angus. After a course of study at Dundee and Aber.
deen, he continued his education at the University of Paris.
Elphinston, Bishop of Aberdeen, founded in that city about
1500, the King's College, and sent for Boethius to return
and take the post of principal, which call he obeyed. Upon
the death of the bishop, Boethius wrote his life, and the
lives of his predecessors in that See. This work is enti-
tled Vitæ Episcoporum Murthlacensium et Aberdonensium,
Paris, 1522, 4to.
Paris, 1522, 4to. The list commences with Beanus, the
first bishop, and ends with Gawin Dunbar, who was bishop
when the book was published. Boethius now undertook
to write, also in Latin, a history of Scotland, commencing
with remote antiquity, and ending with the death of James
I. The first edition was pub. at Paris, in 1526, 4to, under
the title of Scotorum Historia ab illius Gentis Origine. Of
this edit. there were but 17 books. The author continued
to enlarge and improve it until his death about 1550.(?) An-
other edit. was pub. in Paris in 1574, folio, containing 18
books, and part of a 19th, added by Boethius, and a con-
tinuation by John Ferrier, a Piedmontese, bringing down
This History was
the history to the reign of James III.
trans. by order of James V., by John Ballenden, under
which name the reader will find an account of the version
referred to. So rare are copies of the original trans. that
the Roxburghe copy sold for £65, and the Towneley copy
for £85. Sir Walter Scott edited a reprint, (200 copies.)
Edin., 1821, 2 vols. 4to. Ballenden's translations are con-
sidered to be the finest specimens of the old Scottish lan-
guage extant. Boethius has been more praised and blamed
than most authors:
"Of all Scots historians. next to Buchanan, Boethius has been
the most censured and commended by the learned men who have
mentioned him.”—MACKENZIE.
"In the first six books there are a great many particulars not to
be found in Fordun, or any other writer now extant; unless the
authors which he pretends to have seen be hereafter discovered.
he will continue to be shrewdly suspected for the contrivance of
almost as many tales as Geoffrey of Monmouth."-BP. NICOLSON,
"In the 18th book he has treated of things in so comprehensive
a manner, that no one could have done it more fully or signifi-
cantly on the same subject."-FERRIER
"His style has all the purity of Cæsar's, and is so nervous both
in the reflections and diction, that he seems to have absolutely en-
tered into the spirit of Livy, and made it his own.”
..
He was a man of an extraordinary happy genius, and of great
eloquence."-ERASMUS, an intimate friend.
"He was a great master of polite learning, well skilled in di-
vinity, philosophy, and history; but somewhat credulous, and
much addicted to the belief of legendary stories."
"He may be justly reverenced as one of the revivers of elegant
learning. The style of Boethius, though, perhaps, not always
rigorously pure, is formed with great diligence upon ancient mo-
dels, and wholly uninfected with monastic barbarity. His history
is written with elegance and vigour, but his fabulousness and cre-
dulity are justly blamed. His fabulousness, if he was the author
of fictions, is a fault for which no apology can be made: but his
credulity may be excused in an age when all men were credulous.”
-Dr. Johnson's Tour in Scotland, which see: also Mackenzie's Lives:
Biog. Brit.; Nicolson's Hist. Library; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Bogan, Zachary, 1625-1659, an English Puritan,
educated at St. Alban's Hall, and Corpus Christi College,
Oxford, wrote Additions to Rous's Archæologiæ Atticæ,
the 5th edit. of which was pub. Oxf., 1658, 4to; View of
Scriptural Threats and Punishments, Oxf., 1653, Svo;
Meditations, &c., 1653, Svo; Help to Prayer, 1650, 12mo;
and a work pub. 1658, Svo, drawing comparisons between
the writings of Homer and the Holy Scriptures.
"The design of this learned, and now rare, philological work,
is to point out the similarity of many forms of expression in Homer
to those which occur in Scripture."-ORME.
"The author states that it is not his intention to institute any
comparison between the sacred writers and their opinions and
T. H. HORNE.
Homer, but simply between their idioms and ways of speaking.”—
Bogan added Hesiodius, &c.. to show how Hesiod ex-
presses himself very nearly in the same manner as Homer.
Bogart, Alexander H., 1804-1826, an American
poet, died before he had contributed any thing of conse-
quence to the literature of the country.
Bogart, Elizabeth, a native and resident of New
York, is a daughter of the Rev. David S. Bogart of that
city. Under the signature of ESTELLE, Miss Bogart has
contributed many articles to The New York Mirror and
other periodicals. Four of her prose tales have been ho-
noured by prizes. Few pieces of American poetry deserve
higher commendation than the pathetic lines, "He comes
too late," &c.
Bogg, Edward. Geology of Lincolnshire Wolds,
Trans. Geol. Soc., 1816.
Bogue, David, 1750–1825, a Dissenting minister, edu-
cated at the University of Edinburgh, was pastor of an
213
BOH
BOK
Independent congregation at Gosport for fifty years, and
head of the academy established by Mr. Welch, a banker,
for educating young men to the ministry. An Essay on
An Essay on
the Divine Authority of the N. Testament, Lon., 1802, Svo;
several edits., and trans..into French.
"It is one of the best works for its size on the evidences of
Christianity, and as an introduction to the New Testament.
The sentiments are excellent, the language perspicuous, and the
reasoning cogent and convincing."―ORME.
·
A Catechism trans. from the French, Lon., 1807, 12mo.
A Sermon, Hendon, 1808. History of the Dissenters, from
the Revolution in 1689 to the year 1808; in conjunction
with Mr. Bennett; 1809, 3 vols. Svo; in 4 vols. 8vo, 1812.
This work was intended to form a continuation of Neal's
History of the Puritans.
"It is far superior to Neal's History both in point of execution
and general interest. The origin and progress of Dissent is a sub-
ject, however, that still waits to engage the interest of some phi-
losophical historian."-Dr. Jamieson's Cyc. R. Biog.
"In Bogue and Bennett's History there is a bias in favour of
Dissenters; it is bitter against Churchmen."—BICKERSTETH.
Discourses on the Millennium, 2 vols., 1813-16.
These discourses are not exegetical or argumentative, but en-
tirely practical and devotional.”—LOWNDES.
There are some just remarks on the work in Vint's New Illus-
tration of Prophecy."-BICKERSTETH.
"It is a judicious, pious, and seasonable work. A work for which
there is reason to believe that mankind will be the better, and
with which a good man may honourably finish the toils of author-
ship.”—Lon. Eclectic Review.
Bohn, Henry G., an enterprising London publisher
and bibliopole, of German parentage, was b. in London,
about the year 1800, and is favourably known as the editor
of Bibliotheca Parriana and the translator of some pieces
from the German. Mr. Lynes thus handsomely acknow-
ledges Mr. B.'s intelligent labours in the former capacity:
Mr. B. translated vol. iv. of Schiller's Works, (Bohn's
Library,) containing The Robbers, &c.; also, A Polyglott
of Foreign Proverbs: comprising French, Italian, German,
Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, and Danish. Compiled Hand
Book of Games. Ed. Addison's Works, 6 vols.; Lowndes's
Bibliographer's Manual, enlarged with revisions and cor-
rections, in 8 Pts., forming 4 vols., 1857-58, &c. Mr. B.
observes,
"The publication was undertaken more as a boon to his confrères
and to literary men than as an object of mercantile profit; and he
trusts it will be received as such."
But Mr. Bohn's MAGNUM OPUS is his "monster" Guinen
Catalogue, Lon., 1841, enormously thick nondescripto, Teu-
tonic shape, Tub model! But the London Literary Ga-
zette gave so graphic a description of this plethoric tome
on its first appearance, that we can do no better than quote
it in lieu of any sketch of our own:
"Mr. Bohn has outdone all former doings in the same line, and
given us a literary curiosity of remarkable character. The volume
is the squattest and the fattest we ever saw. It is an alderman
among books, and not a very tall one: and then. alderman-like,
its inside is richly stuffed with a multitude of good things. Why,
there is a list of more than 23.000 articles, and the pages reach to
1948!... This catalogue has cost him an outlay of upwards of
£2000. and it describes 300,000 volumes; a stock which could hardly
be valued at much less than a plum."
This Preface must not be concluded, without a distinct ac-
Boker, George H., b. 1824, is a native of Philadel
knowledgment of the obligations incurred to Mr. Bohn. jun., for
the great labour which he has bestowed in compiling this work,
as well as for the judgment and knowledge which he has shewn
in correcting errors occasioned by the indistinct handwriting of
DR. PARK, or the blunders of his various amanuenses.”—John
Lynes, Rectory, Elmley Lovell, 21st May, 1827; Preface to Bibliophia, the son of Charles S. Boker, Esq., President of the
Boker graduated B.A. at Nassau Hall, Princeton College,
Girard Bank of that At nineteen of
years age, Mr.
New Jersey. After travelling for some time in England
and on the Continent, Mr. B. returned to Philadelphia,
1847, when he pub. The Lesson of Life, and other Poems.
where he now resides. He first appeared as an author in
theca Parviana.
"In this were indications of a manly temper and a cultivated
mind, but it had the customary faults of youthful compositions
in occasional feebleness of epithet, indistinctness, diffusiveness,
and a certain kind of romanticism, that betrays a want of experi
ence of the world.”—R. W. GRISWOLD: Poets and Poetry of America.
"It contains many pleasing passages, yet frequently shows a
want of care and finish in the execution. A pure and elevated
tone of sentiment pervades it throughout, and it embodies enough
length. to make it a
of poetic thought, were the poem compressed to half its present
length. to make it a production of a high order of merit.”—Lile-
rary World, ii. 566.
The same excellent periodical describes another book-
seller's catalogue under notice as "a shrimp, compared with
Mr. Bohn's big fish."
Having long made Bibliography our special study, we
may be allowed to express the opinion that the Guinea Cata-
logue is an invaluable lexicon to any literary man, and ten
guineas would be a cheap price for a work calculated to save
time by its convenience for reference, and money by its
stores of information as to the literary and pecuniary value
of coveted tomes. As an eminent benefactor to the reading
public, by the republication in a cheap form of costly and
valuable works, as the projector of the Standard Library,
130 vols., Scientific Lib., Illustrated Lib., Lib. of French
Memoirs, Lib. of Extra Volumes, Classical Lib., (consisting
of translations of the Greek and Latin Classics,) Antiqua-
rian Lib., Philologico-Philosophical Lib., Historical Lib.,
Library of British Classics, Ecclesiastical Lib., Miniaturo
Lib., and Cheap Series,-numbering in all upwards of five
hundred volumes,-Mr. Bohn does not need our praise, but
he cannot refuse our gratitude.
Bohun, Edmund, d. about 1702? admitted Fellow-
cominoner of Queen's College, Cambridge, in 1663, sub-
sequently served as a Justice of the Poace. He pub. a
}
number of works, 1683-94: we notice a few. A Defence
of Sir Robert Filmer, Lon., 1684. The History of the
Desertion, [of James II.,] 1689, 8vo. The Justice of Peace's
Calling, 1684. A Geographical Dictionary, 1688, 8vo:
1691, Svo; continued by Bernard, 1693, folio. The Life
of Bishop Jewel, 1685.
of Bishop Jewel, 1685. The Great Historical, Geographi-
cal, and Poetical Dictionary, 1694, fol. Character of
Queen Elizabeth, 1693, Svo; trans. into French, Haye,
1695, Svo., He trans. Sleiden's Hist. of the Reformation,
Present State of Germany, Wheare's Method
of Reading History, 1698, 8vo, and soine other works.
Mr. S. Wilton Rix promises us a volume, to be entitled
The Diary and Autobiography of Edmund Bohun, Esq.
from a MS. in the possession of Richard Bohun, Esq.
Bohun, R. The Wind, Hurricanes, &c., Oxf., 1671, Svo
Bohun, William, of the Middle Temple. Privilegia
Londini, or the Rights, Liberties, Privileges, Laws, and
Customs of the City of London, Lon., 1702, Svo; 3d edit
with additions, 1723, Svo. Cursus Cancellariæ, &c., 1715,
Svo. Mr. B. pub. other legal treatises, &c., 1702–33.
Boileau, D. An Essay on the Study of Statistics,
containing a Syllabus for Lectures, &c., 1807, 12mo.
Lel-
ters, &c. from the French, 1809, 2 vols. 12mo. Introduc-
tion to the Study of Political Economy, or An Elementary
View of the manner in which the Wealth of Nations is
produced, increased, distributed, and consumed, 1811, Svo.
Inquiry into the various Systems of Political Economy;
favourable to the Increase of National Wealth; trans. from
their and
and the most
the French of Ganilch, 1812, Svo. Boileau edited the Me-
moirs, &c. of the Baron de Grimm et Diderot, 1813, 4vols.Svo.
Bois, Latin, Boisius. See Boys, JOHN.
Boise, James R. Exercises in Greek Prose Compo-
sition, adapted to the First Book of Xenophon's Anabasis
New York, 12mo.
We regard it as one peculiar excellence of this book, that it pre
supposes both the diligent scholar and the painstaking teacher.".
Christian Register.
-
-
Mr. Boker now turned his attention to the drama, and
in 1848 produced Calaynos, a Tragedy, which was played
with great success both in America and England.
“It is a clear and classic piece of composition, reminding one, by
its elevated purity of tone, of Talfourd's Ion, though it is marked
by much greater dramatic spirit and power than that didactic
drama.... Calaynos, without any adventitious recommendation,
unheralded by a popular name, and unaided by a popular theme,
land, and immediately placed its author in the front rank of liv
was eminently successful. not only in this country, but in Eng
ing dramatists."-ROBERT T. CONRAD.
Mr. Boker's next production was Anne Boleyn, a Tra-
gedy, [1850,]
"Which in many respects surpasses Calynos, evincing more
skill in the use of language, more force in the display of passion,
and a finer vein of poetical feeling, with the same admirable con
trast of character, and unity and directness of conduct.”—R. W.
GRISWOLD.
To this succeeded The Betrothal; Leonor de Guzman, a
which we are confined prevents any examination into the
Tragedy; and Francesca da Rimini. The limited space to
merits of these compositions. Plays and Poems, Bost.,
1856, 2 vols. 12mo.
"The glow of his images is chastened by a noble simplicity,
keeping them within the line of human sympathy and natural
expression. He has followed the masters of dramatic writing with
rare judgment. He also excels many gifted poets of his class in a
quality essential to an acted play-spirit. To the tragic ability he
unites aptitude for the easy, colloquial, and jocose dialogue, such
as must intervene in the genuine Shaksperian drama, to give re-
lief and additional effect to high omotion. His language, also,
rises often to the highest point of energy, pathos, and beauty."
H. T. TUCKERMAN: Characteristics of Literature, 2d Series.
"The age has not produced a poem more graceful than The Po-
desta's Daughter, nor scarcely one so distinguished for its simple
and genuine, but deep and thrilling. pathos. The reader who can
forbear to drop upon the page the tribute of a tear to the gentle Giulia,
Ma
214
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BOL
'Sweeter far
Than rose or lily, violet or vine,
Though they could gather all their charms in one,"
would weep for nothing. Can the literature of our land boast any
thing more purely original, more luxuriantly imaginative, than
The Ivory Curver? His Song of the Earth, also, is bold, animated,
and displays wonderful power; and I have a Collage is not sur-
passed, as a specimen of descriptive sweetness and beauty, in our own
or in any language.”—R. T. CONRAD: Graham's Mog., March, 1854.
Bolaffey, H.V. First Step to Hebrew, Lon., 1811,12mo.
Bolaine, N. Remarks on Inoculation, 1754, 8vo.
Bold, Henry, of New College, Oxford. Wit a Sport-
ing, &c., Lon., 1662, 8vo. Poems, 1664, 8vo. Latine
Songs with their English, &c., 1685, 8vo.
"He was excellent at translating the most difficult and crabbed
English into Latin verse.”—Athen, Ozon.
Bold, John, 1679-1757, a native of Leicester, was
matriculated at St. John's College, Cambridge, and, enter-
ing into holy orders, took the curacy of Stony Staunton,
Leicestershire, where he zealously laboured on a small pit-
tance for about fifty years. He wrote-1. The Sin and
Danger of Neglecting the Public Service of the Church,
1745, 8vo. 2. Religion the most Delightful Employment.
3. The Duty of Worthy Communicating.
"He had talents that might have rendered him conspicuous
anywhere, and an impressive and correct delivery. He ap
pears from the early age of 24 years to have formed his plan of
making himself a living sacrifice for the benefit of his flock."
Bold, or Bolde, Samuel, of Steeple, and Vicar of
Shapwicke, Dorsetshire, pub. a number of theological
treatises, 1687-1736. A second Examination of Dr. Com-
ber's Scholastical History of Liturgies, Lon., 1691, 4to.
Observations and Tracts of Defence of Locke's Essay, &c.,
and Reasonableness of Christianity, 1693, 12mo; 1706,
8vo. An Helpe in Devotion, 1736, 8vo.
Bolde, Thomas. Rhetoric Restrained, or Bp. Gau-
den on the Liturgy considered and clouded, 1660, 4to.
Boles, Katherine. On Ruptures, Lon., 1726, 8vo.
Bolieu. Protestants on the safe side, Lon., 16S7, 4to.
Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, Viscount, 1678-
1751, was the only son of Sir Henry St. John, of Lydiard
Tregoze, in Wiltshire, Baronet, by Mary, second daughter,
and coheiress of Robert Rich, third Earl of Warwick, of
that family. Henry was born at Battersea, in Surrey,
October 1, 1678,-though 1672 has often been erroneously
assigned as the date of his birth. He was brought up
under the eye of his grandmother, a Presbyterian, who
placed him under the tutorship of the celebrated Puritan
preacher, Daniel Burgess, who resided in the family.
Bolingbroke tells Pope, long afterwards, at the end of the
epistle to Sir W. Wyndham, that he was obliged, while yet
a boy, to read over the commentaries of Dr. Manton, whose
"Pride it was to have made an hundred and nineteen sermons
on the hundred and nineteenth Psalm."
At Eton he became acquainted with Sir Robert Walpole,
and a rivalship here commenced which continued through
life. He removed from Eton to Christ Church, Oxford,
where, as subsequently, he was distinguished for his
talents, brilliancy of conversation, fascinating manners,
and remarkable personal beauty. He left college only to
continue a course of the wildest profligacy, which caused
his parents, with the hope of his reformation, to bring
about a match between the dissolute youth and the
daughter and coheiress of Sir Henry Winchescomb. This
experiment, to reform a rake by the sacrifice of an inno-
cent female, ended as such ventures generally do. In a
short time they separated, and were never again united.
During his exile she died in England, and in 1720 Boling-
broke espoused the widowed Marchioness de Villette, à
niece of Madame Maintenon. They lived together for
thirty years, and he survived her only about a year.
In
1700 he was chosen to represent the borough of Wootton
Basset in Parliament. In 1704 he became Secretary of
War, and held this post for three years, resigning in 1707,
when Harley was dismissed from office.
In 1710, upon
the fall of the Godolphin administration, Harley came
Into power, and St. John became Secretary of State. In
1712 he was created Viscount Bolingbroke, and exhibited
great chagrin at not being raised to an earldom. His
father's congratulation on his new honours was something
of the oddest :
"Ah, Harry," said he, "I ever said you would be hanged; but
now I find you will bo beheaded !”
The accession of George I. interposed an effectual bar-
rier to the ambition of the courtier. Addison was made
foreign secretary, and the Whigs determined to impeach
Bolingbroke of high treason. Satisfied that his life was
aimed at by his enemies, he fled in disguise, March 25,
1715, to Calais. By invitation of Charles Stuart, he visited
him at Lorraine, nd accepted the post of his Secretary
F
•
}
of State, which caused his impeachment and attainder.
In 1723 he was permitted to return home, and his estates
were restored to him, but the House of Lords was still
closed against him. He now, in conjunction with Wynd-
ham and Pulteney, who were in Parliament, commenced a
fierce war against Sir Robert Walpole, which lasted for ter
years. The Craftsman, by Caleb D'Anvers, was the vehicle
larity of this paper, which commenced Dec. 5, 1725, and
of their vigorous and bitter attacks. Such was the popu
extended to 14 vols. 12mo, that 10,000 to 12,000 copies were
In 1736 he again visited
sometimes sold in one day.
France, where he resided until the death of his father, in
1742, when he retired to the family seat at Battersea for
the rest of his earthly existence, which was terminated by
a cancer in the face in 1751.
The notorious David Mallet was his lordship's literary
legatee, and in 1754 he pub. an edition of his works in 5
vols. 4to. To these 2 vols. 4to, of Correspondence, State
Papers, &c., were added by G. Parke, in 1798.
In some
of the Essays in the collected edition appeared those skep-
tical opinions which had been less boldly advanced in his
lifetime. During his life there appeared a Letter to Swift,
1715, fol.; the Representation, 1715, 4to; His Case, 1715,
8vo; Dissertations upon Parties, 1735, 4to; these Disser-
tations, together with the Letters in the Study and Use of
History of England, 1743, 8vo; Letters on the Spirit of
History, first appeared in the Craftsman; Remarks on the
Patriotism; on the Idea of a Patriot King, and on the
State of Parties at the Accession of George I., 1749, Svo.
The Idea of a Patriot King had been intrusted to Pope,
who had printed and circulated many more copies than
His story is well known, and need
the Advertisement, severely reflect-
Mallet was employed to edit the
ing upon Pope, has brought down much censure on his
lordship's memory. But a far graver offence rests upon
lation. Johnson's opinion of the author of these "wild
the name of Bolingbroke-his impious attacks upon Reve-
and pernicious ravings under the name of philosophy” is
well known:
the author intended.
edition pub. 1749, and
not now be repeated.
Sir, he was a scoundrel, and a coward: a scoundrel for charg
ing a blunderbuss against religion and morality: a coward be
cause he had not resolution to fire it off himself, but left half-a-
crown to a beggarly Scotchman. to draw the trigger after his death."
No doubt Mr. David Mallet considered the post of can-
noneer sufficient honour to counterbalance the condemna-
Dr. Johnson
tion which his editorial duties encountered.
would not honour either author or editor by perusal; for
when Mr. Burney asked him if he had seen Warburton's
book against Bolingbroke's Philosophy, he answered in
his characteristic manner:
No, sir, I have never read Bolingbroke's impiety, and, there
fore. am not interested about its confutation.”
The name of Warburton naturally suggests the inge-
nious artifice of Burke in his imitation of Lord Boling-
broke in the Vindication of Natural Society. Both War-
burton and Lord Chesterfield were among the believers in
the authenticity of this eloquent forgery. Among the
great men of his time Bolingbroke stood proudly pre-emi-
nent. Swift, slow to find or acknowledge merit in any
man, considered himself exalted in lauding St. John, and
Pope hardly stops short of paying him divine honours.
Witness the idolatrous enthusiasm of the following:
ka
I really think there is something in that great man which
peared to us a month or two ago, I had sometimes an imagination
looks as if he was placed here by mistake. When the comet ap-
that it might possibly be come to our world to carry him home;
as a coach comes to one's door for other visitors.”—Spince's Anec.
That Bolingbroke was sufficiently mortal to reciprocate
human affection we have undoubted evidence. He watched
over the form of the dying bard, and watered his pillow
with his tears. On one of these affecting occasions,
Spence tells us, he cried "over him for a considerable
time with more concern than can be expressed. O great
God! what is man?' said Lord B., looking on Mr. Pope, and
repeating it several times, interrupted with sobs. 'I have
known him these thirty years; and value myself more for
that man's love,—than'-[sinking his head, and losing his
voice in tears.]" Yet fain would this friend have excluded
from the dying pillow of the man he so loved, the last con-
solations which can minister to the soul of the departing:
¿
The priest bad scarce departed when Bolingbroke, ecming over
from Battersea, flew into a great fit of passion and indignation on
the occasion of his being called in.”—WARTON.
pher, the sophistry to which he trusted proved indeed a
But when the day of darkness fell on the proud philoso-
broken reed!
"He was overcome with terrors and excessive passion in his last
illness. After one of his fits of passion. he was overheard by Sir
Henry Mildmay complaining to himself, and saying. What will
215
BOL
BOL
the clergy, who never forgave him. He is one of our best writers,
though his attacks on all governments and all religions (neither
of which views he cared directly to own) have necessarily involved
his style in a want of perspicuity. One must know the man be
which one should not expect in the same author; much tautology
fore one can often guess his meaning. He has two other faults,
and great want of connexion."-Walpole's R. and N. Authors.
"He wrote against Sir Robert Walpole because he did not forgive
him; and because he prevented his being restored to those honourr
against him, appears from a speech which he made in the House,
which he wished to recover. That Sir Robert was implacable
and which he concluded with the following imprecation—” May
his attainder never be reversed, and may his crimes never be forgot
ten!"-Monthly Rer., xxix. 367; Parke's Walpole's R. and N. Authors.
"Lord Bolingbroke had early made himself master of men and
business and pleasure, he ran through a variety of scenes in a sur
books: but in his first career of life, being immersed at once in
prising manner. When his passions subsided by years and disap-
Pa-pointments, and when he improved his rational faculties by more
grave studies and reflection, he shone out in his retirement with
à lustre peculiar to himself, though not seen by vulgar eyes. The
gay statesman was changed into a philosopher equal to any of the
sages of antiquity. The wisdom of Socrates, the dignity and ease
of Pliny, and the wit of Horace, appeared in all his writings and
conversations."-EARL OF ORRERY: Memoirs of Dean Swift.
“The name of Bolingbroke has been rapturously lauded by Smol·
lett and Belsham, while his infidel reveries have been ably refuted
by Warburton and Leland. Lord Walpole. who knew him well,
calls him a wicked impostor and a charlatan.”—Purk's Walpole's
R. and N. Authors.
nis poor soul undergo for all these things?””—Dr. W., in Spence's
Anecdotes.
Alas, indeed, for the desolate soul which in that trying
hour must pass through the valley of the shadow of death,
without the rod and the staff of the Shepherd, the strength
of the Comforter, and the fatherly benediction of the great
Judge of all the earth! "Enter not thou, my soul, into
their secret;" unto their assembly "be not thou united!"
What a contrast does the "inevitable hour" of Bolingbroke
and that of Addison present to our consideration!
Pope had no hesitation in declaring the object of his
admiration to be the first writer, as well as the greatest
man, of his age. Many interesting records of his enthu-
siasm will be found in Spence's Anecdotes. Posterity has
not endorsed the verdict of his contemporaries. In his
Letters on the Study and Use of History, and those on
triotism and Idea of a Patriot King, and his other works,
we are charmed by grace of composition of no ordinary
character; but when we seek for evidence of solid judgment,
and the results of dispassionate ratiocination, we shall find
our labour is vain. To quote from the most masterly
analysis with which we are acquainted of the political and
literary character of Saint-John,
in
· Bolingbroke's abilities were exactly of that stamp which astonish
and fascinate those who come into personal contact with their pos-
sessor, more brilliant than solid,—more showy than substantial.
His mind was not a profound one; but what it wanted in this re-
spect was atoned for by its readiness and acuteness. He seemed
to grasp every thing by intuition, and no sooner had he made him-
self master of a proposition or an argument, than his astonishing
memory enabled him to bring forth vast stores of information and
illustration at a moment's warning. Endowed with a brilliant
Imagination, a prodigious flow of words,—a style which fascinates
the reader by the incomparable beauty of the language and the
bounding elasticity of the sentences, and an extraordinary power
of presenting his conceptions in the clearest light.-his contempo-
raries looked upon him as one of those rare beings who seem to be
endowed with a nature superior to that of common mortality, and
who stoop down to the world only to evince their mastery of all
its lore, and their superiority to its inhabitants. But, dazzled as
they were by the vast surface of the stream, they forgot to inquire
into its depth. We, in modern times, who know nothing of the
artificial splendour with which a form excelling human.'-a man-
ner that seemed given to sway mankind,—and a most dazzling
style of conversation,-invested the name of Bolingbroke, are per
haps inclined, by the exaggeration of the praise once lavished on
him, to do him but scanty justice."-Cunningham's Biog. History.
Pope himself admitted that there might be a limit even
to the genius of his "Saint-John," when he remarked
"If ever Bolingbroke trifles, it must be when he turns divine."
Mr. Warton confirms this opinion:
"When Tully attempted poetry, he became as ridiculous as Bo-
lingbroke when he attempted philosophy and divinity; we look in
vain for that genius which produced the Dissertation on Parties,
in the tedious philosophical works, of which it is no exaggerated
satire to say that the reason of them is sophistical and inconclu-
sive. the style diffuse and verbose, and the learning seemingly con-
tained in them not drawn from the originals, but picked up and
purloined from French critics and translations.”—Wurton's Life
of Pope.
6
Upon the general merits of Bolingbroke as an author,
Dr. Blair has some very judicious remarks:
"Among English writers the one who has most of this character
[vehemence] though mixed indeed, with several defects, is Lord
Bolingbroke. Bolingbroke was formed by nature to be a factions
leader; the demagogue of a popular assembly. Accordingly the
style that runs through all his political writings is that of one
declaiming with heat, rather than writing with deliberation. He
abounds in Rhetorical Figures; and pours himself forth with great
impetuosity. He is copious to a fault; places the same thought
before us in many different views, but generally with life and ar-
dour. He is bold, rather than correct; a torrent that flows strong,
but often madly. His sentences are varied as to length and short-
ness; inclining, however, most to long periods, sometimes includ-
ing parentheses, and frequently crowding and heaping a multitude
of things upon one another, as naturally happens in the warmth
of speaking. In the choice of his words, there is great felicity and
precision. In exact construction of sentences, he is much inferior
to Lord Shaftesbury, but greatly superior to him in life and ease.
Upon the whole, his merit as a writer would have been very con-
siderable, if his matter had equalled his style. But whilst we find
many things to commend in the latter, in the former, as I before
remarked, we can hardly find any thing to commend. In his rea-
sonings, for the most part, he is flimsy and false; in his political
writings, factious; in what he calls his philosophical ones, irreligious
and sophistical in the highest degree.... It is indeed my opinion
that there are few writings in the English language, which, for the
matter contained in them. can be read with less profit or fruit,
than Lord Bolingbroke's works."-Blair's Lectures on Rhetoric and
Belles Lettres; see Lectures 12, 15, 19, and 34.
"He appears to have carried into his closet the same heat and
impetuosity which animated his soul in the tumult of debate. ...
There is a fire, a spirit of vivacity in the composition of Boling-
broke, which, when accompanied, as is occasionally the case, with
perspicuity and case, must give him rank as one of the happiest
models of the vehement style."-Drake's Essays. iv. 234.
"Viscount Bolingbroke, with the most agreeable talents in the
world, and with great parts, was neither happy nor successful.
He wrote against the late king, who had forgiven him: against Sir
Robert Walpole, who did forgive him; against the Pretender and
See Life by Goldsmith in edit. 1809; Biog. Brit.; Swift's
Works: Pope's Works, by Bowles; Coxe's Walpole; Ly-
sons's Environs, vol. i.: Chesterfield's Memoirs and Letters;
Warburton's Letters to Hurd; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.;
Memoirs of Lord B., by G. W. Cooke, Lon., 1835, 2 vols. 8vo.
Warburton, who defended the memory of Pope against
the attacks of Mallet, (Bolingbroke?) felt it incumbent
upon him as a divine to take up the lance in championship
of those sacred truths which his lordship's Essays so ruth-
lessly assailed. His View of Lord Bolingbroke's Philoso-
phy, in two Letters to a Friend, 1754, '55, would have been
ill brooked by the noble author had it appeared in bis
lifetime. The many absurdities into which his lordship's
eagerness to attack the truth caused him to fall, will be
seen by reference to a book which should be in every theo-
logical library-Leland's View of Deistical Writers. With
talents so well qualified to benefit his race, it is a melan-
choly reflection that the gifted Bolingbroke lived a worse
than useless life, and that of him it could not be said,
"There was hope in his latter end!"
Bolingbroke, Henry. A Voyage to the Demerary,
Lon., 1807, 4to.
"The book of a very ingenious man."-Lom. Quarterly Review.
Bollan, William, d. 1776, agent of Massachusetts
in Great Britain, was born in England. He pub. a num-
ber of political tracts, among which were, Importance of
Cape Breton truly illustrated, Lon., 1746. Coloniæ Angli-
canæ Illustratæ, 1762. A Petition to the IIouses of Parlia-
ment, &c., as agent for Massachusetts, 1774. See Allen's
Amer. Biog. Dict.
Bolland, William, Barrister at Law. Miracles, 1798,
4to. The Epiphany, 1799, 4to. St. Paul at Athens,1799,4to.
Bollard, Richard. Observations, &c. in Churchill's
Voyages, vol. iv., p. 846, 1716.
Bolnest, Edward, M.D. Profess.works, Lon.,1665-72.
Bolron, R. Treatise against Papists, Lon., 1680, fol.
Bolton, Cornelius Winter, b. 1819 at Bath, Eng.
Grandson of the distinguished divine, the Rev. Wm. Jay.
Closet Companion, 1853. Shepherd's Call. Sunday-School
Prayer Book.
Prayer Book. Tender Grass for Little Lambs, 1854. Ed.
Jay's Female Scripture Characters. Jay's Autobiography
and Reminiscences, 1854.
Bolton, or Boulton, Edmund, an historical and
antiquarian writer of the 17th century. Life of Henry
II.; The Elements of Armories, Lon., 1610, 4to.
“Written in a very pedantic style; but many curious examples
are brought forward, and illustrated by wood-cuts spiritedly exe
cuted."
Noro Cæsar, or Monarchie Depraued, Lon., 1624, fol.
Hypercritica, or a Rule of Judgment for writing or rend-
ing our Histories, pub. by Dr. Hall at the end of Trivet's
Annals, Oxon., 1722, 8vo.
"A highly-esteemed and sensible treatise."
"A considerable person, and a very learned man."-DR. ANTHONY
HALL.
Bolton, George. A work on Fire Arms.
Bolton, George. Prac. of Crim. Courts, 1835, 12mo.
Bolton, James. Filices Britannica. Leeds & Hud.,
1785-90, 4to. A Hist. of British proper Feris, &c., 1795,
Svo. Fungusses about Halifax, Lon., 1788-9, 4 vols. 4to.
Plants of Halifax: in Watson's Hist. Paris! of Halifax,
Lon., 1775, 4to. Natural History of British Song Birds,
Lon., 1794-96, 2 vols. 4to.
216
BOL
BON
Bolton,John. Life of Chris. Cartwright, Lon.,1610,4to.
Bolton, Sir Richard. Statutes of Ireland, Dubl.,
1621, fol. Justice of Peace for Ireland, Dubl., 1683, fol.
New edit., enlarged and corrected by Michael Trovers,
1750, 4to.
Bolton, Robert, 1572–1631, an eminent Puritan di-
vine and excellent scholar, was educated at the colleges of
Lincoln and Brasenose, Oxford. A Discourse on Happi-
ness, Lon., 1611, 4to; six edits. in the author's lifetime.
Instructions relative to afflicted consciences, 1631, 4to.
Helpes to Humiliation, Oxf., 1631, 8vo. Of the Four Last
Things, Death, Judgment, Heaven, and Hell, Lon., 1633,
4to. Devout Prayers, 1638, 8vo.
"He was a painful and a constant preacher, a person of great
zeal towards God in his profession. charitable and bountiful. but
above all, a reliever of afflicted consciences, which he acquired by
that manifold experience which he had in himself and others; and
grew so famous for it, that he was sought to far and near, and di-
vers beyond the seas desired his resolution in several cases of con-
science.”—Athen. Ozon.
"Ile is excellent both for conviction and consolation. His style
is rather inclined to the bombast, yet many expressions are truly
great and magnificent."-DR. DODDRIDGE.
“The excellent Robert Bolton could to his comfort on his death-
bed profess that he never in his sermons taught any thing but
what he had first sought to work on his own heart. An awaken-
Ing and comforting writer."-BICKERSTETH.
"Ilis Four Last Things displays great beauties of imagination.”
-DR. WILLIAMS.
"Each of the above performances contains good sense. learning,
philanthropy, and religion, and each of them is calculated for
the advantage of society."
Bolton, Samuel, 1606-1654, a Puritan divine, was
educated at Cambridge. True Bounds of Christian Free-
dom, Lon., 1643, 12mo.
.6
A most excellent work, containing much doctrinal and experi-
mental truth "—LowxDES.
Bolton, Robert, 1697-1763, Dean of Carlisle, was
educated at Wadham College, Oxford. He pub. some let-
ters to a lady and to an officer against card-playing and
travelling on the Lord's Day, 1748-57, Svo. The Employ-every
ment of Time, 1750, Svo. The Ghost of Ernest, 1757, 8vo.
Letters and Tracts on the Choice of Company, &c.,1761,8vo.
A Guard of the Tree of Life, Lon., 1647, 12mo. The
Arraignment of Error, 1646, 4to; other works.
Bolton, Sarah T., a native and resident of Ohio,
has contributed to the Home Journal in New York, The
Herald of Truth in Cincinnati, and to other periodicals.
Her poetical tribute to Professor Morse is creditable alike
to the poetess and her subject.
"Thought and feeling stamp her verses with the mark of sin-
cerity and earnestness."-Woman's Record.
Bolton, Solomon. Extinct Peerage of England,
from the Conquest to 1769, Lon., 1769, Svo. This is a work
of considerable value. Geographia Antiqua delineata,
1775, 4to.
Bolton, Theoph., Archbp. of Cashel. Serm.,1721,Svo.
Bolton, William. Sermons, 1683, 4to, etc.
Bolts, William. Consid. on Indian Affairs; parts
1 and 2; 3 vols. 4to, Lon., 1772-75.
Bompass, C. C. Light, Heat, & Electricity. 1817,8vo.
Bonar, Andrew A. A Commentary on Leviticus,
expos. and prac., with erit. notes, 2d ed. Lon., 1847, 12mo.
Bonar, Archibald. Sermons, 2 vcls., 1815-17, Svo.
Bonar, Horatius. Coming of the Kingdom of the
Lord Jesus, Lon., 1849, Svo. Night of Weeping, 18mo.
Morning of Joy, 18mo. Other works. Introduc. and Notes
to Brief Thoughts concerning the Gospel.
*
The value of the work consists in the clear and scriptural light
which it throws on the Gospel plan of salvation."-Scottish Guardian.
"God has signally blessed it both for the guidance of the in-
quiring sinner and for the comfort of the troubled mind.”—North-
ern Warder.
Bonar, James. Greek Prepositions. Ed. Phil. Trans.,
1805.
Bonar, John. Obs. on the Conduct and Character
of Judas Iscariot, 1751, 8vo, (anony.)
Bond, George Phillips, A.M., son of Wm. Crauch
Bond, b. 1825, Dorchester, Mass., grad. Harvard Coll.,
1845. Mathematical Memoirs upon Mechanical Quadra-
tions; on the Method of Least Squares; the Construction
of the Rings of Saturn,-in which their fluid nature was
first established; articles upon the Nebula of Andromeda
;
Elements of the Orbits of Hyperion and the Satellite of
Neptune, and of various Comets; on Stellar Photography,
He participated in the discovery of Hyperion, the new
ring of Saturn, &c. He occupies a high position in America
and Europe as an accurate and assiduous observer.
&c.
Bond, Henry, a mathematician of London in the
17th century. A Treatise on the Longitude, Lon., 1676,
fol. Con. on the Magnetic Needle to Phil. Trans., 1668-73.
Three Discourses, 1711, 8vo.
Bond, Henry, Vicar of Cowley, Gloucestershire.
Three Discourses, 1711, 8vo. Two Sermons, 12mo.
This anonymous pamphlet displays very considerable acute
ness. and is not unworthy to be placed by the side of Lord Lyttle-
ton on the Conversion of St. Paul, and Shaw on the Advice of Ga-
maliel."-ORME
Bond, Henry, M.D., b. 1790, at Watertown, Mass.;
grad. Dartmouth Coll., 1813; settled in Phila., 1819.
Watertown Family Memorials, with Illustrations, Maps,
and Notes, Bost., 2 vols. 8vo, pp. 1100, 1856. Highly
commended by B. J. Lossing, S. G. Drake, N. Frothing-
ham, &c. Dr. B. has also contrib. many valuable papers
to the med. journals.
Bond, J., of Gray's Inn. A Complete Guide for Jus-
tices of the Peace; 3d edit., Lon., 1707, 8vo.
Bond, J. Wesley, b. at Harrisburg, Penna., 1824.
Minnesota and its Resources, N.Y., 1854, 12mo.
“Mr. Bonar was a pious and superior man.”
Bonar,John. Eccles. Constit. in Scotland, 1779,12mo.
Bonar, or Bonnar, John. Advantages of the In-
sular sit. of G. Britain: a serm. on Neh. iii. 8, 1773, 4to.
Bond, A. Life of Pliny Fisk, 1828, 12mo.
6.
A very profitable missionary work."-BICKERSTETH.
Bond, Daniel, vicar of Lye, Gloucestershire.
mons, 1729, 8vo.
Bond, Eliz., of Fortrose. Letters of a Village Go-
verness, 2 vols. 8vo, 1914.
"It contains notices of the early history of the country, of its
geographical features, its agricultural advantages, its manufactures,
commerce, facilities for travelling, the character of its inhabitants,
thing, indeed, to illustrate its resources and its prospects."
Bond, John, 1550-1612, a native of Somersetshire,
was educated at Winchester School and at New College,
Oxford. In 1573 he took the degree of B.A.; in 1579,
M.A.; and soon afterwards was appointed master of the
free-school of Taunton. Several of his scholars rose to
distinction in Church and State. Annotationes in Poemata
Quinti Horatii, Lon., 1606, Svo; Han., 1621, 8vo; Leyden,
1653, 8vo; best edit., Amst., 1686, 12mo. Many of the
notes are extracted from Lambinus. After his death, his
son-in-law, Roger Prowse, pub. a work of Bond's entitled
Auli Persi Flacci Satyræ sex, cum Posthumis Commenta-
riis Johannis Bond, 1614, Svo.
himself a devotee to Oliver's interest. On the 30th of Aug., 1658,
being then Monday, and the windiest day that had before hap
pened for 20 years. he paid his last debt to nature, being then
tormented with the strangury, and much anxiety of spirit. At
which time. as the then vulgar talk was, the devil came to take
not prepared for him. he gave Bond for his future appearance, and
away Oliv. Cromwell, who then lay on his death-bed, but being
accordingly on Friday following, being the 3d of Sept., he made
good his promise."-Athen. Oxon.
Anthony Wood's opinions of republicans and Dissenters
are, however, to be taken cum grano salis.
Bond, John. King Charles, his Welcome Home,
Lon., 1641, 4to. A Whip for the Judges, Bishops, and
An Analysis of the Moral and Religious Sentiments of Papists, &c., Lon., 1641. The Downfal of the old Com-
Lord Kames and David Hume, 1755, Svo.
mon Council-Men, Lon., 1641. The Poet's Recantation,
Lon., 1642, 4to. England's Reioycing for the Parlia-
ment's Retvrne, Lon., 1641, 4to.
"I take this John Bond to be different from the other John, [see
above.] who was a Presbyterian and afterwards an Independent."
– Athen, Oxon.
Bond, John, LL.D., d. 1676, a native of Dorchester,
and educated at Catherine Hall, Cambridge, was preacher
to the Long Parliament, minister of the Savoy, master of
Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and Professor of Law at Gre-
sham College. A Door of Hope, Lon., 1641, 4to. Holy
and Loyal Activity, Lon., 1641, 4to. Sermon preached at
Exeter, Lon., 1643, 4to, and some other discourses. Dr.
Bond does not seem to have been much of a favourite with
that stout Loyalist and strict Churchman, the never-to-be-
forgotten old Anthony Wood.
This J. Bond. by the way, you must know being scarce warm
in the pulpit, but he began to threaten heaven with some of his
divinity.... In all which sermons. as in others which he deli-
vered in London and Westminster. are contained many strange
positions, rebellious doctrines, religious cantings, and I know not
what. . . . These things I thought fit to let the reader know, that
posterity may distinguish between the said two Bonds, [see BOND,
JOHN, ante,] the first a polite and rare critic, whose labours have
advanced the commonwealth of learning very much, and the
other an impudent, canting, and blasphemous person, who, by
his doctrine. did lead people to rebellion, advanced the cause of
Satan much, and in fiue by his, and the endeavours of his bre
thren, brought all things to ruin, merely to advance their unsa-
tiable and ambitious desires. . . . His father, Dennis Bond, shewed
Bond, John, M.D. Med. Works, Lon. and Edin.,
Ser- 1751-53.
Bond, John. The Sennacherib of Modern Times,
or Bonaparte an Instrument in the hand of Providence,
1807, Svo.
217
BON
BON
Bond, R. Poems, Divine and Moral, Lon., 1769, 4to.
"The vine poems in this pamphlet are a paraphrase of the
Ie Deum, of Agur's Poem, of the 15th Psalm, and of the 100th
Psalm; an Address to the Almighty, The Happy Man, a Morning
Thought, and a Soliloquy.”—-Lon. Mimth. Rev., 1769.
Bond, Rev. Robert. Golden Maxims, N.Y., 32mo.
Bond, Thomas, M.D., 1712-1784, a native of Mary-
land, commenced the practice of medicine in Philadelphia
about 1734. He delivered the first Clinical Lectures in
the Pennsylvania Hospital. He was a member of a lite-
rary society composed of Franklin, Bartram, Godfrey,
and others, and was an officer of the American Philo-
sophical Society from its commencement. He contributed
to the London Med. Obs. and Inquiries. 1. An Account
of an Immense Worm bred in the Liver, p. 67, 1755. 2.
On the Use of Peruvian Bark in Scrofulous Cases, ii. p. 65.
Bond, Thomas E., M.D., Prof. of Special Patho-
logy, &c. Baltimore Coll. of Dental Surgery. Practical
Treatise on Dental Medicine, Phila., 1851, Svo.
Bond, William, d. 1735, a native of Suffolk, was
concerned with Aaron Hill in the authorship of The Plain-
Dealer; a periodical, collected into 2 vols. Svo. He trans.
Buchanan's History, and edited The Supernatural Philo-
sophy, or The Mysteries of Magic, [Defoe's Life of Dun-
can Campbell, with a new title-page,] 2d edit., Lon., 1728,
8vo. He also revised, altered, and produced The Tuscan
Treaty, or Tarquin's Overthrow; a Play, 1733, Svo.
Bond, William. Visitation Sermon, 1801, 4to.
Bond, William Cranch, M.A., an eminent Ame-
rican astronomer, b. 1789, Portland, Maine, Director of
Astronomical Observatory of Harvard Coll. At an early
age he learned the business of watchmaking. His atten-
tion was first attracted to astronomy by an eclipse which
occurred in 1806. He was one of the carliest American
discoverers of the comet of 1811. In 1838, he was app. by
the U.S. Navy Dept. to prosecute a series of observations
in connexion with the U.S. Exploring Exp. in command
of Capt. Wilkes; app. Astron. Observer to Univ. in 1840.
Annals of Astronomical Observatory of Harvard College:
vol. i., Pt. 1, Cambridge, 1856, 4to, pp. 191; vol. i., Pt. 2,
1855, 4to, pp. 404. This part contains his own catalogue,
-5500 stars situated between the Equator and 0° 20'
North Declination. Celestial photography was by him
first recognised as a possible art and conducted through
its earliest stages. The connection of the sidereal clock
with the galvanic circuit was first used by Mr. B. in re-
cording astronomical observations. He is a member of the
leading scientific societies of Europe and America.
Bonde, Cunelgus. Scutum Regale, Lon., 1660.
Bonde, William. De Julii Clovii clari admodum
Pictoris Operibus, (Londini,) 1733, fol. A work of great
rarity.
Bone, John. Poor's Rates, Lon., 1805, 8vo. Tran-
quillity, &c., 1806, Svo. Wants of the People, 1807, Svo.
Bone, S. V. Precedents in Conveyancing, adapted
to the Present State of the Law; illustrated with Notes by
T. G. Western, 1841, 4 vols. 8vo.
"Mr. Bone's work possesses three very commendable features,—
simplicity of design, adherence thereto, and scrupulous honesty
in acknowledgment of authorities." See Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Bones, James. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1762.
Bonham, Thomas. The Chirurgeon's Closet Fur-
nished with Remedies, Lon., 1630, 4to.
cause there is nothing remarkably striking in it. But the man
who is uniformly good, and that to such a degree as Mr. Bonnell
was, ought to stand high in our opinion, and to be esteemed-what
be certainly was—a great man.”—GRANGER.
Bonnell, George. Wool Manufacture, 1759, 4to.
Bonner, or Boner, Edmund, d. 1569, consecrated
Bishop of London, April 4, 1540, was the son of a "poor
honest man" of Hanley, Worcestershire. He was educated
at Broadgate's Hall, (afterwards Pembroke College,) Oxford,
and took his doctor's degree in 1525. His subsequent bis-
tory is well known. Articles (37) to be inquired of in the
General Visitation of Edmund, Bishop of London, 1554,
&c. Reprinted in Burnet's History of the Reformation.
"To ridicule them, Johu Bale, Bishop of Ossory, wrote a book
entitled A Declaration of Edmund Bonner's Articles concerning
the Clergy of London Diocese, whereby that execrable antichrist
is in his right colours revealed, 1554, Svo."
A Profitable and Necessary Doctrine, &c., Lon., 1554-
55, 4to.
144
"This Catechism is said to have been composed by his chap-
lains, [John Harpesfield and Henry Pendleton,] andito be taken où
of the Institution of a Christian Man, set out by Killen. 8, only
varied in some points."
P
"Such a character may perhaps be overlooked by some, be-
For a list of Bonner's treatises, &c., see Watt's Bibl.
Brit. Works, printed by J. Cawood, Lon., 4to, sine anno.
In 1842 appeared Life and Defence of the Conduct and
Principles of the Venerable and Calumniated Bishop Bon-
ner, &c., by a Tractarian British Critic, (Prebendary
Tremyard,) Lon., Svo.
"This ironical life and defence of Bishop Bonner is an exposure
of the Romish tendency of the Oxford Tracts, and is written
throughout with ability and learning. There is no doubt that the
author has damaged the party he has attacked.”—Lon. Athen.
Bonner, J. Copperplate Perspective Itinerary, Pts. 1 .
and 2, 1799.
Bonhome, Richard. Sermon, &c., 1675-79.
Bonhote, Eliz. Novels, &c., Lon., 1788-99.
Bouhote, P. L. D. Logarithm Tables, Lon., 1805, Svo.
Boniface, Saint, the apostle of Germany, b. about
680, d. 755, was a native of Crediton, Devonshire, and
originally named Winfrid. He laboured with great zeal
in Germany and France, and was raised to the archiepis-
copal dignity-the see of Mentz being made metropolitan
for him-in 738. Opera a Nicolao Serrario Mogunt, 1605,
4to. Epistolæ Mogunt, 1629, 4to. Passio, Gr. Lat., Lut.
Par., 1680, 8vo. His Letters are the most important of
his literary remains.
Bonnar, John,
John. See BONAR.
Bonnel, or Bonnell, James, 1653-1699, a son of
Samuel Bonnell, an English merchant, b. at Genoa, where
his father resided for some time. James was educated at
Catherine Hall, Cambridge. He became very eminent for
learning and piety. He wrote some Meditations and
Prayers, inserted in his Life, and he pub. a Harmony of
the Gospels written by another hand, "improved by T. B. |
for his own use," Lon., 1705, 8vo. Sce his Life and Cha-
racter by W. Hamilton, Archdn. of Armagh, with Funeral
Sermon by the Bp. of Killmore and Ardagh, Lon., 1703,
Bvo; 5th edit., Lon., 1807.
Bonner, James. Med. treatises, &c., Lon., 1795-1818.
Bonner, John, b. 1828, at Quebec, resides in N.Y.
City. Child's Hist. of the United States, N.Y., 2 vols. 16mo.
This American history is freely written, and contains a fair
account of the settlement in America of the early Puritans, of their
trials and misfortunes, and of their after prosperity and liberty."—
Lon. Athen.
**
Child's History of Rome; do. Greece, &c. Registry
Laws of Canada. The Old Régime and the Revolution;
from the French of De Tocqueville. Mr. B. intends com-
pleting his series of Child's Histories. Is the editor of Har-
per's Weekly, and one of the editors of N.Y. Herald, (1858.)
Bonner, Richard. Treatise on the Eucharist, Lon.,
1548, Svo.
Bonnet, John, Surgeon. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1724.
Bonney, Thomas. Sermon, Lon., 1763, 4to.
Bonnor, C. Institution for the Blind, 1810.
Bonnor, Charles. Pamphlets relative to Mr. Pal-
mer, 1797-1800. Trans. of The Manager and Actor, 1784.
The Picture of Paris, 1790.
Bonnor, T. Views of Gloucester Cathedral, 1796-.
1815, 8vo. Views of Goodrich Castle, 1798-1815, 8vo.
Bonny, Henry Kaye, D.D. Life of Jeremy Taylor,
D.D., 1818, Svo. Mem. of T. F. Middleton, &c., Oundle,
1821, Svo. Blessings of Peace secured by Piety, &c.
Bonnycastle, Charles, d. 1840, son of the follow-
ing. Treatise on Inductive Geometry. Several memoirs
on scientific subjects.
Bonnycastle, John, d. 1821, an eminent mathe-
matical writer, pub. a number of works, Lon., 1780-1813.
An Introduction to Mensuration, &c., 1782; to Algebra,
1783; to Astronomy, 1786. Elements of Geometry, 1789.
Treatise on Trigonometry, 1806; on Arithmetic, 1810; on
Algebra, 1813, 2 vols. Trans. Bossut's Hist. Mathematics.
Bonnycastle, R.H. Spanish America, 1818,2 vols. 8vo.
Bonnycastle, Lieut.-Col. Sir Richard. The
Canadas in 1841, 2 vols. 8vo. Canada and the Canadians
in 1846, 2 vols. Svo.
kind, which ought to be treasured up by the intending emigrant.'
"There is excellent advice, as well as information of a practica
-London Morning Chronicle.
Newfoundland in 1842, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Published under the sanction of the British Government, and
comprises a full account of this most important colony.”—Lon.
Athen.
Bonoeil,John. Silk-Worms in Virginia, Lon.,1622,4to.
Bonomi, J. Nineveh and its Palaces: the Discoveries
of Botta and Layard applied to the Elucidation of Holy
Writ; with nearly 250 woodcuts, Lon., 1852, 8vo. This
valuable volume contains contributions from Dr. Lepsius,
Dr. Grotefend, Mr. S. Sharpe, &c.
Bonwell, James. Sermons on the Catholic Church,
Lon., 1843, Svo.
Bonwicke, Ambrose, b. 1652, a Non-juring divine,
a schoolmaster, and a man of most exemplary piety, wrote
a life of his son of both his names; Pattern for Young
218
·BOO
BOR
Students in the University, and which was not pub. until
1729, Lon. 8vo. Bowyer pub. this volume, and added a
preface to it.
Booker,Daniel. Beauties of the Mass, Lon.,1746,8vo.
Booker, John, 1601–1667, an astrologer and fortune-
teller, pub. A Cable Rope, 1664, 4to. Tractatus Paschalis,
1664, 8vo. The Dutch Fortune-Teller brought into Eng-
land, 1667, fol.; The Bloody Irish Almanac, 1646, 4to;
The Bloody Almanac, 1643, 4to. Booker seems to have
had a most sanguinary taste in titles.
He had a curious fancy in judging of thefts, and was as suc-
cessful in resolving love questions."-LILLY, the Astrologer.
Booker, Luke, 1762–1836, Rector of Tedstone-de-la-
Mere, 1806, and of Dudley, 1812, pub. a number of theo-
log. and other works. Lectures on the Lord's Prayer.
This volume contains a series of highly instructive discourses
on the several petitions contained in the Lord's Prayer."-Londom
Monthly Critical Gazette,
Sermons on various Subjects, intended to promote Chris-
tian Knowledge and Human Happiness, Dudley, 1793, 8vo.
Historical Account of Dudley Castle, 8vo.
Booker, More. Serm. at the Funeral of the Countess
of Drogheda, 1756, Svo.
Bookey, Sacheverell. Sermon. 1739, 4to.
Boole, George. Investigation of the Laws of Thought.
Lon., 8vo. Mathematical Analysis of Logic, 1847, 8vo.
Boone, T. C. Book of Churches and Sects, Lon.,
1826, 8vo. Marriage Looking-Glass, 1848, 8vo.
"An exceedingly interesting work, including some valuable
Opinions of esteemed writers relative to Married Life, &c.”
Outlines of Man's True Interest, 1844, 12mo.
from Life in verse, 12mo.
Sketches
·
Boone, Daniel, b. about 1730, d. 1820. one of the
earliest settlers of Kentucky, celebrated for his adventures,
drew up an account of his life, which was pub. in Filson's
Supplement to Imlay's Description of the Western Terri-
tory, 1793.
Boorde, Andrew. See Borde.
BORDE.
Boorman, N. Trans. of Hesse's Government of all
Estates; sine anno, 16mo.
Boote, Richard, d. 1782. Legal Treatises, 1766-91.
Booth, A. Examen Legum Angliæ, or the Laws of
England examined by Scripture, Antiquity, and Reason,
1656, 4to.
Booth, Abraham, 1734-1806, pastor of a congrega-
tion of Particular Baptists in London, from 1769 until his
death. Pædo-Baptism Examined, 1784, 2 vols. 12mo; an
edit. with additions, 1829, 4 vols. 8vo.
“An elaborate work, published under the superintendence of
the committee of the Baptist Fund: and considered by the au-
thor's sect as unanswerable."-LOWNDES.
Booth, Benjamin. System of Book-Keeping.
Booth, David, 1766-1846, a self-educated English
writer. Prospectus of an Analytical Dictionary of the
English Language, 1805; Introduction to do., Edin., 1806,
Svo; new ed., Lon., 1836, 4to. He devoted the last fifty
years of his life to the preparation of this curious work,
but one vol. of which was pub. Art of Wine-Making.
Art of Brewing. Explanation of Scientific Terms. These
three works were pub. by the Soc. for the Diffusion of
Useful Knowledge. Strictures on Malthus on Population.
Essay on Jury-Laws. Eura and Zedepyra, a Tale; with
Poetical Pieces, 1816, Svo.
Booth, George. The Historical Library of Diodo-
rus Siculus, trans. into English, Lon., 1700, fol.
16
This translation, which is now very scarce, is in high reputa-
tion for its general correctness.”—CLARKE,
"We are indebted to him for the preservation of a multitude of
particulars, which but for him we never should have known."
ANTHON.
Booth, George. Essays on Political Economy, &c.,
Lon., 1814-18.
Booth, George, Earl of Warrington. Con-
siderations upon the Institution of Marriage, Lon., 1739:
anon. A Letter on some Reflections in Burnet's History
of his Own Times.
|
Booth, Henry, Earl of Warrington, 1651-1693,
father of the preceding. Case of the late Lord Russell,
with Observations upon it, 1689, fol. Tryal for High
Treason, 1686, fol. Works, consisting of Parliamentary
Speeches, Family Prayers, and Political Tracts, 1694, 8vo.
A man of strict piety. of great worth. honour, and humanity."
Booth, H. Miscellaneous Pieces of Verse, 1805, 8vo.
Booth, James C., b. 1810, Prof. of Applied Chemistry
in the Franklin Institute: Melter and Refiner in the U.S.
Mint, Phila. The Encyclopædia of Chemistry, Practical
and Theoretical; embracing its Application to the Arts,
Metallurgy, Geology, Medicine, and Pharmacy. Phila.,
1850, Svo. In this work Mr. Booth was assisted by Campbell
Morfit; in conjunction with whom he also wrote A Report
to the Smithsonian Institute on Recent Improvements in
the Chemical Arts, Wash., 1851, 4to. Ed. T. R. Betton's
trans. of Regnault's Chemistry, Phila., 1852, 2 vols. 8vo.
merals. Archæol., vol. i. 1770.
Booth, John. Lett. to Ames, on some Ancient Nu-
Booth, John. Principal Greek Primitives, Huddersf.,
1801, 4to; 1817, 8vo. The Kingdom of Christ.
The Nature and Practice of Real Action, &c., Lon., 1701,
fol. with the Notes of Serjeant Hill, Lon., 1811, r. Svo.
"Booth on Real Action is an imperfeet and unsatisfactory book,
but for want of a better treatise upon the subject, · is even cited as
an authoritative compilation.' The editor of the American edition,
John Anthon, translated the ancient records from the Latin, and
added a few references to American and English editions, Svo,
New York, 1808.”—Marvin's Legal Bibl.
*
+
Booth, Joseph. Polygraphic Art, Lon., 1788, 8vo.
Booth, Peniston, D.D. Ser. on Baptism, 1718, Svo.
Booth, Robert. Encomium Heroum., Lon., 1620, 4to.
Boothby, B. Synopsis of the Law relating to In-
dictable Offences, Lon., 1842, 12mo.
Reign of Grace, 1768, Svo.
"A masterly performance."-DR. E. WILLIAMS.
"Highly evangelical, but some of his expressions want modify-ish.
ing."-BICKERSTETH,
Ryland commends Booth for clearness of thought, nerv-
ous reasoning, accurate method, and vigour of style.
Booth, Barton, 1681-1733, an eminent English ac-
tor, was author of those charming stanzas, "Sweet are the
charms of her I love." He left a dramatic piece entitled,
The Death of Dido, 1716, Svo. The Memoirs of Booth
were pub. Lon., 1733, Svo; also by Theop. Cibber, and by
Mr. Victor.
"The author has made frequent reference to precedents of in-
dictments, and to all of the late works upon criminal law. The
work is condensed and accurate, and useful for the purpose of
ready reference.
Boothby, Sir Brooke. Political, poetical, and other
works, Lon., 1791-1809. Tears of Penelope, 1795, fol
Sorrows sacred to the Memory of Penelope, 1796, fol. Fa-
bles and Satires, Edin., 2 vols. 8vo, 1709.
Boothby, F. Marcelia, a Tragi-comedy, Lon., 1670,4to.
Boothby, Richard. Description of Madagascar,
Lon., 1646, 4to. In Osborne's Voyages, 1745. A True
Declaration of wrongs done him by two servants of the E.
India Company, Lon., 1644, 4to.
Boothe, N. The Rights of Windsor Forest Asserted,
Lon., 1719, Svo.
Boothhouse, Samuel. Dey of Tunis, &c., Lon.,
1853, 4to.
Boothroyd, Benjamin, D.D., 1768-1836, a Dissent-
ing minister, bookseller, and printer, is well known for his
edition of the Hebrew Bible, and his Family Bible in Eug-
The Biblia Hebraica, pub. originally in parts, 1810,
&c., afterwards at Pontefract and Lon., 1816, 2 vols. 4to,
is without points, and after the text of Kennicott.
"It is peculiarly interesting to the Hebrew scholar and critic,
as it contains in a condensed form the substance of the most valu-
able and expensive works."-Horne's Introduc.
lished for common use."-Orme
Probably the most useful Hebrew Bible that has been pub-
“A Hebrew Bible with various readings, and synopsis of Bibli-
cal Critics. is a desideratum that we hope every minister and stu-
dent whose finances allow will eagerly embrace.”—Erungelical Mog.
“A valuable collection of criticisms from various sources.
BICKERSTETH.
In 1818 he pub., Pontefract and London, 3 vols. 4to, A
New Family Bible, and Improved Version, from corrected
Texts of the Originals, with Notes and Reflections.
·
A valuable help to the critical understanding of the Holy
Scriptures."-Horne's Introduc.
“He has very happily blended critical disquisition with practi-
cal instruction, and an invariable regard to the spirit and design
of revelation.... It deserves the encouragement of all the friends
of religion."-ORME.
A new edition carefully corrected and greatly improved,
but without the "practical reflections," was pub. in 1835
in one large Svo vol.
“I do not think we have any similar work in our language ap-
proaching it in all the qualities of usefulness.”—J. PYE SMITH, D.D.
“The result of a most successful application of the same great
learning and great labour which had been previously evinced in
his critical edition of the Hebrew Bible.”—Ralph WARDLAW, D.D.
"I seldom cousult his translation without advantage.”—INGRAM
COBBIN.
"I have always regarded it as a book of great value."-KOBERT
VAUGHAN.
"The sentiments of the author are evangelical and devotional."
-BICKERSTETH.
In 1807, Pontefract, Svo, Dr. B. pub. The History of the
ancient Borough of Pontefract, in two parts. This is a
rare work.
Boraston, George. Sermon, 1684, 4to.
219
BOR
BOR
Boraston, William. A Treatise on the Pestilence,
A Treatise on the Pestilence,
Lon., 1630, Svo.
Borde, or Boorde, Andrew, M.D., in Latin An-
dreas Perforatus, b. about 1500, d. 1549, was a native
of Sussex, and educated at Oxford. Although a man of
learning, he occasionally enacted the part of an itinerant
doctor, and the tale of Merry Andrew is said to be derived
from him. Hearne tells us that he
(6
"I am an Englisman, and naked I stand here,
Musing in my mind, what rayment I shall wear.”
Frequented markets and fairs where a conflux of people used
to get together, to whom he prescribed, and to induce them to flock
thither the more readily, he would make humorous speeches."
His excuse for this Opprobrium Medicorum must be the
"rumbling head and inconstant mind" which Wood asserts
Bordley, John Beale, d. at Philadelphia, 1804,
that he possessed. He pub. several works: Pryncyples aged 76. Forsyth's Treatise on Fruit Trees. Sketches
of Astronomye, Lon., 1540, 8vo; reprint. 100 copies, 4 on
on Rotation of Crops, 1792. Essays and Notes on Hus-
vellum, Lon., 1814, Svo. The first Boke of the Introduc-bandry, &c., 1799, 1801, Phil., Svo. View of the Courses
tion of Knowledge, the which doth teach a man to speake of Crops in England and Maryland, 1804.
part of al maner of languages, and to knowe the usage and
fashion of al mauer of countryes, &c., Lon., 1542, 4to;
new edit. by Copland, sine anno.
"He was greatly instrumental in diffusing the best knowledge
of the best of all arts."
Boreman, Richard, D.D. Sermons, Lon., 1662,
'63, '69.
"Probably the most curious and generally interesting volume
ever put forth from the press of the Coplands.”—DIBDIN.
The work is partly in verse, partly in prose, with wooden
cuts prefixed to each of the 39 chapters.
"The first is a satire, as it appears, on the fickle nature of an
Englishman: the symbolical priut prefixed to this chapter exhibit-
Ing a naked man, with a pair of shears in one hand, and a roll of
cloth in the other, not determined what sort of a coat he shall order
to be made, has more humour than any of the verses which follow."
The two first of the verses are these:
Boreman, or Bourman, Robert, D.D., d. 1675.
The Churchman's Catechism, Lon., 1651, 4to. The Tri-
umphs of Learning over Ignorance, and of Truth over
Falsehood, Lon., 1653, 4to. Mirror of Mercy and Judg-
ment. Life and Death of Freeman Sonds, Lon., 1655, 4to.
Panegyric and Sermon on Dean Comber, Lon., 1654, 4to.
Boreman, Thomas. Descrip. of 300 Animals, Lon..
1730, Svo.
"Nor is the poetry destitute of humour only; but of every em-
bellishment, both of metrical arrangement and expression. Borde
has all the boldness of allusion, and barbarity of versification, be-
longing to Skelton, without his strokes of satire and severity."-
Warton's Eng. Poetry.
The Breviarie of Healthe for all manner of Sicknesses
and Diseases, &c., Lon., 1547, 4to. This was approved by
the University of Oxford.
+6
I am confident this book was the first written of that faculty
in English, and dedicated to the college of physicians in London.
Take a taste out of the beginning of his dedicatory epistle:
CCC
Egregious doctors and masters of the eximious and arcane
science of physic, of your urbanity exasperate not yourselves
against me for making this little volume of physic.'
เ
Indeed his book contains plain matter under hard words; and
was accounted such a jewel in that age (things whilst the first, are
esteemed the best, in all kinds) that it was printed cum privilegio
ad imprime dum solum.”—Fuller's Worthies.
Fuller is much mistaken in giving this work the priority
he assigns to it. Compendyouse Regimente, or Dietary of
Healthe made in Mounte Pyllor, 1562, 12mo; 1567, 8vo;
1576, Svo.
"Of Borde's numerous books, the only one that can afford any
degree of entertainment to the modern reader is the Dietarie of
lielthe where, giving directions as a physician, concerning the
choice of houses, diet. and apparel, and not suspecting how little
he should instruct, and how much he might amuse a curious pos-
terity. be has preserved many anecdotes of the private life, customs,
and arts of our ancestors."-Wirtom's Eng. Poetry.
Merie Tales of the Mad Men of Gotham, Lon., 8vo, sine
anno, sed circa 1565?
"It was accounted a book full of wit and mirth by scholars and
gentlemen. Afterwards being often printed, is now sold only on
the stalls of ballad-singers.”—Athon. Ozm.
"Hearne was of opinion that these idle pranks of the men of
Gotham, a town in Lincolnshire, bore a reference to some customary
law-tenures belonging to that place or its neighborhood. now grown
obsolete: and that Blount might have enriched his book on AN-
CIENT TENURES with these ludicrous stories."
A ryght pleasant and merry History of the Myller of
Abington, [a village near Cambridge,] with his wife and
his faire daughter, and of two poor scholars of Cambridge.
"A meager epitome of Chaucer's Miller's Tale."
Borde was author of several other works. Consult Wood's
Athen. Oxon., Bliss's edit.; Warton's Eng. Poetry; Dib-
din's Ames; Brit. Bibliog.; Ritson's Bibl. Poet.; Dodd's
Ch. Hist., vol. i.; Cooper's Muses' Library; Phillips's Thea-
trum Poet. Angl.; Hearne's Pref. to Benedictus Abbas
Petroburg.; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
have been now remembered, had he wrote only profound systems
in medicine and astronomy. He is known to posterity as a buffoon,
not as a philosopher."-English Poetry.
Borde published the jests of John Scogan, the favouritė
buffoon of the court of Edward the Fourth:
"Dr. Borde was an ingenious man, and knew how to humour
and please his patients, readers, and auditors. In his travels and
visits. he often appeared and spoke in public; and would often
frequent markets and fairs where a conflux of people used to get
together, to whom he prescribed; and to induce them to flock
thither the more readily, he would make humorous speeches,
couched in such language as caused mirth. and wonderfully pro-
pagated his fame."-Herne's Benedictus Abb., tom. i.
"They are without humour or invention; and give us no very
favourable idea of the delicacy of the king and courtiers, who could
be exhilarated by the merriments of such a writer.”—Warton.
Borden, Simeon. On Railroads, Boston, 1854, 870.
Border, Dan, The English Chemical Physician and
Chirurgerie, &c., Lon., 1651, fol. The whole Art and Sur-
vey of Physick and Chirurgerie, Lon., 1651, 4to.
Two
same year.
"Our author Borde was esteemed a noted poet, a witty and in-
genious person, and an excellent physician of his time."-Athen.
Ozom.
Wood also refers to the tradition of Borde's having been
physician to Henry VIII.: but for this opinion Warton
could find only "very slender proof."
"A mad physician and a dull poet.... Borde's name would not
**
Borfet, Abiel. Postliminia Carolii II., &c., Lon.,
1660, 4to. Sermon on Ps. xx. 5, 1696, 4to.
Borget, Auguste. Sketches of China and the Chi-
nese, imp. fol. £4 48.
"Affords a far more complete idea of the country and its inha-
bitants than we have ever seen or met with in all the books we
have been looking at or read before.”—London Literary Gazette.
Borget, Samuel. The Devil's Legend, Lon., 1595, 4to.
Borringdon, Lord. Speech in H. of Lords on the
Petition of the R. Catholics of Ireland, 1810, Svo. Ac-
count of Lord B.'s Accident and Death, Lon., 1810, 4to.
Privately printed.
Borlace, Edmond, M.D., d. 1682, son of Sir John
Borlace, one of the Lords Justices of Ireland, practised
physic with great reputation and success at Chester, Eng-
land. Latham Spaw in Lancashire, Lon., 1670, 8vo. The
Reduction of Ireland to the Crown of England, &c.
"A short but instructive work."-BP. NICOLSON.
A Brief Account of the Rebellion in 1641, Lon., 1675,
Svo. The History of the execrable Irish Rebellion, &c.,
Lon., 1680, fol. Wood asserts that much of this book is
borrowed without acknowledgment: see Athen. Oxon. It
contains letters from Cromwell, Ireton, Preston, &c. Brief
Reflections on the Earl of Castlehaven's Memoirs, &c.,
Lon., 1682, 8vo.
Borlase, Henry, d. 1834. Papers connected with
the present state of the country, Lon., 1836, 12mo.
Borlase, William, 1696-1772, a native of Cornwall,
was educated at Exeter College, Oxford. He was insti-
tuted in 1722 to the rectory of Ludgvan, and in 1732 to
the vicarage of St. Just. Antiquities, Historical and Mo-
numental, of the County of Cornwall, Oxf., 1754, fol.;
2d edit. with additions, Lon., 1769, fol. This work is the
result of much research and accurate observation.
Observations on the Ancient and Present State of the
Islands of Scilly, and their importance to the trade of
Great Britain, Oxf., 1756, 4to.
"This is one of the most pleasing and elegant pieces of local on-
quiry that our country has produced."-Dr. Johnson, in the Literary
Messenger.
The Natural History of Cornwall, Oxf., 1758, fol. Many
years had been employed in collecting materials for this
valuable work. Dr. B. contributed many papers to Phil.
Trans.: vide 1749, '53, '55, '57, '58, '59, 62, 63, '69. He
was in correspondence with many of the eminent literary
men of his day.
"Ile furnished Mr. Pope with the greatest part of the mute-
rials for forming his grotto at Twickenham, consisting of such cu-
rious fossils as the county of Cornwall abounds with; and there
may, at present, be seen Dr. Borlase's name in capitals, composed
of crystals, in the grotto. On this occasion a very handsome let
ter was written to the Doctor by Mr. Pope, in which he says, 'I
am much obliged to you for your valuable collection of Cornish
diamonds. I have placed them where they may best represent
yourself, in "a shade, but shining :" alluding to the obscurity of
. . There
Dr. Borlase's situation, and the brilliancy of his talents. . . .
is still existing a large collection of letters written by that cele
brated poet to our Author."-Biog. Brit.
See Dr. B.'s Memoirs, drawn up by himself at the request
of a friend, in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. v. 291, &c.
Borne, William. A Regiment for the Sea, Lon,
1620, 4to.
220
BOR
BOS
Borough, Sir John. See BURROUGHS.
Borough, William. A New Attractive; a short dis-
A New Attractive; a short dis-
course of the Loadstone, Lon., 1585, 4to: Variation of
the Compass, Lon., 1585, 4to.
Borrer, Dawson. Journey from Naples to Jerusa-
lem, Lon., p. 8vo. Campaign against the Kubailes of Al-
gerin, 8vo.
• •
"Mr. Borrer is an observant and painstaking traveller. The
season has not produced a more amusing book."-Limdon Critic.
"One of the most interesting narratives we have had for many a
day."-London Exuminer.
Borrow, George, a native of Norfolk, England, has
pub. some of the most popular books of the age. The
Zincali; or, An Account of the Gipsies of Spain, Lon., 2
vols. p. 8vo, 1841.
"A genuine book; not one of those starved pieces of modern
manufacture. . . . There is no taking leave of a book like this.
Better Christmas fare we never had it in our power to offer our
readers."-London Athenæum.
"These curious and most attractive pages."-London Literary
Gazelle. See Edinburgh Review, 1xxiv. 45.
The Bible in Spain, Lon., 3 vols. p. 8vo., 1843.
"We are frequently reminded of Gil Blas in the narratives of this
pious, single-hearted man. As a book of adventures, it seems to
us about the most extraordinary which has appeared in our own
or any other language for a long time past."-London Quarterly
Review. See Edin. Review, lxxvii. 105.
Sir Robert Peel in the House of Commons, April 11, 1843:
"Difficulties!! were they to be deterred from proceeding on that
account? Let them look at Mr. Borrow; why if he had suffered
bimself to be prevented from circulating the Bible in Spain by the
difficulties he met with, he could never have spread such enlight-
enment and information through that country."
Lavengro: the Scholar, the Gipsy, and the Priest, Lon.,
3 vols. p. 8vo.
"A book which has a panoramic unity of its own, and of which
scarcely a page is without its proper interest."-Tuit's Magazine.
Autobiography, Lon., 1 vol. 12mo, 1851.
"A work of intense interest, including extraordinary adven-
tures in various parts of the world."
Borthwick, George, M.D. Crystalline Lens, Edin.,
1775, Svo. Con. to Med. Com., 1772, &c. Annals of Med.,
1796, &c.
Borthwick, John. Observations, &c. on Libel, Lon.,
1830, Svo.
"A learned and excellent work."
Other legal treatises.
Borthwick, William. Feudal Dignities of Scot-
land, Edin., 1775, 8vo. Remarks on British Antiquities,
Edin., 1776, 8vo.
"These northern memoirs will be thought curious and valuable
by the antiquary."-Monthly Review, 1776.
Bosanquet, Chas. Commercial treatises, Lon., 1807.
Bosanquet, Edwin. Paraphrase of Paul's Epistle
to the Romans, Lon., 1840, 8vo.
Bosanquet, J. B., and C. Puller. Legal Reports,
Lon., 1800-07; and Lon., 1826, 5 vols. roy. Svo. The last
English edition comprises all their reports. They were
continued by Taunton, Broderip, and Bingham.
Bosanquet, James W. Chronology of Daniel, Ezra,
and Nehemiah considered, &c., Part 1, Lon., 1848, Svo.
Bosanquet, R. W. Remarks on Baptism and Re-
generation, Lon., Svo. Pusey on the Eucharist.
Bosanquet, S. R. Works on Theology, Law, Poli-
tical Economy, and Logic. The Rights of the Poor, and
Christian Alinsgiving Vindicated.
"A book containing more valuable information relative to the
statistics of economy of the poor than all the parliamentary re
ports ever published. The book should be read by all who take
the slightest interest in the subject."-Britannia.
Bosanquet, W. H. Let. to J. Wigram, Lon. 1836, 8vo.
Bosboon. Plain Description of the Five Orders of
Architecture, with cuts, 1676, fol.; 1679, fol.
Boscawen, William, 1752-1811, a barrister, was
educated at Eton, and Exeter College, Oxford. Treatise
of Convictions on Penal Statutes, Lon., 1792, Svo. Trans.
of Horace into English verse, 1793-98, 2 vols. Svo. The
Progress of Satire, &c., containing Remarks on the Pur-
suits of Literature, 1798; a Supplement to ditto, 1799.
Original Poems, 1801, 12mo.
Mr. Mathias was not backward in returning Boscawen's
compliments :
"I never shared the profits of the gown,
Nor yet, with Horace and myself at war,
For rhyme and victuals left the starving bar.
"This was lately done by William Boscawen, Esquire, an Eto-
nian, first a Barrister at Law, now a Commissioner of the Victual-
ling Office, and (by an easy transition) Translator of Horace.
Negatas artifex sequi voces, (Pers. Prol.) In this revision of my
work, I have no more space to allot to Mr. Boscawen, or to his
rhymes. It is the fate of some men to describe the history of au
art without making any progress in it themselves; to write verses
without inspiration, and satirical poems without satire. But
what said Boileau?
'Attaquer Chapelain? &c.
Nothing, indeed, is less acceptable than plain t, ath to irritable
and implacable rhymers: but I must say that the unresisting im
becility of Mr. Boscawen's translation disarms all criticism.”
Pursuits of Literature, 16th edit.
See MATHIAS, T. J.
Bosquett, Abraham. The Young Man of Honour's
Vade-Mecum; being a Salutary Treatise on Duelling, &c.,
1817, 12mo. This is a palpable misnomer; for no man
foolish and guilty enough to defy God by fighting a duel,
can possibly be a "Man of Honour." The man who re-
fuses so to disgrace himself is truly the "Man of Honour."
Mr. B. pub. some Essays on Marine subjects, 1818, 8vo.
Bossewell, John. See BosWELL.
Bostock, John, M.D., 1773-1845, b. Liverpool. This
distinguished physician pub. a number of professional
works. We notice a few: Elementary System of Physi-
ology, 8vo. Essay on Respiration, Svo. History and Pre-
gent State of Galvanism, 8vo. Sketch of the History of
Medicine, 8vo. A list of some of his valuable contribu-
tions to Med. and Phys. Jour., Memoirs Med., Nic. Jour.,
and Ann. Phil., will be found in Watt's Bib. Brit.
Bostock, Peter. Sub. of some sermons, Lon., 1630,8vo.
supposed to have died 1410, was one of the first collectors
Boston, John, a monk of St. Edmundsbury, who is
of the lives of English writers, and the precursor of Le-
land, Bale, and Pits. Speculum Coenobitarum; editio per
Ant. Hallium, in Trivet Annal., Oxon., 1722, 8vo.
"He searched indefatigably all the libraries of the kingdom,
and wrote a catalogue of the authors, with short opinions of them."
"After the ancient discoveries of Boston and Leland, there hath
been nothing attempted but some rude and disproportionable
draughts of mean and ignorant designers.”—Athen. Ozon.
Boston, Robert. Sermons and Discourses, Edin.,
1753, Svo.
Boston, Thomas. Serm. on 1 Thess. v. 20, 21,
1694, 8vo.
Boston, Thomas, 1676-1732, was a native of Dunse,
Scotland, and educated at the University of Edinburgh.
He was licensed to preach in the Church of Scotland in
1699, accepted the parish of Simprin in the same year,
and in 1707 exchanged it for that of Ettrick.
Human Nature in its Fourfold State, 1720; many edi-
tions.
"One of our best books for common readers. The sentences are
short, and the comparisons striking: the language is easy, and the
doctrine evangelical: the method proper, the plan comprehensive,
the manner searching, yet consolatory. If another celebrated
treatise is styled 'The Whole Duty of Man,' I would call this 'The
Whole of Man; as it comprises what he was originally; what be
is, by transgression; what he should be, through grace; and what
he will be in glory."-Hervey's Dialogues.
"One of the best systems of practical divinity ever written.”—
ERASMUS MIDDLETON.
"Practical as well as evangelical."-BICKERSTETH.
"One of the few felicitous productions, which, by its own in
trinsic claims to excellence, bas wrought its way to singular pre
eminence in the esteem of the wise and good.”—LOWNDES.
Tractatus Stigmologicus Hebræo-Biblicus, &c., Amst.,
1738, 4to. This Mr. B. first wrote in English, and then
trans. it into Latin. It refers to the accentuation of the
Hebrew Scriptures, in which matter he thought that he
had made an important discovery.
"After all, his scheme of literal interpretation, and his doctrine
of the divine origin of the points, have contributed little to the
better understanding of the Bible."-ORME.
Illustrations of the Doctrines of the Christian Religion,
Edin., 1773, 3 vols. 8vo.
“The method and style conduct the imagination to the middle
of the preceding century. The illustrations are very plain and
familiar, and the strain eminently practical. . . . His Fourfold
State, his Treatise on the Covenants. Sermons, and other practical
pieces. are scriptural, and, as to sentiment, judicious. The style
is plain, without artificial ornament; yet illustrations and com-
parisons often striking."-DR. E. WILLIAMS.
A Memorial concerning Personal and Family Fasting
and Humiliation.
"This little work, were no other copy to be had, would be worth
its weight in gold."
The Sermon entitled, The Crook in the Lot, has been
greatly commended:
“A precious treasure of practical and experimental Christianity,
and has ever been held in the highest estimation by all the poor
and afflicted people,' who trust in the name of the Lord."
1
Complete Works, now first collected, and reprinted with-
out abridgment, including his memoirs, written by him-
self, carefully edited by the Rev. Samuel McMillan, Lon.,
1852, 12 vols. 8vo.
Bostwick, David, b. about 1720, d. 1763, a minister
of the Presbyterian Church, New York. Sermons, 1759,
'65, 76. A treatise in defence of Infant Baptism was
pub. from some of his MS. sermons after his decense.
"It is an able production."
321
BOS
BOS
Bostwick, H., M.D., of New York. Venereal Disease,
N. York, 1848, 4to. Other works.
Boswell, Sir Alexander, b. 1775, eldest son of the
biographer of Dr. Johnson, was murdered in a duel by
Mr. Stuart of Dunearn, March 26, 1822. We say mur-
dered, because we consider all deaths in duels to be cases
cf murder, calling for the hangman's rope for the survivor.
If both parties escape, then perpetual imprisonment, or
transportation for life, should preserve society from the
contagion of those who so disgrace it. A wise man never
As a
yet fought a duel, a courageous man very seldom.
general rule, cowards and imbeciles compose the ranks of
the so-called "Men of Honour." See BosQUETT, A., ante.
Sir Alexander Boswell was a member of the Roxburghe
Club, one of the originators of The Warder, a celebrated
Scotch Tory paper, and pub. his Songs, chiefly in the
Scottish dialect, 1803. Edinburgh, or the Ancient Roy-
alty, 1810. Clan Alpin's Vow, 1811. See Dibdin's Lit.
Reminiscences.
Boswell, Edward. Civil Division of the County
of Dorset, Sherborne, (1795,) Svo. Acts of Parl. respect-
ing Cavalry, &c. Part 1, 1798, 12mo.
Boswell, Geo. Watering Meadows, Lon., 1780, 8vo.
"The essay possesses much merit. and has not been surpassed
by the usage of the present time.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Bing.
Boswell, H. Antiquities of England and Wales,
Lon., fol.
Boswell, Miss H. The Idiot; a Novel, Lon., 1810,
3 vols. 12mo.
Boswell, James, 1740-1795, the friend and biogra-
pher of Dr. Johnson, was a native of Edinburgh, a son
of a judge, who was called Lord Auchinleck from his es-
tate, in conformity to Scottish custom. He studied law
at Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Utrecht, and afterwards be-
came an advocate at the Scotch bar. Besides the great
work by which he will be known to the latest generations,
he pub. several political, legal, and literary essays.
His
Journal of a Tour to Corsica, pub. Glasg., 1768, Svo, was
received with much favour, and was trans. into the Ger-
man, Dutch, Italian, and French languages.
"Your Journal is curious and delightful. I know not whether
I could name any narrative by which curiosity is better excited
or better gratified."-Dr. Johnson to Boswell.
well the best edition of an English book that has appeared.”—
Lon. Quarterly Review.
We might adduce many more testimonies to the excel.
lence of Mr. Croker's edition. Perhaps a dozen such are
lying before us, but we must content ourselves with the
following:
"We cannot believe that any subsequent improvement will
ever be made upon this edition; and we have no doubt that it will
excite the curiosity and reward the attention of the reading world.
We hope that we shall be able to repeat the saying of a distin-
guished writer of the last age- Every one that can buy a book
has bought Boswell."-North American Review.
We add a few more commendations of Boswell's Johnson:
"I now appreciate, with a keen recollection of the pleasure which,
in common with every tolerably well-educated Englishman, I have
felt, and shall continue to my very latest hour to feel, in the po
rusal of the biography of Dr. Samuel Johnson, by James Boswell,
his companion, his chronicler, and his friend. This fascinating,
and I may add truly original, composition, is a work for all times.
In it, we see the man-
Boswell's Life of Johnson is the richest dictionary of wit and
wisdom any language can boast of; and its treasures may now be
referred to with infinitely greater ease than heretofore. Enlarged
and illuminated by the industrious researches and the sagacious
running criticism of Mr. Croker, it is, without doubt-excepting
a few immortal monuments of creative genius-that English book
which, were the Island to be sunk to-morrow with all its inhabit-
ants, would be most prized in other days and countries by the
students of us and our history. To the influence of Boswell we
owe probably three-fourths of what is most entertaining, as well
as no inconsiderable portion of whatever is most instructive, in
all the books of memoirs that have subsequently appeared. A
really good. Inder has now, for the first time, been given with a book
that above any other wanted one; and we pronounce this Bos
•
6
•
The grow
Vir ipse.
Sic oculus, sic ille manus, sic ora ferebat.'
We even hear his voice, and observe his gesticulations.
of discontent and the shout of triumph equally pervades our ears
Walking, sitting, reading, writing, talking, all is Johnsonian. W
place Boswell's Johnson in our libraries, as an enthusiast hangs
up his Gerard Dow in his cabinet-to be gazed at again and again;
to feed upon, and to devour.”—Dibdin's Library Companion.
"In these memoirs of Dr. Johnson there are so many witty say-
ings, and so many wise ones, by which the world if it pleases may
be at once entertained and improved, that I do not regret their
publication."-BISHOP HORNE.
Boswell's Life of Johnson is one of the best books in the world.
It is assuredly a great, a very great work. Homer is not more de
cidedly the first of heroic Poets.-Shakspeare is not more decidedly
of is not more the
first of Orators, than Boswell is the first of biographers. He has
distanced all his competitors so decidedly that it is not worth while
We are
to place them: Eclipse is first, and all the rest nowhere.
not sure that there is in the whole history of the human intellect
so singular a phenomenon as this book. Many of the greatest
men that ever lived have written biography: Boswell was one of
the smallest men that ever lived. and he has beaten them all.”—
T. B. MACAULAY: Edin. Review, 1831.
"
"Boswell's Life of Johnson is such a masterpiece in its partleu.
lar species, as perhaps the literature of no other nation, ancient
or modern, could boast. It preserves a thousand precious anec
dotical memorials of the state of the arts. manners, and policy
among us during this period; such as must be invaluable to the
philosophers and antiquaries of a future age.”—Chalmers's Bigg.
Dict.
"There are few books that have afforded more amusement, or
probably imparted more instruction, than what is usually called
Boswell's Life of Johnson; which is, in fact, chiefly Boswell's repe-
tition of the conversations of that great man whose name adorns
the title-page of his work. Perhaps it is only from the literary
productions of Johnson himself. and scarcely even from them, that
equal advantage is to be reaped."
Mr. Croker calls our attention to the important fact that
Boswell really so very little of his great friend:
"Of above twenty years, therefore, that their acquaintance lasted,
periods equivalent in the whole to about three-quarters of a year
only, fell under the personal notice of Boswell..... It appears
from the Life, that Mr. Boswell visited England a dozen times dur
ing his acquaintance with Dr. Johnson, and that the number of
days in which they met were about 180, to which is to be added
the time of the TOUR, when they were together from the 18th Au
gust to the 22d November, 1773; in the whole about 276 days.
The number of pages in the separate editions of the two works is
2528, of which 1320 are occupied by the history of these 276; so
that a little less than an hundredth part of Dr. Johnson's life occu
pies aliove one-half of Mr. Boswell's work. . . . Every one must re-
gret that his personal intercourse with his great friend was uot
more frequent or more continued.”—Preface.
See Boswell's Letters to W. J. Temple, Lon., 1856, 8vo.
Boswell, James, second son of the above, edited
Malone's edition of Shakspeare's Plays and Poems, Lon.,
1821, 21 vols. 8vo.
His introduction to Dr. Johnson occurred May 16, 1763.
Perhaps no one who has read Boswell's amusing account
of this interview will ever forget it! It is unnecessary to
enter into any detail respecting a matter so well known
as the character of James Boswell. The reader will find
a review of Croker's Boswell's Johnson in the Edinburgh
Review for 1831, by Mr. Macaulay, in which these three
gentlemen are depicted with more strength of colouring
than accuracy of drawing. Boswell's Life of Johnson
did not appear until 1791, 2 vols. 4to, six years after the
demise of his subject. The sale from 1791 to 1805 reached
about 4000 copies. We cannot better our
occupy space
than by quoting some opinions concerning this renowned
work. Mr. John Wilson Croker deserves great credit for
his excellent edition of Boswell. We venture this asser-
tion notwithstanding the unaccountable attempt of Mr.
Macaulay to depreciate the value of Mr. C.'s editorial la-
bours. We beg to present on the other side the commen-
dation of an authority whose decision will hardly be
questioned:
--
- The edition of Boswell by my able and learned friend, Mr.
Croker, is a valuable accession to literature; and the well-known
accuracy of that gentleman gives importance to his labours.".
Lord Brougham: article “Johnson? in Times of George III.
That Mr. Croker has occasionally lost his way in a wil-
derness of 2500 notes, cannot be disputed; that Mr. Ma-
He was a member of the Roxburghe Club, and pub. for
caulay is not altogether infallible, is equally certain. Our it Poems, by Richard Barnfield, 1816, 4to, 34 copies; A
warm admiration of Mr. Macaulay's remarkable powers Roxburghe Garland, 1817, 12mo. See a specimen in this
makes us the more regret that the embarras des richesses-volume of Mr. B.'s poetical talents,-L'Envoy. Memoir.
the fruit of his vast erudition-should render him some- of the late Edmand Malone, Lon., 1814, Svo, reprinted
times unable to perceive the merit of those whom he criti- from the Gent. Mag.
cises. Mr. Croker's last edit. was pub. by Mr. Murray in
1848, 1 vol. r. 8vo.
Boswell, John. Workes of Armorie devyded into
three bookes entituled, The Concords of Armorie, The
Armorie of Honor, and of Coats and Crestes, Lon., 1572-
97, 4to.
..
"Containing a vast quantity of matter illustrative of Shakspeare
and his times, by various eminent authors."
-
Boswell, John, prebendary of Wells, &c. Sermon,
1730, 8vo.
1730, 8vo. A Method of Study, or a Useful Library, with
a Catalogue of Books, Lon., 1738, 2 vols. Svo. Remarks,
&c., 1750-51.
Boswell, John. Dissertatio Inaug. de Ambra. Lugd.
Bat., 1736, 4to.
Boswell, J. W. Phil. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1801, '05, '06.
Boswell, P. 1. Bees, Pigeons, Rabbits, and Canary-
Birds, N. York, 18mo. 2. Poultry-Yard, 18mo.
242
BOS
BOU
Bosworth, Joseph, D.D., F.R.S., F.S.A., &c., b. 1788, | During the last 14 years of his life he was engaged in pre-
In Derbyshire; grad. at Aberdeen as M.A., and subsequently paring a glossary of Provincial and Archaic words, intended
proceeded LL.D. in the same university. In order to as a supplement to Johnson's Dictionary. He issued his
become a clergyman of the Church of England, he at an proposals in 1802, under the title of Linguæ Anglicanæ
early age taught himself Hebrew,-reading the language Veteris Thesaurus. He did not live to complete his de
with the cognate dialects Chaldee, Syriac, and Arabic. sign. In 1804 the words under the letter A were published,
Grad. as M.A. and Ph. D. at Leyden; took the degree of and in 1832 (the proprietors of the English edition of Dr.
B.D. in Trinity Coll., Camb. 1834, and D.D. in 1839; also Webster's Dictionary purchased Mr. B.'s MSS.) appeared
D.D. ad eundem at Oxford in 1847. Dr. B. is a member Boucher's Glossary of Archaic and Provincial Words, edited
of the principal scientific and literary societies of the world. by the Rev. J. Hunter and Joseph Stevenson, &c., parts
1. Introduction to Latin Construing. 2. Eton Greek Gram. 1 and 2, 4to. This collection professes to contain: I. A
3. Elements of Anglo-Saxon Grammar, Lon., 1823, 8vo. large collection of words occurring in early English Au-
thors, not to be found in other works. II. Additional il-
lustrations of some words which are found in those Dic-
tionaries. III. Relics of the old language of the English
Nation. IV. An Introductory Essay on the origin and
history of the language.
Bouchery, W. Paraphrasis in Debora et Baraci
Canticum, Camb., 1706, 4to.
Bouchette, Jos. British Dominions in N. America,
2 vols. 4to. Topographical D. of Lower Canada.
Bouchier, Barton. Outlines of Grecian History.
"A pleasing and useful introduction for young readers to a his
tory of larger extent, and many of maturer years may find inte-
rest in its perusal."
Boudier, John. Plain and Practical Sermons, Lon.,
1818, 8vo.
"This work will prove a most valuable acquisition to the library
of the philologer and antiquary. The introduction, on the Origin
and Progress of Alphabetic Writing, displays considerable learning
and ability."-Lon. Gent. Mag.
|
4. Practical Means of Reducing the Poor's Rate, 1824.
"We have never perused a pamphlet more replete with sound
sense and practical information than the present.”—Critical Goz.,
Sept. 1824.
5. Book of Common Prayer, English and Dutch, 12mo,
1838. 6. Dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon Language, Svo,
1838, 428.
"This volume contains, within a moderate compass, a complete
apparatus for the study of Anglo-Saxon. Copious, accurate, cheap,
embodying the whole results of Anglo-Saxon scholarship,-there
is no other work of the kind. that can be put in comparison with it.
It is the fruit of ripe scholarship, enlarged views, and many years'
severe and patient labour.”—Elin. Rrv.
7. A Compendious Anglo-Saxon and English Dictionary,
1848 abridgment of No. 6. 8. Origin of the English, Ger-
manic, and Scandinavian Nations, 1848, Svo, 208. 9. Origin
of the Danish, and an Abstract of Scandinavian Literature.
10. Origin of the Dutch, with a Sketch of their Language
and Literature; 2d ed. 11. King Alfred's Anglo-Saxon
Version of the Compendious History of the World by
Orosius, 1856, Svo, 16s. 12. Description of Europe, and
the Voyages of Othere and Wulfstan, written in Anglo-
Saxon by King Alfred the Great, 1855. Only 50 copies
printed, £3 38. Dr. B. is preparing the Anglo-Saxon and
Mocso-Gothic Gospels in parallel columns; also a new and
enlarged ed. of his Anglo-Saxon Dictionary.
Bosworth, Newton. Accidents of Life, Lon., 1812.
Bosworth, William. The Chast and Lost Lovers
lively shadowed in the Persons of Arcadius and Sepha,
&c., Lon., 1561? Svo. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 65, £3 13s. 6d.
Warton remarks that it would appear from the following
passage in the preface to this volume, that Christopher Mar-
lowe was a favourite with Ben. Jonson.
"The strength of his fancy, and the shadowing of it in words,
he [Bosworth] taketh from Mr. Marlow in his Hero and Leander.
whose mighty lines Mr. Benjamin Ionson (a man sensible enough
of his own abilities) was often heard to say that they were examples
fitter for admiration than for parallel."
Boteler, Edward. Sermons, 1661, '62, '64. '66.
Boteler, Nath. Sermons, 1659. Dialogues, 1685, Svo.
Boteville, Francis, assisted Holinshed in his Chro-
nicles.
"A man of great learning and judgment, and a wonderful lover
of antiquitles.'
Botomley, S. Grace displayed, 1806.
Botoner, William, or William Worcester, b.
about 1415, d. 1490, a native of Bristol, England, studied at
Hart Hall, Oxford, 1434. Cicero de Senectute, 1475, trans.
from the French. Itinerary; Cantab., 1778, Svo. Anti-
quities of England. Abbreviations of the Learned, and
other works.
Bott, Edmund.
the Poor Laws, 1771.
Statutes and Decisions respecting
Bott, Thomas, 1688-1754, a divine of the Church of
England, pub. theolog. works, 1724-30. His best-known
work is An Answer to vol. 1st of Warburton's Divine Le-
gation of Moses, Lon., 1743, Svo.
"Mr. Bott seems to proceed in what may be called a Socratic
Logic. He grants for a time the proposition, and helps the oppo-
nent to confute himself, merely by showing him the absurd con-
sequences."
Mr. Warburton made no reply to this stricture.
Bottomley, J. A Dictionary of Music, 1816.
Boucher, John, d. 1818. Twenty-two Sermons, New-
castle, 1820, 12mo.
“They are for the most part plain and parochial Discourses upon
some important subjects of practical religion. The author was a
man of superior talents and of sound learning.”—Vide Preface.
Boucher, Jonathan, 1738-1804, a native of Cum-
berland, England, emigrated to America when 16, and re-
ceiving holy orders, became rector of Hanover, then of
St. Mary, Virginia, and subsequently rector of St. Anne,
Annapolis, and Queen Anne, in Prince George's county,
Maryland. A View of the Causes and Consequences of
the American Revolution, Lon., 1797, Svo. The Cumber-
land Man, 1792; (anon.) Two Assize Sermons, 1799, 4to.
Christian Remembrancer.
"Very good specimens of familiar parochial instruction."
→
pist, a native of Philadelphia. Age of Revelation, or the
Boudinot, Elias, 1740-1821, an eminent philanthro-
Age of Reason an Age of Infidelity, 1790; again, 1801.
Oration, 1793. Second Advent of the Messiah, 1815.
Star in the West, 1816. In this work Mr. B. expresses
the opinion that the N. American Indians compose the
Lost Tribes of Israel.
Boughen, Edward. Theolog. works, Lon., 1620-73.
Boughen, Edward. Serinon, 1714, Svo.
Boughton, Sir C. W. B. R. Sub. of a Speech,
1798, Svo.
Boughton, Sir G. B. Military and Political Con-
siderations relative to G. Britain and her Oriental Colonies,
1808, 8vo.
Boult, Swinton. The Law and Practice relative to
Joint-Stock Companies, Lon.
"A judicious pamphlet, well timed. and written by a man evi-
dently conversaut with the subject.”—Londem Standard.
It will be read with much interest by all who are concerned
in Joint-Stock Companies."-Albion.
Boulter, Hugh, 1671-1742, Bishop of Bristol, 1719,
Archbishop of Arinagh, Lord Primate of Ireland, 1724,
was born in or near London, and educated at Christ Church,
Oxford. His character was most exemplary. He pub.
eleven separate sermons, 1714-22, and several charges.
His Letters to several Ministers of State in England, rela-
tive to Transactions in Ireland, from 1724-38, were pub.
Oxf.. 1769-70, 2 vols. 8vo.
They contain the most authentic account of Ireland for the
period in which they were written.”—Editor of the Letters.
Boulton. Vindication of a Complete History of Ma-
gick. Sorcery, and Witchcraft, 1722, 8vo.
Boulton, Dean of Carlisle. Three Essays on the Em-
ployment of Time, Lon., 1754, Svo.
Boulton, D'Arcy. Sketch of U. Canada, 1805, 4to.
Boulton, Richard. Med. and other works, Lon.,
1697-1724.
Boulton, Samuel. Medicina magica tamen Phy
sica, Lon., 1656, and 1665, Svo. A curious work.
Boun, Abr. Tithes, 1650. The Clergy, 1651, Lon., 12me.
Bouncher, Samuel. Sermon, 1693, 4to.
Bound, Nic. See BowxD.
Bounden, Jos. Fatal Curiosity: a Poem, 1805, 12mo.
Bouquet, Henry. Account of the Exp. against the
Ohio Indians, &c., 1766, 4to. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.
Bour, Arthur. A Worthy Myrrour, wherein ye may
Marke an Excellent Discourse on a Breeding Larke, Lon.,
sine anno; broadside.
Bourchier, Sir John. See BERNERS, Lord.
Bourchier, Thomas. Historia Ecclesiastica do
Martyrio Fratrum Ordinis D. Francisci, &c., Paris, 1582,
Svo; in Brit. Museum and Bodleian Library. This volume
contains much interesting matter relative to Irish eccle-
siastical history.
Bourke, Jos., Abp. of Tuam. Sermon, 1776, 4to.
Bourke, Lt. Gen. Sir Richard, K.C.B., assisted
Earl Fitzwilliam in editing the correspondence (pub. in
1844) of Sir Richard's illustrious relative, the great Ed
mund Burke.
Bourke, Thomas. History of the Moors in Spain.
223
BOU
BOU
from their Invasion of that Coun.ry till their final Expul-
sion from it, Lon., 1811, 4to.
Bourke, Ulick, Marquis of Clanricarde. Memoirs
and Letters, containing Original Papers and Letters of
K. Charles II. and others from 1650 to 1653, &c., Lon.,
1722, 8vo. Memoirs and Letters; as above, 1641-53, Lon.,
1757, fol.
Bourn, Abr. Letter on the Ch. of England, 1755, 8vo.
Bourn, or Bourne, Immanuel, 1590-1672, a di-
vine of the Church of England, educated at Christ Church,
Oxford, preached at St. Sepulchre's, London. Theolog.
works, 1617-69.
"This person was well read in the fathers and schoolmen."
Athen. Oxon,
Bourn, Samuel, of Bolton. The Transforming Vi-
sion of Christ in the Future State, 1722, 8vo. A Sermon,
1722, 8vo.
Bourn, Samuel, of Birmingham. Twenty Sermons,
1755, Svo.
"The doctrine of the Destructionists is largely maintained in lin Pucket.
these sermons.”
Other sermons, 1738-54.
Bourn, Samuel, assistant to John Taylor, of Nor-
wich, was the founder of a sect of Universalists, called
after him, Bourneans. Fifty Sermons on Various Sub-
jects, Critical, Philosophical, and Moral, Norwich, 1777,
2 vols. 8vo. Other sermons, 1752, '60, '63.
His style is strong. nervous. and manly, clear, intelligible and
concise, and the structure of his sentences well adapted to the
pulpit."-Lon. Monthly Review.
Specimen of a good style for sermons."-JOB ORTON,
..
I
Bourn, Thomas. Gazetteer of the most Remarkable
Places in the World, Lon., 1807, 8vo; 3d edit., 1822, 8vo.
"We greatly approve this work."-Lon. Critical Review.
"Such a body of information and entertainment within the
same compass, we do not remember to have seen.”—Lơn. New
Monthly Mag.
Bourne, Benj. The Description and Confutation of
the Familists, Lon. 1646, 4to.
Bourne, Charles. 1. Proceedings, &c. in K. Bench.
2. Rules, &c. of K. Bench, 1783-85.
“Each number of Mr. Boutell's collection might form the text
Bourn, Samuel. Treatises on Wheel Carriages, Lon., of a monograph on Medieval Costume in its three great divisions,
Military, Ecclesiastical, and Secular."-Archæological Journal, vol.
1768, 73, Svo.
vi. p. 91.
Bourne, Rev. Henry. Antiquitates Vulgares: or,
The Antiquities of the Common People, Newcastle, 1725,
Svo. This work was repub. in 1777, Svo, at Newcastle,
with copious additions, by John Brand; again, Lon., 1810,
8vo; and a new edition greatly enlarged, Lon., 1813, 2
vols. 4to, by Sir Henry Ellis. See Quarterly Review, xi.
259-285; BRAND, JOHN. IIistory of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Newc., 1736, fol. In the compilation of this work, Mr. B.
was under obligations to Christopher Hunter, M.D. See
Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, vol. viii. 283.
Ca-
Bourne, John. Railways in India, Lon., Svo.
techism of the Steam Engine, Lon., 12mo.
“No book ever published conveys more useful and practical in-
formation on the subject than this Catechism. As a popular trea-
tise, it is, beyond comparison, the best and fullest we have yet
seen."-Lon. Railway Gazette.
Treatise on the Steam Engine, Lon., 4to.
"Of priceless value to engine-makers and engine-users, contain
ing a vast amount of practical information on the subject of the
steam engine, such as is to be met with nowhere else."-Lon. Me-
chanics Mag.
Treatise on the Screw Propeller, 4to.
Bourne, J. C. 1. Views on the Great Western Rail-
way, Lon., 1846, fol., £4 148. 6d. 2. Views on the London
and Birmingham Railway, 1839, fol., £4 148. 6d.
ral poetry who have seen the translations of Vincent Bourne, par
ticularly those of the ballads of Tweedside, William and Margaret,
and Rowe's Despairing beside a clear stream, of which it is no com-
pliment to say, that in sweetness of numbers, and elegant expres
sion, they are at least equal to the originals, and scarce inferior to
any thing in Ovid or Tibullus."-Beattie's Essays. See also Hay-
ley's Life of Cowper; Welch's Westminster Scholars; Canta
brigienses Graduati; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Bourne, William. Almanack for 1571, 72, 73, Lon.,
1571, Svo. Inuentions, or Deuises, 1578, 4to. The Trea-
nacke for 10 years, 1580, Svo. A Regiment for the Sea,
sure for Travellers, 1578, 4to. A curious work. Alma-
1584, 4to. The Arte of Shooting in Great Ordinance,
1587, 4to.
Bourns, Charles. The Principles and Practice of
Surveying, Lon., Svo, 3d edit.
"It contains all that is required to render it not only a source
of instruction, but also a most excellent work of reference.".
Mining Journal.
"On Engineering Surveying there is much valuable informa-
tion, which subject has hitherto been strangely neglected."-Dub-
Bourne, Nic. Dispute, concerning Religion, between
Nic. Bourne and the Ministers of the Kirk of Scotland,
Paris, 1581, Svo.
Bourne, Robert, M.D., 1769-1830, Oxon., 1787,
Professor of the Practice of Physic in the University of
Oxford. Introduc. Lect. to a Course on Chemistry, Lon.,
1797, 8vo. Oratio, Lon., 1797, 4to. Cases of Pulmonary
Consumption, &c., Lon., 1805, 8vo.
Lett. to Ld. King on Bankers, 1804.
Quaker works, 1790-93, Svo.
Obs. on Burke's Pamph., Lon.,
Bouse, Henry.
Bousell, John.
Bousfield, Benj.
1791, Svo.
Boutcher, Wm. On Forest Trees; with Directions
for planting Hedges, &c., Lon., 1772, 4to.
Boutell, Rev. Charles. Christian Monuments in
England and Wales, Lon., r. Svo. The Monumental Brasses
of England; 149 engravings on wood, r. Svo, and fol.
Monumental Brasses and Slabs; with 200 illustrations,
Svo, and r. Svo.
The whole work has a look of painstaking completeness,
highly commendable."-London Athenæum.
"I consider it a work of great value. It is evidently the result
of a careful consideration, not only of the different branches of
astronomy properly so called, (as embodied in the publication of
various kinds which have attracted great attention in the presen
day, especially the records of new classes and with new instru
ments,) but also of the collateral sciences,-optics, for example.
So far as I know, no work which I have seen, of a partly-familiar
character, contains so much accurate information on astronomy.
-GEO. BIDDELL AIRY, Astronomer Royal of England, Nov. 4, 1856.
"I consider it a work very well calculated to give an accurate
knowledge of the principal facts of astronomy and to prepare a
young student for the perusal of works of a more abstruse and
technical nature."-SIR JOHN F. W. HERSCHEL, March 2, 1857.
Bourne, Vincent, d. 1747, an usher in Westminster
school, was elected to the University of Cambridge in 1714.
His Latin poetry was greatly admired. Poemata, Lon.,
1734, 8vo. Poemata Latine partim reddita, partim scripta,
Lon., 1750, 12mo. Miscell. Poems, Originals and Trans-
lations, Lon., 1772, 4to. Poetical Works, with his Letters,
Lon., 1808, 2 vols. 12mo. Cowper, who was his pupil at
Westminster, speaks of his poetry in the highest terms:
"Familiar Astronomy' is a work exhibiting the scientific zeal
and intelligence of its author; and from the method of question
and answer it appears to be admirably adapted for teaching that
delightful science."-REAR-ADMIRAL W. H. SMYTH.
"I love the memory of Vinny Bourne. I think him a better
Latin Poet than Tibullus, Propertius, Ausonius, or any of the
writers in his way, except Ovid, and not at all inferior to him.”
"I have inspected the greater part of the volume, and bave formed
a very high opinion of it and of the genius and laborious investiga
tions of the authoress. It is a work which embraces almost every
thing requisite for imparting to general readers a knowledge of
Dr. Beattie, referring to Boileau's ignorance of any good every branch of astronomical science; and the information it com
poets in England till Addison presented him with the municates is both ample and correct. The volume is handsomely
got up: the pictorial illustrations are beautiful and accurate, par.
Muse Anglicanæ, remarks that
ticularly those which exhibit the nebule and other phenomena of
"Those foreigners must entertain a high opinion of our pasto- the sidereal heavens."-DR. DICK, Dec. 27, 1856.
Bouverie,Sophia. St. Justin, Lon., 1808,3 vols.12mo.
Bouvet, T. 1. Muscovite Empire. 2. Life of Emperor
Cang-hy, Lon., 1699, Svo. At the time when this work was
published, very little was known of China and its people.
Within the last twenty years (1836-56) many valuable
works on these subjects have appeared.
Bouvier, Hannah M., b. 1811, at Philadelphia, only
child of the succeeding, and the inheritor of his ardent love
of knowledge, devotion to study, and remarkable powers
of mental analysis, in addition to the ordinary routine of
a liberal education, has cultivated with eminent success
the higher branches of astronomical science. In 1857, she
gave to the world the results of her studious application in
a volume entitled Familiar Astronomy; or, An Intro-
duction to the Study of the Heavens, Illustrated by Celes-
tial Maps and upwards of 200 finely-executed Engravings.
To which is added A Treatise on the Globes, and a Com-
prehensive Astronomical Dictionary, [with a copious
Index,] for the Use of Schools, Families, and Private Stu-
dents, Phila., 1857, 8vo, pp. 499. This admirable manual
at once elicited the enthusiastic commendation of many of
the most distinguished astronomers both in Great Britain
and America,-viz.: Lord Rosse, Sir John F. W. Herschel,
Sir David Brewster, Rear-Admiral W. H. Smyth, J. Russell
Hind, John Narrien, G. B. Airy, J. P. Nichol, Dr. Lardner,
Dr. Dick, William Lassell, George Bishop, A. De Morgan,
Rev. W. R. Dawes, W. C. Bond, B. A. Gould, Jr., Lieut.
Maury, Denison Olmsted, W. H. C. Bartlett, Stephen Alex-
ander, and Elias Loomis. We annex a few quotations from
these opinions:
221
BOU
BOW
"The leading facts of astronomy up to the present time are ac
curately and clearly stated: and in the selection of materials. the
arrangement and style, the work appears to be the best elementary
book I have seen."-LORD Rosse, the owner of the great Rosse
Telescope.
"In this list we must not omit mention of a remarkable Ameri-
can woman, who has achieved signal success in the science of
astronomy,—who, in fact, may justly be termed the Mary Somer-
ville of the United States."—TRÜBNER: Bibliographical Guide,
new ed., 1858.
Bouvier, John, 1787-1851, Recorder of the City of
Philadelphia, Associate Judge of the Court of Criminal
Sessions in the same city, and an eminent legal writer,
was a native of the village of Codognan in the department
of Gard, in the south of France. Having been a resident
of America since his 15th year, and identifying his name
with American and English jurisprudence, we need make
no apology for enrolling the name of Judge Bouvier in a
list of British and American authors. The first indication
which John Bouvier exhibited of that remarkable power
of analysis which eminently distinguished his mind, was
the production of an abridgment of Blackstone's Commen-
taries, the fruit of his leisure hours whilst preparing for
admission to the bar. In 1839 he pub. a work, which,
with all the rest of his useful and laborious compilations,
has attained great and deserved popularity:
A Law Dictionary, adapted to the Constitution and
Laws of the United States of America, and of the several
States of the American Union; with References to the
Civil and other Systems of Foreign Law. Phila., 2 vols.
4th edit. revised, improved, and greatly enlarged, Phila.,
1853, 2 vols. r. 8vo. The following excellent mottoes,
than which nothing better could have been chosen, appear
on the title-page:
"Ignorantis terminis ignorantur et ars."-Co. LITT. 2 a.
"Je sais que chaque science et chaque art a ses termes propres,
inconnu au commun des hommes.”—FLEURY.
A layman's commendation of a profound professional
work very properly carries with it but little weight. For
this cause, and other obvious reasons, we have always
preferred, in our Encyclopædia, to adduce the opinions of
eminent authorities upon works respecting which similar
pursuits had authorized a judgment at once intelligent and
ex cathedra.
·
"Immediately on its appearance, this work received the entire
and cordial approval of our most eminent jurists. such as Story and
Kent, Greenleaf, Randall, and Baldwin. and was received with
equal approbation in other lands. Joy. the distinguished Irish
writer of 'Letters on Legal Education in England and Ireland, not
only commended it in his volume as a work of a most elaborate
character as compared with English works of a similar nature.'
but in a private letter to its author expressed his sense of his high
reputation. To this work the Judge had devoted the most unre-
mitting labour for ten years; and during the remainder of his life
he spent much time on its improvement. Many of its articles
were rewritten. and large additions made to it. so that the fourth edi-
tion may be said to be the work of nearly a quarter of a century."
-Fron the National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans.
"Bouvier's Law Dictionary is the best book of the kind in use
for the American lawyer. It contains sufficient reference to Eng
lish and foreign law, with a very full synopsis of such portions of
American jurisprudence as require elucidation. In the second
edition the author recast many of the titles, and added about a
thousand new ones. By means of correspondence with members
of the bar in different states. and by a careful examination of local
treatises, the author has produced not only a good American Law
Dictionary, but one sufficiently local for all practical purposes."
Marvin's Legal Bibliography, p. 138.
Extract of a Letter to Judge Bouvier from Chief Justice Story:
"A very important and most useful addition to our judicial
literature. It supplies a defect in our libraries, where the small
dictionaries are so brief as to convey little information of an accu-
rate nature to students, and the large oues are rather compen-
diums of the law, than explanatory statements of terms. Yours
has the great advantage of an intermediate character. It defines
terms, and occasionally explains subjects, so as to furnish students
at once the means and the outlines of knowledge. I will feel
greatly honoured by the dedication of the work to me, &c. With
the highest respect, truly your obliged friend, JOSEPH STORY."
"I have run over almost every article in it, and beg leave to add,
that I have been deeply impressed with the evidences throughout
the volumes, of the industry, skill, learning, and judgment with
which the work has been compiled."-CHANCELLOR KENT.
"Not only the best which has been published, but in itself a
valuable acquisition to the bar and bench, by which both will
profit."-HoN. JUDGE BALDWIN, U. S. Supreme Court.
"One of the most useful works of the kind in print.”—Hox.
JUDGE RANDALL, U. S. District Court.
"For extent of research, clearness of definitions and illustration,
variety of matter and exactness of learning, it is not surpassed by
any in use, and, on every account, I think, is preferable to them
all."-HON, JUDGE GREENLEAF.
I
lisher of Philadelphia, a son-in-law of Judge Bouvier,
took charge of a portion of another volume. With this
exception, the whole of this Herculean task devolved upon
our indefatigable author, who completed it in the intervals
of business in only four years!
"Among other improvements, he prepared the first index it ever
had. for each volumé. and a general one for the whole. A single
sentence as to the character of this work. as it came from his hands.
would be entirely superfluous." See BACON, Matthew.
Judge Bouvier had now earned a substantial claim to
which he had endeavoured to provide for the student a
the gratitude of the profession, by the laborious zeal with
clue through the apparently interminable labyrinth of
which he had endeavoured to for the student a
statute and common law. But he had long felt the need
of a compendious, yet easily comprehensible, summary of
American law, which should at once serve as a guide to
ledge, perhaps acquired in earlier years, but now partially
the youthful student, and as a convenient digest of know-
forgotten, by the "Gamaliels of the profession." The
mind of no man can be guaranteed as "marble to retain,"
and between that which we never knew, and that which
we know not when we need it, there is for practical pur,
poses but little difference.
The analytical system of Pothier was held by our author
in great admiration. His mind was essentially of the same
cast-delighting in rigid analysis of subject, scrupulous
care in classification, and severe accuracy in definition
and terminology. It is well known that the compilers of
warded their labours to the Pandecta Justinianeæ, and
the Code Napoleon owe much of the credit which has re-
undertake a compend of American law, based upon the
other works of Pothier. Judge Bouvier determined to
method of Pothier. Finding his own views as to the sys-
tematical arrangement of legal subjects confirmed by so
eminent an authority, he was strengthened by that en-
couragement which mental assimilation always confers
upon men of remarkable grasp of intellect.
When con-
templating "enterprises of great pith and moment," it is
a great satisfaction to the adventurer to find that others.
have been inflamed by the same zeal, and buoyed up under
difficulties by a like hope. The sailor who "hugs the
coast," cares little for companionship; but he who en-
counters a fellow-mariner on the wide waste of waters feels
the consolations of sympathy and continues his voyage
with renewed courage. That we may not be suspected of
under-estimation of labours of which we must necessarily
be an incompetent judge, we shall strengthen our position
by some brief extracts from some of the most learned “opi-
nions" of which the American bench and bar can boast.
<
The Institutes of American Law was pub. in 1851, in 4
vols. Svo. The author may be said to have died in the
harness:" in two months after he had the gratification of
seeing the result of his arduous labours given to the world,
he was gathered to the "house appointed for all living."
order and arrangement of the subjects of which it treats, could
"It is a work of very great value.... The general plan, and the
not, I think, be improved. And I may say the same thing of the
manner in which the plan is carried into execution. For every
principle and rule is stated with brevity and perspicuity, and sup
ported by proper reference."-Hox. ROGER B. TANEY, Chi f Justice
of the United States.
I know of no work which shows so much research, and which
embodies so generally the elementary principles of American Law,
as the Institutes of Mr. Bouvier. His name is most favourably
mistaken if his Institutes shall not add to his high reputation as
known to the profession by his previous works; and 1 am greatly
an able and learned law-writer. The Institutes ought not only to
of every lawyer."-Hos. Joux MCLEAN, Associate Judge of the Su-
be found in the hands of every student of law, but on the shelf
preme Court of the United States.
..
It forms a valuable addition to legal science, and is well calcu
lated to become a text-book for students."-Hox, JoHN M. READ.
Judges Wayne, Greenleaf, Green, Grier, Irwin, and Kane,
add their testimony to the high authorities quoted above.
Bovet, Richard. Pandæmonium, or the Devil's Cloy-
ster; being a Further Blow to Modern Sadduccism, proving
the Existence of Witches and Spirits, Lon., 1684, Svo.
Bovyer, R. G. Education for the Infant Poor, 181L
Bowack, John. Antiquities of Middlesex: Parts 1
and 2. all pub., Lon., 1705, fol.
Bowater, John. Sermon, Lon., 1694, Svo.
Bowber, Thomas. Sermon, 1805, 4to.
Bowchier, Josh. Hæreticus Triumphatus, Oxon., 1719.
Bowchier, Richard. Sermon, Lon., 1692, 4to.
Bowden, A. Treatise on the Dry Rot, Lon., 1815, Sva.
Bowden, James. Covenant-Right of Infants as to
Baptism, Lon., 12mo. Family Conversations, 12mo. His-
tory of the Society of Friends in America, p. Svo. Reli-
s
In 1841 Judge Bouvier undertook the laborious task of
the preparation of a new edition of Bacon's Abridgment
of the Law, in 10 r. Svo volumes, including about 8.000
pages. One of these volumes was edited by Judge Ran-gious Education Enforced, 12mo.
all; and Mr. Robert E. Peterson, the well-known pub-
Bowden, John. Epitaph-Writer; containing 600
16
225
BOW
BOW
Bowden, John. Serm., 1704, '15?
Bowden, John, D.D., d. 1817, aged 65, Professor of
Belles-Lettres and Moral Philosophy in Columbia College,
New York, was an Episcopal clergyman for more than forty
years. In 1787, he was rector of Norwalk. He was elected
Bishop of Connecticut, but, as he declined, Dr. Jarvis was
appointed. Dr. B. pub. A Letter to E. Styles, 1787, and
The Apostolic Origin of Episcopacy, in a Series of Letters
to Dr. Miller, 2 vols. 8vo, 1808.
Epitaphs, Moral, Admonitory, Humorous, and Satirical, expected to have originated-or, at least, to have been carried intc
execution-in that quarter. The first volume only has as yet
Lon., 1791, 12mo.
reached us; and when we consider the great difficulty of printing
works of this nature, to say nothing of the heavy and probably
unremunerated expense, we are not surprised at the delay of the
second. Meanwhile, the part actually completed (which contains
the first two books of Laplace's work) is, with few and slight ex-
ceptions, just what we could have wished to see an exact and
careful translation into very good English-exceedingly well
printed, and accompanied with notes appended to each page, which
leave no step in the text of moment unsupplied, and hardly any
material difficulty either of conception or reasoning unelucidated.
To the student of Celestial Mechanism' such a work must be in-
valuable."-Lin. Quarterly Review, vol. xlvii. 1832.
Bowden, John William. The Life and Pontificate
of Gregory VII., [Hildebrand,] 2 vols. Svo, Lon, 1840. See
a review in Brit. Critic, xxix. 280.
Bowden, Joseph. Serms., Lon., 1804, Svo. Prayers
and Discourses for the Use of Families, 1816, 8vo.
"The subjects of these Sermons are of a practical nature, and
the preacher discourses on them with calmness and simplicity.”
Lon. Month. Rev.
Bowden, Thomas. The Fariner's Director; or, Com-
pendium of English Husbandry, Lon., Svo. Donaldson
(in Agricult. Biog.) places this work under 1803 and also
under 1809.
Bowdich, Thomas Edward, 1790–1824, a native
of Bristol. 1. Mission from Cape Coast Castle to Ashantee,
Lon., 1819, 4to.
"A work of considerable importance, from the account it gives
us of a people hitherto almost entirely unknown, and from the
light which the very diligent and laborious inquiries of Mr. Bow-
dich have thrown upon the geography of Africa.”—Edin. Rev.
2. Trans. Mollien's Travels to the Sources of the Senegal
and Gambia. 3. British and French Expedition to Teembo.
4. Account of the Discoveries of the Portuguese in Angola
and Mozambique, 1824, Svo. 5. Excursions in Madeira
and Porto Santo, &c., 1825, 4to. This was pub. by his
widow. Three works, illustrated, on Mammalia, Birds,
and Shells. Other works and essays.
Bowditch, Nathaniel, LL.D., 1773-1838, a native
of Salem, Massachusetts, has won an enduring reputation
by his translation of, accompanied with a commentary on,
the Mécanique Céleste of La Place, pub. in 4 large 4to
vols., Boston, 1829, '32, '34, '38. The example of Bowditch.
should operate as a stimulus to the ambition of every un-
educated youth who desires to supply the defects of earlier
years. The son of a cooper, he was taken from school at
the age of ten years, and apprenticed to a ship-chandler.
On attaining his majority, he went to sea as an inferior
officer in a merchant vessel. So great was his thirst for
knowledge, and so accurate his powers of observation,
that he had arranged an Almanac, complete in all its parts,
at the age of 15. His first publication was The Practical
Navigator.
"Scarcely surpassed in usefulness by any of the time, and im-
mediately driving all others of the same class out of circulation."
—N. American Review.
|
The English edit. of this work, edited by Kirby, was
pub. in London by Mr. Hardy, 1802, 8vo. By accident he
obtained a copy of Newton's Principia, and taught himself
Latin that he might read the work, and he made a transla-
tion of the whole.
He made four voyages to the East Indies, and one to
Europe, and at the age of 30 became President of an In-
surance Company in his native town. This office he held
for twenty years, when he was transferred to the place of
Actuary of the Massachusetts Life Insurance Company,
which post he held for the rest of his life. He lived to
superintend through the press the whole of his translation
of La Place, with the exception of the pages post 1000 of
vol. iv. The expense of publication was estimated at
$10,000, (which it exceeded,) and although the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences and some of his personal
friends offered to issue the work at their own cost, he de-
clined their liberal proposal, and determined, with the
consent of his family, to undertake it himself. Their
decision as to whether he should expend one-third of
his fortune in this enterprise deserves to be recorded.
His wife, without whose encouragement Bowditch often
declared his great work would never have seen the light,
urged him to give the result of his labours to the world,
and promised to make any sacrifice which would facilitate
his plans. His children urged him to go on: "We value
your reputation more than your money," was their noble
response. The work was most favourably received.
"The idea of undertaking a translation of the whole Mécanique
Céleste. accompanied throughout with a copious running comment-
ary, is one which savours, at first sight, of the gigantesque, and is
certainly one which, from what we have hitherto had reason to
conceive of the popularity and diffusion of mathematical know-
ledge on the opposite shores of the Atlantic, we should never have
See Review by B. Peirco in N. American Review, xlviii.
143: also notices of Bowditch, in American Jour of
228; Amer. Quar. Reg., xi. 309; Oration by Mr. Pickering
Science, xxxv. 1; Hunt's Mag., i. 33; Am. Almanac, 1836,
before the American Academy; Discourse by Judge White;
Private Memoir by N. I. Bowditch, Bost., 1839.
Bowditch, Nathaniel Ingersoll, eldest son of the
preceding, b. in Salem, Mass., removed to Boston, 1823. 1.
Memoir of Nathaniel Bowditch, prefixed to Mécanique C6-
leste, 1839; 2d ed., 1840, 4to. 2. History of the Massa-
chusetts General Hospital, 1851, Svo. 3. Suffolk Surnames,
Bost., 1857; 2d ed., enlarged, 1858, Svo.
Bowditch, Samuel. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1713.
Bowdler, Miss E. Sermons on the Doctrine and
Duties of Christianity, Lon., 1828, 12mo. Of these Ser-
mons, 43 editions had been sold in 1836. Bishop Portens
admired them so bighly that he directed the publisher to
inform their clerical author that he would provide him
with "a living" in his gift. Poems and Essays, &c.
the Revelation of St. John; 2d edit., Bath, 1800, 12mo.
Bowdler, Mrs. H. M. Practical Observations on
Designed for those who have not leisure or inclination to
examine the prophetical meaning of the Apocalypse.
Many such readers will doubtless be found: and whoever
takes up the book with a serious mind, will be edified by the good
sense, piety, and modesty of the writer."-Bril. Critic, O. S. vol. xvi.
Pen Tamar, or the History of an Old Maid, Lon., Svo.
Written with great simplicity." Lon. Monthly Review.
Other works.
..
..
Bowdler, John. Reform or Ruin, Lon., 1779, 8vo.
Select Pieces in
Bowdler, John, Jr., barrister.
Prose and Verse, Lon., 1818, 2 vols. Svo.
The peculiar value of these volumes is the combination of
talent. of taste, and of piety which they exhibit.”—-Lon. Q. Rev.
Theological Tracts, 1818, 12mo.
“ An able writer.”—BICKERSTETII.
Offices, and Character of Jesus Christ, Lon., 2 vols. Svo.
Bowdler, Thomas, 1782-1857. Serms. on the Nature,
Other works.
Bowdler, Thos., 1754-1825. Letters from Holland,
Lon., 1788, Svo. Life of General Villettes, &c., 1815, Svʊ.
Liberty, Civil and Religious, 1816, 8vo. The Family
Shakspeare; in which nothing is added to the original
Text; but those Words and Expressions are omitted which
cannot with Propriety be read aloud in a Family, Lon.,
8 vols. Svo, £4 148. 6d.; and 10 vols. r. 18mo, £3 38.
"We are of opinion, that it requires nothing more than a notice,
to bring this very meritorious publication into general circulation.
It is quite undeniable, that there are many passages, in Shaks
peare, which a father could not read aloud to his children; a bro-
ther to his sister; or a gentleman to a lady. Mr. Bowdler has
only effaced those gross indecencies which every one must have
felt as blemishes, and by the removal of which no imaginable ex
moval, the work generally appears more natural and harmonious
cellence can be affected. So far from being missed on their re-
without them.”—Edin. Rev., No. 71. See Athen. 1858, Pt. 2, 233.
Family Gibbon; reprinted from the Original Text, with
the careful Omission of all Passages of an irreligious or
immoral Tendency, 5 vols. Svo, £3 38.
Bowdoin, James, 1727-1790, Governor of Massa-
chusetts, was author of a poetic Paraphrase of the Econo-
my of Human Life, 1759. He also pub. a philosophical
discourse, addressed to the American Academy of Arts
and Sciences in Boston, 1780-the year in which he be-
came president of the Institution. This, and several other
papers of his, will be found in the first vol. of the Society's
Memoirs.
These productions manifest no common taste and talents in
astronomical inquiries."
Bowdoin, James, 1752-1811, son of the preceding,
minister of the United States to Spain, pub. a trans. of
Dauberton's Advice to Shepherds; Opinions respecting
the Commercial Intercourse between the United States
and Great Britain, (anon.)
Bowen, Mrs. Kenilworth Castle, and other Poems,
Lon., 8vo. Ystradffin; a Descriptive Poem, 8vo.
Bowen, Captain. A Statement of Facts, 1791, 8vo.
Bowen, Eli, b. 1824, in Lancaster co., Penn. 1. Coal
226
BOW
BOW
Regions of Pennsylvania, Svo. 2. The U. S. Post-Office
System, 8vo. 3. Pictorial Sketch-Book of Pennsylvania,
8vo. 4. Rambles in the Path of the Steam-Horse, 8vo.
Bowen, Emanuel. English Atlas, Lon., 1747, 2
vols. fol. A Complete Atlas, Lon., 1752, fol.
|
"
Bowen, Francis, b. Sept. 8, 1811, at Charlestown,
Mass.; grad. at Harvard Coll., 1833; Alford Prof. of Na-
tural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity in Har-
vard Coll.; editor of the N. Amer. Rev., 1843-54. Essays
on Speculative Philosophy, Bost., 1842, 12mo: see notice in
Eclec. Mag., v. 215. Virgil, with English Notes, Bost., 8vo.
Lowell Lectures on the Application of Metaphysical and
Ethical Science to the Evidences of Religion, Bost., 1849, 8vo.
See notices in Chris. Exam., xlviii. 88; Chris. Rev., xv. 78.
Mr. Bowen's Lectures were received with very great satisfaction,
as they were delivered before auditors fit, and yet not few. Now
that they are in print, we believe that they will be regarded as ex-
hibiting signal ability, and as possessing very high merits, by
those who, not having been hearers, shall give them a careful po-
rusal. . . . We shall be disappointed if his volume is not received
as a most valuable contribution to speculative philosophy, not
merely by men of the conservative and cautious schools, but by
the mass of those deliberate and unprejudiced readers who know
not that they belong to any party.
We commend this volume,
first of all, because it is written in the vernacular tongue. in
good, wholesome English. It is free from barbarisms, Ger-
nanisms, and all affectations. The author knew what he wished
to say, and he said it in a way to let us know what it was."-
Christian Examiner.
To Mr. Bowen we are indebted for an edition, revised
and corrected, with an addition of a History of the U.
States, of Dr. Weber's Outlines of Universal History,
Boston, r. Svo.
Documents of the Constitution of England and America
from Magna Charta to the Federal Constitution of 1789,
compiled and edited, with Notes, Cambridge, 1854, Svo.
Dugald Stewart's Elements of the Philosophy of the
Human Mind; revised and abridged, with Critical and
Explanatory Notes, for the Use of Colleges and Schools,
Bost. and Camb., 12mo, 1854. Principles of Political
Economy Applied to the Condition, Resources, and Insti-
tutions of the American People, Bost., 1856, Sro. See
favourable reviews in Christian Examiner, and North
American Review, April, 1856.
"Francis Bowen is a clear, forcible, independent thinker, and
has much precision and energy of style. His contributions on
metaphysical subjects, and on the principles of law and govern-
ment, are of a very high character. He is a man of large acquire-
He is a man of large acquire-
ments both in literature aud philosophy."-Griswold's Prose-Wri-
ters of America.
Bowen, James, Surgeon. Con. to Med. Com., 1785.
Bowen, Malcom.
Construction of Sails of Ships,
1805, 4to.
Bowen, Pardon, M.D., 1757-1826, R.I., pub. an
elaborate account of the Yellow Fever of Providence, in
Hosack's Med. Reg., vol. iv. See Thacher's Med. Biog.
Bowen, Samuel. Sermon on Ps. xviii. 46, Svo.
Bowen, T. J. Central Africa: Adventures and Mis-
sionary Labors in Several Countries in the Interior of Africa
from 1849 to 1856, Charleston, S.C., 1857, 12mo.
"On the whole, we can commend-the book as fit and seasonable."
-Lon. Athenæum, July 4, 1857.
Bowen, Thomas. Thoughts on the Necessity of
Moral Discipline in Prisons as Preliminary to the Reli-
gious Instruction of Offenders, Lon., 1777-98, Svo. Ser-
mons, 1798-99, 4to. Bethlehem Hospital, 1783, 4to.
Bower, Alex. An Account of the Life of James
Beattie, LL.D, in which are occasionally given Characters
of the Principal Literary Men and a Sketch of the State
of Literature in Scotland during the last century, 1804, Svo.
"This narrative will be perused with pleasure by those who are
satisfied with plain facts recorded in plain language.”—London |
Monthly Review, 1805.
The Life of Luther; with an Account of the Early Pro-
gress of the Reformation, Svo.
·
History of the University of Edinburgh, 3 vols. Svo.
Bower, Archibald, 1686–1766, a native of Dundee,
Scotland, was educated at the Scots College, Douay, re
moved to Rome in 1706, and became a Jesuit in 1712.' In
1726 he came to England, having fled from the Inquisition
at Macerata, of which he was an officer, and about 1732
he conformed to the Church of England. He was read-
mitted into the order of the Jesuits about 1744, after
which he again became a Protestant. His wife declared
that he died in the Protestant faith; his will contains no
declaration as to his final religious opinions. It is difficult
to tell what degree of credit to allow either to his repre-
sentations or to the charges of his enemies, but there is
enough doubt upon the subject to prevent his being very
zealously claimed by either the Church of England or
that of Rome.
Whilst living with Lord Aylmer, he undertook the charge
of the Historia Literaria; or an Exact and Early Account
of the most Valuable Books published in the several Parts
of Europe: pub. monthly, 1730-34, 4 vols. 8vo. He wrote
the preface to this work, and several of the articles in
Italian, being as yet unskilled in the English language.
Sec Review of Reviews, by the author of this Dictionary, in
Putnam's Monthly Mag., New York, vol. i. and ii., 1853-54.
From 1734 to 1744 he was employed by the proprietors
of the Universal History, in writing for that work the
Roman History, which Psalmanazar (who wrote most of
the other portions of the Ancient History in that collec-
tion) declares that he did very ill. See Psalmanazar's
Life, p. 308. Bower also edited the second edition of the
Universal History, and received £200 for doing very little,
and that done so badly as to require careful revision. Th
value of this extensive series, 1749-66, bound in 65 vols.
sometimes in a fewer number, is not to be disputed.
"I generally consult the Universal History, a work of great
merit.and perhaps not sufficiently valued."—Lutler's Hora Biblica.
find. either in the text or references. every historical information
"Consult the volumes of the Universal History, where you will
which can well be required.”—Prof. Smyth's Lect, on Modern Hat.
Warburton refers to the infamous rhapsody, called the
Universal History-miserable trash," but of all Literary
Bull Dogs, perhaps the bosom friend of Pope was the most
dogmatic. Gibbon's opinion draws a just discrimination :
*
The excellence of the first part of the Universal History is ge
nerally admitted. The History of the Macedonians is executed
with much erudition. taste. and judgment. The history would be
invaluable, were all its parts of the same merit."-Miscell. Wirls.
Mr. Swinton gave Dr. Johnson a list of the authors, which
will be found in a note from the doctor to Nichols, Dec. 6,
tion to the publication of a History of the Popes, a portion
1784. (Boswell's Johnson.) Bower now turned his atten-
work was pub. at intervals from 1748-66, 7 vols. 4to.
of which he says he had prepared whilst at Rome. This
the year in which his 1st vol. appeared, he was appointed
Ia
Librarian to Queen Caroline. This history led to a warm
controversy. His character was attacked as entirely un-
worthy of credit, and sufficient evidence was produced to
ruin his reputation with the public at large, notwithstand-
ing his exculpatory pamphlets. (pub. 1756-61.) His tried
friend, Lord Lyttelton, however, refused to credit any
thing against Bower:
"The merit of the work will bear it up against all these attacks;
and as to the ridiculous story of my having discarded him, the in-
timate friendship in which we continue to live will be a sufficient
answer to that, and better than any testimony formally given."-
Lord Lyttelton to Dr. Doddridge, Oct. 1751.
In 1757 an abridgment of the first four vols. of the His-
tory of the Popes was pub. in French, at Amsterdam. An
idea of the incompetency of the author for the production
of a great historical work, may be inferred from the fact
that he compresses the eventful history of the Church from
1600 to 1758 into 26 pages!
When Bower can confirm his position by history, we
give him credence; where his assertions only are in court,
we give the accused the benefit of the doubt. See the
Rev. Henry Temple's strictures, entitled Bower Detected
as an Historian; or, His Many Essential Omissions and
More Essential Perversions of Facts in Favour of Popery
Demonstrated, Lon., 1758, Svo; also see DOUGLASS,
BISHOP.
Bower, Edward. Dr. Lamb Revived, &c.: 2 tracts
upon Witchcraft, Lon.. 1653, 4to.
Bower, John.
Con. to Annals of Med., 1802.
Bower, John, Jr. Abbey of Melrose, 1813, Svo.
Bower, Thomas, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1717.
Bower, Walter. Prologues in John Fordun's Scoti
Chron., edit. Tho. Hearne: see FORDUN, J. On Fordun's
work much of the early history of Scotland is founded.
Bower, William. Miscell. Tracts, Lon., 1788, 4to.
Bowerbank, John. Journal on the Bellerophon, 1815.
Bowerbank, John Scott, b. 1797, in London, a
distinguished naturalist. Contrib. valuable papers to the
Entomological Mag., Trans. Microscopical Soc., (princi-
Pally on the Sponges,) Trans. Geol. Soc., Trans. Palaon-
tographical Soc.,-which he founded in 1948.-and to
Mag. of Nat. Hist.. History of the Fossil Fruits and
Seeds of the London Clay, 1840, r. Svo.
Bowerbank, T. F., M.D. A Sermon, 1815. 8vo.
Bowers, Thomas, Bp. of Chichester. Serm.1722,8vo
Apology for the French Reformed or Evangel. Christians,
Bowes, Sir Jerome. Trans. from the French of an
Lon., 1579, 8vo.
of Elizabeth, 1682, fol.
Bowes, Paul. Journal of Parliament in the Reigu
Bowes, Thomas. Trans. of the Second Part of
Primaudaye's Frenche Academie, Lon., 1594, 4to.
227
BOW
BOW
Sermon, 1716, Svo.
Concio ad Clerum Cantuariensem,
Bowick, William.
Bowle, John.
Lon., 1612, 4to.
Bowle, John, 1725-1788, known by his friends as
Don Bowle, from his attachment to Spanish literature,
was educated at Oriel College, Oxford. Entering into holy
orders, he was presented to the vicarage of Idmeston,
Wilts, where he continued until his death. He was a man
of great erudition, and was the principal detector of Lau-
der's forgeries. See LAUDER, WILLIAM.
Miscell. Pieces of English Ancient Poesie, 1765. A
Letter to Dr. Percy, respecting a new and classical edition
of Don Quixote, 1777. He pub. his edit. of Don Quixote in
1781, in 6 vols. 4to! The first 4 contain the text, the 5th
is composed of annotations, and the 6th gives a copious
index. The subscription price was three guineas. This
enormes enterprise proved a failure. However, let the
lover of Spanish lore fail not to secure a copy if he can.
So resolved that odd antiquary, Rev. Michael Tyson:
**
|
Is Bowle's Don Quixote published, or not? Though I did not
chuse to seem to be acquainted with the Editor by appearing
amongst the Subscribers, yet I like Cervantes so much that I
must make a swop, or truck, with Tom Payne for the book.".
Tyson to Gough: Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. viii.; and see
vol, vi. for an interesting notice of Bowle, and his edition of Don
Quixote, &c.
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
He pub. a number of articles in defence of this work,
relative to Warton's History of English Poetry, &c., in
Gentleman's Mag.; contributed to the Archæologia, vols.
vi. and vii., 1782-85; to Granger's History, and to John-
son's and Steevens's Shakspeare.
6.
I am not the Translator of Don Quixote. I have too much con-
ceiving of the merit of the original of Cervantes ever to think of
appearing in that character. The difficulties of a translator must
rise in proportion to his knowledge of the original. . . . A desire
to impart that pleasure to others, which I almost solely possessed,
impelled me to the hazardous work of printing; in which if I have
erred once, I may be easily credited, I shall never be guilty of a
like offence again." See Gent. Mag., vols, liv., lv.
We cannot forbear pleasing the lover of the Knight of
the Rueful Countenance by transcribing the delicious Bill
of Fare for Quixotic epicures, exhibited by Mr. Bowle in
his prospectus :
"A Letter to the Rev. Dr. Percy, concerning a new and classical
edition of Historia del valoroso Cavallero Don Quixote de la Mancha;
to be illustrated by Annotations and Extracts from the Historians,
Poets, and Romances of Spain and Italy, and other writers, an-
cient and modern; with a Glossary and Indexes, in which are oc-
casionally interspersed some Reflections on the Learning and Ge
nius of the author, with a Map of Spain adapted to the History,
and to every Translator of it."
|
What a glorious prospect is here! Yet the work, as we
already said, was a failure. In the words of a cold-blooded
critic :
6.
The public sentiment seemed to be that annotations on Cer-
vantes were not quite so necessary as on Shakspeare"
The enthusiastic Don Bowle, disgusted with such heart-
lessness, renounced the press, and left the stupid "public"
to their downward course of ignorance and fatuity! That
any sane man, woman, or child could really be indifferent
to the least word, wink, and gesture of the Knight of the
Sorrowful Countenance, and the philosophic apothegmatist
Sancho Panza, was hard to believe, but if such were the
stolidity of that thick-skulled generation,-so let it be!
He had discharged his duty; therefore he washed his
hands, shook the dust from his feet, locked his library
door, and was soon entranced in the fields of La Mancha,
the persevering revolutions of the Windmills, the lustre of
Mambrino's helmet, and the substantial charms of Dulci-
nea del Toboso.
Bowles. New London Guide, Lon., 1787, 8vo.
Bowles, Caroline Anne. See SOUTHEY, MRS.
Bowles, Edward. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1643-
Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1643-
48, 4to.
Bowles, John, Barrister-at-Law. This gentleman
pub. many political and other tracts, Lon., 1791-1807.
Bowles, Oliver, d. 1674, a Fellow in Queen's College,
Camb., and Rector of Sutton. Tractatus de Pastore Evan-
gelico, Lon., 1649, 4to; 1655,12mo; Groninga, 1739, sm.8vo.
..
· Liber ob utilia ac pia præcepta, in eo pro ministris ecclesiæ
proposita. laudatur.”—WALCH.
،
A good translation would be generally useful."-Bickersteth.
Sermon on John ii. 17, Lon., 1643, 4to.
Bowles, Thomas, D.D. Vicar of Brackley, North-
amptonshire. Sermons, 1728-41, 4to.
223
Bowles, Rev. William Lisle, 1762-1850, was de-
scended from the Bowleses of Burcombe, in Wiltshire. He
was born at King's Sutton; placed at Winchester, 1776;
elected a scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, 1781; Vicar
of Chicklade, 1792; Rector of Dumbleton, 1797; Vicar of
Bremhill, and Prebendary of Salisbury, 1804; Canon Re-
sidentiary, 1828. Mr. Bowles was a voluminous writer.
A Dis-
Fourteen Sonnets, 1789, 4to. Verses to John Howard,
1789, 4to. Grave of Howard; a Poem, Lon., 1790, 4to.
Verses, 1790, 4to. Monody, 1791, 4to. Elegine Verses,
1796, 4to. Hope, 1796, 4to. Coombe Ellew, 1798, 4to.
St. Michael's Mount, 1798, 4to. Poems, 1798–1809, 4 vols.'
Svo. The Battle of the Nile; a Poem, 1799, 4to.
course, 1799, 4to. A Sermon, 1801,
A Sermon, 1801, 4to. The Sorrows of
Switzerland; a Poem, 1801, 4to. The Picture; a Poem,
1804, 4to. The Spirit of Discovery, or the Conquest of
the Ocean; a Poem, 1805, 8vo. Bowden Hill, 1815, 4to.
The Missionary of the Andes, 1822. The Grave of the
Last Saxon, 1823. Ellen Gray, 1828. Days Departed,
1832. St. John in Patmos, or the Last Apostle, 1832; 2d
edit. 1833, with a revised selection of some of his earlier
pieces. His last poetical compositions were contained in
à volume entitled, Scenes and Shadows of Days, a Narra-
tive; accompanied with Poems of Youth, and some other
Poems of Melancholy and Fancy, in the Journey of Life
from Youth to Age, 1837, 12mo. Little Villagers' Verse
Book.
"One of the sweetest and best little publications in the English
language.”—Lom. Literary Gazette.
"Since the time of Dr. Watts nothing has been published at once
so simple and so useful."-Lon. Spirit of the Age.
Svo.
""
A Sermon, 1804. Ten Parochial Sermons, 1814, Svo.
The Plain Bible, and the Protestant Church in England,
1818, 8vo. A Voice from St. Peter's and St. Paul's, 1823,
Paulus Parochialis, 1826, Svo. Further observa-
St. Paul at Athens,
tions on report Ch. Commiss., 1837.
1838. A Final Defence of the Rights of Patronage in
In 1807 Mr. B. edited the
Deans and Chapters, 1839.
works of Alexander Pope, in 10 vols. Svo, for which he
received £300. The editor criticized his author, and hence
tacked the positions of Mr. B., and especially his dogma
arose an animated controversy. Campbell and Byron at-
that "all images drawn from what is beautiful or sublime
in the works of nature, are more beautiful and sublimo
than any images drawn from art; and that they are there-
fore per se more poetical." To this Byron responded, not
very poetically, that "a ship in the wind," with all sail
set, is a more poetical object than a "hog in the wind,'
though the hog is all nature, and the ship all art. This
might have rejoined that the supposed porker, however
was the Reductio ad absurdum, indeed: although Bowles
respectable, could hardly be considered either "sublime or
beautiful."
beautiful." This controversy lasted for many years. In
1825 Bowles published his Final Appeal to the Literary
Public relative to Pope, elicited by Roscoe's edit. of Pope,
in 1825, and in 1826 the last gun was fired by Lessons in
Criticism to William Roscoe, &c., F. R. S., in answer to
his Letter to the Rev. W. L. Bowles on the Character and
Poetry of Pope, Svo. In 1818 he pub. Vindicia Wyke.
hamicæ, in reply to Mr. Brougham, and addressed Two
Letters to him when he became Lord Chancellor, on the
Position and Incomes of the Cathedral Clergy. In 1826
he pub. The Parochial History of Bremhill, and in 1830-
31, The Life of Thomas Ken, D.D. The Annals and An-
tiquities of Lacock Abbey appeared in 1835. Mr. B. also
pub. Letters to Lord Mountcashell and Sir James Mackin-
tosh, and had a controversy with the Rev. Edward Duke,
in the Gen. Mag., relative to the antiquities of Wiltshire.
Mr. Bowles's reputation as a poet is deservedly great.
In his Literary Biography, Mr. Coleridge expresses in
glowing terms the delight he received from the early peru-
sal of Mr. Bowles's sonnets, and the effect which they pro-
duced on his own poetry.
"We have ourselves heard from Mr. Wordsworth's own lips, that
he got possession of the same sonnets (pub. in 1793] one morning
when he was setting out with some friends on a pedestrian tour
from London; and that so captivated was he with their beauty,
that he retreated into one of the recesses in Westminster Bridge,
and could not be induced to rejoin his companions till he had
finished them."-Lon. Gent. Mag., 1850.
author: he tells Bedford,
Mr. Southey freely acknowledges his obligations to our
"My poetical taste was much meliorated by Bowles."-Oct.1,1795.
"This morning I received your St. John in Patmos. I have just
read the poem through, and with much pleasure. Yours I should
have known it to have been by the sweet and unsophisticated style
upon which I endeavoured, now almost forty years ago, to form
my own."-Southey to Bowles, July 30, 1832.
"The sonnets of Bowles may be reckoned among the first fruits
of a new era in poetry. They came in an age when a commonplace
facility in rhyming on the one hand, and an almost nonsensical
affectation in a new school on the other, had lowered the standard
so much, that critical judges spoke of English poetry as of some
thing nearly extinct, and disdained to read what they were sure
to disapprove. In these sonnets there was observed a grace of ex-
pression, a musical versification, and especially an air of melan
choly tenderness, so congenial to the poetical temperament, which
still, after sixty years of a more propitious period than that which
immediately preceded their publication, preserves for their author
BOW
BOW
a highly respectable position among our poets. The subsequent "By readers of all classes the record of Sir John Bowring's wan
poems of Mr. Bowles did not belie the promise of his youth."-derings will be perused with satisfaction."-Lon. Athen., 1557
HENRY HALLAM: Address before the Koyal Society of Literature.
335, q. v.
"Breathes not the man with a more poetic temperament than
Bowles! No wonder that his 'eyes love all they look on,' for they
possess the sacred gift of beautifying creation by shedding over it
the charm of melancholy. . . . Ils human sensibilities are so fine
Ills human sensibilities are so fine
as to be of themselves poetical; and his poetical aspirations so
delicate as to be always human."-PROFESSOR WILSON: Blackwood's
Mag.. Sept. 1831.
Bowles was deficient in the passion and imagination which
China, then first published,) Nov. 17, 1855. See also
See also 345, and same periodical, (for a letter on
Bowring, Cobden, and China, a Memoir, 1857, p. 8vo,
pp. 32. In 1825 he became the editor of the Westminster
Review; and many of the articles in that periodical on
political reforms and the principles of free trade are from
He was a disciple of Jeremy Bentham, was his
literary executor, edited his works, 1838, 22 vols. r. Svo, (see
BENTHAM, JEREMY, ante,) and wrote a sketch of his life.
+6
his pen.
command great things, but he was, notwithstanding, a true poet.
He had a fine eye for the beautiful and the true: and, although his
enthusiasm was tempered, we never miss a cordial sympathy with
whatever is pure, noble, and generous,-for his heart was in the
right place."-Moir's Poet. Lit.
A Life of Mr. Bowles, by a relative and Alaric Watts,
has been for some time promised, (1858.)
Bowles, W. R. Trans. of Letters from a Portuguese
Nun, 1808-12. Trans. of Elizabeth, by M. Cottin, 1814, 8vo.
Bowles, William. Works on Nat. History, Madrid,
1775, 4to; Paris, 1776, 8vo; Parma, 1783, 2 vols. 4to. Con.
to Phil. Trans., 1766.
Bowles, William. The Natural Hist. of Merino
Sheep. Lon., 1811, 8vo.
Bowling, W. K., M.D., b. 1808, in Virginia. Founder
of, and principal contributor to, the Nashville Jour. Med.
and Surg.
:
12mo.
Bowlker, Charles. Art of Angling, Worcester, 1746,
Con. to Archæol., vol. i. p. 100-
Bowman. Hist., &c.
112, 1770.
Bowman, Henry. The Ecclesiastical Architecture
of Great Britain, from the Conquest to the Reformation,
by H. Bowman and James Hadfield, Lon., 1845, r. 4to.
The Churches of the Middle Ages, by H. Bowman and J.
S. Crowther, Lon., imp. fol., 2 vols., £10 10%. See Ecclesiog.
Bowman, Hildebrand. Travels into Carnovirria,
Taupincera, Olfactoria, and Auditante, in New Zealand;
in the Island of Bonhommica, and in the Powerful King-
dom of Luxo-Volupta, on the Great Southern Continent,
Lon., 1778, 8vo. This is an imitation of Gulliver's Travels.
Bowman, John E. Introduction to Practical Che-
mistry; 2d ed., Lon., fp. Svo. Commended by Lon. Athen.
Practical Hand-Book to Medical Chemistry; 2d ed., fp. Svo.
Commended by Lon. Medical Gazette.
Bowman, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, 1762-91.
Bowman, William. Sermons, &c., Lon., 1731.
Bowman, William, F.R.S., Professor of Physio-
logy and Anatomy in King's College, London. Lectures
on Operations on the Eye, Lon., Svo.
"A most valuable contribution to ophthalmological science."-
Med.-Chirurg. Rev. See also Jour. Med. Sci.
Bowtell, John, D.D. Theol. treatises, 1710-11, 8vo.
writer.
Bowyer, George, M.P., D.C.L., an eminent law-
writer. 1. Dissert. on the Statutes of the Cities of Italy,
fence of Beatrice Cenci in this volume is a remarkable
&c., Lon., 1838, Svo. The argument of Farinacio in de-
piece of pleading. 2. A Popular Coinmentary on the Con-
stitutional Law of England, 1841, 12mo; 2d ed., 1846,
r. 8vo. This is a collection, with expositions and con-
tinuation, of such of Blackstone's Commentaries as pertain
to constitutional law. It is an excellent work. 3. Com-
4. The
mentaries on the Modern Civil Law, 1848, r. Svo.
Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster and the New Hier-
archy; 3d ed., 1850, Sro. 5. Two Readings delivered in
the Middle Temple Hall, 1850, Svo. 6. Readings before
the Hon. Society of the Middle Temple in 1850 on Canon
Law, 1851, r. Svo. 7. Commentaries on Universal Public
Law, 1854, r. Svo.
Bowyer, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, 1734, 35, '37.
Bowyer, William, 1699-1777, will long be remem-
bered as the most learned English printer of whom we
have any account. The names of Stephens, of Aldus, of
Bowyer, and such men, may ever be pointed to with com-
mendable pride by the superintendent of the type and ma-
trice. Bowyer's father and grandfather were printers, so
that he may be said to have inherited the noble art. Wil-
liam was born in Dogwell Court, White Fryars, London,
December 19th. He studied for a time under the cele-
brated AMBROSE BONWICKE, (q. v.,) and in 1716 was ad-
mitted as a sizar at St. John's College, Cambridge. He
remained here till June, 1722, during which time he ob-
tained Roper's exhibition, and wrote in 1719 what he
styled Epistola pro Sodalitio à rev. viro F. Roper mihi le-
Bownd, Nic., D.D. Theolog. treatises, 160406. gato. It does not appear that he took his degree of B.A.
Bowneus, Peter. Pseudo-Medico. Anat., 1624, 4to. In 1722 he entered into the printing business as a partner
Bowrey, Thomas. Dictionary, English and Malayo, with his father. From this time until his death Mr. Bow-
&c., Lon., 1701, 4to. Dictionary of the Hudson's Bay yer was engaged in superintending his press, and contri-
Language, 1701, fol. In 1800, Lon., 4to, was pub. Gram-buting to various learned works in the way of corrections,
mar of the Malay Tongue, from Bowrey's Dict., &c. prefaces, annotations, &c. The learned men of the day
found it a great advantage to have in the person of their
printer a scholar whose erudition and classical taste could
rectify their errors and improve their lucubrations.
A co-
pious account of Mr. B.'s editorial labour of this description
will be found in that most delightful of books of the class—
NICHOLS'S LITERARY ANECDOTES OF THE 18TH CENTURY,
9 vols., 1812-15; continued as ILLUSTRATIONS OF LITERARY
HISTORY, 1817-48. 7 vols. The foundation of this work
was a pamphlet of 52 pages, 1778, entitled Biographical Me-
moirs of Mr. Bowyer; enlarged to a 4to vol. in 1782; still
further enlarged as above. See NICHOLS, JOHN. A va-
luable account of Bowyer will be found, also, in Chalmers's
Biog. Diet. In 1763 Mr. Bowyer pub. his celebrated edi.
tion of the Greek Testament. 2 vols. 12mo, containing his
Conjectural Emendations. A second edit. of the Emenda-
tions was pub. separately in 1772, Svo, under the following
title: Conjectures on the New Testament, collected from
various Authors, as well in regard to Words as Pointing,
with the reasons on which both are founded. A third edit.
appeared in 1782, 4to, and a fourth in 1812. 4to. The
great merits of this work were conceded from the first.
"I must not omit to return my thanks for your notes upon the
Greek Testament, and particularly for the excellent Preface before
occasions, and I wish we had more such collections by equally
them. They have been of great use to me and others on several
able hands."-ARCHDEACON BLACKBURNE, in 1766; the celebrated
author of the Confessional, e. the name.
Bowring, Edgar Alfred. Schiller's Poems com-
plete, including all his Early Suppressed Pieces, attempted
in English, 1851, 12mo. Commended by the Cologne Gaz,
Bowring, Sir John, K.C.B., LL.D., b. 1792, Exeter,
Eng., knighted 1854, has distinguished himself as a philo-
loger, poet, political writer, translator, reviewer, member
of Parliament, and (appointed 1854) Governor of Hong-
Kong. His publications have been numerous. 1. Speci-
mens of the Russian Poets, Lon., 1821-23, 2 vols. 12mo:
see Lon. Month. Rev., xcvi., 1821. 2. Matins and Vespers,
with Hymns; 3d ed., 1841, 18mo; 4th ed., 1851, 18mo:
see Lon. Month. Rev., ci., 1823, and Lon. Chris. Examiner.
3. In conjunction with H. S. Van Dyk, Batavian Anthology,
1824, 12mo. 4. Ancient Poetry and Romances of Spain,
1824, p. Svo. 5. Specimens of the Polish Poets, 1827,
12mo. 6. Servian Popular Poetry, 1827, 12mo. 7. Poetry
of the Magyars, 1830. p. Svo. S. Cheskian Anthology;
being a Hist. of the Poet. Lit. of Bohemia, 1832, 12mo.
9. Minor Morals for Young People, 3 Pts., 1834-35-39:
see Lon. Athen. 10.
10. Reports on the Commercial Rela-
tions between France and G. Britain, 1835–36, 2 vols. fol.:
see Lon. Athen. 11. Reports on the Statistics of Tuscany,
&c., 1837. 12. Observations on the Oriental Plague and ou
Quarantines, &c., Edin., 1839. 13. First Lessons in Theo-
logy; for Children, Lon., 1839, 18mo. 14. Manuscript of the
Queen's Court, with other Ancient Bohemian Poems; trans.
1843. 15. Decimal Coinage, with Illustrations of Coins,
1854, p. Svo. 16. Decimal System in Numbers, Coins,
and Accounts, 1854, cr. Svo. 17. The Kingdom and
People of Siam; with a Narrative of the Mission to that
Country in 1855, 2 vols. 8vo, 1857.
"Mr. Bowyer has laboriously won his reputation as a profound
foreign and European law. . . . The author's industry appears to
civilian, a critical canonist, and an industrious investigator of
have spread itself over every province of modern aud ancient law."
-Lon. M. Chronicle. April 15, 1854.
Bowyer, Sir George. R. Catholic Question, 1813,8vo.
Bowyer, R. G. Sermons, 1803, '04, '11.
“I would also recommend a look into a Greek Testament lately
published by Mr. Bowyer, a printer, whose erudition not only sets
him on a par with the best scholars among the early printers, hut
would do credit to persons of high_rank even in the learned pro-
fessions."-Two Grammatical Essays, dc., 1769.
"This Work cannot but be acceptable to every Critical Reader
229
BOX
BOY
of the New Testament, as it is the best Collection of Conjectural | Holland and the Netherlands, will find his account in putting this
Emendations which has yet appeared.”—Lon. Critical Review.
Belgian Traveller into his pocket.”—Lon. Monthly Review.
The reader will here meet with much sound criticism, and
many instances of the importance of true punctuation, which Mr.
Bowyer considered of more importance than all the various read-
ings put together."-BISHOP WATSON.
A book which ought to be read by every scholar and every
rational Christian.”—DR. PARR.
But the British Critic does not coincide with Dr. Parr,
altogether:
Boyce, William, 1710–1779, an eminent English mu-
sician, pub., with the assistance of Drs. Hayes and Howard,
three volumes of Cathedral Music, being a collection in
score of the most valuable compositions for that service by
the several English masters of the preceding two centuries.
"Dr. Boyce was one of the few of our church composers who
neither pillaged nor servilely imitated Handel. There is an original
and sterling merit in his productions, founded as much on the
study of our own old masters, as on the best models of other coun-
"Bowyer's work is for the learned only; and for those among
the learned who can discriminate and judge for themselves. Con-
jectures on the sacred text are, at best, extremely hazardous;
hence it is that the work, though valuable, can deserve only a
partial recommendation."-Brit. Critic, pref. to vol. vi. For a Re-
Retries, that gives to all his works a peculiar stamp and character of
view of the 4th edit., see Brit. Critic, O. S. xi. 507; for Reviews of his own, for strength, clearness, and facility, without any mixture
former edits., see Monthly Review, O. S., xlvi. 67.
of styles, or extraneous and heterogeneous ornaments." See Chal-
mers's Biog. Dict., and Burney's Hist. of Music, vol. iii.
*
As conjectures, the best that can be said of them is, that they
are often ingenious. The alterations in the pointing are not, pro-
perly, conjectural, and therefore may be more safely trusted."—
ORME.
Bishop Marsh remarks that
"In the Greek Testament our means of correction from author
ity are so ample, that conjecture is unnecessary; and, if unneces-
sary, it is injurious, especially in a work, where, if the words
might be altered from conjecture, a door would be opened to every
species of corruption."
The same eminent authority gives Mr. Bowyer full credit
for his scholarship:
** Bowyer's Conjectures are of real value."
We should mention that the writers from whom the se-
lection is principally made, besides Bowyer himself, are
Bishop Barrington, Mr. Markland, Professor Schultz, Mi-
chaclis, Dr. Henry Owen, Dr. Woide, Dr. Gosset, and Ste-
phen Weston.
In 1774 appeared Mr. Bowyer's Origin of Printing, in
two essays: 1. The Substance of Dr. Middleton's Disser-
tation on the Origin of Printing in England. 2. Mr. Meer-
man's Account of the Invention of the Art at Haarlem,
and its progress to Mentz; with occasional Remarks, and
an Appendix. In this work Mr. B. was assisted by Dr.
Henry Owen, and Cæsar de Missy: 2d edit. enlarged, 1776,
Svo; with a Supplement by John Nichols, 1781, 8vo.
publication, which appeared anonymously, was soon known
to be Mr. Bowyer's, and was received with great favour.
This
The periodical publications of the Continent joined those of
England in its commendation."
36
The Second Usurpation; a Hist. of the Revolution in
France, 1816, 2 vols. Svo.
For more than half a century he stood unrivalled as a learned
printer: and some of the most masterly productions of this king-
dom have been described as appearing from his press. . . . To his
literary and professional abilities he added an excellent Moral Cha-
racter. His regard to Religion was displayed in his Publications,
and in the course of his Life and Studies; and he was particularly
distinguished by his inflexible probity, and an uncommon alacrity
in relieving the necessitous. His liberality in relieving every spe
cies of distress, and his endeavours to conceal his benefactions,
reflect great honour on his memory.”—Nichols's Lát. Anec., vol. iii.
Box, G. National Debt of G. Britain, 1785, Svo.
Boycatt, W. Ser. on the R. Catholic Question, 1808.
Boyce, Samuel. A New Pantheon, 1762, 4to. Pooti-
eal works, 1757, '73, '85.
Anthems, Lon., 1788, fol.; with portrait by Sherwin.
Boyd, Andrew. See BoDIUS.
Boyd, E. A Thanksgiving on the Victory of Dettin-
gen, Lon., 1743, 4to.
Boyd, Henry, d. 1832. Trans. of the Inferno of
Dante, Lon., 1785, 2 vols. 12mo. Poems, 1796, Svo. Trans.
of the Divina Commedia of Dante, 1802, 3 vols. Svo. The
Penance of Hugo; from the Italian, 1805, Svo. The Wood-
man's Tale, &c., 1805, Svo.
"A very agreeable collection, and will add considerably to Mr.
Boyd's literary fame."-Brit. Critic; and see Anti-Jacobin.
The Triumph of Petrarch; a trans., 1807, Svo.
Boyd, Hugh, or Hugh Macauley, 1746-1791, was
educated at Trinity College. The Indian Observer, and
some Miscellaneous Works, with an Account of his Life
and Writings, by L. D. Campbell, Lon., 1798, 1800, 2 vols.
Svo. Boyd wrote in Ireland a political periodical paper
called The Freeholder, 1772; he contributed an Introdue-
tion to Lord Chatham's Speeches, and The Whig to the
London Courant, pub. by Almon. The Indian Observer,
..
He has interspersed, through the whole piece. a number of va-
luable notes. which will greatly increase the general stock of know-
ledge upon the subject.”—DR. KIPPS: Monthly Rev. and Bing. Brit.
Mr. Bowyer's learning and particular knowledge in his profes-reprinted with other papers, as above, was originally pub.
sion qualify him for being at least as good a judge of the dispute as
any man that ever lived."-SIR JAMES BURROW: Literary Property.
His trans. of Select Discourses from Michaelis, 12mo,
was pub. in 1773. This vol. has become very scarce.
Horne's Introduc. to the Scriptures.
at Madras. Mr. Campbell pub. the above edition of his
works to prove Boyd's identity with Junius, an assertion
said to have been first made by Almon.
See
Boyce, Thomas. Harold; a Tragedy, 1785, 4to.
Boyce, William. Belgian Traveller, 1815, 8vo.
← We are persuaded that any person who is meditating a trip to
Boyd, Archibald, Curate of Londonderry. Doctrines
of England, Rome, and Oxford Compared, Svo. Episco-
pacy and Presbytery, Svo. Letters on Episcopacy, &c., Svo.
The Christian Instructor commends an answer (pub. 1843)
to Boyd's positions with respect to Episcopacy, as
"A masterpiece of its kind, reminding one of the might and
mastery of a learned age."
Strengthen the Things which
Sermons on the Church.
Remain; a Sermon.
“Original in its conception, vigorous and eloquent in expres-
sion.”—Britannia.
In 1785 Mr. Nichols (Mr. B.'s friend and partner) pub.
Miscellaneous Tracts, by Mr. Bowyer and several of his
learned friends, 4to, and we have already referred the reader
to that rich storehouse of literary treasures, Nichols's Lite-
rary Anecdotes. It may well be supposed that the amiable
character and remarkable erudition of Mr. Bowyer gathered
around him a host of devoted friends. We venture the
assertion that no man in any age ever had a larger circle
of distinguished literary acquaintances. Among these
may be mentioned, Archbishop Secker, Bishops Warbur-
ton, Kennett, Tanner, Sherlock, Hoadly, Lyttleton, Pearce,
Lowth, Barrington, Hurd, Percy, Earl of Macclesfield,
Earl of Marchmont, Lord Lyttelton, Lord Sandys, Alex-ings
ander Pope, Dr. Wotton, Rt. Hon. Arthur Onslow, Chishull,
Clarke, Markland, Hollis, De Missy, Mattaire, R. Gale, S.
Gale, Browne, Willis, Spelman, Morant, David Garrick,
Dean Prideaux, Dean Freind, Dean Milles, Dr. Robert
Freind, Dr. John Freind, Dr. Taylor, Dr. Barnard, Dr.
Powell, Dr. Wilkins, Dr. Ducarel, Dr. Pegge, Dr. Salter,
Dr. Owen, Dr. Heberden, and many others. See Chalmers's
Biog. Dict.
6.
"Boyd wrote after Junius, and, like most political writers, aims
at his style; and the only conclusion which his friends have arrived
at amounts to this absurdity, that an imitator must be an original
writer; and even this in the case of Mr. Boyd is peculiarly unfor
tunate, for his imitations are among the most feeble that have ever
been attempted."
See also another advocate for Mr. Boyd in Chalmers's
Appendix to the Supplemental Apology, &c., 1800.
"By comparing Junius with the other writings of M'Auley Boyd,
we see the same characteristicks in all: the elegance and energy;
the same inaccuracy and inexperience; the same topicks and im-
agery and expressions; the same turbulence; and even in his Ob-
server may be traced
"The cockle of rebellion, insolence, sedition.""
Boyd, Hugh Stuart. Select Passages of the Writ-
of St. Chrysostom, St. Gregory Nazianzen, and St.
Basil, trans. from the Greek, 1806, r. Svo. Reviewed in
Edin. Rev. xxiv. 58–72. A Selection from the Poems and
Writings of Gregory Nazianzen, 1814, Svo.
On Cosmogo-
ny, Phil. Mag., 1817. Reflections on the Atoning Sacri-
fice of Jesus Christ, 1817, 8vo. The Fathers not Papists,
with discourses and other extracts from their writings; a
new edit., considerably enlarged, Lon., 1834, Svo. For a
notice of Mr. Boyd's translations, see Brit. Critic, Oct. 1834.
Boyd, James. Adam's Roman Antiquities; with
100 illustrations.
"We bestow the unqualified praise which it merits on the edition
before us.”—Dublin University Mag.
"In references and annotations the editor has bestowed immense
pains. The pages are literally crammed. Many of the lengthened
notes descriptive of ancient customs are most valuable."-Tait's
Mog.
Potter's Antiquities of Greece, with a sketch of the Lite-
rature of Greece, by Sir D. K. Sandford; with 150 Illus-
trations.
"Valuable improvements have been introduced into this edition."
|-Aberdeen Journal.
Boyd, Rev. James R., b. 1804, in the State of N.
York, Prof. Moral Philosophy, and College Preacher at
Hamilton Coll. Elements of Rhetoric and Literary Criti-
cism. Eclectic Moral Philosophy. Westminster Shorter
23
BOY
BOY
Catechism, with Scriptural proofs, &c. Kames's Elements | they contain many state papers, memorials, &c., which it would
of Criticism, with additions, &c.
be difficult to find elsewhere."
Prof. Boyd has rendered valuable service to polite litera-
ture in editing, with biographical notices, judicious critical
observations and explanatory notes for the use of schools
and colleges-Milton's Paradise Lost, Young's Night
Thoughts, Thomson's Seasons, Cowper's Task and other
Poems, and Pollok's Course of Time.
Boyd, John P., of Boston, d. 1830, aged 62, pub.
Documents and Facts relative to Military Events during
the late War, 1816.
Boyd, Mark Alexander, d. 1601, aged about 38
years, was a son of Robert Boyd of Pinkill, in Ayrshire,
Scotland, and a nephew of James Boyd, Archbishop of
Glasgow. He was for some time a soldier in France, but
devoted much of his leisure to the study of the Hebrew,
Greek, and Latin, and the Civil Law, and became one of
the best scholars of his day. Epistolæ Heroidum et Hymni,
p. 142. Inter Poet. Scot. Delit., Amst., 1637, 8vo. He had
an aversion to publication, and left a number of works in
MS. He trans. Cæsar's Commentaries into Greek, and
could write, dictate, and converse in that language with
copiousness and elegance.
His biographer questions whether any of the ancients have
excelled him in elegiac poetry, and is positive that none of the
Latins have equalled his hymns."
To the same effect speaks Olaus Borrichius:
"In Marco Alexandro Bodio. Scoto, redivivum spectamus Naso-
nem; ea est in ejusdem Epistolis Herodium, lux, candor, dexteri-
tas."-Dissertationes Academica de Portis.
See Sketch of the Life of Boyd, by Lord Hailes, 1783, Svo.
Boyd, Robert, 1578-1627, a Scotch divine, descended
from Robert Boyd, Earl of Arran, was educated at the Uni-
versity of Edinburgh. He became Professor of Philosophy
at Montauban in France, Professor at Saumur, 1608, Pro-
fessor of Divinity in the University of Glasgow, 1615.
Prælectiones in Epistolam ad Ephesios, Lon., 1652, fol.;
Geneva, 1662.
"An English translation of this work was made. if I mistake
not, by the author's son, and published in 4to. It is not strictly
of an expository nature. It enters largely into doctrinal, practi-
cal, and controversial subjects.”—ORME.
"His Prælectiones contain some good critical remarks, as well
as many eloquent passages, and it is to be regretted that he should
have rendered the work heavy and repulsive, by indulging, ac-
cording to a practice then common among the continental com-
mentators, in long digressions, for the sake of illustrating general
doctrines and determining the controversies of the times."-DR.
MCCRIE: Life of Melville.
Legal Treatises, Edin., 1779, '87.
Essays on Polit. Economy, Lon.,
Boyd, Robert.
Boyd, Walter.
1801, '05, Svo.
Boyd, Sir William, A.M., M.D., b. 1812, Ayrshire,
Scotland. Hist. of Literature, Lon., 4 vols. Svo: see Athen.,
and Lit. Gaz. Lects. on Apc. and Mod. Lit., Art, &c., 12mo.
Boyd, or Boyde, Zachary. The Battle of Soul in
Death, Edin., 1619, Svo. Oratio, &c., 1633, 4to. Crosses,
Comforts, Counsels, &c., Glasg., 1643, Svo. The Garden
of Zion, Glasg., 2 vols. Svo, 1644. Two Oriental Pearls,
Grace and Glory, Edin., 1718, 12mo. This good man
turned the Bible into rhyme in the vulgar dialect of the
country, to be pub. and circulated for the benefit of the
common people; and for this purpose he intrusted a large
sum to the University of Glasgow. His executors, how-
ever, never pub. the MSS., deeming it inexpedient to cir-
culate this poetical version.
Boyde, H. Voyage to Barbary, Lon., 1736, Svo.
Boydell, James. Works on Gauging, &c., Lon.,
1764, '84, Svo.
Boydell, James.
Treatise on Landed Property,
1849, r. Svo.
Boydell, John. Sermon on Ps. ci., 1727, Svo.
Boydell, John. See SHAKSPEARE.
Boydell, Josiah. Improvement of the Arts and
Sciences, 1805.
Boyer, Abel, 1667-1729, though a native of Lan-
guedoc, was a resident of England from 1689. His French
and English Dictionary, pub. Lon., 1699, fol., is still well
known; but he compiled some English works, which prin-
zipally claim our notice. Political State of Great Britain.
from 1711 to 1729; continued to 1740, making 60 vols.
8vo. This contains the history of ecclesiastical and civil
parties and affairs, with abstracts from pamphlets, &c. re-
lating to Great Britain and the Continent. Annals of the
Reign of Queen Anne, 1703-13, 11 vols. 8vo. History of
Queen Anne, 1735, fol.
"A very good chronicle of this period of English History."
History of William III., 1702, 3 vols. Svo. Life of Sir
William Temple, 1714, Svo. Other works.
"His publications are more useful now than when published, as
Swift speaks of him contemptuously on account of his
political predilections, and Pope honours him by a place
in The Dunciad.
Boyers, D. The Builder's Companion, 1807, 8vo.
Boyes, J. F. Parallel Illustrations of the Tragedies
schylus and Sophocles, Lon., 8vo.
of
which nurtured boyhood, delightful to age."-Lim. Athenaum.
"To use the language of Cicero, he has rendered those studies
"One of the most pleasing classical works that we have lately
read.”—Lon. Gent. Mag.
Boyle, Charles, fourth Earl of Orrery, grandson of
the "Great Earl of Cork," 1676-1731, was the second son
of Roger, second Earl of Orrery, by Lady Mary Sackville,
daughter to Richard, Earl of Dorset and Middlesex. At
15 he entered a nobleman at Christ Church, Oxford. His
talents were so marked that Dr. Aldrich, in completing at
his request the compendium of Logic long used at Oxford,
styles him Magnum Edis nostræ ornamentuin. Dr. Ald-
rich's high opinion of his abilities proved in the end a
misfortune to Boyle, as the dean's encouragement induced
him to undertake the care of the edition of the Epistles of
Phalaris, pub. 1695, which provoked the celebrated con-
troversy with "slashing Bentley." This subject we have
already treated in the article BENTLEY, RICHARD. The in-
strument called the Orrery was so named by Sir Richard
Steele, in error, from the fact that one of the first was made
for the earl by Rowley. The real inventor was a Mr.
George Graham. The earl was the author of As You Find
It, a Comedy, 1703; in vol. 2d of the Works of Roger,
Earl of Orrery; (Lon., 1739, 2 vols. Svo.) Some Copies of
Verses. A Latin Trans. of the Epistles of Phalaris, and
Notes to that Author, Oxon., 1695, Svo; in English, 1698,
12mo. Examination of Dr. Bentley's Dissertation on the
Epistles of Phalaris, and Æsop's Fables, Lon., 1698, Svo;
1699, 8vo; (chiefly written by ATTERBURY, FREIND, and
KING: see these names.) Preamble to his patent of Peer-
Altemira, and several Songs in it.
age, Lon., 1711, 4to; An Epilogue to his Predecessor's
Boyle was in great estimation with the wits of the age.
We have already stated that Garth stereotyped his igno-
rance in the well-known couplet,
"So diamonds owe a lustre to their foil,
And to a BENTLEY 'tis we owe a BOYLE."
See BENTLEY, RICHARD.
His brilliancy was unquestionable, but he was forced to
pale his ineffectual fire" before the splendour of Bent-
ley's rays.
-
"
He resembled in his character, and not a little in his fortunes,
his illustrious ancestor, the first Earl of Orrery. Like him, he was
an author, a soldier, and a statesman. His learning was solid, not
pedantic; and though he did not affect the orator in public, yet
in private conversation, no man spoke with greater ease to him-
self, or pleasure to those who heard him.”—DR. CAMPBELL.
See Park's Walpole's R. & N. Authors; Biog. Brit.
Boyle, Hamilton, Earl of Cork and Orrery, second
son of John, Earl of Orrery, great-great-grandson of the
"Great Earl of Cork," 1730-1764, was admitted in 1748
student of Christ Church, Oxford. His claims to author-
ship consist of Nos. 60 and 170 in the periodical entitled
The World.
A
fording a proof that if his life had been continued, he would have
They are drawn up with vivacity, elegance, and humour, af-
added new literary honour to his celebrated name and family."
Boyle, Henry. The Universal Chronologist, &c.,
from the Creation to 1825, inclusive, trans. from the
French of M. St. Martin, with an elaborate continuation,
2 vols. Svo, Lon., 1826.
Boyle, John, Earl of Cork and Orrery, great-grand-
son of the "Great Earl of Cork," father of the above, and
son of Charles, Earl of Orrery, was educated at West-
minster and Christ Church, Oxford, of which college his
father was so distinguished an ornament.
Poems to the Memory of John Sheffield, Duke of Buck-
ingham, Dubl., 1741, Svo. Imitations of the 1st and 5th
Odes of Horace, 1741. Letters of Pliny the Younger,
Lon., 1752, 2 vols. 4to and 8vo.
"In this translation his lordship is allowed to have given a
very just representation of the character of Pliny, and of the merit
of his letters."-PARK.
Memoirs of the Life of Robert Cary, Earl of Monmouth,
1759, Svo; 2d edit., 1760, Svo. Letters from Italy, writ-
ten in 1754 and 1755 to William Duncombe, Esq., 1774.
He wrote Nos. 47, 68, and 161, in The World, contributed
some Letters to The Connoisseur, (signed G. K., &c.,) and
was author of some other pieces. But the publication by
which he is chiefly known is, Remarks on the Life and
Writings of Dr. Jonathan Swift, in a series of Letters,
Lon., 1751, 8vo. The earl was much censured for this
231
BOY
BOY
Tublication, as it exposed to the world matters which it
was thought he should, as Swift's friend, have confined to
his own bosom. Warburton, in his letters to Bishop Hurd,
toxes the earl to task in his usual coarse style, calling
them "detestable letters." Dr. Johnson justified his
lordship.
-
active zeal in his Saviour's cause, which puts to shame
the coldness and spiritual apathy of the great majority of
"those who profess and call themselves Christians." So
great was his reverence for the Supreme Being, that ho
never mentioned the name of God without making a de-
cided pause in the conversation: Sir Peter Pett, who knew
"Macleod asked Johnson if it was not wrong in Orrery to expose him for nearly 40 years, declared himself unable to recol-
the defects of a man with whom he had lived in intimacy, Jouy-lect an instance to the contrary. He wrote a number of
BON: Why no, sir, after the man is dead; for then it is done his- religious works, printed at his own expense the Church
torically.' .. He said Orrery was a feeble-minded man: that on
Catechism and New Testament in Irish, and 500 copies of
the publication of Dr. Delany's Remarks on his book, he was so
much alarmed that he was afraid to read them. Dr. Johnson com- the Four Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles in the
forted him by telling him they were both in the right; that De Malay Language, published Pocock's Arabic Translation
lany had seen most of the good side of Swift,—Lord Orrery most of Grotius's De Veritate for circulation in the Levant,
of the bad. . Speaking of the noble family of Boyle, he said that
and contributed largely to the Society for Propagating the
all the Lord Orrerys till the present had been writers. The first
wrote several plays; the second was Bentley's antagonist; the Gospel in New England. When we add to these proofs
third wrote the life of Swift, and several other things: his son of zeal the establishment of the Boyle Lecture, "designed
Hamilton wrote some papers in the Adventurer and World."-
to prove the truth of the Christian Religion among Infi-
Boswell's Johnson.
dels," we have given sufficient evidence of the existence
of a faith proved by works of the most beneficent cha-
·· •
racter.
Either Johnson or Boswell was inaccurate here.
"In every domestic and social relation, in all the endearing
connections of life, as a husband, a father, a friend, a master, Lord
Orrery had few equals. The lustre which he received from rank
and title, he reflected back unimpaired and undiminished.
He loved truth even to a degree of adoration, and as a real Chris-
tian constantly hoped for a better life, there trusting to know the
real cause of those effects which here struck him with wonder, but
´not with doubt.”—DUNCOMBE.
Whilst at Stalbridge, 1646-50, Boyle was one of a so-
ciety of learned men, termed by him, The Invisible Col-
lege; this was the germ of The Royal Society, which was
incorporated in 1663. In 1680 Boyle was elected to the
Presidency, but declined the honour. His publications
were very numerous. His New Experiments, physico-me-
chanical, touching the spring of the Air and its effects,
were pub., Oxford, 1660, Svo. In a second edit., pub. in
1662, he answered the objections of Linus and Hobbes.
A 3d edit. appeared in 1682. Seraphic Love, 1660, 8vo;
finished in 1648: this has been translated into Latin.
Certain Physiological Essays and other tracts, 1661, 4to;
with additions, 1669, 4to. Skeptical Chemist, 1662, 8vo;
Boyle, Miss Mary Louisa. Bridal of Melcha, p. again, 1679, Svo. Considerations touching the Usefulness
The Forester; a
of Experimental Natural Philosophy, 1663, 4to; again,
1664. Experiments and Considerations upon Colours,
1663, Svo. Trans. into Latin. Considerations upon the
Style of the Holy Scriptures, 1663, 8vo; trans. into Latin,
Oxf., 1665. Occasional Reflections upon several subjects,
1665, 8vo; 1669, Svo. New Experiments and Observa-
tions upon Cold, 1665, Svo; 1683, 4to. Hydrostatical
Paradoxes, &c., 1666, Svo; in Latin, Oxf., 1669, 12mo.
Among his other publications (see list in Bibl. Brit.) were,
A Continuation of the Experiments on Air. A Discourse
of Absolute Rest in Bodies. An Invention to Estimate
the Weight of Water. A Discourse of Things above Rea-
son. A Free Inquiry into the Vulgarly received Notion
of Nature. A Free Discourse against Customary Swear-
ing. Considerations about the Reconcilableness of Reason
and Religion. On the high Veneration Man's Intellect
owes to God, peculiarly for his Wisdom and Power. Dr.
Birch pub. a collection of his works, in 5 vols. fol., Lon.,
1744. Another edition was pub., Lon., 1772, 6 vols. 4to.
Philosophical Works abridged, Lon., 1725, 3 vols. 4to.
An incomplete edition of his works was pub. in Latin at
Geneva in 1676, 4to. Opera varia, Genev., 1680, 4to;
again in 1704. Theological Works epitomized by Richard
Boulton, Lon., 1699, 4 vols. Svo; 1715, 3 vols. 8vo. The
Sermons delivered at the Boyle Lecture, 1691-1732, with
the additions and amendments of the several authors, were
pub., Lon., 1739, 3 vols. fol.; an abridgment of the Ser-
mons preached at the Boyle Lecture in 4 vols. Svo, by
Rev. Gilbert Burnet, Lon., 1737. Consult Booksellers'
catalogues for a list of those printed separately: and see
Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. vi., for the names of the
preachers to 1810, and a list to 1846-47 in Darling's Cyc.
Bibliographica.
"My friend, the late Earl of Cork, had a great desire to main-
tain the literary character of his family: he was a genteel man,
but did not keep up the dignity of his rank. He was so generally
civil, that nobody thanked him for it. . . . If he had been rich, he
would have been a very liberal patron. His conversation was
like his writings, neat and elegant, but without strength. He
He
grasped at more than his abilities could reach; tried to pass for a
better talker, a better writer, and a better thinker than he was."
-DR. JOHNSON.
8vo. State Prisoner, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Tale of 1688, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
"Interesting, skilfully wrought, and abounding in passages of
great beauty. . Far superior to the ordinary run of novels."
Scotsman.
Boyle, Richard, the "Great Earl of Cork," 1566-
1644, a native of Canterbury, educated at Bene't, or Cor-
pus Christi, College, Cambridge, belongs to political rather
than to literary history. We may, however, claim him as
an author from his True Remembrances of his Life, pub.
in Dr. Birch's Life of the Hon. Mr. [Robert] Boyle, Lon.,
1744, 8vo. The literary character of this family is evinced
by the fact that we record in our list of authors the fol-
lowing descendants of the Great Earl of Cork: Roger,
5th son; Robert, 7th son; Charles, a grandson; John, a
great-grandson; and Hamilton, a great-great-grandson.
|
|
Boyle, Hon. Robert, 1627-1691, seventh son and
fourteenth child of the "Great Earl of Cork," was born
at his father's seat, Lismore Castle, in the province of
Munster, Ireland, January 25.
January 25. When little more than
eight years of age he was removed to Eton School, where
he remained for four years. In 1638 he was sent to Ge-
neva to continue his studies, and here he devoted himself
with great assiduity to Natural Philosophy, the French
language, &c. In 1644 he returned to England, and for
four months resided with his sister, Lady Ranelagh.
From March, 1646, to May, 1650, he was occupied at his
estate of Stalbridge in an extensive course of experiments
in Natural Philosophy, paying especial regard to Chemis-
try. He visited Ireland in 1652, and on his return in
1654 put in execution a project which he had long che-
rished of settling at Oxford, where were many of his
'learned friends, viz.: Wilkins, Wallis, Ward, Willis, Wren,
Bathurst, and others. He resided principally at Oxford
until April, 1668, when he settled in London at his sister,
Lady Ranelagh's, in Pall Mall. The affectionate rela-
tives never separated again until the death of the Vis-
countess Ranelagh, in December, 1691; her illustrious
brother survived her only a week, and they were buried
by each other in the church of St. Martin-in-the-Fields.
Mr. Boyle was never married. To a man of the character
of Robert Boyle death brought no terrors: the great
losopher had long before learned to "become a little
child," and reposed with unfeigned humility, yet confiding
hope, in the promises of Him who is "the Resurrection
and the Life." Earthly honours he had never courted.
Of fifteen children of the "Great Earl of Cork," the phi-
losopher was the only one who never obtained a title.
Four of his brothers were peers, and a peerage was often
urged upon the subject of our memoir, and as often re-
fused. At the early age of 14 he became duly impressed
with the supreme importance of religious truth; and feel-
ing that if religion was any thing, it was every thing, he
ever lived "as in his great Taskmaster's eye." He had that
"If all other defences of religion were lost, there is solid rea-
soning enough in these volumes to remove the scruples of most
unbelievers."-BISHOP WATSON.
"For much important matter on the province of reason in judg-
ing of revelation. I would earnestly recommend the theological
writings of the Hon. Mr. Boyle. No man had more thoroughly
considered the extent and limits of the human understanding;
none, perhaps, ever combined more perfectly the characters of the
phi-philosopher and the theologian."-BISHOP VAN MILDERT.
#
K
t
We should not omit to montion that Lord Clarendon
urged Mr. Boyle to enter into holy orders, but remember-
ing that "no man taketh this honour unto himself," and
not feeling" inwardly moved" to assume "this Office and
Ministration," he remained in the ranks of the laity. Yet
religion was ever with him the "primum mobile:" thus
honouring God, God forgot not his promise, and highly
exalted his servant; for to him was given, in a larger mea-
sure than often pertaineth to the sons of men, understand-
ing, and wisdoin, and durable riches. His tried friend,
Bishop Burnet, chose most appropriately as the text for
his funeral discourse, "For God giveth to a man that is
232
ΒΟΥ
BOY
good in his sight, wisdom, knowledge, and joy." (Eccles. | mends itself to all who would discharge a necessary
xi. 26.) It has been truly said that
duty.
"The works of Boyle discover the solid learning and great
acuteness of the philosopher, blended with all that veneration for
God, and love to His revealed will, which so eminently character-
.zed him as a Christian."
The value of his contributions to the cause of science,
to the province of Natural Philosophy especially, cannot
be too highly esteemed. More than two-thirds of his
works are composed of the results of his investigations
in Pneumatics, Chemistry, Medicine, and kindred sub-
jects. The philosophers of the day and of succeeding
times acknowledge their obligations to Boyle in the
strongest terms. What a splendid eulogy is that of the
great Boerhaave!
"Mr. Boyle, the ornament of his age and country, succeeded to
the genius and enquiries of the great Chancellor Verulam. Which
of all Mr. Boyle's writings shall I recommend? All of them! To
him we owe the secrets of fire, air, water, animals. vegetables,
fossils so that from his works may be deduced the whole system
of natural knowledge."
It has been remarked with reference to the fact that
Boyle was born in the same year in which Bacon died:
"Sol occubuit; nox nulla secuta est."
"For the history of nature, ancient and modern, of the produc-
tions of all countries, of the virtues and improvements of plants,
of ores, and minerals, and all the varieties that are in them in
different climates, he was by much, by very much, the readiest
and perfectest I ever knew, in the greatest compass, and with the
nicest exactness."-BISHOP BURNET.
See Sir Isaac Newton's letter to Oldenberg, respecting
some of Boyle's experiments, communicated to the Royal
Society, pub. in Phil. Trans., 1675.
"As a philosopher he conferred advantages on Science which
place him in the same rank with Bacon and Newton. When he
began his experiments, the inquiries to which he devoted himself
had scarcely carried the students of nature to the threshold of her
sanctuary. The most unwarranted suppositions were allowed to
hold the place of facts, and reasoning was carried on with but rare
appeals to any but a mere empirical experience. Aristotle had
still his ardent admirers on the one side, and on the other. Des-
cartes was dazzling, as well as aweing, the minds of men into the
belief that Nature had unveiled herself to his bold and subtle
gaze.”—Cunningham's Birg. History.
But Boyle and his associates inherited the inductive
system which Bacon had left as a legacy to the world, and
to what a noble end did they apply their patrimony!
"To Boyle the world is indebted, besides some very acute re
marks and many fine illustrations of his own upon metaphysical
questions of the highest moment, for the philosophical arguments
in defence of religion, which have added so much lustre to the
names of Derham and Bentley; and, far above both, to that of
Clarke. . . . I do not recollect to have seen it anywhere noticed,
that some of the most striking and beautiful instances of design
in the order of the material world, which occur in the sermons
preached at Boyle's Lecture, are borrowed from the works of the
founder."-Dugald Stewart. Diss. 1st. Encycl. Brit. See Bird's Life
of Boyle: Biog. Brit.; Thomson's Hist. of Royal Society.
Boyle, Captain Robert. Voyages and Adventures
in several Parts of the World, Lon., 1728, Svo. This fic-
titious narrative, written by BENJ. VICTOR, (q. v.,) has been
frequently reprinted.
Boyle, Roger, 1621–1679, Baron Broghill, Earl of
Orrery, and fifth son of the "Great Earl of Cork,” was a
native of Ireland, and educated at the College of Dublin.
The Irish Colours Displayed, Lon., 1622, 4to. Answer to
a Letter of Peter Walsh's, 1662, 4to. Poem on the Death
of Cowley, 1657, fol. Hist. of Henry V.; a Tragedy, 1688,
fol. Mustapha; a Trag., 1667. fol. The Black Prince; a
Trag., 1672, fol. Triphon; a Trag., 1672. fol. These four
plays were collected and pub. in 1690, and compose the
1st vol. of the earl's dramatic works. Parthenissa, a Ro-
mance, 3 vols. 4to, 1665. A Dream.
A Dream. Treatise upon the
Art of War, 1677, fol.
"Commended by many expert captains for the best piece extant
in English."-ANTHONY WOOD.
Poems on the Fasts and the Festivals of the Church.
His Posthum. works are, Mr. Anthony; a Comedy, 1692.
Guzman; a Comedy, 1692. Herod the Great; a Tragedy,
Herod the Great; a Tragedy,
1693. Altemira; a Tragedy, produced 1702. State Let-
ters, pub. 1742, fol.
"Well worthy the notice of the reader."-GRANGER.
“A man who never made a bad figure but as an author.
The sensible author of a very curious life of this lord, in the Bio-
graphia, seems to be as bad a judge of poetry as his lordship, or
Cicero, when he says that his writings are never flat and trivial
What does he think of a hundred such lines as these?
•
"When to the wars of Aquitaine I went.
I made a friendship with the Earl of Kent.'
The Black Prince, act v.
"One might as well find the sublime, or the modest, or the har-
monious, in this line:
"O fortunatam natam me consule Romam!""
HORACE WALPOLE: R. & N. Authors.
His treatment of his domestics and dependants com-
"He frequently observed that the meanest of them had a soul
to be saved as well as himself; and therefore he not only obliged
his chaplain to have a due attention to their spiritual concerns,
but frequently inspected the discharge of his duty in this particu-
lar."-Biog. Brit.
Boyle, W. R. Treatise on the Law of Charities,
Lon., 8vo.
Boylston, Zabdiel, M.D., 1680-1766, a native of
Brookshire, Massachusetts, first introduced inoculation for
the smallpox into America.
He pub. two works upon
this subject, 1721-30, (Lon., 1726,) and some communica-
tions in the Philosophical Transactions.
Boyne, J. Letter to R. B. Sheridan, M.P., 1792, 8vo.
Boyne, L. S. Cursory Remarks on the Physical and
Moral History of the Human Species, 1815, 8vo.
Boys, Mrs. The Coalition, or Family Anecdotes; a
Novel, 1785, 2 vols. 12mo.
Boys, Edward. Sermons, edit. by R. Flynt, 1672, 4to.
Boys, Henry. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1800.
Boys, Henry. Sermons, Lon., 1841.
Boys, James. Prac. Expos. on the 39 Articles, &c.,
1716, fol.
Boys, or Bois, John, 1560-1643, Prebendary of Ely
Cathedral, trans. the Apocrypha, &c., in the K. James's
version of the Holy Scriptures. He left many MSS., but
pub. only Veteris Interpretis cum Beza aliisque recentiori-
bus Collatio, etc., 1655, 8vo.
Many of his strictures on Beza are correct, and his defences of
the Latin Vulgate often ingenious and important."―ORME.
See a curious life of Bois, by himself, in Peck's Deside-
rata. He assisted Sir Henry Saville in his edit. of St.
Chrysostom.
Boys, John, 1571-1625, Dean of Canterbury. Expo-
sitions upon the Festivals, Epistles, and Gospels in the
English Liturgy, Lon., 1614, 4to. New edit., Phila., 1849,
Svo. Workes, 1622-29, fol. His Remains, viz.: Certaine
Sermons. 1631, 4to.
"His style partakes of the quaintness of the age, but upon the
whole we think him less blamable on this score than some of his
contemporaries.'
":
Boys, John. Eneas, his Descent into Hell, Lon.,
1661, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet. £3 3s., contains pp. 248.
Boys, John. Agriculture of Kent., Lon., 1796, Svo.
"General opinion has ever given it the palm of county reports
of agriculture. for soundness of judgment and enlightened practi-
cal views.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biag.
Boys,John, M.D. Letter on Midwifery, Lon., 1807,8vo.
Boys, Thomas, of Trinity College, Cambridge.
Tactica Sacra: an Attempt to develope and to exhibit to
the Eye, by tabular Arrangement, a general Rule of Com-
position prevailing in the Holy Scriptures, Lon., 1825, r.4to.
“An ingenious attempt to extend to the epistolary writings of
the N. Testament the principles of composition so ably illustrated
by Bishop Jebb."-T. H. HORNE.
See Brit. Review, xxii. 176. Key to the Book of Psalms,
Lon., 1825, Svo.
"An ingenious application of Bishop Jebb's system of Poetical
Parallelism to the interpretation of the Book of Psalms."-T. H.
HORNE.
“The subject of parallelism is important.”—BICKERSTETH.
New Testament, with a Plain Exposition for the Use of
Families, Lon., 1827, s. 4to.
For perspicuity of expression, and power of application, it will
often hear comparison with the best."-GIRDLESTONE.
"Original, practical, and evangelical. . . . Well adapted for fa-
mily improvement."-BICKERSTETH.
Serms., Svo. Suppressed Evidence on Miracles, 1832, Svo
Tributes to the Dead, 12mo. Word for the Church, &c., 12mo,
Boys, T. S. Sketches of London, fol., £4 48. Co-
loured, £10 10s. Picturesque Architecture of Paris,
Ghent, Antwerp, Rouen, &c., 29 drawings in oil, fol., £4 48. ;
imp. fol., £6 68.
Our recommendation of it to all who love and can appreciate
art cannot be given in terms too strong; it is worthy of the high-
est possible praise. The work is of exceeding beauty."-Lon. Art
Union.
"A superb volume,”—London Spectator.
Boys, William, 1735–1803, an eminent surgeon and
antiquary, was a native of Kent. His principal work is
Collections for the History of Sandwich; 3 parts, 4to,
Lon., 1786, 'SS, '92.
"An elaborate and valuable work."
He contributed to Duncombe's History of Reculver and
Herne, 1783, and pub. Observations on the Kits-Coity
House, in Kent, in Archæol. vol. xi. Testacca Minuta
Rariora, by Boys, Walker, and Jacob, was pub. in 1784, 4to.
Boyse, John. Vindication of A. Osborne, Lon., 1690,
4to. Sacramental Hymns, 1693, 12mo. Passages rel. to
E. Fronch, 1693, Svo.
233
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Boyse, John. The Praise of Peace, Lon., 1742, 8vo.
Boyse, Joseph, 1660-1728, a native of Yorkshire,
joint-pastor with Dr. D. Williams, and afterwards with
Rev. Thos. Emlyn, in Dublin. Theolog. Works, 1691-
1724; collected, Lon., 1728, 2 vols. fol. One of his ser-
mons-on the Office of a Christian Bishop-was ordered
to be burned by the Irish Parliament, in Nov. 1711.
"Boyse has been called the dissenting Scott, but much more
polite. His language is plain, animated, and nervous; his matter
is excellently digested."-Doddridge.
Boyse, Samuel, 1708-1749, only son of the preceding
Poems, 1731. Albion's Triumph, 1742: anon. The Deity;
a Poem, 1740; 3d edit., 1752. Boyse was involved in great
distress in consequence of his idleness and improvidence.
He was one of the early associates of Dr. Johnson.
"Pope acknowledged that there were lines in his Deity which
he should not have been ashamed to have written."
“A beautiful and instructive poem."-HERVEY: Meditations.
Boyse, Samuel. See BOYCE.
Royston,, M.D., of New England, probably BoYLS-
TON, Z., (q. v.) Con. to Phil. Trans., 1724. Account of
Ambergris found in Whales.
Bozman, John Leeds, 1757-1823, a poet, his-
torian, and eminent lawyer; born at Oxford, Talbot co.,
Eastern Shore of Maryland, and educated at the Univ. of
Penna. 1. Observations on the Statute of Jac. I. ch. 16,
in relation to Estates Tail. 2. A New Arrangement of the
Courts of Justice of the State of Maryland, 1802. 3. His-
tory of Maryland from 1633-60, [introduction of which
was pub. 1811, and the complete work in 1837,] Baltimore,
2 vols. 8vo. 4. Essay on the Colonization Society, Wash-
ington, 1822. He was a constant contributor of prose and
verse to Dennie's Port-Folio and other journals of the day.
Bozun, or Bosen, an Anglo-Norman poet, wrote nine
short metrical lives of English saints, preserved in a MS.
of the British Museum; MSS. Cotton., Domit., A. XI.,
and perhaps a short piece in the preface of same volume.
See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Brabourne, Theoph. Treatises on the Sabbath,
Lon., 1628-60, &c.
Brace, Rev. Charles Loring, b. 1826, at Litchfield,
Connecticut. 1. Hungary in 1851, 12mo.
"There is probably not a work within the reach of the English
scholar that can afford him such a satisfactory view of Hungary,
as it now is, as this work of Mr. Brace."-Christian Intelligencer.
2. Home Life in Germany, N. York, 1853.
"A candid, earnest volume by an accurate and true-hearted ob-
server, it will hold an unique position. We are sure this volume
will have a wide circulation."-GEORGE RIPLEY.
3. Norsefolk: Travels in Norway and Sweden, N. York,
1857, 12mo.
Brace, John P., b. 1798, at Litchfield, Connecticut;
grad. Wm. College, 1812. Lecture to Young Converts.
Tales of the Devils. Fawn of the Pale-Faces, &c.
Brace, Jonathan, b. 1810, in Conn.; grad. Amherst
Coll., 1831. Scripture Portraits, N.Y., 1854, 12mo. Ser-
mons. Contrib. Biblical Repository, &c.
Bracken, Edw. Subordination enforced; a Serm., 1794.
Bracken, Henry, M.D. Works on Farriery, Lon.,
1738-51. Weston ascribes to him The Gentleman's and
Farmer's Guide, Svo.
Brackenbury, Edward. Expos. on Isaiah, Lon.,
1802, 8vo. Fifty-Three Discourses, Lon., 1806, 2 vols. 8vo.
"The plan is good and the execution sensible."-British Critic.
Brackenbury, Joseph. Natale Solum, &c., 1810, Svo.
Brackenridge, Henry M., b. 1786, at Pittsburg,
son of H. H. Brackenridge, (post.) 1. Views of Louisiana,
&c. in 1810, Pittsburg, 1812, Svo.
"To this work we are indebted for much various and useful in-
formation."-Edin. Rev., 1819.
2. Letter to Mr. Monroe, President of U. States; by an
American, pp. 100. 3. Voyage to South America in 1817-
18, Lon., 1820, 2 vols. 8vo.
"An extraordinary mass of information, replete with philosophic
views."-BARON HUMBOLDT.
4. History of Late War between U. S. and G. Britain,
12mo. 5. Recollections of Persons and Places in the
West: vol. i., 1834; vol. ii. in MS. 6. Essay on Trusts
and Trustees, Washington, 1842, 8vo. 7. History of the
Western Insurrection, MS.
Brackenridge, Hugh Henry, b. 1748, in Scotland,
d. 1816, Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, grad.
at Princeton College, 1771. The Rising Glory of America;
a Poem, 1774. Eulogium of the Brave Men who fell in
the Contest with Great Britain, 1779. Modern Chivalry:
The Adventures of Captain Farrago, 1792; 2d ed., 1808,
2 vols. Incidents of the Insurrection in 1794 in Pennsyl-
vania, 1795. Law Miscellanies, 1814.
"These Miscellanies are worthy of a careful perusal."-Anthon's
Blk., 30.
Brackenridge, William. 17 Sermons, 1761, Svo.
Braconnet, Henry. Chemical Con. to Nic. Jour.
&c., 1807-17.
Bracton, Henry de, an eminent English lawyer of
the 13th century, is stated by Sir William Pole and Prince
(vide Worthies of Devon) to have been a native of Devon-
shire. He appears to have studied at Oxford, where he
took the degree of LL.D. In ancient records his name is
written in various ways; as Bracton, Bratton, Breton,
Bretton, Briton, Britton, and Brycton: but Bp. Nicolson,
who adduces these names, confounds Bracton with John
Breton. In 1244 King Henry III. made him one of the
judges itinerant. His learned work, De Legibus et Con-
suetudinibus, was first printed in 1569, folio. In 1640 it
was printed in 4to, after an examination of many MSS.
It has, however, been alleged that some of the most cor-
rect MSS. were overlooked. One of the best MSS. of his
valuable works was burnt Oct. 23, 1731, by a fire which
seriously damaged the Cotton Library at Ashburnham
House. It is divided into five books, and these into tracts
and chapters.
"Consistently with the extensiveness and regularity of the plan,
the several parts of it are filled with a curious and accurate detail
of legal learning; so that the reader never fails of deriving in-
struction or amusement from the study of this scientific treatise
on our ancient laws and customs. It is written in a style much
beyond the generality of the writers of the age; being, though
not always polished, yet sufficiently clear, expressive, and nervous.
quaintance with the writings of the Roman lawyers and canonists,
The excellence of Bracton's style must be attributed to his ac-
from whom likewise he adopted greater helps than the language
in which he wrote. Many of those pithy sentences which have
been handed down from him as rules and maxims of our law, are
to be found in the volumes of the imperial and pontifical juris-
prudence. . . . The value set on this work soon after its publica-
tion is evinced by the treatises of Britton and Fleta, which are
nothing more than appendages to Bracton. The latter was in-
tended as an epitome of that author; and the most of the former
is confined to the single office of supplying some few articles that
had been touched lightly by him, with the addition of the statutes
made since he wrote. In after times he continued the great trea-
sure of our ancient jurisprudence. Thus was Bracton deservedly
looked up to as the first source of legal knowledge, even so low
down as the days of Lord Coke, who seems to have made the au
thor his guide in all inquiries into the foundation of our law."
Our legal readers are aware of the fact that M. Houard,
the Norman advocate, when he prepared an edition of
Glanville, Fleta, and Britton, refused to admit Bracton to
such good company, on the ground that his writings had
corrupted the law of England! This is like turning an
aged and virtuous Pûter familias out of doors on the
charge of disgracing his offspring! For an answer to M.
Houard's assertions, we need only point to his edition of
Littleton-Anciennes Loix des François. But we must not
forget that laymen are expected to "occupy the place of
the unlearned" in such matters. Bracton's great work can
never be "ruled out of court" by any "statute of limita-
tions." To the student of law, to the antiquary, and to
all who feel pleasure in tracing the progressive improve-
ments of a great science, its value will ever be consider-
able.
"The law-books of Bracton and Fleta were the ancient law of
the land, extending to all cases. These books are so strong, that
there has been no means of evading them but by denying their
authority, and calling them books of civil law, and I never knew
them denied for law except where some statute or ancient usage
has altered them."-LORD ALAND.
"There be some ancient writers of the law, namely, Bracton,
Britton, and Glainville, whom, as it is not unprofitable to read, so
give forth for law is now antiquated and abolished. Their books
to rely upon them is dangerous; for most of that which they do
are monumenta adorandæ rubiginis, which be of more reverence
than authority."—FULBECK.
"Bracton and Fortescue are the two most learned of the ancient
Lawyers."-Bishop WarBURTON.
"The best of judicial classics."-SIR WILLIAM JONES.
See Reeves's History of the English Law; Prince's
Worthies of Devon; Brooke's Bibl. Legum, vol. ii.; Biog.
Brit.; Bale; Pits; Tanner; Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Bradberry, David. Letter rel. to Test Act, &c., 1789.
Tetestai; a Poem, 1794.
Bradbury, John. Travels in the Interior of America
in 1809, '10, '11; including a Description of Upper Loui-
siana, Kentucky, Indiana, and Tennessee, Lon., 1817, 8vo.
Bradbury, Thomas, 1677-1759, a Dissenting minis-
ter, stationed in London, was celebrated for his facetious-
ness. He pub. a number of theological works, 1702-52.
Works, 3 vols. 8vo, 1762; again, 1772. He introduces
politics largely into his discourses.
"His style is copious and sprightly, and his Sermons discover
very extensive acquaintance with the Sacred Writings."-WALTER
WILSON: History of the Dissenters.
"His sermons all deserve reading. He was an excellent textu-
ary; his manner of handling doctrinal subjects is truly strength-
231
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ening to faith, tending to comfort, and subservient to practice."-
DR. E. WILLIAMS.
Bradbury, Wm. B., b. 1816, at York, Maine. Dis-
tinguished Musical Writer. Spent two years in Europe
pursuing his musical studies, and in collecting a large and
rare library of Musical Works. He was a pupil of the
celebrated M. Hauptman, Prof. of Harmony, &c. at Leip-
sic. Young Choir, N. Y., 1841. School Singer, 1843.
Flora's Festival, 1845. Young Melodist. Musical Gems.
Sabbath School Melodies. Young Shawm, 1855, &c.
"The above juvenile singing-books are very extensively used."
Psalmodist. Choralist. Mendelssohn Collection. Psal-
mata, or Choir Melodies. The Shawm, 1854, N. Y.
"These collections of Sacred Music are very popular."
Social Singing-Book. Alpine Glee-Book. Metropolitan
Glee-Book. Editor of N. York Musical Review, and Con-
trib. to various journals.
Bradby, James. Law of Distresses, Lon., 1808, 8vo.
Braddick, John. Con. to Trans. Hortic. Soc., 1817.
Braddon, Lawrence. Essex's Innocency and Ho-
nour Vindicated, Lon., 1690, 4to. Other works, 1614-1725.
The Miseries of the Poor a National Sin and Shame, 1717,8vo.
Bradford, A. W. American Antiquities, and Re-
searches into the Origin and History of the Red Race, New
York, 1843, imp. 8vo.
"An able investigation of a subject which has excited much at-
tention. This able work is a very desirable companion to those of
Stephens and others on the Ruins of Central America."
Bradford, Alden, LL.D., 1765-1843, a native of
Duxbury, Mass., pub. several works on History and Bio-
graphy, the best-known of which is A History of Massa
chusetts.
Bradford, Annie Chambers, b. at Georgetown, Ky.,
1828. 1. Nelly Bracken; a Story of South-Western Life,
Phila., 1854, 12mo. 2. Collection of Poems, 1855, 12mo.
Bradford, John, one of the most eminent martyrs in
the reign of Queen Mary, was burnt at Smithfield in 1555.
He was born at Manchester, in the former part of the reign
of Henry VIII.,entered of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, 1548,
was ordained 1550, and obtained great popularity as a
preacher. He wrote many theological treatises, the most
of which were pub. after his murder. An edit. pub. by
The Parker Society, Camb., 1848, was edited by Aubrey
Townsend, Esq. His Life, Writings, and Selections from
his Correspondence will be found in vol. vi. of the Fathers
of the English Church; and see Memoirs of the Life and
Martyrdom of, with letters, &c., by William Stevens, Lon.,
1832, 8vo. Writings in British Reformers. Religious
Tract Society, 12mo. Twenty-two of his letters will be
found in Coverdale's collection, and some of them are in
Fox and other Martyrologies.
"Bradford's Letters are among the most edifying and instruc-
tive remains of this period. The sweet spirit of adoption breathes
throughout."-BICKERSTETHI.
Bradford, John. Letter to the Erles of Arundel,
Darbie, Shrewsbury, and Pembroke, declarīg the Nature
of Spaniardes, &c., 1555, 16mo.
Bradford, John. Letter to the Inhabitants of Saf-
fron Walden, 1813.
Bradford, John. Sermon, Lon., 1746, 8vo.
Bradford, Samuel, D.D., 1652-1731, entered of
Bene't College, Cambridge, 1672; Prebendary of West-
minster, 1707; Bishop of Carlisle, 1718: translated to Ro-
chester, 1723. Tho Credibility of the Christian Religion,
preached at Boyle's Lecture, Lon., 1699, 1700, 4to; 1739,
fol. He also pub. separately 23 sermons, 1692-1720. Ho
assisted in the publication of Tillotson's Works.
Bradford, Samuel Dexter, of West Roxbury, Mass.
His writings, collected by himself, were printed for private
circulation. The opening article was composed in 1813; the
last contribution was written in 1855. Bost., 1858, pp. 427.
Bradford, William, 1588-1657, second governor
of Plymouth Colony, wrote a history of the Plymouth
people and colony, 1602-47, left in MS, Bost., 1856, Svo.
"Morton's memorial is an abridgment of it. Prince and Hutch-
inson had the use of it."
A fragment from his MS. book of copies of letters rela-
tive to the affairs of the colony has been pub. by the Mas-
sachusetts Historical Society.
"To which is subjoined a description and historical account of
New England in Verse."
He also pub. some theological pieces.
Bradford, William. Sketches of Portugal and
Spain, Lon., 1809. fol.
Bradford, William. Sermon, Lon., 1843, 8vo.
Bradford, William, 1755–1795, Attorney-general of
the United States, was a native of Philadelphia. He
pub. An Enquiry how far the Punishment of Death is ne-
cossary in Pennsylvania, with an Account of the Peniten-
tiary House of Philadelphia, by Caleb Lownes, 1795, 8vo.
This work was written at the request of Governor Mifflin.
Mr. Bradford was in early life a poetical contributor to the
Philadelphia magazines.
Bradley. Present for Cæsar against Tithes, 8vo.
Bradley, C. Educational works, 1809–16.
Bradley, Charles, Vicar of Glastonbury, Perp.
Curate of St. James's, Clapham. Sermons preached in
the Parish Church of High Wycombe, Lon., 1819, 8vo.
Parochial Sermons, Lon., 1827, 8vo. Sermons preached
in St. James's Chapel, Clapham, Surrey; 2d ed., Lon.,
1832, 8vo. Sermons preached chiefly at the Celebration
of the Lord's Supper; 2d ed., Lon., 1843, 8vo. Prac-
tical Sermons for Every Sunday and Principal Holy Day
in the Year; 3d edit., Lon., 1848, 2 vols. Svo. Some of
the vols. have gone through many editions.
"
Bradley's style is sententious, pithy, and colloquial. He is
simple, without being quaint, and he almost holds conversation
with his hearers without descending from the dignity of the sa
cred chair."-London Eclectic Review.
¦
"We earnestly desire that every pulpit in the kingdom may be
the vehicle of discourses as judicious and practical, as scriptural
63
and devout, as these."-London Christian Observer.
Very able and evangelical.”—BICKERSTETH.
Bradley, Christopher. Sermon, 1666, 4to.
Bradley, F., M.D. Profess. works, 1815-18.
Bradley, Henry. Remarks on the Ancient Physi-
cian's Legacy, Lon., 1733, Syo.
Bradley, James, 1692-1762, an eminent astronomer
and divine, a native of Shireborn, in Gloucestershire, was
admitted a commoner of Baliol College, Oxford, in 1710;
ordained deacon and priest in 1719; chosen Savilian Pro-
Letter to the Earl of Macclesfield on the fixed stars, Lon.,
fessor of Astronomy in Oxford, Oct. 31, 1721. He pub. a
1747, 4to. Some of his astronomical papers were pub. in
Phil. Trans., 1723, '28, '57. He left 13 folio and 2 quarto
vols. of observations made during 20 years at the Royal
Observatory; from these were pub. by the University of
Oxford, Astronomical Observations, &c., edited by the Rev.
N. Bliss, Oxf., 1798–1805.
world, with whom he had not a literary correspondence."
"It is said there was not an astronomer of any eminence in the
Bradley, John. Sermons, 1706-13, 4to.
Bradley, John. Astronomical Con. to Trans. Ame-
ric. Soc. i. 108.
Bradley, O. W., M.D. A Treatise on Forensic Me-
dicine, or Medical Jurisprudence, 1815.
Bradley, R. Practical Points, or Maxims in Con-
veyancing, 3d edit., Lon., Svo, by J. Riston.
They contain some useful hints, but are not all to be depended
upon."
..
Bradley, Richard, d. 1732, Professor of Botany at
Cambridge, 1724, was a voluminous writer upon garden-
ing and agriculture, 1716-29, his works forming two folio,
four quarto, and nearly twenty Svo volumes.
lish, 1716-27, 4to, with plates.
Historia Plantarum Succulentarum, in Latin and Eng
"The figures are exceedingly well done in the style of the time.
It preserves its value, as being cited by Linnæus, and as containing
some plants not figured in any other publication.”—DR. PULTENEY.
A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature, 1721,4to.
"This was a popular, instructive, and entertaining work, and
continued in repute several years."-Nichols's Literary Ancedates.
The same may be said of his General Treatise of Hus-
bandry and Gardening, 2 vols. 8vo, 1726, and of his Prac-
tical Discourses concerning the four Elements as they re-
Dictionarium
late to the growth of Plants, Sro, 1727.
Botanicum, 2 vols. Svo, 1728. Dr. Pulteney thinks that
this was the first attempt of the kind in English. For a
list of Bradley's works, with comments thereon, see Ni-
chols's Literary Anecdotes, vol. i. 446; and consult Do-
naldson's Agricult. Biog.
yet they are not destitute of interesting knowledge, collected from
"Though Bradley's writings do not abound in new discoveries,
contemporary gardeners and from books. He was an advocate
for the circulation of the sap, and made several new observations
on the sexes of plants, in consequence of the production of hybrid
species, by which he added strength to that doctrine."-Dr. Pul-
tency's Hist, and Bing, Sketches, vol. ii.
Bradley, S. A Sermon on Selfishness, 1808.
Bradley, Samuel. Cause of the Innocent, 1664, 4to.
Bradley, Stephen R., of Connecticut, d. 1830, aged
76. He pub. Vermont's Appeal, 1779, which has been
sometimes ascribed to Ira Allen.
Bradley, Thomas. Sermons, 1650-70, 4to.
Bradley, Thomas, D.D. Sermons, 1661-67, 4to.
Bradley, Thomas, M.D., d. 1813, aged 62. A New
Medical Dictionary, Lon., 1803, 12mo. Con. to Med. Phys.
Jour. Memoirs Med., &c., 1795-1813.
Bradley, William H., of Rhode Island, d. 1825. Ho
pub. Giuseppino, 1822, and many fugitive pieces of poetry.
235
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Bradly, John. Elements of Geography, 1813.
Bradney, Joseph. Art of the Apothecary, 1796,
8vo. Bullion and Banks, 1810, Svo. Ancient Layman,
Ancient Layman,
1812, Svo.
Bradshaigh, Thomas. Sermons, 1715, '20, '47.
Bradshaw. Treatise on Wools, 1754, Svo.
Bradshaw, Henry, an early English poet, d. 1513,
entered whilst a boy into the Benedictine monastery of
St. Werberg, in Chester, his native city. He studied at
Gloucester, now Worcester, College, in the suburbs of Ox-
ford, and after a course of theology
"He returned to his cell at St. Werberg, and in his elder years
wrote De Antiquitate & Magnificentia Urbis Cestriæ; Chronicou,
&c.,❞—so necessary, even to the most devout, is regular labour.
Ile trans. from the Latin The Holy Lyfe and History
of Saynt Werburge, very frutefull for all Christen People
to rede. Imprinted by Richard Pynson, 1521, 4to; sup-
posed to have been trans. ante 1500. See an interesting
account of this volume in Dibdin's Typog. Antiq. vol. ii.
491. It is a volume of great rarity. Sold in the Wood-
house sale for £31 108.; priced in Bibl. Anglo-Poet. £63;
resold by Saunders in 1818 for £42.
Lyfe of Saynt Radegunde. Impr. by Richard Pynson, 4to.
"Although the name of the author or translator of this book
does not directly appear upon the face of it, yet on comparing it
with the life of St. Werburge, it may readily be perceived that
both were penned by the same person, Henry Bradshaw, but
hitherto omitted in every list of his works."-Herbert's Typog. Antiq.
Sold at the Woodhouse sale, 1803, for £17 178.
"Henry Bradshaw has rather larger pretensions to poetical fame
than William of Nassington, although scarcely deserving the name
of an original writer in any respect. . . . Bale, a violent reformer,
observes, that our poet was a person remarkably pious for the
times in which he flourished. This is an indirect satire on the
monks, and on the period which preceded the Reformation. I be
lieve it will readily be granted, that our author had more piety
than poetry."- Wurton's Hist, of Eng. Poetry,
But audi alteram partem:
"It is presumed from the specimen of Bradshaw's poetry above
selected, that his name will stand among the foremost in the list
of those of the period wherein he wrote. His descriptions are
oftentimes happy, as well as minute; and there is a tone of moral
purity and rational piety in his thoughts, enriched by the legend-
ary lore of romance, that renders many passages of his poem
[Saynt Werburge] exceedingly interesting."—Dibdin's Typ. Antiq..
vol. ii. 491. See also Wood's Athen. Oxon., by Bliss, i. 13-19, and
Savage's Librarian, ii. 75-79.
Bradshaw, James, d. 1702, aged 67, a Noncon-
formist divine, educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
The Sleepy Spouse of Christ alarmed, Lon., 1677, Svo.
The Trial and Triumph of Faith.
Bradshaw, John. Nature and Obligation of Oaths,
Lon., 1662, 4to. Concerning Tenderness of Conscience,
Lon., 4to.
Bradshaw, Hon. Mary Ann Cavendish. Me-
moirs of the Countess d'Alva, 2 vols. 8vo, 1808. Ferdi-
nand and Ordella, 2 vols. 12mo, 1810.
Bradshaw, Sergeant. Heroic Epistle to John
Dunning, Esq., 1780, 4to.
·
lish Puritanism, 1605.
"This is valuable, as showing the difference between the princi-
This is valuable, as showing the difference between the princi-
ples of the ancient and modern Nonconformists. Neal has given
an abstract of it. and Dr. Ames translated it into Latin."
Treatise of Justification, Lon., 1615, Svo. The same in
Latin, Leyd., 1618, 12mo; Oxon., 1658, 8vo. Other works.
have risen to distinction, is RICHARD H. DANA,(q. v.,) the
well-known American author. The first collection of Mrs.
Bradstreet's poems was pub. in 1640, under the title of
Several Poems, compiled with great variety of Wit and
Learning, full of delight; wherein especially is contained
a compleat Discourse and Description of the Four Ele-
ments, Constitutions, Ages of Man, and Seasons of the
Year, together with an exact Epitome of the Three First
Monarchies, viz.: The Assyrian, Persian, and Grocian;
and the beginning of the Roman Commonwealth to tho
end of their last King, with divers other Pleasant and
Serious Poems: by a Gentlewoman of New England.
This vol. was reprinted in London with the "Tenth Muse,
second American edition, from the press of John Foster,
lately sprung up in America," prefixed to the title. A
Boston, in 1678:
"He was of a strong brain and of a free spirit, not suffering
himself for small differences of judgment to be alienated from his
friends, to whom, notwithstanding his seeming austerity. he was
very pleasing in conversation, being full of witty and harmless
urbanity."—BISHOP HALL.
Bradshaw, William, D.D., Bishop of Bristol, 1724,
d. 1732, aged 60. Two Sermons, 1714, '47, Svo.
Bradstreet, Anne, 1613-1672, daughter of Thomas
Dudley, Governor of Massachusetts, was a native of
Northampton, England. At the age of 16 she married
Simon Bradstreet, and accompanied him to America in
1630. Her husband became Governor of Massachusetts
in 1680. Among the descendants of Mrs. Bradstreet who
"Corrected by the author, and enlarged by the addition of
several other poems found among her papers after her death."
Mrs. Bradstreet's poems bear evidence of an intimate
acquaintance with, and great admiration of, "Great Bartas'
sugared lines." Sylvester's trans. of the Divine Weeks of
Du Bartas had introduced this poet to a large circle of
English admirers.
Mrs. Bradstreet thus expresses her admiration of the
Soldier-Poet:
"But when my wandering eyes and envious heart
Great Bartas' sugared lines do but read o'er,
Fool! I do grudge the muses did not part
"Twixt him and me their over-fluent store
A Bartas can do what a Bartas will-
But simple I, according to my skill."
Nathaniel Ward, the author of The Simple Cobbler of
Agawam, would have us to understand that, whatever
might be Mrs. Bradstreet's opinion in the premises, yet
Apollo was not by any means satisfied of the unquestion-
able precedence of Du Bartas:
"Mercury showed Apollo Bartas' book,
Minerva this, and wished him well to look
And tell uprightly which did which excel,
He viewed and viewed and vowed he could not tell.”
See Griswold's Female Poets of America.
More distinguished authorities than Ward vied in cele-
brating Mrs. Bradstreet's poetical effusions.
Dr. Cotton Mather considered her works to be
In the height of enthusiasm, good John Norton goes so
far as to declare, that if Virgil could hear her works, he
would condemn his own to the flames. As the Mantuan
Bradshaw, Thomas. The Shepherd's Starre, Now
of late scene, and at this hower to be observed merueilous
orient in the East: which bringeth glad tydings to all
that may behold her brightness, hauing the foure elements
with the foure Capitall vertues in her, which makes her
Elementall and a vanquisher of all earthly humors. De-
scribed by a Gentleman late of the Right worthie and
honorable the Lord Burgh, his companie and retinue in
the Briell in Northholland. London, printed by Robert Bard is not likely to be gratified by hearing Mrs. Brad-
Robinson, 1591, 4to, pp. 60. Priced in Bibl. Anglo-Poet. street's effusions, it is idle to discuss the position assumed
£30; resold by Saunders, in 1818, for £10 108.!
Bradshaw, William, 1571-1618, an eminent Puri-be capable of such an act of philanthropic abnegation, or
by Norton, and argue whether Virgil would or would not
tan divine, admitted of Emanuel College, Cambridge, ebullition of disappointed rivalry, as the combustion of
1589; minister of Chatham, Kent, 1601; subsequently his verses would display to the eyes of an astonished and
lecturer of Christ Church, Newgate Street, London. Eng- mourning world. Miserable as Virgil's effusions may be,
when compared with the verses of Mrs. Bradstreet, yet
somehow we have become accustomed to him, and could
better spare a better poet,-even the famed "Tenth Muse"
herself.
"A monument to her memory, beyond the stateliest marble.”—
Magnalia.
"Your only hand those poesies did compose;
Your head the source whence all these springs did flow.”
Joan Rogers: President of Harvard College.
"Now I believe Tradition, which doth call
The Muses, Virtues. Graces, females all;
Only they are not nine, eleven. nor three:-
Our authoress proves them but one unity."
BENJAMIN WOODBRIDGE, first graduate of Harvard College.
"One unity" is it possible? How strange!
John Norton describes this
"peerless gentlewoman, the mirror of her age and glory of her sex:
"Praise her who list, yet he shall be a debtor,
For art ne'er feigned, nor nature formed, a better.'"
"These praises run into hyperbole, and prove, perhaps, that
their authors were more gallant than critical: but we perceive
from Mrs. Bradstreet's poems that they are not destitute of imagi
nation, and that she was thoroughly instructed in the best learn-
ing of the age."-R. W. GRISWOLD.
Bradstreet, Anne. Poems, Lon., 1858.
Bradstreet, Capt. Dudley. Life and Uncommon
Adventures of, Dublin, 1755, Svo. Major Dudley Brad-
street, son of Governor Simon Bradstreet, was taken pri-
soner, with his wife, by the Indians, at Andover, in 1698.
Bradstreet, Robert. The Sabine Farm; a Poem,
Lon., 1810, Svo.
Bradstreet, Simon, d. 1741, aged 72, minister at
Charlestown, Massachusetts, wrote a Latin epitaph upon
his predecessor, Rev. Mr. Morton, which has been pre-
served by the Mass. Hist. Society.-Mass. Hist. Coll. viii. 75.
Bradstreet, Simon, d. 1771, minister at Marble-
head, Massachusetts, was a son of the preceding. He
236
BRA
BRA
pub. a sermon on the death of his brother Samuel, 1755.
-Mass. Hist. Coll., viii. 75, 76.
Bradwardin, Bradwardine, or Bredwardine,
Thomas, an English schoolman of the 14th century,
known as the "Profound Doctor," was consecrated Arch- | 8vo.
bishop of Canterbury in 1349, and died a few weeks after-Thirteen Sermons, 1713, 8vo.
wards. He was of Merton College, Oxford, and one of the
Proctors of that University in 1325. Astronomical Tables
in MS. in the possession of Sir Henry Savile. Geome-
trica Speculativa, cum Arithmetica speculativa, Paris,
1495-1504, fol. Arithmetica, printed separately in 1502;
other editions of both, 1512-30. De Proportionibus, Paris,
1495; Venice, 1505, fol. De Quadratura Circuli, Paris,
1495, fol. De Causa Dei contra Pelagium, et de Virtute
Causarum libri tres; ex editione Henrici Savilii, Lon.,
1618, fol. This refutation of Pelagianism is Bradwardine's
principal work, and gained him great renown.
"A3 Bradwardine was a very excellent mathematician, he en-
deavoured to treat theological subjects with a mathematical accu-
racy; was the first divine, as far as I know, says Sir Henry Savile,
who pursued that method. The book against Pelagianism is one
regular connected series of reasoning from principle, or conclusions
which have been demonstrated before."
6.
Accused by the Catholics as holding out the same doctrine
which has since been termed Protestantism."-DR. ADAM CLARKE.
"It is a surprising work for the age in which it appeared."-
BICKERSTETH.
-
Dissertations on the Names of Persons, 12mo. Varieties
of Literature. Svo.
Brady, Samuel. Medical Essays, 1722, &c.
Brady, Terence, M.D. Medical Essays, 1755-60.
Bragge, Francis, Vicar of Hitchin, and Prebendary
of Lincoln. Discourse on the Parables, Lon., 1694, 2 vols.
Observations on the Miracles, 2 vols. 8vo, 1702-04.
Theol. Works, 5 vols. 8vo.
"I would likewise recommend Bragge on the Parables and
Miracles of our Saviour: especially if one would learn to emanci-
pate himself from the slavery of using notes."-DR. WOTTON.
Brady, Nicholas, 1659-1726, a native of Bandon,
Ireland, educated at Westminster and Christ Church, Ox-
ford, became minister of Richmond, Surrey, and Rector of
Clapham. Theolog. Treatises, Sermons, &c., 1695-1724.
The Eneids of Virgil, trans. into English verse, Lon.,
1726, 4 vols. 8vo, pub. by subscription. He is best known
by the New Version of the Psalms of David, executed in
conjunction with Nahum Tate, Lon., 1695, Svo; (the first
20,) 1698, Svo; 1700, 1703.
"Tate and Brady are too quaint, and where the Psalmist rises
to sublimity (which is very often the case) are apt to sink into
bombast; yet Tate and Brady have many good passages, especially
in those psalms that contain simple enunciations of moral truth."
—DR. BEATTIE.
Brady, Nicholas. Sermon, 1738, 4to.
Brady, Robert, M.D., d. 1700, a native of Norfolk,
was admitted of Caius College, Cambridge, 1643. An
Answer to Mr. Petyt's book on Parliaments. Lon., 1681,
Svo. An Introduction to the Old English History, &c..
Lon., 1681, 4to; 2d edit. enlarged. 1684, fol. Dr. B. wrote
two other treatises on historical matters, 1690-91, and a
letter to Dr. Sydenham on the Influence of the Air on
Human Bodies; pub. in Sydenham's Works. But his
best-known work is A Complete History of England from
the first Entrance of the Romans to the Death of K.
Richard II., vol. i., Lon., 1685, fol.; ii., 1700, fol.: with
the Introduction, (see above,) 1684, 3 vols. fol. Hume is
said to have been chiefly indebted to Brady for the facts
and principles of his history. Brady's accuracy has been
highly commended.
•
"It is compiled so religiously upon the very text, letters, and
syllable of the authorities, especially those upon record, that the
work may justly pass for an antiquarian law-book."-LORD KEEPER
GUILFORD.
"It is a work which will every year necessarily become rarer
and rarer, and the well-disposed towards an acquisition of good
old English History, will do well to secure a copy of it.”—Dibilin's
Library Companion.
Dr. Wotton also recommends the study of Bragge's Dis-
courses "to prepare the mind, and, consequently the style,
for the composition of Sermons.'
Bragge, Francis. A Treatise on Witchcraft, 1712,8vo.
Bragge, J. Duke of York as Commander, 1811, 8vo.
Bragge, Robert,1665-1737-38. Sermons, 1674-1739.
Brahm, W. G. de. Atlantic Pilot, Lon., 1772, 8vo..
Braid, James. Neurypnology, or the Rationale of
Nervous Sleep, considered in relation with Animal Mag-
netism, Lon., 1843, Svo.
The story upon which Parnell's poem of the Hermit is
founded is supposed to have been derived from an apo-
logue in this book. Chaucer refers to Bradwardine as a
great authority in the Schools. See The Nonnes Priestes Tale.
Bradwell, Stephen. A Watchman for the Post,
Lon., 1625, 4to. Helps for Suddain Accidents, Lon., 1633,
12mo. Physick for the Plague, Lon., 1636, 4to.
Brady, J. H. Churchwarden and Overseer's Guide,
Lon., 12mo. Law of Debtor and Creditor, 12mo. Diction-
ary of Parochial Law and Taxation, 12mo. Executor's
Executor's
Account-Book, 4to. Guide to Knole, Kent, 1839, Svo; do.,
Lon., 12mo. Familiar Law Adviser, 18mo. Other works.
Brady, John. The Clavis Calendaria, or a Com-contributions to the Connecticut Mirror, which he edited
for five years, was pub. in 1825, and very favourably re-
pendious Analysis of the Kalendar. Illustrated by Ec-
ceived. This volume contained but little more than half
clesiastical, Historical, and Classical Anecdotes, Lon.,
of the poetry comprised in the third edition. An edit. was
1813, 2 vols. 8vo; abridged, 1814, 12mo.
pub. in 1832, which contains an account of his life by John
G. Whittier, an intimate friend. A number of pieces in
this volume were not the compositions of Brainard. The
last edition of his works, pub. in 1842, (Hartford, 16mo,)
gives us some insight into his career as a Newspaper Editor
-that Sisyphus of modern days.
"Especially to students in divinity and law, it will be an in-
valuable acquisition; and we hesitate not to declare that, in pro-
portion as its merits become known to the public, it will find its
way to the libraries of every gentleman and scholar in the king-
dom."-Lom. Quart. Review.
"Very few publications have so fair a claim to merit."-Lon.
Gent. Mag.
"Replete with learning and anecdote, so as to command the
most lively attention."-Anti-Jacobin Review.
"Unlimited skepticisin is equally the child of imbecility, as im-
plicit credulity."-DUGALD Stewart.
Braidwood, Messrs. Vox Oculis subjecta, 1783 8vo.
Braidwood, W. Baptist, of Edinburgh. Theolog.
Works, with Memoir of his Life and Writings, by William
Jones, 1838, Svo.
"He possessed a masculine understanding, profound acquaint
ance with Scripture, and discriminating judgment.”
Brailsford, J. Sermons, 1761-76, 8vo.
Braim, T. H. History of New South Wales to 1844,
2 vols. p. 8vo.
"As a regular systematic account of this colony, developing the
present state and future prospects of the fifth quarter of the globe,
Mr. Braim's history merits and will obtain a permanent place in
the library."-Lm. Literury Gazette.
Brainard, John G. C., 1796-1828, an American
poet of considerable note, was a native of New London,
Connecticut. He graduated at Yale College in 1815, and
then commenced the practice of the law at Middletown,
Conn. A volume of his poems, consisting partly of his
"He failed only in his humorous pieces; in all the rest his
language is appropriate and pure, his diction free and harmonious,
and his sentiments natural and sincere. His serious poems are
characterized by deep feeling and delicate fancy: and if we had no
records of his history, they would show that he was a man of
great gentleness, simplicity, and purity."-R. W. GRISWOLD.
Brainerd, David, 1718-1747, an eminent missionary
to the North American Indians, was a native of Haddam,
Connecticut. An Account of his Life, chiefly from his
own Diary, by Jonathan Edwards; to which is annexed
I. Mr. Brainerd's Journal while among the Indians. II. Mr.
Pemberton's Sermon at his ordination. With an Appendix
relative to Indian Affairs, Edin., 1765, Svo. A new edit.
of his Memoirs was pub. in 1822, by Sereno Edwards
Dwight, including his Journal. Mr. Edwards had omitted
the already printed Journals, which had been pub. in two
parts; the first from June 19th to Nov. 4, 1745, entitled
Mirabilia Dei inter Indicos: the second from Nov. 24 to
June 19, 1746, under the title Divine Grace Displayed, &c.
Mr. Dwight has incorporated those journals in a regular
chronological series with the rest of the Diary as above
given by Edwards.
His friend, President Edwards, declares that he
"Never knew his equal of his age and standing, for clear, accu-
rate notions of the nature and essence of true religion, and its
distinctions from its various false appearances.”
Brainthwait, William, Master of Gonville and
Caius College, was one of the 47 divines commissioned by
James I. to prepare the version of the Holy Scriptures
which bears the name of that monarch. The Apocrypha
was confided to Drs. Brainthwait, Radclyffe, Downes,
Boyse, and Messrs. Ward.
Braithwait, Gulielmus. Siren Coelestis, Lon., 1638.
Braithwait, Richard. See BRATHWAIT.
Braithwaite, Captain John. History of the Re-
volutions in the Empire of Morocco in 1727-28. Lon., 1729,
r. Svo. Trans. into Dutch, German, and French.
"Besides the historical details, the accuracy of which is un-
doubted, as Braithwaite was an eye-witness of the events he de-
scribes, this work gives us some valuable information on the
physical and moral state of the people."-STEVENSON.
Braithwaite, John. Account of his Travels, La-
237
BRA
BRA
bours in the Ministry, and Writings, by Robert Dickin-
son, Lon., 1825, 12mo.
“A valuable addition to the stores of modern religious blo-
graphy.”— Wesleyan Methodist Mag..
Braken, Henry. Medical Essays, Lon., 1737,'39, Svo.
Bralesford, Humph. Theolog. Treatises, 1689,
1724, Svo.
Bramah, Joseph, 1749-1815, a skilful engineer, best
known by the lock which bears his name. Dissertation
on the Construction of Locks, Lon., 1787, 8vo. Letter
rel. to Watt's Patent, 1797, Svo. Con. to Nic. Jour.: A
New Press, 1797. A Jib, 1804.
Bramble, Robert. The Royal Brides, or Sketches
of Exalted Characters, 1816, 3 vols. 12mo.
Bramhall, John, D.D., 1593-1663, a native of Ponte-
fract, Yorkshire, entered Sydney College, Cambridge, 1608.
He was made Prebendary of York, then of Ripon, went to
Ireland in 1633, and became Archdeacon of Meath; in
1634 he was promoted to the bishopric of Londonderry,
and in 1661 was translated to the primacy of Armagh. A
Sermon preached before the Earle of Newcastle, York,
1643, 4to. (Not included in his works.) A Fair Warning
against the deception of the Scotch Discipline, 1649, 4to.
A Vindication of the Church of England against Criminal
Schism, Lon., 1654, Svo. An Answer to De la Militiere's
Victory of Truth, Hague, 1654, Svo. A Defence of True
Liberty, in answer to Hobbes's Treatise of Liberty and
Necessity, Lon., 1655, 8vo. A Repub. of the Bp. of
Chalcedon's Survey, Lon., 1666, Svo. Castigation of Mr.
Hobbes's last Animadversions, in the case concerning
Liberty and universal Necessity, with an Appendix con-
cerning the catching of the Leviathan, Lon., 1658, 8vo.
The Consecration and Succession of Protestant Bishops
vindicated, Graven., 1650, Svo. Schism guarded against,
and beaten back upon the right owners, 1658, 8vo. Vin-
dication of the Episcopal Clergy, 1672, 4to. Life and
Works, Dublin, 1677, fol.; repub. in Library of Anglo-
Cath. Theology, 5 vols. 8vo, Oxf., 1842-45. Archbishop
Bramhall was a man of great energy of character, and
highly esteemed by his contemporaries. During the Civil
War he resided chiefly abroad. An answer to Milton's
Defensio Populi was attributed to him, but Mr. Todd dis-
proves the charge in his Life of Milton.
66
Perhaps the most valuable part of his works is that in which
he contended with Hobbes. He argued with great acuteness
against Hobbes's notions on liberty and necessity, in the Catching
of the Leviathan, in which he undertakes to demonstrate, out of
Hobbes's own works, that no sincere Hobbist can be a good Chris-
tian, or a good Commonwealth's man, or reconcile himself to
himself."
Bramston. Sermon on Rom. x. 2, Svo.
Bramston, James, d. 1744, Vicar of Starting, in
Sussex. The Art of Politics; in imitation of Horace's
Art of Poetry. The Man of Taste; occasioned by Pope's
Epistle on that subject: both pub. in Dodsley's Collection,
vol. i. The Crooked Sixpence; in imitation of Philips's
Splendid Shilling; pub. in The Repository, vol. i.
Dr. Warton objects to his Man of Taste, that he has made his
hero laugh at himself and his own follies. The satire, however, in
other respects, is truly legitimate.”
Bramston, John. Theolog. treatises, 1688, 1724.
Bramston, William. Sermons, 1695-1714.
Bramwell, George. Analytical Table of the Private
Acts 1 Geo. II. to 52 Geo. III., Lon., 1813, r. Svo.
Branch, John. Ready Reckoner, 1804, Svo. The
British Museum, or elegant Repository of Natural History,
1803, '04, 4 vols. 12mo; in conjunction with W. Holloway.
Branch, or Branche, Thomas. Principia Legis
et quitatis; being an Alphabetical Collection of above
20,000 maxims, principles, or rules, definitions, and re-
markable sayings, in Law and Equity, by T. B., 1753,
12mo; 2d edit. enlarged, 1810, 12mo; 5th edit. with addi-
ticns, and the Latin maxims and notes translated, by J.
Richardson, Lon., 1824, 12ıno. American edit., from the
4th English edit., by W. W. Hening, with additions, Rich-
mond, 1824, 8vo. Mr. Warren points out errors in Rich-
ardson's edit.
“As a manual, this little book contains more law, and more use-
ful matter, than any one book of the same size which can be put
into the hands of the student.”
"It is more extensive than Noy's Maxims, and draws so copiously
from the Common Law Reports, and writers of the age of Elizabeth,
and since that time, that it may be regarded as the accumulated
spirit and wisdom of the great body of the English Law.”
See Preston on Abstracts, 214; 2 Kent, 554; Warren's
Law Studies, 802.
Brancker, or Branker, Thomas, 1636-1676. Doc-
trine of the Sphere, in Latin, Oxf., 1662. Introduc. to
Algebra; trans. from the High-Dutch, Lon., 1668. A Trans.
from Rhonius.
Brand, Adam. Journal of the Embassy from Mus-
covy to China over Land; trans. from the High-Dutch,
| Lon., 1698, Svo.
Brand, Sir Alexander. A Specimen of Bishop
Burnet's Candour and Integrity, Lon., 1715, 8vo.
Brand, Charles. Treat. on Assurances, &c., 1775, Svo.
Brand, Miss Hanna. Plays and Poems, Lon.,
1798, Svo.
Brand, John. Description of Orkney, Zetland, Pight-
land, Firth, and Caithness, Edin.,1701,12mo; and 1703,8vo.
"A curious and interesting account."-LoWNDES.
Brand was commissioned to visit Orkney, &c. by the
General Assembly.
Brand, John, 1743-1806, Secretary to the Society of
Antiquaries; educated at Lincoln College, Oxford; Curate
of Cramlinton Chapel, Newcastle, 1774; Rector of St. Mary-
at-Hill, London, 1784. On Illicit Love; written among the
Observations on
ruins of Godstow Nunnery, 1775, 4to.
Popular Antiquities, including the whole of Mr. Bourne's
Antiquitates Vulgares, with Addenda to each Chapter of
that work, as also Appendix containing such Notices on
the Subject as have been omitted by the Author, Newc.,
1777, Svo. A new edit. greatly enlarged, by Sir Henry
Ellis, [Principal Librarian of the British Museum,] 2 vols.
4to, 1813; with further additions, 1843, 3 vols. 12mo; repub.
in Mr. H. G. Bohn's Antiquarian Library in 1849-one of
his many invaluable series of good books.
"Whatever of importance has occurred to the Editor in augmen-
tation of the work since the publication of the last edition, has been
added to the preface, and another copious Index supplied."—Pref
Of this excellent work it has been said that
"Any one who will read on each respective day, the chapter which
belongs to it, will, when he has got through the volume, have a bet-
ter notion of what English History is, than he will get from almost
any other work professedly named a 'History.'
>>> See an article in
Quar.
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Lon., 1789, 4to, 2 vols.
History and Antiquities of the Town and County of
Con. to
Archæol. viii., 1788, and to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1797.
Brand was a noted collector of curious books, and pos-
sessed a noble library, which was sold in 1807; see Dib-
din's Bibliomania, 452-4. The BIBLIOMANIAC should secure
a copy of this catalogue, with the prices marked.
Brand, John, d. 1808, an English divine, educated at
1800, and several political treatises, &c., 1772-1807. His
Caius College, Cambridge, pub. two Sermons, 1794, and
essay entitled Conscience, pub. 1772, 4to, was written for
the Seatonian Prize, but was unsuccessful.
Brand, Robert. Reducing Ruptures, Lon., 1771, 8vo.
Brand, T. J. Select Diss. from Amagmitates Aca-
demicæ; a sup. to Stillingfleet's Tracts, &c., 1781-82, 2
vols. 8vo.
Brand, Thomas, Surgeon. Profess. works, 1778-88.
1814, Svo, on the Corn Laws.
Brand, Thomas. A Letter to W. Wiltshire, Lon.,
Brande, A. E. Medical Treatises, Lon., 1791-1800.
Brande, William. Chem. treatises, 1806-09.
Brande, William Thomas, b. 1780, an eminent
Chemist and Lecturer, Professor of Chemistry in the Royal
Institution, long the assistant of Sir Humphry Davy. Cat.
of Geological Specimens, Svo. Dict. of Materia Medica
and Pharmacy, 1829, Svo. Outlines of Geology, 1839, p. 8vo.
Table of Chemical Equivalents, &c., 1843, Svo. Tables of
Specific Gravities and Equivalents, 1828, Svo. Manual of
Chemistry, 2 vols., 6th ed. 1848, Svo. A Manual of Phar-
macy, Svo.
"Mr. Brande's extensive experience as a pharmaceutist is very
ably embodied in this work. It should be in the possession of
every practitioner and pharmacopolist."-Lon. Medical Repository
A Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art, assisted by
Joseph Cauvin, and other gentlemen of eminence in their
respective departments; 1842, 8vo, 2d ed., 1852, pp. 1423.
"An admirable work, supplying what all scientific and literary
men must have long felt to be a desideratum in our literature.
He who has no encyclopædia will find it an excellent substitute
for one: and he who has will find it a valuable supplement."-
Lon. Eclectic Review.
"Nearly all branches of science and art and human inquiry are
embraced in these compact and laborious pages."-Lon. Monthly
Chronicle.
Lectures on Organic Chemistry, ed. by Dr. Scoffern, 1854,
12mo.
Brander, Gustavus, 1720-1787, a merchant and an-
tiquary, con. some articles to Phil. Trans., 1754. Sce
Archæol., iv., 1776. He presented to the Brit. Museum his
valuable collection of fossils, an account of which was
pub. at his expense, with Latin descriptions by Dr. Solan-
der: Fossilia Hantoniensia, &c., 1776, 4to.
Brandish, Joseph. Use of Caustic Alkali, Lon., 1811.
Brandling, H. C. Views in the North of France,
Lon., 1848, fol., £5 38., coloured, £5 58.
233
BRA
BRA
Brandon, Isaac. Fragments after Sterne, 1808, 12mo.
Kais; Opera, 1808, 8vo.
Brandon, John. Everlasting Fire no Fancy, Lon,,
1678, 4to. A Practical Discourse, 1690.
Brandon, Raphael and Arthur, architects. Analy-
sis of Gothic Architecture, 1848, 2 vols. imp. 4to. Open
Timber Roofs of the Middle Ages, 1849, r. 4to.
"Almost every branch of Ecclesiastical Architecture has been
ably investigated, with, perhaps, the single, but important, excep
tion of the roofing of our churches.... It is with a view of sup
plying this information that this work has been undertaken."
Parish Churches, being Perspective Views of English
Ecclesiastical Structures, new ed., 1849, r. 8vo.
"From the judicious selection which has been made, it bids fair
to be a very useful publication to the Architect and Parish Priest."
-English Review.
Branwhite, 1745–1794, wrote some poems.
Brasbridge, Joseph. Fruits of Experience, Lon.,
1824, 8vo.
Brandon, Richard, the wretch who beheaded Charlesby's Tour..
I. His Confession, 1649. His Last Will and Testament,
1649, 4to. Both these tracts are in the British Museum.
Brandon, Samuel. Tragi-comodi of the vertuous
Octavia, Lon., 1598, 12mo.
"Notwithstanding the high opinion he, and perhaps some of his
partial friends, might entertain of it, it is now entirely forgotten."
·Biog. Dramat.
Unkind critic!
Brandreth, Joseph, M.D. Med. treatises, Edin.,
1779-1791.
Bransby,James H. Theolog. treatises, &c., 1806-14.
Bransley,John. The Use of the Globes, Lon.,1791,8vo.
Brant, J. Dis. at Bampton Lecture, 1812, 8vo.
Brant, Joseph, d. 1807, aged 65, a celebrated Mo-
hawk chief, contemplated writing a history of the Six Na-
tions of which he was the head. He pub. The Book of
Common Prayer, and The Gospel according to St. Mark,
in the Mohawk and English languages, Lon., 1787, 8vo.
The Gospel according to St. John in Mohawk, ascribed to
him in the Cambridge Catalogue, was the work of the
chief, John Norton; it is sine anno, but was printed at
London in 1807, or 1808, by the Brit. and For. Bible So-
ciety, in an edit. of 2000 copies. See Allen's Amer. Biog.
Dict.; Mass. Hist. Coll. x. 154.
"Here is a gentleman lives to the ripe age of eighty, and yet
must twaddle in boards' before he dies. Example, villanous ex-
ample!”—Blackwood's Mag.
Brasbridge, Thomas, M.D., b. 1537, educated at
Magdalen College, Oxf. Poore Man's Jewell, that is to
say, a Treatise of the Pestilence, &c., Lon., 1578, Svo.
Quæstiones in Officia M. Ciceronis, Oxon., 1615, Svo. In-
terpretation of Abdias the Prophet, 1574, Svo.
Brasier, Richard. Last Will and Confession of the
Christian Faith, made in the 4 Yeare of the Raigue of
King Edward the 6, Lon.; by John Day, Sro.
Brasse, John, d. 1833, educated at Trinity College,
Cambridge. Greek Gradus, Lon., 1827, Svo. He edited
four plays of Sophocles, with English notes.
or
Brasse, Samuel. Ship of Arms, Lon., 1653, 12mo.
Braithwait, Braithwaite, Brathwaite,
Braithwayte, Richard, 1588–1673, a native of War-
cop, Westmoreland, was entered of Oriel College, Oxford,
at the age of 16.
"He avoided as much as he could the rough paths of logic and
philosophy, and traced those smooth ones of poetry and Roman
history, in which at length he did excel."-Athen. Oxon.
He subsequently removed to Cambridge,
"Where he spent some time for the sake of dead and living au-
thors."
He settled down into an office in the militia, and a sub-
stantial county magistrate. An excellent example to poets,
who are not always of the most sedate kind. The Golden
Fleece, Lon., 1611, Svo. Poet's Willow: or the Passion-
ate Shepheard, 1614, Svo. The Prodigal's Teares, 1614, Svo.
• An excellent tract, written in good style, and abounding with
sound morality."
看看
​Scholler's Medley, 1614, 4to. Survey of History, 1638,
4to. Strappado for the Diuell. 1615, 12mo. Solemne
Joviall Disputation, 1617, and The Smoaking Age, 1617,
Svo. Mr. Bindley considered this one of the scarcest books
in England. The plates by Marshall are his earliest pro-
ductions. The Good Wife: or a rare one amongst Women,
1618, Svo; 1619, Svo.
"Taking this volume altogether. I think it one of the most
curious as well as one of the scarcest books of the period to which
It belongs."-Dr. Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.
| 1630, 4to; 2d edit., 1633, 4to; 3d edit., 1641, fol. English
Gentlewomen, 1631, 4to. Whimzies, 1631, 12mo. Mer-
curius Britannicus, 2d edit., 1641, 4to. A Political Piece
on the Ship Money Question. Barnabee's Journal, (and
Bessie Bell, both in Latin and English verse) by Corym-
bæus. [Lon., 1648-50.] Drunken Barnaby's four Journeys
to the North of England, in Latin and English_verse,
2d edit., Lon., 1716, 8vo. Barnabæ Itinerarium, or Barna-
bee's Journal, with a Life of the Author, &c., by Joseph
Haslewood, Lon., 1820, 12mo, 2 vols., 125 copies printed.
Mr. Haslewood had a good claim to the editorial honour
of this work, as he traced it to its author.
A New Spring shadowed in sundry Pithie Poems, 1619,
4to. Essaies upon the Five Senses, 1620, 12mo; 2d edit.,
1635, 12mo. Shepheard's Tales, 1621, Svo. Nature's
Embassie, 1621, Svo. Times Cvrtaine Drawne, or the
Anatomie of Vanitie, 1621, Svo. English Gentleman,
"Haslewood hit the right nail upon the head when he found
out the real author of Barnaby, in Richard Brathwait; from the
unvarying designation of "On the Errata,' at the end of Brath-
wait's pieces, which is observable in that of his Drunken Barna-
The late Mr. Heber used to shout aloud, Stick to
that, Ilaslewood, and your fame is fixed.' . . . His edition of Bar-
naby's Tour exhibited the rare spectacle of an accurate latin (an
well as English) text, by an individual who did not know the da
tive singular from the dative plural of hic, hæc, hoc!”—Dibdini's
Bibliomania.
6
For other pieces of Braithwait's, see Lowndes's Bibliog.
Manual; consult Athen. Oxon.; Censura Literaria; Biog.
Dramat.; Warton's Hist. Eng. Poetry; Ellis's Specimens.
"Brathwait's merits are undoubtedly very considerable. Some
of his pieces are capable of affording instruction and delight. He
was a most extraordinary man in poetry and in prose."-DIBdin.
Anthony Wood does not give so favourable an opinion:
"He wrote and published several works in English, consisting
of prose and poetry. highly commended in the age wherein pub-
lished, but since slighted and despised as frivolous matters, and
only to be taken into the hands of novices.”—Athen. Ozon.
Dr. Bliss makes a large addition to Anthony's list of
Braithwait's pieces.
Brathwaite, Thomas. Delivery of Rabbits, 1726,8vo.
Brattle, Thomas, 1657-1713, a merchant of Boston,
Massachusetts. Eclipses of the Sun and Moon, observed
in New England, Phil. Trans.,
in New England, Phil. Trans., 1704. Lunar Eclipse, New
England, in 1707. He wrote a letter giving an account
of the Witchcraft Delusion in 1692, which is preserved in
the Mass. Hist. Collection.
Brattle, William, d. 1717, aged 54, a native of Bos-
ton, Mass., brother of the preceding, Minister of Cam-
bridge, Mass., pub. a System of Logic,-Compendium Lo-
gicæ, &c. It was used at Harvard College. An edit. was
pub. in 1758.
Brawern, Henry. Voyage to the Kingdom of Chili
in America. See Churchill's Voy., 503, 1704.
Bray, Mrs. Anna Eliza, daughter of John Kempe,
Esq., a native of Devonshire, has gained great reputation by
a number of popular works. Traditions, Legends, Super-
stitions, and Sketches of Devonshire, on the Borders of the
Tamar and the Tavy; in a Series of Letters from Mrs.
Bray to Robert Southey, Esq., 1838, 3 vols. p. Svo.
"The plan of this work was suggested by Mr. Southey, and the
writer has laboured with no small diligence. These volumes con-
tain much that is curious in antiquarianism, pleasant in descrip
tion, fascinating in tradition, and kind-hearted in anecdotes of
every-day characters. We are indebted to Mrs. Bray for many
pleasant hours from her clever works."-Lon. Athenarum.
Fitz of Fitz-Ford; a Legend of Devon, 3 vols. p. Svo.
"These volumes are indeed an addition to the high literary cha-
racter of the fair and popular writer."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
The Talba; or, Moor of Portugal, 3 vols. p. Svo. Trials
of the Heart, 3 vols. p. Svo. Life of Thomas Stothard,
R.A., with Personal Reminiscences. Illustrated by en-
gravings from his chief works. printed in a novel style of
art, 1856, 4to. For the production of this work, Mrs. B.,
as the daughter-in-law of Stothard, possessed peculiar
advantages.
"A more beautiful volume than this, is not often issued. The
numerous illustrations' have been chosen with a sedulous respect
for the reputation of the graceful artist whose life was in his
works; and they have been rendered with most delicate care, there
being something in the nature of Stothard's genius which lent
itself, with more than ordinary adaptability, to this form of pre-
sentment.”—Lon. AthenŒUM.
Courtenay of Walreddon, 3 vols. p. Svo. De Foix, 3 vols.
p. Svo. Henry de Pomeroy, 3 vols. p. Svo. Letters during
Lakes of Switzerland, 3 vols. p. Svo. The Protestant,
a Tour through Normandy, 1818, 4to. Mountains and
3 vols. p. Svo. Trelawney of Trelawne. 3 vols. p. Svo.
Trials of Domestic Life, 3 vols. p. Svo. Warleigh, or the
Fatal Oath, 3 vols. p. Svo. White Hoods, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
Collective Edition, 1845, 46, 10 vols.
"To describe in detail Mrs. Bray's works, or criticise minutely
their merits, would be superfluous. So many literary notices have
appeared in testimony of their value, and these the public have so
fully corroborated by their patronage, that little remains but to
concur with previous praises of this favourite authoress's talents,
acquirements. and genius."-Lon. Times. See also Lon. Gent. Mag.
Bray, Chas. Education of the Feelings; 2d ed.,
239
BRA
BRE
i
Lon., 1849, p. Svo. The Philosophy of Necessity; or, The
Law of Consequences as Applicable to Mental, Moral, and
Social Science, 1841, 2 vols. 8vo.
The topics in the volume before us [the second] have a current
interest, and are handled with grace in the view and eloquence in
the composition."-Lon. Spectator.
Outlines of Social Systems and Communities, 1844, 12mo.
Bray, E. A. Poems, Lon., 1799, 12mo. Idyles, 1800,
12mo. Funeral Ode on Lord Nelson, 1806, 4to. Sermons,
Discourses selected from tracts
selected, Lon., 1818, Svo.
and treatises, 1821, Svo.
Bray,Roger. Selectiora Apophthegmata,&c.,1631,8vo.
Bray, Thomas, D.D., 1656-1730, a native of Martin,
Shropshire; educated at Hart Hall, Oxford; Rector of
Sheldon, 1690. In 1699 he was sent by the Bishop of Lon-
don to America as Ecclesiastical Commissary for Maryland
and Virginia. He crossed the Atlantic several times, and
was eminently useful in his labours. In 1706 he accepted
the living of St. Botolph, Aldgate. We notice some of his
publications: Bibliotheca Parochialis; or, A Scheme of
such Theological and other Heads as seem requisite to be
used or occasionally consulted by the Reverend Clergy,
together with a Catalogue of Books which may be profit-
ably read on each of those points, &c., Lon., 1707, Svo.
Martyrology, or Papal Usurpation, 1712, fol.: intended
as a supplement to Fox's Book of Martyrs. Primordia
Bibliothecaria, 1726. Directorium Missionarium, 1726.
He reprinted the Ecclesiastes of Erasmus, and pub. a
trans. of Perrin's Hist. of the Old Waldenses and Albi-
genses, several sermons, &c.
"It is to Dr. Bray's exertions that that venerable and most ex-
tensively useful association-The Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel owes its origin."
In 1746 appeared Publick Spirit, illustrated in the Life
and Designs of the Rev. Tho. Bray, D.D., 8vo; again, by
Rev. H. J. Todd, 1808, Svo; and in 1848 was pub. Report
for the Year 1847 of the Institution established by the late
Rev. Dr. Bray and his Associates for Founding Clerical
Libraries and Supporting Negro Schools, pp. 40, 12mo.
For an account of his labours, see Publick Spirit, &c., or
Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Bray, Thomas, D.D. Sermons, 1761, '63.
Bray, William. The Lord's Supper, Lou., 1641, 4to.
Bray, William, 1736-1832. Sketch of a Tour in
Derbyshire and Yorkshire, &c., Lon., 1788: anon.
tory and Antiquities of the County of Surrey, compiled
from the materials of the late Rev. Owen Menning, 1804,
'09, '14, fol. Memoirs of J. Evelyn, Esq., 1818, 2 vols. 4to.
Con. to Archæol., 1782, '91. Account of Henry Smith,
Esq., and his Extensive Charities, Lon., 1800, Svo.
Bray, Capt. William. Appeal to the Commons,
1678, 8vo.
Breake, Thomas. Land-Surveying, Lon., 1771, Svo.
Breakspear, Nicholas. See ADRIAN IV.
Breck, Robert. Sermons, 1728.
Breck, Robert. Sermons, 1775, 'S2.
Breckenridge, John, D.D., 1797-1841, b. at Cabell's
Dale, Ky.; grad. Princeton Coll., 1818; an eminent Pros-
byterian divine. 1. Controversy with Bishop Hughe
on Catholicism, Phila., 1836, Svo. 2. Sermons, &c.
b. 1800, at Cabell's Dale, Ky., brother of the preceding,
Breckenridge, Robert Jefferson, D.D., LL.D.,
and son of the Hon. John Breckenridge, author of the
celebrated Kentucky Resolutions of 1798, Attorney-
General under Jefferson, &c. Dr. B. was educated for the
bar, and was a member of the Legislature of Kentucky in
1825-26-27-28; was licensed as a minister in 1832, and
became pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church in Balti-
more. In 1845 he became President of Jefferson College,
Penna.; pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Lex、
ington, Ky., 1847-53. In the last-named year he was
elected Prof. of Theology in Centre Coll., Danville, Ky.
1. Papism in the XIX. Century in the U.S., 1841. 2.
Travels in France, Germany, &c., Phila., 1839, 12mo.
3. Memoranda of Foreign Travel, 1845, 2 vols. 12mo. 4.
Internal Evidence of Christianity, 1852. 5. The Know-
ledge of God Objectively Considered, N.Y., 1857, 8vo.
The second part of this work-entitled The Knowledge of
God Subjectively Considered-will be published in 1859.
Besides editing several periodicals, Dr. B. has pub. nu-
merous articles and pamphlets on Slavery, Temperance,
Popery, Universalism, Presbyterianism, Education, Agri-
culture, Politics, &c.,-which if collected would entitlo
His-him to the rank of one of the most voluminous writers
of America.
Braybrooke, Lord, d. 1858. History of Audley
End, Essex, r. 4to. The Diary and Correspondence of
Samuel Pepys, Esq., F.R.S., 2 vols. r. 4to; 3d edit., 1848,
5 vols. p. Svo; 4th edit., including all the late important
MS. additions and upwards of 200 additional Notes and
Letters, Index, &c., 1854, 4 vols. r. 8vo.
Annals of Philosophy, Zoological Journal, and Philo-
sophical Magazine, to each of which he contributed many
original papers. The Utility of the Knowledge of Nature
Considered with Reference to the General Education of
Youth, 1831. Edit. Parke's Chemical Catechism, 1834;
Origines Biblica of Dr. Chas. Beke, F.S.A.; The Correla-
tion of Physical Forces, by W. R. Grove, F.R.S., &c.
political writer. Editor of Daring Deeds of American
Brayman, James O., b. 1815, in New York, a
Heroes; Thrilling Adventures by Sea and by Land.
Brayne. 1. Astrology. 2. The Trinity, Lon., 1653,
'54, 4to.
Brecknock, T. Political Tracts, &c., 1752, '59, '60.
Bredwell, S. Razing the Foundations of Brownism,
Lon., 1588, 4to.
Bree, John, d. 1786. Sketch of this Kingdom during
the Fourteenth Century, vol. i., Lon., 1791, 4to.
This is rather a collection of materials for a work on the sub.
ject than a treatise; but, as those materials are chiefly taken from
the best sources, though unskilfully arranged, the volume is of
considerable value. The editor, however, possessed no other qua
lification for his task than zeal."-LOWNDES.
Bree, Martin. Medical treatise, Lon., 1797, 8vo.
Bree, Robert, M.D. Med. treatises, Lon., 1797-1811.
Bree, S. C. Designs for Italian Villa Architecture,
fol. Glossary of Civil Engineering, Svo. Pictorial Illus-
trations of New Zealand, 1848, fol.; 67 engravings by H.
Melville.
"The new matter is extremely curious, and occasionally far
more characteristic and entertaining than the old.”—Lon, Athen.
Brayley, Edward Wedlake, F.S.A., 1773-1854,
a laborious and accurate topographer, b. in London.
While an apprentice he became acquainted with Mr. John
Britton, and edited, in conjunction with him, The Beauties
of England and Wales, 1801-23, 25 vols. 8vo; Plans of
Cities and Principal Towns, 1810; Tower of London,
1830, &c. He edited, with Notes, Picturesque Tour
through Yorkshire and Derbyshire, by Ed. Dayes, 1805;
2d ed., 1825; Works of Robert Bloomfield, 1806; Cowper,
1810; Defoe's Journal of the Plague-Year, 1835. The fol-
lowing are a portion of his works. 1. Descriptions of
Places represented in Middiman's Views and Antiquities
of Great Britain, 1813, 4to. 2. Popular Pastimes, 1816.
3. Delineations, Historical and Topographical, of the Isle
of Thanet and Cinque Ports, 1817. 4. History and Anti-scriptive, 1844, Svo.
quities of the Abbey Church of St. Peter, Westminster,
1818-23. 5. The Ambulator, 1819; 12th ed. 6. Views in
Islington and Pentonville, by A. Pugin, 1819. 7. History
and Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Exeter, 1826–
27. 8. Historical and Descriptive Accounts of the Theatres
of London, 1827. 9. Londoniana; or, Reminiscences of
the British Metropolis, 1829, 4 vols. 10. Devonshire
Illustrated, 1829. 11. Antiquities of the Priory of Christ
Church, Hants, &c., 1834. 12. Graphic and Historical
Illustrator, 1834. 13. Illustrations of her Majesty's Palace
at Brighton, by J. Nash, 1828. 14. Topographical His-
14. Topographical His-
tory of Surrey, 1841-48, 5 vols. r. 8vo, and 4to.
Brayley, Edward William, F.R.S., son of the
preceding, from 1822 to 45 was one of the editors ofORME.
"These beautiful engravings are the most accurate and interest-
ing that we possess of New Zealand.”
Railway Practice, 1837, &c., 4 vols. 4to.
"The whole of the information necessary for this treatise is de-
rived from the only legitimate source, the direct communications
and promoted the undertaking."
of the engineers to the several works who have kindly sunctioned
Bree, W. T. The Plain Reader's Help to the Study
chiefly from D'Oyly and Mant. See Horne's Introduction.
of the Holy Scriptures, Coventry, 1821-22, 4to: extracted
1849, 12mo. St. Lucia: Historical, Statistical, and De-
Breen, H. H. Diamond Rock, and other Poems,
Modern English Literature: its
Blemishes and Defects, 1858, 8vo.
Breere, Richard. On the Messiah, Lon., 1789, 8vo.
1740. Bite of a Rattlesnake, 1746.
Breintnall, Joseph. Con. to Phil. Trans.: Meteors,
Breirly, Roger. Bundle of Soul-Convincing Truths,
Edin., 1670.
Brekell, John, d. about 1775, Unitarian minister of
Liverpool. An Essay on the Hebrew Tongue, to show
that the Hebrew Bible might be originally read by Vowel
Letters, without the Vowel Points, Lon., 1758, Svo.
"There are some sensible observations in this small work, which
is written on the Anti-Masoretic system."-ORME.
P
Sermons, 1744-69. Twenty Discourses, 1765, 8vo.
"More distinguished for their learning than their theology."
210
BRE
BRE
Breme, Thomas. Mirrour of Friendship, Lon., 1584.
Bremner, Robert. Musical treatises, 1756-77.
Bremner, Robert. Excursions in the Interior of
Russia, 2 vols. p. 8vo, 1839.
"A very spirited and graphic narrative."-ROBERT CHAMBERS.
Excursions in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, 2 vols.
8vo, 1840.
"Mr. Bremner is a lively scene-painter, and there is great fresh-
ness and vigour about all his descriptions.”—Ibid.
Brenan, John, M.D. Puerperal Fever, 1814, 8vo.
Brenan, Justin. Composition and Punctuation, 1839,
18mo. Old and New Logic contrasted, 6th ed., 1848, 18mo.
"This treatise is particularly interesting to parents, as it also
takes a plain view of classic literature, and thus they will be en-
abled to judge for themselves on two very important points-the
reasoning and the morality that their sons learn in Universities."
Foreigner's English Conjugator, 12mo. Utility of
Latin discussed, 18mo. The National Debt.
Brenan, M. J. Ecclesiastical History of Ireland to
1829, 1848, 8vo. Includes dates of Religious Founda-
tions, of Priories, Convents, Synods, Colleges, &c.
Brende, John. The Historie of Quintus Curtius,
Lon., 1553, 4to; translated from the Latin. Two Sermons
by S. Ciprian; trans. into English, Svo.
Brent, Charles. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1702–28.
Brent, Charles. Compendious Astronomer, Lon., 1741.
Brent, J. 1. Battle Cross, Lon.. 3 vols. p. 8vo. 2. Ellis
Forrester, 3 vols. p. Svo. 3. Sea-Wolf, 12mo.
Brent, Sir Nathaniel, 1573-1652, a native of Little
Woolford, Warwickshire, entered of Merton College, Ox-
ford, and took B.A. 1593. He married a niece of Dr.
George Abbott, Archbishop of Canterbury. He trans.
Father Paul Sarpi's History of the Council of Trent, from
che Italian into English and Latin, Lon., 1619, fol., 1640,
1676. Father Paul's (and Fulgentio's) History has been
highly commended.
This work is a beautiful monument of the History of Religion,
the most curious part of the History of the Human Mind. for
those who can soar above the prejudices of sects and parties."—
GIBBON.
"This work is justly entitled to be placed among the most ad-
mired historical compositions."-DR. ROBERTSON.
Brent also trans. from the Latin, Mr. Francis Mason's
Vindication of the Church of England, concerning the
Consecration and Ordination of the Bishops, &c., 1625, fol.
"It is a complete refutation of the old story of the Nag's Head
ordination."
Brent, William. Nature of Eternity, Lon., 1655.
Brenton, Edward Pelham, 1774–1839, Captain
R.N., founder of the Children's Friend Society, and a
promoter of other philanthropic enterprises. 1. The Naval
History of Great Britain from the Year 1783 to 1822, Lon.,
1823, 5 vols. Svo; new ed., 1836, 2 vols. Svo. 2. A Re-
futation of the Statement of Admiral Sir George Mon-
tague, 1823, Sro. 3. Life of Earl St. Vincent, G.C.B.,
1838, 2 vols. Svo.
"To Captain Brenton we feel infinite gratitude for this valuable
addition to our literature; and when we also call to mind the
merit of his Naval History, we may justly pronounce him to have
taken his place among the foremost of those authors who have
done honour to their own patriotism, to their profession, and to
their native land.”—Lon. Literary Gazetle.
The Bible and Spade. See Memoir of, by his Brother,
Sir J. Brenton, 1842, Svo.
Brenton, Sir Jahleel, K.C.B., 1770-1844, Rear-
Admiral R.N., brother of the above. 1. The Hope of
the Navy, Lon., 1839, 12mo. 2. Appeal to the British
Nation; 2d ed., 1841, 18mo. 3. Memoir of Captain
E. P. Brenton, 1842, Svo. 4. Coast Fisheries, 1843, Svo.
See Memoir and Services of, by Henry Raikes, 1845,
8vo.
Brerely, John, the assumed name of James Ander-
ton or Anderson. See ANDErton, James.
Brereton, C. D. Administration of Poor-Laws in
Administration of Poor-Laws in
Agricult. Districts, Lon., Svo. A Catechism of the Seven
Sacraments, 1834, Svo.
Brereton, Henry. Newes of the Present Miseries
of Rushia, occasioned by the late Warre in that Countrey,
Lon., 1614, 4to: Gordonston sale, 379, £1 198.
Brereton, Jane, 1685-1740, a native of Flintshire,
daughter of a gentleman of learning named Hughes, con-
tributed, under the name of Melissa, to the Gentleman's
Magazine. A volume of her Poems, with Letters, and an
account of her Life, was pub. Lon., 1744, Sro.
"Mrs. Brereton was amiable in every relation of life, and dis-
played some talents for versification, if not for poetry." See Cen-
sura Literaria. vii. 231.
Brereton, John. Relation of the Discovery of the
North Part of Virginia, Lon., 1702, 4to. A copy is in
the Brit. Museum. Bindley, pt. 1, 1293. Jadis, £5 15s. 6d.
Brereton, Owen Salisbury, 1715-1798, a learned
| English lawyer, educated at Westminster, and at Trinity
College, Cambridge. He contributed to the Archæologia,
Observations on Peter Collinson's account of the Round
Towers in Ireland; Tour through South Wales; Extracts
from the Household-Book of Henry VIII.; Account of a
painted Window in Brereton Church, Cheshire; A Non-
descript Coin. See Archæol. iii., 1774; also Phil. Trans.,
1781; and Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Brereton, Thomas. Sermon on Prov. i. 10, 8vo.
Brereton, William. His Case, Lon., 1779.
Brerewood, Edward, 1565–1615, a mathematician
and antiquary, admitted of Brasenose College, 1581,
chosen Professor of Astronomy in Gresham College, 1596.
De Ponderibus et Pretiis veterum Nummorum, &c., Lon.,
1614, 4to; repub. by Walton, in the Preliminary Disserta-
tions to the Polyglot. Enquiries touching the diversities
of Languages and Religions through the chief parts of
the World, Lon., 1614, '22, '35, 4to; 1674, 8vo; trans. into
Latin, German, and French.
"The people of America are the progeny of the Tartars." See
p. 96.
"There is a good deal of learning in this small work, partly of
a biblical nature, and partly relating to Church History.”—ORME.
"A very learned work."-DR. PAER.
See Oldys's Brit. Librarian, p. 159-162. Brerewood
wrote Treatises on the Sabbath, 1630, '32, and some other
works. See Athen. Oxon.
Brerewood, Thomas. Galfred and Juletta, or the
Road of Nature: a Tale, Lon., 1772, 3 vols. 4to.
Brest, Vincent. Medical Treatises, Lon., 1732, &c.
Bretland, Joseph, 1742-1819, a Unitarian minister
of Exeter, England. Sermons, Exeter, 2 vols. Svo, 1820.
"His sermons are marked by a chaste and correct style of com-
position."--Lom. Monthly Repository.
Breton, Becton, or Britton, John, d. 1275,
Bishop of Hereford, a native of England, was noted for
his knowledge of the Civil and Common Law. He made
a digest of the Laws of England, which Leland tells us
was of great use in its day.
Breton, John. Sermon, 1714, 8vo.
Breton, Nicholas, 1555-1624, supposed to have been
of a Staffordshire family, pub. a number of poetical pieces,
a list of which will be found in Ritson's Bibl. Poetica,
and in Lowndes's Brit. Bibliographer. Sir Egerton
Brydges printed in 1815, r. 4to, an edition of Breton's
Melancholike Humours, with Critical Preface; of this re-
pub., privately printed, only 100 copies were struck off.
..
Nicholas Breton, a writer of pastorals, sonnets, canzons, and
madrigals, in which kind of writing he keeps company with several
other contemporary æmulators of Spenser and Sir Philip Sidney,
in a publist collection of selected ødes of the chief pastoral son-
netteers. &c. of that age.”—Phillips's Theatrum Poetarum.
The ballad of Phillida and Corydon, reprinted by Percy. is a
delicious little poem: and if we are to judge from this specimen,
his poetical powers. for surely he must have had the powers of a
poet, were distinguished by a simplicity at once easy and elegant ”
-SIR EGERTON BRYDGES.
Breton, William. Militia Discipline, Lon., 1717, Svo.
Breton, William Henry, Lieutenant R.N. Ex-
cursions in New South Wales, 1830-33, Lon., Svo. Scan.
dinavian Sketches; or, A Tour in Norway, Svo.
This will be found to be by far the most useful guide to the
tourist in Norway. This second edition contains much valuable
information to the Scandinavian angler."
Brett, Arthur. The Restauration, or a Poem on the
Return of Charles II. to his Kingdom. Lon., 1660, 4to.
Threnodia, or the Death of the Duke of Gloucester, Oxon.,
1660, 4to. Patientia Victrix: or the Book of Job in Lyric
Verse, Lon., 1661, Sro.
"This person, who was a great pretender to poetry,.... by his
folly grew so poor, being as I conceive, somewhat crazed. that he
desired the almes of gentlemen, especially of Oxford scholars, whoat
he accidentally met with in London."-Athen. Oxon.
Brett, Capt. John, R.N. Trans. of Discourses and
Essays from Feyjoo, 1777-80.
Brett, Joseph. Sermons, 1704, '15.
Brett, Richard, 1561-1637, educated at Hart Hall,
Oxford, was one of the translators of the authorized ver-
sion of the Holy Scriptures. Vita Sanctorum Evangelist.
Johannis et Lucæ, &c., Oxon., 1597, Svo. Agatharchidis
et Memnonis Historicorum, &c., Oxon., 1597, 16mo. Ico-
num Sacrarum decas, &c., Oxon., 1603, 4to.
A
"He was a person famous in his time for learning as well as piety,
skill'd and vers'd to a criticism in the Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Chal
daic, and Ethiopie tongues. He was a most vigilant pastor, a dili-
gent preacher of God's word, a liberal benefactor to the poor, a
faithful friend, and a good neighbour."-Athen. Ozon.
Brett, Samuel, "Captain of a ship of Malta, against
the Turks, in assistance to the Venetians," published a most
interesting pamphlet, Lon., 1655, 4to, giving an account
of his Observations in his Travels beyond the Seas, includ-
ing A Narrative of the Proceedings of a great Council of
16
241
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Jews, assembled in the Plain of Ageda, in Hungary, about
thirty leagues distant from Buda, to examine the Scriptures
concerning Christ, on the Twelfth of October, 1650. By
Samuel Brett, there present.
"At the Place above named, there assembled about three hun-
dred Rabbies, called together from several Parts of the World to
examine the Scriptures concerning Christ. . . . The King of Hun-
gary did allow that some Assistants should be sent from Rome;
and their Coming thither did prove a great unhappiness to this
hopeful Council."
On the seventh day of the Council, they called in to their
aid six of the Roman Clergy, "sent by the Pope to assist
in this Council." The instructions of the priests were not
at all relished by the Jews, for
"As soon as the Assembly had heard these Things from them,
they were generally and exceedingly troubled thereat, and fell into
high Clamours against them and their Religion, crying out, No
Christ, no Woman-God, no Intercession of Saints, no Worshipping
of Images, no Praying to the Virgin Mary, &c. Truly their Trou-
ble hereat was so great, that it troubled me to see their Impatience;
they rent their Cloaths and cast Dust upon their Heads, and cried
out, Blasphemy, Blasphemy! and, upon this, the Council broke
up.... I do believe there were many Jews there, that would have
been persuaded to own the Lord Jesus; and this I assure you for
a Truth, and it is for the Honour of our Religion, and the Encou-
ragement of our Divines, one eminent Rabbi there did deliver his
Opinion, in Conference with me, that he at first feared that those
which were sent from Rome would cause an unhappy Period to
their Council; and professed to me, that he much desired the Pre-
sence of some Protestant Divines, and especially of our English Di-
vines, of whom he had a better Opinion than of any other Divines
in the World:”
This very curious pamphlet was reprinted in vol. i. of
The Harleian Miscellany, and vol. i. of The Phoenix, p. 543.
Brett, Thomas, 1667-1743, a native of Bettishanger,
Kent, admitted of Queen's College, Cambridge, 1684, and
Corpus Christi, 1689; Rector of Bettishanger, 1703, and
of Ruckinge, 1705; received into communion with the Non-
jurors, 1715. He was a voluminous writer of controversial
pieces. His Dissertation on the Principal Liturgies used
by the Christian Church in the celebration of the Holy
Eucharist, pub. 1720, has been highly commended.
"No man can seriously peruse the writings of Brett relative to
the Liturgies of the Primitive Churches, without being impressed
with the importance of the subject.”—Holden on Tradition.
His Collection of the different Liturgies, with a Disser-
tation on them, also appeared in 1720. In 1743 was pub.
his Letter to a Clergyman, showing why our English Bibles
differ so much from the Septuagint, though both are trans-
lated from the Hebrew Original, 8vo. The 2d edit., en-
larged, and pub. from the author's MS. after his death,
appeared in 1760, Svo. It was repub. in Bishop Watson's
Collection of Theolog. Tracts, vol. iii.
"It is an excellent dissertation, and cannot fail of being very
useful to such as have not leisure or opportunity to consult Dr.
Hody's book, De Bibliorum Textibus."-BISHOP WATSON.
"The volume before us will tell the nature of the work which is
being quietly done by the missionaries of the Society for the Pro-
pagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts.”—English Review.
Brettingham, Matthew. Remarks on several Parts
of Europe, Lon., 1723, '25, '28, '38, 4 vols. fol.
Brettingham, Matthew. Plans, Elevations, and
Sections of Holkham in Norfolk, the Seat of the Earl of
Leicester, Lon., 1761, atlas fol.; enlarged, 1773. See Wal-
pole's Works, vol. iii., 1798.
Breues, John. The Fortune Hunters, 1753, 8vo.
The Fortunate Lovers, 1754, Svo. The Chain of Fate,
1755, 8vo.
Allison's
Brewer, E. C., D.D., of Trinity Hall, Cambridge,
Head Master of King's College School in union with King's
College, London.
College, London. A Guide to Roman History.
Guide to English History, entirely rewritten, and greatly
improved. Poetical Chronology of Inventions, Discoveries,
&c., 12mo. Arithmetical Tables. School Recitations, 12mo.
System of Book-Keeping, 12mo. Key to, by Double En-
try, 12mo. Guide to Scientific Knowledge of Things Fami-
liar, 18mo, Lon., 1850. Key to, 18mo. This work has un-
doubtedly proved one of the most useful of the age.
-
Brett, W. H. Indian Missions in Guiana, Svo.
"As a book of reference its worth is unparalleled; as a book of
instruction it is no less valuable; and as a volumé taken up to
pass a pleasant half hour or so, it will be found exceedingly at-
tractive and interesting.”—Magazine of Science.
"An interesting volume, well calculated for helping forward the
Church's missions, by inducing persons to consider the subject,
who would put aside mere official statements and papers."-English|information never before compressed in any volume of the same
"As a School Book it is invaluable, for it contains an amount of
Churchman.
dimensions."-English Journal of Education.
"We cordially commend it to all who have to do with the sub-
ject of education."-Christian Witness.
Breval, Dr. Sermons, 1670, fol.
Breval, John Durant de, a captain under the Duke
of Marlborough, a son of Dr. Breval, Prebendary of West-
minster, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. Re-
marks on Several Parts of Europe, Lon., 1723-38, 4 vols.
in 2, fol. The Confederates; a Farce, 1717, Svo: this hits
a side blow at Three Hours after Marriage, the unfortunate
bantling of Pope, Arbuthnot, and Gay; though bearing
the name of the latter only.
"On which account Mr. Pope, who never could forgive the least
attempt made against his reigning the unrivalled sovereign in the
throne of wit, has introduced this gentleman [Breval] into that
poetical pillory, The Dunciad, among the various authors whom he
has supposed devotees of the goddess of Dulness.”-Biog. Dramat.
The History of the House of Nassau, &c., 1734, Svo.
Other works.
Reports of Judicial Decisions in S. Carolina 1793-1815,
Charleston, 1840, 3 vols. 8vo.
Brevard, Joseph. An Alphabetical Digest of the
Public Statute Law of S. Carolina, Phila., 1814, 3 vols. 8vo.
"The execution of this digest was not sanctioned nor adopted
by the legislature of the State, but the convenient arrangement
and the learning and accuracy of the compiler, rendered it an ac-
zeptable and authoritative work.”—Marvin's Legal Bill.
Brevint, Daniel, 1616-1695, a native of Jersey, Fel-
low of Jesus College, Oxford, 1638; Prebendary of Dur-
ham, 1661; Dean of Lincoln, 1681. Missale Romanum,
or the depth and mystery of the Roman Mass laid open and
explained, for the use of both reformed and unreformed
Christians, Oxf., 1672, Svo. The Christian Sacrament and
Sacrifice, &c., Oxf., 1673, 8vo. The above two works were
pub. in one vol., Oxf., 1847, Svo. Dr. Waterland had ex-
pressed his desire to see a reprint:
"Dr. Brevint was well read in the Eucharistic Sacrifice; no man
understood it better; which may appear from two tracts of his upoa
the subject, small ones both, but extremely fine. He stood upon
the ancient ground, looked upon evangelical duties as the true
oblation and sacrifice, resolved the sacrifice of the Eucharist, ac-
tively considered. solely into them; and he explained the practical
uses of that doctrine in so clear, so lively, and so affecting a way,
that we shall scarce meet with any thing on the subject that can
justly be thought to exceed it, or even come up to it. I could
heartily join my wishes with a late learned writer that that excel-
lent little book, entitled The Christian Sacrament and Sacrifice,
might be reprinted for the honour of God, and the benefit of the
Church."
Saul and Samuel at Endor, or the new waies of Salvation
and Service which usually tempt men to Rome and detain
them there, truely represented and refuted, Oxf., 1674,
1688, Svo. Ecclesiæ Primitivæ, &c. Other works.
Brewer, Anthony, a dramatic writer temp. James I.
Country Girl, C., 1647, 4to. Love-sick King, Trag. Hist.,
1655, 4to. The two preceding are the pieces which "wri-
ters in general" ascribe to Brewer. Winstanley and Phil-
lips make him the writer of six plays. Kirkman, Jacob,
and Gildon allow him but two. Langbaine denies Winstan-
ley's assertion that Lingua, or the Combat of the Tongue
and the Five Senses for Superiority, 1607, 4to, was written by
Brewer. This piece has become famous from the story that
"At the first performance of this play at Trinity College, Cam-
bridge, Oliver Cromwell personated the part of Tactus, from which
he first imbibed his ambitious sentiments."
See an interesting discussion of this subject in the Biog.
Dramat.; "Brewer, Anthony."
"It is a most charming family book, and cannot fail to interest
all classes of people."-Evangelical Magazine.
"It will be impossible to dip into this charming little volume,
open it at whatever part you may, without delight. Every page
is calculated to rivet the attention, and to show how interesting is
the study of useful knowledge."-Educational Times.
This work attained such great popularity as soon as pub-
lished, that 25,000 copies were printed in about two years.
Mr. Robert E. Peterson, of Philadelphia, made it the
basis of his Familiar Science, or the Scientific Explana-
tion of Common Things, making such additions, altera-
tions, &c. as to greatly improve the value of the work.
This volume (pub. by Childs & Peterson, Philadelphia)
has had a very extensive sale, and may be warmly com-
mended as a desirable manual for the school, the library,
or the parlour table. 80,000 sold in four years.
"I consider the book a valuable contribution to our means of
instruction in schools, and hope to see it generally introduced and
used by teachers.
used by teachers. Fathers of families also, who are now frequently
puzzled by the questions of the young philosophers of their house-
holds, will do well to procure a copy, and avoid saying so often
'I do not know.'"-PROF. WM. II. ALLEN, President of Girard
College.
"Familiar Science embodies a vast amount of facts and princi-
ples relating to the several branches of natural science. judiciously
selected and arranged, and very useful to awaken inquiry in the
young, and form a taste for such studies."-REV. LYMAN COLEMAN.
"I consider the volume a valuable accession to Christian scien-
tific literature, and worthy a place in every family and in every
academy or school."-REV. DR. DURBIN,
"It contains a vast amount of useful information on subject:
which force themselves upon the attention both of old and young,
and it is likely to cultivate, in those who read it, habits of inquiry
and reflection."-RT. REV. ALONZO POTTER.
242
BRE
BRE
Brewer, George, b. 1766, pub. a number of works,
among which are, The History of Tom Weston, Lon., 1791,
2 vols., 12mo. Maxims of Gallantry, 1793, 8vo. The
Motto, 1795, 2 vols. 12mo. The Rights of the Poor Con-
sidered, 1800, 8vo. Debtor and Creditor, 1806, Svo. How
to be Happy, 1814, 12mo. Hours of Leisure, 1806, 12mo.
Brewer, Henry. See BRAawern.
Brewer, J. N., a miscellaneous writer. A Winter's
Tale, 1799, 4 vols. 12mo. An old Family Legend, 1811, 4
vols. 12mo. History of Oxfordshire, 1813. Introduc. to
the Beauties of England and Wales, 1814, 8vo. The Pic-
ture of England, Lon., 1820, 12mo. Account of Palaces
and Public Buildings, 1810, 4to. Histrionic Topography,
Lon., 1818, 8vo. Beauties of Ireland, Lon., 1826, 2 vols. 8vo.
Brewer, J. S., Professor of English Literature in
King's College, London. 1. Elementary Atlas of History
and Geography, Lon., 1855, r. 8vo. 2. Monumenta Fran-
ciscana, &c., 1858: see Lon. Athen., July 31, 1858, 129.
See THORNDIKE, HERBERT.
Brewer, James, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1700:
Con. to Phil. Trans., 1700:
Beds of Oyster Shells near Reading, Berkshire.
Brewer, Rev. Josiah, b. 1796, Mass., grad. Yale
Coll. For ten years a missionary to the Levant. Resi-
dence at Constantinople in 1827, 8vo. Patmos, and the
Seven Churches of Asia, 1851.
In
Brewer, Thomas. The Weeping Lady; or London
like Ninivie in Sackcloth, Lon., 1625, 4to. Bib. Anglo-
Poet., £3 138. 6d. A Knot of Fooles, Lon., 1658, 4to.
Brit. Museum. Roxburghe, 3380, £3.
Brewerton, T. Le Gay. Chemical Con. to Nic.
Jour., 1810.
Brewster, Celestia A., born 1812 in Mass. Bloss's
Ancient History and Heroines of the Crusades, &c.
Brewster, Sir David, LL.D. and K.H., one of the
most distinguished of modern experimental philosophers,
was born at Jedburgh, Scotland, Dec. 11, 1781. He stu-
died at the University of Edinburgh, where he became
intimate with Dugald Stewart, Playfair, and Robison.
In 1808 he undertook the editorship of the Edinburgh En-
cyclopædia, which was not completed until 1830.
He re-
ceived the honorary degree of LL.D. from the University
of Aberdeen in 1807, and in 1808 was elected a Fellow of
the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In 1813 he pub. his
Treatise on New Philosophical Instruments.
In con-
junction with Professor Jameson, in 1819, he established
the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal; this work contains
contributions by Herschel, Humboldt, Blumenbach, Prout,
and other eminent philosophers. Subsequently Sir David
commenced the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, of which
16 vols. appeared. In 1815 the Institute of France elected
Dr. Brewster a corresponding member, and he has been
similarly honoured by the Royal Academies of Russia,
Prussia, Sweden, and Denmark. In 1831 he received the
decoration of the Hanoverian Guclphic Order, and in 1832
he was knighted by William IV. A higher honour was in
reserve for him: by the death of Berzelius, a vacancy oc-
curred in the number (never more than eight) of the Fo-
reign Associate Members of the National Institute of
France-Sir David was elected.
The eight associate members of the Institute are generally re-
garded as the eight greatest célèbres in the learned world.”—La
Presse.
1824. 8. Treatise on Optics, 1831, 8vo. American edition,
by Prof. A. D. Bache, Phila., 1833, 12mo. 9. Letters on
Natural Magic, 1831. 12mo. 10. Life of Sir Isaac New-
ton, 1831. 12mo. 11. The Martyrs of Science; or, The
Lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahé, and Kepler, 1841, 12mo,
(2d ed., 8vo. 1846.) 12. Treatise on the Microscope, p. 8vo.
13. More Worlds than One: the Creed of the Philosopher,
and the Hope of the Christian, 1854, 8vo. 14. Memoirs of
the Life, Writings, and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton,
1855, 2 vols. Svo." See Knight's Eng. Cyc., Div. Biog., vol. i.
{
“The sale of a work is usually no bad test of the interest which
attaches to the subject of it; and we accept it as good in evidence,
that the question respecting the plurality of worlds,' so ingeni-
ously discussed by Sir David Brewster and bis anonymous antago
nist, is one which successfully addresses itself to at least the curio-
sity of the reading portion of the community, that Sir David's
More Worlds than One, though not yet six months before the
public, is already in what is more than tantamount to its third
edition. The sale of the third thousand of his separate Treatise
is, we are informed. fast progressing; and his article on the saine
subject in the North British Review, which formed the pregnaut
nucleus of the work. is understood to have enjoyed at least an
equal circulation. There does certainly exist a wide-spread desire
to know, so far as can be known, the extent of God's living, re-
Sponsible creation. The planet which we inhabit is but one vessel
in the midst of a fleet sailing on through the vast ocean of space,
under convoy of the sun. Far on the distant horizon what seem
to be a great many other convoy ships appear, though such is their
remoteness, that even our best glasses enable us to know very little
regarding them. But in the vessels of the same group as ourselves,
we see evolutions similar to those which our own ship performs-
we see them maintain relations similar to our own to the great
guardian vessel in the midst-we see them regulated by her in all
their movements, and that when nights fall dark, most of them
have their sets of lanthorns hoisted up to give them light; and
there is a desire among us to know somewhat respecting the crews
of these neighbour-vessels of ours, and whether-as we all seem
bound on a common voyage-the expedition, as it is evidently
under one and the same control, may not have a common purpose
or object to accomplish. Such is the natural, and surely not irra-
tional, curiosity that has led in part to the extensive circulation of
the two recently published works which discuss the question on
popularity must be owing to the admirable manner in which they
its opposite sides; though in perhaps equal part, however, their
are written, and the high scientific acquirements of their respective
authors. It is not every day that combatants such as Sir David
Brewster, and, shall we say. Professor Whewell. meet in the arena.
There is a pleasing peculiarity in the writings of our great coun-
tryman, which our readers must have often remarked.
<
"We referred on a recent occasion to the remark of Sir James
Mackintosh, that the memorable instances of Cicero and Milton.
and still more those of Dryden and Burke, seem to show that there'
is some natural tendency in the fire of genius to burn more brightly
or to blaze more fiercely in the evening than in the morning of
human life.' We can, however, regard none of these instances,
nor yet that of Dugald Stewart, which Sir James also adduces, as
equally striking with the one furnished by the literary history of
"Sir David Brewster's numerous writings take in a wide Sir David. The poet who produced, while yet a boy, the Hymn
range of science. His most valuable scientific papers are
of the Nativity, did not leave himself much room for future im-
published in the 'Transactions' of the Royal Societies of earlier writings of Dryden and Burke, we find no equivocal pro
provement, in at least poetic feeling and conception; and in the
London and of Edinburgh. Among the more important mise of what was afterwards to be accomplished in the Ode to St.
áre: 1. On a new Analysis of Solar light, indicating three Cecilia's Day, and the Reflections on the French Revolution. In
primary colours, forming coincident spectra of equal length. the earlier compositions of Sir David, on the other hand-always
2. On Circular Polarization. 3. On the Effects of Com- tively little indication of that rich flow of fancy and imagination,
severe in style, and sternly scientific in form-there is compara
pression and Dilatation in altering the polarizing structure and that fertility of happy illustration, which his later writings
of the doubly refracting crystals; and others, in which exhibit. As in the far west, his year of life enjoys an Indian
the law is determined which connects the refractive index summer' greatly richer and more gorgeous in its scenery than any
of a crystal with its angle of polarization, and the dis- of the seasons that have gone before. There is something inex
covery of rings in biaxial crystals is made known. Other pressibly pleasing in exhibitions of this kind. A vigorous and
still youthful mind lodged in a material framework which has
papers are to be found in the Edinburgh Rev., the Reports served its purposes during the ordinary term of life, and gives evi-
of the British Association, the Lib. of Useful Knowledge, dence that, though age presses upon it but lightly, his touch is
the Phil. Mag., (of which Sir David is one of the editors,) there, is of itself an argument for the immortality of the better
and the North Brit. Rev.: they embrace physical geography, part. Were soul and body to perish together, they would surely
astronomy, photography, meteorology, &c. Of separate agreeable sight. as illustrative of that happiest condition of ad-
exhibit traces of the same decay. Further, too, it is a singularly
works may be mentioned: 4. A Treatise on the Kaleido-vanced life, which the Psalmist could describe as peculiarly the
scope, 1819, Svo. 5. Notes to Robison's System of Me- gift of God to his own. In old age, when others failed ard faded,
chanical Philosophy, 1822, 4 vols. 8vo. 6. Euler's Letters: the righteous man was still to bring forth fruit and blossom, as in
with a Life of Euler, 1823, 2 vols. 12mo. 7. Notes and his fresh and vigorous years. There was to be sap and fatness in
Introductory Chapter to Legendre's Elements of Geometry, his.houghs."-Huou MILLER: Edinburgh Witness.
his unshrivelled trunk, and green leaves and bright flowers on ail
·
Sir David's first wife was a daughter of the celebrated
Macpherson, the editor-or author, as opinions vary-of
Ossian.
"Dr. Brewster's book Life of Newton] is a most scientific and
interesting one: there is instruction for the ignorant, learning for
scientific for the idler and the gossip. All that can be now known
the learned, science for the profound, and anecdotes personal and
of the illustrions Newton is told with considerable clearness an 1
beauty: his discoveries are discussed, his inventions described. the
character of the most eminent of his companions drawn. and we
follow him to the observatory, the study, the Royal Society, and
the private chamber. It is a work which affords much instruction
and pleasure."-Lon. Athenæum. (Review of 1st ed.)
The Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton, 1855, 2 vols. 8vo, bas
not passed without censure. See NEWTON, SIR ISAAC. We
should not omit to notice the valuable article on Mag-
netism in the 7th edit. of the Encye. Brit.
The Lives of Galileo, Tycho Brahé, and Kepler, the
Martyrs of Science. have been commended. A late martyr
of science, in noticing one of Sir David's last works, paid
the following handsome tribute to the venerable author:
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BRE
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The Plurality of Worlds is now ascribed to Mr. J. S.
Smith, of Baliol College, Oxford.
Brewster, Sir Francis. Trade and Navigation, 1695.
Brewster, James. Lectures on our Lord's Sermon
on the Mount, Edin. and Lon., 1809, Svo.
"Always clear, generally judicious, and sometimes discriminat-
ing."-Lon. Christian Observer.
Brewster, John, educated at Lincoln College, Ox-
ford, d. 1843. Theolog. and other works, 1792-1818.
The Parochial History and Antiquities of Stockton-upon-
Tees, 1796, 4to. Meditations of a Recluse, 1800, 12mo.
Meditations of the Aged, 1810, Svo.
"The Meditations of Brewster are much admired.”-LOWNDES.
Lectures on the Acts of the Apostles, Lon., 1807, 2 vols.
Svo; 2d edit., Lon., 1831, 1 vol. Svo. These Lectures are
an imitation of Bishop Porteus's excellent Lectures on the
Gospel according to St. Matthew.
Mr. Brewster is full of illustrations from the fathers and di-
vines of various ages; and his own remarks are not trite, but
lively, as well as just."-British Critic.
Contemplations on the Last Discourses of our Blessed
Saviour with his Disciples, &c., Lon., 1822, Svo.
Brewster, Richard. Sermon, 1 Sam. xii. 24, 4to.
Brewster, Samuel. Theolog. Treatises, Lon., 1700,
'01, 8vo.
Brewster, Samuel. Jus feciale Anglicanum, or a
Treat. of the Law of Eng. rel. to War and Rebellion, 1725.
Brewster, Samuel. Collectanea Ecclesiastica, Lon.,
1752, 4to. See in this work a treatise by Bishop Walton,
entitled A Treatise concerning the Payment of Tythes in
London.
Brewster, William. Theolog. Anecdotes, 3d ed.,1812.
Brian, Thomas. The P. Prophet, Lon., 1637, 4to.
Briant, Alexander, 1557-1581, entered at Hart Hall,
Oxford, 1557, executed for high treason at Tyburn, 1581,
wrote whilst in prison Literæ ad Reverendos Patres So-
cietatis Jesu in Angliâ degentes, and some Letters to his
Friends and Afflicted Catholics. See Athen. Oxon.
Bribner, Francis. His Declaration, June 17, 1688,
containing his reasons for renouncing the Roman Catholic,
and embracing the Protestant Religion; fol.
Brice, Alexander. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1766;
Astronomy and Natural History.
Brice, Andrew. Geograph. Dict., Exeter, 1760, 2 v.
The Mobiad; a Poem, Oxf., 1770, Svo.
Brice, J. Divinity of the Messiah, 1800, 8vo.
Brice, John. Laws of the U. S. in force relative to
commercial subjects, Baltimore, 1831.
Brice, Thomas. A Compendious Register in Metre,
conteining the Names and pacient Suffryngs of the Mem-
bres of Jesus Christ, and the tormented and cruelly burned
within England, &c., London, by John Kyngston, 1559,
fol.
sm. Svo.
Brice, Thomas. History, &c. of Exeter, Svo.
Brichan, David, D.D. Sermons, 1805, '06; 2 vols.
do. 1807-12, 8vo.
"The elocution of the style is supported by a closeness, ma-
turity, and dignity of sentiment, that we have not often wit-
nessed."-Eclectic Review.
"His style is strength, rather than elegance."-Monthly Review.
"The general character of these Discourses is a masculine vigour,
a thorough acquaintance with the different subjects discussed, and
an earnest, though by no means an enthusiastic, zeal in endea-
vouring to impress the great truths of Christianity on the hearers.”
-Brit. Crit.
M
Brickell, John, M.D. The Natural History of North
Carolina, with engravings, 1743, Svo; Dubl., 1723, 37,
'39, Svo, 1743, 8vo. Cat. of American Trees and Shrubs,
which will endure the climate of England, Lon., 1739, fol.
Brickington, Stephen. See BIRCHINGTON.
Bricknell, W. S. Notices of the Oxford Tracts, &c.
1845, &c.
Bridall, John. See BRYDALL.
Bridecake, Ralph. Sermon, 1730, 4to.
Bridecake, T. Medical Treatise, 1807.
Bridferth, flourished 980, a British monk, and the
most eminent mathematician of his day, was a teacher of
the school at Ramsey.
..
· Bridforth's Commentaries, on the two treatises of Bede, D
Natura Rerum, and De Temporum Ratione, are extremely valu
able for the light they throw on the method of teaching in the
Anglo-Saxon schools. They are probably nothing more than notes
on the lectures delivered in the school at Ramsey. Bede's Trea-
tises were still the text-books of the Anglo-Saxon scholars."
Bridferth left comments on the tracts De Indigitatione
and De Ratione Unciarum, published under the name of
Bede. Pits attributes to him De Principiis Mathematicis,
lib. i., and De Institutione Monachorum, lib. i.; and Ma-
billon gives him credit for the MS. Life of Dunstan,
printed in the Acta Sanctorum, tom. iv. 1685. This opi-
nion is generally concurred in. Bridferth's Commentaries
will be found in some editions of Bede's works; Colon.'
Agrip., 1612, tom. i. &c. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.;
Pits's De Illustribus, &c.
Bridil, E. P. Grammatical Treatises, &c., 1799-1807.
Bridge, Bewick. Mathematical Lectures, 1810-11,
2 vols. 8vo.
"A valuable introduction to the science."-LOWNDES.
Other mathematical treatises, 1811-21.
Bridge, Francis. Sermon, 1684.
Bridge, Josiah, d. 1801, aged 61, minister of East
Sudbury, Massachusetts, pub. an Election Sermon, 1789.
Bridge, Samuel. Treatises on the Militia,1803-09.
Bridge, Thomas, d. 1715, aged 58, a minister of
Boston, Massachusetts, was a native of Hackney, Eng.
land. Sermons, 1705, '10, '13.
divine, was educated at Emanuel College, Cambridge.
Bridge, William, 1600-1690, an eminent Puritan
He preached for a time at Norwich, but being silenced
for Nonconformity, went to Rotterdam, where he took
charge of a congregation. In 1642 he returned to Eng-
land, became minister of Great Yarmouth, whence he was
ejected in 1662.
ejected in 1662. He was also a member of the West-
minster Assembly. Archbishop Laud thus refers to him.
In Norwich, one Mr. Bridge, rather than he would conform,
hath left his lecture, and two cures, and is gone into Holland.
On the margin of this passage, Charles I. wrote: Let him go;
we are well rid of him!"-Laul's Troubles and Triols.
A
Bridge pub. Sermons, 1641, '68, '71, '73; a Reply to Dr.
Terne, 1643, 4to. Life of Jessy, 1671, Svo. His principal
works appeared in 1657, 2 vols. 4to. In 1845 his Works,
now first collected, were pub. in 5 vols. Svo; containing
above 100 sermons. Among the most noted of his dis-
courses were nine sermons, entitled Seasonable Truths in
Evil Times, 1668, Svo.
His sermons on Faith were highly recommended by the
Countess of Huntingdon. Bridge was very studious in
his habits.
"He possessed a library well furnished with the fathers, school-
men, and crities. He was a very close student, rising every morn-
ing, both in winter and summer, at four o'clock, and continuing
in his library until eleven."
Bridgeman, G. Admiral Duncan's Victory, 1797.
Bridgeman, Thomas. 1. Young Gardener's Assist
2. Florist's Guide. 3. Fruit-Culti-
ant, N.Y., 1847, 8vo. 2. Florist's Guide.
vator's Manual. 4. Kitchen-Gardener's Instructor.
Bridgeman, William. Trans. from the Greek, 1804,
'07. Moral Philosophy from Aristotle, Pythagoras, &c.
Bridgeman. See BRIDGMAN.
Bridgen, R. Antiq. of Sefton Church, 1822, fol., &c.
Designs for Grecian and other Furniture, 1838, 4to. In-
terior Decorations of Sefton Church, Lancashire, fol.
Sketches of West Indian Scenery, imp. 4to.
Bridgen, William. Assize Sermon, 1712, Svo.
Bridges, Charles, Vicar of Old Newton. Exposi-
tion of Psalm 119th, as illustrative of the character and
exercises of Christian Experience, Lon., 1838, 12mo; 19th
|| edit., 1849.
“An excellent manual of religion, plain, practical, and devo-
tional."-Lon. Eclectic Review.
"Its interpretations are unexceptionably evangelical; its rea-
sonings are close and connected; and its appeals to the heart are
such as to approve themselves to the experience of every devout
believer in Christ."-Lon. Evangelical Mog.
The Christian Ministry, with an Inquiry into the Causes
Ministry of the Establishment, Lon., 1829, 12mo.
of its Inefficiency, and with an Especial Reference to the
"A truly valuable and profitable book, and well deserving of a
place among the books of every young minister.”—BICKERSTETH.
2 vols. 12mo; 2d edit., with additions, 1847; 3d edit.,
An Exposition of the Book of Proverbs, Lon., 1816,
1850. The exposition of the first nine chapters has been
pub. separately, under the title of A Manual for the Young.
"The most lucid and satisfactory commentary on the Book of
Proverbs that we have met with; and though it is of a popular
cast, and quite within the scope of the general reader, it is a book
which clergymen will find it to their advantage frequently and
diligently to consult."
Essay on Family Prayer, 12mo. Sacramental Instruc-
tion, 12mo. Scriptural Studies. 18mo.
Bridges, George, d. 1677. The Memoirs of the
Duke of Rohan, trans. from the French, Lon., 1660, Svo.
See Censura Literaria, vol. iv.
Bridges, James. Polit. State of Scotland, 1818, 8vo.
Bridges, Jeremiah. The Foot of the Horse, 1752.
Bridges, John, d. 1590. Trans. of Gua ter's 175
Homelyes, 1572.
Bridges, John, Bishop of Oxford, d. 1618. Supre-
macie of Christian Princes, &c., 1573, 4to. Defence of
214
BRI
BRI
the Gouernment established in the Church of England,
&c., 1587, 4to. Quatuor Evangelia, 1604, 8vo.
"He was eminent for his theological writings, more especially
as a defender of the church against the Puritans."-Censura
Literaria, vol. íi.
Martin Marprelate (Penry) does not seem to have placed
a high value on the bishop's Defence of the Church.
Bridges, John, b. about 1666, d. 1724, an eminent
antiquary, about 1719 began to make Collections towards
a History of Northamptonshire. He collected enough ma-
terials to fill 30 folio, 5 4to, and 5 small volumes. He died
before he was ready for the press, and the MSS. were
placed in the hands of Dr. Samuel Jebb, who pub. Parts
1, 2, and a portion of No. 3, 1737, &c. The work was
stopped at the press by want of means and other diffi-
culties, and it was not until 1791 that the History ap-
peared, edited by the Rev. Peter Whalley, Oxford, 2 vols.
fol. For an interesting account of this work, and the causes
of its slow progress to publication, see Nichols's Lit. Anec-
dotes, vol. ii.
"Mr. Bridge's History of Northamptonshire is a model to all
county historians: and it is heartily to be wished that some
native may be found, heir to his skill and public spirit, and meet
with due encouragement to continue the labours of Mr. Bridges.
I have many materials for the purpose; which should not be with-
held from any one qualified for the task."-Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes,
.vol. ii.
One thousand copies were to be printed, and the profits
were to be paid to the author or authors selected for this
important duty. The following gentlemen were honoured
by the appointment, it being determined to publish eight
separate essays:
1. The Rev. Thomas Chalmers, D.D., Professor cf Di.
vinity in the University of Edinburgh, On the Power,
Wisdom, and Goodness of God as manifested in the Adap-
tation of External Nature to the Moral and Intellectual
Constitution of Man. (2 vols. 8vo; 6th edit., 1840.)
2. John Kidd, M.D., F.R.S., Regius Professor of Medi-
cine in the University of Oxford, On the Adaptation of
External Nature to the Physical Condition of Man. (8vo;
5th edit., 1837.)
3. The Rev. William Whewell, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of
For lists of works on British Topography, see Nichols Trinity College, Cambridge, Astronomy and General Phy-
sics
with reference to Natural Theology.
7th edit., 1839.)
(Svo;
and Sons' (son and grandson of the celebrated John Ni-
chols) current catalogues, and Henry G. Bohn's Guinea
Catalogue, 1841.
4. Sir Charles Bell. K.G.H., F.R.S., L. & E., The Hand:
its Mechanism and Vital Endowments as evincing Design.
(Svo; 4th edit., 1837.)
5. Peter Mark Roget, M.D., Fellow and Secretary of
the Royal Society, On Animal and Vegetable Physiology,
considered with reference to Natural Theology. (2 vols.
Svo; 3d edit., 1840.)
6. The Rev. William Buckland, D.D., F.R.S., Canon of
Christ Church, and Professor of Geology in the University
of Oxford, On Geology and Mineralogy. (2 vols. 8vo;
2d edit., 1837.)
Bridges, Sir John. Legal
Legal Treatises. Reports,
Lon., 1651.
"A very learned and ingenious author, whose Legal Treatises
are less known than they ought to be."-Censura Literaria, vol. iv.
Bridges, Matthew. The testimony of profane An-
tiquity to the account given by Moses of Paradise and the
Fall of Man, Lon., 1825, Svo. Roman Empire under Con-
stantine the Great, Lon., 1828, 8vo; 7 copies on large
paper. Babbicombe and other Poems, 12mo. Jerusalem
Regained; a Poem, Svo.
Bridges,Noah. Vulgar Arithmetique, 1653, 12mo, etc.
Bridges, Ralph, D.D. Sermons, Lon., 1700, 24,
'27, 38, 4to.
Bridges, Robert, Professor of Chemistry in the
Phil. College of Pharmacy, &c. Fownes's Elementary
Chemistry, 3d Amer., edit., from the last London edit..
with additions, Phila., 1854, r. 12mo. See FowNES,
GEORGE.
Bridges, Thomas. New Trans. of Homer's Iliad,
adapted to the capacity of honest English Roast Beef and
Pudding Eaters, 1764, 2 vols. 12mo.
"A work full of humour, but which often transgresses the
bounds of decency."-LowNDES.
eight thousand pounds sterling to be paid to the person or
persons who should be appointed by the President of the
Royal Society to prepare a work
Dido; a Comic Opera, 1771, Svo. The Dutchman; a
Musical Entertainment, 1775, Svo. Adventures of a Bank
Note; a Novel.
Bridges, Walter. A Catechism for Communicants,
Lon., 1645, Svo.
Bridges, William. Sermons, 1643, '67.
Bridget, Mrs. 1. Mortimer Hall. 2. B. of Falcon-
berg, 1811, '15.
Bridgewater, Rev. Francis Henry Egerton,
eighth Earl of, 1756-1829, was educated at Eton, and
All Souls' College, Oxford, where he took the degree of
M.A, in 1780. His father, the Bishop of Durham, ap-
pointed him a Prebendary of Durham in 1780, and in
1781 the Duke of Bridgewater presented him to the rectory
of Middle in Shropshire, and in 1797 to that of Whit-
church in the same county. In 1823 he succeeded his
brother in his titles. For many years before his death he
resided entirely at Paris. In 1796 he pub. in 4to an edit.
of the Hippolytus of Euripides. He also edited A Frag-
ment of an Ode of Sappho from Longinus, and an Ode of
Sappho from Dionysius Halicarn., in Svo. In 1793 he
prepared for the Biographia Britannica a Life of Lord
Chancellor Egerton, (sce vol. v.) 250 copies of this Me-
moir, considerably enlarged, were privately printed by
him in 1798. This enlarged memoir, and a life of the
Bishop of Durham, were intended by the publishers, at
the author's request, for the 6th vol. of the Biog. Brit.
His lordship pub. several other pieces: see Memoir in
Gent. Mag. He left his collections of MSS. and antiqui-
ties, and a sum of money, to the Brit. Museum. The earl
had been deeply impressed with the value of well-digested
argumentative treatises upon the subject of man's relations
to his Maker. He himself drew up a work upon the sub-
ject, which was privately printed at Paris, by Didot. By
his last Will and Testament, he bequeathed the sum of
"On the Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God, as manifested
in the Creation. illustrating such work by all reasonable argu
ments; as, for instance, the variety and formation of God's crea
tures in the animal, vegetable, and mineral kingdoms; the effect
of digestion, and thereby of conversion: the construction of the
hand of man, and an infinite variety of other arguments: as also
by discoveries, ancient and modern, in arts, sciences, and in the
whole extent of literature."
7. The Rev. William Kirby, M.A., F.R.S., On the His-
tory, Habits, and Instincts of Animals. (2 vols. 8vo; 2d
edit., 1835.)
8. William Prout, M.D., F.R.S., Chemistry, Meteorology,
and the Function of Digestion, considered with reference
to Natural Theology. (Svo; 3d edit., 1845.)
In all, 12 volumes. The names of the above writers are
a sufficient guarantee of the value of their respective es-
says. Great fault has been found with the manner in
which the trust has been discharged:
"Such a bequest is without parallel in the history of our litera-
ture. but. unfortunately, the intention of the munificent noble-
man has been absolutely perverted. Instead of one distinct work
on Natural Theology, which would have been translated into
every written language, and which would have formed a more
than European monument to the liberality and piety of our coun-
tryman.' eight independent treatises have appeared. and to them
the favoured publisher has affixed such exorbitant prices as to
prevent the less wealthy classes of society from benefiting by his
lordship's generosity."
So argues an indignant objector. Perhaps much might
be said on the other side, but as we have no space for diɛ-
cussion, we will only refer the reader to the Edinburgh
Review, Lon. Quarterly
Review, Lon. Quarterly Review, Westminster Review,
Fraser's Magazine, the Athenæum, &c. A new ed. of the
Bridgewater Treatises, thoroughly revised and improved,
has been pub. by Mr. Bohn in his Scientific Library. The
so-called Ninth Bridgewater Treatise, a Fragment, by
Charles Babbage, was pub. 1837.
.
Bridgewater, John, d. about 1600, who in his writ-
ings calls himself Aqua Pontanus, was entered of Hart
Hall, Oxford, and there removed to Brasenose College.
He was chosen Rector of Lincoln College in 1563, Arch-
deacon of Rochester, 1570. Becoming favourable to Ro-
manism, he resigned his preferments, and sought a home
in the college for English Roman Catholics at Douay. He
died in Germany. Concertatio Ecclesia Catholics in
Anglia. First pub. by Fenn and Gibbons at Triers, 1583,
8vo; enlarged by Bridgewater, 1594, 4to. Confutatio
virulentiæ Disputationis Theologiæ, &c., Triers, 1589, 4to.
An Account of the Six Articles usually proposed to the
Missionaries that suffered in England.
Bridgman. Report Bedford Level, 1724, fol.
Bridgman, Sir John. Reports from the 12th to
the 19th of James I., Lon., 1659, fol. Originally taken
in French, from which they were trans. into English, and
pub. after the author's death.
"The memory of his great learning and profoundness in the
knowledge of the laws of England still remains.”
A
245
BRI
BRI
"The Reports embrace so short a period, that they are not of en
referred to, nor do we understand that they are highly esteemed."
See Bridgman's Legal Bib.; Marvin's Legal Bib.
Bridgman, Sir Orlando, Lord Chief Justice of the
Common Pleas, and successor to the Earl of Clarendon as
Keeper of the Great Seal. Conveyances, being Select
Precedents of Deeds and Instruments concerning the most
considerable Estate in England, Lon., 1652, 'S2, '99, 1710;
5th ed., 1725, in 2 parts, fol.
|
Evelyn,
"His draughts are still admired and resorted to by all who deem
a propriety of composition aud copiousness of diction not incom
patible with technical accuracy. Unfortunately, they are given to
the public in a very slovenly manner; and the great inferiority of
some to the rest affords also too much reason to fear that there
has been much interpolation." See Williams's Study of the Law.
Judgment of the Common Pleas in Benyon v. Evelyn,
T. T. 14, chap. ii., &c., extracted from Bridgman's Report
by F. Hargrave, Lon., 1811, Svo. Reports of Judgments
by Sir Orlando Bridgman, &c., edit. from the Hargrave
MSS. by S. Bannister, Lon., 1823, Svo. Sir O. B. left
9 vols. of MS. Reports; the above vol. is an extract from
four vols. of his notes of cases, &c. Sir Orlando enjoyed
a great reputation as a lawyer.
Very eminent in the knowledge of the law."-LORD CLARENDON.
"He should not be mentioned but with reverence and with ve-
neration for his learning and integrity."-LORD NOTTINGHAM.
"A very studious gentleman, who had an account brought to
him of all that passed in the courts."-LORD HOLT.
"In the arguments of Chief Justice Bridgman, methinks I find
that evisceratio cause, as the Roman orator calls it, an exact ana-
tomy of the case, and dextrous piercing into the very bowels of it;
and it was no small commendation of an eminent professor of our
law, and one that afterwards was advanced to the highest office a
person of that profession can be capable-That he always argued
like a lawyer and a gentleman.”—Pref. to Carter's Reports.
"Mr. Fonblanque [Treat. on Equity] speaks of Bridgman's Re
ports, of which Mr. Hargrave bad lent him the MS., as far exceed
ing Carter's in copiousness, depth, and correctness."
See Williams's Study of Law; Bridgman's Leg. Bib.;
Barton's Convey.; Marvin's Leg. Bib.; Wallace's Reporters.
Bridgman, Richard Whalley. Thesaurus Juri-
dicus, Lon., 1799-1800; 2 vols. 8vo, 1806.
"Had this work been completed, it would have formed one of
the most useful books in the lawyer's library."-Preston on Ab-
stracts.
Reflections on the Study of the Law, 1804, Svo. A
Short View of Legal Bibliography, Lon., 1807, 8vo.
"Mr. Bridgman's Treatise, though incomplete, is the best Eng-
lish work existing of the period embraced by his Legal Bibliography.
The author's study must have led him to a familiar acquaintance
with the Reports. from which we might have expected a more en-
during and satisfactory monument of research and criticism upon
them than this volume affords. This deficiency, so far as regards
the older reporters, has recently been adequately supplied by the
very judicious and able criticism and notes of Mr. J. W. Wallace in
a work entitled, The Reporters chronologically arranged, &c.”-
Marvin's Legal Bibl.
The second edition of Wallace's Reporters was pub. in
Philadelphia, 1845. The third edition, almost entirely
rewritten, much extended and enlarged, was pub. Phila-
delphia, 1855, Svo.
Bridgman, Thomas, b. 1795, at Northampton, Mas-
sachusetts. 1. Inscriptions on the Monuments and Tomb-
stones in the Burying Ground of Northampton, &c. 2. Me-
morials of the Dead in Boston, with the Inscriptions on the
Monuments and Tombstones in Copp's Hill Burying
Ground. 3. Memorials of the Dead in Boston, with In-
scriptions on the Monuments and Tombstones in King's
Chapel Burying Ground.
Bridgwater, Benjamin. Religio Bibliopolæ ; in
imitation of Dr. Browne's Religio Medici, with a supple-
ment to it, Lon., 1691, 8vo.
•
"He was of Trinity College in Cambridge, and M. A. His ge-
nius was very rich, and ran much upon Poetry, in which he ex-
celled. He was, in part, Author of Religio Bibliopola.' But,
alas! in the issue, Wine and Love were the ruin of this ingenious
Gentleman."-Dunton's Life und Errors, 177.
The other "author in part" of Religio Bibliopola is
supposed to have been no less a person than that odd
member of the profession, John -not "glorious John"
but gossiping John, himself. But the authorship of this
work has been attributed to another person.
Briganti,Joseph E. India Raw Silk, Lon., 1779, 8vo.
Briggs, Charles F., b. at Nantucket, resides in
New York, has gained some celebrity as the author of
Harry Franco, a Tale of the Great Panic, 2 vols. 1837.
The Haunted Merchant, 1843. Working a Passage, or
Life in a Liner, 1844. The Trippings of Tom Pepper, an
Autobiography. In connection with Mr. John Bisco he
originated The Broadway Journal, and for some time he
had the editorial charge of Putnam's Monthly Magazine,
New York. Mr. B. has also some pretensions to artistic
taste. Some of his opinions upon pictures will be found
in the Broadway Journal.
216
"Mr. Briggs has evinced both wit and humour of a high order in
his Harry Franco, and other novels and sketches."-RUFUS W.
GRISWOLD.
In connection with A. Maverick, History of the Atlantic
Telegraph Cable, N. Y., 1858, 12mo.
Briggs, Henry, 1556-1630, an eminent mathemati-
cian, a native of Warley Wood, near Halifax, Yorkshire,
was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, of which
he became Fellow in 1588; examiner and lecturer in Ma-
thematics in 1592; first Professor of Geometry in Gresham
College, London, 1596; first Savilian Professor of Geome-
try, 1619. At Oxford he settled himself at Merton Col-
lege, and between his lectures and studies passed a most
studious life. His interest in Lord Napier's discovery of
logarithms was evinced by his conference with his lordship
respecting an alteration of the scale, and his valuable
publications on the subject. Logarithmorum Chilias
prima, Lon., 1617, Svo. Arithmetica Logarithmica, &c.,
Lon., 1624, fol. ; enlarged, printed under the care of Adrian
Vlacq, in French, Gonda, 1628, fol. In English, Lon.,
1631, fol. This great work contains the logarithms of
30,000 natural numbers, to 14 places of figures beside the
index! Briggs died before this work was perfected as he
designed; but his friend Henry Gellibrand brought it to
completion in 1633, under the title of Trigonometria
Britannica, &c., Gonda, fol. Briggs pub. some other
mathematical works, and A Treatise of the North-West
Passage to the South Sea, Lon., 1652, 4to.; reprinted in
Purchas's Pilgrims, vol. iii. 852. Among the sons of
English mathematical science, it is doubtful if there have
arisen a greater than Henry Briggs. The illustrious Isanc
Barrow, the learned Dr. Smith, the profound Gataker and
Oughtred concur in celebrating the praises of the "mirror
of the age for his excellent skill in Geometry."
Erudit.; Ward's Gresham Professors; Martin's Lives of
See Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit.; Life in Smith's Vite
the Philosophers; Lilly's Life and Times.
Briggs, J. Sermons, 1775, '77, 8vo.
Briggs, James, Surgeon. Practical Obs. on Diseases
of the Eye, Lon., 1806, Svo. An Index to the Anatomical,
Medical, Chirurgical, and Physiological Papers contained
in the Transactions of the Royal Society of London, from
the commencement of that work, to the end of the year
1817; chronologically and alphabetically arranged, Lon.,
1818, 4to. By means of this valuable index a vast am、unt
of scientific lore is rendered easily accessible.
Briggs, John, Lt.-Col. in the Madras Army. 1. The
History of the Rise of the Mahommedan Power in India
till the Year A.D. 1612; trans. from the Persian of Ma-
homed Kasim Ferishta, Lon., 1829, 4 vols. Svo. 2. Land-
Tax in India, 1830, 8vo. 3. Hussein-Khan's Mahom-
medan Power in India; revised by J. B.: vol. i., 1832,
8vo. 4. State of the Cotton-Trade in India, 1839, Svo.
Briggs, Joseph. Theolog. treatises, 1675, &c.
Briggs, Richard. English Art of Cookery, 1788, Svo.
Briggs, Robert, M.D. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1804.
Briggs, William, M.D., b. about 1650, d. 1704, a
native of Norwich, England, was educated at Bene't Col-
liam III., and celebrated for his skill in diseases of the eye.
lege, Cambridge. He was Physician-in-Ordinary to Wil-
1685, at the request of Mr. (afterwards Sir) Isaac Newton,
Ophthalmographia, Camb., 1676, Svo; 2d edit., 1687. In
he pub. a Latin version of his Theory of Vision: to this
there is prefixed a recommendatory epistle by Newton.
The papers upon the New Theory of Vision will be found
He contributed some other
in Phil. Trans., 1681, 4to.
papers to Phil. Trans., 1684.
Brigham, Amariah, M.D., 1798–1849, b. in Berk-
shire co., Mass., Supt. of the Retreat for the Insane at
Hartford, 1840-42, and became Supt. of the N.Y. State
Lunatic Asylum at Utica, 1843. 1. Asiatic Cholera, 1832.
2. Influence of Religion on Health, 1835, 12mo. 3. Dis-
cases of the Brain, 1836, 12mo. 4. Remarks on the In-
fluence of Mental Cultivation and Mental Excitement upon
Health, 1845, 12mo. 5. Utica Asylum Souvenir, 1849, 18mo.
Brigham, Rev. Charles H., born Boston, 1820.
Letters of Foreign Travel, 2 vols. Life of the Rev. Simeou
Daggett. Numerous Pamphlets, Sermons, &c.
Brigham, Nicholas, d. 1559, educated at Hart Hall,
Oxford. Memoirs, by way of Diary, in 12 Books. Mis-
cellaneous Poems.
Bright, George, D.D. Theolog. treatises, Lon:,
1678-1699.
Bright, Henry. The Praxis in English and Latin
Exercises, Oxf., 1783.
Bright, J. H., 1804-1837, a native of Salem, Massa
chusetts, contributed under the signature of "Viater," a
number of poetical pieces to the periodicals of the day
BRI
BRI
Travels from Vienna | ing by Scripture and Reason that there are Witches, Lon.,
1686, 8vo.
Brinsley, John, 1600-1665, a Nonconformist divine,
nephew of the celebrated Bishop Hall, was admitted of
Emmanuel College, Cambridge, at the age of thirteen and
1612-64. His Ludus Literarius, or the Grammar School,
a half. He pub. several theological and educational works,
Lon., 1612, 4to, was reprinted in 1627 with a preface by
his uncle, Bishop Hall.
Bright, Richard, M.D.
through Lower Hungary, 1818, 4to.
"Agriculture and statistics form the principal topics of this vo
lume, which could have been equally valuable and much more in-
teresting if the matter had been more compressed.”—STEVENSON.
Bright, Timothy, M.D., d. 1616, Rector of Methley
in Yorkshire. De Dyscrasia Corporis Humani, Lon., 1583,
12mo. Hygiene, &c., Lon., 1583, 8vo. Medicina Thera-
peutica, Lon., 1588, 8vo. Animadversiones in G. A. Scri-
bonii, Cantab., 1584, 8vo. A Treatise of Melancholic,
Lon., 1586, 12mo. It has been supposed by some that
Burton took the hint of his Anatomy of Melancholy from
this treatise. Charactery; an Arte of short, swift, and
secrete Writing by character, Lon., 1588, 24mo.
"In this very ingenious work Bright claims the invention of
the art. It is dedicated to Q. Elizabeth.”
Abridgement of the Book of Acts and Monuments, Lon.,
1589, 4to.
Brightland, John. Grammat. works, &c.,1711-14,etc.
Brightley, Chas., Printer. Method of Casting Stereo-
type, as practised by the author, Bungay, Suffolk, 1809, 8vo.
Brightly, Frederick Charles, b. 1812, in Eng-
land; emigrated to U.S. 1831; member Phila. Bar, 1839.
Treatise on Law of Costs, Svo. Nisi Prius Reports, 1851,
Svo. Equitable Jurisdiction of the Courts of Penna., 1855,
Svo. Edited Purdon's Digest of Laws of Penna., 8th ed.,
1858, 8vo; Binns's Justice, 6th ed., 1855, Svo. An Ana-
lytical Digest of the Laws of the United States, from the
Adoption of the Constitution to the End of the XXXIV.
Congress,—1796-1857, Phila., 1858, 8vo, 1142 pp. Highly
commended by Chief-Justice Taney.
"This work the Puritan divine persuaded himself and others
was written under the influence of divine inspiration."
He pub. a work on the Canticles, and on a portion of
the Book of Daniel in Latin, Basil, 1614, Svo. His Ex-
plication of the last and most difficult part of the prophet
Daniel was pub. in English, Lon., 1635, 1664, 4to.
66
The great object of this Puritan's system of prophecy, both in
this work, and in his Revelation Revealed, is to prove that the Pope
is that antichrist whose reign is limited to 1290 days or years: and
who is then foredoomed by God to utter destruction."-LoWNDES.
Brisman. Eng. and Swedish Lexicon, 1814, 8vo.
Bristead, John. Theolog. treatises, 1743, '50, 4to.
Bristed, Charles Astor, b. city of N. York, 1820, son
of Rev. John Bristed, and grandson of John Jacob Astor,
founder of the Astor Library. After completing his studies
at Yale Coll., he entered the Univ. of Cambridge, Eng., where
be remained five years, and took the degree of B.A. at
Trinity Coll., 1845. 1. Selections from Catullus, 1849, re-
vised and edited with additional notes. 2. Letter to the
Hon. Horace Mann; being a Reply to Certain Attacks on
Stephen Girard and John Jacob Astor in a work entitled
|
Brightman, Thomas, 1557-1607, an English Puri-
tan divine, was educated at Queen's College, Cambridge.
Apocalypsis Analysi et Scholiis, &c., Franc., 1609, 4to;
trans. into English, Lon., 1644, fol.
Thoughts for a Young Man." 3. The Upper Ten Thou-
sand. New York, 1852, 12mo. 4. Five Years in an Eng-
lish University, New York, 1852, 2 vols. 12mo; 2d edit.,.
1852, condensed into 1 vol. by the omission of certain Uni-
versity Examination Exercises. The American public are
debtors to Mr. Bristed for the valuable information drawn
from his own experience in an English university. In a
country like America-whilst we make our boast of "a mob
of gentlemen who write with ease"-ripe classical scholar-
ship is too apt to be undervalued.
Bristed, Ezekiel. Sermon, 1715, Svo.
Predictions and Prophecies written 46 years since con-
cerning the three Churches of Germanie, England, and
Scotland, 1641, 4to.
Brightwell, Richard, a name assumed by JoHN
FRITH.
Brimble, William. Poems, 1767, Svo.
Brimsmead, William, first minister of Marlborough,
Massachusetts. Election Sermons, 1681.
Brinckle, William Draper, A.M., M.D., b. 1798,
Kent co., Del.'; grad. at Princeton, 1816; an eminent pomo-
logist. 1. Remarks on Entomology, chiefly in reference to
Agricultural Benefit, Phila., 1852, Svo. 2. American Po-
mologist, Phila., 1853, 4to, coloured plates. This work
was never completed. Has contributed to various journals
many valuable papers on medical subjects and on pomology.
Brinckmair, L. Warnings of Germany, Lon., 1683.
Brindley, James, 1716-1772, a Civil Engineer of
remarkable genius. Reports relative to a Navigable Com-
munication betwixt the Friths of Forth and Clyde; with
Observations, Edin., 1768, 4to; in conjunction with Thomas
Yeoman, F.R.S., and John Golborne.
Brine, John, 1703–1765, a Calvinist Baptist minister,
stationed at Cripplegate, London. His works comprise
7 vols. Svo. Treatise on Various Subjects, 1743, '56: new
edit, revised by James Upton, Lon., 1813, Svo. A Vindi- |
cation of some truths of Natural and Revealed Religion,
in answer to James Foster, 1746, Svo. Certain Efficacy
of the Death of Christ Asserted, 1743, Svo.
"Brine's Treatises are singularly excellent."-RYLAND,
"Ile appears to have been inflexible in the points which divided
so large a body of clergymen from the Church."
"He is a powerful writer, though some of his doctrinal state-
meats, as it appears to the author, are pushed beyond what the
Scripture warrants."-BICKERSTETH,
Bringhurst, Isaac, D.D. Sermons, Lon., 1689, fol.
Bringhurst, J. Sermon, 1749, 4to.
Brinkley, John, 1763-1836, Bishop of Cloyne, gra-
duated at Caius College, Cambridge, B.A., 1788. He was
eminent for his knowledge of mathematical science and
astronomy. Elements of Plane Astronomy, 1822, Svo;
the 6th edit. was edited with notes by the Rev. Dr. Luby.
"Admirable lectures on Astronomy."-Lon. Quarterly Review.
The bishop contributed a number of mathematical pa-
pers to Trans. Irish Society, 1800, and to Phil. Trans., |
1807, '10.
Brinley, John. A Discovery of the Impostures of
Witches and Astrologers, Lon., 1680, Svo. Discourse prov-
Brinsley, John, son of the former. Theolog. treatises,
Lon., 1651, '52, '55, 8vo.
Brinsley, William. Discourses in 1667, 8vo.
Brisbane, John, M.D. Select Cases in the Practice
of Medicine, Lon., 1762-72, 8vo. Anatomy of Painting,
Lon., 1769, fol. In this work will be found the six Tables
of Albinus, the anatomy of Celsus, with notes, and the
Physiology of Cicero.
Mathemat
Brisbane, Maj. Gen. Sir Thomas.
Con. to Ed. Phil. Trans., 1817.
▸▸
Bristed, Rev. John, 1778-1855, b. Dorsetshire, Eng.,
son of a clergyman of the Established Church, and father
of C. A. Bristed, (ante.) Educated at Winchester Coll.
and studied Medicine at Edinburgh. For two years a pupil
in the law-office of the celebrated Mr. Chitty. In 1820 he
became Rector of St. Michael's Church. Bristol, R.I.,
having succeeded Bishop Griswold. A Pedestrian Tour
through part of the Highlands of Scotland in 1801, Lon.,
1804, 2 vols. 8vo. Crit. and Philosoph. Essays, 1804, 12mo.
The System of the Society of Friends Examined. Lon.,
1805, Svo. Edward and Anna, or A Picture of Human
Life; a Novel, 1805, 2 vols. 12mo. The Resources of the
United States of America, &c., New York, 1818, Svo; re-
printed in London under the title of America and her Re-
sources, &c., 1818, Svo.
"Mr. Bristed's 'eight years' have, we fear, been spent to very
little purpose, if they have not been more profitable to himself
than his voluminous masses of materials relating to our Federa
tive Republic,' are likely to be to the world. He has certainly,
however, improved, both in style and matter, since we made our
first acquaintance with him as an author, which it was our fortune.
to do some years since, in the character of a pedestrian traveller
into the Highlands of Scotland. . . . We conclude with declaring,
that however valuable a citizen may have been acquired in Mr.
Bristed, and however zealous he may be for the interest of his
adopted country, it is our sincere hope, that this, his intellectual
offspring, may always be considered alien from our literary com
munity-North American Review, vii. 1818.
6.
We cannot avoid regarding Mr. Bristed with some degree of
respect. His struggles are evident. In writing his book, his
pride in his native country, which all his republicanism has been
unable to overcome, has frequently had to contend with the flat-
tering but unsubstantial prospect with which the prophetic folly
that ever accompanies democracy has impressed his mind to a de-
gree almost equalling that of the vain people with whom he is
domiciled." &c.—Lon. Quar. Rev.
Thoughts on the Anglican and Anglo-Amer. Churches;
being a Reply to Mr. Wilks's Work on Correlative Claims
and Duties, New York and London. See Eclectic Review
¡
for January, 1823.
Bristol, John, Bishop of. See THORNBOROUGH.
Bristol, Earls of. See DIGBY, GEORGE, JOHN.
Briston, Mrs. A. Trans. of the Maniac; and Poems,
original and trans., 1810, 12mo.
Bristow, J. A. A New Song to an Old Tune, 1811.
Bristow, James. Narr. of his Sufferings in Cap.
tivity in India for Ten Years, Lon., 1793, Svo.
247
BRI
BRO
Bristow, J. C. Poet. Works, Lon., 1850, 5 vols. p. Svo.
Bristow, Richard, 1538–1581, a noted advocate of
the Church of Rome, was entered of Christ Church Col-
lege, Oxford, in 1555; B.A., 1559; M.A., 1562; Fellow of
Exeter College, 1567. Dr. Allen made him the first mo-
derator in the English College founded by him at Douay,
and Bristow was the first member of that college who be-
came a priest. A Brief Treatise, &c.; or, Motives unto the
Catholic Faith, Antwerp, 1574, 16mo; trans. into Latin,
Douay, 1608, 4to.
"The said book contains, with great perspicuity, order. and art,
divers most excellent works, whereby to discern in religion the
true judgment of the Catholic Church from the false vanity of the
heretics, &c.: it is also in all points catholic, learned, and worthy
to be read and printed."-D. W. ALLEN.
Britaine, William de. The Dutch Usurpation, and
their Behaviour to the Kings of Great Britain, Lon., 1672,
4to; reprinted in Harleian Miscellany, vol. iii. The In-
terest of England in the Present War with Holland, Lon.,
1672, 4to. On Human Prudence; or, The Way by which a
Man may raise himself to Fortune and Grandeur, Lon.,
1693, 1702, Svo; 1710, 12mo.
pathically, Lon., 12mo.
Broackes, William. Constipation treated Homeo-
Cutaneous Diseases treated Ho-
trines, 12mo.
This work led to a controversy with Dr. Will. Fulke, of
Cambridge, and several books were published. Tubula,
&c. St. Thoma Aquinatis, 1579. Fifty-one Demands to
be proposed by Catholics to IIcreticks, Lon., 1592, 4to.meopathically, 12mo. Observations on Homeopathic Doc-
He was concerned in the trans. of the Old and New Testa-
ment pub. at Rheims, and wrote many of the commen-
taries in the latter. See ALAN, WILLIAM. Veritates Aureæ
S. R. Ecclesiæ Autoritabus vet. Patrum, &c., 1616.
Bristow, W. Corporation Acts, Lon., 1789, Svo.
Bristow, Whitsen. Poems, Lon., 1811, Svo.
Britain, Jonathan. His life, written by himself,
1772, Svo.
Brittle, Miss Emily. The Indian Guide; or, A
Journal of a Voyage to the East Indies in the Year 1780;
in a Poetical Epistle to her mother, Calcutta, 1785, Svo.
Britton, John, 1771-1857, born at Kingston St.
Michael, near Chippenham, Wiltshire, one of the most
eminent antiquaries of modern times, commenced author-
ship in an humble way by compiling some street-song
books, and an account of the (1.) Surprising Adventures of
Pizarro. Some short notices prepared for the Sporting
Magazine made him acquainted with Mr. Wheble, its pub-
lisher; and to the connexion thus formed Mr. Britton owed
his introduction into the career which he so long and ho-
nourably pursued. 2. Voyages of Columbus and Cortes,
Lon., 1799, Svo. 3. Beauties of Wiltshire, Lon., 1801, 2
vols. 8vo: vol. iii., 1825. 4. The Architectural Antiquities
of Great Britain, Lon., 1805-26, 5 vols. 4to.
"This is a truly splendid and interesting production.-scientific
enough to excite professional attention, and sufficiently picturesque
and diversified to afford an ample treat to the general reader. It does
high credit to the taste and industry of the indefatigable author,
and is a real honour to the country."-New Annual Register, 1815.
5. The Cathedral Antiquities of Great Britain, 1814-32,
311 engravings, 6 vols. 4to, £33; large paper, £55.
"The task which Browne Willis left imperfect has been under-
taken by Mr. Britton, who has contributed more than any other
person to the illustration of our architectural antiquities."-Lon.
Quarterly Review, Sept. 1826.
6. Picturesque Antiquities of English Cities, 1830, r. 4to.
7. Union of Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting, 1827,
r. fol. 8. Fine Arts of the English School, 1812. 9. A
Dictionary of the Architecture and Archæology of the
Middle Ages, 1830-38, r. 8vo, imp. 4to. 10. An Historical
and Architectural Essay relating to Redcliffe Church,
Bristed, 1813, 4to. 11. Fonthill Abbey, 1823. 12. Public
Buildings of London, from drawings by A. Pugin, 1828-
33, 2 vols. r. 8vo. 13. Historical Notices of Windsor Castle,
1842. 14. Memoir of John Aubrey, 1845. 15. The Author-
ships of the Letters of Junius Elucidated, 1848.
We regret that we have not space for the enumeration
of Mr. B.'s other praiseworthy publications, $7 in all. See
a Brief Memoir of his Life and Writings in the 3d vol. of
the Beauties of Wiltshire, and Autobiography, 1849, '50,
2 vols. r. 8vo and 4to.
"We are persuaded that to him, more than to any other indi-
vidual, we are indebted for a rapidly progressive improvement in
the pictorial delineations of our architectural antiquities.”—Lon.
Gent. Mag., April, 1816.
"Mr. Britton stands conspicuous among the labourers on the
more liberal and pleasing traits of antiquarianism. He has long
been contributing largely to the gratification of a rational taste
for what may be called the monuments of past ages."-Eclectic
Review, May, 1816.
ture which had been cultivated chiefly by minute antiquarians, no
did excellent service in calling the attention of the educated public
to the long-neglected topographical and architectural antiquities
of England: there can be little doubt that his elegantly-illustrated
works have been a chief exciting cause in bringing about the im
proved state of public feeling with reference to our national anti-
quities.”—Knight's Eng. Cyc., Div. Biog., vol. i., q. v.
See BRAYLEY, EDWARD WEdlake.
· Mr. Britton's life is one of usefulness,-an example to the in-
dustrious, a stimulus to the young, in every rank of society, who
may be ambitious to tread the paths of literature with honour to
themselves and benefit to the public."-Lon. Lit. Gazelle, Oct. 1825.
"Mr. Britton is not a man of marked originality or great mental
power; but, as a careful and diligent writer in a branch of litera-
Britton, Nich. Bowre of Delights, Lon., 1597, 4to;
doubtless the same as NICH. BRETON, (q. v.)
Britton, Thomas Hopkins. Hora Sacramentales:
The Sacramental Articles of the Church of England vin.
dicated from Recent Misrepresentations, &c.
"A very elaborate and learned work, detailing sentiments/f th
Reformers in opposition to the views of Mr. Gorham.”—English
Review.
Broad, or Brodæus, Thomas, 1577-1639, an Eng
lish divine. A Touchstone for a Christian, 1618, 12mo.
On the Sabbath, 1621, '27, 4to.
Broadbent. Domestick Coffe Man, Lon., 1720, 4to.
Broadbent, William. Sermons, 1816, 12mo.
Broadhurst, Edward. Sermons, 1733, Svo.
Broadhurst, Rev. Thomas. Address on Defence
of Country, 1803. To Young Ladies on the Improvement
tions on Military Men; from the Greek, 1812, Svo. Sub-
of their Mind, 1808, 12mo; 2d edit., 1813. Funeral Ora-
stance of a Speech against the Proposed Alteration in the
Corn-Laws,
Broadley, John. Pandora's Box, 1801, 8vo.
Broadley, Robert. Lectures on the Services, Creeds,
and Offices of the Church of England, Lon., 1836, Svo.
Broadley, Thomas. Religion of Moses, 1805, Svo.
Brocardus, Francis. His Alcoran against Popish
Plots and Conspiracies, Lon., 1679, 4to.
Brocas, J. Calvinism Unmasked, 1812, 8vo.
Brock, Irving. Patriots and Whigs the most dan-
in the Mogul Empire; from the French, Lon., 1826, 2 vols. 8vo.
gerous Enemies of the State, 1810, Svo. Bernier's Travels
Review.
"A good translation of this excellent old traveller.”—Lon. Quar.
Brock, Thomas. The Importance of Religion to
the Military Life, 1801, 4to. Infancy; a Poem, 1816, 8vo.
Brock, Thomas. An affectionate address to tho
members of the Church of England, in which the most
popular arguments for separation are considered and re-
futed, Guernsey, 1826, Svo.
"A truly pious and excellent address in favour of the Church
of England.”—BICKERSTETH.
Brockedon, W., 1787-1854. Excursions in the Alps,
1845, Svo. Views in Italy, 1842-44, imp. 4to, £5 108.
“A work of equal interest and beauty.”—Lon. Athenæum.
in England by the draughtsman and the engraver."--Lon. Lit. Gaz.
"We gladly welcome it as an able specimen of what can be done.
Road-Book from London to Naples, 1835, Svo.
"One of the most useful, compact, and elegant works of the kind
that we have seen."-Lon. Spectator.
Passes of the Alps, illustrated by 119 superb engravings,
1828, 2 vols. 4to; largest paper, India Proofs and Etchings,
pub. at £63; 6 copies printed.
"One of the most valuable and interesting works of modern
times. We have no hesitation in stating that a volume of more
uniform excellence has never been published in England."-Brit.
Magazine.
"Much information will be obtained from Mr. Brockedon's most
beautiful work on the Passes of the Alps.”—Dis. on the Pussage of
Cramer, A.M., Oxford.
Hannibal over the Alps, by H. L. Wickham, A.M., and the Rev. S. A.
of some note, and the owner of a very curious library and
Brockett, John Trotter, 1788-1842, an antiquary
a valuable collection of coins and medals. His coins and
medals, sold June, 1823, produced nearly £2000. His li-
brary, sold December, 1823, produced upwards of £4000.
Museo J. T. Brockett, Nov. Cast., 1822; 32 copies Svo
Selecta Numismata Aurea Imperatorum Romanorum ex
and 2 er. 4to. Glossary of North-Country Words, New-
castle, 1825, cr. 8vo; 2d edit., 2 vols. p. Svo.
Brocklesby, or Brockwell, Charles. Church
Ilist. of Gr. Britain, Lon., 1718, 8vo. Hist. of Portugal,
Brazil, &c., 1726, 8vo.
Brocklesby, John, b. 1811, Eng; came to U.S.
1820; grad. at Yale Coll., 1835; Prof. Math. &c. Trinity
Coll., Hartford, 1842-58. 1. Elements of Meteorology;
15th ed., 1858, 12mo. Highly recommended by Denison
Olmsted, LL.D., J. L. Comstock, M.D., Benj. Silliman,
LL.D., and others. Republished in England and Scotland.
2. Views of the Microscopic World, 12mo. 3. Elements of
Astronomy, 12mo. 4. Common-School Astronomy.
213
BRO
BRO
Brocklesby, Richard. An Explication of the Gos-
pel-theism, and the Divinity of the Christian Religion,
Lon., 1796, fol.
"A learned and curious work.”—LoWNDES.
Brocklesby, Richard, M.D., 1722-1797, the gene-
rous friend of Samuel Johnson and Edmund Burke, deserves
ever to be held in honoured remembrance. Some of his
profess. essays will be found in Phil. Trans. Abr., 1747. '55,
and in Med. Obs. and Inq., 1767. He pub. an Essay con-
cerning the Mortality of the Horned Cattle, Lon., 1746,
8vo. Economical and Med. Observations, 1764, 8vo, and
some other works.
"As an instance of extraordinary liberality, Johnson told us
that Dr. Brocklesby had upon this occasion [his contemplated
journey to Italy, for the restoration of his health] offered him a
hundred [pounds] a year for his life. A grateful tear started into
his eye, as he spoke this in a faltering tone."-BOSWELL.
He also urged Dr. Johnson to live with him, that he
might have him continually under his care.
CC
My physician in ordinary is Dr. Brocklesby, who comes almost
every day,”—Johnson to Mrs. Thrale, London, Oct. 6, 1783.
The kind attention which you have so long shown to my
health and happiness makes it as much a debt of gratitude as a
call of interest to give you an account of what befalls me, when
accident removes me from your immediate care. You write
to me with a zeal that animates, and a tenderness that melts, me."
-Johnson to Brocklesby, a few months before Jolinson's death.
This benevolent man had placed Edmund Burke's name
in his will for £1000, but considering that Burke might
die first, (which he did by five months,) he insisted upon
presenting him with the money, which he did in the most
handsome manner.
| logical Researches respecting the influence of the Brain
on the action of the Heart and on the generation of ani-
mal heat; Phil. Trans., 1811. 3. Experiments and Obser-
vations on the different modes in which Death is produced
by certain Vegetable Poisons; Phil. Trans., 1811. These
papers were republished with Notes, Lon., 1831. 4. Ex-
periments and Observations on the Influence of the Nerve.
of the Eighth Pair on the Secretions of the Stomach; Phil
Trans., 1814. 5. Local Nervous Affections, 1837, 8vo
6. Lectures illustrative of Various Subjects in Pathology
and Surgery, 1846, 8vo.
"That you may long live, for talent an ornament to human
kind, and for your country, your friends, and family. the same
happy man in prosperity, as you have ever approved yourself
whilst withdrawn from the sunshine of a court-this, with much
more, (if any thing can be better.) is the fervent wish of,
My dear Burke.
Your sincere and ever affectionate bumble servant,
London, July 2, 1788.
RICHARD BROCKLESBY."
Brockwell, Charles. See BROCKLESBY.
Brockwell,Joseph. Exps. of the Lord's Prayer, 1784.
Brocq, Philip Le. See LEBROCK.
Brodbelt, F.R., M.D. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799, 1805.
Brodbelt, G. C. Sermons, 1799, 8vo.
Broderick, Miss. Cumberland Cottage; a Tale,
1813, 3 vols. 12mo.
Broderick, Sir John. Vindication from Aspersion,
-1690, 4to.
Broderip, William John, b. at Bristol, and was
called to the bar in 1817; a distinguished popular natu-
ralist Fellow Linnean Soc., 1824; Geol. Soc., 1825,
Roy. Soc., 1828: one of the originators of the Zoological
Society, and its Vice-President. He was one of the princi-
pal contributors to the Penny Cyclopedia, and is the author
of the chief portion of the Zoology of Knight's English
Cyclopedia. After editing a legal work on Sewers, he pub.,
in connection with P. Bingham. Reports in the C. Pleas,
1819-22, 3 vols. r. Svo: a continuation of Taunton's Re-
ports: further continued by Mr. Bingham. 1. Zoological
Recreations, Lon., 1847; 3d ed.. 1857, p. Svo.
Brodhead, John Romeyn, son of the Rev. Jacob
Brodhead, D.D., was born in Philadelphia in 1814: gradu-
ated at Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J., 1831. In
1839 he was attached to the U. S. Legation at the Hague,
and in 1841 acted as agent of the State of New York
to procure Historical Documents in Europe. In 1846 was
appointed Secretary of Legation at London under Mr.
Bancroft as minister; and in 1853 became Naval Officer
of the Port of New York. 1. An Address delivered before
the N. Y. Historical Society, 1844. 2. Report as Historical
Agent of the State of N. York, 1845. 3. History of the
State of N. York. First period, Svo, 1853. 4. Address
4. Address
before the Clinton Hall Association, N. Y., 1854, &c.
Brodie, Alexander. History of the Roman Govern-
ment, Lon., 1810, '14, 8vo. Diary of A. Brodie, Edin.,
1740, Svo.
1
Brodie, Sir Benjamin Collins, Bart., b. 1783,
serjeant-surgeon to Queen Victoria, which post he held
under William IV. and George IV., was a student of Sir
Everard Home. His profession is said to produce him
£10,000 per annum. 1. Account of the Dissection of the
Human Foetus, in which the circulation of the blood is
carried or without a heart; Phil. Trans., 1809. 2. Physio
"We attach a very high value to these Lectures. Their style is
clear, demonstrative. and unaffected, decided, and energetic. but
altogether free from dogmatism or over-confidence. They are
strictly practical: and much of the information which they con-
tain will assuredly do the reader and his patients good, service in
time of need.”—Medical Gazette.
7. Pathological and Surgical Observations on Diseases
of the Joints, 1818, 8vo; 5th ed., 1850. Several editions
of this valuable work have been published in the U.S.
S. Lectures on the Diseases of the Urinary Organs. 1832,
8vo; 4th ed.. 1849. Republished in U.S. 9. Psychological
Inquiries, 1854. 12mo; 3d ed., 1856.
Brodie, George. History of the British Empire,
from the Accession of Charles I. to the Restoration, 4 vols.
8vo, 1822. Mr. Brodie brings grave charges against
Hume's History.
"It is not well written in point of style, and the author must
be considered as a writer on the popular side, but he is a man of
research and independence of mind. It is a work of weight and
learning, and it appears to me forever to have damaged, and most
materially damaged. the character of Mr. Hume as an accurate
historian.... Mr. Brodie is a searcher into original records."-
Prof. Smyth's Lectures on Modern History.
Brodie, James. Medical Con. to Phil. Trans., 1697.
Brodie, W. D. Reply to Calumnies, 1812.
"We believe we do not exaggerate in saying that, since the pub-
lication of White's Natural History of Selborne, and of the Intro-
duction to Entomology, by Kirby and Spence, no work in our lan-
guage is better calculated than the Zoological Recreations to fulfil
the avowed aim of its author,—to furnish a hand-book which may
cherish or awaken a love for natural history."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
Brograve, Sir John. Statute on Jointures, 1648.
Brograve, Robert. A Sermon, 1689, 4to.
Brohier, J. H. English and French Cambist, 1818.
Broke, or Brooke, Arthur. The Tragicall Historye
of Romeus and Juliet, written first in Italian by Bandell,
nowe in Englishe by Ar [thur] Br [oke], Lon., by Richard
¿
2. Leaves from the Note-Book of a Naturalist, 1851, Tottill, 1562, 4to. Agreemente of sondry Places of Serip-
ture, seeming in shew to iarre, serwing in stead of Com-
I'. Svo.
mentaryes not only for these, but others lyke. Trans. out
of French, and now fyrst publyshed by Arthur Broke,
Tuberville gives us
Lon., 1563, Svo.
"An Epitaph on the death of maister Arthur Brooke, drowned
in passing to Newhaven,"
printed with his Songs and Sonets, 1567.
Broke, John Gardener. His Confession of th
Christian Faith. Trans. out of French, Lon., 1573, '83, Svo.
Broke, Sir Robert. See BROOKE.
Broke, Thomas. See BROOKE.
Brodrick, Thomas. Historia Sacra, Lon., 1705,
8vo. Hist. of the late War in the Netherlands, Lon.,
1713, 2 vols. Svo.
Brodum, William, M.D. Guide to Old Age, 2 vols.
Brogden, James, of Trinity College, Cambridge.
Catholic Safeguards against Popery, 3 vols. Svo, Lon., 1816.
A more ample treasury is now placed within the reach of the
clergy by Mr. Brogden's useful and well-timed publication, Catho-
lic Safeguards, which contain a selection of the ablest discourses
on the errors of the Church of Rome. chosen from the works of
our eminent divines who lived during the 17th century.”—Bishop
of London's Charge.
"A most valuable repository of the ancient armour of the
Church of England for the conflict with Rome."-Archdeaom Hur-
risin's Charge.
Illustrations of the Liturgy and Ritual of the United
1842.
Church of England and Ireland, 3 vols. p. Svo, Lon.,
I may be permitted to recommend a selection from the works
of the great divines of the 17th century, by the Rev. James Brog-
den, as a most valuable addition to every parochial clergyman's.and,
indeed, to every churchman's. library."-Bishop of Exeter's Charge.
Mr. Brogden's useful Collection of Discourses on the Liturgy
and Ritual of the Church."-Bishop of London's Charge.
"I take this opportunity of recommending it to a place in every
churchman's library."-Archdeacom Thorpe's Charge.
Brokesby, Francis, 1637-1715, Fellow of Trinity
College, Cambridge; then Rector of Rowley; became a
Nonjuror. Of Education, 1710, Svo. A Life of Christ.
A Letter to Hearne, Oxf.. 1711, Svo. Church History,
1712, 8vo. Life of Dodwell, 1715, 2 vols. 8vo. He also
assisted Nelson in the compilation of his Companion to
the Festivals and Fasts.
Broket, John. Sermon, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Brokis, James, D.D. Sermon, Lon., 1553, Svo.
Bromby, J. H. Visitation Sermon, 1809, 4to.
Brome, Alexander, 1620-1666, an attorney in Lord
Mayor's Court, and a poet; contributed not a little to the
promotion of the Restoration by the severity and ridiculo
with which he treated the Roundheads in the day of their
249
BRO
BRO
power. The Cunning Lovers; a Comedy, Lon., 1654, 4to.
Fancy's Festivals, 1657, 4to. A Congratulatory Poem on
the Miraculous and Glorious Return of Charles II., 1660,
fol. Trans. of Horace, by Himself, Fanshaw, Holliday,
Hawkins, Cowley, Ben Jonson, &c. It seems he had
designed to translate Lucretius. He pub. 2 vols. of
Richard Brome's plays. Isaac Walton commends Brome
highly.
Brome, Edmund, Fellow of St. John's College,
Cambridge. Sermons, 1709–12.
Brome, James. Sermons, 1678-1707.
Brome, James. Travels over Scotland, England,
and Wales, Lon., 1700, '07, '26, Svo. Travels through
Portugal, Spain, and Italy, 1712, Svo.
Brome, Richard, d. 1652, originally a menial ser-
vant of Ben Jonson, wrote himself into high repute. The
Biog. Dramat. enumerates fifteen plays of his, besides
several others which are ascribed to him. Of these the
best known are The Northern Lass, 1632, 4to. The Anti-
podes, 1640, 4to. The Jovial Crew, 1652, 4to. The City
Wit, 1653, 8vo. The Court Beggar, 1653, Svo. Jonson
compliments Brome on the Northern Lass. Two volumes
containing his Ten New Plays were pub. 1653-59. La-
chrymæ Musarum, Lon., 1650, Svo.
"Brome, in imitation of his master, laid it down as his first great
point, to apply closely to the study of men and manners."-Bing.
Dramat.
Brome, William. Indices quinque ad Thesaurum
Ling. Sept. Hickesii, Oxon., 1705.
Bromehead, Joseph. Public Infirmaries, 1772.
Bromesgrove, Samuel. Sermon, 1704, 4to.
Bromfield, William. Theol. treatises, Lon., 1725, '26.
Bromfield, Sir William, 1712-1792, surgeon to Geo.
III., pub. a treatise on Inoculation for the Small-Pox, 1767,
8vo. Chirurgical Cases and Observations, 1773, 2 vols. Svo,
and some other profess. essays. Some of his papers will
be found in Med. Obs. and Ing., and Phil. Trans.
Bromhall, Thomas. Treatise of Spirits; or, an
History of Apparitions, Oracles, Prophecies, and Predic-
tions, with Dreams, Visions, and Revelations, Lon., 1658, fol.
Bromhead, E. F. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1816.
Bromley, Eliza. Cave of Consenza; a Romance
from the Italian, 1803, 2 vols. 12mo.
Bromley, Sir George. Miscellanea Anglia, a Col-
lection of original Royal Letters, written by K. Charles I.
and K. James II., and the King and Queen of Bohemia,
&c, Lon., 1787, 8vo.
"A valuable collection."-LOWNDES.
Bromley, Henry. Catalogue of Engraved British
Portraits, from Egbert the Great to the present Time, with
an Appendix, containing the Portraits of such Foreigners
as either by Alliance with the Royal Family of, or Resi-
dence as visitors in, this Kingdom may claim a place in the
British Series. Interspersed with Notices, Biographical,
and Genealogical, never before published, Lon., 1793, 4to.
Two Addresses on the Deplorable State of the Indians,
1815, 8vo.
Bromley, John, d. 1717, a schoolmaster, is said to
have had Alexander Pope for one of his pupils. Trans.
of the Catechism of the Council of Trent, Lon., 1687, Svo.
Bromley, Robert Anthony, d. 1806. Sermons,
1770-90. A Philosophical and Critical History of the Fine
Arts, Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, in 4 parts,
Lon., 1793-95, 4to, 2 vols.
•
Bromley, Thomas. Sabbath of Rest, Lon., 1710, 8vo.
Bromley, Walter. Military treatises, Lon., 1812.
Bromley, William, Speaker of the House of Com-
mons in 1710. Several years' Travels through Portugal,
Spain, Italy, &c., Lon., 1702, 8vo. Remarks on the Grand
Tour of France and Italy, Lon., 1692, 1705, Svo.
"The first edition of Mr. Bromley's Grand Tour was published
in 1692, and is said to have been withdrawn soon after, in conse-
cuence of a change in his politics. The second edition was pub
lished, without permission. by one of the Whig party, upon an
occasion when it was most likely to prove a source of annoyance;
with the addition of a Table of Contents, turning the author's ob
servations into ridicule."-HENRY G. Boux, editor of Bibliotheca
Parriana. 1827; vide p. 702.
Brompton, John, a Cistercian monk, and Abbot of
Jorevall or Jerevall, in Richmondshire. The Chronicon to
which his name is attached extends from 588 to the death
of Richard I., 1198. It is printed in Decem Script. Hist.
Angliæ, Lon., 1652, fol.
"It is not indeed likely that this history was written by
any member of the Abbey of Joreval, since it takes no notice
of the foundation of that monastery, &c., but only procured
by Abbot Brompton, and by him bestowed on his monastery."
See Selden in Vitis X. Script.; Tanner; Nicolson's English His-
torical Library.
Bromwich. Sermon, 1770, 8vo.
Bromwich, Bryan J'Anson. The Experienced
Bee-Keeper: an Essay on the Management of Bees, 1783,
8vo. A Poem, 1796. Church of Rome, 1797, Svo.
Bronsted, P. O. Essay on the Bronzes of Siris in
the British Museum, Lon., fol.
Bronté, Charlotte, (Mrs. Nicholls,) born 1824,
daughter of Rev. Patrick Bronté, curate of Haworth, in
Yorkshire; married Rev. Arthur Bell Nicholls, her father's
curate, in 1854, and died in 1855. She and her two sisters
have become widely known to fame under the assumed
names of Currer, Acton, and Ellis Bell.
"Averse to personal publicity, we veiled our names under those
of Currer, Acton, and Ellis Bell,-the ambiguous choice being dic-
tated by a sort of conscientious scruple at assuming Christian
names positively masculine, while we did not like to declaro our-
selves women, because-without at that time suspecting that our
mode of writing and thinking was not what is called feminino'
-we had a vague impression that authoresses are likely to be
looked on with prejudice; we had noticed how critics sometimes
use for their chastisement the weapon of personality, and for their
reward a flattery which is not true praise.”—Biographical notice
by Currer Bll, i.e. Charlotte Bronté.
|
Anne (Acton Bell) died in 1848. Emily (Ellis Bell)
died 1849. Charlotte was more successful as an authoress
ihan her sisters. Few novels have gained such immediate
popularity as was accorded to Jane Eyre. We append some
notices of several of the works of the literary sisterhood.
Jane Eyre: an Autobiography, Lon., 1848, 3 vols. Svo,
p.
by Currer Bell, [Charlotte Bronté.]
(*
Almost all that we require in a novelist the writer has,-per-
ception of character and knowledge of delineating it, picturesque-
ness, passion, and knowledge of life. Reality-deep, significant
reality is the characteristic of this book."-Fraser's Magazine.
..
•
The popularity of Jane Eyre was doubtless due in part to the
freshness, raciness, and vigour of mind it evinced; but it was ob
tained not so much by these qualities as by frequent dealings 14
moral paradox and by the hardihood of its assaults upon the pre-
judices of proper people.”—E. P. WHIPPLE: N. Amer. Rev., lxvii. 357.
Shirley; a Tale, by Currer Bell, 1849, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
“There is great ability in this work; it is full of eloquence. The
descriptive passages have seldom been surpassed in beauty and
picturesqueness. The presence of a searching power and a lofty
genius is visible."-Bentley's Miscellany,
Wuthering Heights, by Acton Bell, 1847.
"We strongly recommend it to all our readers, for we can promise
them they never read any thing like it before."-DOUGLAS Jerrold.
"It reminds us of the Nowlans' by Banim. It is a colossal per-
formance."-Lon. Allis.
6
“A work of very great talent.”—Lon. Examiner.
"As the characters of the tale are unattractive, so the chief in-
cidents are sadly wanting in probability. They are devoid of truth-
fulness, are not in harmony with the actual world, and have, there
fore, but little more power to move our sympathies than the ro-
mances of the Middle Ages, or the ghost-stories which made our
grand-dames tremble."
grand-dames tremble."-Lon. Eclectic Review.
The Tenant of Wildfeld Hall, by Acton Bell, 3 vols.
p. Svo.
|
"We give our honest recommendation of Wildfeld Hall as the
most interesting novel we have read for a month past.”—Lon.
Athenæum.
"A story of intense interest, All is plainly simple, but all so
beautifully, so exquisitely natural, so true to the feelings of the
heart, that the attention of the reader is fixed and absorbed.”—
Naval and Military Gaz.
"The Tenant of Wildfeld Hall is altogether a less pleasant story
than its immediate predecessor, though it resembles it in the ex-
cessive clumsiness with which the plot is arranged and the promi-
nence given to the brutal element of human nature.”—E. P.
WHIPPLE: N. American Review, lxvii. 359.
Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell, 1846.
"Remarkable as being the first efforts of undoubted genius to
find some congenial form of expression. They are not common
verses, but show many of the vigorous qualities in the prose works
of the same writers. The love of nature which characterizes Currer
Bell's prose works pervades the whole of the present volume."-
Lom. Christian Remembrancer.
Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey, by Ellis and Acton
Bell, with a Selection of their Literary Remains, and a
Biographical Notice of both Authors, by Currer Bell, 1850
3 vols. p. 8vo. Life of Charlotte Bronté, by Mrs. Gaskell,
1857, 2 vols. p. 8vo; N.Y., 2 vols. 12mo.
"The story of a woman's life, unfolded in this book, is calculated
to make the old feel young and the young old. . . . By all this
book will be read with interest. . . Mrs. Gaskell has produced
one of the best biographies of a woman by a woman which we
can recall to mind.”—Lon. Athenæum, No. 1536.
In consequence of alleged misstatements (some, at least,
of which were acknowledged) in this work, portions of it
were suppressed in subsequent editions.
Bronté, Rev. Patrick, father of Currer, Acton,
and Ellis Bell. Cottage Poems, 1811, 8vo.
"The author has written not only for the good of the pious, but
for the good of those who are not so: and he hopes his poems will
be rendered useful to some poor soul who cares little about critical
matters."
The Rural Minstrel: a Miscellany of Descriptivo Poems,
1814, 12mo. See Colburn's Dict. of Living Autors.
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Brontius. Loyalty Asserted, 1681, 8vo.
f
Brook, Abraham. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1782; on
Electricity, the Air Pump, the Barometer, &c.
Brook, Benjamin. Lives of the Puritans, Lon., popular. It wanted energy, and had not much originality. There
"This piece added but little to her reputation, and never became
1813, 3 vols. 8vo.
was little to disapprove, but not much to admire.”-Nichols's Lit.
Anecdotes, ii. 347.
"This works forms a comprehensive appendage to Neal's His-
tory of the Puritans. and Palmer's Nonconformist's Memorial.”
This work is remarkable for extensive research, poverty of dic-
tion, zeal in the cause of Dissent, and unceremonious reflections
upon Churchmen."--DR. E. WILLIAMS,
A History of Religious Liberty, 1821, 2 vols. 8vo.
Brook, Jonathan. A Collection of Moral Sentences,
from Ancient and Modern Writers, Brist., 1770, 8vo.
Brookbank, or Brooksbank, Joseph, b. 1612,
educated at Brasenose College, Oxford. The Well-Tuned
Organ; on Music, Lon., 1660, fol. A Breviate of Lilly's
Grammar, 1660, 8vo. Rebels Tried and Cast, 1661, 12mo;
being 3 Sermons on Rom. xiii. 2.
Brooke, Major. Short Addresses to the Children
of the Sunday School, on Texts of Scripture, 1791, 12mo.
Brooke, Arthur. See BROKE.
Brooke, Captain De Capell. Travels in Spain and
Morocco, 2 vols. 8vo. Travels through Sweden, Norway,
&c. in 1820, 4to. Winter in Lapland and Sweden, 1827,
4to. This accurate and valuable work has become rare.
Brooke, Charlotte, daughter of Henry Brooke, the
Novelist and Dramatist. Reliques of Irish Poetry, trans.
into English Verse, with Notes, and an Irish Tale, Dubl.,
1789, 4to. Dialogue between a Lady and her Pupils, de-
scribing a Journey through England and Wales. Natural
History, &c., 1796, Svo.
"We approve this plan, as the young mind may thus be drawn,
by the subjects occasionally introduced, to attend to matters of
useful information, instead of the very trivial topics with which
books of education are sometimes filled."—Lon. Monthly Rev., 1796.
Emma, or the Foundling of the Wood; a Novel, 1803,
12mo.
Mrs. Hale quotes "A Lover's Lines" as a specimen of
Mrs. Brooke's style.
Brooke, Christopher. Funeral Elegy on Prince
Henry, Lon., 1613, 4to. Eclogues by Mr. Brooke, Mr.
Wither, and Mr. Davies, 1614, Svo. See Brit. Biblio-
grapher, ii. 235, for an account of A Funeral Poem in
MS. by Brooke, and for other interesting information con-
cerning the author. Brooke was the "chamber fellow”
at Lincoln's Inn and bosom friend of the celebrated Dr.
Donne, and aided him in his clandestine marriage to the
daughter of Sir George Moor, Chancellor of the Garter,
and Lieutenant of the Tower. It proved dangerous to
offend a jailer, for the indignant father-in-law sent the
groom and his two friends, Christopher and Samuel Brooke,
to prison. Vide Athen. Oxon., Bliss's edit., Fasti, i. 401.
George Wither inscribes some verses "To his ingenious
and (which is more worthy) his truly honest Friend, Mr.
Christ. Brooke."-Brit. Bibl. ii. 237.
Elements of the History of England, from the Abbé
Millot, 4 vols. 12mo, 1771. Siege of Sinope, a Tragedy,
1781, 8vo.
Brooke, Mrs. Charlotte, has gained considerable
reputation by occasional poetical effusions.
"Some of her poems have a sweetness of flow and delicacy of
sentiment that seem made out of music, rather than for it. She
seems only to have wanted some deep incitement, such as a sense
of duty imparts to a woman's genius, in order to have excelled."
Woman's Kecord.
Constantia, or the Man of Law's Tale, 1741; in Ogle's
gedy, 1745. Farmer's Letters, 1745: on the plan of his
version of Chaucer. The Earl of Westmoreland ; a Tra-
friend Swift's Drapier Letters. A new Collection of Fairy
Tales, 1750, 2 vols. 12mo; anon. Earl of Essex; a Tra-
gedy, 1760, Svo. The Trial of the Roman Catholicks,
1762, Svo. In this, Brooke pleads for the removal of po-
litical restraints on that class of citizens. The Fool of
Quality, or the History of Henry, Earl of Moreland, 5 vols.
12mo; 1760, '70, '77; in 4 vols. 12mo, 1776.
|
"A novel replete with knowledge of human life and manners,
and in which there are many admirable traits of moral feeling and
propriety, but mixed. as the author advances towards the close,
with so much of religious discussion. and mysterious stories and
opinions, as to leave it doubtful whether he inclined most to Beh-
menism or to Popery."
Brooke, Edward. Bibliotheca Legum Angliæ;
Part II., containing a general Account of the Laws and
Law Writers of England, from the earliest Times to the
Reign of Edward III., &c., Lon., 1788, 12mo. See WOR-
RALL, JOHN.
Rosina, a Play, 1782.
"Few pieces have been equally successful. The simplicity of
the story, the elegance of the words, and the excellence of the
music, promise a long duration to this drama.”—llid.
History of Charles Mandeville; a Sequel to Lady Julia,
Marian, a Play, 1788. Much inferior to Rosina. The
2 vols. 18mo, 1790.
"It has been often wished that the catastrophe in the Novel of
Lady Julia Mandeville had been less melancholy; and of the pro-
priety of this opinion the authoress herself is said to have been
satisfied, but did not choose to make the alteration."
Brooke, Francis. Trans. of Voyages of V. Le Blanc,
1660.
Brooke, Fulke Greville, Lord. See GREVILLE,
FULKE.
Brooke, Henry. The Conservatory of Health, Lon.,
1650, 12mo.
Brooke, Henry, 1706-1783, a native of Rantavan
in Ireland, was for some time a pupil of Dr. Sheridan, and
left his tutor to enter Trinity College, Dublin. From
thence, when only 17, he removed to the Temple to study
law. His first publication was Universal Beauty; a phi-
losophical poem; part 2 pub. 1735; part 3 about 1736.
"This had been submitted to Pope. who probably contributed
his assistance, and whose manner, at least, is certainly followed."
A Trans. of the first three Books of Tasso, 1737.
"It is at once so harmonious and so spirited, that I think an
entire translation of Tasso by him would not only bave rendered
my task unnecessary, but have discouraged those from the attempt
whose poetical abilities are much superior to mine."-HoOLE.
Redemption, a Poem, 1772, 4to.
"A poem in which that great mystery of our religion is ex-
plained and amplified by bolder figures than are usually hazarded."
Juliet Grenville, or the History of the Human Heart;
a Novel, 3 vols. 12mo, 1774. This work is considered
unequal to his earlier efforts. His Works, Lon., 1778,
4 vols. 8vo; this collection contains several plays and
poems not before printed. Of Brooke's plays perhaps
Gustavus Vasa was considered the best. Its performance
was forbidden for political reasons. His Works, with the
addition of some pieces collected by his daughter, were
reprinted, Dublin, 1792.
Throughout all the excellent compositions of Brooke there
breathes a strong spirit of liberty."
See Johnson's and Chalmers's English Poets, 1810, 21
vols. Svo; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; and Brookiana, or
Anecdotes of Henry Brooke, Lon., 1804, 2 vols. 12mo.
Brooke, Henry. Sermons, 1746, '47.
6.
Brooke, Frances, 1745-1789, daughter of Rev. Mr.
Moore, and wife of the Rev. John Brooke, Rector of Col-
ney, in Norfolk, &c., obtained considerable distinction by
her literary abilities. The Old Maid, a periodical, Nov.
15, 1755, to about the end of July in the next year. Since
pub. in a 12mo vol. Virginia, a Tragedy, with Odes, Pasto-
rals, and Translations, 1756, Svo. Trans. from the French
of Lady Catesby's Letters, 1760, 12mo. The History of
Lady Julia Mandeville, 2 vols. 12mo, 1763.
Brooke, James. Sermons, 1706, '23.
Brooke, Sir James, b. 1803, at Bandel, in Zillah
Hooghly, Bengal; Rajah of Sarawak.
His Journals of
Events in Borneo, by Capt. Rodney Mundy, R.N., Lon.,
1848, 2 vols. Svo.
M
"Concerning the plan there were various opinions, [v. p.] though
of the execution there seems to have been but one. It was read
Keppel's volumes gave the outlines of the strange drama of
with much avidity and general approbation."-Nichols's Literary seriatim, omitting only such portions as have already been made
Mr. Brooke's career. . . . Captain Mundy has printed the Journals
Anecdotes, ii. 346.
public. The new Journals of Mr. Brooke here offered to the world
The History of Emily Montague, 4 vols. 12mo, 1769. by Captain Mundy fill one and a quarter of these goodly volumes.”
Memoirs of the Marquis of St. Forlaix, 4 vols. 12mo, 1770.-Lon. Athenæum.
Mr. Garrick refused to give a representation to Virginia,
and Mrs. B. offered him another tragedy, which met with
the same fate. Whereupon Mrs. B. took a severe revenge
on him in the novel of the Excursion, 2 vols. 12mo, 1777.
Like most people who act under excited feeling, Mrs.
Brooke thought her invective too severe; lamented and
"
retracted it.
Brooke, Henry. A Guide to the Stars, Lon., 1820, 4to.
Brooke, Henry James. Familiar Introduction to
Crystallography, Lon., 1823, Svo.
Private Letters of Sir J. Brooke, K.C.B., from 1838 to the
Present Time, edited by J. C. Templer, 1853, 3 vols. cr. Svo.
Brooke, John. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1577-81.
Brooke, John Charles, 1748-1794, Somerset He-
rald, was deeply versed in antiquarian lore. Some of his
contributions will be found in Archeol., 1777, 79, 82.
His signature in the Gent. Mag. was J. B. He rendered
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such liberal assistance to his literary friends that it has
been declared that
The first writers of the age in history, biography, and topo-
graphy, have been indebted to him."
References to him will be found in the correspondence
of that eminent antiquary, the Rev. William Cole.
"Mr. Brooke's illustration of the Saxon inscription at Kirkdale
Church pleases me much... Mr. Brooke is too good a Herald not
to have informed you of the owners of the arms in your window.”
-Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, vol. i.
Mr. B. was applied to by the Duke of Norfolk (then
Earl of Surrey) to write a Latin preface to Domesday
Book. He made some collections towards a history of all
the tenants in Capite mentioned therein, with their pedi-
grees, families, estates, &c. What a grand work would
this have been! Alas for the come-to-nothing projects of
Procrastinating men!
Brooke,N.,M.D. Observations on Italy, Bath,1797,8vo.
Brooke, Ralph, d. 1625, York Herald, was originally
named Brookesworth. He is represented as most perverse
He is represented as most perverse
and malicious in disposition, and he was a "thorn in the
side" of the worthy Camden. He attacked the latter in a
publication entitled A Discoverie of certain Errours in the
much-commended Britannia, 1594. Very prejudiciall to
the descentes and successions of the auncient Nobilitie of
this Realme; by Yorke Herault; sine anno; circa 1596, 4to.
Second Discovery of Errors prejudicial to noble descents,
with a Reply to Mr. Camden's Apologia ad Lectorem in
his fifth edition, 1600. He presented this to K. James I.,
who prohibited its publication. Anstis pub. it in 1723,
4to; this vol. contains the original objections, Camden's
reply, &c. The latter ably defended himself, and charged
Brooke with ignorance and malice.
"Some early attempts were made by an envious person, one
Brook, or Brookmonth, to blast the deservedly great reputation of
this book; but they perished and came to nothing: as did like
wise the terrible threats given out by Sir Symonds D'Ewes, that
he would discover errors in every page."-BISHOP NICOLSON: Eng.
Hist. Library. 1776, 4.
ment against the Britannia, and put forth A Discoverie of
Errours in the first edition of the Catalogue of Nobility
published by Ralph Brooke, Yorke Herald, Lon., 1622, fol.
A highly valuable work, though written with too much se
.verity."
Our choleric "Herault" completed in 1622 a valuable
work, entitled Catalogue and Succession of the Kings,
Princes, Dukes, Marquises, Earls, and Viscounts of this
Realm of England, since the Norman Conquest to this
present year, 1619, together with their arms, wives, and
children, the times of their death and burials, with many
of their memorable actions, Lon., 1619-22, fol. The feli-
The feli
citations of Yorke Herault over his new-born literary off-
spring were interrupted by a critic who made him remem-
ber his foray against the worthy Camden. Mr. Augustus
Vincent borrowed even the very title of Brooke's indict-1665, Svo. Cabinet of Jewels, 1669, 4to. A Golden Key
Brookes, Thomas, d. 1680, an eminent Independent
divine, chosen minister of St. Mary Magdalen about 1651,
ejected 1662. Precious Remedies for Satan's Devices, Lon.,
1653, Sro; about 60 editions. Heaven on Earth, 1654,
Svo. The Mute Christian under the Smarting Rod, 1660,
Svo; more than 50 editions. The Private Key of Heaven,
to open hid Treasures, 1675, 4to. Apples of Gold for Young
Men and Women; more than 25 editions. Holiness, &c.,
1662, Svo. On Assurance, 1654, 12mo.
Riches of Christ, 1661, 4to. Other works.
Unsearchable
Brooke, R. Treatise on the Office and Practice of
a Notary; 2d ed., Lon., 1847, 8vo.
Brooke, Richard. A Descriptive Account of Liver-
pool as it was during the last Quarter of the 18th century,
1775-1800, 1854, r. Svo.
"In addition to information relative to the Public Buildings,
Statistics, and Commerce of the Town, the work contains some
curious and interesting particulars, which have never been previ-
ously published, respecting the Pursuits, Habits, and Amuse
ments of the Inhabitants of Liverpool during that period, with
Views of its Public Edifices.”
Brooke, Robert Greville, Lord. Sec GREville,
ROBERT.
Brooke, Thomas Digby. Trans. from Mad. Guyon
and her Life, 1795-1806.
Brooke, W. H. Foreigner's Guide, 1807.
Brooke, William. Cause of the distress for Provi-
sions, Lon., 1800.
Brooke, Z., D.D. Examination of Dr. Middleton's
Free Inquiry, 1750, Svo. Eleven Discourses, 1764, Svo.
Brooker, Daniel. Sermons, 1743, '45, '46.
Brookes, Melanthe. Fabula Pastorialis, 1615, 4to.
Acted before King James I., March 10, 1614.
Brookes, Henry. Sermon, 1707, Svo.
Brookes, Henry. Sermons, 1732, '34, 8vo.
Brookes, John. England's Interest. Free thoughts
on the Starch Duty, Lon., 1752, Svo.
For Novel Cases, the Abridgment, &c., see Wallace's
Rep.; Marvin, &c. Brooke followed the example of
Nicholas Statham, who first abridged from the year-
books temp. Edward IV.: see Nicolson's Hist. Library.
Le Lieur, &c. del Corone, 1580, fol. Reading on Magna
Charta exvii., 1641, 4to. Reading upon the Statute of
Limitations 32 Hen. VIII., cap. 2, Lon., 1647, 8vo.
Brookes, Joshua, 1761-1833, a distinguished Eng
lish surgeon and anatomist, pub. a tract on the Cholera
an Address, 1828, a paper in Trans. Linnæan Society, 1829,
&c. See Lancet, vol. xii. He had a large museum of
specimens in various branches of Natural History, which
cost him £30,000 and was sold at auction for a very tri-
fling sum.
Brookes, Matthew, D.D. Sermons, Lon., 1621, '57.
Brookes, Richard, M.D. History of the most re-
markable Pestilential Distempers that have appeared in
Europe for 300 years last past; with the Method of pre-
vention and cure of that Distemper, Lon., 1721, Svo. The
General Practice of Physic, 1751, 2 vols. Svo. The
General Dispensary, 1753, 8vo. The Art of Angling, Rock
and Sea Fishing, &c., 1740, Svo. System of Natural His-
tory, in 6 parts, Lon., 1763, 6 vols. 12mo. General Gazet-
teer, or Compendious Geographical Dictionary, 1762, Svo;
18th edit., 1827, Svo; revised and corrected to the present
time, by A. G. Findlay, new edit., Lon., 1851, 8vo.
l
Brookes, Samuel. An Introduction to the study of
Conchology, 1815, 4to.
"It behooves us to state, that Mr. Brookes evinces an intimate
and learned acquaintance with his subject. that he duly blends
perspicuity with brevity of description, that he has bestowed on
his plates an unusual degree of correctness and elegance, and that
he has carefully prepared the way for the prosecution of his fa-
vourite study on the most extensive scale.”—Lon. Monthly Review,
No. 1816.
Brooke, T. Theolog. treatises, &c., Lon., 1548–70.
Brooke, T. H. History of the Island of St. Helena
from its Discovery by the Portuguese to the Year 1806,
Lon., 1808, Svo.
Brooke, Thomas.
Sermons, 1732, '46, 4to.
"His works have been highly popular, on account of their spi-
ritual tendency. As a preacher he was very affecting and useful;
but many of his phrases and comparisons are too homely and fa-
miliar for imitation."-DR. E. WILLIAMS.
Brookesbank, John. 1. An Englishman's Sylla-
bary. 2. Rules for Syllabication, 1651, 4to.
Brooks, Charles Shirley, b. 1815, a dramatist and
contributor to periodicals, has gained considerable reputa-
tion by his plays of Honour and Riches, The Creole, The
Lowther Arcade, and Our New Governess. As commis-
Brooke, or Broke, Sir Robert, d. 1558, Lord Chief
Justice of the Common Pleas in the reign of Queen Mary, months in Russia, Asia Minor, and Egypt, and contributed
sioner of the London Morning Chronicle, he spent six
(1553,) was a native of Claverley, in Shropshire.
Graunde Abridgment, Lon., 1568, '70, '73, '76, '86.
a series of letters to that journal, which were afterwards
Miss Violet and
"This Abridgment, which is principally founded upon that of pub. in Longmans' Travellers' Library.
her Offers. Edited Amusing Poetry, 1857; Aspin Court,
a Novel, 1857. This work is popular and has been highly
commended.
La
Fitzherbert, is digested under a greater number of titles, and be-
eides the authorities collected by Fitzherbert, Brooke abridges a
great number of readings, which seem to have fallen under his
own knowledge as a judge and chief justice of the common pleas
and which are nowhere else extant, except in a small volume se-
lected from this Abridgment, entitled New Cases."-WORRALL.
"A popular, lively, and practical writer.”—Bickersteth.
"Brookes's Unsearchable Riches of Christ is a most edifying
treatise, pithily eloquent, almost every sentence of which is an
aphorism worthy of a distinct setting, and which everywhere dis-
plays large stores of sanctified learning."-Christian Advocate.
Brooks, Charles T., b. 1813, at Salem, Massachu-
setts, graduated at Harvard College, became pastor of the
Unitarian Church, Newport, R.I., in 1837, on which occa-
sion Dr. Channing preached the ordination-sermon. 1,
Schiller's William Tell, trans., Providence, 1838. 2. Trans.,
from same author, Mary Stuart and The Maid of Orleans.
3. Titan; from the German of Jean Paul Richter, 1840.
4. Specimens of German Song, Bost., 1842. This volume
is one of Mr. Ripley's series of foreign literature. 5. Trans.
of Schiller's "Homage of the Arts," with miscellaneous
pieces from Rückert, Freiligrath, and other German Poets,
Bost., 1847. 6. Poems, Prov., 1848. 7. The Controversy
touching the Old Stone Mill in the Town of Newport, R.I.,
Newport, 1851. 8. German Lyrics, containing specimens
·
202
BRO
BRO
of Anastasius Grün and other living poets of Ger-
many.
"On the whole, we have perused the 'German Lyrics' with
pleasure. Mr. Brooks fully maintains by this publication the
credit he won for himself by his former labours as a translator of
German poetry."-Lon. Athen., No. 1476, Feb. 9, 1856.
9. Songs of Field and Flood, Bost., 1854. 10. Eight
Months on the Ocean and Eight Weeks in India, MS.
Brooks, Francis. Barbarian Cruelty, Lon., 1693.
Brooks, Henry James. See BROOKE.
Brooks, Indiana. Eliza Beaumond and Harfiet
Osborne; or, The Child of Doubt, 1789, 2 vols. 12mo.
Brooks, J. T., M.D. Four Months
Four Months among the Gold-
Finders in California, N. York, 1849, 8vo.
Brooks, J. W. Lectures on Prophecy, Lon., 1842,
12mo. Abdiel's Essays on the Advent and Kingdom of
Christ, 1834, 12mo.
"A very valuable work, and full of Scripture illustration."-
BICKERSTETH.
Elements of Prophetical Interpretation, 1836, 18mo.
"A work of useful information."-Ibid.
History of the Hebrew Nation, 1841, 12mo.
"Much valuable scriptural illustration as well as historical.”—
Ibid.
Brooks, James, Bishop of Gloucester. Sermon at
Paul's Cross, Lon., 1553, 8vo. See Fox's Acts and Monu-
ments of the Church for two orations of the bishop's.
Brooks, James Gordon, 1801-1841, a native of
Red Hook, near the city of New York, was known for
some time as a contributor to periodicals under the signa-
ture of "Florio." His longest poem is entitled Genius;
delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Yale Col-
lege in 1827. Mr. and Mrs. Brooks pub. in 1829, a volume
entitled The Rivals of Este, and other Poems, by James
G. and Mary E. Brooks. The principal poem is the pro-
duction of Mrs. Brooks.
"The poems of Mr. Brooks are spirited and smoothly versified,
but diffuse and carelessly written. He was imaginative, and com-
posed with remarkable ease and rapidity; but was too indifferent
in regard to his reputation ever to rewrite or revise his produc-
tions.”—Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America.
Brooks, John, M.D., Gov. of Mass., 1752-1825, puh.
a Discourse on Pneumonia, 1S08, and one delivered before
the Humane Society, 1795.— Thacher's Med. Biog.
Brooks, Jonathan. Antiquity, or the Wise In-
structor; being a Collection of Sentences, Brist.,1770,12mo.
Brooks, Maria, as styled by Southey, Maria del
Occidente, b. about 1795, d. 1845, is best known as the
author of Zophiel, or The Bride of Seven, the first canto of
which was pub. in Boston, 1825; the whole work in Lon-
don, 1833. Mrs. Brooks was the daughter of Mr. Gowen,
a gentleman of Welsh descent, who settled at Medford,
Massachusetts, where Maria was born. In 1820 she pub.
a volume entitled Judith, Esther, and other poems, by a
Lover of the Fine Arts. Mrs. Brooks passed the spring
of 1831 in the hospitable mansion of Robert Southey, at
Keswick, and this useful friend superintended the publi-
cation of Zophiel, of which he was a great admirer:
"If you have not seen Zophiel, it is well worth your reading, as
by far the most original poem that this generation has produced.
The poem has attracted no notice: the chief cause of the pre-
sent failure I suppose to be that it is not always perspicuously
told. The diction is surprisingly good; indeed, America has never
produced any poem to be compared with it."-Letter to Lord Mahon,
May 12, 1834.
·
An interesting review of this poem will be found in Gris-
wold's Female Poets of America. An edition of Zophiel
was pub. in Boston in 1834, for the benefit of the Polish
Exiles, in whose cause Mrs. Brooks felt the warmest in-
terest. See Southey's Life and Correspondence.
In 1843 she printed for private circulation, Idomen,
or The Vale of the Yumuri; a production which par-
takes much of the character of an autobiography. Mrs.
Brooks inherited some estates in Cuba, and took up her
residence in the island. She died at Matanzas, Novem-
ber 11, 1845.
Her principal poem will preserve her name from ob-
livion, but deals too little with human sympathies to take
much hold of the public mind. It is one of those produc-
tions which will be always more quoted than read, and
more admired than understood.
•
"Maria del Occidente is styled in The Doctor, &c., 'the most
impassioned and most imaginative of all poetesses.' And without
taking into account quædam ardentiora scattered here and there
throughout her singular poem, there is undoubtedly ground for
the first clause, and, with the more accurate substitution of fanci-
ful' for 'imaginative,' for the whole of the eulogy. It is alto
gether an extraordinary performance."-Lon. Quarterly Review.
"Which [Zophiel] he [Southey] says is by some Yankee woman;
as if there ever had been a woman capable of any thing so great!"
--CHARLES LAMB.
See Griswold's Female Poets of America.
Brooks, Mary E., a poetess of some reputation, is a
native of New York. Her maiden name was Aiken. She wais
married in 1828 to JAMES GORDON BROOKS, (see above,)
and in 1829 a volume of their writings was given to the
world, under the title of The Rivals of Este, [by Mrs.
Her Hebrew melodies and
Brooks,] and other poeins.
lyrics have been much admired. She is now (1854) a
resident of the city of New York.
Brooks, Nathan Covington, b. 1809, Maryland.
Pres. Baltimore Female College, Historian and Poet.
Scriptural Anthology. History of the Church. Literary
Amaranth. Collectanea Evangelica. History of the Mexi-
can War. Editor of the American Museum, and contributor
valuable series of Greek and Latin Classics.
to various leading periodicals, and the able editor of a
"Brooks's Ovid is a highly meritorious work.”
"The History of the Mexican War is acknowledged to be both
able and impartial."
Brooks, S. H.
ture, Lon., 1847, fol.
Architecture, 1840, 4to.
Brooks, Thomas.
1670, 4to.
Brooks, Thomas.
dies. 1752.
City, Town, and Country Architec
Designs for Cottages and Ville
Modern Architecture, 1852, fol.
London's Lamentations, Lon.,
Charges, etc. in the East In-
Brooksbank, Joseph. See BROOKBANK.
Brookshaw, George. Pomona Britannica, Lon.,
1805; atlas fol., 2 vols. 4to, 1817. Flower Painting, 1816,
&c. Horticultural Repository, 2 vols. r. Svo.
Broom, Herbert. Practical Rules for Determining
Parties to Actions, Digested and Arranged with Cases,
Lon., 1843, 8vo.
"A concise and excellent Treatise upon the subject.”—Marvin's
Legal Bibl.
A Selection of Legal Maxims Classified and Illustrated,
Lon., 1845, Svo; 3d edit., Phila., 1852, Svo.
"Maxims are the condensed good sense of nations.”—SIR JAMES
MACKINTOSH.
It certainly ought to find a place in the library of every scien、
tific lawyer."-Lon. Legal Observer, March 22, 1845.
"It is among the few law-books that we can bind and place per
manently for constant use on the handiest shelf of our book-case.”
-Law Magazine, May, 1848.
►►
-
The practitioner and the student may each resort to this
work as an ample storehouse of legal elementary principles
and simple fundamental laws."-American Law Journal, June,
1852.
Practice of the Superior Courts of Common Law with
Reference to Matters within their Concurrent Jurisdiction,
Lon., 1850, &c.
Lon., 1850, &c. Practice of the County Courts, 1852,
12mo; 2d ed., 1857, Svo. Commentaries on the Common
Law, as Introductory to its Study, Lon., 1855, Svo; Amer.
ed., Phila., 1856, Svo.
"This elementary work, by the ingenious author of 'Legal
Maxims,' will be found to be of much use to the student in ex-
plaining the present state of the law on many subjects not often
treated in the standard books.”—Law Reporter. Oct. 1856.
Broom, Thomas. Female Education, 1791. 12mo.
Broome, Rev. Arthur. Selections from the Writ-
ings of Fuller and South, with Life and Character of Ful-
ler, Lon., 1815, 12mo. The Duty of Humanity, abridged
from Dr. Primalt, Lon., 1831, 12mo.
Broome, Captain Ralph. Tracts rel. to W. Hast-
ings, &c., 1790-96.
Broome, William. Sermon, 1700, Svo.
Broome, William, d. 1745, a native of Cheshire,
England, was educated at Eton, and at St. John's College.
He was for some time rector in Sturston. in Suffolk. In
conjunction with Ozell and Oldisworth, he translated the
Iliad into prose:
**
This is the translation of which Ozell boasted as superior, in
Toland's opinion, to that of Pope: it has long since vanished, and
is now in no danger from the critics."-DR. JOHNSON.
Pope engaged Fenton and Broome to aid him in the
translation of the Odyssey, and to the share of the latter
fell the 2d, 6th, 8th, 11th, 12th, 16th, 18th, and 23d books,
To Fenton's lot fell the 1st,
together with all the notes.
4th. 19th, and 20th. The other 12 books Pope translated
himself. The associates did their work well:
•
The readers of poetry have never been able to distinguish
their books from those of Pope.”
Broome did not consider himself liberally treated by
Pope. It was said, that whilst Fenton received £300 for
four books, Broome had but about £500 for eight books.
The disappointed labourer charged his master with avarice;
and Pope, with that petty spite which was his strongest
characteristic, abused Broome in the Dunciad, and in the
Bathos. Broome's Poems on several Occasions were pub.,
Lon.. 1727, Svo. In the Gent. Mag., under the signature
of Chester, will be found some of his translations from
Anacreon. He pub. Two Sermons, 1737, ito.
253
BRO
BRO
"Of Broome, though it cannot be said that he was a great poet,
t would be unjust to deny that he was an excellent versifier: his
lines are smooth and sonorous, and his diction is select and ele-
gant."-Johnson's Lives of the Poets.
"Pope came off clean with Homer; but they say
Broome went before, and kindly swept the way."-HENLEY.
Broster, J. Progress of the Brosterian System, 1827,
8vo. Removal of Impediments in Speech.
Brothai, F. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1671. Observ. of
Missionaries in Upper Egypt.
"Lord Brougham is fitted to digest immense materials into suc-
cinct form, and to add in each successive year fresh pearls of large
brilliancy and beauty to the chaplet he has already strung of the
statesmen and meu of letters of England."-Lon. New Quar. Rev.
But see a very different opinion expressed in Brit. Quar.
Review, ii. 197, and in Lon. Quar. Rev., lxxvi. 62.
"These are among the best of Lord Brougham's writings, and
we are satisfied will be cherished as valuable contributions to the
literature of his country, ages after the names and the works of
many of his enemies are forgotten."-Lon. Economist.
Political Philosophy, 1840-44, 3 vols. 8vo.
"His style is bold and manly, though sometimes strangely care-
less and lounging; but it is always expressive of his mind and
heart, and through the most labyrinthian sentence it is always
easy to follow the sentiment and reasoning of the writer."-W. O.
PEABODY: N. American Review, Ixi. 383.
Sketches of Statesmen of the Time of Geo. III., 3 vols.
8vo; also in 3 vols., 1839-43, r. 8vo; and in 6 vols. 18mo.
Paley's Natural Theology, edited by Lord Brougham and
Sir Chas. Bell, 4 vols. p. 8vo.
"We close these volumes with gratitude to the author for much
amusement, information, and instruction, with respect for his
learning, and with admiration for his genius. . . . We have agreed
in opinion with Lord Brougham much oftener than we have dis-
agreed."-Edin. Rev.
Brothers, Richard. Prophecies and Times, Lon.,
1794, Svo. Explan. of the Trinity, 1795, Svo. Other tracts,
1798-1802. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. The history of this
madman is well known. Mr. Halhed pub. a number of
tracts in his vindication, and Dr. (afterwards Bishop)
Horne espoused the other side. See Knight's Eng. Cyc.
Brotherton, Thos. Hort. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1637.
Brough, Anthony. Com. treatises, 1786, '89, &c.
Brough, William. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1657,
'60, '72.
Brougham, Henry. Reflections on a book entitled
Genuine Remains of Dr. Thomas Barlow, Bishop of Lin-
coln, Lon., 1694, 4to.
Brougham, Henry, Lord, b. Sept. 1778, at Edin-
burgh, a descendant of one of the most ancient families
of England, received his education at the High School
and the University of his native city. He soon became
distinguished for the zeal and success with which he pur-
sued his mathematical studies. After leaving the Univer-
sity, he travelled for some time on the Continent, and on
his return practised at the Bar in the city of Edinburgh
until 1807, when he removed to London and was called
to the Bar by the society of Lincoln's Inn. Three years
afterwards he entered Parliament for the borough of Ca-
melford and attached himself to the Whig opposition.
In 1816 he represented the borough of Winchelsea. In
1820 occurred an event which was the means of placing
Mr. Brougham in that commanding position before the
public which he has ever since occupied. Caroline of
Brunswick was arraigned before the House of Lords as a
criminal, and Brougham was retained as her advocate.
The great talents of the orator were employed in a cause
calculated to elicit their noblest efforts, and, with a nation
warmly enlisted in favour of his client, it is no marvel that
he became the "popular idol." In 1830 he came in as
Lord-Chancellor with Earl Grey, and retained his office
about four years. Since that period the political life of
his lordship is well known, and, indeed, hardly enters
within the scope of our volume. Lord Brougham has been
an eminent benefactor to the cause of literature and men-
tal progress. In conjunction with Jeffrey, Murray, and |
Sydney Smith, he established in 1802 that most valuable |
periodical, The Edinburgh Review, and contributed many
of the best articles in its pages. In 1821 he took a pro-
minent part in the movement originated by Dr. Birkbeck
for naturalizing the Mechanics' Institutes in England. Of
the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge he was
the principal founder, and is author of several of the trea-
tises in the series, and of a number of the articles in its
Penny Magazine. When only seventeen, be contributed to
the Trans. of Roy. Soc. a paper on the Refraction and
Reflection of Light. In the following year, 1797, he con-
tributed another paper on the same subject, and, in 1798, a
paper entitled General Theorems, chiefly Porisms in the
Higher Geometry. In 1803 he pub. at Edinburgh his first
work, in 2 vols. Svo: The Colonial Policy of the European
Powers. The greater part of this work relates to Ame-
rica, and gives a review of the policy of the Spanish,
English, French, and Celonial administrations, Slavery, &c.
A Letter to Sir Samuel Romilly upon the Abuse of Public
Charities, 1818. Tea eds. were issued in a few months.
Practical Observations upon the Education of the People,
Lon., 1825, 12mo. Lives of the Men of Letters and
Science who flourished in the Time of George III., 1845-
46, 2 vols. r. 8vo.
Opinions on Politics, Theology, Law, &c., 1837, p. Svo.
"Of course, there is much to admire, much to agree with, and
much to dissent from, as the minds of other men are constituted.
Altogether, however, the volume is a proud testimony to humun
intellect."-Lon. Lit. Gaz.
Speech on the Laws, Svo. Selections from his Speeches
and Writings, 1832, Svo. Speeches at the Bar and in
Parliament; new ed., 1843, 4 vols. 8vo.
"This is a work which ought to be possessed by every free
minded man in the British Empire who can afford to add any
books at all to his literary stores. The smaller the collection, so
much more valuable will be such an addition to it; for it discusses
almost all the political, legal, and economical questions, the nearest
to ‘men's business and bosoms, that have arisen and been mocted
within the last forty years."—Edin. Rev.
"Volumes more brilliant for wit or interest, more remarkable
as showing the astonishing mental powers and labours of the
author, have hardly appeared, in our day, at least."-Brit. and
For. Rev.
Preliminary Treatise to Natural Philosophy, in a Collec-
tion of Original Treatises on the Various Branches of Phy-
sical Science, 4 vols. Svo. Lord B.'s Preliminary Treatise is
entitled The Objects, Advantages, and Pleasures of Science.
"There is no second man in the kingdom who could with such
admirable art have analyzed as it were his mental wealth, and
sent it forth in a form at once the simplest, the most convenient,
and the most ready of access that it was possible to contrive."-
Lon. Monthly Review.
Essays on the British Constitution, 1844, Svo. Decisions
in Chancery, 1833-35, vol. i., r. Svo. Discourse on Natural
Theology; new ed., 2 vols. p. Svo. Letter to Lord Lans-
downe on the French Revolution, 1848, Svo. Dialogues
on Instinct; new ed., 1849, 18mo. Albert Lunçl; or, The
Chateau of Languedoc, 1844, 3 vols. p. Svo.
"This novel was suppressed on the eve of publication, and it is
said not above five copies are extant."-Lowndes.
This work is ascribed to another band. See Lon. Athen.,
May 29, 1858, 1596.
Contrib. to Roy. Soc. Experiments and Observations on
the Properties of Light, 1850-52-53. In conjunction with
E. J. Routh, An Analytical View of Sir Isaac Newton's
Principia, 1855.
Works of Henry, Lord Brougham, F.R.S., Mem. Nat.
Inst. France, and of Roy. Acad. of Naples. A new and
complete edition, prepared under the superintendence of
his lordship. 1. Critical, Historical, and Miscellaneous
Works, 1857, 10 vols. p. Svo. Vol. i., Lives of Philosophers
of the Time of George III., comprising Black, Watt,
Priestley, Cavendish, Davy, Simson, Adam Smith, La-
voisier, Banks, and D'Alembert. Vol ii., Lives of Men of
Letters of the Time of Geo. III., comprising Voltaire,
Rousseau, Hume, Robertson, Johnson, and Gibbon. Vols.
iii., iv., v., Sketches of Eminent Statesmen of the Reign of
Geo. III.; new ed., enlarged by numerous fresh sketches
and other additional matter. Vol. vi., Natural Theology,
comprising a Discourse of Natural Theology, Dialogues
on Instinct, and Dissertations on the Structure of the
Cells of Bees and on Fossil Osteology. Revised. Vol. vii.,
Rhetorical and Literary Dissertations and Addresses, com-
prising Discourses of Ancient Eloquence, &c. Vol. viii.,
Historical and Political Dissertations contributed to va-
rious Periodicals. Vols. ix., x., Speeches on Social and
Political Subjects, with Historical Introductions.
"Not only will a large part of his productions be now brought
together for the first time. but the entire series has been newly
made in every department. Many of the biographies are sketches
revised and very extensive and important additions have been
from personal knowledge of the great men with whom he has
lived; many of the speeches must always be ranked with the very
finest specimens of English eloquence; many of the treatises and
articles are essential to a full understanding of the social and po
litical history of the age in which he has been so prominent an
actor: and, though he must often carry us here into debatable
questions, the liquid lava has cooled with time, and we may tread
with the calmness of philosophic inquirers the ground which was
once alive with the heat and passions of the hour."-Lon. Quar
Review. See Edin. Rev., April, 1858.
2. Contributions to the Edinburgh Review: Political,
Historical, and Miscellaneous, 1857, 3 vols. 8vo. The
articles are comprised under Rhetorical, Historical, Foreign
Policy, Constitutional Questions, Political Economy and
Finance, Commercial Law, Physical Science, Miscella-
neous. See reviews in Edin. Rev. and Dubl. Univ. Mag.
"Certainement parmi les modernes le meilleur interprète de
Demosthène."-Journal des Savants.
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3. Paley's Natural Theology, with Notes and Disserta-
tions by Lord Brougham and Sir Charles Bell, 1857, 3 vols.
sin. 8vo.
Brougham, John. Sermons, Lon., 1813, 2 vols. 8vo.
Brougham, John, b. May 9, 1814, Dublin, Ireland; a
distinguished comedian. Irish Stories, Miscellanies, &c.,
N.Y., 3 vols. 12mo. Mr. Brougham is the author of one
hundred and fourteen dramatic pieces, comedies, farces,
&c. Among his dramatic works the principal are the
Comedies of The Game of Life, The Game of Love, Ro-
mance and Reality, and All's Fair in Love, and the
burlesques of Po-co-hon-tas, Metamora, Columbus, &c.
Edited The Lantern, a humorous paper pub. in N. York.
Contributed extensively to various magazines. For biog.
notice, see Dr. R. Shelton Mackenzie's Sketch prefixed to
the first vol. of Mr. B.'s plays, pub. in N. York, 1856.
Broughton. On the great Apostacy from Christianity,
with its evil influence on the Civil State, 1718, 8vo.
Broughton, Arthur, M.D. Profess. and Botanical
works, Lon., 1782-94.
Broughton, Brian. Views of N. Wales, Lon., 1798, fol.
Broughton, Charles. Theory of Numbers, 1814, 4to.
Broughton, Mrs. Eliza. Six Years' Residence in
Algiers, 1839, p. 8vo.
"The vivacity, minute description, and kindly feeling every-
where apparent in this book, render it highly attractive."-Cham-
berx's Cyclopædia of Eng. Lit.
Broughton, Hugh, 1549-1612, celebrated for his pro-
ficiency in Hebrew and rabbinical learning, was a native
of Oldbury, in the county of Salop. The celebrated Ber-
nard Gilpin met a poor boy travelling on the Oxford road.
He was surprised at his scholarship, had him instructed
in his Houghton school, and in due time sent him to Cam-
bridge, where he became Fellow of Christ College. This
was the far-famed Hugh Broughton. Leaving college,
and established in London as a preacher, he soon became
noted. He still pursued his studies with such diligence
as frequently to spend 16 hours out of the 24 at his books.
We notice his principal works: A Concent of Scriptures,
1588. This work occupied the author several years; there-
fore he called it his little book of great pains. It treats
of Scripture chronology and genealogy. It contains spe-
cimens by W. Rogers of the earliest copperplate engrav-
ing in England. Reprinted, 1620.
Reprinted, 1620. See notice of a copy
on vellum in Dibdin's Bibliomania, and in Lowndes's Bib.
Manual, where will be found a list of Broughton's works.
A Treatise of Melchisedeck, proving him to be Sem, Lon.,
1591, 4to. An Explication of the Article of Christ's De-
scent into Hell, 1599, 4to. This led to much controversy,
This led to much controversy,
in which Archbishop Whitgift and Bishop Bilson took
part. Broughton, in pursuing the subject, addressed An
Oration to the Geneveans, which was first pub. in Greek at
Mentz by Albinus, 1601, Svo. In this he treats Beza with
great severity. Exposition of Daniel, 1597, 4to. On Ec-
clesiastes, &c., 1609, 4to. Commentaries on Daniel, Ha-
nau, 1607, 4to; the same in English, Bas, 1599, fol. The
Translations of Jeremiah, 1608, 4to. Defence of a Con-
cent of Scripture, 1609, 4to. Trans. of Job, 1610, 4to.
Explanation of the Holy Apocalypse, 1610, 4to. Obser-
vations upon the first Ten Fathers, 1612, 4to. The cele-
brated Doctor Lightfoot pub. a collection of his works in
1662, fol., under the following title, The Works of the great
Albionean Divine, renowned in many nations for rare skill
in Salem's and Athen's Tongues, and familiar acquaint-
ance with all Rabbinical learning, Mr. Hugh Broughton.
The eulogy of the editor is most enthusiastic, and it is the
praise of a master in Israel. Broughton, who played with |
Greek and Hebrew as a poct toys with the most familiar
rhymes, trans. the Prophetical writings into Greek, and
the Apocalypse into Hebrew. He was anxious to trans-
late the whole of the Testament into Hebrew, believ-
ing that it would have forwarded the conversion of the
Jews. He relates that a learned rabbi with whom he con-
versed, once said to him:
"Oh that you would set over all your New Testament into such
Hebrew as you speak to me! you should turn all our nation.”
It cannot be said that Broughton enjoyed a tranquil life;
but Mr. Whitaker thinks his troubles were self-imposed:
"He was a writer of great ambition, vanity, and dogmatism,
and as such was ridiculed more than once on the stage by Ben
Jonson. It was his misfortune to offend both the High Church
and the Calvinist party; but it must be confessed that all the evils
of which he complained were brought on himself.”—Rev. J. W.
WHITAKER.
Doubtless Mr. William Gilpin's unfavourable character
of our author, in the Life of Bernard Gilpin, has led many
to coincide with Mr. Whitaker's opinion: but Dr. Light-
foot's estimate is very different; and it has been well said
that
"Lightfoot lived nearer the time of Broughton than that gen.
tleman; be bad his information concerning him from those who
were personally known to him; and must, therefore, be presumed
to have had better opportunities of being acquainted with his real
character.”—Blog. Bril.
As to Ben Jonson's ridiculing him in his plays, that
proves nothing more than that Broughton was extensively
known, and had some peculiarities which made him a good
subject for "Rare Ben." We need not remind the classi-
cal reader that some of the greatest sages of antiquity
were impressed into the service of the drama against their
own will. Dr. Lightfoot remarks,
"Some by the mere excitation of his books have set to the study
of the Hebrew tongue and come to a very great measure of know-
ledge in it; nay, a woman might be named that hath done it."—
Preface to Broughton's Works, 1662, fol.
See Life of Bernard Gilpin; Biog. Brit.; Strype's Whit-
gift: Athen. Oxon., Bliss's edit.
Broughton, John. Psychologia, or an Account of
the Nature of a Rational Soul, Lon., 1703, 8vo. Sermons,
1707-22.
Broughton, Richard, d. 1634, a Roman Catholic
ecclesiastical historian, a native of Great Stukeley in Hunt-
ingdonshire, was educated at Oxford and Rheims. He
took priest's orders in 1593, and was sent to England as a
missionary. Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain, de-
duced by Ages or Centuries, Douay, 1633, fol.
"Thotis a rhapsody, and a thing not well digested, yet there
is a good deal of reading shew'd in it. Tis said in the title to be
the first tome, as if another was to follow.”—ANT. WOOD.
A True Memorial of the Ancient, most holy and reli-
gious State of Great Britain, &c. in the time of the Bri-
tons and primitive Church of the Saxons. Monasticon
Britannicum; or a historicall Narration of the first Found-
ing and flourishing State of the ancient Monasteries, reli-
gious Rules and Orders of Great Brittaine in the Tymes.
of the Brittaines and primitive Church of the Saxons,
Lon., 1655, Svo.
"A small book of undigested tales printed a dozen years after
the death of the author, by some of his friends: so that it is pro-
hable we have it much more imperfect than he intended: and in
such an unfinished condition as the mistaken kindness of execu-
tors too frequently sends things abroad.”—Bishop Nicolson's Eng.
Hist. Library.
Antiquity of the word Sterlingorum, or Stirling.
See
Hearne's Collections, vol. ii., p. 318, 1771. Account of
Forests in England, ib., p. 381.
Broughton, Rowlande. A Briefe Discourse of the
Lyfe and Death of the late Right High and Honourable
Sir William Pawlett, Lon., 1572, 8vo; reprinted at the
Lee Priory press, Kent, 1818, Svo, with portrait.
Broughton, Samuel Daniel, 1787-1837, an Eng-
lish surgeon, Royal Army, accompanied his regiment to
Portugal, and embodied his observations in the journey
from Lisbon to the south of France in a very interesting
volume entitled Letters from Portugal, Spain, and France,
written during the Campaigns of 1812, '13, '14, '15, Evo.
He assisted Sir Benjamin C. Brodie in his experiments
upon poisons: see Phil. Trans.
Broughton, Thomas. Christian Soldier, 1737. Svo.
Broughton, Thomas, 1704–1774, a native of Lon-
don, was sent to Eton, from whence he removed in 1722
to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He was or-
dained deacon, 1727; priest, 1728; Rector of Stepington,
Huntingdonshire, 1739: Vicar of Bedminster near Bristol,
1774, to which was added a prebend in Salisbury Cathe-
dral. He was one of the original writers of the Biogra-
phia Britannica. We notice his principal works: An
Answer to Toland's Christianity as old as Creation. Trans.
of Voltaire's Temple of Taste. An edition of Jarvis'e
Don Quixote. Poems and traus. of Dryden, 2 vols. Her
cules; a Musical Drama. Bibliotheca Historico-Sacra
an Hist. Dict. of all Religions, Lon., 1737-39, 2 vols. fol.;
1776; trans. into German. Bishop Tomline recommends
this work.
**
Broughton is in some respects a weak and credulous writer
and. inspired with an ardent zeal for orthodoxy and against
schism, readily admits every charge against the heretics exhibited
against them by the Fathers, who frequently condemned them or
mere report."-LOWNDES.
A Prospect of Futurity, 1768, Svo. Sermons, 1745, '52,
79. Mr. B. made some trans. from Addison's Travels.
Trans. the Mottos of The Spectator, Guardian, and Free-
holder, and some classical pieces. Bishop Sherlock had a
very high opinion of Broughton's merits.
Broughton, Thomas. Letters written in a Mah-
ratta Camp in 1809, Lon., 1813, 4to.
6.
This is a lively, entertaining, and well-written book, and we
can conscientiously recommend it to our readers."-Edin. Review.
"A work containing both instruction and amusement, but
written in a very diffuse style.”—London Quarterly Review.
255
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1814, 8vo.
Selections of the Popular Poetry of the Hindoos, trans. | Dr. John Blair Linn, (whose sister he married in 1804,)
prefixed to Valerian, 1805; pub. Memoirs of Stephen Cal
vert; and edited, with Life, C. H. Wilson's Beauties of
Tom Brown, Lon., 1810, 12mo.
That Mr. Brown possessed a mind of remarkably inven-
tive powers, and enjoyed an uncommon facility of graphic
composition, no one perhaps will deny who has read the
most indifferent of his novels. His faults are equally con-
spicuous, and among these has been reckoned an extrava-
gant departure from the realities of every-day life; but
from this charge Dr. Griswold relieves him:
"It has been said that he outraged the laws of art by gross im-
probabilities and inconsistencies, but the most incredible of his in-
cidents had parallels in true history, and the metaphysical unity
and consistency of his novels are apparent to all readers familiar
with psychological phenomena. His works, generally written with
great rapidity, are incomplete, and deficient in method. He dis-
regarded rules and cared little for criticism. But his style was
clear and nervous, with little ornament, free of affectations, and
indicated a singular sincerity and depth of feeling."-Griswold's
Prose Writers of America: q.v. for an interesting review of Brown's
literary labours.
Broughton, William. Sermon, 1726, Svo.
Broughton, William Robert. A Voyage of Dis-
covery to the North Pacific Ocean in the Years 1795, 96,
97, '98, Lon., 1804, 4to.
Broun, Joannes, a Scotchman. Tractatus de Causa
Dei Contra Anti-Sabbatarios, Rotterd., 1674-76, 2 vols.
4to. He pub. another work in Latin against Wolzogen
and Velthusii, Amst., 1670, 12mo.
Broun, William. Impiety and Superstition Ex-
posed; a Poem, Edin., 1710, 4to.
Brouncker, William, Viscount, of Castle Lyons,
in Ireland, b. about 1620, d. 1684, created Doctor of Physic
at Oxford in 1646, was eminent for his proficiency in the
Mathematics. He contributed some mathemat. papers to
Phil. Trans., 1673, and pub. in 1653 (anon.) a trans. of Des
Cartes' Musicæ Compendium, 4to.
"Enriched with observations which show that he was deeply
skilled in the theory of the Science of Music.”—Bib. Br.t.
Browell, James. Account of Navies, Lon., 1799, 4to.
Brown. Observ. on King Charles I.'s Letters, Lon.,
1645, 4to.
i
Brown. Duty of H. Constables of Hundreds, Lon., 1677.
Brown. Remons. to Parliament, 1680, fol.
Brown. Carpenter's Joynt Rule, 1684, Svo.
Brown. Letters to a Friend, 1690, fol.
Brown and Jackson. Calculator, 1815, Svo.
Brown, Miss. Hist. Recreations, Lon., 1849, 18mo.
"A very nice little work for the recreation and instruction of
students in History."-Court Journal.
Brown, Alexander. Appendix to the Art of Paint-
ing, Lon., 1675.
Brown, Alexander C. Colony Commerce, 1792.
Brown, Andrew. Con. to Edin. Med. Ess., 1736.
Brown, Andrew. History of Glasgow, and of Pais-
ley. Greenock, and Port-Glasgow, Glasg., 1795; Edin.,
1797, 2 vols. Svo.
Brown, Anna S., daughter of Townsend Sharpless,
a well-known philanthropist of Philadelphia. Stories for
Alice, [in rhyme,] 1854, 12mo.
Brown, Anthony. Laws of Antigua, Lon., 1806.
Brown, Sir Anthony. See BACON, SIR NICHOLAS.
Brown, Charles. Med. Treatises, Lon., 1798, '99.
Brown, Charles Armitage. Shakespeare's Auto-
biographical Poems, being his Sonnets clearly Developed,
&c., p. Svo.
"In closing this volume and recommending it strongly to the
reader's perusal. we are fain to add to our many expressions of
satisfaction the assurance that we shall look to any future pro-
duction of the same pen with high interest."-Dublin Review.
For some years after his death, his novels seem to have
been almost forgotten. Mr. Verplanck complained in 1819,
"He is very far from being a popular writer. There is no call,
He is
as far as we know, for a second edition of any of his works.
rarely spoken of but by those who have an habitual curiosity about
every thing literary, and a becoming pride in all good writing
which appears amongst ourselves. They have not met with the
usual success of leaders in matters of taste, since, with all their
admiration, they have not been able to extend his celebrity much
beyond themselves.”—N. American Review, ix. 64.
Eight years after the above was written, an edition of
the novels appeared in Boston, in 7 vols. It is well known
that Godwin, the Sir Hildebrand Horrible of the English
novelists, warmly admired Brown, and acknowledged his
obligations to him. Brown in his turn admired, and ap-
pears to have imitated, portions of Caleb Williams.
"Ilis talent for stirring the expectation of the reader, and keep-
ing his anxiety alive from first to last, throughout some hazardous
encounter, or mysterious event, can scarcely be paralleled in the
history of fiction. . . . Upon the whole, this author may be con-
sidered as one of the best writers of romantic narrative (we give
up character) that the present age has produced. There is scarcely
any one, indeed, who is so eloquent as he oftentimes is; and not
one who can excite such breathless apprehension, or so sublime a
solitary fact. The only incidents that can be compared to Brown
are, the scene under the cliffs in the Antiquary, and that between
the two ladies and the panthers in the Pioneers."-Vol. ix. 317,1824.
New ed., Phila., 1857, 6 vols. 12mo. See also Brown's
Life prefixed to his novels, ed. 1827, by Wm. Dunlap;
Life, by Win. H. Prescott, in Spark's Amer. Biog., 1st Ser.,
1634, 117-180,-reprinted in Prescott's Miscellanies, 1855,
1-56; Lon. Month. Rev., xcix. 151; Lon. Retrosp. Rev.;
Amer. Quar. Rev., viii. 312; Amer. Whig Rev., vii. 260;
U.S. Lit. Gaz., vi. 321.
1
Brown, David. Works on Hand Writing, 1622, '38, 4to.
Brown, David, d. 1812, educated at Magdalen Col-
lege, Cambridge; Chaplain to the East India Company,
1794; Provost of the College of Fort William, 1800.
Memorial Sketches of, with a selection of his Sermons
preached at Calcutta, Lon., 1816, Svo: edited by the Rev.
Charles Simeon.
Brown, Charles Brockden, 1771-1810, a native of
Philadelphia, descended from ancestors who emigrated to
Pennsylvania in the same ship which carried William Penn
to his new colony, earned considerable distinction by the
authorship of a number of novels of the Radcliffe or Godwin
school. Wieland, or The Transformation, was pub. in 1798;
in Lon., 1811. Ormond, or The Secret Witness, appeared
in 1799; in Lon., 1811. This novel was not so successful
as its predecessor. Arthur Mervyn, his next production,
gives a graphic picture of the ravages of the yellow fever
in Philadelphia. It was repub. in London in 1803. This
was followed by Edgar Huntly, or The Memoirs of a Sleep-
Walker, 1801; repub. in London in 1804. In this work
the author has incorporated portions of his first and un-
published novel,-Sky-Walk, or The Man Unknown to
Himself. Clara Howard appeared in 1801, (repub. in Lon-
don in 1806 under the title of Philip Stanley,) and Jane
Talbot in the same year. The last two are considerod
much inferior to his carlier productions. An unfinished
novel-Memoir of Carwin, the Biloquist, (the germ of
Wieland,) will be found in Dunlap's Life and Selections
from the Works of Brown, 1815, vol. ii. 200-201. Mr.
Brown pub. (1803-09) a number of political pamphlets,
prepared with more care than is usually given to produc-
tions of an ephemeral character, and contributed many
articles to The Columbus Magazine, The Weekly Magazine,
&c. In 1799 he commenced the publication of The Monthly
Magazine and American Review, which lived about a year
only. In 1803 he made another attempt to establish a
periodical, and The Literary Magazine and American Re- |
gister to which he was the principal contributor-was
sustained for five years, (8 vols. 8vo.) The 'American Re-
gister-another project of his, commenced in 1807-was
pub. in semi-annual volumes (7 in all) until his death in
1810. He made a translation of his friend Volney's Travels
in the United States, 1804; wrote a Memoir of the Rev. |
"His sermons breathe the true spirit of a Christian Minister;
they state in very forcible terms the fundamental doctrines of our
holy religion; and they are admirably adapted to stir up in the
minds of all who read them. an ardent love to our Saviour, and a
holy zeal in his service."-REV. CHARLES SIMEON.
Brown, David. Christ's Second Coming: Will it be
Pre-Millennial? 2d ed. 1847, p. Svo.
“A noble defence of precious truth, comprehending a whole li-
brary of reading, and which, we think. will be the death-blow of
the millennian theory."-Free Church Mog.
“Mr. Brown has argumentatively destroyed pre-millennialism,
root and branch."-Witchman.
Brown, David, d. 1829, a North American (Cherokee)
Indian, assisted John Arch in preparing the Cherokee Spell-
ing Book, and wrote in 1825 a Letter giving some account
of the Cherokees.
Brown, David Paul, b. in Philadelphia, 1795, ad-
mitted to the Bar, 1816, contributed in early life to peri-
odical literature; wrote Sertorius, or The Roman Patriot,
a Tragedy, and The Prophet of St. Paul's, a Melo-Drama,
in 1830, (both performed and published;) subsequently
composed The Trial; a Tragedy, and Love and Honour, a
Farce; and, in 1856, pub. The Forum, or Forty Years'
Full Practice at the Philadelphia Bar, 2 vols. 8vo. Ex-
cellent. See Livingston's Biographies; Reese's Dramatic
Authors of America; Walsh's Amer. Quar. Rev.; Chris.
Review, July, 1858; South. Lit. Mess., July, 1858. Two
vols. more of The Forum, and four vols. of Mr. Brown's
Speeches, are announced to be published in January, 1859.
Brown, Edward, Rector of Sundridge, Kent. Fas-
ciculus Rerum expetendarum et fugiendarum prout ab Or-
256
BRO
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thuino Gratio editus, Londini, 2 vols. fol.; first pub. at
Cologne in 1535, by Orthuinus Gratius. The tracts relate-Lindley's Gardener's Journal.
to the Council of Basil, early reformers, and the errors of
the Church of Rome. Trans. into English of Father Paul's
Letters, with preface., Lon., 1893, 8vo.
Brown, Edward. Descrip. of an Annual World, &c.,
1641, 8vo. Warning Piece for England, 1643. 4to.
Brown, Edward, Rector of Langley, Kent. Sermons,
1699, 4to.
Brown, Edward. Travels and Adventures of Ed-
ward Brown, formerly a Merchant in London, Lon., 1739,
8vo. Written by John Campbell, LL.D.
Brown, Frances, b. 1816, is a native of Stranorlar,
county of Donegal, Ireland, where she is known by the
name of "The Blind Poetess of Ulster." Lyrics, and Mis-
cellaneous Poems, Lon., 1847, 12mo. The Star of Attéghéi,
and other Poems, Lon., 1844, 12mo. Her poems are much
admired.
"The bard gathers dignity from the darkness amid which she
sings, as the darkness itself is lightened by the song.”—Preface to
vol. pub. in 1844.
Brown, Francis, D.D., 1784-1820, President of
mouth College, a native of New Hampshire, pub. several
sermons, 1810-14.
Brown, George. Arithmetical Treatises, 1700-18.
Brown, Goold, 1791-1857, an American grainmarian.
1. Institutes of English Grammar, N. York, 1823, '32, '46,
12mo. 2. First Lines of English Grammar, 1823, '27, 18mo;
1844, 12mo. 3. Grammar of English Grammars, N. York,
1850-51, 8vo; 2d ed., 1857, Svo, pp. 1070. Prefixed to
this work is a valuable Digested Catalogue of English
Grammars and Grammarians, &c. Other grammatical
treatises: vide supra.
Brown, Henry. Trans. from the Greek of Justin
Martyr's Dialogue with Trypho the Jew, 1755, 2 vols. 8vo.
Brown, Henry. History of Illinois, New York,
1844, 8vo.
Other works, Historical, Biographical, and Poetical
See Bibl. Brit.
Brown, or Browne, John, Surgeon at St. Thomas'
Hospital, London. A Complete Treatise of the Muscles
as they appear in the Human Body, and arise in Dissec
tion. Illustrated with Copperplates. Lon., 1671, '81, '98
fol. Complete Description of Wounds, both general an
Other profess. treatises, 1678-1703.
Dart-practical, 1678, 4to.
thumberland, was educated at St. John's College, Cam.
Brown, John, D.D., a native of Rothbury, in Nor
bridge; obtained the living of Great Horkesley, Essex,
1754; Vicar of St. Nicholas, Newcastle, about 1758; com-
mitted suicide, when insane,1766. Honour, a Poem. Essay
on Satire. Two Sermons, 1746, 4to. A Sermon on Gam-
ing, &c., preached at Bath, April 22, 1750. In consequence
of this sermon, the public gambling tables at Bath were
Characteristics, Lon., 1751, 8ro: suggested to Brown by
suppressed by the magistracy. Essays on Shaftesbury's
Warburton, and to Warburton by Pope, who told Warbur-
ton that to his knowledge the Characteristics had done
more harm to revealed religion in England than all the
other works of infidelity put together. The Essays were
so popular that a 5th edit. was pub. in 1764. A Defence
of Pitt. Letter to Dr. Lowth, 1766, Svo. Diss. on Poetry
and Musick, 1763, 4to. Brown pub. a number of other
theological and literary works, 1754-66, but the only one
which gave him great reputation was An Estimate of the
Manners and Principles of the Times, Lon., 1757, Svo.
pub. in the language; no less than seven editions being
This proved to be one of the most popular treatises ever
called for in little more than a year from its appearance.
A second vol. was pub. in 1758, and an edition in 3 parts,
with an explanatory Defence of it, 1760-61.
Brown, Hugh. Principles of Gunnery, Lon., 1777, 4to.
Brown, Humphrey. The Ox muzzled or Ox-ford
dried, or a Vindication of the Churches Rights against her
Sacrilegious Enemies, Lon., 1649, 4to.
Brown, Isaac Baker, Surgeon Accoucheur to St.
Mary's Hospital, London. Treatment of Scaristia, Lon.,
1846, p. Svo. On some Diseases of Women admitting of
Surgical Treatment, 1854, 8vo.
Brown, J. Mathemat. Tables; 2d ed., 1808, Svo.
Brown, J. H. Elements of English Grammar: see
GENGEMBRE, P. W.
Brown, J. Newton, born in New London, Conn., 1803;
grad. Hamilton Lit. and Theol. Inst., (now Madison Univ.,)
June, 1823. Life and Times of Menno, 18mo, pp. 72, 1853.
Baptismal Balance, 18mo, pp. 72, 1853. Baptist Church
Manual, 18mo, pp. 26, 1853. Obligation of the Sabbath,
(A Discussion with W. B. Taylor.) 18mo, pp. 300, 1853. En-
cyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Boston, 1835. Apoca-
lypse, a Poem, 1836. Emily and other Poems, pp. 276, 1840.
Practical Works of John Bunyan, S vols. 12mo, 1852;
with about 150 smaller books, as Editorial Secretary of the
Amer. Bap. Pub. Soc. for the last ten years. He is now
(1859) writing a new History of the Church from a strictly
Christian point of view, aiming to unfold its evangelical
constitution and spirit impartially through all ages.
Brown, James. Scripture Redemption, Lon., 1673.
Brown, James, 1709-1787, originated The Directory,
or List of Principal Traders in London, first pub. in 1782.
He consigned the project to Kent, the printer, who made
a fortune by the annual publication of a similar volume.
Brown pub. (anon.) Orations of Isocrates.
Brown, James, Vicar of Kingston near Taunton,
Somersetshire. Funeral Sermon, 1756, Svo.
Brown, James. The Frolic; a Play, 1783, Svo.
Brown, James, Miss'y in the Province of Georgia.
The Restitution of all Things, 1785, Svo. Civil Govern-
ment, 1792, Svo.
Brown, James, D.D., of Barnwell. Northampton-
shire. An attempt towards an Explanation of the Book
of Revelation, &c., Lon., 1812, Svo.
Brown, James. Con. to Trans. Hortic. Soc., 1817.
Brown, James. The Forester; being a Practical
Treatise on the Formation, Draining, and Fencing of
Plantations; the Planting, Rearing, and Management of
Forest Trees; the Cutting and Preparation of Wood for
Sale; with an Improved Process for the Transplantation
of Trees of large size. A new edition, greatly enlarged,
with 109 Illustrations engraved on wood, demy Svo.
"We can refer to this volume as THE BOOK to be recommended.
Beyond all doubt this is the best work on the subject of Fo-
restry extant."-Gardeners' Journal.
17
Brown, James. Grammatical works, Bost., Salem,
and Phila., 1815-41. See Goold Brown's Grammar of
Grammars, Cat., xiii.
Brown, James B. Views of Canada and the Colonists.
"The intelligence conveyed is not only abundant, but of great
value.”—Church and State Gazette.
Brown, James Baldwin, LL.D., 1781-1843. Mem.
Preface by the Rev. Thomas Binney, 12mo.
of John Howard, 4to. Studies of First Principles; with a
"A valuable contribution to our higher popular religious library,
and an incontestable evidence that the author has a dignified, en-
larged, and correct appreciation of the Christian economy and life.”
Im. Biblical Revirus.
"It was perhaps as extravagantly applauded, and as extrava
gantly censured, as any book that was ever written. The design
of it was to show that a vain, luxurious, and selfish effeminacy,
in the higher ranks of life,' marked the character of the age, and
to point out the effects and sources of this effeminacy. And it
must be owned, that, in the prosecution of it, the author has given.
abundant proofs of great discernment and solidity of judgment. a
deep insight into human nature, and extensive knowledge of the
world; and that he has marked the peculiar features of the time
with great justice and accuracy."
He committed suicide, Sept. 23, 1766, in his 51st year. ·
Brown, John, 1722–1787, a native of Carpow, county
of Perth, Scotland, a schoolmaster and divine at Hadding-
ton, attained great distinction by his knowledge of lan-
guages, acquired by his own industry, without the aid of
teachers. He was acquainted with Latin, Greek, Hebrew,
Persian, Syriae, Ethiopic, Arabic, French, Italian, and
German. Two Short Catechisms, Edin., 1764; Glasg.,1777,
12mo. The Christian's Journal, Edin., 1765. Dictionary
of the Holy Bible on the plan of Calmet, Lon., 1769, 2
vols. 8vo; often reprinted.
“A useful rather than a profound work; and has contributed
very considerably to disseminate religious information in this
country. As it was intended chiefly for common readers, the au-
thor, though a man of learning, and very general information, pur-
posely avoided a display of learning."—ORME.
"Allowances being made for some of his sentiments, his work
may be advantageously substituted for Calmet's, the price of
which necessarily places it above the reach of many persons."-
HORNE.
"A very valuable body of information on divinity.”—BICKER-
STETH.
Self-Interpreting Bible, Lon., 1791, 2 vols. 4to. Simply
an edition of the Scriptures, with many marginal refer-
ences, short notes, and reflections.
"An admirable book, either for ministers or families."
A new edit. by Rev. John Barr, with the assistance of
the author's son and grandson, was recently pub. by Blackie
& Son, Glasgow, and in Lon. in 1838. A General History
of the Christian Church to the present Times, Edin., 1771,
2 vols. 12mo. A very useful compendium, somewhat on
the plan of Mosheim or Lampe. Other theological works.
Brown, John, d. 1679, of the Scotch Church, Rot-
terdam. Christ the Way, the Truth, and the Life, Rott.,
257
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1677, 12mo. Quakerism the Pathway to Paganism, in an-
swer to R. Barclay's Apology, Edin., 1678, 4to. An Ex-
planation of the Epistle to the Romans, Edin., 1679, 4to.
"The author was a Calvinist of the old school, a man of learn-
ing, piety, and good sense. The work is heavy, but valuable;
chiefly as a doctrinal and practical exposition."―ORME.
Brown, John, D.D., b. 1785, Whitburn, Linlithgow-
shire, Senior Minister of the United Presby. Congr.,
Broughton Place, Edin., Prof. of Theology, &c., grandson
of John Brown of Haddington, has pub. a number of
theological works, 1821-52. We notice a few. Expository
Discourses on the First Epistle to the Romans; 2d ed.,
Edin., 1849, 2 vols. 8vo. Discourses and Sayings of our
Lord Jesus Christ; 2d ed., Edin., 1852, 3 vols. 8vo.
"These volumes add fresh lustre to Dr. Brown's well-deserved
reputation as a Biblical scholar and
bear the impress of keen critical sagacity, of calm, comprehensive,
and independent judgment, of extensive research, of sound exe
getical principles, and of the most devout and loving reverence
for Him whose Sayings' they illustrate. They are exquisite and
exhaustive expositions of the words of our Lord."-Eclectic Rev.
"A noble work."-Fee Church Magazine.
6
"One of the most valuable expository works in our language."
-Baptist Magazine.
An Exposition of our Lord's Intercessory Prayer, Edin.,
1850, 8vo. Discourses suited to the Administration of the
Lord's Supper. Edin., 1823, 12mo. Highly commended.
The Resurrection of Life, Edin., 1852, 8vo. Expository
Lectures on the First Epistle of Peter, 2d ed., 1849, 8vo.
Of this work, the North British Review says:
..
"It is neither Scottish nor German, but sprung from the high
and rare union of the best qualities of both schools in a single
mind. It has the Scottish clearness, precision, orthodoxy, practi-
cality; the German learning, minuteness of investigation, and
disregard of tradition; and for certain qualities too rare in both
resolute adherence to the very truth of the passage-unforced de-
velopment of the connection, and basing of edification on the right
meaning of the Scripture, we have not met with any thing in either
country that surpasses it."
The Sufferings and Glories of the Messiah, 1853, Svo. Ex-
position of the Epistle of Paul to the Galatians, 1853, Svo.
Brown, John. Chem. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1722, 24.
Brown, John. Sermon, 1758, Svo. On Baptism,
1761, Svo.
Brown, John. The Psalms in Metre, 1775, 8vo. The
Bible, with Notes, Edin., 1778, 2 vols. 4to.
Brown, John, M.D., 1735-1788, the author of the
Brunonian system in Medicine, was a native of Berwick-
shire. He was placed at school at Dunse, and soon dis-
tinguished himself by his proficiency in the Greek and
Latin classics. He lectured on medicine at Edinburgh,
and had his theory of medicine and practice of life been
better, nothing could have prevented his attaining to great
eminence. His new positions were embodied in Elementa
Medicinæ, in Latin, 1780, 8vo. Editio alteram plurimum
emendata et integrum demum opus exibens, Edin., 1787,
2 vols. 8vo; 1794, 8vo. His work has been trans. into
many languages. The author pub. an English version,
Lon., 1788, 2 vols. 8vo; a new edit. by Dr. Beddoes, 1795,
2 vols. 8vo. Dr. Brown pub. Edin., 1787, 8vo, Observa-
tions on the Principles of the Old System of Physic, ex-
hibiting a compound of the New Doctrine, &c. This work
contains a violent attack upon Dr. Cullen's doctrine of
Spasms. Dr. C. had been a warm friend of Dr. Brown's,
and dissuaded him from seeking a professorship in one of
the colleges of America, which was Brown's favourite
scheme. Unfortunately, variance succeeded to friendship.
A new edit. of Dr. Brown's works was pub. in 1804, Lon.,
3 vols. 8vo, by Dr. William Cullen Brown. Mr. Pettigrew
proves Brown to have been a better man than the popular
estimate of his character would indicate. The Brunonian
tl cory has been thus summed up,-imperfectly, no doubt:
"All general or universal diseases were reduced to two great
families or classes, the sthenic and the asthenic; the former de
pending upon excess, the latter upon deficiency, of exciting power.
The former were to be removed by debilitating, the latter by sti-
mulant, medicines, of which the most valuable and powerful are
brandy and opium."
The controversy, pro and con., was carried on with great
ardour. So keen became the wordy war at the Royal
Medical Society that a number of duels were fought, and a
law was passed that no future references should be had to
the hostile field. Nor was the war confined to the place
of its birth. France, Spain, Italy, Poland, and Russia
took up the cudgels; and in Germany the combat waxed
so fierce that the military were obliged to take possession
of the University of Göttingen to quell the Brunonians
and Anti-Brunonians. See Beddoes's edit. as above; Pet-
tigrew; Rees's Eneye.; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Brown, John, of Whitburn. Gospel Truth, stated
and illustrated by Hog, Boston, E. and R. Erskine, and
pthers; occasioned by the republication of The Marrow
of Modern Divinity, collected by Rev. J. Brown, 1831,
12mo.
"This book gives a complete history of that important affair
known as The Marrow Controversy, which so agitated North Bri
tain in the early part of the last century. It contains also lives of
the principal Marrow Men, with notices of their works; it is very
valuable on this account. as it contains more notices of the class
of books to which it refers than any other book with which we are
acquainted."
Brown, John, D.D., Minister of Langton, Berwick-
shire. The Testimony of Experience to the Utility and
Necessity of Sabbath Schools, Edin., 1826, 8vo.
Brown, John, Vicar of St. Mary's, Leicester. Christ
Crucified, the only Theme of Gospel Ministration. Visi-
tation Sermon, 1 Cor. i. 23, Lon., 1841, Svo.
Brown, John, 1752-1787, a Scotch artist, a native of
Edinburgh. Letters on the Poetry and Music of the Italian
Opera, 1789, Svo.
Brown, John. Historical and Genealog. Tree of the
Royal Family of Scotland, 1796; new edit., 1811; of the
Family of Graham, 1808; Elphinstone, 1808; Macdo-
nald, 1810.
Brown, John, of Great Yarmouth. Treatises on the
British Navy, 1806, '07.
Brown, John. Trans. of Mem. of Prince Staimatoff,
1814, 12mo.
The
Psyche, or the Soul, 1818, 12mo.
Northern Courts; containing original Memoirs of the So-
vereigns of Sweden and Denmark since 1776, Lon., 1818,
2 vols. Svo.
"A more clumsy and unworkmanlike performance we have
seldom witnessed."-Lon. Quarterly Review, xix. 380.
Anecdotes and Characters of the House of Brunswick,
1820, Svo.
Brown, John. Elem. of Eng. Education, 1809, 12mo.
Brown, John. On Mathematical Instruments, 1671,
S, Svo.
Publications of Robert Owen, Esq., of New Lanark, 1818.
Brown, John, of Biggar. Remarks on the Plans and
hill, Massachusetts, pub. a Sermon on the Death of Thomas
Brown, John, d. 1752, aged 46, Minister of Haver-
Symmes, 1726.
umph of the Blessed and only Potentate, Lon., 1823, 2 vols.
Brown, John Aquila. The Even-tide, or Last Tri-
of Daniel and St. John, &c.
This work contains a Development of the Mysteries
Svo.
"New and questionable interpretations; but with many valuá-
ble points."-BICKERSTETH.
|
The Jew the Master-key of the Apocalypse, Lon., 1827,
8vo. In answer to Frere, Irving, and others. The Mount
of Vision, etc., 18mo. A familiar illustration of the pro-
phecies of Daniel, designed for the young.
Brown, John P., Dragoman of the Legation of the
United States at Constantinople. Trans. of the Turkish
Evening Entertainments, &c., by Ahmed Ben Hemden,
the Kiyaya, New York, 12mo.
"The historical and amusing interest of the two hundred and
seven curiosities, which I might call anecdotes, is obvious, &c."-
Vox HAMMER, the celebrated Orientalist, to the Translator.
"This book is one of the most interesting and amusing which
have appeared.”—Jour. Asiatique.
Brown, Rev. John W., 1814-49, an American poet.
Christmas Bells, and other Poems, N. York, 12mo.
Brown, John Wm. Life of Da Vinci, Lon., 1828, Svo.
Brown, Joseph. Joseph and his Brethren, 1767.
Brown,Josiah, d. 1793. Legal compilations, 1779, &c.
Brown, Littleton. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1738.
Brown, or Browne, Moses, 1703-1787, Vicar of
Olney, Bucks. Polidus, a Tragedy. All-bedevilled, a
Farce. Poems on Various Subjects, 1773, 8vo. An edit.
of Walton and Cotton's Angler; with a Preface, Notes,
and some valuable Additions, 1750, 59, 72. Sunday
Thoughts, 1752, '64, '81. Percy Lodge; a Poem, 1755,
4to. Sermons, 1754, '61, '65. Other works.
Brown, Peter. New Illustrations of Zoology, Lon.,
1776, 4to. Designed as a supplement to Edwards's Birds
Descriptions mostly written by Pennant.
Brown, R.
R. Complete Farmer, 1758, 2 vols. 12mo.
Brown, R. B. Extraordinary Adventures of several
famous men, Lon., 1683, 12mo.
Brown, or Browne, Richard. Medica Musica,
Lon., 1674, 8vo. Other works, 1678, '92 '94, Svo.
Brown, Richard. Med. treatise, Lon., 1730, 4to.
Brown, Richard, D.D., Canon of Christ Church,
and Regius Professor of Hebrew, &c., Oxford. Job's Ex-
pectation of a Resurrection, 1747, 8vo. The Case of
Naaman Considered, 1750, 8vo.
Brown, Richard. Principles of Practical Perspec-
tive, 1815, 4to. Elucidation of Drawing Ornaments, 4to.
Rudiments of Drawing Cabinet, &c., Furniture, 410. Con.
to Phil. Mag., 1816. Treatise on Domestic Architecture,
258
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!
4to. Sacred Architecture, its Rise, Progress, and Present
State, r. 4to, 1845, with 63 plates by Adlard.
"This useful and comprehensive work embraces the Babylonian,
Indian. Egyptian, Greek, and Roman Temples, the Byzantine,
Saxon, Lombard, Norman. and Italian Churches; with an Analy-
tical Inquiry into the Origin, Progress, and Perfection of the Gothic
Churches in England; also the Elements of Church Design. &c."
"If we were asked. For what class of readers is this very elegant
production intended? our answer would be. For none exclusi ely,
for several beneficially. The bishop and his suffragans-the man
of education--and the votary of art, may each take useful lessons
from it."-Clonial Mog.
·
A
Brown, or Browne, Robert, d. 1630, the founder
of the Brownists, afterwards called Independents.
Treatise of Reformation without tarrying for any. A Trea-
tise of the 23d Chapter of St. Matthew. A Book which
sheweth the Life and Manners of all true Christians. These
three works are contained in a thin quarto vol., pub. at
Middleburgh, in 1582.
Brown, Robert. Death of Charles I., Lon.. 8vo.
Brown, Robert, 1756–1831. Agricult. works, Lon.,
1799-1816.
“Mr. Brown's works have been translated into the French and
German languages, and he is quoted by all continental writers as
an authority."—Donaldson's Agricult. Bog., q. r. for an interesting
account of Mr. Brown, his farming and his literary labours.
Brown, Robert. Military works, 1796, '97, 8vo.
Brown, Robert, D.C.L, 1773-1858, b. at Montrose;
a distinguished botanist; entered Marischal College,
Aberdeen, 1787; studied Medicine at the Univ. of Edin-
burgh, 1790-91; in 1806, appointed Librarian of Lin-
næan Society, and President of the same from 1849 to '53.
Contributed an important article On the Asclepiada;
Trans. Wernerian Soc., 1809. On the Natural Order of
Plants called Proteacea; Trans. Linn. Soc., 1810. Pro-
dromus Flora Novæ Hollandiæ et Insulæ Van Diemen,
Lon., 1810, vol. i., Svo. This vol. was suppressed by its
author. Editio secunda, curavit C. G. Nees ab Essenbeck,
Dr., Norimb., 1827, 8vo. General Remarks, Geographical
and Systematical, on the Botany of Terra Australia,
1814.
"Mr. Brown was the first English botanist to write a systematic
work of any extent according to the natural method of Jussieu.
No one has done more than he to make the method known in
England, and, as has been truly observed, no one has done so
much in any country to throw light on its intricacies."-Knight's
Eng. Cyc., Div. Biog., vol. i.
Observations on the Natural Family of Plants called Com-
positæ; Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. xii. An account of a new
genus of plants named Rafflesia; Trans. Linn. Soc., vol.
xiii. Brief Account of Microscopical Observations on the
Particles contained in the Pollen of Plants, and on the
general existence of Active Molecules in Organic and In-
organic Bodies, 1828, 8vo. Botanical Appendices to the
Voyages of Ross and Parry to the Arctic Regions, Tuckey's
Expedition to the Congo, and Oudney, Denham, and Clap-
perton's Explorations of Central Africa. Supplementum
Prodromus, 1830. Many of his writings are to be found
in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Reports
of the British Association, Horsfield's Plantæ Javanica
Rariores, &c. His works prior to 1834 were collected,
translated into German, and published in 5 vols. Svo, by
Nees von Essenbeck.
"Mr. Brown has been termed by Humboldt Botanicorum
facile princeps." An ed. of his complete works is much
needed, in which would be brought to light for the first
time his views in regard to the water-controversy, wherein
he favours the claims of Cavendish. See Lon. Athen.,
July 17, 1858.
Brown, Robert. Chloris Melvilliana, 1823, 4to.
Brown, S. Presby. Ch. Government, 1812, 12mo.
Brown, or Browne, Samuel. The Sum of Chris-
tian Religion by Way of Catechism, Lon., 1630, Svo.
Brown, Samuel. Horticult. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1698.
Brown, Samuel, 1768-1805, a native of Worcester,
Massachusetts, pub. a Dissertation on Bilious Malignant
Fever, 1797. A Dissertation on Yellow Fever, which re-
ceived the premium of the Humane Society, 1800, and a
Paper on Mercury in Med. Repos., vol. vi.
Brown, Samuel R., a volunteer in the war of 1812,
afterwards editor of The Patriot, printed at Cayuga, New
York, pub. A View of the Campaigns of the N. Western
Army, 1814. History of the War of 1812, 2 vols. West-
ern Gazetteer, or Emigrant's Directory, 1817.
Brown, Sarah. A Medical Letter to a Lady, 1777, Svo.
Brown, Simon. Discourses, 1722, 2 vols. 8vo.
Brown, Stafford, Perpetual Curate of Christ Church.
Truth on Both Sides; o Can the Believer Finally Fall?
Lon., 1848, 12mo.
“A useful book, with passages of considerable interest."-Bri-
Sish Magazine.
"A most interesting volume, replete with good things-well said,
forcible, and true."-Church and State Gazette.
Brown, T. Miscellanea Aulica, Lon., 1702, 8vo; A
Collection of State Treaties.
Brown, Thomas. Sermon, Oxf., 1634.
Brown, or Browne, Thomas, d. 1704, commonly
called Tom Brown of Facetious Memory, as Addison
styles him, was a native of Shropshire, and educated at
Christ Church, Oxford. He seems to have had an equal
taste for the acquisition of languages and the circulation
of indecencies. Among his works are three pieces relative
to Dryden, 1688, '89, '90. The Welch Levite tossed in a
Blanket, Lon., 1691, fol. Trans. from the French, Lon.,
1692, '93. The Salamanca Wedding, 1693. Short Epis-
tles out of Roman, Greek, and French authors, 1682, Svo.
Whole Works, Lon., 1707, '08, 3 vols. 8vo. Like most
scoffers, upon the approach of death he exhibited great
remorse: but what an insecure hope to sinners is a so-called
death-bed repentance!
Ja
· Brown was not a man deficient in literature, nor destitute of
fancy but he seems to have thought it the pinnacle of excellence
to be a 'merry fellow;' and therefore laid out his powers upon
small jests and gross buffoonery, so that his performances have
little intrinsic value, and were read only while they were recom
mended by the novelty of the event that occasioned them. What
sense or knowledge his works contain is disgraced by the garb in
which it is exhibited."-DR. JOHNSON: Life of Dryden.
!
Brown, Thomas, the Youngest. Intercepted Let-
ters in the Two Penny Post Bag, Lon., 1812, Svo; many
editions. Written by Thomas Moore.
Brown, Thomas, Fellow of St. John's College, Cam-
bridge. The Story of the Ordination of our first Bishops
in Q. Elizabeth's Reign at the Nag's Head Tavern in
Cheapside, thoroughly examined; and proved to be a late-
invented, inconsistent, self-contradicting, and absurd fable.
In Answer to Le Quien, and to remarks on Le Courayer,
Lon., 1731, Svo. An Answer to a Discourse by Bishop
Stillingfleet, the Unreasonableness of a New Separation,
&c., Lon., 1749, Svo.
Brown, Thomas. The Evangel. Hist. of Christ,
1777, 2 vols. Svo.
Brown, Thomas. Con. to Mem. Med., 1790.
Brown, Thomas, Surgeon. An Inquiry relative to
Vaccination, Edin., 1809, Svo. Correspondence on same
Subject, Lon., 1809. Con. to Med. Com., 1793, 95. An-
nals of Med., 1797. Phil. Trans., 1778.
Brown, Thomas. Agricult. of the County of Derby,
Lon., 1794, 4to.
In
Brown, Thomas, M.D., 1778-1820, one of the most
eminent of modern metaphysicians, was the son of the
Rev. Samuel Brown, Minister of Kirkmabreck, in the
stewartry of Kirkcudbright, Scotland. He was sent to
England to school at the age of seven, and returned to
Scotland when fourteen. At Edinburgh he applied him-
self to his studies with great diligence and success.
1796 he commenced the study of the law, but abandoned
it for medicine, in which he took a doctor's diploma in
1803. In 1806 he entered into copartnership with the
celebrated Dr. Gregory. Dugald Stewart, being indis-.
posed in the winter of 1808-09, engaged Dr. Brown to
read lectures for him in the Moral Philosophy Class.
Brown's success was most decided. He satisfied both
himself and his hearers that he had found his proper
sphere, and, acting upon this persuasion, in 1810 he re-
signed his practice, and accepted the appointment of col-
league to Dugald Stewart in the Chair of Moral Philosophy.
His first appearance as an author was in 1798, when he
pub. Observations on the Zoonomia of Erasmus Darwin.
M.D., Edin., 1798, Svo.
|
The perhaps unmatched work of a boy in the eighteenth year
of his age.”—SIR JAS. MACKINTOSH,
This was very favourably received by the public. and exhibited
astonishing prematurity of talents and attainments."
Poems, Edin., 1804, 2 vols. 12mo.
“A collection which exhibits unquestionable marks of fertility
of invention and refinement of taste."
A Criticism on Charges against Mr. Leslie, 1806, 8vo.
In 1814 he completed a poem with which he had employed
some intervals of leisure for several years. The Paradise
of Coquettes, (anon.) A reviewer of note declared this to be
"By far the best and most brilliant imitation of Pope that has
appeared since the time of that great writer; with all his point,
polish, and nicely-balanced versification, as well as his sarcasm
and witty malice.”
The War Fiend, 1816. The Wanderer in Norway; a
Poem, 1816, Svo. Agnes; a Poem, 1818, Svo. Emily and
other Poems, 2d edit., 1818, Svo. But Dr. Brown's great
work was Observations on the Nature and Tendency of
Mr. Howe's Doctrine concerning the Relation of Causo
and Effect, Edin., 1804, 8vo; 2d edit., 1806: 3d edit..
239
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}
greatly enlarged and improved, 1818. The merit of this
work is too well known to render any detailed account of
it necessary. See Welsh's life of Brown, Edin., 1825. Svo.
"His first tract on Causation appeared to me the finest model of
discussion in Mental Philosophy since Berkeley and Hume; with
this superiority over the latter, that its aim is that of a philosopher
who seeks to enlarge knowledge, not that of a skeptic, the most
illustrious of whom have no better end than that of displaying
their powers in confounding and darkening every truth; so that
their very happiest efforts cannot be more leniently described than
as brilliant fits of debauchery."-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: 2d re-
lim. Diss. in Encycl. Brit.
"Neither Bacon, nor Hobbes, nor Berkeley, nor Locke, possessed
powers of mind so splendid and so various. Brown is, beyond
comparison, the most eloquent of philosophic writers. So much
power and delicacy of intellect were never before united in au in-
dividual."-Tail's Magazine.
"This is a book of great power. Before Dr. Brown wrote. we
were confessedly all in the dark about causation. If ever there
was a system which deserved the appellation of intelligible. com-
pact, consistent, simple, this is the one."-N. American Feview.
After Dr. Brown's decease appeared his Lectures on the
Philosophy of the Human Mind, Edin., 1820, 4 vols. Svo;
reprinted by Welsh in 1828, 1 vol. 8vo, with an Index and
Memoir. Of this excellent work many editions have been
puh. in Great Britain and America.
An inestimable book."-DR. PARR.
“It would be unjust to censure severely the declamatory parts
of his Lectures; they are excusable in the first warmth of com-
position. They might even be justifiable allurements in attracting
young bearers to abstruse speculations. . . The prose of Dr. Brown
is brilliant to excess... It is darkened by excessive brightness;
it loses ease and liveliness by over-dress; and, in the midst of its
luxurious sweetness, we wish for the striking and homely illustra-
tions of Tucker, and for the pithy and sinewy sense of Paley."-
SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH.
"The style is so captivating, the views so comprehensive, the
arguments so acute, the whole thing so complete, that I was al-
most insensibly borne along upon the stream of his reasoning and
his eloquence. In the power of analysis he greatly transcends all
philosophers of the Scottish school who preceded him.”—Morell's
History of Modern Philosophy.
Brown, Thomas. Biblical Commentary on the Gos-
pels and Acts, adapted especially for Preachers and Stu-
dents, by Hermann Olshausen, D.D., Professor of Theology
in the University of Erlangen. Trans. by the Rev. Thomas
Brown, &c. In 4 vols. 8vo, forming vols. v., x., xvi. and
xix. of Clark's Foreign Theological Library.
"Olshausen's Commentaries are perhaps the most valuable con-
tribution to the interpretation of Scripture that have made their
way to us from Germany. Minute and accurate, yet comprehen-
sive and full, they are most helpful in guiding to the right under-
standing of Scripture. They are scholar-like in their execution,
sounder in their doctrinal views than most German expositions,
and elevated in their tone. There is often an air of poetic beauty
thrown over passages which attracts and rivets."-Quarterly Jour-
nal of Prophecy.
Other works of this distinguished divine are pub. in the
same series-T. & L. Clark's (Edinburgh) Foreign Theo-
logical Library.
From the highly evangelical tone which in general pervades
Olshausen's Commentaries, he may be regarded, in most cases, as
a safe guide to the student who is just entering on the critical
study of the New Testament.-Evangelical Mag.: notice of his
Commentary on the Romans. Trans. by clergymen of the Church of
England; vol. xiii. of Clark's For. Theol. Library.
His Commentary on the Epistles to the Galatians, Ephe-
sians, Colossians, and Thessalonians, trans. by a clergy-
man of the Church of England, forms vol. xxi. in Clark's
For. Theol. Library; and vol. xxiii. contains Commentary
on the Epistles to the Philippians, to Titus, and the first to
Timothy; in Continuation of the work of Olshausen.
Lic. August Wiesinger. Trans. by Rev. John Fulton.
"Olshausen is a patient and learned writer, and evinces con-
siderable moderation and reverence of tone."-English Eeview.
"Olshausen's mind is of the family of Augustine. His admi-
rable Commentary on the New Testament is of inestimable benefit
to the student, nay, to every thoughtful reader of the Bible."—
ARCHDEACON HARE.
Our readers will perceive that although our Home Regu-
lations forbid us to introduce foreigners as such into our
Domestic Republic of Letters, yet we take the liberty of
occasionally naturalizing a worthy stranger by smuggling
him under an English flag.
Brown, Captain Thomas. Popular Natural His
tory, or the Characteristics of Animals portrayed in a
series of illustrative Anecdotes, 1848, 3 vols. 12mo.
"An immerse fund of agreeable and useful reading, well fitted
to interest as well as to instruct youth."—Nottingham Journal,
Biographical Sketches and Authentic Anecdotes of Dogs,
r. 18mo.
"If any one wishes to entertain enlarged and enlightened opi-
nions regarding this noble class of animals, let him peruse these
Biographical Sketches, and Authentic Anecdotes. He will here
find. besides a mass of highly useful and delightful information
regarding the natural history and habits of every species of dog,
upwards of two hundred and twenty anecdotes, illustrative of
260
their dispositions, and ali of the most entertaining kind.”—Edin
burgh Literary Journal.
Book of Butterflies, Moths, and Sphinges, 3 vols. 18mo,
1834.
"This is a delightful work, with no fewer than 144 engravings,
coloured after nature; and, both by the style of its scientific de
scriptions, and its general arrangements, well calculated to con-
vey ideas at once correct and popular.”
Other works.
Brown, or Browne, William. Formule Bene
Placitandi, Lon., 1671, fol. Other legal text-books,
1678-1706.
Brown, William. Reports of Cases in Chancery
from 1778 to 1785, Lon., 1785, fol.
from 1778 to 1785, Lon., 1785, fol. Reports in Chancery
from 1778 to 1794; 1785-89, 4 vols. fol.; 5th edit., with
improvements by Robert Belt, Lon., 1820, 4 vols. r. 8vo.
First American, from the fifth London edition, by Hon.
J. C. Perkins, Boston, 1844, 4 vols. Svo.
..
From my knowledge of Mr. Perkins, as a well-read and exact
lawyer, eminently fitted for the work, I anticipated a rich contri-
bution to the stock of our Equity Jurisprudence. I have ex-
amined his Notes with some care, and find my expectations more
than realized."-SIMON GREENLEAF.
..
The cases referred to by Mr. Brown are generally considered
as too shortly taken; but that may be accounted for by the very
brief and concise manner in which Lord Thurlow generally pro-
nounced his decrees, seldom giving his reasons for his decisions.”
Brown, William, M.D. Med. Essays, Edin., 1794-
1812.
Brown, William. History of the Propagation of
Christianity among the Heathen since the Reformation,
1814, 2 vols. 8vo. Robert Millar pub. a similar work,
Edin., 1723, 2 vols. Svo, and Lon., 1831.
Brown, William, D.D., of Eskdale Muir. Antiqui-
ties of the Jews, compiled from authentic sources, and
their Customs illustrated from Modern Travels, with Plans
of the Temple, 1820, 2 vols. 8vo.
"The most elaborate system of Jewish Antiquities extant in the
English language."-IIORNE.
"This is decidedly the best compendium of Jewish Antiquities
that has yet appeared in the English language. It contains many
beautiful and just illustrations of Holy Scripture."-DR.E.WILLIAMS.
Remembrancer, June, 1820.
For a very favourable notice of this work, see Christiar
Brown, William, of Enfield. XL. Plain and Prac
tical Sermons, Westley, 1821-26, 2 vols. 8vo.
"The style in which these discourses are composed, will render
them particularly acceptable to families of respectability, while
their simplicity will make them intelligible to servants and per
sons of inferior education."-Congregational Magazine.
Brown, William Cullen, M. D. Institutions of
the Practice of Medicine; trans. from the Latin of Bur-
serius, Lon., 1800-03, 5 vols. 8vo. The Medical Works
of Dr. John Brown, with a biog. account of the author,
1804, 3 vols. 8vo, (q. v.) A View of the Navy, Army,
and Private Surgeon, 1814, 8vo.
Brown, William Hill, d. 1793, at Murfreesborough,
North Carolina, aged 27, wrote a tragedy founded on the
death of Andre, and a Comedy. His Ira and Isabella was
pub. in 1807.
Brown, or Browne, William Laurence, 1755-
1830, a native of Utrecht, became minister of the English
church there, 1778; removed to Scotland, 1795, appointed
Professor of Divinity at Aberdeen, and afterwards Prin-
cipal of Marischal College. An Essay on the Folly of
Skepticism, Lon., 1788, Svo. This work obtained the gold
medal of the Teylerian Society at Haarlem in 1786, and
was originally printed in the Memoirs of that Society.
An Essay on the Existence of a Supreme Creator, Aber-
deen, 1816, 2 vols. Svo. To this Essay was awarded Mr.
Burnet's first prize, £1250, at Aberdeen, August 4, 1815.
Prefixed is a memoir relating to the founder of the prizes.
The second prize was awarded to Dr. Sumner's Records
of Creation. Eighteen Sermons, Edin., 1803, 8vo.
"The style of these discourses is easy, flowing, and dignified;
it never sinks to meanness; it is never turgid; the author states
his sentiments with precision, and enforces them with animation.”
-Edin. Review.
Ca
This distinguished divine pub. several sermons sepa-
rately, and some other treatises.
Golden Lane Brewery
Brown, William R. H.
Case, 1812.
Brown is often confounded with Browne, the more
ancient spelling. In this matter the best authorities vary.
We have taken much pains to make a proper distribution.
Browne, Alexander. Works on Drawing, 1675, &c.
Browne, Andrew, a Scotch physician of the 17th
century, pub. The New Cure of Fevers, Edin., 1691,
8vo.
Bellum Medicinale, 1699, 8vo. Vindic. of Sydenham's
Method of curing continued Fevers, Lon., 1700, 8vo. Cold
Baths, 1707. Institutions of Physick, 1714, 8vo.
Browne, Arthur, d. 1773, aged 73, an Episcopul cler-
BRO
BRO
gyman at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, was a native of
Ireland, and a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin. He
pub. several sermons, 1738-57, and Remarks on Mayhew's
Reflections on the Church of England, 1763. His grand-
son, Arthur BROWNE, will claim our notice hereafter.
Browne, Arthur. A Short View of the first Princi-
ples of the Differential Calculus, Lon., 1825, 8vo. This is
a commentary on the first two or three chapters of the
Théorie des Fonctions.
Browne, Arthur, d. 1805, son of Marmaduke Browne,
rector of Trinity Church, Newport, Rhode Island, and
grandson of the Rev. ARTHUR BROWNE, (see ante,) in his
boyhood attended the school established by Dean (after-
wards Bishop) Berkeley at Newport. Arthur went to Ire-
land in 1771 or 1772, and during the remainder of his life
was connected with Trinity College, Dublin, as Professor
of Civil Law. He also represented the University in the
Irish House of Commons. As a professor, it has been de-
clared that he was the "idol of the students." A Brief
View of the Question whether the Articles of Limerick
have been violated? Dublin, 1788, 8vo.
|
"Great stress having been laid by the Roman Catholics of Ire-
land on the privileges secured to them by the articles of Limerick,
(of which they charge the penal laws they have lived under to have
been violations,) the author of this well-written tract enters into an
examination of these articles." Vide Lon. Month. Rev., 1778.
A Compendious View of the Civil Law, and of the Law
of the Admiralty; being the substance of a course of Lec-
tures read in the University of Dublin, Dubl., 1797-98,
2 vols. 8vo; 2d edit., 1802; repub. in New York, 1840,
2 vols. 8vo.
"The author has followed Blackstone's Commentaries in the
order of treating his subject. His work has been deservedly po-
pular, both on account of the learning, solidity, and accuracy of
its research, and because it is the best book in the language show-
ing the connexion between the Common and the Civil Law.
It is often cited, and always with respect."—Marvin's Legal Bibl.
See notice in Lon. Monthly Review for 1799. Miscel-
laneous Sketches, or Hints for Essays, 1798, 2 vols. 8vo.
The style of Montaigne seems to have been kept in view
in the composition of these Essays. Compendious View of
the Ecclesiastical Law of Ireland, &c.: to which is added,
A Sketch of the Practice of the Ecclesiastical Courts, 1803,
2 vols. 8vo.
"His great powers of mind he improved by incessant study,
and by intercourse with the most distinguished scholars and the
most able and virtuous statesmen of his day."
Browne, Charles. Two sermons, 1740, 4to.
Browne, Danl. Jay, born 1804, N. Hampshire, son
of a farmer. He devoted several years of his life to the
study and investigation of Agriculture, Natural History,
and resources of North and South America, W. Indies,
Europe, and Western Africa. Served ten years as civil
engineer on the public works of the U. S. and Prussia, and
subsequently had charge of the Agricultural Dept. of the
U. S. Patent-office. Sylva Americana. Trees of America.
Entomological Encyclopedia. Tables for computing Inte-
rest, Exchanges, and Annuities. Treatise on Maize. Ame-
rican Poultry Yard. American Bird Fancier. Muck Book.
Letters from the Canary Islands, &c. Editor of the Na-
turalist, and contrib. to various Agricultural Journals.
Browne, Edward. Legacies of Sir James Cambel,
Lon., 1642, sm. Svo.
Browne, Edward, M.D., 1644-170S, Physician to
Charles II., and President of the London College of Phy-
sicians, the eldest son of the celebrated Sir Thomas Browne,
was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and Merton
College, Oxford. Several of his papers will be found in
Phil. Trans., 1670, '74, '81, &c. He is best known by A
Brief Account of Travels in Hungary, Servia, &c., Lon.,
1673, 4to; 2d edit. (with additions) entitled Account of
Travels through a great part of Germany and the Low
Countries, &c., 1677. 4to; 3d edit. (with further additions)
entitled Travels in Hungary, Servia, &c., 1685, fol. Tra-
vels containing his Obs. on France and Italy, &c., 1763,
2 vols. 12mo. Trans. of a Discourse of the Original Coun-
trey, &c. of the Cossacks, Lon., 1672, 12mo. His travels
in Hungary, &c. have been highly commended by some
authorities, and but little esteemed by others.
"The author has showed himself excellently qualified for a tra-
veller by this ingenious piece, in which he has omitted nothing
worthy the observation of so curious a person, having spent much
of his time in the discovery of European rarities."-Introduc. to
vol. 1st of Churchill's Voyages; "either written by, or at least un-
der the direction of, the famous Mr. Locke.”—Bing. Brit.
Dr. Johnson states that he had heard Browne's book
highly commended by a learned traveller, who had visited
many places after him; upon which the doctor remarks,
.
But, whatever it may contribute to the instruction of a natu-
alist, I cannot recommend it as likely to give much pleasure to
ommon readers "—Life of Sir Thomas Braune.
Dr. Johnson expresses a regret, in which we can ail
sympathize, that Sir Thomas Browne has left us no ac-
count of his travels.
"A book extravagantly and absurdly praised in the Biographia
Britannica. His travels yield some information to naturalists, but
little to the philosophical or common reader."-Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
“Natural history, the mines, mineral waters. as well as manners
and customs, are described in this work, which bears a good cha-
racter."-STEVENSON: Voyages and Travels.
Dr. Browne, like his celebrated father, was distinguished
for scholarship:
"He was acquainted with Hebrew, was a critic in Greek, and no
man of his age wrote better Latin, German, Italian, French, &c.,
he spoke and wrote with as much ease as his mother tongue.
Physic was his business, and to the promotion thereof all his other
acquisitions were referred. King Charles said of him that 'he was
as learned as any of the college, and as well-bred as any at court.'”
Browne, Edward Harold, Norrisian Prof. of Di-
vinity, Univ. of Cambridge. Expos. of the 39 Articles,
Lon., 1850, 2 vols. 8vo; 4th ed., 1858, 8vo. Fulfilment of
the O. T. Prophecies relating to the Messiah, Camb., 1836,
8vo. This dissertation took the Norrisian Medal for 1835.
Browne, Felicia Dorothea. See HEMANS.
Browne, Francis, D.D., Canon of Windsor. Ser-
mon, Prov. xxix. 25, 1712, 4to; on 2 Cor. v. 10, 1724, 4to.
Browne, George, d. about 1560? consecrated Arch-
bishop of Dublin in 1535, was, according to Wood, origi-
nally "an Austin frier of the Convent of that order in
London, and educated in academicals among those of his
order in Oxon." He was the first bishop that embraced and
promoted the Reformation in Ireland. Historical Collec-
tions of the Church of Ireland, Lon., 1681, 4to. Reprinted
in vol. 1st of the Phenix, and in Harleian Miscellany, vol.
5th. See Strype's Memorials of Archbishop Cranmer.
Browne, Henry. Hand-Book of Hebrew Antiqui-
ties, Lon., 12mo. Ordo Sæculorum: Chronology of the
Scriptures. Oxford, Svo.
Browne, Hyde Mathis. The Apothecary's Vade
Mecum, &c., Lon., 1811, Svo.
Browne, Isaac Hawkins, 1705–1760, a native of
Burton-upon-Trent, Staffordshire, was educated at West-
minster school, and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He
settled at Lincoln's Inn about 1727, and applied himself
with great diligence to the study of the Law. Highmore,
the painter, was his particular friend, and he addressed to
him his poem on Design and Beauty.
..
In this, one of the longest of his poems, he shows an exten-
sive knowledge of the Platonic philosophy; and pursues. through
the whole, the idea of beauty advanced by that philosophy. By
design is here meant, in a large and extensive sense. that power
of genius which enables the real artist to collect together bis scat-
tered ideas, to range them in proper order, and to form a regular
plan before he attempts to exhibit any work in architecture, paint-
ing, or poetry."-Preface to his Poems. pub. in 1768.
The Pipe of Tobacco, also written whilst of Lincoln's
Inn, is an excellent imitation of Cibber, Ambrose Philips,
Thomson, Young, Pope, and Swift, who were then all
living.
"We need not say that the peculiar manner of these several
writers is admirably hit off by our author. and that he hath shewn
himself to have possessed an excellent imitative genius. Indeed,
nothing but a wide spirit of discrimination, and a happy talent
at various composition, could have enabled him to have succeeded
so well as he hath done in The Pipe of Tobacco.”—Ibid.
In 1754 he pub. his principal work, a Latin poem, enti
tled De Animi Immortalitate, in two books, 4to. This
poem excited great admiration.. In a few months trans-
lations into English were pub. by Dr. Richard Grey, Mr.
Hay, John Lettice, and others. A trans. (the best made)
by Soame Jenyns will be found in his Miscellanies, Lon.,
1770, Svo. Mr. Browne intended to have added a third
book, but did not complete his design.
“In these three books he purposed to carry natural religion as
far as it would go, and in so doing, to lay the true foundation of
Christianity, of which he was a firm believer. But he went no
farther than to leave a fragment of the third book, enough to
make us lament that he did not complete the whole. Not to
mention the usefulness and importance of the subject, every man
of taste must feel that the poem is admirable for its perspicuity.
precision, and order: and that it unites the philosophical learning
and eloquence of Cicero, with the numbers and much of the poe-
try of Lucretius and Virgil."-Biog. Brit.
"I am better pleased, when I consider the nature of the subject,
with that neatness and purity of diction which is spread over the
whole, than I should have been had more poetical ornaments been
bestowed upon it.”—DR. GREEN, Bishop of Lincoln.
"I need not enter into a detail to show how well you have fol-
lowed. not servilely imitated, Lucretius and Virgil; how perspi
cuously, as well as elegantly, you have handled some of the ab-
strusest arguments, &c."-Le'ter to Browne, from the celebrated
James Harris.
Dr. Beattie, in his Essay on the Utility of Classical
Learning, thus refers to our author:
Isaac Hawkins Browne, Esq.. author of several excellent
Poems, particularly one in Latin on the immortality of the soul;
**
261
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of which Mrs. Carter justly says, that it does honour to our coun-
try"
Barnard, Cambridge, Upton, and Hoadly, all celebrated
the praise of the successful poet. Browne's Latin and
English poems were pub. Lon., 1768, Svo; Essays on Me-
taphysics, Morals, and Religion, 1816, Svo. Browne was
elected to Parliament in 1744 and 1748. His success as
an orator may be judged of from the following extract
from-Boswell's Johnson:
<
"We talked of public speaking. JOHNSON: We must not esti-
mate a man's powers by his not being able to deliver his senti-
ments in public. Isaac Hawkins Browne, one of the first wits of
this country, got into Parliament, and never opened his mouth.”’
Yet the difference between the famous Parliamentary
orator, Gerard Hamilton, and the taciturn Isaac, was little
more than one speech!
Browne, J. Masonic Master Key through the three
degrees, 1803.
Browne, J. D. Views of Ascent and from Summit
of Mont Blanc, Lon., fol., £2 2».
Browne, J. H., Archdeacon of Ely. Inquiry into
the Character of Antichrist, 12mo.
Letters to Archd.
Wilkins on Body and Soul; 3d edit., 1824, 12mo. Charges
to the Archdeaconry of Ely, 1826-41.
"Those hitherto published have been very valuable."-BICKER-
STETH.
Browne, J. Ross. 1. Etchings of a Whaling Cruise.
With an Account of 2 Sojourn on the Island of Zanzibar.
With numerous Plates, 8vo, Lon. and N. York.
"Into the personal narrative with which the writer of this book,
who is an American, has chosen to favour the world, we shall not
enter. He gives a strange account of the circumstances which led
to his voyage and the antecedents of his life. Suffice it that his
book is a lively, clever, and readable one."—Lon. Morning Chron.
2. Crusade in the East; a Narrative of Personal Adven-
tures and Travels, N. York, 12mo.
*
Browne, James, b. about 1616, was entered of Oriel
College, Oxford, in 1634. Antichrist in Spirit; animad-
verted on by George Fox in his book. The Great Mystery
of the Great Whore Unfolded, Lon., 1659, fol. Scripture
Redemption freed from Men's Restrictions, Lon., 1673.
The Substance of several Conferences about the death of
our Redeemer, &c.,
**
In the title of which he says that he was now (1673) a preacher
of the faith which once he destroyed."-Athen. Ozon.
Wood refers to his erroneous opinions when a chaplain
in the parliament army, and gives us to understand that,
like most men unsettled in their views, he was in the habit
of troubling others of more stability:
"He took all occasions to disturb orthodox men with his dis-
putes. But after the return of Charles I. he changed his mind,
and became orthodox, and so continued, as I presume, to the time
of his death."-Athen. Oxon.
Browne, James. History of the Highlands and the
Highland Clans, Lòn., 1848, 4 vols. 8vo, and r. 8vo.
This complete and comprehensive work contains most inte
resting and authentic accounts of the aboriginal Highland Tribes,
the Pictish and Scoto-Irish Kings, early civilization, antiquities,
poetry, superstitions, language, music, domestic manners and
habits, dress, institution of chiefs, national characteristics, &c."
"No other work exists in which the subject of the Highlands
and Highland Clans is treated of in all its branches, or to which
reference may conveniently be made for information respecting
them in an agreeable, elegant, and accessible form. His late ma-
jesty was pleased to allow access. for the first time, to the STUART
PAPERS, for the use of the author in preparing this NATIONAL
WORK." See LOGAN, JAMES.
A Life of Petrarch in 7th edit. of Encyc. Brit.
"Evincing critical discrimination and learned research of the
highest order."-Metropolitan Conserratice Journal.
History of Newspapers; in 7th edit. Encyc. Brit.
"It contains the latest and fullest information we have met
with on this subject. and will be read with interest and profit by
all who have occasion to prosecute inquiries upon it."-Curlisle
(England) Journal.
Browne, John. The Marchants Avizo, Lon., 1589,
4to; reprinted, 1616, 4to.
"Not noticed by Ames or Herbert."-LOWNDES.
Browne, John. Ordinary Joint Rule, Lon., 1686.
Browne, John. History and Antiquities of York
Cathedral, Lon., 2 vols. r. 4to, £8·188. 6d.
Browne, John, of Crewkerne, Somerset, a boy of 12
years of age. Poetical Translations from various Authors.
Pub. by Mr. Ashe, Lon., 1788, 4to.
"We have observed. in several places, a freedom of translation
and an expansion of thought, rarely to be met with in so young
a writer, and which we should have ascribed to Mr. Ashe's touch-
ing up the MSS., had he not assured us (and we do not question
his veracity) that they are the genuine production of Master John
Browne, a youth but 12 years old!!!"—Lon. Monthly Review, 1788.
Browne, John, Rector of Beeby, Leicestershire.
The Divine Authority of the Christian Religion, eight ser-
nons preached 1730, 31, at Lady Moyer's Lecture, Lon.,
1732, 8vo. Other Sermons, 1721-35.
Browne, John. Universal Redemption, Lon., 1798.
Browne, John, late Fellow of C. C. C.. Osford,
Sermons on the Infancy of Human Nature, preached 1846,
at the Bampton Lecture, Oxf., 1809, 8vo.
"Through the several dispensations of God towards mankind,
harmony, order, and proportion will be found to have character
ized all the overations of his power."
Browne, John, Curate of Trinity Church, Chelten-
ham. 23 Sermons, Lon., 1836, 8vo.
Browne, John Samuel. Catalogue of English
Bishops from 1688 to the present time, Lon., 1812, 8vo.
Browne, Joseph, M.D. Lecture of Anatomy against
the Circulation of the Blood, Lon., 1698, 1701, 4to. The
Modern Practice of Physic Vindicated, 1703, '04, '05, 12mo.
Institutions of
Fundamentals in Physick, 1709, 12mo.
Physick, 1714, Svo. Practical Treatise on the Plague,
Antidotaria, or a Collection of Antidotes
1720, Svo.
against the Plague and other Malignant Diseases, 1721, 8vo.
Queen's College, Oxford, a native of Cumberland, pub. in
Browne, Joseph, D.D., 1700-1767, Provost of
1726 from the University press, a "most beautiful edition"
of Cardinal Barberini's Latin Poems, with notes and a life
of the author, (afterwards Pope Urban VIII.,) and a dedi-
cation to his friend Edward Hassel, Esq., of Dalemain.
Browne, M. C. A Leaf out of Burke's Book, 1796, Svo.
Browne, Maria J. B., a native of Northampton,
Massachusetts, has pub. several volumes for the young,-
Margaret McDonald, 1848; Laura Huntley, 1850, &c.--
and contributed a number of articles to periodicals. See
Hart's Female Prose Writers of America, 1855.
Browne, Mary Anne, 1812-1844, a native of Maiden-
head, Berkshire, England, published poetry which did her
great credit at the early age of 15. Her first work was
Mont Blanc; she afterwards gave to the world, Ada, Re-
pentance, The Coronal, Birthday Gift, Ignatia, a vol. of
sacred poetry, and many fugitive pieces in prose and
verse. In 1842 she was married to James Gray, a Scotch
gentleman, a nephew of Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd. She
died at Cork in 1844.
"Her style is modelled on the manner of the old bards; and
though her poetry never reaches the height she evidently sought
to attain, it is excellent for its pure taste and just sentiment;
while a few instances of bola imagination show vividly the ardour
of a fancy which prudence and delicacy always controlled."-
Mrs. Hale's Records of Women.
•
·
Browne, Mathias. Opinions of Philosophers con-
cerning Man's Chiefest Good, 1659, 8vo.
-
Browne, Patrick, b. about 1720-1790, a native of
The Civil and
Natural History of Jamaica, Lon., 1756, fol., and 1789,
Woodstock, county of Mayo, Ireland.
fol. This valuable work was reviewed in the Literary
Magazine by Dr. Samuel Johnson. A New Map of Ja-
maica, Lon., 1755, 2 sheets. By this map the doctor made
a profit of 400 guineas. A Catalogue of the Birds of Ire-
land; pub. in Exshaw's Mag., June, 1774; and in the
August number was pub. a Catalogue of the Fish of Ire-
land. The doctor visited Jamaica, Antigua, and other
islands, for the purpose of "collecting and preserving
specimens of the plants, birds, shells, &c. of those luxu-
riant soils, with a view to the improvement of natural
history."
Browne, Peter, d. 1735, a native of Ireland, was at
first Provost of Trinity College, Dublin, and afterwards
Bishop of Cork. A Letter in Answer to Toland's Chris-
tianity not Mysterious, Lon., 1697, 8vo. The Progress,
Extent, and Limits of the Human Understanding, Lon.,
1728, 8vo. Of Drinking in Remembrance of the Dead,
Lon., 1715, Svo. Of this custom the bishop highly disap-
proved. Discourse of Drinking Healths, Lon., 1716.
Things Divine and Supernatural, &c., Lon., 1733, Svo.
Sermons, 1749, 2 vols. Svo.
“Levelled principally against the Socinians; written in a maniy
and easy style, and much admired."
Browne, Peter Arrell, LL.D., b. 1782, at Phila
delphia. 1. Reports of Cases in the Court of Common
Pleas of the First Judicial District of Pennsylvania, Phila.
1911, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Trichologia Mammalium; or, A
Treatise on the Organization and Uses of Hairs and Wool,
| 1853. 3. Notices and Anecdotes of the Bench and Bar of
Penna. from 1609, MS.
Browne, Philip, Vicar of Halsted, Essex. Sermons,
1682, '84, 4to.
Browne, Rev. R. W., Professor of Classical Litera-
ture in King's College, London. History of Greek and
Roman Classical Literature, Lon., 1851-53, 2 vols. 8vo.
History of Greece, 18mo; of Rome, 18mo; pub. in Gleig's
School Series. History of Rome to the Death of Domitian,
p. 8vo. Soc. P. C. K. Classical Examination Papers, King's
College, 8vo.
"Mr. Browne's History of Greek Classical Literature is in advance
262
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of every thing we have, and it may be considered indispensable to
the classical scholar and student."-PROF. J. A. SPENCER. N. York.
Professors Griffin of Williams College, Hyde of Burling-
ton College, and Harrison of the University of Virginia,
also highly commend this work.
Browne, Robeft. Treatises on Longitude, &c, 1714, 36.
Browne, Robert. System of Theology, revealed from
God by the Angels, in the British language, Lon., 1728, 8vo.
Browne, Robert. Peach and Nectarine Trees, 1787.
Browne, Rowland J. A Practical Treatise on Ac-
tions at Law, Lon., 1843, 8vo.
"A full, accurate, and useful treatise."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Browne, Sam. Collection of Merry Jokes, with the
curious story of the unfortunate French Pastry-Cook, 8vo.
Browne, Sara H., a native of Sunderland, Massa-
chusetts, is known as the authoress of My Early Friends,
1847. Recollections of My Sabbath-School Teachers, 1850,
&c. She has also contributed to the periodicals. See Hart's
Female Prose Writers of America, 1855.
Browne, Simon, 1680-1732, a Dissenting minister of
great learning, was a native of Shepton Mallet, Somerset-
shire. In 1716 he accepted a call to the pastoral charge
of the congregation of Dissenters in Old Jewry, London.
Here he was eagerly listened to by crowded congregations
until 1723, when, from grief at the loss of his wife and only
son, he became deranged on a particular subject, though
mentally undisturbed on other matters. He was firmly
persuaded that the Supreme Being had
"Annihilated in him the thinking substance, and utterly di
vested him of consciousness: that though he retained the human
shape, and the faculty of speaking, in a manner that appeared to
others rational, he had all the while no more notion of what he
said than a parrot."
He continued under this delusion for the rest of his life.
He gave up his clerical charge, and refused to join in any
act of worship, either public or private. Yet while in this
sad condition, he wrote his celebrated answer to Woolston's
Discourse on the Miracles of our Saviour, and his strictures
upon Tindal's Christianity as old as the Creation. If he was
If he was
crazy, he was at least more than equal to two infidels; and so
Woolston and Tindal found to their cost. He also evinced his
mental vigour by the compilation of Greek and Latin Dic-
tionaries; though, indeed, he does not seem to have consi-
dered this any evidence of intellectual ability: he replied to
a friend who called in, and asked him what he was doing,
"I am doing nothing that requires a reasonable soui; 1 am
making a Dictionary; but you know thanks should be returned ic
God for every thing, and therefore for DICTIONARY-MAKERS."
We hope that our rather impolitic disinterestcaners in
introducing this anecdote into our Lexicon will be duly
appreciated.
Browne pub. in 1706 A Caveat against Evil Company;
this was a short treatise. The True Character of the Real
Christian, 1709, 8vo. Hymns and Spiritual Songs, 1720,
12mo. Sermons, 1722. A Disquisition on the Trinity,
1732, 8vo. A Fit Rebuke to a Ludicrous Infidel; in some
Remarks on Mr. Woolston's Fifth Discourse on the Miracles
of our Saviour, 1732, Svo, with a Preface concerning the
prosecution of such writers by the Civil Power.
"In this answer Browne displays great ability. The preface is
considered a noble apology for liberty of conscience and of the
press, and a severe condemnation of civil prosecutions for matters
of opinion."-Lowndes.
Defence of the Religion of Nature, and the Christian
Revelation; against the defective account of the one, and
the exceptions against the other, in a book entitled Chris-
tianity as old as the Creation, Lon., 1732, Svo; against
Tindal. The Close of the Defence, &c., 1733, Svo. Mr.
B. also contributed to a periodical entitled The Occasional
Paper; collected in 3 vols. 8vo.
"He was a man of very considerable learning, of distinguished
virtue, of the most fervent piety, and was animated by an ardent
zeal for the interests of rational and practical religion. His abili-
ties made him respected, and his virtues rendered him beloved:
but such was the peculiarity of his case, that he lived a melancholy
instance of the weakness of human nature."
of Salmasius. The Royal Charter granted unto Kings ny
God Himself, Lon., 1649, 8vo. Dissertatio de Therapeutis
Philonis adversus Henricum Valesiam, Lon., 1687, 8vo;
subjoined to Colomesius's edit. of St. Clement's Epistles.
Sermon on Rom. x. 15, 1688, 4to. Latin Sermon on Rom.
x. 15, 1688, 4to.
Wood refers to a sermon of our author's, which produced
great excitement. It was one preached before the Univer-
sity in St. Mary's, Dec. 24, 1633;
"Which sermon being esteemed a blasphemous piece by the pu-
ritanical party of the said parish, they complained of it to the said
archbishop, [Laud,] who instead of having him punished, was
made (say they) canon of Windsor; and afterwards, when the said
archbishop's writings were seized on at Lambeth, the sermon was
found lying on his table: but this I presume was never printed.”—
Aihen. Orim.
Browne, Thomas. The Times; a Satyr, Lon., 1783,4tv.
Browne, Thomas. Classical Dictionary, Lon., 1797,
12mo. Viridarium Poeticum, 1799, 8vo. The British Ci-
cero, 1803, 3 vols. 8vo. Pinacotheco classica, 1811, 12mo.
Browne, Captain Thomas Gunter. Hermes Un-
masked, 1795, 8vo. Letters 3d and 4th, containing the
Mysteries of Metaphysics, &c., 1796, 8vo.
Browne, Sir Thomas, M.D., 1605-1682, one of the
most distinguished of English writers, was a native of Lon-
don. His father, a highly respectable merchant, died during
his nonage, and his mother was married again to Sir Thomas
Dutton. His education was commenced at Winchester,
from whence, in 1623, he was sent to Pembroke College,
Oxford, where he was entered a gentleman commoner. He
took the degree of M.A., studied medicine, and commenced
practice in Oxfordshire. shortly afterwards he visited the
Continent, studied at Padua, and was created Doctor of
Physic in the University of Leyden. He returned to Eng-
land about 1633, and between this and 1635 is supposed to
have written his Religio Medici. In 1636 he settled at
Norwich, and in 1637 he was created Doctor of Physic in
the University of Oxford. Four years later he was united
in marriage to a lady of the name of Mileham, of a Nor-
folk family. The wits considered his desertion of a bachelor
life, after his curious proposition in the Religio Medici, to
afford a fair handle against him. But Browne let them
laugh to their content, satisfied with his domestic happiness.
The amiable pair were united for the long term of one-and-
forty years, and saw ten children growing up around them.
He was chosen an Honorary Fellow of the Royal College
of Physicians in 1664, and in 1671 received the honour of
Before his death he made
knighthood from Charles II.
donations for the benefit of Trinity College, Cambridge,
and Christ Church, Oxford. now come to speak of
those works which have placed him in the first rank of
English authors.
English authors. The Religio Medici,—The Religion of
states, for publication. A MS. copy floated about for some
a Physician, his first work, was not designed, the author
time from hand to hand, until it found its way to the
press, without the author's knowledge, in 1642, in which
An edition
year two editions were pub. (Lon., Svo.)
was put forth by the author in 1643, and by 1685 it had
passed through no less than eight editions. The corre-
spondence between Sir Kenelm Digby and the author, rela-
tive to the annotations of the former, need only be alluded
to here. A detailed account will be found in the Biog.
Brit., and some sensible observations on the subject in
Johnson's Life of Sir Thomas Browne, and in Mr. Simon
Wilkins's Preface in H. G. Bohn's excellent edition, 1852,
3 vols. Mr. Merryweather of Cambridge introduced Re-
ligio Medici to the learned of other lands, by a Latin ver-
sion, which was pub. in Holland in 1644, and the same
year in Paris, and in Strasburg in 1652, with copious notes
by Moltkenius. The notes of Sir Kenelm Digby will be
found in the English edition of 1643, and those in the
editions from 1644 are by Thomas Keck of the Templo.
From Merryweather's version it was trans. into Italian,
German, Dutch, and French.
Browne, Stephen. Laws of Ingrossing, &c., 1765, Svo.
Browne, Theophilus. Harvest Sermon, 1708, 4to.
Browne, Theophilus. Select Parts of Scripture, 1805.
Browne, Thomas, D.D., 1604–1673, a native of Mid-
dlesex, elected student of Christ Church, 1620; domestic
chaplain to Archbishop Laud, 1637; Canon of Windsor,
1639; and Rector of Oddington, Oxfordshire. Camden's
Tomus alter et idem; or, The History of the Life and Death
"The book entitled Religio Medici is in high credit here. The
of Queen Elizabeth, trans. into English, Lon., 1629, 4to. author has wit; there are abundance of fine things in that book;
To the original (Camden's Annals, vol. ii., 1589-1602) the he is a humorist, whose thoughts are very agreeable, but who, in
translator has added corrections, animadversions, &c. A
my opinion, is to seek for a master in religion-as many others
Key to the King's Cabinet, Oxf., 1645, fol. De Posthumo
are and, in the end, perhaps, may find none. One may say of
Grotii, Hague, 1646, Svo; pub. under the name of Simpli-hermit of Calabria, Francis de Paula, he is still alive, and may
him, as Philip de Comines did of the founder of the Minimes,
cius Virinus: it was a defence of Grotius against an epistle grow worse as well as better.""
Co The Religio Medici was no sooner published, than it excited the
attention of the public by the novelty of paradoxes, the dignity
of sentiment, the quick succession of images, the multitude of ab-
language."-DR. SAML. JOHNSON.
struse allusions, the subtility of disquisition, and the strength of
The famous Guy Patin, in a letter from Paris, April 7,
1645, alludes to the sensation which its publication excited
in that polished capital:
263
BRO
BRO
It is certainly calculated to induce caution in an author
when he remembers that, for a few careless remarks, a sin-
cere Christian, like Browne, has had attributed to him a
character which he would have considered a lasting dis-
grace-that of an unbeliever in Christianity. Salmasius,
Buddæus, Tobias Wagner, Müller, and Reiser, consider
him as doubtful, an infidel, or even atheistic, as their views
vary, whilst Reimmannus and Heister warmly vindicate
his orthodoxy. This grave charge of unbelief, or even of
skepticism, is altogether unjustifiable. The disreputable
ranks of the enemies of truth are ever on the watch to
stamp their brand of infamy on the brow of those whose
reputation they hope will strengthen their wretched cause.
As Johnson well remarks,
"In proportion as they doubt the truth of their own doctrines,
they are desirous to gain the attestation of another understanding:
and industriously labour to win a proselyte, and eagerly catch at
the slightest pretence to dignify their sect with a celebrated name."
Johnson sums up the case as respects Sir Thomas in his
own masterly style:
"The opinions of every man must be learned from himself:
concerning his practice, it is safest to trust the evidence of others.
When these testimonies concur, no higher degree of historical cer-
tainty can be obtained; and they apparently concur to prove, that
Browne was a zealous adherent to the faith of Christ, that he lived
in obedience to his laws, and died in confidence of his mercy."
In 1646 Browne pub. his Pseudodoxia Epidemica, or
Enquiries into very many received Tenets, and commonly
presumed Truths, (sm. folio;) 2d edit., enlarged and cor-
rected, 1650, fol.; again in 1659, fol.; and in 1669, '72,
4to; 6th edit., with improvements, 1673; in French, Paris,
1733, 2 vols. 12mo. This was received with great favour,
although it was criticized by Alexander Ross, (who as
Medicus Medicatus had attacked Religio Medici,) as Arcana
Microcosmi, and by Robinson in his Eudoxa, or a Calm
Ventilation, &c.
"It is indeed to be wished, that he had longer delayed the pub-
lication, and added what the remaining part of his life might have
furnished: the thirty-six years which he spent afterwards in study
and experience, would doubtless have made large additions to an
Inquiry into Vulgar Errors.”—Johnson's Life of Sir T. B.
"Browne's Inquiry into Vulgar Errors displays a great deal of
erudition, but scarcely raises a high notion of Browne himself as
a philosopher, or of the state of physical knowledge in England.
The errors he indicates are such as none but illiterate persons, we
should think, were likely to hold, and I believe that few on the
continent so late as 1646, would have required to have them ex-
ploded with such an ostentation of proof. Who did not know that
the phoenix is a fable?”—Hullam's Introduc. to Lit. Hist.
But some other learned authorities estimate this work
very differently:
"No modern author has treated this subject more accurately or
copiously. In his first book he learnedly inquires into the general
causes of error; and in his succeeding books he not only discourses
of the mistakes which are crept into natural philosophy, but such
also as have corrupted history, theology, mechanic arts, and phy-
sick."-MORHOг.
"As he excelled in theoretical and practical divinity, so he shone
no less in philosophy, wherein he emulated Hercules; and under-
taking by his Pseud. Ep. to clear the sciences from error, he fell
nothing short of the other's labour in cleansing the Augean stable.”
-REIMMAN.
"It is an excellent work, and contains abundance of curious
things."-NICERON.
See Supplet. Memoir by Simon Wilkins, prefixed to H.
. Bohn's edit., 1852, 3 vols.
In 1658 appeared his Hydriotaphia, Urne-Burial, or a
Discourse of the Sepulchral Urnes lately found in Norfolk.
"From the trivial incident of the discovery of a few urns at
Walsingham, he undertakes to treat of the funeral rites of all na-
tions, and has endeavoured to trace these rites to the principles
and feelings which gave rise to them. The extent of reading dis-
played in this single treatise is most astonishing, and the whole is
Irradiated with the flashes of a bright and highly poetical genius,
though we are not sure that any regular plan can be discovered in
the work."-Cunningham's Biog. Hist., q. v.
"There is perhaps none of his works which better exemplify his
reading or memory. It is scarcely to be imagined how many par-
ticulars he has amassed together in a treatise which seems to have
been occasionally written; and for which, therefore, no materials
could have been previously collected.”—Johnson's Life of T. B.
To this work was added the Garden of Cyrus, or the
Quincunxial Lozenge, or Net Work Plantation of the An-
cients, artificially, naturally, mystically, considered. In
this work the author searches diligently for any thing ap-
proaching to the form of a quincunx, and his ingenuity
discovers, Coleridge says,
"Quincunxes in heaven above, quincunxes in earth below, quin-
cunxes in the mind of man. quincunxes in tones, in optic nerves,
in roots of trees, in leaves, in every thing."
In lieu of a very learned definition of a quincunx, let
the reader accept the following as a pictorial representa-
sion thereof:
Johnson wittily remarks upon Browne's ingenuity in dis
covering Quincunxes, that
"A reader, not watchful against the power of his infusions,
would imagine that decussation was the great business of the
world, and that nature and art had no other purpose than to ex-
emplify and imitate a quincunx.”
Sir Thomas left a number of treatises, a collection of
which was published after his death, by Doctor, afterwards
Archbishop, Tenison, (Lo., 1684, 8vo,) and another by
John Hase. Christian Morals was pub. by Dr. Jeffrey in
1716. A notice of these learned
A notice of these learned pieces will be found in
Johnson's Life of Browne. It has been remarked that
66
Certainly never any thing fell from his pen which did not de-
serve to see the light. His very letters were dissertations, and
full of singular learning, though written upon the most common
subjects."
His collected works were pub. in 1686, fol. In 1836
Simon Wilkin, F.L.S., Esq., favoured the world with an
edition in 4 vols. 8vo, which has been recently (in 1852)
pub. in 3 vols. Svo, in Henry G. Bohn's excellent Antiqua-
rian Library, which, with his other valuable libraries of
standard works, we commend to the reader's attention. In
Mr. Wilkin's edition of Browne's works will be found, be-
sides other important matter, much bibliographical in-
formation respecting the early impressions of Browne's
different treatises. Every one who desires to enjoy the
evidences of a massive grandeur which he little expected
to find in an English author, should hasten to the perusal
of the verba ardentia-the pondera verborum-of Browne,
as to a noble intellectual repast. We think that too much
stress has been laid upon Johnson's alleged imitations of
the style of the learned physician. The lexicographer
was more indebted to Browne than was the essayist. John-
son certainly learned something from Browne, but perhaps
he profited as much by Chambers, and more by Sir Williain
Temple. In depth and suggestiveness Browne as much
excels Johnson, as the latter excels the former in fluency
and grace of modulation. Who ever had to read a sen-
tence of Johnson's twice before he could comprehend it?
Who ever read a page of Browne's without a reinspection
of several passages, which had perplexed more than they
had gratified? Yet such intellectual exercise is most
healthful, and promotes a mental robustness and vigour
which amply repay the cost at which they are acquired.
We
commend to the attention of our readers the following vo-
lume:-Religio Medici: Its Sequel, Christian Morals. By
Sir Thomas Browne, Kt., M.D. With resemblant Passages
from Cowper's Task; and a Verbal Index, post Svo.
"The public in general, and all readers of pure taste and virtu-
ous feelings in particular, are deeply indebted to the editor for
publishing, for the first time, Sir T. Browne's admirable Religio
Medici and its sequel, Christian Morals, together in one volume;
and also for his careful correction of the text in both. The index
is rich in good old English words; but the great attraction is the
quotation of corresponding passages from Cowper's Task, which
shew how fully imbued the poet was with the elder author."-Lom.
| Literary Gazette.
We conclude with some opinions upon the works of this
ornament of knighthood and medicine,-than whom a
greater has not adorned the learning of the one, nor dig-
nified the chivalry of the other.
.
Sir Thomas Browne, by his intense earnestness and vivid so-
lemnity, seems ready to endow the grave itself with life. He does
not linger in the valley of the shadow of death, but enters within
the portals where the regal destroyer keeps his awful state; and
yet there is nothing thin, airy, or unsubstantial-nothing ghostly
or shocking in his works. He unveils, with a reverent touch, the
material treasures of the sepulchre: he describes these with the
learning of an antiquary; moralizes on them with the wisdom of a
philosopher; broods over them with the tenderness of an enthu
siast; and associates with them sweet congenial images, with the
fancy of a poet. He is the laureat of the king of terrors; and most
nobly does he celebrate the earthly magnificence of his kingdom.
He discovers consolations not only in the hopes of immortality,
but in the dusty and sad ornaments of the tomb. Never surely
by any other writer was sentiment thus put into dry bones."—Lon.
Retrospective Keview. 1820, vol. i. 89.
"I wonder and admire his entireness in every subject that is
before him. He follows it, he never wanders from it, and he bas
metamorphoses all nature into it. In the treatise on some urns
no occasion to wander; for whatever happens to be the subject, he
dug up in Norfolk, how earthy, how redolent of graves and sepul-
chres is every line! You have now dark mould, now thigh-bone,
now a skull, then a bit of mouldered coffin, a fragment of an old
•
tombstone with moss in its Ilic Jacet,' a ghost, or a winding-sheet,
or the echo of a funeral psalm wafted on a November wind; and
the gayest thing you shall meet with shall be a silver nail or a gilt
Anno Domini," from a perished coffin-top."-CHARLES LAMB.
"It is not on the praises of others, but on his own writings, that
he is to depend for the esteem of posterity; of which he will not
easily be deprived while learning shall have any reverence among
men; for there is no science in which he does not discover some
skill; and scarce any kind of knowledge, profane or sacred. ab-
struse or elegant, which he does not appear to have cultivated with
success."-DR. SAML. JOHNSON.
"A superior genius was exhibited in Sir Thomas Browne. liid
*
BOA
BRO
BRO
hind was fertile and ingenious; his analogies original and bril-
liant; and his learning so much out of the beaten path, that it
gives a peculiar and uncommon air to all his writings.”—ÍLALLAM,
"Such was his sagacity and knowledge of all history, ancient
and modern, and his observations thereupon so singular. that it
hath been said by them that knew him best. that if his profession,
and place of abode, would have suited his ability, he would have
made an extraordinary man for the privy council, not much in-
ferior to the famous Padre Paulo, the late oracle of the Venetian
state."-WHITEFOOT.
i
With regard to the question, before referred to, as to the
religious opinions of Sir Thomas, it is to be observed that
ull doubt upon that point should be settled by the testi-
mony of Whitefoot, his intimate friend for forty-one years:
"IIe fully assented to the Church of England, preferring it be
fore any in the world, as did the learned Grotius. He attended
the publick service very constantly, when he was not withheld by
his practice. Never missed the sacrament in his parish, if he
were in town. I visited him near his end, when he had not
strength to hear or speak much; the last words which I heard
from him were, besides some expressions of dearness, that he did
freely submit to the will of God, being without fear."
.. •
We doubt not that, in that solemn hour which converts
even thoughtlessness into solemnity, this wise and learned
physician, who had been all his lifetime subject to the
fear, guided by the counsel, and animated by the love, of
that great Being who trieth the heart of the children of
men, and understandeth all their ways, we doubt not, in
that solemn hour, he could look beyond the "narrow
house appointed for all living"-the furniture of which no
other pencil hath so magnificently described-to the "suf-
ficiency of Christian immortality," to the resurrection of
the just. Was the English tongue ever put to a grander
use than in that noble "conclusion of the whole matter,'
with which he sums up what we may call the requiem of
the King of Terrors himself?—
·
"
But the sufficiency of Christian immortality frustrates all
earthly glory, and the quality of either state after death makes a
folly of posthumous memory. God. who can only destroy our
souls, and hath assured our resurrection, either of our bodies or
names hath directly promised no duration. Wherein there is so
much of chance, that the boldest expectants have found an un-
happy frustration; and to hold long subsistence seems but a scape
in oblivion. But man is a noble animal, splendid in ashes, and
pompous in the grave, solemnizing nativities and death with
equal lustre, nor omitting ceremonies of bravery in the infamy of
his nature."-Hydriotaphia, Book v.
It had been melancholy indeed, if that far-reaching and
comprehensive mind, which knew so much of the works
of God, had never attained to the knowledge of their Crea-
tor: if that brilliant intellect, which had shed so bright
a light for the instruction and edification of others, had
itself, at last, gone "out in obscure darkness!"
Browne, W., Vicar of Wing. Sermon, 1716, 8vo.
Browne, William. His Fiftie Years' Practice: or
an Exact Discourse concerning Snaffle Riding, for Trot-
ting and Ambling, Lon., 1624, 4to.
Browne, William, b. 1590, at Tavistock, in Devon-
shire, became a student of Exeter College, Oxford, about
the beginning of the reign of James I. Britannia's Pas-
toralls, two books, part 1, 1613; part 2, 1616; Lon. fol.:
both parts, 1625, 8vo. The Shepherd's Pipe, Lon., 1614,
1620, 8vo. His Works, containing the above two, the
Inner Temple Masque, and other Poems, edited by the
Rev. W. Thompson, Lon., 1772, 3 vols. sm. Svo.
Browne's poetry was greatly admired in its day, but
soon fell into neglect. The author of the advertisement
prefixed to his works laments that
“He who was admired and beloved by all the best writers of his
time; who was esteemed and recommended highly by the critical
Johnson and the learned Selden, was, in a few years after his
dcath, almost forgotten."
The fourth Eclogue of The Shepherd's Pipe, in which
he laments the death of his friend Thomas Manwood, has
been greatly commended. The writer just quoted remarks,
I dare not say, that it is equal to the celebrated Lycidas of
Milton, but surely it is not much inferior. That genius has not
disdained to imitate William Browne; and Lycidas owes its origin
to Philarete."
"It will appear even to our most infallible critics, that though
Mr. Browne wrote au hundred and eleven years ago, his language
is as nervous, his numbers as harmonious, his descriptions as
natural, his panegyrics as soft, and his satire as pointed, as any
that are to be found in the whip syllabub poetasters of the present
century."-Memoirs of the Life of William Pattison. pub. in 1728.8vo.
“His imagination was fertile, and his mind vigorous; but his
judgment was corrupted by those Italian models which the fashion
of his day taught him to imitate. His descriptions, though pic-
turesque, have an air of extravagance; his conceptions, though
strong. have marks of deformity: and his language never flows in
a strain of continued purity. He could not plan with precision
and delicacy, and was unable to join correctness with spirit."
Lon. Monthly Review, 1772.
4
Anthony Wood remarks that
"As he had honoured his country with his elegant and sweet
pastorals, so was he expected, and also entreated, a little farther
to grace it, by drawing out the line of his poetic ancestors, begin-
ning in Joseph Iscanius, [Joseph of Exeter, 13th century,] and
ending in himself”—Athen. Oxim.
Wood says that much of a work of this kind had been
prepared by Browne, and Oldys intimates the same thing,
and pronounces him to have been most capable of so im-
portant an undertaking:
"He was reported a man not only the best versed in the works
and beauties of the English poets, but also in the history of their
lives and characters."-Oldy's MSS.
the reader is referred for further particulars.
We take the above notices from the Biog. Brit., to which
"It appears to us, that sufficient justice has not, since the era
of Milton, been paid to his talents; for, though it be true, as Mr.
Headley bas observed, that puerilities, forced allusions, and con-
ceits, have frequently debased his materials, yet are these amply
atoned for by some of the highest excellencies of his art; by an
imagination ardent and fertile. and sometimes sublime; by a vivid
personification of passion; by a minute and truly faithful delinea-
tion of rural scenery; by a peculiar vein of tenderness which runs
through the whole of his pastorals. and by a versification uncon-
monly varied and melodious. With these are combined a species
of romantic extravagance which sometimes heightens, but more
frequently degrades the effect of his pictures. Had he exhibited
greater judgment in the selection of his imagery, and greater sim-
plicity in his style, his claim on posterity had been valid. had been
general and undisputed."-Drake's Shakspeare and his Times.
Sir Egerton Brydges pub. some poems of Browne, not
before printed.. We regret that we have not space for the
eloquent eulogy of Browne by Thomas Miller, a delightful
writer of our own day, still living. We must extract a
line or two:
“He carries with him the true aroma of old forests: his lines
are mottled with mosses, and there is a gnarled ruggedness upon
the stems of his trees. His waters have a wet look and splashing
sound about them, and you feel the fresh air play around you
while you read. His birds are the free denizens of the fields, and
they send their songs so life-like through the covert, that their
music rings upon the ear, and you are carried away with his
'sweet pipings."
Browne commemorates in ardent strains the poetical
powers of his friend George Wither:
DAVIS and WITHER, by whose Muse's power,
A natural day to me seems but an hour;
And could I ever hear their learned lays,
Ages would turn to artificial days.”
From Britannia's Pastorals.
Wither returns the compliment in as complimentary a
style:
"Roget here on Willy calls
To sing out his Pastoralls:
Warrants Fame shall grace his rhymes,
From Abuses
1613, Sto.
Again,
Spite of Envy and the Times."
Stript and Whipt: or, Satyrical Essays, Lon,
"I feel an envious touch,
And tell thee, swain, that at thy fame I grutch;
Wishing the art that makes this poem shine,
And this thy work (wert thou not wronged) mine."
Rare Ben Jonson admired Browne greatly:
"I would
More of our writers would, like thee, not swell
With the how much they set forth, but the how well."
A poet who can elicit the warm encomiums of such men
as Selden, Jonson, Drayton, Wither, Davies, and many
others, distinguished for learning or knowledge of the
poet's art and those men his contemporaries-must needs
have rare merit. To few authors has it chanced to be so
enthusiastically lauded by one age and so thoroughly neg-
lected by the next. Of poems which were devoured with
rapture, and praised with warmth, a third edition was not
demanded for a century and a half.
Browne, Sir William, M.D., 1692-1774, a native
1707, where he took the degrees, B.A., 1710; M.A., 1714;
of Norfolk, was entered of Peter-house, Cambridge, in
M.D., 1721. He was a frequent publisher of small pieces,
principally classical, and always with as thorough an in-
fusion of Latin and Greek as they would possibly bear, for
Sir William was as fond of the "manner of the ancients"
as was his professional brother in Peregrine Pickle. We
notice a few of his publications: Dr. Gregory's Elements
of
of Catoptrics and Dioptrics, translated from the Latin
Original, &c., Lon., 1715, Svo. The Pill Plot, 1734, 4to.
Opuscula Varia, 1765, 4to. A Vindic. of the College of
Physicians, 1753. Odes in imitation of Horace, addressed
to Sir Robert Walpole and the Duke of Montagu, 1765.
A Farewell Oration at the College of Physicians, 1768, 4to:
this contains many curious particulars of Sir William's life.
Fragmenta Isaaci Hawkins Browne, &c., 1768, 4to. Three
Odes, 1771, 4to. A Proposal on our Coin, 1774, 4to. A
New Year's Gift, 1772, 4to. Speech to the Royal Society,
1772, 4to. Elegy and Address, 1773, 4to. A Latin Ver-
sion of Job, unfinished, 4to.
Sir William was a most curious character, and the reade
265
BRO
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will find an interesting account of him in Nichols's Lite-
rary Anecdotes, and Chalmers's Biog. Dict. Bishop War-
burton gives an amusing account (in a letter to Bishop
Hurd) of a visit with which he was honoured by Sir
William:
•
"When I canie down into the drawing-room, I was accosted by
a little, round, well-fed gentleman, with a large muff in one hand,
a small Horace, open, in the other, and a spying-glass dangling in
■ black ribbon at his button. We then took our chairs; and
the first thing he did or said, was to propose a doubt to me con-
cerning a passage in Horace, which all this time he had still open
In his hand. Before I could answer, he gave me the solution of
this long-misunderstood passage: and, in support of his explana-
tion, had the charity to repeat his own paraphrase of it in English
verse, just come hot, as he said, from the brain."
Foote, in his Devil upon Two Sticks, gave an exact re-
presentation of him, as sketched above, upon the stage.
Sir William sent him his card, thanking him for so happy
a likeness, but remarked that as Foote had forgotten the
muff, he sent him his own!
At the age of eighty, he came to Batson's coffee-house
in his laced coat and band, and fringed white gloves, to
show himself to Mr. Crosby, then Lord Mayor. A gentle-
man present observing that he looked very well, he re-
plied he had "neither wife nor debts."
Browne, William George, 1768–1813, an eminent
traveller, a native of London, educated at Oriel College,
Oxford, was murdered by banditti when on his way from
Tabriz to Teheran. Mr. Brown was stimulated to the
love of adventure by the perusal of Bruce's Travels. He
passed many years in investigations in Africa, Egypt,
Syria, Greece, &c. Travels in Africa, Egypt, and Syria,
in the years 1792-98, Lon., 1799, 4to; 2d and best edit.,
enlarged, 1806, 4to.
able-obscurity, strained and affected construction, and in-
The faults with which this gifted author is justly charge-
congruous admixtures of the language of Eschylus with
"This work was highly esteemed, and is classed by Major Ren- the language of Shakspeare-we hope to see reformed alto-
nel among the best performances of the kind: but from the abgether in her future labours. One of her reviewers re-
ruptness and dryness of the style, it never became very popu-marks,
lar."-Encyc. Brit.
"From Kahira Mr. Brown penetrated into Upper Egypt. In ac-
companying this traveller through that country, the reader will
find much more of ancient curiosities on the one hand, and a much
abler description of the people on the other, than in Sonnini.”—
Anti-Jacobin Review.
“A most valuable work, and except in some few peculiarities
of the author, a model for travellers; it is particularly instructive
in what relates to Darfour.”—STEVENSON,
"In courage, prudence, love of science, and intimate acquaint-
ance with the Eastern languages and manners, he has never been
exceeded."-PINKERTON.
Brownell, Henry Howard. Poems, N. Y., 16mo.
"There is much genuine poetry in this volume. The sentiment
is elevated, the imagery at times highly impressive, and some of
the poems are calculated deeply to affect our finer sensibilities."
Brownell, Thomas Church, D.D., LL.D., Bishop
of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the State of Con-
necticut, b. 1779, at Westfield. Massachusetts, has pub. a
number of valuable theological works. Commentary on
the Book of Common Prayer, r. 8vo. Consolation for the
Afflicted, 18mo. Christian's Walk and Consolation, 18mo.
Exhortation to Repentance, 18mo. Family Prayer Book.
Religion of the Heart and Life, 5 vols. Religious In-
quirer Answered, 18mo. Youthful Christian's Guide, 18mo
Browning, Mrs. Elizabeth Barrett, b. in Lon-
don of a family in affluent circumstances, and educated
with great care. She gave very early proofs of genius.
At the age of ten she attempted writing both in prose and
verse, and at fifteen her powers as a writer were known to
her friends. Her "Essay on Mind, with other Poems,"
was published by her at the age of seventeen. The Sera-
phim, and other Poems, Lon., 1838, The Romaunt of the
Page, 1839, The Drama of Exile, Isobel's Child, Casa
Guidi Windows, 1851, Miscellaneous Poems, &c. deservedly
occupy a high place in English poetical literature. In
addition to her original works, she has distinguished her-
self by a translation into English of the Prometheus Bound
of Eschylus, which has been styled
•
• •
"A remarkable performance for a young lady, but not a good
translaticu in and by itself. It is too frequently uncouth, with
out being faithful, and, under a pile of sounding words, lets the
Are go out. Miss Barrett has not attempted to reproduce the
grand effect of anapastic systems of the Greek. for which, never-
theless, there are great facilities in English, and, instead of the
fullest and completest close in the whole range of the Greek drama,
the English Prometheus comes to an end before you expect it.”—
Lon. Quar. Rev.
|ing, the author of Paracelsus, &c. The reviewer whom
we have just quoted gives our authoress credit for "extra-
ordinary acquaintance with ancient classical literature,"
and few writers of the day have more enthusiastic ad-
mirers, whilst certain grave faults are fully acknow-
ledged:
|
"It is with real pain that we say, surely never was gold so dis
guised and overlaid with tinsel as hers,-never was real merit
made to look so like what Carlyle would call a ‘sham.' She pos
sesses genius, a cultivated mind, a truth-loving heart, quick powers
of observation, and luxuriancy of fancy and expression; but that
luxuriance too often verges-to say the least-on extravagance.
Her thoughts, fine in themselves, are not clearly conceived, and
are expressed in a wilderness of words in which it is sometimes dir
ficult to pick up one distinct, intelligible idea. Her genius is er
ratic, and runs away with her; in short, what avails truth to na-
telligible?...There is little in the praise which has been bestowed
poetic when the writer thinks to be unin-
on Miss Barrett's poems in which we cannot heartily join, and wo
might have contented ourselves with citing agreeable passages
and iterating that praise; but we have pursued a course more
likely, we hope, to be profitable to this highly-gifted lady, and to
to confer benefit-and benefit of the highest order."—British Quar
the minds of the living and unborn on whom she has the power
terly Review, vol. ii. p. 337.
We refer the reader to a review of the poems of our
authoress in Blackwood's Magazine, vol. lvi. p. 621.
"It is plain that Miss Barrett would always write well if she
wrote simply from her own heart, and without thinking of the
composition of any other author-at least let her think of them
only in so far as she is sure that they embody great thoughts in
pure and appropriate language, and in forms of construction which
will endure the most rigid scrutiny of common sense and unper-
verted taste."
This version of the Prometheus Bound was pronounced
"an carly failure" by the mature judgment of the writer,
who made a new translation, which now appears in the
collected edition of her works. Mrs. Browning, who is as
distinguished for learning as for genius, contributed a
series of critical papers on the Greek Christian Poets to
the London Athenæum.
Miss Barrett was married in 1846 to Mr. Robert Brown-
"Mr. Leigh Hunt, in one of his clever poems, calls her the
sister of Tennyson. We object to this, and claim her as Shaks
pere's daughter! Great as Robert Browning is in the world of
poetry, his wife is literally the better half.""
·
Mr. Moir, one of the fairest of contemporary critics, re-
marks,
"Gifted with a fine and peculiar genius, what Mrs. Browning
might have achieved, or may yet achieve, by concentration of
thought and rejection of unworthy materials, it is impossible to
say; but most assuredly she has hitherto marred the effect of much
she has written by a careless self-satisfaction. Instead of being a
comet that from its horrid hair shakes pestilence and war,' she
might have been, and I trust is destined yet to be, a constellation
to twinkle for ever in silver beauty amid the blue serene."—
Sketches of the Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-Century.
"Mrs. Browning's Poems are of the class the full beauty and
value of which can but scantily be indicated by extracts. Yet it
would not be difficult to select passages instinct with a life and
beauty of their own."-Lmdon Examiner.
Our learned friend, Rev. Dr. Geo. W. Bethune, a critio
of exquisite taste, remarks that
"Mrs. Browning is singularly bold and adventurous. Her wing
carries her, without faltering at their obscurity, into the cloud and
the mist, where not seldom we fail to follow her, but are tempted,
while we admire the honesty of her enthusiasm, to believe that
she utters what she herself has but dimly perceived. Much of
this, however, arises from her disdain of carefulness."
We shall conclude our sketch with a few lines from two
of our writer's own sex:
"Such is the influence of her manners, her conversation, her
temper, her thousand sweet and attaching qualities, that they
who know her best are apt to lose sight altogether of her learning
and of her genius, and to think of her only as the most charming
person that they have ever met."-Mary Russell Mitford's Recol
lections of a Literary Life.
sex.
"In delicacy of perception Miss Barrett may vie with any of her
She has what is called a true woman's heart, although wơ
must believe that men of a fine conscience and good organization
will have such a heart no less. Signal instances occur to us in
the cases of Spenser, Wordsworth, and Tennyson. The woman
who reads them will not find hardness or blindness as to the sud
thor workings of thoughts and affections.
"If men are often deficient on this score, women on the other
hand are apt to pay excessive attention to the slight tokens, the
little things of life. Thus, in conduct or writing, they tend to
weary us with a morbid sentimentalism. From this fault Miss
Barrett is wholly free.”—Margaret Fuller.
The 4th Eng. ed. of Mrs. Browning's Poems was pub.
1.on., 1856, 3 vols. 12mo; and in the same year she gave
to the world Aurora Leigh. Reviews of this poem will be
found in the North British Review, February, 1857, (being
a general notice of Mrs. Browning's literary characteristics,)
and in the London Athenæum, Nov. 22, 1856, No. 1425;
N. Amer. Rev., &c. Amer. ed. of her poems, N.Y., 3 vols.
12mo. Aurora Leigh, 12mo.
An excellent edition of Mrs. Browning's Poems has
been published by Francis & Co., N.Y.
Browning, Geo. Condition of Great Britain, Lon.,
1834, 8vo.
266
BRO
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Browning, J. Lorenzo. Pignotti's History of Tus-
cany, interspersed with Essays trans. from the Italian,
with Life of the author, by J. L. B., 4 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1823.
"Amongst the modern writers of Italy, whose works, both in
poetry and prose. stand high in the public estimation, is the late
Lorenzo Pignotti, one of the authors enumerated by Pozzetti as
entitled to lasting fum.”—Roscoe.
就算
​Browning, John. Sermons, Lon., 1636, 4to.
Browning, John. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1746, '51.
El tricity, Population, &c.
Browning, Robert, b. 1812, at Camberwell, Eng-
land, and educated at the London University, is one of the
most eminent poets of the day. In 1836 he pub. Paracel-
In 1836 he pub. Paracel-
sus, which was highly commended by a number of critics,
but not extensively read. In 1837 his Tragedy of Straf-
ford was produced, Mr. Macready personating the hero.
"It is the work of a young poet," remarks a critic. "Lut is well
conceived and arranged for effect, while its relation to a deeply-in-
teresting and stirring period of British history gives it a peculiar
attraction to an English audience."
Mr. Browning's other works are Sordella; Pippa Passes;
The Blot in the Scutcheon, (played at Drury Lane in 1843 ;)
King Viator and King Charles; Dramatic Lyrics; Return
of the Druses; Columbe's Birthday; Dramatic Romances;
Luria; Bells and Pomegranates, (of which Pippa Passes is
the first;) Christmas Eve; Easter-Day; Men and Women,
1855. His collected works have been pub. in 2 vols. 12mo,
Lon., (last ed., 1849,) and also by Ticknor & Fields, of
Boston, 2 vols. 18mo, (last ed., 1856.) Mr. Browning was
married in November, 1846, to Elizabeth Barrett, one of
the most learned poetesses of the age. Since their mar-
riage they have resided in Florence.
"Next to Tennyson, we hardly know of another English poet
who can be compared with Browning. The grandest pieces in the
volumes [of his Collected Works are Pippa Passes. and A Blot in
the Scutcheon. The latter, in the opinion of Charles Dickens. is
the finest Poem of the century. Once read, it must haunt the
imagination forever; for its power strikes deep into the very sub-
stance and core of the soul.”—E. P. Whipple.
"Many English dramas have been written within a few years,
the authors of which have established their claim to the title of
poet. We cannot but allow that we find in them fine thoughts
finely expressed, passages of dignified and sustained eloquence,
and as adequate a conception of character as the reading of history
and the study of models will furnish. But it is only in Mr. Brown-
ing that we find enough of freshness. vigour, grasp and of that
clear insight and conception which enable the artist to construct
characters from within, and so to make them real things, and not
images, as to warrant our granting the honour due to the dra-
matist." -JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL: N. Amer. Review, lxvi. 357:
read the whole of this well-written article.
"He is equally a master of thought and emotion, and joins to a
rare power of imaginative creation that which is still more rarely
found in union with it-the subtlest power of mental reasoning
and analysis. Over the instrument of language he exerts the
most facile mastery, and few poets have moved with such free and
flowing step through the most complicated word mazes of music.
and measure."-London Examiner.
"We should say that Robert Browning deserves his position
from his originality; but although his name has a certain celebrity.
he has not yet won for himself a niche in the temple of bis nation's
literature. He is rather a thinker than a singer; and yet cannot
be accepted as a remarkable thinker. The grand conception of his
larger works is weak and wavering. but the details exhibit no
common powers. Whatever merits he may possess. are, however.
damaged by the eccentricity and want of beauty of his style. It
is abrupt. harsh, full of familiar turns. and yet not familiar in its
general structure: spasmodic in its vehemence, and obscure from
mere negligence.”—Brit. Quarterly Review. vi, 1847.
Browning, Thomas. Prison Thoughts. 1683, 4to.
Prison Thoughts. 1683, 4to.
Browning, W. S. Provost of Paris; a Tale, Lon.,
3 vols. 8vo. History of the Huguenots. 16th Century,
3 vols. 8vo; ditto from 1598 to 1838, 1 vol. Svo.
"One of the most interesting and valuable contributions to mo-
dern history.”—Lon, Gent. Mag.
Brownlee, William Craig, D.D., b. 1784, at Tor-
Brownlee, William Craig, D.D., b. 1784, at Tor-
foot, the family estate, near Strathaven, Scotland. His
paternal ancestors had been the "Lairds of Torfoot" for
many generations. Pastor of a Dutch Reformed Church
in N. York for many years, and has pub, many valuable
theolog. works. The Christian Father at Home. Christian
Youth's Book, and Manual for Communicants. Inquiry
into the Religious Principles of the Society of Quakers.
Lights and Shadows of Christian Life. On Popery.
On Popery. Ou
Roman Catholic Controversy. The Converted Murderer.
Whigs of Scotland; a Romance. Deity of Christ. His-
tory of Western Apostolic Churches. Other works.
Brownlow, Bp. of Winchester. Sermons, 1799, 4to.
Brownlow, Richard (and John Goldesbo-
rough's) Reports in C. Pleas temp. Elizabeth and James I.,
Lon., 1651, 54, 75, 4to. Latine Redivivus, 1693, fol.
Surreptitious and imperfect copies were in circulation
"Before the complete copy of 1693. They were trans. into Eng-
Hish, and pub. in 1653; again with additions in 1654. In 1693 the
book was repub. in the original Latin, with additions, because,
the editor says, in 1853 and in 1654, these Entries were unskilfully
·
6
turned into English. One of the translators, in speak.ng of the
work, savs, I may dare to promise, without the imposition of te
merity, that allowing for human incidency, it may as justly claim
the title of perfect as any thing of this nature hitherto published""
-Murvin's Legal Bibl.
Brownlow compiled several other legal treatise.
Brownrig, or Brounrig, Ralph, D.D., 1592-
1659, a native of Ipswich, entered Pembroke College,
Cambridge, at 14; Archdeacon of Coventry, 1631; was
made Master of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, and Vice-
chancellor of the University; Bishop of Exeter, 1642.
He was deprived by the Parliament of the revenues of his
bishopric, and of his mastership of Catherine Hall. The
Parliament did not relish his plain discourses. Forty
Sermons, 1652, fol.; reprinted with 25 others, making a
second volume, Lon., 1665, 2 vols. fol. He had the cou-
rage to "advise Oliver Cromwell to restore King Charles II.
to his just rights." But the "Protector" had no idea of
so easily depriving himself of the "price of blood."
"He was a great man for the Anti-Arminian cause, (for he was a
rigid Calvinist,) yet a mighty champion for the liturgy and ordina-
tion of bishops: and his death was highly lamented by men of all
parties."-ECHARD.
“Dr. Gauden, who had known him above thirty years, declares
that he never heard of any thing said or done by bim which a
wise and good man would have wished unsaid or undone.
Ile was one of those excellent men with whom Archbishop Tillot-
son cultivated an acquaintance at his coming to London, and by
whose preaching and example he formed himself."
His style is tolerably good. and his sentences generally short.
Latin and Greek: which was the great fault of the age he lived
But he is too full of divisions and subdivisions, and of scraps of
in."-Biog. Brit.
•
Dr. Gauden's eulogy is such a curious mixture of friend-
ship and pedantry, that we must needs give it to the reader:
He was a person of those ample and cubical dimensions, for
height of learning and understanding, for depth of humility and
devotion. for length of all morality and virtue, and for breadth of
all humanity and charity, that it is hard to contract or epitomize
him. He had the learning of NAZIANZEN, BASIL. or JEROM; the
courage and constancy of ATHANASIUS and ST. AMBROSE: the elo-
quence of ST. CHRYSOSTOM and CHRYSOLOGUS; the mildness and
gentleness of ST. CYPRIAN or ST. AUSTIN: the charity and benigni-
ty of PAULINUS and MARTINUS."-Memorials of Bishop Brownrig
"He had wit at will; but so that he made it his page, not privy
councillor: to obey, not direct his judgment. Ile carried learn-
ing enough in num rato about him in his pockets for any dis-
course, and had much more at home in his chests for any serious
dispute. It is hard to say whether his loyal memory, quick fancy,
solid judgment, or fluent utterance were most to be admired. hav-
ing not only flumen but fulmen loquentiæ, being one who did
teach with authority."-Fuller's Worthies.
Brownrigg, William, M.D., 1711–1800, a native of
Cumberland, studied medicine at London, and afterwards
at Leyden, where he took the degree of M.D. in 1737.
Art of Making Common Salt, Lon., 1748, Svo. Considera-
tions on Pestilential Contagion, 1771, 4to. Con. to Phil.
Trans., 1753, &c. When the President of the Royal So-
ciety, Sir John Pringle, was called on to bestow upon Dr.
Priestley the gold medal for his paper of Discoveries on
the Nature and Properties of Air, he remarked,
"It is no disparagement to the learned Dr. Priestley, that the
vein of these discoveries was hit upon. some years ago, by my
very learned, very penetrating, very industrious, but too modest,
friend. Dr. Brownrigg."
Dr. Brownrigg was undoubtedly the "legitimate father"
of this class of discoveries.
Brownsmith, John. The Rescue, or Thespian
Scourge, 1767. Svo.
Scourge. 1767. Svo. Dramatic Timepiece, being a calcu-
lation of the Length of Time every Act takes in the Per-
forming, in all the acting Plays at the Theatre Royal of
Drury Lane, &c. &c., 1767, Svo. It is said that books
have been written about almost every thing, and it ap..
pears that Mr. Brownsmith determined to find a subject
for his industry. If he could have accurately informed
the public of all the evil effects in various ways produced
every night by the theatre, and its many injurious in-
uences, he would have been a benefactor to society
indeed!
a
of Windsor county, Vermont.
Brownson, Orestes A., h. about 1802, is a native
He has been, in succession,
Presbyterian minister, a Universalist, a Deist, again a
Christian minister,-and is now a Roman Catholic layman.
Some attention was excited to Mr. Brownson's pecu-
liarities by a series of articles in the Christian Examiner.
In 1836 ho gave to the world a volume entitled, New Views
of Christianity, Society, and the Church. Two years later
he commenced the publication of the Boston Quarterly
Review, in which periodical the principal part of his writ
ings have appeared. In 1843 it was merged in the De-
mocratic Review, pub. in New York, to which Mr. B. en-
gaged to contribute. His papers were not received with
much warmth, and in 1844 he revived his periodical under
the title of Brownson's Quarterly Review, which is still
267
BRO
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!
continued, largely supplied with Mr. Brownson's lucubra-
tions. In 1840 he pub. an account of his religious ex-
perience, under the title of Charles Elwood, or the Infidel
Converted. Mr. Brownson is a great admirer of the phi-
losophy of M. Comté, as developed in the Cours de Philo-
sophie Positive. A well-written notice of Mr. Brownson's
literary character will be found in Griswold's Prose Wri-
ters of America.
"We have no doubt that Charles Elwood will aid many a doubter
to a cheerful faith, and confirm many a feeble mind in the faith it
has already professed.”—Christian Esaminer.
“The style of Mr. Brownsou has some good qualities. It is
commonplace. without purity, and destitute of any characteristic i
brilliance or elegance; but it is natural, direct. and plain. It is
that simple and unaffected manner which has the appearance of
being formed, not upon any plan, but merely by practice and use."
-R. W. GRISWOLD.
"The metaphysical talents of Mr. O. A. Brownson are well
known throughout the United States. He is an able critic on
mental philosophy; and the several articles which have appeared
from his pen in the Quarterly Review are of a first-rate character."
-Blakey's Hist. of the Philosophy of Mind.
The Convert; or, Leaves from my Experience, N.Y., 1857,
12mo. This work has been both highly praised and censured.
Brownswerd, John, d. 1589. Progymnasmata ali-
quot Poemata, Lon., 1590. Other pieces.
"He was deservedly numbered among the best Latin poets that
lived in the reign of qu. Elizabeth."-Athen. Oxon.
•
Brownswood, John. Sermon on Methodists, 1739.
Brownswood, William. Sermon, 1704, 4to.
Broxoline, Charles. Perkins Improved, 1657; a
Perkins Improved, 1657; a
theolog. treatise.
Bruce, Alexander. Principia Jurisfeudalis, Edin.,
1713, Svo. Other legal treatises, pub. 1714–72.
Bruce, Alexander. Cause of the Pestilence, Edin.,
Cause of the Pestilence, Edin.,
1759.
Bruce, Archibald, M.D., 1777-1818, a native of
New York, son of William Bruce, M.D., head of the Medi-
cal Department in the British Army at New York, com-
menced in 1810 the pub. of The Journal of American
Mineralogy, the earliest purely scientific Journal of Ame-
rica. Dr. Bruce pub. but one volume. It was succeeded
by Silliman's Journal, the able editor of which is still
(1854) devoted to scientific investigation, and the Journal
is continued.
Bruce, Arthur. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1797.
Natural Hist. of the Common Mole. General View of the
Agriculture of the County of Berwick, &c., 1794, 4to.
This work is printed as an appendix to the former work by
Lowe. . . . The two reports together form a work that was not
equalled in the whole number of county surveys."-Donaldson's
Agricult. Biog.
•
Bruce, Basil. Exhortation against Oaths, 1798.
Bruce, E. and J. Geography and Astronomy, &c.,
1805, 12mo; 4th edit., 1813.
Bruce, Edward, edited a beautiful edition of such
Latin authors as have written upon the Chase, entitled
Poeta Latini Rei Venatica Scriptores et Bucolici Antiqui,
&c., Leyden, 1728, 4to. This edition has been erroneously
ascribed to Kempfer.-Biog. Univ.
Bruce, James, 1730-1794, an eminent traveller, de-
scended on the female side from the royal house of Bruce,
was a native of Kinnaird, county of Stirling, Scotland.
An interesting account of his travels in France, Spain,
Italy, Germany, Africa, &c., will be found in Rose's Biog.
Dict.
Travels to discover the Source of the Nile, in the years
1768, 69, 70, 71, 72, and '73, Edin., 1790, 5 vols. 4to; 2d
edit., corrected and enlarged, with a Life of the Author,
by Dr. Alexander Murray, Edin., 1805, 7 vols. 8vo; and
3d edit., 1813, 7 vols. 8vo, and Atlas, 4to. The 4to Atlas
contains the plates, being select specimens in Natural His-
tory, collected in Travels to discover the Source of the Nile,
in Egypt, Abyssinia, and Nubia, being an Appendix to
his Travels. Dr. Alexander Murray, the editor of the 2d
edit., pub. Edin., 1808, 4to, An Account of the Life and
Writings of James Bruce, Esq., &c. See also Richard
Wharton's Observations on the Authenticity of Bruce's
Travels, Newc.-upon-Tyne, 1800; 4to; and A Compliment-
ary Letter to James Bruce, Esq., by Peter Pindar, [Dr.
John Wolcott,] Lon., 1790, 4to.
We also commend to the reader's notice, as an interest-
ing sequel to Bruce's Travels, Nathaniel Pearce's Nine
Years' Residence in Abyssinia, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Mr. Bruce
was an excellent linguist, and well versed in several de-
partments of learning.
"Bruce's Travels is one of those few publications which at its
first appearance engaged our incessant perusal, and we then
thought it a very useful, entertaining, and interesting work. The
present edition is greatly superior to the former."-Eclectic Review,
nutive of 2d e:lil
"It would be poor and inadequate praise to say that it has
seldom or never fallen to our lot to notice a book so ably edited.
We believe no editor ever before so laboriously qualified himself
for his undertaking." Annual Rev.
¿
"Who has not heard of Bruce-the romantic, the intrepid, the
undefatigable Bruce?-His tale' was once suspected; but suspi
cion has sunk into acquiescence of its truth. A more enterprising,
light, but lion-hearted traveller never left his native hills for the
accomplishment of such purposes as those which Bruce accom-
plished."-DIBdin,
Bruce, James.
Bruce, James.
Sermon, 1803, 8vo.
Classic and Historic Portraits, Lon.
2 vols.
"We find in these piquant volumes the liberal outpourings of
a ripe scholarship. the results of wide and various reading, given
in a style and manner at once pleasant, gossippy, and picturesque."
-Lon. Athenæum,
"A series of biographical sketches remarkable for their truth
and fidelity.”—Lon. Literary Gazette.
Bruce, John. Emperor and the Muscovites, 1733.
Bruce, John, Keeper of the State Papers, and Histo-
riographer to the Hon. East India Company. Annals of
the E. India Company, 1600-1708, Lon., 1810, 3 vols. 4to.
Report on the Events and Circumstances connected with
the Union of England and Scotland, 1799, Svo. Other
works, 1780-1813.
Bruce, John. Educational Works, Lon., 1808-16.
Bruce, John. Sympathy, or the Mourner Advised
and Comforted, Lon., 1829, 12mo.
f
Valuable as are the treatises of Flavel, and Grosvenor, and
Cecil, this volume is more judicious than the first, more clearly
evangelical than the second, more tender than the last, and more
copious and complete than any or all of them."-Eclectic Review.
History of the Jews in all Ages, 12mo.
"To Prof. Milman's History of the Jews this work is a complete
antidote."-Wesleyan Methodist Mag.
Bruce, John C. Hand Book of English History,
The Roman Wall, 8vo; 2d edit., en-
Lon., 1848, 12mo.
larged, 1853; a few copies on 1. p., 4to.
..
· The Roman Wall is a very elaborate and painstaking work on
one of the most interesting of British antiquities. Mr. Bruce is a
man of learning, whether as regards Roman history, in connection
with Britain, or the works of Archeologists upon our Roman re-
mains, especially those which relate to his immediate subject."—
Lon. Spectator.
CC
The author's style renders it highly readable, the facts he has
collected will make it useful for reference, and its portability, and
the clear arrangement of the subject-matter, should introduce it
as a companion to all who may desire to study fully one of the
noblest monuments of our country."-Gentleman's Mag.
Bruce, Lew., D.D. Sermons, Lon., 1743, '45, '52,
'62, 4to.
Bruce, Michael. Sermon, 1725, Svo.
Bruce, Michael, 1746-1767, a native of Kinness-
wood, county of Kinross, Scotland, was the son of a
weaver. His father designed him for the ministry, and
sent him to the University of Edinburgh, where he made
the acquaintance of the Rev. John Logan, who pub. a
volume of his poems in 1770, three years after his decense.
included in Anderson's edit. of the Poets. Principal
A second edit. was pub. in 1784, and they were afterwards
Baird put forth another edit. in 1807, and in 1837 they
were again pub., with a life of the author, by the Rev.
William Mackelvic, Balgedie, Kinrossshire.
"Had Bruce lived, it is probable he would have taken a high
place among our national poets. He was gifted with the requisite
enthusiasm, fancy, and love of nature. ...
. . The pieces he has left
have all the marks of youth; a style only half formed and imma-
ture, and resemblances to other poets, so close and frequent, that
the reader is constantly stumbling on some familiar image or ex-
pression. In Lochleven, a descriptive poem in blank verse, he has
taken Thomson as his model. The opening is a paraphrase of
the commencement of Thomson's Spring, and epithets taken from
the Seasons occur throughout the whole poem, with traces of Mil-
ton. Ossian, &c. . . . The Last Day is inferior to Lochleven.
In poetical beauty and energy, as in biographical interest, his
latest effort, The Elegy, must ever rank the first in his produc
tions."-ROBERT CHAMBERS: see Specimens in Cycl. of Eng. Lit.
"Though the poem on Lochleven contains little more than six
hundred lines, it is astonishing with what a variety of landscapes
it is decorated; these are for the most part touched with a spirited
pencil, and not seldom discover considerable originality, both in
conception and execution; they are not mere copies of still life,
but abound in the expression of human passions and feelings,
and excite the most permanent and pleasurable emotions.
Oh reader! bless the memory of the gentle Bard; and whilst the
•
tear of pity trembles on thy cheek, mayst thou feel the glow of
emulative hope, and learn to live like him."-Drake's Literary
Hours, vol. iii. 325: read the whole of this interesting sketch.
►
་
·
Bruce, Peter Henry, a distinguished soldier of a
Scotch family. Memoirs, Travels, &c., Lon., 1782, 4to.
Bruce, Richard. The Life of Religion, Lon., 1615.
Bruce, Robert, 1599-1631, appointed one of the
ministers of Edinburgh, 1587. Sermons, Edin., 1591, 8vo.
16 Sermons, Lon., 1617. 4to. Discovery of the Conspiracy
Sermons reprinted with Collec. for
of Papists, &c., 4to.
his life by Rev. Robert Wodrow, edited by Rev. W
269
BRU
BRY
Cunningham, D.D., Trinity College Church, Edin., printed
for the Wodrow Society, 1843, 8vo.
"A hero adorned with every virtue, a constant confessor, and
Almost martyr, of the Lord Jesus."-A. MELVILLE.
"Mr. Robert Bruce I several times heard, and, in my opinion,
never man spake with greater power since the Apostles' days."-
LIVINGSTONE.
Bruce, Robert, M.D. Arboricult. Con. to Phil.
Trans., 1725.
Bruce, Titus. Monarchy Maintained; a Sermon,
1682, 4to.
Bruce, William. State of Society in the Age of
Ilomer, p. 8vo. Treatise on the Being and Attributes of
God, 8vo. Sermons on the Study and Interpretation of
the Bible, 1824, 8vo.
"An exposition and defence of the system of Christian doctrinc
denominated Arianist."-Lrm. M‹mthly Repository.
Bruch, Richard. Epigrammata, Lon., 1626, 12mo.
Epigrammatum, etc., Lon., 1627.
Bruckner, John, 1726–1804, though a native of the
island of Cadsand, near the Belgic frontier, was for 51
years settled as French preacher at Norwich, England.
Théorie du Système Animal, Leyd., 1767; trans. into Eng-
lish, with the title of A Philosophical Survey of the Ani-
mal Creation, Lon., 1768.
"In the 7th and 10th chapters are many of the sentiments
which have been more recently put forward in the writings of Mr.
Malthus."
In 1790 he pub., under the name of Cassander, Criti-
cisms on the Diversions of Purley. John Horne Tooke,
the author, replied to these strictures with some asperity
in his 4to. edit. He pub. in 1792 Thoughts on Public
Worship, being a reply to Gilbert Wakefield's tract on So-
cial Worship, Lon., 1791, 8vo. He also began a didactic
poem in French verse, in illustration of the principles laid
down in his Théorie du Système Animal. Bruckner was
a man of considerable erudition, and preached with ap-
plause in four languages,-Latin, French, Dutch, and
English.
Bruckshaw, Samuel. One more Proof of the Ini-
quitous Abuse of Private Madhouses, 1774, Svo.
Brudenell, Exton. System of Midwifery, Lon.,
1751, Svo.
Bruce, William U. The Clove Tree, 1797, 4to.
Bruce, Walter. Praxis Medicinæ Theoretica et Em-
pirica, Lon., 1639, 4to: several foreign edits., Ven., 1585,
fol.; Antw., 1585, fol.; Lug. Bat., 1599, 8vo; again, 1628,
Svo; again, 1647, Svo.
"
The learned antiquary, Hearne, perhaps thought that having
preserved the whole of Robert of Gloucester's faithful and almost
literal version of Geoffrey of Monmouth, it was unnecessary to
print the more licentious paraphrase which had passed through
Poet, i. 92.
the medium of a Norman poet.”—Ellis's Specimens of Early Ens.
Brunning, Benj. The Best Wisdom, 1660, 4to.
Brunsell, Samuel. Sermon, Lon., 1660, fol.
Brunswick, Duke of. Reasons for embracing the
Roman Catholic Faith, 1715, 8vo.
Brunton, Alex., D.D. Sermons & Lectures, 1818, 8vo.
Brunton, Anna. The Cottagers; a Comic Opera,
1788, Svo. This was pub. at the age of 15.
Brunton, Mary, 1778-1818, the only daughter of
Colonel Thomas Balfour, was a native of the island of
Bara, in Orkney. At the age of 20 she married the Rev.
Dr. Brunton, minister of Bolton, in Haddingtonshire. In
1803 Dr. and Mrs. Brunton removed to Edinburgh. Ile:
novel of Self-Control was pub. anonymously in 1811.
|
"I intended to show the power of the religious principle in be-
stowing self-command, and to bear testimony against a maxim as
immoral as indelicate, that a reformed rake makes the best hus
band.”—From a Leller by the Authoress.
The work was very successful. The 1st edit. was sold
in a month, and a second and a third followed. In 1814
she pub. Discipline, which also was successful. Her third
work, Emmeline, she did not live to finish. It was pub.,
together with a memoir of the authoress, by Dr. Brunton,
after her decease. An edition of her works has been pub.
in 7 vols. p. Svo. All of her writings have been trans. into
French, and are highly esteemed on the Continent.
6.
Among the pleasing expounders of morality Mrs. Brunton
stood pre-eminent, as well for the good taste and style, as for the
soundness, of her works. Her two novels of Self-Control and
Discipline met with great and well-deserved success." See Lon.
Monthly Review, vols. lxv., lxxviii., and xci.
Brusasque, Eliz. A. Trans. from the German of
Sützer of the Principles of Taste as applied to the Fine
Arts and Literature, 1806, Svo.
Bruton, William. News from the East Indies; or
Voyage to Bengala, Lon., 1638, 4to: see Osborne's Voya-
ges, i. 267, 1745, and Hakluyt's Voyages, vol. v.
Bryan, Augustine, d. 1726, of Trinity College, Cam-
bridge, edit. Plutarch's Lives, pub. Lon., 5 vols., 4to, after
his death. Bishop Hare speaks of him in terms of com-
mendation in the preface to his edit. of Terence.
Bryan, Augustine. A Sermon, Lon., 1718, Sro.
Bryan, or Bryant, Sir Francis, d. 1520, an Eng-
lish poet and warrior, educated at Oxford, followed the
Earl of Surrey in his expedition to the coast of Brittany.
In 1549 he was appointed chief governor of Ireland, and
he there married the Countess of Ormond. He was nephew
to SIR JOHN BOURCHIER, LORD Berners, (q. v.) and shared
in his literary taste. He trans. from the French of Allégre,
A Dispraise of the Life of a Courtier, which Allégre had
trans. from the Castilian of Guevara, Bishop of Mondovent.
Bryant's trans, was pub. Lon., 1548, Svo.
Bruen, Lewis. Christian Psalms, 1789, Svo.
Bruen, Robert. Pilgrim's Practice, Lon., 1621, 8vo.
Bruen, Matthias, 1793–1829, a native of Newark,
New Jersey, pub. Sketches of Italy, and a Sermon at Paris.
Bruggis, Thos. Companion for a Chirurgeon, Lon.,
1651, Svo. Chirurgical Vade Mecum, with a sup. by Ellis
Pratt, M.D., Lon., 1689, 12mo.
"He hath written songs and sonnets; some of these are printed
with the Songs and Sonnets of Hen. Earl of Surrey, and Sir Tho.
Wyatt the elder; which Songs and Sonnets shew him to have been
most passionate to bewail and bemoan the perplexities of love.”-
Athen, Oxon.
He also left some MS. Letters of State.
Brulles. Cultivating and Dressing Hemp, 1790.
Brumhall. Sermon on Hypocrisy. 1677, 4to.
Brumwell, William. Con.to Med. Obs. and Inq.,1784.
Brunne, Robert de, or Robert Mannyng, a na-
tive of Brunne in Lincolnshire, was a Canon of the Gil-
bertine order, and resident in the priory of Sempringham
ten years in the time of Prior John of Camelton, and five
years with John of Clyntone. In 1303 he began his trans-
lation, or rather paraphrase, of Manuel Peché or Manuel
des Pechés, that is, the Manual of Sins. It is a long pro-
duction, treating of the decalogue and the seven deadly
sins, which are illustrated by many legendary stories. It
was never printed, but is preserved in the Bodleian Library,
MSS. No. 415, and in the Harleian MSS., No. 1701. In
this work he remonstrates upon the introduction of foreign
terms into the language: "I seke," says he, "no straunge
Ynglyss."
Bryan, John, D.D., of Coventry. Serms., Lon.,
1647-74.
Bryan, Margaret. Educational works, 1799-1815.
Bryan, Matthew. Sermons, 1684, 92, 4to.
Bryan, Michael, 1757-1821, a native of Newcastle,
was for many years the first English authority in pictorial
art.
His celebrated Biographical and Critical Dictionary
of Painters and Engravers was pub. in 7 parts, 1813-16,
forming 2 vols. 4to. This valuable work is an improve-
ment as well as enlargement of Pilkington's Dictionary,
(Lon., 1805, '10, 4to.)
•
But a more important work of his is a metrical chronicle
of England. The former part is trans. from an old French
“No private individual has been more conspicuous in the annals
of British art than the late Michael Bryan. Esq. Having had
poet called Maister Wace or Gasse, who copied Geoffrey constant need of reference to his Dictionary of Painters and En-
of Monmouth in a poem called Roman des Rois D'Angle- gravers, we can take upon ourselves to vouch for its general accu-
terre. The second part of De Brunne's Chronicle, begin-racy, research, and ability. The original sketches are admirably
ning from Cadwallader, and ending with Edward the First, written."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
is trans. principally from a Chronicle by Peter Langtoft.
an Augustine canon of Bridlington, in Yorkshire, who is
supposed to have died in the reign of Edward II., and was
therefore a contemporary of De Brunne. Hearne edited
De Brunne, but "has suppressed the whole of his trans.
from Wace, excepting the prologue, and a few extracts
which he found necessary to illustrate his glossary." Some
specimens of De Brunne's style will be found in Ellis's se-
lection; in Chambers's Cyc. Eng. Lit.; and in Warton's
Hist. of Eng. Poetry, in which work will be found some
learned notes upon our author.
Mr. Bohn has recently (in 1849) pub. a new edition of
this valuable work, revised, enlarged by more than 1000
additional Memoirs, and continued to the present time by
George Stanley, Esq., 1 vol. imp. Svo, £2 28. Dr. Spooner
of New York has recently pub. an extensive work upon
the same plan.
Bryan, Philip. Collection of Arms, Crests, &c..
Lon., fol.
Bryan, William. A Testimony, &c. concerning
Richard Brothers. 1795, Svo.
Bryanston, John. A Manifest Reason. &c., 1683.
269
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Bryant, Alfred, b. 1807, in N. Jersey. Millenarian
Views, 1852. Abstractions in the World to Come, 1853.
Bryant, Charles. Hist. Account of the Lycoperdon,
Lun., 1783, 8vo. Flora Dietetica, 1783, 8vo. A Dict. of
the ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and Plants most commonly
cultivated in Great Britain, Norwich, 1790, Svo.
Bryant, Henry. 1. Sermon. 2. Cause of the Brand
in Wheat, 1758, '84.
Bryant, Jacob, 1715-1804, a man of profound learn-
ing, was a native of Plymouth, in Devonshire, and was
educated at Eton, and King's College, Cambridge. He
He
accepted the post of tutor to the sons of the Duke of Marl-
horough, and attended his grace during his campaign as
his private secretary. The duke gave further evidences
of his esteem by securing to Mr. Bryant an annuity which
he received until his death, assigning two rooms to his use
at Blenheim, and presenting to him the keys of his cele-
brated library. Mr. Bryant revelled in these literary stores,
and it is worthy of note, that as literature was the great
passion of his life, so its pursuit in one sense may be said
to have hastened his death. In stepping on a chair to
reach a book in his library, his foot slipped, and grazing
his leg, mortification ensued, of which he died, Nov. 14,
1804, at the age of 89. Mr. Bryant was wedded to his
books and learned theories, and therefore never took a wife.
His publications were numerous: Observations and In-
quiries relating to various Parts of Ancient History, con-
taining Dissertations on the Wind Euroclydon; and on
the Island Melite, together with an Account of Egypt in
its most early State, and of the Shepherd Kings, Cam-
bridge, 1767, 4to. In this volume Bryant does not hesitate,
though with great modesty, to enter the field against Bo-
chart, Grotius, Bentley, Cluverius, and Beza. He contends
that Euroclydon is correct, and should not be read Euroa-
quito, and the Island Melite of the last chapter of the Acts
is not Malta. His arguments are considered convincing.
"An ingenious gentleman, whose name is Bryant, has proved,
I think, very clearly, that the Isle of Malta was not the place where
St. Paul was shipwrecked, but Melite, which lies in the Adriatic
gulph, upon the coast of Epidaurus. IIe likewise makes it proba-
He
ble that we must give up Dr. Bentley's reading, and abide by Euro-
rlydon.”—Charles Godwin to Hutchins, Aug. 14, 1767.
"That very respectable author has demonstrably shown that the
Malta where St. Paul was shipwrecked was not the Malta in the
Mediterranean Sea against Africa, but the Melite in the Illyrian
Gulf, because, &c."-Wм. BoWYER: Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes, iii. 47;
but see the other side in vol. ix. 515.
His next and most important work, and the one by which
posterity will decide upon his merits, was A New System,
or Analysis of Ancient Mythology; wherein an attempt is
made to divest Tradition of Fable, and to reduce Truth to
its original Purity, Lon., 1774-76, 3 vols. 4to.
"Peculiarly adapted for men of education who wish to see the
pincipal arguments in favour of Christianity condensed into a
varrow compass."
:)
“A useful and original view of the evidences of Christianity, in
which some of the chief difficulties in Revelation are noticed, and,
on the whole, satisfactorily obviated.”—Orme.
Observations upon the Plagues inflicted upon the Egyp-
tians, Lon., 1794, 1810, 8vo.
✓
“A very learned and curious work on the Plagues of Egypt, in
which this series of miracles is critically investigated, and shown
to afford most convincing evidences of the divine mission of Moses."
-BISHOP VAN MILDERT.
"None can read this book without being gratified with the
learned research which it displays, and the light which is thrown
by it on the singular, and in some respects obscure, subjects to
which it relates.”—ORme.
"The same depth of thought, the same brilliancy of fancy, and
the same extent of erudition, are proportionably conspicuous in
this smaller production, as in the larger work of the Analysis of
Ancient Mythology.”—British Critic, O. S., iv. 35.
"Suggests some valuable hints for the illustration of this sub-
ject." BICKERSTETII.
Mr. Bryant had always been conspicuous for the inde-
pendence of his opinions, and had excited the astonishment
of the learned who were willing to take things as they had
received them from their grandsires. But what was their
dismay when Professor Dalzel's publication of Chevalier's
Description of the Plain of Troy, elicited from the fearless.
Jacob, A Dissertation concerning the War of Troy, and
the Expedition of the Grecians as described by Homer,
showing that no such expedition ever took place, and that
Great
no such city as Phrygia existed, Lon., 1796, 4to.
was the indignation of the Hellenists at finding their be-
loved city thus unceremoniously swallowed up by the rod
of this skeptical magician. Determined not to yield with-
out a struggle, Vincent, Falkoner, Wakefield, and Morritt
rushed to the rescue, and the vindicators of Troy fought
indeed like Trojans. Mr. Bryant made but few converts,
whatever may have been the justice of his cause.
The
Sentiments of Philo-Judæus concerning the Logos, or Word
of God, &c., 1797, Svo. In 1799 he answered Mr. Morritt's
strictures upon his treatise on Troy, and in the same year
addressed an Expostulation on this subject to the British
Critic. Observations on the famous controverted passages
in Justin Martyr and Josephus. His last work was entitled
Dissertations upon some Passages in Scripture, which the
Enemies of Religion have thought most Obnoxious, and
attended with Difficulties not to be surmounted, 1803, 4to.
The difficulties referred to are those in the History of Ba-
laam; Samson and his victory at Lehi; the sun standing
still in Gibeon, and portions of the history of Jonah.
"On all these topics the author's profound acquaintance with
the idolatries and mythology of the Heathen supplied him with
many curious and important illustrations. If he has not removed
all the difficulties, he has shown that they may be materially re-
Mr. Bryant's object in this work was to prove the truth
of the Scriptures, by tracing the earliest history of man-
kind, as related in the Bible, through the traditional remains
of all nations. Arguing upon the theory that all languages
must be branches of the one used by the progenitors of the
human race, he conceived that the investigation of radical
terms and philological comparisons would lead to the esta-
blishment of Scriptural History. His theory was an in-
genious one, but Mr. Bryant's zeal was greater than his
knowledge of oriental languages. Richardson and other
scholars attacked some of his positions, and showed their
erroneous foundations. A Vindication of the Apamean
Medal; Archæol. vol. iv., and separately in 4to, 1775.
Vindicia Flavianæ; or a Vindication of the Testimony
given by Josephus concerning our Saviour Jesus Christ,
1780, Svo. This argument was so convincing, that even
In this year
Dr. Priestley declared himself a convert.
Bryant edited Wood's Essay on Homer, the MS. of which
was left in his care. An Address to Dr. Priestley upon his
Doctrine of Philosophical Necessity. 1780, Svo. This was
replied to by Priestley. Observations on the Poems of
Thomas Rowley, in which the authenticity of these Poems
is ascertained, 1781, 2 vols. 12mo. This was an unfortu-
nate cause, but even when espousing error, Mr. Bryant
would always elucidate much valuable truth. In 1783
was pub. The Marlborough Gems, under the title of Gem-
marum antiquarum delectus ex præstantioribus desumptus
in Dactylotheca Ducis Marburiensis. Vol. 1st of the ex-
position was written in Latin by Mr. Bryant, and trans.
into French by Mr. Maty; vol. 2d by Dr. Cole, and trans.
by Mr. Dutens. At the request of the dowager Lady Pem-setts, November 3, 1797.
broke, Mr. B. prepared, and pub. in 1792, 8vo, 3d edit.,
1810, 8vo. Treatise on the Authenticity of the Scriptures
and the Truth of the Christian Religion.
duced."-Orme.
"On the whole, we have discovered in this work much learning,
much ingenuity, and an uniform good intention; but truth com-
pels us to add, that it displays a defect in judgment, and a too
evident propensity to support a favourite hypothesis.”—British
Critic. O. S.. xxv. 58.
Amidst all Mr. Bryant's learned inquiries, it may be said
to his praise, that if at times speculation deceived or theory
betrayed him, yet his great object was to advance the glory
of God by promoting the salvation of man: to confirm our
hope of a glorious immortality, by establishing the truth
of that inspired record wherein we "think we have eternal
life."
Bryant, John Frederick. Verses and autobiogra-
phy, 2d edit., 1787, 8vo.
Bryant, John H., b. 1807, a brother of William Cul-
len Bryant, is a native of Cummington, Massachusetts. In
1826 he wrote a poem entitled My Native Village, which
was pub. in the United States Review and Literary Gazette,
of which his brother William was one of the editors. Mr.
Bryant has been for some years a resident of Illinois, a
cultivator of the soil. His poetical pieces have appeared
in the periodicals of the day, and in 1 vol., 1858.
"He is a lover of nature, and describes minutely and effectively.
To him the wind and the streams are ever musical, and the forests
and the prairies clothed with beauty. His versification is easy and
correct, and his writings show him to be a man of refined taste and
kindly feelings, and to have a mind stored with the best learning."
-Griswold's Ports and Poetry of America.
Massachusetts, pub. n Sermon on Moral Virtue, 1747. Re-
Bryant, Lemuel, d. 1754, a minister of Braintree,
marks on Mr. Porter's Sermon, 1750.
Bryant, William Cullen, one of the most eminent
of American poets, was born at Cummington, Massachu-
At the early age of ten years,
and when only thirteen, wrote The Embargo, a political
he published translations from some of the Latin poets,
satire, which was printed in Boston in 1808.
This re-
markable effusion of precocious genius was so successful
At
that a new edition was called for in a few months.
Williams College the youthful poet distinguished himself
270
BRY
BRY
6
There is running through the whole of this little collection, a
strain of pure and high sentiment, that expands and lifts up the
soul, and brings it nearer to the source of moral beauty. This is
not indefinitely and obscurely shadowed out, but it animates bright
images and clear thoughts."-W. PHILLIPS: N. American Review,
xiii. 380; notice of The Ages and other Poems, pub. at Cambridge,
1821, pp. 44.
A
by his devotion to the classics and other departments of
and we quote it entire, as a noble example of true poetical enthu
learning. he left college in 1812, was admitted to the siasm. It alone would establish the author's claim to the honours
of genius. It is indeed in the beautiful that the genius of
Bar in 1815, and commenced practice in the village of Bryant finds its prime delight. He ensouls all dead, insensate
Great Barrington, where he soon after married. His cele- things, in that deep and delicate sense of their seeming life, in
brated poem of Thanatopsis, was written when between 18 which they breathe and smile before the eyes that love all they
look upon,' and thus there is animation and enjoyment in the
and 19 years of age, and appeared in the North American
heart of the solitude. Here are some lines [Inscription for the En-
Review for 1816. His longest poem, The Ages, a survey
trance to a Wood breathing a woodland and (you will understand
of the experience of mankind, was delivered before the us) a Wordsworthian feeling: while we read them, as Burus says,
Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard College in 1821. It 'our hearts rejoice in nature's joy,' and in our serene sympathy
was pub. with some other poems at Cambridge in 1821. we love the poet. . . . That his writings are imbued with the in-
dependent spirit and the buoyant aspirations incident to a youth-
His well-known poem To a Water Fowl, Inscription for an
entrance to a Wood, and a number of other brilliant effu-ful, a free, and a rising country,' will not, says Mr. Irving, be the
'least of his merits.' In the eyes of Mr. Rogers, to whom the vo
sions, were written whilst still a resident of Great Bar- lume is inscribed, [edited by Washington Irving; Andrews, Lon-
rington. Ten years' experience of legal life, though re- don, 1832, 8vo,] and in ours, it is one of the greatest; for we too
warded with more than ordinary success, determined Mr. belong to a country who, though not young-God bless her, auld
Scotland! hath yet an independent spirit and buoyant aspira
Bryant to devote himself to the more congenial pursuits tions which she is not loath to breathe into the bosom of one of
of literature. He removed to New York in 1825, and in her aged children."-CHRISTOPHER NORTH: Blackwood's Magazine,
conjunction with another gentleman, established The New April. 1832, p. 646.
York Review and Athenæum Magazine, in which appeared
some of his best poems. In 1826 he became editor of the
New York Evening Post, with which he has ever since been
connected. In 1827 he was associated with Mr. Verplanck
and Mr. Sunds in the production of The Talisman, an An-
nual. Mr. Sands died in 1832, and Mr. Verplanck and Mr.
Bryant edited his works. In 1834 he travelled for some time
in Europe, and in 1845 and 1849, repeated his visit. He
has embodied his observations on Europe and this country,
in his Letters of a Traveller in Europe and America.
collection of his poems was pub. in 1832 in New York, and
soon after in Boston; and Washington Irving receiving a
copy of it when in England, caused it to be pub. in Lon-
don, where it was honoured by several editions. In 1842
he pub. The Fountain and other Poems; in 1844, The
White-Footed Deer, and other Poems; and in 1846 a hand-
some edition of his complete Poetical Works was issued by
Carey and Hart, Philadelphia. Mr. Bryant's works are
now published by Messrs. D. Appleton & Co. of New York,
who have shown their usual good judgment and taste in is-
suing them in various styles to suit all purchasers. For the
above facts we are indebted to Griswold's Poets and Poetry
of America, to which the reader is referred for a fuller no-
tice of this gifted author and his poems. As editor for the
last thirty years of the New York Evening Post, a leading
Democratic journal, and by his contributions to periodicals,
in the shape of reviews, tales, &c., Mr. Bryant has proved
himself as great a master of prose as he is of poetry. Whilst
our space forbids any thing like an extended analysis of the
great merits of Mr. Bryant's poetry, we shall not feel jus-
tified in closing this article without quoting some opinions
which will justly carry with them more weight than any
criticism of our own. A highly commendatory notice of
the Water-Fowl, Green River, Inscription for the Entrance
into a Wood, and Thanatopsis, will be found in the Lon-
don (old) Retrospective Review-a periodical very chary
of praise for 1824. We extract a few lines:
"The verses of Mr. Bryant (the best of the American Poets)
come as assuredly from the well of English undefiled, as the
finer compositions of Mr. Wordsworth; indeed, the resemblance
between the two living authors might justify a much more invi
dious parallel. It is quite idle to set up for America the benefit
of a young language: she does not require it. She can stand upon
her own ground even now; and it may be, that if we pursue our
rivalry, we may (in some classes of literature) have in the course
of time, no such overwhelming cause for exultation."
"Others before him have sung the beauties of creation, and the
greatness of God; but no one ever observed external things more
closely, or transferred his impressions to paper in more vivid co-
lours. A violet becomes. in his hands. a gem fit to be placed in an
imperial diadem; a mountain leads his eyes to the canopy above
it. On the whole, we may pronounce the book before us the best
volume of American poetry that has yet appeared. The publication
of such a volume is an important event in our literature. We
have been too much in the habit of looking abroad for examples
and models; and our poets, generally, have had the usual fortune
of imitators, their copies have fallen short of the originals.”—W.
J. SNELLING: N.American Review, xxxiv. 502; notice of the edition
of 1832, Bliss. New York, Sro.
"His name is classical in the literature of the language. Wher-
ever English poetry is read and loved, his poems are known by
heart. Collections of poetry, elegant extracts, school-books, Na-
tional Readers. and the like, draw largely upon his pieces. Among
among the two or three foremost. Some of his pieces are perhaps
American poets his name stands, if not the very first, at least
greater favourites with the reading public than any others written
in the United States."-G. S. HILLARD: N. American Review, lv.
500. (Notice of edition of 1843, Wiley & Putnam, New York and
London, 12mo, pp. 100.)
distinguished American, than by the graphic picture of its
Can we better conclude our notice of the poetry of this
merits drawn by the vivid pencil of the man whom the
country and his age delight to honour?
(
This compliment was elicited by Mr. Jefferson's remark-
"When we shall have existed as a people as long as the Greeks
did before they produced Homer, the Romans a Virgil, the French
a Racine and Voltaire, the English a Shakspeare and Milton;
should this reproach be still true, we will inquire from what un-
friendly causes it has proceeded, that the other countries of Eu-
rope and quarters of the earth shall not have inscribed any name
of ours on the roll of poets."
Mr. Jefferson here refers to the contemptuous assertion
of the Abbé Raynal, that America had not produced a
single man of genius. The depreciating query of the
witty Canon of St. Paul's will immediately occur to the
render's mind, but is so trite that we are afraid to quote it.
The Retrospective Review still further remarks, "The
Inscription for the Entrance into a Wood reminds us both
of Wordsworth and Cowper." We make an extract from
a long and interesting review of Bryant's poetry by one
of the highest authorities in the language, distinguished
for its contempt of mediocrity:
"His poetry overflows with natural religion-with what Words-
worth calls the 'religion of the woods.' This reverential awe of
the Invisible pervades the verses entitled Thanatopsis and Forest
IIvmn, imparting to them a sweet solemnity which must affect all
thinking hearts.'
After pointing out some faults in Forest Hymn, the re-
viewer proceeds :.
16
Thanatopsis is more original both in conception and execution;
·
""
"Bryant's writings transport us into the depths of the solemn
primeval forest, to the shores of the lonely lake-the banks of the
wild nameless stream, or the brow of the rocky upland rising like
a promontory from amidst a wide ocean of foliage: while they shed
around us the glories of a climate fierce in its extremes, but splen-
did in all its vicissitudes."-WASHINGTON IRVING.
that he has written so little, and has chosen to scatter
The only fault that we have to find with Mr. Bryant is
his brilliance amidst a constellation of little poetic stars,
rather than to concentrate the light of his genius in some
immortal work, which should shine as a planet in the lite-
rary horizon to the latest generation.
Letters of a Traveller in Europe and America, N. York,
12mo.
Mr. Bryant's style in these Letters is an admirable model of
descriptive prose. Without any appearance of labour, it is finished
with an exquisite grace. The genial love of nature, and the lurk-
ing tendency to humour, which it everywhere betrays. prevents
its severe simplicity from running into hardness, and gives it
freshness and occasional glow in spite of its prevailing propriety
and reserve."-Harper's New Monthly Magazine.
|
!
..
See also Lon. Month. Rev., cxxvii. 490: For. Quar.
Rev., x. 121; Chris. Exam., xxii. 59, (by W. P. Lant;
South. Lit. Mess., iii. 41; Amer. Quar. Rev., xx. 504; Do
Də
Bow's Rev., ix. 577, (by T. A. Turner:) Democrat. Rev., vi.
273, xvi. 185; U.S. Lit. Gaz., i. S; Phila. Mus., xx. 578,
xxi. 404. A new ed. of Bryant's Poetical Works, collected
and arranged by the author, illustrated with 71 engravings,
Lou., 1858.
Bryars, John, Rector of Billingford, Norfolk. Cha-
rity Sermon, Phil. iv. 17. 1711. Svo. Funeral of a Day
Labourer. St. John ii. 26, 1712, Svo.
Bryce, James. An Account of the Yellow Fever,
Edin., 1796, Svo. The Cow Pox, Edin., 1802, 8vo; 2d
edit. enlarged, 1809, Svo.
Bryce, James, D.D. British India, Lon., 1810, Svo.
Sketch of Native Education in India, Svo.
"A very valuable and seasonable publication.”—Asiatic Journal.
"This able volume."-Now Monthly Magazine.
"Dr. Bryce's work may be read with advantage even in refer
ence to the present state of the question of national education in
this country."-Allas.
•
This excellent volume."-United Service Gaz.
Bryckinton, Stephen. See BIRCHINGTON.
271
BRY:
BRY
Brydall, or Bridall, John, b. 1635, in Somerset- | Ve.ses relative to the Constitution, and other Poems, 1794,-
shire, was educated at Queen's College, Oxford. He set- 4to. Arthur Fitz-Albini; a Novel, 1798–99, 2 vols. 8vo.
tled in Lincoln's Inn, and became equally celebrated for Reflections on the Augmentations of the British Peerage,
his loyalty and law-books. Jus Imaginis apud Anglos, &c., anon., 1798, 8vo. Tests of the National Wealth and
1671, Svo. Speculum Juris Anglicam, or a View of the Finances, 1798, 8vo. A new edit. of Theatrum Poetarum
Laws of England as they are divided into Statutes, Com-Anglicanorum by Phillips, (the nephew of John Milton,)
mon Law, and Customs, 1673, 8vo. Jus Sigilli, 1673. 1800, Svo. Le Forester; a Novel, 1802, 3 vols. Svo. Me-
Jus Criminis, 1675, 8vo. Camera Regis, 1696, 8vo. De- moirs of Peers in the reign of James I., 1802, 8vo. Cen-
cus et Tutamen, 1679, 8vo. Jura Coronæ, 1680, 8vo. Col- sura Literaria, containing Titles, Abstracts, and Opinions
lection of the Laws of England touching matters Crimi- of OLD ENGLISH BOOKS, 1805-09, 10 vols. Svo: a 2d edit.
nal, 1696, Svo. Ars Transferendi, 1679, Svo,
of only 100 copies was pub. in 1815, with a general index,
and a chronological arrangement of the titles. Copies of
this 2d edit. bave become so rare (1854) that a standing
and oft-repeated order of the writer's remained for two
years in London before it could be supplied. We know
of but one other copy in the city of Philadelphia, in the
library of Professor C. D. Cleveland, the intelligent author
of English Literature, and English Literature of the 19th
Century. A reprint in say four royal octavo vols., at about
a guinea per volume, we predict would have a good sale.
We also venture to suggest the reprinting of The British
Bibliographer, and Restituta. Thereby an important bene
fit would be conferred on the present generation. To thes
three valuable works Mr. Joseph Haslewood was a large
contributor. British Bibliographer, 1810-14, 4 vols. 8vo.
Restituta; or Titles, Extracts, and Characters of OLJ
Books in English Literature Revived, 1814-16, Svo. A new
edit. of Collins's Peerage of England, 1806-12, 9 vols. 8vo.
This book contains some very useful materials for the student's
legal reflections."
Non Compos Mentis, 1700, Svo. Lex Spuriorum, 1703,
8vo. Declaration relative to the Temporal Lords in Par-
liament, 1704, fol.
Bryden, William, D.D. Sermon, 1778, 8vo.
Brydges, Sir Grey, Lord Chandos, d. 1621, called,
"from his magnificent style of living," King of Cotswould,
is supposed to have been the author of Hora Subsecivæ,
Lon., 1626, 8vo. Wood ascribes this work to Gilbert,
Lord Cavendish. Malone is disposed to attribute it to
William Cavendish. Thomas Baker, Dr. White Kennet,
and Horace Walpole, consider its authorship a matter of
great doubt, and Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges is evidently
disposed to adopt it on behalf of the House of Chandos.
See this knotty point discussed in Park's Walpole's R. and
N. Authors, Brydges's Memoirs of King James's Peers,
and in Censura Literaria, 2d edit., yi. 192.
Brydges, Sir Harford Jones. Dynasty of the
Kajars, trans. from the Persian, 1833, 12mo. Account
of the Transactions of his Majesty's Mission to Persia,
1807-11, 2 vols. Svo, 1834.
"Sir Harford succeeded in his great object, and concluded a
treaty with Persia, when the French influence had already baffled
and driven away our English agent-Sir John Malcom."-MORIER.
Brydges, Hon. and Rev. Henry. Sermons, 1701, 09.
Brydges, Sir Samuel Egerton, 1762-1837, "a
man to all the book tribe dear," was a native of Wotton
Court, Kent. He was the second son of Edward Brydges,
Esq., of that place, by Jemima, daughter and co-heiress
of the Rev. William Egerton, LL.D., Prebendary of Can-
terbury. He was educated at the Grammar School at
Maidstone for four years, for five at the King's School,
Cambridge, and in 1780 was entered of Queen's College,
Cambridge. He was called to the Bar in 1787, but never
applied with much zeal to its duties. In 1812 he was
elected to Parliament from Maidstone, and continued a
member until 1818, when he removed to the continent,
where he remained residing at Paris, Geneva, in Italy, &c.,
until his death in 1837. We now come to notice a mat-
ter respecting which Sir Egerton (for so he is commonly
styled) permitted few of his readers to remain long igno-
rant. After the death of the last Duke of Chandos in
1790, Sir Egerton induced his brother, the Rev. Edward
Tymewell Brydges, to prefer a claim to the Barony of Chan-
dos, upon the ground of alleged descent from a younger
son of the first Brydges who wore that title. The House
of Peers pronounced its decision in 1803, "that the peti-
tioner had not made out his claim to the title and dignity
of Baron Chandos." This was a death-blow to the ambi-
tious hopes of the aspiring littérateur, and the effects of
his disappointment were permitted to mar many pages of
profound lore and rare beauty. It is not thought by those
best qualified to judge, that any injustice was done to him-
self or brother in the premises. Those who are curious
Those who are curious
on this subject can refer to Mr. G. F. Beltz's Review of
the Chandos Peerage Case, Lon., 1834, Svo, and to Sir
Egerton's edit. of Collins's Peerage. Sir Egerton, not-
withstanding this adverse decision, declared that he could
assert his rights by Common Law; and upon this presump-
tion he was wont to add to his signature "per legum Terræ
B. C. of S." But in 1814 he received a more substantial ho-
nour in the shape of a baronetcy. In his novel of Arthur
Fitz-Albini the reader will find recorded much of the author's
sombre experience. Like Lord Byron, whom in some re-
spects he resembled, Sir Egerton is continually presenting
his own woful visage in his gloomy galleries. As a writer
Sir Egerton has conferred substantial benefits on the lite-
rature of his country, especially in his researches in early |
English poetry. His publications were numerous: Son-
nets and Poerns, Lon., 1785-95; 4th edit., 1808, 8vo. The
celebrated EcпO AND SILENCE, so highly commended by
Wordsworth, appeared in this collection. The Topogra-
pher, a monthly miscellany, in conjunction with the Rev.
Stebbing Shaw, April, 1789, to June, 1791, 4 vols. 8vo. To-
pographical Miscellanies, 4to, 1792; only about 200 pages
printed. Mary de Clifford; a Novel, 1792, 1800, 8vo.
272
"The sensitive and gifted accuser, with inexhaustible powers to
charm and to instruct. has even stooped to the drudgery of editing
a Peerage of nine volumes, in order that a few of its pages might
transmit to posterity a record of his wrongs."
The Ruminator, a series of Moral, Critical, and Senti-
mental Essays, 1813, 2 vols. 8vo. The Sylvan Wanderer,
1813, Svo; 2d part, 1815. Letters on the Poor Laws, 1813,
Svo. Occasional Poems, 1814, Svo. Bertram, a Poem,
1815, Svo. Excerpta Tudoriana, or Extracts from Eliza-
bethan Literature, 1814-18, 2 vols. 8vo. Reasons, &c.,
relative to the Copy Right Act of Queen Anne, 1817. Po-
pulation and Riches, 1819. Coningsby, 1819.
1819. Ataviæ
Regia, 1820, 4to. Res Literariæ, 1820-21, 3 vols. 8vo.
The Hall of Hellingsey, 1821, 3 vols. 8vo. Libellus Ge-
bensis, 1822. Letters from the Continent, 1821, 8vo.
What are Riches? 1821, Svo. Polyanthea Librorum Ve-
tustiorum, 1822, 8vo. Letters on Lord Byron, 1824, 8vo.
Gnomica; detached Thoughts, 1824, Svo. Odo, Count of
Lingen, a Poem, 1824.
Lingen, a Poem, 1824. Theatrum Poetarum, 1824, 8vo.
Cimelia, &c., 1823. Recollections of Foreign Travel, 1825,
2 vols. 8vo. Stemmata Illustria, 1825, fol. Lex Terræ,
1831, 8vo. The Anglo-Genevan Critical Journal for 1831,
2 vols. 8vo. Expositions on the Parliamentary Reform
Bill, 1831, 8vo. Lake of Geneva, 1831, 2 vols. 8vo. Ven-
dica, 1832, fol. Imaginary Biography, 1834, 3 vols. De-
sultoria. 1842, 12mo. The Anti-Critic, 1822, Svo. A Note
on the Suppression of Memoirs announced by the Author
in June, 1825. Paris, 1825, 12mo. The Autobiography,
Times, Opinions, and Contemporaries of Sir Egerton
Brydges, 1834, 2 vols. 8vo. Many of these works, and
some not named, were pub. abroad, at Geneva, Florence,
&c. We do not enumerate all the works printed by Sir
Egerton at his private press at the mansion of his son,
Lee Priory, near Canterbury. A list will be found in
Martin's Catalogue of Privately Printed Books, pp. 379-
404; and see H. G. Bohn's Guinea Cat., 1841.
"The number of copies printed there has in no case exceeded one
hundred: and I have reason to believe that the complete sets fall
short of thirty.”—Sir Egerton Brydges to Dr. T. F. Dibdin.
See memoir in Lon. Gent. Mag. Not satisfied with this
hydra-headed catalogue of his works, to which others
might be added, our prolific author, who could write 2000
sonnets in one year, edited a number of works, and con-
tributed to the Gent. Mag. and other periodicals of the
day. Of the merits of his edition of Milton's poetical
works, we have a weighty certificate from a learned stu-
dent of Milton, the last editor of his poetical works:
"We are most deeply indebted to him for his labours of love
upon our great Epic; for no critic, not excepting Addison himself,
has had a more just appreciation of the genius of Milton, or has
criticised him with truer taste or sounder judgment.
consider, on the whole, the best edition of Milton.”—Cleveland's
English Literature of 19th Century, Philo., 1853.
This I
...
We append extracts from the reviews by the London
and Edinburgh Quarterlies of his Autobiography. It will
be observed that the difference of opinion is very con-
siderable:
"Those who like lively and spirited sketches of men and man-
ners, diversified with short critical digressions, sometimes wise,
always clever, will find a large fund of entertainment in these vo-
lumes. We have perhaps bestowed more space on them than some
readers may think they deserved; but the truth is, that Sir Egerton
3/4
BRY
BUC
Brydges possesses the temperament of genius in as high perfection
as any author of our times.”—Lm. Quarterly Review, 11. 363.
"The author before us is as intimately persuaded of the reality
of his powers, of the solidity of his reputation, as if the loud huz
zas of the literary world were borne to his retreat. The amabilis
insanía (the delusion is too proud, too strong for ordinary vanity)
cheats, soothes, flatters. to the verge of the abyss. All that criti-
cism could prove, all that neglect-severest of all critics-couldable
teach, fall vain and unheeded on the sons of a nature of this
mould. Nursed in the tastes and habits of genius, it mistakes
the tastes for the capacities; in the habits (making now no mis-
take) it feels its reward; and if the individual author were the
sole concern of the critic, here we might stop at once, leaving him
in unlimited possession of a delusion it would be idle and cruel
to destroy."-Elin. Review, lix. 439.
"In this singular work [Autobiography] there are lofty concep-
tions enough to form a poet, and moral wisdom enough to make a
sage. It is a book that to be estimated must be read with an ho
nest and true heart; much must be forgiven, and much over-
looked but after all that is offensive and all that is eccentric is
removed from the surface, there will remain a knowledge, a power,
a feeling, and a perseverance, that must inspire respect and admi-edit. was pub. in 1854.
ration. We hesitate not to say that in these volumes are some of
the most beautiful passages that are to be found in English prose."
--Lon. Gent. Mug., March, 1835.
Buchan, Alexander Peter, d. 1824, was a son of
the author of Domestic Medicine, which work he prepared
for its 21st edition; pub. Lon., 1813, Svo. The 29th Amer.
He also edited Armstrong on the
Diseases of Children, Lon., 1808, 8vo, and pub. some
works on Sea Bathing, the Warm Bath, &c., 1797-1818.
Buchan, Christiana. History of the Christian
Church to the 19th Century, Lon., Svo.
Brydone, Patrick, b. about 1743, d. 1818, a native
of Berwickshire. Travels through Sicily and Malta, Lon.,
1774, 2 vols. 8vo; dedicated to Mr. Beckford: trans. into
several foreign languages.
** The aim of the author has been rather to state facts, than ex.
press opinions."
"Liveliness of description of scenery and manners, couched in
Buchan, David Stewart Erskine, Lord Card-
ross, and Earl of, 1742-1829, an eccentric nobleman
an easy and elegant style. has rendered these volumes extremely of literary tastes, may perhaps be justly considered the
popular, notwithstanding they do not display much learning or
knowledge, and are even sometimes superficial and inaccurate."-
-STEVENSON.
founder of the Society of Antiquaries, Scotland. His
lordship contributed to the Trans. of this society, to
Grose's Antiquities of Scotland, the Gentleman's Maga-
zine, &c. In conjunction with Walter Minto, he pub.,
Edin., 1787, 4to, An Account of the Life, Writings, and
Inventions of Napier of Merchiston. An Essay on the
Lives and Writings of Fletcher of Saltoun and the poet
Thomson, with some pieces of Thomson never before pub-
lished, Lon., 1792, 8vo. He instituted an annual comme-
moration of Thomson. Other works.
Sir Walter Scott seems to have had a singular source of
consolation when attending his lordship's funeral: he re-
be
marks:
"At least I have not the mortification of thinking what a deal
of patronage and fuss Lord Buchau would bestow on my funeral."
This reflection will be better understood by reference to
Lockhart's Life of Scott.
Buchan, Peter. Account of the Family of Keith,
&c., Peterhead, 1820, 12mo. Gleanings of Scotch, Eng-
lish, and Irish, scarce old Ballads, Peterhead, 1825, 18mo.
A curious and valuable collection of songs, containing much
Remi-information relative to their localities and authors."-LOWNDES.
Mr. Brydone makes a sad exposure of ignorance in his
remarks on the Carronico Recupero:
These observations, in the present more advanced state of geo-
logy, are scarcely deserving of notice."
Mr. Brydone pub. some papers in Phil. Trans., 1757. '87.
Brydson, Thomas. A Summary View of Heraldry,
Edin., 1785, Svo.
"It is a pleasing circumstance to find elegance and liberal in-
formation thus happily connected with a science usually perplexed,
as Heraldry is, by technical terms and grotesque figures. The
historian and the poet, nay the lawyer and the politician, will
peruse it with pleasure."-British Critic.
"Deserving of being called the Philosophy of Heraldry.”.
LOWNDES.
"An elegant and entertaining work."-MOULE.
-
Observations respecting Precedency, Lon., 1812, 4to.
Bryer, James. Inoculation of Cow-Pox, Lon., 1802,
Svo. Probably by James Bryce.
Brymer, Thomas Parr. Sermon, Lon.. 1840, Svo.
Brymner, Alex. Con. to Med. Comm., 1775.
Bryn, M. Lafayette, M.D., of New York.
niscences of History. Daring Deeds of Women. Random
Shots. The Repository of Wit and Humour.
"There are hours when men need relaxation from the sterner
labours of life, both bodily and mental. In these seasons, such a
volume as the above is a desirable companion, and affords that re-
lief which the mind needs."
Bryskett, Lodowick.
Discourse of Civill Life, &c.,
Lon., 1606, 4to.
*
Spenser, the friend of the author. is introduced as one of the
colloquists in this Discourse, which Malone supposes to have been
composed between 1584 and 1589."
upon the contrary. The same view is taken of the cha-
racter of Richard III. as that advocated by Horace Wal-
An Eclog treating of
pole in his Historic Doubts.
Crownes and of Garlands, Lon., 1605, 4to. The Great
Plantagenet, Lon., 1635, 4to.
"This appears to be a reprint of the former, with very consider.
alterations, by some fellow who assumed his name.”—RITSON.
Buccleugh, Duke of. Con. to Edin. Phil. Trans.,
1788; a Register of the Weather for 10 years.
Buch, C. W. Trans. of K. R. Hagenbach's Compen-
dium of the History of Doctrines, 2 vols. Svo; being vols.
iii. and vi. of Clarke's Foreign Theol. Library.
"Distinguished for its brevity, its clear statements of the lead-
ing points. its great candour, its ample references to the body of
contemporaneous literature."-Bibliotheca Sacra.
Mourning Muse of Thestylis. Quoted by Todd in his
edit. of Milton. The Mourning Muses of Lod. Bryskett
upon the deathe of the moste noble Sir Philip Sidney,
Knight, Aug. 22, 1587. This poem will be found in Spen-
ser's works.
"To Bryskett, Spenser addresses the 23d sonnet in his Amoretti,
and to the same literary friend we probably owe much that has
descended to us of the incomparable Faëry Queen."-Rilson's
Bibling. Portica.
We extract a portion of the Sonnet to which Ritson refers:
"Great wrong I doe. I can it not deny,
To that most sacred Empresse, my dear dred,
Not finishing her Queene of Faëry,
That mote enlarge her living prayses, dead:
But Lodwick, this of grace to me aread:
Do ve not thinck th' accomplishment of it,
Sufficient worke for one man's simple head,
All were it, as the rest, but rudely writ ?"
Bryson, James. 13 Sermons, Belf.. 1778, Svo.
Bryson, T. Lectures on Rom. viii., 1795, 12mo.
"Spiritual and evangelical."-BICKERSTETH.
Bryton, Anne. Richmond; a Pastoral, Lon., 1780, 4to.
Buc, or Buck, Sir George, d. 1623, a native of
Lincolnshire, is commended by Camden as a person of ex-
cellent learning, who had "remarked many things in his
histories, and courteously communicated his observations
to him." The Third Universitie of England, Lon., 1615,
fol.; and afterwards appended to Stowe's Chronicles by
Howes. This work contains a history of the colleges and
schools of London. The Life and Reign of Richard III., |
Lon., 1646, '47; printed in Kennet's Hist. of England.
Malone denies this to be our author's, but Ritson insists
Witchcraft Detected and Prevented, or the School of
Black Art newly opened, Peterhead, 1826, 18mo. Scrip-
tural and Philosophical Arguments; or Cogent Proofs
from reason and revelation that Brutes have souls, Peter-
head, 1824, 12mo. Ancient Ballads and Songs of the
North of Scotland, 1828, 2 vols. 8vo.
Buchan, William, M.D., 1729-1805, was a native
of Ancrum, Scotland. Domestic Medicine, Lon.. 1769,
Svo. This work was received with such favour that it at-
tained its 19th edit. (S0,000 copies) in the lifetime of the
author. The 21st edit. was pub. by A. P. Buchan, M.D.,
in 1813. Svo, (later edits.,) and the 29th Amer. edit. in
1854. It has been translated into many European lan-
guages. The Empress of Russia honoured the author
with an autograph letter and a gold medal. Advice to
Mothers, Lon., 1803, Svo. Other profess, works.
Buchanan, Allan, d. 1749. Sermons on interesting
subjects, Edin., 1791, Svo.
Buchanan, Andrew. Rural Poetry, 1817, 12mo.
Buchanan, Charles. Sermons. 1710, 12mo.
Buchanan, Claudius, D.D., 1766-1815, a native of
Cambuslang, near Glasgow, Scotland, educated at Queen's
College, Cambridge, was distinguished for his laborious
efforts to introduce Christianity into India and other Bri-
tish possessions. Eight Sermons, Edin., 1812, Svo: of
these the most celebrated is The Star in the East, of which
a 7th edit., with three Jubilee Sermons, was pub. in 1810.
"Interesting sermons:-strongly marked by the various know-
ledge, the spirit of fervent yet rational piety, and of warm yet en-
lightened benevolence, which distinguish the writings of De
Buchanan."—Lon. Christian Observer.
Ecclesiastical Establishment for British India. Lon.,
1805, 4to. Christian Researches in Asia, Lon., 1811, Svo;
5th edit., 1812.
“A book that greatly tended to excite the present missionary
spirit.”—BICKERSTETH.
Remarks on the Christian Researches, by Major John
Scott Warring, Lon., 1812, Svo. An Apology for promot-
ing Christianity in India, Lon., 1813, 8vo.
Other publi.
cations. Memoirs of 'the Life and Writings of Dr. Clau
18
273
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dit 3 Buchanan, by Dr. Hugh Pearson, Lon., 1819, 2 vols.
Sv.; 5th edit., 1 vol. 12mo, 1846.
"Dr. Buchanan was an eminent instrument raised up of God
and honoured by him, to do much for the kingdom of our Lord
Jesus Christ in India, and to give a great impulse to the mission-
ary spirit that had been kindled in our own country. The Memoir
of his life is full both of valuable information and of profitable
Christian thoughts."-BICKERSTETH.
Buchanan, David, a Scotchman. Humanæ Animæ,
Paris, 1636, Svo. Histoire de la Conscience, 1638, 12mo.
A Short View of the Present Condition of Scotland, Lon.,
1645, 4to. Relation of some main Passages of Things
wherein the Scots are particularly concerned, from the
very first Beginning of these unhappy Troubles to this
day, Lon., 1645, 12mo.
Buchanan, David. To this gentleman we are in-
debted for the article "Aberdeen" in the 7th edit. Encyc.
Brit.
"We looked over the article on Aberdeen, and so correctly and
recently has it been written, that notice is taken of the improve-
ments in our harbour, which were begun the other day."-Aber-
deen Journal.
Buchanan, Francis. Journey from Madras through
the Countries of Mysore, Canara, and Malabar, Lon., 1807,
3 vols. 4to.
<:
Buchanan's Tour in the Mysore contains more valuable matter
than almost any other book of Travels. He was sent into the
countries he surveyed by order of Government, and, of course, en-
joyed singular advantages."-Renouard's communication to the
editors of the Mines de l'Orient.
“Much information, not well arranged or agreeably communi-
cated, on the most valuable productions of these districts, on their
climate, manufactures, and the manners, religion, &c. of their in-
habitants."—Stevenson.
Account of the Kingdom of Nepaul, &c. &c., by Francis
Hamilton, (formerly Buchanan,) 1819, 4to.
| General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, which gave
great dissatisfaction to many-it being alleged that, not-
withstanding his abilities and learning, being a layman,
he was unfitted for the post. He accompanied the Earl
of Moray to England, and whilst there addressed some
The
highly complimentary verses to Queen Elizabeth.
queen had no dislike to praise, especially from the pen
of the learned, and she settled upon him a pension of £100.
He had previously been appointed, in an assembly of the
Scottish nobility, tutor to King James VI., and he proved
his independence by conferring upon his youthful majesty
an application of the birch, the fame whereof has come
down to our day. He remarked of the Scottish Solomon,
that he "made him a pedant because he could make no-
thing else of him." He met with a severe loss in the death
of his patron, Moray, who was assassinated in 1570. In
the next year Buchanan was appointed one of the Lords
of the Council and Lord Privy Seal, which entitled him to
a seat in Parliament. For the last years of his life he
was much afflicted with, and confined to his house by, the
gout, and employed his leisure in the preparation of his
History of Scotland, which occupied him at intervals for
12 or 13 years. It was pub. in 1582, Edin., fol.
plainness of some of his strictures gave great offence to
the king, and the author was summoned to attend the
Council, but died before the appointed "day of compear-
ance."
The aged historian, who had led so troubled a life
from the malice of his persecutors, felt little apprehension
at this last display of hostility. When told that the king
was highly incensed at his De Jure Regni, and his Rerum
Scoti Historia, he replied that he
The
"Was not much concerned about that; for he was shortly going
to a place where there were few kings.”
He ordered his servant to give all his money to the
and said that if those who survived him
“The same character applies to this as the Tour in the Mysore
by the same author."-STEVENSON.
An Account of the Fishes in the Ganges, &c., Edin.,
1822, 4to. Con. to Trans. Linn. Society, 1798, 1800.
Buchanan, George, 1506-1581, an eminent histo-
rian and Latin poet, was a native of Killairn, county of
Stirling, Scotland. He was sent by his uncle, James
Heriot, to the University of Paris, where he applied him-
self to his studies with great diligence. After residing at
this seat of learning for two years, the death of his uncle
reduced him to such poverty, that he was obliged to leave
the University, and enlist as a common soldier in the army
of the Duke of Albany, then commanding the French
forces in Scotland, and regent of the kingdom. After a
few months' experience of military life, he attended the
lectures of the celebrated John Major, and matriculated
at the University of St. Andrew's. Major took his pupil
with him to France, and in 1526 procured for him a regency
in the College of St. Barbe, where he took B.A. in 1527,
and M.A. in 1528, and gave instructions in grammar; at
the same time acting as tutor to the young Earl of Cassils,
with whom he returned to Scotland. On the death of his
pupil, James V. appointed Buchanan preceptor to his
natural son, James, afterwards the Abbot of Kelso, who
died in 1548. Buchanan became un object of dislike to
the Franciscans by two satires-Somnium and Francis-
canus-directed against the licentious lives of some mem-
bers of this order. Franciscanus was written by command
of King James, who suspected several of the Franciscans
of disaffection. Buchanan was arrested on the charge of
heresy by Archbishop James Beaton, and confined in St.
Andrew's Castle, from whence he escaped to England.
Not meeting with encouragement from Henry VIII., he
next visited Paris, where he found his old enemy, Cardinal
Beaton. He now accepted a professorship in the College
of Guienne, at Bordeaux, where he resided for three years,
when he removed to Paris, and from 1544 to 1547 was a
regent in the College of Cardinal le Moine. In the latter
year he accompanied his friend Andrew Govea (late prin-
cipal of the College of Guienne) to Portugal. He remained
here unmolested until the death of Govea, when upon the
charge of heresy he was confined in the prison of the In-
quisition for a year and a half, from whence he was trans-
ferred to a monastery, to be educated in the faith of the
Church of Rome. He says that here he found the monks.
moral in their deportment, but altogether ignorant of reli-
gion. Whilst secluded in this monastery, he composed his
celebrated translation of the Psalms into Latin verse.
After regaining his freedom he visited England, Paris, and
Scotland, and was appointed by the Earl of Moray, Prin-
cipal of St. Leonard's College in the University of St. An-
drew's. He embraced the cause of the Regent Moray, and
wrote a Detection, &c., charging Queen Mary with adultery
and murder. In 1567 he was appointed Moderator of the
poor,
66
might let him lie where he was, or throw his corpse where they
Did not think proper to bury him at their own expense, they
pleased."
He was accordingly buried at the expense of the city
of Edinburgh. After a life of more than ordinary hard-
ship, thus was gathered to his fathers-and we trust to
that peaceful haven "where the wicked cease from trou-
bling, and the weary are at rest”—one of the most famous
scholars whom the world has ever seen.
Rudimenta Grammatices Thoma Linacri, &c., 1550.
This trans. was made whilst Buchanan was tutor to the
Earl of Cassils. Franciscanus, et alia Poemata, Bas., 1564,
Svo: 1594, Svo; Lugd. Bat., 1628, 24mo; Amst., 24mo,
and 1687, 12mo. Poemata et Tragediæ, 1609, Svo. Ane
Admonition direct to the treu Lordis maintenaris of the
King's Grace's authoritie, Stirling, 1571; Lon., by John
Day, 1571, Svo; 2d edit. 1571, 8vo. De Maria Scotorum
Regina, totaque eius contra Regem Conjuratione, fœdo
cum Bothuelo Adulterio, &c.; the same in the old Scotch
dialect under the title, Ane Detection of the duinges of
Marie Quene of Scottes, touchand the murder of hir hus-
band and hir conspiracie, adulterie, and pretended mar-
riage with the Erle Bothwell, &c.; anon, and sine anno;
circa 1572, supposed to have been printed by John Day,
London. If Buchanan is to be believed, there can be but
little doubt of the guilt of the fair Queen of Scots; but
Tragedia de Calumnia, Francf., 1579. Svo, and 1578, Lon-
this we no Baptistes, seu
dini. Tragedia Sacræ Jephthes et Baptistes, Paris, 1554,
4to; Genev., 1593, 8vo; Amst., 1650, 8vo. The trans. of
Baptistes, entitled Tyrannical Government anatomized,
&c., 1642, 4to, is attributed by Peck (see his Life of Milton,
Lon.. 1740, 4to) to the illustrious author of Paradise Lost:
see Lowndes's Bibl. Manual, i. 282. Euripides Alcestes,
&c., pub. 1816, Svo. Dialogus de Jure Regni apud Scotus,
Edin., 1579, 4to; in English, 1691, 12mo; Glasg., 1750.
This work greatly offended King James VI.; its political
sentiments are very liberal, and tend to republicanism. It
was answered by Adam Blackwood, Poict., 1580, '81, Svo,
(ride BLACKWOOD, ADAM.) Rerum Scoti Historia, apud
Alex. Arbuthnetum, Edin., 1582, fol.; in English, Lon.,
1690, fol.
•
In good modern English.”—BISHOP NICOLSON.
Trans. by William Bond, Lon., 1722, 2 vols. 8vo. The
14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th books of this history
were pub. in English, Lon., 1705, Svo, under the title of
An Impartial Account of the Affairs of Scotland, &c. Pa-
raphrasis Psalmorum Davidis Poetica, &c., Antw., 1567,
Svo; Lon., 1582, 16mo. De Prosodia Libellus, Edin., 1600)
Svo. For other publications of Buchanan's pieces, after
his death, see Watt's Bibl. Brit., Lowndes's Bibl. Manual,
Dr. Irving's Memoirs of his Life and Writings, &c. A
collective edition of his works was pub. by Thomas Rud
271
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diman, Edin., 1715, 2 vols. fo.., and another by Bur-lation of the Psalms, particularly of the 104th. This Psalın bas
mian, Lugd. Bat., 1725, 2 vols. 4to. As a Latin poet it been translated into Latin by nine Scottish poets. Eight of these
translations were printed at Edinburgh, 1699, 12mo, together with
would be difficult to praise Buchanan extravagantly. He
the Poetic Duel of Eglisem with Buchanan." GRANGER.
did more than imitate the classics: though "born out of
Mackenzie remarks that
due time," his family likeness was so strong, that a re-
inspection of his title-page could hardly convince you that
you were reading the production of a Scotchman of the
16th century. We quote some testimonies to his excellence
as a poet and an historian:
"Buchanan has excelled all his brethren in the splendour as
well as in the variety of his triumphs; he has rivalled the first fa-
vourites of the Roman Muse."
"Buchanan not only excelled all that went before him in his
own country, but scarce had his equal in that learned age in which
he lived. He spent the first flame and rage of his fancy in poetry,
in which he did imitate Virgil in heroics. Ovid in elegiacs, Lucre-
tius in philosophy, Seneca in tragedies, Martial in epigrams, Homer
and Juvenal in satires. He copied after those great masters so
perfectly, that nothing ever approached nearer the original: and his
immortal Paraphrase on the Psalms doth shew that neither the
constraint of a limited matter, the darkness of expression, nor the
frequent return of the same or the like phrases. could confine or
exhaust that vast genius. At last. in his old age, when his
thoughts were purified by long reflection and business, and a true
judgment came in the room of one of the richest fancies that ever
was, he wrote our History with such beauty of style, easiness of
expression, and exactness in all its parts. that no service or honour
could have been done the nation like it. had he ended so noble a
work as he begun. and carried it on till James the Fifth's death.
But, being unhappily engaged in a faction, and resentment working
violently upon him. he suffered himself to be so strangely biased
that in the relations he gives of many of the transactious of his
own time he may rather pass for a satirist than an historian."
Crawford's History of the House of Este: quoted by Mackenzie.
"It cannot be denied but Buchanan was a man of admirable
eloquence, of rare prudence, and of an exquisite judgment; he
has written the History of Scotland with such elegancy and po-
liteness that he surpasses all the writers of his age: and he has
even equalled the ancients themselves, without excepting either
Sallust or Titus Livius. But he is accused by some of being an
unfaithful historian, and to have shewn in his history an extreme
aversion against Queen Mary Stuart; but his masterpiece is bis
Paraphrase upon the Psalms, in which he outdid the most famous
poets among the French and Italians."-TEISSIER: Eloges des Hum-
mes Sivans, tome ii.
It is pleasing to quote the commendations of learned
foreigners: we give a few others:
"His style is fine and pure, and the historian appears everywhere
to speak the truth, as far as it was known to him.
He has
united the brevity of Sallust to the elegance and perspicuity of
Livy; for these were the two authors that he chiefly intended to
imitate: and I do not believe that any modern historian bath
better succeeded in imitating the historians of antiquity.”—LE
CLERC: Bibliothèque Choisie.
The celebrated Montaigne refers to Buchanan as one of
his domestic tutors, and the Marshal de Brissac sent to
Piedmont to invite him to become preceptor to his son
Timelou de Cosé. It is amusing to notice the continued
aversion of James VI. to Buchanan's History of Scotland.
In his Basilicon-Doron he recommends his son to be well
versed in authentic histories, but cautions him—
"I mean not of such infamous invectives as Buchanan's or
Knox's Chronicles: and if any of these infamous libels remain
until your days, use the law upon the keepers thereof.”
"Buchanan executed this translation with such inimitable
sweetness and elegancy, that this version of the Psalms will be
esteemed and admired as long as the world endures, or men have
any relish for poetry."-Scotch Writers.
"It is generally admitted that to Scotland belongs the honour
of having produced the finest Latin version of the Book of Psalins.
At a time when literature was far from common in Europe. Bu-
chanan, then a prisoner in a foreign land, produced a work which
has immortalized his name, and left scarcely any thing to be de
sired-as far as the beauties of diction and imagery are concerned
—in a translation of the sacred songs. It is not meant that he
has always faithfully represented the meaning of the original.
He had not. perhaps, a sufficient stock of Hebrew knowledge to
enable him to do so. His studies and attainments were more of
a classical than of a Biblical character; and his principal aim was
to clothe the sentiments of David in the elegant drapery of Horace
and Virgil. There are twenty-nine different kinds of measure in
the work. in all of which he shows how completely he was master
of the varied forms of Latin verse. In many of the Psalms he has
succeeded to admiration. The CIV. has frequently been selected
as one of the finest specimens of sublime poetry.... A transla-
tion of Buchanan's Psalms into English verse was published by
the Rev. J. Cradock, of Maryland, 1754, Svo.”—Orme's Bill. Bib.
We have seen that Charles followed his father's advice.
and lost his head by neglecting the principles of the old
schoolmaster's De Jure Regni. James never forgot the
flagellations by means of which Buchanan quickened his
intellectual perceptions. He used to remark, long after,
of an eminent individual, that he "ever trembled at his
approach it minded him so of his pedagogue."
Richard Harvey seems to have felt somewhat of the
same awe. In his Philadelphos, or a defence of Brutes
and the Brutans History, in answer to our author, he thus
excites his courage for the onslaught:
"Master Buchanan, though some call you the trumpet of Scot-
land, and some the noble scholler, yet I will be so hold as answere
your larum, touching the history of mighty Brute.”
"If we look into Buchanan, what can we say, but that the
learned author, with great command of Latin expression. has no
true relish for the emphatick conciseness and unadorned sim-
plicity of the inspired poet?"-DR. Beattie.
of a republic."-DR. GILBERT STUART.
"It has been reproached to this cultivated scholar that he gives
his sentiments with too much liberty. I am surprised that so
many critics have concurred in this censure. Is there a quality
in an author so honourable, so useful, as that of expressing what
he thinks? Is it proper that science and learning should be put
in prison, and dishonoured by confinement and fetters? Mise-
"His History is written with so much purity, spirit, and judg-rable is that nation where literature is under any form but that
ment, that it does not appear to be the production of a man who
had passed all his days in the dust of a school, but of one who
had been all his lifetime conversant in the most important affairs
of state. Such was the greatness of his mind, and the felicity of
his genius. that the meanness of his condition and fortune has not
hindered Buchanan from forming just sentiments of things of the
greatest moment, or from writing concerning them with a great
deal of judgment."-THUANUS: Hist.; vide Bavle's Dict. We need
hardly caution the reader against the ridiculous slanders quoted
by Bayle.
The treatise De Jure Regni apud Scotus is in the form
of a dialogue between Buchanan and Thomas Maitland.
The latter, represented as lately returned from his travels,
complains to the former of the proceedings against Mary,
Queen of Scots, for the alleged murder of her husband,
Lord Darnley. Buchanan justifies his countrymen, and
in the course of his arguments assumes grounds of a cha-
racter so democratic as to astonish the public mind of
Europe.
"This book of Buchanan's has been much traduced by some
good kind of men, and passes for a very pernicious work. But,
after a careful perusal. I cannot view it in this light: he only
teaches that kings are not above the laws that they have sworn
to. and that the people may oblige them to observe them, and that
without this ther are not bound to obey them."-LE CLERC:
Billiothèque Choisie.
"The dialogue of our illustrious countryman Buchanan, De
Jure Regni apud Scotus, though occasionally disfigured by the
keen and indignant temper of the writer, and by a predilection
(pardonable in a scholar warm from the schools of ancient Greece
and Rome) for forms of policy unsuitable to the circumstances of
modern Europe, bears, nevertheless. in its general spirit, a closer
resemblance to the political philosophy of the eighteenth century,
than any composition which had previously appeared.”—Dugald
STEWART: 1st Prelim. Diss, 7th edit. Encyc. Brit.
His Rerum Scoti Historia has, according to the different
politics of critics, elicited both warm commendation and
strong censure. Its literary merit is beyond all cavil.
We have already given some commendations of this work :
we subjoin a few others:
"In his old age he applied himself to write the Scots' History,
which he renewed with such judgment and eloquence, as no coun-
try can show a better."-ARCHBISHOP SPOTSWOOD.
But the archbishop disapproves of many of the his-
torian's sentiments, whilst he lauds the author's genius.
Dr. Robertson speaks much in the same strain :
"If his accuracy and impartiality had been, in any degree, equal
to the elegance of his taste, and to the purity and vigour of his
style, his history might be placed on a level with the most ad-
mired compositions of the ancients. But, instead of rejecting the
improbable tales of chronicle writers. he was at the utmost pains
to adorn them; and hath clothed with all the beauties and graces
of fiction, those legends which formerly had only its wildness and
extravagance."-History of Scotland.
"Buchanan is not sufficiently exact in his dates. nor does he
cite his authorities: in some parts of his history he is rather too
fond of the marvellous, and of putting fine speeches into the
mouths of his great men, in imitation of the ancient historians,
whose defects he has copied as well as their excellencies.”—LE
CLERC: Bibliothèque Choisie,
Conrig commends him as a man of exquisite judgment,
and Bishop Burnet declares that
George Eglisem had the effrontery to claim that his
translation of the Psalms was superior to Buchanan's, and
even appealed to the University of Paris to confirm the
justice of his criticisms on his illustrious rival. Hereupon
Barclay remarks, that
"It would be more difficult to find in Buchanan's translation
any verses that are not good, than it would be to find any in
Eglisem's that are not bad."
"The composition of his history betrays no symptoms of the
author's old age and infirmities: his style is not merely distin-
guished by its correctness and elegance-it breathes all the fervent
animation of youthful genius. The noble ideas which so fre-
quently rise in his mind, he always expresses in language of cop
The most applauded of Buchanan's poetical works is his trans-respondent dignity. His narrative is extremely perspinous, varie
"His style is so natural and nervous, and his reflections on
things are so solid, that he is justly reckoned the greatest and
best of our modern authors."-Hist, of the Reformation.
275
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gated, and interesting; it is seldom deficient, and never redundant. !
His moral and political reflections are profound and masterly. He
is ready upon all occasions to vindicate the unalienable rights of
mankind; and he uniformly delivers his sentiments with a noble
freedom and energy."-DR. IRVING, in Encyc. Bril.; q. v.
i
When the Latinity of the writers of the English tongne
is called in question by learned foreigners, it is no small
satisfaction to be able to direct their attention to the il-
lustrious poet of Scotland, of whom Bishop Burnet re-
marks that
"In the writings of Buchanan there appears, not only all the
beauty and graces of the Latin tongue, but a vigour of mind. and
quickness of thought, far beyond Bembo, or the other Italians,
who at that time affected to revive the purity of the Roman style.
It was but a feeble imitation of Tully in them. In his immortal
poems he shews so well how he could imitate all the Roman poets
in their several ways of writing, that he who compares them will
be often tempted to prefer the copy to the original.”—Hist. of the
Reformation.
|
We quote a few lines from an able and eloquent review of
Buchanan's writings, from Blackwood's Magazine, vol. iii.;
we commend the article to the attention of our readers:
"Of all the modern poets who have written in Latin, is there
one who has stamped upon his verses the impress of genius rioting
in its strength-the symbol of uncontrolled might-the full ma-
jesty of freedom? If such an one there be, who shall deserve, so
well, the name of a Prometheus-the rival of creators-the con-
queror of bondage? To those who doubt the power of genius to
overcome even these difficulties, and achieve even these tri-
umphs, we must address only one word-READ BUCHANAN.”
We are not a little surprised at Mr. Hallam's estimate
of the merits of Buchanan. Without denying him great
merit, he thinks him much overrated. In thus taking
ground against Henry Stephens, Scaliger, Baillet, and "all
France, Italy, and Germany," this eminent scholar displays
a commendable independence—the correctness of his judg-
ment is another question-and he very modestly remarks,
"As I have fairly quoted those who do not quite agree with my
self and by both number and reputation ought to weigh more
with the reader, he has no right to complain that I mislead his
taste.”—Lit. Hist. of Europe.
The distinguished critic considers that " Jonston's Psalms
do not fall short of those of Buchanan," and he prefers
the poem of the latter on the Sphere to any other of his
poetical productions. See Biog. Brit.; Chalmers's Life
of Ruddiman; Hume; Robinson and Stuart's Histories;
Laing's Hist. of Scotland; Mackenzie's Scotch Writers; Dr.
David Irving's Memoirs of Buchanan's Life and Writings.
Buchanan, George, M.D., President Royal Phy-
sical Society of Edinburgh. Treatise on the Typhus Fever,
Baltimore, 1789, Svo.
Buchanan, George. A Treatise on Road Making,
Railways, Wheel Carriages, and the Strength of Animals.
See a notice of this work in Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Buchanan, James. Linguæ Britannicæ vera Pro-
nunciato, 1757, 8vo. Other philolog. works, 1757-70, 12mo.
Buchanan, James, one of the ministers of the High
Church, Edinburgh. Tracts for the Times, Edin., 1843,
12mo. Comfort in Affliction, a Series of Meditations,
1837, 8vo.
"A most valuable work. which I would affectionately recommend
to every Christian mourner."-REV. HUGH WHITE: Meditations.
"They abound with all the characteristics of Mr. Buchanan's
richly-endowed, highly-cultivated, and thoroughly-matured mind."
-Presbyt. Review.
G
Improvement of Affliction, a sequel to the above, Edin.,
1848, 8vo;
"The utmost simplicity, combined with exquisite beauty and
elegance of composition, the most natural and obvious, yet full
and comprehensive, views of revealed truth, characterize the vo-
lume."-Church of Scotland Magazine.
The Office and Work of the Holy Spirit, Edin., 8vo; 4th
ed., 1843.
"Over these pages we are persuaded many a reader will linger,
as the diversified features of the divine administration are por-
trayed, and, closing the volume reluctantly, will wonder what
ecstatic interest the personal narrative of redeemed spirits in im-
mortality must possess, since their partial recital on earth gives
rise to such a fountain of feeling."-Cmgregational Magazine.
Buchanan, James. Sketches of the History. Man-
ners, and Customs of the North American Indians, 1824,8vo.
"The author is absolutely without any qualifications whatever
for the task he has undertaken."-Lm. Quarterly Review.
Buchanan, John. Two Assize Sermons, 1793, 8vo.
Buchanan, John Lanny. Travels in the Western
Hebrides from 1782 to 1790, Lon., 1793, 8vo.
"A statistical account, containing much interesting information,
written expressly to point out means of improvement.”—LOWNDES.
A Defence of the Scots Highlanders against Pinkerton,
Lon., 1794, Svo. The author opposes Pinkerton's theory
as to the early history of the Scots nation. A General
View of the Fisheries of Great Britain, Lon., 1794, 8vo.
Buchanan, Robert, D.D., of Glasgow. The Ten
Years' Conflict, being the History of the Disruption of the
Church of Scotland, Edin., 1849, 2 vols. 8vo.
•
"For a complete and full study of the Scottish Church question,
as it has been termed. Dr. Buchanan's elaborate and able work
furnishes ample materials. .. In a literary point of view, the
work is one of very high merit. . . . A work produced at such a
time, and by one so amply qualified, cannot fail to go down to
future ages as a full and authentic record of the recent remarkable
controversy, bearing the stamp of the high moral courage which
braved the severest possible test, and the moral veracity in which
that test found no flaw.”—North British Review.
"A clear and masterly exposition of the causes which led to the
'Conflict, and the varied aspects which it exhibited from its com-
mencement, in 1833, to its issue in 1843.”—Evangelical Mag.
Buchanan, Robertson, Civil Engineer. Essays
on Mill Work, &c., 1814, 3 vols. 8vo.; 2d edit., 1823, Svo.
Other profess. works, 1807-16.
Buchanan, William, of Auchmar. Essay upon the
Family and Surname of Buchanan, Glasg., 1723, 4to;
Edin., 1775, Svo; the latter contains additional matter.
Buchanan, William. Reports of certain remark-
Court of Justiciary, 1813, Svo.
able Cases in the Court of Session, and Trials in the High
Buchanan, William. Memoirs of Painting, Lon.,
A valuable work.
1824, 2 vols. Svo.
Buck, Adam. 100 Engravings from Paintings and
Greek Vases. Lon., 1812, Svo.
Buck, Charles, 1771-1815, an exemplary minister,
was successively stationed at Sheerness, Hackney, and
London. Anecdotes, Religions, Moral, and Entertaining,
Lon., 1799, 12mo; 6th edit., corrected, 1815, 2 vols. 12mo;
vol. 3, 1816, 8vo; 10th edit., 1842, 12mo; 1 vol.
"The best collection of facts of this nature ever formed in the
English language. . . . The work will afford valuable assistance
to the religious teacher in his intercourse with mankind.”—Dr. E.
WILLIAMS.
A Theological Dictionary, Lon., 1802, 2 vols. 8vo; 1821,
8vo, and since much improved by Rev. Dr. Henderson;
1847, 8vo; pp. 788.
"A very excellent and useful book, the result of much labour
and investigation, and a remarkable talent for clearness of defiri-
tion and description. The diligence of the author has rendered it
very copious; and the soundness of his understanding has made
it abundantly instructive. It is in general free from bigotry, and
may be used advantageously by Protestants of all descriptions, and
indeed by all Christians."-British Critic.
it contains is sound and comprehensive."-DR. E. WILLIAMS.
“On theological and ecclesiastical subjects the information which
Other works.
Buck, Daniel Dana, b. 1814, in New Hampshire,
Theological writer. Exposition of the 24th Chap. of Mat-
thew, Svo, 1853.
Buck, Sir George. See Buc.
Buck, J. W. Reports of Cases in Bankruptcy from
1816 to 1820, Lon., 1821, r. Svo.
Buck, or Bucke, James.
Lon., 1639, '60, 4to.
Theological treatises,
"One of those great and good men whose works will ever be held
in high estimation by those who are on their way to Zion with
their faces thitherward.”
Buck, Maximilian. Sermons, 1703, '04, '18, 8vo.
Buck, Robert. Sermon, Matt. vi. 13, Svo.
Buck, Samuel and Nathaniel. Views of Ruins
of the most noted Castles and Abbeys in England, Lon.,
1721, 3 vols. fol. Antiquities, or Venerable Remains of
above four hundred Castles, Monasteries, Palaces, &c., in
England and Wales, Lon., 1774, 3 vols. fol.; first pub.
1727-40 in sets. An original subscription set was sold-
Beckford, in 1817-for £53 118.
Bucke, Charles, 1781-1847, a native of Worlington,
Suffolk, England. The Beauties, Harmonies, and Sub-
larged, 1837, 3 vols. 8vo.
limities of Nature, Lon., 4 vols. Svo; new edition, en-
เ
"One of the most beautiful works I ever read; it stands at the
very head of its class in modern times.”—Sir James MACKINTOSH.
"What has been said of Lord Bacon may, with great truth, be
applied to Mr. Bucke. that his feeling for Nature was the main
side on which his philosophy ran into poetry, and vented itself in
a very graceful, as well as grand, enthusiasm, befitting one of the
High-Priests of Wisdom."-Lon. Literary Chronicle.
Book of Human Character, Lon., 2 vols. 12mo.
"It is no exaggeration to say, that to have read the books re
ferred to, and quoted from, in this olio, must have been the work
of a man's life. The very names of the poets, philosophers, and
painters. scattered through the volumes, render them precious."-
Lon. Athenæum.
"Of his style nothing can be said but in praise."-Lon. Monthly
Review.
The Book of Table Talk, Lon., 2 vols., 12mo.
"This entertaining book is just one to take up, read a bit of, and
lay down, at any idle hour."-Lm. Literary Guzelte.
"The spiritual attribute of Table-talk is to be amusing; and the
volumes before us are rich in that quality."-Lon. Athenæum.
Buckeridge, or Buckridge, John, D.D., d. 1631,
educated at, and Fellow of, St. John's College, Oxf., and
made President thereof, 1605; Canon of Windsor, 1606;
Bishop of Rochester, 1611; translated to Ely, 1626. Ser-
276
BUC
BUC
mon on Romans xiii. 5, Lon., 1606, 4to. De Potestate
Papæ in Rebus Temporalibus, &c., Lon., 1614, 4to.
"In which book he hath so shaken the papal monarchy, and its
superiority over kings and princes, that none of the learned men
of that did ever
a reply unto it."-Athen. Ozon.
Bishop Buckeridge printed some other sermons, 1618, &c.
Buckham, P. W. Remarks on the Phytolacca Do-
decandra, or Mustard-Tree of the Lon., 1827, 8vo.
"Mr. Frost's hypothesis is controverted with much learning
and ingenuity by the Rev. Mr. Buckham, who argues that the
tree intended is the common mustard-tree, and who has collected
numerous passages from ancient botanical writers, and from mo-
dern travellers and botanical authors, in support of his argument.
-T. II. HORNE.
""
See Sir Thomas Browne's view of this subject in his Mis-
cellanies: Works, edited by Wilkin, pub. by H. G. Bohn,
Lon., 1853, 3 vols.
Buckhurst. See SACKVILLE.
Buckingham, Duke of. See VILLIERS.
Buckingham and Chandos, Duke of. Memoirs
of the Court and Cabinets of George the Third; from Ori-
ginal Family Documents, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed.
"A very remarkable and valuable publication. The Duke of
“A very remarkable and valuable publication. The Duke of
Buckingham has himself undertaken the task of forming a history,
from the papers of his grandfather and great-uncle, the Earl Tem-
ple (first Marquis of Buckingham) and Lord Grenville, of the days
of the second Wm. Pitt.. The duke has moulded his material
with no ordinary ability and skill."-Lon. Times.
..
These volumes are a treasure for the politician and a mine of
wealth for the historian.”—Britannia.
¦
·
Buckingham, James Silk, b. 1786, at the village
of Flushing, near Falmouth, England; died in London,
"He established in London the Oriental Herald,
1855.
which became the precursor of several similar journals,
and the Athenæum, which is now the leading literary
journal among those which are published weekly." He
was well known to the world as a lecturer, Member of
Parliament, and especially as an enterprising traveller.
Travels in Palestine, Lon., 1822, 2 vols. 8vo.
"This work is both interesting and valuable in more than
ordinary degree. It suggests some important corrections of
graphical errors, and adds considerably to our knowledge of the
less-frequented regions. Mr. Buckingham is a very clever, observ
ant, and meritorious traveller."-Lon. Eclectic Review.
Travels among the Arab Tribes inhabiting the Countries
east of Syria and Palestine, &c., 1825, 4to. Travels in
Mesopotamia, &c., 1827, 4to; 2d ed., 2 vols. 8vo.
(6
'One of the most valuable contributions that have been made
in modern times to a knowledge of the ancient and modern state
of Asia."-Lon. Globe.
Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, 1829, 4to; 2d
ed., 1830, 2 vols. 8vo.
Buckland, Ralph, b. about 1564, d. 1611, a native
of West Haptre, Somersetshire, was entered of Magdalene
College, Oxford, 1579, became a Roman Catholic, and spent
sent as a missionary to England, where he laboured for
seven years in Douay College, was ordained priest, and
twenty years. A Trans. of the Lives of the Saints, from
Surius. A Persuasive against Frequenting Protestant
Churches, 12mo. Seven Sparks of the Enkindled Flame,
12mo: for an account of Archbishop Usher's sermon on
this book, sec Athen. Oxon. An Embassage from Heaven,
gro. De Persecutione Vandalica; a trans. from the Latin
of Victor. Bishop of Biserte or Utica
Buckland, The Very Rev. William, Dean of West-
geominster, 1784-1856, b. at Axminster, Devon, educated at
and Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, was appointed
Reader in Mineralogy in 1813, Reader in Geology, 1816,
Dean of Westminster, 1845. The devotion with which Dr.
B. has pursued his favourite subject is well known to the
world. Vindicia Geologica; or, The Connection of Geology
with Religion Explained, pp. 38. Reliquiæ Diluvianæ; or,
Observations on the Organic Remains contained in Caves,
Fissures, and Diluvial Gravel, and on other Geological Phe-
nomena, attesting the Action of an Universal Deluge, Lon.,
1823, 4to. Geology and Mineralogy consulered with Refer-
ence to Natural Theology; 2d ed., 1837, 2 vols. 8vo: vol.
i., Geology and Mineralogy; vol. ii., Plates, with explana-
tions: Bridgewater Treatise. The £1000 received by the
learned and liberal Dr. B. are said to have been expended
by him on the plates of this work. Read a review of the
same in the Lon. Quarterly Review, lvi. 31, where many
quotations are given from the volume:
"This volume may be pronounced more interesting than any of
Mr. Buckingham's former Travels, as it chiefly consists of personal
narrative."-Lon. Monthly Review.
Tour of Belgium, Rhine, Switzerland, &c., 2 vols. 8vo.
Tour in France, Piedmont, Lombardy, &c., 2 vols. 8vo.
National Evils and Practical Remedies, Svo. Coming
Era of Reform, Svo. Evils of the Present System of Popu-
lar Elections, 12mo. Parliamentary Evidence on Drunken-
ness, Svo. Sketch of his Voyages, Travels, Writings, &c.
Svo. America: Historical, Statistic, and Descriptive, viz.:
Northern States, 3 vols.; Eastern and Western States, 3
vols.; Southern or Slave States, 2 vols.; Canada, Nova
Scotia, New Brunswick, and the other British Provinces in
North America, 1 vol.; together, 9 vols. Svo, Lon. 1841-43.
"A very entire and comprehensive view of the United States,
diligently collected by a man of great acuteness and observation."
—Lm. Literary Gazette.
1
“Mr. Buckingham goes deliberately through the States, treating
of all, historically and statistically, of their rise and progress,
their manufactures, trade, population, topography, fertility, re-
sources, morals, manners, and education. Ilis volumes will be
found a storehouse of knowledge.”—Lon. Athenæum.
"I am able to bear a witness's testimony to the accuracy of the
first three volumes of your work on America, which were my com-
panions in my recent travels through that country; and I found
that their truth, research, and general impartiality, independently
of higher results, made them most useful and satisfactory guides
and text-books.... You have so fully occupied the whole ground
that my abstaining from treading in your footprints cannot fail
to be generally acquiesced in.”—Lord Morpeth to the Author.
Autobiography, 1855, 2 vols. p. Svo. His death occur-
ring at this time, the third and fourth volumes, which
were ready for the press, were not published. The MS.
journals of his various travels occupy 28 folio volumes
closely written.
Buckingham, Joseph T., b. 1779, at Windham,
Connecticut, is extensively known in the United States as
a journalist of great experience. From 1802 to '15 he
was a publisher in Boston, and from 1805 to '14 issued
The Polyanthus, a monthly magazine. Mr. B. has also
been connected with The Ordeal, pub. for six months in
1809; The Comet, 1814-15; The New England Galaxy
and Masonic Magazine, 1817-28; The Boston Courier,
1824-48; The New England Magazine, 1832-36. 1. Speci
mens of Newspaper Literature, with Personal Memoir
Anecdotes, and Reminiscences, Bost., 1850, 2 vols. 12mo.
2. Personal Memoirs and Recollections of Editorial Life.
Bost., 1852, 2 vols. 16mo. These works should be in every
American library, and may also claim the attention of the
English collector, as embodying a history of British Colo-
nial periodical literature.
申
​Buckingham, Thomas, d. 1731, minister at Con-
necticut, pub. an Election Sermon, entitled Moses and
Aaron, in 1728.
Buckland, A. C. Letters on Early Rising. Letters
Lon., 1844, 12mo.
to an Attorney's Clerk; completed by W. H. Buckland,
"Among all the kind advisers who have undertaken to teach the
young attorney how to rise, Mr. Buckland is perhaps the most
Beusible and valuable."-Lon. Monthly Review.
Buckland, Francis T., Assistant-Surgeon 2d Life-
Guards, eldest son of the late Dr. W. Buckland, the geolo-
tural History, 1858, 1 vol. fp. Svo, illustrated. Third edi-
gist, b. 1823, was educated at Oxford. Curiosities of Na-
tion published within six months of its first appearance.
Buckland, John. Sermon, Lon., 1809, 4to.
"We must here, however unwillingly, bring to a conclusion our
quotations from this most instructive and interesting volume, of
which every page is pregnant with facts inestimably precious to the
acknowledgments to Dr. Buckland for the industry and research
natural theologian, offering, as we unfeignedly do, our sincere
he has devoted to the performance of his task, and for the com-
mauding eloquence with which he has called forth the very stocks
and stones that have been buried for countless ages in the deep re-
cesses of the earth. to proclaim the universal agency throughout
all time of one all-directing, all-pervading Mind, and to swell the
chorus in which all creation hymns his praise' and bears witness
to his unlimited power, wisdoni, and benevolence."
See also Dubl. Univ. Mag.. viii. 692, and, for a notice of
Reliquiæ Diluvianæ, Chris. Month. Spec., vi. 415.
Some
strictures upon Dr. Buckland's theory of the Caves, pro-
posed in the Reliquiæ Diluvianæ, will be found in the Rev.
George Bugg's Scriptural Theology, Lon., 1827, 2 vols. Svro.
See Fairholme's Phys. Demons., &c. of the M. Deluge,
Lon., 1838, Svo. Dr. B. pub. in 1839 The Sentence of Death
at the Fall.
at the Fall. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Sept. 1856, 384.
Buckle, Henry Thomas. History of Civilization
in England, 1857: vol. i.. Svo, pp. 860. Censured in Lon.
Athen.. 1857, $50. Reviewed in North British Review,
July, 1858. Vol. ii. pub. 1858: N. York, 1858, 2 vols. Svo,
This work has been unfavourably noticed in several of the
British quarterlies, and commended by Lon. Month. Mag.,
Bost. Christian Examiner, &c.
Buckle, R. Bentley, Archdeacon of Dorset.
Charge to the Clergy in June, 1843, Dorches., 1843, Svo.
Buckle, William. A Catechism compiled from the
12mo.
Book of Common Prayer, Lon., 1807,
Buckler, Benjamin, D.D., 1716-1780, was educated
at Oriel College, Oxford. He became a Fellow of All Souls'
College, where he proceeded B.D., 1755, D.D., 1759. He
277
BUC
BUD
assisted his friend Sir William Blackstone in his researches
respecting the rights of Fellowship, &c. in All Souls' Col-
lege, and drew up the Stemmata Chicheleana, or a Genea-,
logical Account of some of the Families derived from
Thomas Chicele, of Higham Ferrars; forming, with the
Supplement, 2 vols. 4to in 1, Oxford, 1765-75. A Com-
plete Vindication of the Mallard of All Souls' College,
Lon., 1750, 8vo. For an account of this amusing contro-
versy, see Chalmers's Biog. Dict., and Nichols's Lit. Anec-
dotes. A Reply to Dr. Huddesford's Obs., Oxf., 1756, 4to.
Sermons, 1769.
Buckler, Edward. Queries on the Oath, Lon., 1647, fol.
Buckler, E. H. Views of Southwell Church, Lon., fol.
Buckler, John Chessell. Views of the Cathedral
Churches of England and Wales, Lon., 1822, r. 4to. Obs.
on the Original Architecture of St. Mary Magdalen College,
Oxford, &c., Lon., 1823, Svo.
“A tract containing much information on early architecture."
LOWNDES.
Buckler, Thomas H., M.D. Etiology, Pathology,
and Treatment of Fibro-Bronchitis and Rheumatic Pneu-
Loria, Phila., 1853, Svo.
Buckley, Francis. Trial of Col. Andrews, Lon.,
1660, 4to.
Budd, Edward. Political tracts, 1809, '10.
Budd, George, M.D.. Prof. of Medicine in King's
College, Lon. Treatise on Diseases of the Liver, Lon., 8vo;
2d ed., 1852. 2 Amer. edits. Lectures on the Organic Dis-
cases and Functional Disorders of the Stomach, Lon., Svo.
"We cannot too strongly recommend the diligent study of this
volume. The work cannot fail to rank the name of its author
among the most enlightened pathologists and soundest practi-
tioners of the day.”—Medico-Chirurgical Review.
practical treatise on the nature, use, and due improvement of p
tism. Mr. Budd's is a valuable treatise, full of devout evangelical
and original remarks."-BICKERSTETH.
Budd, R. H. The Foot of the Horse, 1816, 8vo.
Budd, Thomas Allibone, an eminent lawyer of
Philadelphia, has pub. several addresses, &c., and is the
author of the Life of John Dickinson, in the National
Portrait-Gallery of Distinguished Americans.
Oxford, 1582, was made Doctor in Civil Law, 1602, Prin-
Budden, John, 1566–1620, entered Merton College,
cipal of New Inn, 1609, and shortly after King's Professor
of Civil Law, and Principal of Broadgate's Hall. Life of
William of Waynflete, founder of Magdalen College, in
Latin, Oxon., 1602, 4to; also the Life of Archbishop Mor-
ton, Lon., 1607, Svo. A Discourse for Parents Honour and
the French of Peter Frodius. He also made some trans-
Authority over their Children, Lon., 1614, Svo, trans. from
lations from the Latin.
"He was a person of great eloquence, an excellent rhetorician
philosopher, and a most noted civilian."-Athen. Oxon.
Budd, Henry, Rector of White-Roothing. The Con-
demned Cell, 1813. Considering the Poor, 1813. Silent
Preacher, 12mo. Baptismal Education, 2 vols. 12mo.
Infant Baptism the Means of National Reformation, 1827,
'39. 41, 12mo.
“Invaluable as are the incidental topics in Mr. Budd's book, it
is too discursivo exactly to answer that which seems desirable,-a
of St. George's, Everton, near Liverpool. Forty-two ser
Buddieom, Robert Pedder, d. 1846, incumben
mons. Lon., 1836, 2 vols. 12mo. Friendship with God,
1839, 2 vols. 12mo. Other theological works.
Buckley, J. W. Sermons, Brighton & Lon., 1843–50.
Buckley, Saml. Letters to Dr. Mead concerning a
new edit. of Thuanus's History, Lon., 1728, Svo. Thuani
Historiarum, &c. per Sam. Buckley, Lon., 1733, 7 vols.
Buckley, Theodore William Alois, 1825–1856;
educated at Oxford, where he was greatly distinguished
for his learning; became one of the chaplains of Christ
Church, Oxford, and subsequently removed to London,
where he edited for the booksellers a number of the Greek
and Latin classics, &c., (some of which he also translated
into English,) and several English works. He also contri-
buted largely to periodicals. See Lon. Gent. Mag., March,
Buddo, John. Essay, &c., 1801, '03, Svo.
Budge, J. Practical Miner's Guide, 1825, r. 8vo.
Budge, Joseph. Middlesex Elections, 1802, '04.
Budgell, Eustace, 1685-1736, a son of Gilbert Bud-
gell, D.D., a native of St. Thomas, near Exeter, was edn-
cated at Christ Church, Oxford. Removing to London, he
was entered of the Middle Temple, his father having se-
lected the Law as a suitable profession for the display of
the uncommon abilities of his son. But the young man
had acquired a literary taste, which interfered with the
1856, 314-316.
Buckman, James, in conjunction with C. N. New-requisite application to his new duties. He lacked suffi-
marsh, Esq., has favoured the public with illustrations of cient self-denial to indite a Farewell to his Muse, (see
the Remains of Roman Art in Cirencester, the site of BLACKSTONE, SIR WILLIAM,) and was far more disposed to
Ancient Corinium, 8vo and 4to. See Lon. Archæol. Jour. cultivate her acquaintance. He had the good sense to seek
Buckminster, Joseph, d. 1792, aged 72, a minister an intimacy with Addison, also, first cousin to Budgell's
of Rutland, Massachusetts, pub. several discourses, 1759, &c. mother, and his celebrated relative, who had been ap-
Buckminster, Joseph, 1751-1812, son of the pre- of Ireland, gave him a clerkship in his office. Budgell
pointed Secretary to the Earl of Wharton, Lord Lieutenant
ceding, a minister of Portsmouth, Mass., pub. some occa- had now secured a position which with ordinary prudenco
sional serms., 1787-1811. See LEE, MRS. ELIZA B., No. 4. would have insured him literary distinction and social ad-
Buckminster, Joseph Stevens, son of the pre-
ceding, 1784-1812, a native of Portsmouth, New Hamp-Vantages seldom accorded to one so young, but he unfortu-
shire, displayed uncommon literary abilities at a very early nately possessed a captious and quarrelsome disposition,
age. He entered Harvard College in 1797, took B.A. 1800, miserable in life, and was the cause, in connection with
stimulated by an inordinate vanity, which rendered him
and was appointed minister of the Brattle Street Unitarian
Society in Boston, 1805. His ill health obliged him to travel an alleged crime, of a disgraceful death by his own hand.
in Europe in 1806-07. In 1811 he was appointed First Prof. He drowned himself in the Thames in 1736. His unhappy
of Biblical Criticism at Cambridge, but died before he had temper was continually marring the zealous efforts of Ad-
entered upon his duties. As a preacher and accomplished Earl of Sunderland found it impossible to aid one who
dison for his advancement. The Duke of Bolton and the
scholar, Mr. Buckminster attained, although so young in
years, great reputation. In 1808 he superintended an
was always fighting against himself by abuse of those who
Amer. ed. of Griesbach's Greek Testament, and contem-lost above £20,000 in 1720 in the famous South Sea scheme.
were disposed to serve him. To add to his troubles, ho
plated further labours in the same field. His Serms. were Before Budgell had attained his majority he contrib ed
pub. in 1814, (Lon., 1827,) and a second vol. in 1829. His several papers to The Tatler. It is not known which these
works, with Memoir, were pub. in London, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Buckminster, Thomas. Right Christian Calendar,
Lon., 1570, 8vo. New Almanacke, Lon., 1583, 8vo.
Bucknall, Thomas. The Orchardist, Lon., 1797, 8vo.
Buckner, John, Bishop of Chichester. Sermons,
1798, 1800, '02, '12. A Charge, 1797.
Buckridge, Thomas, Rector of Merrow, Surrey,
Six Sermons, Lon.. 1767, Svo.
Buckridys. Letter on Conformity, Lon., 1704, fol.
Buckworth, J., Vicar of Dewsbury, Yorkshire.
Twenty Discourses on Doctrinal, Experimental, and Prac-
tical Religion, Leeds, 1812. 12mo.
were.
To The Spectator he contributed the following
papers, according to the enumeration of Dr. Drake, (dis-
tinguished by "X" in the first seven volumes,) Nos. 67,
319, 325, 331, 337, 341, 347, 353, 359, 365, 373, 379, 385,
77, 116, 150, 161, 175, 197, 217, 277, 283, 301, 307, 313,
also a letter signed Eustace, in No. 539, to which list Dr.
389, 395, 401, 506, 564, 573, 581, 591, 599, 602, 605, 628;
Bissett adds 570. To The Guardian, Nos. 25, 31.
Buddle, George. Evangelical Fasts, Lon., 1699, 4to.
Buddle, John. Treatises on Accidents in Coal Mines,
1814-17; the Wire-Gauze Safe-Lamp.
In 1730 he became a contributor to The Craftsman, the
formidable opponent of Sir Robert Walpole's administra-
tion. See BOLINGBROKE, LORD. Towards the close of
1732, he commenced a weekly magazine entitled The Bee,
which extended to 100 numbers, forming 8 vols. 8vo.
About this time occurred an event alluded to previously,
which elicited one of the most poignant epigrams of Pope.
Dr. Matthew Tindal was an intimate friend of our author's,
and the latter is supposed to have had something to do
with the publication of Tindal's Christianity as old as the
Creation. The Dr. in his will charged Budgell to give to
the world the second part of this infamous piece, and be
also bequeathed to him the sum of £2100. Tindal's ne-
phew disputed the will, and it was set aside, not without
great injury to Budgell's character. The latter some time
before had attacked Pope in consequence of a piece pub-
lished in the Grub-Street Journal, which he attributed to
the author of the Dunciad. Pope conceived that the op-
portunity for revenge had now arrived, and in the kro-
278
BUD
BUL
logue to his Satires thus stereotyped the alleged crime of
his opponent:
Let Budgell charge low Grub-Street on my quill,
And write whate'er he please except my will.”
Budgell's translation from the Greek of Theophrastus's
Characters, pub. 1713, was so creditable as to elicit the
warm commendation of Addison in the 39th number of
The Lover. In 1732 he pub. Memoirs of the Lives and
Characters of the Family of the Boyles, particularly of
CHARLES, EARL OF ORRERY, (q. v.) This work contains
much valuable information concerning Irish affairs. The
humorous Epilogue to Ambrose Philips's Distressed Mo-
ther, which was one of the most popular productions of
the day, and kept possession of public favour for many
years, although attributed to Budgell, is said to have been
written by Addison. In addition to the works enumerated,
he pub. a number of political and other pieces, and some
Poems which are now entirely neglected. Budgell's style
is considered to be a very happy imitation of that of his
friend Addison; and Dr. Johnson declares that “Addi-
son wrote Budgell's papers, or at least mended them so
much that he made them almost his own"-but this opinion
seems to have no higher authority than the endorsement
of a loose surmise.
"To have entered with perfect accuracy into the conception and
keeping of a character so original as that of Sir Roger de Coverley,
is the still greater merit of Budgell. In this respect he is cer-
tainly superior to Steele; and his description of The Hunt in No.
116, in which the knight makes so delightful and appropriate a
figure, is a picture that we would not exchange for volumes of me-
diocrity. The humour and wit of Budgell appear to advantage
in several of his communications; especially in his Observation
on Beards, (Spectator, No. 331;) on Country Wakes, (No. 161;) in
his relation of Will Honeycomb's Amours, (No. 359:) and in his
detail of the effects of the Month of May on Female Chastity, (Nos.
365 and 395.) On this last subject he has copied the graceful com-
position and sly humour of Addison with peculiar felicity; and
his admonitions to the fair sex during this soft and seductive sea-
son, combine such a mixture of pleasing imagery, moral precept,
and ludicrous association, as to rende the essays which convey
them some of the most interesting in the Spectator."-Drake's
Essays, vol. iií.
Budgell, Gilbert. Sermon, Lon., 1690, 4to.
Budgen, John. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1721.
Budgen, Richard. Passage of the Hurricane, &c.,
Lon., 1730, Svo.
Budworth, Joseph. Poems, &c., 1794, 95, '98, Svo.
Budworth, Wm. Sermons, Lon., 1732, '45, '46, Svo.
Buell, Samuel, D.D., a native of Connecticut. Ser-
mons, &c., 1761–87.
Buerdsell, James. Discourses & Essays, 1700, 12mo.
Buffa, John, M.D. The Army Medical Board, 1808.
Travels through the Empire of Morocco, Lon., 1810, Svo.
Bugg, Francis, a member of the "Society called
Quakers," changed his views, and wrote a number of
treatises against his old principles. We notice a few:
New Rome arraigned, and out of her own mouth con-
demned; or a Discovery of the Errors of the Foxonian
Quakers, Lon., 1694, 4to. Quakerism Withering, and
Christianity Reviving, 1694, 4to. Quakers set in their
True Light, 1696, 4to. Tracts against the Quakers, 1697,
Svo. The Picture of Quakerism, Lon., 1697, 12mo. The
Pilgrim's Progress from Quakerism to Christianity, Lon.,
169S, 4to. Nine other treatises against the Quakers, 1699-
1717.
Bugg, George. Tract on Regeneration, Lon., 1816,
12mo. Scriptural Geology, Lon., 1827. Svo. We have
noticed this work under BUCKLAND, WM., D.D. See Fair-
holme's Phys. Demons. of the M. Deluge. Lon., 1838, Svo.
Buggs, Samuel. Sermons, Lon., 1622, 4to.
Buist, George, D.D., d. 1808, aged 68, a native of
Scotland, pub. an Abridgment of Hume, 1792; a version
of the Psalms, 1796; Sermon, 1805; Sermons. 1809, 2
ols. 8vo; and contributed some articles to the Brit. Encyc. |
Buist, Robert, b. 1805 in Scotland. Settled in U. S.
1828. Agricultural and horticultural writer. Amer.
Flower Garden Directory, Phila., 1851, 12mo. Rose Manual,
1847, 12mo. Family Kitchen Gardener, 1851, 12mo. Con-
trib. Magazine of Horticulture, Florist, Penn. Farm Jour-
nal, &c.
Bulfinch, Stephen Greenleaf, a Unitarian minis-
ter, b. 1809, Boston; grad. Columbia Coll., D.C., 1826;
divinity student, Cambridge, 1827. 1. Contemplations of
the Saviour, Bost., 1832. 2. Poems, Charleston, S.C., 1834.
3. The Holy Land, 1834. 4. Lays of the Gospel, 1845.
5. Communion Thoughts, 1852. Contributor to the Unita-
rian Hymns.
Treatise on the Scarlet
Bulfinch, Thomas, M.D.
and Yellow Fevers.
Bulkeley, Benjamin, D.D.
Sermons, 1722, '31.
Bulkeley, or Bulkley, Edward, D.D. A Dis
course, &c. of Faults in the Rhemish version of the New
Testament, Lon., 1588, 4to. Other treatises in favour of
Protestantism, 1602, '06.
Bulkeley, or Bulkley, John, and J. Cummins.
Voyage to the South Seas in 1740-41, Lon., 1743, 8vo.
Bulkeley, Richard. Sermons, 1685, 4to.
Bulkley, Charles, 1719–1797, a Dissenting minister,
was a grandson of the excellent Matthew Henry, the bib.
lical commentator. He was first a Presbyterian, subse.
quently joined the General Baptists, and adopted Unita-
rian views. Notes on the Bible, pub. from the author's
MS. by Joshua Toulmin, D.D.
"These notes are not so much of a philological as of an expla-
natory nature. They are filled with what the author considers
parallel passages in the Greek and Roman classics. in which the
same moral precepts and sentiments occur, Sometimes the coin-
cidence appears to be striking: at other times the correspondence
is far from marked."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Fifteen Sermons, 1761, 8vo.
"They abound in salutary admonitions with regard to our reli
gious and moral conduct; are written with a true spirit of piety,
siasm."-Lom. Critical Review.
in a clear and animated style, without any affectation or enthu
Economy of the Gospel, 1764, 4to. Discourses on the
Parables and Miracles of Christ, 1770-71, 4 vols. 8vo.
"The author writes as becomes an ingenious and sensible man,
and in an agreeable, instructive, and practical manner."-Lon.
Monthly Review.
Catechetical Exercises, 1774, 12mo.
Other theological
works.
Sermon, 1697, 4to.
Bulkley, John.
Bulkley, John, d. 1731, first minister of Colchester,
Connecticut, was a grandson of REV. PETER BULKLEY (v.
past.) An Election Sermon, 1713. An Inquiry into the
right of the Aboriginal Natives to the lands of America,
1724, (reprinted in Mass. Hist. Coll.) A Tract on Infant
Baptism, 1729.
Bulkley, Peter, 1583-1659, first minister of Concord,
Massachusetts, a native of Woodhill, Bedfordshire. was
educated at, and became Fellow of, St. John's College,
Cambridge. Being silenced by Archbishop Laud, he came
to New England in 1635, and was one of the first settlers
of Concord, Massachusetts. The Gospel Covenant Opened,
Lon., 1646, 4to. Some specimens of Mr. Bulkley's Latin
poetry will be found in Dr. Mather's History of New Eng-
land.
Bulkley, Sir Richard. Horticultural contributions
to Phil. Trans., 1693.
Bull. Farewell Sermon, Lon., 1663, 4to.
Bull, Digby. Sermons, 1695, 1706, 4to.
Bull, George, D.D., 1634-1710, a native of Wells,
Somersetshire, entered Exeter College, Oxford, 1648; be-
came minister of St. George's near Bristol; Rector of
Suddington-St.-Mary's, 1658; Vicar of Suddington-St.-
Peter's, 1662; Prebendary of Gloucester, 1678; Bishop
of St. David's, 1705. Bishop Bull, for profound learning,
knowledge of Christian antiquity, and eminent piety, was
one of the most distinguished ornaments of the Church
of England. Harmonia Apostolica; seu Bina Disserta-
tiones, quarum in priore Doctrina D. Jacobi de justifica-
tione ex operibus explanitur et defenditur, in posteriore
consensus D. Pauli cum Jacobo liquidò demonstratur, &c.,
Lon., 1670, fol.; reprinted, Basil, 1740, Svo; a trans. by
Thomas Wilkinson, 1801, Svo; and the Harmonia was
pub. in Lib. Anglo-Cath. Theol., Oxf., 1842, Svo. This
Latin Dissertation was written eight or nine years before
its publication. The author laboured to show
"That good works, which proceed from faith. and are conjoined
with faith, are a necessary condition required from us by God, ts
the end that by the new and evangelical covenant, obtained by
and sealed in the Blocd of Christ, the Mediator of it, we may be
justified according to his free and unmerited grace."
Bishop Bull endeavoured to exhibit this doctrine so as to
"absolutely exclude all pretensions to merit on the part
of man," but his statements were unsatisfactory to many,
and were opposed by Dr. Morley, Bishop of Winchester,
Dr. Barlow, Charles Gataker, Joseph Truman, Dr. Tully,
John Tombes, Lewis Du Moulin, and M. De Marets. The
author, nothing daunted by such a host of adversaries,
pub. his Examen Censuræ in 1675, in reply to Mr. Gata-
ker, and his Apologia pro Harmonia, in response to Dr.
Tully; repub. in Lib. Anglo-Cath. Theol., Oxf., 1843, Svo.
The reader will find an account of the controversy in Nel-
son's Life of Bull.
Defensio Fidei Nicenæ ex Scriptus, quæ extant Catho-
licorum Doctorum, qui intra prima Ecclesiæ Christianæ
Sæcula floruerunt, Oxon., 1685, 4to: a new trans, pub. in
Lib. Anglo-Cath. Theol., Oxf., 1851–52, 2 vols. 8vo. This
work, also in Latin, increased the fame of the author both
279
BUL
BUL
**
at home and abroad, whilst it, of course, provoked great
opposition from the Socinians. See Nelson's Life of Bull.
Bull's Defensio is recon mended by the erudition, exactness,
and conciseness with which is written, and by the neatness and
elegance of its style. It is, perhaps, the best work which a person
who seeks to obtain a clear and comprehensive knowledge of the
R. Catholic Creed, can peruse." CHARLES BUTLER.
:(
The doctrinal parts of the Christian religion are summarily
comprehended in the Creeds which our Church has adopted into
its service. You need (after Pearson:) have no better help than
Bishop Bull's Latin works in defence of the Nicene Faith."-MR.
PREBENDARY KNOWLES.
After Dr. Cudworth came. Dr. Rull, author of the Defence of
the Nicene Faith, a book that has rendered the writer of it very
famous, not in England only or chiefly, but beyond the water.
"Tis composed in a style most truly Latin, with much vivacity of
expression, with great vigour and subtilty of thought: in short,
'tis worthy of the noble argument of which. he treats. This au-
thor, having studied the Fathers with an application, diligence,
and observation almost peculiar to him, perceived that the schools
have departed from that notion of the Trinity believed and pro-
fessed by some of the principal Fathers."-The Unitarian author of
The Judgment of a disinterested Person, &c., Lon., 1696, 4to.
We give some other quotations:
"The best books against the Arians. besides Bishop Pearson on
the Creed, are Bishop Bull's works.”—Dr. WOTTON.
Bishop Horsley commends the accuracy of Dr. Bull's
citations from the Fathers of the first three centuries,
"confirming the Church of England Faith, and refuting
the Unitarian."
"On the subject of a sinner's justification before God, the views
of this distinguished prelate were very incorrect, and have done
immense harm; but as an advocate of the Catholic doctrine of the
Trinity, declared in the Nicene Creed, he has few equals. He was
a man of immense learning, the whole of which he has brought
to bear on this important subject. Ilis Life, by Robert Nelson,
Esq. is one of the finest pieces of theological biography in the
English language."-Dr. E. WILLIAMS.
In both of the above opinions Mr. Bickersteth concurs.
Judiciam Ecclesiæ Catholicæ trium priorum Seculorum
de necessitate credendi quod Dominus noster Jesus Chris-
tus sit verus Deus, assertum contra M. Simoneum Episco-
pium aliosque, 1694. In English, with Life, by Rev. T.
Rankin, York, 1825, Svo. This work (which is a defence of
the Anathema, as the former was of the Faith, declared by
the First Council of Nice) was sent by Mr. Nelson to the
famous Bishop of Meaux, Bossuet, whose commendation
of the preceding work we have already cited. This cele-
brated prelate transmitted
The following testimony from the celebrated Bossuet
deserves to be quoted. In his answer to M. Jurieu, he re-
marks that, if the learned treatises of Father Thomassin
and the preface of Father Petau are neglected by the op-dren, Bradf., 1832, 12mo.
ponent of the eternal generation of the Son,-then
1834, Svo.
"I send him to Bull, that learned English Protestant, in the
treatise where he hath so well defended the Fathers who lived be-
fore the Council of Nice. You must either renounce the Faith of
Bull, Henry. Christian Prayers and Holy Medita-
tions as well for Private as Publick Exercises; collected
the Holy Trinity, which God forbid, or presuppose with me that by H. Bull, Svo, 1566; reprinted for The Parker Society,
this author hath reason.”
Camb., 1842, sm. Svo.
"Not only his humble thanks, but the unfeigned congratula-
tions also of the whole clergy of France, then assembled at St.
Germain's, for the great service he had done to the Catholic Church
in so well defending her determination concerning the necessity
of believing the Divinity of the Son of God."
"This Bishop's sermons are compositions of the highest order:—
learned, forcible, and perspicuous. they always excite attention
and reward it: they teach us that the practice of Christian duties
can only be founded on the faithful acknowledgment of Chris-
tian doctrine.”
A Companion for the Candidates of Holy Orders, or the
Great Importance and Principal Duties of the Priestly
Office. 1714, 12mo. Recommended by Bishop Burgess to
candidates for Holy Orders. It is reprinted in the Cler-
gyman's Instructor. Vindication of the Church of Eng-
|
land, 1719, 8vo. Works concerning the Trinity, 1730
2 vols. Svo.
2 vols. Svo. Apology for the Harmony. Primitive Apos
tolical Tradition, &c., against Daniel Zwicker, a Prussian
inediate separation from the Body,
Two sermons concerning the State of the Soul on its im-
&c., with a preface by
Leonard Chappelow, B.D., 1764, 8vo. The Rev. Edward
Burton pub. a revised edition of the Bishop's works, 7 vols.
in 8, 8vo, Clarendon Press, Oxf., 1827; again in 1846; in
which will be found the Life of Nelson, with additions by
Mr. Burton.
"His works are esteemed by the learned as one of the main pil-
lars of orthodoxy."-BISHOP WATSON.
Perhaps we cannot better conclude our notice of this
celebrated divine than by a commendation which may be
useful as a hint in some quarters. Dr. Lupton gives the
following character of Bishop Bull's sermons:
"He abhorred affectation of wit, trains of fulsome metaphors,
and nice words wrought up into tuneful, pointed sentences, with
consisting of these ingredients which should be our aversion,
out any meaning at the bottom of them. He looked upon sermons
ent with the dignity of serious and sacred subjects, and as an in-
and not our aim-as empty, and frothy, and trifling; as inconsist-
dication of a weak judgment."-Letter to Robert Nelson in Biog. Brit.
Bull, G. S. Appeal on behalf of the Factory Chil-
1832, 12mo. Sermon to Coal Miners, Bradf.,
Bull, Henry. Extracts from Sermons, Saffron Wal-
den, 1840, 12mo.
Bull, J. Theolog. and other works, 1805, '13, '14, Svo.
musician, and professor in that art in Gresham College,
Bull, John, b. about 1563, d. about 1622, an eminent
was a native of Somersetshire. The Oration of Maister
John Bull, Oct. 6th, 1597, in the new-erected Colledge of
Sir Thomas Gresham, Knt. Bull's compositions were pub.
in sundry collections of music. See Burney's Music, iii.
166-14; Ward's Gresham Professors; Athen. Oxon.; and
The Harmonicon.
Bull, Joseph. The Unity of God, 1809, 8vo.
Bull, Michael. Love of Country, Sermon, 1715, Svo.
Bull, Nicholas. Sermons, 1805, '20, Svo.
Bull, Robert. Sermons, 1714, '15, '23, 8vo.
Bull, Roger. Under this name was pub. Grobianus,
or the Compleat Booby, an Ironical Poem, translated from
the Original Latin of F. Dedekindus, by R. B., 1739, 8vo.
"A very singular and humorous work, written to inculcate good
tions to Servants."
manners, which probably presented to Swift the idea of his Direc
But the Roman Catholic prelate could not but express
his surprise that
"So great a man, so weighty and solid an author, could continue
a moment without acknowledging the Church."
Bull, W. and J. P. Church at Newport, 1811.
Bullar, Henry, of Lincoln's Inn, and Joseph Bul-
He begged to have this question resolved, and Dr. Bull,
nothing backward in defending the apostolicity of the
Church of England, drew up a treatise upon the subject,
which did not reach Mr. Nelson's hands until just as he
received news of Bossuet's death. The treatise was, how-lar, M.D. A Winter in the Azores, and a Summer at the
ever, published, Lon., 1705-07, 8vo, under the title of The Baths of the Furnas in St. Michael's, Lon., 1841, 2 vols. 8vo.
Corruptions of the Church of Rome, in relation to Ecclo-
siastical Government, the Rule of Faith, and Form of Di-
vine Worship: in answer to the Bishop of Meaux's Queries.
In 1703 Dr. John Ernest Grabe superintended an edi-
tion of his Latin works, (the author's age and infirmities
disabling him from the effort.) pub. in 1 vol. folio. Ro-
bert Nelson, author of The Fasts and Festivals of the
Church of England, a former pupil of Bp. Bull, pub. in
1713, 4 vols. 8vo, Seven Sermons and other Discourses,
with an account of his Life; new edit., Oxf., 1816, 3 vols.
18mo; again, Oxf., 1840, 8vo.
"If amusement is desirable which shall excite the mind with-
ont leaving a sensation of unprofitableness behind it, we scarcely
know how it could be presented in a more agreeable form than
these lively volumes, which, for this purpose, we cordially recom-
mend."-Lom. Churchman's Monthly Review,
"Of all the Tours and Travels we have ever read, we are disposed
to think it the most agreeable and original."-Lon. Examiner.
Bullar, John. Tour round Southampton, South.,
1807, 8vo.
nagement of their Health, Lon., Svo; 7th ed., 1851.
Bull, Thomas, M.D. Hints to Mothers for the Ma-
There is no mother that will not be heartily thankful that this
book ever fell into her hands, and no husband who should not
present it to his wife. We cannot urge its value too strongly on
all whom it concerns.”—Lon. Eclectic Review.
"We recommend it to our readers; and they will confer a bene-
fit on their new-married patients by recommending it to them."-
Brit, and For, Med. Review.
·
The Maternal Management of Children, in Health and
Disease, Svo; 3d ed., 1848.
.6
These little manuals will prove useful exactly in proportion
to the extent of their circulation. The best thanks of the profes
sion, as well as of all intelligent mothers, are due to Dr. Bull for
these excellent little works."-Lon. Medical Gazette.
Practice, South., 1844, '46.
Bullar, John. Lay Lectures on Christian Faith and
Practice, South., 1844, '46. Questions on the Holy Scrip-
tures, new ed., 1846, 18mo.
"The author has evidently taken great pains to render his work
complete and serviceable."-Lon. Eclectic Review.
Other works.
Bullard. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1698; on the Magnet-
ism of Drills.
Bullard, Henry A., and J. Curry. New Digest of
the Statute Laws of the State of Louisiana, from the change
of Government to the year 1841, inclusive, vol. i. 8vo, New
Orleans. 1842.
Bullein, William. See BULLEYN.
230
BUL
BUL
Bullen, George, an assistant librarian of the British | lain he was, selected him as a fit antagonist for Luther.
Museum. Catalogue of the Library of the British and In 1513, in conjunction with Walden, he read a mathemati-
Foreign Bible Society, Lon., 1857, 8vo.
cal lecture, and had a salary from the University for it.
He was one of the twelve preachers sent out by the Uni-
versity in 1515. Tanner fixes the date of his death in
1526, but Dodd says that he was living in 1530. 1. De
Captivitate Babylonica contra Lutheruin. 2. Epistolæ et
Orationes. 3. De Serpentibus siticulosis: trans. from the
"An accurate and well-compiled catalogue. The author, Mr.
Bullen, has brought all his own Bibliographical knowledge, as
one of the librarians of the British Museum. to bear upon his
work. The Bible Society's library consists of about five thousand
volumes, printed and manuscript, of which by far the greater part
are presents. In cataloguing the Scriptures. the plan adopted in
the British Museum has been followed; and copious cross-references | Greek of Lucian, Camb., 1521, 4to. 4. Oratis coram Archie-
have been given from the names of all editors, translators, anno-piscopo Eboracensi, Camb., 1521, 4to. See his oration in
tators, &c. upon the Bible to the particular edition in which their favour of Wolsey in Fiddes's Life of the Cardinal.
labours appear. These cross-references, &c. greatly enhance the
value of this catalogue."-T. II. IIORNE, D.D., in a letter to the
author of this Dictionary, Aug. 31, 1858.
Bullock, H. A. History of the Isle of Man, 1816, Svo.
Bullock, J. Lloyd, Editor of Fresenius and Will's
New Method of Alkalimetry, Lon., 1843, 12mo.
62
This little work will prove of the highest importance to calico
siate of potash; also to chemists. and to dealers in alkalies, acids. &c.
printers, bleachers. dyers, manufacturers of soap. paper, and prus-
To Mr. B. we are also indebted (in addition to this Lect.
on Pharmacy, 1844,) for an edition of Fresenius's Elemen-
tary Instruction in Chemical Analysis, as practised in the
Laboratory of Giessen. Qualitative, Svo. Quantitative, Sva
Buller, Sir Francis, 1745-1800, a Judge of the
"I can confidently recommend this work, from my own personal
Court of King's Bench and Common Pleas, was a grand-experience. to all who are desirous of obtaining instruction iu ana-
son of Allen, Earl Bathurst. He was distinguished for lysis, for its simplicity and usefulness, and the facility with which
profound knowledge of the Law. An Introduction to the it may be comprehended."-BARON LIEBIG.
Law relative to Trials at Nisi Prius, with copious Annota-
tions, 7th edit., Lon., 1817, r. 8vo; former edits., 1767, '72,
'75, '80, '90, '93; pub. in New York, with Notes of American
Cases, 1806. The germ of this work was written, it is sup-
posed, by Mr. Bathurst, afterwards Lord Apsley, and was
entitled Institutes of the Law relative to Nisi Prius, 1760,
Svo. Sir Francis Buller enlarged the work, and pub. it as
above.
Bullen, H. St. John. 1. Grammar. 2. Geography,
1797, '99.
Buller, Rt. Hon. Charles, 5. 1806, at Calcutta,
d. in London, 1848. Responsible Government for Co-
lonies, 12mo: originally pub. in Colonial Gaz. Contrib.
frequently to Morning Chronicle, Globe, Edinburgh Re-
view, and Westminster Record.
"Notwithstanding its defects, from the judicial station of the
learned author whose name it bears, it has been regarded as a
work of considerable authority. Its place has been supplied by
later works, but it is still useful because it contains some author-
ities not elsewhere to be met with."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Buller, W. Chronological, Biographical, Historical,
and Miscellaneous Exercises for Young Ladies.
Bullingbroke, Edward, and Jonah Bilcher.
An Abridgt. of the Statutes of Ireland, &c., Dubl., 1754,
2 vols. 4to; continued by Francis Vesey. Duty and Au-
thority of the Justices of Peace and Parish Officers for
Ireland, Dubl., 1766, 4to.
Bulley, Frederick, President of St. Mary Magd. ment of Orthographia for English speech, Lon., 1580, 4to.
Bullokar, William. Book at large for the amend-
College, Oxford. A Tabular View of the Variations in the
Communion and Baptismal Offices of the Church of Eng-only improve his own tongue, but also effect "an entrance
Mr. Bullokar believed that his proposed reform would not
land from 1549 to 1662; to which are added those in the into the secretes of other languages.'
Scotch Prayer-Book of 1637; with an Appendix illustra-
tive of the Variations, Oxf., 1842, Svo.
""
Bullock, Jeffrey. One Blow more against Anti-
Christ Ministers, the downfall of whose Ministry bastens,
Lon., 1678, 4to.
This production Lowndes ascribes to John Bullokar, but
Watt attributes it to William; and we judge the latter to
printed hereafter;" and Bullokar's Bref Grammar for Eng-
be correct, as the author promises a "Grammar to be im-
lish, pub. six years afterwards, (1586, 16mo,) is ascribed
by both Lowndes and Watt to William Bullokar. Esop's
Bulleyn, or Bullein, William, b. about 1500, in
the Isle of Ely, d. 1576, a learned physician and botanist,
was educated at Cambridge and Oxford. The Government
of Health, Lon., 1558, 59, Svo. A very popular work in
its day. Regimen against the Pleurisie, 1562, 16mo. Bul-Fables in Tru Orthography, with Grammar Notz, 1585, 8vo.
warke of Defece againste all sikness, sornes, and woundes,
that dooe daily assaulte mankinde, &c., 1562, '72, fol. A
Dialogue, bothe pleasaunte and pietifull; wherein is shewed
a goodlie Regimente against the Fever of Pestilence, with
a Consolation and Comfort against Death, 1564, '69, 73, 78,
Svo. Several small profess. treatises are also ascribed to our
author.
Bulman, E. Introduc. to Hebrew, 1795, Svo.
Bulman, John. Sermons, 1803, '05, 4to.
Bulmar, Capt. John. Arts and Mysteries for a Sol-
dier, Mariner, &c., and other works, 1641, '43, 49, fol.
?
Bulmer, Agnes. Messiah's Kingdom; a Poem, Lon.,
p. Svo. Scripture Histories, 3 vols. 18mo. Select Letters,
with Notes by Bunting, 12mo. Mem. by Anne R. Collinson.
Bulmer, Peter. Sermons, 1803, '05, Svo.
“A useful work in its day, and framed very much upon the mo-
del of the celebrated work of his brother civilian, Burn, in Eng-
land."-Pref. to Smythe's Justice.
Other legal treatises.
Bullock, R. Geography Epitomized, 1810, 4to.
Bullock, Richard. Sermons, Lon., 1754, '89, 4to.
Bullock, Thomas. Sermons, Lon., 1722-28.
Bullock, William. Virginia impartially Examined,
and left to Public View, Lon., 1649, 4to. Dedicated to the
Earl of Arundell and to Lord Baltimore.
Bullivant, Benjamin. Observations on Natural
History, made in New England; Phil. Trans., 1698.
Bullivant, Daniel, Surgeon. Case of Violent Spasms
which succeeded the Amputation of an Arm, &c.
Bullman. See BULMAN.
Bullocar. See BULLOkar.
Bullock, Henry, Fellow of Queen's College, Cam-
bridge, 1507; D.D., 1520; Vice-Chancellor, 1524, '25. He
was a correspondent of Erasmus, (who calls bim Bovillus,)
and so "ripe a scholar" that Cardinal Wolsey, whose chap-
Bullock, William. An Earthquake, Phil. Trans., 1755.
preserving Subjects of Natural History, 1818.
Bullock, William. A short and easy Method of
1616, Svo.
Bullokar, John. Eng. Exposition of Hard Words,
Bulstrode, Edward, 158S-1659, a native of Buck-
inghamshire, was entered of St. John's College, Oxford, in
1603, whence he removed to the Inner Temple. He was a
favourite of Cromwell's, and in 1649 made one of the Jus-
divers Sentences of the Sacred Scriptures, &c., Lon., 1657,
tices of North Wales. A Golden Chain, or Miscellany of
Svo. Reports in King's Bench, in the Reigns of Kings
James I. and Charles I., in 3 parts; 2d edit., corrected, &c.,
Lon., 1688, fol.; 1st edit., 1657, '58, '59, fol. There is an
irregularity in the paging of both editions, but they are
perfect. Bulstrode took his reports in French, and trans.
them into English. He is said to have adopted the excel-
Bullingham, John. Trans. of Joh. Venæus's Ora-
tion in defence of the Sacrament of the Aultaire, 1554, Svo.
Bullions, Peter, b. 1791 at Perthshire, Scotland,
Prof. Greek and Latin in the Albany Academy. Principles
of Latin Grammar. Latin Reader. Cæsar's Commenta-
ries. Cicero's Orations. Sallust.
Sallust. Greek Lessons for Be-lent method of Plowden. They were pub. by his son.
ginners. Principles of Greek Grammar. Greek Reader.
Latin Exercises. Lessons in English Grammar and Com-
position. Principles of English Grammar. Progressive
Exercises in Analysis and Parsing. Introduction to Ana-
lytical Grammar. New, or Analytical and Practical Eng-
lish Grammar.
|
|
·
Only a portion of his MS. was pub.:
"The fittest and choicest cases out of these reports which I have
with no small care, labour, and pains collected together."
"I have perused divers cases in these reports, and I think they
are fit to be published."-MATTHEW HALE.
Bulstrode, Sir Richard, eldest son of the above, is
said to have died at the advanced age of 101 years. Let.
ters to the Earl of Arlington, Lor., 1712, Svo. Essays on
Manners and Morals, 1715, Svo. Memoirs, &c. relative to
Charles I. and Charles II., 1721, Svo. 185 Elegies and
Epigrams on religious subjects, composed at the age of
eighty.
A man of talents and considerable learning, and in his political
course able and consistent."
Bulstrode, Whitelocke, d. 1724, aged 74, Protho-
notary of the Marshal's Court, son of the preceding. An
Essay on Transmigration, Lon., 1692, Svo; in Latin, by
231
BUL
BUN
!
Oswald Dyke, 1725, Svo. Essays Ecclesiastical and Civil,!
1706, 8vo.
Letters between him and Dr. Wood, 1717, Svo. |
Compendium of the Crown Laws, 1723, Svo. Three Charges
to Grand and other Juries, 1718, 8vo.
Bulteel, or Bulteal, John. Translations of Amo-
rous Oruntus; a Comedy, Lon., 1665, 4to. Court of Rome,
1668, 8vo. Psalms and Songs, 1674, 8vo. Abridged Chro-
nology of France, 1683, fol.
Bulwer, Sir Edward Lytton. See LYTTON.
Bulwer, Lady. See LADY LYTTON.
Bulwer, Rt. Hon. Sir Henry Lytton Earle,
G.C.B., M.P., Privy Councillor, Diplomatist, and Author, b.
1804, is an elder brother of Sir Edward Lytton Bulwer Lyt-
ton. Sir Henry has filled several highly responsible diplo-
matic positions, with great credit to himself and honour to
his country. An an author, also, he has gained consider-
able reputation. An Autumn in Greece, 1824, p. 8vo.
France, Social, Literary, and Political, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
The
Monarchy of the Middle Classes, 2 vols. p. Svo, 1834-36.
Sir Henry wrote a Life of Lord Byron, prefixed to a Paris
edition of his lordship's works.
Bulwer, John, an author of the 17th century, wrote
several books on Dactylology, Dress, &c. Chirologia, or
the Natural Language of the Hand; as also Chironomia,
or the Art of Manual Rhetorick, Lon., 1644, Svo. Philo-
cophics, 1648, Svo. Pathomyotomia, 1649, Svo. Anthro-
po-metamorphosis, Man-transformed; or the Changeling,
shewing the various ways how divers People alter the
Natural Shape of some part of their Bodies, Lon., 1653,
4to. Of this curious and extravagant work an account will
be found in Oldys's Brit. Librarian, 367-72, and in the Lon.
Retrospective Review, N. S., ii. 205-17. It appears that
the author wrote several other works which he did not see
fit to publish.
"From Bulwer's extravagance some illustration is thrown upon
one portion of the history of human knowledge. He lived in an
age of great learning and of little judgment; at a time when there
was a voracious appetite for information, and when fact and fiction
were indiscriminately gorged and devoured by all who sought for
the reputation of learning."-Lom. Retrosp. Review.
Bumpfield, W. R. Tropical Dysentery, Lon., 1818,Svo.
Bumstead, Josiah F., b. 1797 at Boston. Popular
Series of Readers.
Bunbury. The Church Catechism, Lon., 1727, 12mo.
Bunbury, C. J. F. A Residence at the Cape of Good
Hope; with Notes on the Natural History and Native
Tribes, Lon., 1848, 8vo.
"The statesman who may be called upon to discuss or decide upon
the public affairs of the Cape, the emigrant who may contemplate
removing his cares thither, the curious inquirer who would know
the rights of what has given rise to so much controversy, will find
Mr. Bunbury an intelligent and candid guide.”—Lon. Examiner.
Bunbury, Henry. Academy for Grown Horsemen,
&c., by Geoffrey Gambado, Esq., Riding Master; with 17
engravings of equestrian performances, 1787, '91, fol. A
humorous work which still attracts attention.
Bunbury, Sir Henry. Narratives of the Wars with
France, 1799-1810, Lon., Svo. Edited Sir Thomas Han-
mer's Life and Correspondence, Lon., 1838, 8vo. In this
valuable work will be found letters from Burke, Prior,
Goldsmith, Pope, Garrick, Dr. Young, Lord Nelson,
Crabbe, &c.
"There is indeed much curious literary and political matter in
these pages."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
Bunbury, Miss. A Visit to My Birth Place. Thoughts
in Suffering. Fear Not.
"Christians, while here. are much exposed to, and frequently
assailed by, formidable spiritual foes, and are apt to give place to
doubts and fears. This little volume is prepared to inspire them
with confidence, and to dissipate their fears, and is well adapted
to answer the end designed.”—New Method. Connection Mug.
Bunbury, Miss Selina. Coombe Abbey; a Tale,
1843, 8vo. Evelyn; a Novel, 1849, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Even-
ings in the Pyrenees, 1848, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Rides in the
Pyrenees, 1844, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Star of the Court; or the
Star of the Court; or the
Maid of Honour and Queen of England, Anne Boleyn,
1845, p. 8vo.
"To point a moral against female ambition. vanity, and light-
ness. The commentary is elegant, and the remarks are just."
Lon. Spectator.
"A more appropriate present could not be chosen.”—Blackwood's
Lady's Mog.
"This is a charming little volume, containing all the fascination
of a Romance, with the sober lessons of History"-Belle Assemblée.
Life in Sweden, with Excursions in Norway and Den-
mark, Lon., 2 vols.
"Two delightful, well-informed volumes, by a lady of much
acuteness, lively imagination, and shrewd observance. The work
can be safely recommended to the reader as the freshest, and most
certainly the truthfullest, publication upon the North that has of
late years been given to the world."-Lon. Observer.
Russia after the War, 1857, 2 vols. p. Svo. Other works.
Bunbury, William. Reports of Cases in the Ex-
chequer, from the Beginning of the Reign of Geo. I. tɔ
14 Geo. II., pub. from his own MSS.; by G. Wilson, Lon.,
1755, fol.; 2d edit., Dubl., 1793, Svo.
•
Mr. Bunbury never meant that these cases should have been
published."-LORD MANSFIELD,
But the editor was Mr. B.'s son-in-law; and it is to be
presumed that he was correctly informed upon the subject.
Bunce, John. St. Chrysostom Of the Priesthood; in
6 books; trans. from the Greek, 1759, p. Svo.
Buncle, John. See AMORY, THOMAS.
Buncombe, Samuel. Sermon, 1767, 8vo.
Bundy, John. The Roman History from the French
of Catron and Rouille, Lon., 1728, 6 vols. fol.
Bundy, Richard, D.D., d. about 1739, Prebendary
of Westminster. Apparatus Biblicus, or an Introduction
to the Holy Scriptures, from the French of Père Lamy,
Lon., 1723, 4to.
Commended by Bishops Watson and
Marsh. The English trans. contains some additional
matter, principally taken from Lamy's De Tabernaculo
Foederis. Sermons, 1740, 2 vols. Svo. Sixteen Sermons,
1750, Svo.
* Easiness of style and clearness of method characterize the
sermons of this author: he was a pleasing and instructive
preacher."-Darling's Cyc. Bibl.
Bunn, Alfred. Poems, 1816, Svo. The Stage, both
before and behind the Curtain, from "Observations taken
on the Spot," Lon., 1840, 3 vols. c. Svo.
"Full of curious and interesting details respecting modern
actors and the present state of the drama."
Old England and New England, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Bunney, or Bunny, Edmund, 1540-1617, educated
at Oxford, became probationer Fellow of Magdalen Col-
lege, and was appointed Chaplain to Archbishop Grindall.
The whole Summe of Christian Religion, Lon., 1576, Svɔ.
Certain
Abridgt. of Calvin's Institutions, 1580, Svo.
Prayers, &c., for the 17th November, 1585, 4to.
This work, as I take it, gave birth to the Accession form
PECK.
He wrote some controversial pamphlets against Parsons
the Jesuit, and pub. some other theolog. treatises.
Bunney, or Bunny, Edward. Treatise on Pacifi-
cation, Lon., 1591.
•
"
C
Bunney, or Bunny, Francis, 1543-1617, brother
of Edmund, was chosen perpetual Fellow of Magdalen
College, Oxford, 1562; Archdeacon of Northumberland,
1573. He wrote four Tracts against Popery, 1595, 1607.
A Survey of the Pope's Supremacy, 1595, 4to. Exposition
of Romans iii. 28, 1616, 4to. Guide to Godliness, 1617,
8vo. He left a Commentary on Joel, in MS.
"This person was very zealous in the way he professed, was a
great admirer of Jo. Calvin, a constant preacher, charitable, and a
stiff enemy to Popery."-Athen. Oron.
Bunning, Charles. Peace in our Power, 1798, 8vo.
Bunow, Rev. E. J. Elements of Conchology, 1815.
Bunting, Edward. A General Collection of the
Ancient Music of Ireland, consisting of upwards of 165
Airs, Lon., 1840, 4to. The importance of this work to a
proper understanding of ancient Irish musical science,
need not be enlarged upon.
ture; or the Travels of the Holy Patriarchs, Prophets,
Bunting, Henry. Itinerarium totius Sacræ Scrip-
Judges, Kings, our Saviour Christ, and his Apostles, &c.,
Lon., 1629, 4to. There have been several foreign editions
of this work. Chronologia Servestæ, 1590. Itinerarium
et Chronicon totius S. Scripturæ, Magdeb., 1598, fol. Di-
visio et Distributio Terræ Canaan, &c., Magdeb., 1597.
Chronologia Catholica, Magdeb., 1608, fol.; trans. into
German, Magdeb., 1608, fol.
Bunting, Jabez, D.D., 1778-1858, the "Hercules
land. A Great Work Described and Recommended; in a
of modern Methodism," was a native of Manchester, Eng-
Sermon, 1805, 8vo. Justification by Faith; a Sermon,
1812, Svo; 7th edit., Lon., 1847,
1812, Svo; 7th edit., Lon., 1847, 8vo. Memorials of the
late Rev. Richard Watson, including a Funeral Sermon
on John viii. 51, Lon., 1833, Svo.
Bunworth, Richard. Med. Works, &c., 1656, '62.
Bunyan, Humphrey. Epithalamium on a recent
Marriage, 1812.
Bunyan, John, 1628-1688, is one of the most remark-
able instances of the acquisition of great fame where no-
thing was designed but the simple discharge of duty. He
was the son of a tinker residing at Elstow in Bedfordshire:
For my descent then, it was, as is well known by many, of a
low and inconsiderable generation, my father's house being of that
rank that is meanest and most despised of all the families of the
land."--Autobiography.
By his father's care, who taught him his own trade, ho
was placed at school, where he obtained the first rudiments
of an English education:
232
BUN
BUN
"Though to my shame, I confess. I did soon lose that I had
Learned. even almost utterly, and that long before the Lord did
work his gracious work of conversion upon my soul.”
His youth gave little promise of the exemplary piety
for which he was afterwards noted. Some of his modern
biographers have taken strange liberties with the facts of
the case, by seeking to represent his character at this
period as much better than it really was. If we can be-
lieve his own words, he led a very dissolute life, and seems
anxious to acknowledge his transgressions, that he might
magnify the mercy which snatched him from the "horri-
ble pit and the miry clay." Such instances of "Grace
Abounding" are of great value, and should teach us never
to despair of, nor cease to labour for, the reformation and
conversion of the most vicious. He tells us, with his own
simple pathos, the manner in which his conscience re-
ceived an impression which led to the happiest results for
his future character:
"As I was standing at a neighbour's shop-window, and there
cursing and swearing after my wonted manner, there sat within
the woman of the house, who heard me; and though she was a
very loose and ungodly wretch, yet protested that I swore and
cursed at that most fearful rate, that she was made to tremble to
hear me. At this reproof, I was silenced, and put to secret
shame, and that, too, as I thought. before the God of Heaven;
wherefore, while I stood there, hanging down my head, I wished
that I might be a little child again, that my father might learn me
to speak without this wicked way of swearing."
What an encouragement is this to reprove profanity,
und, indeed, to proffer good advice even to those who seem
the most unlikely to be edified! "Blessed are they that
sow beside all waters." "Thou knowest not which shall
prosper, this or that."
At the early age of nineteen, he married a wife "whose
father and mother were counted godly." This connex-
ion was of great advantage to him: his immoral habits.
were laid aside, and he was so much pleased with this
improvement, that he tells us, "I thought no man in
England could please God better than I." He was fa-
voured with more correct views both of his own depra-
vity, and of the justifying grace which is in Christ Jesus;
and in the year 1653 he was considered qualified for ad-
mission into a Baptist congregation at Bedford. Two
years later, on the death of the pastor, he was urged to
preach to the congregation, at least for a season. He was
eagerly heard both in Bedford and in the adjoining parts
of the country. After preaching for some five years, Justice
Wingate, who declared he would break the neck of such
meetings, issued an indictment against him, which ran in
these words:
••
“John Bunyan bath devilishly and perniciously abstained from
coming to church to hear divine service, and is a common upholder
of several unlawful meetings and conventicles, to the disturbance
and distraction of the good subjects of this kingdom, contrary to
the laws of our sovereign lord and king."
He was cast into Bedford jail, where were about sixty
Dissenters, and
"Here with only two books.-the Bible and Fox's Book of Mar-
tyrs, he employed his time for twelve years and a half. in preach-
ing to, and praying with, his fellow-prisoners. in writing several
of his works, and in making tagged laces for the support of him-
self and family."-DR. BARLOW,
Bishop Lincoln-to his praise be it recorded-procured
his enlargement in 1672. He visited his religious brethren
in various parts of England, exhorting them to good works
and holiness of life; by these visitations, he acquired the
name of Bishop Bunyan. When James II. issued his
proclamation for liberty of conscience to Dissenters, Bunyan
built a meeting-house at Bedford. He annually visited
his Baptist brethren in London, where such was his popu-
larity that the meeting-house was too strait for his hearers.
During one of these journeys, he was overtaken by a
violent storm of rain, from which he contracted a cold,
which ended fatally, at his lodgings in Snow-hill, August
31st, 1688.
Bunyan wrote many works; it is said as many as he was
years of age, (60,) but is chiefly known by that wonderful
production, "Pilgrim's Progress," the fruit of his imprison-
ment, and, we had almost said, valuable enough to recon-
cile us to the wickedness of that persecuting spirit that
thus unwittingly educed good from evil. But, no; we abhor
the crime, while we rejoice that it was overruled to such
happy results. In accordance with what we esteem one
of the most valuable features of our work, we shall pro-
ceed to give the opinions of various eminent authorities
upon the merits of the best-known uninspired allegory
which has been composed by the wit of man.
<
"It is not known," says Dr. Southey, (who has written the life
of Bunyan,) “in what year The Pilgrim's Progress' was first
published; no copy of the first edition having as yet been dis-
covered. The second is in the British Museum; it is with addi-
tins, and its date is 1678. But as the work is known to have
been written during Bunyan's imprisonment. which terminated
in 1672. it was probably published before his release, or, at latest,
immediately after it."
It had reached the tenth edition in 1685! Bunyan, in
the preface to the second part, published in 1684, com-
plains that
"Some have of late, to counterfeit
My Pilgrim, to their own my title set;
Yea, others, half my name and title too,
Have stitched to their books, to make them do."
If not very poetical, this is sufficiently significant.
The third part, denied to be Bunyan's, appeared in 1693.
It has been suggested that the hint of the Pilgrim's Pro-
gress was taken from an allegory written by the Rev.
Richard Bernard,-The Isle of Man; or Legal Proceed-
ings in Manshire against Sin, Lon., 1627: this work seems
to have been as popular as Bunyan's, having also reached
the tenth edition in eight years,-1635. Bunyan's Pil-
grim has been translated into almost every modern Euro-
pean tongue, and is perhaps the most popular religious
work ever written.
"If this work is not a 'well of English undefiled,' it is a clear
stream of current English, the vernacular speech of his age; some
times, indeed. in its rusticity and coarseness, but always in its
plainness and its strength. To this natural style. Bunyan is in
some degree beholden for his general popularity: his language is
everywhere level to the most ignorant reader, and to the meanest
capacity: there is a homely reality about it; a nursery tale is not
more intelligible in its manner of narration to a child. Another
cause of his popularity is. that he taxes the inagination as little
as the understanding. The vividness of his own imagination is
such, that he saw the things of which he was writing as distinctly
with his mind's eye as if they were indeed passing before him in
a dream. And the reader. perhaps, sees them more satisfactorily
to himself. because the outline only of the picture is presented to
him, and the author having made no attempt to fill up the details,
every reader supplies them according to the measure and scope of
his own intellectual and imaginative powers."-SOUTHEY.
Mr. Ivimey, another biographer of Bunyan's, thus
speaks of the basis of this allegory:
:
"The plan of this work is admirable, being drawn from the cir
cumstances of his own life as a stranger and pilgrim, who had
left the City of Destruction' upon a journey towards the Celestial
Country. The difficulties he met with in his determination to
serve Jesus Christ, suggested the many circumstances of danger
through which this pilgrim passed. The versatile conduct of
some professors of religion, suggested the different characters which
Christian met with in his way; these. most probably, were persous
whom he well knew, and who, perhaps, would be individually
read at the time."
Bunyan seems to have been sorely perplexed by the
conflicting advice of his friends as to the expediency or
otherwise of printing his "little book:"
"Some said. John, print it; others said. Not so;
Some said it might do good, others said, No.”
Thus differently advised,
“Now was 1 in a strait, and did not see
Which was the best thing to be done by me."
He decided, as authors generally do in such cases:
"At last I thought, since you are thus divided,
I print it will; and so the case decided."
"Ingenious dreamer! in whose well-told tale
Sweet fiction and sweet truth alike prevail:
Whose humorous vein, strong sense, and simple style,
May teach the gayest, make the gravest smile;
Witty, and well employed, and. like thy Lord,
Speaking in parables his slighted word;—
I name thee not, lest so despised a name
Should more a sneer at thy deserved fame.”—Cowper.
It is a curious fact that Bunyan's prison companion,
Fox's Book of Martyrs, (his only book save the Bible,)
was sold in 1780 to Mr. Wantner of the Priories: it was
inherited by his daughter, Mrs. Parnell of Botolph Lane ;
and afterwards purchased by subscription for the Bedford-
shire General Library. It is enriched with the poor pri-
soner's annotations, in rhyme, one of which we quote; it
is a comment upon the account of Gardiner's death:
"The blood, the blood that he did shed
Is falling on his one [own] head;
And dreadful it is for to see
The beginers of his misere."
Bunyan had a talent for repartee. A Quaker visited
him in Bedford jail, and declared that by the order of the
Lord he had sought for him in half the prisons of England.
"If the Lord had sent you,” replied the prisoner, “you need
not have taken so much trouble to find me out: for the Lord
knows that I have been a prisoner in Bedford jail for the last
twelve years."
Mr. Granger remarks,
"Bunyan, who has been mentioned among the least and lowest
of our writers, and oven ridiculed as a driveller by those who had
never read him, deserves a much higher rank than is commonly
imagined. His Pilgrim's Progress gives us a clear and distinct
idea of Calvinistic divinity. In the first part. the allegory is ad-
mirably carried on, and the characters justly drawn, and uniformly
supported. The author's original and poetic genius shines through
the coarseness and vulgarity of his language. and intimates that
if he had been a master of numbers, he might have composed a
253
BUN
BUN
poem. worthy of Spenser himself. As this opinion may be deemed
paradoxical, I shall venture to name two persons of eminence of
the same sentiments; one. the late Mr. Merrick of Reading; the
other, Dr. Roberts, now Fellow of Eton College.”
• Mr. Merrick has been heard to say, in conversation, that his in-
vention was like that of Homer."
Lord Kames makes a remark of a similar character; he,
describes the Pilgrim's Progress as
Composed in a style enlivened, like that of Homer, by a proper
mixture of the dramatic and narrative, and upon that account it
has been translated into most European languages."
"Perhaps there is no book, with the single exception of the
Bible, that has been so widely diffused, translated into so many
languages, and that is fitted to take so firm a hold of the minds
both of old and young, of learned and uulearned, as the Pilgrim's
Progress. Its unity of design and fertility of invention, the poetic
fancy it displays, and the graphic faithfulness of the pictures it
contains both of life and manners; these, together with its scrip-
tural truth and great practical utility, have obtained for this de
min-lightful allegory a popularity no less great than it promises to be
enduring. Its merits, indeed, are incontestable.”—DR. JAMIESON,
Dean Swift declared, that
"He had been better entertained, and more informed, by a
chapter in the Pilgrim's Progress, than by a long discourse upon
the will and intellect. and simple or complex ideas."
6.
Dr. Radcliffe terms this allegory a "phoenix in a cage.'
Honest John Bunyan is the first man I know of, who has
gled narrative and dialogue together; a mode of writing very en-
gaging to the reader, who, in the most interesting passages, finds
himself admitted, as it were, into the company, and present at the
conversation.”—DR. FRANKLIN,
""
"Bunyan's Pilgrim was a Christian, but Patrick's only a Pedlar."
When Charles II. expressed his surprise to Dr. Owen
that a man of his learning could "sit and hear an illite-
rate tinker prate," the doctor answered:
L
May it please your majesty, could I possess that tinker's abi-
lities for preaching, I would most gladly relinquish all my learn-
ing."
Mr. Conder, in his biographical sketch of our author,
has vindicated him from some erroneous representations
which he considers Dr. Southey to have made in his Life
of Bunyan. In the good tinker's own day, "erroneous
representations" of him were not unknown, for we find an
account of a work with this most ungracious title-Dirt
wiped out, or a manifest Discovery of the gross Ignorance,
Erroneousness, and most unchristian and wicked spirit of
one John Bunyan, Lay preacher in Bedford, &c., Lon.,
1672, by
But we forbear to give the author's name.
Those who desire to have a faithful account of the strug-
gles and trials of Bunyan, should read his Grace Abound-
ing to the Chief of Sinners; nor should The Holy War
made by King Shaddai upon Diabolus, &c. be neglected.
Of the Pilgrim's Progress Mr. Joseph Ivimey wrote a con-
tinuation, of which Lowndes thus speaks:
"The allegory is in many places singularly well sustained, and
the performance is in every way creditable to the talents and in-
formation of the writer."
Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress and The Holy War are inimitable
specimens of genius and humour in the service of experimental
religion. His works display an original genius, depth of Christian
experience, and much greater precision of thought and expression
than might have been expected from a man who made no preten-
sions to literature.”—DR. WILLIAMS.
"Bedford jail was that den wherein Bunyan dreamed his dream:
The Pilgrim's Progress, a book which the child and his grand-
mother read with equal delight; and which, more than almost
any other work. may be said to be
Meet for all hours, and every mood of man,'
was written in prison, where Bunyan preached to his fellow-pri-
soners, supported his family by making tagged laces, and filled up
his leisure by writing a considerable part of two folio volumes.
The work by which he immortalized himself grew from a sudden
thought which occurred while he was writing in a different strain.
Its progress he relates oddly enough in his rhyming apology, but
more curiously in some verses prefixed to the Holy War:
'It came from mine own heart, so to my head,
And thence into my fingers trickcled;
So to my pen, from whence immediately,
On paper I did dribble it daintily.'
These curious verses conclude with an anagram, made in noble
contempt of orthography.
Witness my name: if anagram'd it be,
The letters make Nu hony in a B'
··
Blind reasoners, who do not see that it is to their intellect.
not to their principles of dissent. that Milton and Bunyan and
De Foe owe their immortality! strange company, we confess, but
each incomparable in his way."-Lon. Quarterly Review.
“I know of no book, the Bible excepted, as above all compari-
son. which I, according to my judgment and experience. could so
safely recommend as teaching and enforcing the whole saving
truth, according to the mind that was in Christ Jesus. as the Pil-
grim's Progress. It is. in my conviction, incomparably the best
Summa Theologice Evangelicae ever produced by a writer not
miraculously inspired. . . . It is composed in the lowest style of
English, without slang or false grammar. If you were to polish
it. you would at once destroy the reality of the vision. For works
of imagination should be written in very plain language; the
more purely imaginative they are, the more necessary it is to be
plain. This wonderful book is one of the few books which may
be read repeatedly. at different times, and each time with a new
and a different pleasure. I read it once as a theologian. and let
me assure you that there is great theological acumen in the work;
once with devotional feelings; and once as a poet. I could not
have believed beforehand, that Calvinism could be painted in
such delightful colours.”—Coleridge.
"April 30, 1773. Johnson praised John Bunyan highly
H16
Pilgrim's Progress has great merit, both for invention, imagina-
tion, and the conduct of the story; and it has had the best evi-
dence of its merit, the general and continued approbation of man-
kind. Few books, I believe, have had a more extensive sale. It
is remarkable, that it begins very much like the poem of Dante;
yet there was no translation of Dante when Bunyan wrote. There
is reason to think that he had read Spenser."-Boswell's Life of
Johnson.
It is no slight evidence of the great merit of our author
that critics of such opposite tastes in many particulars, vie
with each other in commendation of the Tinker of Bed-
ford. Hear Dr. Johnson on this theme:
"It is, indeed, one of the most extraordinary productions of any
age or country; and its popularity is, perhaps, unrivalled. . ..
Though upon the most serious of subjects, it is read by children
with as much pleasure as are the fictions written professedly for
their amusement.”—MILLS.
"Bunyan is unjustly despised by some; his natural talents
and evangelical principles and piety are admirable."-BICKERSTETH,
"In what then consists the peculiar charm of this strange and
original fiction-a charm which renders the rude pages of Bunyan
as familiar and delightful to a child as they are attractive to the
less impressionable mind of critical manhood? It is the homely
earnestness, the idiomatic vigour of the style; it is the fearless
straightforwardness of the conceptions, and the inexhaustible rich-
ness of imagery and adventures."-PROF. T. B. SHAW.
"What an illustrious instance of the superiority of goodness
over learning! Who now reads the learned wits of the reign of
Charles the Second? Who comparatively reads even Dryden, or
Tillotson, or Barrow, or Boyle, or Sir William Temple? Who has
not read, who will not read, the immortal epic of John Bunyan?
Who does not, who will not ever, with Cowper,
•
'Revere the man whose pilgrim marks the road,
And guides the progress of the soul to God?"
C. D. CLEVELAND,
"Disraeli has well designated Bunyan as the Spenser of the
people; every one familiar with his Faery Queen must acknow-
ledge the truth of the description. If it were not apparently in-
Shakspeare of the world: for the accuracy and charm with which
congruous, we would call him, in another score, the spiritual
he has delineated the changes and progress of the spiritual life,
are not less exquisite than that of Shakspeare in the Seven Ages,
and innumerable scenes of human life."-N. American Review,
vol. xxxvi.
"The style of Bunyan is delightful to every reader, and invalu-
able as a study to every person who wishes to obtain a wide com-
mand over the English language. The vocabulary is the vocabu-
lary of the common people. There is not an expression, if we
except a few technical terms of theology, which would puzzle the
rudest peasant.
rudest peasant. We have observed several pages which do not
contain a single word of more than two syllables. Yet no writer
has said more exactly what he meant to say. For magnificence,
for pathos, for vehement exhortation, for subtle disquisition, for
every purpose of the poet, the orator, and the divine, this homely
dialect, the dialect of plain workingmen, was perfectly sufficient.
There is no book in our literature on which we could so readily
stake the fame of the old unpolluted English language; no book
which shows so well how rich that language is in its own proper
wealth, and how little it has been improved by all that it has bor-
rowed. . . . We are not afraid to say that, though there were
many clever men in England during the latter half of the seven-
teenth century, there were only two great creative minds. One
of those minds produced the Paradise Lost, the other, the Pil-
grim's Progress."-T. B. MACAULAY.
···
"The Pilgrim's Progress was so acceptable to the common peo-
ple, by reason of the amusing and parabolical manner of its com-
position, by way of vision, a method he was thought to have such
an extraordinary knack in, that some thought there were commu-
nications made to him in dreams, and that he first really dreamt
over the matter contained in such of his writings. This notion
was not a little propagated by his picture before some of these
books, which is represented in a sleeping posture.”—Oldus's MSS.
"He had the invention, but not the other natural qualifications
which are necessary to constitute a great poet. If his genius had
intended him to be any thing more than a poet in prose, it would
probably, like Shakspeare's, have broken through every difficulty
of birth and station."-DR. KIPPIS.
"The originality of Bunyan's genius is strikingly displayed in
the Holy War. Indeed, the Holy War has no prototype in any
language."-DR. CHEEVER; see his Lectures on Pilgrim's Progresa.
Among the editors of Pilgrim's Progress and biogra-
phers of Bunyan may be mentioned Southey, Ivimey,
Offer, Burder, Gilpin, Mason, Montgomery, Philip, Scott,
Conder, and St. John. Bunyan's Works, 2 vols. fol., 1692,
1736, 37, '60, with Preface by G. Whitefield, 1767;
2 vols. fol., Edin., 1771; 6 vols. 8vo, with Notes by
Mason, Lon., 1784, 6 vols. 8vo; best ed., by Offer, 3 vols.
r. 8vo, Lon., 1853.
Oldys mentions it as the observation of the anonymous
author of a discourse concerning Ridicule and Irony in
Writing, printed in 1729, that Bunyan's Pilgrim's Pro-
gress had infinitely outdone a certain publication which
the author mentions, which perhaps had not made one
convert to infidelity; whereas the Pilgrim's Progress had
converted many sinners to Christ.
1
234
BUN
BUR
|
The Retrospective Review, in comparing Beaumont's' at last, like Belzoni, fell a victim to dysentery, Oct. 15,
Psyche with some of Bunyan's characters, remarks, 1817, when making preparations to commence his long.
delayed journey to Fezzan, to explore the source of the
Niger. His Journal and Memoranda, which he had par
tially prepared for publication, fortunately were preserved,
and transmitted to the African Association, and were pub.
in the following order: 1. Travels in Nubia, and in the
Interior of North-Eastern Africa, performed in 1813; Lon.,
1819, 4to. 2. Travels in Syria and the Holy Land, 1822,
4to. 3. Travels in Arabia, 1829, 4to. 4. Notes on the
Bedouins and Wahabys, 1830, 4to.
"As an allegory, Psyche is exceedingly meagre and inartificial:
the heroine herself is a vague, featureless personification, and her
attendants, Logos and Thelena, (the reason and the will,) are poor
and lifeless compared with the bustling and dramatic personages
of our old friend Bunyan in the siege of Mansoul, My Lord Will
be-Will, Mr. Recorder Conscience, and the rest."-Vol. xii.
-
The same excellent periodical considers that there are
good reasons for the conjecture that Bunyan's Pilgrim's
Progress was suggested by John Carthemy's Voyage of
the Wandering Knight, translated by Goodyeare some
years before Bunyan's imprisonment in Bedford jail. We
shall only remark that, if a supposed or even real simi-
larity between the productions of the human mind is to be
accepted as a proof of derivation, then-to use a favourite
phrase of Dr. Johnson-of such conjectures "there will be
no end." There is, however, a striking resemblance be-
tween some of the adventures of the Wandering Knight
and those of Bunyan's Pilgrim. See Retrosp. Rev., i. 250.
Bunyon, C. J. Law of Life Assurance, Lon., Svo.
Burbury, Mrs. Collects, Epistles, and Gospels Ex-
plained, Lon., 12mo. Florence Sackville; or, Self-De-
pendence, 1851, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Other works.
"Mrs. Burbury possesses a clear appreciation of humour and
pathos, a firm hand in noting down the boundary lines and salient
features of character, and a constancy to the leading plan and pur-
pose of her story. The story of poor Milly-the pathos of which
is fearful-would alone justify us in placing Mrs. Burbury high
among modern novelists."-Lon. Athenaum.
Burbury, John. History of Christianna Alessandra,
Lon., 1658, 12mo. Relation of a Journey of Lord Henry
Howard (afterwards Duke of Norfolk) from London to
Vienna, and thence to Constantinople, Lon., 1671, 12mo.
Burch, Thomas. The Free Grace of God Displayed
in the Salvation of Men; two Essays, 1756, Svo.
"At the request of the worthy Author of the following Essays. I
have perused them; and observe nothing in them but what is agree
able to the sacred Scriptures, to the form of sound Words, to the
analogy of Faith. and the doctrine of the Gospel."-Dr. Gill.
Burchall, James. Con. to Med. Obs. & Inq., iii. 106.
Burchell, Joseph. Digest of the Laws in the King's
Bench and Common Pleas from 1756 to 1794, inclusive,
Lon., 1796, 8vo. Other legal works, &c., 1801, '02. '08.
Burchell, William J. Travels in the Interior of
Southern Africa, Lon., 1822-24, 2 vols. 4to.
The enterprising and successful exertions of Burchell have
taught us that there are scarcely any assignable limits to human
courage and enthusiasm. . . . These travels were undertaken with
. These travels were undertaken with
the intention of exploring the unknown countries lying between
the Cape of Good Hope and the Portuguese Settlements on the
Western Coast, by a circuitous track into the Interior Regions.
The author, after penetrating into the heart of the Continent to
the depth of nearly eleven hundred miles, to a country never be
fore described, met with obstacles which it was found impossible
to surmount, and which compelled him to alter the original plan
of his route. .. His researches have embraced that variety of
subjects which a journey over ground never before trodden by
European foot, and through the strange and unknown regions of
Africa, might be expected to afford.”—Dibdin's Lib. Companion.
Burches, George. The Doctrine of Original Sin
Maintained on Ps. li. 5, Lon., 1655, 8vo.
Burchett, Josiah, Secretary of the Admiralty. Me-
moirs of Transactions at Sea, during the War with France,
1688-97, Lon., 1703, Svo; 1720, fol. This elicited Col.
Luke Lillington's Reflections on Mr. Burchell's Memoirs,
&c., Lon., 1704, Svo. Mr. B. responded in a Justification
of his Naval Memoirs, in answer to Col. L.'s Reflections,
1704, Svo. Complete History of the most remarkable
Transactions at Sea, from the earliest accounts of Time, to
the conclusion of the last war with France, Lon., 1720, fol.
"The great progenitor of all those ponderous tomes of verbosity,
fallacy, and blunders, which for a century have been palmed upon
the public as 'staudard authorities' in naval history and naval
biography."
For an account of this work-"the first British author-
ity which sought to achieve the bold and perilous under-
taking of chronicling occurrences afloat from the earliest
accounts of time"-see The Naval Sketch Book.
•
Burchett, M. The Ark; a Poem, in imitation of Du
Bartas, Lon., 1714, 4to.
“Whether we consider its views of Arab manners, customs, in
stitutions, and other particulars, or its exhibition of the remark-
able Mohammedan sectaries, the Wababys, from their earliest ap
pearance as reformers, to almost the present time, we find abun
dance of matter to gratify curiosity, and entertain and inform the
reader. It is the best account of the Arab tribes we have ever
seen.
”—Lon. Lit. Guz.
6.
•
It throws new light on a race, which has long stood single
among the nations, retaining from age to age a character in which
lofty virtues and odious vices are strangely combined. . . . Bure
hardt has done much towards elucidating the manners of the
Arabians, and communicating an idea of the real condition of
that extraordinary people. . . . This work has thrown new light on
the subject of Bedouin love. courtship. and marriage."-Edin. Rev.
5. Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians il-
lustrated from their Proverbial Sayings current at Cairo,
1830, 4to. He bequeathed his collection of Oriental MSS.
to the University of Cambridge.
Burckhardt combined some of the most essential qualifi-
cations for the life which he adopted. Had he lived a few
years longer-he was cut off at the early age of 33-we
should have possessed invaluable contributions to the stock
of knowledge of a deeply-interesting character.
Burd, Richard, D.D. Sermons, 1684, 1704, 4to.
Burd, William, Surgeon. Con. to Ann. of Med., 1797.
Burde, Andrew. See BORDE.
Burchyer, Henry. Authenticity of the word Ster-
lingorum or Sterling. See Hearne's Collections, ii.321,1771.
Burckhardt, John Ludwig, 178+1817, a native
of Lausanne, Switzerland, arrived in London, July, 1806,
with a letter from the celebrated Blumenbach to Sir Joseph
Banks. In May, 1808, he was engaged by the African
Association to make an attempt to penetrate into the in-
terior of Africa from the North. He sailed from Ports-
mouth in March, 1809, and was engaged until the time of
his death in making arrangements for prosecuting the ob-
ject of his mission. He encountered great hardships, and !
Burden, or Burdin, J., M.D. A Course of Medical
Studies: trans. from the French, Lon., 1803, 3 vols. 8vo.
Burden, W. Poetry for Children; selected, 1805.
Burder, George, 1752-1832, b. in London, minister
Bun-
of the Independent Chapel, Fetter Lane, London.
yan's Pilgrim's Progress; a new edit., with Notes, 1786,
12mo.
The
Evangelical Truth Defended, 1788, Svo.
Welsh Indians, 1797, 8vo. Bunyan's Holy War; a new
edit., with Notes, 1803, 8vo. Supplement to Watts's
Psalms and Hymns, which passed through probably forty
editions. Mr. B. pub. several other works, the best-known
of which is the Collection of Village Sermons, 1799-1812,
6 vols. 8vo, and several editions since; in 1838 they were
pub. in S vols. in 4; 1 vol. 12mo, 1838; do., 1840; do., ed.
by J. Cobbin, 1852, 12mo.
Burder's Village Sermons are highly and deservedly popular,
and very useful.”—LOWNDES; BICKERSTETHI.
Burder, Henry Forster. Funeral Sermon, 1811,
Svo. Discourses on the Divine Attributes, 1822, Svo.
"Its attractive composition, the clearness of its statements. and
the decided character of its evangelical instructions, render it a
valuable and sure guide in the earliest stages of religious inquiry.”
-Congregational Mag.
Lectures on the Pleasures of Religion, 1823, Svo.
“We do not recollect any work that we could more confidently
interesting statement of the pleasures of a religious life."—Ibid.
hands of intelligent and ingenuous youth than this
Lectures on the Essentials of Religion. 1825, Svo.
“We are decidedly of opinion that this volume, compared with
all the other productions of the author, is the chef-daurre, in
point of thought and illustration.”—Ibid.
Four Lectures on the Law of the Sabbath, 1831, Svo.
"Dr. Burder's Lectures present with great perspicuity and con-
ciseness the outlines of the argument, in a form adapted for popu-
lar circulation."-LOWNDES.
Psalms and Hymns, Lon.. 1826, 12mo: of these, 313
are from Dr. Watts. The Eclectic Review considers it the
best of all the selections from Watts. Notes on the Pro-
phecies of the Apocalypse, 1849, p. 8vo.
"For the majority of readers Dr. Burder has gone far enou à
into his theme. . . . To devotional readers the treatise will be very
acceptable.”—Brit. Quarterly Review.
lectual and Moral Habits.
Mental Discipline: Hints on the Cultivation of Intel-
lectual and Moral Habits. Addressed particularly to Stu-
dents in Theology, and Young Preachers. 5th edit., to
Rev. Justin Edwards, Lon., 1846, fp. 8vo.
which is appended an address on Pulpit Eloquence, by the
"As a well-arranged and clearly-expressed exposition of the
author's readings and reflections on mental and moral discipline,
it will richly repay the attentive perusal of the important classes
for whom it is especially prepared."-Lon. Biblical Review.
Serms. preached at St. Thomas's Square Chapel, Hack-
ney, 1854, Svo.
Burder, John. Elementary Discourses, Stroudw.,
1819, 12mo. Lectures on Religion, Holdsw., 1826. Svo.
"A work of great utility.”—Congreg. Mag.
285
BUR
BUR
A Memoir of Thomas Harrison Burder, M.D., 1844, 12mo.
"Mr. Burder has executed his task-by no means an easy one—
with prudence and good taste."-Christian Examiner.
Burder, Samuel, late of Clare Hall, Cambridge, and
Lecturer of Christ Church, Newgate street, and St. Leo-
nard's, Foster Lane, London. The Moral Law, Lon., 1795,
12mo. Christian Directory, 1800, 12mo. Owen's Display
of Arminianism a new edit., revised and corrected.
Oriental Customs; or an Illustration of the Sacred Scrip-
tures, &c., Lon., 1802-07, 2 vols. 8vo; several edits.; 1839,
8vo; much improved since first pub.
**
Á useful abridgment of Harmer's Observations, with many
valuable additions from recent voyagers and travellers, arranged
in the order of the Books, Chapters, and Verses of the Bible."-T.
H. HORNE.
•
Trans. into German (with corrections and additions,
since incorporated in Burder's work) by Rosenmüller,
Leips., 1819, 4 vols. Svo.
“Mr. Burder's work has not only been composed with consider-
able labour, but this labour will be productive of much utility:
The arrangement of the observations according to the order of
Scripture will render the work an acceptable book of reference to
Divines and Biblical Scholars.”—Lon. Monthly Review.
"It leaves out much that is valuable in Harmer.”—Orme's Bibl. B.
Oriental Literature applied to the Illustration of the
Sacred Scriptures, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Had Mr. Burder been a profound Oriental scholar, this might
have been made a very interesting book. . . . But mere compila-
tions of this nature, however faithfully executed, cannot deeply
interest the Biblical scholar. The real and most formidable diffi-
culties of Scriptural expression and allusion are never met by
them."―ORME.
Oriental Customs, Lon., 1831, sm. Svo, 4th edit., Lon.,
1847, fp. Svo. This volume contains a selection from the
more popular articles contained in the two preceding works,
with additions from recent publications.
Memoirs of eminently pious British Women; new edit.,
1815, 3 vols. Svo; and 1823, 3 vols. 12mo. The Scripture
Expositor, 1809, 2 vols. 4to. This work also illustrates
Scripture by the assistance of Eastern Customs. Of the
value of such illustrations there can be no question.
"The manners of the East, amidst all the changes of govern-
ment and religion. are still the same: they are living impressions
from an original mould; and at every step some object, some
idiom. some dress, or some custom of common life, reminds the
traveller of ancient times, and confirms, above all, the beauty, the
accuracy, and the propriety of the language and the history of the
Bible."-Morier's Second Journey through Persia.
Burder, William. Religious Ceremonies and Cus-
toms, Lon., 1841, Svo. Formed on the basis of Picart's
work, and contains much instructive matter.
Burdett, Charles. Sermon, 1724, 4to.
Burdett, Charles. Sermon, 1760, 4to. Pilgrim's
Progress Versified, 1804.
Burdett, Charles, b. 1815 in the city of New York.
Emma; or the Lost Found. Adopted Child. Trials and
Triumphs. Never too late. Chances and Changes. Ma-
rion Desmond. The Gambler, &c. Editor of Barring-
ton's Physical Geography. Contrib. to many periodicals.
Burdett, Sir Francis, M.P. for Westmin. Speeches,
1802, '04, '09, '12. Addresses to Constituents, 1810.
Burdett, Mrs. Walter Hamilton, Lon., 3 vols. p. Svo.
Burdin. See BURDEN.
Burdon, Miss. 1. All Classes, Lon., 3 vols. p. 8vo.
2. Forrester's Daughter, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 3. Friends of Fon-
tainebleau, 3 vols. p. Svo. 4. Lost Evidence, 3 vois. p. 8vo.
5. The Pope and the Actor, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 6. Seymour of
Sudley, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 7. Thirst for Gold, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
8. Ward of the Crown, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
Burdon, William. Pocket Farrier, 1730, '45, Svo.
Burdon, William. Three Letters to the Bishop of
Llandaff, 1795, Svo. On the Pursuits of Literature, 1799-
1800, Svo. Politics, Morality, and Literature, 1800, Svo.
Materials for Thinking, 1803-10, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d edit.,
1814, 2 vols. 8vo. Advice, 1803. Other literary and poli-
tical works.
Burwood, Jane. Faith and Patience, Lon., 1693.
Burdy, Samuel. Life of Philip Skelton, 1792, Svo.
History of Ireland from the earliest ages to the Union,
1817, Svo.
Bureau, James. Medical Essays, Lon., 1777, '89, '92.
Burford, John, of King's College, Cambridge. In-
stitutionem Metaphysicarum, lib. ii., Lon., 1654, Svo. In-
stitutiones Metaphysicæ, Oxf., 1675, 12mo. Institutiones
Logica, Camb., 1680, Svo.
Burford, Samuel. Ordination Sermon, 1765, 4to.
Burge, William, Queen's Counsel, d. 1850, aged 63.
Commentaries on the Law of Suretyship, last edit., Lon.,
1849. 8vo; 1st Amer. edit., Boston, 1817, 8vo. This work
will be found of great use to the American lawyer as well
as to the members of the English Bar.
236
Observations on the Supreme Appellate Jurisdiction of
Great Britain, Lon., 1841, Svo. Commentaries on Colo..
nial and Foreign Laws generally, and in their conflict
with each other and with the Law of England, Lon., 1838,
4 vols. 8vo; new edit. in course of preparation.
This work should stand on the same shelf with Mr. Jus-
tice Story's Treatise upon the Conflict of Laws. This emi-
nent author thus refers to Burge's work:
"It exhibits great learning and research, aud as its merits are
not as yet generally known to the profession on this side of the
Atlantic. I have made many references to it, with the view of en-
abling the profession to obtain many more illustrations of the doc-
trines than my own brief text would suggest, and also fully te
appreciate his learned labours.”
|
Restoration and Repairs of the Temple Church, 1843,
8vo. The Choral Service of the Anglo-Catholic Church
1844, Svo.
Burges. The Pope's Deadly Wound.
and Original of the Noble Art and Mystery of Printing,
Burges, Francis. Some Observations on the Use
Norwich, 1701, Svo. This is often called the first book
printed at Norwich; but this is an error.
Burges, G. H. Plato;-Four Dialogues: Crito, Greater
Hippias, Second Alcibiades, and Sisyphus; with English
Notes, original and selected. In this edition, Bekker's
Text is adopted, and the whole of Heindorf's Notes are
translated.
"It is owing to the erudition and research of the editor that
these dialogues may now be pronounced no longer a sealed book,
which none but great scholars could ever hope even imperfectly
to understand."-New Monthly Mag.
Burges, George. Remarks on Mr. Wakefield's In-
quiry relative to Public Worship, Lon., 1792, 8vo. A Let-
ter to Thomas Paine, 1794, Svo. Euripides Troades,
1807, Svo. Euripides Phonissæ; Cum Notulis, 1810, 8vo.
Other works.
Burges, James. Inoculation, 2d ed., 1754, Lon., 8vo.
Burges, Sir James Bland. Heroic Epistle from
Sergeant Bradshaw, in the Shades, to John Dunning, Esq.,
1788. Law of Insolvency, 1783, Svo. Alfred's Letters,
1792, Svo. The Birth and Triumph of Love; a Poem,
1796, 4to. Richard the First, an Epic Poem, 1801, 2 vols.
Svo. Riches, a Play, 1810, Svo. Reasons in favour of a
new trans. of the Holy Scriptures, Lon., 1819, Svo.
W
This work, though designed as a defence of Mr. Bellamy's
strange performance, in reply to the Quarterly Review of that
adopt all the learned Baronet's reasons or reasonings, in their sup-
work, is worth consulting, though the reader will not be likely to
port."―ORME: Bibl. Brit.
Sir James pub. some other works.
Burges, Samuel. Ordination sermon, 1707, 8vo.
Burgess, Mrs. The Oaks, or the Beauties of Can-
terbury; a Comedy, 1780, Svo.
Burgess, or Burges, Anthony, a Nonconformist
clergyman, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge,
and afterwards became a Fellow of Emmanuel College. In
1635 he obtained the living of Sutton-Colfield, Warwick-
shire, but submitted to ejectment after the Restoration.
Vindicia Legis, Lon., 1546, 4to. 155 Sermons on the 17th
Chapter of St. John, Lon., 1646, '56, '61, fol.
"Full of sound doctrine, methodically arranged, and closely ap
plied in very plain language.”—DR. E. WILLIAMS.
Spiritual and experimental."-BICKERSTETII.
*6.
The True Doctrine of Justification asserted and vindi-
cated, 1648, 4to. Treatise on Justification, 1654, 4to.
▸▸
This work is a great favourite with those who hold the doctrine
of Christ's imputed righteousness."-LOWNDES.
Commentaries on the 1st and 2d Corinthians, 1661,
2 vols. fol.
"This deserves the same character as his work on John."
DR. E. WILLIAMS.
Other theological works. Bishop Hacket used to say that
Burgess was fit for a Professor's Chair in the University.
nent preacher, and a sound and orthodox divine."-DR. JOHN WAL-
"A pious, learned, and able scholar, a good disputant, an emi-
LIS, a pupil of Burgess.
formist divine, d. 1665, was entered at Oxford in 1611.
Burgess, or Burges, Cornelius, D.D., a Noncon-
On taking holy orders he obtained the rectory of St. Mag-
living of Watford in Hertfordshire. He was chaplain in
nus, London-bridge, and in 1618 he was presented to the
ordinary to Charles I., and a zealous friend to the Church
in the earlier part of his life, but, as Wood alleges, from
disappointment, he afterwards sided with the Parliamen-
tary party, and after the murder of the king shared
ing a book to justify such speculations, entitled No Sacri
largely in the spoils; purchasing Church lands, and writ
lege nor Sinne to Aliene or Purchase the Lands of Bishops,
8vo, (3d edit., abbreviated, 1660, 4to.)
or others, whose Offices are Abolished, 2d edit., Lon., 1659,
"This second impression, as I apprehended, was wrote upon a
BUR
BUR
prospet of the King's coming in. and danger of losing all; for it
is wrote in a very mortified style."-COLE.
The king did "come in," and Burgess's speculations
proved rather unprofitable:
"He was bid for his purchase, not long before the King's return,
about £20,000, but refus'd it. And the King unexpectedly (to him)
returning in the year 1660, and bishops and deans being restored,
he lost all his purchas'd lands, and became so poor (ingens justitia
divine documentum) that he had not bread to eat, as it appears
in his own letter to Sir Richard Browne.”—DR. BARLOW, in Alhen.
Ozon.
He pub. several other theological tracts, among them,
He pub. several other theological tracts, among them,
Baptismal Regeneration of Elect Infants, Oxf., 1629, 4to.
"An unsatisfactory work."-BICKERSTETH.
Burgess, Daniel, 1645-1712, a Dissenting divine,
was entered at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, in 1660. In 1667
the Earl of Orrery appointed him master of a school at
Charleville, Ireland. In 1685 he took charge of a congre-
gation in Brydges Street, Covent Garden, London, after-
wards in Carey Street. Sermon on Eccles. xii. 1, Lon.,
1660, fol. 18 Directions for saving Conversion to God,
1691, Svo. Causa Dei; or, Counsel to the Rich, Lon.,
1697, 8vo. The Golden Snuffers, a sermon on Exod.
xxxvii. 23, 1697. Other theolog. treatises. Burgess was
celebrated for a random wit which sometimes forgot the
propriety of times and seasons and startled the pulpit
with unseemly levity. Yet he had many occasional hearers
from the theatre in his vicinity, and his lively zeal for
souls made him ready to "become all things to all men."
Perhaps the most unsatisfactory and reckless of the pupils
upon whom his admonitions were thrown away was HENRY
ST. JOHN, (afterwards) LORD BOLINGBROKE, to whom Bur-
gess was for some time tutor.
Burgess, Daniel. A Short Account of the Roman
Senate, Lon., 1729, 4to.
Burgess, George, D.D., Bishop of the P. Episcopal
Church in the State of Maine, was born Oct. 31, 1809, at
Providence, Rhode Island; was educated at Brown Uni-
versity, (where he was for some time a tutor,) and studied
at the Universities of Gottingen, Bonn, and Berlin: Rec-
tor of Christ Church, Hartford, 1834-1847; consecrated
Bishop of Maine, Oct. 31, 1847, and became, at the same
time, Rector of Christ Church, Gardiner. He has pub.
several sermons and two academic poems. The Book of
Psalms in English Verse, N.Y., 12mo. Pages from the
Ecclesiastical History of New England, 12mo. The Last
Enemy Conquering and Conquered, Phila., 1850, 12mo.
Sermons on the Christian Life, 1854, 12mo.
"Remarkable for comprehension of thought, beauty and sim-
plicity of style, and for the profit and interest with which they
are read."
Burgess, Rev. Henry, LL.D. Amateur Gardener's
Year-Book, Lon., 1857, Svo.
"This is, beyond compare, the best book of its class that has
come under our notice. It is really popular.”—L'm. Critic.
Burgess, J. Beelzebub Driven and Drowning his
Hogs; a sermon on Mark v. 12, 13, 1670, Svo.
Burgess, John. The Lawfulness of Kneeling in re-
ceiving the Lord's Supper, Lon.. 1631, 4to. Contains an
answer to a Reply to Dr. Morton's Defence of those nocent
Ceremonies.
Burgess, John Cart. Flower Painting, Lon., 1811.
Useful Hints on Drawing and Painting, 1818, etc.
Burgess, Richard. Topography and Antiquities of
Rome, 1831, 2 vols. 8vo. Greece and the Levant, or Diary
of a Summer's Excursion in 1834, 35, 2 vols. 12mo.
"These little volumes are valuable as guides for tourists, and
pleasingly describe the most interesting portions of Greece, Tur-
key, and Western Asia.”—Lmm. Athenæum.
the most powerful instrumentality for the subversion of
error and establishment of truth-the SUNDAY-SCHOOL
system. The bishop was a very voluminous writer; hi3
biographer, J. S. Harford, enumerates nearly 100 publica-
tions of his. To this biography, 2d edit., pub. Lon., 1841,
12mo, we refer the reader. We notice a few of his works:
Burton's Pentalogia, with an Appendix, and a few expla-
natory Notes, 1780, 2 vols. 8vo. Dawes's Miscellanea
Critica Iterum edita, 1781, 8vo; reprinted at Leipsic, 1800.
An Essay on the Study of Antiquities, 2d edit., Oxf., 1782,
8vo. Considerations on the Abolition of Slavery, 1789,
8vo: recommending gradual emancipation. The Divinity
of Christ proved from his own Assertions, &c.; a sermon,
1790, 4to; of this doctrine the bishop was a zealous de-
fender. He pub., 1814-20, a number of tracts on the
Trinity, &c., which were collected into one volume in
1820; and in 1822 and 1824 he pub. Annotationes Millii,
&c., and a selection of Tracts and Observations on John
v. 7, and wrote some treatises upon this question. The
zeal of the bishop whilst espousing the genuineness of
this verse drew him into a controversy with Professor
Turton, who defended Porson against a charge made by
the prelate. Elementary Evidences of the Truth of Chris-
tianity, in a series of Easter Catechisms. This valuable
work has been frequently reprinted. Reasons why a new
Translation of the Bible should not be published, 1816,
Svo. Initia Paulina, 1804, 12mo.
Some of the most valuable illustrations of the style of St.
Paul's Epistles, that can be offered to the attention of the student."
-British Critic.
"This small work is adapted to aid the critical student of Paul's
Epistles." ORME.
His Hebrew Elements, 1807, and Hebrew Primer, 1808,
are valuable assistants to the student. A Letter to the
The Circus, and Circensian Games, p. Svo.
Burgess, Richard. Observations on an Appeal to
mombers of the Society for P. C. K., Lon., 1844, Svo.
Burgess, Thomas, D.D., 1756-1837, a native of
Odiham, Hampshire, educated at Winchester School, and
at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he obtained a
scholarship in 1775, and a fellowship in 1783. He became
Bishop of St. David's in 1803, translated to Salisbury in
1825. He was distinguished for industry as an author,
and zeal in the discharge of ministerial duties. Whilst
chaplain to Dr. Shute Barrington, his predecessor in the
bishopric of Salisbury, he laboured assiduously in the pro-
motion of that Christian charity-next to the ministry
Clergy of St. David's, 1825, 8vo. Christian Theocracy,
&c., 1835, 12mo. In addition to the Life by Harford, con-
sult Horne's Introduction for notice of some of the writ-
ings of this learned and useful prelate.
..
He resembled an ancient father of the church in simplicity
and unwearied industry, and the unruffled calm of a meditative
and holiness, and was distinguished alike for extensive learning
Burgh, James, 1714-1775, a native of Madderty,
Robertson the historian. He was educated at the Univer-
Perthshire, Scotland, was a cousin, by the mother's side, of
business in the linen trade, in which he lost all of his pro-
sity of St. Andrew's, and on leaving college commenced
Perty. Returning to London, he became corrector of the
the purpose of becoming assistant in a grammar school at
press in Bowyer's printing office, which he left in 1746 for
Marlow, in Buckinghamshire. In 1747 he established a
school at Stoke Newington, (removed to Newington-Green
in 1750,) Middlesex, which was very successful. He la-
boured in this useful occupation until 1771, when he re-
tired, and settled at Islington, where he resided until his
death. Britain's Remembrancer, Lon., 1745: 5 edits. in
about 2 years, and reprinted in Scotland, Ireland, and
America. Thoughts on Education, 1747. A Hymn to the
Creator of the World, &c.; 2d edit., 1750, Svo. A Warn-
to Dram Driukers, 1751, 12mo. Had this warning
been effectual in his own day and succeeding times, what
an amount of poverty, misery, crime, and moral and spi-
ritual death had been prevented! The Free Inquirer, pub.
in The General Evening Post, 1753, 4to. Dignity of Hu-
man Nature, 1754, 4to. The Art of Speaking, 1762, Sro.
An Account of the Cessares; a people of S. America,
1764, Svo. Crito; or Essays on Various Subjects, 1766,
77, 3 vols. 12mo.
He became 77, 3 vols. 12mo. The Constitutionalist; pub. in The
Gazetteer. 1770. Political Disquisitions, 1774, 75, 3 vols.
Svo. This work is on a very comprehensive plan. The
author intended to carry it further, had he lived. The
Colonist's Advocate in The Gazetteer; afterwards pub. by
a bookseller under the title of Youth's Friendly Monitor.
“He was a man of great piety, integrity, and benevolence. II
mind."-DR. PEARSON.
**
Bishop Burgess deserves well of the Christian public for the
varied encouragements which he has presented to the cultivation
of Biblical literature."-Orme's B.Ul. Bib.
Burgess, Tristam. The Battle of Lake Erie, with
notice of Commodore Elliott's Conduct in that engage-
ment, 1839, 12mo. Speeches, &c.
Burgess, Wm. Funeral Sermon, Colches., 1831, Svo.
Burgesse, John. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1709, '28.
Burgh, A. or R. 1. Sacred History. 2. Music, 4
vols., 1805, '14.
Burgh, or Burghe, Benedict. Cato trans. into
English, 1480, fol., by Caxton.
6.
Burghe's performance is too jejune for transcription; and. I
suspect, would not have afforded a single splendid extract, had
even the Latin possessed any sparks of poetry."—Warton's Eng.
Portry
Lectures on the Insufficiency of Unrevealed Religion,
and on the succeeding Influence of Christianity, 1839, Svo.
"Considerable interest attaches to these Lectures from the fact
hat they were delivered to a Protestant congregation within the
onfines of the Vatican; and the preface contains an account, as
mportant as it is delightful, of the origin and progress of this
hurch. The Lectures themselves are a valuable addition to the
arious treatises on the evidences of revealed religiou.”—Lon.ing
Christian Remembrancer.
287
BUR
BUR
bad a warmth of heart which engaged him to enter ardently into
the prosecution of any valuable design, and his temper was com-
municative and cheerful."
See Biog. Brit.; Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes.
Burgh, Sydenham. Sermon, 1723, Svo.
Burgh, Thomas. Right-lined Figures, Dub.,1724,4to.
Burgh, William, LL.D., M.P., 1741-1808, a native
of Ireland. Scriptural Confutations of the Arguments
produced by Mr. Theop. Lindsay against the One Godhead
of Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, Lon., 1773, and An In-
quiry, &c., being a sequel to the above work, 1778, Svo.
A masterly work, highly commended by Bishop Hurd, Mr.
Toplady, and other clergymen.”—LOWNDES.
66
For this work the University of Oxford awarded to the
author the honour of a doctor's degree.
Burgh, William, of Trinity College, Dublin. Ex-
position of the Book of Revelation; 3d. edit., Dubl., 1834,
12mo.
"An attempt to set aside all preceding expositions of this book
on very unsatisfactory and insufficient grounds; yet with practi-
cal and useful remarks."-BICKERSTETH.
Six Discourses on the Nature and Influence of Faith,
Dubl., 1835, sm. Svo.
"This work is perfectly sound upon the essential points of
Christianity, but it is often peculiar in its mode of stating them,
and states new views upon minor points."-Presbyt. Review.
Lectures on the Second Advent of Christ, and Connected
Events, &c.; 2d edit. enlarged, Dubl., 1835, 12mo.
See a review of this work in the Dublin Christian Ex-
aminer.
"This was answered by Mr. Cunninghame (with too much
sharpness, but ably) in his Church of Rome, the Apostasy.”.
BICKERSTETH.
Other theological works.
Burghley, Lord. See CECIL, SIR WILLIAM.
Burghope, George. Sermons, &c., 1695, '97, 1704.
Burghope, M. Sermon, 1701, 4to.
Burgon, John William. Petra, a Poem, Lon., 2d
ed., 1846, p. 8vo. Life, Times, and Contemporaries of Sir
Thomas Gresham, 2 vols. 8vo.
"These are two magnificent volumes in regard to size, illustra-
tion, and typography. Nor are their literary contents unworthy
their external splendour, or the fame of the distinguished mer-
chant to whose biography they are devoted."-United Service Mug.
Burgoyne, John, Lieut. General, M.P., d. 1792, was
engaged in military service in several parts of the world,
and obtained considerable distinction as an author. He
married the daughter of the Earl of Derby. Letter to his
Constituents upon his late Resignation, 1779, 8vo.
stance of his Speeches upon M. Vyner's Motion, 1778, Svo.
State of the Expedition from Canada, 1780, 8vo. The
Lord of the Manor; Comic Opera, 1781, 8vo. This piece
contains the beautiful lines commencing
"Encompassed in an Angel's Frame."
The Heiress; a Comedy, 1786, Svo.
"Every reader of the Heiress will mark the striking parallel-
isms between many passages in it and the School for Scandal."
He contributed The Westminster Guide to the celebrated
Probationary Odes. His Dramatic and Poetical Works,
with Memoir of the Author, appeared in 1808, 2 vols. 12mo.
"The various offerings to the Muses. which were presented by
an accomplished gentleman and a brave and skilful officer."
Lon. Monthly Review.
Burgoyne, Montagu. Polit. Letters and Speeches,
+
·
K
1807, '10, '11.
Burhill, or Burghill, Robert, 1572-1641, a native
of Dymock, Gloucestershire, was admitted at 15 scholar
of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and probationer Fellow
in 1584. He was presented to the living of Northwold in
Norfolk, and was made Canon residentiary of Hereford.
Invitatorius panegyricus, ad Regem Optimum de Eliza-
bethæ nuper Reginæ posteriore ad Oxoniam Adventu, &c.,
Oxon., 1603, 4to. De Potestate Regia et Usurpatione Pa-
pali, &c., Oxon., 1613, 8vo. Other works, for a notice of
which see Athen. Oxon. Burhill rendered valuable assist-
ance to Sir Walter Raleigh when he was composing his
History of the World, in "criticisms and the reading of
Greek and Hebrew authors." Wood gives him a high cha-
racter:
"He was a person of great reading and profound judgment,
was well vers'd in the fathers and schoolmen, right learned and
well grounded in the Hebrew tongue, an exact disputant, and in
his younger years a noted Latin poet.”—Athen. Oxón,
Burk, or Burke, John. The History of Virginia,
from its first Settlement to the Present Time; commenced
by John Burk, and continued by Shelton Jones, and Louis
Rue Girardin, 1801-16: seldom found complete, as almost
all the copies of vol. iv., by Girardin, pub. in 1816, were
vccidentally destroyed. Perhaps 20 or 30 copies of vol.
iv. may be in existence.
Burke, Mrs. Ela; a Tale, 1787, 12mo. The Sor-
rows of Edith, 1796, 2 vols. 12mo. Adela Nerthington,
1796, 3 vols. 12mo. The Secret of the Cavern, 1805, 2
vols. 12mo. Elliott, or Vicissitudes of Early Life, 1800,
2 vols. 12mo. The ungallant Monthly Reviewers notice
this work in the following-not very complimentary-
style:
To those who can receive pleasure from the mere narration of
successive events, without requiring any accordancy with nature
and probability; and who can read the tale of thwarted love and
suffering virtue without regarding poverty of diction or faults of
style; the history of Elliott may prove an interesting production.”
-Lon. Monthly Review, 1801.
Burke, Aedanus, d. 1802, aged 59, a native of Gal-
way, Ireland, emigrated to America, where he became a
Judge in South Carolina, and a member of Congress. Ad-
dress to the Freemen of South Carolina, by Cassius, 1783.
Considerations upon the Order of Cincinnati, 1783.
Burke, Sir Bernard, Ulster King-of-Arms.
BURKE, JOHN.
See
Burke, B. W. A Compendium of the Anatomy, Phy-
siology, and Pathology of the Horse, 1806, 12mo.
Burke, E. P. An Historical Essay on the Laws and
Government of Rome, designed as an Introduction to the
Study of the Civil Law; 2d edit., Cambridge, 1830, 8vo.
"The best historical view of the Roman Constitution that has yet
appeared from the hands of any English civilian or historian, and ex-
ceeded by few, if any, of the continental essays on the same subject.”
Burke, Edmund, 1728–1797, one of the greatest of
the sons of men, was a native of Dublin. Mr. Prior agrees
with other authorities in assigning January 1, 1730, as the
date of his birth, but we adopt the decision recorded in the
last edition of his works, (Lon., 1852, 8 vols. r. Svo,) al-
though his sister Juliana was baptized in this year. The
family is descended from the Norman Burghs, or De Burghs,
(of which Burke or Bourke-for it is even now spelt both
ways-is a corruption,) who emigrated to Ireland under
Strongbow, temp. Henry II. His father, Richard Burke,
was an attorney, first in Limerick, and afterwards in Dub-
lin. About 1725 he married Miss Mary Nagle, of the an-
cient family of that name, still existing near Castletown
Roche, county of Cork. Of their fourteen or fifteen chil-
dren, all died young except Garret, Edmund, Richard, and
Juliana. In 1741 the three brothers were placed at a school
at Ballitore, conducted by an excellent master named Abra-
ham Shackleton, a Quaker. With this gentleman and his
son Richard, bis successor, Burke kept up the most friendly
relations until the death of the son in 1792. As a boy,
Edmund was distinguished for that devoted application to
the acquisition of knowledge, and remarkable powers of
comprehension and retention, which accompanied him
through life. "When we were at play," remarked his
brother Richard, "he was always at work." In 1744 he
entered Trinity College, Dublin, as a pensioner. In 1746
he was elected a scholar of the house; commenced A.B.,
Feb. 23, 1747-48, and proceeded A.M., 1751. Goldsmith
who was his fellow-student, tells us that he was not distin-
guished for any remarkable superiority of talents; but the
truth seems to be that he was zealously employed in laying
in those stores of useful rather than brilliant knowledge,
which afterwards proved of such service to him in the prac-
tical business of life. Yet he did not scorn the blandish-
ments of the muse; for he composed very creditable poetry,
and studied with delight the poems of Shakspeare, Spenser,
Milton, and Young. Having determined to adopt the Law
as his profession, he was entered of the Middle Temple,
April 23, 1747, and early in 1750 arrived in London to keep
the customary terms previous to being called to the Bar.
He changed his views, however, for at the expiration of the
usual time he was not called. In 1752 or 1753 he offered
himself as candidate for the Professorship of Logic in the
University of Glasgow, but, fortunately for the world and
his future fame, was unsuccessful. It is said, indeed, that
he withdrew his application when informed that arrange-
ments had already been made by those interested which
precluded any hope of his election. Mr. James Clow was
elected to the vacant chair. Having much leisure upon
his hands, Burke devoted it to assiduous study, occasionally
amusing himself by original compositions. Some of his
pieces were published, but it is impossible at this time to
know what they were. One of the first, Arthur Murphy
believed to be a poem, or poetical translation from the La-
tin. His first avowed publication, the Vindication of Natu-
ral Society, by a late Noble Writer, which appeared in the
spring of 1756, Svo, pp. 166, was a most successful imita-
tion of the style, language, and thought of Lord Boling-
broke. The object was a most praiseworthy one. His
lordship's philosophical (infidel) works had appeared in
1754, pub. by David Mallet, and exited much attention.
288
BUR
BUR
Burke laboured to show that if the abuses of, or evils some-
times connected with, religion, invalidate its authenticity,
authority, or usefulness, then every institution, however
beneficial, must be abandoned.
|
"His object was to expose his lordship's mode of reasoning, by
running it out into its legitimate consequences. He therefore ap-
plied it to civil society. He undertook, in the person of Boling
broke, and with the closest imitation of his impetuous and over-
bearing eloquence, to expose the crimes and wretchedness which
have prevailed under every form of government, and thus to show
that society is itself an evil, and the savage state the only one fa-
vourable to virtue and happiness. In this pamphlet he gave the
most perfect specimen which the world has ever seen of the art of
imitating the style and manner of another. He went beyond the
mere choice of words, the structure of sentences, and the cast of
imagery, into the deepest recesses of thought; and so completely
had he imbued himself with the spirit of Bolingbroke, that he
brought out precisely what every one sees his lordship ought to
have said on his own principles, and might be expected to say, if
he dared to express his sentiments."
The merit of this production was the better appreciated
from the current opinion of literary men that Bolingbroke's
style was "not only the best of that time, but in itself
wholly inimitable." The critics were completely deceived:
"Almost everybody received it as a posthumous work of Lord
Bolingbroke: and so far from being looked upon as one of the hasty
sketches of his youth, or the gleanings of old age, it was praised
up to the standard of his best writings. The critics knew the turn
of his periods, his style, his phrases, and above all, the matchless
dexterity of his metaphysical pen. Charles Macklin, with the
pamphlet in his hand, used frequently to exclaim at the Grecian
Coffee-house, (where he gave a kind of literary law to the young
Templars at that time,) Sir, this must be Harry Bolingbroke; I
know him by his cloven foot!' The Earl of Chesterfield, who had
been an intimate friend of Bolingbroke, and was a copyist of his
style, acknowledged that he was for some time deceived in this
point; and Bishop Warburton-an abler man than either of their
lordships-exclaimed in his usual rough style You see, sir, the
fellow's principles; they now come out in a full blaze.””
<
We need not be surprised at this when we remember
that to use the language of Mr. Prior—
"The imitation indeed was so perfect as to constitute identity,
rather than resemblance. It was not merely the language, style,
and general eloquence of the original which had been caught; but
the whole mind of the peer, his train of thought, the power to enter
into his conception, seemed to be transferred into the pen' of his
imitator, with a fidelity and grace beyond the reach of art.""
A celebrated critic, alluding to the successful imitation
of all of the noble writer's characteristics, remarks:
<
"In Burke's imitation of Bolingbroke (the most perfect specimen
perhaps that ever will exist of the art in question) we have all the
qualities which distinguish the style. or, we may indeed say, the
genius, of that noble writer, concentrated and brought before us."
This pamphlet was reprinted in 1765, with a preface by
the author, in which he modestly remarks:
"If some inaccuracies in calculation, in reasoning, or in method,
be found, perhaps these will not be looked upon as faults by the
admirers of Lord Bolingbroke: who will, the editor is afraid, ob-
serve much more of his lordship's character in such particulars of
the following letter, than they are likely to find of that rapid tor-
rent of an impetuous and overbearing eloquence, and the variety
of rich imagery, for which that writer is justly admired.”
A few months afterwards, in the same year, appeared A
Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the
Sublime and Beautifal, Svo; pub. by Dodsley.
Dodsley. This Essay
was received with great applause.
"Of this celebrated work, so long before the public, which now
forms a text-book in liberal education, and one of reference in our
universities, little more need he said, than that it is perfectly ori-
ginal in the execution and design. Longinus, indeed, had written
on the sublime, and Addison partially on grandeur and beauty,
but neither of them profoundly nor distinctly: they exemplify
and illustrate rather than analyze, or dive to the sources of those
impressions on the mind; and they even confound the sublime
with the beautiful, on many occasions. But Mr. Burke's book
marks the line between them so distinctly, as that they cannot be
mistaken; he investigates the constituents and appearances of
each scientifically, and illustrates his views with great happiness."
-PRIOR.
"We have an example of true criticism in Burke's Essay on the
Sublime and Beautiful."-DR. JOHNSON.
"Though we think the author mistaken in many of his funda-
mental principles, and also in his deductions from them, yet we
must say we have read his book with pleasure. He has certainly
employed much thinking: there are many ingenious and elegant
remarks, which, though they do not enforce or improve his first
position, yet, considering them detached from his system, they are
new and just. And we cannot dismiss this article without recom-
monding a perusal of the book to all our readers, as we think they
will be recompensed by a great deal of sentiment, a perspicuous,
elegant, and harmonious style, in many passages both sublime and
beautiful."ARTHUR MURPHY.
Lord Jeffrey entirely dissents from the theory pro-
pounded by Mr. Burke:
"His explanation is founded upon a species of materialism.-
not much to have been expected from the general character of his
genius, or the strain of his other speculatious.-for it resolves en-
tirely into this, that all objects appear beautiful which have the
power of producing a peculiar relaxation of our nerves and fibres,
and thus inducing a certain degree of bodily languor and sinking.
Of all the suppositions that have been at any time hazarded to
explain the phenomena of beauty, this, we think, is the most un-
fortunate, and the most weakly supported. There is no philosophy
in the doctrine; and the fundamental assumption is in every way
contradicted by the most familiar experience. There is no relax-
ation of the fibres in the perception of beauty, and there is no
pleasure in the relaxation of the fibres. If there were, it would
follow that a warm bath would be by far the most beautiful thing
in the world, and that the brilliant lights and bracing airs of a
fine autumn morning would be the very reverse of beautiful. Ac-
cordingly, though the treatise alluded to will always be valuable
on account of the many fine and just remarks it contains, we are
not aware that there is any accurate inquirer into the subject,
(with the exception perhaps of Mr. Price, in whose hands, however,
the doctrine assumes a new character,) by whom the fundamental
principles of the theory has not been explicitly abandoned."--
Article "Beauty" in Encyc. Bril.; Jeffrey's Miscellanies.
Whatever may be thought of the correctness of Mr.
Burke's theory, the practical value of his treatise to him-
self is not to be disputed, for it at once secured him the
acquaintance of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Dr. Samuel Johnson,
and other literary celebrities, whose congenial friendship
formed no small portion of the happiness of his future life.
In June, 1758, appeared the first number of the Annual
Register, which, with the usual longevity attaching to
successful English periodicals, is published to the present
day. This review of the civil, political, and literary trans-
actions of the times, is said to have been suggested to
Dodsley, the publisher, by Burke.
Dodsley, the publisher, by Burke. He conducted it for
many years, and when no longer holding the pen himself,
directed that of Mr. Ireland, his substitute.
Professor Smyth, in his lectures upon the American
War, (one of the exciting topics which came under the
notice of this periodical,) after recommending a number
of publications of the day, remarks:
66
They who are not at leisure to examine these books and pam-
phlets, will find the volumes of the Annual Register an excellent
substitute for them all. They contain, in the most concise form,
the most able, impartial, and authentic history of the dispute
which can be found. The account is understood to have been
drawn up by Burke, and if so, (and there is no doubt of it.) the
arguments on each side are displayed with an impartiality which
is quite admirable."-Lectures on Modern History.
The health of the young author requiring relaxation, and
the care of a judicious adviser; his friend and countryman,
Dr. Christopher Nugent, an excellent physician, invited
him to take up his residence in his own hospitable man-
sion, that he might be the better able to study his case,
and administer to his medical wants. The good doctor
had a lovely and most amiable daughter;-the rest may
be readily imagined: the patient ventured to prescribe
for himself the disease having reached the heart, and re-
quiring prompt measures-and in 1757 Miss Jane Mary
Nugent became Mrs. Edmund Burke. The eulogy of this
estimable woman may be written in one sentence of her
husband's; he declared that amid all the trials, the con-
flicts, and the disappointments of political life, "every
care vanished the moment he entered under his own roof."
She who can thus convert her husband's "castle" into a
palace of pleasure and "bower of delights," finds her
priceless reward where she seeks it, in the affection of her
husband; and in the present case, what higher honour
could be coveted and acquired which could add aught of
dignity to the proud title of the wife of Edmund Burke!
Two sons were the result of this happy union; Richard,
who died unmarried in 1794, and Christopher, who was
called away whilst yet an infant. It may be proper to
mention here, that the present lineal representative of Mr.
Burke's branch of his family is Thomas Haviland Burke,
Esq., of Lincoln's Inn, grand-nephew to Edmund Burke,
daughter of Juliana Burke. In April, 1757, was published
and son of Lieut. Col. Thomas Haviland, by Mary French,
by Dodsley, An Account of the European Settlements in
America, 2 vols. Svo. Notwithstanding the many doubts
expressed as to the authority of this work, we have no
hesitation in ascribing it chiefly, if not wholly, to our
author. Whilst it is admitted that the receipt for the
copyright in his handwriting does not conclusively settle
the question, yet the internal evidence of style is too
strong to be easily resisted. That William and Richard
Burke may have contributed to its pages is not improbable.
Dugald Stewart commends it as a masterly sketch, and
Abbé Raynal has proved his admiration by the free use
which he has made of it in his history of The Revolution
of America, 1780.
"It is, in many parts, masterly; the reflections just, and often
original, but paraded, perhaps, too formally and frequently before
the reader, so as sometimes to interfere with the facts, or almost to
supersede them. The style is what may be termed ambitious;
aiming at depth, terseness, and brevity, yet too frequently be
traying the effort."-PRIOR.
↓
"And now I must allude, in a few words, to a celebrated and
somewhat singular work, of which the title is, An Account of the
European Settlements in America.' I would recommend the pe
rusal of this work before the details I have proposed (the perused
19
239
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of the Histories of Robertson. Raynal, and Marshall] have been
zone through; that is, I would recommend the perusal of it twice.
It may be a map of the subject in the first instance, and a sum-
imary in the second."-Prof. Smyth's Lectures on Modern History.
The Essay towards an Abridgment of the English His-
tory, was pub. by Dodsley in 1757. Only eight sheets
were issued, as the author abandoned the design, probably
from hearing that Hume had taken the same subject in
hand. Burke's Abridgment possesses no little merit, and
it is deeply to be lamented that he did not pursue his in-
tended plan.
•••
"It displays a spirit of close research into the earlier history of
our island, not exceeded, perhaps not equalled, by works of much
greater pretensions, and with more antiquarian knowledge than
could possibly be expected. .. The style differs from that of the
European Settlements' in aiming at less of point and effect, but
possesses simplicity and perspicuity. On the whole, it is, perhaps,
the best abstract of that remote period we possess, without any
admixture of the fabulous stories so common to the age; and to
youth it will be found particularly instructive.”—PRIOR.
In 1759 the Earl of Charlemont introduced Burke to
William Gerard Hamilton, more familiarly styled Single-
Speech Hamilton,
|
Who after a few able efforts in the House of Commons. gained
more celebrity by afterwards keeping his tongue still, than mauy
others by the most determined volubility."
In 1761 Hamilton accompanied Lord Halifax (appointed
Lord-Lieutenant) to Ireland, and took Burke with him as
his private secretary. Mr. Hamilton held the high official
position of a Lord of Trade, and had diligently laboured
to acquire that knowledge of the philosophy of commerce
and principles of agriculture, which alone could render
the discharge of his duties honourable to himself and use-
ful to others. But a few conversations with his young
secretary convinced him that, in future conferences, the
master must consent to be scholar, rather than aspire to
the post of instructor. The following remarks, extracted
from the preface to the Thoughts and Details on Scarcity,
presented by Mr. Burke to the Rt. Hon. William Pitt, are
not without interest in this connection:
"Agriculture, and the commerce connected with and dependent
upon it, form one of the most considerable branches of political
economy; and as such, Mr. Burke diligently studied them. In
deed, when he began to qualify himself for the exalted rank which
he afterwards held among statesmen, he laid a broad and deep
foundation; and to an accurate research into the constitution.
the laws, the civil and military history of these kingdoms, he
joined an enlightened acquaintance with the whole circle of our
commercial system. On his first introduction, when a young
man, to the late Mr. Gerard Hamilton, who was then a Lord of
Trade, the latter ingenuously confessed to a friend still living,
how sensibly he felt his own inferiority, much as he had endea
voured to inform himself, and aided as he was by official docu-
ments inaccessible to any private person. He was also consulted,
and the greatest deference was paid to his opinions, by Dr. Adam
Smith. in the progress of the celebrated work on the Wealth of
Nations."
In this station, his first public employment, Burke proved
very serviceable, and in 1763 was rewarded with a pension
of £300 per annum on the Irish list. This pension he
voluntarily relinquished in 1764, on the occasion of a dis-
agreement with Hamilton, the particulars of which are
well known. In 1765 occurred an event which decided
the future course of Burke's life, and introduced him to
that seat in the national councils from which he so long
instructed his countrymen by his wisdom, and astonished
the world by the brilliancy of his genius. Mr. Fitzherbert
recommended him to the Marquis of Rockingham, the
leader of the in as a fit for his pri-
vate secretary, and his lordship appointed him to the post
one week after he himself had been called to the head of
the treasury. A cordial friendship sprung up between the
marquis and his secretary, which continued unbroken until
the death of the former in 1782. In 1766 Mr. Burke took
his seat in Parliament as member for Wendover, a borough
belonging to Lord Verney.
1
"It may be safely said that probably no man had ever entered
Parliament so well trained and accomplished by previous acquire
ments, and by intellectual discipline."
It is not a little remarkable that on the very first day
on which he took his seat, he astonished the assembled
wisdom of the House with a burst of eloquence which
elicited the warm commendations of the celebrated
liam Pitt, afterwards Earl of Chatham. He remarked that
The young member bad proved a very able advocate; he had
himself intended to enter at length into the details, but he had
been anticipated with so much ingenuity and eloquence. that there
was little left for him to say; be congratulated him on his success,
and his friends on the value of the acquisition they had made.”
**
His friends, who had been his delighted auditors in the
gallery, crowded around him-the faithful Arthur Murphy
among them, almost beside himself with joy-as he
emerged from the House, and congratulated him upon his
brilliant success. The good news travelled fast, and soon
gladdened "The Literary Club," of which Burke was the
most brilliant ornament. One of the members, whose vn-
nity had been wounded by being foiled in a controversy
with Burke, expressed some surprise at the proud position
before the country which the great orator had so suddenly
assumed. This unworthy sneer was too much for the equa-
nimity of the gruff yet warm-hearted author of Rasselas
he turned to the offender, and with bent brow vociferated:
that he will be one of the first men in the country!”
"Sir, there is no wonder at all! We, who know Mr. Burke, know
;
The delighted lexicographer seized his pen, and wrote
to Langton:
"Burke has gained more reputation than perhaps any man at
his first appearance ever gained before. He made two speeches in
the Ilouse for repealing the Stamp Act, which were publicly com-
mended by Mr. Pitt, and have filled the town with wonder.
Burke is a great man by nature, and is expected soon to attain
civil greatness."
We shall have occasion hereafter to make some further
quotations from Johnson's many attestations to the extra-
ordinary genius of his friend.
We have now seen Mr Burke fairly launched in public
life, in which he continued until within three years of his
death-his last appearance in the House of Commons oc-
plan of our work to enter into any detailed history of his
June 20th, 1794-and it is inconsistent with the
political labours. These form an important part of the
history of his country for a quarter of a century. Some
of the principal we shall have occasion to refer to bere-
after. We now proceed to notice some of the most im-
portant of Mr. Burke's publications. The edition of his
Lon., 1852, in 8 vols. 8vo, contains the whole of the 20
Works and Correspondence, pub. by F. & J. Rivington,
volumes previously published. A Short Account of a late
short Administration, 1766. This, the author's first poli-
administration of the Rockingham ministry. It was anony-
tical is an exposition of the twelve months'
mous.
Observations on a late Publication entitled The Present
The Present State, &c. was
State of the Nation, 1769.
the production of Mr. Grenville, or his former secretary,
Mr. Knox.
The 5th edit. of this pamphlet was published in 1782.
Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents, 1773.
Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol, 1777. This was a vindi-
cation of his line of conduct on the American Question.
His Thirteen Propositions for quieting the troubles in
America, had been submitted in March, 1775. His power-
ful advocacy of Colonial interests strengthened the heart
and nerved the arm of the American patriots, and his
exertions on their behalf were rewarded by a nation's gra-
titude. As early as 1771 the State of New York had ap-
pointed Mr. Burke its agent, an office which added some
£700 per annum to his income.
per annum to his income. Reflections on the Revo-
lution in France, 1790, in a Letter to a French gentleman.
This work was translated into French by M. Dupont, and
at once took a strong hold of the public mind of Europe.
It was elaborated with great care, more than a dozen proofs
being worked off and destroyed before the classical taste
of the author was satisfied. Within the first year about
19,000 copies were sold in England, and about 13,000 in
France. The first demand continued in England until
30,000 copies were absorbed; and some experienced book-
sellers have declared that the sale was greater than of any
preceding book whatever of the same price, (5 shillings.)
It has been remarked that perhaps no writer was ever be-
fore so complimented. The Sovereigns assembled at Pil-
nitz-the Emperor of Germany being of the number-
the Princes of France, the Empress of Russia, and the
King of England, hastened to honour that genius which
dignified human nature and would have ennobled the low-
est of the race. George of England-with all his faults,
one of the best kings who ever sat upon the British throne.
Wil-personally distributed the work he so much admired,
with the emphatic commendation that it was "a book
which every gentleman ought to read."
“Mr. Burke fairly convicts his opponent of inconclusive reason-
ing, of inaccuracy in many parts of his subject, and of ignorance
as to facts and details on the great principles of commerce and
revenue, on which Mr. Grenville particularly plumed himself."-
PRIOR.
Stanislaus of Poland sent the author his likeness on a
gold medal, with a letter written in English, "deeming
that language the most copious and energetic to convey
the high sense which he entertained of his patriotism and
talents."
The venerable seats of that priceless learning which
preserves the records of the experience of the past, that it
may be converted to the wisdom of the future, vied wica
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BUR
|
seemed to have entered into Fox that unhappy day--he
again gave loose to the frenzy which appeared to actuate
him-and again and again offended. The breach was
never healed.
each other in their expressions of esteem for "the powerful
advocate of the constitution, the friend of public order,
virtue, and the happiness of mankind." The Doctors of
Trinity College, Dublin, famed for profound indoctrina-
tion in the beauties and subtilties of the language of Cicero
and Horace, reverentially laid their tribute at the feet of
a master whose cloquence as much exceeded the loftiest
strains of the one as his withering exposure of the crimes
of an insane Democracy surpassed the biting satire of the
other. The resident graduates of the University of Ox-
ford-which from the time of Alfred has opened her gates
to send forth, for the instruction of mankind, teachers pro-
foundly versed in sacred and classic lore-presented their
admiring acknowledgments to the champion who had so
eloquently and ably defended those principles for the ad-
vancement of which it was their province to labour. The
reverend dignitaries of the Churches of England and
France pronounced their benedictions upon one who, in an
age of infidelity, exalted the inspiration of the written
word, and pointed to the Cross of the Redeemer as the
only infallible refuge for man amidst the calamities and
disorders of a fallen world. Who indeed can peruse the
Reflections without admiration of the genius, even if he
question some of the sentiments, of the gifted author?
In 1794 Mr. Burke was struck to the earth by a blo▾
which robbed life of its attractions, and rendered him in-
different to the trappings of rank with which bis sovereign
had purposed to honour his declining years. In the spring
of that year he had followed his only and beloved brother
to the grave, and before autumn had changed the foliage
of the woods, his son, an only son, was called to the “ nar-
row house appointed for all living." Young Burke had
accepted a post in Ireland, but
:
"He began again and again, repeated them with the same ten-
derness and fervour, bowing his head as in the act of worship, and
then sank into the arms of his parents, as in a profound and
sweet sleep. It would be too painful to dweil on scenes that fol-
Jowed. until the father laid all that remained to him of his child
beneath the Beaconsfield Church. adjoining his estate. From that
Eighteen months after, when he had somewhat recovered his com-
posure, he thus adverted to his loss in his celebrated Letter to a
Noble Lord: The storm has gone over me, and I lie like one of
those old caks which the late hurricane has scattered around me.
I am stripped of all my honours; I am torn up by the roots, and
lie prostrate to the earth! There. and prostrate there, I must un-
feignedly recognise the divine justice. and in some degree submit
to it.... I am alone! I have none to meet my enemies in the gate.””
See Dr. French Laurence's Letter to Mrs. Haviland.
"He was sinking into consumption, and his physicians detained
him from his duties; not daring, however, to apprize his father of
the danger, for they knew that, like the patriarch of old, ·his life
was bound up in the lad's life,' and were convinced that a know
ledge of the truth would prove fatal to him sooner than to his sou.
He was, therefore, kept in ignorance until a week before the clos
ing scene. and from that time natil all was over, he slept not, he
scarcely tasted food, or ceased from the most affecting lamenta
tions.' The last moments of young Burke present one of those
striking cases in which nature seems to rally all her powers at the
approach of dissolution, as the taper often burns brightest in the
act of going out. His father was waiting his departure in an ad-
joining room, (for he was unable to bear the sight,) when he rose
from his bed. dressed himself completely, and leaning on his nurse,
The publication of opinions so hostile to the English
entered the room where he was sitting. Speak to me, my dear fa-
sympathizers with the French Revolutionists-soon regi-ther,' said he, as he saw him bowed to the earth under the poignancy
eides-produced confusion in their ranks, and hastened that of his grief, I am in no terror; I feel myself better and in spirits;
separation between Burke and Fox which sooner or later yet my heart flutters. I know not why! Pray talk to me of reli-
seemed inevitable. On the 6th of May of the next year,
gion—of morality-of indifferent subjects.' Then, returning to
occurred that memorable scene-the rupture between these
his room, he exclaimed, What noise is that? Does it rain? No;
it is the rustling of the wind in the trees. The invalid then broke
distinguished men-to the pathos and interest of which out at once with a clear, sweet voice in that beautiful passage (the
neither pen nor pencil can do justice. The subject before favourite lines of his father) from the Morning Hymn in Milton:
the House was the Canada Bill, and Mr. Burke opened the 'His praise. ye winds, that from four quarters blow,
debate. Previous to the recess, Mr. Fox had, by implica-
Breathe soft or loud; and wave your tops, ye pines,
tion, thrown out a challenge to Burke to discuss the vexed
With every plant, in sign of worship, wave!
question of the French Revolution. Mr. Burke had no
opportunity to reply before the next meeting of the House.
In his opening speech he adverted to it, but was immedi-
ately called to order by Mr. Fox, as touching on forbidden
grounds. Mr. Burke, surprised by this rudeness, attempted hour he never looked, if he could avoid it, toward that church !
a reply, but was again and again interrupted by Fox, with
whom others now joined, and Burke listened with asto-
nishment and mortification whilst the late friend of his
bosom assailed him with the bitterest irony and keenest
invective, only made the more poignant by professions of
unbounded admiration of his genius and abilities. Mr.
Burke at length was allowed an opportunity to reply. He
rose amidst profound silence, for there was something in
that unruffled brow, something in that eye, and in the tones
of that eloquent voice which had so long " taught senators
wisdom," and under whose rebuke the proudest nobles of
the land had often stood abashed-something there was
which told every beating heart that this would be a day
long to be remembered by the Commons of England. He
complained of "being treated with harshness and malig-
nity, for which the motive seemed unaccountable;-of be-
ing personally attacked from a quarter where he least ex-
pected it, after an intimacy of more than twenty-two years;
of his public sentiments and writings being garbled, and
his confidential communications violated, to give colour to
an unjust charge; and that though at his time of life it
was obviously indiscreet to provoke enemies, or to lose
friends, as he could not hope for the opportunity necessary
to acquire others, yet if his steady adherence to the British
constitution placed him in such a dilemma, he would risk
all, and as public duty and public prudence taught him,
with his last breath, exclaim, 'Fly from the French con-
stitution.""
Mr. Fox was alarmed at the consequences of
his indiscretion; he whispered to the friend who had long
loved and borne with him, "There is no loss of friend-
ship!" "Yes, there is!" replied Burke; "I know the price
of my conduct! I have indeed made a great sacrifice: I
have done my duty, though I have lost my friend!" A
painful scene now ensued. Fox rose in great agitation. He
trembled at the results of his folly; and felt that his pu-
nishment was more than he could bear. In vain he essayed
to speak, and he stood the picture of contrition before the
House, until at last nature found relief in tears. He turned
to the friend whose feelings he had so deeply outraged
that friend, too, one of the noblest of his kind: he con-
jured him in the most pathetic terms-by "the remem-
brance of their past attachment-their unalienable friend-
ship-their reciprocal affection, as dear and almost as
binding as the ties of nature between father and son,-he
conjured him to revoke his renunciation and forget the
past!" But, unfortunately, after all this burst of grief
and affection, foolishly-unaccountably-for some demon
•
It is hardly necessary at this day to do more than briefly
notice the alleged identity of Mr. Burke with the author
of the Letters of Junius. At one time it was generally
believed that he was the author, and Mr. Roche made out
so strong a case in his Inquiry that even the quick-witted
Anti-Jacobin Review was completely convinced, as the
following verdict testifies:
We feel it our duty before we enter into any particulars re-
specting this work, to declare, that it has fully convinced us of the
truth which it is intended to establish:—that the Letters of Ju-
nius were written by the Right Honourable Edmund Burke. Mr.
Roche has, indeed, brought together such a body of evidence. in-
ternal, direct, and circumstantial, as must eventually settle this
interesting and long-disputed question.”
We shall not be expected to give any opinion upon a
point on which most literary men have their own theory.
The matter will be adverted to again in our notice of Sin
PHILIP FRANCIS. That Mr. Burke at least knew who the
author was, we have good reason to believe,—but he “died
and made no sign." We know an English gentleman who
protests that he possesses the secret, and he may reveal
something further.
Of all those speeches by which he acquired such renown,
Mr. Burke prepared the following only for the press: 1.
On American Taxation; delivered April 9, 1774. 2. On
Conciliation with America; March 22, 1775. 3. On Eco-
nomical Reform; Feb. 20, 1780. 4. At Bristol, previous
to the Election; September 6, 1780. 5. On Declining the
Election at Bristol; September 9, 1780. 6. On the East
India Bill of Mr. Fox; December 1, 1783. 7. On the
Nahob of Arcot's Debts, Feb. 28, 1785. All of these, with
the exception of that On Economical Reform, will be
found in the Rev. Dr. Chauncey A. Goodrich's Select Bri-
tish Eloquence, where the reader may also peruse an ad.
mirable analysis of Mr. Burke's characteristics as an au-
thor and an orator. The great speech of July 16, 1794,
On the Impeachment of Warren Hastings, Mr. Burke
never prepared for the press. Mr. Macaulay has sketched
the august spectacle of that day in colours but little less
vivid than those which exposed the gigantic wickedness
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of the late Governor-General of India. He aise does jus-
tice to the purity of motive and laudable philanthropy
which actuated Burke in this prosecution, and properly
rebukes the disreputable attempt of the reverend biogra-
pher (Gleig) of Hastings to impute petty malice to a mind
too noble to harbour such an unworthy tenant. Of all the
flattering portrait-painters of the age, perhaps the most
successful in converting deformity into beauty are Mr.
Basil Montagu, Sir John Malcolm, and the Rev. Dr. Gleig:
see portraits of Bacon, Clive, and Hastings, as sketched
by these great masters. We shall now, in justice to the
iilustrious subject of our notice, and that we may not be
suspected of extravagance in the eulogies for which we
are personally responsible, quote from the recorded opinion
of a number of his contemporaries and successors:
There never was a more beautiful alliance between virtue and
talents. All his conceptions were kind, all his sentiments gene-
rous. . . . The sublimest talents, the greatest and rarest virtues
that the beneficence of Providence ever concentrated in a single
character for the benefit of mankind. But Mr. Burke was too su-
perior to the age in which he lived. His prophetic genius only
astonished the nation which it ought to have governed."-M.
CAZALÉS.
"I do not reckon it amongst the least calamities of the times,
certainly not among those that affect me least, that the world has
now lost Mr. Burke. Oh! how much may we rue that his counsels
were not followed. Oh! how exactly do we see verified all that he
has predicted !"-WINDHAM.
"He must again repeat that all he ever knew of men, that all
he ever read in books, that all his reasoning faculties informed
him of, or his fancy suggested to him, did not impart, that exalted
knowledge, that superior information, which he had acquired
from the lessons of his right honourable friend. To him he owed
all his fame, if fame he had any. And if he (Mr. Fox) should
now, or at any time, prevail over him in discussion, he could ac-
knowledge his gratitude for the capability and pride of the con-
quest in telling him Hoc ipsum quod vincit id est tuum.'"-Mr.
Fox's Speech in the House of Commons on the occasion of his rupture
with Mr. Burke.
At the moment of proposing Mr. Burke's interment in
Westminster Abbey, he again repeated the same acknow-
ledgments in terms which, in the words of a member in
attendance, "drew tears from every one present who had
any feelings at all, or could sympathize in the excellence
of the great genius before them, or with the still greater
excellence of the genius who had departed."
"Burke understands every thing but gaming and music. In
the House of Commons I sometimes think him only the second
man in England; out of it he is always the first." GERARD HA-
MILTON.
"The admiration, nay astonishment, with which I so often
ened to Mr. Burke, gave an interest to every spot connected with
his memory, and forcibly brought to my recollection the profun-
dity and extent of his knowledge, while the energy, warmth, and
beauty of his imagery, captured the heart, and made the judgment
tributary to the will. As an orator he surpassed all his contem-
poraries, and was perhaps never exceeded."-CURWEN,
One who generally opposed him in politics acknowledges
that
Another contemporary remarks:
|
"The political knowledge of Mr. Burke might be considered al-
most as an Encyclopedia: every man who approached him re-
ceived instruction from his stores."
"Learning waited upon him as a handmaid, presenting to his
choice all that antiquity had culled or invented; he often seemed
to be oppressed under the load and variety of his intellectual trea-
sures. Every power of oratory was wielded by him in turn; for
he could be during the same evening pathetic and humorous,
acrimonious and conciliating; now giving a loose to his indigna-
tion and severity. and then, almost in the same breath, calling to
his assistance ridicule, wit, and mockery.”
THURLOW.
"Let me speak what my mind prompts of the eloquence of
Burke: of Burke, by whose sweetness Athens herself would have
been soothed, with whose amplitude and exuberance she would
have been enraptured, and on whose lips that prolific mother of
genius and science would have adored, confessed, the Goddess of
Persuasion.... Who is there among men of eloquence or learning
more profoundly versed in every branch of science? Who is there
that has cultivated philosophy, the parent of all that is illustrious
in literature or exploit, with more felicitous success? .. Who is
there that combines the charm of invisible grace and urbanity with
such magnificent and boundless expansion?”—DR. PARR. See these
opinions and others in Prior's Life of Burke.
In conversation Burke was as unrivalled as in oratory.
Johnson was the first man in the literary circles of London
when Burke was absent, but he knew himself to be only
list-second in the presence of Burke.
second in the presence of Burke. It was a "striking spec-
been accustomed to give forth bis dieta with the authority
tacle to see one so proud and stubborn, who had for years
of an oracle, submit to contradiction from a youth of
twenty-seven. But though Johnson differed from Burke
in politics, he always did him justice. He spoke of him
from the first in terms of the highest respect." He re-
marked to Boswell:
Another political opponent remarks:
"As an orator, notwithstanding some defects. he stands almost
unrivalled. No man was better calculated to arouse the dormant
passions. to call forth the glowing affections of the human heart,
and to harrow up' the inmost recesses of the soul. Venality and
meanness stood appalled in his presence; he who was dead to the
feelings of his own conscience was still alive to his animated re-
proaches and corruption for a while became alarmed at the ter-
rors of his countenance.'
•
chivalry; and I can almost forgive his reverence for hurch estab
lishments.".
"-EDWARD GIBBON.
When he has roused us with the thunders of bis eloquence,
he can at once, Timotheus-like, choose a melancholy theme, and
melt us into pity: there is grace in his anger, for he can inveigh
without vulgarity; he can modulate the strongest burst of pas
sion, for even in his madness there is music."-CUMBERLAND.
"That volume of voice, that superabundant richness and fer-
tility of fancy, that vast grasp and range of mind, which Mr.
Burke possessed beyond all created beings.”
}}
On one occasion Mr. Shackleton, after listening to some
of Burke's conversational eloquence, remarked aside to the
orator's son, "He is the greatest man of the age."
"He is,'
replied the son, with filial enthusiasm, "the greatest man
of any age!" It is to be here observed that Burke, with
that remarkable modesty which so eminently distinguished
him, and which prevented his making a collection of his
writings, considered his son's talents as far superior to his
own. Wilberforce remarked:
"His learning is so various and extensive that we might praise
it for its range and compass. were it not still more praiseworthy
for its solidity and depth. His imagination is so lively and so crea-
tive, that he may justly be called the child of fancy: and, there-
fore, his enemies. for even he is not without them, would persuade
us that his fancy overbears his judgment. ... His grand charac-
teristic is genius, and his ruling faculty is judgment. . . . Whilst
he persuades as an orator. he instructs as a philosopher."-REV.
THOMAS CAMPBELL, author of the History of Ireland.
“Of his talents and acquirements in general, it is unnecessary
to speak. They were long the glory of his country and the admi-
ration of Europe: they might have been (had it consisted with the
inscrutable counsels of Divine Providence) the salvation of both.
If not the most accomplished orator, yet the most eloquent man
of his age, perhaps second to none in any age, he had still more
wisdom than eloquence. Ho diligently collected it from the wise
of all ages; but what he had so obtalued he enriched from the
vast treasury of his own observation."-DR. FRENCH LAURENCE.
"I admire his eloquence; I approve his politics; I adore his
"His eloquence had always attracted, his imagination continu-
ally charmed, his reasonings often convinced, him. Of his head
and his heart, of his abilities and of his humanity, of his rectitudo
and perseverance, no man could entertain a higher opinion than
he did."
"When the public mind was darkened that it could not discern,
when in every quarter of the heaven appeared vapour and mist and
cloud and exhalation, at this very hour the morning horizon bo
gan suddenly to redden: it was the dawn. Then, indeed,
First in his cast the glorious lamp was seen,
Regent of day!'
*
That luminary was EDMUND BURKE. ... I would record in lasting
characters, and in our holiest and mest honourable temple, the de
parted Orator of England, the Statesman and the Christian, En-
MUND BURKE. Remuneratio ejus Cum Altissimo!"-Pursuits of
Literature.
"The name of Burke will be remembered with admiration when
those of Pitt and Fox will be comparatively forgotten."—LORD
66
6
I do not grudge Burke's being the first man in the House of
Commons, for he is the first everywhere.' 'Burke,' he remarked.
His stream of
upon another occasion, is an extraordinary man.
talk is perpetual; and he does not talk from any desire of distinc
tion, but because his mind is full.... He is the only man whose
common conversation corresponds with the general fame which
he has in the world. Take him up where you please, he is ready
to meet you.... No man of sense could meet Burke by accident
under a gateway, to avoid a shower, without being convinced that
he was the first man in England.”
6;
after, when Mr. Burke was passing through Lichfield, the birth-
A striking confirmation of this remark occurred some years
place of Johnson. Wishing to see the Cathedral, during the chango
of horses, he stepped into the building, and was met by one of the
clergy of the place, who kindly offered to point out the principal
objects of curiosity. A conversation ensued, but in a few moments
the clergyman's pride of local information was completely subdued
by the copious and intricate knowledge displayed by the stranger,
Whatever topic the objects before them suggested, whether the
theme was architecture or antiquities, some obscure passage in
ecclesiastical history, or some question respecting the life of a saint,
be touched it as with a sunbeam. His information appeared uni-
versal; his mild, clear intellect, without one particle of ignorance.
A few minutes after their separation, the clergyman was met hur-
rying through the street. I have had,' said he, 'quite an adven
ture. I have been conversing for this half hour past with a man
of the most extraordinary powers of mind and extent of informa-
tion which it has ever been my fortune to meet with: and I am
now going to the inn to ascertain, if possible, who this stranger
is.' Johnson considered that he would have excited as much won-
der in much lower company. If he should go into a stable, and
talk a few minutes with the hostlers about horses, they would
venerate him as the wisest of human beings. They would say,
We have had an extraordinary man here.' . . . In speaking of Mr.
Burke's social hours, the late Mr. Grattan observed to several
friends, that he was the greatest man in conversation he had met
with. A nobleman who was present (Lord C.) inquired whether
he did not think Curran on some occasions greater. No, my Lord,'
was the reply: Curran indeed had much wit; but Burke bad wit
too, and, in addition to wit, boundless sires of wisdom an know.
ledge.""
C
292
BUR
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When some one eulogized Johnson's powers of conver-
sation, "But," replied Goldsmith, "is he like Burke, who
winds into his subject like a serpent?"
It is worth noticing here that Mr. Burke himself consi-
dered Mrs. Anne Pitt, sister of the minister at the head of
the cabinet, as "the most perfectly eloquent person he ever
heard speak. He lamented not having committed to paper
one particular conversation in which the richness and va-
riety of her discourse quite astonished him." We hope
that our readers will appreciate the gallantry which causes
us to introduce this anecdote.
•
"At the conclusion of the evening Mr. Richards and the Arch-
deacon walked home together. Sir,' observed the former, 'I ad-
mired your patience when so repeatedly, and I dare say, unneces
sarily, interrupted by Mr. Burke; for, from the nature of your
studies, you must be a more competent judge of such matters than
the bustle of politics can permit him to be.' Mr. Burke was never-
theless right, and I was wrong,' replied the Archdeacon: 'nay
more; I confess I went previously prepared to speak on these sub-
jects, for knowing that I was to meet him, and hearing that he
was acquainted with almost every thing, I had determined to put
his knowledge to the test, and for this purpose had spent much
of the morning in my study. My memory, however, has been
more treacherous than I had imagined."
•
"It would not be difficult to multiply evidences of the vast stores
of knowledge which Mr. Burke seems to have always had on hand
ready for use at a moment's notice. On one occasion he dined with
a party, where he met with an ecclesiastical dignitary who surprised
the company by starting subjects of conversation so abstruse or
unusual, that few of his hearers felt inclined or qualified to accom-
pany him. Mr. Burke said nothing for some time; but when the
gentleman committed an error in his detail of some of the opera-
tions of Caesar in Britain. be immediately corrected him: the clergy-
man bowed without making any reply. He then brought up for
discussion the merits of some obscure Latin authors, and was giving
ing a quotation, when Mr. Burke reminded him that he had not
rendered properly two or three words of the sentence. Again he
introduced to the notice of the company a description of a rare old
volume, containing some curious geographical details.' Here at
least he was safe from the formidable critic! Not at all: Mr. Burke
took the subject out of his hauds, and commented on it as if it had
been an everyday matter.
If the mere perusal of Burke's speeches affect us so
powerfully, what must have been the emotions of his audi-
tory! The Duke de Levis heard one of his philippics
against the French Revolution, and he declares that
"This extraordinary man seemed to raise and quell the passions
of his auditory with as much ease and as rapidly as a skilful mu-
sician passes into the various modulations of his harpsichord. I
have witnessed many, too many, political assemblages, and strik-
ing scenes, where eloquence performed a noble part, but the whole
of them appear insipid when compared with this amazing effort."
When he painted the cruelties of Debi Sing in his speech
on the impeachment of Warren Hastings, the writer of the
History of the Trial tells us
"In this part of his speech Mr. Burke's descriptions were more
vivid, more harrowing, and more horrific, than human utterance,
or either fact or fancy, perhaps ever formed before. The agitation
of most people was very apparent: Mrs. Sheridan was so overpow-
ered that she fainted: several others were as powerfully affected."
Mrs. Siddons is said to have been one of the number
thus overcome by a mightier eloquence than any known to
the stage.
(6
The flinty chancellor," Lord Thurlow, albeit unused to
the melting mood, was so visibly affected, that "iron tears
down Pluto's check" was very near to being something more
than a simile of the orator's.
"In his address to the Peers, some days afterwards, he concluded
a handsome eulogium on the speech, by observing that their Lord-
ships all knew the effect upon the auditors, many of whom had
not to that moment, and perhaps never would, recover from the
shock it had occasioned.'
139
•
Was there ever an instance of such exquisite hypocrisy,
or of such utter callousness of soul? But we leave this
moral phenomena for Dr. Gleig's anatomical powers. It
was enough to excite a momentary pang of remorse even
in the flinty heart of that man of blood and spoils, to hear
himself thus most accurately depicted by the indignant
eloquence of the first orator in the world:
"Therefore hath it with all confidence been ordered by the Com-
mons of Great Britain, that I impeach Warren Hastings of high
erimes and misdemeanours!
"I Impeach him in the name of the Commons House of Parlia
ment, whose trust he has betrayed!
"I impeach him in the name of the English nation, whose an-
elent hon or he has sullfed!
Well said Mr. Fox,
"If we are no longer in shameful ignorance of India; if India
no longer makes us blush in the eyes of Europe; let us know and
feel our obligations to him whose admirable resources of opinior
and affection-whose untiring toil, sublime genius, and high as
piring honour, raised him up conspicuous among the most bene
ficent worthies of mankind!"-Speech on the Impeachment of Wur
ren Hustings.
"I impeach bim in the name of the people of India, whose rights
he has trodden under foot, and whose country he has turned into
a desert! Lastly, in the name of human nature itself, in the
name of both sexes, in the name of every age, in the name of
every rask, I impeach the common enemy and oppressor of all!”
Burke himself calls this great work-the arraignment
of Hastings-"that principal act which is to be the glory
or the shame of my whole public life."-Works, edit.
1852, ii. 309.
Sheridan's tribute to Burke is worthy of his genius :
"A gentleman whose abilities, happily for the glory of the age
in which we live, are not intrusted to the perishable eloquence of
the day, but will live to be the admiration of that hour when all
of us shall be mute, and most of us forgotten."
The distinguished Schlegel is eloquent in his praise:
"This man has been to his own country and to all Europe-in
a very particular manner to Germany-a new light of political
wisdom and moral experience. He corrected his age when it was
at the height of its revolutionary frenzy; and without maintain-
any system of philosophy, he seems to have seen farther into
the true nature of society, and to have more clearly comprehended
the effect of religion in connecting individual security with na-
tional welfare, than any philosopher, or any system of philosophy,
of any succeeding age."-Schlegel's Lectures on Literature.
Robert Hall, himself a great master of eloquence, touches
a loftier note than is usual even with him, when speaking
of Burke:
“Who can withstand the fascination and magic of his eloquence?
The excursions of his genius are immense! His imperial fancy
has laid all nature under tribute, and has collected riches from
every scene of the creation and every walk of art!"
The immortality of Burke is that which is common to Cicero
or to Bacon.—that which can never be interrupted while there ex-
ists the beauty of order or the love of virtue, and which can fear no
death except what barbarity may impose on the globe."-GRATTAN.
<
"The political writings of the illustrious Edmund Burke need
be mentioned, only, to vindicate their claim to the continual pe-
rusal-the earnest study, of all who are capable of appreciating
the display of profound wisdom, set forth in enchanting eloquence,
made contributory to the advancement of the permanent and
highest interests of mankind, aud capable of indefinitely elevat-
ing and expanding the feelings and understanding-but vain is
"The testimony of the accused party himself is perhaps the the task of attempting to do justice to writings upon which pane-
strongest ever borne to the powers of any speaker of any country.gyric has long ago exhausted itself. Out of a thousand witnesses,
For half an hour,' said Mr. Hastings, I looked up at the orator let us select the testimony of one only-one, however, who has a
in a reverie of wonder; and during that space I actually felt my- paramount title to the attention and deference of that Bar. of
self the most culpable man on earth;' adding, however.- but I which he was one of the brightest ornaments-Lord Erskine.
recurred to my own bosom, and there found a consciousness that 'Among the characteristics of Lord Erskine's eloquence, observes
consoled me under all I heard and all I suffered.'”—Prior's Life the late accomplished Mr. Henry Roscoe, the perpetual ilustra-
of Burke.
tions derived from the writings of Burke, is very remarkable. In
every one of the great state trials in which he was concerned, he
referred to the works of that extraordinary person, as to a text-
book of political wisdom.-expounding, enforcing, and justifying,
all the great and noble principles of freedom and justice.' Lord
Erskine himself has left on record his impressive testimony to the
same effect: · When I look into my own mind, and find its best
lights and principles fed from that immense magazine of moral
and political wisdom, which he has left as an inheritance to man-
kind for their instruction. I feel myself repelled by an awful and
grateful sensibility from petulantly approaching him.'”—Warren's
Law Studies, Lom., 1845, 12mo,
6
Mr. Grattan may be charged with extravagance in plac-
ing Burke upon a par with Cicero and Bacon, but many
capable critics are not satisfied with this rank, and assign
him a still higher place. Sir James Mackintosh hardly
allows to the great master of ancient eloquence, or to the
profound father of modern philosophy, an equality with
him who combined the excellencies of both:
"Shakspeare and Burke are, if I may venture on the expression,
above talent. Burke was one of the first thinkers. as well as one
He is without parallel in any
of the greatest orators. of his time.
age or country, except perhaps Lord Bacon or Cicero: and his works
contain an ampler store of political and MORAL WISDOM THAN CAN BE
FOUND IN ANY OTHER WRITER WHATEVER.”
The reader must not fail to procure A Memoir of the
Political Life of the
Political Life of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke, 2 vols.
p. Svo, by the Rev. George Croly, LL.D., Rector of St.
Stephen's, Wallbrook, London.
"We have quoted enough, and more than enough, to convince
the most skeptical of the originality, eloquence, and power of these
remarkable volumes. We regard them as a valuable contribution
to our national literature, as an effectual antidote to revolutionary
principles, and as a masterly analysis of the mind and writings of
the greatest philosopher and statesman in our history."-The Bri-
tannia.
Mr. Warren thus warmly commends the political writ-
ings of our great author to the reverence of the student
at Law:
The following testimonies are of equal value:
"The writings of that eminent man whom posterity will regard
as the most eloquent of orators, and the most profound of the phi-
losophic statesmen of modern times."--SIR ROBERT PEEL.
"The Speeches he made will be the subject of admiration for all
succeeding generations.”—LORD JOHN RUSSELL.
"That great master of eloquence, Edmund Burke! . . . in ap
titude of comprehension and richness of imagination, superior is
every orator, ancient or modern."-T. B. MACAULAY.
203
BUR
BUR
"The variety and extent of his powers in debate were greater
than that of any orator in ancient or modern times. No one ever
poured forth such a flood of thought-so many original combina-
tious of inventive genius; so much knowledge of man, and the
workings of political systems; so many just remarks on the rela-
tion of government to the manners, the spirit, and even the pre
judices, of a people; so many wise maxims as to a change in con-
stitution and laws; so many beautiful effusions of lofty and gene-
rous sentiment; such exuberant stores of illustration, ornament,
and apt allusion: all intermingled with the liveliest sallies of wit,
or the boldest flights of a sublime imagination. . . . In the struc-
ture of his mind he had a strong resemblance to Bacon, nor was
he greatly his inferior in the leading attributes of his intellect.
In imagination he went far beyond him. He united more per-
fectly than any other man the discordant qualities of the philoso-
pher and the poet."-C. A. GOODRICH, D.D., Professor of Kheteric
in Yule College.
We add an eloquent exposition of the characteristics of
Burke's genius from one of the most celebrated orators of
our own day:
"No one can doubt that enlightened men in all ages will hang
ver the Works of MR. BURKE. He was a writer of the first class,
and excelled in almost every kind of prose composition. The ex-
traordinary depth of his detached views. the penetrating sagacity
which he occasionally applies to the affairs of men and their mo-
tives, and the curious felicity of expression with which he unfolds
principles, and traces resemblances and relations, are separately
the gift of few, and, in their union, probably without any exam-
ple. When he is handling any one matter, we perceive that we are
conversing with a reasoner and a teacher to whom almost every
other branch of knowledge is familiar. His views range over all
the cognate subjects; his reasonings are derived from principles
applicable to other matters as well as the one in hand; arguments
pour in from all sides. as well as those which start up under our
feet, the natural growth of the path he is leading us over; while,
to throw light round our steps. and either explore its darker places
or serve for our recreation. illustrations are fetched from a thou-
sand quarters; and an imagination marvellously quick to descry
unthought-of resemblances. pours forth the stores which a lore
yet more marvellous has gathered from all ages and nations and
arts and tongues. We are, in respect of the argument, reminded
of Bacon's multifarious knowledge, and the exuberance of his
learned fancy; while the many-lettered diction recalls to mind the
first of English poets and his immortal verse, rich with the spoils
of all sciences and all times.
"All his Works, indeed, even his controversial, are so informed
with general reflection, so variegated with speculative discussion,
that they wear the air of the Lyceum as well as the Academy.
His narrative is excellent; and it is impossible more harmoniously
to expose the details of a complicated subject, to give them more
animation and interest, if dry in themselves, or to make them
bear by the mere power of statement more powerfully upon the
argument. In description he can hardly be surpassed, at least
for effect; he has all the qualities that conduce to it-ardour of
purpose. sometimes rising into violence-vivid, but too luxuriant
fancy-bold, frequently extravagant, conception-the faculty of
shedding upon mere inanimate scenery the light imparted by mo-
ral associations.
"He now moves on with the composed air, the even, dignified
pace of the historian; and unfolds his facts in a narrative so easy,
and yet so correct, that you plainly perceive he wanted only the
dismissal of other pursuits to have rivalled Livy or Hume. But
soon this advance is interrupted, and he stops to display his powers
of description, when the boldness of his design is only matched by
the brilliancy of his colouring. He then skirmishes for a space,
and puts in motion all the lighter arms of wit; sometimes not un-
mingled with drollery, sometimes bordering upon farce. His main
battery is now opened, and a tempest bursts forth of every wea-
pon of attack-invective, abuse, irony, sarcasm, simile drawn out
to allegory, allusion, quotation. fable, parable, anathema.
"He was admirable in exposition; in truth, he delighted to give
instruction both when speaking and conversing, and in this he
was unrivalled. Quis in sententiis argutior? in docendo edisseren-
doque subtilior? Mr. Fox might well avow, without a compliment,
that he had learnt more from him than from all other men and au-
thors."-LORD BROUGHAM.
It is truly gratifying to know that there are no incon-
gruous colours in the background to detract from the bril-
liancy and beauty of the portrait we have thus presented
of Edmund Burke: "the King's daughter was all glorious
within," and so with the illustrious subject of our theme;
we are not called upon to deplore the union of splendid
talents and degrading vices, of public philanthropy and
private venality: the spotless ermine covers no hidden cor-
ruption. Of this we have abundant evidence:
The unspotted innocence, the firm integrity of Burke." says
Dr. Parr, "want no emblazoning, and if he is accustomed to exact
a rigorous account of the moral conduct of others, it is justified
in one who shuns not the most inquisitorial scrutiny into his own."
The Rev. Mr. Crabbo, whom Burke raised from a posi-
tion of want and distress to competency and comfort,
speaks in glowing terms
Of his private worth, of his wishes to do good, of his affability
and condescension; his readiness to lend assistance where he knew
it was wanted; his delight to give praise where he thought it was
deserved his affectionate manners, his amiable disposition. and
zeal for their happiness which he manifested in the hours of retire
ment with the members of his family."
* A much higher feature of his character than wit, was a fervent
and unfeigned spirit of piety, cheerful but humble, unallied to
any thing like fanaticism, and expressive of a deep dependence on
the dispensations of Providence, traces of which are to be found
!
in the letters of his boyhood. . . . IIis moral character stood
wholly unimpeached by any thing that approached to the namo
of vice."-PRIOR.
Of the affecting incidents of "the inevitable hour"
which comes alike to all, the great and the obscure, the
learned and the untaught, the man who feareth God and
the man who feareth him not,—we have a graphic sketch
by the friend of his bosom-Dr. French Laurence. The
poet truly tells us,
"The chamber where the good man meets his fate
Is privileged beyond the common walks of life."
and we are assured upon higher authority, "that it is
better to go to the house of mourning than to the house
of feasting; for that is the end of all men, and the living
will lay it to heart." Let us then in spirit contemplate to
our profit the last earthly scene of the philosopher, the
patriot, and the Christian:
"His end was suited to the simple greatness of mind which he
displayed through life, every way unaffected. without levity, with
out ostentation, full of natural grace and dignity; he appeared
neither to wish nor to dread, but patiently and placidly to await,
the hour of his dissolution. He had been listening to some essays
of Addison's, in which he ever took delight; he had recommended
himself. in many affectionate messages, to the remembrance of
those absent friends whom he had never ceased to love; he had
conversed some time with his accustomed force of thought and
expression on the awful situation of his country, for the welfare
of which his heart was interested to the very last beat; he had
given with steady composure some private directions, in contem-
plation of his approaching death; when, as his attendants were
conveying him to his bed, he sunk down, and, after a short struggle,
passed quietly and without a groan to eternal rest, in that mercy
which he had just declared he had long sought with unfeigned
humiliation, and to which he looked with a trembling hope!"
In conformity with the directions of his will, he was
buried in the church at Beaconsfield, in the same grave
with his son and brother.
Viewed in the light of the present age, how great is our
admiration of that foresight which foretold, and that wis-
dom which would have averted, the storms which menaced
the peace and well-being of his country! Impartial in his
judgment, unswayed by every wind of political doctrine,
because based upon the rock of truth, he as zealously de-
nounced that arbitrary power which oppressed the Ameri-
can Colonies, as he rebuked that hurricane of fierce de-
mocracy which swept the throne and the altar from France,
and involved the Court and the Commonalty in a general
ruin. Had his counsel been followed, Warren Hastings
would have expiated his crimes on the scaffold, and the
world would have lacked a Napoleon to illustrate the de-
pravity of his race. Burke's public labours present a con-
tinuous struggle against the stupidity, the obstinacy, and
the venality, of the politicians of his day. His life, there-
fore, cannot be said to have been a happy one, for happi-
ness dwells not amidst ceaseless vexations; and no man
can possess his soul in peace" whose philanthropy stimu-
lates him to the duty of enlightening the ignorant, reform-
ing the vicious, and subduing the refractory. He does
well; he acts nobly; he fulfils the end of his being; and
if he have the spiritual prerequisites, many will be his
consolations here, and great shall be his reward here-
after. But let him not expect much either of gratitude
or applause in this life: malice will censure, envy defame,
rivalry decry, the noblest motives and the wisest acts.
Yet posterity will do him justice; and generations yet un-
born shall reverence his name, emulate his virtues, and
follow in his steps. His "good name shall be an inherit-
ance to his children's children," and the "remembrance
of the just shall be blessed!"
""
Behold an instance of this noble advocacy of right, and
its appreciation by an admiring posterity, in the philan-
thropic labours of Edmund Burke, and the deep reverence
with which his character is regarded in the present day!
In the three principal questions which excited his inte-
rest, and called forth the most splendid displays of his elo-
quonce the contest with the American Colonies, the im-
peachment of Warren Hastings, and the French Revolu-
tion-we see displayed a philanthropy the most pure, illus-
trated by a genius the most resplendent. In each of these
cases he was the friend of the oppressed, the rebuker of
the insolence of power, the excesses of petty tyranny, or
the fierce ragings of a successful and unprincipled demo-
cracy. He was ever the bold and uncompromising cham-
pion of justice, mercy, and truth. When his own sovereign
stretched forth the hand of despotic power to afflict a suf-
fering nation, he forgot that "the king could do no
wrong," and pointed his finger to a violated constitution
and broken laws! When a remorseless Verres ground to
the earth, by his exactions and cruelty, a simple and on-
fiding people whose rights and happiness he should ave
maintained and cherished, their cries catered into the
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heart even of the oppressor's nation, and a greater than
Cicero cited the offender to that nation's bar! When the
pestilential fever of an insane democracy broke out in
France, and threatened to devour the nations, the High
Priest of enlightened Liberty "stood between the living
and the dead, and the plague was stayed!"
So long as virtue shall be beloved, wisdom revered, or
genius admired, so long will the memory of this illustri-
ous exemplar of all be fresh in the world's history; for
human nature has too much interest in the preservation
of such a character, ever to permit the name of EDMUMD
BURKE to perish from the earth.
Burke, James Henry. Days in the East; a Poem,
Lon., 1842, 8vo.
"The stanzas of Mr. Burke bespeak at once high feeling, a vi-
gorous, cultivated intelligence, and a delicate poetic taste."-Lon.
Morning Herald.
Burke, John, M.D. The Morbus Niger, Lon.,1776,8vo.
Burke, John, and Sir Bernard Burke, (for-
merly John Bernard Burke,) father and son, to
whom we are indebted for a number of valuable works on
Heraldry and Genealogy. They have written separately
and conjointly. Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage
of the British Empire, by John Burke, r. 8vo; 15th ed.,
1853; 20th ed., by Sir Bernard Burke, Ulster King-of-
Arms, 1858.
"The first authority in all questions affecting the aristocracy."
-Lon. Globe.
"The work professes to concentrate in one volume the materials
to be found in Guillim, Edmondson, and Nisbett, and to carry
down its information to the present year: in that the authors
have fully succeeded; but they have done more in addition to a
Dictionary of Heraldry, the work may be designated a Dictionary
of Family History; for there is hardly any house of note, whose
origin and descent are not deduced. so far at least as to justify the
adoption of the ensigns and quarterings which the family bears."
-Lon. Naval and Military Gazette.
It contains over 30,000 armorial bearings, and more
than the matter of four 4to vols.
Burke, Richard. Charge to Grand Jury, 1798.
Burke, Thos. A., b. 1828, in Georgia. Polly Pea
blossom's Wedding, 12mo, Phila. Political Fortune Tel-
ler, N. Y. &c.
Heraldic Illustrations, by J. & J. B. B., 3 vols. r. 8vo,
new ed., 1846.
Burke, Thomas T. Temora; being specimens of
an intended versification of the Poems of Ossian, 1818.
Burke, W. The Armed Briton; a Play, 1806, 8vo.
Burke, William. Campaign of 1805 in Germany,
Italy, &c., 1806, 8vo. South American Independence,
1807, 8vo. Emancipation of Spanish America, 1807, 8vo.
Burke, William. A Greek and English Derivative
Dictionary, Lon., 1806, 12mo.
Burke, William, M.D. Remarks on the Mineral
Springs of Virginia; 2d ed., Richmond, 1853, 12mo.
Burke, Wm., Surgeon. Popular Compend. of Anat.,
Lon., 1804, 12mo. Intended to display the wisdom of the
Deity as evinced in the construction of the human body.
temp. Charles I.
Burkhead, Henry, a merchant of Bristol, England,
gedy, Kilken., 1646, 4to. The subject is the Irish re-
Cola's Fury, or Lerinda's Misery; a Tra-
bellion of October, 1641.
"In it he has characterized all the principal persons concerned
in the affairs of that time, under feigned names."-Biog. Dramat.
Lerinda is an anagram from Ireland.
The Extinct, Dormant, and Suspended Peerage, by J.
B., 1840, 8vo. Portrait Gallery of the Female Nobility,
by J. B., 2 vols. r. 8vo. Knightage of Great Britain, by
John Bernard Burke, new ed., 1841, 18mo. Anecdotes of
the Aristocracy, by J. B. B., 2 vols. p. 8vo, new ed., 1851.
"Mr. Burke has given us the most curious incidents, the most
stirring tales, and the most remarkable circumstances connected
with the histories, public and private, of our noble houses and aristo-
cratic families. These stories, with all the reality of established
fact, read with as much spirit as the Tales of Boccaccio, and are as
full of strange matter for reflection and amazement."-Britannia. "This deservedly popular work does not profess to discuss crl.
Armory of Great Britain and Ireland, by J. & J. B. B.,tical questions, but is very useful for the inferences it deduces froin
r. Svo, new ed., 1847.
the sacred text."-T. H. HORNE.
"Many good suggestions on texts, generally evangelical and
very useful.”—BICKERSTETH.
“This is not a critical or in any respect a profound work.”—Orme.
Burkitt also wrote a Sermon, Discourse, &c., 1680-1705.
Burlace, Edmund. See BORLACE.
Burleigh, J. B., for many years a teacher in Balti-
more. The American Manual, Phila., 1848, 12mo; several
edits. The Legislative Guide, Svo. The Thinker. Other
school-books.
Burleigh, Lord. See CECIL.
Burleigh, Richard. Assize Sermon, 1777, 4to.
Burleigh, William H., b. 1812, a native of Wood-
stock, Conn., is a descendant on the mother's side of Gov.
Bradford, and a grandson of a soldier of the American Rev.
War. He has edited several journals, and written some
Life," and "June," are among the best effusions of the
exquisite poetry. "She hath gone in the Spring Time of
American Muse. For many years he contributed to the N.
Yorker. In 1840 a volume of his poems was pub. in Phila.
Burles, William. English Grammar, Lon., 1652,12mo.
the leader of the Nominalists, and principal opponent of
Burley, or Burleigh, Walter, b. at Oxford, 1275,
the Scotists, bore the titles of Doctor Planus and Per-
spicuus. He wrote some commentaries upon Aristotle,
1476, fol.; Venet., 1482, fol. Liber de Vitâ ac Moribus
Philosophorum Poetarumque Veterum, &c., circa ann.
1470, 4to; an extremely scarce edition. For particulars
of the editions of his writings, see Watt's Bibl. Brit., and
Brunet's Manuel du Libraire et de l'Amateur des Livres.
Burkitt, William, 1650-1703, a native of Hitcham,
Northamptonshire; admitted of Pembroke College, Cam-
bridge, at 14; Vicar of Dedham, Essex, 1692. Expository
Notes, with Practical Observations, on the New Testament,
1739, fol.; several editions; new edit., Lon., 1833, 2 vols.
modernized and improved," Lon., 1806, 2 vols. 4to.
Svo. An abridgt. by Rev. Dr. Glasse, "the language
abridgt. for the use of the poor, r. 8vo.
An
"He has many schemes of old sermons; his sentiments vary in
different parts of bis work, as the authors from whence he took
his materials were orthodox, or not.”—Dr. Doddridge.
"Both pious and practical, but not distinguished either by
depth of learning or judgment."-DR. ADAM CLARKE.
"These are splendid volumes, comprising the armorial bearings
of we know not how many ancient families, beautifully embla-
zoned, and accompanied by brief pedigrees. The work is as curi-
ous as it is magnificent.”—Lon. Literary Gazette.
|
other works.
Royal Families of Great Britain, by J. & J. B. B., 2 vols.
r. 8vo, 1851. Genealogical and IIeraldic Dictionary of the
Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland, for 1853,
containing particulars of upwards of 100,000 individuals,
by J. & J. B. B., 3 vols. r. 8vo; new ed., by Sir B. B.,
Pts. 1-3, 1855–57. Sir Bernard Burke has also pub.
Anecdotes of the Aristocracy, 1849-50, 4 vols. p. Svo;
3d ed., 1855, 3 vols. p. Svo; Visitation of the Seats and
Arms of Noblemen, 1852-55, 2 vols. r. Svo; Family Ro-
mance, 2d ed., 1854, 2 vols. p. Svo; Royal Descents and
Pedigrees of Founders' Kin, Pt. 1, 1855, r. 8vo; and
Burke, John French. The Dispensing Chemist
and Medical Pupil's Assistant, 18mo. Farming for Ladies.
The Muck Manual. Treatise on British Husbandry, 2 vols.
8v0; with a Copious Supplement by Mr. Cuthbert W. John-
The Supplement is pub. separately, under the title
of Modern Agricultural Improvements, Svo.
Burke, Mrs. L. To this lady we are indebted for a
trans. of Madame Guizot's Moral Tales, Lon., 1852, 12mo.
Burke, Peter. 1. Criminal Law and its Sentences,
Lon., 1842, 4to; 2d ed., 1847, 12mo. 2. Law of Internat. Naval and Military Technical Words and Phrases, Eng-
Burn, Lt. Colonel, of the R. A. Dictionary of
Copyright, 1842, 12mo. 3. Treat. on the Law of Copy-lish and French, French and English, Lon., c. 8vo.
right, Lit., &c., 1842, 12mo. 4. New Act on Small Debts,
1844, 12mo.
5. New County Court Acts; 2d ed., 1847,
"I cannot conclude without acknowledging the great assistance
I have derived in this work from the Naval and Military Techni-
12mo. 6. Celebrated Trials connected with the Aristo-cal Dictionary by Capt. Burn, R. A.; a book of reference to which
cracy, 1848-51, 2 vols. Svo. 7. Law of Internat. Copy- I have never applied in vain.”—Elements of Naval Architecture,
right between England and France, 1852, 12mo. S. Supp. by J. R. Strange, Com. R. N.
to Godson on Patents, &c., 1851, Svo: see GODSON,
RICHARD, M.P.
9. Patent-Law Amendment Act, 1852,
Svo; 2d ed., 1857, 8vo. 10. Romance of the Forum, 1853,
2 vols. p. Svo; 2d Ser., 1854, 2 vols. p. Svo. 11. Public
and Domestic Life of Edmund Burke, 1853, cr. 8vo.
son.
mole and William Lilly, Lon., 1717, 74, Svo.
Burman, Charles. Autobiographies of Elias Ash-
all those who haue a longing desire for their saluation,
Burlz, Thomas. A Comfortable Treatise, sent to
and yet knowe not how to attain thereto by reason of the
mischievous subtilitie of Sathan the arch enemy of man-
kinde, Lon., Svo, sine anno.
Burn, Andrew, Major-General in the Royal Ma-
rines, d. 1814, a native of Scotland. The Christian Officer's
Complete Armour, 2d ed., Lon., 1806, 12mo: recommended
by Sir R. Hill. Who fares best, the Christian or the Man
of the World? 1789, 8vo. Two Witnesses, 1812. Svo.
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Buru, Edward. Letters and Reply to Dr. Priestly, | day. It was immediately trans. into German and French
1791, 92 8vo. Pastoral Hints, 1801, Svo. A Sermon,
1806, 8v
Sir Alexander was assassinated at the insurrection at Ca
bool, November, 1841.
Burn, John. English Grammar, Glasg., 1766, 12mo.
Burn, John, son of Richard Burn, (vide post.) A
New Law Dictionary, by Richard Burn, LL.D., continued
to the present time, Lon., 1792, 2 vols. Svo. The Justice
of the Peace and Parish Officer, by R. B., 18th edit., 1797-
1500, 4 vols. 8vo. Appendix to 17th edit., 1795, Svo.
Burn, John Ilderton. Treatises on Insurances,
1801, 12mo. Stock Jobbing, &c., 1803,'04, '05, Svo.
Burn, John Southerden. Livres des Anglois à
Genève, Lon., 1831, 8vo. History of the Fleet Marriages;
2d edit., Lon., 1834, 8vo.
Burn, Richard, LL.D., 1720-1785, Chancellor of
the Diocese of Carlisle, a native of Winton, Westmoreland,
educated at Queen's College, Oxford, was rector of Ortou
for 49 years.
Justice of the Peace and Parish Officer,
Lon., 1755, 2 vols. 8vo.
The 29th edit., by M. B. Bere and T. Chitty, was pub.
Lon., 1845, 6 vols. Svo; Supplet. to 1852, by E. Wise,
1852, Svo. Ecclesiastical Law, Lon., 1760, 2 vols. 4to;
9th edit., enlarged by R. Phillimore, Lon., 1842, 4 vol. Svo.
"Blackstone in his Commentaries mentions it as one of the very
few publications on the subject of Ecclesiastical Law on which the
:
"}
reader can rely with certainty."
New Militia Law, 1762, 12mo. History of Poor Laws,
with Observations, 1764, Svo.
"One of the best publications that has appeared on the poor
laws.-J. R. MCCULLOCH.
History and Antiquities of Westmoreland and Cumber-
land, in conjunction with Joseph Nicolson, Lon., 1771-77,
2 vol. 4to. Discourses, selected and original, 1774, 4 vol.Svo.
"A book to which young divines may, with great advantage.
apply for models of a strong, manly, dignified pulpit eloquence."
-Blackstone's Commentaries.
9th edit., 1783, 4 vols. 8vo. New Law Dictionary. See
BURN, JOHN.
Burn, sometimes Burne, q. v.
Burnaby, Andrew, D.D., 1732-1812, a native of
Ashfordy, Leicestershire, was educated at Westminster
School, and Queen's College, Cambridge; B. A., 1754;
Cambridge; B. A., 1754;
M. A., 1757; Vicar of Greenwich, 1769: Archdeacon of
Leicester, 1786. Travels through the Middle Settlements
of N. America, 1759, '60, Lon., 1775, 4to. Sermons and
Charges; various dates, repub. in 1 vol. Svo, 1805.
"Highly praised and valued both for matter and manner."
A Journal of a Tour to Corsica in 1766, &c., 1804.
Burnaby, E. A. The Question, Has the House of
Commons a right of Committal to Prison or not? Con-
sidered, 1810, Svo.
"We do not know of any work on the same subject of equal ex-
cellence."-Lon. Apprentice.
4. Expository Lectures on the Principal Texts of the
Bible which relate to the Doctrine of the Trinity, 1845.
5. Popular Objections to Unitarian Christianity Con-
sidered and Answered, 1848. 6. On the Rectitude of
Human Nature, 1850. 7. Christianity: its Essence and
Evidence, 1855. Other works.
Burnes, James. History of the Knights Templars,
Edin., 4to. Visit to the Court of Sinde, and History of
Cutch, Lon., 12mo.
Burnap, Jacob, 1748-1821, father of the preceding,
first minister of Merrimack, N.H., was a native of Reading,
Mass. He pub. an Oration on Independence, 1808, and sepa-
rate serms., 1799, 1801, '06, '08, '09, '11, '15, '18, '19, '20.
Burnby, John. Poor Rates, 1780, 8vo. Canterbury
Cathedral, &c., 1784, 8vo. Freedom of Election, 1785, Svo.
Burne,
James. The Man of Nature, 1773, 2 vols. 12mo.
Burne, Nicholas. The Disputation concerning the
Controversit Headdis of Religion, &c., Paris, 1581, Svo.
This is an account of the disputation between Burne, for-
merly aCalvinist, and some ministers of the Kirk of Scotland. |
Burnel, Henry. Landgartha; a Tragi-Comedy, Dubl.,
1641, 4to.
Burnes, Sir Alexander, Lt. Col., 1805-1841, an
eminent military officer and Oriental scholar, a native of
Montrose, made many important investigations relative to
the geography of the Indus, &c. Journey to and Resi-
dence in Cabool, Lon., 8vo. Travels in Bokhara, 1831-
33, 3 vols. 12mo and 8vo. It is said that between 800
and 900 copies of this gentleman's work sold in a single
Burnet. A Vindication of Woodward's State of Physic,
Lon., 1719, Svo.
Burnet. Sermon on Matt. xii. 32.
Burnet, Alexander, 1614–1684, a native of Peebles;
Bishop of Aberdeen, 1663; Archbishop of Glasgow, 1664.
The Blessedness of the Dead that die in the Lord; being
a Funeral Sermon on the death of the Marquis of Mon-
trose, from Rev. xiv. 13, Glasg., 1673, 4to.
Burnet, Elizabeth, 1661-1709, third wife of Bishop
Burnet, was a daughter of Sir Richard Flake, Kut. At
18 she married Robert Berkeley, Esq., who died in 1693.
In 1700 she was united to Bishop Burnet, who had lost hia
second wife two years previously. A Method for Devo-
tion, or Rules for Holy and Devout Living; 2d edit., Lon.,
1709, Svo; 3d edit., 1715, Svo. Sce Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Burnet, Gilbert, 1643-1715, a native of Edinburgh,
was sent at the age of ten to the University of Aberdeen,
where he took the degree of M.A. before he was 14. At
18 he was received as a probationer, and in 1665 was or-
the living of Saltoun. Two years previously be had visited
dained priest in the Episcopal Church, and presented to
Holland, and applied himself to the study of Hebrew
under a learned Jew. In 1669 he became Professor of
Divinity in the University of Glasgow; Chaplain to the
King, preacher at the Rolls, and lecturer of St. Clement's,
London, 1674, '05. In 1683 he attended Lord Russell to
the scaffold, and being suspected of disaffection, thought
it prudent to retire to Paris. It is to be recorded to his
honour, that although offered the Bishopric of Chichester,
by Charles II., if he would embrace his cause, he refused
the overture, and wrote him a faithful letter, exhorting
him to reform his licentious life and impolitic measures.
Burnap, George W., D.D., b. 1802, Merrimack,
N.H.; grad. Harvard Coll., 1824; in 1827, succeeded Dr.
Sparks in the First Unitarian Church, Baltimore. 1. Lec-
The influence of Burnet in bringing about the Revolu-
tures on the Doctrines of Controversy between Unitarians tion of 1688, and the accession of William and Mary, was
and other Denominations of Christians, 1835. 2. On the
perhaps greater than that of any other person. Je ac-
Sphere and Duties of Women, Balt., 1849, 12mo. 3. Lec-companied William to England as his chaplain, and took
tures to Young Men on the Cultivation of the Mind, the
an active part in the settlement of the new government.
Formation of Character, and the Conduct of Life, Balt., In 1689 the king offered him the Bishopric of Salisbury,
12mo, and Lon., r. Svo.
but with his usual disinterestedness he begged him to con-
fer it on his old friend Dr. Lloyd. His majesty replied,
"I have another person, in view," and next day nominated
Burnet to the see, to which was added subsequently the
Chancellorship of the Order of the Garter. The new bi-
shop now zealously occupied himself with his literary and
official duties, leading a most industrious and useful life
until the year 1715, when he was attacked with a pleuritic
fever, which proved fatal on the 17th of March. The
bishop was a very voluminous writer: see list in Watt's
Bib. Brit., and Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. We notice a few
of his principal works: Memoirs of the Dukes of Hamil-
ton, Lon., 1677, fol.; last edit., Oxf., 1852, 8vo. History
of the Reformation of the Church of England, vol. i. 1679,
fol. This publication was rewarded with an honour never
conferred before or since upon an author. He received the
thanks of Parliament, with a request that he would con-
tinue his researches, and complete the work he had so well
commenced. The historian acquiesced: in 1681 he pub.
vol. ii., and in 1715 vol. iii., with supplement.
"His History of the Reformation had been received with loud
applause by all parties, and had been felt by the Roman Catholics
as a severe blow. The greatest Doctor that the Church of Rome
has produced since the schism of the 16th century, Bossuet, Bishop
of Meaux, was engaged in framing an elaborate reply.”—T. B.
MACAULAY: Hist. of England.
"I told the king. I hoped the reflection on what had befallen.
his father on the 30th of January, might move him to consider
these things more carefully.”
He returned to England in 1685, but again fled to Paris
on the accession of James II. in the same year. He tra-
velled for some time on the Continent, after which, at the
invitation of the Prince and Princess of Orange-daugh-
ter and son-in-law to James II.-he took up his residence
at the Hague, and bore so prominent a share in the politi-
cal counsels of the court, that James II.
Ordered a prosecution of High Treason to be commenced
against him, and demanded his person from the States-general,
but without effect, as he had previously acquired the rights of
naturalization, by forming a union-his first wife being dead-
with a Dutch lady of large fortune named Scott."
"In Bishop Burnet's History of the Church of England, you
will have a full view of the steps which our church took when she
reformed herself from the errors of Popery,"”—DR. WOTTON.
"Burnet, in his immortal History of the Reformation, has fixed
the Protestant religion in this country as long as any religion re
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ma'ns among us. Burnet is, without doubt, the English Euse | this edition, give it a vast superiority over every other."-BISHOP
blus."-DR. APTHORPE.
of WINCHESTER.
"No cautions need be suggested before the perusal of the labori-
ous work of this impartial and liberal Churchman, an ornament
to his order, and who deserved the name of Christian."-PROF.sury of Biblical and theological knowledge, it is alike valuable to
SMYTH: Lectures on Mod. History.
Christians of every communion.”—Lon. Christian Obercer,
Though Burnet's work may have peculiar attractions to an
Episcopalian as an exposition of his articles of faith, yet as a trea-
"One of the most thoroughly digested books of the century."—
PROF. SPALDING.
This work was speedily translated into several European
languages. In the continuation, Burnet had the valuable
assistance of Bishops Lloyd, Tillotson, and Stillingfleet.
The notes and preface of Dr. Nares in his edit. are valu-
able, and Mr. G. L. Corrie's Abridgment (Oxf., 1847, 8vo)
will answer a useful purpose. An edit. was pub. in 1829,
Oxf., 7 vols. Svo; and in 1850, Lon., 2 vols. imp. 8vo, il-
lustrated with 44 portraits from Lodge, and by many valu-
able notes. Before reading Burnet, Lenfant's History of
the Council of Constance, 1728, 2 vols. 4to, should be pe-
rused. This is Burnet's own advice:
.
"I cannot recommend too of the Coun-
"I cannot recommend too highly Lenfant's History of the Coun-
cil of Constance, in which the author has, with great care, given
a view of the state of the Church and Religion before the Reforma
tion, and should be read to prepare a man for reading my his
tory.'"-Pref. to Hist. Reform.
▸
The celebrated History of his Own Times was left in
MS. at his death, with orders that it should not be pub.
until six years after, when it was given to the world with-
out alteration. The first volume, however, did not appear
until 1724, and the 2d was delayed until 1734. The work
was pub. by his son Thomas. This interesting work has
been much abused by the Tories, and it has been a con-
venient target for the wits of such critics as Swift, Pope,
Arbuthnot, and others. The last attempted a parody under
the title of Memoirs of P. P., Clerk of this Parish. Dr.
Flexman pub. an edit. of the Bishop's Own Times, with
Notes, &c., in 1753, 6 vols. 8vo. An edit. was pub. at Ox-
ford, 1833, 6 vols. 8vo, and the last edit. appeared in 1847,
Lon., 2 vols. imp. 8vo, with Hist. and Biog. Notes, and 51
portraits. Such men as the wits just named can bring any
writer into ridicule, but to impugn literary integrity is a
more difficult matter. We may venture something, but we
are willing to incur the risk, when we avow the opinion
that Burnet is one of the most veracious chroniclers in the
language. It was the freedom of its strictures upon certain
pet characters that excited the satire of Pope and the ridi-
cule of Arbuthnot. As for the terms
As for the terms "Silly Puppy,"
"Scotch Dog," "Canting Puppy," and such other ele-
gancies of the kennel, of which Swift was so accomplished
a master, we doubt if they disturb the manes of the worthy
prelate. It is an everyday thing to find a writer of some
centuries' standing accused of prejudice, misrepresentation,
misconception, &c.; but how a critic, who lives two or
three hundred years after a certain occurrence has trans-
pired, can understand it so much better than an eye or
ear-witness, we are too dull to discern. Dr. Johnson's
opinion, as recorded by Boswell, will serve as an instance
Gibbon thus notices Lenfant:
Burnet's work did not meet with universal commenda-
tion: M. Le Grand, Varillas, and others in France, Lowth,
Wharton, and Hickes at home, opened their batteries upon
the stout prelate, who was but little disconcerted by such
assaults. Wharton allows it to have a reputation firmly
and deservedly established. Many errors which had crept
into preceding narrations were corrected by Burnet.
"The defects of Peter Heylyn's History of the Reformation are
abundantly supplied in our author's more complete history. He
gives a practical account of all the affairs of the Reformation. from
its beginning in the reign of Henry VIII. to its final establish;
ment under Queen Elizabeth, A.D. 1559. And the whole is penned
in a masculine style, such as becomes an historian. and is the pro-though much less condemnatory than many-of what
perty of this author in all his writings. The collection of records
which he gives at the end of each volume, are good vouchers of
the truth of what he delivers in the body of the history, and are
much more perfect than couid reasonably be expected, after the
pains taken in Queen Mary's days to suppress every thing that
carried the marks of the Reformation upon it." See Bishop Nicol
son's Eng. Hist. Library.
we refer to:
"The Histories of the three successive Councils, Pisa, Constance,
and Basil, have been written with a tolerable degree of candour,
industry, and elegance, by a Protestant minister, M. Lenfant, who
retired from France to Berlin."
The bishop increased his celebrity by the Lives of Ro-
chester, 1680, 8vo, Hale, and Queen Mary, (including
Rochester,) 1682, 2 vols. 8vo, and Bishop Bedell, 1685,
8vo. He pub. some other valuable biographical sketches,
and the reader is referred to bis Lives and Characters, in-
cluding Hale, Rochester, Boyle, Leighton, &c., edited, with
an introduction, by Bishop Jebb, Lon., 1833, Svo. This vol.
also contains Five Unpublished Letters, by Anne, Countess
Dowager of Rochester, and Burnet's Address to Poe.erity.
"Bishop Burnet's short but exquisite Address to Posterity will
be read and re-read, with fresh improvement and delight, as
long as the English language lasts.
The interesting incidents connected with the Conversion
of the Earl of Rochester, through the instrumentality of
Burnet, are well known.
"The life of Rochester is a work which the critic ought to read
for its elegance, the philosopher for its arguments, and the saint
for its piety."—Dr. Samuel Johnson.
In 1683 he pub. a trans. from the original Latin (1551)
of Sir Thomas More's Utopia. In 1692. 4to, appeared his
celebrate Discourse of the Pastoral Care, which is con-
sidered by some the best of his writings. The 3d edit.,
1713, has a valuable preface added: an edit. was pub. in
1821, 12mo. An enlarged edit. of his History of the Reign
of King James the Second was pub. at Oxf., 1852, Svo.
His Exposition of the XXXIX. Articles of the Church of
England appeared in 1699, fol. Of this work there have
been numerous editions.
"The good bishop seems to be so attentive to the various and
contradictory opinions of others in the several Articles, that you
are often at a loss to find his own."-DR. WILLIAMS.
66
"Burnet's History of his Own Times is very entertaining. The
style, indeed. is mere chit-chat. I do not believe that Burnet in-
tentionally lied; but he was so much prejudiced, that he took no
pains to find out the truth. He was like a man who resolves to
regulate his time by a certain watch; but will not inquire whether
the watch is right or not."
One might suppose that the doctor had roomed with the
bishop, at least: he seems to be so perfectly informed as
to his habits.
Professor Smyth is disposed to do our author more,us-
tice than he has generally had accorded to him:
ever be observed when we listen to the relation of a warm and
"Whatever he reports himself to have heard or seen, the reader
may be assured he really did hear or see. But we must receive
his representations and conclusions with that caution which must
busy partisan, whatever be his natural integrity and good sense.
He is often censured. and sometimes corrected; but the fact seems
to be, that, without his original, and certainly honest, account,
we should know little about the wants and affairs he professes to
explain. Many of the writers who are not very willing to receive
his assistance, would be totally at a loss without it."-Lects.on
Modern History.
We are glad to see that our (for, although American-
born, we claim all the meritorious English authors as ours)
latest historical commentator, Mr. Macaulay, defends the
bishop against his accusers:
subjected to a scrutiny
"It is usual to censure Burnet as a singularly inaccurate his
torian, but I believe the charge to be altogether unjust. He ap
pears to be singularly inaccurate only because his narrative bas
severe and unfriendly,
If any Whig thought it worth while to subject Reresby's Memoirs,
North's Examen, Mulgrave's Account of the Revolution, or the
Life of James the Second, edited by Clarke, to a similar scrutiny,
it would soon appear that Burnet was indeed far from being the
most inexact writer of his time."-Hist. of England.
Horace Walpole considers that the bishop's credulity, as
he styles it, is a proof of his honesty, and pays a deserved
compliment to the easy flow of his narrative:
"It seems as if he had just come from the King's closet, or from
the apartment of the man whom he describes, and was telling his
reader. in plain terms, what he had seen and heard."
Charles Lamb bears testimony to the same effect:
The work contains much information, and candour: perhaps
pursued to a blamable excess."-Bickersteth's Christian Student.
And see chap. xi. in that work.
"I am reading Burnet's Own Times. Did you ever read that
The Exposition of the Articles is highly commended by garrulous. pleasant history? full of scandal, which all true history
Archbishops Tillotson, Tenison, and Sharp; Bishops Stil-is-no palliatives, but all the stark wickedness that actually given
lingfleet, Patrick, Lloyd, Hall, Williams, and other au-
thorities. The Rev. J. R. Page has pub. an edit., with a
valuable Appendix, Notes, and Additional References,
Lon., 1843, Svo.
"The editor has given to our clergy and our students in theo-
logy an edition of this work, which must necessarily supersede
every other; and we feel he deserves well at the hands of the
church which he has so materially served.”—Church of England
Quarterly Review.
"The valuable references, notes, and indices, which accompany
the momentum to national actors :-none of that cursed Humeian
indifference-so cold, and unnatural, and inhuman," &c.-Letters.
As an extempore preacher the bishop was so happy, that
his congregation dreaded his "finally" as much as his
severest official reprehension. Sir John Jekyl told Speaker
Onslow, that one day when he was present, and the worthy
prelate had "preached out the hour-glass" before he had
finished his subject, "he took it up, and held it aloft in
his hand, and then turned it up for another hour; upon
297
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which the audience-a very large one for the place-set
up almost a shout for joy."
We mean no irreverence to the clergy when we remark
that one hour-glass" is as much as a modern congrega-
tion consider themselves entitled to claim.
((
As a parish priest, as well as a diocesan, Burnet was
most exemplary. He wrote well upon the Pastoral Care,
but he did better, he was the constant exemplar of his
own precepts. We give a specimen of his "manner of
life:"
"When Sir Joseph Banks returned from Botany Bay, Monboddo
inquired after the long-tailed men, and, according to Johnson, was
not pleased that they had not been found in all his peregrinations.”
The Origin and Progress of Language was intended to
vindicate the honour of Grecian literature: to properly sot
forth the excellencies of the Grecian philosophy, he pub.
his Ancient Metaphysics, or the Science of Universals, with
an Examination of Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophy, Edin.,
1779–99, 6 vols. 4to.
|
During the five years he remained at Saltoun, he preached
twice every Sunday, and once on one of the week-days: he cate
chized three times a week. so as to examine every parishioner, old
or young, three times in the course of a year: he went round the
parish from house to house, instructing, reproving, or comforting
them, as occasion required: the sick he visited twice a day: he
personally instructed all such as gave notice of their intention to
receive the communion.”—Life, by his son, Thomas Burnet, in Hist.
Own Times.
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
His indifference for preferment, "his degrading him-
self into the lowest and inost painful duties of his calling,"
that he might go about doing good, are highly extolled by
a competent witness, the Marquis of Halifax. In truth,
both the Church and the State are under such deep obli-
gations to the exertions of Bishop Burnet, as a clergyman
and as a statesman, that it ill becomes Englishmen to treat
his memory with either injustice or indifference. See Biog.
Brit.; Swift's Works; Granger's Letters; Laing's Hist. of
Scotland; Birch's Tillotson; Burnet's Reform., 1850; Own
Times, 1847.
Burnet, Gilbert, the bishop's second son, educated
at Merton College, Oxford, and at Leyden, was chaplain
to George I.: he died early in life. An Abridgt. of vol.
iii. of his father's Hist. of the Reformation, 1719. The
Generation of the Son of God, 1720, 8vo. He espoused
the cause of Hoadly in the Bangorian controversy, and
wrote three pieces on the occasion, 1718, &c.
He was a
contributor to the Free-thinker, (collected in 3 vols. 12mo,)
and perhaps to Hibernicus's Letters, 1725, 26, '27.
Burnet, Gilbert, d. 1746, aged 48, Vicar of Coggeshall,
Essex, and Minister of St. James's, Clerkenwell, abridged
the 3 fol. vols. of the Boyle Lectures in 4 vols. 8vo, Lon.,
1737. Practical Sermons, Lon., 1747, 2 vols. 8vo.
"His sermons are written in an agreeable, instructive, and prac-
tical manner; displaying solid reasoning, true piety, and unaffected
charity."
Burnet, Jacob, an American. Notes on the Early
Settlement of the North Western Territory, Svo.
"To all who feel an interest in the destinies of the Western
Country, this book supplies the elements from which a correct
judgment may be formed, not only of its past history, but also of
its probable position, in an intellectual and moral point of view.
For it is only by considering what a nation has been, that any cor-
rect idea can be gained concerning what it is likely to be."
Burnet, James,Lord Monboddo,1714–1799, a na-
tive of Kincardineshire, Scotland, was educated at King's
College, Aberdeen, and studied Civil Law at Groningen,
Holland. He was distinguished rather for profound than
useful learning. In 1764 he was appointed Sheriff of Kin-
cardineshire, and in 1767 he succeeded Lord Milton as a
Lord of Session. The Origin and Progress of Language,
Edin., 1773, 6 vols. 8vo. His lordship was as much ena-
His lordship was as much ena-
moured of the ancients-especially the Greeks-as ever
was the Doctor in Peregrine Pickle. The above-named
work was intended to settle the question as to the superi-
ority of his favourite ancients over a degenerate posterity.
It was not successful.
"Nothing, it was said, but the strange absurdity of his opinions.
could have hindered his book from falling dead-born from the press."
Dr. Johnson often ridiculed the peculiar notions enter-
tained by Monboddo; though, by-the-by, there were some
points of similarity between them, for Foote calls "Mon-
boddo an Elzevir edition of Johnson." When the author
of Rasselas paid the modern Greek a visit, the latter pointed
to the Douglas Arms in his house;-"In such houses,"
said he, our ancestors lived, who were better men than
we.” "No, no, my lord," said Johnson: "we are as strong
Monboddo was an advo-
as they, and a great deal wiser."
cate of the superiority of the savage state: he considered
that men were originally monkeys, and that a nation still
existed with tails.
"
notions; but they conceal them. If they have tails [alluding to
Monboddo's theory of the originally tailed-state of man] they hide
them; but Monboddo is as jealous of his tail as a squirrel.'"-Bos-
well's Johnson.
"This work evinces, like the other, his extravagant fondness for
Grecian learning and philosophy, and his scorn for all that was mo-
dern. It proves, that, though versed in the science of Aristotle and
Plato, he knew not, for want of a sufficient acquaintance with mo-
dern literature, how to explain that science to his contemporaries."
We think that there is great weight in Bacon's remark
that the early age of the world cannot properly be called
its antiquity. The latter ages are really the antiquity of
the world. The remark will be found somewhere in the
Advancement of Learning.
Burnet, John, b. 1784, at Fisherrow, near Edin-
burgh, a distinguished engraver and writer on Art. Prac-
tical Treatise on Painting, 1822-27, 4to: pub. orig. in
three parts. Hints on Composition, Light and Shade, and
Colour. Essay on the Education of the Eye in Referenco
to Painting, 1837, 4to. Illustrated edition of Sir Joshua
Reynolds's Lectures on Painting, with Valuable Notes by
the editor, &c.: 12 plates after the Great Masters; new
Practical Essays on Various Branches of
ed., 1842, 4to.
the Fine Arts, 1818. 12mo. Landscape-Painting in Oil
Colours, 1849, 4to. Rembrandt and his Works, 1849, 4to.
Practical Hints in Portrait-Painting, 1850, 4to. Life and
Works of J. M. W. Turner, 1852, 4to: written in conjunc-
tion with Mr. P. Cunningham. Progress of a Painter,
1854, 4to. These works are illustrated by numerous en-
gravings drawn and executed by Mr. B.
Burnet, Matthias, D.D., d. 1806, aged about 55, an
Episcopal minister at Norwalk, Connecticut, graduated at
Princeton in 1764. He pub. Reflections upon the Season
of Harvest, and two sermons in Amer. Preacher, ii., iii.
Burnet, Thomas, 1635-1715, a native of Croft, York-
shire, entered Clare Hall, Cambridge, 1651; removed to
Christ's College, 1654; Fellow, 1657; Master of the Char-
ter-house, by the Duke of Ormond's influence, 1685. He
gained great distinction by the following work: Telluris
theoria sacra: orbis nostri originem et mutationes generales
quas aut jam eubiit, aut olim subiturus est, complectens.
Libri duo priores de Diluvio et Paradiso, Lon., 1681, 4to.
Libri duo posteriores, de conflagratione mundi et de futuro
rerum statu, 1689, 4to, that is—the English reader will un-
derstand-the first two books treat of the Deluge and
Paradise; the last two, of the burning of the World and
the New Heavens and New Earth. This work met with
much applause, and even Charles II. forgot his dogs and
ladies long enough to give it an inspection, which amply
rewarded his pains. The author was thus encouraged to
translate it into English. He pub. the first two books--
The Sacred Theory of the Earth, &c.-in 1684, fol., with
a dedication to Charles II., and the last in 1689, with a
dedication to Queen Mary. The English version is by no
means an exact transcript of the original; there are addi-
The references to
tions, abridgments, and alterations.
patristic literature are much fuller in the Latin than in the
English. As regards ingenuity of hypothesis and majesty
of style, the work is beyond praise; as a philosophical sys-
tem, it is beneath criticism. Geological data, and the first
principles of scriptural exegesis, are entirely neglected by
our fanciful theorist. Addison complimented the author
in a Latin ode. (in 1669,) which has been prefixed to some
editions of the commended work, in which he addresses
him in the most flattering terms:
|
"O pectus ingens! O animum gravem,
Mundi capacem! Si bonos auguror,
Te. nostra quo tellus superbit,
Accipet renovata civem.'
"}
<
Dr. Warton ranks Burnet with the few in whom the thrce
great faculties of the understanding, viz.: judgment, ima-
"Dr. Johnson attacked Lord Monboddo's strange speculation on gination, and memory have been found united; and he
the primitive state of human nature. Sir, it is all conjecture considers him to have displayed an imagination very nearly
about a thing useless. even were it known to be true. Knowledge equal to that of Milton. On the other hand, Warren, Keill,
of all kinds is good. Conjecture. as to things useful, is good; but
conjecture as to what would be useless to know, such as whether Croft, and Whiston attacked his errors; and Flamstead is
men went upon all fours, is very idle. . . . It is a pity to see Lord reputed to have told the author that "there went more to
Monboddo publish such notions as he has done: a man of sense, the making of a world than a fine-turned period, and that
and of so much elegant learning. There would be little in a fool he was able to overthrow the theory in one sheet of paper.'
doing it; we should only laugh; but when a wise man does it, we
T There are certainly grave errors put forth by Burnet, which
are sorry. [Monboddo had written a preface to the trans. of Con-
damine's Account of the Savage Girl.] Other people have strange
we need not specify here. The literary excellence of the
"
298
BUR
BUR
Theory has been acknowledged even by those who most
strongly condemned its assumptions. Keill tells us
* For as I believe never was any book fuller of errors and mis-
takes in philosophy, so none ever abounded with more beautiful
scenes and surprising images of nature. But I write only to those
who might perhaps expect to find a true philosophy in it; they
who read it as ingenious romance will still be pleased with their
entertainment.”
But Keill treats the author with much severity in other
parts of his Examination.
|
"Apart from his mistakes, his works contain some things relat
ng to the Scriptures worth reading; while the reader ought to be
his guard against their sophistry and skepticism."—Orme's
Bib. Bibl
"He attempted to explain the three periods contained in the
twelfth chapter of Daniel, with arguments to prove that the first
period expired in 1715."
An interesting account of Governor Burnet will be found
in Allen's American Biog. Dict.
Burnet, William, M.D. Mediterranean Fever, Lon.,
1814, 8vo.
In 1727, 12 years after his death, appeared De Fide et
Officiis Christianorum, and De Statu Mortuorum et Resur-
gentium, the last advocating the doctrine of the Millennium,
and the limited duration of Future Punishment. Burnet
had a few copies privately printed, but had no intention
of publishing a work which he knew would elicit much
censure. Imperfect copies, however, got into circulation,
and Burnet's friend Wilkinson determined to publish a
correct edition. In a 2d edit., pub. in 1733, an addition
was made to the last-named piece, entitled De futura Ju-
dæorum restauratione, taken from Burnet's MSS. He is
also said to have been the author of three pieces pub. with-
out his name under the title of Remarks upon an Essay
concerning Human Understanding; the first two pub. in
1697, the last in 1699, which Remarks met with a response
by Mrs. Catherine Trotter (afterwards Cockburn) in her
Defence of Locke's Essay, 1702, written when Mrs. Trot-
ter was but twenty-three years of age. It is to be re-
gretted that Burnet's judgment was so much inferior to
his imagination. His Sacred Theory of the Earth is
|
Burnett, Andrew. Thanksgiving Sermon, 1696, 4to.
Burnett, Charles M. Insanity tested by Science,
Lon., 1848, Svo. Philosophy of Spirits in relation to Mat-
ter, 1850, Svo. The Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of
God as displayed in the Animal Creation, 1838, 8vo.
"Admirably adapted to lead the mind to knowledge of a ver
valuable and extensive order.”—Løm. Literary Gazette.
Burnett, George. English and Latin Poems, 1809,8vo.
Burnett, George, d. 1811, educated at Baliol College.
Oxford. Introduction to Mavor's Universal History, Lon,
1802, &c., 25 vols. 8vo. A View of the Present State of
1802, &c., 25 vols. 8vo.
Poland, 1807, 12mo.
"A splendid example of erroneous views in philosophy.”—Edin-
burgh Review.
"Some of the author's peculiarities have tended to discredit
other scriptural doctrines which he supported."-BICKERSTETH.
Burnet, Thomas, D.D., d. 1750, Rector of West
Kingston, and Prebendary of Sarum, was educated at
New College, Oxford. Essay upon Government, Lon.,
1726, 8vo. Answer to Tindal's Christianity as old as the
Creation. Treatise on Scriptural Politics. Sermons, 1722,
'26.
16 Sermons preached at Boyle's Lecture, Lon., 1726,
2 vols. 8vo. An Essay on the Trinity. This is a very cu-
rious dissertation.
was pub. in 1777. He incurred the displeasure of Pope b
a travesty of the first Sook of the Iliad. Of course, he
was pub. in the Dunciad, which pillory would always hold
one more offender.
Burnet, Thomas. The Sweets of Solitude, and
other Poems, 1807, 12mo.
Burnet, William, 1688-1729, eldest son of Bishop
Burnet, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and
at Leyden. He was one of tre many dupes of the South
Sea scheme.
Sea scheme. In 1720 he was appointed Governor of New
York, and was transferred to the government of Massa-
chusetts and New Hampshire in 1728. He contributed to
Phil. Trans., and pub. an Essay on Scripture Prophecy,
1724.
"His sentiments are far from orthodox on many points. He
onsidered the Mosaic account of the Fall, a pious allegory; ori-
ginal sin, a fiction; and he doubted the resurrection of the same
body, and the eternity of future punishment.”—ÜRME.
His works are now much neglected, although when first Svo.
published
"The novelty of his ideas. the perspicuity and elegance of his
style. recommended his works to the attention of the learned."-
Enfield's Philosophy,
Burnet, Thomas, M.D., Physician in Ordinary to
the King, and brother to Bishop Burnet. Thesaurus Me-
dicine Practica, etc., Lon., 1673, 4to; best edit., with the
author's last corrections, Geneva, 1698, 4to. Haller enu-
merates 12 edits. printed in England and on the Conti-
nent. Hippocrates contractus, etc., Edin., 1685, Svo; Lon.,
1686, Svo: Vien., 1737, 8vo; Venet., 1751, Svo; Strasburg,
1765. Of Dr. Burnet's life no particulars are known.
Burnet, Thomas, d. 1753, nephew of the above, and
third and youngest son of Bishop Burnet, was educated
at Merton College, after leaving which he became a stu-
dent of the Temple. The abstruse mysteries of Law
pleased him less than "good company," and he was in a
fair way to be ruined when he took a determination to
change his course. His father, one day, observing his un-
usually grave countenance, asked him what he was medi-
tating? A greater work," replied the son,
"than your
lordship's History of the Reformation." "What is that,
Tom?" ((
My own reformation, my lord." "I shall be
heartily glad to see it," responded the father, "but almost
despair of it." Now we may pardon the bishop's incre-
dulity, when we are informed that the scapegrace was
suspected of being one of the wild "Mohocks" of whom we
read so much in the Spectator. Swift tells Stella,
Co
"Young Davenant tells us how he was set upon by the Mohocks.
and how they ran his chair through with a sword. It is not safe
being in the streets at night. The Bishop of Salisbury's son is
said to be of the gang. They are all Whigs.”
Yet the young man was better even than his word, he
not only thought of reforming-ho reformed, and became
one of the most prominent lawyers of his day, and in
1741 was made a Justice of the Court of Common Pleas.
We have already referred to his having published his fa- |
ther's History of his Own Times, and he gavo to the world
some political pamphlets,-A Letter to the People, Our
Ancestors as wise as we, &c.,-and a vol. of his poems |
"The ingenuousness of the author secures to him the confidence
of his readers, while the fairness of his narrative, the flow of his
style, and the liberality and good sense which distinguish his re-
marks, render the perusal of his work highly gratifying. We ren-
der this little volume very moderate justice when we state that it
exceeds in interest and value many larger works penned under
circumstances more auspicious.”—Lm. Monthly Review,
Specimens of English Prose Writers, Lon., 1807, 3 vols.
"We regard these volumes as worthy of no small commenda-
tion, and to all who are interested in the progress of their mother-
tongue we cheerfully recommend a perusal of them."- London
Monthly Rev.
These specimens, if reprinted in a royal Svo vol., would
amply reward, we think, the enterprise of the publishers.
They form a fitting companion to Ellis's Specimens of Early
English Poetry: 5th edit., Lon., 1845, 3 vols. 12mo.
Burnett, Gilbert T., 1800-1835, a lineal descend-
ant of Bishop Burnet, (he added a t to the patronymic,)
was Professor of Botany in King's College, London, to the
Royal Institution, the Company of Apothecaries, and to
the Medico-Botanical Society. He was also a member of
the Royal College of Surgeons, associate editor of the
London Medical and Surgical Journal, editor of Dr. Ste-
phenson and Mr. Churchill's Medical Botany, 3 vols. 8vo, a
contributor to several medical journals, and pub. Outlines
of Botany, 1835, Svo. His sister. Miss M. A. Burnett, has
published from his MSS., Illustrations of Useful Plants
employed in the Arts and Medicine, 126 Nos. 1842-49, 4to.
The drawings and colouring of the plates are the work of
this accomplished lady. Stephenson and Churchill's Me-
dical Botany is a most valuable work.
The most complete and comprehensive work on Medical Bo-
tany."-Lon. Pharmaceutical Journal.
Burnett, John, 1764–1810, a Scotch lawyer, sheriff
of the shire of Haddington, 1803, Judge-admiral of Scot-
land, 1810, prepared a Treatise on the various branches
of the Criminal Law of Scotland, which was in the press
at the time of his death. It was pub. in 1811, Edin., 4to.
"Burnett's Criminal Law is admitted to be. in many points of
view, imperfect and unsatisfactory; but it is remarkable as having
been one of the earliest serious attempts to form a collection of
decisions. Though he is looked at by the Bench with some dis-
trust, yet his excellencies are manifold, and are more seldom quotes
than his errors, because the former have now become part of our
consuetudinary practice."-Law Journal.
Burnett, John. Two Sermons, 1774, Svo.
Burnett, Miss M. A. See BURNETT, GILbert T.
Burnett, Thomas. The British Bulwark, Lon.,
1715, 12mo. Second Tale of a Tub; or the Hist. of
Robert Powel, 1715, Svo; a satire on Sir Robert Walpole,
ascribed to Thomas Duffet.
Burnett, Waldo Irving, 1828-1854. b. at Southboro',
Massachusetts. A distinguished scientific writer.
His
various papers may be found in the Journal of the Boston
Society of Nat. History; in the Memoirs of the American
Academy of Arts and Sciences; American Journal of
Scienco; Boston Med. and Surg. Journal; and Am. Journal
299
BUR
BUR
1
!
|
Burney, Caroline. Seraphina; a Novel, 1809; 3 vols.
Burney, Charles, Mus. Doc., 1726-1814, a native of
Shrewsbury, was educated at the free school there, and at
the public school of Chester. His musical talent was de-
veloped under the instruction of the celebrated Dr. Arne.
In 1749 he was elected organist of a church in London,
and afterwards he officiated in the same capacity at Lynn,
when with Dr. Arne he composed the music of three
pieces for Drury Lane Theatre,-Alfred, Robin Hood, and
Queen Mab. In 1766 he brought forward at Drury Lane,
The Cunning Man, from Rousseau's Devin du Village, and
adapted to his (R.'s) music. In 1769 he received from
Oxford the degree of Doctor of Music. In 1770 he tra-
velled on the Continent to procure materials for his Gene-
ral History of Music: of his excursions he pub. an ac-
count, entitled The Present State of Music in France and
Italy, &c. in 1771, 8vo; 2d. edit., 1774, 8vo; and in 1773,
2 vols. 8vo, appeared The Present State of Music in Ger-
many, &c. Joel Collier burlesqued this work in his Mu-ing, is the best piece of dramatic criticism that has ever been
sical Travels through England, Lon., 1776, Svo. Johnson
remarked, when referring to the composition of his Tour
to the Hebrides,
The energy and industry with which Burney pursued
his laborious undertaking, merit warm commendation
The four massive volumes were the product, he tells us,
"of moments stolen from sleep, from reflection, and from
an occupation which required all the author's attention
during more than twelve hours a day, for a great part of
the year.'
the year." See preface to the General History of Music.
The Commemoration of Handel was celebrated at West-
minster Abbey in 1782, and at the request of the Earl of
Sandwich, Burney drew up a history of this occurrence,
entitled An Account of the Musical Performances in West-
minster Abbey and the Pantheon, in Commemoration of
Handel, Lon., 1785, 4to. In 1789 his distinguished friend,
Edmund Burke, procured for him the situation of organist
of Chelsea College. In 1796 he pub. his Memoirs of the
Life and Writings of the Abbot Metastasio, with trans. of
his Letters, 3 vols. 8vo. This was a subject in which the
doctor took a deep interest: he writes to his daughter
Fanny, Madame D'Arblay, May 7, 1795:
"I am hallooed on prodigiously in my Metastasio mania. All
the critics-Warton, Twining, Nares, and Dr. Charles-say that
his Estratto dell' Arte Poetica d'Aristotile, which I am now translat-
<
+
written. Bless my heart!' says Warton; I, that have been all
my life defending the three unities, am overset.'Ay,' quoth I,
'has not he made you all ashamed of 'em? You learned folks are
only theorists in theatrical matters, but Metastasio had sixty
years' successful practice. There! Go to.”—Diary and Letters of
Madame d'Arblay, vol. vi. 36; at p. 98 see reference to his Poetical
History of Astronomy.
A
of Med. Sci. Comparative Anat. of Siebold and Stannius,
vol. i. Svo. Ably translated from the German, with addi-
tions.
“I had the musical tour of that clever dog Burney in my eye."
The General History of Music from the earliest ages to
the present period, to which is prefixed a Dissertation on
the Music of the Ancients, appeared in 4 vols. 4to, Lon.,
1776-89. Sir John Hawkins's work on the same subject
was pub. complete in 5 vols. 4to, in the same year in which
the 1st vol. of Burney's History made its appearance-poets,
1776. We find the following comparison of their merits
in the Harmonicon :
Have you read Sir John Hawkins's History?
Some folks think it quite a mystery;
Both I have, and I aver
That Burney's History I prefer."
The Monthly Reviewers, whose smile was joy, and
whose frown was death, to many a trembling author of
the last century, give the preference altogether to Burney:
To Dr. B. the praise is justly due, of having first begun to
supply, in a masterly and able manner, a vacuity in our English
literature. The literal vacancy, indeed, on the shelves of a library
was filled by another History of Music before this was compiled:
but the work before us, we hesitate not to pronounce, is the only
one yet produced of its kind, in our own, and, we believe, in any,
language, that can be read with satisfaction by real judges of the
subject: the only one, in which they will find any thing approach-
ing to an union of all the requisites of a good musical historian:
—a thorough knowledge of the subject: a sound and unprejudiced
judgment; criticism equally supported by science and by taste,
and much authentic and original information, rendered more in-
teresting by a certain amenity, which is the general character of
Dr. B.'s manner of writing, and which may best be defined, as the
diametrical opposite to every thing that we call dull and dry. We
do not recollect any literary undertaking, of equal labour both in
research and execution, where that labour is more apparent to
the reader, when he considers the work, or less evident while he
reads it."
This last compliment is one of the most graceful which
we remember. One of Burney's biographers remarks:
"Between the two rival histories, the public decision was loud
and immediate in favour of Dr. Burney. Time has modified this
opinion, and brought the merits of each work to their fair and
proper level.-and adjudging to Burney the palm of style, ar-
rangement, and amusing narrative, and to Hawkins the credit of
minuter accuracy and deeper research; more particularly in the
points interesting to the antiquary, and the literary world in
general."
Dr. Busby pub. in 1819 a General History of Music,
abridged from the works of Burney and Hawkins, in 2
vols. 8vo. Dr. Johnson interested himself in assisting the
researches of his friend, the Musical Doctor. He writes
to Dr. Wheeler, Nov. 2, 1778,
“Dr. Burney who brings this paper is engaged in a History of
Music, and having been told by Dr. Markham of some MSS. relat-
ing to his subject, which are in the library of your college, [Tri-
nity,] is desirous to examine them. He is my friend: and, there
fore. I take the liberty of entreating your favour and assistance in
his inquiry and can assure you, with great confidence, that if you
knew him, he would not want any intervenient solicitation to ob-
tain the kindness of one who loves virtue and learning as you
love them."
The work was well received:
The amusers of our
"Let it not be a reproach to our estimable biographer, that he
has described with the voluminous gravity of history, a group of
singers, actors, and musicians. It is well that a work of
this kind should make its appearance.
leisure, the artists of our pleasures, may justly be ranked among
the benefactors of society. Let it belong, then, to the muse of
fame, to elevate monuments over their remains, and to strew
flowers on their grave, in token of grateful remembrance."-
Monthly Review, 1796.
• •
In Phil. Trans., 1779, will be found the doctor's Account
of an Infant Musician. He contributed to Rees's Cyclo-
pædia almost all the musical articles, for which he re-
ceived £1000.
ceived £1000. Dr. Burney was a familiar associate of the
most distinguished literary gentlemen of his time. Of his
children, James rose to the rank of admiral, Charles was
one of the most celebrated Hellenists of his age, and two
of his daughters, Frances (Madame D'Arblay) and Sarah
Harriet, were novelists. These will all be noticed in their
order. In 1806 Dr. B. was granted a pension of £300,
and in 1810 he was elected a member of the Institute of
France. Mr. Macaulay justly blames Dr. Burney for
causing his daughter Frances to prolong her servitude at
Court as Keeper of the Robes :
"His veneration for royalty amounted, in truth, to idolatry. It
can be compared only to the grovelling superstition of those Syrian
devotees who made their children pass through the fire to Moloch.”
Read this admirable sketch,—" Madame d'Arblay,” in Edin. Re
view, January, 1843, and in Macaulay's Miscellanies.
In his general character, however,
"Dr. Burney was exemplary in all the relations of life; and his
manners were said to possess all the graces of the Chesterfield
school. without any of its formality, or vicious alloy of moral and
religious laxity. . . . As a composer, his merits and claims aro
unquestionably high."
The commendation of Sir William Jones is one of which
any one might, indeed, be proud:
"Dr. Burney gave dignity to the character of the modern musi-
cian, by joining to it that of the scholar and philosopher.”.
Burney, Charles, Jr., D.D., 1757-1817, a son of
the preceding, was a native of Lynn, Norfolk. He went
to the Charter-house in 1768, and from thence to Caius
College, Cambridge; he proceeded M.A. in 1781; LL.D.
at Aberdeen in 1792; D.D. at Cambridge in 1808. He
was for some time engaged in an academy at Highgate,
and afterwards became assistant to Dr. Rose, the transla-
tor of Sallust, at Chiswick, whose daughter he married in
1783. He was from 1783 to 1800 a contributor of classical
articles to the Monthly Review, and for two or three years
was editor of the London Magazine. His dissertation in
the Monthly Review on Porson's Hecuba, and Wakefield's
Diatribe, was received with great respect by Hermann,
Gaisford, and other eminent Grecians. Appendix ad
Lexicon Gr. Lat. a Scapula, etc., 1789, Svo: from some pa-
pers formerly in Askew's possession. Appendix, contain-
"The bearer, Dr. Burney, has had some account of a Welsh
manuscript in the Bodleian library, from which he hopes to gaining Remarks on the Greek Verses of Milton, at the end
gome materials for his History of Music; but being ignorant of
of J. Warton's edit. of Milton's Minor Poems, 1791, 8vo.
the language, is at a loss where to find assistance. I make no Richardii Bentleii et Doctorum Virorum Epistolæ, 1807,
doubt but you, sir, can help him through his difficulties, and, 4to. Of this beautiful work only 200 copies were printed
therefore, take the liberty of recommending him to your favour,
for private circulation. Copies have sold as high as ten
as I am sure you will find him a man worthy of every civility that
can be shown, and every benefit that can be conferred." See Bos-
guineas. Friedemann reprinted it at Leipsic in 1825,
well's Life of Johuson,
Tentamen de Metris ab Eschylo in Choricis Cantibus ad-
On the same occasion, he invokes the good offices of
Dr. Edwards in behalf of Burney:
300
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1
bibitus, 1809, 8vo. It is superfluous to call the attention
of the well-informed scholar to so scholarlike a work.
"Profound scholarship is here united with so much useful plain-
ness of instruction, that we earnestly recommend the Tentamen to
the upper forms in our great seminaries of learning, and to our
young men who are perusing the Lyric compositions of Ancient
Greece at the universities."-Lon. Monthly Review.
Bishop Pearson's Exposition of the Creed, abridged, for
the Use of young Persons, 1810, 8vo; 2d edit. 1812, 12mo.
Philemonis Lexicon Technologicum etc. è Biblioth. Pa-
risiens. Lon., 1812, 4to and 8vo.
"Philemon lived about the ninth century. The Lexicon of
which Villoisin has spoken in such high terms of approbation, and
of which Ruhnken had given some extracts, is at length published
for the first time by Dr. Charles Burney, from the MS. in the Na-
tional Library at Paris. All the learned are aware how much this
Important Glossary was treasured by the early grammarians. We
are under great obligations to the editor for so valuable an ac-
cession to classical literature."
Se discourses the Museum Criticum, but Bast calls at-
tention to the fact that the whole of this work had ori-
Osann
ginally appeared in the Lexicon of Plavorinus.
reprinted it at Berlin in 1821. Its value is not so unques-
tionable as the Museum Criticum would have us believe.
Sermon preached at the Anniversary Mecting of the
Stewards of the Sons of the Clergy, at St. Paul's, May
14th, 1812; Lon., 1813, 4to. The list of the Greek writers
in Harris's excellent Catalogue of the Library of the Royal
Institution, was drawn up by Dr. Burney.
*C
Dr. Charles Burney acquaints Mr. Harris that he drew up the
classical catalogue with a view to its being printed. whole and en-
tire. As there is no list of Greek books so ample. he still thinks
that its publication might be of service to the sale of the R. I.
Catalogue; but readily submits the matter to the decision of the
patrons."-Greenwich, March 3, 1809.
Consequently the list was pub. in the 2d edit. of the
Catalogue, Lon., 1821, r. 8vo. Let the BIBLIOGRAPHICAL
student procure it without delay.
Burney, Charles Parr, M.D., Archdeacon of Col-
chester, and Rector of Wickham. Sermon on 2 Cor. iii. 5
Consecration of a Bishop, Lon., 1816, 4to.
Burney, Frances. See D'ARBLAY, MADAME.
Burney, James, Rear-Admiral of the British navy,
1739-1821, son of Charles Burney, Mus. Doc., performed
two voyages of discovery with Captain Cook, being first
lieutenant in Cook's third voyage. On Cook's death he
acted as captain, and brought the "Discovery" home. At
the request of his friend, Sir Joseph Banks, he undertook
to compile a Chronological History of the Discoveries in
the South Sea, or Pacific Ocean; with a History of the
Buccaneers of America; this work was pub. Lon., 1803-
17, with maps and charts, in 5 vols. 4to.
"This digest comprehends all the voyages in the South Sea, to
the reign of George III.; Hawkesworth's account of Cook's First
Voyage following without any chasm. as an immediate sequel.”
Mr. Stevenson, referring to this work and Dalrymple's
Collection, remarks:
"Both these works are by men qualified by science, learning,
research, and devotedness to their object. to perform well what they
undertook on any subject connected with geography and disco-
very."-Historical Sketch, etc.
"Burney's is a masterly digest of Voyages in the South Sea, dis-
playing a rare union of nautical skill, and literary research.”—Lon.
Quarterly Review.
"L'introduction renferme une relation succinte de toutes les
découvertes faites avant le voyage de Magellan. L'auteur a con-
sulté et comparé à cet effet toutes les relations qui nous restent
sur ces découvertes; mais en général, il a suivi celles de Ferrera
et de Pigafetta." Voyez Bibliothèque Universelle des Voyages, &c.,
par G. Boucher de la Richarderie. ~ A Paris. 1808, 6 vols. 8vo.
Chronological History of North-Eastern Voyages of
Discovery, and of the early Eastern Navigations of the
Russians, 1819, Svo. Plan of Defonce against Invasion,
1796, 4to. Measures recommended for the Support of
Public Credit, 1797. 4to. The Burneys were all favourites
of Dr. Johnson. We have seen (ante) how much interest
he felt in the father's success. It is pleasing to see the
following evidence that his regard was continued to the
son: he refers to Captain Burney's appointment to the
"Bristol," in 1781:
"I am willing to hear, however, that there is happiness in the
world, and delighted to think on the pleasure diffused among the
Burneys. I question if any ship upon the ocean goes out with
more good wishes than that which carries the fate of Burney."
Letter to Mrs. Thrale.
Burney, Richard, Rector of St. Peter's, Canterbury.
King Charles the Second presented to the Houses of Par-
iament in their next Session as Strength, Honour, and
Poace of the Nations; delivered in eight sermons, Lon.,
(1660.) 4to.
“Written in a vaunting and bombast style.”—LOWNDES.
Burney, Sarah Harriet, half-sister to Frances
Burney, was also a novelist, but not so fortunate in gain-
ing the public attention. Geraldine Fauconberg; a Novel,
1808, 3 vols. 12mo. The Wanderer, or Female Difficulties,
1814, 5 vols. 12mo. The Shipwreck; being vol. i. of the
Tales of the Fancy, 1815, 12mo. Traits of Nature; a
Novel, 1812, 4 vols.; 2d edit., 1812, 5 vols. 12mo.
"We have before remarked that together with family talents. we
discern a family likeness in this lady's productions; and the same
idea is excited by the volumes before us. In particular, the be-
roine, Adela, strikes us as bearing a resemblance to Erelina, in
character and situation."-Lon. Monthly Review, 1813.
"This lady has copied the style of her relative, but has not her
raciness of humour, or power of painting the varieties of the hu-
man species."-Chambers's Cyclopædia of Eng. Lit.
Burney, William, LL.D., 1762-1832, Master of the
Royal Academy, Gosport. The Naval Heroes of Great
Britain, 1806, 12mo. The British Neptune, 1806, 12mo.
A New Universal Dictionary for the Marine, enlarged from
Falconer, 1815, 4to. Falconer's work was pub. 1769, and
in 1771, '80, and '89, 4to.
Burnham, R. G., an American author. Cancelling
Arithmetic. Arithmetic for Common Schools and Acade
Part 1, Mental Arithmetic.
mies.
"The philosophy of the mode of teaching adopted in this work
is: Commence where the child commences, and proceed as the
child proceeds: fall in with his own mode of arriving at truth;
aid him to think for himself, and do not the thinking for him.”
Part Second, Written Arithmetic.
"It is the result of a long experience in teaching, and contains
sufficient of arithmetic for the practical business purposes of life."
Burnham, Richard. Pious Memorials; or, the
Power of Religion upon the Mind in Sickness and at
Death, Lon., 1753, 8vo, and 1820, Svo; pub. by Mr. Burder.
In the preface to this work will be found some useful
anecdotes and devout reflections by Mr. Hervey, author
of the Meditations, &c.
Burns, Allan, a native of Glasgow, and a teacher of
anatomy and surgery. Observations on Diseases of the
Heart. Illustrated by Cases, Edin., 1809, Svo.
Obs. on
the Surgical Anatomy of the Head and Neck, 1812, Svo.
Burns, Arthur. Method of Surveying, Chester,
1771, Svo.
Burns, Jabez, D.D. The Parables and Miracles of
Jesus Christ, Lon., 12mo.
..
An admirable volume, full of the loftiest truths and the most
valuable deductions and applications."-Lon. Spectator.
400 Sketches and Skeletons of Sermons, 4 vols. 12mo;
ditto for Special Occasions, 1 vol. 12mo.
"The author is a man of the right stamp; watching for souls as
one that must give account."-Revivalist.
Light for the House of Mourning: a Book for the Be-
reaved. Light for the Sick Room: a Book for the Afflicted.
"An excellent book for the invalid's chamber."-Lon. Baptist
Magazine.
A treatise benevolently conceived. powerfully written, and
well adapted to answer the ends for which it has been composed."
-Lon. Morning Herald.
M
Other religious works.
Burns, John, M.D., Regius Professor of Surgery in
the University of Glasgow. The Principles of Surgery,
Lon., 1838, 2 vols. 8vo.
"A very comprehensive treatise on the principles and practice
of surgery."-Lon. Medico-Chirurgical Review.
Principles of Midwifery; 10th edit. enlarged, 1843, Sro.
Treatment of Diseases of Women and Children, Svo. Guide
edit., 1846, 12mo. Christian Fragments, or Remarks on the
to Health, 12mo. Principles of Christian Philosophy, 6th
Nature, Precepts, and Comforts of Religion, 1844, f. Svo.
"We recommend this volume with sincere pleasure to our read-
ers as an admirable manual of devotion, and a safe companion in
seasons of distress.”—Lon. Athenæum.
Other professional works.
Burns, Robert, b. January 25, 1759, d. July 21,
1796, was a native of the Parish of Alloway, near Ayr,
Scotland. His father, a small farmer, sent him to the
county school in the neighbourhood, where he acquired a
knowledge of the English branches, to which he subse-
quently added a limited acquaintance with Latin, French,
and geometry. He eagerly devoured all the books which
fell in his way, and Guthrie's Grammar, the Gardener's
Directory, and Hervey's Meditations, engrossed the time
spared from the Seasons of Thomson and the Plays of
Shakspeare. When about 16 he "first committed," to use
his own phraseology, "the sin of rhyme." His powers
were first awakened, as is usually the case with young
poets, by an affair of the heart. In essaying the accents
of affection, his muse found its voice, and the gift once
discovered was not likely to be disregarded. His poems.
circulated in manuscript through the country, and were
much admired by his rural readers, and he had no incon-
siderable fame as a poet, when some friends persuaded
him to publish a volume in order to defray his expenses to
Jamaica, where he hoped to obtain a situation as overseer
on a plantation. His first project had been emigration to
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the United States. Accordingly the volume was pub. in
1786, Svo, at Kilmarnock, and met with great success, the
600 copies resulting in a profit of £20, which was a small
fortune to the young author. Burns now engaged his
passage, embraced his friends, and sent his chest to
Greenock to be placed on board a vessel bound for Ja-
maica, when he received through a letter to a friend, an
imvitation from Dr. Blacklock to visit Edinburgh. It was
accepted, for-remarks Burns-
|
"His opinion that I would meet with encouragement in Edin-
burgh for a second edition of my poems, fired me so much, that
away I posted for that city, without a single acquaintance, or a
single letter of introduction."
He was greatly admired in Edinburgh. Dr. Robertson,
Dugald Stewart, Henry Mackenzie, and other men of note,
felt & pleasure in drawing admiring crowds round the rustic
poet, whose conversational abilities struck his auditors with
as much surprise as they had experienced from the perusal
of his verses.
"It needs no effort of imagination to conceive what the sensa-
tions of an isolated set of scholars (almost all either clergymen or
professors) must have been in the presence of this big-boned, black-
browed, brawny stranger, with his great flashing eyes, who having
forced his way among them from the plough-tail. at a single stride,
manifested in the whole strain of his bearing and conversation, a
most thorough conviction that in the society of the most eminent
men of his nation, he was exactly where he was entitled to be:
bardly deigned to flatter them by exhibiting even an occasional
symptom of being flattered by their notice: by turns calmly mea-
sured himself against the most cultivated understandings of his
time, in discussion; overpowered the bon mots of the most celebrated
convivialists by broad floods of merriment, impregnated with all
the burning life of genius; astounded bosoms habitually enveloped
in the thrice-piled folds of social reserve, by compelling them to
tremble-nay to tremble visibly-beneath the fearless touch of
natural pathos."-LOCKHART.
R. H. Cromek, Lon., 1808, Svo.
R. H. Cromek, Lon., 1808, Svo. Select Scottish Songs, by
R. H. Cromek, Lon., 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. Works, 5 vols. 8vo.
Poems ascribed to Robert Burns, Glasg., 1801, svo: this
vol. contains some pieces omitted by Currie, who left out
many exceptionable ones. Letters addressed to Clarinda,
Glasg., 1802, 12mo. This vol. was suppressed. Heron's
Memoirs of the Life of Burns, Edin., 1797, Svo. Views in
North Britain, to illustrate the Poems of Burns, by Storer
and Greig, 1805, 4to. Poems, with Life, Remarks on his
writings, &c., 1811, 2 vols. 8vo; this edit, contains many
poems and letters not in Currie's collection. A Critique on
the Poems of Burns, 1812, Svo. Review of the Life of
A Letter rela-
Burns, by Alex. Peterkin, Edin., 1815, Svo.
tive to Currie's edit. of Burns, by William Wordsworth,
1816, Svo. The Poems and Songs of Buins, by the Rev
Works of Burns, by his
Hamilton Paul, Glasg., 1819.
brother Gilbert Burns, 1820, 4 vols. 8vo. A Pilgrimage to
the Land of Burns, 1822, 8vo. A Series of Illustrations
of the Poems of Burns, by W. Kidd. The Life of Burns,
by J. G. Lockhart, Edin., 1828, Svo; 5th edit., Lon., 1817,
fp. 8vo. Life and Works of Burns, by Robert Chambers,
1857, 4 vols. 8vo. Up to the present year (1858) perhaps
115 edits. have been issued in all!
115 edits. have been issued in all! The illustrated edition
by Blackie & Son, Edin., 2 vols. r. 8vo, preceded by Prof.
Wilson's Essay on the Genius and Character of Burns, and
Dr. Currie's Memoir of the Poet, with Notes and Literary
and Pictorial Illustrations, has met with great favour.
"It is all that the admirers of the national Poet can desire; com-
plete, accurate, and handsome.”—Lon. Monthly Review.
The Illustrations are executed in the first style of art, and the
typographical department of the work cannot be surpassed.”—Lon.
Allus.
The Bishop of Aberdeen, whom Burns visited when in
that sity not long after, gives us a high opinion of the poet's
power of interesting his new friends:
Allan Cunningham's edition, (pub. by Henry G. Bohn,)
with Life by A. Č., and Notes by Sir Walter Scott, Thomas
Campbell, Wordsworth, and Lockhart, 1847, contains 150
pieces more than are to be found in Currie's edition. Mr.
"A this personal appearance, it is very much in his favour.
Bohn's edit. contains 848 pages, whereas one pub. in similar
He is a genteel-looking young man, of good address, and talks with
as much propriety as if he had received an academical education. shape professing to be "the only complete edition," contains
He has, indeed. a flow of language, and seems never at a loss to but 504 pages, the matter being two-thirds only of Bohn's
express himself in the strongest and most nervous manner.
edit. In the latter the life by Cunningham fills 164 pp.;
my quoting with surprise. some sentiments of the Ayrshire plow whilst in the former it is abridged and comprised in 47
myn. · Well,' said he, and a plowman I was from my youth, and
till within these two years had my shoes studded with a hundred pages. It is an interesting fact that within a year from
tackets. But even then I was a reader, and had very early made
the publication of Burns's Poems in Edinburgh, 1787, two
all the English poets familiar to me, not forgetting the old bards editions were pub. in the United States, viz.: in New York
of the best of all the poetical books, the Old Testament."-Bishop and in Philadelphia, 1788.
|
Skinner's Letter to his son.
On
C
A second edition of his poems was pub. at Edinburgh in
1787, 2 vols. 8vo; the immediate profit of which, includ-
ing copyright and subscriptions, was £700, and a further
sum was subsequently received by the successful author.
This large receipt in a day of comparatively few readers,
is to be attributed to the fact that many subscribers volun-
tarily paid one and two guineas per copy, instead of the
six shillings required. The 2800 copies were subscribed
for by 1500 individuals. At Edinburgh Burns unfortu-
nately acquired those habits of intemperance and associa-
tion with the profligate which proved his bane. He returned
in 1788 to Ayrshire, appropriated £200 of his fortune to
the relief of his aged mother and his brother, and married
Jean Armour, (his "Bonny Jean,") an old acquaintance,
the daughter of a mason in Mauchlin. His first love,
"Highland Mary," (Mary Campbell,) fell a victim to a ma-
lignant fever when making preparations for her marriage
to our poet. He commemorated her in his touching elegy
"To Mary in Heaven," in language which will outlast the
sculptured marble and storied urn of the noble's tomb. By
means of the mistaken friendship of Dr. Wood, Burns was
appointed an exciseman or gauger, (worth £70 per annum,)
which threw into the way of temptation an appetite already
soliciting the excitement of the intoxicating bowl. A be-
nevolent gentleman, Mr. Peter Millar, leased him the farm
of Ellisland, on the banks of the Nith, in Dumfriesshire,
on very advantageous terms, and he had every encourage-
ment to lead a virtuous life, relieving agricultural toil by
converse with the muse; but intemperance had now become
a confirmed habit, and rendered him an easy prey to a fever
which carried him off at the early age of thirty-seven years
and six months. He had removed to the town of Dumfries
in 1791. In 1792 he contributed to A Select Collection of
original Scottish Airs for the Voice, all the songs which
form vol. 3d of the edit. of his works in 3 vols. 12mo. He pub.
a third edit. of his poems at Dumfries in 1793. He also
contributed to, we may almost say edited, Mr. James John-
son's Scots' Musical Museum, pub. in 6 vols., 1787-1803;
in 1839 a new edit., with Notes and Illustrations, was pub.
An ed. of Burns's works was pub. in 1798, 2 vols. 8vo. Works,
with Life and Criticisms, &c., by James Currie, Liverp.,
1800, 4 vols. 8vo; several edits. Reliques, Letters, &c., by
The melancholy story of Burns adds another to the dark
catalogue of the victims of the arch-demon INTEMPERANCE.
When will men learn to shun all companionship with that
fell enemy which "steals away the brains," destroys the
peace, and blasts the reputation, and effectually ruins the
bodies and souls of its votaries?
We conclude with some brief extracts from opinions on
this distinguished son of song:
"Burns is by far the greatest poet that ever sprung from the bo-
som of the people and lived and died in an humble condition.
Indeed, no country in the world but Scotland could have produced
such a man; and he will be forever regarded as the glorious repre-
sentative of the genius of his country. He was born a poet, if
ever man was, and to his native genius alone is owing the perpe
tuity of his fame. For he manifestly had never deeply studied
poetry as an art. nor reasoned much about its principles, nor looked
abroad into the wide ken of intellect for objects and subjects on
which to pour out his inspiration. . . . The strings of his lyre some-
times yield their finest music to the sighs of remorse or repentance.
Whatever, therefore, be the faults or defects of the poetry of Burns
and no doubt it has many-it has. beyond all that was ever writ-
ten. this greatest of all merits, intense, life-pervading, and life-
breathing truth."-Prof. Wilson's Essay on the Genius and Character
of Burns.
"All that remains of Burns, the writings he has left, seem to us
no more than a poor mutilated fraction of what was in him; brief,
broken glimpses of a genius that could never show itself com-
plete; that wanted all things for completeness: culture, leisure,
true effort. nay, even length of life. His poems are, with scarcely
any exception, mere occasional effusions, poured forth with little
premeditation, expressing, by such means as offered, the passion,
opinion, or humour of the hour. Never in one instance was it
permitted to grapple with any subject with the full collection of
his strength, to fuse and mould it in the concentrated fire of his
genius. To try by the strict rules of art such imperfect frag-
ments, would be at once unprofitable and unfair. Nevertheless,
there is something in these poems, marred and defective as they
are, which forbids the most fastidious student of poetry to pass
them by.... The excellence of Burns is, indeed, among the rarest,
whether in poetry or prose; but, at the same time, it is plain, and
easily recognised his indisputable air of truth."-THOMAS CARLYLE:
Edin. Review, xlviii. 273.
"The rank of Burns is the very first of his art."-LORD BYRON.
"The life of the poor peasant is very interesting. His letters
are very extraordinary. Some of the additional songs [pub. in
Currie's edit.] are much more perfect than his compositions pub-
numbering amongst the happiest productions of human genius."
lished during his life: and there are some which I cannot help
SIR JAMES MACKINTOSHI.
"He has in all his compositions great force of conception, and
302
BUR
BUR
groni spirit and animation m its expression. He has taken a large
ran through he region o Fancy, and naturalized himself in
almost all her climates. He has great humour,-great powers of
description,—great pathos, —and great discrimination of character.
Almost every thing that he say has spirit and originality; and
every thing that he says well is characterized by a charming fa-
cility, which gives a grace even to occasional rudeness, and com-
municates to the reader a delightful sympathy with the spontane
ous soaring and inspiration of the poet."-LORD JEFFREY.
"Burns was in truth the child of passion and feeling. His
character was not simply that of a peasant exalted into notice by
uncommon literary attainments, but bore a stamp which must
have distinguished him in the highest as in the lowest situation
of life. . . . When his soul was intent on suiting a favourite air
with words humorous or tender, as the subjec↓ demanded, no poet
of our tongue ever displayed higher skill in n.arrying melody to
immortal verse."-Lon. Quarterly Review, i. 32.
"The prose works of Burns consist almost entirely of his letters.
They bear, as well as his poetry, the seal and impress of bis ge-
nius; but they contain much more bad taste, and are written with
far more apparent labour. His Poetry was almost all written pri-
marily from feeling, and only secondarily from ambition. Ilis
letters seem to have been nearly all composed as exercises and for
display."
"We are yet living under the moral influence of Burns, and are
unaware of all the fruit it may ripen: we see his breathing &nd
vivifying spirit everywhere abroad. Not only is it manifest, in
the philosophy of Wordsworth, in the glorious lyrics of Campbell,
in the patriotic melodies of Moore; but wherever, in the vast and
crowded haunts of labour and trade, the humble artisan feels the
sense of his own dignity-burns with the desire of the beautiful-
is haunted with the dreams of knowledge,-gathers up the daisy
from the ploughshare, and estimates at their true distinctions of
value the guinea stamp.' and the 'gowd'-there, yet glows, ele
vates, and inspires the royal and gentle spirit, with its lion courage
*
and dove-like tenderness, of Robert Burns."-Edin. Review.
"As a poet Burns stands in the front rank. His conceptions
are all original; his thoughts are new and weighty; his style un-
borrowed and he owes no honour to the subjects which his muse
selected; for they are ordinary, and such as would have tempted
no poet, save himself, to sing about. All he has written is distin-
guished by a happy carelessness; a fine clasticity of spirit; and a
singular felicity of expression;-by the ardour of an impassioned
heart. and the vigour of a clear understanding. His language is
familiar, yet dignified; careless, yet concise: he sheds a redeeming
light on all he touches; whatever his eye glances on rises into life
and beauty. Of Beauty itself he has written with more fervour
and inspiration than all other modern poets put together: the
compliments he pays are destined to live while we have loveliness
in the land. He is the poet of freedom as well as of beauty: his
song of the Bruce, his Man's a man for a' that,' and others of the
same mark, will endure while the language lasts. ... He owes
nothing to the poetry of other lands-he is the offspring of the
soil: he is as natural to Scotland as the heath is to her hills: his
variety is equal to his originality: his humour, his gayety, his
tenderness. and his pathos, come all in a breath: they come freely,
for they come of their own accord: the contrast is never offensive;
the comic slides easily into the serious, the serious into the tender,
and the tender into the pathetic."-ALLAN CUNNINGHAM.
C
Burns, Robert, son of the preceding. The Cale-
donian Musical Museum, a Complete Vocal Library, 1809,
12mo.
Burns, Robert, one of the ministers of Paisley.
Letter to Rev. Dr. Chalmers on the Protestant and Roman
Catholic Religions, Paisley, 1818, Sro. Hist. Dissert. on
the Law and Practice of Great Britain, and particularly of
Scotland, with regard to the Poor, 2d edit., Edin., 1819, Svo.
"Hardly worth notice, the useful matter being of limited amount.
and buried under a load of irrelevant rubbish."-McCulloch's Lit.
of Pulit. Economy.
Burns, Thomas. Sermons on the Fast, 1803, Svo.
Burns, Wm. Tendency of Methodism, 2 pts., 1810–12.
Burnside, A. W. Catechism on the Common Prayer,
Lon., 1845, 12mo.
Burnside, R. The Fruits of the Spirit, 1805, Svo.
Burnside, Robert. Religion of Mankind, Lon.,
1819, 2 vols. Svo.
Burnyeat, John. Truth Exalted in the Writings of
that Eminent and Faithful servant, J. Burnyeat, 1691, 4to.
Burr, Aaron, 1714-1757, an eminent divine, and se-
cond President of the College of New Jersey, was a native
of Fairfield, Connecticut, a descendant of the Rev. Jona-
than Burr of Suffolk, England, for 18 years a minister at
Dorchester, Massachusetts. Aaron Burr married in 1752
a daughter of the celebrated Jonathan Edwards, (his suc-
cessor in the Presidency of the College.) by whom he had
two children, viz. Aaron, late Vice-President of the United
States, and a daughter, who was married to Judge Reeve.
Mr. Burr was one of the principal founders of the College
over which he was, in 1748, upon the death of Jonathan
Dickinson, called to preside. The charter, which had
never been carried into operation, was by Mr. Burr's in-
fluence enlarged by Governor Belcher, Oct. 22, 1746, and
Jonathan Dickinson was appointed President. The insti-
tution was first established at Elizabethtown, then removed
to Newark, and in 1757 to Princeton. The first commence-
ment was in 1748, when six young men graduated, five of
whom became ministers. See DICKINSON, JONATHAN.
Mr. Burr pub. 1. A Treatise entitled The Supreme Deity
of our Lord Jesus Christ maintained, in a Letter to the
dedication of Mr. Emlyn's Inquiry; this was reprinted in
1791. 2. A Fast Sermon on account of the encroachments
of the French, Jan. 1, 1755. 3. The Watchman's Answer
4. A Funeral Sermon on Governor Belcher, 1757.
to the Question, "What of the Night?" a sermon, 1756.
"This was preached but a few days before his own death; and
his exertions, in a very feeble state of health, to honour the me
mory of a highly respected friend, it is thought, accelerated that
event." See Livingston's Funeral Elog.; Smith's Serm.. and pref.
to Burr's Serm. on Belcher; Miller. ii. 345; Edwards's Life, app.;
Green's Disc., 300-313; Savage's Winthrop, xi. 22; Allen's Amer.
Biog. Dict.
Burr, Colonel Aaron, 1756-1836, Vice-President
of the U. States, 1801-05, was a son of the preceding.
The Private Journal of Aaron Burr during his residence
of four years in Europe, with Selections from his Corre-
spondence, by Matthew L. Davis, N. York, 1838, 2 vols.
8vo. Memoirs of Aaron Burr, with Selections from his
Correspondence, by Matthew L. Davis, 1837, '38, 2 vols. 8vo.
Life of Aaron Burr, by Saml. L. Knapp, 1835, 12mo. Life
and Times of Aaron Burr, by J. Parton, N.Y., 1858, 8vo.
Burr, G. D. Instructions in Practical Surveying,
Lon., 1846; 2d ed., p. 8vo: for the use of young officers,
ivil and military engineers, architects, &c. It is used at
the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.
Burr, Mrs. Higford. Sketches in Spain, The Holy
Land, Egypt, Turkey, and Greece, 14 fine plates, Lon.,
1841, imp. folio. These plates are beautifully coloured in
imitation of the original drawings: pub. at six guineas.
Burr, Thomas Benge. History of Tunbridge Wells,
Lon., 1776, Svo.
"A book of considerable merit, though written by a Journey-
man Bookseller.”—WATT.
"A well-written and entertaining work."-LOWNDES.
Burrel, Alexander. Assize Sermon, 1725, 8vo.
Burrel, Andrew. Proposals for a Critical Analysis
of all the Hebrew and Chaldaic Words in the Old Testa-
ment, Lon., 1738, Svo.
Burrel, J. Letter, 1810. Sermon, 1812.
Burrel, George. Charities, &c. of Hartford, 1809,Svo.
Burrel, John. Divine Right of Kings, Serm., 1683,4to.
Burrell, Percival. Sermon, Lon., 1629, 4to.
Burrell, Lady Sophia, d. 1802, a daughter of Sir
Charles Raymond, married in 1773, with a fortune of
£100,000," Sir William Burrell, who died 1796. In 1797
she married the Rev. William Clay of Nottinghamshire.
Poems, Lon., 1793, 2 vols. 8vo. The Thymbriad, from
Xenophon's Cyropædia, 1794, 8vo. Telemachus, 1794, Svo.
Maximian; a Tragedy from Corneille, 1800, Svo. The
Theodora, or the Spanish Daughter; a Tragedy, 1800, Svo.
Test of Virtue, and other Poems, 1811, Svo.
"Lady Burrell's poetical talents do honour to her pen. . . . She
has attempted the ludicrous and the satirical, not without success;
and. in several sketches from nature, she has shown herself a po-
etical Teniers."-Lon. Monthly Review, 1793.
Burrell, William. Assize Sermons, 1712, Svo.
Burrhus. See BURROUGHS, SIR JOHN, Knt.
Burridge, Ezekiel. Historia Nuperæ Rerum Mu-
tationis in Anglia, Londini, 1697, 8vo.
Burridge, Richard. The Faith of a Converted
Atheist, Lon., 1712, 8vo.
Burrill, Alexander M., born in the city of New York.
Graduated at Columbia College, 1824. Studied law under
Chancellor Kent. Admitted to the Bar in the State of
New York, 1828. 1. A Treatise on the Practice of the
Supreme Court of the State of New York, 2 vols. 8vo,
1840; a second edition, much enlarged, 3 vols. Svo. 1846,
This work is favourably reviewed in the U. S. Law Maga
zine for July, 1850. 2. A Law Dictionary and Glossary
2 vols. r. Svo, 1850.
It is the most complete and perfect work of the kind that has
fallen under my observation, and cannot fail to be highly useful,
not only to the student, but also to the experienced practitioner
No law library should be without it. It is a work that need only
be known to be appreciated."-S. NELSON, Justice of the Supreme
Court of the United States.
Very favourable reviews of this Law Dictionary will be
found in the Penn. Law Journal, Nov., 1850; U. S. Law
Mag., July, 1850-April, 1851; Boston Law Reporter,
March, 1851; New York Code Reporter, May, 1851; Lon.
Legal Examiner, Dec., 1853; Kent's Commentaries, 7th
edit., vol. i. p. 559: &c. 3. A Treatise on the Law and
Practice of Voluntary Assignments for the benefit of Cre-
ditors, Svo, 1853. 4. A Treatise on Circumstantial Evi-
dence, Svo, 1856.
Burrington, George, Governor of South Carolina.
Answer to Dr. Wm. Brackenridge's Letter concerning the
303
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number of inhabitants within the London Bills of Mor-
tality, 1757, Svo.
Burrington, Gilbert, Prebendary of Exeter, Rector
of Woodleigh, and Vicar of Chudleigh. An Arrangement
of the Genealogies in the Old Testament and Apocrypha,
&c., Lon., 1836, 2 vols. 4to.
"A very elaborate work, illustrated by copious notes, critical,
philological, and explanatory, which are the result of long and la-
borious study, and which materially elucidate many verbal and
chronological difficulties." See T. H. Horne's Introduction, and
Lowndes's Brit. Librarian's Guide, 340.
Burrish, Onslow. Batavia Illustrata, Lon., 1729,
Svo: Policy and Commerce of the United Provinces.
Burritt, Elihu, b. 1811, New Britain, Conn., known
as the Learned Blacksmith. He acquired a knowledge
of the Hebrew, Greek, Syriac, Spanish, Danish, Bohemian,
and Polish languages. In 1842 be translated some of
the Icelandic sagas. Contrib. to the Amer. Eclec. Rev.
a series of trauslations from the Samaritan, Arabic, and
Hebrew. In 1843 he began the study of the Ethiopic,
Persian, and Turkish languages: the Latin and French
he studied while an apprentice to his trade. His works
are: Sparks from the Anvil; A Voice from the Forge;
Thoughts and Things at Home and Abroad, 1854; Peace-
Papers for the People; and Miscellaneous Works, Lon.,
12mo. He has been the editor of many journals, and has
travelled and lectured throughout Europe and America.
Burritt, Elijah H., brother of the preceding. Log.
Arithmetic. Geography of the Heavens: many edits.
Burrough, Edward, 1634-1668, a native of West-
moreland, embraced Quakerism, and laboured for its ex-
tension with great zeal. He was imprisoned in Newgate
He was imprisoned in Newgate
for preaching, and died there. Visitation of Ireland, by
E. B. and Francis Howgill, Lon., 1656, 4to. Message to
the Present Rulers of England, 1659, 4to. Wholesome
Information to the King of England, 1660, fol. He did
not shrink from bearing his testimony both to Cromwell
and Charles II., and obtained from the latter an order to
stop the persecutions which his sect were suffering from
in New England. He pub. several other treatises. His
works were collected in 1 vol. fol.: The Memorable Works
of a Son of Thunder and Consolation, 1672. This is now
very rare, and held at a high price.
Burrough, G. F. Narrative of the Retreat of the
British Army from Burgos; in a series of Letters, 1814, 8vo.
Burrough, Henry, Prebendary of Peterborough.
Lectures on the Catechism, Confirmation, and Religious
Vows, 1773, 8vo.
Burrough, James, M.D. A Case of Bulinca, Phil.
Trans., 1700.
Burrough, John. Visitation Sermon, 1718, Svo.
Burroughes, Edward. Essays on Practical Hus-
bandry and Rural Economy, 1820, 8vo.
"His attention was much turned upon green crops, which he
raised and used very systematically and successfully. The author
was not carried away by any reverie, or visionary schemes; sub-
stantial utility was close behind every practice, and sanctioned
every operation.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Burroughes, Jeremiah, 1599–1646, a Puritan di-
vine, educated at Cambridge, was ejected for Nonconform-
ity. Rector of Titshall, 1631; Minister at Rotterdam;
preached at Stepney and Cripplegate, 1642. Excellency
of a Generous Spirit, Lon., 1639, 8vo. Moses, 1641, 4to.
Exposition of the Three First Chapters of Hosea; new ed.,
with Notice of the Author, by James Sherman, 1843, 8vo.
"A very practical and doctrinal work: does not include the last
chapter; but Bishop Reynolds and Dr. Sibbs have expositions on
that chapter."-BICKERSTETII.
The Rare Jewel of Christian Contentment, 1649, 4to;
new edit., 1845.
"This Rare Jewel is truly a jewel, which still shines as bright
as ever."
It is highly commended by Goodwin, Simpson, Green-
hill, Bridge, and many of the principal writers of his time.
He pub. some other theological treatises.
..
>>
Burroughs, Borough, or Burrhus, Sir John,
d. 1643; was knighted 1624; made Garter King-at-Arms,
1633. Impetus Juveniles et quædam Selectiores aliquan-
tulum Animi Epistolæ, 1643, Svo. Among the principal
names are those of Philip Bacon, Sir Francis Bacon,
Thomas Farnabic, Thomas Coppin, and Sir Henry Spel-
man. The Sovereignty of the British Seas, proved by
Records, History, and the municipall Lawes of the King-
dom written in the year 1633, Lon., 1651, 12mo. Wood
informs us that Sir John made A Collection of Records in
the Tower of London.
As a preacher, also, he was greatly admired:
|
"Baxter used to say that, if all Presbyterians had been like Mr.
Marshall, and all Independents like Mr. Burroughes, their differ-
ences might easily have been compromised."
Burroughs, E. H. and H. B. Gresson. The Irish
Equity Pleader, Dubl., 1842, 8vo.
Burroughs, Francis. Epistle to James Barry,
1805, 8vo.
Burroughs, James. Occasional Serms., 1733, 8vo.
"Serious, elaborate, and useful discourses."-DR. DODDRIdge.
Burroughs, Jeremiah. View of Popery, 1716, 8vo.
Burroughs, John. Devout Psalmodist: 2 Serms.,
1813, 8vo.
Burroughs, Joseph, 1684-85-1761, a native of Lon.
don, educated at the University of Leyden, pastor of a
Baptist congregation, Barbican, London, 1717, was a man
of considerable learning. Two Discourses on Private In-
stitutions; concerning Baptism, Lon., 1742, Svo. Ser-
mons, pub. separately, 1713-55.
Burroughs, Samuel. History of the Chancery;
relating to the Judicial Power of that Court, and Rights
of the Master, Lon., 1726, 12mo.
"Lord King was so much pleased with the work that he re-
warded the author with a mastership in Chancery.”—Cooper's De-
ficts of Chancery.
Legal Judicature in Chancery stated, &c., Lon., 1727,
Svo. In this work the author is said to have had the as-
sistance of Mr. (afterwards Bishop) Warburton.—Hurd's
Life of Warburton.
Burroughs, Stephen. Life of, by himself. A book
once very popular in New England; repub. in Phila.,
1848.
Burroughs, or Burroughes, Thomas. A Sove-
rain Remedy for all kinds of Grief, Ps. xxxix. 9, 1662, 4to.
Burroughs, W. K. Lectures on Genesis, 1848.
Burrow, Edward J., D.D. Elements of Conchology,
Lon., 1815. '18, Svo. Hours of Devotion; trans. from the
German, 1830, 8vo. Remarks on the Elgin Marbles, Svo.
Scholar's Companion to the Bible, 12mo. A Summary of
Christian Faith and Practice, 1822, 3 vols. 12mo.
"Confirmed by references to the text of Holy Scripture; com-
pared with the liturgy, articles, and homilies of the Church of
England; and illustrated by extracts from the chief of those works
which received the sanction of public authority, from the time of
the Reformation, to the final revision of the established formula-
ries."
tions.
Jeremiah Burroughes was a writer of much piety, good sense,
and evangelical matter."-BICKERSTETH.
Burrow, Edward J. Book of Rates on Merchan-
dise, Glasg., 1774, fol.
of the Crown Office in 1724, held this office until his death,
Burrow, Sir James, 1701-1782, appointed Master
making the long term of 58 years. During the
"Memorable presidency of the great Earl of Mansfield, Sir
James seems to have been the first reporter of law cases."
ܕ
Reports in K. B. in the time of Lord Mansfield, 1756-
72, Lon., 1766, 5 vols. fol.; 5th edit., with notes and refer-
ences, by Serjeant Hill, Lon., 1812, 5 vols. 8vo. American
edits., Phila., 180S, 5 vols. 8vo; condensed in 2 vols. 8vo,
New York, 1833. These reports are highly valued as the
faithful repositories of Lord Mansfield's decisions. Bur-
row was a constant attendant at the King's Bench.
"The material facts of the cases are luminously detailed."
"The great reputation of the judge whose decisions Burrow re-
cords will preserve the reporter's name, like the column designed
to perpetuate the fame of some illustrious action, or the memory
of a great name." See Marvin's Legal Bibl.: Bridgman's Legal
Bibl.; Brooke's Bibl. Leg.; Hoffman's Legal Study.
Sir James pub. Anecdotes and Observations relating to
Cromwell and his Family, 1763, 4to, and some other
works. Questions concerning Literary Property in the
case Miller v. Taylor, 1773, 4to, will be found at greater
length in the Reports, vol. iv.
Burrow, Reuben, d. 1791, a mathematician, was a
nius on Inclinations; Doctrine of Projectiles, &c., Lon.,
native of Hoberley, Yorkshire. Restitution of Apollo-
1773, 4to. Short Account of Mr. Burrow's Measurement
of a Degree of Longitude and one of Latitude, 1796.
Some of his papers will be found in the Asiatic Transac-
He was engaged in making a trigonometrical sur-
vey of Bengal at the time of his death.
Burrow, Robert. Happy Influences of Society,
merely Civil; a serm., 1723, Svo. Serm., 1729, 8vo.
Burrowes, Amyas. Modern Encyclopædia, 1816.
Burrowes, George, born. at Trenton, N. J., 1811.
Commentary on the Song of Solomon. Contributor to
the Princeton Review, &c.
Burrowes, J. F. Piano-Forte Primer, Lon., 12mo.
Thorough-Bass Primer, 12mo.
Burrowes, Robert, D.D., Dean of Cork. A Serm.,
1795, 8vo. Sermons on the First Lessons of the Sunday
Morning Service; with 4 Serms. on other subjects, 1817, 8vo.
"In which sound doctrine, earnest exhortation. close reasoning,
depth of pathos, and forcible application, are severally exhibited.
301
BUR
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The language throughout is simple, yet eloquent, and the style,
nervous, chaste, and dignified."-Christian Remembrancer.
Twelve Discourses on the Liturgy of the Church of Eng-
land, delivered in the Cathedral of St. Fin-Barr, Cork,
i834, 8vo.
CC
Burrows, G. Mann, M.D., member of the Royal Coll.
of Physicians of Lon., &c. Commentaries on the Causes,
Forms, Symptoms, and Treatment of Insanity, Lon., 8vo.
Many persons, professional, as well as extra-professional, have
naturally been desirous to learn from him to what method he has
been indebted for such eminent success. We have no doubt that
they will find their wishes most fully gratified by a perusal of this
division of his Treatise, in which the plan of treatment has been
unfolded with great simplicity, perspicuity, and judgment.".
Edin. Med. and Surg. Jour., Jan. and April, 1829.
"It is a work containing an immense collection of important
practical information from various sources, digested and commented
on by a man of sound judgment, accurate observation, and exten-
sive experience."-Medico-Chirurgical Review, Nov. 1828.
"A faithful guide to the younger practitioner, and a useful com-
panion to those of maturer years."-DR. CAMPBELL, Physician to
the L. C. Lunatic Asylum.
"Your invaluable work on Insanity more minutely and intelli-
gibly details the causes and treatment of that important malady,
in all its modifications and forms, than any I have heretofore read.
It will in future be my text-book, and I am sure my best guide.".
Letter from Dr. Pennington, Phy. to the Nottingham Lunatic Asylum.
Dr. Burrows has also pub. a treatise On Disorders of the
Cerebral Circulation, Lon., 1848, 8vo, pp. 236.
"We have derived much gratification from the perusal of Dr.
Burrows's very able work, and strongly recommend its perusal to
our readers. It is replete with interesting and practically useful
facts, and well supports the author's reputation as a careful and
judicious observer."-Melical Gazelle.
Burrows, J., M.D. Essay on Cancers, 1767, 8vo.
Trans. of a medical treatise by M. De Velnos, 1770, 8vo.
Burscough, Robert. Treatise of Church Govern-
ment, Lon., 1692, 8vo. A Discourse of Schism, 1699, Svo.
Other treatises.
Burt, John T. Results of the syzlem of Separate
Confinement, as administered at the Pentonville Prison,
by J. T. B., Assistant Chaplain, Lon., 1852, 8vo.
Burt, Capt. Richard, R.N. Proc. on Thesus, 1809.
Burt, William. Obs. on Banks, 1810, Svo. Rambles
in London, 1811, Svo. Conseq. of the French Revolution
to England Considered, 1811, 12mo.
Burt, William. Christianity; a Poem, Lon., Svo.
Miscellaneous Papers on Scientific Subjects, p. Svo. Ob-
servations on the Curiosities of Nature, p. 8vo.
Burtenshaw. Letters to Lord Mansfield, 1781, 4to.
Burthogge, Richard, M.D. Of infernal Torments,
Lon., 1675, Svo. On Divine Goodness, 1670, Svo. Of
Reason and Truth, 1678, 8vo. Of the Soul of the World;
in a Letter to John Locke, 1699, Svo. Essay upon Hu-
man Reason, and the Nature of Spirits, 1694, Svo.
"In this essay the author has advanced many things wholly
new, (more especially where he treats of the way and manner how
spirits do appear.) and concludes with reflections on Dr. Sherlock's
notion about individuation."
"This person, who always kept pace with the fanatics, tempo-
rized with the papists in the reign of King James II.. and there
fore was made a justice of peace for Devonshire, which office he
kept under King Will. III., as being a favourer of fanatics. He is
looked upon as a person of considerable learning, and of no less
pride and ambition." See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.
Burton, Charles. Journal of a Voyage from Lon-
don to Madeira, New Providence, and back to London,
Lon., 1805, 8vo.
Burscough, Wm., D.D., d. 1755, consecrated Bishop
of Limerick, 1725. Sermons pub. separately, 1715, '16, '22.
Burslem, Captain Rollo, R.A. A Peep into Toork-
isthan, Lon., Svo, 1846.
"It is to our minds one of the most sterling books we have had
since Eothen."-Cambridge and Oxford Review.
|
Burslem, Willoughby M., M.D., senior physician
to the Blenheim street Dispensary. Pulmonary Consump-
tion and its Treatment, p. 8vo.
"We find a series of original and important observations on the
state of the periodical functions of the female in relation to the
development and treatment of phthisis, and a commentary on the
various phenomena of the disease, which impress us with the con-
viction that the author is as painstaking in his literary pursuit of
knowledge as he is evidently a practical physician."-Lon. Lancet
Burt, Adam, Surgeon. Med. treatises, 1735, '98.
Burt, Captain Edward. Letters from a Gentleman
in the North of Scotland to his Friend in London, Lon.,
1754, 2 vols. 8vo; 1757, 2 vols. 8vo; 1759, 2 vols. Svo;
1815, 2 vols. 8vo; with large Appendix, Introduction, and
Notes, by R. Jamieson, Edin. and Lon., 1818, 2 vols. 8vo.
Sir Walter Scott contributed some "curious materials" to
this edition of this valuable work. See Lockhart's Life of
Scott, Index; Scott's Poetical Works, vol. viii., passim;
Scott's Prose Works, vol. xx. 21, n., &c.
Burton, Mrs. Laura, or the Orphan; a Novel, 1797,
2 vols. 12mo. The Fugitive; a Novel, 2 vols. 12mo.
Burton, B. Jesus Christ God and Man; a serm. on
Phil. ii. 6, 7, 1756, 8vo. Active and Passive Righteous-
ness of Christ; three sermons on Jerem. xxiii. 6, 1763, 12mo.
Burton, Charles. Lectures on the World before the
Flood, 8vo; On the Deluge and World after the Flood,
8vo; On the Millennium, 12mo, 1841, '44, '45.
"We have perused these lectures with considerable satisfaction,
as furnishing a practical illustration of the infinite wisdom, power,
and goodness of the Creator, and of the agreement of science with
the imperishable record of revelation.”— Wesleyan Methodist Mog.
Burton, Charles James. Sermon, Lon., 1819, 8vo.
A View of the Creation of the World, in illustration of the
Mosaic Record. See DR. WILLIAM BUCKLAND, GEORGE
George
FAIRHOLME, and GEORGE BUGG.
Burton, Edmund, a Fellow of Trinity College, Cam-
bridge, adopted the Law as a profession, and classical re-
searches as a recreation. The Satires of Perseus trans.
Charac-
into English Prose, with Notes, Lon., 1752, 4to.
ters deduced from Classical Remains, 1763, 8vo. M. Ma-
nilii Astronomicon, libri quinque, &c., 1783, 8vo. In this
work Mr. B. takes Dr. Bentley to task.
"When Mr. Burton avowed his intention of introducing Bent-
ley for the purpose of laying him prostrate. we conceived that this
new Aristarchus possessed the wit of Boyle, the acuteness of Hare,
learning of Richard Johnson.... But when we had taken the
the keen penetration of Alexander Cunningham, and the solid
book into our hands, ibi omnis effusus labor.”—Lon. Monthly Re-
view, lxxi. 457: read this elaborate criticism.
Suicide; a Dissertation, 1790, 4to.
"For some years Mr. Burton was also a valuable correspondent
to the Gentleman's Magazine, under the anagrammatic signature
of Ruben du Mont. He had evidently a cultivated taste, but was
somewhat too fond of singularity. His imagination was lively,
but incorrect; and his style animated, but fantastic."-Nichols's
Literary Anecdotes, viii. 132,
Burton, Edward, D.D., 1794-1836, a native of
Shrewsbury, was educated at Westminster School, whence
he was removed in 1812 to Christ Church, Oxford; took
his degree of M.A., 1818; after which he visited the Con-
tinent, and recorded his observations in his Antiquities
and other curiosities of Rome, 2d edit., Lon., 1828, 2 vols.
Svo. This work has been commended for accuracy and
hall, Staffordshire; select preacher in the University of
proofs of research. He was appointed Curate of Tetten-
Oxford, 1824; Public Examiner, 1826; Regius Professor
of Divinity, 1829. He was Bampton Lecturer in 1829.
Considerations on the Absolving Power of the Romish
Church. Testimonies of the Ante-Nicene Fathers to the
Divinity of Christ, Oxf., 1826, Svo; 2d edit., with addi-
tions, Oxf., 1829, Svo; ditto to the Doctrine of the Trinity,
and to the Divinity of the Holy Ghost, Oxf., 1831, Svo.
His Testimonies are decisive on the momentous subjects to
which they refer."-DR. E. WILLIAMS.
An Inquiry into the Heresies of the Apostolic Age,
Oxf., 1829, Svo: 8 sermons preached at the Bampton Lec-
ture, 1829. The reader will notice the valuable introduc-
tion in which Dr. Burton refers to
A
The authors whose works I have either myself consulted, or a
perusal of which is recommended as useful for making us ac
quainted with the beresies of the Apostolic age.”
An appendix of learned notes adds to the value of this
work.
Attempt to ascertain the Chronology of the Apostles
and of St. Paul's Epistles, Oxf., 1830, Sro. The author
remarks that his Lectures upon the Ecclesiastical History
of the First Century might have been entitled with equal
propriety, Lectures upon the Acts of the Apostles. Lec-
tures upon the Ecclesiastical History of the First Three
Centuries; from the Crucifixion to A. D. 313, Oxf., 1831–
33, 2 vols. Svo; 3d edit., Oxf., 1845, Svo.
"A truly valuable work. The author is one of the most pro-
found patristic scholars in Europe."-LOWNDES.
See a Review in the British Critic, xvii. 115. Greek
Testament; with English Notes, Oxf., 1831, 2 vols. 8vo;
new ed., 1852. The text is that of Bishop Lloyd's editions
printed at Oxf., 1828, '30. The Notes are explanatory,
philological, and critical.
-
"In preparing these critical notes. Dr. Burton examined for
himself, with no small labour and attention, the copious materials
which had been collected by Griesbach; and, after weighing the
evidence adduced by him in favour of any particular reading. Dr.
B. noted down all the variations from the received text, which
seem to have a majority of documents in their favour."-Horne's
Introduction.
Sermons preached before the University of Oxford, Lor.,
1832, 8vo. History of the Christian Church from the As-
cension of Jesus Christ to the Conversion of Constantine,
Lon., 1836, sm. Svo; Sth ed., 1850. See a Review in British
Critic, xx. 209. An edit. of his Works, with a Memoir, has
been pub. in 5 vols. 8vo, by Mr. J. H. Parker, Oxford. Dr
Burton was noted for his persevering industry. In addi.
20
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BUR
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tion to his own writings, he edited and superintended the
publication of a number of works.
He was an able man, well read in Christian Antiquity; mild
and candid in his temper.”—DR. E. WILLIAMS.
Burton, Francis. On Benevolence and Philan-
thropy; an occasional sermon, 1797, Svo.
Burton, George. Essay towards reconciling the
Numbers of Daniel and St. John; with a supplement,
Norwich, 1766–68, Svo.
"According to Mr. Burton's calculations, the conversion of the
Gentiles. and the Millennium, will commence in the year 2436; the
battle of Gog and Magog will begin in 3430, and the Millennium
terminate in 3436.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Dr. Burton has been justly styled one of our first men in mo-
nastic antiquities,-his work infinitely surpassing Sir William
Dugdale's."-Halsted's Letter to Ducarel.
Dr. Burton is supposed to have been the original of Dr.
Slop in Sterne's Tristram Shandy.
"So dull his thoughts, yet pliant in their growth,
They're verse, or prose, are neither, or are both."
But the poet disliked our author's opposition to Wilkes.
He pub. in 1744 a vindication of Clarendon's Hist. of the
Rebellion, and in 1760 his three sermons on University
politics. His Opuscula Miscellanea Theologica, from which
The Parish Priest was trans. by the Rev. Davis Warren
in 1800, appeared in 1771, Oxon., 2 vols. 8vo. Mr. Burton
pub. some other works. It was at his expense that in
1758 Joseph Bingham's unfinished edit. of the Pentalogia
was pub. It was reprinted by Thomas Burgess, Oxon.,
1779, 2 vols. 8vo. His Life was written in Latin-De vita
et moribus Johannis Burtoni, 1771-by Dr. Edw. Bentham,
his relation, and canon of Christ Church. A trans. of it
will be found in the Gent. Mag. for 1771. See Biog. Brit.
Burton, John, M.D., 1697-1771, an eminent anti-
quary, was a native of Rippon, Yorkshire. He studied
for some time at Leyden, and appears to have graduated
as doctor at Rheims. He settled at York, where he prae-
tised with great reputation. A Treatise on the Non-natu-
rals, York, 1738, Svo. Account of the life and writings of
Boerhaave, Lon., 1743, 8vo. With this eminent man Bur-
ton had become acquainted whilst residing abroad. Essay
towards the Complete System of Midwifery, Theoretical as
well as Practical, Lon., 1751, 8vo. Iter Surriense et Sus-
sexiense, Lon., 1752, 8vo. Letter to William Smellic, Lon.,
1753, 8vo. Monasticon Eboracensi, and the Ecclesiastical
History of Yorkshire, vol. i. York, 1758, fol.; all pub.
""
Burton, John Hill, "son of Lieut. Burton, of the
94th Regiment of Foot, was educated for the Scottish Law,
and passed advocate, 1831. He was a contributor to the
later volumes and to the Supplement of the Penny Cyclo-
pedia, chiefly on subjects connected with Scottish Law.
In 1842 he assisted Sir John Bowring in preparing the
collected works of Jeremy Bentham, 11 vols. r. Svo.
Introduc. to the Study of Bentham's Works, Lon., r. Svo.
Manual of the Law of Scotland, 1844-47, 3 vols. p. 8vo,
&c. Political and Social Economy, 1849, 12mo. Lives
of Simon, Lord Lovat, and Duncan Forbes: from Original
Sources, Lon., 1847, p. 8vo. Life and Correspondence of
David Hume, 2 vols. 8vo; last ed.,
David Hume, 2 vols. 8vo; last ed., 1850.
"We rejoice to see the entire treasure [Hume's Letters] produced
in a manner so highly creditable to all concerned."-Lm. Lit. Guz.
“These volumes must ever hold a high rank in the history of
English philosophy."-Lom. Athen.
The Law of Bankruptcy, Insolvency, and Mercantile
Sequestration in Scotland, 1845, 2 vols. r. Svo.
Analysis of two Chronological Tables, 1787, 4to.
Burton, Henry, b. about 1579, d. 1648, a Puritan
divine, was a native of Birstall, Yorkshire, and educated
at St. John's College, Cambridge. He became Rector of
St. Matthew's, Friday Street, London, about 1626. In
1626 he preached and published two sermons, entitled,
For God and the King, for which he was sentenced to the
pillory, to lose his ears, to a fine of £5000, and to per-
petual imprisonment. See BASTWICK, JOHN; PRYNNE,
WILLIAM. The fine and the imprisonment were remitted
by the House of Commons. He recovered his liberty in
1640, and was restored to his living. We notice a few of
Burton's publications: Censure of Simony, Lon., 1624,
4to. The Baiting of the Pope's Bull, 1627, 4to. The
Seven Vials, 1627, '28, 4to. Babel no Bethel. Truth's
Triumph over Trent, 1629, fol. The Law and the Gospel,
&c., 1631, 4to. England's Bondage and Hope of De-
liverance, 1641, 4to. Narration of his Life, 1643, 4to.
Conformity's Deformity, 1616, 4to.
Anthony Wood, who seems to have considered Low
Churchmen and Dissenters as feræ naturæ, and hardly
worth the trouble of conversion into Mansueta, rebukes
Burton for his "pragmaticalness and impudence in de-
monstrating by a letter which he presented to the King,
23d Apr., 1625, how popishly affected were Dr. Neile and
Dr. Laud, his continual attendants."-Athen. Oxon.
Burton, Henry. Fast Sermon, 1665, 4to.
Burton, Hezekiah, d. 1681, educated at, and Fel-
low and Tutor of, Magdalen College, Oxford, became Rector
of St. George's, Southwark, 1667; Rector of Barnes, Sur-
rey, 1680. He wrote the Alloquium ad Lectorem prefixed
to Cumberland's treatise, De Legibus Naturæ. Sermons, Burton, Philippiana. A Rhapsody, 1769, 4to.
Lon., 1684, '85, 2 vols. 8vo, posth.; pub. by Dr. Tillotson. "Love and all its raptures is the subject of this lady's incoherent
Burton, J. Lectures on Female Education and Man-rant, which she calls a Rhapsody. Her performance undoubtedly
calls for censure; but her motives to printing may possibly entitle
ners, Lon., 1793, 2 vols. 12mo. Guide for Youth, 1814, 12mo. her to compassion. We shall, therefore, at present take no further
Burton, John. History of Eriander, Lon., 1661, Svo. notice of this Nat. Lee in petticoats."-Lon. Month. Rev., 1769, 156.
Antiquitates Capella D. Joannis Evangelista hodia scholæ Burton, Richard Francis, b. 1823, son of Col.
Regia Norwicensis, 1712, 8vo.
Joseph N. Burton, of Tuam, Galway, Ireland; left Ox-
ford in 1842, and proceeded to Bombay, thence to Sindh
under Sir Charles Napier in 1843. and served for some
years in the survey conducted by Col. Walter Scott, Bom-
bay Engineers. 1. Transactions of the Bombay Asiatic
Society; two papers, 1849. 2. Goa and the Blue Moun
tains, Lon., 1850, p. 8vo. 3. Sindh; or, The Unhappy
Valley, 1852, 2 vols. p. Svo. 4. History of Sindh, 8vo.
5. Falconry in the Valley of the Indus, p. Svo. 6. Com-
plete System of Bayonet-Exercise. In 1853, sent by
the Royal Geographical Soc. of Great Britain to explore
Arabia. 7. Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El-
Medina and Meccah, Lon., 3 vols. Svo: i., ii., 1856; iii.,
1857; Amer. ed., "abridged and condensed," with Intro-
duction by Bayard Taylor, 1856, 12mo, pp. 492. Com-
mended by the Lon. Athenæum, 1855, S65, (vols. i. and
ii.,) and 1856, 135, (vol. ii.) See also 394, 428.
"We gave our general opinion of Mr. Burton's enterprise, saga-
city, and information when the larger part of his work was before
less curious or less valuable."-Ubi supra, 1856, 136.
We have now said enough to show that its completion is not
Burton, John, D.D., 1696-1771, a native of Wemb-
worthy, Devonshire, was educated and appointed tutor at
Corpus Christi College, Oxford; Fellow of Eton, and Vicar
of Mapledurham, Oxfordshire, 1733; Rector of Worples-
don, Surrey, 1766. Two volumes of his Occasional Ser-
mons, preached before the University of Oxford, were pub.
in 1764. His style is considered pedantic, yet not without
elegance, and has been distinguished as the "Burtonian |
style." Churchill ridicules its peculiarities:
us.
8. First Footsteps in East Africa; or, An Exploration
of Harar, Lon., 1856, Svo.
•
"A curious record of a curious enterprise. . .. The public will
find First Footsteps in East Africa' very agreeable reading.".
Lon. Athen., 1856, 895, q.v.
6
Burton, Robert, 1576-1639-40, a native of Lindley,
Leicestershire, received the first rudiments of learning at
the free school of Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire, and at
the grammar-school of Nuncaton. See Anat. of Melan-
choly; his will; and Athen. Oxon. He was admitted of
Brazennose College, Oxford, 1593; elected a student of
Christ Church, 1599; Reader of Sentences, 1614; Vicar
of St. Thomas, Oxford, 1616; presented by George, Lord
Berkeley, to the rectory of Seagrave, Leicestershire, 1636.
He retained this post and his vicarage until his death,
January 25, 1639-40. It is said that from his calculation
of his nativity he predicted that he would die on or about
the above dato:
"This work reflects credit on the Scottish bar. In fulness and
lucidity of general proposition, in vigour and accuracy of critical
inquiry, in scope of research and terse power of thought and ex-
pression, it stands in honourable contrast with the great herd of
text-books.”—Law Magazine.
Ed. Letters of Eminent Persons addressed to David
Hume: from the Papers bequeathed by his Nephew to the
Roy. Soc. of Edinburgh, 1849, Svo. Narratives from
Criminal Trials in Scotland, 1852, 2 vols. 8vo. The His-
tory of Scotland from the Revolution to the Extinction of
the Last Jacobite Insurrection, 1689-1748, 1853, 2 vols.
8vo. To Mr. Burton we are also indebted for some other
works, and for the Law articles in Waterston's Cyclopædia
of Commerce.
Burton, Nic. Figuræ Grammaticæ et Rhetoricæ,
Lon., 1702, 12mo.
Burton, Philip, d. 1792. The Practice of the Office
of Pleas in the Court of Exchequer Epitomized, Lon.,
1770, Svo. The same subject, with Additions, &c., 1791,
2 vols. 8vo. Other legal compilations, 1770, '91, and a
treatise on Annihilation, 1792, 8vo.
aud
BUR
BUR
"Which being exact, several of the students did not forbear to
whisper among themselves that, rather than there should be a
mistake in the calculation, he sent up his soul to heaven thro' a
slip about his neck."-Athen. Ozon.
were not a little beholden to him."-Archbishop Herring's Letters,
12mo, 1777, p. 149.
6
Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy is a valuable book,' said Dr
Johnson. It is perhaps overloaded with quotation. But there
is great spirit and great power in what Burton says when he writes
from bis own mind.”—Boswell's Life of Johnson, vol. ii. p. 325.
We should mention that on the left side of Burton's
monument the curious reader may see the calculation "It will be no detraction from the power of Milton's original
of his nativity; and bis bust, painted to the life, adds genius and invention. to remark, that he seems to have borrowed
to the interest of this memento of a most remarkable the subject of L'Allegro and Il Penseroso, together with some par
ticular thoughts, expressions, aud rhymes, more especially the
character. He bequeathed many of his books to the idea of a contrast between these two dispositions, from a forgotten
Bodleian Library; and they form one of its most curious poem prefixed to the first edition of Burton's Anatomy of Melan-
collections. As the author of The Anatomy of Melancholy, entitled, "The Author's Abstract of Melancholy; or, A Dia-
choly-what it is, with all the kinds, causes, symptoms, logue between Pleasure and Pain. Here pain is melancholy. It
prognostics, and several cures of it--Burton's name will apology for abstracting and citing as much of this poem as will be
was written, as I conjecture, about the year 1600. I will make no
descend to remotest generations. It is next to impos- sufficient to prove, to a discerning reader, how far it had taken
sible that so profound a treatise on a mental disorder possession of Milton's mind. The measure will appear to be the
to which a state of high intellectual cultivation is perhaps same; and that our author was at least an attentive reader of
peculiarly liable can ever be permanently buried in the Burton's book may be already concluded from the traces of re
libraries of the learned. The 1st edit. was pub. in 1621, semblance which I have incidentally noticed in passing through
the L'Allegro and Il Penseroso, As to the very elaborate work
4to, (Ferriar gives 1617, but he errs;) and its popularity to which these visionary verses are no unsuitable introduction,
is evinced by the rapidity with which editions followed the writer's variety of learning, his quotations from scarce and
each other: 1624, '28, '32, '38, '51, '52, '60, '76, 1728, 38, curious books. his pedantry sparkling with rude wit and shapeless
fol. The eulogy of Dr. Johnson-" Burton's Anatomy of elegance, miscellaneous matter. intermixture of agreeable tales
and illustrations. and. perhaps, above all. the singularities of his
Melancholy," he said, "was the only book that ever took feelings, clothed in an uncommon quaintness of style, have con
him out of bed two hours sooner than he wished to rise"-tributed to render it. even to modern readers, a valuable repository
excited some curiosity to see so attractive a work, and an of amusement and information."- Warlin's Milton, 2d edit., p. 94.
edit. was pub. in 1800, fol., and another in 1806, 2 vols. sally read and admired. This work is. for the most part, what the
The Anatomy of Melancholy is a book which has been univer-
8vo; also in 1827, 2 vols. 8vo; 1836, 8vo; 1837, 2 vols. author himself styles it. 'a cento; but it is a very ingenious one.
and admired. This work is. for the most what the
Svo; 1838, 8vo; 1845, Svo; 1849, Svo. The author-a Ilis quotations, which abound in every page. are pertinent: but
man of great erudition and wit-was subject to hypo- if he had made more use of his invention, and less of his common-
chondria, under which he suffered acutely:
place book. his work would perhaps have been more valuable than
it is. He is generally.free from the affected language and ridicu
lous metaphors which disgrace most of the books of his time.”—
Granger's Biographical History.
6.
"Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, a book once the favourite
ing, though written on a regular plan, consists chiefly of quota
of the learned and the witty, and a source of surreptitious learn
tions: the author has honestly termed it a cento. He collects, un
regard to chronological order, and has too often the modesty to
der every division. the opinions of a multitude of writers, without
decline the interposition of his own sentiments. Indeed, the bulk
of his materials generally overwhelms him. In the course of his
folio he has contrived to treat a great variety of topics, that seem
when he starts a favourite train of quotations, he does not scruple
very loosely connected with the general subject; and, like Bayle,
the doctrines of religion to military discipline, from inland navi
to let the digression outrun the principal question. Thus, from
gation to the morality of dancing-schools, every thing is discussed
and determined."-Friar's Mustrations of Sterne, p. 58.
"The archness which Burton displays occasionally, and his in-
dulgence of playful digressions from the most serious discussions,
often give his style an air of familiar conversation, notwithstand-
ing the laborious collections which supply bis text. He was capa
ble of writing excellent poetry, but he seems to have cultivated
this talent too little. The English verses prefixed to his book,
which possess beautiful imagery, and great sweetness of versifica-
tion, have been frequently published. His Latin elegiac verses
addressed to his book, show a very agreeable turn for raillery.”
lid. p. 58.
discover valuable sense and brilliant expression. Such is his ac-
"When the force of the subject opens his own vein of prose, we
count of the first feelings of melancholy persons, written, proba-
bly, from his own experience."-Ibid. p. 60.
6%
During a pedantic age. like that in which Burton's production
appeared. it must have been eminently serviceable to writers of
with appropriate scraps of Greek and Latin, whilst men of letters
many descriptions. Hence the unlearned might furnish themselves"
would find their enquiries shortened, by knowing where they might
look for what both ancients and moderns had advanced on the sub-
ject of human passions. I confess my inability to point out any
other English author who has so largely dealt in apt and original
his copy of The Anatomy of Melancholy.
quotation.”—Manuscript Note of the late George Steevens, Esq., in
See the amusing synopsis of the BIBLIOMANIA appended
to Dibdin's invaluable work by this title. The vivacious
BIBLIOGRAPHER here avowedly takes a leaf from the erudite
hypochondriac.
Burton, Robert, is a name which occurs in the title-
page of a number of very popular historical and miscella-
neous compilations, pub. (and supposed to have been writ-
ten) by Nathaniel Crouch, from 1681-1736.
These are
such as Historical Rarities in London and Westminster,
1681; Wonderful Curiosities, Rarities, and Wonders in
England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1682: History of Scotland,
1685: Curiosities of England, 1697; Unparalleled Varieties,
1699; General History of Earthquakes, 1736, &c. The
list, which is a long one, will be found in Chalmers's Biog.
Dict.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.: Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. The
collection includes History, Travels, Fiction, Nat. History,
Customs, Biography, &c. Some were reprinted in 6 vols.
4to, 1810, '13. The original edits. have occasionally brought
high prices as curiosities:
The following letter from Dr. Johnson to "Mr. Dilly in
the Poultry," is interesting in this connection:
"He composed this book with a view of relieving his own me
lancholy, but increased it to such a degree, that nothing could
make him laugh, but going to the bridge foot, and hearing the
cibaldry of the bargemen, which rarely failed to throw him into a
violent fit of laughter. Before he was overcome with this horrid
disorder, he, in the intervals of his vapours, was esteemed one of
the most facetious companions in the university."-GRANGER.
"He was an exact mathematician, a curious calculator of nativi-
ties, a general read scholar, a thoro' pac'd philologist, and one that
understood the surveying of lands well. As he was by many
counted a severe student, a devourer of authors, a melancholy and
humorous person: so by others, who knew him well. a person of
great honesty, plain dealing and charity. I have heard some of
the ancients of Ch. Ch. often say that his company was very merry,
facete and juvenile, and no man in his time did surpass him for his
ready and dextrous interlarding his common discourses among
them with verses from poets. or sentences from classical authors
Which being then all the fashion in the university made his com-
pany more acceptable."-Athen. Ozon.
Charles Lamb mentions some "curious fragments from
a commonplace book which belonged to Robert Burton,
the famous author of The Anatomy of Melancholy," but
we know of no publication save the Anatomy. Dibdin
supposes that DR. TIMOTHY Bright's (q. v.) Treatise of
Melancholic, 1586, was the prototype of Burton's work,
and it has been also insinuated that Boaystuau's Theatrum
Mundi gave him some useful hints. These surmises may
or may not be true; but of fathering books by means of
supposed resemblances, there is no end. Whether Burton
helped himself to his predecessors' labours or not, it is
certain that he himself has been most unmercifully pil-
laged. It is very true that "from his storehouse of learn-
ing, interspersed with quaint observations and witty illus-
trations, many modern writers have drawn amply, without
acknowledgment, particularly Sterne, who has copied the
best of his pathetic as well as humorous passages." See
Ferriar's Illustrations of Sterne, Lon., 1812, 2 vols. Svo.
Where the temptation is so great, we need not marvel at
the theft. Lord Byron declares
"Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy' is the most amusing and
instructive medley of quotations aud classical anecdotes I ever
perused.
'If the reader has patience to go through his volumes, he will
be more improved for literary conversation than by the perusal
of any twenty other works with which I am acquainted."
<
To Mr. Tegg's beautiful edit., Lon., 1845, Svo, are pre-
fixed some commendatory notices which we present to the
reader, not without hopes of inducing him to procure the
work, if he happen to be without it.
"The Anatomy of Melancholy, wherein the author hath piled
up variety of much excellent learning. Scarce any book of philo
logy in our land hath. in so short a time, passed so many editions."
Fuller's Worthies, fol. 16.
"Tis a book so full of variety of reading, that gentlemen who
have lost their time, and are put to a push for invention, may fur-
nish themselves with matter for common or scholastical discourse
and writing."-Wood's Athen. Oxm, vol. i. p. 628, 2d edit.
"If you never saw Burton upon Melancholy, printed 1676, pray
look into it, and read the ninth page of his Preface. · Democritus to
the Reader.' There is something there which touches the point
we are upon; but I mention the author to you, as the pleasantest,
the most learned, and the most full of sterling sense. The wits
of Queen Anne's reign, and the beginning of George the First,
“January 6. 1784.
"SIR,-There is in the world a set of books which used to be so’
307
BUR
BUR
I
by the booksellers on the bridge, and which I must entreat you to
procure me. They are called BURTON'S Books: the title of one is
Admirable Curiosities, Rarities, and Wonders in England.' I be
lieve there are about five or six of them [perhaps about 40!]
they seem very proper to allure backward readers; be so kind as
to get them for me, and send me them with the best printed edition
of Baxter's Call to the Unconverted.' I am, &c.,
"SAM. JOHNSON."
in Norwich. Catechisme, Lon., 1591, 8vo. Seven sermone
1592, 8vo. A Caveat for Sureties; two sermons on Prov.
vi. 1-5, 1593, Svo. Sermons, 1590, '95.
:
Burton, William, a bookseller in London. Super-
stition, Fanaticism, and Faction; a Poem, 1781, 4to. Re-
searches into the Phraseology, Manners, History, and Re-
ligion of the ancient Eastern Nations, as illustrative of the
Sacred Scriptures, &c., Lon., 1805, 2 vols. Svo.
Dunton includes Crouch in his notices:
"R. B., (alias Nat. Crouch,) is become a celebrated Author. I
think I have given you the very soul of his Character when I have
told you that his talent lies at Collection. He has melted down
the best of our English Histories into Twelve-penny Books which
are filled with wonders, rarities, and curiosities; for you must know
bis Title-pages are a little swelling. However, Nat. Crouch is a very
ingenious person, and can talk fine things upon any subject. In
a word, Nat. Crouch is a Phoenix Author; I mean the only man
that gets an estate by writing of Books.”—Life and Errors.
Dunton speaks in high terms of Nat.'s brother, Samuel
Crouch:
"Ile is just and punctual in all his dealings; never speaks ill of
any man; has a swinging soul of his own;-would part with all
he has to serve a friend;—and that's enough for one BOOKSELLER!”
-Ilrid.
p
We commend Mr. Crouch's character to the study of our
amiable and much-abused friends, the Bibliopoles of the
present day.
M
Burton, Samuel. Sermon, 1620, 4to.
Burton, Thomas. Thanksgiving serm., 1713, 8vo.
Burton, Thomas, member of the Parliaments of
Oliver and Richard Cromwell: his Diary from 1656 to 1659,
now first pub. from the original autograph MS.; edited
and illustrated by J. T. Rutt, Lon., 1828, 4 vols. Svo. These
curious MSS. were discovered among the papers of Henry
Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, "and own their publication to
the same assiduous bibliographer who brought to light the
Memoirs of Eveleyn and Pepys."
"This Work serves to fill up the chasm so long existing in our
Parliamentary History. The recovery of the debates of the Crom-
well Parliaments, taken on the spot by one of the very members,
is little short of a miracle."-New Monthly Mag.
"The great interest of the book is Cromwell himself."-Lon.
Geni. Mug.
"These volumes overflow with information respecting the prin-
ciples and proceedings of the Legislature during a most important
period of English History. Every library which prétends to con-
tain an historical collection, must possess itself of Burton's Diary:
it is as indispensable as Burnet or Clarendon."-Lon. Allos.
It is supposed that Burton's memoranda were taken for
the information of Lord Clarendon, (in whose writing the
MS. is,) then residing abroad with King Charles.
Burton, W. Exposition of the Lord's Prayer, Lon., 1594,
16mo. Seven Dialogues, both pithie and profitable,1606,4to.
Burton, W. H. Law of Real Property; 6th edit.,
with Notes, by E. P. Cooper, Lon., Svo; 7th ed., 1850.
،
"A most valuable publication. It is learned, precise, and accu-
rate, and there is not to be found in it a superfluous word.""
It must be a philological curiosity, truly!
Burton, William, 1575-1681, an eminent antiquary,
was elder brother to the celebrated author of The Anatomy
of Melancholy, (q. v.) He was entered of Brasenose Col-
lege, Oxford, 1591, admitted of the Inner Temple, 1593.
He distinguished himself by A Description of Leicester-
shire, concerning Matters of Antiquity, History, Armours,
and Genealogy, Lon., 1622, fol. The author made many
improvements and additions in MS. It is now entirely su-
perseded by Nichols's History of Leicestershire.
"His natural genius leading him to the studies of Heraldry,
Genealogies, and Antiquities, he became excellent in those obscure
and intricate matters; and, look upon him as a gentleman, was
accounted by all that knew him to be the best of his time for those
studies, as may appear by his Description of Leicestershire."
Athen. Oxon.
"The reputation of Burton's book arises from its being written
early, and preceded only by Lambarde's Kent, 1576, Carew's Corn-
wall, 1602, and Norden's Survey; and it is in comparison only of
these, and not of Dugdale's more copious work, that we are to un-
derstand the praises so freely bestowed on it.”—Gouan.
Burton also drew up the Corollary of Leland's Life,
1655.
fixed to the Collectanca.
Burton, William, d. 1667, an antiquary, was entered
of Queen's College, Oxford, in 1625. He was master of
the free Grammar School at Kingston-upon-Thames until
Laudatio Funebris in Obitum D. Thomæ, Atheni.
Oxon., 1633, 4to. Annotations on the First Epistle of
Clement the Apostle to the Corinthians, 1647, 4to. Græcæ
Lingua Historica, 1657, 8vo. Catalogue of the Religious
Houses in England, with their valuations, at the time of
the dissolution of the Monasteries: see Speed's Chron. at
the end of Henry VIII. A Commentary on Antoninus's
Itinerary, 1658, fol. This work caused Bishop Kennett to
style Burton the best topographer since Camden. Our
author also trans. The Beloved City, from the Latin of
Alstedius.
Mostly a compilation which contains materials of various value.
There are a number of good criticisms, and some of a trifling no
ture. The introduction contains remarks on the Septuagint, the
Samaritan Pentateuch, and the Talmud."-Orme's Bibl. Brit.
Burton, William, minister of the Cathedral Church
Burton, William, M.D., Windsor. Ou Viper-Catchers;
Phil. Trans., 1736. Internal Cancers; ib., 1742.
Burton, William Evans, b. 1804, at London, son
of the following, a distinguished comedian, made his first
appearance in New York in a complimentary benefit given
to Samuel Woodworth, the poet. 1. Yankee among the
Mermaids, Phila., 12mo. 2. Cyclopedia of Wit and Hu-
mor; comprising a Unique Collection of Complete Articles
and Specimens of Written Humor from Celebrated Hu
morists of America, England, Ireland, and Scotland,
illustrated, N.Y., 1858, 2 vols. 8vo. See South. Lit. Mes.
senger, July, 1858.
The aim of this work is to furnish all who would seek in the
brilliant fancies of the humorist a relaxation from the cares of
business or a resource to enliven hours of dulness, or who would
peruse with an appreciating eye the writings of the most gifted
humorous authors who have enlivened the English language by
their wit and genius; to furnish to all, in short, who love a genial
and lively book such a selection as shall satisfy the mirth-craving
nature."
Edited Cambridge Quarterly Review, England; Re-
flector, Eng.; Burton's Gentleman's Magazine, Phila.,
7 vols.; Literary Souvenir, an Annual, 1838, '40. Con-
trib. to London old Monthly
trib. to London old Monthly Mag., Lon. Athen, N.Y.
Knickerbocker, &c.
Burton, William George, b. 1774, at London,
Biblical Researches.
Biblical Researches. A work of great erudition.
Burton, W. W. State of Religion and Education in
New South Wales, Lon., Svo.
Bury, Arthur, an English divine, was ejected from
Oxford in consequence of his work, The Naked Gospel,
Oxf., 1691, fol. The University ordered this Socinian
treatise to be burned. He pub. some sermons, 1660, '62,
'82, '92.
Bury, Arthur. Agricult. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1705;
on manuring land with Sea Sand.
Lady Charlotte introduced him to Lady Anne Hamilton,
and the poet had an opportunity of confirming the good
impression made by the perusal of Glenfinlas, and The
Eve of St. John. Lady Charlotte Bury, left a widow, was
appointed to a place in the household of the Princess of
Wales, afterwards Queen Charlotte.
Wales, afterwards Queen Charlotte. When the Diary il-
lustrative of the Times of George IV. appeared, (4 vols.
Svo,) it was thought to bear evidence of a familiarity with
the scenes depicted which could only be attributed to Lady
Charlotte. It was reviewed with much severity, and
charged to her Ladyship by Lord Brougham. We are not
aware that the charge has ever been denied. The Quar-
pre-terly Review joined in the condemnation. The book sold
rapidly; several editions were disposed of in a few weeks;
for there is a natural desire to know that which should not
be told, especially if the actors be conspicuous for rank or
celebrity. Lady Charlotte has published, also, a number
of novels of the "Minerva" school, some of which have
had a large circulation. Among them are Alla Giornata;
or To The Day, 3 vols. p. 8vo. The Devoted, 3 vols. p.
8vo. The Disinterested and the Ensnared, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
Family Records; or The Two Sisters, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
Flirtation, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Love, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Separa-
tion, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
Bury, Mrs. Elizabeth, d. 1720, aged 76, a native
of Linton, Cambridgeshire, England, was noted for her
knowledge of Hebrew, and wrote some critical disserta-
tions upon the idioms of that language, left in MS. t her
Bury, Lady Charlotte, formerly Lady Charlotte
Campbell, "the beauty of the Argyle family," was an
early patroness of the youthful genius of Sir Walter
Scott. She was
She was "always distinguished by her passion for
elegant letters," and was accustomed "in pride of rank,
literary celebrities of the day. It was at one of her par-
in beauty's bloom, to do the honours of Scotland" to the
ties that Scott became personally acquainted with Monk
Lewis. He writes to George Ellis, 2d March, 1802:
"I am glad you have seen the Marquess of Lorn, whom I have
met frequently at the house of his charming sister, Lady Charlotte
Campbell; whom, I am sure, if you are acquainted with her, you
must admire as much as I do."
308
BUR
BUS
1
death. Her husband pub. her Life and Diary, and Dr.
Watts wrote an elegy to her memory.
Bury, Edward. A Guide to Glory, Lon., 1675, 8vo.
The Deadly Danger of Drunkenness, 1671, 8vo. The
Husbandman's Companion, 1677, 8vo: "100 directions
suited to men of that employment."
Bury, James. Advice to the Commons, 1685, 4to.
Bury, John. Sermon, 1631, 4to.
Bury, Richard de. See RICHARD DE Bury.
Bury, Samuel. Funeral Sermon, 1707, 8vo.
Bury, Talb. Remains of Ecclesiastical Woodwork,
Lon., 1847, fol. Rudimentary Styles of Architecture,
1849, 12mo.
Architect. Designs for Villages, &c.,
Busby, Richard, D.D., 1606-1695, the most cele-
brated pedagogue that England has ever seen, was a king's
scholar at Westminster, and elected a student of Christ
Church, Oxford, where he took the degree of B.A., 1628;
M.A., 1631; D.D., 1660; and Prebendary of Westminster
the same year.
About 1640 he was appointed Head
Master of Westminster School, where he flourished-save
the time of Bagshaw's short triumph-for 55 years.
See!
BAGSHAW, EDward. Dr. Busby was certainly successful
in his profession.
"He bred up the greatest number of learned scholars that ever
adorned any age or nation.”
Busby, C. A.
Lon., 1808, 4to.
It is said that when the king entered his school-room,
Bushy would not remove his hat, not willing that
his boys should think that their master had any superior,
and considering that he was as much a sovereign in his
school as his majesty was in the kingdom. His liberal use
of the birch, as a stimulus to latent genius, has become
proverbial. This was one of the charges brought against
the doctor by Bagshaw, also a teacher in the school. The
whipping master was shocked at the loose discipline of his
more gentle associate. Bagshaw says,
"Mr. Busby bath oft complained to me, and seemed to take it ill,!
that I did not use the rod enough. . . . I would wish there were some
order taken to limit and restrain the exorbitance of punishment;
that poor little boys may not receive thirty or forty, nay, some
times sixty, lashes at a time for small and inconsiderable faults."
Į
But Bushy by no means gave up the point. He de-
clared that the rod was his sieve, and that whoever could
not pass through that, was no boy for him. Not desiring
his opponents to rest satisfied with his theory, he pointed
to the Bench of Bishops, where sat sixteen "grave and
reverend" prelates, formerly his pupils. How could loyal
adherents of Church and State withstand this argument? |
If No Bishop no Church, and No Bishop no King, and No
Birch no Bishop, let flagellation reign! When South-
afterwards so celebrated a divine-came to Busby, he was
as heavy, untractable, and stubborn a chiel as ever tried
the patience of a Dominie. But the master of Westmin-
ster gauged his mind. He discovered-far in the depths
indeed-genius of no common order. Busby determined
to bring it to light.
|
"I see," said he, “great talents in that sulky boy, and I shall
endeavour to bring them out.”
South was now put through a course of exercises of the
most animated and vigorous character. The process was
a tedious one, a painful one-but it succeeded. Busby,
triumphant, laid by the rod for the benefit of the next un-
developed genius, and South ascended the pulpit stairs,
perhaps the first preacher in England. That he, too, was
not, with the sixteen other scholars of Busby, a bishop,
was his own fault. Doubtless Dr. South and his former
Doubtless Dr. South and his former
preceptor often referred to these touching scenes, when in
After days the old schoolmaster took his scat, an honoured
guest at the celebrated churchman's table. Busby was
not only a profound classical scholar, but his powers of
oratory, and even of acting, were most remarkable. Had
he adopted the stage as a profession, he would probably
have been as distinguished as Betterton or Garrick. He
pub. some grammatical works, in the preparation of which
he probably permitted his ushers to aid him. Such is
Wood's conjecture.
A Short Institution of Grammar, 1647, 8vo. Juvenalis
et Persii Satira, 1656. An English Introduction to Latin,
1659. Martialis Epigrammata selecta, 1661. Græcæ
Grammaticæ Rudimenta, 1663. Nomenclatura Brevis
Reformata, 1667. Rudimentum Grammaticæ Græco-La-
tinæ Metricum, 1689, 8vo; and two or three other treatises.
Busby, Thomas, Mus. Doc. General History of
Music, 1819, 2 vols. 8vo. This is an abridgt. of the His-
tories of BURNEY and HAWKINS, (q. v.,) with additions and
essays on the lives of celebrated musicians. Musical Bio-
graphy, or Memoirs of the Lives and Writings of the
I
most eminent Musical Composers and Writers of the last
centuries, including those now living, 2 vols. 8vo.
"In the execution of this work. it has been the intention of the
author to supply the lovers and professors of music with such
printed and manuscript, of eminent masters. as may not only
anecdotes of the lives, and such observations on the writings,
afford information and amusement, but may also serve as a guide
in purchasing their works."
Concert Room and Orchestra Anecdotes, 1825, 3 vols.
12mo. De Lolme proved to be Junius, 1816, 8vo. Die-
tionary of Musical Terms, 12mo. Grammar of Music,
1818, 12mo. A New and Complete Musical Dictionary,
1801, 8vo. A Musical Manual, or Technical Directory,
1828. Other works.
Busch, Peter. Horticult. Con. to Phil. Mag., vol. i.
169; method of destroying Earth Worms, and other Insects.
Busfield, J. A., D.D., 1775-1849, of Clare Ha
Cambridge, Rector of St. Michael's, Wood St., London,
and Lecturer of St. Mary-le-bone. The Christian's Guide,
1800, 8vo. Fast Sermon, 1810, 8vo. Sermons on the
Duties of the Christian Religion; the Lord's Prayer, and
the Great Mystery, 1826, 3 vols. 8vo. His sermons have
gone through six edits.
..
They are among the best in the language; written in a strain
of great eloquence. without affectation; expanding the subjects in
a perspicuous and practical manner."
Bush, Edward. Sermon at St. Paul's Crosse, Lon.,
1571, Svo.
Bush, Edward Arthur. Visitation Serm., 1812, 8vo.
Bush, Mrs. Forbes. Memoirs of the Queens of
France, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1848. This work should
have a place on the Library shelf by Miss Strickland's
Lives of the Queens of England.
"This charming work comprises a separate Memoir of every
Queen of France. from the earliest of her annals to the present
time. It cannot fail of being a desirable acquisition to every
library in the kingdom."-Lon. Sun.
Bush, Francis, Surgeon. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans.,
1811; a knife lodged in the muscles.
Bush, George, b.1796, Professor of Hebrew and Orien-
tal Literature in the city of New York, has gained consi-
derable distinction by profound learning, pulpit eloquence,
and peculiarities of opinion. He was educated at Dart-
mouth College, and at the Princeton Theological Seminary,
officiated for some years as a Presbyterian minister, ac-
cepted his professorship in 1831. In 1845 he avowed his
reception of the doctrines of Swedenborg, and he has since
zealously laboured in their defence. An interesting sketch
of Professor Bush and his opinions will be found in Gris-
wold's Prose Writers of America. His first work was the
Life of Mohammed, pub. 1832, (Harper's Family Library,
vol. 10th.) In 1836 he pub. a Treatise on the Millennium,
in which views contrary to those generally entertained
were set forth. The Hebrew Grammar was pub. in 1835;
2d edit., 1838. In 1840 he commenced the publication of
his Commentaries on the books of the Old Testament, viz. :
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Joshua, Judges, and Numbers,
forming S vols. These have been highly commended:
“With the fullest satisfaction we direct attention to this valu-
able contribution from transatlantic stores, to Biblical literature
and Christian theology. . . . There is a union of the critical and
the practical which adapts the work to popular use as well as to
the requirements of the ministerial student.”—Scottish Pilot.
able addition to the number of Commentaries on the whole or
“We regard Bush's work on Joshua and Judges as a very valu-
parts of the Holy Scriptures. The professor has an enviable ta-
lent for elucidating the sacred text."-Lon. Herald of Peace.
See also the Lon. Home Miss. Mag.
"The real object of a commentary, which is not to supersede
the text, but to excite attention to it, appears to be as nearly
attained in this volume, as in any work we could name. The au-
thor happily avoids that generalizing manner which detracts from
the value of many celebrated works, by rendering them of little
use in the way of quotation.”—Lon. Gent. Mag.; notice of the Notes
on Genesis.
A Commentary on the Book of Psalms on a plan em-
bracing the Hebrew Text, with a new literal version,
New York, 1848, 8vo.
"This work will be very useful to Biblical students who com-
mence their Hebrew studies with the Book of Psalms."-Horne's
Introduction.
"The notes are designed principally to elucidate the force. im-
port, and pertinency of the words and phrases of the original, by
the citation of parallel instances, and to throw light upon the
images and allusions of the sacred writers by reference to the cus-
lical Repository, v. 239.
toms, manners, law, geography, &c. of the East."-Andover Bib-
In 1836 Prof. Bush pub. his very valuable Illustrations
of the Holy Scriptures, laboriously compiled from 46 Bri-
tish and foreign writers.
writers. This work should be in the
hands of every Biblical student. In 1844 he pub. in the
Hierophant some elaborate papers upon Prophetic sym-
bols, &c. Much attention was excited by a work of the
professor's pub. in 1841, entitled Anastasis, or the Doctrine
309
BUS
BUT
|
of the Resurrection of the Body, Rationally and Spiri-
tually Considered. It does not come within our design to
consider the supposed correctness or unsoundness of works
written with the intention of promoting the cause of truth.
We profess to occupy the position of the chronicler, not
the umpire. The opinions of the learned professor have
elicited much animated controversy. He has given to the
world an exposition of some of the phenomena of Mes-
merism, and he anticipates great benefits to the race from
the full development of the new philosophy of which he
is an ardent champion. In addition to his other labours,
Prof. Bush preaches to a society of the New Jerusalem
Church in Brooklyn and edits the Anglo-American New
Church Repository.
Bushnell, Edm. Complete Shipwright, 1669, 4to.
Bushnell, Horace, D.D., b. about 1804, at Wash-
Bush, J. Hibernia Curiosa, or a General History of
the Manners, Customs, and Dispositions, &c. of the Inha-ington, Litchfield county, Connecticut, graduated at Yale
bitants of Ireland; Trade, Agriculture, and Curiosities, College in 1827, where in 1829 he was appointed tutor.
Lon., 1767, Svo.
He has been a journalist, and a law student, as well as
theologian. Among his publications are Christian Nur-
ture, 1847; God in Christ, 1849; and a sequel to these,
entitled, Christian Theology, 1851. He has pub. a num-
ber of sermons,-Unconscious Influence, &c.,-which have
been collected in one volume, entitled Sermous for the
New Life, 1858, 12mo. Many of his pieces will be found
in The New Englander; and his addresses before college
societies and literary assemblies are numerous.
"The materials of this work, which chiefly is occupied with a
view of manners, agriculture, trade, natural curiosities, &c., were
collected during a tour in 1764-69."-STEVENSON.
Bush, Joseph. Evangelical sermons, 1842, 12mo.
"We have been much pleased with these sermons. They breathe
cordial attachment to the Redeemer and his Gospel."—Church-
man's Monthly Review.
In
(
Bush, or Bushe, Paul, 1490-1558, first Bishop of
Bristol, entered the University of Oxford about 1513.
consequence of his profound knowledge of divinity, Henry "His writings have attracted considerable attention among
VIII. advanced him to the newly-erected see of Bristol, theologians from the bold and original manner in which he has
1542, and made him his chaplain. Queen Mary deprived dissertation prefixed to his volume God in Christ' contains the
of the doctrines of the Calvinistic faith.... The
him of his dignity on account of his being a married man. germ of most of what are considered his theological peculiarities."
Exposycyon of Miserere mei Deus, 1525. An Exhortation Busk, George, b. in Russia, a distinguished surgeon
to Margaret Burges. Notes on the Psalms, Lon., 1525. and naturalist, went to England at an early age. He was
Treatise in praise of the Crosse. Answer to certain Que- one of the early members, and, in 1848-49, President, of the
ries concerning the Abuses of the Mass; in Burnet's Hist. Microscopical Soc., and has contributed many valuable
Reformation; Records, No. 25. Dialogues between Christ papers to its Transactions. Editor of the Quarterly Jour-
and the Virgin Mary. Treatise of Salves and Curing Re-nal of Microscopical Science. Trans. Kölliker's Histology;
medies, sine anno. Extirpation of Ignorancy, &c. Car- also Wedl's Pathological Histology. Catalogue of the Ma-
mina diversa. Certayne gostly Medycynes, &c., sine anno. rine Polyzoa contained in the British Museum, 2 vols. Svo.
When he took his degree of B.A., Wood says he was Busk, M. M. The History of Spain and Portugal
"Then numbered among the celebrated poets of the Univer- from B.C. 1000 to A.D. 1814, Lon., 1833, 8vo; pub. by
sity."-Athen. Ozon.
the Soc. for D. U. Knowledge.
Bush, William. The Celestial Race, Lon., 1692.
Bush, William. The Inadvertencies and Indiscre-
tions of Good Men a great cause of general Corruption in
Society; a serm. on 1 Tim. v. 22, 1746, Svo.
Bush, William. Voyage and Travel of W. B., Lon.,
1617, 4to.
Bush, William. Observations on Cancers, Bath, 1804.
Bushby, E. Introduction to the Study of Scripture,
12mo. Essay on the Human Mind, 5th edit., Camb.,
1852, 12mo.
Bushe, Amyas. Socrates; a Dram. Poem, 1785, 4to.
Bushe, G. P. Population of Ireland. Trans. Irish
Acad., 1790.
losophy of Instinct and Reason, p. 8vo. Treatise on
Worms in the Blood, Svo. Homoeopathy and the Homœo
pathist, 12mo. The Physiology of Animal and Vegetable
Life: a Popular Treatise on the Functions and Phenomena
of Organic Life; to which is prefixed a Brief Exposition
of the Great Departments of Human Knowledge, r. 12mo,
with over one hundred illustrations.
"Though cast to a popular form and manner, this work is the
production of a man of science, and presents its subject in its latest
It may, therefore, be consulted with interest by those who wish to
development, based on truly scientific and accurate principles.
obtain in a concise form, and at a low price, a resumé of the pre
sent state of animal and vegetable physiology."
Other works.
con.
Bushel, Seth, D.D. Sermons, 1673, '78, '82.
Bushel, or Bushell, Thomas, 1594-1674, educated
at Baliol College, Oxford, was in the service of Lord Ba-
Charles made him Master of the Royal Mines in
Wales. Speeches and Songs at the Presentment of the
Rock at Euston to the Queen in 1636, Oxon., 1636, 4to.
Remonstrance of His Majesty's Mines Royal in Wales,
Lon., 1642, 4to. Tracts concerning the Mines in Wales,
Lon., 1642-60, 4to. Extract of the Lord Bacon's
sophical Theory of Mineral Prosecutions, 1660, 4to. See
an interesting account of Bushel and his famous "Rock"
and various projects, in Athen. Oxon.
"Leaving behind him the character of one always troubled with
a beating and contriving brain, of an aimer at great and high
things, while he himself was always indigent, and therefore could
never accomplish his mind to his original desire; of one always
borrowing to carry on his design, but seldom or never paid."
"The running narrative, constantly enlivened by anecdote, of
which the subject is prolific, leaves us no time to be dull. A well-
analyzed chronological table is prefixed, as well as a useful table
of contents.”—Lon. Gent. Mag.
Busher, Leon. Liberty of Conscience, 1646, 4to, &c.
Bushnan, J. S., M.D. History of the Saline Treat-
ment of Cholera, Lon., 8vo. Introduc. to the Study of
Nature, 8vo. Observations on Hydropathy, 12mo. Phi-
310
Busk, Mrs. 1. Biographical Sketches, European and
Asiatic, Lon., p. Svo. 2. History of Medieval Popes,
Emperors, &c., 2 vols. p. Svo; vols. iii. and iv., 1856, p.
Svo. 3. Plays and Poems, 2 vols. 12mo.
by 500 wood-engravings by Horace Vernet, 2 vols. 8vo.
Bussey, George Moir. Life of Napoleon, illustrated
Bussiere, Paul, Surgeon.
Trans., 1699, 1700.
Buswell, John. An Historical Account of the Knights
of the most noble order of the Garter, from its institution,
1350, to the present time, 1757, Svo.
"The present design is briefly to give such account of those il-
lustrious Knights who have been companions of this most noble
Order, as may in some measure shew the cause of their being ad-
mitted to so high a dignity."-Pref. p. 5.
"Mr. Buswell seems to have executed this design with all the
Philo-requisite care and exactness; and his work forms no unentertain-
ing system of biographical anecdotes."-Lon. Monthly Rev., 1757.
Recently a copy of this work was advertised by Mr.
George Willis, London, with MS. additions to the present
time, (1854,) by the Rev. D. T. Powell.
Buswell, Sir George, Bart.
Will and Testament, Lon., 1714, 8vo; privately printed.
A copy of his last
This pamphlet is interesting to the collectors of Northamp
tonshire history.
This work is well and carefully written, and, as a contribu
tion to modern history, is entitled to a place in the library."-
Westminster Review.
Profess. Con, to Phil
Yet we should not omit to state that there were times
when Bushel had no lack of the precious metals. He is
Buswell, William, late of Queen's College, Cam-
said to have gained from one silver mine at Bwlch-yr-mons on important subjects, Lon., 1842, 12mo.
bridge, Rector of Widford, Essex. Plain Parochial ser
Eskir, sufficient profit to enable him to prosent Charles I.
with a regiment of horse, and to provide clothes for his
whole army. In addition to this, he advanced as a loan
to his Majesty no less a sum than £40,000; equal to at
least four times the amount of the present currency; and
he also raised a regiment among miners at his own charge.
The mine referred to is the same one out of which Sir Hugh
Middleton accumulated £2000 a month, "by which pro-
duce he was enabled to defray the expense of bringing
the New River to London."
Lon., 1798-1806, 2 vols. 8vo. An Excursion from Sid-
Butcher, Edmund, a Unitarian minister. Sermons,
mouth to Chester in 1803, Lon., 1805, 2 vols. 12mo. Ser-
mons for the Use of Families, 1819, 3 vols. Svo.
sometimes striking. Scripture language is largely used and freely
"The style is simple and familiar; the sentences short, and
accommodated."-Lon. Monthly Repository.
Other works,
Butcher, George. Causes of the present high prices
of provisions, 1801, Svo.
Butcher, John. Sermon, Lon., 1694, Svo.
Butcher, Richard. Survey and Antiquities of the
Towns of Stamford and Tottenham, High Cross Lon., 1646,
| 4to; 1717, 8vo; with Notes by Francis Peck, 1727, fol.
BUT
BUT
Butcher, William. Sermon, 1811. Plain Discourses
delivered to a Country Congregation, 1815, 2 vols. 12mo.
Bute, John Stuart, third Earl of, 1713-1792. This
most unpopular statesman is said to have played himself
into the favour of the Prince of Wales, as Sir Christopher
Hatton dunced himself into Queen Elizabeth's. His Lord-
ship took refuge from the arrows of Junius in his Paradise
of Shrubs. He printed a work upon his favourite pursuit
in 9 vols. 4to,-Botanical Tables, &c.,-at an expense of
£10,000 for 12 copies. Dr. Dutens thus speaks of his lord-
ship and his expensive book:
"L'étude favorite de Lord Bute étoit la botanique; il excelloit
tellement dans cette science, que les plus grands maîtres en Europe
le consultoient et recherchoient sa correspondance; il avoit écrit
sur ce sujet un ouvrage en 9 vols. in 4to, qu'il fit imprimer a grands
frais. Il l'avoit composé pour la Reine d'Angleterre, et ne voulait
jamais le publier, tant il étoit éloigné de tirer vanité de ses lu-
mières. Il en fit tirer 16 exemplaires, dont il me donna un.”—Me-
moires d'un Voyageur qui se Repose, vol. ii. p. 252.
Only twelve copies were printed, and were disposed of as
follows:
Lord Bute....
The Queen....
Empress of Russia..
Sir Joseph Banks......
M. de Buffon.....
...
Lady Betty Mackenzie.....
Lady Ruthven.....
Lady Macartney.
Duchess of Portland......
Mrs. Barrington…………..
M. Dutens......
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
One of Lord Bute's copies sold in 1798, with Mr. Tighe's
books, produced £120; and the late Queen Charlotte's copy
was sold in 1819, for £117. A copy was sold in 1813 for
£82 198. The plates are said to have been destroyed. See
Gentleman's Mag. for 1792, p. 285; Martin's Bibliographi-
cal Catalogue of Privately Printed Books, and Dryander's
Catalogues: the latter remarks:
"Opera hujus, splendidi magis quam utilis, duodecim tantum
exemplaria impressa sunt."
Butler, Alban, 1700-1773, a native of Northampton,
was sent in his eighth year to the English Roman Catholic
College at Douay, where he was subsequently appointed
Professor of Divinity. Whilst at this seat of learning, he
pub. his Letters on the History of the Popes, by Archi-
bald Bower.
2
"They are written with ease and good humour, they show va-
rious and extensive learning, a vigorous and candid mind. They
met with universal applause."-CHARLES BUTLER.
In 1745 he travelled through France and Italy with the
Earl of Shrewsbury, and the Messrs. Talbot, and on his
return was appointed to a mission in Staffordshire, though
anxious for a London residence, which would permit ac-
cess to such works as he desired to consult in the compila-
tion of his History of the Saints. Shortly after reaching
England, he was appointed Chaplain to Edward, Duke of
Norfolk, and accompanied Edward Howard, his nephew,
to the Continent. Whilst at Paris he sent to the press his
Lives of the Saints, upon which he had laboured more or
less.for thirty years. It was pub. Lon., 1745, 5 vols. 4to;
Dubl., 1780, 12 vols. 8vo. In the edit. before us, the im-
primatur of the prelates is dated January 29th, 1833; pub.
(1836) at Dublin, 2 r. 8vo vols., with a preface by Bishop
Doyle, and life of the author by his nephew, CHARLES BUT-
LER, (q. v.) In the first edit. the notes were omitted. This
step was taken at the advice of Mr. Challoner, Vicar-
apostolic of the London district, who thought that the
work would be too costly for general circulation unless re-
duced in size. An edit., considered the best, was pub. in
1847, Lon., 12 vols. Svo; the continuation by C. Butler
should be added. "It is easy to suppose," remarks his
nephew and biographer, Charles Butler, "what it must
have cost our author to consign to oblivion the fruit of so
much labour, and so many vigils. He obeyed, however.
Happily they were restored in the subsequent editions.
The Lives of the Saints is a curious storehouse of ecclesi-
astical and secular learning.
29
"The erudition, the beauty of style, the true spirit of religion,
and the mild and conciliating language, which pervade this work,
edified all its readers, disposed them to be pleased with a religion
in which they saw so much virtue, allayed their prejudices against
its professors, and led them to consider the general body with good
will. It has been translated into French. Spanish. and Italian;
and, though a bulky and expensive work, has gone through seve-
ral editions."-CHARLES Butler.
"As it is known what prejudice means in Mr. Gibbon's vocabu
lary, our author's relatives accept the character."
The Rev. Alban Butler also pub. The Life of Mary of
the Cross.
ant duties of a religious life, and on sublime prayer, than a minute
"It is rather a vehicle to convey instruction on various import-
account of the life and actions of the nun."-CHARles Butler.
He left an unfinished Treatise on the Movable Feasts,
which was pub. by Mr. Challoner, (an edit., Dubl., 1839,
8vo;) and Charles Butler pub. his Short Life of Sir Toby
Matthews. The Rev. Mr. Jones superintended the publi-
cation of three vols. of his Meditations and Discourses,
issued in 1791, since the author's decease; new edit., by
Dr. Lanigan, Dubl., 1840, 8vo.
"They are acknowledged to possess great merit; the morality
of them is entitled to great praise; the discourse on conversation
shows a considerable knowledge of life and manners.
Ilis
sermons were sometimes interesting and pathetic; but they were
always desultory, and almost always immeasurably long.”—CHAS.
BUTLER.
He made collections for the Lives of Bishop Fisher and
Sir Thomas More, which, it is to be regretted, with several
other projected works, were never given to the world.
Sometime after his return to England from his travels with
Mr. Howard, he was chosen President of the English Col-
lege at St. Omer's, which responsible position he filled
until the day of his death-in 1773. He was always much
attached to literary pursuits, and ever ready to assist the
learned investigations of others. He aided Cardinal Qui-
rini in his edition of Cardinal Pole's Letters, who makes
this handsome acknowledgment of his valuable co-opera-
tion:
··
·
•
to whom the public is indebted for the most useful and valuable
The Letters were procured for the author by Mr. Alban Butler,
work which has appeared in the English language on the Lives of
the Saints, and which has been so much esteemed in France, that
it is now translated into the language of a country celebrated for
readiness on all occasions to assist the author in bis undertaking
biography, with large additions by the author. This gentleman's
was answerable to his extensive knowledge, and general acquaint-
ance with whatever has any relation to erudition."
The value of Quirini's commendation is too well known
to scholars to require to be enlarged on here.
Mr. Butler pursued his studies with such zeal that we
are assured by one of his friends that
"Every instant that Mr. Butler did not dedicate to the govern
ment of his college, he employed in study; and when obliged to
go abroad, he would read as he walked along the streets. I have
met him with a book under each arm, and a third in his hands,
and have been told, that, travelling one day on horseback, he fell
a reading, giving the horse his full liberty. The creature used it
to eat a few ears of corn that grew on the roadside. The owner
came in haste, swearing that he would be indemnified. Mr. But-
ler, who knew nothing of the damage done, no sooner perceived
it, than, blushing, he said to the countryman, with his usual
mildness, that his demand was just; he then draws out a louis-
d'or, and gives it to the fellow, who would have been very well
obtains forgiveness, and goes on his way."
satisfied with a few pence, makes repeated apologies to him, easily
The character of Alban Butler was most exemplary.
L'Abbé de la Sepouze thus speaks of him:
"What astonished me most was, that studies so foreign to the
supernatural objects of piety, shed over his soul neither aridity
nor lukewarmness. He referred all things to God. and his dis
course always concluded by some Christian reflections, which he
skilfully drew from the topic of his conversation. His virtue was
neither minute nor pusillanimous: religion had in his discourse,
as well as in his conduct. that solemn gravity which can alone
make it worthy of the Supreme Being. Ever composed, he feared
neither contradictions nor adversities: he dreaded nothing but
praises. He never allowed himself a word that could injure any
one's reputation. . . . In short, I will confess it to my confusion
that for a long time I sought to discover a failing in him; and I
protest, by all that is sacred, that I never knew one in him." See
the whole of this interesting letter in the Account of the Life and
Writings of Alban Butler, prefixed to the Lives of the Saints.
Butler, C. The Age of Chivalry; a Tale, abridged
from the Knights of the Swan, by Madame de Genlis,
1799, 12mo.
Butler, Charles, 1559-1647, a native of High Wy
comb, Buckinghamshire, was entered of Magdalen Hall,
Oxford, in 1579; Vicar of Lawrence Wotton, Hampshire,
from about 1600 until his death. Feminine Monarchie; or
The History of Bees, and the due ordering of them, Oxon.,
1609, 8vo. In Latin, by Richardson, under the title of
Monarchia Feminina, sive Apium Historia, Lon., 1673,
Svo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. Rhetoricæ, libri
duo, Oxon., 1619, '29, 4to. De Propinquitate Matrimo-
nium impediente regula Generalis; or the Marriage of
Cousins german, Oxon., 1625, 4to. Oratoriæ, libri duo,
Oxon., 1638, 4to; often reprinted. The English Gram-
mar, 1833, 4to; quoted by Dr. Johnson in the Grammar
Gibbon remarks of this compilation,
"It is a work of merit:-the sense and learning belong to the prefixed to his Dictionary. The Principles of Music, in
uthor; the prejudices are those of his profession."
Upon which Charles Butler remarks with his usual
ful and gentlemanly humour:
grace-
singing and setting, Lon., 1636, 4to.
The only theoretical or didactic work published on the subject
of music during the reign of Charles I. It contains more know
SIL
BUT
BUT
1
leage in a small compass than any other of the kind in our lan-
guage; but the Saxon and new characters he uses, in order to ex-
plode such characters as are redundant, or of uncertain powers,
render this musical tract somewhat difficult to peruse." See Dr.
Burney's Gen. Hist. of Music.
Butler, Charles, 1750–1832, a learned Roman Catho-
lic, and eminent lawyer, was the nephew of ALBAN BUTLER,
(q. v.) and a native of London. He was educated at the
English Roman Catholic College at Douay, where he was
noted for his talents and studious application. He was
entered of Lincoln's Inn, in 1775, and was called to the
bar in 1791, being the first barrister of the Roman Catho-
lic communion since the Revolution: he never argued any
case save the one of Cholmondeley v. Clinton. In 1832
be accepted from the chancellor a silk gown, and was
made a Bencher of Lincoln's Inn. Mr. Butler was a zcal-
ous champion of the religious faith which he professed,
whilst not unmindful of those amenities without which
there is little hope of rectifying the opinions of others or
recommending our own. The character which he gives
of his uncle, the celebrated author of The Lives of the
Saints, is a higher eulogy in his own favour than any we
could indite.
"Ile was zealous in the cause of religion, but his zeal was without
bitterness or animosity: polemic acrimony was unknown to him.
He never forgot that in every heretic he saw a brother Christian;
In every infidel he saw a brother man."-Charles Butler's Life of
· Alban Butler.
In 1778 he pub. an Essay on the Legality of Impressing
Seamen. Mr. Hargrave had left unfinished, after seven
years' labour, his edit. of Coke upon Littleton. Mr. Butler
took the remainder-nearly half the work-in hand, and
We
finished it in four terms, according to his contract.
by no means assert, however, that Mr. Butler did as much
work as Mr. Hargrave. Our reference is only to the
calendar. We notice other publications of Mr. Butler.
Hora Biblica; being a Series of Miscellaneous Notes
on the original Text, early Versions, and printed Editions,
of the Old and New Testaments, 1797, Svo; not sold;
printed for the author's friends. Part 2, 1804, Svo; 1807,
vol. i., 4th edit.; vol. ii., 2d edit. The second vol. treats
of the books accounted sacred by the Mohammedans, Hin-
doos, Parsees, Chinese, and Scandinavians.
"An elegant work, the production of the leisure hours of Mr.
Butler. It does great credit to his learning, research, candour,
and good sense. It supplies in a narrow compass a large portion
of useful information on all the topics of which it treats, and
directs to the sources whence it is chiefly drawn. In an appendix,
the ingenious writer gives a literary outline of the disputes on the
authenticity of 1 John v. 7; in which the evidence on both sides
is stated with great candour and accuracy. The fifth edition of the
Hora Biblica is inserted in a collection of Mr. Butler's Philologi-
cal and Biographical Works, 1817, 5 vols. 8vo.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"A judicious manual of Biblical criticism."-T.H.Horne's Introd.
"An elegant and interesting work.”—Dr. T. F. DIDDIN.
In 1810 M. Boulard pub. in Paris, Svo, a French trans.
of this work, from the edit. printed at Oxford in 1799.
Hora Juridica Subsecive; being a connected Series of
Notes concerning the Geography, Chronology, and Lite-
rary History of the principal Codes and original Docu-
ments of the Grecian, Roman, Feudal, and Canon Law,
Lon., 1804, 8vo; 1807, 8vo; 3d edit., with additions, Lon.,
1830, 8vo; pub. in Philada., 1808.
"The author in the compilation of this work, appears to have
freely used Schomberg's Elements of the Roman Law, (' an amusing
and superficial little work,') with a sprinkling of authorities bor
rowed from Gibbon's 44th chapter. It is an unfavourable specimen
of Mr. Butler's labours, being noted neither for accuracy nor depth
of research. It contains, however, useful information upon the
subjects of which it treats, and refers the student to authorities to
assist him in a farther prosecution of each head of inquiry." See
Marvin's Legal Bibl.; 2 Hoffman's Leg. Student, 523; 8 West-
minster Review, 422.
It is included in vol. 2d of Mr. Butler's works.
In 1806 the Emperor of Austria renounced the empire
of Germany, and a question arose on its territorial extent.
This led to the publication of Mr. Butler's Notes on the
chief Revolutions of the principal States which composed
the Empire of Charlemagne, &c., 1807, 8vo, repub. in 1812,
Svo, under the title of A Succinct History of the Geographi-
cal and Political Revolutions in the Empire of Germany,
or the Principal States which composed the Empire of
Charlemagne, &c. This work did the author great credit.
"There has been a book published by Mr. Butler ou the German
Constitution that I consider invaluable. Here will be found all
the outlines of the subject. Let the detail be studied, wherever it
is thought necessary, in Gibbon, [Lecture I.] I must once more re-
mind you that the work of Mr. Butler on the German Empire is
indispensably necessary. [Lecture 4.]"-Prof. Smylle's Lectures on
Modern History.
"Mr. Butler has produced a work of great curiosity and interest,
and one which must at the present period be peculiarly acceptable.
We know, indeed, of no other works, in this or any language, in
which this regular series of information on the Germanic Empire
san be found."-British Critic, July, 1813.
It will be found in vol. 2d of Mr. Butler's works.
Fearne's Essay on Contingent Remainders and Execu
tory Devises, 6th edit., with Notes, 1809, Svo.
..
The study of this profound and useful work Mr. Butler greatly
facilitated by his clear arrangement and intelligent notes.”—Lon.
Gent. Mag., 1832.
We may mention that the 10th edit. of Fearne's Essay
was pub. by Josiah W. Smith, Esq., Lon., 1844, 2 vols.
r. Svo; this edit. includes Mr. Butler's notes. Life and
Writings of J, B. Bossuet, Bishop of Meaux, Lon., 1812,
Svo.
"The reader will do well to procure Mr. Butler's pleasing bio
graphical Memoir of Bossuet."--DR. T. F. DIDDIN.
Historical Memoirs of the English, Irish, and Scottish
Catholics since the Reformation, &c., 3d edit., consider-
ably augmented, Lon., 1822, 4 vols. 8vo. The Life of Eras-
mus, with Historical Remarks on the State of Literature
between the tenth and sixteenth Centuries, Lon., 1825,
Svo, An Historical and Literary Account of the Formu-
laries, Confessions of Faith, or Symbolic Books of the Ro
man Catholic, Greek, and Principal Protestant Churches,
1816, Svo; appended to this were four Essays, of which
the last was the celebrated one on the Reunion of Chris-
tians, which elicited much censure. Respecting this essay
the author remarks in a letter to Dr. Parr:
"The chief aim of all my writings has been to put Catholic and
Protestant into good humour with one another, and Catholics into
a good humour with themselves.... I never had any notion that
the reunion of Christians was practicable."
It is certainly better to agree to disagree, than to disa-
gree in the effort to agree.
A Continuation of the Rev. Alban Butler's Lives of the
Saints to the present time, &c., 1823. The Book of the
Roman Catholic Church, in a Series of Letters addressed
to Robert Southey, Esq., in his Book of the Church, 1825,
Svo. Mr. Southey refers to this publication in his letters
to John May, Esq., March 16, and to Rev. Robert Philip,
Aug. 15, 1825: be reviewed it also in the Quart. Review,
xxxiii. 1; xxxvi. 305: see also Edin. Review, xliii. 125.
As we have not room to quote the statements of both par-
ties, of course we shall give neither. Mr. Butler in the
second vol., p. 59, of his Reminiscences, enumerates no
less than ten replies which were elicited by this work. He
answered his objectors in A Letter to the Rt. Rev. C. J.
Blomfield, Bishop of Chester, 1825, and in his Vindication
of the Book of the Roman Catholic Church, &c., 1826,
Svo. The Vindication elicited six additional replies (!)
See Butler's Reminiscences, vol. ii. 62, which were noticed
by Mr. B. in an Appendix to his Vindication. His Re-
miniscences, a most interesting work, was pub. vol. i.
1822; vol. ii. 1827. For a biographical sketch of Mr.
Butler, and notices of his publications, see Gent. Mag.,
1832, 269. We have already referred to the collective
edit. of his works, Lon., 1817, 5 vols. Svo. Mr. Butler,
following the example of his celebrated uncle, was a most
diligent student. He tells us that
"Very early rising, a systematic division of his time, abstinence
highly, from reading, writing, or even thinking on modern party
from all company, and from all diversions not likely to amuse him
politics.-and, above all, never permitting a scrap of time to be
unemployed.-have supplied him with an abundance of literary
hours. His literary acquisitions are principally owing to the rigid
observance of four rules: to direct his attention to one literary
object only at a time; to read the best work upon it, consulting
others as little as possible; when the subjects were contentious,
to read the best book on each side; to find out men of information,
and when in their society, to listen, not to talk."
Butler, Charles. Introduction to Algebra, Lon.,
1800 to the Mathematics, with notices of authors and
their works, Oxf., 1814, 2 vols. 8vo.
Butler, Clement Moore, D.D., b. 1810, Troy, N. Y.
Year of the Church; a Poem. Common Prayer Book in-
terpreted by its History. Old Truths and New Errors.
Butler, D. Funeral Serm. on Sir Cloudesley Shovel,
1707, 8vo.
Butler, Frances Anne. See KEMBLE.
Butler, George, D.D., Dean of Peterborough. Serm.,
Matt. xxviii. 18-20. Festival of the Sons of the Clergy,
Lon., 1843, Svo.
Butler, Mrs. H. 1. Love's Mazes. 2. Count Eu-
genio; novels, 1806, '07.
Butler, Lady Harriot. Memoirs from her MS.,
1761, 2 vols. 12mo.
Butler, Hon. Henry.
To the Electors of Eng-
land, 1809; on the Necessity of a Reform in Parliament,
1809.
of Wight, 1806, 12mo.
Butler, J. History and Picturesque Guide to the Isle
Butler, James. Extent and Limits of Subjection
due to Princes; serm., Rom. xiii. 1, 1707, 8vo.
312
BUT
BUT
· Butler, James. Justification of the Tenets of the
Roman Catholic Religion, 1787, 8vo.
Butler, John, Chaplain to James, Duke of Ormond.
An Account of Time, stating the day, bour, and minute
of our Saviour's Nativity, Lon., 1671, 8vo. Kalendar,
Scriptural and Astronomical, for five years, during and
after Christ's Ministry, 1671, 8vo. Serm., 1678, 4to.
trology, 1680, 8vo. Last Legacy, 1686, 8vo. Bellua Ma-
rina; Hist. Descrip. of the Papal Empire from Prophecy,
1690, 8vo.
As-
Butler, John, D.D., 1717-1802, a native of Ham-
burg, become a private tutor in the family of Mr. Child,
a banker. He obtained the living of Everly, Wiltshire;
was made Bishop of Oxford, 1777; and translated to the
see of Hereford, 1788. He pub. a number of political
tracts, and several sermons, 1746-78. His discourses and
two charges were collected by him, and pub. in 1801,
under the title of Select Sermons, &c., 8vo.
"They appear to be the plain, serious, and impressive dictates
of the mind. They abound not with laboured ornaments and
well-turned periods, but with attractions of a preferable kind.-
with sound sense and rational piety. We recommend both them
[the charges] and the sermons to the serious attention of the clergy
and the public.”—Lon. Monthly Review.
The Letters of Junius were at one time ascribed to this
prelate.
W
Butler, John. Brief Reflections on the Liberty of
the British Subject: addressed to the Right Hon. Edmund
Burke; occasioned by his publication on the French Revo-
lution, Canterb., 1791, 8vo.
!
Butler, Joseph, 1692-1752, a very eminent prelate,
was born at Wantage, in Berkshire, where his father, a
Presbyterian, was a respectable tradesman. Joseph was
the youngest of eight children, and evinced at an early
age those powers of mind for which he afterwards became
so distinguished. His father designed him for the minis-
try in his own denomination, and placed him at a Dissent-
ing academy in Tewkesbury; but an examination of the
principles of the Church of England resulted in a deter-
mination to enter its communion. Accordingly in 1714
Accordingly in 1714
he was received as a commoner of Oriel College, Oxford.
At college he formed a friendship with Mr. Edmund Tal-
bot, son of Bishop Talbot, and to this fortunate alliance
he was indebted for his future preferment. In 1718 he
was appointed preacher at the Rolls, which post he re-
tained till 1726, in the beginning of which year he pub-
lished Fifteen Sermons preached at the Rolls Chapel, of
which a second edition appeared in 1729. Subsequently
there were added to this collection, Six Sermons preached
upon public occasions.
"In these admirable discourses may plainly be discovered the
germs of those principles of analogy which were afterwards de-
veloped by him in his celebrated work.”
worthy prelate, "what a shame for a bishop to have 80
much money in the house at one time!" He then ordered
a great part of it to be distributed to the poor. Shortly
after he had been seated in his new bishopric, his health
began to decline, and in 1752 he died at Bath, in the sixty-
first year of his age. He was never married. The piety
of Bishop Butler was full of seriousness, humility, and
fervour. Fifteen years after his decease, a declaration was
published by an anonymous writer to the effect that the
bishop had died in the communion of the Church of Rome.
This falsehood was amply refuted by Archbishop Secker.
"This strange slander, founded on the weakest pretences, and
most trivial circumstances, that can be imagined, no one was
qualified to confute than the archbishop; as well from his
mation given him at the time. by those who attended his lordship
long and intimate knowledge of Bishop Butler, as from the infor
in his last illness, and were with him when he died."-Bp. Pur
teus's Life of Secker.
In 1722 he was presented by Bishop Talbot with the
benefice of Haughton, which he exchanged in 1725 for
that of Stanhope, where he remained for seven years.
He was in this retired country parish, when Queen Caro-
line asked whether he was not dead; to which it was an-
swered, "No, madam, but he is buried." In 1733 he was
appointed Chaplain to the Lord-Chancellor Talbot; and
in three years afterwards he was made clerk of the closet
to her Majesty. In 1738 he was raised to the Bishopric
of Bristol, and in 1750 was translated to the See of Dur-
ham. In the following year he delivered to the clergy of
his diocese a charge, in which he sets forth the great
value of external forms and institutes in religion. This
charge was published, and elicited a pamphlet from an
anonymous writer, entitled, A Serious Inquiry into the
Use and Importance of External Religion, occasioned by
some passages in the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of
Durham's Charge to the Clergy of that Diocese. He was
a man of uncommon liberality of disposition, and ex-
pended £4000 in the repairs and embellishment of the
episcopal palace at Bristol-which was a larger sum than
he received from the bishopric during his continuance in
the see. He one day asked his steward how much money
was in the house; to which it was answered, "Five hun-
dred pounds." "Five hundred pounds!" exclaimed the
The last edit. of his works, with a Preface by Bishop Hali-
fax, was pub. in 1849, 2 vols. 8vo, at the Oxf. Univ. Press.
We now come to speak of that great work, which will
secure the veneration of the world for the name of Butler,
as long as either religion or philosophy are held in esteem
by mankind. The Analogy of Religion, Natural and
Revealed, to the constitution and course of nature, ap-
peared in the same year in which the author was made
clerk of the closet to Queen Caroline. This work is less
surprising when considered as the production of the same
mind which twenty-five years before (when Butler was a
youth of nineteen at the Tewkesbury Academy) had asto-
tions on his Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of
nished Doctor Clarke with the profundity of its disquisi-
God. It has been remarked that "the same reach and
sagacity of intellect which characterize all Butler's subse-
quent performances are exhibited to the greatest advan-
tage in these letters to Dr. Clarke."
"Bishop Butler is one of those creative geniuses who give a cha-
racter to their times. His great work, The Analogy of Religion,
tury. and will continue to be studied so long as the language in
has fixed the admiration of all competent judges for nearly a cen-
which he wrote endures. The mind of a master pervades it....
There are in his writings a vastness of idea, a reach and generaliza-
tion of reasoning. a native simplicity and grandeur of thought,
which command and fill the mind. . . . He is amongst the few classic
authors of the first rank in modern literature. He takes his place
with Bacon and Pascal and Newton."-BP. WILSON: Pref. to Anal.
"Of these Sermons, considered as disquisitions on the philoso-
phy of morals and religion, it is difficult to speak in terms of
proper and commensurate commendation. They exhibit a rare
combination of nearly all the excellencies of which compositions
of this class are susceptible, and are, generally, remarkably free
from most of the defects and blemishes of abstrusely argumenta-
tive sermons. They are chargeable, however, with one serious and
capital deficiency-a deficiency of evangelical sentiment."-Cun-
ningham's Biog. Hist.
Mr. Hallam, in a dissertation of considerable length
upon Bishop Cumberland's De Legibus Naturæ Disqui-
sitio Philosophica, shows under what obligations both
Butler and Paley rested to this author. (Introduction to
the Lit. Hist. of Europe.)
Butler quotes the following observation of Origen's, (Phi-
"Able and argumentative, but fitter for the closet than the local.,) and perhaps we may consider it as the text upon
which he based his Analogy:
pulpit. More useful to give habits of thinking, than to raise to
communion with God."-BICKERSTETH.
The Analogy ever "since its first publication, has been univer-
sally considered as beyond comparison the ablest treatise on the
evidences of natural and revealed religion, it is invaluable; since
philosophy of religion. As a preparation for the student of the
it both annihilates the most formidable a priori objections of the
infidel, and is admirably fitted to form the mind to the serious and
earnest pursuit of truth. To good men of a speculative turn of
mind, who are tormented by the frequent recurrence of skeptical
doubts, it has always proved an inestimable blessing; and even
infidels have been compelled to acknowledge its superlative excel-
lence as a piece of reasoning.”
"He who believes the Scriptures to have proceeded from Ilim who
is the author of Nature. may well expect to find the same sort of
difficulties in it as are found in the constitution of Nature.”
"Others bad established the historical and prophetical grounds
of the Christian Religion, and that sure testimony of its truth
which is found in its perfect adaptation to the heart of man: it
was reserved for him to develope its analogy to the constitution
and course of nature; and, laying his strong foundations ir the
depth of that great argument, there to construct another and irre
fragable proof, thus rendering Philosophy subservient to Faith;
and finding in outward and visible things, the type and evidence
Bristol Cathedral.
of them within_the_vail.”—From the Epitaph on his Monument in
¿
"To a mind disposed to view with calmness, humility, and re-
verence, the whole system of providence, so far as it is permitted
to man to view the work which God maketh from the beginning
to the end.' Dr. Butler has unfolded the analogy, or relation of the
course of nature to religion, by which all things are found to pro-
ceed in harmony from Him. who hath made nothing imperfect. I
think this great performance of Butler has peculiar force, when it
is considered in the conclusion of our religious researches, and not
as part of the original proofs: or as Lord Bacon expresses himself,
Tanquam portum et Sabbathum humanarum contemplationum
omnium.' De Aug. Scientiar,, lib. iii.]"-Pursuits of Literature.
Dr. Chalmers pronounces Bishop Butler's Sermons to
contain
<
"The most precious repository of sound ethical principles extant
in any language.”
But Dr. Wardlaw, in his Christian Ethics, designates
Bishop Butler's moral system as that "of Zeno baptized
into Christ."
$13
BUT
BUT
"That there is such a thing as a course of nature none ca. deny.
This, therefore, is the ground on which Butler takes his stand,
whereon he fixes a lover that shakes the strongholds of unbelief
even to their foundation; for on comparing this scheme of nature
with the scheme of revelation, there is found a most singular cor-
respondence between the several parts,-such a correspondence as
gives very strong reason for believing that the author of one is the
author of both.
'What if earth
Be but the shadow of heaven, and things therein
Each to each other like, more than on earth is thought.""
See Quarterly Review, vol. xliii. 182.
"No author has made a more just and a more happy use of this
mode of reasoning than Bishop Butler, in his Analogy of Religion.
In that excellent work the author does not ground any of the
truths of religion upon analogy as their proper evidence; he only
makes use of analogy to answer objections against them. When
objections are made against the truths of religion, which may be
made with equal strength against what we know to be true in the
course of nature. such objections can have no weight."-Reid's
Essays on the Intellectual Pinvers.
Dr. Reid also notices in his Active Powers, Essay 3d,
the important distinction which Bp. Butler makes
Between sudden anger or resentment, which is a blind impulse,
arising from our constitution. and that which is deliberate. The
first may be raised by hurt of any kind: but the last can only be
raised by injury, real, or conceived. Both these kinds of anger or
resentment are raised whether the hurt or injury be done to our
selves, or to those we are interested in.”
To the Analogy are appended two dissertations: 1. On
Personal Identity. 2. On the Nature of Virtue. In the
first, Mr. Locke's account of personal identity is considered
and
··
"Refuted in a style which shows that had he concentrated his
attention upon the philosophy of the human mind, he might have
eclipsed the fame of some of the greatest metaphysicians. In the
second. he propounds and illustrates with great perspicuity the
same theory of virtue on which he had before insisted in the pre-
face to his sermons."
readers; and those, too, persons of an improved taste, and culti
vated minds."
Few productions of the human mind have elicited the
labours of so many learned commentators as have em-
ployed their talents in the exposition of Butler's Analogy.
We notice the editions of (1) Duke; 2. Busby, 1840; 3
Pughe, 1842; 4. Halifax, last ed., 1844; 5. Wilson, 7th ed.,
1846; 6. Sir G. W. Craufurd, 3d ed., 1847; 7. Wilkinson,
1847 last ed., 1853; 8. Fitzgerald, 1848; 9. Hutton, last
ed., 1855; 10. Angus, 1855; 11. Gorle, 1857; 12. Steere,
1857. To these may be added the American edits.: 13.
Bishop Hobart; 14. Rev. B. F. Tefft; 15. Rev. Albert
Barnes, last ed., (Lon.,) 1851; 16. Rev. Drs. Emory and
:
Crooks, 1856; 17. Howard Malcom, D.D., 1857.
"His great work on the Analogy of Religion to the Course of
Nature, though only a commentary on the singularly original
and pregnant passage of Origen, which is so honestly prefixed to it
as a motto, is notwithstanding, the most original and profound
work extant in any language. on the Philosophy of Religion. His
ethical discussions are contained in those deep, and sometimes
and afterwards published under the name of Sermons, while he
dark Dissertations, which he preached at the Chapel of the Rolls,
youth often delights to exercise its strength in abstract reasoning,
was yet fresh from the schools, and full of that courage with which
and to push its faculties into the recesses of abstruse speculation.
In these sermons he has taught truths, more capable of being
exactly distinguished from the doctrines of his predecessors, more
satisfactorily established by him, more comprehensively applied
to particulars, more rationally connected with each other, and
therefore more worthy of the name of discovery, than any with
which we are acquainted; if we ought not, with some hesitation,
to except the first steps of the Grecian philosophers towards a
theory of morals. There are few circumstances more remark-
able than the small number of Butler's followers in Ethics; and
it is perhaps still more observable, that his opinions were not so
of style. No thinker so great was ever so bad a writer. Indeed,
much rejected, as overlooked. It is an instance of the importance
the ingenious apologies which have been lately attempted for this
defect, amount to no more than that his power of thought was too
much for his skill in language. How general must the reception
have been of truths so certain and momentous as those contained
in Butler's Discourses—with how much more clearness must they
have appeared to his own great understanding, if he had possessed
the strength and distinctness with which Hobbes enforces odious
falsehood, or the unspeakable charm of that transparent diction
which clothed the unfruitful paradoxes of Berkeley !"—SIR JAMES
MACKINTOSH: 2d Prelim. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit.
Dr. T. H. Horne, in a private letter, especially commends
From the preface to Dr. Angus's edit. (which the Rev.
as worthy of our attention) we extract the following:
<
"I know of no author who has made a more just and happy use
of analogical reasoning than Bishop Butler in his Analogy of Re-
ligion."-DR. THOMAS REID.
The most original and profound work extant in any language
on the philosophy of religion.”—SIR J. MACKINTOSH: Progress of
Eth. Phil.
••
"We think that the illustrious Bishop of Durham has exhausted
the subject[Personal Identity] by stating fairly the opinions which
he controverts, and by establishing his own upon a foundation
which cannot be shaken, and which are certainly not injured by
the objections of Mr. Cooper.”—Encyc. Brit.
Our eminent author has been compared with the cele-
brated American philosopher-Jonathan Edwards.
“Mr. Edwards comes nearer Bishop Butler as a philosophical
divine than any other theologian with whom we are acquainted.
His style, like Butler's, is very much that of a man thinking aloud.
In both these authors. the train of thinking in their own minds is
more clearly exhibited to us than perhaps by any other author,
whilst they show us with great truth and distinctness, what their
notions are, and how they came by them, with very little concern
about the form of expression in which they are conveyed. Butler,
however, had a larger mind than Edwards, and was by no means
so much of a mere dialectician. If. therefore, he be less acute than
the American, he is more comprehensive, and gives fairer play to
every opposing argument."-Encyc. Brit.
Lord Kames, speaking of devotion as being natural to
man, adds, in a note,
"The most argumentative and philosophical defence of Chris.
tianity ever submitted to the world."-LORD BROUGHAM: A Disc.
of Nat. Theol., p. 202.
"The author to whom I am under the greatest obligations is
Bishop Butler." The whole of this admirable treatise-one of the
most remarkable that any language can produco-is intended to
show that the principles of moral government taught in the Scrip
tures are strictly analogous to those everywhere exhibited in the
government of the world as seen in natural religion.”—DR. WAY
LAND: Moral Phil.. p. 5; Intell. Phil., p. 358.
"See this principle beautifully explained and illustrated in a Ser-
mon upon the Love of God, by Doctor Butler, Bishop of Durham.—
a writer of the first rank."-Sketches of the History of Man, vol. iv.
"Every reader of Butler's Sermons must be sensible, that they
Every reader of Butler's Sermons must be sensible, that they
afford an admirable proof of his sagacity in treating moral ques-
tions. We cannot but think that what he hath advanced, on the
several subjects discussed by him. is decisive; and that he ought
forever to have silenced those philosophers who resolve all human
actions into the sole principle of self-love. It should be remem-
bered, that our author's Sermons are chiefly to be considered as phi-
losophical and moral discourses. addressed to a select auditory: for
they can by no means be regarded as general models of preaching."
The obscurity of Butler's style has been frequently ob-
jected to. And yet both the Sermons and the Analogy
had received the revision of the accurate and perspicuous
Secker. Mainwaring, in his Dissertation on the Composi-
tion of Sermons, whilst he greatly commended Bishop But-
ler's writings, also refers to this imputed want of clearness
of style:
"I am ready to acknowledge that I trace so distinctly to his
writings the origin of the soundest and clearest views that I pos-
sess upon the nature of the human mind, that I could not write
upon this or any kindred subject without a consciousness that I
was, directly or indirectly. borrowing largely from him."-DR.
O'BRIEN: Sermons on the Human Nature of our Lord.
"It is from this book that I have been confirmed in many truths
of which it does not speak a word and which probably never
entered the mind of the author."-DR. MCCRIE: Life, p. 84.
Bishop Butler than I have been able to find besides in the whole
"I have derived greater aid from the views and reasonings of
Bishop Butler than I have been able to find besides in the whole
range of our extant authorship."-DR. CHALMERS: Bridgewater
Treatise, Pref.
"I am an entire disciple of Butler."-CEOIL: Remains, p. 195.
Butler, Lilly, D. D., Vicar of St. Mary, Alderman-
bury, London, 1691; Prebendary of Canterbury.
Ser-
mons, pub. senarately, 1691–1716.
"Newton and Locke, who rescued learning from the slavery of "I am more indebted to his writings than to those of any other
systems, and taught men to think for themselves, were both of the uninspired writer for the insight which I have been enabled to
laity, and both friends to revealed religion. Since their time, an- | attain into the motives of the divine economy and the foundations
other writer arose, whose vein of thinking is alike original, and of moral obligation.”—Dr. Kaye, Bishop of Lincoln:`Some Ro
whose works, though he had neither the gift of eloquence, nor the mains of, by J. B., 1858.
art of expressing himself with grace or ease, have doue honour to
his country. The method of reasoning he chiefly adopts. is an ap
peal to facts, of which all men are judges; and even when most
abstruse or abstracted, it is not perplexed or fallacious. For meta-
physics, which had nothing to support it but mere abstraction, or
shadowy speculation, Bishop Butler hath placed on the firm basis
of observation and experiment: and, by pursuing precisely the
same mode of reasoning in the science of morals, as his great pre
decessor Newton had done in the system of nature, hath formed
and concluded a happy alliance between faith and philosophy. The
Sermons he published, excepting some few of a more popular cast,
are deep disquisitions on the plan of his Analogy, well suited to a
learned audience, in an age so fond of enquiry, although the im-
propriety of preaching them appeared to him to require some
apology. But surely such an exercise of the understanding, if the
hearers are capable of it, must meliorate the heart. Besides. I
cannot but wish, that, as there is so great an abundance of the
practical sort, sorae serroons were written chiefly with a view to
Butler, Piers Edmund, Curate of St. Margaret's,
Ipswich. The Rationality of Revealed Religion illustrated
in a Series of Sermons, &c., Ipswich, 1835, 12mo.
*
Butler, Robert, M.D. Blood-letting, Lon., 1734, Svo.
Butler, S. An Essay upon Education, Lon., 8. a., 8vo.
Butler, Samuel, 1612-1680, the author of Hudibras,
was a native of Strensham, a parish in Worcestershire.
He was sent to the cathedral school in Worcestershire, and
thence, it is said, to Cambridge, but to what college is not
known. Returning home, he became a clerk to Mr. Jef-
ferics of Earls Croombe, which situation he was so fortuna le
314
BUT
BUT
as to exchange for a place in the household of Elizabeth,
Countess of Kent, where he made the acquaintance and
friendship of her ladyship's steward, the great Selden.
This intimacy was no doubt improved by Butler to his in-
tellectual profit. We subsequently find him an inmate in
the family of Sir Samuel Luke, a gentleman of Bedford-found
shire, and a commander of note under Cromwell. Sir
Samuel is the original of Hudibras. After the Restora-
tion he was made secretary to Richard, Earl of Carbury,
(the friend of JEREMY TAYLOR, q. v.,) who appointed him
steward of Ludlow Castle. He became united in marriage
about this time to a Mrs. Herbert, a lady of fortune, which
was lost by unfortunate investments. In 1663 he pub. the
1st part of Hudibras; 2d part, 1664; 3d part, 1678; more
was doubtless intended, for the poem is unfinished, and
ends abruptly. Three parts, Lon., 1700, and 1710, 1716,
1720, 12mo. With large Annotations, and a preface by
Dr. Z. Grey, and plates by Hogarth, Camb., 1744, 2 vols.
8vo, and 1819, 3 vols. 8vo. With an addit. vol. of Notes
by Dr. Nash, Lon., 1793, 3 vols. 4to; new edit., illustrated,
Lon., 1847, 2 vols. 8vo. Trans. into French by Townley,
Lon., 1757, 3 vols. 12mo, and 1819, 3 vols. 12mo, with
Notes by Larcher:
"Hudibras has been admirably translated into Voltaire's own
language by an English gentleman, (J. Townley,) whose version
displays a singular union of spirit and fidelity."
"Scarron is among French writers what Butler is amongst our
own."
Dr. Grey's edit. has been highly commended:
"The best critical edition of this author was by Dr. Grey, in
1744; a performance replete with curious, interesting, and accu-
rate historical and bibliographical intelligence. I rarely open
this book without rising
brary Companion.
Dr. Nash's edit., illustrated by 60 engraved Portraits,
and numerous fine wood-cuts, including the noted frontis-
piece styled by Dr. Dibdin, "among the miracles of modern
art," is a beautiful book:
"The introduction of so many portraits of interesting person-
ages, must give the best recommendation these volumes can ob-
tain to the library of the man of taste."-Lm. Art Union Journal.
Mr. A. Ramsay has also edited an edit. in 1 vol.:
"A careful analysis, with ample extracts; such as may be read
with pleasure by the most fastidious."-Lm. Athenæum.
In 1715 appeared what is called The Posthumous Works
of Samuel Butler, in 3 vols. 12mo. Of this collection of
50 pieces, three only are genuine. An authentic collec-
tion was pub. by Mr. R. Thyer in 1759, 2 vols. Svo, ẹn-
titled, Genuine Remains in Prose and Verse, with Notes.
"These remains do not answer my expectations, and as for the
editor, he is always in the wrong where there was a possibility of
mistaking."-BISHOP WARBURTON.
Perhaps the best of Butler's prose works are the Cha-
racters, (vol. 2d,) in the style of Earle, Hall, and Over-
bury. The best-known of his poetical pieces, after Hudi-
bras, is The Elephant in the Moon, a satire on the Royal
Society. It has been generally supposed that Butler spent
his last years in great destitution, though this has been
denied; but as his friend Mr. Longueville buried him at
his own expense, there is little doubt of the truth of this
melancholy story. Indeed, Oldham's authority settles the
question. It is known that Hudibras was "the chief en-
tertainment of Charles II., who often pleasantly quoted it
in conversation," and it is said that his majesty ordered
Butler the sum of £3000, but the order being written in
figures, somebody, through whose hands it passed, by cut-
ting off a cypher, reduced it to £300. Dr. Johnson re-
marks, "all that can be told with certainty is, that he
was poor."
46
The general design of Hudibras is borrowed from Don
Quixote. Butler's hero is a Presbyterian Justice of the
Peace, [Sir Samuel Luke,] who, in the confidence of
legal authority, and the rage of zealous ignorance, ranges
the country to repress superstition and current abuses, ac-
ecmpanied by an Independent Clerk, [Squire Ralpho,]
disputatious and obstinate, with whom he often debates,
but never conquers him."
"
“If inexhaustible wit could give perpetual pleasure, no eye
would ever leave half-read the work of Butler: for what poet has
ever brought so many remote images so happily together? It is
scarcely possible to peruse a page without finding some association
of images that was never found before. By the first paragraph the
reader is amused, by the next he is delighted, and by a few more
strained to astonishment; but astonishment is a tiresome plea-
sure; he is soon weary of wondering, and longs to be diverted."-
DR. JOHNSON: Life of Butler,
Concerning Hudibras there is but one sentiment-it is uni-
versally allowed to be the first and last poem of its kind; the
learning, wit, and humour, certainly stand unrivalled: various
dave been the attempts to describe and define the two last.
If any one wishes to know what wit and humour are. let him read
Hudibras with attention: he will there see them displayed in the
brightest colours: there is lustro resulting from the quick eluci-
dation of an object by a just and unexpected arrangement of it
with another subject: propriety of words, and thoughts elegantly
adapted to the occasion: objects which possess an affinity or con-
gruity, or sometimes a contrast to each other, assembled with
quickness and variety; in short, every ingredient of wit or of hu-
mour, which critics have discovered on dissecting them, may be
in this poem."-Rev. Dr. Nasu : Preface to Hudibras.
Sir Walter Scott describes the poetry of Butler as being
merely the comedy of that style of composition which
Donne and Cowley practised in its more serious form. See
Scott's Life of Dryden.
"Hudibras was incomparably more popular than Paradise Lost
no poem in our language rose at once to greater reputation. Nor
can this be called ephemeral, like that of most political poetry.
For at least half a century after its publication it was generally
read, and perpetually quoted. The wit of Butler has still pre-
served many lines; but IIudibras now attracts comparatively few
readers. The eulogies of Johnson seem rather adapted to what
he remembered to have been the fame of Butler, than to the feel-
ings of the surrounding generation; and since his time, new
sources of amusement have sprung up, and writers of a more in-
telligible pleasantry have superseded those of the seventeenth
century. In the fiction of Hudibras there was never much to di-
vert the reader, and there is still less left at present. But what
has been censured as a fault, the length of dialogue, which puts
the fiction out of sight. is in fact the source of all the pleasure that
the work affords. The sense of Butler is masculine, bis wit inex-
haustible, and it is supplied from every source of reading and ol
servation. But these sources are often so unknown to the reader
that the wit loses its effect through the obscurity of its allusions,
and he yields to the bane of wit, a purblind, mole-like pedantry.
His versification is sometimes spirited, and his rhymes humorous;
yet he wants that ease and flow which we require in light poetry."
-HALLAM: Introduct. to Lil. History.
Mr. Hallam's critique has not itself escaped criti-
cism, but we consider the opinions. above quoted as very
just. It may be true, as alleged, that to the historical
reader the events of the Revolution are generally well
known, but even the historian must tax his recollection in
reading Hudibras, and there can be little opportunity for
amusement when the mind is engaged in coaxing the me-
mory. Hudibras is a work to be studied once, and gleaned
occasionally. It may continue neglected, but can never
be entirely forgotten.
Butler, Samuel, 1774–1840, a native of Kenilworth,
Warwickshire, was educated at Rugby School and St. John's
College, Cambridge, where he was highly distinguished
for his classical proficiency, obtaining two of Sir William
Browne's medals for the Latin odes, and one for the Greek,
and being elected Craven scholar in 1793, against Keate,
Bethell, and Coleridge. He was elected a Fellow of his
College in 1797; appointed head-master of Shrewsbury
School, 1798; Bishop of Lichfield, 1836. The bishop pub.
a number of works, consisting of classical treatises, ser-
mons, tracts against Priestley, (pub. 1783, '84, '86; 3d edit.,
1812,) and several geographical works, which have had
large circulation.
large circulation. A new edit. of his Atlas of A. and M.
Geography, edited by his son, was pub. in 1853, 2 vols.
His most important undertaking was his edit. of Eschylus,
for which arduous duty he was specially selected about the
time of his appointment to the mastership of Shrewsbury
School. This elaborate work was pub. in 4 vols. 4to; also
in 6 vols. 8vo, 1806-12.
in 6 vols. 8vo, 1806-12. See a list of this worthy and
learned prelate's publications in the Gent. Mag., February,
1840. The Bishop's Discourse on Christian Liberty
(Shrewsbury, Svo) has been praised as
“An able sermon. This eminent scholar seems to have a clear
insight into the free constitution of Christianity. He is equally
the enemy of superstition and of intolerance."-Lon. Monthly Re
pository.
Butler, Samuel. The Australian Emigrant's Com-
plete Guide, 18mo.
"We have not seen any single work, great or small, where so
large a body of really useful and practical information was to be
found as in this little volume."-The Scotsman.
"We recommend the Australian Emigrant's Guide strongly for
perusal."-Dumfries Times.
Emigrant's Complete Guide to Canada.
"Whether we regard the amount of the information, or the
manner in which it is condensed and arranged, we thust say Mr.
Butler has done good service to the cause of Emigration."-Gren.
Advertiser.
Butler, Captain T. The Little Bible of the Man.
"Printed in the first year of England's Liberty, 1649."
In this singular little volume the progress of the Chris-
tian's Life is characterized under the several Books of the
Bible, from Genesis to Isaiah.
Butler, Thomas, Doctor of the Canon and Civil
Laws. A Treatise of the Holy Sacrifice of the Altar, called
the Masse, Lon., 1570, 16mo, from the Italian.
Butler, Thomas, M.D. A Method of procuring any
quantity of Fresh Water at Sea, Lon., 1755, 8vo.
"Dr. B.'s plan is to add a quart of strong soap leys to fifteen
gallons of salt water, which will yield twelve gallons of fresh wa
tor, by distillation."-DR, WATT: Bibl. Brit
315
BUT
BUT
Butler, Weeden, 1742-1823, a native of Margate,
was curate to the celebrated Dr. Dodd, and his successor
at Charlotte Chapel, Pimlico. He kept a classical school,
at Chelsea for 40 years, and-to his praise be it spoken-
"planned and instituted the SUNDAY SCHOOL of that pa-
rish." He pub. Sermons, 1798, '99; Memoirs of Mark
Hildesley, D.D., Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man, 1799;
of the Rev. Dr. Stanhope, Dean of Canterbury; Jortin's
Tracts, 1790, 2 vols. Svo; The Cheltenham Guide, Svo,
and Wilcock's Roman Conversations, 1797, 2 vols. 8vo.
Butler, Weeden, Jr., son of the above, and also a
divine. The French Republic and the Helvetic Body;
trans. from the French, Lon., 1794, Svo. Bagatelles, 1795,
Svo. The Wrongs of Unterwalden, trans., 1799, 8vo.
Zimao, the African; trans., Lon., 1800, 8vo; 2d edit., 1807,
12mo.
"
·
Butler, William, Prebendary of St. Paul's. Ser-
mons pub. separately, 1704, '12, '15, '19, '22, '23, '24, '29.
Butler, William, 1748-1822, a native of St. John's,
near Worcester, was long a well-known teacher of writing
and geography, and pub. several school-books which have
been used for many years in the schools of England. In-try,
troduc. to Arithmetic, 1785, 8vo. Arithmet. Questions on
a new plan, 1795, 8vo.
"In a book of common Arithmetic we did not expect to find
that variety of information which this work contains.
As a
book of
instruction and amusement,
uncon-
nected with arithmetical rules, it does honour to the compiler,
and deserves to be remembered.”—Lon. Monthly Review, vol. xxii.,
New Series.
•
•
"We have seldom seen such a quantity of useful information in
60 small a compass."-British Critic, vol. xxx.
Also see commendations in the Monthly Preceptor, vol.
vi.; European Mag., vol. i.; Dr. Willich's Domestic En-Jour., 1806.
cyclopedia; Edgeworth's Practical Education.
"It does great credit to the information and industry of its au-
thor."-Eclectic Review, vol. vi.
See also Critical Review; Monthly Review; Literary
Panorama; Gent. Mag.
Butt, John Marten. The Revelation of St. John,
Chronological, Biographical, Historical, and Miscellane-1804. Prophecy of Daniel, Lon., 1807, 18mo. The Last
ous Exercises on a new plan, designed for daily use, 1798, Vision of Daniel, 1808, 18mo. The Divinity of the Apo-
calypse, 1809, 12mo.
12mo.
Exercises on the Globes, 1798, 12mo.
"One of the best books of the kind that have come before us."
-British Critic.
"It would be difficult to fix upon any book of equal size that
contains so much interesting matter on almost every subject."-
Aiin's Annual Review, vol. vii.
See Monthly Review; Ladies' Monthly Museum; Monthly
Visiter; European Mag.
Arithmetical Tables, 1802, 32mo.
"Various tables, with which it is necessary that the minds of
both sexes should be made thoroughly acquainted."-Monthly
Visitor.
Geographical Exercises on the N. Testament, 1813, 12mo.
"He gathers flowers from the fields and gardens to strew the
path of learning, and encourage the progress of the student."-
Evangelical Mug., 1814.
See European Mag.; Literary Panorama,
Butler, William Allen, b. 1825, a native of Albany,
New York, and son of Benjamin F. Butler, late Attorney-
General of the United States, graduated at the New York
University in 1843. He travelled in Europe from July,
1846, to December, 1848, and on his return commenced
the practice of the law in the city of New York. Mr.
Butler has contributed a number of papers to the Demo-
cratic Review, and The Literary World.
"He has wit, and humour. a lively fancy, and a style natural
and flexible, abounding in felicities of expression. In general. he
writes hastily, and finishes a piece at a sitting."—Griswold's Poets
and Poetry of America.
The poetical piece entitled The Incognita of Raphael,
possesses great beauty, and will remind the reader of one
of the most celebrated compositions of modern times.
Nothing to Wear: an Episode of City Life, N. York,
1857, 18mo: many edits. in England and America.
"The nonsense, on the whole. is good nonsense; and we have
quoted it [entire] in order that the grave reader may find some
thing in to-day's number of the Athenæum that he may safely
slip if he pleases."-Lon. Athen., 1857, 1320.
2. Letters on the Development of Christian Doctrine: a
Reply to J. H. Newman, D.D., [q. v., No. 14,] edited by
Dean Woodward, Dubl., 1850, 8vo; 1854, 8vo; 1856, 8vo.
3. Letters on Romanism: a Reply to Cardinal Wiseman,
edited by Dean Woodward, Lon., 1854, Svo; 1856, 8vo.
4. Lects. on the Hist. of Ancient Philosophy, edited, with
Notes. by Wm. Hepworth Thompson, Camb., 1856, 2 vols.
8vo; Phila., 1857, 2 vols. 8vo.
"I have seen enough of them to be convinced of their great
scientific value, and am much gratified in finding so important a
subject treated with so much learning and acuteness."-SIR WM.
HAMILTON, Professor of Logic and Metaphysics, Edinburgh.
Two Millions: a Satire, 1858, 12mo. Not without merit,
but exhibiting great carelessness in versification.
Also commended by the Lon. Examiner.
Butler, William John, Vicar of Wantage. Lec-
tures on the Prophecies, 1838, 12mo. 25 Serms.. 1847.
Butler, Maj.-General William O., of Kentucky,
is the author of a number of poetical pieces; of which The
Boat Horn is one of the most popular.
Butley, John. Sermons, 1746, '48, '54, 8vo.
Butt, George. Sermons, 1775, '76, '85, '93, Svo.
Butt, Isaac. Lectures on Protection to Home Indus-
Oxf., Svo. The Poor Law Bill for Ireland Examined,
Lon., 1837, Svo.
"A clever, well-written pamphlet, which deserved more atten-
tion than it appears to have met with."-McCulloch's Lit. of Pulit.
Economy.
Butler, William Archer, 1814-1848, a native of
Annerville, near Clonmel, Ireland. He was born and edu-
cated a Roman Catholic, but became a Protestant, and
entered Trinity College, Dublin, in which institution he
was appointed (the first) Professor of Moral Philosophy in
1837. 1. Serms., with a Memoir by Rev. (Dean) Thomas
Woodward, Dubl., 1849, 8vo; 3d ed., Lon., 1855. 8vo;
Phila., 1856, 12mo; 2d Series, Camb., 1855, 8vo; Phila.,
1857, 8vo: see JEREMIE, JAMES AMERIAUX, D.D., No. 4.
Butt, J. M. Queries on the Doctrine of the Church
of England respecting Baptism, &c., Oxf., 1824, 12mo.
"A very useful little work, compiled by a sound and learned
divine."-Lowndes's Brit. Libr.
Butt, James Strode.
Mathemat. Con. to Nic.
Butt, Martha Haines, b. 1834, Va. Anti-Fanati-
cisin; a tale of the South. Contrib. to numerous journals.
Butt, R. G. 1. Appeal to the Public. 2. Sherborne
Castle, and other Poems, 1815, '16.
Butt, Thomas, Rector of Kinnersley, and Curate of
Trentham. Serms. preached in the Parish Church of
Trentham, Lon., 1838, Svo.
Buttan, Christopher, D.D. Sermon, 1808.
Butter, Alex., Surg. Con. to Edin. Med. Ess., 1734.
Butter, Mrs. H. Vensenshon; or, Love's Mazes,
1806, 3 vols.
Butter, Henry. Key to the Old Testament, 1817, 8vo.
Butter, William, M.D., 1726-1805, studied at Edin-
burgh, practised at Derby, and afterwards at London.
Cure for the Stone, Edin., 1754, 12mo. Dissertatio de
Frigore quatenus Morborum Causa, Edin., 1757, 8vo.
Dissertatio Medica et Chirurgica de Arteriotamia, Edin.,
1761, Svo. Treatise on the Infantile Remittent Fever,
Lon., 1782, 8vo. Other profess. treatises.
Butterfield. Microscopes and Magnetic Sand, Phil.
Trans., 1698, &c.
Butterfield, Henry, of Trinity Church, Newington.
Homilies for earnest Inquirers, Lon., 1839, 12mo.
Butterfield, Swithurne. A Summarie of the Prin-
ciples of Christian Religion, Lon., 1582, 8vo. Catechisme,
1590, 8vo.
Butterman, W. Arithmetical Works, 1805, '06, 12mo.
Butterworth. Works on Writing and Arithmetic.
Butterworth, John. A New Concordance and Dict
of the Holy Scriptures, 1767, '85; and 3d edit., by Dr.
Adam Clarke, with alterations, 1816, 8vo.
"This is in a great measure a judicious and valuable abridg-
ment of Mr. Cruden's Concordance. Singular pains were bestowed
by its compiler, in order to insure correctness. by collating every
word and reference in the proof sheets with the several texts of
the Bible.”—T. H. Horne's Introduc.
Butterworth, Lawrence.
Superexcellency of the
Christian Religion Displayed, &c., 1784, Svo. Thoughts
on Moral Government and Agency, 1792, 8vo. In these
treatises the views of Mr. Lindsey and Dr. Priestley are
criticized.
Buttes, Henry, Fellow of Christ Church, Oxford.
Dyet's Dry Dinner: consisting of eight seueral Courses.
1. Fruites. 2. Hearbes. 3. Flesh. 4. Fish. 5. Whit-
meats. 6. Spice. 7. Sauce. 8. Tobacco. All serued in
after the order of Time Vniuersall, Lon., 1599, 16mo.
See a portrait of the author of this curious work in
Harding's Biographical Mirror.
Button, Edward. Trans. of the Persian Tables, 1754.
Button,John. Poems, 1804, 4to, and a vol., 1809,12mo.
Button, William, a Baptist minister. Remarks on
"The Gospel of Christ worthy, &c.," 1785 12mo. A Dic-
tionary of the Bible, 1796.
316
BUT
BYG
"Button's Dict. of the Bible, compared with Brown's, is not un-
like Butterworth's Concordance compared with Cruden's: com-
prising much useful matter in a small space."-DR. E. WILLIAMS.
"By means of a very small, but clear, type, a vast quantity of
matter is comprised within the compass of this little volume. The
book, without doubt, may be serviceable to many."-British Critic,
O. S., x. 201.
Buttonshaw, Thomas. A Defense of Bishop
Hoadly's Plain Account of the Nature and End of the
Lord's Supper, Lon., 1747, 8vo.
Butts, Robert, Bishop of Norwich, 1732, '33, trans.
to Ely, 1738. Sermon on the Accession, 1712, 4to; ditto
before the House of Lords, 1737, 4to. Charge to his
Clergy, 1740, 4to.
Buxton, Charles. Memoirs of Sir Thomas Fowell
Buxton, Bart., with selections from his correspondence, by
his son; 3d edit., Lon., 1851, 8vo.
"The editor has been contented to rely as far as possible on the
correspondence and diaries in his possession, and the anecdotes
furnished by a few elder friends: but both classes of material well
deserved in this case the advantage of a neat setting, and have re-
•
ceived it.. It is highly creditable for his son to have produced
thus early a biography generally clear, yet seldom profuse-and
though shewing entire sympathy with the course portrayed,
hardly ever using language that will offend any candid reader."
Lon. Quarterly Review, June, 1848.
"One of the most thoroughly well-written pieces of biography
that have issued from the modern press."-Evangelical Mug.
"The memoirs will teach the world to do full justice to the cha-
racter of a true English gentleman."-Lon. Daily News.
Vide post.
Buxton, Isaac, M.D. Regulated Temperature for
Invalids' Chambers, Lon., 1810, 8vo.
Buxton, Jarvis Baring, late Rector of St. John's
Church, Fayetteville, N. Carolina. Parish Serms., N. Y., Svo.
"The style of these discourses is nervous and unambitious:
they are marked by sincerity and piety, and a full persuasion that
the preacher is delivering to his hearers the true meaning of the
Sacred Scriptures. It is an excellent volume for the instruction
of the laity, and should find its place in every parish library. The
younger clergy may with profit master the sound doctrine here
contained, and study to catch the glow of spirit and the devotion
to the church which are exhibited on every page.”—New York
Churchman.
Buxton, Richard. Guide to Flowering Plants near
Manchester, Lon., 1849, 12mo.
Buxton,
Sir Thomas Fowell, 1786-1845, one of
the noblest examples of philanthropic zeal of modern
times, was a native of Earl's Colne, Essex: M.P. for
Weymouth, 1818-1837; created a baronet, 1840. In con-
junction with his sister-in-law, Elizabeth Fry, and his
brother-in-law, Mr. Hoare, he personally laboured in the
important cause of Prison Discipline. As the successor
of William Wilberforce, in his praiseworthy efforts to
abolish the Slave Trade, Mr. Buxton's persevering and
successful labours are well known. He pub. an Inquiry
whether Crime and Misery are Produced or Prevented by
our Present System of Prison Discipline, Lon., 1818, Svo;
4th edit., Edin., 1818, Svo; and a treatise on the African
Slave-Trade, Svo; several edits.
We need such examples of noble disinterestedness as
Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton to cheer our hopes of humanity,
by proving to us that the world is not "wholly given to
[self] idolatry."
Buy, William. Narrative of the Second Siege of
Zaragossa; from the Spanish, Lon., 1809, 8vo.
Buxton, William. Ship-Owner's Manual of Mercan-
tile Marine, Lon., 1852, 12mo.
Buyers, William, missionary at Benares. Recol-
lections of Northern India, 1840, 8vo. Letters in India,
with Special Reference to the Spread of Christianity,
1848, 12mo.
"Such a practical manual was much needed as a guide to mis-
sionaries, and as a means of instruction to the friends of missions
in general."-Lon. Evangelical Mag.
Byam, Francis. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1755: Im-
pression on a Stone; Quantity of Rain in Antigua.
Byam, Henry, D.D., 1580-1669, a native of Somer-
setshire, was entered of Exeter College, Oxford, 1697;
elected a student of Christ Church, 1699; Prebendary of
Exeter, 1631. He was distinguished for his loyalty, and
four of his five sons were captains in the royal army. His
wife and daughter were drowned in flying from the rebels.
During the Rebellion he was deprived of his dignities, but
after the Restoration was made Canon of Exeter, and Pre-
bendary of Wells. He was the father of the governor
alluded to in Southern's play of Oroonoko, whom Mrs.
Behn satirizes. A Sermon, Lon., 1628, 8vo. Thirteen
Sermons; most of them preached before Charles II. in his
exile; with a life of the author, by Mr. Ward, Lon.,
1675, 8vo.
6+
For sanctity of life, for learning, charity, and loyalty, scarce
to be equall'd by any in the age he lived."—Athen. Oxon.
Byerley, John Scott. Novels, dramatic, poetical,
and political pieces, 1803-14. The Prince: trans. from
the Italian of Machiavelli; to which is prefixed an Intro-
duction, showing the close analogy between the Principles
of Machiavelli, and the Actions of Bonaparte, 1810, 8vo.
"To translate The Prince' of Machiavelli is to write the life of
Bonaparte, and the Secret History of the Court of St. Cloud.”—
Vide Introduction.
"In 1840 he was created a baronet.—a dignity to which his
public character and large private fortune well entitled him, but
which he accepted rather as an acknowledgment of merit rendered
valuable by the slanderous attacks which had been made upon
him than as an object of personal ambition. No man was more
exempt from vanity than Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton: his manners
were too plain and his mind was too elevated for such a puerility.
Buxton's great merit as a public man consisted in his industry, his
energy, and his straightforward honesty of purpose. He never
affected display, for he had the good taste to despise it; yet he was
always favourably heard, not only because he was the acknow-
ledged head of the religious party, but because his statements
were stamped with authority: they were known and felt to be
true, and they were put forward with a manner and perspicuitya
which essentially belong to truth. It was his principle to addressing
bimself to the understanding and not to the passions of his au-
dience; and he rarely failed eventually in producing conviction.
He was ominently a religious man; and those who knew him
privately can testify to the earnestness and humble faith with
which he always submitted the event of his important labours
with pious resignation to the will of God. He was a faithful and
affectionate member of the Church of England: but he was not
the man to regard sectarian differences as of importance where he
found hand and heart united in zealous effort for the good of man-
kind. Although he had selected for himself a peculiar path of
charity, he was liberal in his support of all benevolent instituit
tions, and particularly of the Bible and Missionary Societies and
such as had for their objects the education and improvement
of the poor."—Obituary notice in Lon. Gent. Mag., May, 1845,
545-546.
►
Byfield, Adoniram, a zealous "Commonwealth-
man," satirized in Hudibras. The Grand Debate between
Presbytery and Independency; with other tracts, Lon.,
1652, 4to.
Byfield, Nathaniel, 1653-1733, Member of the
Council of Massachusetts. Account of the Revolution in
New England; together with the Declaration of the Gentle-
men, Merchants, and Inhabitants of Boston, &c., 1689, 4to.
Byfield, Nicholas, b. about 1579. d. 1652, a native
of Warwickshire, was an eminent Puritan divine. He be-
came a servitor of Exeter College in 1579, was invited to
be pastor of St. Peter's Church, Chester, and subsequently,
in 1615, Vicar of Isleworth. Exposition of the Epistle to
the Colossians, Lon., 1615, fol. This contains "the sub-
stance of neare seven years' weeke-dayes."
"It is full of good sense and spiritual savour, and abounds with
torical dress."-DR. E. WILLIAMS.
pertinent citations of Scripture, without any pretensions to ora
"It bas much spiritual instruction.”—BICKERSTETH.
Serm. on the 1st chap. of 1st Peter, 1617, 4to. Essay
concerning the Assurance of God's Love and Man's Sal-
vation, 1614, Svo. The Marrow of the Oracles of God, &c.,
1622, 12mo. Sermon on the 1st Epistle General of Peter,
1623, 4to. Exposition of the Apostles' Creed, 1626, 4to.
A Commentary on the first Chapters of 1st Peter, 1637, fol.
"An excellent Puritan exposition."-BICKERSTETH.
Other treatises.
"He was a strict observer of the Lord's Day, and preached and
wrote for the sincere observance of it.”—Athen, Özen.
"He was a man of a profound judgment, strong memory, sharp
wit, quick invention, and unwearied industry. .. He had a sin-
gular gift in diving into the depths of those points which he un-
dertook to handle."-GOUGE.
Byfield, Richard, d. 1664, half-brother to the above,
Puritan divine, obtained the living of Long-Ditton dur-
the Commonwealth ejected at the Restoration. The
Light of Faith, and Way of Holiness, Lon., 1630, 8vo.
Doctrine of the Sabbath Vindicated, 1632, 4to. The Power
of the Christ of God, 1641, 4to. Sermons, and other treatises.
Wood, no favourer of Puritans, calls Byfield ironically
"A leading man for carrying on the blessed cause, a reformer
of his church of superstition (as he called it) by plucking up the
steps leading to the altar. and levelling it lower than the rest of
the chancel. by denying his parishioners (particularly his patron
that gave him L. Ditton) the sacrament, unless they would take
any way except kneeling. He was one of the assemb. of divines,
a great covenanter, an eager preacher against bishops, ceremonies,
&c."-Athen. Oxon.
Byfield, T. Medical treatises, Lon., 1684, 'S5, 'S7, '95.
Byfield, T. A Closet Piece: The Experimental
Knowledge of the Ever-Blessed Father, Son, and Holy
Ghost, according to Revelation in the Holy Scriptures,
Lon., 1721, 8vo.
Bygod, Francis. His Epistle to his Treatise con-
cerning Impropriations of Benefices. See at the end of
H. Spelman's work on Tithes.
317
BYL
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|
Byland, William. The Mechanic's Guide, 1797, 8vo.
Byles, Sir John B. A Practical Treatise on the Law
of Bills of Exchange, Promissory Notes, Bank Notes,
Bankers' Cash Notes, and Checks, &c., Lon., 1829, 12mo;
7th ed., 1857; 4th Amer. from the 7th Lon. ed., by Hon.
George Sharswood, Phila., 1856, 8vo.
"An able and carefully-written treatise, but too concise for the
purpose of general reference."-Marvin's Leg dl Bibl.
Marvin's remark refers to the English edit. of 1843.
Moreover, a work of this kind must necessarily be "con-
cise," in order to answer the purpose designed. We quote
This edition has been introduced as a text-book into the
law school of Harvard Coll. and the University of Virginia.
It is a fact worthy to be recorded, that Sir John B. Byles,
in the 7th edition of his valuable work, has incorporated
the Notes of Judge Sharswood. Sophisms of Free Trade
and Political Economy Examined; Sth ed., 1851, 12mo.
Observations on the Usury Laws, Lon., 1845, 8vo. The
author advocates the French system.
some notices of the last American edition:
"I have had occasion to look into Byles on Bills and Promissory
Notes, with some care, and to examine the Notes of Judge Shars-
wood. The English work is undoubtedly an excellent one; and
is particularly convenient for reference. from its arrangement and
condensation. And the notes of American decisions, by Judge
Sharswood, display much research and correct judgment on his
part. and add greatly to the value of this edition."-R. B. TANEY,
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
"The law of bills of exchange and promissory notes, every-
where in this trafficking and commercial country, claims much of
cach practising lawyer's time and learning; and we have hereto-
fore had some excellent treatises from men abundantly able, and
wonderfully patient and industrious-as Bavley, Chitty, and Story
-but no treatise has commanded so immediate and so continued
regard from the bar as Serjeant Byles's. The learned American
editor has judged well in annotating a treatise less cumbrous than
Chitty, more neat and exact than Story, and more modern than
Bayley, and perhaps quite as meritorious. The editorial depart-senting on a large scale the Sepulchral Temples of Etruria, with
"The above is a very interesting and well-executed work, repre-
Byres, James. Hypogai; or Sepulchral Caverns
of Tarquinia, the Capital of Ancient Etruria, 41 engrav-
ings, with descriptions, edited by Frank Howard; 5 parts,
imp. fol., Lon., 1842.
the curious ancient paintings and sculpture preserved therein.
The author, James Byres, Esq., of Tonley, Aberdeenshire, was
nearly forty years antiquarian president at Rome."
ment leaves little to be desired. The cases have been selected, and
arranged, and digested, with a view of aiding and illustrating the
principles stated in the text: the work is neither encumbered with
copious cases, cheaply borrowed from the digests, nor is it swollen
by an amplified discussion of the grounds of the cases familiar to
all the practitioners, and to be found in the horn-books of the law."
-American Law Register, December, 1853.
Byles, Mather, D.D., 1706-1788, a native of Boston,
New England, and minister there, was a man of consider-
able note in his day. Pope presented him with the Odys-
sey, and Dr. Watts transmitted his works to him as they
were pub. Dr. Byles himself had some pretensions to the
character of poet. He pub. A Poem on the Death of
George I., &c., 1727. A poet. Epistle to Gov. Belcher on
the Death of his Lady, 1736. Miscellaneous Poems, 1744.
Occasional Sermons, pub. separately, 1729-71.
"He possessed an uncommon talent in making poems; his ima-
gination was fertile. and his satire koen; his poetry evinces a rich
fancy, and the versification is polished."
Byne, Marquis. The Scornfull Quakers Answered,
and their Railing Confuted; with a Reply to Lawson's
Answer to XXXVIII. Questions, Lon., 1656, 4to.
Byng, Sir George, afterwards Lord Viscount
Torrington, 1663-1733. Expedition to Sicily in the
years 1718, '19, '20, Lon., 1739, Svo.
Byng, Honourable John, Admiral of the Blue, 4th
son of the above, 1704–1757, a victim to political persecu-
tion, and martyr to the "12th Article of War." His De-
fence as presented by him, and read in the Court, 1756,
8vo. His Trial, 1756, fol. His Trial, Defence, and an
Appendix, 1756, Svo.
Bynner, Henry. The Trial of John Binns for Se-
dition, at the Assize for the County of Warwick, August
12, 1797, 1797, 8vo.
Bynns, Richard, Prebendary of Lichfield. Ser-
mons, 1701, '10, '39.
Byon, John.
An Account of the Sufferings of the
French Protestants in the Galleys, Lon., 1712, 8vo.
Byrch, William. Death of Q. Caroline; Sermon,
1737, 8vo.
Byrche, William, D.D., Chaplain to the Archbishop
of Canterbury, and Chancellor of Worcester. Consecra-
tion of Bishop Chandler; serm. 1 Tim. iii. 7, 1717, Svo.
Byrchenska, Rich. Discourse upon the Defeat of
the Rebels Tyrone and Odonell, 1602, 4to. In verse.
Byrd, Josias. Serm. Canticles. ii. 10, Oxon., 1613, 4to.
Byrd, Samuel. Dialogue betweene Paule and De-
mas, 1580.
brated canon, Non nobis Domine, has been ascribed to him,
although some claim it for Palustrina.
Byrd, William. Con. to Phil. Trans. 1697. Account
of a dappled Negro Boy.
Byrd, or Bird, William, 1543-1623, a very eminent
composer of sacred music, organist of Lincoln Cathedral,
1583; a gentleman of the Chapel Royal, 1569; subse-
quently organist to Queen Elizabeth. Some of his pieces
are recorded in Lowndes's Bibl. Manual, and a fuller ac-
count will be found in Burney's Hist. of Music. The cele
Byrdall, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1668.
Byrde, John, d. 1556, a native of Coventry, educated
at Oxf., Bishop of Bangor, 1539; of Chester, 1541. Queen
Mary deprived him of his bishopric on account of his be
ing married. He became suffragan to Bishop Bonner, and
Vicar of Dunmow, Essex. He was a zealous opponent of
the doctrine of the Pope's supremacy, but Strype says that
he endeavoured to dissuade the martyr Bilney from be-
coming a Protestant. He was the author of Lectures on
the Epistles of St. Paul; De Fide Justificante, lib. i.
Learned Homilies; an Epicede in prosc.
"He was a person King Henry VIII. made use of: for in the
year 1535, he, with Bishop Fox, the almoner, and Bedel, a clerk
of the council, were sent to Queen Catherine, divorced from the
king, to forbear the name of queen, which nevertheless she would
not do." See Athen. Oxon.
Byres, James. Of the Extraordinary Heats at Rome
in 1768, Phil. Trans., 1768.
Byrne, M., Surgeon in the U. S. Army. An Essay
to prove the contagious Character of Malignant Cholera,
with brief Instructions for its Prevention and Cure, 8vo,
2d edit., Phil., 1855.
"The method, style, doctrine, and practical wisdom, entitle it to
the careful perusal of every practitioner in the country."-DR. J.
K. MITCHELL, Professor of the Practice of Medicine in Jefferson Med.
Coll., Phil.
Byrom, John, 1691-1763, a native of Kersall, near
Manchester, England, was admitted a pensioner of Trinity
College, Cambridge, at the age of 16; took his degree of
the Spectator, No. 603, excited great and deserved admira-
B. A., 1711. His pastoral of Colin and Phoebe, pub. in
the daughter of the great Bentley, master of Trinity Col-
tion. It is asserted that Phoebe was intended for Joanna,
lege. This young lady married Bishop Cumberland, and
was the mother of the celebrated William Cumberland.
Byrom had before contributed to The Spectator two excel-
lent papers on Dreaming, under the name of John Shadow:
see Nos. 586 and 593. Byrom was chosen Fellow of his
college, and soon after took his degree of Master of Arts.
Not designing to take holy orders, he vacated his fellow-
ship, and travelled for some time in, France. Returning
home, he married his cousin, which displeasing his father
and uncle, the young couple were thrown upon their own
resources for a livelihood. Byrom now gave lessons in
stenography, and pub. two treatises upon the subject, 1767,
and Phil. Trans., 1748. (See the Encyclopædias of Rees
and Nicholson for an account of Byrom's system.) By the
death of a brother he came into possession of the family
estate, and spent the rest of his days in the enjoyment of
competence. An Epistle to a Gentleman of the Temple,
1749. Enthusiasm; a Poem, 1751. The Contest, [between
Blank Verse and Rhyme,] 1755, Svo. Universal Short
Hand, 1767 and Phil. Trans., 1748. Miscellaneous Poems,
1773, 2 vols. 8vo.
"He always found it easier to express his thoughts in verse than
in prose.... With such an attachment to rhyme, he wrote with
ease: it is more to his credit that he wrote in general with correct-
ness, and that his mind was stored with varied imagery and original
turns of thought, which he conveys in flowing measure, always
delicate, and often harmonious. In his Dialogue on Contentment,
and his Poem On the Fall of Man, in answer to Bishop Sherlock,
in the occasional adoption of quaint conceits he appears to have
he strongly reminds us of Pope in the celebrated Essay, although
followed the example of the earlier poets. Of his long pieces, per-
haps the best is Enthusiasm, which is distinguished by superior
information, and a glow of vigorous fancy suited to the subject."
If the reader be unacquainted with Colin and Phoebe,
and wish to realize what the Eastern monarch sighed for
in vain "a new pleasure"-let him or her immediately
refer to the Spectator, No. 603, and read this sweet pastoral.
Byrom's poems will be found in Johnson and Chalmers's
English Poets, 1821, 21 vols. r. Svo, and his life in Biog.
Brit., and Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Byrom, John. Assize serm., Rom. xiii. 1, 1681, 4to.
Byron, Miss. The English Woman: a Novel, 1805,
5 vols. Hours of Afluence, and Days of Indigence, 1809,
2 vols. The Modern Villa, and the Ancient Castle, 1810,
3 vols. 12mo. The Englishman, 1811, 6 vols. 12mo. Bache.
818
BYR
BYR
lor's Journal, inscribed (without permission) to the Girls
of England, 1814, 2 vols. 12mo.
"An ingenious history of feelings and observations, displaying
some knowledge of human nature, and written in a creditable style,
yet having so little either of plot or story, that most readers will
wish the bachelor to have abridged his journal."-Lon. Monthly
Review, 1815.
Byron, Mrs. Anti-Delphine; a Novel, 1806, 2 vols.
12mo. Drelincourt and Rodalvi; or Memoirs of two Noble
Families, 1807, 3 vols. 12mo.
"The title-page of this work seemed to threaten us with a tale
of horror, and the preface added to our fears. We were happy,
however, to find the author speedily indulging in a sportive rather
than a terrific humour; and to meet also some just reflections
arising, naturally from the scenes portrayed by fancy of the
Review,
The Borderers, 1812, 3 vols. 12mo.
Byron, George Anson, Lord, successor to the suc-
ceeding, and seventh Lord Byron. A Narrative of the
Voyage of his Majesty's Ship Blonde to the Sandwich Is-
lands, in 1824, '25, 4to, with plates.
Byron, George Gordon, Lord, January 22, 1788-
April 19, 1824, was the only child of Captain John Byron
of the Guards, and Miss Catherine Gordon of Gight, in
Aberdeenshire. The celebrated Admiral Byron was grand-
father to the subject of our memoir.
"It has been said of Lord Byron that he was prouder of being a
descendant of those Byrons who accompanied William the Con-
queror into England, than of having been the author of Childe
Harold and Manfred."
The name of Ralph de Burun occurs in Doomsday-book
among the principal tenants of Nottinghamshire; and his
descendants, the Lords of Horestan Castle, held large pos-
sessions in Derbyshire and Lancashire. The name of
Byron acquired fresh distinction at the siege of Calais un-
der Edward III., and in the fields of Cressy, Bosworth, and
Marston Moor. In the reign of Henry VIII., on the dis-
solution of the monasteries, the church and priory of New-
stead, with the lands adjoining, were by royal grant con-
ferred upon "Sir John Byron the Little, with the great
beard." At the coronation of James I. his grandson was
made a Knight of the Bath, and in the year 1643, (temp.
Charles I..) Sir John Byron, "great-grandson of him who
succeeded to the rich domains of Newstead," was created
Baron Byron of Rochdale, in the county of Lancaster.
This honour was well deserved, for
"Sir John Biron, afterward Lord Biron, and all his brothers,
bred up in arms and valiant men in their own persons, were all
passionately the king's."-Cəl. Hutchinson's Memoirs.
Col. Hutchinson was cousin-german to Sir Richard Bi-
ron, and when the latter advised him to surrender his cas-
tle, he returned an answer that
"Except he found his own heart prone to such treachery, he
might consider there was, if nothing else, so much of a Biron's
blood in him, that he should very much scorn to betray or quit a
trust he had undertaken.”
|
for a little discomposure of temper, when she finds that she
has fallen a prey to a profligate fortune-hunter, who re-
duces her in a few years from a splendid establishment to
£150 per annum! With such an unpromising honeymoon,
we need not wonder that the union proved to be such only
in name, and in a short time even the name was sacrificed
to embittered passionɛ, and "Mad Jack Byron” returned
to his bachelor life, only visiting the wretched woman
whom he almost beggared, for the purpose of extorting
more money from her scanty purse. At his last visit he
did not leave Aberdeen until he had succeeded in wringing
from her a sufficient sum to defray his expenses to Valen-
ciennes, where in the year following, (1793,) to the relief
of his wife in particular, and human nature in general, he
terminated his most unprofitable existence. His widow
was violently affected at the news of his death, for she
never lost her affection for him; and when the young By-
ron's nurse would meet the Captain in her walks, the de-
serted and injured, but still loving, wife, would" inquire
with the tenderest anxiety as to his health and looks.”
How common is it to blame this unfortunate woman as the
cause of the mental, if not the moral, obliquities of the
future poet; but is it not charitable to suppose that such &
melancholy reverse of fortune, effected too by such means,-
so bitter a disappointment in the object of her affections,
who, too, was "unmanly enough to taunt her with the in-
conveniences of that penury which his own extravagance
had occasioned,"—is it not charitable to suppose that health
of mind may have been impaired, where the heart had suf-
fered so much?
At the battle of Edgehill there were no less than seven
brothers of the Byron family on the field. William, third
Lord Byron, succeeded his father, Richard, second Lord
Byron, in 1679. About 1750 the shipwreck and sufferings
of the Hon. John (afterwards Admiral) Byron, second son
of William, fourth Lord Byron, excited the public attention
and sympathy. In 1765 the name was brought less credit-
ably into notice, by the trial before the House of Peers,
of the fifth Lord Byron, for killing in a duel, or rather,
hasty quarrel, his relative, Mr. Chaworth. His lordship
was indicted for murder, and only saved from the penalty
attendant on manslaughter by pleading his peerage. He
passed the rest of his life in seclusion at Newstead Abbey,
dying in 1798, when the title and estates of the family were
inherited by the subject of our memoir. The admiral's
only son, John, became a captain of the Guard. He was
conspicuous as one of the handsomest and most dissipated
men of his time, and known familiarly as "Mad Jack By-
ron.' In his 27th year he was the cause of a divorce be-
tween the Marquis and Marchioness of Carmarthen, and
married the lady himself. She survived their union but
two years.
Their only child was a daughter, Augusta By-
ron, afterwards the wife of Colonel Leigh. In the year
following the death of his first wife. Captain Byron mar-
ried Miss Catherine Gordon, only child and heiress of
George Gordon, Esq., of Gight, in Aberdeenshire. The
marriage was one of "convenience" on the part of the
groom, and he soon found it convenient to sacrifice her
estate to the importunities of his creditors: within two
years Miss Gordon's very large property, (the estate alone
being sold for £17,850,) with the exception of a trifle, was
thus swallowed up. Mrs. Byron's acerbity of disposition
has become world-renowned, but we think that her bridal
experience should not be omitted when her character is to
bo weighed. Even a very amiable heiress may be pardoned
"}
We will make one concession to the modern apologists
for Lord Byron's character: bad as he was, he certainly
was a better man than his father.
In 1798 the fifth Lord Byron, his great-uncle, died with-
out issue, and George, then ten years of age, succeeded to
the title and estates of his family. He was now placed
the sister of the late Lord Byron. The young nobleman
under the care of the Earl of Carlisle, who had married
was placed at Harrow School, where he was more distin-
guished for his love of manly sports than for any devotion
assembled at the Hall of Annesley, the residence of the
to study. When 16 years of age he was one of a party
Chaworth family. Miss Chaworth was then eighteen, and
a young lady of rare loveliness. Young Byron saw and
loved. The affections of the lady were, however, already
engaged, and had it been otherwise, the youthful lover
seems to have had but a doubtful prospect of success.
By-
ron's admiration had been sufficiently obvious to its object,
and, it would appear, to others; for he was doomed to the
mortification of hearing her remark-or being informed
of the speech by some good-natured friend—“Do you think
I could care any thing for that lame boy?" This sarcasm
was like a shot through his heart. Though late at night when
knowing whither he ran. never stopped till he found himself at
he heard it, he instantly darted out of the house, and, scarcely
Newstead."-Moore's Life of Byron.
<<
It is a curious fact that neither Lord Byron nor his bio-
grapher. Mr. Moore, seems to have been aware that Wil-
liam, third Lord Byron, who (more successful than his
kinsman) married,, some time before 1679, Elizabeth,
daughter of John. Lord Chaworth, was also a poet. See
Thomas Shipman's Carolina, or Loyal Poems, 1683, Svo.
When between sixteen and seventeen, Byron was entered
of Trinity College, Cambridge, and here he wasted the
hours, which properly employed would have secured to
him a solid foundation of learning, in reckless profligacy.
He quitted college at nineteen, and took up his residence
at the family-seat of Newstead Abbey, and here he pre-
pared for publication a number of his early productions,
under the title of Hours of Idleness; A Series of Poems,
Original and Translated. By George Gordon, Lord Byron,
a Minor, Svo, pp. 200, Newark, 1807. There was very
little in this collection to attract more than passing notice,
and notwithstanding some striking stanzas, it would, if
the author had written nothing else, have hardly survived
its year; but the Edinburgh Review thought a young lord
too good a mark to be despised, and they forthwith served
him up for the entertainment of a public who had learned
to relish their highly-spiced dishes.
"The poesy of this young lord belongs to the class which neither
gods nor men are said to permit. Indeed we do not recollect to have
seen a quantity of verse with so few deviations from that exact stand-
ard. His effusions are spread over a dead flat, and can no more get
above or below the level, than if they were so much stagnant water.
As an extenuation of this offence, the noble author is peculiarly for-
ward in pleading minority... He possibly means to say, See how a
minor can write! This poem was actually composed by a young man
of eighteen, and this by one of only sixteen! But, alas, we all re
member the poetry of Cowley at ten, and Pope at twelve: and so far
from hearing, with any degree of surprise, that very poor verser
•
319
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wore written by a youth from his leaving school to his leaving
college, inclusive, we really believe this to be the most common of
all occurrences; that it happens in the life of nine men in ten who
are educated in England; and that the tenth man writes better
We counsel him that he do forthwith
•• •
•
verse than Lord Byron.
abandon poetry, and turn his talents, which are considerable, and
his opportunities, which are great, to better account.... If then,
the following beginning of a Song of bards' is by his lordship, we
venture to object to it, as far as we can comprehend it. What
form rises on the roar of clouds, whose dark ghost gleams on the
red stream of tempests? His voice rolls on the thunder; 'tis Orla,
the brown chief of Oithona. He was,' &c. After detaining this
'brown chief' some time, the bards conclude by giving him their
advice to raise his fair locks;' then to spread them on the arch
of the rainbow;' and to smile through the tears of the storm.'
Of this kind of thing there are no less than nine pages; and we
can so far venture an opinion in their favour, that they look very
like Macpherson; and we are positive they are pretty nearly as
stupid and tiresome. As our author has dedicated so large á
part of his volume to immortalize his employments at school and
college, we cannot possibly dismiss it without presenting the reader
with a specimen of these ingenious effusions. In an ode with a
Greek motto, called Granta, we have the following magnificent
•
stanzas:
•
•
"There in apartments small and damp,
The candidate for college prizes
Sits poring by the midnight lamp,
Goes late to bed, yet early rises.
Who reads false quantities in Sele,
Or puzzles o'er the deep triangle;
Depriv'd of many a wholesome meal,
In barbarous Latin doom'd to wrangle.
Renouncing every pleasing page,
From authors of historic use;
Preferring to the lettered sage
The square of the hypotenuse.
Still harmless are these occupations,
That hurt none but the hapless student,
Compared with other recreations,
Which bring together the imprudent.'
•
'Our choir would scarcely be excus'd
Even as a band of raw beginners;
All mercy now must be refus'd
To such a set of croaking sinners.
If David, when his toils were ended,
Had heard these blockheads sing before him,
To us his psalms had ne'er descended:
In furious mood he would have tore 'em.'
p. 126, 127.
"But whatever judgment may be passed on the poems of this
noble minor, it seems we must take them as we find them, and be
content; for they are the last we shall ever have from him.
It is highly improbable, from his situation and pursuits here-
after,' that he should again condescend to become an author.
··
Therefore, let us take what we get, and be thankful. What right
have we poor devils to be nice? We are well off to have got so
much from a man of this lord's station, who does not live in a
garret, but has the sway' of Newstead Abbey. Again, we say, let
us be thankful; and, with honest Sancho, bid God bless the giver,
nor look the gift-horse in the mouth."-Edin. Rev., xi. 285.
،
Doubtless the Reviewer, having thus despatched and
quietly inurned his unhappy victim, presumed that the
world had heard the last of the author of the Hours of
Idleness, in the capacity of poet. The Edinburgh had so
long had its own way in the wholesale decapitation of au-
thors, that the poor fellows had "become used to it," and
hardly ventured a respectful remonstrance. The critic was
mistaken in his man, however. Byron had no idea of tame
submission. He affected indifference, indeed:
"You have seen the Edinburgh Review, of course. I regret
Mrs. Byron is so much annoyed. For my own part, these 'paper
bullets of the brain' have only taught me to stand fire; and as I
have been lucky enough upon the whole, my repose and appetite
are not discomposed.”—Letter to Mr. Becher, March 28, 1808.
But his countenance was a more faithful index of what
was passing within:
"A friend, who found him in the first moments of excitement
after reading the article, inquired anxiously, whether he had just
received a challenge? not knowing how else to account for the fierce
defiance of his looks."
p. 123, 124, 125.
"We are sorry to hear so bad an account of the college psalmody lordship presented to Mr. Dallas, saying that he never
The copyright money paid by Mr. Murray, £600, his
as is contained in the following Attic stanzas:
would receive money for his writings, (see Dallas's Recol-
lections,) "a resolution," remarks Mr. Moore, perhaps with
some allowable esprit du corps, "he afterward wisely aban-
doned."
·
He afterwards acknowledged that he essayed to drown
his mortification in three bottles of claret after dinner, on
the day he perused this terrible critique. Nothing, he
Nothing, he
said, relieved him
"Till he had given vent to his indignation in rhyme, and after
the first twenty lines he felt himself considerably better.""
1
to see two friends shake hands. A fresh edition was
called for within a few weeks. The authors, long a suffer-
ing tribe, rejoiced in their new champion, delighted that
the reviewers had found a "foeman worthy of their steel,”
whilst the public generally, who had before laughed at the
victims, were now equally well pleased to laugh at the exe-
cutioners in the day of their discomfiture. The injustice
of many of the attacks in this famed satire was afterwards
acknowledged by the author himself. He calls it "a fero-
cious rhapsody," and "
cious rhapsody," and "a miserable record of misplaced
anger and indiscriminate acrimony." Jeffrey was attacked
with the greatest severity; but the author was mistaken
in ascribing the critique which displeased him to this quar-
ter, Lord Brougham being really answerable for it. After
passing through four editions, his lordship suppressed his
satire. In 1809 he concluded to travel on the continent,
and left home accompanied by his friend and fellow-colle-
gian, John Cam Hobhouse, who is still living, (1855.) Lord
Byron has given us a better idea of his peregrinations in
Greece, Turkey, &c., in the pages of Childe Harold's Pil-
grimage, than any other pen can furnish. He returned
home in June, 1811, having been absent for two years.
Shortly after his reaching England, his mother was at-
tacked by sickness, which proved fatal before he arrived
at Newstead. In 1812 appeared the first two cantos
of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage: they were eminently suc-
cessful:
It is an evidence of Mrs. Byron's affection for her son,
that she seems to have taken this matter as much to heart
as did the young author.
In March, 1809, appeared his response to the Edinburgh
critics, for such it was in fact, under the title of English
Bards and Scotch Reviewers. That this pungent satire
should have obtained immediate celebrity is no marvel.
Men have a natural taste for belligerent demonstrations,
and twenty will stop to see a combat, where one will pause
320
•
"The effect was electric; his fame had not to wait for any of the
ordinary gradations, but seemed to spring up, like the palace of a
fairy tale, in a night. As he himself briefly described it in his
Memoranda, 'I awoke one morning and found myself famous.'
The first edition of his work was disposed of instantly; and as the
echoes of its reputation multiplied on all sides, Childe Harold,'
and Lord Byron' became the theme of every tongue."-Moore's
Life of Byron.
<
(
Mr. Murray paid at different times, for copyrights of his
lordship's poems, certainly over £15,000. A few days be-
fore the publication of Childe Harold, he made his first
speech in the House of Lords, when he opposed the second
reading of the Framework Bill. His second speech was
in favour of Catholic Emancipation, and the third was on
the 2d of July, 1813, when he addressed the House on
presenting Major Cartwright's petition. His lordship was
mand," and did not care to occupy a position where he
not calculated the "applause of listening senates to com-
could never hope to be first. On the 2d of January, 1815,
he was married to Miss Anne Isabella, only daughter of
Sir Ralph Millbanke, (since Noel,) baronet, who had about
received with this lady were speedily dissipated, and pecu-
a year previously declined his overtures. The £10,000
niary embarrassment aggravated a want of congeniality,
which might have been anticipated from the first. Nor
did the birth of a daughter, Ada, afterwards Countess of
manent harmony. Lady Byron returned home in January,
Lovelace, born December 10th, 1815, tend to produce per-
family, but she did not see proper to again place herself
1816, with the avowed object of a temporary visit to her
of this alienation have never wholly transpired, but we
under his lordship's protection. Perhaps the true causes
learn from her ladyship's explanation, that she had good
reason to suspect the sanity of her husband, and did not
deem herself justified in remaining under his roof. But,
on the other hand, her ladyship has not escaped censure.
That there was much affection on the part of the groom at
the time of the marriage, we may be allowed to doubt.
Shortly before his second proposal, he permitted a friend
to offer "his hand and heart" to another lady. She do-
clined, as Miss M. had done.
"You see," said Lord Byron, "that Miss Millbanke is
to be the person.
to be the person." He wrote her a letter, repeating his
proposition. His friend read it: the language was good,
the periods well turned. It was worthy of insertion in
the next edition of The Complete Letter Writer. His
friend was a judge of fine writing; he commended it
warmly:
"This is really a very pretty letter; it is a pity it should
not go!" "Then it shall go," replied his lordship. It
went: the lady had already satisfied the usual punctilic
of her sex by saying "No" she now satisfied herself by
saying "Yes." Is it not strange that even in this day of
increased light, there should be simple wooers so unso
phisticated as to take what is intended by the lady as the
BYR
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first step to a successful parley-the matter-of-course "No,"
-for the conclusion of the treaty? However, the evil will
work its own cure. For if men thus persist in thus under-
standing responses literally, the courted will have to ac-
commodate themselves to circumstances, and say that first
which they had intended to say last.
Lord Byron now left England with the avowed inten-
tion of never again seeing his native land.
secing his native land. He sailed
from London for Ostend, April 25, 1816, proceeded to
Brussels, and visited the field of Waterloo; then turned
his steps towards Coblentz, sailed up the Rhine to Basle,
and passed through part of Switzerland to Geneva. There,
for the first time, he met with Mr. and Mrs. Shelley.
There was much congeniality in their tastes and disposi-
tions, and a warm intimacy sprung up between them.
Both were distinguished for extraordinary poetical powers,
with an apparent incapacity for logical deduction, a morbid
passion for disgraceful notoriety, finding "their glory in
"their glory in
their shame," and, with an insane recklessness, contemn-
ing the judgments of that Almighty Ruler, whose precepts
they set at naught. Both were men of superficial acquire-
ments, and altogether without profundity of erudition.
Yet, shamefully ignorant of the records of the past, they
affected to doubt the authenticity of that inspired volume
whose evidences they had never probed, and permitted
their captious ignorance to quibble and contend where the
reverent learning of a Locke and a Newton believed and
adored. Yet even Byron was shocked by the profanity
of his friend, and seems to have had at times a "certain
fearful looking for a judgment to come." which forbade
entire security on the brink of ruin. Whilst at Diodati,
near Geneva, he wrote the third canto of Childe Harold's
Pilgrimage; to this succeeded The Prisoner of Chillon, A
Dream, and other Poems. In October, 1816, he visited
In October, 1816, he visited
Italy, and settled at Venice in November. Of his course
of life whilst in this city, we have no disposition to enter
into the particulars. It is no pleasant thing to linger over
such sad details. Mr. Moore has increased the public
censure, before richly merited by some of his own effu-
sions, by the additional sin of apologizing for the shame-
ful conduct of his friend and brother poet. For this
reason, and others, an expurgated edition of Moore's Life
of Byron is as necessary for the parlour table, as an ex-
purgated edition of his lordship's poems.
lordship's poems. In 1817 ap-
peared Manfred, a Tragedy, and The Lament of Tasso.
In the next year he published the fourth and last canto
of Childe Harold, which tended to keep alive the interest
felt in the personal experience of the poet. Beppo ap-
peared in the same year, and in the next, (1819,) the tale
of Mazeppa, and the first part of Don Juan were given to
the public. At an evening party, given by the Countess
Benzoni, he became acquainted with the Countess Guic-
cioli. Teresa Gamba, the daughter of a Romagnese noble-
bad recently been emancipated from the restraints
of a convent, and became the wife of a widower in ad-
vanced life, who in his younger days had been distin-
guished as the friend of Alfieri, and in his old age was as
much courted for his wealth. At the time of this ill-as-
sorted union, Teresa was only eighteen, very beautiful,
and, as appears by the sequel, equally indiscreet. The
story of the first evening of their acquaintance can be best
told by herself:
man,
"I became acquainted with Lord Byron in the spring of 1819:
-he was introduced to me at Venice, by the Countess Benzoni.
at one of that lady's parties. This introduction, which had so
much influence over the lives of us both, took place contrary to
our wishes, and had been permitted by us only from courtesy.
For myself, more fatigued than usual that evening on account of
the late hours they keep at Venice. I went with great repugnance
to this party, and purely in obedience to Count Guiccioli. Lord
Byron, too, who was averse to forming new acquaintances-alleg-
Ing that he had entirely renounced all attachments, and was un-
willing any more to expose himself to their consequences-on
being requested by the Countess Benzoni to allow himself to be
presented to me, refused, and, at last, only assented from a desire
to oblige her. His nobie and exquisitely beautiful countenance.
the tone of his voice, his manners, the thousand enchantments
that surrounded him, rendered him so different and so superior a
being to any whom I had hitherto seen, that it was impossible he
should not have left the most profound impression on me. From
that evening, during the whole of my subsequent stay at Venice,
we met every day."
We need only dwell upon this unhappy story long
enough to remark, that when Count Guiccioli was, for po-
litical reasons, banished from the Tuscan States, and em-
barked for Genoa, his wife remained under Lord Byron's
protection. An application to the Pope severed the legal
ie which still bound her to her husband.
In December, 1819, he left Venice, and after visiting
some of the Italian dominions of Austria, took up his
|
residence at Ravenna, and subsequently at Pisa. In 1820
he published Marino Faliero, Doge of Venice, intended to
illustrate the theory of the dramatic unities. Upon this
vexed question we shall hardly be expected to enter. In
1821 he published his celebrated epistle to the Rev. Wil-
liam Lisle Bowles, entitled, A Letter to the Author of
Strictures on the Life and Writings of Pope. In the samo
year appeared The Two Foscari, a Tragedy; Sardanapalus,
a Tragedy; and Cain, a Mystery. Perhaps this last is the
most shocking exhibition of folly and skepticism of which
the author was ever guilty. What folly can be greater
than that which arraigns the decrees of infinite wisdom,
because unfathomable by man's limited capacities?
In the year following, Byron and Shelley-par nobile
fratrum-in conjunction with Mr. Leigh Hunt, com-
menced the publication of The Liberal, a periodical which
was discontinued after the 4th number, owing to the death
of Shelley, who was drowned by the upsetting of a plea-
sure-boat in the Mediterranean. Thus perished one of
the most truly original poets that England has ever seen.
Had his judgment been equal to his genius, and his pas-
sions under proper control, he would have proved a bene-
factor instead of an injury to his race.
|
In the Liberal first appeared The Vision of Judgment,
(elicited by a work with the same title by Southey,) which
subjected the publisher to a prosecution, and a fine of £100.
Heaven and Earth, a Mystery, was presented to the public
through the same channel. To these latter compositions
of his lordship, we have to add the concluding cantos of
Don Juan, Werner, a Tragedy, and the Deformed Trans-
formed.
In September, 1822, he quitted Pisa, and passed the
winter at Genoa. About this time he received an invita-
tion from the London Committee of Philhellenes, through
Mr. Blaquiere, to aid in the deliverance of Greece from
the Mohammedan thraldom under which it suffered.
As this subject had already enlisted the sympathies of a
poet who had long loved Greece for the past, and mourned
over her present degradation, the invitation was cordially
welcomed:
(
"I cannot express to you how much I feel interested in the
cause, and nothing but the hopes I entertained of witnessing the
liberation of Italy itself, prevented me long ago from returning to
do what I could, as an individual, in that land which it is an
honour even to have visited."-Leller to Mr. Blaquiere, Albaro,
April 5, 1823.
On the 14th of July, 1823, he hired an English vessel,
and with a few followers sailed from Genoa for Cephalonia,
which he reached at the commencement of the third cam-
paign. Finding from his friends, Trelawney and Browne,
that Missolonghi was in a state of blockade, he advanced
400,000 piastres (about £12,000) for the relief of the be-
sieged city. On the 5th of January, 1824, be arrived at
Missolonghi, and attempted to raise a force with which to
attack Lepanto. He took 500 Suliotes into his pay, but
his expedition was delayed by the disorderly and unsettled
temper of his troops. Those whom he would gladly have
aided could not agree among themselves, and discordant
confusion reigned in their councils. Disappointed and
chagrined, bis constitution gave way, and on the 15th of
February he was attacked by a severe fit of epilepsy. En-
treaties were unsuccessfully urged to induce him to remove
to the healthier climate of Zante: "I cannot," he writes
being even of (supposed) utility. There is a stake worth
to a friend, "quit Greece while there is a chance of my
millions such as I am, and while I can stand at all, I must
stand by the cause." Four times within a month the at-
tack was repeated, yet he recovered. But on the 9th of
April, being caught in a shower while taking his ride on
horseback, a rheumatic fever, accompanied with inflamma-
tion of the brain, seized him. This occurred on the 12th
inst., and on the 19th he breathed his last. The account
of his last moments, as given by Major Parry, Dr. Mil-
linger, and his faithful servant Fletcher, is deeply inte-
resting. He had been charging Fletcher, in the weakness
of expiring nature, to carry messages to his sister, to
Lady Byron, and others, and
*
"He then said. Now I have told you all.' 'My lord,' replied
| Fletcher, I have not understood a word your lordship has been
saying.' 'Not understand me?' exclaimed Lord Byron, with a
all is over! I hope not,' answered Fletcher, but the Lord's will
of the utmost distress. What a
it is too
be done.'
be done.' 'Yes, not mine,' said Byron. He then tried to utter a
few words, of which none were intelligible, except My sister-my
child! He spoke also of Greece, saying. I have given her my
time, my means, my health-and now I give her my life!—what
could I do more?' It was about six o'clock on the evening of
ing round. he fell into that slumber from which he never awoke,"
this day, when he said. 'Now I shall go to sleep;' and then, turn-
-Moore's Life of Byron.
་
··
21
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An American gentleman, who spent some days with
Lord Byron in February, 1824, two months before his de-
case, has published a very interesting account of their
conversations. We give a brief extract:
"I found the poet in a weak, and rather irritable, state, but he
treated me with the utmost kindness. He said that at the time
I first called upon him, all strangers, and most of his friends, were
excluded from his room. But,' said he, had I known an Ameri-
can was at the door, you should not have been denied. I love
your country, sir; it is the land of liberty; the only portion of
God's green earth not desecrated by tyranny?... In a few days
after I left him, I received another note from him, requesting me
to call, and bring with me IRVING'S SKETCH BOOK. I took it in
my hand, and went once more to the illustrious author's residence.
He rose from his couch when I entered, and, pressing my hand
warmly, said, 'Have you brought the Sketch Book?' I handed it
to him, when, seizing it with enthusiasm, he turned to the
'Broken Heart.' That,' said he, 'is one of the finest things ever
written on earth, and I want to hear an American read it. But
stay! do you know Irving? I replied that I had never seen him.
'God bless him!' exclaimed Byron; he is a genius; and he has
something better than genius-a heart. I wish I could see him,
but I fear I never shall. Well, read—the “Broken Heart"—yes,
the "Broken Heart." What a word!'
6
"In closing the first paragraph, I said, 'Shall I confess it? I
believe in broken hearts, Yes,' exclaimed Byron, and so do I,
and so does everybody but philosophers and fools.' While I was
reading one of the most touching portions of that mournful piece,
I observed that Byron wept. He turned his eyes upon me, and
said, 'You see me weep, sir. Irving himself never wrote that story
without weeping; nor can I hear it without tears. I have not
wept much in this world, for trouble never brings tears to my
eyes; but I always have tears for the "Broken Heart.” When
I read the last line of Moore's verses at the close of the piece,
Byron said, 'What a being that Tom Moore is, and Irving, and
Emmet and his beautiful love! What beings all! Sir, how
many such men as Washington Irving are there in America?
God don't send many such spirits into this world. I want to go
to America for five reasons. I want to see Irving; I want to see
your stupendous scenery; I want to see Washington's grave; I
want to see the classic form of living freedom, and I want to get
your government to recognise Greece as an independent nation.
Poor Greece!'
؛
"These were the last days of Byron; and I shall always consi-
der myself happy that I was permitted so often to be with him.”
The personal appearance of Lord Byron is so well
known through the medium of the portraits prefixed to
his poems, that any description seems superfluous, and
must necessarily be very unsatisfactory.
"Many pictures have been painted of him," says a fair
critic of his features, "with various success; but the ex-
cessive beauty of his lips escaped every painter and sculp-
In their ceaseless play they represented every emo-
tion, whether pale with anger, curled in disdain, smiling
in triumph, or dimpled with archness and love."
tor.
His eyes were light, and very expressive, his head re-
markably small, the forehead high, and set off to great
advantage by his glossy, dark-brown curls. His teeth
were white and regular, his nose, though handsomely,
rather thickly, shaped, and his complexion colourless.
His hands were white, and aristocratically small. In
height he was five feet eight inches and a half. The lame-
ness of his right foot, so constant a subject of mortifica-
tion to him, was in reality so slight, that Mr. Moore tells
us he had no little difficulty in deciding, amidst the con-
flicting testimony of friends, which foot it was that was
so affected.
It will now be proper to quote some opinions upon the
works of an author, who, whether commended or censured,
will always occupy a distinguished rank in the records of
English literature:
"If the finest poetry be that which leaves the deepest impres-
sion on the minds of its readers—and this is not the worst test of
its excellence-Lord Byron, we think, must be allowed to take
precedence of all his distinguished contemporaries. He has not
the variety of Scott-nor the delicacy of Campbell-nor the abso-
late truth of Crabbe-nor the sparkling polish of Moore; but in
force of diction, and unextinguishable energy of sentiment, he
clearly surpasses them all. Words that breathe, and thoughts
that burn' are not merely the ornaments, but the common staple
of his poetry; and he is not inspired or impressive only in some
happy passages, but through the whole body and tissue of his
composition.... He delights too exclusively in the delineation
of a certain morbid exaltation of character and of feeling.—a sort
of demoniacal sublimity, not without some traits of the ruined
archangel. He is haunted almost perpetually with the image of
a being feeding and fed upon by violent passions, and the recol-
lections of the catastrophes they have occasioned. . . . Such is
the person with whom we are called upon almost exclusively to
sympathize in all the greater productions of this distinguished
writer:-In Childe Harold. in the Corsair, in Lara, in the Siege of
Corinth. in Parisina, and in most of the smaller pieces. It is im-
possible to represent such a character better than Lord Byron has
done in all these productions,-or, indeed, any thing more terrible
in its anger, or more attractive in its relenting. In point of effect
we readily admit that no one character can be more poetical or
more impressive:-But it is really too much to find the scene per-
petually filled by one character-not only in all the acts. but in
All the different pieces;--and, grand and impressive as it is, we
322
feel at last that these very qualities make some relief more indis
pensable, and oppress the spirits of ordinary mortals with too
deep an impression of awe and repulsion. There is too much
guilt, in short, and too much gloom, in the leading character;-
and, though it be a fine thing to gaze, now and then, on stormy
seas and thunder-shaken mountains, we should prefer passing our
days in sheltered valleys, and by the murmur of calm waters.
We certainly have no hope of preaching him into philanthropy
and cheerfulness; but it is impossible not to mourn over such a
catastrophe of such a mind, or to see the prodigal gifts of Nature,
Fortune, and Fame thus turned to bitterness, without an oppres
sive feeling of impatience, mortification, and surprise."-LORD JEF-
FREY: Edin. Review, xxvii. 277. Read this elaborate article, in
which the merits and demerits of Byron's different poems are re
viewed at length.
...
The Third Canto of Childe Harold exhibits, in all its strength,
and in all its peculiarity, the wild, powerful, and original vein of
poetry, which, in the preceding cantos. first fixed the public atten-
tion upon the author. If there is any difference, the former seein
to us to have been rather more sedulously corrected and revised
for publication, and the present work to have been dashed from the
author's pen with less regard to the subordinate points of expros-
sion and versification.
sion and versification. Yet such is the deep and powerful strain
of passion, such the original tone and colouring of description,
that the want of polish in some of its minute points rather adds
to, than deprives, the poem of its energy."-Lon. Quarterly Le-
view, xvi. 172.
"1 agree very much in what you say of Childe Harold. Though
there is something provoking and insulting to morality and to
feeling in his misanthropical ennui, it gives nevertheless an odd
piquancy to his descriptions and reflections. This is upon the
whole a piece of most extraordinary power, and may rank its au-
thor with our first poets. I see the Edinburgh Review has hauled
its wind."-Sir Walter Scott to Mr. Morritt. May 12, 1812.
"My intrusion concerns a large debt of gratitude due to your
lordship. . . . The first count, as our technical language expresses
it, relates to the high pleasure I have received from The Pilgrim-
age of Childe Harold, and from its precursors; the former, with
all its classical associations, some of which are lost on so poor a
scholar as I am, possesses the additional charm of vivid and ani-
mated description, mingled with original sentiment. . . . I hope
your lordship intends to give us more of Childe Harold. I was
delighted that my friend. Jeffrey-for such, in spite of many a
feud, literary and political, I always esteem him-has made so
handsomely the amende honorable for not having discovered in the
bud the merits of the flower; and I am happy to understand that
the retraction so handsomely made was received with equal libe-
rality."-Sir Walter Scott to Lord Byron, July 3 and 16, 1812.
Sir Walter gives an interesting account of his first in-
troduction to Lord Byron, which occurred in the spring of
1815:
"I found Lord Byron in the highest degree courteous, and even
kind. We met for an hour or two almost daily in Mr. Murray's
drawing-room, and found a great deal to say to each other. .
His reading did not seem to me to have been very extensive,
either in poetry or history. Having the advantage of him in that
respect, and possessing a good competent share of such reading as
is little read, I was sometimes able to put under his eye objects
which had for him the interest of novelty." See Lockhart's Life
of Scott.
"Never had any writer so vast a command of the whole eloquence
of scorn, misanthropy, and despair. That Marah was never dry.
No art could sweeten, no draughts could exhaust, its perennial
waters of bitterness. Never was there such variety in monotony
s that of Byron. From maniac laughter to piercing lamentation,
there was not a single note of human anguish of which he was not
master. Year after year, and month after month, he continued to
repeat that to be wretched is the destiny of all; that to be emi-
nently wretched is the destiny of the eminent; that all the desires
by which we are cursed lead alike to misery; if they are not grati-
fied, to the misery of disappointment; if they are gratified, to the
misery of satiety. His principal heroes are men who have arrived
by different roads at the same goal of despair, who are sick of life,
only by an unquenchable pride, resembling that of Prometheus on
who are at war with society; who are supported in their anguish
the rock, or of Satan in the burning marl; who can master their
agonies by the force of their will, and who, to the last, defy the
whole power of earth and heaven. He always described himself
as a man of the same kind with his favourite creations, as a man
whose heart had been withered, whose capacity for happiness was
gone, and could not be restored; but whose invincible spirit dared
the worst that could befall him here or hereafter.... Among that
large class of young persons whose reading is almost confined
to works of imagination, the popularity of Lord Byron was un-
bounded. They bought pictures of him, they treasured up the
smallest relics of him; they learned his poems by heart, and did
their best to write like him, to look like him. Many of them prac-
tised at the glass, in the hope of catching the curl of the upper
lip, and the scowl of the brow, which appear in some of his por-
traits. A few discarded their neckcloths in imitation of their
great leader. For some years, the Minerva press sent forth no
novel without a mysterious, unhappy, Lara-like Peer. The num-
ber of hopeful undergraduates and medical students who became
things of dark imaginings, on whom the freshness of the heart
ceased to fall like dew, whose passions had consumed themselves.
to dust, and to whom the relief of tears was denied, passes all cal-
culation. This was not the worst. There was created in the minds
of many of these enthusiasts, a pernicious and absurd association
between intellectual power and moral depravity. From the poetry
of Lord Byron they drew up a system of ethics, compounded of
misanthropy and voluptuousness: a system in which the two
great commandments were to hate your neighbour and to love your
neighbour's wife."-LORD MACAULAY: Edin. Review, June, 1831;
and in his Crit. and Histor. Essays, 1854, i. 345, 347, 348.
See also Recollections of Lord Byron, by R. C. Dallas,
BYR
BYR
6
1824; Conversations of Lord Byron, by Thomas Medwin,
1824; The Last Days of Lord Byron, by Major Wm. Parry;
Lord Byron and some of his Contemporaries, by Leigh
Hunt, 1828; Conversations on Religion with Lord Byron
and others, by James Kennedy, M.D., 1830; Conversations
with Lord Byron by Lady Blessington, 1836; Life of Byron
by John Galt, 1837; Life of Lord Byron by Armstrong,
1846; Recollections of the Last Days of Byron and Shelley,
by E. J. Trelawney, 1858; Shelley's Julian and Maddolo;
Moir's Sketches of the Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-Century,
1851; Alison's Hist. of Europe, 1815-1852, chap. v.;
Newstead Abbey,-in Washington Irving's Crayon Mis-
cellanies; Lon. Quar. Rev., vols. vii., X., xi., xix., xxvii.,
Xxxvii.; articles by Lord Jeffrey in Edin. Rev., vols. ix.,
xix., xxi., xxiii., xxvii., xxviii., xxix., XXXV., xxxvi.,
Xxxviii.; articles in North Amer. Rev., vols. v., (W. Phil-
lips,) xiii. 227, (John Everett,) xiii. 450, (Wm. H. Pres-
cott,) xx., (A. H. Everett,) xxi., (A. Norton,) xxxi., xxxvi.,
(both by W. B. O. Peabody,) Ix., (E. P. Whipple;) Index
to Blackw. Mag., 1855, vols. i.-1.; Poole's Index to Period.
Lit., 1853, 60–61.
Lord Byron presented Mr. Moore with his autobio-guise his feelings or opinions about it, and would not admit that
the emperor's case was desperate even then. I was much surprised
graphy, and Mr. M. sold the MS. to John Murray for 2000
at all this, though less than I should have been if I had not already
guineas. Lord Byron's family, after his decease, expressed heard similar feelings about the whole war of the Hundred Days
some unwillingness to have the MS. published. Mr. Moore, with Bonaparte expressed by leading Whigs, such as the excellent
with a delicacy worthy of the highest praise, destroyed the mildly on the subject, and by Dr. Parr, at Hatton, who was almost
Mr. Roscoe at Liverpool, who of course spoke more wisely and
papers, and returned Mr. Murray the 2000 guineas pur-
chase-money, with interest. An offer to reimburse the large
sum thus cheerfully sacrificed was positively refused by Mr.
Moore. From specimens of this autobiography quoted to
us by Washington Irving, who inspected the MS., we are
perfectly satisfied with the disposition made of the original.
Two of our countrymen-Mr. George Ticknor, author of
The History of Spanish Literature, and Mr. Edward
Everett, late minister of the United States of America at
the Court of St. James-have favoured us with their MS.
Recollections of Lord Byron. Mr. Ticknor writes us,
(July 22, 1858, "from memoranda made at the time,")
fore, he expressed himself as glad that the book was out of print
circulated in the United States. His poems published during his
and yet he showed no regret when I told him that it was freely
minority he said he had suppressed because they were not worth
reading; and he wondered that our booksellers should reprint them.
"While he was talking in this way, Sir James Bland Burges-a
fourth or fifth rate poet who wrote The Exodiad' with Cumber-
Lord Byron, in his 'Hints from Horace,' says he found at Malta
land, and a part of whose Epick on Richard the Lion-Hearted
lining a trunk-came suddenly into the room. and said, abruptly,
My lord! my lord: a great battle has been fought in the Low
Countries, and Bonaparte is entirely defeated. But is it true?'
said Lord Byron; is it true? Yes, my lord, it is certainly true.
An aid-de-camp arrived in town last night: he has been in Down-
ing Street this morning, and I have just seen him, as he was going
to Lady Wellington's. He says he thinks Bonaparte is now in full
retreat towards Paris.' After an instant's pause, Lord Byzon ra
plied, 'I am d-d sorry for it.'
plied, 'I am d-d sorry for it.' And then, after another slight
pause, he added. 'I didn't know but I might live to see Lord
Castlereagh's head on a pole: but I suppose I sha'n't now. And
this was the first impression produced on his impetuous and ill-
governed nature by the news of the battle of Waterloo. Two days
afterwards I met him at Murray's Rooms, where he received very
good-humouredly the satirical congratulations of Gifford and some
other of his Tory friends on the great victory; but he did not dis-
"I became acquainted with Lord Byron in June, 1815, through
the kindness of Mr. Gifford, editor of the Quarterly Review, who
had a personal regard for the great poet, and to whom alone, as
Lord Byron more than once told me, he supposed himself to be in-
debted for the kindness shown him in that eminently Tory journal.
Lord Byron was then living in a large and fine house in Piccadilly.
I saw him there only a few times-four in all-during the ten days
I was in London after I became acquainted with him; besides
which, however, I met him once in Murray's room in Albemarle
St., and once passed an evening with him. Lady Byron, and Sir
Ralph and Lady Noel, in his private box in Drury Lane Theatre, to
see Kean in Rule a Wife.'-Lord Byron being then one of the
managing-committee of that theatre and an admirer of Kean.
The whole of such an acquaintance was necessarily not much, and
could give only the most superficial view even of his manners.
"Each time that I saw him at home. Lady Byron was with him,
or came into the room while I was there. On these occasions, as
well as at the theatre, his manners towards her were very natural
and simple, and those of a happy man. He had then been married
about six months, and was separated from her about six months
afterwards, under circumstances still imperfectly explained to the
public, but which were known at the time to Dr. Lushington. His
remarkable letter, published at the end of Moore's life, when taken
in connection with the pure and elevated character of the eminent
magistrate who wrote it to express his deliberate judgment on
the whole affair, can leave no reasonable doubt that the separation
was made from causes very discreditable to Lord Byron.
"The first time I saw him, I was struck with his movements as
he came into the room where I was waiting for him. There was a
screen before the door, so that I could not immediately see him;
but the sound that came from behind it was as if two or three
people were entering together. He advanced towards me rapidly,
with his person bent forward, owing. I supposed, to the malcon-
formation of his lower limbs, for I noticed the same thing on other
occasions. Soon after he sat down he took up one of his feet-
which were nicely laced in Wellington boots, and had fashionable
white drill pantaloons drawn down over them tight and low-and
patted and petted it, as I thought, to see whether I took any espe-
cial notice of it. I was careful not to do so. I had been warned.
But, except in these trifles, I never saw any thing in his manner
that was probably the result of his deformity. In all the upper
part of his person he was very handsome, round, and full; but his
complexion was sallow and pale. His general air was perfectly
easy and natural. The tones of his voice were low and conciliating.
"He talked a good deal about America, and was curious on the
subject of our universities and literature, inquiring particularly
whether we looked upon Barlow as our Homer. Of his own Eng-
lish Bards and Scotch Reviewers,' which was then suppressed in
England, he said that he wrote it when he was very young and
very angry-adding that those were the only circumstances under
which a man would write such a satire. Since he had come back
to England, he said that Lord Holland, who had been very kind to
him, and Rogers, who had become his friend, had asked him not
to continue to reprint it, and so he had suppressed it. Indeed, he
went on, he had become of laie acquainted with nearly all the
persons he had satirized, and had a hearty liking for them, espe
cially as they did not refuse to know a person who had so much
abused them. He had no longer any quarrel with any of them
except Lord Carlisle; and, as that was a family difference, he said
he supposed it would never be settled. On every account, there-
p
;
as extravagant as Lord Byron.
"A day or two afterwards he sent me a copy of all his works,
with letters of introduction for Greece and Turkey,—adding to the
one for Ali Pacha a curious pistol. which I subsequently returned,
as I went to Spain instead of Greece. Two of the letters I still
possess; and I have just observed, by a comparison with notes
that I received from Lady Byron twenty years later, that one of
them, which is in very nicely-turned French, is in her handwriting.
“On another occasion Lord Byron talked to me of a plan he had
once entertained of establishing himself in Greece: and twice be
expressed to me his purpose of visiting the United States. saying
the first time that he had never envied any men more than he did
Lewis and Clarke when he read the account of their travels, and
that he had ever since felt the greatest desire to see our Indians.
The English Bards, to which he recurred again. he told me be
wrote at his place in the country the winter before he went to
Greece, at a time when there was a heavy fall of snow on the
ground; and he kept house for a month, during which time be
never saw the light of day,-rising in the evening after dark, and
going to bed in the morning before dawn. The Corsair' he said
he wrote in eleven days and copied for the press on the twelfth,—
adding that whenever he undertook any thing he found it neces-
sary to give himself wholly to it. For this reason he supposed he
could never complete Childe Harold, which he began at Yanina
and broke off at Smyrna. It was so long since he had laid it aside
that he should not, he believed, ever be able to resume it.
€
"An American copy of his works, in two small and very shabby
volumes, printed. I think, at Philadelphia, gave him evident plea-
sure. He was glad, he said. to see it in so cheap a form that every-
body could buy it. It was in boards; and he said he should keep
it so, preferring to have it just as it came from America. In this
and in other ways he showed that he valued his American reputa-
tion, of which he was then just beginning to be aware.
“Above two years after this, in October, 1817. as I was passing
from Venice to Ferrara, I stopped at Mira on the Brenta,-the Mira
of Dante's Purgatorio,-where Lord Byron was then living. It was
eleven o'clock in the forenoon: but he was not up. Fletcher, his
body-servant, however, remembered me, and, after taking my card
to him, showed me into a room nicely furnished in the English
fashion, where I found Mr. Hobhouse (now Lord Broughton) hard
at work with learned-looking books, and had some very agreeable
talk with him till Lord Byron came down. Contrary to my ex-
pectation, he showed no marks of the wild and reckless life he had
led since I saw him in London. His countenance was just as fair,
smooth, and round as ever. His conversation, however, I thought
a little different. Its tone seemed to me to be more lively, various,
and decided. As I had been a good deal in Germany, he asked mo
if I had seen Goethe; and, finding that I had, he put to me many
questions about him. He told me that Mr. M. G. Lewis had made
him an extemporaneous translation of Faust, reading it to him from
German into English,—which accounted to me for a certain resem
blance in parts of Manfred to that remarkable poem, which had
not then been translated into English and which I was aware he
could not read in the original. He was curious, too, to know about
Goethe's personal enemies, whose number he had understood to be
considerable; and when I gave him an account of a very severe
article on Goethe in the Edinburgh Review. which, to his great
annoyance, had been translated and published under his nose at
Jena by Oken, Lord Byron showed at first an amusing eagerness
to hear all about it, but then, seeming to check himself. said, as if
half in earnest though still laughing, And yet I don't know what
sympathy I can have with Goethe except that of an injured
author.' And this, I think, was the exact truth; for he left on my
mind that morning no doubt that he felt himself to be under-
valued as a poet in England.
•
"Both he and Mr. Hobhouse spoke with great satisfaction of
their residence in Italy,-Lord Byron, to my surprise, placing ita
attractions much higher than those of Greece. It will be remem-
bered that he had then written, but had not printed, the fourth
canto of Childe Harold: and Mr. Hobhouse. I have always sup-
posed, was, when I entered the parlour at Mira, at work on the
notes to it, which he published soon afterwards.”
Mr. Everett writes us. (August 3, 1858.)
"Having at a very early age begun to feel a great interest in
323
BYR
BYW
{
modern Greece, that feeling was raised to enthusiasm by the two
first cantos of Childe Harold, which appeared the year after I left
college. Determined to visit Greece myself, I felt on that account
especially desirous, on my arrival in London in the spring of 1815,
of making the acquaintance of Lord Byron. I was offered an in-
troduction to him by more than one friend,-particularly by Richard
Sharpe, Esq., better known in society as Conversation Sharpe.'
Delays, however, took place, and my youthful impatience led me
somewhat to overstep the bounds of strict propriety. I addressed
a note to Lord Byron, sending with it a copy of a poetical trifle.
privately printed by me some time before, in which he was men-
tioned, and asking the honor of his acquaintance. I received a
most obliging answer from him the next day, accompanied with a
set of his poems in four volumes, (rendered doubly valuable by
inarginal corrections in his handwriting,) and appointing an hour
when he would see me. His reception of me was most cordial.
Intercourse between the two countries was just reopened after the
war of 1812-1814, and I was the first person from the United States
whose acquaintance he had made. He expressed high satisfaction
Ile expressed high satisfaction
at the account I gave him of his transatlantic fame. Our con-
versation was principally on the state of education and literature
in this country, and on Greece, to which he said he was so much
attached that but for family considerations he should be disposed
to pass his life there. He offered me, without solicitation on my
pait, letters to his friends there, and, among them, to Ali Pacha of
Albania
Armenian studies which he carried on for a short time under
Father Pascal Auger, of the Armenian Convent at Venice. This
learned and amiable ecclesiastic, whom I had the pleasure of know-
ing, told me that for the short time that Lord Byron studied with
him he made rapid progress. He translated into English Father
Ancher's Armeno-Italian grammar, and also the unauthentic
Epistles of Paul to the Corinthians, which had never appeared in
an English version. They are found, as translated by Lord Byron,
in the Appendix to Moore's Life.
-
"It is scarcely necessary to add that Lord Byron's letters to his
friends in Corfu, Albania, and Greece Proper were of the greatest
service to me, especially at the court of Ali Pacha. Dark Mluctar,
his son,' so well known to the readers of Childe Harold, was the
first person of emineuce whom I saw at Yanina, of which he was
then the governor."
Byron, Hon. John, 1723–1786, a distinguished Bri-
tish admiral and circumnavigator, was the grandfather
of Lord Byron, the celebrated poet, and son of William,
fourth Lord Byron, and Frances, daughter of William, Lord
Berkeley, of Stratton. His Life will be found in Char-
nock's Biographia Navalis, Lon., 1794-96, 6 vols. Svo, and
other collections. Voyage round the World in the years
1764, '65, '66, in the Dolphin, by an officer on board the
same ship, Lon., 1767, Svo; also in Callauder's Terra Aus-
tralis Incognita, iii. 673, 1766-68; and in Hawkesworth's
Voyages, i. 1, 1773. Narrative of the great distress suf-
fered by himself and his companions, on the coast of Pa-
tagonia, 1740-46, Lon., 1768, Svo.
Lord Byron, the poet, relating an instance of the troubles
often encountered by those who brave the "perils of the
deep," thus reverentially refers to the hardships endured
by his respected ancestor:
(
"The state of public affairs was then very critical. Napoleon,
recently escaped from Elba, was advancing rapidly to meet the
Prussian and English armies in Belgium. The probable result of
the impending conflict was discussed with warmth by Lord Byron.
Napoleon,' said he, will at first, no doubt, drive the Duke of Wel-
lington. That I shall be sorry for: I don't want to have my
countrymen beaten. But I will tell you what I do want. I want
to see Lord Castlereagh's head carried on a pike beneath that
window. This feeling, violent as it is, seems to have been pretty
deliberately cherished by Lord Byron. It is expressed in his con-
versation with Mr. Ticknor a few days later, after the battle of
Waterloo had been fought: and in a letter to Moore written a day
or two before I saw Lord B. he says, 'Of politics we have nothing
but the yell for war; and Castlereagh is preparing his head for
the pike, on which we shall see it carried before he has done.'
"Lord Byron-at this time in the enjoyment of his reputation as
the chief of the modern British Parnassus-had laid aside entirely
the misanthropic tone and eccentric manners with which he re-
turned from the East. He was a great favorite in society, and
happy, to all appearance, at home. He had also formed friendly
relations with many of those whom he had attacked most fiercely
in English Bards and Scotch Reviewers.' Mr. Rogers gave me an
amusing account of the commencement of his acquaintance with
Lord Byron on his return from the East. It took place in con-
nection with the reconciliation of Byron and Moore, of which the
successive steps are minutely related in Moore's Life of Byron. Mr.
Rogers, having been informed by Moore that Byron and he had
agreed on a meeting as friends, proposed that it should be at his
(Mr. Rogers's) house, and desired Moore to invite Byron to meet him
at dinner there. This invitation was accepted in the most gracious
manner by Byron. It was intended at first that the party should
be confined to the trio; but Campbell happened to call on Mr.
Rogers in the course of the morning, and was invited to join them.
This was in the first week of November, 1811; and at that time
Byron was not personally known to Rogers, Moore, or Campbell!
Mr. Rogers introduced himself to Lord and the
other two as they arrived. Mr. Rogers-whose dinners were always
perfect-had taken pains to have a particularly nice one that day.
He soon found. however, somewhat to his consternation. that there
was nothing on the table which Lord Byron could eat or drink.
He was at that time in one of the frequent fits of abstinence which
he practised to check a tendency to grow stout. After refusing
every thing on the table, he asked for hard biscuit and soda-water,
neither of which happened to be in the house. The soda-water
was sent for and procured, but the biscuit was not to be had in
the neighborhood. Lord Byron then called for the potatoes, filled
his plate with them, and, pouring the contents of the vinegar-cruet
over them, made a hearty meal. His manner and conversation on
this occasion did not appear to have pleased Mr. Rogers so much as
they did Mr. Moore. Whenever I saw Lord Byron, his deportment
and conversation were those of a well-bred, intelligent man of the
world, wholly free from affectation and eccentricity.
"His sufferings were comparative,
To those related in my grand-dad's narrative.”
Bysshe, Edward, 1615–1679, a native of Burstow,
Surrey, was educated at Trinity College, Oxford, after
self to the study of the Common Law.
which he removed to Lincoln's Inn, where he applied him-
1. Notæ in quatuor Libros Nicholai Upton, de studio
Militari. 2. Notæ in Johannis de Bado Aureo Libellum
de Armis. 3. Notæ in Henrici Spelmanni Aspidologiam.
He also pub. some trans.; Palladius de Gentibus, &c..
and S. Ambrosius de Moribus, &c. For further informa-
tion concerning these pieces, Wood refers to his account
of John Gregory, 1665, 4to. Wood tells us that he was
"An encourager of learning and learned men, particularly that
noted critic, John Gregory of Ch. h."
We must quote the following for the benefit of our BIB-
LIOMANIACAL friends.
He had a very choice library of books, all richly bound with
gilt dorses."-Athen. Oxon.
Bysshe, Edward. The Art of English Poetry, Lon.,
1702, Svo. British Parnassus, or Commonplace Book of
English Poetry, 1714, 2 vols. 8vo.
Bythewood, W. M., and Jarman, T. Selection of
Precedents, forming a System of Conveyancing, with Dis-
sertations and Practical Notes, Lon., 1824, 8vo, vols. 1, 2,
9 vols. 8vo, not yet completed.
and 3; 3d edit., enlarged by George Sweet, Lon., 1839-49,
"These volumes are composed of precedents drawn by eminent
conveyancers. and are those in general use at the present time.
The precedents are arranged under appropriate alphabetical titles,
accompanying which are exceedingly valuable and carefully pre
pared dissertations and notes."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Bythner, Victorinus, a native of Poland, resided
for many years, and died, in England. He read a Hebrew
lecture for a long period to the Hall of Christ Church, and
instructed in and pub. some books to facilitate the acqui-
sition of that language. He resided for some time at
Cambridge. About 1664 he settled at Cornwall, where he
practised physic. Lethargy of the Soul, &c., 1636, 4to.
Tabula Directoria, &c., Oxf., 1637. Lingua Eruditorum,
1638, Svo; reprinted under a new title, Lon., 1639, Svo.
Cantab., 1645, '75, Svo; usually called his Hebrew Gram-
mar. Clavis Linguæ Sanctæ, Camb., 1648, 8vo. Lyra
Prophetica Davidis Regis: sive Analysis Critico-practica
Psalmorum, Lon., 1645, 54, '64, '79, 4to. Glasguæ, et
Londini, 1823, 8vo; to this is added an Introduction to
the Chaldee. Trans. by the Rev. Thomas Dee, Dublin,
and London, 1836, 8vo; new edit., 1847, Svo.
6.
Bythner's Lyra Davidis has long been known as perhaps the
most valuable help to the critical and grammatical study of the
book of Psalms. The reprint, at the University press at Glasgow,
is very beautiful."-Horne's Introduction.
"It has been a question whether Lord Byron was lame in one
foot or both. My own impression, when I saw him, was that the
deformity extended equally to both feet; and such I understand
Mr. Trelawney, speaking from actual inspection after death, de-
clares to have been the case. It was concealed from the
very long and loose trousers, but caused him to walk with a slight
jerk at the hip. Mr. Rogers and Lord Byron were leaving a party
together, shortly after his return from the Continent. A linkman
accosted Lord B. by name. Mr. Rogers heedlessly said. 'You see
everybody knows you already.' Lord Byron rejoined, with a bitter
expression, · Yes; am deformed. This seems to have been
habitually present to his mind, if we can trust his biographers;
but on no occasion when I saw him did his countenance wear the
expression of gloom or care.
Three years and a half after I saw him in London, I had an
opportunity of renewing my acquaintance with Lord Byron at
Venice, where I saw him a few times in the autumn of 1818. Not-
withstanding the events which had occurred since I saw him in
London, there was no change in his general appearance and man-
ner. Our conversation was again very much on Greece, which I
was to visit the next spring and for which he furnished me addi-taining of the tongues."-Alhen. Oxın.
tional letters. He now spoke with some confidence of taking up
his abode there, though the revolution which caused him to do so
had not yet broken out. He dwelt at some length on the state of
society in Italy, particularly in Venice, and especially on the circle
at the Countess Albrizzi's, which Lord B. attended every evening
for two years, to which I had the good fortune to be introduced by
Ugo Foscolo. IIe spoke also with a good deal of interest of the
"Bythner was blessed with a most admirable geny for the ob-
Bywater, John. An Essay on the History, Practice,
and Theory of Electricity, Lon., 1810, 8vo.
"He writes in a clear and conspicuous manner, ard always
treats his opponents with liberality and candour."-Lon. Morih
Rev., 1811.
An Essay on Light and Vision, Lon., 1814, 8vo.
324
CAB
CAI
C.
which he was hanged." See Ramsay's Rev.; Thacher's Med. Biog.“
Allen's Dict.
Cabanel, Daniel, of Lincoln's Inn. The Tocsin
Sounded, Lon., 1811. Epistle to Hon. S. Percival, 1812.
Tribute to the Memory of ditto, 1812, 8vo. Poems and
Imitations, 1815, 8vo.
"Mr. C. appears to have been long a votary of the Muses, some
of the pieces in this collection being dated nearly 30 years ago. ...
The common effect of the lapse of time on the poet is to slacken
his spirit, and to increase his correctness: but this does not appear
to have been the case in the present instance: the earlier poems
being more correct and in better taste than the later and larger
productions.”—Lon. Monthly Review, 1815.
Cable, Daniel. Trans. from Suchten; concerning
the secrets of Antimony, Lon., 1670, 8vo.
Cabot, Sebastian, b. about 1477, d. about 1557, an
eminent navigator, of a Venetian family, was a native of
Bristol. Voyages to the North-East Frosty Seas, and to
the Kingdoms lying that Way. See Martyr's P. Decades,
p. 254, 1577: Navigatione nelle parti Settentrionali, Ve-
nice, fol., 1583. A Map.
A Map. Cabot first noticed the variation.
of the compass. See Life by R. Biddle, (q. r.)
Cabrera, Dr. Paul F. Trans. of Del Rio's Report of
the Ruins near Palenque; with additions, Lon., 1822, 4to.
Caddell, Henry. Serms., Chelsea, 1843, Svo.
Caddick, Richard. Hebrew made Easy, 1799, 8vo.
Serm., 1802, Svo. Epist. to Romans, in Hebrew, corrected
from the version of Hutter, Nuremb., 1600; by Dr. Ro-
binson at Lon., 1601; repub. with many improvements,
1804, 12mo.
Caddy, William, and N. Ward, Petition of, Lon.,
1654.
Cade, Anthony. Serms., 1618, '21, '30, '61, 4to.
Cade, Capt. John, and John Mills. Their last
Speeches and Confessions, Lon., 1645, 4to.
Cade, John. Con. to Archæologia, 1785, '89, '92;
on Roman Roads and Stations in Britain.
Cade, William. Popery Shaken, Lon., 1678, 4to.
Cadell, W. A. Journey in Carniola, Italy, and
France, 1817-18, Edin., 1820, Svo. Mathematical Con.
to Ann. Philos., 1814; to Trans. Edin. Soc., 1817.
Cademan, Thomas, M.D. 1. Bedford's Passage to
the Parliament. 2. The Distiller, Lon., 1641–52.
Cadge. Morton's Surgical Anatomy of the Principal
Regions of the Human Body; completed by Mr. Cadge,
Lon., r. Svo; also sold in parts.
"The work thus completed constitutes a useful guide to the
student, and remembrancer to the practitioner. . . We think that
Mr. Cadre's contributions in no degree fall short of the original
work.”—Lon. Medical Gazetle.
See MORTON, THOMAS.
Cadogan, George. The Spanish Hireling Detected,
Lon, 1743. This refers to Genl. Oglethorpe's expedition
against St. Augustine.
Psalms and Hymns collected, 1787, 12mo.
Cadwallader, General John, d. 1786, aged 43, a
soldier of the American Revolution, participated in the
battles of Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown, and Mon-
mouth. He pub. A Reply to General J. Reed's Remarks.
&c., 1783. See Marshall, Allen, &c.
Cadwallader, Thomas, M.D., d. 1779, aged 72, was
one of the physicians of the Pennsylvania Hospital from
1752 until his decease. His dissections for Dr. Shippen
were among the earliest made in this country. He was
noted for his great courtesy of manner, which was once
the means of saving his life. The story is as follows:
Cadogan, William, M.D., d. 1797. aged 86, a na-
tive of London, was educated at Oriel College, Oxford.
Essay on Children, Lon., 1748, Svo; many edits. On the
Gout, &c., 1764, Svo; many edits. Harverian Orations,
1764 and 1793, both pub.
Cadogan, William Bromley, 1751-1797, 2d son
of the Earl of Cadogan, was educated at Westminstering
School, and Christ Church College, Oxford; Vicar of St.
Giles, Reading. 1774; and subsequently Rector of Chelsea.
Sermons, 1780, '95, '96. Discourses, Letters, and Me- |
moirs, by Richard Cecil, Lon., 1798, Svo.
"These discourses abound with proof of the author's valuable
character, and of his intimate acquaintance with the scriptural
language."-LOWNDES.
"A provincial officer, weary with his life, had determined to
shoot the fest person whom he should meet, in order that justice
should bring him to the gallows. An easier method of reaching
his end would have been to shoot himself. However, with his re-
solution and his gun he sallied forth. He first met a pretty girl;
but her beauty vanquished his intent. He next met Dr. Cadwal-
lader, whose courteous Good morning, sir, what sport?' also con-
quered him Ile then went to a taveru, and shot a Mr. Scull, for
He pub. a Dissertation on the Iliac Passion, entitled
An Essay on the West India Dry Gripes, 1745, in which
he recommended the use of opiates and mild catharties,
instead of quicksilver, then employed. This was one of the
earliest American medical treatises. Boylston, Harwood,
and Thacher had previously pub. medical treatises.
is first mentioned by Bede, who gives us to understand
Cædmon, d. about 680, the father of English Song,
that he occupied, at least occasionally, the humble post of
a cow-herd. He was so ignorant as to be unable to bear
his part in the alternate vocal music with which our Saxon
forefathers recreated themselves at their feasts. Cæḍmon,
it is related, was supernaturally inspired with the gift of
song whilst asleep in his stable; and the Abbess Hilda
considered herself honoured by his consenting to become
a monk in her house. Bede informs us that he celebrated
in magnificent strains much of the Old and New Testa-
ment's history, the "terrors of the day of judgment, the
pains of hell, and the sweetness of the heavenly king-
dom." Junius pub. in 1655 a MS. supposed to contain
some of the poetry of this distinguished bard. A new
edit., edited by the eminent Saxon scholar, Rev. Benjamin
Thorpe, was pub. by the Society of Antiquaries of London,
in 1832, consisting of a text formed carefully from the
original MS., and accompanied by a literal English version;
and illustrated by a volume of plates taken from the illu-
minations of the MS. This work is commended to the
careful attention of the reader.
"An excellent and satisfactory edition, with a most valuable In-
dex."-KEMBLE.
of the Fall of Man, &c., and portions of Milton's Paradise
The striking resemblance between Cædmon's account
Lost, has been frequently noticed.
66
The pride, rebellion, and punishment of Satan and his princes,
have a resemblance to Milton so remarkable, that most of his por-
tion might be almost literally translated by a cento of lines from
the great poet."-W. D. Conybeare's Illustrations of Anglo-SaxoN
Poetry; and see Thorpe's Cadmon as above, and Wright's Biog.
Brit. Lit.
Cæsar, J. James, D.D., Minister of the Prussian
Church, London. Sermons pub. separately, 1702, '04, '05,
'13. '14, '16, '17, 4to.
Cæsar, John, Vicar of Croydon. Serms., 1708, 4to.
Cæsar, Sir Julius, 1557-1636, an eminent civilian,
was the friend of Lord Bacon, and a favourite of James I.
and Charles I. Antient State, Authority, and Proceed-
ings of the Court of Requests, 1596, '97, 4to. Many of
the valuable MSS. collected by him are in the British
Museum. Fuller gives this high character of him:
"A person of prodigious bounty to all of worth or want, so that
he might seem to be almoner-general of the nation. The story is
well known of a gentleman, who once borrowing his coach, (which
was as well known to poor people as any hospital in England.) was
so rendezvoused about with beggars in London, that it cost him.
all the money in his purse to satisfy their importunity, so that be
might have hired twenty coaches on the same terms. Sir Francis
Bacon, Lord Verulam, was judicious in his election, when, perceiv-
his dissolution to approach, he made his last bed in effect in
the house of Sir Julius."-Worthies of Middlesex.
Cæsar, Philip. Discourse of the damnable Sect of
Usurers, &c.; trans. by T. Rogers, Lon., 1578, 4to. A
Godly Treatise announcing the Lawfulness of Riches, Lon.,
1578, 4to.
Caffgn, Matthew. Deceiving Teachers, &c., 1656.
Cage, Thornton. Case between him and his wife, fol.
Cagua, John, Surgeon. Profess. Con. to Phil. Trans.,
1740.
Caines, Clement. Cultivation, &c. of the Otaheite
Cane, &c., Lon., 1801, Svo.
Caines, George, d. 1825, aged 54, Reporter of the
Supreme Court of New York. Lex Mercatoria Americana,
New York. 1802, Sro.
"The author designed to add other volumes, but from the in-
different reception by the profession of the first, his intention was
never carried into effect. It is a crude compilation, little known,
and less frequently referred to."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Summary of the Practice in the Supreme Court of the
State of New York, New York, 1808, Svo.
6.
This work was rather a practical manual than a treatise bene-
ficial to experienced practitioners, or useful as a book of reference.”
—Graham's Practice.
Practical Forms of Supreme Ct. of N. York, 1808, Svo.
Cases in the Court for the Trial of Impeachments and
Correction of Errors, State of N. York, 1805-07, 2 vols.
325
CAI
CAL
8vo. Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of State of
N. York, 1803-05, 3 vols. 8vo, 1813, '14; 2d edit., 1852.
"George Caines, Esq., was the first Reporter of the Decisions of
the Supreme Court of the State of New York, regularly appointed
as such. The names of the Hon. Judges who presided in this Court
during the period above stated, were-Morgan Lewis, James Kent,
(afterwards Chancellor of the State.) Jacob Radcliff, Brock holdst
Livingston. Smith Thompson, (the two last-named gentlemen were
subsequently appointed Judges of the Supreme Court of the United
States,) Ambrose Spencer, and David D. Tompkins-a more able
and independent Judiciary never existed at any one period, in any
Court of the United States."
English Agriculture,
T
Caird, James, of Baldoon.
1850, '51, Lon., Svo; 5d edit., 1852.
|
Calamy, Benjamin, D.D., d. 1686, son of EDMUNI
It contains many sensible remarks, and very shrewd observa- CALAMY, (q. v.) entered Catherine Hall, Cambridge, 1664,
tions; showing a most enlightened mind and sound understand-'65, of which he became a Fellow, and was also tutor there;
ing."-Domoldson's Agricul!. Bing.
Vicar of St. Lawrence, Jewry, with St. Magdalen, Milk
Street, annexed; Prebendary of St. Paul's, 1685. Sermons
pub. separately, 1663, 73, 'S2, '83, 'S4. Sermons, 1687,
Svo. Sermons, 5th edit., 1712, Svo. 13 Sermons, 1726,
Svo. His celebrated Discourse about a Scrupulous Con-
science was preached in 1683, and pub. in 1684, fol.
"No piece of its kind or size gained more credit to its author, or
was more taken notice of by the public."
Thomas De Laune wrote against it in such a manner as
to cause his imprisonment.
"As a divine, Benjamin Calamy has been mentioned with high
approbation by Bishop Burnet, Archdeacon Echard, Dean Sherlock,
who preached his funeral sermon, wherein he speaks of him in the
highest terms, and Mr. Granger."
As a sermon writer he is characterized by constant good sense,
by sound judgment in the selection of his subjects, simplicity in
his plans, and ease, clearness, and purity of style."-British Pulpit
Eloquence.
The Plantation Scheme, Svo, 1850.
High Farming under liberal Covenants the best substi-
tute for Protection, Svo; and High Farming Vindicated, Svo.
"It must therefore be the interest of all persons connected with
land to encourage the extension of the more skilful and improved
agriculture described by Mr. Caird, and by every means to diffuse
the knowledge on which the profitable practice of the system de-
pends."-Edin. Rev., Oct. 1849.
Caird, John, minister of the Park Church, Glasgow.
1. Religion in Common Life; a Serm., Edin., 1856. 2. Serms.
1858, p. Svo.
Cairncross. Andr., Surgeon. Con. to Med. Com., 1781.
Cairns, Elizabeth. Autobiography, Glasg., 1762, Svo.
Cairus, John. College and Pastoral Life, fp. Svo.
"Written with an eye to the wants. difficulties, and dangers of
students in the midst of their college-life; and in this point of
view curious and valuable.”—Kitto's Journal of Sacred Lit.
Cairns, William, LL.D., Prof. of Logic and Belles-
Lettres in Belfast Coll. Moral Freedom, Lön., 1844, Svo.
"This appears to be an able and popular work on metaphysics,
as far as metaphysics can be popular."-Lon. Spectator.
Caius, John, Poet Laureate to Edward IV., trans.
The History of the Siege of Rhodes.
66
Caius, Kaye, Keye, Key, or Cay, John, 1510-
1573, an eminent English physician, was a native of Nor-
wich, and in 1529 was entered of Gonvil Hall, Cambridge,
to which he gave a large sum to build a new (now known
as Caius) College. (See Biog. Brit.) Hippocratis de Me-
dicamentis, De Medendi Methodo, &c., Basil, 1544, 8vo.
Treatises on the Sweating Sickness, 1552, &c. The best
description extant. He calls it a contagious pestilential
fever of one day," and describes it as prevailing “with a
mighty slaughter, and the destruction of it as tremendous
as the plague of Athens." By request of Gesner, he wrote
a treatise on British Dogs: De Canibus Britannicis, Li-
ber unus, &c., 1570, (&c., 8vo,) inserted entire in the British
Zoology of Pennant, who has followed his arrangement.
Of other works written by Caius, one of the principal is
De Antiquitate Cantabrigiensis Academiæ, Libri duo. Adi-
unximus Apportionem Antiquitatis Oxoniensis Academiæ:
ab Oxoniensi quodam, Lon., 1568, 12mo. The origin of
this work was as follows: Thomas Caius of Oxford had
Calabrella, Baroness de. Double Oath; a Novel,
Lon., 3 vols. p. Svo. Land of Promise, sm. 4to, 1844
Tempter and Tempted, 3 vols. p. Svo, 1842. Prism of
Thought, p. Svo, 1843. Prism of Imagination, p. 8vo, 1844.
"A more magnificent book for the drawing-room table it has
never been our lot to behold."-Lon. Anurt Journal.
Evenings at Haddon Hall; with engravings from de-
signs by George Cattermole, Esq., 1845, '49.
看看
​By far the most elegant, the most splendid, and the most in
trinsically valuable production of its class that has ever appeared.
Cattermole's designs are perfect gems of art."-Lon. Naval and
Military Gazette.
written in 1566, a treatise, Assertio antiquitatis Oxoniensis
Academiæ, in which he affirmed that Oxford was the most
ancient University, being founded by some Greek philoso-
phers, the companions of Brutus, and restored by King
Alfred in 870. It is said that Archbishop Parker sent a
copy of this treatise to John Caius of Cambridge, our au-
thor, and requested him to vindicate his University. It
was a labour of love with the valiant Cambridge man, who
wrote the above-named dissertation, which he pub. with the
Oxford champion's treatise. John Caius does not stop at
trifles, for so far is he from yielding the point, that he un-
dertakes to prove that Cambridge was founded by Cantaber,
397 years before Christ, and consequently was 1267 years
older than Oxford! Thomas Caius, nothing daunted, wrote
a critique upon his adversary's arguments. We commend
this subject to antiquaries who now adorn the halls of Ox-
ford and Cambridge. John Caius pub. a list of his works
in De Libris Propriis, Liber unus, 1570. He was one of
the best Grecians of his day.
Calamy, Edmund, 1600-1666, a native of London,
was admitted of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, 1616; made
Vicar of St. Mary's, in Swaffham Prior, Cambridgeshire,
which he resigned upon being appointed one of the lec-
turers of Bury St. Edmund's, Suffolk. Withdrawing from
the Established Church, he was, in 1639, chosen minister
of St. Mary's, Aldermanbury, where he continued for
twenty years, attracting attention by his eloquence in the
pulpit. He was a warm advocate of the Restoration, and
Charles II. on his return offered him the Bishopric of
Lichfield and Coventry, which he declined. He afterwards
fell into disgrace with the government in consequence of
the freedom of his remarks. Calamy was one of the five
authors of Smectymnus, an answer to Bishop Hall's Di-
vine Right of Episcopacy. He pub. a number of sermons,
&c., 1641-63. Vindication of the Presbyterian Govern-
ment and Ministry, 1650. Jus Divinum Ministerii Evange
lici Anglicani, 1654.
"He was, though a very learned man, yet a plain and practical
preacher, and one who was not afraid to speak his sentiments freely
of and to the greatest men."
Calamy, Edmund, 1671-1732, grandson of the pre-
ceding, was sent to the University of Utrecht, 1688; as-
sistant minister of a Nonconformist congregation, Black-
friars, London, 1692; pastor of a congregation at West-
minster, 1703. He pub. many sermons, &c., 1683-1729.
Excercitationes Philosophicæ, &c., Traj. ad Rhen., 1688,
4to. Abridgt. of Baxter's Life and Times, Lon., 1702,
8vo; 1713-27, 4 vols. 8vo; and Defence of Moderate Non-
conformity against Ollyffe and Hoadly, 1703-05, 3 vols. 8vo.
<.
There were animadversions on Dr. Calamy besides those of
Ollyffe and Hoadly; but much useful information is to be gleaned
from Calamy. His own life, written by himself. bas also been pub-
lished by J. T. Rutt, 2 vols. Svo. 1830.”—BICKERSTETH.
For a review of Calamy's autobiography vide Brit. Critic,
vii. 295. Letter to Archdeacon Echard upon occasion of
his History of England, 1718, 8vo. The Inspiration of
Sermons con-
the Scriptures, 1710, Svo, in 14 sermons.
cerning the Doctrine of the Trinity, with a Vindication of
1 John v. 7, 1722, 8vo.
"The discourses on the inspiration of the Scriptures are very
able, and defend those views of this important topic which are
generally held by the orthodox Dissenters.... More light bas
been thrown on the disputed passage in 1 John v. 7, since Calamy
wrote; but his defence of it is tolerably good for the time."-Orme's
Bibl. Bib.
The Life of Dr. Increase Mather, 1725, Svo. Noncon-
formist's Memorial; abridged by Samuel Palmer, Lon.,
1778, 2 vols. 8vo; 1802, 3 vols. 8vo.
Calamy, James, d. 1714, brother of Benjamin Ca-
Caius, Thomas, d. 1572, educated at, and Fellow of,
All Souls' College, Oxford, afterwards Prebendary of Sarum,
and master of University College, has been noticed under
the preceding article. Assertio Antiquitatis Oxoniensis.
Academiæ, Lon., 1568, 12mo; 1574, 4to. Vindicia Anti-lamy, Prebendary of Exeter, pub. a dedication to his
quitatis Universitatis Oxoniensis, contra Joannem Caium brother Benjamin. Sermons.
Cantabrigiensem. In lucem ex Autographo emisit, Tho.
Hearnius, Oxon., 1730, 2 vols. 8vo. At the request of
Catherine Parr, he trans. Erasmus's paraphrase on St.
Mark, and he also made translations from Aristotle's de
Mirabilibus Mundi, and the Tragedies of Euripides.
Calbris, B. Guide to French, Lon., 1797, 8vo.
Calcaskie, John. Trans. from Brentius of a theolog.
treatise, Lon., 1550.
Calcott, John Wall.
"An eminent Latinist, Grecian, poet, and orator; excellent also
for all kinds of worth."-Athen. Oxon.
See CALLCOTT.
8vo.
Calcott, Wellins. On Free Masor ry, Lon.,1769,
Caldcleugh, Alexander. Travels in £ uth America,
1819, 20, 21, Lon., 1825, 2 vols. 8vo.
320
CAL
CAL
"A work heavy and languid; but the author has added con-
siderably to our stock of information concerning several parts of
South America.”—Lon. Quarterly Review.
Caldecott, R. M. The Life of Baber, Emperor of
Hindostan, Lon., 1844, 8vo.
Calder, Robert, b. 1658, ordained about 1680, was
a minister of much note in the Episcopal Church of Scot-
land. He refused to acknowledge William and Mary,
and was deprived of his curacy. He suffered greatly from
suffered greatly
persecution. In 1689 was imprisoned
months in the Edinburgh jail for exercising his ministe-
rial functions. Among his publications are, The Divine
Right of Episcopacy, Edin., 1705, 8vo.
and Expediency of Set Forms of Prayer, 1706, 8vo. Mis-
cellany Numbers, 1713, 8vo. This was a weekly sheet in
defence of Episcopacy, the Liturgy, &c. His comparison
between the Kirk and the Church of Scotland, 1712, was
repub., Lon., 1841, 12mo, with a preface by Thomas Ste-
phens. His work on the Priesthood, now very scarce, has
been highly commended.
The Lawfulness
Calderon de La Barca, Madame Frances, a
native of Scotland, was a Miss Inglis. In 1838 she was
married to his Excellency Don Calderon de la Barca,
Spanish minister to the United States and subsequently to
Mexico. She has pub. a work entitled Life in Mexico;
with a preface by W. H. Prescott, the historian, 1843,
which has been most favourably received.
Caldecott, Thomas. Reports of Cases relative to
the Duty and Office of a Justice of the Peace, 1776-85,
Lon., 1786-1800, 4to; 3 parts.
Calder, Frederick.
metic, Lon., 12mo.
Explanation, &c. of Arith-
Calder, Jas., Surgeon. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1731.
Calder, John, D.D., 1733-1815, a native of Aber-
deen, preached for some time to a Dissenting congregationing in the Garden of Vertue, Lon., sine anno,
near Tower.
the
Sermon, 1772, 8vo. Trans. of Le Cou-
rayer's Last Sentiments on Religion, 1787, 12mo. Notes
to Nichols's edit. of the Tatler, 1786, 6 vols. 8vo.
He was
not successful in an attempt to prepare for publication an
improved edit. of Chambers's Cyclopædia. The duty was
assigned to Dr. Abraham Rees. See Nichols's Literary
Anecdotes, &c.
• ··
"Madame Calderon's book has all the natural liveliness and
tact, and readiness of remark, which are sure to distinguish the
first production of a clever woman. A more genuine book, in
air, as well as reality, it would be difficult to find."-Edin. Review.
"Here the wife of a Spanish Ambassador permits the publica-
tion of journals written in a land hitherto unvisited by any one
gifted with so keen an eye and so pleasant a pen."-Lon. Athenæum.
Calderwood, David, 1575-1651? an eminent Scotch
divine and Church historian; minister of Crailling, near
Jedburgh, 1604; deprived, for opposition to Episcopacy,
1617; returned home from a visit to Holland, 1625. He
pub. several treatises, but is best known by his History of
the Church of Scotland, 1560-1625, 1678, fol. This is a
nere abridgment from the author's MS. History, which
was given to the world by the Wodrow Society, S vols.
bvo, 1842-49.
"In high esteem with the men of its author's principles.”-
BISHOP NICOLSON.
"The history in favour of Presbyterianism.”—BICKERSteth.
"Written in a way, both with respect to the spirit and style of
it, which renders it very unpleasant in the perusal."-Bing. Brit.
Altare Damascenum, 1621, '23, 4to; in English, 1621,
12mo, under the title of the Altar of Damascus, or the
Pattern of the English Hierarchy and Church obtruded
upon the Church of Scotland.
8vo; also Biographical Notice by Dr. B. H. Coates before
Amer. Phil. Soc.
Calderwood, Robert. Con. to Med. Com., 1784.
Caldwall, or Chaldwell, Richard, M.D., 1513?-
1585, was a Fellow of Brazen ose College, Oxford, and in
1570 elected President of the College of Physicians. The
Tables of Surgery, trans. from H. Moro, a Florentine
sician, Lon., 1585.
Caldwell, Andrew, 1752-1808. Public Buildings
of Dublin, 1770.
"Very judicious observations."
Escape of James Stewart from some Turks, Lon., 1804,
fol.; privately printed.
Caldwell, Howard H., b. 1832, at Newberry, S.C.
Oliatta, and other Poems, N.Y., 1855, 12mo. Poems, Boɛt.,
1858, 12mo. See South. Lit. Mess., July, 1858.
Caldwell, Charles, M.D., 1772-1853, a learned phy-
sician of Philadelphia. In 1795 he trans. Blumenbach's
Elements of Physiology, Medical and Physical Memoirs;
containing, among other subjects, a Particular Inquiry
into the Nature of the Pestilential Epidemies of the United
States, Lon., 1801, 8vo. In 1814 he succeeded Nicholas
Biddle as editor of the Port Folio. In 1816, edited Cullen's
Practice of Physic. Life and Campaigns of General
Greene, 1819. His published writings and translations
from 1794 to 1851 amount to upwards of 200 articles. See
his Autobiography, with Preface, Notes, &c., Phila., 1855,
treatises, 1764, '65, '79. Affairs of Ireland, 1765, 2 vols.
Caldwell, Sir James. Political and Commercial
8vo.
Caldwell, James Stamford. Laws of Arbitra-
tion, 1817. Results of Reading, 1843, 8vo.
Caldwell, John. Sermon, Lon., 1577, 8vo.
Caldwell, Joseph. Fiue Diuine Branches spring-
Caldwell, Thomas. A Select Collection of Ancient
and Modern Epitaphs and Inscriptions, 1796, 12mo.
Caldwell, William W., b. 1823, Newburyport, Mass.;
grad. Bowdoin Coll., 1843; a poet, has pub. some trans-
lations from the German.
Calef, Robert, d. 1719, a merchant of Boston, dis-
tinguished himself by opposing Cotton Mather and other
believers in witchcraft. The excellent Mather-for such
World, 4to. Mr. Calef thought proper to oppose the witch-
he truly was-pub. in 1692 The Wonders of the Invisible
craft-theory, and answered this work in his More Wonders
of the Invisible World Displayed, 5 parts, Lon., 1700; re-
printed at Salem in 1700. This publication excited great
indignation. Dr. Increase Mather, President of Harvard
College in 1700, ordered the book to be burned in the college-
yard, and the members of the Old North Church pub. a
defence of their pastors, the Mathers, entitled Remarks
upon a Scandalous Book, &c., with the motto, Truth will
come off conqueror.
Calep, Ralph. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1708.
Cales, Thomas. Voyages, &c.
Caley, John, 1763-1834, a learned antiquary, Secre-
tary to the National Record Commission during its conti-
nuance, 1801-31, was joint editor in 14 of the works un-
dertaken by the Commissioners. He was also joint editor
Dugdale's Monasticon, pub. in 54 parts, forming & vols.
with Dr. Bandinell and Sir Henry Ellis of a new edit. of
folio, at £141 158., 1817-30. He contributed several arti-
cles to the Archæologia, viz.: A Memoir of the Origin of
the Jews in England, vol. viii., 1787; Extract from a MS.
in the Augmentation Office, ix., 1789 A Valuation of
Corpus Christi Shrine at York, x., 1790; A Survey of the
Manor of Wymbledon, x., 1792.
Calhoun, John Caldwell, 1782-1850, a distin-
guished American statesman, was born in Abbeville dis-
trict, South Carolina, on the 18th of March. During "a
period of forty years he rendered faithful services to the
Union in the various capacities of Representative, Secre-
tary of War, Vice-President, and Senator." He died at
Washington City on the 31st of March, 1850.
"Few men have been called upon to pass through scenes of
higher political excitement, and to encounter more vigorous and
judices which party feeling engenders, and all the jealousy of po-
unrelenting opposition thau Mr. Calhoun; yet, amid all the pre-
litical rivals, and all the animosity of political opponents, no one
has ever ventured to hazard his own reputation for judgment or
phy-sincerity so far as to doubt one moment his great and command-
talents."
Calfhill, or Calfill, James, 1530-1570, entered
King's College, Cambridge, 1545; Christ Church, Oxford,
1548; Prebendary of St. Paul's, 1562; nominated by
Queen Elizabeth to the Bishopric of Worcester, 1570, but
died that year. Querela Oxoniensis Academicæ ad Can-
tabrigiam, Lon., 1552, 4to. A Latin Poem. Historia de
Exhumatione Catherinæ, &c., Lon., 1562, Svo. An An-
swere to the Treatise of the Crosse, 1565, 4to.
in his elder, an exact disputant, and had an excellent faculty in
"He was in his younger days a noted poet and comedian, and
speaking and preaching."—Athen, Oxon.
54. &c., 6 vols. Svo.
Works, edited by Richard K. Cralle, New York, 1853-
We annex some notices of Mr. Calhoun's Essay on Go-
vernment, (vol. i. of his works,) to which he devoted the
careful attention of many of his leisure hours:
tise for quotation, we should be at great difficulty to separate,
“If we were called upon to select any one portion of the Trea-
where all is so closely connected. The history of parties in our
Union, the profound speculations on the dangers attending our
future destinies and their remedies, the account of the formation
of our Colonial Governments, and of our federative system, and
vernment, are alike admirable. No piece of reasoning can be more
the demonstration that this is a federal, and not a national, go-
conclusive than this vindication of the doctrine of State sove
reignty. Every truth has more to fear from its half-way friends
than its avowed enemies. Few persons venture to deny that the
selves, under the sophism of a divided sovereignty. They contend
states are sovereign, but their federalism is hidden even to them-
that our system is partly federal and partly national, and imagine
327
CAL
CAL
that both the several States and the Union are sovereign. To ex-
pose this fallacy it is necessary to have a just conception of sove
reignty. Mr. Calhoun's philosophical habits of thought kept this
ever present to his mind. . . Our free quotations have afforded
to the reader some opportunity of judging of Mr. Calhoun's style.
It has none of that curious felicity which makes some books plea-
sant reading, apart from the value of the ideas. There is less of
that magnificent imagery which adorns Burke's thoughts. without
encumbering them, and illuminates the reason with the splendour
of the imagination: though occasionally images of great brilliancy
flash, with meteor-like swiftness, across the path of Calhoun's dis-
course. The rhythm of his style seems rugged, when read in an
ordinary tone; but give it the earnest emphasis which marked
his manner of speaking, and its march beats time to its meaning."
-Suthern Quarterly Review, vol. vii., New Series, 378, April, 1853.
"We return to this volume, however, only for the purpose of
taking leave of it with an expression of sincere respect for the
frankness and ability with which it is written, and for the honesty
of the author's purposes, however we may dissent from many of
his opinions."-North Amer. Review, vol. lxxvi. 507, April, 1853.
"The eloquence of Mr. Calhoun, or the manner in which he ex-
hibited his sentiments in public bodies, was part of his intellec-
tual character. It grew out of the qualities of his mind. It was
plain, strong, terse, condensed, concise; sometimes impassioned.
still always severe. Rejecting ornament, not often seeking far for
illustrations, his power consisted in the plainness of his proposi-
tions, in the closeness of his logic, and in the earnestness and
energy of his manner."-HON. DANIEL WEBSTER: Speech in the
Senate of the United States, on the day when the deuth of Mr. Cul-
houn was announced,
See Life of John C. Calhoun, with Selections from his
Speeches and State Papers, by John S. Jenkins, Aub., 12mo.
Callaghan, Dr. Vindicia Catholicorum Hiberniæ,
Paris, 1650, 12mo.
Call, Daniel. Reports of Cases adjudged in the
Court of Appeals of Virginia, 1790-1818; 2d edit., by
Joseph Tate, Richmond, 1824-33, 6 vols. 8vo.
"Mr. Call's style of reporting is quite inartificial. His state
ments of facts are long, overloaded, and perplexed. His marginal
notes of abstracts are confused, and often do not present the points
distinctly; and his index, or table of matters, is defective in ar
rangement."-American Jurist.
Callam, James. Account of a Voyage from the
Cape of Good Hope to Botany Bay, 1789, 8vo.
Callanan, James Joseph, Irish poet, b. at Cork,
1795, d. at Lisbon, 1829, partly educated at Maynooth
College for the Roman Catholic priesthood. He subsequently
entered Trinity College, Dublin, with a view of becoming
a barrister, and there produced two Prize Poems,-one on
the Accession of George IV., the other on the Restoration
by Alexander the Great of the Spoils of Athens. Suddenly
abandoning the
and the of the the
remainder of his life in Ireland was spent in the duties of
tutorship, partly in private families and partly in the
school kept at Cork by the celebrated Dr. William Maginn.
Encouraged by this great scholar, Callanan translated a
series of six Irish Popular Songs, which appeared in 1823
in vol. xiii. of Blackwood's Magazine. Between this time
and 1827, when he quitted Ireland for Lisbon, Callanan |
wrote numerous poems, of which the most ambitious was
"The Recluse of Inchidony," in the Spenserian stanza. His
most successful pieces were lyrical. The best are "The
Virgin Mary's Bank," and the spirited ballad-ode called
"Gouzane Barra," commencing
"There is a green island in lone Gouzane Barra,
Where Alua of songs rushes forth as an arrow,”—
the most perfect, perhaps, of all Irish minor poems in the
melody of its rhythm, the flow of its language, and the
weird force of its expression. Mr. Callanan died as he was
about returning to Ireland. A small 12mo volume of his
Poems was published at Cork almost simultaneously with
his death. A new edition, with a Memoir,-chiefly an ex-
pansion of an article in Bolster's Quarterly Magazine of
Ireland, appeared in 1847, and a 3d edition, edited by M.
F. McCarthy, author of the Memoir, was issued in 1848.
Callander, Jas. Military Maxims, Lon., 1782, 12mo.
Callander, John, d. 1789, a Scotch Lawyer, Fellow
and Secretary for Foreign Correspondence of the Society
of Scottish Antiquaries, presented this body with 5 vols.
folio, of his MS. works, and annotations upon Milton's
Paradise Lost in 9 vols. folio! What an opportunity for |
some editor of the British Homer! Two Ancient Scottish
Poems: the Gaberlunzie Man and Christ's Kirk on the
Green, with Notes and Observations, Edin., 1782, 8vo.
"The deficiencies of Callander as an editor are amply compen-
sated by his uncommon erudition as a philologist."
An Essay towards a literal version of the New Testa-
ment in the Epistle to the Ephesians, Glasg., 1779.
"This is a very curious specimen of literal rendering, in which
the order of the Greek words is rigidly followed, and the English
idiom entirely abandoned, to the utter destruction of the elegance
and meaning of the original. . . . The curiosity of the work is
The curiosity of the work is
that the notes are in Greek: a proof, certainly, of Mr. Callander's
earning, but not of his wisdom."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Callander, John. Terra Australis Cognita, or
Voyages to the Southern Hemisphere during the 16th,
17th, and 18th centuries, Edin., 1766-68, 3 vols. 8vo.
Callaway, John, ten years a Missionary at Ceylon.
Oriental Observations and Occasional Criticisms, more of
less illustrating several hundred passages of Scripture,
Lon., 1827, 12mo.
elucidations of the sacred volume which will be sought in vain in
"This little and unassuming volume contains many valuable
elucidations of the sacred volume which will be sought in vain in
some of its more voluminous predecessors."-HORNE.
"The notes are, for the most part, brief; and when suggested
by the author's personal observations, interesting, and to the pur
pose."-Lon. Eclectic Review.
Callcott, Sir Augustus Wall, R.A., 1779-1843
Illustrations of the Chapel of the Annunziato dell'Arena,
or Giotto's Chapel, in Padua, consisting of fine wood-
engravings of paintings by the celebrated Giotto, with
descriptions by Lady Callcott, imperial 4to, 1845.
•
"This work was published by Sir A. Callcott to preserve a me
morial of these interesting fresco paintings, executed in 1306 and
now rapidly perishing. It may assist persons,' he says, 'in re-
calling the admiration with which they cannot fail to have con-
templated this monument of one of the greatest geniuses of an
age fertile in great men.'"
Callcott, John Wall, 1766-1821, Musical Doctor,
brother of the preceding.
brother of the preceding. Musical Grammar. 1806, '09,
Svo. Keyed Instruments, 1807. He left many MS. volumes
intended as materials for a comprehensive Musical Dic-
tionary. His Musical Grammar is much esteemed. It
is to be deeply regretted that he did not complete his Dic-
tionary. Are we not in want of such a guide? and who
shall furnish it?
Callcott, Maria, Lady, 1788–1843, a daughter of
Rear-Admiral George Dundas, was married first to Cap-
tain Thomas Graham, R. N., and after his decease became
the wife of Mr. (afterwards Sir Augustus) Callcott. Lady
Callcott saw much of the world in her extensive peregri-
nations in India, South America, Italy, Spain, &c. Travels
in India, 1812. Three Months in the Environs of Rome,
1819, 1820. Memoirs of the Life of Poussin, 1820. His-
toire de France, 18mo. History of Spain, 1828. Essays
towards the History of Painting, 1836. Other works. Her
last work was A Scripture Herbal, with upwards of 120
Wood Engravings, 1842, c. Svo.
•
“Executed in a very meritorious and interesting manner.
The Book is altogether AN EXCELLENT BIBLE COMPANION; we can
bestow no higher praise."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
·
Lady Callcott devoted the last two years of her life to
drawing the specimens of the plants, and collecting the
best works on Botany to furnish materials for this valu-
able work.
Callcott, Maria Hutchins. Rome amongst Stran-
gers; a Tale, Lon., 1848, 2 vols. fp. 8vo.
"A very simple yet graceful story. There is much variety in
the story, and the sketches of character are exceedingly good "-
Lon. Church and State Gazrtle.
A
Callender, James T., drowned at Richmond, Vir-
ginia, 1803, was an exile for the following pamphlet, The
Political Progress of Britain, &c., Edin., 1792, '95, Svo.
Political Register, or Proceedings in Congress, Nov. 3,
1794, to March 3, 1795, vol. 1, 2 parts, Phila., 1795, Svó.
Sketches of the History of America, 1798. He was at one
time a friend, afterwards a violent opponent, of Thomas
Jefferson. See Jefferson's Letters; Coi. Cent., July 30,
1803; Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.
Callender, John, of R. Island. Serms., 1739, '45.
Callicot, Theophilus Carey, b. 1826, in Cornwall,
England. His parents settled in Fairfax co., Va., in his
childhood. Grad. Delaware Coll.; studied law under Judge
Storrs at the Yale Law School, and was admitted to the
bar in N.Y. City in 1847. His pen has been employed
chiefly in contributing literary, political, and legal articles
to the newspapers, magazines, and law-journals, and in
editing the works of others for the press. Histoire du
Canada; from the French of Abbé Brasseur de Bourbourg
M. S. Lemoine's Etudes on the Tragedies of Shakspeare,
pub. N.Y. Musical World, 1852. Handbook of Universal
Geography, N.Y., 1853, 12mo; new ed., revised, 1856.
Callis, Robert. The Case and Arguments against
Sir Ignoramus, Lon., 1648, 4to. Reading upon the Sta-
tute of Sewers, 1647, '85, '86, 1710; 5th and best edit.,
with the Notes of Mr. Serg. Hill, by W. J. Broderip,
Lon., 1824.
Calman, E. S.
Syria, Lon., 1837, Svo.
1840, 12mo.
Description of the Earthquake in
Errors of Modern Judaism, Lon.,
Calthrop, Charles. The Relation between a Lord
of a Manor and a Copyholder, Lon., 1635, 4to.
"It is a legal production of very considerable value in the opi
nion of qualified judges."
328
CAL
CAM
Calthrop, Sir Harry. Liberties, Usages, and Cus-
toms of the City of London, 1612, 4to; and in the Somers
Collection of Tracts. It is a sort of alphabetical index to
the Liber Albus. Reports of Cases rel. to City of London,
1655, '70, 12mo.
"Prettily reported, and well worth reading."
Sermon, 1759, 8vo.
Sermons, Lon., 1839, 2 vols. 8vo.
Passion and Discretion of Youth
England's Sad Pastime, 1644,
4to. Zion's Thankful Echoes,
Calthrop, John.
Calthrop, John.
Calver, Edward.
and Age, Lon., 1641, 4to.
8vo. Royal Visions, 1648,
1649, 4to.
Calverly, William. Dyalogue betwene the Playn-
tife and the Defendaunt: compyled whyles he was Prisoner
in the Towre of London, 4to.
Calvert, Cecilius, Lord Baltimore, Proprietor
of Maryland, son of the founder. The Case of Lord Balti-
more concerning the Province of Maryland, adjoining to
Virginia, Lon., 1653, 4to: for an account of this publica-
tion and the rejoinder thereto, see Park's Walpole's R. &
N. Authors, v. 177.
Calvert, Frederick, Lord Baltimore, Pro-
prietor of Maryland, 1731-1771, eldest son of Charles, 6th
Lord Baltimore, died at Naples, leaving his property to
his son Henry Harford. A Tour to the East in 1763-64,
Lon., 1767, 12mo. Gaudia Poetica, Latina, Anglica, et
Gallica Lingua composita, 1769. Augustæ Litteris Spa-
thianis, 1770; very rare; sold at Reed's sale for £6 108.
Coelestes et Inferni, Venitiis, 1771, 4to; also rare.
"Lord Baltimore's travels deserved no more to be published
than his bills on the road for post-horses; but they prove that a
man may travel without observation, and be an author without
ideas."-IIORACE WALPOLE.
Calvert, Frederick. A Treatise upon the Law re-
specting Parties to Suits in Equity, Lon., 1837, Svo.
S
It exhibits no acquaintance either with practice of Equity
drawing, or the modes of reasoning which a knowledge of its
principles would suggest.”—1 Jurist, 138.
Observations on Proceedings in Equity as to Joint Stock
Companies, with suggestions, Lon., 1842, Svo.
.66
“A brief and able pamphlet upon a subject of acknowledged
difficulty."-5 Jurist, 186.
"This is a book after our own heart,—fresh, animated, vigorous,
and independent."-N. P. WILLIS.
Also highly commended by H. T. Tuckerman.
S. Poems, Bost., 1847. 9. Oration on the Fortieth Anni-
versary of the Battle of Lake Erie, delivered at Newport,
R.I., Sept. 1853, Camb., 1853, Svo. A valuable contribu-
tion. See Duyckincks' Cyc. Amer. Lit. 10. Comedies,
Rost., 1856, 12mo. 11. Social Science; a Discourse, in
3 Parts, N.Y., 1856, 12mo. Also contributed many valu-
able articles to the North American and other Reviews.
Camden, William, 1551-1623, "The British Pau-
sanias," was a native of London, a son of Sampson Cam-
den, a house-painter, who had removed from Lichfield to
the metropolis. His mother was of the ancient family of
the Curwens of Workington, in Cumberland. He received
the rudiments of education in Christ's Hospital and St.
Paul's school, and in his 15th year was admitted a servitor
Magdalen College, Oxford. Failing to obtain a demi's
place here, he removed to Broadgate's Hall, now Pembroke
College. He was unsuccessful as a candidate for a Fel-
lowship in All Souls' College, and in 1570 failed in ob-
Calvert, George Henry, a great-grandson of Lord
Baltimore, was b. in Prince George's county, Maryland,
Jan. 2, 1803. 1. Illustrations of Phrenology, Balt., 1832.
2. A Volume from the Life of Herbert Barclay, Balt., 1835.
3. Schiller's Don Carlos, translated, Balt., 1836. 4. Count
Julian; a Tragedy, Balt., 1840. 5. Cabiro; Two Cantos,
Bult., 1840. 6. Correspondence between Schiller and
Goethe, translated, N.Y., 1845. 7. Scenes and Thoughts
in Europe, 1st Series, N. York, 1846; 2d Series, N. York,
1852.
Respecting this worthy nobleman, and the early history
of Maryland, see Biog. Brit.; Athen. Oxon.; Park's Wal-taining the degree of A.B. This, however, was conferred
pole's R. & N. Authors: Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.
upon him in 1573. In 1575 he was appointed second mas-
ter of Westminster school, and in 1593 was advanced to
the post of head master. From the troublesome, though
honourable, duties pertaining to this office he was relieved
in 1597, when, by the interest of Sir Fulke Greville, he
was appointed to the office of Clarencieux King-at-Arms.
He was now enabled to pursue those antiquarian pursuits—
by extensive peregrination through England and diligent
study of records-the results of which have conferred so
much celebrity upon his name. After ten years of inde-
fatigable industry he pub. 1586, in Latin, Svo, the first
edition of the Britannia. The title retained in all the
editions was as follows: Britannia, sive Florentissimorum
centium, ex intima Antiquitate, Chorographica Descriptio,
Regnorum Angliæ, Scotiæ, Hiberniæ, et Insulatum adja-
2d edit., 1587, 12mo; 3d, 1590; 4th, 1594, 4to; 5th, 1600;
6th and last edit., corrected by the author, 1607, fol.; the
1st edit. with Maps. As the work passed from one edition
to another, enlargements, corrections, and improvements
were made. The 4th edit., 1594, was attacked by Ralph
Brooke, who was answered in the Apology to the Reader in
the 5th edit. Brooke again took up the cudgels;—but of
this controversy we have already treated under Ralph
Holland, who is supposed to have consulted the author,
Brooke. In 1610 the Britannia was trans. by Philemon
which impression confers great credit upon this version.
The best edit. is that of 1637, fol. In 1695 Bishop Gibson
trans. The Britannia into English, with large additions at
the end of each county and Holland's most material notes
at the bottom of each page. The names of Bishop Gib-
son's condjutors in this labour will be found in the Censura
and again in 1772, 2 vols. fol., with some corrections and
Literaria. This trans. was reprinted in 1753, 2 vols. fol.,
improvements from his lordship's MS. in his own copy.
A first vol. of a trans. by William Oldys was printed in
4to, but Mr. Gough thinks was never finished nor dated.
The last and most complete trans. of this great work was
Mr. Calvert is a scholar of refined tastes and susceptibilities,
educated in the school of Goethe, who looks upon the world, at
home and abroad, in the light not merely of genial and ingenious
reflection, but with an eye of philosophical practical improve
ment."-Library World.
Calvert, Robert, M.D. Reflections on Fever, Lon.
1815, 8vo. Treatise on Hæmorrhoides, 8vo.
Calvert, Thomas, 1606–1679, uncle of James Cal
vert, and Vicar of Trinity, York. Mel Coeli, on Isaiah
liii. 1657, 4to. The Blessed Jew of Morocco, 1648, 8vo.
Three Sermons, 1660. Heart Salve for a Wounded Soul,
&c., 1675, 12mo.
Calvert, George, Lord Baltimore, 1582?-1632,
founder of the Province of Maryland, M. P. for Oxford,
and Privy Counsellor to James I. 1. Carmen Funebre in
D. Hen. Útonum ad Gallos bis Legatum, ibique nuper fato
Functum, Oxon., 1596, 4to. 2. Speeches in Parliament.
3. Various letters of State. 4. The Answer of Tom Tell-in
Truth. 5. The Practice of Princes. 6. The Lamentation
of the Kirk, 1642, 4to.
Calvert, James, d. 1698, a Nonconformist divine,
educated at Clare Hall, Cambridge, a native of York, pub.
a work on the Ten Tribes: Naphthali, seu Collectatio Theo-
logica, de reditu decem tribuum, conversione, et mensibus
Ezekielis, Lon., 1672, 4to.
Calvert, John. The Psalter and Canticles in the
Morning and Evening Services of the Church of England,
Lon.. 1844. Anthems, 1844.
"Mr. Calvert's manual, with appropriate prefatory remarks, is a
further acquisition to those who delight in chanting."-Church
Magazine.
Calvert, Sir Pet. Speech rel. to Mrs. Inglefield, 1781.
Cam, Joseph, M.D. Med. treatises, 1729, '31, 8vo.
Cam, T. C., surgeon. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1805.
Cambden, John. Funeral serm., 1714, 8vo.
Cambel, Lord of Lorne. Speech, Lon., 1641, fol
Cambrensis. See BARRY, GIRALD.
Cambridge, Richard Owen, 1717-1802, was en-
tered a gentleman commoner of St. John's College, Oxford,
in 1734 became a member of Lincoln's Inn, 1737, and in
1741 was married to Miss Trenchard. About 1750 he re-
moved to Twickenham, where he resided in his beautiful
villa for the remainder of his life. The Scribleriad; an
heroic Poem, in six books, Lon., 1751, 4to. The parodies
in this poem upon well-known passages of Virgil and other
classical poets have been much admired. False taste and
pretended science are freely exposed.
The Dialogue between a Member of Parliament and his
Servant, 1752. The Intruder; a Poem, 1754, 4to. War
in India between the English and French in the Coroman-
del, 1750, '60, '61, 4to.
"Valuable for its accuracy and authenticity."-LOWNDES.
This was intended to have been continued on an exten-
sive scale, partly by means of Mr. Orme's papers, but the
project was abandoned in consequence of Mr. Orme's pre-
paration of his valuable History, pub. 1763-78, 3 vols. 4to.
Mr. Cambridge wrote 21 of the best papers in the periodi-
cal called The World. Works, [excepting the War in In-
dia,] with Life and Character, by his son the Rev. George
Owen Cambridge, 1803, 4to. Mr. Cambridge entertained
the literary stars of his day at his hospitable villa at
Twickenham.
Camden, Lord, Arguments of, Lon., 1776, 4to; and
see Supplement vol. of Hargrave's State Trials.
3:29
CAM
CAM
•
pub. in 1789, (enlarged,) 3 vols. fol., by Richard Gough,' of England which was held by James I. The royal war-
an antiquary of great learning. Mr. Gough superintended, rant for the publication of part first empowered Camden
the first vol. of a new edit., but in 1806 declined proceed- to publish "so much of the History of England in Latin
ing with his labours. He announced this determination as we have perused," &c.
to the papers, that no improper use might be made of his
name. The work, however, was completed in 4 vols. fol.,
1806, and is sold for about the same price as the other im-
pression, say £7. Dr. Bliss suggests that the University
of Oxford, to which Gough bequeathed his collections re-
lating to British Topography, should pub. a new edit. of
the Britannia. Lirizæus pub. a Latin abridgment of the
original work, 1617, 12mo; 2d edit., 1639, 12mo; Amst.,
1648, fol. An edit. by Bleau in French, with maps en-
graved by Speed, was pub., Amst., 1662, fol. An abridgt.
of the original by Charles Blackwell appeared, Lon., 1701,
2 vols. 8vo; with addits., 1728, 2 vols. fol.
The value of the Britannia can hardly be over-rated:
"The glory of this queen's reign, as well as her successor's, and
the prince of our English antiquaries, was Mr. Camden, whose life
has been written at large by Dr. Smith, Mr. Wood, and Dr. Gibson.
So that I need not here mention any of its particulars. His Bri-
tannia is the book which chiefly respects the subject of this chap
ter; and may honestly be stiled the common sun, whereat our
modern writers have all lighted their little torches."-BISHOP NI-
COLSON: English Hist. Library, chap. i.
The work, even in its first and imperfect edition, was
declared to be "an honour to its author, and the glory of
his country." He was encouraged by that which was of
more value than mere public commendation-the applause
of the learned in matters of antiquarian research. We
give a specimen:
"I thank you most heartily, good. Mr. Camden, for the use of
these books of yours, since they deliver many things that are not, so
far as I do know, elsewhere to be had, and the same no less learnedly
picked out than delicately uttered and written."-Letter from
William Lambard, the famous Kentish antiquary, July 9, 1585.
:
"Hearne in one of his MS. Diaries in the Bodleian, (vol. lxv. pp.
115, 116.) says, There is in the Ashmolean Museum amongst Mr.
Ashmole's books, a very fair folio Manuscript, handsomely bound,
containing an English translation of Mr. Camden's Britannia by
Richard Knolles, the same that writ the History of the Turks.
This book was found lock'd up in a box, in Mr. Camden's study,
after his death. Mr. Camden set a great value upon it. I suppose
it was presented by the author to Mr. Camden.' This volume is
now the MS. Ashmole, 849.”
We quote an account of a most desirable copy adver-
tised lately by Mr. Geo. Willis, London:
Camden's Britannia, translated and enlarged by Gough
and Nichols. Last edition, illustrated with about 3000
additional portraits, engravings, maps, &c., in 15 vols.
royal folio, uncut, £16 168., 1806.
"A valuable and very extensive collection of Portraits and Plates,
to illustrate this work. collected from the antiquarian publications
of Pennant, J. T. Smith, S. R. Meyrick, Views of Antiquities, Cas-
tles, Abbeys, Churches, &c., by Sandby, Storer, Greig, Allom, &c.
Portraits by Vertue. Lombert, Lely, (including Richardson's Col-
lection,) Cuttings and Selections from topographical and historical
works, &c."
In 1597 he pub. his Greek Grammar for the use of West-
minster school, which when D. Smith pub. his life, in 1691,
had gone through forty impressions. It was superseded
at Westminster about 1650, by Busby's Grammar. In
1600 he gave to the world a description of the monuments
in Westminster Abbey-Reges Reginæ Nobiles, etc.; re-
printed with additions in 1603 and 1606, 4to.
In 1603
appeared his collection of Historians-Asser, Walsingham,
De la More, Cambrensis, &c., Franck., fol. From these
writers he had intended to compile a civil history of Great
Britain, but abandoned the project. The article "Nor-
man" is a part of the proposed work. In 1605 he pub.
Remaines of a greater work concerning Britain, &c., fol.:
and 1614, 1627, 1629, 1635, 4to; 6th edit. enlarged by Sir
John Phillpot and W. D., 1637, 4to; 7th edit., 1674, 8vo.
This is a collection of fragments illustrative of the habits,
manners, and customs of the ancient Britons and Saxons.
At the desire of James I. he drew up, in Latin, an account
of the Gunpowder plot,-Actio in Henricum Garnetum
Societatis Jesuiticæ, etc., 1607, 4to.
"Performed with great accuracy, elegance, and spirit."
"Some objections were made with respect to the account he has
given of the unfortunate Mary, Queen of Scots, as if he had been
sovereign: but there does not appear any just ground for these
biassed therein, from a complaisance for her son, who was his
suggestions: much less for what has been asserted, that his work
was altered or castrated, and that it did not appear to the world
as it fell originally from his pen."-Bing. Brit.
However innocent Camden may have felt of cause for
any just censure, he doubtless was conscious that he was
placed in a position which no historian should occupy;
and that he had erred in publishing his work under such
circumstances. He intrusted a copy of the original MS.
of the second portion to his friend Mr. Dupuy, who was
ordered to publish it after the historian's decease. The
trust was discharged. It was first printed at Leyden,
1625, Svo; and again at London, 1627, fol.; Leyden, 1639,
8vo; an English trans. by Thomas Brown, Lon., 1628,
4to; in English, 1635, fol.; Latin, Lugd Bat., 1639, 8vo;
London, 1675, fol.; the same, Amst., 1677, Svo; in Eng-
lish, Lon., 1688, fol.; best edit., by Hearne, from Dr.
Smith's copy, corrected by Camden's own hand, collated
with a MS. in Rawlinson's library, Oxf., 1717, 3 vols. 8vo;
and see Kennet's Collection, ii., 1706.
"The method is clear and plain, judiciously laid down, and
constantly pursued, with equal accuracy, skill, and attention.
The style is grave, and suited to the majesty of the history, never
swelling into a false sublime, or sinking even in the relation of
the smallest circumstances, but even and elegant throughout,
free from any mixture of affectation, and from a vain and needless
ostentation of learning: no way deficient in necessary circum-
stances, never loaded with tedious or trifling particularities, but
proceeding in so just and equal a manner that the attention of
the reader is continually retained, and never embarrassed by any
ambiguity or doubtfulness of expression."-Biog. Brit. ~
"A most exquisite history."-BISHOP NICOLSON: English Hist.
Library.
"Camden's Annals of Elizabeth and Bacon's Hist. of Henry
VII. are the only two Lives of the Sovereigns of England which
come up to the dignity of the subject, either in fulness of matter
or beauty of composition."—SELDEN.
The reader will be pleased to know the opinion of Mr.
Hume:
"Camden's History of Queen Elizabeth may be esteemed good
composition, both for style and matter. It is written with simpli-
city of expression, very rare in that age, and with a regard to
truth. It would not, perhaps. be too much to affirm that it is
among the best historical productions which have yet been com-
posed by any Englishman. It is well known that the English
have not much excelled in that kind of literature."-Hist. of Eng.
Dr. Robertson protests against Camden's version of
Scottish affairs under Queen Mary as more inaccurate than
any which has come down to us. Doubtless the historian
was placed in circumstances calculated to cause him to fa-
vour the character of Elizabeth. Annales Jacobi Reges,
1603-23, Lon., 1691, 4to; in English, see Kennet's Collec-
tion. Epistola cum Appendice varii argumenti, Lon.,
1691, 4to. Description of Scotland, Edin., 1695, Sro.
Antiquities and Office of Herald in England, Oxf., 1720,
Svo. Ipsius et illustrium Virorum, &c., Lon., 1691, 4to.
Camden also wrote some poems, epitaphs, and antiquarian
Vide Hearne's Collection, &c. The name of
essays.
Camden is, undoubtedly, one of the most distinguished
which adorns the English annals.
reigners, is, at the same time, a tribute to his merit, and to the
"The high reputation bis writings acquired him amongst fo-
glory of this nation, which owes to few of her worthies in the Re-
public of Letters more than to him, whose fame extended through-
out Europe, and yet escaped the rage of critics wherever it came.
This was certainly owing, in a great measure. to the sweetness and
foreign nations all were ready to commend, and none cared to dis-
candour of his temper, which so qualified his learning, that in
pute with him."-Bing. Brit.
"In his writings he was candid and modest, in his conversation
easy and innocent, and in his whole life even and exemplary."-
BISHOP GIBSON. See Life in Gough's Camden: Biog. Brit.; Life
by Smith: Athen. Oxon.
Camell, Robert. Three Serms., 1726, 8vo.
Camell, Thomas. 1. Reoindre to Churchyarde.
2. Answer to Goodman Chappel's Supplication, sine anno.
"These are two short poems, in an odd kind of metre, and un-
couth spelling."
It was immediately condemned by the Inquisition. His
attached friend and patron, Lord Burleigh, had in 1597, a
year before his death, urged Camden to compile a history
of the reign of Elizabeth. His lordship had carefully
noted the events and actors of the time, and his informa-
tion and literary records were of invaluable assistance to
the historian. Camden completed the first part of his task,
extending to 1589, in 1615, when it was pub. under the
title of Annales rerum Anglicarum et Hibernicarum reg-phica, Paris, 1630. Antiquitatis de novitate victoriæ,
nante Elizabetha ad an salutis, 1589, fol. We can readily Fast., 1635, 4to. Scoticanæ Ecclesiæ infantia, laris,
imagine the difficulty under which a historian laboured 1643, 4to.
who could only publish his MS. after inspection by one Camerarius,
occupying the position to Mary of Scotland and Elizabeth | Paris, 1631, 4to.
Camelli, G. J., D.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1698,
1703, '04; on natural history, medicine, and botany.
Camerarius, David, Presbyteri Scoti. De Statu
hominis veteris, &c.. Catalauni, 1627, 4to.
Camerarius, Gul. Selectæ Disputationes Philoso-
330
Ja. De Scotorum Fortitudine, &o.,
Vide Bp. Nicolson's Scot. Hist. Library.
CAM
CAM
Cameron, Mrs., has pub. seventeen different works,
a number of which are intended for the benefit of children.
Addresses to Children on the Beatitudes, 18mo. Marten
and his Scholars, 18mo. Fruits of Education,
Englishwomen, Lon., 1841, 12mo. The Farmer's Daugh-
ter, 1843, 12mo.
Campbell, Alexander. An Introduction to the His-
tory of Poetry in Scotland, Edin., 1799, 4to.
"A valuable work, containing much interesting matter in a mis-
12mo.cellaneous form."-PARK.
"We welcome in this little volume a valuable addition to the
excellent series of Tales for the People and their Children. The
story conveys high moral truths in a most attractive form."-
Hunt's Magazine.
Cameron, Alexander. Letter to Rev. Dr. Smith,
on his Life of St. Columba, 1798, 8vo.
Cameron, C. R. Theological treatises, 1809, '10.
Cameron, Charles. Baths of the Romans, Lon.,
1772, imp. fol., with plates. A splendid work.
Cameron, Duncan, and Wm. Norwood. North
Carolina Conference Court Cases, Raleigh, 1805, 8vo; 2d
ed., with Taylor's N. Carolina Reports, with Notes and
References, by Wm. Battle, Raleigh, 1844, 8vo.
Cameron, Ewin. Fingal of Ossian in verse, 1777, 4to.
Cameron, Lieut. Col. G. Poulett, C.B., K.T.S.
Adventures in Georgia, Circassia, and Russia, Lon., 1845,
2 vols. p. 8vo.
"In the agreeable shape of a narrative of personal adventure,
Colonel Cameron has given an extremely entertaining account of
his residence among the Don Cossacks, the inhabitants of the Cau-
casus, and of his travels in various portions of the Russian domi-
nions, and of the Emperor Nicholas and his military resources."
-Lon. New Monthly Mag.
Cameron, John, elected Bishop of Glasgow, 1426.
Canons, in MS. in Bibliotheca Harl., 4631; vol. i. 47.
Cameron, John, 1580 ?-1625, a Scotch divine of
great learning, was professor of Greek at the University
of Glasgow at the age of 20, and afterwards taught Latin,
Greek, and Divinity, at Bordeaux, Sedan, Saumur,
Bordeaux, Sedan, Saumur, and
Montauban. Myrothecium Evangelicum, Geneva, 1632,
4to. Prælectiones in selectiora quædam loca Novi Testa-
menti, &c., Salmurii, 1626-28, 3 vols. 4to. Other works.
For notices of editions, see Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"The most learned man Scotland ever produced."-BISHOP HALL.
Such extravagance is in bad taste: who is to decide
who is the most learned man in any country, in any age?
The terms so current, of the most learned, or most polite,
or the best, or the wittiest, or the greatest, man, or the
handsomest woman—and, indeed, all superlatives-are
shocking vulgarisms, which cannot be too carefully es-
chewed.
Cameron was a subtle theologian, who displayed much critical
acumen in the interpretation of the Scriptures."-DR. MCCRIE.
"He spoke and wrote Greek as if it were his mother tongue.".
DR. J. PYE SMITH.
Cameron, John. The Messiah, in 9 Books, 1770, Svo.
Cameron, Julia M. Leonora; from the German of
Bürger, with illust. by Maclise, Lon., 1846, c. 4to.
"Maclise revels in the illustrations."-Lo. Literary Gazette.
Cameron, Thos., M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1747.
Cameron, William. The French Revolution, Edin.,
1802, Svo.
Camfield, Benj. Theological treatises, Lon., 165S-S5,
His Discourse of Angels and their Ministries, 1678, Svo,
has been highly commended.
"The subject here undertaken to be treated upon is certainly
very high and noble in itself, and exceedingly useful for us to be
acquainted withal. I have read it over to my great satisfaction
and edification.”—GEO. HAMMOND.
Camfield, Francis. Serm., Lou., 1694, Svo.
Camlan, Goronva. Lays from the Cymbric Lyre,
Lon., 1846, 12mo.
"For sincerity of purpose.-for the enthusiasm of the writer.—
and for the erudition and ability which support that enthusiasm,
the volume deserves well at the hands of the public.”—Lon. Critic.
Campbell, Miss. Poems, Lon., 12mo.
Campbell, A., M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1785.
Campbell, A. C. Apologiæ Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ,
from Bp. Jewel, 1812, 12mo; in Greek, by Smith, 1812,
12mo in English, 1813, Svo. Trans. of the Law of Nature
and Nations, from Grotius, 1814, 3 vols. Svo.
Campbell, A. D. 1. Grammar of the Teloogo or
Gentoo Language. 2. Dictionary of ditto, Madras, 1816,
'21. 4to.
Campbell, Alexander. Sequel to Bulkeley and
Cummin's Voyage to the South Seas, Lon., 1747, Svo. A
Chain of Philosophical Reasoning in proof of the existence
of a Supreme Being, 1754, Svo.
Campbell, Alexander. History of Dover Castle,
Lou., 1786, 4to; a trans. from the Latin MS. of Rev. W.
Darell.
A Journey from Edinburgh through parts of North
Britain, Lon., 1802, 2 vols. 4to.
"This work unites pleasure, information, and instruction, while
it exhibits a model to the tourist. The physical, moral, political,
religious, and literary state of the Scotch Metropolis is here truly
exhibited."
Other works.
Campbell, Alexander. Political tracts, 1806-17.
Campbell, Alexander. History of Leith, Leith,
1824, 8vo.
#
Campbell, Rev. Alexander, b. 1788, at Shaw's
Castle, county of Antrim, Ireland, during many years a
resident in America, has written and edited the following
works: Christian Baptist; 7 vols., from 1823 to 1829, both
inclusive. Millennial Harbinger, now (1855) in its 26th
1st No. pub. Jan., 1830. Christian System. Chris-
tian Baptism. Christian Hymn Book. Infidelity refuted
by Infidels. New translation of the New Testament;
Pocket and Family editions, with prefaces, &c. Debates
with Walker, McCalla, Owen, Purcell, and Rice. The
Debate between Robert Owen, Esq., and Alexander Camp-
bell, as to the respective merits of Socialism and Chris-
tianity, Lon., 8vo.
"With an acute, vigorous mind. quick perceptions, and rapid
powers of combination, Mr. Campbell sorely puzzled his antagonist,
and at the same time both delighted and instructed his audience,
by his masterly defence of the truth, divine origin. and inestimable
importance of Christianity."—Cincinnati Chronicle.
1661. Speeches, Letters, Answers, &c. connected with his
Campbell, Archibald, Marquis of Argyle, 1598-
political life and trial for High Treason; pub. Lon., 1641,
$46, '48, '52, '61. Instructions to a Son, Lon., 1689, 12mo.
Campbell, Hon. Archibald, a Scotch Prelate, con-
secrated 1711, at Dundee, wrote several theological works.
The Doctrines of a Middle State between Death and the
Resurrection; of Prayers for the Dead, &c., Lon., 1713, fol.
"All Christians believe in a middle state; but Bishop Campbell's
views are so like popery, though he very earnestly disavows it,
that very few it is presumed out of Rome will be found to espouse
them.”—ORME.
“A learned work, tending to Romanism, but with useful sug.
gestions."-BICKERSTETH.
The Necessity of Revelation, Lon., 1739, Sro. Recom-
mended by Bishop Van Mildert.
Campbell, Archibald, D.D., Regius Professor of
Divinity and Eccles. Hist., University of St. Andrew's. The
Authenticity of the Gospel History Justified, Edin., 1759,
2 vols. 8vo. Other theolog. treatises.
Campbell, Archibald. Lexephoras, Lon., 1767,
12mo. Sale of Authors, in imit. of Lucian's Sale of Phi-
losophers, 1767, 12mo.
Campbell, Archibald. A Voyage round the World,
1806-12. Edin., 1816, Svo.
"He has detailed many interesting particulars of the manners
and customs of the Sandwich Islanders."
Campbell, Maj. Calder. The Palmer's Last Les-
son, and other poems, Lon., 12mo, 1838. Rough Notes of
Rambles Abroad, 3 rols. p. Svo, 1847. Winter Nights; &
Novel, 3 vols. p. 8vo, 1850. The poetry of Major Campbell
has been deservedly admired.
Campbell, Charles. Traveller's Guide through Bel-
gium, Holland, and Germany, 1815, 12mo.
Campbell, Charles, son of John Wilson Campbell,
born 1807, at Petersburg, Va., grad. Princeton Coll., 1825.
The Bland Papers, Svo, 1840. Introduction to the History
of the Colony and Ancient Dominion of Virginia, Svo,
Richmond, 1847.
"This is a succinct outline of the History of Virginia from the
first discovery and settlement to the surrender of Lord Cornwallis
at Yorktown in 1781."
Con. to Southern Lit. Messenger from its commencement.
Campbell, Lady Charlotte. See BURY.
Campbell, Colin, d. 1734. Harris's Voyages, en-
larged, Lon., 1715, 2 vols. fol. Vitruvius Britannicus, Lon.,
1715, '17, '26, '67, '71; by C. C., and Wolfe, and Gandon.
Hist. of the Balearic Islands, 1719, Svo. Con. to Phil.
Trans., 1734.
Campbell, D. Forbes. Trans. of Thiers's History
of the Consulate, and the Empire of France under Napo-
leon, Lon., 1845, &c., 8 vols. 8vo. Also trans. by Redhead
and Stapleton. Thiers's Hist. of the Revolution has becu
trans. by Redhead and Shoberl.
Campbell, David, M.D. Typhus Fever, Lancaster,
1785. Svo.
Campbell, Alexander. An Examination of Lord
Bolingbroke's Letters on History, (anon.;) 2d edit., Lou.,
1753, 12mo.
|
Campbell, Donald, (Carpenter, Stephen Cul-
len, q..) A Journey Overland to India. 1795, 4to.
"It abounds with natural reflections, and contains the travels
331
CAM
CAM
of the writer's mind, together with his bodily peregrinations."-
Ion. Monthly Review, 1795.
Letter to the Marquis of Lon. on the Present Times,
1798, Svo.
Campbell, Dorothea Primrose, a native of Ler-
wick, Shetland Islands. Poems, Inverness, 1810, 8vo. Miss
C. made the acquaintance of Sir Walter Scott during his
visit to the Northern Isles. He encouraged her literary
aspirations, and she pub. the above volume, which is dedi-
cated to Sir Walter.
Campbell, Duncan. Time's Telescope, Lon., 1734,
Svo. The Earth's Groans, 1755, 8vo. De Foe pub. in 1720,
8vo, The Life and Adventures of Duncan Campbell; and
Eliza Haywood pub. in 1725, Svo, A Collection of Stories
relating to Duncan Campbell.
Campbell, G. L. Expedition to St. Augustine, 1744;
this was Gen. Oglethorpe's expedition.
Campbell, George John Douglas, Duke of Ar-
gyll, b. 1823, a warm advocate of the principles of the
Church of Scotland, pub. when 19 years of age, A Letter
to the Peers, from a Peer's Son; this relates to the cele-
brated Auchterarder Case, which led to the disruption of
the Church of Scotland. In 1848 his Grace pub. Presby-
tery Examined, in which he reviews the Ecclesiastical His-
tory of Scotland since the Reformation. His Grace is a
man of extensive attainments, and labours zealously for
the advancement of science and literature.
Campbell, George, D.D., 1719-1796, a native of
Aberdeen, studied at Marischal College, and afterwards
applied himself to the study of Law. Preferring Divinity,
he qualified himself for examination, and in 1746 received
his license from the Presbytery of Aberdeen as a proba-
tioner; Pastor of
Aberdeen, 1756; Principal of Marischal College, 1759.
Dr. Campbell was a man of distinguished learning and
at
abilities.
A Dissertation on Miracles, containing an examination
of the principles advanced by David Hume, &c., Edin.,
1762, 8vo; 1766, '97, 1812, '23, &c. Trans. into French,
Dutch, and German.
"It contains a most masterly defence of the evidence arising
from miracles. of the nature of the testimony by which they are
supported, and of the miracles of the Gospel themselves. He com-
pletely unravelled the web which the ingenious adversary of Chris-
tianity [Hume] had woven, for the purpose of entangling its
friends; and did every thing but extort an acknowledgment from
him that he was beaten with his own weapons."-Orme.
An able answer to Hume's Essay on Miracles."-BICKERSTETH.
"Richly deserving repeated perusal: in it the most daring and
subtle objections of infidels are analysed, detected, and exposed,
in an interesting and masterly manner."-DR. . WILLIAMS.
Philosophy of Rhetoric, Lon., 1776, 2 vols. 8vo; 7th
edit., 1823, 8vo.
Its utility is equal to its depth and originality: the philosopher
finds in it exercise for his ingenuity, and the student may safely
consult it for its practical suggestions and illustrations."
The Four Gospels, trans. from the Greek; with Disser-
tations and Notes Critical and Explanatory, Lon., 1790, 2
vols. 4to; 1807, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d edit., Aberdeen, 1814, 4
vols. 8vo.
"A real treasure of theological learning, exact criticism, and
sound divinity: it has given me more information in regard to
Scriptural knowledge than all the other books I ever read."—
BEATTIE.
"It is impossible to bestow too high commendation on this
able work. It is perhaps one of the best specimens of a translation
of the Scriptures in any language. To accurate and extensive
learning. Dr. Campbell united great natural acuteness, and deep
philosophical penetration.... His sentiments on doctrinal subjects
rarely appear; in which respect, the work is very different from
that of his contemporary, Macknight, to whom he was very supe-
rior in acuteness, candour. and originality."―ORME.
"The notes which accompany it form an excellent philological
commentary on the four Evangelists; and the Dissertations are a
treasure of sacred criticism."-T. II. HORNE.
"A very valuable work for critical purposes."-BICKERSTETH.
"Much valuable information in the style of judicious criticism."
-DR. E. WILLIAMS.
Lectures on Systematic Theology and Pulpit Eloquence,
Lon., 1807, 8vo.
"Contain many useful hints to theological students."-DR. E.
WILLIAMS.
"Much important criticism."-ORME.
(( Many excellent observations.”—BICKERSTETH.
Lectures on Ecclesiastical History, &c., Lon., 1800, 2 vols.
8vo; 1813, 2 vols. 8vo; Aberdeen, 1815, 2 vols. 8vo; Lon.,
1840, 8vo. Bishop Skinner answered this work in his
Primitive Truth and Order Vindicated, Lon., 1803, 8vo.
"It discovers profound and accurate research, independence, and
Impartiality, and contains more of the philosophy of Church His
tory than any other book in the English language. Considering
the subject, it is a more entertaining book than might have been
expected." ORME.
"Nelther Campbell nor Jortin embrace a regular series of facts;
but point out the prominent parts and circumstances of the general
subjects, with interesting remarks."-DR. E. WILLIAMS.
Lectures on the Pastoral Character; edited by J. Frazer,
Lon., 1811, Svo.
Worthy of the pen which produced the Essay on the Miracles."
-LOWNDES.
Dr. C. also pub. a number of Sermons, 1752, 71, 76,
77, 79. Works pub. in 6 vols. 8vo, 1840.
"The writings of Professor Campbell, though not distinguished
for a rich exhibition of the grace of the gospel, are manifestly the
works of an upright, conscientious man."-BICKERSTETH.
"Had Campbell devoted his attention to mental philosophy, he
could have done all that Reid or Stewart has accomplished."—
ROBERT HALL.
Campbell, Geo., of Stockbridge. Serms., Edin., 1816.
Campbell, Hector, M.D. Med. and Polit. works,
Lon., 1809, '10, '13.
Campbell, Sir Hugh. The Lord's Prayer, Edin.
1709, Svo.
Campbell, Hugh, LL.D. The Case Mary Q. of Scots,
&c., from the State Papers, &c., Lon., 1825, Svo.
Campbell, Ivie. Con. to Med. Com., 1785.
Campbell,J.Trade to Turkey and Italy, Lon.,1734,4vo.
Campbell,J.,M.D. Letter to his Friend, Lon.,1746, Svo.
Campbell, Jacob, 1760-1788, b. in Rhode Island.
Political Essays.
Campbell, James. Modern Faulconry, Edin., 1773,
Svo. The introduction was written by Rev. Alex. Gillies
to ridicule Monboddo's work on language.
"The account of hawking is fabulous."
Campbell, John. See MACURE, JOHN.
cellor of Scotland. Speeches pub. 1641, '45, '46, '48.
Campbell, John, Earl of London, Lord-Chan-
Campbell, John, Lord, b. 1779, at Springfield,
Fifeshire, Scotland, was educated at St. Andrew's, and
called to the Bar by the Society of Lincoln's Inn in 1806.
He became Q.C. 1824; General and a Knight
Bachelor, 1834; Attorney-General, 1834; Lord Chancellor
of Ireland, 1841. On the retirement of Lord Denham he
was made Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench. In politics
his lordship is a Whig. Reports, Nisi Prius, 1807-16, Lon.,
1809-16, 4 vols. r. Svo. These volumes should accompany
1809-16, 4 vols. r. Svo.
Espinasse's Reports, 1793-1811, 6 vols. Svo. The Reports
are continued by Starkie, Ryan, and Moody. Campbell's
Reports have a high reputation. They were repub. in
New York, 1810-21, 4 vols. Svo. Letter to Lord Stanley,
Lon., 1837, Svo. Specches at the Bar and House of Commons,
8vo, 1842. Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers of
the Great Seal of England, Lon., 1845-48, 7 vols. Svo; 4th
ed., 1857, 10 vols. cr. Svo.
"In the Lives of the Chief Justices there is a fund both of in-
valu-teresting information and valuable matter, which renders the book
well worthy of perusal by every one who desires to attain an ac-
quaintance with the constitutional history of his country, or as
pires to the rank of either a statesman or a lawyer.”—Britannia.
"There is, indeed, in Lord Campbell's works much instruction;
his subjects have been so happily selected, that it was scarcely
possible that there should not be. An eminent lawyer and states
man could not write the lives of great statesmen and lawyers
without interweaving curious information, and suggesting valu-
able principles of judgment, and useful practical maxims: but it
is not for these that his works will be read. Their principal merit
is their easy, animated flow of interesting narrative. No one pos-
sesses better than Lord Campbell the art of telling a story; of
passing over what is commonplace; of merely suggesting what
may be inferred; of explaining what is obscure, and of placing in
strong light the details of what is interesting."-Edin. Review.
"A work of sterling merit,—one of very great labour, of richly-
diversified interest, and, we are satisfied, of lasting value and esti-
mation. We doubt if there be half a dozen living men who could
produce a Biographical Series on such a scale at all likely to com-
mand so much applause from the candid among the learned as well
as from the curious of the laity."-Lon. Quar. Rev., Dec. 1847.
"Lord Campbell has rendered a very acceptable service, not only
to the legal profession, but to the history of the country, by the
preparation of this important and elaborate work."-Lam. Law Rev.
"I need scarcely advise every reader to consult Lord Campbell's
excellent work.”—LORD MACAULAY.
Lives of the Chief-Justices of England, Lon., 1849, 2
vols. 8vo, vol. iii., 1857. See Edin. Rev., Oct. 1857.
Campbell, John, LL.D., 1708-1775, a native f
Edinburgh, was a voluminous Historical, Biographical,
and Political writer. We notice a few of his works, a list
of which will be found in Watt's Bibl. Brit. Military
Hist. of Prince Eugene and the Duke of Marlborough,
Lives of British Admirals and
Lon., 1736, 2 vols. fol.
other eminent Seamen, Lon., 1742-44, 4 vols. 8vo; 3 edits.
in the author's lifetime; 4th edit., with a continuation by
Dr. Berkenhout to 1779, 8 vols. r. 8vo; continued by K.
R. Yorke and W. Stevenson, (to 1812,) Lon., 1812-17, 8
vols. r. 8vo. Severely criticized in the United Service
Journal, 1842, '43. Voyages and travels, from Columbus
to Anson, Lon., 1744, 2 vols. fol. This is a great improve-
332
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CAM
ment on Harris's Collection, 1702, '05, 8vo. The Present
State of Europe, 1750, 8vo; many edits. Highlands of
Scotland, 1751, 8vo. New Sugar Islands in the West In-
dies, 8vo. Trade of Great Britain to America, 1772, 4to.
A Politieal Survey of Great Britain, Lon.,1774, 2 vols. ṛ.4to.
"A most judicious and most useful work."-Bibliotheca Purriana.
"This is a work of inestimable value to those who wish to un-
derstand the best means of promoting the prosperity of their native
country."-Kett's Introduc. to Useful Book8.
+
It disappointed the public, nor can it be considered as a safe
guide in affording that knowledge its title would assume."
"This is a work of great labour and research; but it is ill ar-
ranged. overlaid with details. tedious, and of little practical value.”
-McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy.
Dr. C. was a large and valuable contributor to the An-
cient Universal History. See Boswell's Life of Johnson,
The Modern Universal History, and the Biographia Bri-
tannica.
"I think highly of Campbell. In the first place. he has very
good parts. In the second place, he has very extensive reading;
not, perhaps, what is properly called learning, but history, politics,
and, in short, that popular knowledge which makes a man very
useful."-DR. JOHNSON.
Campbell, John. History of the Old Testament,
1731, 2 vols. fol.
"I have applied myself so closely to this history of the Penta-
teuch, as, in sixteen months, not to have stirred more than a hun-
dred yards from home, above ten times at most.”—Preface.
Campbell, Rev. John, 1766-1840, b. in Edinburgh.
He was the founder and for eighteen years the editor
of The Youth's Magazine. In 1823 he established the
Teacher's Offering, which is still pub. by the London Tract
Society. Travels in South Africa, undertaken at the re-
quest of the Missionary Society, 1815, Svo. Second Jour-
ney, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Mr. Campbell, by his Travels, has considerably enlarged the
sphere of our knowledge of Southern Africa.”—Lon. Quur. Rev.
"Campbell penetrated further than La Trobe or Lichtenstein, and
discovered some popuious tribes and large towns. La Trobe's is
the most interesting narrative."-STEVENSON.
Campbell was the first to penetrate beyond Lattakoo,
the capital of the Boshuana tribe of the Matchapins. He
pub. some other works. Life, Times, and Miss. Enter-
prises of Rev. John Campbell, by Robert Philip, Lon.,
1841, Svo.
Campbell, John.
People.
Worlds Displayed; for Young
Co
Twenty years ago I had met with eight ministers, and more
ministers' wives, who had been converted by reading that book."
-Author's MS.
Campbell, John, D.D. Jethro; Essay on Lay Agency;
p. Svo. The Martyr of Erromanga; or the Philosophy of
Missions; illustrated from the Labours, Death, and Cha-
racter of the late Rev. John Williams, 2d edit., Lon., 1842,
12mo; 3d ed., 1843, Svo.
"Never before has Missionary enterprise been placed in such a
variety of commanding and all-absorbing aspects."-Lon. Evangel.
Mog.
Memoirs of Daniel Nasmith.
"We wish the book a place in every library, in every family, in
every heart."-Glasgow Examiner.
Campbell, John, of Carbrook. Letter to Sir Henry
Parnel, on the Corn Laws, 1814. Con. to Ann. Philos., on
the Tide; Vegetables; Vision, 1814, '16, '17. Observa-
tions on Modern Education, Edin., 1823, 12mo.
Campbell, John. The Stafford Peerage, Lon., 1818,4to.
Campbell, John P., d. 1814, aged 46, a minister at
Chillicothe, Ohio. Doctrine of Justification Considered.
Strictures on Stone's Letters, 1805. Vindex, in answer to
Stone's Reply, 1806. He left a MS. History of the Western
Country.
Campbell, John Wilson, b. in Virginia. For thirty
years a bookseller in Petersburg, Va. History of Vir-
ginia, 1813.
Campbell, Juliet H. L., a daughter of Judge Lewis
of Pennsylvania, and a native of that State, was married
in 1843 to Mr. James H. Campbell. She resides in Potts-
ville, Pennsylvania. She gave early indications of poetical
talent, and has contributed many pieces both in prose and
verse to periodicals. The stanzas entitled A Story of Sun-
riso possess considerable merit.
Campbell, Lawrence Dundas. India Observer,
&c. See Born, HUGH. Reply to the Strictures of the
Edin. Review relative to Marquis Wellesley's administra-
tion, &c., Lon., 1807. Asiatic Annual Register, 1809. S vols.
Campbell, Peter. Forms of Procedure in a Process.
of Cessio Bonorum, 2d edit., Edin., 1837, 12mo.
Particularly valuable for the decisions under the Insolvent
Debtor's Act."
"No practitioner ought to be without this little Manual, and to
the trading community at large it will be found of great advan-
tage."-Perth Advertiser.
Campbell, R. London Tradesman, Lon., 1747, 8vo
Campbell, Robert. Life of the Duke of Argyle,
Lon., 1745.
Campbell, Robert. Con. to Phil. Trans., account of
a man who lived 18 years on water, 1742.
Campbell, Thomas, LL.D. Survey of the South
of Ireland, 1777, 8vo. Sermon, 1780, 4to. Strictures on
the Ecclesiastical and Literary History of Ireland, Dubl.,
1789, 8vo.
"A well written and ingenious work."
Campbell, Thomas, 1777-1844, a native of Glasgow,
was educated at the University of that city, where he was
distinguished for his proficiency in classical studies. In
1799 he pub. The Pleasures of Hope, Edin., 12mo, dedi-
cated to Dr. Anderson. Four editions were called for
within a year. He had sold the copyright to Mr. Mundell
for £21, but the generous bookseller gave the author £50
for each succeeding edition.
for each succeeding edition. Campbell now visited the
Continent, and from the monastery of St. Jacob witnessed
the battle of Hohenlinden, Dec. 3, 1800. He has com-
memorated the dreadful spectacle in lines which will never
be forgotten. At Hamburg, in 1801, he composed The
Exile of Erin, and Ye Mariners of England. Returning
home, he resided for upwards of a year in Edinburgh,
where he wrote Lochiel's Warning, which Sir Walter Scott
heard read, read it himself, and then repeated the whole
from memory. In 1803 he pub. in London an edition of
his poems in 4to. In this year he was married to Miss
Martha Sinclair, of Edinburgh, and settled at Sydenham,
in Kent. In 1806 he pub. Annals of Great Britain from
the Accession of George III. to the Peace of Amiens. In
1805 his means had been increased by a pension of £200
per annum. In 1809 appeared Gertrude of Wyoming, a
Pennsylvanian Tale, (and other Poems,) which confirmed
his poetical reputation. In 1818 he again visited Germany.
In 1819 he pub. his Specimens of the British Poets, with
biographical and critical notices, and an Essay on English
Poetry, 7 vols. 8vo; 1841, '45, '48.
ta
In the Biographies, the Editor has exerted the main part of
his strength on the Mrits and Writings of each Pot as an Author,
with an intention to form A COMPLETE BODY OF ENGLISH POETICAL
CRITICISM."
"Rich in exquisite examples of English Poetry, and suggestions
of delightful thoughts beyond any volume in the language."
Lon. Atlas.
"We are very glad to see Mr. Campbell in any way, and we
think the work which he has now given us very excellent and de
lightful."-Edin. Review.
the authors. From 1810-20 he edited The New Monthly
The Selections however are not the best "Specimens" of
Magazine, to which he contributed many beautiful poems:
In 1820 he delivered a course of Lectures on Poetry at
of these, perhaps, The Last Man has been most admired.
the Surrey Institution. In 1824 appeared Theodoric and
other Poems. In 1827 he was elected Lord Rector of the
University of Glasgow. The dignified Lord Rector com-
menced his duties as follows:
"It was deep snow when he reached the College-green, the stu-
dents were drawn up in parties. pelting one another: the poet ran
into the ranks, threw several snow-balls with unerring aim, then
summoning the scholars around him in the ball, delivered a speech
replete with philosophy and eloquence. It is needless to say how
it was received.”—ALLAN CUNNINGHAM.
In 1830 he started the Metropolitan Magazine, to
which Thomas Moore occasionally contributed. It subse-
quently fell into the hands of Captain Marryat. In 1834
he pub. the Life of Mrs. Siddons, 2 vols. Svo.
In his letters from the South, 1837, 2 vols. 8vo, or A
Poet's Residence in Algiers, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo, originally
pub. in The New Monthly Magazine, we have an enter-
taining picture of scenes which produced a deep impression
on the writer.
"These admirable letters furnish us with by far the most inte-
resting and picturesque sketches of Algiers and the adjacent dis-
tricts that we have yet met with."—Lon. Sun.
"A most remarkable and interesting book.”—John Bull.
The Life and Times of Petrarch, 2 vols. Svo, 1841.
"The standard life of Petrarch. The fortunes and career of the
poet are traced with admirable distinctness; his devoted passion
for Laura is finely developed and characterized; and his poetical
character is analyzed and estimated with all the power of a kindred
genius. This work must take its place in our libraries as one of
the most interesting and important historical works of our time."
-Lm. Athenam.
“The standard work of reference, to which after ages will appeal."
-Court Journal.
M
Frederick the Great, his Court and Times, 4 vols. Svo,
1843; new edition, 2 vols. Svo, 1844. Ed. by T. C.
"This work, which has the honour of being introduced to the
world by the author of Hohenlinden, is not unworthy of so dis
tinguished a chaperon. It is an exceedingly amusing compilation.”
-T. B. MACAULAY,
"These Memoirs are of peculiar value in the light they throw
-
333
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CAN
ɔn the oɔndition and fortunes of the masses over whom Frederick
ruled."--Lon. Athenæum.
"This Life of Frederick the Great' will become a standard work
In the libraries of England.”—Scotsman.
The Pilgrim of Glencoe, and other poems, 1842. A
Life of Shakspeare. In 1843 Mr. Campbell visited Bou-
logne, accompanied by his niece, for the benefit of his
health, and resided there until his death, June 15th, 1844.
He lies in Westminster Abbey. His friend Dr. William
Beattie was with him in the "inevitable hour," and has fa-
voured the world with his life and letters, 3 vols. p. Svo,1848.
"The Pleasures of Hope, a poem dear to every reader of poetry,
bore, amidst many beauties, the marks of a juvenile composition,
and received from the public the indulgence due to a promise of
future excellence. Some license was also allowed for the didactic
nature of the subject, which. prescribing no formal plan, left the
poet free to indulge his fancy in excursions as irregular as they
are elegant and animated. It is a consequence of both these cir-
cumstances that the poem presents in some degree the appearance
of an unfinished picture. The merits and defects of Gertrude
of Wyoming have this marked singularity, that the latter intrude
upon us at the very first reading, whereas, after repeated perusals,
we perceive beauties which had previously escaped our notice."-
Lon. Qur'erly Review, i. 241.
16
We rejoice to see once more a polished and pathetic poem in
the old style of English pathos and poetry. This [Gertrude of
Wyoming is of the pitch of the Castle of Indolence, and the finer
parts of Spenser; with more feeling. in many places, than the first,
and more condensation and diligent finishing than the latter If
the true tone of nature be not everywhere maintained, it gives
place, at least, to art only, and not to affectation—and, least of all,
to affectation of singularity or rudeness. . . . There are but two
There are but two
noble sorts of poetry-the pathetic, and the sublime; and we think
he has given us very extraordinary proofs of his talents for both."
-LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Review, xiv. 1.
"I do not think I overrate the merits of the 'Pleasures of Hope,'
whether taking it in its parts, or as a whole, in preferring it to any
didactic poem of equal length in the English language. No poet,
at such an age, ever produced such an exquisite specimen of pɔeti-
cal mastery-that is, of fine conception and of high art combined.
Sentiments tender, energetic, impassioned, eloquent and majestic,
are conveyed to the reader in the tones of a music forever varied
sinking or swelling like the harmonies of an Eolian lyre-yet ever
delightful; and these are illustrated by pictures from romauce,
history, or domestic life, replete with power and beauty. It is a
long fit of inspiration-a checkered melody of transcendent excel-
lence; passage after passage presenting only an ever-varying and
varied tissue of whatever is beautiful and sublime in the soul of
men and the aspects of nature. . . . The greatest effort of Camp-
... The greatest effort of Camp-
bell's genius, however, was his 'Gertrude of Wyoming,' nor is it
ever likely to be excelled in its own peculiar style of excellence.
It is superior to The Pleasures of Hope' in the only one thing in
which that poem could be surpassed-purity of diction; while in
pathos. and in imaginative power, it is no whit inferior.”—Mʊir's
Port. Lit. of Pust Half-Century.
•
"The Pleasures of Hope is one of the most beautiful didactic
poems in our language."-LORD BYRON.
¿
•
Much disappointment was felt that Campbell did not
give more to the world than the few compositions which
evinced the possession of such exalted poetical genius.
"What a pity it is," said Sir Walter Scott to Washington Irving,
"that Campbell does not write oftener, and give full sweep to his
genius! He has wings that would bear him to the skies, and he
does, now and then, spread them grandly, but folds them up again
and resumes his perch, as if he was afraid to launch them. The
fact is. Campbell is, in a manner. a bugbear to himself: the bright-
ness of his early success is a detriment to all his after efforts. He
is afraid of the shadow that his own fame cist before him.”
Campbell, William, D.D. Serm., Belfast, 1774,
8vo. Vindication of the Presbyterians in Ireland, 3d edit.,
Lon., 1786, 8vo. Exam. of the Bp. of Cloyne's Defence of
his Principles, 1788, Svo.
Campbell, William. Value of Annuities, 1810, 8vo.
Campbell, William, 12 years resident in India us
a missionary. British India, in its Relation to the De-
cline of Hindooism, and the Progress of Christianity,
Lon., 8vo, 1839.
"The Bangalore missionary has produced a volume of extraor-
dinary interest.”—Lon. Patriot.
“A volume of great interest and worth.”—Watchman.
Campbell, William W., b. 1806, Cherry Valley,
Otsego county, New York. His ancestors settled there in
1740, and some of them took an active part in the Old
French and Revolutionary Wars. Judge C. grad. at Union
College, 1827. 1. Border Wars of New York; or, Annals of
Tryon County, N.Y., 1831, Svo; new ed., revised, entitled
Border Warfare, N.Y., 1849, 12mo. 2. Life and Writings
of De Witt Clinton, 1849, Svo. 3. Sketches of Robin
Hood and Captain Kidd, 1853, 12mo. 4. Life of Mrs.
4. Life of Mrs.
Grant, Missionary to Persia, 1840, 12mo.
Campion, Abraham, entered of Trinity College,
Oxford, about 1656. Sermons, 1694, 1700.
Campion, or Campian, Edmond, 1540-1581, a
zealous champion of the Roman Catholic religion, was
hanged and quartered with other Romish priests for high
treason. Nine Articles directed to the Lords of the Privy
Council. 1581. The History of Ireland; pub. by Sir James
Ware, Dubl., 1633, fol. See Bp. Nicolson's Irish Hist. Lib.
Chronologia Universalis. Conferences in the Tower,
1583, 4to. Rationes decem, &c. 1581. See Campbell's
Ten Reasons for embracing the Catholic Faith, by the Rev.
Imitatione Rhetorica, 1631. Other
Dr. Fletcher, 8vo.
works. See Lowndes's Bib. Manual.
His life was written by Paul Bombino, a Jesuit: best
edit., Mantua, 1620, Svo.
“He was a rare clark, upright in conscience, deep in judgment,
and ripe in eloquence."-R. STAINHURST.
"All writers, whether Protestant or Popish, say that he was a
man of most admirable parts, an elegant orator, a subtle phi-
losopher and disputant, and an exact preacher, whether in Eng-
lish or Latin tongue, of a sweet disposition, and a well-polished
man.' -Athen. Oxon.
>>
"He was detected in treasonable practices; and, being put to
the rack, and confessing his guilt, he was publicly executed. His
execution was ordered at the very time when the Duke of Anjou
was in England, and prosecuted with the greatest appearance of
success, his marriage with the queen; and this severity was pro-
bably intended to appease her Protestant subjects, and to satisfy
them that, whatever measures she might pursue, she never would
depart from the principles of the Reformation.”—HUME.
Campion, Thomas, styled by his contemporaries,
for his musical and poetical talents, "Sweet Maister Cam-
pion," appears to have been admitted a member of Gray's
Inn in 1586. We have no particulars of his life or family.
Observations on the Art of English Poesie.
This gave
rise to Daniel's Defence of Rhyme. Relation of the Enter-
tainment made for Queen Anne, Lon., 1613, 4to. Masque,
Lon., 1614, 4to. Other pieces.
Camplin, John. Sermons, 1766, '77, 4to.
Canaries, James, of Selkirk. Discourses, 1684, 'S6.
Canceller, James. Theolog. treatises, 1576, &c.
Candidius, George. Account of the Island of For-
mosa: See Churchill's Voyages, i. 503, 1704.
Candidus. See WHITE, THOMAS.
Candish, Thomas. Itinerarium Indicam, Francf.,
1599, fol. Diaphonta, or Three Attendants on Fiat Lux,
1665, Svo. Account of Dr. Stillingfleet's late Book against
the Church of Rome, 1672, Svo.
Candlish, Robert S., a popular Scotch preacher,
and one of the leaders of the Non-intrusion" party at
the time of the division of the Scottish Church, has pub. a
Summary of the Question respecting the Church of Scot-
land, &c., Edin., 1841, Svo, pp. 32. Narrative, &c., Svo,
pp. 40. Exposition of the Book of Genesis, Edin., 1852,
2 vols. 12mo. The Cross of Christ. Scripture Characters,
&c. 4 Letters to Rev. E. B. Elliot. John Knox, his Times
and his Works; a Discourse, 1846.
"We can very cordially commend this discourse as one of inte-
rest and excellence."-Universe.
Cane, Henry. Hort. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1720.
Cane, John Vincent, d. 1672, a Friar of the order
of St. Francis, lived principally in London. Fiat Lux,
1661, Svo; 2d edit. enlarged, 1662, 8vo.
"The inference to be drawn from its miscellaneous discussions
is, that the only remedy for all existing evils and differences is
returning to the bosoni of an infallible church. Rome alone is
terra firma, and all is sea beside."-Orme's Life of Owen.
Whitby, Oxon., 1666. The Diaphonta of Thomas Cand-
Answered by Dr. John Owen, Lon., 1662, and by Dr.
ish, noticed above, was elicited by Fiat Lux.
Caner, Henry, 1700-1792, a minister at King's Cha-
pel, Boston, graduated at Yale College, 1724; he pub.
several sermons, 1751, '58, '61, '63, '64, '65.
Canfield, Francesca Anna, 1803-1823, a native
of Philadelphia, was a daughter of Dr. Felix Pascalis, an
Italian physician. She was distinguished for her know-
ledge of languages, and the excellence of her poetical
picces, many of which were pub. in the periodicals. See
Griswold's Female Poets of America.
Canfield, Henry Judson, b. 1789 in Conn. Trea-
tise on Sheep. Contrib. to Ohio Cultivator, Amer. Agri-
culturist, &c.
Canham, P. Serm., 1711, 4to.
Canne, John, a leader of the English Brownists at
Amsterdam. Necessity of Separation from the Church
of England, Lon., 1634, fol. He pub. other works, but is
best known by his edition of the Bible with marginal
notes, showing Scripture to be the best Interpreter of
Scripture, Amst., 1664, Svo; very rare; often reprinted.
The Edin. edit., 1727, 8vo, is preferred by some.
The marginal references of Canne are generally very judicious.
They still retain a considerable reputation, though most of the
latter editions which pass under the name of Canne's Bible are
full of errors, and crowded with references which do not belong to
the original author. Canne wrote a number of controversial
pieces, some of which are very curious, and all of them exceed-
ingly scarce."-ORME.
Canne, John. Evangelical Hist. of the Bible, Lon..
1766.
Cannell, Joseph. Serm., 1708, 4to.
334
CAN
CAP
Canning, George, of the Middle Temple, d. 1771,
father of the Rt. Hon. George Canning. A Trans. of Anti-
Lucretius, Lon., 1766, 4to. Poems, 1767, 4to.
"We form no very favourable opinion of this translation;-we
find a want of precision-we observe a diffusiveness in the ex-
pression, which rather enfeebles than illustrates the author, and
gives him a redundancy of sentiment with which he is not charge-
able.... The introductory address in the volume of Poems has,
in our opinion, much poetical merit."-Lom. Monthly Review, 1767.
Appeal to the Public from the Critical Review, 1767,
8vo. Offering to a Young Lady from her Lover, 1770, 4to.
Canning, George, 1770-1827, the son of the pre-
ceding, was only one year old when his father died of a
broken heart, after unavailing efforts to procure a comfort-
able livelihood. Mrs. Canning established a small school,
and subsequently tried her fortune on the stage, where she
was not successful. George was educated at Eton, and at
Christ Church, Oxford, and distinguished himself by his
application and uncommon talents. In 1793 he entered
Parliament, as member for Newport in the Isle of Wight,
and in 1796 was appointed under Secretary of State.
When the Marquis of Hastings was recalled from India,
Canning was appointed Governor General; but the death
of the Marquis of Londonderry, August 12, 1822, altered
this arrangement, and Mr. Canning was appointed Secre-
tary for Foreign Affairs. He was actively engaged in pub-
lic life for nearly 34 years, 11 of which were spent in con-
nection with Mr. Pitt. As an orator Mr. Canning's abilities
were of the first order.
<<
Among our own orators Mr. Canning seems to be the best mo.
del of the adorned style. In some qualities of style he surpassed
Mr. Pitt. His diction was more various, sometimes more simple.
more idiomatical, even in its more elevated parts. It sparkled
with imagery, and was brightened by illustration; in both of
which Mr. Pitt, for so great an orator, was defective."-SIR JAMES
MACKINTOSH.
His Speeches, revised and corrected by himself, with a
Memoir of his Life, by R. Therry, have been pub. in
6 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1828.
"A work which is destined to convey to posterity the remains
of his splendid talents as an orator; to exhibit his principles as a
statesman; and to shew with what energy and success he carried
those principles into execution as a Minister of the Crown."-Mr.
Huskisson's Letter.
"An excellent and valuable edition of Mr. Canning's Speeches."
-Lon. Times.
"It is the noblest literary memorial that can be preserved of
him."-Lon. Literary Gazelle.
Messrs. Bell, Styles, and Rede have each pub. a Life of
Mr. Canning, and one has been given to the world by his
private secretary, Mr. Stapleton.
"A book which ought to be in everybody's hands who wishes
to understand the foreign policy of this country from 1822 to
1827."-Lon. Times.
Lord Byron, Lord Jeffrey, Sir James Mackintosh, Thomas
Moore, and many others praised this collection as
of the wittiest books in the language."
CA
"one
of Independence, where Canning is represented by “Went-
worth."
Canton, John, 1718-1772, a physician, astronomer,
and natural philosopher, was a native of Stroud, Glouces-
tershire. He was the first person in England, who, by
attracting the electric fire from the clouds during a thun-
der storm, verified Dr. Franklin's hypothesis of the simi-
larity of lightning and electricity. He was one of the
committee-the others were Dr. Franklin, Mr. Delaval,
and Mr. Wilson-appointed by the Royal Society in 1769,
to suggest a plan to the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's,
for the proper arrangement of electrical conductors to pre-
serve that cathedral from damage by lightning. A num-
ber of Mr. Canton's papers will be found in Phil. Trans.,
1751, '59, and '62.
Canton, John. Telemachus in Blank Verse, 1778, 4to.
Cantova, Anthony. Voyage to Caroline Islands in
1696. See Callander's Voyages, iii. 23.
His famous speech on the Silk Trade in 1826 will be
found in a volume of the speeches made on that subject,
pub. Lon., 1826, Svo. In his 15th year, whilst at Eton,
ho established a periodical for the scholars, entitled The
Microcosm, which he edited, and to which he contributed
some remarkable papers signed B. In 1797, in conjunc-
tion with George Ellis, Frere, and others, he started The
Anti-Jacobin, which was edited by Gifford. In this pe-
riodical the Whigs were sorely berated by the choicest en-
gines of raillery and satire. Canning's parodies on Southey
and Darwin, the Knife Grinder, and the Song of Rogero, Cantwell, Andrew, M.D., d. 1761, trans. into French
are examples of his rare powers of style and humour. Mrs. Stephens's Medicine, 1742; Sir Hans Sloane's Medi-
His Lines on the Death of his eldest Son present a touch-cines for the Eyes, 1746. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1737.
ing picture of a father's grief. The Poetry of the Anti- Canvane, Peter, M.D. Oleum Palma Christi, Lon.,
Jacobin has been collected into one volume. A second 1746, Svo.
enlarged edition was pub. in 1854, with Explanatory Notes Capadose, Lt. Col. Sixteen Years in the West In-
by C. Edmonds. Again, 1858: see Lon. Quar. Rev.; dies. Lon., 1845, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Edin. Rev., July, 1858.
Cantrell, Henry. The Royal Martyr a true Chris-
tian, Lon., 1716, Svo; relates to Charles I.
"These volumes form an agreeable pendant to Coleridge's de
lightful volume, [Six Months in the West Indies in 1825.] Cole
ridge presents us with a view of the past, Colonel Capadose of the
present."-Lon. Naval and Military Gazette.
See also the Lon. Critic, the Spectator, and the Barba-
does Globe.
"The great literary reputation of the Anti-Jacobin.-the inte-
rest attaching to such well-known names as those of Canning,
Frere, Gifford, Wellesley, will induce the reader to glance with us
at their revived productions. We rather wonder that this book
waited so long for an intelligent and admiring editor. Mr. Charles
Edmonds comes forward at last, and is, indeed, the Old Mortality'
of Tory libellers.”—Westminster Review.
C
Canning, Richard. Serms., 1746, '47.
Canning, T. John Bull and his Bride, &c.; a Poem,
1801, 8vo.
For interesting notices of Canning, in addition to the
works referred to above, see Lockhart's Life of Scott,
Goodrich's British Eloquence, and De Vere, or the Man
Cannon, James Spencer, D.D., 1776-1852, from
1826-52 Prof. of Pastoral Theology, &c. in the Theol. Sem.,
New Brunswick, and Prof. Metaphysics; &c. Rutgers Coll.
Lectures on Chronology, 8vo. Lectures on Pastoral Theo-
logy, N.Y., 8vo: pub. after his decease.
Cannon, Nathaniel. Serms., 1613, '16.
Cannon, Robert, D.D. Serm., 1707. Publications
relative to the lower House of Convocation, 1712, '17, 8vo.
Cannon, T. Family Library; a Funeral Sermon,
Lon., 8vo.
Canon, or Canonicus, John, by some called Mar-
bres, d. about 1340, an English Franciscan monk, studied
at Oxford and Paris. He was a pupil and imitator of
Duns Scotus.
Duns Scotus. He returned to Oxford, and there taught
theology until his death. He was an able commentator
upon Aristotle, in Aristotelis Physica, lib. viii.; printed
at St. Alban's, 1481, 8vo; reprinted at Venice, 1481, '87,
'92, and 1505, 4to; to the edit. of 1492 some other trea-
tises were added.
Cant. History of Perth, Perth, 1774, 2 vols. 8vo.
Cant, Andrew, Bishop of Glasgow, d. 1728, was the
son of Andrew Cant, an Episcopal minister of Pitsligo,
from whose whining tone in the pulpit the term "cant" is
supposed to be derived. See The Spectator, No. 147; but
canto perhaps has better claim to the paternity. A Serm.
preached on the 30th of January, 1703. Edin., 1703, 4to.
Cantæus, Andreas. Theses Philosophicæ quas Ma-
reschallami Alumni, &c., publice propugnabunt,&c., Abred.,
1658, 4to.
Cantillon, Philip, Merchant, of London. Analy-
sis of Trade, Commerce, Coin, Bullion, &c., Lon., 1759, Svo.
The author adopts several of the views of Hume, whose Poli-
tical Essays were published in 1752. His principles are, for the
most part, liberal, and some of his speculations display consider-
able ingenuity. He is one of the few writers to whom Smith has
referred."-McCulloch's Lit, of Polit. Economy.
Canton, J. Alvar and Seraphina; a Novel, Lon.,
1803, 2 vols. 12mo.
Capel, Arthur, Lord, a noble champion of Charles
I., beheaded in 1649. After his death was pub. bis Daily
Observations or Meditations, 1654, 4to; afterwards pub.
under the title of Excellent Contemplations, &c., 1683.
joint production of Messrs. Frere and Canning, as was also the See Gent. Mag.. 1757, for some of his stanzas written
"These sparkling gems of wit have stood the test of more than
half a century, and still their brilliancy is undimmed; nor. in-
deed, is their lustre likely to be tarnished by age. Mr. Edmonds.
the editor, has acquitted himself ably of his task."-Ln. New
Quart. Review.
"A model of political satire. The Needy Knife Grinder was a
masterly poem of New Morality, alluded to in Byron's English
Bards and Scotch Reviewers.” —Tнomas Moore.
when in the Tower.
“He trod the fatal stage with all the dignity of valour and con-
scious integrity."—HORACE Walpole.
"He was a man that whoever shall, after him. deserve best of
the English nation, he can never think himself undervalued
when he shall hear that his courage, virtue, and fidelity, are laid
in the balance with, and compared to, that of the Lord Capel."-
EARL OF CLARENDON,
Capel, Arthur, Earl of Essex,
ceding, d. 1638. Speech, 1680, fol.
cal Account of his Life, 1770, 4to.
Ca
eldest son of the pre-
Letters and Histori-
335
CAP
CAR
Capel, Daniel, d. 1679. Tentamen Medicum de
Variolis, and some other tracts.
Capel, Richard, 1586–1656, father of the above, be-
came a commoner of Alban Hall, Oxford, 1601, resigned
his rectory (refusing to publish the Book of Sports in
1633) and practised physic. Temptations, Lon., 1650, 8vo.
"A valuable experimental work.”—BICKERSTEth.
Apology against some Exceptions, 1659, Svo. Remains,
1658, 8vo.
Capelin, Geo. The Christian's Combat, 1591, 8vo.
Capell, Brooke A. de. Travels through Sweden,
Norway, and Finmark to the North Cape, in 1820, Lon.,
1823.
C:
· A volume by no means destitute of interest or amusement,
written with the feelings and in the style of a gentleman."-Lon.
Quarterly Review.
A Winter's Journey through Lapland and Sweden, Lon.,
1826, 4to.
Capell, Edward, 1713–1781, a native of Suffolk,
distinguished himself by his critical labours upon the text
of Shakspeare. He tells us that as early as 1745 he was
shocked at the licentiousness (wildness) of Hanmer's plan,
and determined to prepare an edition "ex fide codicum."
He pub. in 1768, 10 vols. Svo, an edition of his favourite
author, for which he received £300 from the bookseller.
"He appeared almost as lawless as any of his predecessors, vin-
dicating his claim to public notice by his established reputation,
the authoritative air of his notes, and the shrewd observations, as
well as majesty, of his preface. . . . There is not among the vari-
ous publications of the present literary æra a more singular com-
position than that Introduction.' In style and manner it is more
obsolete, and antique, than the age of which it treats. It has
since been added to the prolegomena of Johnson and Steevens's
edition."-Bing. Dict., 1798.
L
Capell announced in the title-page,
"Whereunto will be added, in some other volumes, notes, criti-
cal and explanatory, and a body of various readings entire."
To these was to be added another work disclosing the
sources from which Shakspeare
"Drew the greater part of his knowledge in mythological and
classical matters. his fable, his history, and even the seeming pe-
culiarities of language-to which we have given for title, The
School of Shakspeare."
After the assiduous labour of forty years, Mr. Capell
died without seeing his great work in print, (a volume of
Notes and Readings had appeared in 1775, 4to;) it was
Lub. by the care of Mr. Collins in 1783, 3 vols. 4to, en-
titled Notes and Various Readings to Shakespeare. To
which is added The School of Shakespeare, &c. These
volumes contain much valuable matter. See Monthly Re-
view and Critical Review.
He also pub. Prolusions, or Select Pieces of Ancient
Poetry, Lon., 1760, Svo, and altered the Play of Antony
and Cleopatra as acted at Drury Lane in 1758.
Capell's text of Shakspeare, notwithstanding all which has
been achieved since his decease, is, perhaps, one of the purest ex-
tant.”—Druke's Shakspeare and His Times.
Mr. Capell I call the Patron of Shakspeare. They who are ac-
quainted with his critical writings on Shakspeare, and his accu-
rate researches into this species of antiquity, will not scruple with
me to pronounce him the FATHER OF ALL LEGITIMATE COMMENTARY
ON SHAKSPEARE.”—Pursuits of Literature.
Capen, Joseph, of Massachusetts, d. 1725, aged 66,
pub. about 1682 an Elegy on John Foster.
Capen, Nahum, b. 1804 at Canton, Mass. Biogra-
phy of Dr. F. J. Gall. Edited his works translated from
the French, 6 vols. 12mo. Biography of Dr. J. G. Spurz-
heim, prefixed to his work on Physiognomy, 8vo. Prin-
cipal editor of the Annals of Phrenology, 2 vols. 12mo.
Edited the writings of the Hon. Levi Woodbury, LL.D.,
Boston, 1853, 3 vols. 8vo. Edited the Massachusetts State
Record from 1847 to 1851, 5 vols. He was among the
first to memorialize Congress on the subject of interna-
tional copyright. A letter of his, printed by the U. S.
Senate, led to the organization of the Census Board at
Washington. He is the author of other works on History,
Political Economy, &c.
Capgravius, John, d. 1464. Nova Legenda, sive
vitæ sanctorum Angliæ, Lon., 1516. A beautiful speci-
men of de Worde's press. Vita Henrici le Spenser,
Episc. Norwicensis. In Whartoni Angl. Sacr., tom. ii. 359. |
A list of the lives in the Nova Legenda (Capgrave's
Lives of the Saints) will be found in Catal. Lib. MSS.
Bibl. Cotton, p. 40, Tib. E. I., edit. 1802.
Capp, Mary E. African Princess, and other Poems,
1813, 8vo.
Cappe, Catherine, widow of Newcome, pub. Me-
moirs of her late husband in 1802, prefixed to his Critical
Remarks on Scripture, and some works on Charity Schools,
&c., 1800, '05, '09, '14. Autobiography, 1822, Svo.
Cappe, Newcome, 1732-1900, Socinian minister,
pub. Serms. and Discourses, 1784, '95, '96, a Selection of
Psalms, and a Defence of Mr. Lindsey against Cooper,
and of Dr. Priestley against the Monthly Reviewers.
Some of his Discourses were pub. York, 1805, Svo, and
1815, 8vo.
"Eminent talents for pulpit eloquence, with a copious flow of
strong and often beautiful expression."-REV. W. WOOD.
times."-Lon. Monthly Repository.
“In our judgment the most eloquent sermon writer of moder
His Critical Remarks on many important Passages of
Scripture were pub. with Memoirs of his life by Catherine
Cappe in 1802, 2 vols. Svo.
"A great part of his Critical Remarks turns upon points of con-
troversy, and is at variance with the sentiments of Christians of
almost every denomination."-DR. MALTBY.
"There is a great portion of very perverted ingenuity and
strained criticism. The reader will easily believe this, when I
mention that Mr. Cappe's remarks were too free even for the
Monthly Reviewers."-ÜRME.
Capper, Benj. Pits. Statistical Account of England,
1801, Svo. The Imperial Calendar for 1808, 12mo.
Topog. Dict. of the United Kingdom, 1808, 8vo.
Capper, James. Passage to India, 1784. Cultiva-
tion of Waste Lands, 1805. Tracts, 1809. Other works.
Capper, Louisa. Abridgt. of Locke's Essay on the
Human Understanding, 1811, 4to.
Law. Hist. of California from its discovery to 1854.
Capron, Elisha S., b. 1806 in N. Y., Counsellor-at-
Caradoc, or Caradog, d. about 1154, a native of
Llancarvan, in Wales, is said by Geoffrey of Monmouth
to have been engaged in a History of the Welsh Princes,
from the death of Cadwallader to the middle of the 12th
century.
"This work, which there can be no doubt was written in Latin,
appears to be now lost; except in a pretended Welsh version,
which has again been translated into English, and printed with a
continuation. How far this translation is a faithful representa-
tive of Caradoc's history, we cannot determine without the origi
nal text. Pits states that in his time there was a copy of the ori-
ginal in the library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.”—Biog.
Brit. Lit.
Of translations, we have Humphrey Lloyd's, corrected,
&c. out of Records and Authors, by Daniel Powel, Lon.,
1584, 4to; augmented and improved by W. Wynne, Lon.,
1697, Svo; reprinted, 1702, Svo; new edit., with a De-
scription of Wales, by Sir John Price, Lon., 1774, 8vo;
new edit., with Topographical Notices, by Richard Llwyd,
Shrewsbury, 1832, Svo. Caradoc also wrote a short Life
of Gildas, which is extant. See articles Gildas and Cara-
doc in Biog. Brit. Lit., and Gildas de Excidio Britanniæ
recens, Jos. Stevenson, Lon., 1838, Svo. Bale also ascribes.
to him Commentaries on Merlin, and a book, De Situ Orbis.
Card, Henry. Historical and Theological works,
1801-14. Beauford, a novel.
Card, Henry, D.D., 1779-1844. Theological trea-
tises, 1820, '25.
Card, William. Youths' Infallible Instructor, 1798.
Cardale, George. Sermon, 1755, 4to.
Cardale, Paul. Theolog. treatises, 1740, '61, '76, 8vo.
Cardale, R. The Righteous Man; 2 discourses, 1761.
Cardell, John. Serms., 1647, '49, '50, 4to.
Cardell, William S., d. 1828, of New York, pub. a
grammar and several other educational works.
Carden, J. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1805.
Cardew, Cornelius, D.D. Serms., 1779, '96, '99.
Cardonnel, Adam de. Numismata Scotiæ, Edin.,
1786, 4to. Picturesque Antiquities of Scotland, Lon.,
1788, 8vo and 4to. Intended as a supplement to Pen-
nant's Tour in Scotland.
Cardwell, Edward, D.D. Documentary Annals
of the Reformed Church of England, 1574-1716, Oxf.
1839, 2 vols. 8vo; new edit., 1844. History of Confer
ences, [rel. to C. Prayer Book,] 1558-1690, Oxf., 1840
8vo; 3d edit., 1849. Synodalia, Oxf., 1842, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Much curious and useful information."-BICKERSTETH.
Dr. Cardwell has pub. several other valuable works,
among which may be mentioned Lectures on the Coinage
of the Greeks and Romans, delivered in the University of
Oxford, Oxf., 1832, 8vo.
Care, George. Reply to "Religion and Liberty of
C.," 1685.
Care, Henry. Polit. and Theolog. works, 1673-1719.
Carel, John. 1. English Princess. 2. Sir Solomon,
1667, 71.
Careles, Careless, or Carelesse, John. Cer-
teyne Godley and Comfortable Letters [3] of the constant
Wytness of Christe, John Careless, Lon., 1566, 8vo; re-
peatedly reprinted, and lately by the Lon. Tract Society:
v. British Reformners, in vol. ix.
336
CAR
CAR
Careless, Franck, i. e. RICHARD HEAD, q. v.
Floating Island, 1673, 4to.
Careless, Thomas. Serm., 1661, 4to.
Carew, Abel. Against Rome and Papal Supremacy,
The
fol.
Carew, Sir Alexander. Speech and Confession,
1644, 4to.
Carew, or Carey, Lady Elizabeth. Marian, the
Fair Queen of Jewry; a Tragedy, Lon., 1613, 4to. Lang-
baine is so lost to gallantry as to remark
"For the Play itself, it is very well Pen'd, considering those
times and the Lady's sex."—Account of the English Dramatick
Poets, 1691.
We suspect-although he does not say so that "The
Lady's Sex" was the female sex. Oldys, in his MS. com-
ments upon Langbaine, supposes "her name should be
spelt Cary, and that she was the wife of Sir Henry Cary."
The Tragedy is forgotten, but the Chorus in Act the 4th,
Revenge of Injuries, embodies sentiments of Christian
morality which should never be out of date.
Carew, George, Earl of Totness, and Baron Carew,
of Clopton, President of Munster, 1557-1629, subdued a
formidable rebellion in Ireland, defeated the Spaniards on
their landing at Kinsale in 1601, and obliged them to
abandon their projects against Ireland. The following
work pub. by his natural son, Thomas Stafford, has been
ascribed to his lordship: Pacata Hibernia; Ireland ap-
peased and redvced, or an Historie of the late Warres of
Ireland, especially within the Province of Movnster, vnder
the Government of George Carew, Knight, &c., (1599-
1
1602,) Lon., 1633, fol.
"If any one takes the pains of looking into the preface, and
into p. 367, and other parts of Pacata Hibernia, he will be con-
vinced that Carew was not the author of it; but it was probably
compiled by his directions, to which he furnished the materials."
WALTER HARRIS: Ware's Ireland, iii. 329.
"This great and learned nobleman wrote other books relating
to the affairs of Ireland; forty-two volumes whereof are in the
Archbishop of Canterbury's library at Lambeth; and four volumes
more of collections from the originals, in the Cotton Library."
BISHOP NICOLSON: Irish Hist. Library.
Sir George translated from the French version, Maurice
Regan's Fragment of the History of Ireland. See Harris's
Hibernica, 1770. He also rendered into English The
Story of King Richard the Second, and Harris infers that
he drew up The Genealogy of the Fitzgeralds.
"He also made several collections, notes, and extracts for the
writing of the History of the Reign of K. Hen. V., which were re-
mitted into the History of Great Britain, dc., published by Joh.
Speed."-Athen. Oxon.
"He was a great patron of learning and lover of antiquities."
HORACE WALPOLE.
"His History of the Wars of Ireland, in which he was himself a
principal agent, is written with the unaffected openness and sin-
cerity of a soldier."-GRANGER.
Camden speaks of Carew with high respect,
"On account of his great love for antiquities, and for the light
he gave him into some of the affairs of Ireland." Vide Britannia,
and Park's Walpole's R. & N. Authors.
Stone, Lon., 1652, 4to. The Warming Stone first found
out, &c., Lon., 8vo.
Carew, Thomas, b. about 1589, d. 1639, gentleman
of the Privy Chamber, and Sewer in Ordinary to Charles
I., studied at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. His life
was that of an accomplished courtier, dividing his time
between attendance on his royal master, amusement, and
the composition of many beautiful little poems, which are
sometimes highly censurable as partaking of the licentious
tone which disgraces so many of the writers of his period.
For this fault the author was sincerely penitent. Many
of his pieces were set to music by H. and W. Lawes, and
appeared after his death in a 12mo vol.,, 1640; again in
other composers, and published in his lifetime. Others
1642, '51, '70, '72; with notes by Thomas Davies, 1772,
12mo; a later edit. pub. at Edin., and a Selection by John
Fry of Bristol.
Carew, Geo., Administrator of Sir William Courten,
pub. some pieces relative to his estate, and some political
treatises, 1659–62.
"A very insignificant performance."
Carew's Coelum Britannicum, a Masque, was erroneously
ascribed to Sir William Davenant, and is in his works,
1673, fol. Carew was a great favourite both with his poet-
ical brethren and the fashionable circles of the day.
"Carew's sonnets were more in request than any poet's of his
time, that is, between 1630 and 1640. They were many of them
set to music by the two famous composers. Henry and William
Lawes, and other eminent masters, and sung at court in their
masques."-Oldys's MS. notes on Langbaine.
Carew, Richard, 1555–1620, brother of Sir George,
the ambassador, pub. some translations from the Italian,
and wrote a True and Ready Way to learn the Latin
Tongue, but is best known by his excellent Survey of
Cornwall, Lon., 1602, 4to; again, in 1723 and 1769; but
the best edition is that of Francis, Lord De Dunstanville,
with additions, Lon., 1811, 4to.
"The survey of this county is so exactly taken by R. Carew,
Esquire, that there will be only occasion for posterity carefully to
continue a work so excellently begun; and to which Mr. Camden
acknowledges himself indebted for the chief light he had in these
parts."-BISHOP NICOLSON: Eng. Hist. Library.
"Although more Histories of Cornwall have been written than
of any other county, they are all wretched productions; and the
Survey of Curew remains beyond all comparison the most accurate
and satisfactory."-LOWNDES.
Carew was one of the models upon which Pope formed
his style. The preceptor polished his lines with elaborate
care, for which he was gently rebuked by his friend, Sir
John Suckling:
66
Tom Carew was next, but he had a fault
That would not well stand with a laureat:
His muse was hide-bound, and the issue of´s brain
Was seldom brought forth but with trouble and pain."
Sessions of Puels, in Fragmenta aurea, or poems, Lon., 1648. Sro,
But this is not to be taken for the real Judgment of that Ex-
cellent Poet: and he was too good a Judge of Wit to be ignorant
of Mr. Carew's Worth, and his Talent in Poetry, and had he
pleased, he could have said as much in his commendation as Sir
William & Avenant in those Stanzas writ to him."-Langbuine's
Dramatick Poetry.
• •
Thomas Carew, one of the favoured poets of his time for the
charming sweetness of his lyric odes and amorous sonnets..
was untimely snatched away by death, in the prime of his years,
to the great reluctancy of many of his poetical acquaintances."-
Athen. Ozon.
He was reckoned among the chiefest of his time for delicacy
of wit and poetic fancy; by the strength of which his extant poems
still maintain their fame amidst the curious of the present age."-
PHILLIPS.
"He was a person of a pleasant and facetious wit, and madə
many poems, (especially in the amorous way,) which for the sharp
ness of the fancy, and the elegance of the language in which that
fancy was spread, were at least equal. if not superior, to any of
that time. But his glory was. that after fifty years of his life spent
with less severity or exactness than it ought to have been, he died
with great remorse for that license, and with the greatest mani-
festation of Christianity that his best friends could desire.”—EARL
OF CLARENDON.
"Elaborate and accurate.”—Lloyd's Worthies.
Carew, Sir George, second son of Thomas Carew,
Esq., was ambassador to the Court of France, and on his
return home, in 1609, drew up and addressed to James I.,
A Relation of the State of France; with the Characters of
Henry IV., and the Principal Persons of that Court. The
Earl of Hardwicke placed the MS. into the hands of Dr.
Birch, who pub. it with his Historical View of the Nego English Poetry, Lon., 1787, 2 vols. 8vo.
tiations between the Courts of England, France, and Brus-
sels, 1592-1617, Lon., 1749, 8vo. Gray, the poet, com-
mends it as an excellent performance. See Mason's
Memoirs.
.
"It is a model upon which Embassadors may form and digest
their notions and representations."-DR. BIRCH.
"An elegant and almost forgotten writer, whose poems deserve
to be revived."-BISHOP PERCY.
Carew has the ease without the pedantry of Waller, and per
haps less conceit. He reminds us of the best manner of Lord
Lyttelton. Waller is too exclusively considered as the first man
who brought versification to any thing like its present standard.
Carew's pretensions to the same merit are seldom sufficiently
either considered or allowed.”— Headley's Select Beauties of Ancient
His lines are often very harmonious, but not so artfully con-
structed or so uniformly pleasing as those of Waller. He is re-
markably unequal; the best of his little poems (none of more than
thirty lines are good) excel all of his time; but after a few lines
of great beauty, we often come to some ill-expressed, or obscure,
ledge that he has more fancy and more tenderness than Waller,
or weak, or inharmonious passage. Few will hesitate to acknow-
but less choice, less judgment and knowledge where to stop, less
of the equality which never offends, less attention to the unity
and thread of his little pieces."-HALLAM: Introduc. to Lit. Hist.
"The want of boldness and expansion in Carew's thoughts and
subjects excludes him from rivalship with great poetical names,
nor is it difficult, even within the narrow pale of his works, to dis
cover some faults of affectation, and of still more objectionable in-
delicacy. But among the poets who have walked in the same
limited path, he is pre-eminently beautiful, and deservedly ranks
among the earliest of those who gave a cultivated grace to our
lyrical strains."—Campbell's English Ports.
Carew, Thomas. The Rights of Elections, Lon.,
1755, fol.
Carey, Alice, b. 1820, near Cincinnati, Ohio, contri-
buted for several years to Western periodicals before the
publication of the first collection of her poems, which ap-
peared in Phila. (1849) in a volume entitled Poems, by
Alice and Phebe Carey.
Alice and Phebe Carey. She has since pub. Clovernook,
or Recollections of Our Neighbourhood in the West, 1851;
Hagar, a Story of To-Day; Lyra, and other Poems, 1852;
Carew, Richard. Excellent Helps by a Warming Clovernook, 2d series, and Clovernook Children, 1854
22
337
CAR
CAR
|
Poems, including the Tlascallan Maiden, a Romance of the
Golden Age of Tezcuco; Married, not Mated, a Novel; and
Holywood, a Novel, (1855.)
"The poems of Alice Carey evince no ordinary power of imagina-
tion."-North Am. Review.
"No American woman has evinced in prose or poetry any thing
like the genius of Alice Carey."-Westminster Review.
"She appears to combine the fine qualities of Mrs. Elizabeth
Barrett Browning with the best graces of pastoral poetry."-Jour
nal des Débats, Puris.
"We do not hesitate to predict for these sketches (Clovernook]
a wide popularity. They bear the true stamp of genius-simple,
natural, truthful-and evince a keen sense of the humour aud
pathos, of the comedy and tragedy of life in the country. No one
who has ever read it can forget the sad and beautiful story of Mary
Wildermings; its weird fancy, tenderness, and beauty; its touch-
ing description of the emotions of a sick and suffering human spi-
rit, and its exquisite rural pictures.”—J. G. WHITTIER.
"It is impossible to deny that she has original and extraor-
dinary powers, or that the elements of genius are poured forth in
her verses with an astonishing richness and prodigality."-E. P.
WHIPPLE.
"Alice Carey evinces in many poems a genuine imagination and
a creative energy that challenges peculiar praise. We have per-
haps no other author, so young, in which the poetical faculty is so
largely developed."-R. W. GRISWOLD. See, also, Mrs. Hale's Wo-
man's Record.
"Her characters are remarkable, considering their variety, for
fidelity to nature, and her sentiments are marked by womanly
delicacy, humanity, and reverence for religion; while over all is
the charm of a powerful imagination, with frequent manifestations
of the most quiet and delicious humour."-PROF. JNO. S. HART,
"The author has already given proof of her genius in the de-
partment of poetry, and in the present volume she shows the pos-
session of no less decided talent for narrative, and the delineation
of character.”—W. C. BRYANT.
Carey, David. Pleasures of Nature, &c., and other
poems, 1803, 8vo. The Reign of Fancy; a Poem, 1804,
12mo. Secrets of the Castle; a Novel, 1806, 2 vols. 12mo.
Picturesque Scenes; or a Guide to the Highlands, 1811,
8vo. Craig Phadric, &c. 1810, 8vo.
Carey, Edward, M.D. Trans. of Dr. L. J. De Jough's
treatise on Cod Liver Oil; with an Appendix and Cases,
Lon., Svo.
"As a most useful addition to our knowledge on this interesting
subject, we recommend the study of Dr. De Jough's treatise, ex-
tended as it is, in Its present form, by its able commentator.”—
Lon. Lancet.
|
Carey, George. A Planisphere, or Map of the prin-
cipal Stars in the Northern Hemisphere, Edin., 1814; on
a Sheet.
Carey, George Saville, d. 1807, aged 64, son of
Henry Carey, the musical_composer and poet, travelled
from town to town through England for forty years, giving
"lectures," or rather singing songs of his own composition.
If their poetical merit was not of the first order, it is yet
to be recorded to his credit, that, following his father's
example, he was careful to exclude every thing of an im-
moral tendency from his entertainments. The Inoculator,
C., 1766, 8vo.
The Cottagers, O., 1766, 8vo. Liberty
Chastised, T. C., 1768, Svo. Shakspeare's Jubilee, M.,
1769, 8vo. The Old Women Weatherwise, Int., 1770, Svo.
The Magic Girdle, Burl., 1770, 4to. The Nut-Brown Maid,
C. O., 1770, 12mo. Noble Pedlar, Burl., 1770, 4to. Ana-
lects, 1771, 2 vols. 12mo. Mimickry, 1776, 12mo. Rural
Ramble, 1777, 8vo. Poctical Efforts, 1787, 12mo. Dupes
of Fancy, F., 1792, Svo. Balnea, 1799, Svo. Eighteen
Hundred, being a Collection of Songs, Tewkesbury, 1800.
"His talents and musical taste were such as might have raised
him to eminence, had he cultivated them with diligence, or had
he not been obliged to provide for the day that was passing over
him... He wrote a great variety of songs, in which, like his
father, he never once trespassed on decency or good manners."-
Biog. Dramat.
•
Carey, or Cary, Henry, Earl of Monmouth, 1596-
1661, eldest son of Robert, first Earl of Monmouth, was
admitted a Fellow Commoner of Exeter College, Oxford, at
the age of 15, and took the degree of B.A. in 1613. He
was made a Knight of the Bath in 1616. In 1925 he was
known by the name of Lord Lepington, his father's title
before he was created Earl of Monmouth. In 1639 he be-
came Earl of Monmouth.
6.
Being then noted for a person well skill'd in the modern lan-
guages, and a general scholar; the fruit whereof he found in the
troublesome times of rebellion, when by a forced retiredness, he
was capacitated to exercise himself in studies, while others of the
nobility were fain to truckle to their inferiors for company's sake."
-Allun. Ozon.
Horace Walpole considers that this pleasant employment
of time to which Wood refers was his lordship's chief in-
ducement to authorship.
The History of the late Wars of Christendom, Lon.,
1641, fol.
"I believe this (which Wood says he never saw) is the same work
with his translation of Sir Francis Biondi's History of the Civil
Wars of England, between the Houses of York and Lancaster.”—
IIORAce Walpole,
Carey, Henry, d. 1743, a musician and poet, was the
father of GEORGE SAVILLE CAREY, (q. v.) who inherited his
father's facility in composition. Poems, Lon., 1713, Svo;
1720, 12mo; 1729, 4to. Verses on Gulliver's Travels,
1727, 8vo. Cantatas and Essays, Lon., 1724, '32. His
Farce of the Contrivances, 1815, and Hanging and Mar-
riage, 1722, are among the best-known of his pieces. His
Dramatic Works were pub. in 1743, 4to: a list will be
found in Biog. Dramat. The classical ballad beginning
"Of all the Girls that are so smart," or
or "Sally in our
Alley," claims Carey as its author. The Musical Century,
2 vols. fol., was pub. in 1740.
and Cases, 2 vols. fol., was pub. in 1740. As we are fond of literary
coincidences, we shall record one which we discover in
reading the preface to "The Musical Century." It so
happened that our learned friend, the distinguished parent
of the new school of Political Economy-HENRY C. CA-
REY, (we wish that that C. could be expunged to render
the coincidence more perfect!) published in 1853 a series
of Letters on International Copyright, in which the sub-
ject of Copyright in its general aspects is treated with
much vigour and ability. As regards the soundness of
Mr. Carey's doctrines, we are of course too wise to give
an opinion, surrounded as we are in this volume with such
a host of authors of opposing sentiments. Now it so
happens that HENRY CAREY, of musical memory, favours
us with some lines upon this subject in the Preface to his
Musical Century:
had from an act depending in Parliament, for securing the right
"What retarded the publication thus long, was the prospect I
of copies to authors or their assigns. &c.; it being almost incredible
how much I have suffered by having my works pyrated; my loss
on that account, for many years past. amounting to little less than
£300 per annum, as I can easily make appear to any person, con-
versant in publication.
made in favour of engravers, I doubt not but the wisdom and
"As the justice of such a law is self-evident; and au act already
humanity of the Legislature will, one time or other, regulate this
affair, not confining the property of authors, &c. to one particular
branch, but extending it to the benefit of arts and sciences in ge-
neral:
"He seems to have distrusted his own abilities, and to have
made the fruits of his studies his amusement, rather than the
method of his fame. Though there are several large volumes
translated by him, we have scarce any thing of his own composi-
tion: and are as little acquainted with his character as with his
genius.”—Royal and Noble Authors.
338
Historical Relations of the United Provinces, and of
Flanders, 1652, fol.; trans. from Bentivoglio. History
of the Wars in Flanders, 1652, fol.; again, 1654, '78; also
from Bentivoglio.
"Bentivoglio is reckoned as a writer among the very first of his
age."-HALLAM.
Politic Discourses in 6 Books, 1657, fol.; and History of
Venice, 1658, fol.; both trans. from Paul Parata, a no-
ble Venetian. His lordship also trans. from Senault, Man
become Guilty; or the Corruption of his Nature by Sin.
Romulus and Tarquin from Malvezzi; and from the works
of Boccalini, Capriata, and Priorati: the last (History of
France) he did not live to finish. It was completed by
W. Brent, and pub. 1676, '77. His Amelia, a New Eng-
lish Opera, was pub. in 1632, Svo, and The Use of Pas-
sions, Lon., 1649 and 1671, Svo.
His brother, Thomas Carey, was the author of some
occasional poems, one of which was set to music by Henry
Lawes, and will be found in his Ayres and Dialogues,
1653.
"Oh! could I see the day!"
This coincidence is worth noticing, certainly.
Sir John Hawkins thus sums up the characteristics of
Carey as a musician and an author:
"As a musician Carey seems to have been of the first of the lowest
first; with this difference, that in all the songs and poems written
rank; and as a poet, the last of that class of which Durfey was the
by him on wine, love, and such kinds of subjects, he seems to have
manifested an inviolable regard for decency and good manners."
The last line is well enough, and could Carey have read
Sir John's estimate, we may imagine him exclaiming with
the vanquished monarch, "All is lost, save honour!"
Carey, Henry, Lord Viscount Falkland. See CARY.
Carey, Henry. Essays, &c., pub. under the signature
of John Waters.
Carey, Henry C., b. 1793, at Philadelphia, son of
MATHEW CAREY, (q. v.) succeeded his father in his exten-
sive publishing business, in 1821, and continued in a pur-
suit so congenial to his literary taste, until 1838. In 1824
he established. the system of periodical trade-sales, which
are now the ordinary channels of exchange between book-
sellers. Mr. Carey inherited an inclination to investiga-
tions in Political Economy, and in 1836 gave the results
of his speculations to the world in an Essay on the Kete
of Wages, which was expanded into The Principles ! Fo
·
CAR
CAR
litical Economy, 1837-40, 3 vols. Svo. The novel position
assumed by Mr. Carey excited no little surprise among the
European Political Economists. This work has been pub-
lished in Italian at Turin, and in Swedish at Upsal.
"Bastiat has taken from Carey ideas that the American Econo-
mist had developed, and had presented to his readers with so much
skill, and with such an imposing mass of facts, as in truth to leave
in suspense the decision of even the most accomplished student of
his works. . . . Carey, and, after him, Bastiat, have thus intro-
duced a formula in relation to the measure of value, that I believe
is destined to be universally adopted. It is a most felicitous idea.
His work cannot be omitted from our collection, nor can its
publication be delayed."-Professor Ferrara, Editor of the Biblio
teca dell' Economista.
··
"The most important product of political economy for the last
half century."-Journal des Economistes.
In 1838 Mr. Carey pub. The Credit System in France,
Great Britain, and the United States.
"An American author, Mr. H. C. Carey, well known by several
excellent works, seems to me, in this matter, (Currency,) and espe-
cially in the investigation of causes and effects, to have succeeded
better than the English inquirers. As early as 1838, he had in bis
book-The Credit System in France, Great Britain, and the United
States-clearly shown the primary causes of the perturbations oc-
curring almost periodically in commerce and currency, and that
the cause was the same in France as in England.”—M. CoQUELIN:
Revur des Deux Mondes,
"The best work on the credit system that has ever been pub
lished."-Journal des Economistes.
In 1848 Mr. Carey pub. The Past, The Present, and The
Future.
"A work whose design is to show that men are everywhere now
doing precisely as has heretofore been done, and that they do so in
obedience to a great and universal law, directly the reverse of that
taught by Ricardo. Malthus, and their successors."-Men of the
Time, New York, 1852, q. v.
1
It is. as our readers see, the theory of progress, redeemed from
the wildness of philosophical speculations, economically established,
and brought home to us by the facts."-Dictionnaire de l'Economic
Politique.
"The field surveyed by Mr. Carey in the Past and Present is a
broad one-broader than that of any other book of our time-for
it discusses every interest of man."-American Whig Revicu.
Kericw.
"One of the strongest and most original writers of the age."-
Westminster Review.
"Every friend of agriculture ought to read Mr. Carey's remark-
able and convincing work."-Skinner's Journal of Agriculture.
"A volume of extensive information, deep thought, high intel-
ligence, and, moreover, of material utility."-Lm. Morning Adver.
This work also excited great attention abroad, and has
recently been published in Swedish at Stockholm. For se-
veral years Mr. C. contributed all the leading articles, and
many of those less important, to The Plough, the Loom,
and the Anvil. A number of these papers have been col-
lected in a volume entitled The Harmony of Interests, Agri-
cultural, Manufacturing, and Commercial, and others of
them in a pamphlet called The Prospect; Agricultural,
Manufacturing, Commercial, and Financial, at the opening
of 1851.
·
"It was as an answer to Godwin's book that Malthus composed
his celebrated Essay on Population, the theory of which was at once
accepted and remains to this day as the strongest apology of which
despotism is capable. The ruling classes were not only exculpated,
but they were taught to harden their hearts against the people'
by a theory which ascribed the miseries of the governed to the
regular operation of a fixed law of human and physical nature,
which even that charity which endeavoured to alleviate individual
suffering, could only aggravate. Malthus assigned, as the effective
cause of poverty and wretchedness in the masses, a supposed law
of population, according to which it has a constant teudency to
outrun the growth of capital-the number of mouths to be fed to
exceed the food that should fill them. The human race, according
to this theory, has implanted in it such instincts and powers that
under their free action it would increase in geometrical ratio, dou-
bling every twenty-five years. The means of subsistence, on the
other hand, are, as he believed, limited to an increase in arithmeti-
cal ratio. There must consequently, in the natural order of provi
dence, be a constantly increasing disparity between the amount of
property in a community-especially that of the first necessity like
food-and the number of persons to divide, with a steady and cease
less approximation towards famine. If, in point of fact, the press
the territic rate which the law would demand. it was due to almost
ure of population upon subsistence had been seen not to grow at
perpetual wars waged at the instigation of kings and nobles-to fre
quent famines, resulting often from the devastations of war-to pes
tilence, brooding in the foul cabins of the poor, and fastening upon
some little-if the poor had only been wiser, and piously submis-
them because they were poor, ill-fed, ill-clothed. and ill-sheltered.
sire to the decrees of Heaven-should have been owing to that
Blackwood's Magazine remarks of The Harmony of In-moral restraint' which it was the object of Mr. Malthus to incul
terests, &c.:
cate-to abstinence from matrimony, or, if the imprudence of matri-
mony were committed, to defeating its purpose-the propagation of
offspring. Alas, how little credit could the poor claim on this score!
Scandalously prolific had they been ever and everywhere, and the
weak charity of their betters had, by administering relief to the
destitute, and thus interposing between their folly in begetting
children, and its heaven-ordained penalty, diverted their attention
from what Mr. Mill tells us is the only remedy, the grand practi-
cal problem-to find the means of limiting the number of births.'
"As man is a producer of food, as well as a consumer, the organic
should explain why it is that the race cannot make its labour pro-
law of Malthusianism required some supplementary dogma which
ductive in the ratio of its numbers. This was soon supplied in
the theory of Rent, which goes by the name of Ricardo. and is
based upon the allegation that settlement and culture always be
gin upon the most fertile and best-situated lands, and as they
are occupied by the growth of population, men necessarily recede
to soils of progressively deteriorating quality, and possessing less
advantages of situation. Each generation of cultivators expend-
tion to their numbers to those tilled by their predecessors, each
ing their energies upon soils yielding returns inferior in propor-
increment to the population would harvest a less and less incre
ment of food, and with every year a larger proportion of the entire
available labour of the community would be required for supply-
ing its primary necessity. This, if true-and it passed without
question until refuted by Mr. Carey-was a satisfactory and cor-
a steady declension towards misery and starvation would be the
roborative explanation of the laws of population. It proved that
inevitable lot of the masses, even upon the supposition that all
the means of subsistence were fairly and equally partitioned. But
the theory did more. It taught that as soon as the necessities of
society drove men to the cultivation of land of the second quality,
the owners of that of the first grade acquired the power to charge
for its use a rent equivalent to the difference in the crops of the
two. When land of the third quality became necessary to supply
the increasing mouths, the second yielded a rent, and the rout of
the first was also advanced by an amount equal to the differencə
between the second and third. Consequently the smaller the sup
ply of food became, the larger the proportion of it absorbed by the
landlords, and the less that of the labourers. This established
the necessary growth of a landed aristocracy, whose wealth and
power wax, as those of the people wane. Nor was this all. It
"Mr. Carey, the well-known statistical writer of America, has
supplied us with ample materials for conducting such an inquiry;
and we can safely recommend his remarkable work to all who wish
to investigate the causes of the progress or decline of industrial
communities."
In 1853 appeared The Slave-Trade; Domestic and Fo-
reign; why it exists; and how it may be extinguished.
"It is an invaluable addition to the literature of the country
and of the world."-New York Tribune.
"Mr. Carey has clearly substantiated his claim to be the leading
writer now devoted to the study of political economy. In his
pregnant discussions he has not only elevated the scientific posi-
tion of his country, but nobly subserved the cause of humanity."
-New York Quarterly.
Mr. Carey has also pub. (in 1840) Answers to the Ques-
tions, What Constitutes Currency? What are the Causes
of its Unsteadiness? And What is the Remedy? And Let-
ters on International Copyright, (1853.) In 1858 he gave
to the world vols. i. and ii. of an important work, to be
comprised in 3 vols. Svo, entitled Principles of Social
Science; also Letters to the President of the U.S., Svo. We
subjoin an examination of Mr. Carey's merits as a teacher
of political economy, prepared for us by one of the most
eminent of American professors of this important science:
"Mr. Carey, not only in his own country, but throughout Eu-
rope, where his writings have been extensively studied, both in
their original language and in translations, is the acknowledged
founder and head of a now school of Political Economy. We can
only indicate the fundamental difference between his system and
that in undisputed supremacy when he began his contributions to
3ocial science. This however will suffice to show how eminently
hopeful, progressive. and democratic, are the doctrines which he
proclaimed, and with what fulness of significance those who have
accepted them are styled the American school.
**
|
classes of society, and how, whenever the fact is wanting-wher
ever a community is stationary, or some classes fall back in the
scale of comfort, while others advance-it is an anomaly which
may be traced to human interference. If all the industrial orders,
labourers, capitalists, and land-owners, fail to march forward with
the procession of time towards a better and steadily improving con
dition, Adam Smith found the cause in misgovernment by earthly
rulers, not in any defect of providential arrangements. There had
been little more than time for the scholars of the continent to make
themselves acquainted with Smith's system, when the convulsion
of the French Revolution began. The toiling millions had jumped
with a sure instinct that needed no bookish instruction to the con-
clusion that their industry ought, in the natural course of things,
to have secured the enjoyment of the fruits that every day eluded
their grasp, to fall into the hands of the idle and profigate;-that
the products of labour were abundant for the material comfort of
all. and that the false and partial distribution by which they were
defrauded of their fair share, was due to the wickedness or incom
petence of their rulers. They were prompt to seek the remedy in
governmental reforms. Adam Smith had prepared the literary
class for sympathizing with their convictions and their aspirations.
Godwin's Political Justice was, in conservative England, among
the boldest and sharpest protests against the defects and failures
of the existing social organization, uttered with a calmness, sobrie
ty, and force of reasoning, that were not to be met by denouncing
it as Democratic and Revolutionary, which sufficed for a reply to
more intemperate writers. Mr. Malthus, a clergyman of the Esta
blished Church, while studying to refute it, was impressed with the
for argument, and became satisfied that the evils of which the re-
substantial justice of the plea for reform, upon the received dota
publicans complained admitted of no defence which should come
short of demonstrating the necessity of their existence, or throw
the responsibility for it upon the sufferers.
Adam Smith's publication of the Wealth of Nations was con-
temporaneous with the opening of the American Revolution. That
work explained the manner in which the course of nature tends
to the concurrent and harmonious progress in well-being of all
339
CAR
CAR
I
taught that the price of all raw productions was necessarily fixed
by that of the portion raised with the greatest difficulty and ex-
pense, that is, on the worst soils under cultivation which pay no
rent. Rent therefore did not enter into price; but price it was
held was divided between wages and profits, profits being the
highest when wages are least. The interests of the labourer and
the capitalist are thus held to be directly antagonistic, they having
to struggle with each other about the division of a continually de-
creasing share left by the landlord for the two.
<
If this system be true, the stratification of society after the
aristocratic models is as certain and inevitable as any fact in Geo-
logy, and all dreams of the equality and brotherhood of man, or
of any permanent and practical amelioration of the condition of
the many as vain, as would be projects for altering the location of
the eternal rocks, and making the granite of the globe overlay the
limestone. Well was it termed the Dismal science, that thus taught
the very philosophy of despair, resting upon an arithmetic of ruin.'
It is not singular that essentially retrograde and anti-democratic as
it was in its origin and its spirit. it should have been welcomed in
Europe at a time when conservatism was shaken with strange fears
of change, and perplexed for a plausible answer to the demands of
political justice; but it is strange that it should have been accepted
in this country, and be inculcated expressly, or by necessary im-
plication, by those who claim to be pre-eminently democratic.
i
"Such was the revolting aspect of Political Economy, when, in
1835, Mr. Carey published his Essay on the Rate of Wages. The
main step out of the gloom of the Ricardian system gained by |
this first essay was its proof that profits and wages do not vary
inversely, but that high wages are an infallible evidence of pros-
perity, and of the rapid increase of capital: thus establishing har-
mony, instead of antagonism, between the interests of labourers
and of capitalists. We do not dwell on the importance of this
position, because Mr. Carey in his progress soon brought the par-
ticular truth under a more general law, as is ordinarily the case
when an empirical system begins to grow into science. In 1837
he published the first Part of his Principles of Political Economy,
followed between that period and 1840 by the three remaining
Parts. A new and very simple, but, as an Italian Economist has
justly styled it, a very sagacious, expression of the measure or
limit of Value, as consisting not in the labour expended in the pro-
duction of any thing, but in the labour required to reproduce it,
at the time of estimation, marks the opening of this work. It
proceeds to establish these necessary consequences:-That the value
of existing capital is constantly falling with the advantages of as-
sociation, and the acquisition of improved machinery which attending
the growth of population; for these reduce the labour of repro-
ducing the various commodities of which capital is made up, and
facilitate the construction of new machinery, by which still further
economy may be effected. That labour is therefore steadily grow:
ing in its power to command capital, and, e converso, the power of
capital over labour as steadily diminishing. That labour and capi-
tal in their combined action are continually producing a larger re-
turn for the same outlay, of which larger return an increasing pro-
portim, and of course an increased absolute quantity, goes to the
labourer, while the share of the capitalist diminishes in its pro-
portion, but is taken from a return so large as to yield him for that
smaller proportion, a quantity increased in its absolute amount.
No truth so luminous as that contained in this grand law of Dis-
tribution had ever before lighted up the path of inquiry into Social
Science. It gave the clew by which History is made intelligible
and consistent, for it alone explains the possibility of that physi-
cal. social. and political progress through which all classes advance
in their dominion over the powers and the stores of nature, with
a constant approximation towards equality in their relations to
each other, in other words towards Democracy.
The doctrines of Ricardo were not merely negatived, but re-
versed, when in the same work it was shown that land owes all its
value to labour, and so far from exchanging for an amount of la-
bour equal to that expended in bringing it to its existing condi-
tion, never commands more than the quantity requisite to bring
new land to an equally productive condition:-a quantity much
inferior, because every improvement enables men to expend their
labour more advantageously than their predecessors, and thus to
reproduce land, that is to say, all those ameliorations and advan-
tages of market which give value to land,at a cheaper rate. That
rent only represents the interest on the cost of reproduction, and
therefore the profits of landed investment obey the same laws which
govern capital in other forms; the landlord obtaining a decreasing
proportion, though an increasing quantity, from the crops of his
domain. Mr. Carey arrived at this conclusion, though he then
believed with Ricardo in the 'decreasing fertility of the soil' by
finding a sufficient compensation in the enhanced power of labour
through the aid of capital (other than raw produce) growing at a
rate sufficiently more rapid than that of population to countervail
the disadvantages of its being forced to the cultivation of the in-
ferior lands. He has brought a large portion of the European
economists, as recent discussions prove, up to this stage of his pro-
gress—a point where they must renounce Malthusianism entirely,
and the errors of Ricardo in great part. But the incongruity re-
mains that the decreasing fertility of the soil' is an ever-growing
impediment to that accumulation of capital, by which at any given
point its decreased productiveness and enhanced demand for the
application of labour may be overcome, and this stumbling-block
remained until 1848.
In that year Mr. Carey published The Past, Present, and Fu-
ture, in which he attacked the central filsehood of Ricardo's sys-
tem, and demonstrated that the fact is the very reverse of his
hypothesis. By an elaborate historical investigation, he shows
conclusively that in all countries in an advanced stage of civiliza-
tion. men, instead of beginning settlement and cultivation upon
the best soils, have begun upon the poorest. the light, sandy soils
of the uplands, which are easily tilled by the rudest and least eff-
cient tools. and that with the improvement of machinery, and the
increased powers of association attending the growth of popula
tion, they have proceeded regularly to the heavy bottom-lands
covered with dense timber, and requiring great outlays for drain-
age, and other costly amelioration. By geographical comparison
of contemporaneous communities, he shows that the lowest in the
scale of population and wealth are those in which the inferior soils
are alone cultivated, and the better lie waste; and that the degree
to which they have subdued the better 'ands accurately marks
their progress. In a prolonged discussion in which Economists of
all parts of Europe have taken part, he has repeatedly-and in
vain-challenged the maintainers of the hicardian hypothesis to
name a single spot where men have not commenced on the poor
soils, and proceeded to the better, with increasing numbers and
wealth; or where they have not receded to the poorer with the in-
roads of poverty and depopulation. The acquisition of this truth
gave harmony and completeness to the system. It accounted for
an accelerated rate in the accumulation of capital, by showing how
a decreasing proportion of a growing community is able to supply
the whole with food and material, and an increasing proportion is
left free to devote its labour to the conversion of that material;
while it taught the philosophy of concentration as the means of
facilitating exchange, and the diversification of industry. It ex-
plained the prevalence of war, and of military institutions in the
earlier ages of society, by showing how and why it is that sparse
communities, finding themselves stinted in food, and imagining
themselves pinched in space, covet the territories of their neigh
bours, and waste their energies in alternate aggression and defence
against the reprisal provoked by it.-how a military aristocracy
(and all aristocracies have been military in their origin) is possiblə
when wages are low, and the landlord taking two-thirds of the
product of his fields in the shape of rent, is able to support a re-
tinue of men-at-arms equal in number to the cultivators, and be
comes impossible as his proportion decreases, and that of the culti
vators increases-how the latter successively emerge from the
condition of slaves, serfs, feudal vassals, to equality of political
rights, and Republican self-government. We have said enough to
indicate how naturally the system of Mr. Carey, shining over and
beyond the narrow field of material wealth-to which the old
school of Economists. not less from necessity, than from inclina-
tion, limits itself-lights up the whole realm of political interests,
and all the social relations of man. Slavery and the Slave Trade
published by Mr. Carey in 1850, is no more than an application in
extenso to the elucidation of the particular topic of principles clearly
established and developed in the preceding works. The circum-
stances and the policy which increase or diminish the power of
men to control their own labour and its fruits, are treated with
the same dispassionate logic as a physician would employ in treat-
of the cause and cure of malarious fevers, and equally irre
spective of the colour or locality of the patients. In fact. it is the
characteristic of Mr. Carey's system. that having based it upon
physical facts, and thus brought it into affiliation with the positive
sciences. he pursues the same methods of investigation which have
conducted to precision and certainty in physical discovery; and
thus arrives at those 'great constitutive laws in which dwell do
minion and the power of prophecy.'
"Our limits have confined us to the elucidation of the radical
distinction between the American and European systems, at the
expense of omitting any reference to the diversities of their out-
growth in the minor developments and collateral consequences.
The reader must explore them for himself, and we trust will ere
long bave new aid in the inquiry. It is the distinction of genuine
science that every step opens the way for further progress, and
that it tends to constant simplification, by bringing a wider range
of facts under general laws, diminishing in number as they en-
large in scope. We have reason to expect from Mr. Carey the pub-
lication of his maturest views in the order of their logical genesis.
This is usually the reverse of the order of discovery, and admits
of much greater condensation, for man's path to the central and
mother truth is through a converging spiral. As he has advanced
from circle to circle, he has announced his progress in treatises,
if not essentially polemic and critical, yet necessarily swelled by a
mass of evidence and illustration which may now be dismissed.
To prove empirically that the planets revolve in ellipses, requires
innumerable observations of their actual position and volumes
of figures, but the demonstration becomes brief and easy as soon
as the focus and the law of attraction have been ascertained.
"Mr. Carey has been an industrious anonymous writer in Ma
gazines and Journals, in defence of the protective policy which
his theory for the first time made logically tenable. and reconciled
with the philosophy of Adam Smith, which those who quote with-
out reading, or read but in scraps. assume it to condemn. The Har
mony of Interests-Agricultural, Manufacturing, and Commer-
cial, is devoted expressly to this topic."
Carey, John, LL.D., d. 1829, a native of Ireland, was
well known as the editor of more than 50 volumes of the
Regent's Classics, of Ainsworth's Latin Dictionary, &c.,
and author and translator of several useful works. We
notice the following valuable work: Schleusner's New
Testament Lexicon, compressed into the Form of a Ma-
nual, Lon., 1826, 8vo.
"The main principle of this volume is, that it contains all
Schleusner's lexicographical interpretations, together with his
Scripture references, and this without abridgment; while nothing
is sacrificed but what, in a majority of instances, may be advan-
tageously dispensed with. . . . Dr. Carey's name is a guarantes
for correct impression.”—Lon. Eclectic Review, N. S. xxvi. 180.
Carey, John. See CARY.
Carey, Mathew, 1760-1839, an eminent philan-
thropist, was a native of Dublin. His father, a inan of
great intelligence, bestowed upon him and his five brothers
a liberal education, and they all subsequently became dis-
tinguished for their learning or literary taste. At the
early age of 17, Mathew pub. an Essay on Duelling, which
was followed in 1779 by A Letter to the Catholics of Ire-
land, which caused much excitement, and compelled his
340
CAR
CAR
temporary exile to France, where he made the acquaintance
of Dr. Franklin, with whom, and with the Marquis de
Lafayette, Mr. Carey was on terms of friendship. Return-
ing to Ireland, he established the Volunteer's Journal,
which speedily took its place as the leading opposition
paper of the day, but persecution from the government
led to his arrest and imprisonment, and finally forced him
in 1783 to quit his country. Arrived in Philadelphia,
Arrived in Philadelphia,
where he continued to reside until his death in 1839, he
commenced his career in 1785 as editor and proprietor of
the Pennsylvania Herald, and this was followed by the
American Museum, a monthly journal of which he was
also editor. This periodical extended to 13 volumes,
1787-92, and forms a valuable record of the facts of that
period. Mr. Carey was author of numerous pamphlets on
various subjects of public interest, and of several books
which had much success. Of these the earliest published
in America was a History of the Yellow Fever of 1793, of
which four editions were published. In 1810, '11, he pub.
Letters and Reflections upon the United States Bank. In
1814 appeared The Olive Branch, or Faults on both Sides,
Federal and Democratic, an appeal to the good sense of
the political parties of the day to lay aside their differences
during the pendency of the then existing war with Great
Britain: this paper speedily passed through ten editions,
comprising 10,000 copies.
"No publication has appeared since the formation of the Ame-
rican Government which contains such copious and authentic in-
formation of the state of the country."
"Mr. Carey-a man, to whom we are all a great deal more in-
debted than we are aware of, and who is entitled to respect and
regard for the generosity of his nature, the extent and variety of
bis knowledge, and his devoted and disinterested exertions in the
public service. He has given more time, money, and labour to
the public than any man I am acquainted with. aud. in truth.
has founded in Philadelphia a school of public spirit. This is bare
justice to an excellent citizen, to whom also I am free to acknow-
ledge my own particular obligations for his uniform friendship."
Mexico, April 19, 1827.
The citizens of the United States will ever owe to Mr.
Carey's memory a debt of gratitude for his invaluable
labours as a citizen, a politician, and a philanthropist.
Carey, Patrick. Trivial Poems and Triolets; edited
by Walter Scott, Edin., 1820, 4to, from the original MS.
"These poems were previously printed, of which Sir Walter
Scott was not aware.”—LOWNDES.
Carey, Phoebe, sister of Alice Carey, b. 1825, has
pub., in addition to Poems by Alice and Phoebe Carey,
Poems and Parodies, 1854. See CAREY, ALICE.
Carion, John. The Thre Bokes of Cronicles, which
John Carion (a man singularly well seen in the Mathema-
tycal Sciences) gathered, with great diligence, of the best
authors that have written in Hebrew, Greek, and Latine,
&c.
With this was printed (written by John Funche, a
Lutheran divine of Nuremburg) An Appendix to the Thre
Bokes of Cronicles; gathered by John Carion; conteyn-
In 1818 appeared his Vindicia Hibernico: an examina-
tion and refutation of the charges against his countrymen,
in relation to the alleged butcheries of Protestants in the
insurrection of 1640: this work passed through several
editions. In 1820 he gave to the world The New Olive
Branch, and in 1822 Essays on Political Economy, both
advocating the policy of protection to domestic manufac-
tures. It is worthy of remark that it is in this particular
department-the science of Political Economy-that one
of Mr. Carey's sons (see article HENRY C. CAREY) has being all such notable thynges as be mentyoned in the Cro-
from the yeare of Christ, 1532, to thys present yeare of
nicles, to have chaunced in sundry partes of the worlde,
1550. Both pub. in one 4to vol., in 1550, by W. Lynue.
See Watt's Bibl. Brit., and Lowndes's Bibl. Manual.
Carkeet, Samuel. Gospel Worthies: Serm., 1719, 8vo.
Carkesse, Chas. Tonnage and Poundage, 1782, fol.
Carkesse, James. Lucida Intervalla, Lou.. 1679, 4to.
Carlell, Lodowicke. Deserving Favourite; T. C.,
1629, 4to. Passionate Lovers; T. C., 1665, 4to. Other
plays.
come so conspicuous a labourer. Mathew Carey also pub.
a volume of Miscellaneous Essays. As the most eminent
publisher in the United States, he contributed largely to
the dissemination of sound intelligence amidst a popula-
tion too much occupied with the material cares of life to
be properly attentive to intellectual culture. Our limited
space prevents more than a passing notice of Mr. Carey's
zealous efforts on behalf of the helpless and afflicted-of
his persevering labours in the promotion of public improve-
ments and private happiness. We could say nothing so
much to the purpose as is contained in the following ex-
tract from a letter to the late Joseph Reed, Esq., of Phi-
ladelphia, (son of President Reed,) from the late John
Sergeant, Esq., long one of the most eminent statesmen of
the United States:
"A vein of tender and graceful religious sentiment pervades
her more serious compositions. aud her Parodies comprise some of
the cleverest humorous verse produced in this country."-R. W.
Carey, Walter. See CArye.
Carey, William. Stranger's Guide through Lon-
don, 1808, 18mo.
GRISWOLD.
Carey, or Cary, Robert, first Earl of Monmouth,
b. 1559 or 1560, d. 1639, a near relation of Queen Eliza-
beth, and father of Henry Carey, second Earl of Monmouth,
left MS. memoirs of his own life, which were lent by Lady
Elizabeth Spelman to JOHN, EARL OF CORK AND ORRERY,
Jonx,
(q. v.) who transcribed them with his own hand, and pub.
them in 1759, Svo. They contain some curious particulars
of the secret history of the Elizabethan period. Horace Wal-
pole, who recommended their publication, is complimented
by the Earl of Cork as exhibiting (in his Royal and Noble
Authors)
"So spirited a manner of writing, that he has given wit even to
a Dictionary, and vivacity to a catalogue of names."
Carey, William, D.D. Sermon, 1809, 4to.
Carey, William, D.D., 1761-1834, missionary to
Bengal, and Professor of Oriental Languages in the Col
lege of Fort William. He pub. a number of philologica
works in Bengalee, Bhotanta, &c., and assisted in the pre-
paration of many more issued from the Serampore press.
He was the principal founder of the Serampore mission.
1. Sanscrit Grammar, 4to, pp. 1000. 2. Bengalee-and-
English Dictionary, 1815-25, 3 vols. 4to. 3. Abridgment
of do. by Dr. Marshman, under the supervision of Dr.
Carey, 1827, 8vo. See Memoir by Rev. Eustace Carey,
Lon., 1836; Remarks on the Character and Labours of
Dr. Carey, by H. H. Wilson; Life by Dr. Jos. Belcher,
Phila., 1856, 12mo.
Carey, William Paulett, 1768-1839, a native of
Ireland, brother of John and Mathew Carey, (unte,) took
part in the struggle of 1798, and, subsequently removing
to England, distinguished himself as an eloquent advocate
of art, artists, and political reform, and as the author of
many critical and poetical contributions to the periodicals
of the day. Among those on whose behalf his pen was
early enlisted may be mentioned Chantrey, Hogan, Gib-
son, and James Montgomery.
{
Carie, Walter. See CARYE.
Carier, Benj., D.D. A Missive to K. James, Paris,
1649, 8vo; his "motives for conversion to the Catholic
Religion." &c.
Carleton. Darkness of Atheism dispelled by the Light
of Nature, 1652, 4to. Written by WALTER CHARLETON,
M.D., q. v.
Carleton, Captain. Hyde Marston, or a Sports-
man's Life, Lon., 1844, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
“A large proportion of the scenes are actual transcripts from
the reality, and it is equally certain that many of the characters
are drawn from originals.”—Lon. New Monthly Mag.
Recreations in Shooting, with some Account of the
Game of the British Islands, 1846, p. 8vo.
Carleton, Sir Dudley, Lord Dorchester, 1573-
1631, an eminent statesman, was educated at Westmin-
ster, and at Christ Church, Oxford. Letters from and to
him during his Embassy in Holland, edited and pub. by
the Earl of Hardwicke, Lon., 1757, 4to; with additions to
the Hist. Preface, 1775, 4to; 1780. His lordship was the
will be found in Rushworth's Collection.
author of some political tracts, and some of his speeches
"King Charles used to say that he had two Secretaries of State,
the Lords Dorchester and Falkland; one of whom was a dull man
in comparison with the other, and yet pleased him the best: for
he always brought him his own thoughts in his own words: the
latter [Falkland] cloathed them in so fine a dress. that he did not
always know them again."—Sir P. Warwick's Memoirs.
Carleton, George, D.D., d. 1628, born at Norham,
Northumberland, sent by Bernard Gilpin to Edmund Hall,
Oxford, 1576; Bishop of Llandaff, 1618; translated to
Chichester, 1619. Heroici Characteres carmine, Oxon.,
1603, 4to. Tithes, Lon., 1606, 4to. On Jurisdiction, Re-
gal, Episcopal, and Papal, Lon., 1610, 4to. Concensus
Remembrance of God's Mercy in the Deliverances of his
Ecclesiæ Catholicæ, &c., Francf., 1613, Svo. A Thankful
Remembrance of God's Mercy in the Deliverances of his
Church temp. Eliz. and James I., Lou., 1614, 4to. Trea-
tises against Judicial Astrology, Lon., 1624.
Sermons, 1736, Svo.
Sermons, 1736, Svo. Other works.
Thirteen
..
Whom I have loved in regard of his singular knowledge in
divinity, which he professeth; and in other more delightful litera-
ture, and am loved again of him.”—CAMDEN.
"His good affections appear in his treatise. entituled A Thank·
ful remembrance of God's mercy; solid judgment, in his Confu
Itation of Judicial Astrology; and clear invention, in other juve
311
CAR
CAR
nile exercises. Indeed, when young, he was grave in his manners;
so when old he was youthful in his parts, even unto his death.".
Fuller's Worthies.
Carleton, Captain George. Memoirs of an Eng-
lish Officer, Lon., 1728, 8vo. His Memoirs, Edin., 1808,
Svo; pub. in 1743. Carleton's Memoirs have been attri-
buted to Daniel De Foe and also to Dean Swift.
C
LORD ELIOT: The best account of Lord Peterborough that I
have happened to meet with is in Captain Carleton's Memoirs.'
Johnson said he had never heard of the book. Lord Eliot sent it
to bim. Johnson was about going to bed when it came, but sat
up till he had read it through; and remarked to Sir Joshua Rey-
nclds, 'I did not think a young lord could have mentioned to me
a book in the English history that was not known to me.””—Bos-
well's Johnson.
Carleton, Lancelot. Letter to Rev. J. Stade, Read.,
.1727.
Carleton, Thomas Compton. Philosophia Uni-
versa, Antw., 1649. Theologia Scholastica, Leod., 1659-
Mr. Carleton has caught most accurately the lights and shades
of Irish life. His tales are full of vigorous, picturesque description
and genuine pathos. They may be referred to as furnishing a very
correct portrait of the Irish peasantry."-Lon. Quar. Rev., Oct. 1841.
Carliell, Robert. Britain's Glorie, Lon., 1619, Svo.
To all vertvovs Nobilitie, Reuerend Clergie, and well-affected
Gentrie."
Bibl. Anglo-Poct., 147, £2 28. It is in verse and prose.
Carlile, James, D.D. A Manual of the Anatomy
and Physiology of the Human Mind. The Use and Abuse
of Creeds and Confessions of Faith, Dubl., 1836, Svo.
Other works.
..
Carlisle, Sir Anthony, 1768-1840, a distinguished
surgeon and physiologist. Disorders of Old Age, 1817,
4to; 2d ed., 1818, 8vo. Alleged Discovery of the Use of
the Spleen and Thyroid Gland, 1829. For a list of his
valuable med. and bot. contrib., see Eng. Cyc., Div. Biog.,
vol. ii.
Carlisle, George, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1766.
the present Earl of Carlisle, b. 1802, is well known as a
Carlisle, George William Frederick Howard,
man of letters. His lordship a few years ago travelled in
America, and on his return communicated the results of his
observations in 1850, in a lecture delivered before the Me-
chanics' Institute at Leeds. Some of his comments have
64, 2 vols. fol.
Carleton, William, M.D. The Immortality of the found their way into the journals. His lordship also de-
Human Soul demonstrated by the Light of Nature, 1699,4to.livered before the same excellent institution a lecture upon
the Life and Writings of Pope. In 1854 he published A
Diary in Turkish and Greek Waters, p. 8vo; Amer. ed.,
edited, with Notes, by Prof. C. C. Felton, Bost., 1855, 12mo.
"An unpretending volume, which bears on every page evidence
of the wise and tolerant spirit, the various scholarship, and the
Far-sensibility to the beautiful so characteristic of its noble author.
The account of Malta is not the least attractive portion of this
Carleton, William, b. at Clogher, Tyrone, Ireland,
in 1798, was for some time tutor in a village school. He
resolved to try his fortune in Dublin, and in 1830 pub.
(anon.) Traits and Stories of the Irish Peasantry, 2 vols.
8vo. Their great merit insured their immediate success.
A second series was pub. in 1832. In 1839 appeared
dorougha, the Miser, or the Convicts of Lisnamona. In
1841 he pub. The Fawn of Spring Vale, The Clarionet,
and other Tales, 3 vols. p. Svo. Mr. C. has also pub. Va-
lentine McClutchy, 1845, 3 vols. p. Svo. Willey Reilly,
1855, 3 vols. p. 8vo, and other works. Perhaps no Irish
author was ever more successful with the acknowledged
readers of criticism than Mr. Carleton has been.
He now
enjoys a pension of £200, and is residing near Dublin.
SHEPHERD. What sort o' vols. are the Traits and Stories of
Irish Peasantry, published by Curry & Co., in Dublin?
NORTH. Admirable, truly! intensely Irish. Never were that
wild, imaginative people better described; and, amongst all the
run, frolic, and folly, there is no want of poetry, pathos, and
passion."-Blackw. Mag.
charming work, to which Felton's notes have given additional
value." WM. II. PRESCOTT: Philip the Second, 1856, i. 392, n., 501, n.
See also a review of the Diary in Turkish and Greek
Waters, in N. Amer. Rev., 1xxxi. 91–112, July, 1855.
a Paraphrase in Verse,
6
<
Carlisle, Charles Howard, 3d Earl of, d. 1738,
is worthy of mention among the Noble Authors for his
excellent poetical address inscribed "To MY SON, LORD
MORPETH." Horace Walpole remarks, (referring to the 5th
Earl, vide post :)
cease.
The present Earl of Carlisle is his grandson, and may boast a
more copious and correct vein of poetry, but cannot surpass in
moral observation or physical truth, the force of the precepts,
directed to the author's eldest son a short time before his own de-
A character is said to have been given of him [the father]
in the Political State of Europe; but I have sought without suc
cess for the publication so entitled."—Royal and Noble Authors.
Carlisle, or Carlile, Christopher. Theolog. Dis-
course, 1582.
Carlisle, Rev. D. Roman Antiquities; v. Archæol.,
1794.
Carlisle, Frederick Howard, 5th Earl of,
1825, Viceroy of Ireland, a distinguished statesman, is
entitled to a very respectable rank as an author. Poems,
1773, 4to. The Father's Revenge; a Tragedy, and other
Poems. Letter to Earl Fitzwilliam, Dubl. and Lon., 1794,
8vo. Unite or Fall, Lon., 1798, 12mo. The Step-Mother;
a Tragedy, 1800, 8vo. Tragedies and Poems, 1801, Svo.
Verses on the Death of Lord Nelson, 1806. Thoughts on
the Stage, anon., 1808, 8vo.
the English Bards and Scotch Reviewers we find the no.
ble earl thus unceremoniously impaled with a crowd of
unhappy authors.
A criticism (highly laudatory) by Dr. Johnson upon the
Father's Revenge will be found in a letter to Mrs. Chapoue.
See Boswell's Johnson.
"Let Stott, Carlisle, Matilda, and the rest
Of Grub-street and the Grosvenor-Place the best,
Scrawl on, till death release us from the strain,
Or common sense assert her rights again."
In the Hours of Idleness, pub. 1808, Lord Byron refers
to his relative's works as having long received the meed
of public applause to which, by their intrinsic worth, they
were entitled; but in revenge for an imagined slight, in
To this disrespectful mention is appended a more disre-
spectful note, of which as the critic repented and apologizes
in Childe Harold-
|
And partly that I did thy sire some wrong"-
we shall take no further notice.
C
The Second Vision of Daniel
1858. See Lon. Athen., 1858, 110.
Carlisle, Isabella Byron, Countess of, 1721-
1795, daughter of William, 5th Lord Byron, married in
1743, Henry, 4th Earl of Carlisle, by whom she had Frede-
rick Howard, 5th Earl of Carlisle. A volume on the Edu-
cation of Youth, and a poem in Pearch's Collection entitled
The Fairy's Answer to Mrs. Greville's Prayer for Indiffer-
ence, have been ascribed to her ladyship.
Carlisle, James. The Fortune Hunters; a Comedy,
Lon., 1689, 4to.
Carlisle, James, Jr. Letters on the Divine Origin
and Authenticity of the Holy Scriptures, Lon., 1833, 2
vols. 12mo.
"Indicative of sound judgment, correct taste, and respectable
acquirement."-LOWNDES.
Carlisle, Nicholas. Topographical Dictionary of
England, 1808, 2 vols. 4to; of Wales, 1811, 4to; of Scot-
land and the Islands in the British Seas, 1813, 2 vols. 4to;
of Ireland, 1810, 4to.
"If ever there was a book indispensable for reference to a vast
variety of persons. it is this, which bears at the same time every
mark of the utmost accuracy."-British Critic.
"For many elegant poems, also, we are highly indebted to Pro-
fessor Carlyle. As beautiful and exquisitely finished pieces, they
are entitled to warm commendation."-Drake's Literary Hours.
This eminent Orientalist pub. some other works.
Carlyle, Robert. Do Vaux; a Poem, 1818, 8vo.
Carlyle, Thomas, the "Censor of the age," was born
in 1795 at Ecclefechan, in Dumfriesshire. His father, an
agriculturist, was noted for quickness of mental percep-
tions, and great energy and decision of character. After
preliminary instruction at a school at Annan, Thomas was
sent in 1810 to the University of Edinburgh, where he re-
1748-mained for seven or eight years, distinguishing himself by
devotion to mathematical studies then taught there by
Leslie. He seems at this period to have designed entering
the ministry, but the idea was abandoned. For about two
years he taught mathematics at a school in Fife; on relin-
quishing this post, he devoted himself in 1823 to literature
as a profession. In 1824 he contributed to Brewster's Edin-
burgh Encyclopædia the articles "Montesquieu," "Mon-
taigne," "Nelson," "Norfolk," and those on the two "Pitts;"
to the Now Edinburgh Review, an Essay on Joanna Bail-
lie's Plays of the Passions. In the same year he completed
a translation of Legondre's Geometry, to which he pre-
fixed an Essay on Proportion, and also pub. his trans. of
Goethe's Wilhelm Meister, "a work which betrayed a di-
rection of reading destined to influence materially his fu-
ture career." After completing his trans., he commenced
Carlos, James. Serm., 1773, 4to.
Carlton, Osgood, of Massachusetts, d. 1816, pub. a
number of Maps and works on Navigation, 1801-10.
Carlyle, Alex.,D.D.,Edin.,1721-1805. Serm., 1779-94.
Carlyle, Joseph Dacre, 1759-1804, Prof. of Arabic,
Cambridge. Specimens of Arabic Poetry, Camb., 1796,
4to; 1810, r. 8vo. Poems, 1805, 4to.
342
CAR
CAR
his Life of Schiller, which was pub. in numbers in the
London Magazine.-Men of the Time, Lon., 1853.
The life of Schiller was highly commended:
"Schiller was one of the great men of his age, and Carlyle has
given evidence in this book of a critical insight into his character,
both as a man and a writer. IIis analysis of the works of Schiller,
and his critical observations, are deeply interesting and instructive.
The book will be read with pleasure and profit."-Lom. Examiner.
About 1826 Mr. Carlyle married, and resided alternately
at Comely Bank and Craigenputtoch, in an estate in Dum-
friesshire. The reader will find an interesting account of
his manner of life in the letters to Goethe, in the corre-
spondence of the great German bard.
"Two ponies which carry us everywhere, and the mountain air,
are the best medicines for weak nerves. This daily exercise, to
which I am much devoted, is my only dissipation; for this nook
of ours [Craigenputtoch] is the loneliest in Britain-six miles re-
moved from every one who in any case might visit me. Here
Rousseau would have been as happy as on his island of St. Pierre."
In his rural quietude Mr. Carlyle was a contributor to
the Foreign Review and other periodicals, and composed
his Sartor Resartus, which was pub. in Fraser's Magazine
on Mr. Carlyle's return to London, which occurred in 1830.
It appeared in book form in 1834, "reprinted for friends,"
and in 1836; again in 1841.
"The work is a sort of philosophical romance, in which the author
undertakes to give, in the form of a review of a German treatise
on dress, and a notice of the life of the writer, his own opinions
upon Matters and Things in General. The hero, Professor Teufels-
droeckh, seems to be intended for a portrait of human nature as
affected by the moral influence to which, in the present state of
society, a cultivated mind is naturally exposed.... The volume
contains, under a quaint and singular form, a great deal of deep
thought, sound principle, and fine writing.... The only thing
about the work, tending to prove that it is what it purports to be,
a commentary on a real German treatise, is the style, which is a
sort of Babylonish dialect, not destitute, it is true, of richness,
vigour, and at times a sort of felicity of expression. but very strongly
tinged throughout with the peculiar idiom of the German language.
This quality in the style, however, may be a mere result of a great
familiarity with German literature, and we cannot, therefore, look
upon it as in itself decisive, still less as outweighing so much evi-
dence of an opposite character. It is. we believe, no secret in
England or here, that it is the work of a person to whom the public
is indebted for a number of articles in the late British Reviews,
which have attracted great attention by the singularity of their
style, and the richness and depth of their matter. Among those
may be mentioned particularly those on Characteristics and the
Life of Burns in the Edinburgh Review, and on Goethe in the Fo-
reign Quarterly. . . . We take pleasure in introducing to the Ame
rican public a writer, whose name is yet in a great measure un-
known among us, but who is destined, we think, to occupy a large
space in the literary world. We have heard it insinuated that Mr.
Carlyle has it in contemplation to visit this country, and we can
venture to assure him. that, should he carry this intention into
effect, he will meet with a cordial welcome.”—ALEXANDER H. EVE-
RETT: N. Amer, Review, xli. 454, 1835.
·· •
In 1837 he pub. The French Revolution, 3 vols. c. Svo:
vol. i., The Bastile: vol. ii., The Constitution: vol. iii.. The
Guillotine. This work
This work produced a profound impression
upon the public mind.
"No work of greater genius, either historical or poetical, has
been produced in this country for many years. A more pains-
taking or accurate investigator of facts and testimonies never
wielded the historical pen."-Westminster Review,
"Let a man who would exhibit the frightful drama of the French
Revolution for the benefit of his reader, place the reader before its
scenes, and leave him to himself—as most men, in going through an
interesting building, long to be left alone and not be troubled with
the impertinence of a guide. The scenes themselves are already
there not painted or described as by a spectator, but existing un-
Intentionally in the records of the times. Few things, perhaps,
would do more to arrest our present headlong course of license.
No highly-wrought language would be required. or any language
but that employed by the actors themselves. The most graphic
portions of Mr. Carlyle's work are those in which he has most
closely transcribed from these sources; and in other parts we think
he has failed to convey not only a correct philosophical view of the
history, but even clear, vivid pictures of fact."-Lon. Quarterly
Review, lxvi. 457.
"After perusing the whole of this extraordinary work, we can
allow, almost to their fullest extent, the high qualities with which
Mr. Carlyle's idolaters endow him."-Lon. Times.
"This is one of the few books of our time that are likely to live
for some generations beyond it. Some years will pass before these
volumes begin to be generally relished; but relished they will be,
and that thoroughly, sooner or later."-Lon. Examiner.
"There is no account of the French Revolution that can be in
the slightest degree compared with this for intensity of feeling
and profoundness of thought."-Lon. Monthly Repository.
"It would be an interesting book if well translated into Eng-
lish."
In 1839 appeared Chartism; 2d edit., 1840, p. Svo.
See a Review of this work in the British and Foreign Re-
view, xi. 1; also articles on Chartism in vol. xii. 303, and
in Blackwood's Mag., xlvi. 289. His Six Lectures on He- |
roes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History, delivered
in London in 1840, wero pub. in 1841. and 4th edit. in
1852, 12mo. In 1843 Mr. C. pub. his Past and Present,
p. Svo.
"Pist and Fresent has not, and could not have, the same wild
power which Sartor Resartus possessed, in our opinion, over the
feelings of the reader; but it contains passages which look the
same way, and breathe the same spirit."-Blackwood's Mog., liv. 138.
Mr. C.'s Critical and Miscellaneous Essays have been
collected, and the 3d edit. was pub. in London in 1847, 4
vols. p. Svo. They have also been pub. in America. See
a review in Brit. Quart. Rev., ii. 297. In the same year
appeared the 2d edit. of the Letters and Speeches of Oliver
Cromwell. Mr. Carlyle's Latter Day Pamphlets, Nos. 1,
2, 3, and 4, were pub. in 1850, p. 8vo: the life of his friend,
John Sterling, pub. in 1851. The 3d ed. of The French
Revolution was pub. in 1856–57, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 3d ed. of
Cromwell's Letters and Speeches, 1857, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 4th
ed. of Essays, 1857, 4 vols. p. 8vo; Lives of Schiller and
Sterling, 1857, p. 8vo, (vol. vi. of collective ed. of Car-
lyle's works.) The Life of Frederick the Great, Lon. and
New York, 1858, 2 vols. 8vo. A critic remarks, "The
work is thoroughly Carlylish, and worthy of the author.
It has long been announced that it was to be the work of
his life."
"Few writers of the present time have risen more rapidly into
popularity than Mr. Carlyle, after labouring through so long a pe
riod of comparative neglect. Whatever judgment critics may be
pleased to pass on him, it is certain that his works have attracted
of late no common share of attention."—Edinburgh Review.
We have quoted some highly commendatory notices of
Mr. Carlyle as an author; but by many critics the pecu-
liarities of his style have been severely censured, and the
value of his speculations greatly doubted.
"Mr. Carlyle has disdained the easy-beaten track, and struck
out a new taste in writing, combining, we had almost said, all pos-
sible faults, and yet not unlikely to become popular. It is la-
mentable to see that Mr. Carlyle's early writings, in which there
is far the most truth and genuine good sense, are the most free
from his faults. They appear to have gathered on him as he ad-
vances. Is it that he is permitting bimself to dress up his style
like a mountebank to attract popular wonderment, which we have
too good an opinion of him to believe? Or is it that his mind it-
self, as we fear, is becoming embarrassed and perplexed with the
speculations into which he is falling, and in which he evidently
is struggling about like a man sinking in the water, and just be
ginning to suspect that he is out of his depth? Some of his early
writings are very pleasing in their language, as in their sentiments.
(See, for example, his paper on Boswell, Miscellanies, vol. iii. 114;
but his Life of Schiller appears to us in point of style by far the
best of them all. Note.) In his last works, the Sartor Resartus,
and Chartism, he runs wild in distortions and extravagancies.”—
Lem. Quarterly Review. lxvi. 1840.
"Mr. Carlyle-an astute and trenchant critic might, with show
of justice, remark-assumes to be the reformer and castigator of
his age-a reformer in philosophy, in politics, and religion-de-
nouncing its mechanical method of thinking, deploring its utter
want of faith, and threatening political society, obstinately deaf
to the voice of wisdom, with the retributive horrors of repeated
revolutions: and yet neither in philosophy, in religion, nor in
politics, has Mr. Carlyle any distinct dogma, creed, or constitution
setting aside his style for the present, let us see whether he has
to
He is any thing but a man of practical ability.
ever, in the course of his life, thrown out a single hint which
could be useful to his own generation, or profitable to those who
may come after. If he could originate any such hint, he does not
possess the power of embodying it in distinct language. He has
written a History of the French Revolution, a pamphlet on Chart-
ism, a work on Heroes and Hero-worship, and a sort of political
treatise entitled Past and Present. Can any living man point to a
single practical passage in any of these volumes? If not, what is
the real value of Mr. Carlyle's writings? What is Mr. Carlylə
himself but a Phantasm of the species he is pleased to denounce."
-Blackwood's Mag., liv. 1843; lxvii. 1850.
See Passages Selected from the Writings of Thomas
Carlyle, by Thomas Ballantyne, 1855, p. Svo.
Carlyle, Thomas, of the Scottish Bar. The Moral
Phenomena of Germany; 2d edit., enlarged, Lon., 18mo.
Carmarthen, Marquis of. Journal of his Brest
Expedition, 1694, 4to.
Carmey. Coins of the Kings of Syria, Lon., 1761, fol.
Carmichael, A. N. Greek Verbs, Lon., 1841, p. Svo.
Carmichael, Alex. Mortification of Sin, &c., 1677.
Carmichael, Andrew. Con. to Trans. Irish Acad,
1811: on Habit, and the Invention of Writing. Disquisitions
on the History and Metaphysics of Scripture, 2 vols. 8vo.
"A very remarkable production."-Phrenological Journal.
Carmichael, Frederick, 1708-1751, Prof. of Di-
vinity in Marischal College. Serms., Lon., 1757, 8vo.
Carmichael, James. Grammatica Latina de Ety-
mologia, Camb., 1587, 4to.
Carmichael, James.
Med., 1776-99.
Carmichael, James. Peerage of Scotland, Edin.,
1791, 4to.
Con. to Med. Com. and Ann.
Carmichael, Richard. Med. treatises, 1806-18.
Carnarvon, Lord. Don Pedro; a Tragedy, Lon.,
8vo. Moor; a Poem, Svo. Notes on Portugal, Gallicia,
&c., p. Svo.
343
CAR
CAR
*
"Not only a graphic description of the country, but it relates a
series of personal adventures and perils very unusual in modern
Europe."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
serinons called Achitophol. As for his Optics, it had been a master
piece in that kind, if truly and perfectly printed.”—Fuller's Worthies,
"A work of superior ability, interest, and value."-U. Serv. Jour.lege, Oxford, 1592; Fellow, 1596; pub. serms., 1612, '16,
Carpenter, Richard, d. 1627, battler in Exeter Col-
Carne, John. Letters in the East, 2 vols.; and Re-20, 23. One of his discourses was pub. in 1657, fol.
collections of Travels in Syria and Palestine, Lon., 1830, Langbaine erroneously suggests the identity of the author
3 vols. p. Svo.
with the following.
"Peculiarly valuable by the graphic descriptions, written on
the spot, of the present actual state of the places which have been
the theatres of the great events recorded in the Bible.”—Lon. New
Monthly Mag., 1826.
Syria, the Holy Land, Asia Minor, &c.; illustrated by
Bartlett and others; descriptions by J. C., Lon., 1838, 2
vols. 4to.
"The descriptions are well drawn up by Mr. Carne, whose resi-
dence in the East some years since fitted him for such an under-
taking."-T. H. HORNE.
Lives of Eminent Missionaries, 3 vols. 12mo. Other
works.
Carne, Robert H. Two Covenants, Lon., 1828, Svo.
Carnett, P. P. Wine-Making, 1814, Svo.
Carolan, Patrick. Schools in Ireland, 1806, etc.
Caroll, William. Answer to Collins's Essay con-
cerning the use of Reason, &c., Lon., 1707, Svo.
Caron, R. P. Remonstratia Hibernorum, 1665, fol.
Carpenter, Agricola. Psevchographica Anthropo-
magica; or a Magical Description of the Soul, Lon., 1652,
12mo.
Carpenter, Benjamin. Theolog. and other works,
1789-1814.
Carpenter, Daniel. The Poor Laws, 1807, Svo.
Carpenter, Elias. Nocturnal Alarm, Lon., 1803, Svo.
Carpenter, George, Lord. Con. to Phil. Trans.,
1738; account of a bullet lodged near the gullet.
Carpenter, Henry. The Deputy Divinity, Lon.,
1657, 12mo.
Carpenter, J. Merchants' Accounts, Lon., 1632, fol.
Carpenter, J. Treatise on Practical and Experi-
mental Agriculture, 1803, 2 vols. 8vo.
Carpenter, Jacobus. Platonis cum Aristotele in
Universa Philosophia Comparatio, Paris, 1573, 4to.
Carpenter, John, of Ricklin, Essex. Epicedium in
obitum decide ratissimi principis Guililmi Glocestræ
Ducis, fol.
Carpenter, John. Sorrowfull Song for Sinfull
Soules, Lon., 1586, Svo. Theolog. treatises, 1588-1612.
"Going through the courses of logic and philosophy for the
space of four years or more, with unwearied industry."-Athen.
Oxon.
Carpenter, Joseph Edward. Lays and Legends
of Fairy Land, &c., Lon., 8vo. Other works.
"In the rank of lyric poets Mr. Carpenter deservedly holds a
high position."
Carpenter, Lant, LL.D., 1780-1840, b. at Kidder-
minster, father of Dr. W. B. Carpenter, the distinguished
physiologist, (q.v.;) settled as Unitarian minister at Exeter
in 1805; removed to Bristol in 1817. His publications,
including those which were posthumous, amount to 44, of
which we notice a few. 1. Introduction to the Geography
of the New Testament, 1805, 12mo. 2. Unitarianism the
Doctrine of the Gospel, 1809, 12mo. 3. Examination of
the Charges made against Unitarianism, &c. by Dr. Magee
in his Discourses on Atonement, &c., 1820, Svo. 4. Prin-
ciples of Education, Intellectual, Moral, and Physical,
1820, 8vo.
"I know of no work more excollent or complete on the subject
of education, in all its parts, than this. It is a monument to the
sound, practical good sense, the enlarged views, the erudition, and
the piety of the author."-C. D. CLEVELAND: Eng. Lit. 19th Cent.
5. Harmony; or, Synoptical Arrangement of the Gospels,
1835, Svo. 6. Dissertations on the Duration of our Saviour's
Ministry, &c., 1836, 8vo; a reprint from Harmony, &c.
"The third dissertation is particularly valuable and instructive."
T. II. HORNE.
Glad
7. Sermons on Practical Subjects, 1840, 8vo; edited by
bis Son, Dr. W. B. Carpenter. See Life of Dr. C. by his
Son, Rev. Russell Lant Carpenter.
Dr. C. pub. some other works.
Carpenter, Nathaniel, a native of Devonshire, b.
1588, d. according to Wood, 1628, according to Fuller, 1635,
was educated at Edmund Hall, Oxford. Serm. 1612, Svo.
Serm. 1612, Svo.
Philosophia Libera, &c., Francf., 1621, 8vo; with addits.,
1622, 8vo; Oxf., 1636, 275, Svo. Memorable as one of the
first attacks upon the Aristotelian Philosophy. See Bruck-
er's Hist. of Philos. Geographic Delineated, Oxf., 1625,
4to; with addits., 1625, 4to. See a high encomium on De-
vonshire at p. 200. Achitophel; Serm., 1629, 4to. Serm.,
Oxf., 1640.
He was right-handed in the Cyclopedia of all arts; logic, wit-
ness his Decades [Philosophia. &c.;] mathematics, expressed in the
book of his Geography; and divinity, appearing in his excellent
Carpenter, Richard, D.D., a divine and poet, about
the middle of the 17th century, joined the Church of Rome,
returned to the Church of England, and died a Roman
Catholic.
Catholic. Experience, History, and Divinity, Lon., 1642,
Svo. Repub. in 1648 as The Downfall of Antichrist. Astro-
logy Proved Harmless, Pious, Useful; a Serm., 1663, 4to.
Rome in her Fruits, 1663, 4to. The Pragmatical Jesuit
new Leavened, 4to. Other publications.
"Those that knew him have often told me that he was an in-
pudent, fantastical man, that changed his mind with his cloaths,
and that for his juggles and tricks in matters of religiɔn he was
esteemed a theological mountebank."-Athen. Oxon.
Carpenter, Samuel. Election for Saltash, 1808.
Carpenter, Stephen Cullen, d. about 1820, a na-
tive of Great Britain, and settled in the U. States in 1803,
where he soon united with J. Bristed as co-editor of the
U.S. Magazine, pub. at Charleston, S.C. He originated
the Monthly Register, pub. at Charleston, 1805. He had
been previously engaged as reporter of the Parliamentary
proceedings during the trial of Hastings, and from his
personal knowledge doubtless was enabled to make the
great speeches of Sheridan on the Belgium affairs as found
in the Select Speeches of Dr. Chapman. He was the
author of the Overland Journey to India, pub. under the
assumed name of Donald Campbell; 2d ed., 1809-10. Life
of Thomas Jefferson, Phila. and N. York, 1809, 2 vols. 8vo.
Select American Specches; being a sequel to Dr. Chap-
man's Select Speeches, Phila., 1815, 2 vols. Svo. See
DONALD, Campbell.
Carpenter, Thomas. Essay on the Vices and Follies
of Mankind, &c., 1795.
Educational works, 1798-
Carpenter, Thomas.
1813 Orthography, &c.
Carpenter, Thomas. Devotional Reflections on the
Psalms of David, Lon., 1837; 2d ed., 1841, 18mo.
Carpenter, William, D.D. Fast Serm., Lon., 1776,4to.
Carpenter, William. Calendarium Palestine, 1825,
8vo. This is a very useful work. Scripture Difficulties
Examined with a View to their Solution, 1825, Svo. The
author elucidates 700 passages in the Old and New Testa-
ments. Popular Lectures on Biblical Criticism and Inter-
pretation, Lon., 1826, Svo. Scripture Natural History,
1828, Svo. Dr. Harris's Natural History (Boston, Mass.,
1820) is generally preferred; but some consider Carpenter's
work "more readable."
<<
is as much distinguished by personal vanity as it is at variance
Without that pretence to originality which in the present day
with truth. Mr. Carpenter has, we think, presented to the public
an interesting and useful work."-Lon. Chris. Rememb.
A Guide to the Practical Reading of the Bible, Lon.,
1830, 18mo.
G
"This is a useful and interesting compilation, and gives in a very
small compass a great deal of information."-Ch. of Ireland Mug.
Biblical Companion, Lon., 1836, Svo.
"To the use of less advanced students it is especially adapted."
DR. E. WILLIAMS.
Carpenter, William Benjamin, M.D., F.R.S., son
of Dr. Lant Carpenter; a distinguished physiologist and
eminent writer on physiology; Prof. Med. Jur. in Univ.
Coll., London; Lecturer on General Anatomy and Physio-
miner in Physiology and Comparative Anat. in the Univ.
logy at the London Hospital School of Med., and Exa-
of London; studied medicine in University College, 1833;
passed his examination in the Royal College of Surgeons'
and Apothecaries' Soc., 1835; subsequently pursued his
studies in the Univ. of Edinburgh, where his capacity for
original thought and dealing with the most profound phy-
siological discussions became apparent. 1. On the Volun-
tary and Instinctive Actions of Living Beings, Edin.
Med. and Surg. Jour., No. 132.
Med. and Surg. Jour., No. 132. 2. The Unity of Func-
tion in Organized Beings, Edin. New Phil. Jour. 3. The
Differences of the Laws regulating Vital and Physical
Phenomena; ibid. 4. Dissertation on the Physiological
Inferences to be deduced from the Structure of the
Nervous System in the Invertebrate Class of Animals,
Edin., 1838.
Edin., 1838. After publishing the above, he graduated at
Edinburgh in 1839.
Edinburgh in 1839. 5. Principles of General and Com-
parative Physiology, Lon., 1839, 8vo; 2d ed., 1841, 8vo;
9th ed., rewritten, was pub. in 1854, entitled (6) Prin-
ciples of Comparative Physiology; (7) the Principles of
General Physiology being pub. in a separate vol. New
Amer. ed., Phila., 1854, Svo.
311
CAR
CAR
"Not the profession only, but the scientific world at large, must
feel deeply indebted to Dr. Carpenter for this great work.”—Lʊn.
Medical Times.
"An Encyclopedia of the subject, accurate and complete in all
respects; a truthful reflection of the advanced state at which
science has now arrived."-Dublin Quar. Jour. of Medical Science.
"A truly magnificent work,-in itself a perfect physiological
study.”—Ranking's Abstract.
་
"No treatise on Physiology which has hitherto appeared in our
language exceeds the present, either in the comprehensiveness of
its principles or in the value and abundance of its facts. We
recommend it to all our readers and to men of science of every
description."-British and Foreign Medical Review.
"In Dr. Carpenter's work will be found the best exposition we
possess of all that is furnished by comparative anatomy to our
knowledge of our nervous system, as well as to the more general
principles of life and organization."-Dr. Holland's Medical Notes
and Reflections.
"I recommend to your perusal a work recently published by Dr.
Carpenter. It has this advantage: it is very much up to the pre-
sent state of knowledge of the subject. It is written in a clear
style, and is well illustrated."-Prof. Sharpey's Introduc. Lecture.
See Dr. Carpenter's Principles of General and Comparative
Physiology,—a work which makes me proud to think he was once
my pupil."-Dr. Elliotson's Physiology.
8. Principles of Human Physiology, Lon., 1846, Svo; 4th
od.; 5th American ed., from the 4th English ed., with
additions by Francis Gurney Smith, M.D., Prof. Institutes
of Medicine in the Pennsylvania Medical College.
"We speak advisedly when we say that we know of no work on
Physiology from which the student is likely to derive so much
advantage. The whole of it reflects the highest honour upon the
talents, knowledge, and judgment of the author."-British aru
Foreign Medical Review.
"Dr. Carpenter's work, Human Physiology, is an important one
in support of the spirituality of the mind. Nothing can be more
satisfactory than his arguments and illustrations as to the distinct
existence and manifestations of the thinking principle.”—Blakey's
Hist. of the Philosophy of Mind.
Nos. 6, 7, and 8 are now pub. as three independent vols.,
comprising the whole range of Biological Science.
<<
9. Vegetable Physiology and Botany, 1844, 8vo. 10. A
Manual of Physiology, 1846, fp. Svo. Several editions.
Although designed for the student and framed expressly to
meet his wants, it is a work that may be consulted with advantage
by most physicians and surgeons, however learned."-British and
Foreign Medical Review.
11. Elements of Physiology, including Physiological
Anatomy, Svo. 12. The Popular Cyclopædia of Natural
Science, 1847, 5 vols. 8vo. Commenced in 1843.
"It possesses merits of a very high order. The talents and at-
tainments of its author are evidently such as qualify him to take
his station as an original author, experimenter, and discoverer
among the most excellent sons of science."-Lom. Eclectic Review.
13. Zoology and Instinct in Animals, 1848, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"For clearness of arrangement, perspicuity of style, and read-
able matter, we know of no complete work on zoology which we
could recommend so fully as this by Dr. Carpenter."-Lon. Athen.
14. A Prize Essay on the Use of Alcoholic Liquors in
Health and Disease; 2d ed., 1851, 12mo. New Amer. ed.,
with a Preface by Dr. D. F. Condie, M.D., and Explana-
tions of Scientific Words, 12mo. 15. Mechanical Phi-
losophy, Astronomy, and Horology, 1848, Svo. 16. On
the Microscope: its Revelations and its Uses, 1856, Svo.
"The works of Dr. Carpenter manifest some of the best qualities
both of the thinker and the observer."-Morell's Hist. of Modern
Philos.. q. v.
Carpmeal, W. Reports, Patent Cases, Lon., r. Svo,
4th ed., 1846. The Law of Patents for Inventions.
"Designed for inventors and others unlearned in the law, but
may be consulted with profit by professional readers on points of
practice, and for the scientific illustrations which abound in the
work."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.
See CURTIS, GEORGE T.
Carpue, J. S. The Muscles of the Human Body, as
they appear on Dissection, Lon., 1801, 4to.
"Although they do not contain the profound reasonings of
Butler, nor the elegant discussions of Sherlock; neither the learn-
ing of Tillotson, nor the declamation of Seed, they exhibit the
most useful and important truths of the gospel, not only with
plainness and perspicuity, but in language always elegant, and
geldom incorrect."-SIR WILLIAM FORBES.
6.
They are short, vigorous, important, and useful."-DR. DAVID
His Ruinous Fall of Prodigalitie, Lon,,
Carr, Jo.
1573, 8vo.
Carr, Sir John, 1772-1832, of the Middle Temple.
The Stranger in France, Lon., 1803, 4to. A popular work.
The Stranger in Ireland, 1806, 2 vols. 4to. This was ridi-
euled by Edward Dubois by the publication of his, jeu
d'esprit, My Pocket Book, 1807, 12mo. A Tour through
Holland, 1807, 4to. Caledonian Sketches, 1809, 4to. De-
scriptive Travels, 1811, 4to. Sir John also pub. some
poems, 1803, '09, and a Drama, 1804.
Soor.
..
To his merits as a preacher. great as they were, the lustre of
his private character was still superior: the death of such a man
was a real loss to society."-Dr. Beattie.
Carr, J. H. Prize Essay: The Local Ministry, 1851,
er. Svo.
Carr, John, LL.D., 1732-1807, master of the Gram-
mar School at Hertford. Vol. 3d of Tristram Shandy,
1760. This imitation of Sterne was soon detected. Filial
Piety, 1763, fol. To a Critic, 1764, fol. Eponina, 1765.
The Dialogues of Lucian, trans. from the Greek, 1773-98,
5 vols. 8vo.
"An excellent translation, that preserves much of the wit and
spirit of the original."-DR. ADAM CLARKE.
Carr, Lascelles Robert. Serms., 1800, '01, '04, 4to.
Carr, Nicholas. Professor of Greek, University of
Cambridge. Epistola ad J. Checum, Lon., 1551, 4to. De
obitu, &c. M. Buciri, 1551, 4to. Demosthenis Græcorum
Oratorium, &c., 1571, 4to. Epistola Berth. Dodingtoni,
&c., 1571, 4to.
&c., 1571, 4to. De Scriptorum Britannicorum Paucitate,
&c., 1576, 12mo. Hearne commends Carr as an elegant
and judicious Latinist.
Carr, Ralph. Mahumetane Historye, Lon., 1600, 4to.
Carr, Richard, M.D. Epistolæ Medicinales, Lon
1691, 8vo; published in English by Quincy as Medicinal
Epistles, 1714, Svo.
Carr, Rich. Algebraist's Companion, Lon., 1751, 8vo
Carr, Robert. Eugenia; a Tragedy, 1766, 8vo.
Carr, Samuel, D.D., Prebendary of St. Paul's. Ser-
mons on practical subjects, Lon., 1795, 3 vols. 8vo; seve-
ral edits., 1817, 3 vols. 8vo.
“A valuable accession to this extensive theological class. The
style is embellished with those temperate ornaments which increase
its beauty without destroying its simplicity."-British Critic.
Carr, T. S., master in King's College School, has pub.
a number of useful classical guides; Greek and Latin;
Mythology: Antiquities.
Carr, William. Travellers' Guide in the German
States, &c., 1600, 'SS.
Carr, William. Glossary of the Craven Dialect,
Lon., 1828, 2 vols. 8vo.
novelists. They have now the means of studying the present
"We would particularly recommend it to our dramatists and
form of West Riding dialect synthetically as well as analytically.
We can vouch for the general accuracy of the dialect and idiom."-
Lon. Quarterly Review.
"Of great value.”—ARCHDEACON TODD.
Carrick, A., M.D.
Carrick, John D.
An esteemed work."-LOWNDES,
As we know not the name of the translator of this valuable
work, we introduce it under that of the French author.
Medical treatises, 1797, 1803.
Life of Sir William Wallace.
"The best history with which we are acquainted of those important
Electricity and Galvanism, 1803, Svo. Account of Sur- events which, under the auspices of that hero and patriot, led to
gical Operations, 1816, '19.
the re-establishment of Scottish independence.”—Edin. Lit. Jour.
Carrier. Reasons for Forsaking Protestantism, 1614,4to.
Carrigan, Philip. Map of New Hampshire, 1816.
Carrington, F. A. Legal repts. and works, 1823-50
Carrington, James. Theological treatises, 1750-76.
Carrington, Jas. Serms. on Isa. ii. 78; Ephes. v. 15.
Carrington, Noel Thomas, 1777-1830, a native
of Plymouth, England, pub. several poems of great merit.
The Banks of Tamar, 1820. Dartmoor, 1826. My Na-
tive Village. Poems collected in 2 vols. 12mc.
Carr, Allan. A Peacable Moderator, Lon., 4to; re-
specting the book of Common Prayer.
Carr, George, 1704–1776, educated at St. John's Col-
lege, Cambridge; appointed senior clergyman of the Epis-
copal Chapel, Edinburgh, 1737, where he officiated 39 years.
Sir William Forbes pub. his sermons, Edin., 1777, 3 vols.
12mo; 5th edit., 1784, 2 vols. Svo.
Carr, William Windle. Poems, Lon., 1791, 8vo.
Carre, Thomas, alias Miles Pinkney, d. 1674, a
native of Broomhal, founded a Nunnery (Sion) at Paris,
1634, and became resident Confessor. Pietas Parisiensis
et Romana, París, 1666, 12mo: Oxf., 1687, 12mo. Funeral
of Charles I.; Serm. on Ps. ii. 10, 1670, 12mo.
Counter-Revolution for the Re-Establishment of Popery
Carrel, Armand N., 1800-1836. History of the
in England under Charles II. and James II., by Armand
Carrel; to which is added the History of the Early Part
of the Reign of James II., by C. J. Fox, sm. Svo, 1854.
"The reigns of the last two Stuarts have been written, with the
mind of a statesman and the hand of a vigorous writer, by Armand
Carrel."-Edin. Kev.
"Dartmoor met with greater success than the author had over
lared to anticipate. It was received with much delight by the
public, and was very highly spoken of by the periodical press."-
Lon. Gent. Mag.. March. 1831.
Carrington, Robert Smith, Lord. Speech deli-
vered at the Board of Agriculture, 1803, 4to.
Carrington, S. History of Oliver Cromwell, Lon.,
1659, Svo.
The Perjured Husband;
Carrington, Susanna.
a Tragedy, Lon., 1700, 4to.
K
3:45
CAR
CAR
Carrington, W. Angler's Vade-Mecum, 1818, 12mo.
Carroll, B. R. Historical Collection of South Caro-
lina, N. York, 1836, 2 vols. 8vo. A valuable collection
relating to the early literature of South Carolina.
Carroll, Wm. On Locke's Essay, Lon., 1706, Svo.
Carruthers, William, of Virginia. 1. Cavaliers of
Virginia. 2. The Kentuckian in New York.
Knights of the Horse-Shoe; a Traditionary Tale of the
Cocked-Hat Gentry in the Old Dominion, Wetumpka, Ala.,
3. The
1845.
Carson, Alexander. Theolog. treatises. The fol-
lowing have been highly commended: Explanation of the
Principles of Biblical Interpretation of Ernesti, Ammon,
Stuart, and other Philologists; A Treatise on the Figures
of Speech; A Treatise on the Right and Duty of all Men
to read the Scriptures, New York, 1855, 12mo, pp. 468.
"He differs from Stuart and other prominent philologists."
"One of the first Biblical critics of the nineteenth century."-
Scotsman.
Carson, James, M.D. Med. and Political treatises,
Liverp., 1809-15.
Carson, Joseph, M.D. Illustrations of Medical Bo-
tany, 2 vols. 4to. Synopsis of the Course of Lectures on
Materia Medica and Pharmacy, delivered in the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania, Phila., pp. 208, 1852, Svo. Amer.
edit. of Pereira's Materia Medica, Phila., 1854, 2 vols. Svo.
Carstairs, J. Works on Writing, Lon., 1814, '15.
Carstairs, or Carstares, William. See McCOR-
MICK, JOSEPH, D.D.
Carswell, Francis, D.D. Serms., 1684, '89, 4to.
Carte, Samuel, 1653-1740, Prebendary of Lichfield,
Coventry, England, was educated at Magdalen College,
Oxford. Serms., 1649, 1705, 4to. Tabula Chronologica
Archiepiscopatuum et Episcopatuum in Anglia et Wallia,
&c., sine anno. Con. to Phil. Trans. and Bibl. Top. Brit.
He was an intelligent antiquary, and Dr. Willis and Dr.
Stukeley acknowledged his assistance.
Carte, Samuel, grandson of the above, also a learned
antiquary, edited Brewster's Collectanea Ecclesiastica, to
which he added some valuable notes. He also assisted
Johnson in his account of the benefactions and charities
of Coventry. See Archæol., x. 209, 1792.
Carte, Thomas, 1686-1754, father of the above,
was a native of Clifton, in Warwickshire. He was ad-
mitted of University College, Oxford, in 1698; took his
degree of B.A. in 1702, and was subsequently incorporated
at Cambridge, where he became M. A. in 1706. After tra-
velling on the Continent, he entered into holy orders, and
was appointed reader of the Abbey Church at Bath, where
he preached a discourse, January 30, 1714, in which he
vindicated the character of Charles I. with reference to
the Irish rebellion. This elicited a controversy with Dr.
Chandler, which called forth Carte's first publication-The
Irish Massacre set in a Clear Light; see Lord Somers's
Tracts. When George I. ascended the throne, Carte was
unwilling to take the oaths to the new government, and
therefore assumed a lay habit. For a time he assisted
Jeremy Collier, who preached to a Nonjuring congregation
in London. Carte was suspected of being concerned in
the rebellion of 1715, and orders were issued for his arrest.
He escaped, and became secretary to Bishop Atterbury,
which increased the suspicions against him, and a reward
of £1000 was offered for his person. Carte now fled to
France, where he resided for some years under the name
of Phipps. He mingled with men of learning, and fre-
quented the best libraries, which enabled him to collect
materials for illustrating an English edition of Thuanus.
In 1724 he consulted Dr. Mead as to the best mode of pub-
lication. The doctor perceived the value of the collec-
tion, and determined to publish the whole. He purchased
them from Carte, and confided them to the care of Mr.
Buckley, who gave them to the world in 1733, 7 vols. fol.
By the intercession of Queen Caroline, Carte was permitted
to return to his native country. He arrived in England.
between 1728 and 1730. In 1735 appeared the 3d and in
1736 the 1st and 2d vols. (fol.) of his History of the Life
of James, Duke of Ormonde, from his birth in 1610 to his
death, in 1688. This is one of the most important histo-
rical works in the language, and contains the fullest ac-
count of the Irish rebellion. The author was rewarded
by the approbation of the best judges in the premises:
|
Two good volumes in duodecimo might be made out of the two
[three] in folio."-DR. JOHNSON.
We are glad that the doctor's expunging views were not
adopted by the editor of the beautiful edition pub. in 1851,
Oxford, 6 vols. Svo. Let the historical reader procure this
edition forthwith.
The author had long projected a history of England-
finding much fault with Rapin and with Rymer's Fadera-
and in April, 1738, he pub. "A general account of the ne-
cessary materials for a history of England, of the society
and subscriptions proposed for defraying the expenses of
it, and the method in which he intended to proceed in
In October £600 per annum
carrying on the work."
were subscribed, and the historian set to work with a glad
heart. We have not space in which to enumerate the
learned and corporate bodies who favoured this great un-
dertaking: suffice it to say that seldom has an author been
so encouraged:
"Your history is in great esteem here. All sides seem to like
it. The dean of St. Patrick's [Swift] honours you with his appro-
bation. Any name after his could not add to your satisfaction.
But I may say, the worthy and the wise are with you to a man,
and you have me into the bargain."-Lord Orrery's Letter to Curte.
"Carte's Life of the Duke of Ormonde is considered as a book
of authority; but it is ill written. The matter is diffused in too
many words; there is no animation, no compression, no vigour. |
"Never was a history more anxiously expected, and more zeal-
ously supported. The City of London and the University of Ox-
ford seemed to vie with each other in their acts of generosity.”-
Dibdin's Library Companiom.
In 1744 he was arrested by the government for supposed
designs favourable to the Pretender, but nothing was found
to justify his detention. In August, 1744, was printed in
an Svo pamphlet, "A collection of the several papers that
had been published by him relative to his great work."
Proposals for printing were circulated in 1746, and in De-
cember, 1747, the first volume was given to the world.
"Of the first volume of this History, 150 copies were printed on
royal paper, 850 on a second size, and 2000 on small paper. Of the
succeeding volumes. 100 only were printed on royal paper, and 650
on small paper."-Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, ii. p. 191.
But a few lines in this noble book were permitted to
Carte in one of
bring the whole into undeserved odium.
his notes, not originally intended for publication, refers
to the "sanative virtue of touching for the king's evil,"
and adduces the case of a Christopher Lovel who was
touched by the Pretender, and cured. We make a short
extract, as this is a curious literary anecdote:
"From thence Christopher made his way first to Paris, and
thence to the place where he was touched, in the beginning of
November following, by the eldest lineal descendant of a race of
kings, who had indeed for a long succession of ages cured that
distemper by the royal touch.
distemper by the royal touch. But this descendant and next heir
of their blood had not, at least at that time, been crowned or
anointed."
Now there was no treason in this. His avowed object
was to prove that it was an error to suppose that the "sa-
native virtue" resided only in the eldest descendant of the
That the Pre-
royal line, or in the wearer of the crown.
tender had the blood-royal in his veins, no one could deny.
But the corporation of London, perhaps not unwilling to
recommend themselves to the reigning monarch by their
rather ostentatious loyalty, withdrew their subscriptions,
and the history was neglected by the Baotians of that
generation. In 1749 it was retailed at a shilling a num-
ber (36 nos., i. e. vol. 1, all yet pub.) to those who had the
sense to profit by the stolidity of their neighbours. But
Carte struggled manfully on. The 2d vol.-1216-1509-
Vol.
appeared in 1750; and the 3d-1509–1613—in 1752.
4th, 1613-54, was pub. in 1755, about a year after the au-
thor's decease. He intended to bave brought it down to
the Restoration. His valuable materials were left by Mrs.
Carte, for his lifetime, to her second husband, Mr. Jerne-
gan, then to be deposited in the University of Oxford.
Mr. Jernegan delivered them to the University in 1778,
for a valuable consideration. Whilst they were in his
possession, he charged the Earl of Hardwicke £200 for the
perusal of them, and Mr. Macpherson paid £300 for the
same privilege. His History of Great Britain, Lon., 1775,
2 vols. 4to, and Original Papers, 1775, 2 vols. 4to, with
Extracts from the Life of James II., as written by himself,
show that he was disposed to lose nothing by the invest-
ment.
"The character of Macpherson seems at an end. He endeavoured
to deceive the public, and to make them believe that the extracts
he gave were from the king's own journal; but this they were not.
He never saw the journal, as I have before mentioned. He made
extracts from the Stuart papers, and additions from Carte.”—Irof.
Smyth's Lectures on Mod. "Hist.
For the ten 4to vols. of the Brunswick Papers, Macpher-
son was indebted to a fortunate purchase of Mr. Duane's.
Mr. Jernegan was pleased with such a profitable mode
of assisting literary antiquaries, and as late as 1775 he
advertised that he was still willing to loan them for a con-
sideration. But there were no more Earl Hardwickes and
Macphersons to be found, and, as we have stated, he re-
ceived a handsome sum in 1778 to place them in their
intended repository. We need not wonder that few were
hardy enough to attack "20 folios, 15 quartos, and some
348
CAR
CAR
loose papers" in MS.: for such was the bulk of those
which treated of matters from 1654 to 1688. Of borrowers
from Carte, Hume is one of the largest, and would have
acted with more justice by a frank acknowledgment of
his obligations. It is amusing to observe the cavalier
manner in which he incidentally alludes to Carte in his
notes as "a late author of great industry and learning,
but full of prejudices and of no penetration." The two
authors occupy the same relative position as those of the
laborious miner and the skilful polisher of the precious
metal, which but for the assiduity of the former might still
be undistinguished beneath the clod. But those who wish
to gather all the gold must still revert to Carte.
،.
You may read Hume for his eloquence, but Carte is the his-
torian for facts."-WARTON.
L
Although the author died before the publication of the last
volume in 1755—intending to bring his work down to the Resto-
ration-yet he lived long enough to witness its success, and the
victory which he obtained over its numerous opponents, and the
shame attached to those who had withdrawn their original pa-
tronage. This work will live long, and always be consulted.".
Dibdin's Library Companion.
"Notwithstanding our author's opinions and prejudices, his
general History is undoubtedly a work of great merit in point of
information. It is written with eminent exactness and diligence,
and with a perfect knowledge of original authors."-Biog. Brit.
"In the early part of the English History. I should always pre-
for the history of Carte to any other historian. He was indefatiga-
ble himself, in his researches, having dedicated his whole life to
them, and was assisted in what relates to Wales by the labours of
Mr. Lewis Morris, of Penbryn, in Cardiganshire. As for his poli-
tical prejudices, they cannot be supposed to have had any bias in
what relates to a transaction five hundred years ago, and which
hath nothing to do with the royal touch for the cure of king's
evil."-DAINES BARRINGTON.
"His learned work, which in other respects is but indifferently
written, is replete with very useful researches, though mixed with
incurable prejudices.”—Moxs. D'EYVERDUM: voyez Memoires Lit-
téraires de la Grande Brétagne, 1768.
Dr. Richard Rawlinson declined the arduous task of
completing this valuable History. Mr. Carte also pub.
The History of the Revolution of Portugal, 1740, Svo,
some Translations, &c. In 1742 he pub. A Full Answer
to a Letter from a Bystander, (Corbyn Morris, Esq., F.R. S,.)
which appeared in 1741. This elicited some other pam-
phlets.
"These tracts embody much curious discussion and information
with respect to taxation, and the expenditure of the public re-
venue for a lengthened period."-McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy.
Carter. Instructions for the Ladies in Riding, 1783,8vo.
Carter, Benjamin, Sermons, 1712-29.
Carter, Bezoleel. Sermons, 1618, '21.
Carter, Charles. Works on Cooking, 1730, '32, 4to.
Carter, E., of Exeter. Con. to Phil. Mag., 1816.
Con. to Phil. Mag., 1816.
Description of a Gas Lamp for Coal Mines.
Carter, Edmund. Artificer's Looking-Glass, Lon.,
1726, 8vo.
Carter, Edmund. Assize Sermon, 1712, Svo.
Carter, Edmund, of Chelsea. The History of the
County of Cambridge from the Earliest Account to the
Present Time, Camb., 1753, Svo; 2d edit., continued to
1819, by Wm. Upcott.
"The original edition having become extremely rare, 140 copies,
(100 on small, and 40 on large. paper) have been reprinted to gra-
tify the Topographical Collector." See Upcott's Preface.
The History of the University of Cambridge, from its
Origin to the Year 1753; in which a particular Account is
given of each College and Hall. their respective Founda-
tions, Founders, Benefactors, Bishops, Learned Writers,
Masters, Livings, Curiosities, &c., Lon., 1753, Svo, pp. viii.
and 471, with table and errata page.
"This most inaccurate book is the best outline for a history of
the university, which we possess."-LOWNDES.
By no means: THOMAS BAKER'S MS. Collections afford a
much better guide, (see the name in this volume,) where
we have already urged the preparation of an ATHENE
CANTABRIGIENSIBUS. With all due modesty, we think
that this Dictionary would be a great assistance to a
bridge Anthony Wood. We give a specimen of Carter's
work:
"In the course of this work, Mr. Carter mentions such as were
most famous for their learning and abilities. belonging to that
University; and as a specimen of his judgment and talents for
characterizing learned men, take the following account of the
great Dr. MIDDLETON.
of the Rev. Nicholas Carter, D.D., perpetual cura.e of
the chapel in the town of Deal, Kent. Whilst yet very
young, she displayed a great desire for knowledge, to which
was added unwearied diligence in its acquisition, which is
the more creditable from the difficulty she experienced in
learning.
"This ardent thirst after knowledge was at length crowned with
complete success, and her acquirements became, even very early
in life, such as are rarely met with. What she once gained, she
never afterwards lost, an effect, indeed, to be expected from the
intense application by which she acquired her learning, and which
is often by no means the case with those, the quickness of whose
faculties renders labour almost useless."-REV. MONTAGU PENNING-
TON: Memoirs of Mrs. Carter, Lon., 1807, 4to.
She first made her appearance as an author in 1738,
when she published a volume of Poems, (in 4to,) composed
before she was twenty years of age. These were first pub.
anonymously, and were not subsequently much admired
by the fair author, for in another collection, pub. in 1762,
8vo, she only admitted two pieces from the former volume;
e. Lines on her Birth-Day, and an Ode of Anacreon,
which she had trans. before her 17th year. In 1739 she
pub. a trans. from the French-the Examen of Crousaz on
Pope's Essay on Man. In the same year she gave to the
world a trans. from the Italian of Algorotti's Newtonionis-
mo par le Dame; Algorotti's Explanation of Newton's
Philosophy for the Use of the Ladies, 2 vols. 12mo. These
evidences of ability gave the authoress considerable repu-
Her
tation in the literary world at home and abroad.
Ode to Wisdom, one of her best poetical pieces, was com-
posed in 1746. In 1749, at the solicitation of her friend
Miss Talbot, and Dr. Secker, then Bishop of Oxford, after-
wards Archbishop of Canterbury, she commenced a trans-
lation of the writings of Epictetus. The choice was a good
one. Hereby all were admitted to enter
"That noble school of Philosophy, which preserved great souls
untainted at the court of dissolute and ferocious tyrants, which
exalted the slave [Epictetus] of one of Nero's courtiers to be a
moral teacher of after times."-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH.
This excellent work, not originally intended for the
press, was pub. in 1758, 4to; pp. 34 and 505. 1018 copies
afterwards. The price was one guinea.
were struck off at once, and 250 more within three months
"It sold so well. and the price kept up so remarkably, that some
years after Dr. Secker, then Archbishop of Canterbury, brought a
bookseller's catalogue to her, saying, Here, Madam Carter, see
how ill I am used by the world; here are my sermons selling at
half-price, while your Epictetus truly is not to be had under 18
shillings; only three shillings less than the original subscription."
..
"Dr. CONYERS MIDDLETON, Fellow of Trinity College, many years
chief librarian of this University, author of Marcus Tullius Cicero,
A free enquiry into the miraculous powers, &c., and some other
learned pieces, in which he displayed his learning, and lost his cha-
racter, as a divine and as a churchman." See Lon. Mon. Rev., 1753,
After porusing this copious and perspicuous morsel of
biography and bibliography, even we feel encouraged to
proceed.
Carter, Elizabeth, 1717–1806, an ornament to her
sex, and an honour to her race, was the eldest daughter
By this publication Mrs. C. was a gainer by about
£1000. As regards the merits of this translation, it is
sufficient to quote Dr. Warton's opinion that it "excels
the original." Her reputation as a profound and elegant
classical scholar was now established upon a firm basis.
Dr. Johnson had always been a warm admirer of her
talents, and as early as April, 1738, wrote to Cave:
"I have composed a Greek epigram to Eliza, and think she
ought to be celebrated in as many different languages as Lewis le
Grand." See Gent. Mag., April, 1738, for this Epigram to Eliza.
Cave thought that they should be better known to each
other, and introduced them. Johnson was then 29, and
“Eliza” 21. She mentioned the name of her new ac-
quaintance to her father, in a letter to the worthy clergy-
man. His answer is amusing to the present generation:
"You mention Johnson; but that is a name with which I am
utterly unacquainted. Neither his scholastic, critical, nor poeti
cal character ever reached my ears. I a little suspect his judgment
if he is very fond of Martial.”—Pennington's Memoirs of Mrs.
Carter.
Now, when a young lady dwells in her letters upon the
name of a new male acquaintance, especially if she be of
a literary turn, and adduce his literary tastes, be assured
that her heart is no Gibraltar. Even Johnson's physical
ugliness could be forgotten in the classic charm of his
comments upon Martial, and other worthies of the "elder
Cam-time." But, alas for his corpulent, elderly wife, alas for
Mrs. Johnson! she was too substantial to be dissipated by
the incantations of Anacreon or the reveries of Plato!
Perhaps this is all imagination on our part. Perhaps
there was nothing more like love for Johnson than she
would have felt for the animated bust of Epictetus had it
suddenly assumed life and corrected the translator's ver-
sion. However, they lived in friendship for nearly half a
century, that is, until Johnson's death in 1784. Some of
our readers of the gentler sex will tell us that the airy
tissue of Love could never be woven into the substantial
fabric of a 46 years' friendship! Perhaps this is as proper
a place as any to state that Elizabeth Carter was never
married. Seriously, we have no idea of any stronger feel-
ing than mutual regard between the author of Rasselas
and the translator of Epictetus. That under other cir
347
CAR
CAR
cumstances, there was sufficient congeniality of taste to
have led to more tender sentiments, no one can question.
That Mrs. Carter would have made a good wife, we have
Johnson's own authority:
"Upon hearing a lady commended for her learning, Dr. Johnson
said,A man is in general better pleased when he has a good
diuner upon his table, than when his wife talks Greek. My old
friend Mrs. Carter,' he added, 'could make a pudding as well as
translate Epictetus from the Greek; and work a handkerchief as
well as compose a poem.""
Johnson as early as 1738 had been anxious that she
should turn her learning to account, for Cave writes to
Birch in that year:
"Mr. Johnson advises Miss C. to undertake a translation of Boe-
thius de Cons, because there is prose and verse, and to put her
name to it when published.”
When a celebrated Greek scholar was spoken of, the
doctor remarked, "Sir, he is the best Greek scholar in
England, except ELIZABETH CARTER." It is not a little
curious that the lady's translation of Crousaz's Examen
of Pope's Essay on Man was ascribed to Johnson. Bos-
well quotes an article from Dr. Birch's MSS. in the British
Museum, which confirmed his opinion that his "guide,
philosopher, and friend" was not the translator:
"Elisa Carteræ S. P. D. Thomas Birch Versiouem tuum Exa-
minis Crousaziani jam perlegi. ... Summam styli et elegantiam,
Dabam Novemb. 27,
et in re difficillima proprietatem, admiratus. Dabam Novemb. 27,
1738." See Birch MSS., Brit. Mus., 4323.
As a linguist, Mrs. Carter was familiar to a greater or
less degree with Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Italian, Spanish,
French, and German.
Of the few numbers contributed to the Rambler, Nos.
44 and 100 are by Mrs. C. Eighteen years after their
first introduction, Johnson writes with much gallantry to
the lady :
"The name of Miss Carter introduces the memory of Cave.
Poor dear Cave! I owed him much; for to him I owe that I have
known you.”—Jan. 14, 1756.
Twenty-eight years later Johnson remarked at the Essex
Club:
"I dined yesterday at Mrs. Garrick's with Mrs. Carter, Miss
Hannah More, and Fanny Burney. Three such women are not to
be found."
I
'ings than the frivolities of fashion and the petty compe.
titions of rivalry, where success is without honour, aud
pre-eminence entitled only to contempt.
Carter, Francis, d. 1783. A Journey from Gibral-
tar to Malaga, Lon., 1777, 2 vols. 8vo; plates sold sepa-
rately; reprinted, 1778, 2 vols. Svo, including the plates.
Mr. C. resided long in Spain, and collected a library of
books in the Spanish language, of which he drew up a
descriptive catalogue, with biographical notes and speci-
mens of style. Only one sheet was pub.-An Historical
and Critical Account of early-printed Spanish Books--
when he was overtaken by death. Mr. George Ticknor,
of Boston, has recently published A History of Spanish
Literature, New York, and London, 1849, 3 vols. 8vo,
which has been highly commended, (v. n.)
What a noble example does this excellent woman pre-
sent for the emulation of her sex! We have occasionally
in the course of this volume felt it our duty to stimulate
the ambition of our female readers to the acquisition of
something better than mere fashionable
nobler conquests than those afforded by the Opera or the
Ball-room. The amelioration of the heart, the cultivation
of the intellect, the visitation of the poor and wretched,
the instruction of the ignorant, and the duties of devotion,
surely have higher and holier claims upon immortal be-
Carter, Francis, M.D. An Account of the various
Systems of Medicine, from the days of Hippocrates to the
present time, Lon., 1788, 2 vols. 8vo.
"So far is the author from giving an account of the various sys-
tems, &c., that he wholly omits several. touches but slightly ou a
few, and fully explains only one system, viz., that of Dr. Brown.
Dr. Carter seems no less inclined to abuse, than was his late friend,
Dr. B.; but he abuses with less art and less keenness. We shall
conclude with an humble hint to the defenders of the Brunonian
doctrine: a weak cause requires a strong advocate; but we have
the lists in favour of the opinions maintained by the late Dr.
not observed that any very powerful champion hath yet entered
Brown."-Lon. Monthly Review, 1789.
Carter, George. Loss of the Grosvenor E. India-
man, 1791, Svo.
Belsham, 1819, 8vo.
Carter, Harry W., M.D. Remarks upon a pub. by
Carter, Henry Y., Surgeon. Con. to Med. Facts,
1792-95.
Car
Carter, John.
Vindicia Decimarium, Lon., 1640,
4to. This is a plea for the Jus Divinum of Tithes, based
on Hebrews vii. S.
Thus comely and pleasant was that friendship which for
nearly half a century nothing had broken; but Death ac-
complished what naught else could, and in a few months
after the above was spoken, the "mourners went about the
streets" for one of the greatest of philosophers and best of
Mrs. Carter's testimony to his worth should have
great weight with those petty cavillers who would question
the excellence of an apostle, if he should happen to prove
that he was not quite an angel also!
men.
"I see by the papers that Dr. Johnson is dead. In extent of
learning, and exquisite purity of moral writing, he has left no su-
perior, and I fear very few equals. His virtues and his piety were
founded on the steadiest of Christian principles and faith. His
faults, I firmly believe, arose from the irritations of a most suffer-
ing state of nervous constitution, which scarcely ever allowed him
a moment's ease.”—Letter to Mrs. Montagu.
Be it remembered that this is the testimony of one of
the wisest of women and most devout of Christians. Let
those who would be convinced of this-especially let all
of that sex upon which she has conferred such undying
honour-peruse the Memoirs of her Life by Mr. Penning-tecture.
tʊn, (1807, 4to; 1808, 2 vols. 8vo,) and her Letters to Miss
Talbot and Mrs. Vesey (1808, 2 vols. 4to; 1809, 4 vols.
8vo;) and to Mrs. Montagu, (1817, 3 vols. 8vo.) The fol-
lowing commendation from one of the most polished gen-
tlemen of Europe will have far more weight than any
thing which we can urge:
"Mrs. Carter's Correspondence pleases me very much; the purity
and respectability of their lives. [Mrs. Carter and Mrs. Vesey,]
their uninterrupted friendship, the elegance of their pursuits—
form altogether an agreeable subject of conversation."-SIR JAMES
MACKINTOSH.
Carter, John. The Nail hit on the Head; two
Serms., Lon., 1547, 4to. The Tomb-stone, and a rare
Sight, Lon., 1653, 12mo.
Carter, John. Life of J. C., the Author's Father,
1653, 8vo.
Practical English Grammar, Leeds,
Treatises on Infant Baptism, &c.,
Carter, John. Albert; a Tragedy, 1787, 8vo.
Carter, John, F. S. A., an eminent architect, 1748-
1817, was a native of London. Specimens of Ancient
Sculpture now remaining in England; commenced in
numbers, 1780, terminated in 1794; not completed; price
£15 158.; new edit., much improved, with illuminations
and complete Index, 1838, 2 vols. r. fol. in one; £8 88.,
120 large engravings. The letter-press was written by
Francis Douce, the Rev. Mr. Milner, Sir S. R. Meyrick,
Dawson Turner, John Britton, and Messrs. Gough, Bray,
Fenn, Hawkins, &c. Collection of 120 views of ancient
Buildings in England, 1786, 6 vols. 32mo.; repub. as
Specimens of Gothic Architecture; ancient buildings in
England, comprised in 120 views, Lon., 1824, 4 vols.
Progress of Architecture, 4to. His magnum opus
16mo. This includes Warton's Essay on Gothic Archi-
was The Ancient Architecture of England, 1795-1816;
2 vols. fol., vol. i. 21 nos.: of vol. ii. only 7 nos. were pub.
John Britton in 1837, 2 vols. r. fol. in one; £4 48.
A new edition, enlarged and improved, was pub. by Mr.
"This great national work exhibits almost every important
Architectural Remain in the kingdom, from the earliest time to
the reigns of Henry III. and Edward III.; together with nume-
rous Details, Ornaments, &c. It has always been considered one
of the most useful books the architectural student can possess."
Carter, John.
1773, Svo.
1774, '80, '81, '88.
Carter, John.
“This original and important work contains, in 109 large plates,
as many Architectural Examples, Ornaments, and Antiquities, as
on the ordinary plan of publishing would suffice for at least twenty
folios."
"Mr. Carter was the first to point out to the public the right
So truly humble was the unobtrusive female whom the
rank and genius of the land delighted to honour, that
when Mr. Pennington, her nephew, told her of his design way of delineating and representing the component and detached
of writing some account of her life if he should survive parts of the Old Buildings of England. His National Work on
her, she replied-" What can be said of so obscure an in- Ancient Architecture occupied him, in drawing, etching, arrang-
dividual as I am? and what do you think the world willing, and publishing, more than twenty years. It is highly valŭ-
care about me?"
able."-Brillam's Arch. Antiq., v. 38, 68.
"This Collection supplied a want which has long been felt, and
enabled the architect to do his work."-Lon. Quarterly Review.
Mr. Carter pub. many criticisms in the Gent. Mag.,
1798-1817, upon Architectural Innovation, in which he
severely censures the alterations made in the cathedrals
of Salisbury, Durham, Lichfield, &c.
"The enthusiastic zeal of that able draughtsman and antiquary
was undoubtedly effectual in checking the mutilation of ancient
monuments. 'WE NE'ER SHALL LOOK UPON HIS LIKE AGAIN,'"-PCOIN.
See, also, Memoir of John Carter, by W. J. Dampier,
p. 8vo.
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Carter, Landon, of Virginia. Con. to Trans. Amer.
Soc., i. 274, 1789; on the Fly-Weevil that destroys the
wheat.
Carter, Matthew. Expedition of Kent, Essex, and
Colchester, Lon., 1650, 8vo.
"This tract records several particulars not noticed by Lord
Clarendon and our general historians."-LOWNDES.
Honour Redivivus, or the Analysis of Honour and Har-
mony, 1660, '65, '73, 8vo.
Carter, Nathaniel Hazeltine, 1788?-1830, a
poet, was a native of New Hampshire. Letters from
Europe, 1827. 2 vols. 8vo. His longest poetical piece was
The Pains of Imagination, delivered at Dartmouth Col-
lege. See Specimens of Amer. Poetry for his Hymn for
Carter, William, Lt. A Detail of the several En-
gagements, &c. of the Royal and American Armies, 1775-
76, Lon., 1734, 4to.
Carteret, John, Viscount Carteret and Earl Gran-
ville, 1690-1763, contributed to S. Buckley's 3d letter to
Dr. Mead, respecting B.'s edit. of Thuanus, a character of
that historian, (v. p. 21,) and favoured Buckley with some
useful hints concerning the enterprise. See BUCKLEY,
SAMUEL, and CARTE, THOMAS.
Johnson excused his Letter on the Battle of Dettingen
upon the plea of want of practice; and his lordship him-
self did not consider it a classical piece of composition,
for he remarked, when he had finished it.
Carthew, Thomas. Reports of Cases in the King's
Bench from 3d Jas. II. to 12 Will. III., Lon., 1728, fol.;
2d edit., with additions, 1741, fol.
"Carthew, in general, is a good reporter."-LORD KENTON.
"I own that he is in general a very good and a very faithful re-
porter, but I tancy he was mistaken in the case of Leigh r. Brice."
CHIEF JUSTICE WILLES.
"Carthew and Counterbach are equally bad authority."-LORD
THURLOW.
Now the lawyers may settle this case for the judges, as
they think best. It is too knotty for a layman.
Cartouche, L. D. His Life and Actions, Lon.,
1722, 8vo.
Novels and Memoirs, Lon., 1779,
Cartwright, Charles, M.D. His unfortunate Ad-
ventures, Lon., 1741, Svo.
Cartwright, Charles. Commercial Treatises, 1782,
'88, 8vo.
Christmas.
Carter, Nicholas, D. D. Sermons, 1716-57, 4to
and 8vo.
Carter, Peter. A Latin treatise, Lon., 1563, 8vo;
in Johannis Setoni Dialecticam Annotationes, &c.
Carter, Ralph. Trial of George Timewell, Lon.,
1748, 8vo.
Carter, Richard. The Schismatick stigmatized,
Lon., 1641, 8vo.
Legal Reports and Treatises,
Carter, Samuel.
Lon., 1688-1737.
Serms., 1645, &c.
Carter, Thomas.
Carter, Thomas, 1768-1800, a musical composer,
was the author of "O Nanny, wilt thou gang with me?"
"Stand to your guns, my hearts of oak," &c.
Carter, Thomas Thelluson, Rector of Clewer.
1. Doctrine of the Priesthood, 1857, 8vo. 2. Life of Bishop
Armstrong, fcp., 1857, 8vo: see ARMSTRONG, JOHN, D.D.
3. Sermons.
Carter, William. Serms., 1642, '48, '54.
Carter, William, or Wooll. Publications on Trade, tiones in Tatum Jesu Christi Testamentum, (4to, Fran., 1612,) con-
tain many valuable illustrations of the New Testament. Some
&c., Lon., 1671-94.
additions were subsequently made to his work by Balthasar
Scheidius, whose Præterita Præteritorum are included in the
publication of Meuschen-Novum Testamentum ex Talmude,
&c., Lipsime. 1736. 4to."-T. H. HORNE.
Carter, William, M. D. Med. Treatises, Lon.,
1771, '72.
Cartwright pub. some other works.
Cartwright, Mrs.
'80, '85, '87, 12mo.
His lordship, however, had learning, if he lacked style,
and turned it to profitable account in procuring MSS. for
Dr. Bentley's use when urging him to undertake a new
edition of Homer. In this connection, an anecdote occurs
to us, too good to be omitted:
The great Bentley, who was known to old Lady Gran-
ville only as "the country clergyman," when in town
would spend the evenings with Lord Carteret in classical
conversations. On one occasion Lady Granville rebuked
her son for having kept "the country clergyman" up the
night before till he became intoxicated. His lordship
denied that his friend was in such an unclerical condition.
Lady Granville replied that "the clergyman could not
have sung in so ridiculous a manner, unless he had been
in liquor." "The truth was, that the singing thus mis-
taken by her ladyship, was Dr. Bentley's endeavour to in-
struct and entertain his noble friend by reciting Terence
according to the true cantilena of the ancients!"
Amidst his lordship's struggles for place and power, he
had an affectation of saying—“I love my fireside.” This
gave rise to the amusing poetical satire by Hawkins
Browne, entitled, The Fire-side; a Pastoral Soliloquy.
He gave a copy of the Bible to a friend, who shortly after
displayed it to him in an elegant binding. "You have
done with it," said his lordship, "as the king has done
with me he made me fine, and he laid me by."
"Lord Granville had great parts, and a most uncommon share of
learning for a man of quality. He was one of the best speakers in
the House of Lords, both in the declamatory and the argumentative
way.... His character may be summed up in nice precision, quick
decision, and unbridled presumption."-LORD CHESTERFIELD.
Carteret, Capt. Philip. Voyage round the World
in 1766, '67, '68, '69 see Hawkesworth's Voyages, i. 522,
1773. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1770: of Camelopardalis found
at the Cape of Good Hope.
Cartwright, Christopher, 1602-1658. Electa Tar
gumico-Rabbinica; sive adnotationes in Genesin ex trip-
lici Targum, &c., Lon., 1648, 12mo. Idem in Exodum,
1653, 12mo.
"The Targums referred to are those of Onkelos, Jonathan, and
the Jerusalem. Rabbi Solomon, Aben Ezra, and other Jewish
writers, are often quoted. The Septuagint. and the versions of
Aquila, Theodotion, and Symmachus, are also used."-ÜRME.
Mellificium Hebraicum, sive observationes ex Hebræ-
orum Antiquiorum monumentis desumptæ, &c.; in the
8th vol. of the Critici Sacri, pp. 1271, 1426.
"It applies successfully the Rabbinical writings to the illustra
tions of the Scriptures.”—ORME.
To our learned countryman, Cartwright, belongs the honour
of being the first who applied the more ancient writings of the
Jews to the illustration of the Bible. He was followed in the
same path of literature by Drusius, whose Praterita sice Annota-
Cartwright, Eliza. To this lady we are indebted
for the literary portion of Mr. John Gilbert's Chrono-
"Here is a letter expressed in terms not good enough for a tal-logical Pictures of English History, Lon., imp. fol.
tory."-Asiatic Journal.
*An elegant mode of insinuating a knowledge of English His
low-chandler to have used.”
Cartwright, Edmund, 1743-1823, a Fellow of Mag-
dalen College, Oxford. Constantia, 1768, 4to. Almine and
Elvira, 1775, 4to; 9th edit., with other poems, 1804, 8vo.
The Prince of Peace, and other poems, 1779, 4to. Sonnets
to Eminent Men, 1783, 4to. A Memorial, 1800, Svo.
Serms., 1802, '08, 8vo. Letters and Sonnets addressed to
Lord Russell, 1807, 12mo.
John
standing of his lordship, the letters being early attempts at direct-
"Almost of historical value in reference to the present high
ing his judgment and improving his literary tastes."
L
Cartwright, Frances D. The Life and Corre-
spondence of her uncle, Major (John) Cartwright, Lon.,
2 vols. Svo. This work contains a map of his discoveries
and explorations in the interior of Newfoundland, re-
marks on the situation of the Aborigines, correspondence
with President Jefferson, &c.
*An entertaining and rather curious piece of biography."—
Lon. Monthly Review, July, 1826.
Cartwright, Francis.
1621, 4to.
Cartwright, George.
1661. Svo.
Cartwright, George.
Residence in the Coast of
vols. 4to.
Life, Confession, &c., Lon.,
The Heroic Lover, Lon.,
Journal of nearly 16 years'
Labrador, Newark, 1792, 3
..
The annals of his Campaigns among the Foxes and Beavers
interested me more than ever did the exploits of Marlborough or
Frederick: besides. I saw plain truth and the heart in Cartwright's
Book; and in what history could I look for these? The print is
an excellent likeness."-COLERIDGE.
Cartwright, J. Serm., Lon., 1791, Svo.
Cartwright, John.
A Preacher's Travels, Lon.,
1611, 4to. See Purchas's Pilgrim, vol. ii., and Osburne's
Voyages, i. 709, 1745.
Cartwright, Major John, 1740-1824, of the Royal
Navy, and Major in the Nottinghamshire Militia, was a
warm friend of the Independence of America, and refused
to fight against her liberties. In 1774 he pub. American
Independence the Glory and Interest of Great Britain; 2d
edit., 1775. A list of his political pamphlets will be found
in Watt's Bib. Brit. His Life and Correspondence by his
niece are noticed above. He corresponded with a number
of American gentlemen, and at home was an earnest advo-
cate of annual parliaments and universal suffrage. The
349
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following eulogy upon his character from a distinguished
source is worthy of quotation:
"He was one whose enlightened mind and profound constitu-
tional knowledge placed him in the highest rank of public cha-
racter, and whose purity of principle and consistency of conduct
through life commanded the most respectful attention to his opi-
nions."-Charles James Fox.
Cartwright, Thomas, 1535?-1603, a celebrated Pu-
ritan divine, was a native of Hertfordshire. He was ad-
mitted of St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1550, and in
1560 was chosen Fellow. In 1567 he commenced B.D.,
and in 1570 was chosen Lady Margaret Divinity Reader.
His lectures gave great offence to Archbishop Grindal, who
complained to Sir William Cecil, Chancellor of the Uni-
versity, that the students were "in danger to be poisoned
with a love of contention and a liking of novelty." Dr.
Whitgift also found fault, not only with his public state-
ments, but also with "what he had uttered to him in pri-
vate conference." He was forbidden to read any more
lectures until further orders, and in 1571, when Dr. Whit-
gift became Vice-Chancellor of the University, Cartwright
was deprived of his Professorship, and in 1572 his Fellow-
ship was taken from him. He visited the Continent, where
he remained for some years, and, returning, followed up
Field and Wilcox's admonition to the Parliament by a
Second Admonition for relief against the subscription re-
quired by the ecclesiastical commissioners, 1572. To this
Dr. Whitgift pub. an answer the same year. Cartwright
Cartwright
replied in 1573, and Whitgift responded in 1574, which
last elicited two more publications from Cartwright in 1575
and 1577. To the disgrace of the government, he was
several times imprisoned, and his health injured by con-
finement and bad treatment. An Admonition to the People
of England, &c., Lon., 1589, 4to. A Briefe Apologie, &c.,
Lon., 1596, 4to. In librum Salomonis qui inscribitur Ec-
clesiastes, &c., Lon., 1604, 4to. Metaphrasis et Homiliæ
in Ecclesiasten, Marp. Catt., 1604, 8vo; Amst., 1632, '47,
4to. Comment. upon Epistle to the Romans, Lon., 1612,
4to. A Body of Divinity, Lon., 1616, 4to. A Confutation
of the Rhemish Translation, Glosses, and Annotations on
the New Testament, 1618, fol.
"It came forth privately without license, and seems to have been
printed abroad."-Strype's Annals.
The confutation of the English Roman Catholic version of the
New Testament displays the writer's extensive acquaintance with
the Scriptures, and the power of his controversial talents. All the
passages in dispute between Catholics aud Protestants are largely
discussed."ORME.
"In 1749 a new edition of the Anglo-Romish Bible, with some
alterations in the text, and many in the notes, was published from
the copy of Dr. Chaloner, titular bishop of Debra, and one of the
vicars-apostolic of the Romish Church in England. Various other
editions have been printed at different times and in different sizes.”
-T. II. HORNE.
Commentarii in Proverbia Salomonis, &c., Lug. Bat.,
1617, fol.; Amst., 1638, 4to. The Pope's Deadlie Wound,
&c., Lon., 1621, 4to. Commentaria Practica in totum His-
toriam Evangelicam, ex quatuor Evangelistis harmonice
concinnatum, 1630, fol.; elegantly printed by Elzevir at
Amst., 1647, 4to, under the title Harmonia Evangelica, &c.
An English version appeared in 1650. A Directory for
Church Government, 1644, 4to.
*.
Cartwright was the leader of the Puritans, and remarkable for
bis extensive acquaintance with the Scriptures, and the power of
his controversial talents.”—PARK.
"He continued his diligence and assiduities in his studies even
in his old age; and his usual manner was to rise at two, three, and
four o'clock in the morning at the latest, both summer and winter;
notwithstanding that his bodily infirmities were such that he was
forced to study continually upon his knees.... Ilis manner was
not to keep any more money in his purse. but what might serve
for charitable uses. He was very bountiful to poor scholars.
distributed money every Sabbath-day among the poor of the town
of Warwick, besides what he gave to the prisoners. and upon other
occasions both at home and abroad.”—Clarke's Lives of 32 English
Divines, dc.
Ile
"One saith, 'for riches, he sought them not,' and another saith,
'that he died rich; and I believe both say true; God sometimes
making wealth to find them who seek not for it, seeing many and
great were his benefactors."-Fuller's Worthies.
See Biog. Brit.; Zouch's Walton's Lives; Strype's Par-
ker; Strype's Grindal; Peck's Desiderata.
Cartwright, Thomas, 1634-1689, supposed to be
grandson to the preceding, was a native of Northampton.
He was educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, but was re-
moved to Queen's College by the Parliamentary Visitors
in 1649; Prebendary of Durham, 1672; Dean of Ripon,
1677; Bishop of Chester, 1686. He was one of the Com-
missioners in the attempt made by James II. to control the
President and Fellows of Magdalen College. Sermons,
Speech, &c., 1662-87.
We can say nothing in commendation of Bishop Cart-
wright.
Cartwright, Thomas, of Q. College, Oxf. Serms.
1659, 4to.
Cartwright, William, 1611-1643, a native of North-
way, Gloucestershire, was educated at Westminster, and
Christ Church, Oxford. He took holy orders in 1638.
"He became the most florid and seraphical preacher in the Uni-
versity.... His preaching was so graceful and profound withal,
that none of his time or age went beyond him.”—Athen. Oxon.
But he seems to have been unwilling to relinquish the
society of the Muses. He pub. The Royal Slave; a Tragi-
Comedy, Oxf., 1639, 4to; 1640, 4to. To the Earl of Pem-
broke and Montgomery, 1641, fol. Comedies. Tragi-Come-
dies, with other Poems, 1641. Poemata Græca et Latina,
and some other pieces. In 1643 he was chosen Junior
Proctor of the University of Oxford, and Reader in Meta-
physics, and died the same year of a malignant fever. An
edit. of his Plays and Poems was pub. in 1651, Svo, pre-
ceded by fifty copies of verses, highly eulogistic, from the
chief literary characters of the day. Of this edit. some
copies contain more matter than others. See Bliss's Wood's
Athen. Oxon. Perhaps there is no instance in the annals
of English literature of an author more admired by his
contemporaries of distinction than Cartwright appears to
have been. Indeed, he is now better known by the praises
of others than by his own works. These, with the excep-
tion of his plays, which are now entirely neglected, consist
principally of political addresses to distinguished characters
of the day. We quote a few of the commendations which
were showered so profusely upon Cartwright and his me-
mory:
"Cartwright, rare Cartwright, to whom all must bow.
That was best preacher, and best poet too;
Whose learned fancy never was at rest,
But always labouring, yet labour'd least."-JOHN LEIGH.
"His style so pleases the judiciɔus Gown,
As that there's something too for Wits o' th' town:
Rough-handed Critics do approve, and yet
<<
'Tis treasure for the Ladies cabinet."-RALPH BATHURST.
Cartwright is the utmost man can come to.”—DR. FELL, Bishop
of Oxford. See also Mayne's and Stapylton's lines.
"My son Cartwright writes all like a man."-BEN. JONSON.
"He was another Tully and Virgil, as being most excellent for
oratory and poetry, in which faculties, as also in the Greek tongue,
he was so full and absolute, that those who knew him best, knew
not in which he most excelled. . . . If the wits read his poems, di
vines his sermons, and philosophers his lectures on Aristotle's
metaphysics, they would scarce believe that he died at a little above
thirty years of age."-ANTHONY WOOD.
"He was extremely remarkable both for his outward and inward
endowments, his body being as handsome as his soul. . . . He was
an excellent orator, and yet an admirable poet.-a quality which
Cicero with all his pains could not attain to.” GERARD LANGBAINE.
Cartwright, William. Stenography, Lon.,1652,12mo.
Cartwright, Rev. William. Seasons of Life; a
Poem, 1786, Svo.
Carus, William, Canon of Winchester. Sermon,
1 Tim. iv. 16, Camb., 1845, Svo. Memoirs of the Life of
Charles Simeon; with a Selection from his Writings and
Correspondence, Lon., 1847, 8vo.
Carvalho, S. N., of Baltimore, accompanied Col.
Frémont in one of his exploring-tours. Perilous Adven-
tures in the Far West, N. York, 1856, 12mo.
1.
Carve, Thomas, Tipperariensis, a priest, Apos-
tolic Notary, and Vicar-Choral of St. Stephen's, b. 1590,
living in 1672, when he pub. his Responsio Veridica.
Itinerarivm, (Pars I.,) Mogunt, 1639, 18mo. Editio tertia
auctior correctior, 1640, 18mo. Pars II., 1641, 18mo.
Pars III., Spiræ, 1646, 18mo.
Pars III., Spiræ, 1646, 18mo. The Itinerarium was also
pub. in German, 1640, 18mo. 2. Rerum Germanicum,
1617-41, 8. l.; 1641, 12mo. 3. Lyra, seu Anacephalæosis
Hibernica, &c., Vienna, Austria, (1651,) 4to. Editio se-
cunda, Sulzbaci, 1666, 4to. Nicolson says that the first
ed. was in 1660. 4. Responsio Veridica ad illotum Libel-
lum, Solisbaci, 1672, 18mo. See an account of Carve's
very rare works in Bibliotheca Grenvilliana, vol. i. 118-
119. See also Bp. Nicolson's Irish Hist. Lib., ed. 1776, 9.
Carver, J. Treatise on Arithmetic, 1815.
Carver, Capt. Jonathan, 1732-1780, a native of
Stillwater, Connecticut, commanded a company in the
French War. He travelled 7000 miles, being absent two
years and five months, through the interior portions of
North America, with a design to the public benefit. In
1778 he pub. Travels through the interior parts of North
America in the years 1766, '67, and '68, Lon., 8vo; 3d edit.,
with an account of his Life by Dr. Lettsom, Lon., 1781, Svo.
He died in great poverty, and it was owing to Dr. Lettsom's
account of his sufferings and ill-requited labours for the
English government, that the Literary Fund was established.
Carver also pub. A Treatise on the Culture of the Tobacco
Plant, Lon., 1779, 8vo. The New Universal Traveller,
Lon., 1779, fol. This is not his production, but he is said
350
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to have lent his name to it. An edit. of his Travels was
pub. at Boston in 1797.
There is much information in this work respecting that part
of America which has lately attracted so much attention from its
vicinity to the supposed northwest passage; it is in all other re-
spects, except natural history, an interesting and instructive work."
-Slevenson's Voyages and Travels.
Carver, Marmaduke. Sermons, Lon., 1662, '66, 8vo.
Carwell, Thomas. Labyrinthus Cantuariensis; or
Dr. Laud's Labyrinth, Paris, 1658, fol.
Carwithen, J. B. S., 1781–1832, P. Curate of Sand-
burst, Berks, 1810; of Frimley, Hants, 1814. A View of
the Brahminical Religion, Lon., 1810. Hist. of the Church
of England; 2d edit., Oxf., 1849, 2 vols. sm. 8vo: for re-
view, see Brit. Crit., vii. 45, and xiv. 45.
The Seasons of Life:
Carwithin, Rev. William.
& Poem in four parts, 1788, 8vo.
Cary. Solemn Call to Baptism, 1690, 8vo.
Cary, Anthony, fourth Viscount Falkland, wrote Pro-
logues to The Old Bachelor, and to Otway's Soldier's
Fortune.
Cary, Sir George. Reports of Cases in Chancery,
&c., Lon., 1650; 1655, Svo; 1820, 12mo.
Cary, Henry, Earl of Monmouth. See CAREY.
Cary, Henry, first Viscount Falkland, d. 1633, was
sent to Exeter College, Oxford, at the age of 16, where he
acquired distinction by his talents. He was Comptroller
of the Household, and in 1622 created Lord Deputy of
Ireland. The History of King Edward; pub. from Lord
Falkland's MS. in 1680, fol. and Svo. A Letter to James I.
Epitaph on Elizabeth, Countess of Huntingdon. These
were all that were pub. from a number of MS. works.
"He was a most accomplished gentleman, and complete cour-
tier."-Fuller's Worthies.
"Lord Falkland seems to have been more distinguished by his
rectitude than abilities."-DR. LELAND: Hist. of Ireland.
"Lord Falkland, instead of enriching himself by his great places,
wasted a full fortune at court, in those offices and employments by
which other men use to obtain a greater."-—EARL OF CLARENDON :
Hist. of the Rebellion.
Cary, Henry. Poems on several occasions, Lon., 1720,
12mo; 1729, 4to.
Cary, Henry. Fruit of Pleading, in Sir Edward
Coke's Reports. Lon., 1601, Svo. The Law of England;
or a true Guide for all Persons concerned in Ecclesiastical
Courts, Lon., 1666, 12mo.
Cary, Henry. The Law of Partnership, Lon.,1827,8vo.
"Cary on Partnership has nothing in particular to recommend
it, except it be the addition of new Cases, arising since the publi-
cation of Mr. Gow, (4th edit. of Gow, Lon., 1841, Svo.]”—3 Kent's
Cum., 69.
On the Statutes relating to Offences against the Person,
Lon., 1828, 12mo. A Commentary on the Tenures of Lit-
tleton, written prior to the publication of Coke upon Lit-
tleton. Edited by Henry Cary from the MSS. in the British
Museum, Lon., 1829, Svo. The author of this Commentary
lived temp. James I.; his name is unknown. Some of his
illustrations have been highly commended, but
"As far as authority is concerned, no newly-discovered and
anonymous manuscript can compete with the reputation of the
First Institute." See Hoffman's Legal Study; Marvin's Leg. Bibl.
Cary, Henry, of Worcester College, Oxford, son of
the translator of Dante, &c. Testimonies of the Fathers,
&c., Oxf., 1835, Svo.
"This work may be classed with those of Pearson and Bishop
Bull; and such a classification is not a mean honour."-Church of
England Quarterly.
Memorials of the Great Civil War in England from 1646
to 1652, Lon., 1842, 2 vols. Svo.
"We can safely recommend this work to all lovers of historical
literature."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
Mr. Cary has edited new edits. of his father's Early
French Poets, Lives of English Poets, and trans. of Dante,
and also some of the works of WM. CAVE, (q. v.)
Cary, Henry Francis, 1772-1844, a native of Bir-
mingham, pub. at the age of 15 An irregular Ode to General
Elliott, Lon., 1787, 4to, and in the next year Sonnets and
Odes, 1797, 4to. At 18 he was entered as a Commoner of
Christ Church, Oxford; M.A., 1796; Vicar of Bromley's,
Abbat's, 1797; assistant Librarian in the Brit. Museum,
1826. He was in receipt of a pension from the Govern-
ment of £200 per year. Ode to General Kosciusko, Lon.,
1797, 4to. Inferno of Dante, with an English trans. in
Blank Verse; Notes and Life of the Author, Lon., 1806,
'22, fp. 8vo; 2d edit., with the Inferno, together with the
Purgatorio and Paradiso, 1813, 3 vols. 32mo. A trans. of
the Birds of Aristophanes and of the Odes of Pindar. New
edit. of the trans. of Dante, revised by the translator's sons,
1847, p. 8vo. Lives of English Poets, from Johnson to
Kirke White; designed as a continuation to Johnson's
Lives, edited by Mr. C.'s son, Lon., 1846, 12mo. The Early
French Poets: a Series of Notices and Translations, edited
and with introduc. by Mr. Cary's son, Lon., 1847, 12mo.
The contents of the last two works were originally pub.
anon. in the Old London Magazine. Mr. C. also edited
the poetical works of Pope, Cowper, Milton, Thomson, and
Young. In 1847 (2 vols. p. 8vo) his son, REV. HENRY
CARY, (q. v.) pub. Memoirs of the Rev. Henry Francis
Cary: with his Literary Journal and Letters. Mr. C. was
buried in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey. His trans.
of Dante cannot be too highly commended: its merits were
perceived and brought to public attention by Samuel Taylor
Coleridge.
"Of all the translators of Dante with whom we are acquainted,
Mr. Cary is the most successful; and we cannot but consider his
work as a great acquisition to the English reader. It is executed
with a fidelity almost without example."-Edin. Revino, No. 58.
"Mr. Cary's translation-the best we have ever read of any work."
—Lon. Quarterly Review, July, 1823.
"Cary's version of Dante is universally allowed to be one of the
most masterly productions of modern times.”
"A translation of magnitude and difficulty, executed with per-
fect fidelity and admirable skill."-SOUTHEY.
With Cary's trans., and Flaxman's Designs, the reader
may consider himself in possession of a treasure.
"Mr. Flaxman has translated Dante best, for he has translated
it into the universal language of Nature."
As to the great poet himself, nothing need here be said :-
let timid young poets beware of him, for
6C
Shelley always says, that reading Dante is unfavourable to
writing. from its superiority to all possible compositions."-BYron.
"That wise poet of Florence, bight Dant.”—Chaucer,
the only son of Lucius Cary, the great Lord Falkland, d.
Cary, Henry Lucius, third Viscount Falkland, was
1663, wrote The Marriage Night; a Play, Lon., 1664, 4to;
erroneously ascribed by Wood to his lordship's son.
"Being brought early into the House of Commons, and a grave
senator objecting to his youth, and to his not looking as if he had
sowed his wild oats, he replied with great quickness, Then I am
come to the properest place, where are so many geese to pick them
'"'—HORACE WALPOLE.
up.
"
"He was a man of great abilities, and well versed in every kinā
of literature."-Douglass's Peerage.
"His quick and extraordinary parts and notable spirit performed
much. and promised more."—Lloyd's State Worthies.
"His play contains a great deal of true wit and satire.”—Bing.
Dramal.
"He was cut off in the prime of his years, and was as much missed
when dead as beloved when living: being a person eminent for his
extraordinary parts and heroick spirit."-Langbaine's Dram. Poets.
Acts of the Apostles, with Notes, Lon.,
Cary, J. W.
1842, 18mo.
Cary, John. Rights of the Commons, Lon., 1718, 8vo.
Cary, John, of Bristol. Treatises on Political Eco-
nomy, Politics, and Trade, 1695-1745. Discourse on Trade
and other Matters relative to it, Lon., 1745, Svo.
"However little it deserved such an honour, this work was made
the foundation of a French publication entitled Essai Sur L'Etat
Du Commerce D'Angleterre, 2 vols. post Svo, Paris, 1755.
in all respects a more valuable work than that of Cary."-MCCUL
"The latter, however, contains much additional matter, and is
LOCH: Lit. Polit. Economy.
Cary, or Carey, John. New Itinerary through
England, Wales, &c., Lon., 1798, Svo; 10th edit., 1821, Svo.
"A popular and highly useful work."-LowNDES.
Cary pub. several other topographical works, 1786-1801.
Cary, Lucius, second Viscount Falkland, b. about
Henry, first Viscount Falkland.
1610, killed at the battle of Newbury, 1643, was a son of
Trinity College, Dublin, and became distinguished for his
He was educated at
uncommon proficiency in classical and general literature.
His death at an early age in defence of his sovereign, was
greatly lamented. Speeches, 1640, '41. Draft of a Specch
of Episcopacy, 1644. Discourse upon the Infallibility of
the Church of Rome, 1645, 4to. Holland, a Romish priest,
answered this Discourse. A View of some Exceptions
made against the Discourse on the Infallibility of the
Church of Rome, Oxf., 1646, 4to. Discourse and Reply
printed together, 1651, 4to; with T. White's Answer, Lon.,
1660, 4to. A Letter to Mr. F. M., anno 1636; at the end
of C. Gataker's Answer to Five Copious Questions, &c.,
1673, 4to. His lordship also wrote some other pieces, po-
etical, &c.
Wood says that it was the current opinion of the Uni-
versity of Oxford, that Chillingworth and Falkland had
such extraordinary clear reason, that if the great Turk or
the Devil were to be converted, they were able to do it.
Horace Walpole, with his usual pertness, attempts to
disparage the ardent aulogies with which Falkland's me-
of a Faenza Vase or a Poussin landscape than of the value
mory was honoured; but Horace was a much better judge
of any historical testimony. Hear Lord Clarendon and
other good judges:
"He was a person of such prodigious parts of learning ane
$51
CAR
CAS
knowledge, of that inestimable sweetness and delight in conversa-
tion, of so flowing and obliging a humanity and goodness to man-
kind, and of that primitive simplicity and integrity of life, that
if there were no other brand upon this odious and accursed civil
war than that single loss, it must be most infamous and execrable
to all posterity.”—History of the Rebellion.
"Lord Falkland's usual saying was-I pity unlearned gentle-
men on a rainy day.'"-LLOYD.
"He was the envy of this age. and will be the wonder of the
next."-Triplet's Epist. Dedic. before the Discourse of Infallibility;
1651.
"He was the greatest ornament to our nation that the last age
produced."-Oressy's Epist. Apologetical, 1674.
"As for his parts, which speak him better than any elegy, they
were incomparable, and needed no supplies of industry."Athen.
Ozon.
"A person of great wit, conspicuous for his natural perfections;
in his printed writings there is an incomparable happy mixture of
that great, beautiful, charming thing called wit."-Genuine
mains of Dr. Burlow, 1673.
We will conclude with Suckling's character of this noble
writer :
"He was of late so gone with divinity,
That he had almost forgot his poetry,
Though to say the truth (and Apollo did know it.)
He might have been both his priest and his poet."
The Session of Poets; in Fragmenta Aurea, or Poems, Lon., 1618,
8vo.
Cary, M. Theological treatises, Lon., 1647-53, 4to.
Cary, Mordecai, d. 1752, Bishop of Clonfert, trans-
lated to Killala, 1735. Serm., Jas. i. 27, Dubl., 1744, 4to.
Cary, Philip. Reply to R. Burthegge on Infant
Baptism, Lon., 1684, 12mo.
"It is a most elaborate, learned, judicious, and pious work, con-
Re-taining a rich fund of critical and practical divinity."-DR. E. WIL
LIAMS.
"This is the most ponderous of all the expositions which have
been published on this part of Scripture. . . . It is impossible it
can be useful, as no man can endure the fatigue of toiling through
it. .. While I do justice to the piety and feelings of the writer,
Cary, Richard. Le nécessaire use et fruit de les
Pleadings, conteine en le Livre de Edw. Coke, avesque un
collection de commemorable cases sparsim cite en les argu-
ments de mesme les reports. Al queux est auxi adde, un
pleine et perfect table de les choses conteinus en ycel, Lon.,
1601,8vo. This would appear to be Henry Cary's book, (ante.)
Cary, Robert, Earl of Monmouth. See CAREY.
Cary, Robert, 1615?-1688, great-nephew of Sir
George Cary, Lord Deputy of Ireland temp. Elizabeth,
was a native of Devon. He was admitted of Exeter Col-
lege, Oxford, in 1631; Doctor of Laws, 1644; Archdeacon
of Exeter, 1662. Palæologia Chronica; a Chronological
Account of Ancient Time; in three parts: 1. Didactical.
2. Apodeictical. 3. Canonical, Lon., 1677, fol. This is
an excellent work.
"He was in his young years pretty well skilled in poetry, as well
Latin as English: though he published nothing in this kind, but
those Hymns of our Church, that are appointed to be read after
the Lessons, together with the Creed, &c."-Bing. Brit.
"He was accounted very learned in curious and critical learn-
ing."-Athen. Oxom.
Cary, Samuel, d. 1815, aged 30, a minister of Bos-
ton, Massachusetts, pub. Serms., &c., 1806-15.
Cary, Thomas. Serms., 1691, 4to.
Serms., 1691, 4to. A trans. of the
Sieur de la Serre's Mirrour which flatters not; with some
verses by the translator, 1639, Svo.
"This Booke, which expresseth to thee in a Mirrour a dying life,
and life-devouring Death, layes thee open to thyselfe, reader. in
such a happie shape of truth, and so cleare a light of a sublime
style, that thou canst not scape thyselfe. Gaze hereon often," &c.
Cary, Thomas, d. 1808, aged 63, a minister of New-
buryport, Massachusetts, pub. Serms., &c., 1796–1801.
Cary, Mrs. Virginia, d. 1852. Mutius, a story of
the first century, pub. about 1828. Letters on Female
Education, pub. about 1830. Ruth Churchill. Mrs.
Mrs. Cary
contributed many tales, essays, and poetical compositions.
to the periodicals of the day.
Cary, Carie, or Carye, Walter. A Book of the
Property of Herbes, Lon., Svo, sine anno. The Hammer
for the Stone, 1581, 16mo. Carie's Farewell to Physic,
1583, 12mo; 1587, 16mo; 1611, 8vo.
Cary, Walter, a writer on Political Economy. The
Present State of England, with the Paradox, our Fathers
were very rich with little, and we poor with much, Lon.,
1627, 4to. England's Wants, or Several Proposals proba-
bly beneficial to England; offered to the consideration of
all good Patriots of both Houses of Parliament, Lon.,
1685, Svo.
vol. i. He was a Roman Catholic, and one of the intimate
friends of Alexander Pope.
Caryl, John, supposed to have been a native of Sus-
sex, was secretary to Queen Mary, the consort of James
II., and followed his master after his abdication. He was
rewarded by knighthood, and the title of Earl Caryl and
Baron Dartford. The English Princess, or the Death of
Richard III.; a Tragedy, 1667, 4t Sir Salomon, or the
Cautious Coxcomb; a Comedy, 1671, 4to. The Psalms of
David, trans. from the Vulgate, 1700, 12mo. In Tonson's
edit. of Ovid's Epistles, that of Briseis to Achilles is as-
scribed to Caryl; and he trans. the first Eclogue of Virgil,
pub. in Nichols's Select Collection of Miscellany Poems,
"I have been assured by a most intimate friend of Mr. Pope's,
that the Peer in the Rape of the Lock was Lord Petre; the person
who desired Mr. Pope to write it, old Mr. Caryl of Sussex; and
that what was said of Sir George Brown in it was the very picture
of the man."-Spence's Anecdotes of Pope, Lơn., 1820.
Caryl, Joseph, 1602-1673, an eminent Nonconform-
ist divine, a commoner at Exeter College, Oxford; ap-
pointed one of the Triers for the approbation of ministers,
1653; ejected, 1662.
1653; ejected, 1662. He afterwards preached to a con-
gregation in the neighbourhood of London Bridge. Serms.,
Lon., 1643, '45, '46, '51, '57. Exposition, with Practical
Observations, on the Booke of Job, 1644-66, 12 vols. 4to;
1669, 2 vols. fol.
•
I cannot approve of a mode of treating the word of God, which
partakes more of entombing than of exhibiting it.”—ORME.
"A complete text-book of divinity."
"I have never had an opportunity of examining it; but Walch
eulogizes it in very high terms. (Biblioth. Theol., vol. iv. p. 487.)
It is now very little read, or even consulted; few readers being
able to wade through two large folio volumes.”—T. H. HORNne.
"Spiritual, practical, and evangelical."-Bickersteth,
Mr. Berrie has pub. extracts from Caryl's Exposition of
Job, 18mo.
Carysfort, John Joshua Proby, Earl of. Letter
on Universal Suffrage, &c., 1780, Svo. Thoughts on the
Constitution, 1783, Svo. Revenge of Guendolin: 12
printed. Dramatic and Miscell. Works, Lon., 1810, 2 vols.
cr. Svo.
and they display no inconsiderable stores of poetical expression.'
"Evidently the fruit of a cultivated mind and a correct taste,
-Lon. Monthly Review, 1811.
Case, Charles. Thirteen Serms., 1774, 12mo.
Case, H.
Treatises on the Scurvy, Dropsy, &c.,
1676, Svo.
Case, John, M.D., d. 1600, Fellow of St. John's Col.
lege, Oxford; Prebendary of North Aulton in the Church
nation to which religion was supposed to be the cause of
of Salisbury, 1589. He died a Roman Catholic, an incli-
his abandoning his Fellowship. Summa Veterum Inter-
pretum in universam Logicam Aristotelis, Oxon., 1585,
4to; Francf., 1616, Sro. Speculum Moralium Questionum
in universam Ethicam Aristotelis, Oxon., 1585, 4to;
Francf., 1616, Svo.
"The first book printed at the new press at Oxford."-LOWNDES.
Reflexis Speculis Moralis, &c., Oxon., 1584, '96, 8vo.
The Praise of Musicke, Oxf., 1686, Svo; anon. Wood is
uncertain as to the authorship of this work. Dr. Farmer
attributes it to Case, and Thomas Watson compliments the
same person as the author. See Brit. Bibliographer, ii.
543. Thesaurus Economiæ, &c., Oxf., 1597, '98, 8vo;
Hanov., 1598, Svo. Spæra Civilitatis sive de Politica,
Oxf., 1588, 4to; Francf., 1616, 8vo. Lapis Philosophicus,
&c., Arist. Oxf., 1599, 4to. Other works.
"He was the most noted disputant and philosopher that ever
before set foot in that college, [St. John's, Oxford.]... A man of
an innocent, meek, religious, and studious life, of a facete and af
fable conversation, a lover of scholars, beloved of them again, aud
had in high veneration."-Athen. Ozon.
Case, John, M.D., a famous astrologer and quack,
temp. Anne, was a native of Lyme-Regis, in Dorsetshire.
"He was looked upon as the successor of the famous Lilly,
whose magical utensils, he possessed. These he would sometimes
expose in derision to his intimate friends; and particularly the
dark chamber and pictures, where Lilly used to impose upon
people. under the pretence of showing them persons who were ab
sent. "Biographia; Granger.
،،
Dr. Case erased the verses of his predecessor out of the sign-
post, and substituted in their place two of his own, which were a
follows:
Within this place
Lives Doctor Case.
He is said to have got more by this distich than Mr. Dryden did
by all his works.”—Tatler, No. 240.
Compendium Anatomicum nova arte institutum, Lon.,
1694, 95, 12mo.; Amst., 1696, 12mo. It has been ques-
tioned whether Case really wrote this work. It espouses
the opinion of Harvey and De Graaf as to the generation
of quadrupeds and other animals ab ovo. The Words of
the Key to Helmont, &c., Lon., 1682, 4to. Medical Ex-
positor, 1698, 12mo. The Angelical Guide, shewing Men
and Women their Lot and Chance in this elementary Life,
Lon., 1697, 8vo.
world ever saw. The diagrams would probably have puzzled Eų-
"This is one of the most profound astrological pieces that the
clid, though he had studied astrology. I have seen the doctor's
352
CAS
CAS
head pasted into a portfolio, amidst these strange diagrams, with six years a resident, in his work entitled France: its King,
the following motto:
Thron'd in the centre of his dark designs.'
Immediately after the unintelligible hieroglyphic inscribed 'Adam
in Paradiso,' is this passage, which I have selected as a specimen
Court, and Government. See Outlines of the Life and Cha-
racter of General Cass, by H. R. Schoolcraft, Albany, 1848,
8vo; Sketches of the Life and Public Services of General
Cass, by Wm. T. Young, Detroit, 1852, 8vo: Fifty Years
of Public Life: The Life and Times of Lewis Cass, by
W. L. G. Smith, N. York, 1856, 8vo.
of the work :
"Thus Adam was created in that pleasant place Paradise, about
the year before Christ 4002, viz.. on April 24, at twelve o'clock, or
midnight. Now, this place Paradise is in Mesopotamia, where the
pole is elevated 34 deg. 30 min., and the sun riseth four hours
sooner than under the elevation of the pole at London.'"-Gran-
ger's Bing. Hist.
"The following authentic anecdote of Case was communicated
to me by the Rev. Mr. Gosling, in these terms:
"Dr. Maundy, formerly of Canterbury, told me, that, in his
travels abroad, some eminent physician, who had been in England,
gave him a token to spend at his return with Dr. Radcliffe and Dr.
Case. They fixed on an evening, and were very merry, when Dr.
Radcliffe thus began a health: · Here, brother Case, to all the fools,
your patients.' I thank you, good brother,' replied Case; 'let mé
have all the fools, and you are heartily welcome to the rest of the
practice."-Granger's Biog. History.
Case, Luella J. B., a native of New Hampshire, is
a daughter of Mr. Bartlett, and was married in 1838 to Mr.
E. Case. She is at present a resident of Cincinnati. Her
contributions, both in prose and verse, to periodicals, "have
been generally admired."- Woman's Record.
Case, R. J. Comment. on Proverbs of Solomon,
1822, 12mo.
T
Cassan, Stephen Hyde, 1789-1841, presented to
the living of Bruton, with Wyke, Champflower, 1831.
bury, 705-1824, Salisb., 1824, 8vo. Lives of the Bishops
Lives and Memoirs of the Bishops of Sherborne and Salis-
of Winchester, from Birinus to the present time, Lon.,
1827, 2 vols. 8vo. Lives of the Bishops of Baths and Wells,
from the earliest to the present time, 1829, 8vo. Conside-
rations respecting the Corporation and Test Acts, Lon.,
1828, 8vo.
†
Cassin, John, born 1813, in Delaware county, Penn.
Distinguished Ornithologist. Illustrations of the Birds of
California and Texas, 8vo, 1855, Phil. Zoology of the U.
S. Exploring Expedition, vol. viii., (Quadrupeds and Birds,)
4to, 1855. Zoology of Gilliss's U. S. Astronomical Expe-
dition to Chili, 1855, 4to. American Ornithology: A Gene-
ral Synopsis of N. American Ornithology; containing De-
Case, Thomas, 1599–1682, a Nonconformist divine, scriptions and Figures of all N. American Birds not given
student of Christ Church, Oxford, 1616, was ejected from by former American Authors, after the manner and de-
the living of Erpingham, Norfolk; afterwards Rector of signed as a continuation of the Works of Audubon; 50
St. Giles in the Fields, &c. He pub. many sermons, 1641-coloured plates, Phila., 1856, Svo. Ornithology of Icono-
76, and was the originator and one of the writers of the graphic Encyclopedia, N.Y., 1851. For many years Mr.
celebrated Morning Exercises, at Cripplegate, St. Giles in Cassin bas been an active member of the Academy of Na
the Fields, and Southwark, Lon., 1677-90, 6 vols. 4to; tural Sciences, Philadelphia, and has contrib. many articles
new edit., by James Nichols, Lon., 1846, 8vo.
to its Journal since 1844.
"In fine, the six volumes will give you such a variety, both of
matters and of talents, that I could wish you not to be without
them."-DR. Cotton Mather.
Case, Rev. Wheeler. Poems, &c., N. Haven, 1778.
Revolutionary Memorials; embracing Poems by Rev. W.
C., N. York, 1852.
Case, William. Serms., Lon., 1616, 4to.
Case, William, Jr. The Minstrel's Youth; with
other Poems, 1801, 12mo. Pictures of British Female
Poesy, 1803, 12mo.
Casino. A Mock-Heroic Poem, Salish., 4to.
Casley, David. Report of Committee on Cottonian
Library, &c., with an Appendix, by D. C., Lon., 1732, fol.
A Catalogue of the MSS. of the King's Library, an appen-
dix to the Cottonian Library; with 150 Specimens of the
manner of Writing in different Ages from the 3d to the 15th
century. The "MSS. of the King's Library" were a part
of the munificent donation of George II. to the British
Museum. It comprises the literary treasures collected by
the sovereigns of England from the time of Henry VII.
The magnificent library of George III., including 80,000
volumes, which cost his majesty £130,000, was also confer-
red upon the nation by George IV. The most important
donation to the British Museum, with the above exception,
was the library of the Right Hon. Thomas Grenville, con-
taining 20,240 volumes, which cost upwards of £54,000, and
would bring more money at the present period. See Sims's
Handbook to the Library of the British Museum, Lon., 1854.
We should not omit to mention that Mr. Casley compiled
the Catalogue of the Harleian MSS. from 2405 to 5709.
Cason, Edmond. Letters relating to the redemption
of the Captives in Algiers, Lon., 1647.
Cass, General Lewis, LL.D., b. October 9, 1782, at
Exeter, New Hampshire, was called to the Bar in 1802;
elected a member of the Ohio legislature in 1806: served
in the war against England 1812-14; appointed Governor
of Michigan 1813; which post he held until 1831, when
he became Secretary of War, under General Jackson. In
1836 he was appointed minister to France, and discharged
the duties of this important post until 1842, when he re-
quested to be recalled. In 1848 he was a candidate for the
Presidency of the United States, and received the electoral
votes of half the States of the Union. In the hall of the
Senate at Washington General Cass long held a com-
manding influence. In 1857 he was appointed Secre-
tary of State of the United States. As a writer, he
is entitled to no ordinary commendation. Specimens of
his style and argumentative powers may be seen in his In-
quiries respecting the History, Traditions, Languages, &c.
of the Indians living within the United States, Detroit,
1823, 8vo, and in the Historical and Scientific Sketches of
Michigan, delivered by General C. and Messrs. Whiting,
Biddle, and Schoolcraft. See also the North American
Review, Nos. 1. and lv. General Cass has given to the
world his impressions of the country in which he was for
Cassel, James, M.D. Med. Advice to Masters of
Ships, 1814, 18mo.
Castamore. Conjugium
Conjugium Languens, Lon., 1700, 4to:
on the Mischiefs arising from Conjugal Infidelity.
Castell, Edmund, 1606-1685, a native of Hatley,
in Cambridgeshire, was entered of Emanuel College,
Cambridge, 1621; he afterwards removed to St. John's
College for convenience of access to the library, in the
preparation of his great work, the Lexicon Heptaglotton,
Hebraicum, Chaldaicum, Syriacum, Samaritanum, Ethio-
picum, Arabicum, conjunctim; et Persicum separatim, &c.,
Londini, 1669, 2 vols. fol. Some copies are dated 1686.
This was intended as a companion to Bishop Walton's
Biblia Sacra Polyglotta, Londini, 1657, 6 vols. fol. Castell
assisted upon this work, also, and laid out more than £1090
upon it. His own Lexicon occupied him for eighteen years,
and cost him more than £12,000, and when completed, it lay
upon his hands as dead stock, with the exception of a few
copies sold. He received some preferments, but nothing
to compensate him for his time and expense. In 1666 he
was made King's Chaplain, and Arabic Professor at Cam-
bridge; in 1688, Prebendary of Canterbury. The vicarage
of Hatfield, Essex, and subsequently the rectory of Wode-
ham Walter, were bestowed upon him. His last preferment
was the rectory of Higham Gobion, Bedfordshire. He
pub. some learned pieces, 1660, '67, 4to. About 500 copies,
it is supposed, of his Lexicon were unsold at the time of
his death.
his death. A melancholy fate was theirs! Hear the sad
! tale:
*6
trix. in a room of one of her tenant's houses, at Martin, in Surrey,
These were placed by Mrs. Crisp. Dr. Castell's niece and execu
where, for many years, they lay at the mercy of the rats: who de
stroyed them in such a manner, that, on the lady's death, her ex-
ecutors could scarcely form one complete copy out of them. The
whole load of learned rags sold for £7."-Biog. Brit.
It was a happy thing that the good old man never saw
that sight!
To Dr. Lightfoot's assistance he was greatly indebted.
Whilst preparing this work, Castell maintained in his own
house and at his own expense seven Englishmen and seven
foreigners as writers; all of whom died before the work
was completed. His reference to his desolate situation and
ill-requited labours at the end of the third page of the Pre-
face, is truly affecting:
"Socios quidem habui hoc opere, sed perexiguo tempore mecum
in illo commorantes, nescio an dicam, immensitate laboris plane
exteritos. Per pleures annos, jam ætate provectus, et una cum
patrimonio satis competenti, exhaustis etiam animi viribus, oculis
caligantibus, corporis variis in hoc opere confractis, et dislocatis
membris, relictus sum solus, sine amanuensi, aut vel correctore
??
So industrious an author was Castell, that be informs us,
not toil sixteen or eighteen hours either at the Polyglot or Lexicon."
“I considered that day as idle and dissatisfactory in which I did
clares that "all the publishers of Polyglots have been
Mr. Disraeli, referring to Castell's sad experience, de-
ruined."
Such were the melancholy circumstances under which the Lexl.
con of Castell was composed; a work which has long challenged
M
23
353
CAS
CAT
1
The admiration, and defied the competition, of foreigners; and
which, with the great Polyglot of Walton, its inseparable and in-
valuable companion, has raised an eternal monument of literary
fame."-Dildin's Greek and Latin Classics.
|
"It is probably the greatest and most perfect work of the kind
ever performed by human industry and learning.”—DR. CLARKE.
See Dibdin's Greek and Latin Classics; Horne's Intro-
duc. to the Scriptures; Orme's Bibl. Bib.; Biog. Brit.
Castell, Robert. Villas of the Ancients, 1728, fol.
Castell, William. A Petition exhibited to the High
Court of Parliament, for the Propagating the Gospel in
America and the West Indies, and for settling our Colonies
there, 1641, 4to. A Short Discoverie of the Coasts of the
Continent of America, from the Equinoctiall Northward,
und of the Adjacent Isles, Lon., 1644, 4to. See Osburne's
Voyages, ii. 733, 1745.
Castildine. Annual Tables of the Taxes, 1803, '04, &c.
Castle, George. The Chymical Galenist, Lon., Sro;
containing Reflections upon March Nudhome's Medela
Medicine.
Castle, William. Treatise against the Jesuits, 1642,4to.
Castlehaven, James Touchet, Earl of, Baron
Audley. Memoirs of his Engagement and Carriage in the
Wars of Ireland, 1642-51; 1680, 12mo; suppressed, and
very rare; 2d edit., enlarged, 1684.
"}
"I lay these my Memoirs at your Majestie's feet, and I pass them
on my word not to contain a lie, or a mistake, to my knowledge.'
—Dedication to James II., afterwards cancelled.
See a specimen, and a notice, of tracts elicited by this
volume in Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors; also see
Athen. Oxon.
"James, Duke of Ormond, finding himself and his government
of Ireland therein reflected upon with great disadvantage, as he
thought, he wrote and published a letter to the Earl of Anglesey,
dated at Dublin, Nov. 12, 1681, to vindicate himself. Anglesey
thereupon made a reply in another, &c."—Athen. Oxon.
"If this lord, [Castlehaven,] who led a very martial life. had not
taken pains to record his own actions. (which however he has done
with great frankness and ingenuity,) we should know little of his
story, our historians scarce mentioning him."-HORACE WALPOle.
Castlemain, Roger Palmer, Earl of, husband
of the infamous Duchess of Cleveland, was ambassador
from James II. to the Pope, of which Embassy an account
was pub. by Michael Wright in Italian, Rom., 1687; in
English, with addits., Lon., 1688, fol. "A splendid book."
His lordship pub, several works. An Account of the pre-
An Account of the pre-
Fent War between the Venitians and the Turks, Lon.,
1666, sm. 12mo.
.
"In the dedication he discovers that the Turk is the Great Le
viathan, and that renegades lose their talents for sea affairs."-
HORACE WALPOLE.
A Short and True Account of the material Passages in
the late War between the English and Dutch in the Savoy,
1671, 8vo. Manifesto, 1681, sm. 8vo. This is a defence
of himself from Tuberville's charge that he was concerned
in the popish plot. An Apology in behalf of the Papists,
8vo; reprinted and answered by Dr. Lloyd, Bishop of St.
Asaph, Lon., 1667, 4to; this led to a controversy, which
produced several tracts. See Biog. Brit. and Park's Wal-
pole's R. and N. Authors. The Compendium; or a short
View of the Trials in relation to the present [Popish] plot,
Lon., 1679, 4to.
"This piece is ascribed to him, but I cannot affirm it to be of his
writing. I believe he wrote other things, but I have not met with
them."-HORACE WALPOLE.
Castleman, John. Serm., 1744, 4to.
Castleman, Richard. His Voyage, Shipwreck,
and Miraculous Escape, with a description of Pennsylva-
nia, and the City of Philadelphia. This will be found ap-
pended to the account of the Voyages and Adventures of
Captain Robert Boyle, Lon., 1726, 8vo, pp. 374.
"Boyle's narrative is probably a fictitious one; but that of
Castleman bears marks of authenticity. The latter's visit to
Philadelphia took place in 1710. Boyle's Voyages have been often
reprinted; but Castleman's relation is only to be found in the
early editions."-Rich's Bibliotheca Americana Nova.
Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Lord Viscount,
1769-1822, a distinguished statesman. Speeches: viz.,
On the Union, Lon., 1800, 8vo; Bullion Committee, 1811,
8vo; R. Catholic Petitions, 1810, 8vo; Earl Stanhope's
Bill, 1811, 8vo. Memoirs and Correspondence, edited by
his brother, the Marquis of Londonderry, Lon., 1848-51,
8 vols. 8vo.
"The work is equally valuable to the historian and the poli
tician."-John Bull.
"This valuable publication gives us a new insight into history.
We are always thankful to get State Papers at length.”—Lon.
Athenæum.
"I cannot adequately express the gratification and interest
these papers have afforded me. I consider them as invaluable
materials for history."-Sir Archibald Alison.
Castlereagh, Lord - Viscount, Marquis of
Londonderry, nephew of the preceding. Narrative of
his Journey to Damascus from Egypt, Nubia, Arabia
Petræa, Palestine, and Syria, with illustrations, Lon.,
1847, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"These volumes are replete with new impressions, and are espe
cially characterized by great power of lively and graphic descrip
tion."-Lon. New Monthly Mag.
"Lord Castlereagh's Journey includes his lordship's voyage up
the Nile to the second cataract-his account of the Pyramids,
Luxor, Philæe, Thebes, and all the wonderful monuments of the
ancient world accessible to the traveller-his visits to Mount Sinai
and other places famous in Biblical history-his descriptions of
his characteristic sketches of the modern Egyptians, Arabs, Ar
Bethlehem, Jerusalem, and the sacred localities of Christianity--
menians, Jews, Druses, and Turks, and his personal recollections
of Mehemet Ali and the nobles of his Court, the great Sheiks of
the Desert, and the Princesses of the Lebanon. To future tourists
in the East the work will be extremely valuable."-Lon. Globe.
Castles, John. Sugar Ants, Phil. Trans., 1790.
Castres, Abr. Suppressing Beggary, Lon., 1726, 4to.
Castro, Chris. Merchant's Assistant, Lon., 1742, Svn.
Casus, John. See CASE.
Caswall, E.
Serms., Lon., 1846, 8vo.
Caswall, George. The Trifler; a Satire, 1767, 4to.
Caswall, Henry. America and the American Church,
Lon., p. Svo, 1849.
Lon., p. Svo, 1849. The Prophet of the 19th Century,
or the Rise, &c. of the Mormons or Latter Day Saints,
1843, p. Svo. City of the Mormons, 12mo, 1842. Mr.
of consummate hypocrisy, stupid credulity, and disgusting
Caswall gives an interesting account of the vilest system
licentiousness, which the present day has witnessed. It
is to be hoped that the leaders of this wicked delusion-
who openly set the laws of God and man at defiance—will
speedily be arrested by that Justice which has too long
slumbered. To call such a system as Mormonism a “re-
ligion," is something worse than ridiculous.
Caswell, John. Mathemat. Con. to Phil. Traus.,
1695-1704.
Catcott, A. S. Theological treatises.
Catcott, Alexander. Eighteen Sermons, Lon.,
1752, Svo; 1767, Svo.
Treatise on the Deluge, Lon., 1762, Svo; 1767, 8vo.
Separate Serms., 1736, &c. A
"This work is framed on the principles of Hutchinson, and con-
tains what the author considers a full explanation of the Scripture
history of the flood. . . . Parkhurst speaks very respectfully of it
in his Hebrew Lexicon. Mr. Catcott was the author of several
single sermons; all of them strongly marked with the peculiarities
He also wrote a Latin
of his philosophico-theological system.
work On the True and Sacred Philosophy, 'as lately explained by
John Hutchinson, Esq. This has been lately translated, and pub-
lished, with notes. &c., by A. Maxwell, Lou., 1821, Svo."—ORME.
"Catcott was the most celebrated, next to Spearman, of the
IIutchinsonian philosophical school."
"One of the best of the school of Hutchinson, though he par-
took somewhat of the spirit, and entered into the visious, of his
preceptor."-Elin. Review.
Catesby, Mark, 1680 ?-1749, an eminent naturalist,
resided in Virginia from 1712 to 1719, and on his return
to England was persuaded by Sir Hans Sloane and other
naturalists to revisit America for the purpose of delineat-
ing the botanical and zoological curiosities which he might
discover. He arrived at Carolina in 1722, and spent about
three years on the Continent, and some time in the Baha-
ma Islands; returning to England in 1726. He pub. in
numbers, from 1731 to 1748, The Natural History of Caro-
lina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands, 2 vols. fol. The
figures were etched by himself; new edit., revised by
George Edwards, 1754, 2 vols. fol.; another edit., with a
Linnæan Index and Appendix, 1771, 2 vols. fol.
figures of many of the most beautiful trees, shrubs, and herbaceous
"In this splendid performance, the curious are gratified with the
plants that adorn the gardens of the present time." See Pultency's
Sketches of Botany; Rich's Americana Bibliotheca Nova.
"The most valuable contribution to modern history that we
know of. Without these records it is impossible for any man to
say that up to this moment he has had the opportunity of know-
ing the real history of the Irish Rebellion and Union."-Lon.
Morning Herald.
Hortus Europa Americanus, Lon., 1767, fol. (posth.)
On Birds of Passage. Vide Phil. Trans., 1747. Hia
name has been perpetuated by Gronovius in the plant de-
nominated Catesbaia. Weston ascribes to him The Prac-
tical Farmer, or Herefordshire Husbandman, 12mo. A
Plan of an Experimental Farm, 8vo. Uniting and Monopo.
* A
Morning Chronicle.
4 work of the highest and most universal interest."-Lon. lizing Farms proved disadvantageous to the Landowners
1792, 8vo; account of a descent into this cavern.
Catcott, George J., or S. Pen Park Hole, Brist.,
Cateline, Jeremy. Rules, &c. of the Ordinence of
Parliament, 1648, Svo.
Cater, Samuel. Apostate Conscience, Lon., 1683, 8vo.
Catesby, Lady Juliet. Letters to Lady Camply,
1760, 12mo.
354
CAT
CAT
Cathcart, Hon. George, Major-General, K.C.B.,
Governor and Commander-in-Chief at the Cape of Good
Hope, b. 1794, third son of the late Earl Cathcart, has
served in the army in various parts of the world, and was
aide-de-camp to the Duke of Wellington at the battle of
Waterloo. He sailed from England, February 7, 1852,
shortly after his appointment, to assume his duties at the
Cape of Good Hope. He has lately pub. Commentaries
on the War in Russia and Germany, 1812-13.
#
"This humble, but authentic, contribution to the general stock
of materials from which historical knowledge is to be derived, is
offered as the testimony of an eye-witness of much he has recorded,
and one who had peculiar opportunities of correct information re-
specting the rest.”—Author's Preface.
"We owe Colonel Catheart's solid and unpretending volume a
notice. Sound, concise, and pregnant. It seems to us to be
equally valuable for its facts and its commentaries."-Lon. Quart.
Review.
•· ••
As a treatise on the Science of War, these Commentaries ought
to find their way into the hands of every soldier. In them is to
be found an accurate record of events of which no military man
should be ignorant.”—Lon. Morning Chronicle.
We have to add to the above that, in Dec., 1853, Major-
Gen. Cathcart was appointed Adjutant-General to the
Forces, vice Lieut.-Gen. Sir George Brown, K.C.B., re-
signed. Major-Gen. C. was one of the first victims to the de-
solating spirit of war which raged in the Crimea 1853–55.
Cathcart, John. Letter to Admiral Vernon, Lon.,
1744, Svo.
Catherall, Samuel. Serm. and other publications,
1692-1721.
Catherine Parr, d. 1548, sixth and last consort of
Henry VIII., wrote Queen Catherine Parr's Lamentation
of a Sinner bewailing the ignorance of her blind Life;
found among her papers after her death, and pub. with a
preface by Secretary Cecil, (afterwards Lord Burleigh,)
Lon., 1548, and 1563, 8vo.
"This was a contrite meditation on the years she had passed in
popery, in fasts and pilgrimages." See Walpole's R. & N. Authors.
In her lifetime she pub. Prayers or Meditations, wherein
the mynd is stirred patiently to suffre all afflictions here,
to set at nought the vaine prosperitie of this world, and
always to long for the everlastynge felicitee. Collected
out of (certayne) holy woorkes by the most virtuous and
gracious princesse Katherine, queene of Englande, France,
and Irelande. Printed by John Wayland, 1545, 12mo,
and 1546, '47, '48, and '63: these early edits. have been
sold for 3 to 7 guineas, according to condition. It was re-
pub. by the Religious Tract Society, Lon., 1831, c. 64mo,
and it will be found in The Writings of the British Re-
formers, (Lon., 12 vois. 12mo.) vol. xi.
Catherwood, John, M.D. Apoplexia, Lon., 1715,
'35, Svo.
Cathrall, Isaac, M.D., d. 1819, aged 55, a physician
of Philadelphia, studied in that city, and in London, Edin-
burgh, and Paris. During the prevalence of the yellow
fever in Philadelphia, he attended the sick, and even dis-
sected those who died of the disease. He died of the
apoplexy. Remarks on the Yellow Fever, 1794. An edit.
of Buchan's Domestic Medicine, with Notes, 1797. Con.
to Annals of Med., Lon., 1798; to Med. Facts, 1800; to
Trans. Amer. Philos. Society, (on the Black Vomit,) 1800.
In conjunction with Dr. Currie, a pamphlet on the Yellow
Fever, 1802.
+
Hall, Piccadilly, London, 1841, 2 vols. r. 8vo; 5th edit.
1846, £2 2,.
"Mr. Catlin is the historian of the Red Races of mankind; of
past world, or at least of a world fast passing away, leaving hardly
à trace or wreck behind. Eight years has he devoted to this me
morable task, and with his pen and pencil has brought the ex-
istence of these wild and uncivilized beings so vividly before our
eyes, that we seem to have accompanied him in his wanderings,
seen them, mixed with them, and impressed the recollection of
their forms and features, their costumes, strange customs, feasts,
ceremonies. religious rites, wars. dances, sports, and other modes
of life, distinctly upon our minds. And it is impossible not to be
led away by his devoted enthusiasm, and feel, like himself, a deep
concern for these remaining children of the prairie and the forest,
the last fragment of dying nations, and, with all the errors of their
condition, a splendid variety of the genus Man.”—Lon. Lilerury
Guzelte.
"A unique work: a book of extraordinary interest and value;
we need not recommend it to the world, for it is beyond all praise."
—L'm. Athenæum.
"One of the most valuable books that has appeared in the pre-
sent century. We predict the greatest success for this work."
Lon. Planet.
"A faithful and well-authenticated declaration, not only of a
most interesting portion of the globe, as it at present exists, in a
state of nature, but of a race of innocent, unoffending men so
rapidly perishing, that too truly it may be said of them,
'Apparent rari nantes in gurgite vasto.""
Lon. Quarterly Review.
The North American Portfolio of Hunting Scenes, and
Amusements of the Rocky Mountains and Prairies of
America; from Drawings and Notes of the Author, made
during Eight Years' Travel amongst Forty-Eight of the
Wildest and most Remote Tribes of Savages in North
America, large fol.; 25 plates and 25 pp. of letter-press,
£5 58.; coloured and mounted, Lon., 1844.
Notes of Eight Years' Travel and Residence in Europe
with his North American Collection, Lon., 1848, 2 vols. 8vo.
This amusing work contains anecdotes and incidents of the
Travels and Adventures of three different parties of American
Indians whom the author introduced to the Courts of England,
France, and Belgium."
Catlin, J. J., D.D., of Massachusetts, d. 1826, aged
68. Compendium of the System of Divine Truth, 2d edit.,
1825, 12mo.
Catlow, Agnes. Popular Field Botany, Lon., 16mo;
3d edit., 1852.
**
The plants are classed in months, the illustrations are nicely
coloured. and the book is altogether an elegant as well as useful
present."-Illustrated London News.
"We recommend Miss Catlow's Popular Botany to favourable
notice."-Lon. Gardeners Chronicle.
Popular British Entomology, r. 16mo; 2d edit., 1852.
6.
• Judiciously executed, with excellent figures of the common
species, for the use of young beginners."—Annual Address the
President of the Lon. Entomological Society.
A treasure to any one just commencing the study of this fasci-
nating science.”—-Westminster and Foreign Quarterly Review.
Popular Scripture Zoology, 1852, Svo.
"A short and clear account of the animals mentioned in the
Bible."-Lon. Guardian.
Popular Conchology, 1842, fp. Svo.
"An admirable little work."-St. James's Chronicle.
<<
A pleasant, useful, and well-illustrated volume.”—Prof. Jame-
son's Philosoph. Journal.
Drops of Water, 12mo, 1851.
"The plates are scarcely inferior to those of the well-known
Ehrenberg."-Liverpool Standard.
The Conchologist's Nomenclature, by A. C., assisted by
Lovell Reeve, 8vo, 1845. Brit. Verteb. Animals, 1845, Svo.
"Miss Catlow's abilities as a naturalist, and her tact in popular-
izing any subject she undertakes, are too well known to need itera-
tion on this occasion."-Lon. Notes and Queries.
"He was a judicious physician, a skilful anatomist and sur-
geon; a man of rigid morality and inflexible integrity; and truly
estimable in the relations of a son, husband, and father." See
Thacher's Med. Biography.
Catlew, Samuel. Theological and Educational
works, 1788-1808.
Catley, Ann. Memoirs of, by Miss Ambross, 1790,
Svo; another, entitled Life and Memoirs of A. C. sine anno.
Catlin, George, is well known for his eight years'
adventures among the North American Indians in his per-
severing investigations into the manners and customs of
a people who will soon be only known by the records of
Mr. Catlin, and gentlemen who have laboured in the same
field. Mr. C. took a number of Indians, and many of
their national curiosities, with him to Europe, and at-
tracted much attention by his interesting exhibitions.
"The public has fully confirmed the opinion we formerly pro-
nounced on Catlin's Indian Gallery, as the most interesting exhi-British Magazine.
bition which, in our recollection, had been opened in London."-
Lon. Athenæum.
Catlyn, John. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1742, '50: 1.
Transit of Mercury over the Disk of the Sun. 2. Obs. of
a Lunar Eclipse.
Caton, T. Motte, M.D. Med. treatises, 1807,'08,'11,'12.
Caton, William. Moderatus Inquisitor resolutus,
Lon., 1660, Svo. Journal of his Life, 1689, ito.
Cattell, Joseph. Sermons, 1711, '15, Svo.
Cattell, Thomas. Assize sermons, 1734, 4to.
Cattermole, Richard, Vicar of Little Marlow, Bucks.
Sermons preached in the District Church of St. Matthew's,
Brixton, 1832, Svo.
They set forth the doctrines of the Gospel simply and truly,
and they give exactly that quiet instruction on ordinary points of
divinity which we conceive to be necessary for the kind of congre
gation which is always found in or near London, or great towns."
The Book of the Cartoons, Svo.
"An elegantly-written volume.”—Lon. Spectator.
The Literature of the Church of England, 2 vols. Svo
A work of great value. The Sacred Classics, 30 vols. 12me
"Many standard and useful treatises."-BICKERSTETH.
Illustrated Hist. of the Great Civil War of the Times o
Illustrations of the Manners, Customs, and Condition
of the North American Indians, written during Eight
Years of Travel and Adventure among the Wildest and
most Remarkable Tribes now existing. With above 300
steel-plate illustrations, taken from the numerous Paint-Charles I. and Cromwell; with 29 engravings from draw
ings in his Indian Museum, now exhibiting in Egyptian ings by George Cattermole, Lon., 1846, '52, 2 vols. Svo.
355
CAT
CAV
•
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"Mr. Cattermole knows well how to give force to those stirring
movements which were the turning points in the great contest;
his narrative is never prolix, or wanting in matter, and his style
is carefully preserved from inflation."-Lon. Morning Chronicle.
Mr. George Cattermole's abilities as an artist are well
known. His Portfolio of 12 beautiful drawings was issued
in 1848; £6 68.
Cattley, Stephen. Speech on Bullion, 1811, Svo.
Catton, Charles, Jr. Animals from Nature, 1788, fol.
Catty, Lewis. Elements of French Grammar.
Caudry, Thomas. The Accidence, 1606, 4to.
Caulfield, D. D., R. C. Bishop of Wexford. Reply
to Sir R. Musgrave, 1801, Svo.
Caulfield, J. The Memoirs of Paphos, or Triumph
of Love; a Poem, Lon., 1777, 4to.
Caulfield, James. Portraits, Memoirs, and Charac-
ters of Remarkable Persons temp. Edw. III. to the Revo-
lution, Lon., 1794, '95, 2 vols. 4to; 1813, 3 vols. r. Svo;
illustrating Granger; from the Revolution 1688 to end of
the reign of Geo. III., 1819, '20, 4 vols. 4to; temp. Jas. I.
and Chas. I., 1814, 2 vols. fol. Hist. of the Gunpowder
Plot, 1796, Svo; 1804, 8vo. Chalcographimania; the Print-
seller's Chronicle and Collector's Guide to the Knowledge
and Value of engraved British Portraits, Lon., 1814, Svo.
"Notwithstanding the playful vein of ironical satire that cha-
racterizes the ensuing pages. I think it expedient to acquaint my
readers that the information is not the mere result of a few months'
inquiry, but owes its foundation to many years' research into, and
connexion with, the Mysteries of Chalcographian and other Ma-
nias."-Preface.
Caulkins, Francis M., born in Conn. Tract Primer.
Bible Primer, pub. by the Am. Tract Soc. Hist of Norwich,
Conn., Svo, pp. 358, 1845. Hist. of New London, Conn.,
Svo. pp. 680, 1852.
Caundishe, Richard. The Image of Nature and
Grace; containing the whole course and condition of Man's
Estate, Lon., 1574, Svo.
Caunter, G. H. Hand Book of Chemistry, 1840, 12mo.
Caunter, Hobart, of St. James's Chapel, Lambeth.
24 Sermons, 1832, Svo.
The style, if not quite pure, is fluent and easy; the doctrine
sound. and the applications often forcible and striking."-British
Magazine.
Bible with Explanatory Notes, Lon., 1836, 8vo; pub. in
Nos. Romance of India, 3 vols. p. Svo. Eastern Legends,
p. Svo.
The Oriental Annual was for five years indebted
for its attractions to the pen of Hobart Caunter, and the
pencil of William Daniel.
6.
Mr. Caunter's literary productions are too well appreciated to
require comment."
Caunter, John Hobart, of Kensington, London,
1794-1852. The Island Bride; a Poem, Lon., p. 8vo, 1830.
Serms. 1832, 3 vols. 8vo. The Poetry of the Pentateuch,
1839, 2 vols. Svo. Serms. on the Lord's Supper and the
Eight Beatitudes, 1849, 8vo. Other works.
Caurvana, Philippo.
Oration to Q. Mary, Lon.,
1601, 4to.
Natura, Philosophica, et Ars, in concordia,
Cauty, W.
Lon., 1772, 8vo.
Cauvin, Joseph, assistant editor of Brande's Dic-
tionary of Science, Literature, and Art, Lon., 1842, 8vo.
(See BRANDE, W. T.) New edit. of Lempricre's Classical
Dictionary, abridged from Anthon and Barker's; with
Corrections, Improvements, and Additions, so numerous as
to render it almost a new work, Lon., 1845, p. 8vo.
"Throughout the whole work, the Editor. keeping in view the
class of persons for whom it is especially intended, has studiously
aimed at delicacy of language and sentiment.”
Cave, Edward, 1691-1754, the projector of The
Gentleman's Magazine, and foster-father of many poor
authors, can claim a place amongst the class whom he so
nobly befriended. He wrote an Account of Criminals, and
was employed by the Company of Stationers to correct the
Gradus ad Parnassum. As the founder of that invaluable
periodical-to which this volume is deeply indebted-The
Gentleman's Magazine-he is entitled to lasting honour.
The first number was issued in January, 1731, and Johnson,
writing in 1754, (see his Life of Cave, in Gent. Mag. for
February,) remarks,
brary!" It is probably known to the reader, that in the
commencement of Dr. Johnson's literary career, he drew
his chief means of support from his contributions to the
Gentleman's Magazine.
The Gentleman's Magazine, begun and carried on by Mr. Ed-
ward Cave, under the name of Sylvanus Urban, had attracted the
notice and esteem of Johnson, in an eminent degree, before ho
came to London as an adventurer in literature. He told me that
when he first saw St. John's Gate. the place where that deservedly
popular miscellany was originally printed, he beheld it with
reverence.'
C
Cave treated the needy young author with great kind-
ness. He little thought that the highest honour which
would attach to his name would be the fact of this then
obscure contributor's becoming his biographer. See John-
son's Life of Cave, and Boswell's Johnson.
The publisher devoted himself to the prosperity of his
magazine with a zeal seldom equalled:
"Cave never looked out of his window but with a view to the
Gentleman's Magazine. . . . He used to sell ten thousand; yet
such was then his minute attention and anxiety that the sale
should not suffer the smallest decrease, that he would name a par-
ticular person who he heard had talked of leaving off the Maga-
zine, and would say 'Let us have something good next month.'"
DR. JOHNSON.
ba
> >>
It is interesting in this connexion to remark, that after
the death of Edward Cave, in 1754, The Gentleman's Ma-
gazine was continued by David Henry, Edward Cave's
brother-in-law, and R. Cave.
brother-in-law, and R. Cave. David Henry was connected
with this periodical until his death, in 1792, having "for
more than half a century taken an active part in the
management of the Gentleman's Magazine.' In 1778
John Nichols-a name which we never mention or write
without emotions of respect and affection-obtained a
share in the Magazine, and rendered it more valuable than
at any period of its former history. Edmund Burke en-
titled it "one of the most chaste and instructive miscella-
nies of the age:"-Dr. Warton wrote to Nichols-" under
your guidance it is become one of the most useful and en-
tertaining miscellanies I know ;"—and Edward Gibbon
urged him to make a selection for future reference from
its overflowing pages. On the death of Mr. Nichols, in
1826, the magazine descended to his son-the surviving
partner-and the last number, i. e. for October, 1854, bears
the imprimatur of John Bowyer Nichols and Sons-di-
rectly under the venerable Gate of St. John's. It has
been in one family about fourscore years; and may the
Nicholses "live a thousand years," and issue the Gentle-
man's Magazine "punctually on the first of every month!"
We need not apologize for this scrap of literary genea-
logy. They who are wise, and yet lack the Gentleman's
Magazine, will forthwith procure the whole series ab initio,
if they can-and if not, they will procure what they can
of the back volumes, and commence their subscriptions
with the next number. See NICHOLS, JOHN.
Cave, Henry. Antiquities of York, Lon., 1818, imp. fol.
Cave,Jane. Poems on various subjects,Brist.,1726,Svo.
Cave, John. Sermons, 1679, 'S1, 'S2, '85.
Cave, Lisle. Against the Feare of Death, Lon.,
1587, 16mo.
Cave, William, D.D., 1637-1713, a divine of great
learning, was a native of Pickwell, Leicestershire; ad-
mitted into St. John's College, 1653; B.A., 1656; M.A.,
1660; D.D., 1672; Vicar of Islington, 1662; Rector of
Allhallows the Great, Londor, 1679; Canon of Windsor,
1684; Vicar of Isleworth, 1690. Primitive Christianity,
or the Religion of the Ancient Christians, in 3 parts, Lon.,
1672, 73, 75, '82, 1702, '14, Svo; 1677, 2 vols. fol. Ta-
bulæ Ecclesiastica, Lon., 1674, 8vo; Hamb., 1676. The
Hamburg edit. was pub. without his knowledge. Anti-
quitates Apostolicæ; or the History of Christ, the Apos-
Jeremy Taylor's Life of Christ, Lon., 1675, 76, 77, fol.;
tles, and St. Mark and St. Luke; being a continuation of
new edit., carefully revised by Henry Cary, Oxf., 1840, Svo.
"Dr. Cave's work requires to be consulted by all men of ecclesi-
astical views."
"}
Serious Exhortation relative to Dissent, Lon., 1685, '96,
fol. Apostolici; or the Lives, Acts, Deaths, and Martyr-
doms of those who were contemporary with, or immedi-
ately succeeded, the Apostles; also of the most eminent
of the Primitive Fathers for the first Three Hundred
Years. To which is added A Chronology of the first three
Ages of the Church, 1677, 82, 1716, &c., fol.
If you will read Cave's Lives of the Fathers, you may be
tempted, by his faithful account of their lives and their works, to
search farther into those valuable remains of antiquity.”—
KNOWLES.
"It has now subsisted three and twenty years, and still con-
tinues equally to enjoy the favour of the world,"
We, writing one hundred years later, (¿. e. in 1854,) can
repeat the latter clause of the paragraph. The whole series
to the present time, about 220 volumes, (now at our side,)
should be in the library of every student of English lite-
rature or political history. We are glad to see that the
present proprietors announce their intention of continuing
this work till "Time shall be no longer." If the "Last In 1732 (Lon., 4to) was pub. The Lives of the Fathers
Man" should inherit part, and take the rest, of the series, of the Primitive Church, chiefly collected from the writ-
he will to use the bookseller's phrase) "need no other Li-ings of Dr. Cave. Sermon, 1680, 4to. Ecclesiastic; or
356
CAV
CAV
the History of the Lives, Acts, Deaths, and Writings of
the most eminent Fathers of the Church that flourished in
the 4th century; wherein, among other things, an Account
is given of the Rise, Growth, and Progress of Arianism
and all other sects of that age, descending from it. To-
gether with an Introduction, containing an Historical
count of the State of Paganism under the first Christian
Emperor, Lon., 1683, fol. The Apostolici (1677) and the
Ecclesiastici (1683) have been recently republished (Oxf.,
1840, 3 vols. 8vo) by Rev. Henry Cary, under the title of
Lives of the most eminent Fathers of the Church that
flourished in the first four centuries, &c. A Dissertation
concerning the Government of the Ancient Church of
Bishops, Metropolitans, and Patriarchs, more particularly
concerning the Bishop of Rome, and the encroachments
of that upon other Sees, especially the See of Constanti-
nople, 1683, 8vo. Discourse of the Unity of the Catholic
Church maintained in the Church of England, 1684, 4to.
Chartophylax Ecclesiasticus, 1685, Svo. Sermon, 1685,
4to. Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Historia Literaria
Christo nato usque ad sæculum XIV., cum Appendice, ab
alia manu ab inuente sæculo XIV., ad annum usque 1517,
Lon., 1688, 2 vols. fol. Ejusdem pars altera accedit ad
finem cujusvis sæculi, Lon., 1698, fol. Col. Allob., 1720,
fol.; reprinted, with many additions and alterations, by
the author, Oxf., 1740-43, 2 vols. fol. Henry Wharton as-
sisted in this work, and a controversy was thereby elicited,
(". n. in Chalmers's Biog. Dict.)
a
I
1
Bishop Watson observes that Casimiri Oudini Commen-
tarius de Scriptoribus Ecclesiæ, &c., Leipsic, 1722, 3 vols.
fol., is a kind of supplement to Cave's Historia Literaria,
and other works of the same kind.
•••
tères qui distinguent ce gaz de l'air atmosphérique. C'est à lui
que l'on doit la fameuse découverte de la composition de l'eau
Cavendish ne s'est pas moins distingué dans la physique eu
y portant la même esprit d'exactitude. Il était aussi très versé
dans la haute géometrie, et il en a fait une détermination de la
densité moyenne de notre globe."-BIOT. Voyez Biographie Un
Ac-verselle.
"Dr. Cave's other works are all inferior to this, which is his capi-
tal performance. It discovers great reading, research, and accu-
racy. It contains much important information, in comparatively
little room. It is highly praised by Walch, and was reprinted at
Geneva in 1705 and 172. It occasioned a controversy with Le
Clerc, [Epistola Apologetica. &c., 1700, $vo.] which produced the
correction of several mistakes in the first edition. On this account
the latter editions are the best.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Cavendish, Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire.
The Passage of the Mountain of St. Gothard, Lon., 1802,
Svo.
i
Cavendish, Charles, Lord. His Case, 1759, fol.
Cavendish, George, of Glemsford. The Negotia-
tions of Woolsey, the Great Cardinall of England, &c.
Composed by one of his owne servants, being his Gentle
man-Usher, Lon., 1641; reprinted as The Life and Death
of Thomas Woolsey in 1667, 12mo, and 1706, Svo, and in
the Harleian Miscellany. This version is incorrect. A
faithful transcript from MSS. was pub. by Dr. Wordsworth
in his Ecclesiastical Biography, 1810, 6 vols. 8vo; 4th
edit., 1839, enlarged. See Cavendish's Life of Woolsey
in this collection. This biography was formerly attributed
to Sir William Cavendish, the founder of the House of
Devonshire. That his brother George was really the au-
thor, is satisfactorily proved by the Rev. Joseph Hunter,
of Bath, in his pamphlet Who wrote Cavendish's Life of
Woolsey? 1814, Svo. 100 copies printed. It was re-
printed in Cavendish's Life, with notes and illustrations,
edited by Mr. Singer, 1827, Svo.
"All the memorials of such a man are, of course, worthy of
being preserved, and in achieving this object, Mr. Singer is entitled |
to our praise and gratitude."-Lon. Critical Gazette.
"The pen of Cavendish is a lively and a ready one, and all that
came under his own observation he describes with fidelity and ac-
curacy. His style has the unstudied graces of a man writing in
earnest; and when it rises, as it frequently does, in denouncing
the blind caprices of chance, the degeneracy of the times. or the
neglect of obscure worth, it often possesses a dignity and impres-
sive eloquence which marks a lofty and intellectual spirit.'
But what adds to the value of this production is, that there is no-
where a more vivid or striking representation of the manners of
that distant age." See this excellent article in the Lou. Retro-
spective Review, v. 1, 1822.
"There is a sincere and impartial adherence to truth, a reality
In Cavendish's narrative, which bespeaks the confidence of his
readers, and very much increases his pleasure." See Singer's
Metrical Visions, by Cavendish.
Cavendish, Hon. Henry, 1730-1810, younger son
of Lord Charles Cavendish, and grandson of the Duke of
Devonshire, was a chemist of great eminence. He lived
a secluded life, engaged in his experiments, never married,
and left a million pounds sterling to his heirs. The results
of many of his experiments will be found in the Phil.
Trans., 1766, '69, '71, '76, '83, '90, '92, '98, 1809. Caven-
dish ranks among the first of chemical philosophers. But
this is a subject upon which the learned may claim to
speak:
!
"Cavendish est un des savants qui ont le plus contribué aux
progrès de la chimie moderne. C'est lui qui, le premier, analysa
Les propriétés particulières du gaz hydrogène, et assigna les carac |
"Mr. Cavendish was a profound mathematician, electrician, av A
chemist. Dr. Black, who had discovered carbonic acid, laid the
foundation of pneumatic chemistry. Cavendish is usually said to
have discovered hydrogen, (although it was prepared by Mayow,
Boyle, and Hales, long anteriorly,) and placed the second stone on
the great superstructure which was afterwards to be raised by
Priestley and others. That common air consisted of oxygen and
nitrogen was known; but Cavendish demonstrated (178) that it
consisted of a volume of 20-533 oxygen, and 79-166 nitrogen-a
result which has been thoroughly confirmed by subsequent ex-
periments. He likewise demonstrated the exact constitution of
water, although it is confidently affirmed that James Watt at the
same time knew its composition, and that his views were known
to Cavendish. Cavendish likewise showed that nitric acid is com-
posed of nitrogen and oxygen-Priestley having previously found
that electric sparks, when passed through air, turned litmus red,
Cavendish added potash to the solution evaporated, and obtained
nitre. While there is scarcely any doubt that there has been a
tendency to overrate Cavendish at the expense of others, he must
be always ranked as one of the first of English Chemists, who has,
by the accuracy of his experiments, assisted in laying the sure
foundation of the science."-ROBT. DUNDAS THOMSON, M.D., F.R.S.,
Professor of Chemistry. St. Thomas's Hospital College, London. See
Rich's Cyc. of Biog., 1854.
The following opinion of an eminent authority and un-
exceptionable judge in the premises must not be omitted:
"Cavendish was possessed of a minute knowledge of most of the
departments of Natural Philosophy; he carried into his chemical
researches a delicacy and precision which have never been ex-
ceeded: possessing depth and extent of mathematical knowledge.
he reasoned with the caution of a geometer upon the results of
scarcely said of any other person, that whatever he accomplished
his experiments; and it may be said of him, what perhaps can be
all of a finished nature; executed by the hand of a master, they
was perfect at the moment of its production. His processes were
labours have remained unimpaired amidst the progress of dis-
required no correction; the accuracy and beauty of his earliest
covery, and their merits have been illustrated by discussion, and
exalted by time.”—SIR HUмPhry Davy: Chemical Philosophy.
Cavendish, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle, d.
1673, was as fond of authorship as her noble lord proved
himself to be. Lord Orford speaks disparagingly of her
ladyship's talents, but it is well known that Horace Wal-
pole spared no man (or woman) in his humour. Philo-
Poems and Fancies,
sophical Fancies. Lon., 1653, 12mo.
1653, fol. The World's Olio, 1655, fol.
The World's Olio, 1655, fol. Nature's Picture
drawn by Fancie's Pencil, to the Life, 1656, fol. Philo-
sophical and Physical Opinions, 1655, fol. Orations, 1662,
fol. Playes, 1662, fol. She wrote 26 Plays, and a num-
ber of Scenes. Sociable Letters, 1664, fol. Observations
upon Experimental Philosophy, 1666, fol. Life of Wil-
liam Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle, 1667, fol. The same in
Latin, 1668, fol.:-"The Crown of her Labours." Grounds
of Natural Philosophy, 1668, fol. Letters and Poems,
1676, fol. Select Poems, edited by Sir E. Brydges, 1813,
In one of her last productions, her ladyship, with com-
Sro. Her autobiography, edited by Brydges, 1814, r. 8vo.
mendable frankness, avows a most ungovernable cacoëthes
scribendi :
I imagine all those who have read my former books will say
I have writ enough, unless they were better; but say what you
will. it pleaseth me, and since my delights are harmless, I will
satisfy my humour :
For had my brain as many fancies in't
To fill the world, I'd put them all in print;
No matter whether they be well or ill exprest.
My will is done, and that pleases woman best."
"A lady worthy the Mention and Esteem of all Lovers of Poetry
and Learning. One who was a fit Consort for so Great a Wit as
the Duke of Newcastle. Her Soul sympathizing with his in all
things, especially in Dramatick Poetry: to which she had a more
than ordinary propensity."—Langbaine's Dramatick Poets, 1691.
"A fertile pedant, with an unbounded passion for scribbling.”
HORACE WALPOLE. See R. & N. Authors.
"She makes each place where she comes a Library."-FLECKNOE.
"She was the most voluminous writer of all the female poets,
and had a great deal of wit.”—Jacobs.
“We are greatly surprised that a lady of her quality should
have written so much. and are less surprised that one who loved
writing so well has written no better."-Granger.
"Her person was very graceful. She was most indefatigable in
her studies, contemplations, and writings; was truly pious, chari-
table, and generous, and a perfect pattern of conjugal love aud
duty."-BALLARD.
Cavendish, Sir Thomas, 1564-1592, a native of
Suffolk, was the second English circumnavigator of the
globe. Voyage to Magellanica in 1586; see Callander's
Voyages i. 424; 1776.
Cavendish, William, Duke of Newcastle, 1592-
1676, husband of MARGARET, DUCHESS OF NEWCASTLE,
(7. v.) was a zealous champion of Charles I., and fought
valiantly
valiantly on his side. La Méthode nouvelle de dresser
857
CAV
CAX
.
1
les Chevaux, &c., avec Figures; or the new Method of
managing Horses; with Cuts, Antwp., 165S, fol., first
written in English, and trans. into French by a Walloon.
A new Method and Extraordinary Invention to dress
Horses, Lon., 1667, fol. Five Comedies, 1668, 4to. The
Triumphant Widow, 1677, 4to. System of Horsemanship
in all its Branches, 1743, 2 vols. fol. Other compositions;
verses, songs, &c. Hora Subseciva, 1620, Svo, has been
attributed both to Lord Cavendish and Lord Chandos.
"The greatest master of wit, the most exact observer of man-
kind, and the most accurate judge of humour I ever knew."-
SHADWELL.
"Since the time of Augustus, no person better understood dra-
matic poetry, nor more generously encouraged poets; so that we
may truly call him our English Mæcenas."-Lungbaine's Drama-
tich Poets.
"This noble personage was, from his earliest youth, celebrated
for his love of the Muses, and had a true taste for the liberal arts.”
-Bing. Dramat.
"Nothing could have tempted him out of those paths of plea-
sure which he enjoyed in a full and ample fortune (which he sa-
crificed by his loyalty, and lived for a time in extreme poverty
but honour and ambition to serve the king when he saw him iù
distress, and abandoned by most of those who were in the highest
degree obliged to him."-EARL OF CLARENDON.
..
· But now behold a nobleman indeed,
Such as a w' admire in story when we read."-FLECKNOE.
"One of the most finished gentlemen, as well as the most dis-
tinguished patriot, general, and statesman of his age."-CIBBER.
Cavendish, William, first Duke of Devonshire,
1640-1707, a distinguished statesman, also claims place
as an author. Speeches, 1680, '81. An Allusion to the
Bishop of Cambray's Supplement to Homer; a Poem. An
Ode on the Death of Queen Mary. Some Fragments on
the Peerage. Most of his writings were printed in an Ap-
pendix to the Memoirs of the Cavendishes by Dr. Kennett.
This is the nobleman who was fined £30,000 (declared
illegal by the House of Lords, and not exacted) for taking
Colonel Culpepper by the nose, before the king, leading
him into an antechamber, and caning him.
"He was the finest and handsomest gentleman of his time."—
MACKAY; a contemporary.
"His grace was a poet, not by genius only, but by learning and
judgment; whence Lord Roscommon made him a constant reviser
of his poetical productions."-Collins's Peerage.
Dryden is said to have preferred his grace's Ode on the
Death of Queen Mary to any one ever written on the same
occasion.
"Ile was the friend and companion, and at the same time the
equal, of Ormond, Dorset, Roscommon, and all the noble orna-
ments of that reign of wit in which he passed his youth.”—DR.
CAMPBELL.
"A_patriot among the men, a gallant among the ladies."-Ho-
RACE WALPOLE: vide R. & N. Authors.
Caverhill, John, M.D., Royal College of Physicians,
London. Explanation of the 70 Weeks of Daniel, &c.,
Lon., 1777, Svo.
Dr. Caverhill has certainly studied the subject on which he
has written with great care, and brought a considerable portion
of learning to bear upon it.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
The Gout, 1769, Svo. Other profes. treatises, 1767,
'70. '72.
Caverley, Sir H. Remarks in his Travels, 1683, fol.
Caveton, Pet. Junbrigalia.
Cavii, Guel.
Vide CAVE.
Caw, George. Poetical Museum, Hawick, 1784, 18mo.
"Many of the border ballads. afterwards published by Sir Wal-
fer Scott in the Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, first appeared
in this collection."-LOWNDES.
Cawdray, or Cawdry, Robert. Treasurie or Store-
House of Similes, Lon., 1600, 4to, dedicated to Sir John
Harrington, &c. Of the Profit and Necessity of Catechis-
ing. Lon., 1592, 8vo.
Cawood, Francis. 1. Navigation. 2. Fishery and
Manufactures, 1710, '13.
Cawood, John, of St. Edmund's Hall, Oxford, Per-
petual Curate of Bewdley, Worcestershire. The Church
of England and Dissent; 2d edit., Lon., 1831, 12mo. Ser-
mons, 1842, 2 vols. 8vo.
66
Forcible, impressive, and evangelical.”—BICKERSTETH.
Cawte, R. Academic Lessous, 1786, Svo.
Cawthorn, James, 1719-1761, an English divine
and poet, was matriculated at Clare Hall, Cambridge, in
1758. The Perjured Lover, 1736. Abelard to Eloisa, 1746
Sermons, 1745, '48. An edit. of his poems was pub. in
1771, Svo.
"As a poet he displays considerable variety of power, but per
haps he is rather to be placed among the ethical versifiers, than
ranked with those who have attempted with success the higher
flights of genius. As an imitator of Pope, he is superior to most
of those who have formed themselves in that school."
Life of Cuxton, Lon., 1844, 32mo.
In 1464 Edward the Fourth appointed Richard White-
hill and William Caxton, still abroad, to be his ambassa-
dors and deputies to the Duke of Burgundy, for the "pur-
pose of confirming an existing treaty of commerce, or, if
In 1466 a treaty was
necessary, for making a new one."
concluded, by which the commercial relations between the
two countries, which had been interrupted for twenty years,
were restored. Margaret, sister of Edward IV. of Eng-
land, was married to Charles, Duke of Burgundy, in 1468
at Bruges, and Caxton, who was then residing in this city,
received an appointment-it is not known in what capa-
city in the court of the duchess. He became a great
Cawdrey, or Cawdry, Daniel, d. 1664, a Noncon- favourite with this noble lady, and in the course of con-
formist divine, ejected from his living in Northampton-versation she elicited from Caxton an acknowledgment
shire. The Good Man a Public Good, Lon., 1643, 4to. that "having no great charge or occupation," he had be-
Other theological treatises, 1624-61.
fore her grace's arrival commenced the translation from
Cawdrey, Zacharias. 1. Patronage. 2. Sermon, French into English of the "Recuycll of the Historyes of
1675, '84, 4to.
Troye" (by Raoul le Fèvre) "for to pass therewith the
Cawdwell, Thomas. A Defence of an Ordained time." Discouraged with the difficulties attendant upon his
Ministry, against the Brownists, Lon., 1724, 4to.
task, he had abandoned it; but his noble mistress made
Cawley, J. The Nature and Kinds of Simony dis- him go for his "five or six quires," and submit them to
cussed, Lon., 1689, 4to.
her inspection, and then "commanded me straightly to
Cawley, William. Laws concerning Jesuits, &c., continue, and make an end of the residue then not trans-
1680, fol.
lated. Whose dreadful commandment I durst in no wise
disobey."
|
Cawton, Thomas, 1605-1659, a learned Puritan
divine, a native of Norfolk, England, studied at Queen's
College, Cambridge. He was skilled in Oriental learning,
and assisted Brian Walton in the Polyglot Bible, and
Castell in the Polyglot Lexicon. Serm., 1662. His Life,
by his son, and Serm. by the father, 1664, '75, Svo.
Cawton, Thomas, 1637–1677, son of the above, also
a learned Orientalist, studied at Merton College, Oxford,
at Rotterdam, and Utrecht. Disputatio de Versione Sy-
tatio de usu Linguæ Hebraicæ in Philosophia Theoretica,
riaca Vet. et Novi Testamenti, Ultraj., 1657, 4to. Disser-
Ibid., 1657, 4to.
"That on the Syriac Scriptures is more valuable, though not
more curious, than the one on the Hebrew language. He discusses
the Syriac version both of the Old and New Testaments.
Leusden speaks in the highest terms of the author's diligence,
learning, and extensive acquaintance with the Hebrew and its
cognate dialects. Chaldaic. Syriac, and Arabic. It is gratifying to
perceive, that these branches of biblical literature are again reviv
in both parts of the island.”—Orme's Bibl. B.b.
well deserved.
Wood acknowledges that Hurst's eulogy on Cawton was
of Kent, is entitled to the lasting gratitude of posterity as
Caxton, William, 1412?-1492, a native of the Weald
the age of 15 he was apprenticed to a mercer in London,
the introducer of the art of printing into England. At
Robert Large, created Lord Mayor in 1439, who, on his
death in 1441, left his apprentice the handsome legacy of
34 marks. Caxton left home for the Continent in 1442,
acting according to most authorities as commercial agent
for the Mercers' Company of London. Mr. Oldys remarks:
"It is agreed on by those writers who have best acquainted
themselves with his story, he was deputed and intrusted by the
Mercers' Company to be their agent or factor in Holland, Zealand,
Flanders, &c., to establish and enlarge their correspondence, nego
ciate the consumption of our own, and importation of foreign,
manufactures, and otherwise promote the advantage of the said
corporation in their respective merchandise." Vide CAXTON in
Biog. Brit.
Upon this Mr. Knight comments:
"This indeed is a goodly commission, if we can make out that
he received such. . . . The real fact is, that for twenty of those
years in which Caxton describes himself as residing in the coun-
tries of Brabant, Holland, and Zealand, there was an absolute
prohibition on both sides of all commercial intercourse between
England and the Duchy of Burgundy, to which these countries
were subject; and for nearly the whole period, no English goods
Calais, and in France.' says Caxton, 'I was never.'
were suffered to pass to the continent except through the town of
-Knight's
"""
3
CC The translation was begun in Bruges, the 1st of Marche,
in the yere 1468, continued in Gaunt, and finished in Colen,
the 19th of September, 1471." Ile then "deliberated in
himself to take the labour in hand of printing it together
with the third book of the Destruction of Troy e, trans
lated of late by John Lydgate, a monk of Burye, in Eng
lish ritual."
358
CAX
CEC
The book was printed; but being sine anno et loco, the
place has been a matter of dispute. Perhaps there is
little risk of error in assigning Cologne as the city where,
and 1476 as the year in which, this first book in the Eng-
lish language saw the light. It has been agreed by many
authorities that Caxton had previously printed in the Low
Countries the original Récueil des Histoires de Troye, (in
1467,) and a Latin Speech by Russell, ambassador of Ed-
ward IV. to Charles of Burgundy, (in 1469.) Mr. Knight
joins issue with Dibdin, Bryant, Hallam, and others upon
this point, and to their works we must refer the curious
reader. Caxton is supposed to have returned to England
about 1474, this being the date of the Game and Play of
the Chess, which is presumed to be the first book ever
printed in England. Authorities, however, are much at
variance in this matter. Raoul le Fèvre's Récueil des
Histoires de Troye in the French, is by some presumed to
be Caxton's first issue in England. Some of his earliest
impressions are without date. We have already referred
to the bold assertion of Richard Atkyns, that Frederick
Corsellis had published a book in England in 1468. (Vide
ATKYNS, RICHARD.) We need not linger upon a story
the details of which never obtained much credence. We
now behold the father of English printing installed in his
printing-office in Westminster Abbey, and assiduously la-
bouring to extend the benefits of the new invention to his
grateful countrymen. He was one of the most industrious
and indefatigable of men, and literally "died in the har-
ness," for (although he printed nothing after 1490) it is
believed that he spent some hours of the last day of his
life in translating for the press Vitæ Patrum, or “The righte
devout and solitairye lyfe of the anciente or olde holy
faders, hermytes, dwellinge in the deserts." He left this
world in May or June, 1492, after having zealously served
his generation.
“Exclusively of the labours attached to the working of his press
as a new art, our typographer contrived, though well stricken in
years, to translate not fewer than five thousand closely printed
folio pages. As a translator, therefore. he ranks among the most
laborious, and, I would hope, not the least successful, of his tribe.
The foregoing conclusion is the result of a careful enumeration of
all the books translated as well as printed by him; which, the
translated books,] if published in the modern fashion, would ex-
tend to nearly twenty-five octavo volumes!"-Dibdin's Typographi-
cal Antiquities, q. v. See Biog. Brit.; Knight's Life of Caxton;
Life of Caxton, pub. by Soc. for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge.
All of Caxton's impressions are now very valuable. A
copy of his first book, and the first printed in English,
which had belonged to Elizabeth Grey, Queen of Edward
IV., produced in the Roxburghe sale, (6350,) £1060 188.
This is of course no criterion of the value of ordinary
copies; but an imperfect one of the same work brought at
the Lloyd sale, (1469,) £126, and a copy of the Chronycles
of Englond was sold by Leigh and Sotheby in 1815 for
£105. The number of books printed by Caxton was sixty-
four, and we cannot add any thing of more value to this
article than a list of the whole, extracted from Dibdin's
Typographical Antiquities, Lon., 1810-19, 4 vols. 4to.
ALPHABETICAL LIST of the Books printed by Caxton, with
their supposed DEGREES OF RARITY: the number 6 being
the highest degree :
L
Date. Deg. of Rarity.
No date...... 6
1484........... 5
1485........... 6
No date...... 6
6
4
5
CC
(c
"
1487..... 4
"
5
4
1483.....
No date...... 5
1485....... 6
No date...... 4
4
5
1
4
5
1474....
5
No date...... 4
1489....... 4
1484....
CHIVALRY, FAIT OF ARMS AND……..
ORDER OF.
"L
6
3
1480....
1480......
4
CHRONICLE OF ENGLAND, &c.....
CORDIAL......
CRAFT TO KNOW WELL TO DIE........... 1490.........
CURIAL OF ALAIN CHARTIER………………………………. No date...... 6
5
DICTES OF THE PHILOSOPHERS........... 1477........... 4
ACCIDENCE....
ESOP.....
ARTHUR, HISTORIES OF...
BALLAD, FRAGMENT OF..
BLANCHARDIN AND EGLANTINE...........
BJETIUS......
LOCA
BOOK OF DIVERS GHOSTLY MATTERS...
BooK OF GOOD MANNERS.........
BOOK FOR TRAVELLERS...........
****
CATO MAGNUS.....
CATO PARVUS....
CHARLES THE GREAT.....
......
A
CHASTISING OF GOD'S CHILDREN..
CHAUCER'S BOOK OF FAME....
"C
"
"
"6
T
CANTERBURY TALES.....
66
"
…..…………
………... 100
(6
("
(6
TROILUS AND CRESSIDE.... (6
MINORWORKS, WITH LYDGATE's“
CHESS, GAME OF..........
(6
"
•
·
•
··
...
...
...
•
...
……………
………….
.....
......
•
*****
.....
......
"(
DE FIDE ET CANTU, &c..
DIRECTORIUM SACERDOTUM……….
DOCTRINAL OF SAPIENCE......
EDWARD THE CONFESSor.
GODFREY OF BOULOGNE..
GOLDEN LEGEND……………………
GOWER'S CONFESSIO AMANTIS…………
HORE
JASON
INFANCIA SALVATORIS.
KATHERINE OF SIENNE
KNIGHT OF THE TOWER..
LIBER FESTIVALIS……………..
LIFE OF OUR LADY.......
SAINT WENEFRID.
LOMBARDY, HISTORY OF...
LUCIDARY........
LYNDEWOOD....
MIRROR OF THE WORLD...
OVID'S METAMORPHOSES.
PARIS AND VIENNE........
PILGRIMAGE OF THE SOUL......
POLYCHRONICON...
PROVERBS OF PISA....
REYNARD THE FOX.....
ROYAL BOOK......
RUSSEL, ORATION OF.
SIEGE OF RHODES...
SPECULUM VITE CHRISTI.
STATUTES..
………………
…………………
…………….
.....
****
…………..
......
.....
….
TROY, RECUEIL DES HISTOIRES.
(6 HISTORIES OF.....
…………….
...
••
•
...
....
Date. Deg. of Rarity.
No date...... 5
5
4
"(
1489..
qu?
......
1481........... 5
1483.........
1483......
<<
No date...... 6
1475........... 5
No date...... 6
""
4
4
1484....
1483......
No date...... £
4
5
...
•
qu?
No date...... 6
6
....
4
qu?
1481.....
1480......
1485..
1483.........
1482....
1478......
1481........... 6
1484........ 4
No date...... 6
6
4
5
4
6
6
....
1471..
5
1481........... 3
1490........... 4
No date...... 4
"
(c
"
""
5436
...
TULLY OF OLD AGE, &C........
VIRGIL'S ENEID...
WORK OF SAPIENCE.
...
Cay, Dr. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1698.
Cay, Henry Boult. Abridgt. Public Statutes, from
11th of Geo. II. to 1st Geo. III. inclusive, Lon., fol. This
is a supplementary vol. to J. Cay's Abridgt., (q. v.) Abridgt.
of Statutes from Magna Charta to 1st Geo. III., 1739,
2 vols. fol.; 2d edit., 1762, 2 vols. fol.; sup. vol., 1766.
Cay, John. Abridgt. Public Statutes, &c., from Magna
Charta-9th Hen. III. to 11th Geo. II. inclusive, Lon.,
1739, 2 vols. fol. Continuation v. Cay H. B. Statutes at
Large from Magna Charta to 30th Geo. II., 1785, 6 vols.
fol. Continuation from 30th Geo. II. to 13th Geo. III., by
Owen Ruffhead, 1768-73, 3 vols. fol.
Cay, John. Analysis of the Scotch Reform Act, with
Decisions of the Courts of Appeal. Parts 1 and 2, Lon.,
1837-40, Svo.
48
Cay, Robert. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1722; bending
Plank by a Sand Heat.
Cayley, Arthur. The Life of Sir Walter Raleigh,
Lon., 1805, 2 vols. 4to; 2d edit., 1806, 2 vols. 8vo. Memoir
of Sir Thomas More, with a new trans. of his Utopia, his
History of K. Richard III., and his Latin Poems, 1808,
2 vols. 8vo.
"He is either no favourite of the bistoric muse, or he does not
pay her sufficiently assiduous court, for he can as yet boast of few
of the fascinations and enchantments which she places at the dis-
posal of her successful suitors.”
See Lon. Monthly Rev., 1806, Svo.
Cayley, Arthur, b. 1821, at Richmond, Surrey, a
distinguished mathematician. Contributions-principally
on the Pure Mathematics-to The Cambridge, The Cam-
bridge and Dublin, and Quarterly, Mathematical Journals,
Philosophical Transactions, Camb. Phil. Trans., Phil. Maga-
zine, Liouville's Journal de Mathématiques, and Crelle's
Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik.
Cayley, Cornelius. Theolog. treatises, 1758-62.
Cayley, Edward. The European Revolutions, 1848,
2 vols. 8vo.
"Mr. Cayley has evidently studied his subject thoroughly: he
has consequently produced an interesting and philosophic history
of an important epoch.”—New Quar. Rev.
Cayley, Sir George. Con. to Nic. Jour.. 180′, '09,
'10; and to Phil. Mag., 1816: subjects, Aërial Navigation ;
Mechanical power from Air expanded by Heat.
Cazenove, J., President of the London Chess Club.
Selection of curious and entertaining Games at Chess that
have been actually played by J. Cazenove, Lon., 1817, 12mo.
Circulated only among the friends of the author.
Ceby. Opuscules Lyriques; Lyric Poems, or Songs,
presented to Lady Nelson, 1801, Svo.
Cecil, Catherine. Memoir of Mrs. Hawkes, late of
Islington, including Remarks in Conversation and Extracts
from Sermons and Letters of the late Rev. R. Cecil; 4th
ed., 1849, 8vo.
359
CEC
CHA
Original Thoughts on Scripture, etc., from serms. of R. | Appendix of Original Papers by R. C., 1738, 4to. Preface
Cecil, Lon., 1848.
to Queen Catherine Parr's Lamentation of a Sinner. For
an account of his Letters, Genealogical and other pieces
in MS., &c., see Park's Walpole's R. & N. Authors. Col-
lection of State Papers, 1542-70; 1740, fol.; ditto, 1571–
96; 1759, fol. Letters, 1542-70, were pub. by Haynes in
1740; ditto, 1571-96, pub. by Murdin, 1759. Serinia Ce...
ciliana; being his Letters, 1663, 4to. See Somers's Tracts
for his First Paper, a Memorial, and Ballard's Brit. Ladies
for his Meditation on the death of his Lady. A review of
Haynes's and Murdin's collection of Cecil's State Papers
will be found in Retrosp. Review, N. S., i. 204-30; 419-
36, (1827.) In 1828-31 a most important work was given
to the world by the Rev. Dr. Nares, Regius Professor
of Modern Hist. in the University of Oxford; viz., Me-
moirs of the Life and Administration of Cecil, Lord Burgh-
ley, containing a Hist. View of the Times in which he
lived, and of the illustrious Persons with whom he was
connected; now first pub. from the originals, 3 vols. 4to.
No man should pretend to dogmatize upon the events of
Elizabeth's reign who has not digested these quartos.
"A publication of the highest national interest, and a great
and valuable accession to our knowledge of English history, at a
period when that history is most important..... In his preface
Dr. Nares tells us that he found that he had done but little when
he had carefully read and examined more than fifty-nine thousand
closely printed pages for one volume alone. It is by such indefa-
tigable researches that he has been enabled to correct many errors
in Rapin, Strype, Neale, Lingard, and others.”—Lon. Athenæum.
"This elaborate and sterling work appears in the good old solid
form of nearly 800 pages to the volume. As it would be impossi
ble, in a journal like ours, to afford any adequate idea of the mul
titude of great historical, biographical, religious, and political
questions which are embraced and discussed in a work of such
magnitude, we must here take leave of it, and content ourselves
with again recommending it on its intrinsic merits as a work of
great historical value."-Lom. Literary Gazelle.
Both public depositories and private collections have been con
sulted with all the ardour that the magnitude and importance of
the work required."-Lon. Gent. Mag.
Cecil, Edward, Lord Viscount Wimbledon. Journal
of his Expedition upon the Coast of Spain, Lon., 1625, '26,
4to. His Answer to the Earl of Essex and nine others. A
Letter to the Mayor of Portsmouth. Some Letters in the
Cabala, the Harleian MSS., and two MS. tracts in Brit.
Mus. He was second son of the Earl of Exeter, and grand-
son of Lord Burleigh.
Cecil, Sir Edward. Speech in Parliament, 1621, 4to.
Cecil, Henry Montague. The Mysterious Visitor;
or May, the Rose of Cumberland; a Novel, 1805, 2 vols.
Cecil, Richard, 1748-1810, a native of London, was
entered of Queen's College, Oxford, in 1773; ordained Dea-
con, 1776; Priest, 1777; Minister of St. John's, Bedford
Row, London, 1780; presented to the livings of Chobham
and Bisley, in Surrey, 1800. Mr. C. was distinguished as
a preacher, and for his skill in music and painting. Life
of Hon. and Rev. W. B. Cadogan, 1798; of John Bacon,
the sculptor, 1801; of Rev. John Newton, 2d edit., 1808.
These biographies are contained in vol. i. of the edit. of
his Works, (edited by Rev. Joseph Pratt,) in 4 vols. Svo,
1811; vol. ii. contains his Miscellanies and Practical Tracts;
vol. iii. his Sermons; vol. iv. his Remains. He pub. a Se-
lection of Psalms and Hymns for the Public Worship of
the Church of England, of which the 32d edit. was pub.
before 1840. In 1839 a vol. of his Sermons, then first col-
lected, was issued; new edit., 1853, 12mo. An edit. of his
Works, ed. by Mr. Pratt, appeared in 1838, 2 vols. 8vo; and
his Original Thoughts, edited by Catherine Cecil; 2d ed.,
1851, p. 8vo. Some of his original melodies will be found in
Theophania Cecil's Psalm and Hymn Tunes, and a number
of his letters and remarks in the Memoir of Mrs. Hawkes.
"Cecil was a man deservedly distinguished among the evangeli-
cal clergymen of the established Church."-BISHOP JEBB.
"Remarkably original: with striking and judicious views. His
Remains, eminently useful to ministers, and perhaps one of the
most valuable books that has been given to them in modern times."
-BICKERSTETH.
"Cecil's style of preaching partook largely of his characteristic
excellence.... Ilis ideas, like the rays of the sun, carried their
own light with them. Images and illustrations were at his com-
mand, and rendered his discourses not only instructive but fas-
cinating. They were living pictures."
"In Richard Cecil we see a man combining the rich soil of
native talent with a refinement of cultivation not surpassed by
classic example; while in him the elegant and profound scholar
and polished gentleman are only the subordinate characters of
the humble-minded. devoted, and enterprising follower of the lowly
Jesus."-Baptist Advocate.
"His style of preaching was original and striking, acutely scruti-
nizing, richly embodied with evangelical statements, and bearing
pointedly upon the experience of the Christian."-Lon. Christian
Observer.
Cecil, Robert, Earl of Salisbury, 1550 ?-1612, son of
the great Lord Burleigh, and his father's successor as prime
minister of England, was educated at St. John's College,
Oxford. An Answer to several scandalous papers, Lon.,
1666, fol., and 4to. The State and Dignity of a Secretary
of State's Place, 1642, 4to. Secret Correspondence with
James VI., King of Scotland, pub. by D. Dalrymple, Lord
Hailes, Edin., 1766, 12mo. Some of his papers are in the
Harleian MSS., 305 and 354.
He was evidently a man of quicker parts, and a more spirited
writer and speaker, than his father."-DR. BIRCH.
""Tofore great men were glad of poets; now
1. not the worst, am covetous of thee,
Yet dare not to my thought least hope allow
Of adding to thy fame: thine may to me,
When in my book men read but CECIL's name."
BEN JONSON: Epigrams.
See Park's Walpole's R. & N. Authors.
Cecil, William, Lord Burleigh, Lord High Trea-
surer of England, 1520-1598, was prime minister for more
than half a century. He was entered of St. John's Col-
lege, Cambridge, May 27, 1535, and speedily distinguished
himself by his proficiency in his studies. As regards his
subsequent career we may adopt the words of Lord Orford.
Burleigh's is
One of those great names better known in the annals of his
country, than in those of the republic of letters. In the latter
light only it is the business of this work to record him."-R. & N.
Authors.
The Execution of Justice in Eng., Lon., 1583, 4to; again,
1583, 4to; 1675, '88, Svo; in Latin, 1584, 8vo; Italian, 1584,
Svo. Precepts, &c., 1536, 18mo. Diarium Expeditionis
Scoticæ, 1541, 12mo. Speech, 1592. Advertisement, &c.,
1592, 8vo. Advice to Q. Elizabeth in Matters of Religion and
State, 1592, Svo. Memorial presented to Q. Elizabeth against
her being Engrossed by any Particular Favourite,1714,12mo.
Advice to his Son, 1722, 12mo. His Life of Collins, 1732, 8vo.
Memoirs of his Life and Advanced Station, &c., with an
"If thou would'st know the vertues of mankind,
Read here in one, what thou in all canst find,
And go no further: let this circle be
Thy universe, though his epitome:-
CECIL. the grave, the wise, the great, the good!
What is there more that can ennoble blood?"
Ben Jonson's Epigrams.
Cecil, William. Every Bankrupt his own Lawyer,
1715, Svo.
Celer, L. The Censors Censured, Lon., 1698, Svo.
Cellier, Eliz. Malice Defeated, &c., 1680, '89, 4to.
Celsius, Andrew. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1725-36;
Astronomy Antiquities; the Barometer.
Cennick, John, a Calvinistic Methodist, d. 1755.
Edward Lee, 1729, 8vo. Autobiog., 1745, 8vo. Serms.,
1762, 2 vols. 12mo; frequently reprinted; last edit., 1852,
12mo.
"Great simplicity and zeal.”—DR. E. WILLIAMS.
Evangelical."—BICKERSTETH.
Cent, Nehem. A Word to L. P. Assembly, Lou.,
1650, 4to.
Centlivre, Susannah, 1667 ?-1722, a dramatic writer
of considerable note in her day, was a daughter of Mr.
Freeman, of Lincolnshire. She was thrice married:-1st
to a nephew of Sir Stephen Fox; 2dly to Colonel Carrol;
and 3dly to Joseph Centlivre, principal cook to Queen
Anne. She sometimes appeared upon the stage, but was
more successful as a composer. Her wit, beauty, and ac-
complishments made her a favourite in the literary circles
presided over by Steele, Budgell, Rowe, &c. Her Works,
with a New Account of her Life, appeared in 1761, 3 vols.
12mo. A list of her 19 plays-among which A Bold Stroke
for a Wife and the Perjured Husband-will be found in
the Biog. Dramatica.
(6
We cannot help giving it as our opinion, that if we do not al-
low her to be the very first of our female writers for the stage, she
bas but one above her, and may justly be placed next to her pre-
decessor in dramatic glory, the great Mrs. Behn.”—Biog, Dramat.
Ceolfrid, or Ceolfrith, 642 ?-716, succeeded Benedict
Biscop in 690 as Abbot of Wearmouth. His letter ad-
dressed to the King of the Picts on the observance of Easter,
has been highly commended.
"Bale attributes to Ceolfrid, Homilies, Epistles, and other works,
Little credit however can be given to this statement, as Bale had
amongst which one, he says, treated of De sua peregrinatione.
evidently not seen the books he describes."— Wright's Bing. Brit.
Lit.
Cetta, John. Tryal of Witchcraft, shewing the true
and right method of discovery, 1616, 4to.
Chad, G. W. Revolution in Holland, 1314, 8vo.
Chaderton, Lawrence, D.D., first Master of Ewa-
nuel College, Cambridge, 1546-1640, was educated at
Christ's College. He was one of the translators of the
360
CHA
CHA
abscond. In 1741 he was made titulary Bishop of Lon
don and Salisbury, and Vicar Apostolic of the Metropoli-
tan District. Church History, 1737, 3 vols. fol. Britan-
nia Sancta, Lon., 1745, fol.
nia Sancta, Lon., 1745, fol. A Manual of Prayers and
other Christian Devotions, revised by R. C., 1819, 18mo.
Grounds of the Catholic Doctrine, 13th edit., 1828, 18mo.
A Popular Tract. Memoirs of Missionary Priests, and
others of both Sexes, who suffered on Account of their Re-
ligion from 1577 to 1688, Manchest., 1803. Spirit of Dis
senting Teachers. Grounds of the Old Religion. Unerr-
ing Authority of the Catholic Church. A Caveat against
Methodism. Meditations for every Day in the Year, Der-
Re-by, 1843, 2 vols. 24mo. A repub. of Gother's Papist Misrc-
presented and Represented; 26th edit., Lon., 1825, 18mo,
a popular R. C. tract. Life of Richard Challoner, by
James Barnard, Lon., 1784, 8vo.
Chalmers. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1750.
Chalmers, Alexander, 1759-1834, a native of Aber-
deen, where his father was a printer, received a good clas-
sical and medical education. He came to London about
1777, and found literary employment as a contributor to
St. James's Chronicle, The Morning Chronicle, The Morn-
ing Herald, and the Critical and Analytical Reviews. A
Continuation of the History of England, in Letters, 1793,
2 vols.; 1798; 1803; 1821. Glossary to Shakspeare, 1797.
Sketch of the Isle of Wight, 1798. Barclay's English
Dictionary. The British Essayist, 1843, 45 vols. 12mo:
commencing with The Tatler, and ending with The Ob-
server; with Prefaces, Hist., and Biog., and collated with
the original editions; again pub. in 1808 and in 1823,
38 vols. 18mo.
38 vols. 18mo. The Spectator, Tatler, and Guardian in
1822, 12 vols. 8vo.
version of the Bible made by order of James I. Sermon,
1578, 16mo. Treatise on Justification; pub. by A. Thysius,
Prof. of Divinity at Leyden, with other tracts on the same
subject. His Life was pub. by William Dillingham, at
Cambridge, in 1700.
"lle was a mar of acknowledged piety, benevolence.and learning."
Chadlicet, Thomas. Speech in behalf of the King
and Parliament, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Chadwell. Scripture Concordance, Lon., 1650, 12mo.
Satyr to his Muse, Lon., 1682, fol.
Chadwich, Daniel. Sermon, Lon., 1698, 12mo.
Chadwich, John. Sermon, 1614, 4to.
Chadwick, Edwin, b. 1801, near Manchester.
port from the Poor-Law Commissioners, Lon., 1842.
"A great deal of authentic and very valuable information...
The interesting and elaborate report by the same gentleman, on
Interment in towns, discloses some really frightful abuses.”—
McCulloch's Lit, of Pul.t. Economy.
Chadwick, Rev. Jabez, b. 1779, at Lee, Mass. For
more than fifty years a pastor in Western N. Y. Two works
on Christian Baptism, 1832-38. New Testament Dict.,
1849; a work which received high commendation.
Chafie. The Fourth Commandment, 1652, 4to.
Chafin, William. Anecdotes and History of Cran-
bourn Chase, Lon., 8vo.
Chafy, John. Fast Sermon, 1757, Svo.
Chafy, William. Sermon, 1803, 8vo.
Chalenor, Mary. Walter Gray; a Ballad, and other
Poems, Lon., 12mo; 2d ed., 1843. Poetical Remains of
M. C., 12mo, 1843; and included in 2d edit. of Walter Gray.
"As the simple and spontaneous effusions of a mind apparently
filled with feelings which render the fireside happy, and untine-
tured with affectation or verbiage, they may with benefit be re-
ceived into the 'happy homes of England,' and offered as a gift to
the youthful of both sexes."-Chambers's Edin, Journal.
"The poems are sweetly natural; and though on topics often
sung, breathe a tenderness and melancholy which are at once sooth-
ing and consolatory."-Lom. Literary Gazette.
Chalford, K. Sermon, Oxf., 1644, 4to.
Chalk, Eliza. A Peep into Architecture, Lon., 16mo;
2d ed., 1848.
"What has been done by Mrs. Chalk is simply, unaffectedly,
and well written. Most of the principal details of Church Archi-
tecture and ornaments are briefly explained in language divested
of technical characters; and the neat lithographic illustrations are
decidedly well chosen, and correctly delineated."-Ecclesiologist.
"It traces the history of Architecture from the earliest times."
-The Builder.
"A meritorious attempt-pleasingly written.”—Lon. Athenæum.
Chalkhill, John, is a name prefixed by Izaak Walton
to a work pub. by him in 1683, entitled Thealma and
Clearchus: A Pastoral History in smooth and easie verse.
Walton speaks of Chalkhill as the Friend and "Acquaint-
ance of Edmund Spenser," but as there is no other evidence
of the existence of such a friend of the author of the Faery
Queen, (for the Winchester Cathedral Chalkhill cannot be
the poet wanted,) some critics have considered Chalkhill
as only a nom de plume, and believe Walton to be the au-
thor of the Pastoral History. See this question discussed
in Mr. Singer's reprint of Thealma and Clearchus in an
article in the Lon. Retrospective Review, iv. 230, 1821, and
in Beloe's Anecdotes, i. 69-74. Those who have confidence
in Izaak's veracity, when they read the following positive
assertions, may feel inclined to range themselves on the
side of Chalkhill believers:
|
Challice, A. E. The Village School Fête, Lon., 12mo.
“Considered as a religious tale. the story is well contrived, and
there is with it a better knowledge of the world than is often found
in serious novels."-Lon. Spectator.
The long series of periodical works, which, from the days of
Addison to those of Mackenzie, have enriched our literature with
so many effusions of genius, humour, wit, and learning."-SIR
WALTER SCOTT.
"As we read in these delightful volumes of the Tatler' and
'Spectator,' the past age returns-the England of our ancestors is
revivified. The May Pole rises again in the Strand, in London-the
beaux are gathering in the Coffee Houses. The footmen are run-
ning with links before chariots, or fighting round the theatre doors,
&c."-THACKERAY.
In 1809 he pub. an edition of Shakspeare with Hist. and
Explanatory Notes from the most eminent Commentators,
&c.; from Steevens, &c.; again. 1812 and 1845, 8 vols. 8vo.
We quote an opinion without comment:
6.
This is, unquestionably, the most desirable edition for all who
desire to enjoy their author, without having their attention drawn
from him every moment to the petty squabbles of his parasitical
commentators."
Challoner, Richard, D.D., Bishop of Debra, 1691-
1781, a native of Lewes, Sussex, studied at the English
R. C. College at Douay, and embraced the Roman Catho-
lic religion. In 1730 he returned to England, and pub.
an answer to Middleton's Letter from Rome, for which he
was denounced as an enemy to his country, and obliged to
"He was in his time a man generally known, and as well be-
loved; for he was humble and obliging in his behaviour; a gentle
man, a scholar, very innocent and prudent; and, indeed, his whole
life was useful, quiet, and virtuous.”
The versification of Thealma and Clearchus is extremely sweet
and equable. Occasionally harsh lines and unlicensed rhymes
occur; but they are only exceptions to the general style of the
poem, the errors of haste or negligence."-Lon. Retrosp. Rev. 1821.
Chalkey, Thomas, d. 1749, whilst on a missionary-
visit at the isle of Tortola, came from England to Penn-
sylvania in 1701, and resided chiefly in this State for the
rest of his life. His Journal, and a collection of his writ-
ings, were pub. at Phila., 1747; Lon., 1751; N.Y., 1808.
He was a man of many virtues,'
, See Proud's Hist., i. 463.
Challen, Rev. James, b. at Hackensack, N. Jersey;cal
a publisher in Philadelphia. 1. The Cave of Machpelah,
and other Poems, Phila., 1856, 12mo. 2. The Gospel and
its Elements. 3. Christian Evidences.
C
Works of the English Poets from Chaucer to Cowper;
with Johnson's Lives, and additional Lives, by A. C., 1810,
21 vols. r. Svo, £25.
21 vols. r. Svo, £25. History of the Colleges, Halls, and
Public Buildings attached to the University of Oxford, in-
cluding the Lives of the Founders, 1810, 2 vols. 8vo.
"This work contains much information which will be useful
and amusing to the generality of readers, and which could not be
procured, except in works which are now become both scarce and
expensive.”—Lon. Quarterly Review.
"A fitter person to execute this task than Mr. Chalmers couid
not have been found; long versed in every branch of inquiry re-
lative to the history, biography, and antiquities, as well as prac
tised in the art of writing, of a discriminating mind, and cool judg-
ment."-Lon. British Critic.
The General Biographical Dictionary, 1812-17, 32 vols.
Svo. This is a very valuable work, to which this volume
is very much indebted.
"No good library can possibly be considered complete without
the excellent Biographical Dictionary of Chalmers."
"The most extensive and important body of Biographical and
Bibliographical information ever published in this country."
This work is now (1854) worth £7 to £10, according to
the bindin and condition.
Among the last labours of Mr. C. were an abridgment
of Todd's Johnson Dictionary, in 1820; the 9th edit. of
Boswell's Johnson, in 1822, and a new edit. of Shakspeare,
and one of Dr. Johnson's works, in 1823. In addition to
the labours noticed by us, he edited the works of Fielding,
sketches, and assisted in a number of literary under-
Gibbon, Bolingbroke, Pope, &c., wrote many biographi-
takings. For particulars see Lon. Gent. Mag., Feb. 1835.
"Mr. Chalmers was most indefatigable and laborious in his stu.
dies and devotion to literature. No man ever edited so many
works for the booksellers of London; and his attention to accuracy
of collation, bis depth of research as to facts, and his discrimina
tion as to the character of the authors under his review, cannot
be too highly praised.”—Lon. Gent. Mag., 1835.
Chalmers, Lt. Chas. Polit. Pamphlets, 1796-1802.
Chalmers, David. See CHAMBERS.
Chalmers, George, 1742-1825, a native of Fochabers,
Scotland, was educated at King's College, Old Aberdeen.
After devoting some time to the study of the law, he emi-
grated to Maryland, and practised in the colonial courts
361
CIIA
CIIA
for ten years. The American' struggle for independence,
to which he was opposed, proving successful, he returned
to England, and his loyalty was rewarded in 1786 by a
clerkship in the board of trade, which he retained until his
death. He pub. a number of political, historical, biogra-
phical, and miscellaneous works, some of which we notice.
A Collection of Treaties between Great Britain and other
Powers, Lon., 1750, 2 vols. 8vo; and 1790. Political An-
nals of the Present United Colonies, Book 1, to 168S, 1780,
4to; all published. Repub., with addits., Introduc. to the
Hist., &c., Bost., 1845, 2 vols. Svo.
"You will sometimes see the work of Chalmers referred to. It
is an immense, heavy, tedious book, to explain the legal history
of the different colonies of America. It should be consulted on all
such points. But it is impossible to read it. The leaves, however,
should be turned over, for curious particulars often occur, and the
nature of the first settlement and original laws of each colony should
be known. The last chapter, indeed, ought to be read. The right
to tax the colonies became a great point of dispute. Chalmers
means to show that the sovereignty of the British Parliament ex-
isted over America, because the settlers, though emigrants. were
still English subjects and members of the empire."-Prof. Smyth's
Lect. on Mod. Hist.
Lord Sheffield's Observations on the Commerce of the
American States were pub. in 1784. An Estimate of the
Comparative Strength of Great Britain during the next
and four preceding Reigns, &c., 1782, 4to; 1794, 1802; new
edit., corrected and continued to 1810; 1810, 2 vols. Svo.
"Written to dispel the gloomy apprehensions of those who sup-
posed that the country was in a ruined state at the close of the
American war; and it successfully accomplished its object."-
MCCULLOCH.
Opinions on Interesting Subjects of Public Laws and
Commercial Policy, arising from American Independence,
1784, 8vo. Apology for the Believers of the Shakspeare
Papers, 1797, Svo. Supplementary Apology, 1799, 8vo.
Appendix, 1800, Svo.
"Indispensably necessary to every Shakspearian collector."-
LOWNDES.
Life of Thomas Ruddiman, 1794, 8vo. The Appendix
contains a valuable chronological list of early English
newspapers, and other interesting matter.
Life of Sir David Lyndsay, and a Glossary of his Poetical
Works, 1806, 3 vols. 8vo.
"Mr. Chalmers has here given a much-improved and excellent
edition of the works of Sir David Lyndsay. His publication is
entitled to the highest commendation."-British Critic.
Life of Mary, Queen of Scots, from the State Papers, 2d
edit,, 1822, 3 vols. Svo. A valuable history.
Mr. C.'s great work, to which much of his life was de-
voted, was a comprehensive topographical and historical
account of Great Britain, from the earliest times-styled
Caledonia. Of the four volumes projected, only three
appeared-the result of vast labour and research-Vol. i.,
1807; ii., 1810; iii., 1824; all 4to. The concluding por-
tion was left by the indefatigable author in MS.
"The Caledonia is to the Anglo-Saxon History what Stonehenge
is to a carved front in an old cathedral. It is one of the children
of Anak. In deep research and heaping together of matter, the
Britannia of Camden fades away before it. A life, and a long and
busy one, was almost exclusively devoted to this stupendous
work the author lived to complete it, and no more. The con-
cluding volume is still in manuscript; and no bookseller has ap-
peared willing to hazard the expense of giving to the world a
thousand pages quarto. This is one of those cases in which lite
rature is not its own reward; and had Chalmers lived in any land
under the sun save this, his Caledonia would have been published
by the government, and the learned author pensioned."-ALLAN
CUNNINGHAM: Lit, of the Last Fifty Years.
"It is impossible to speak too highly of the excellencies of this
elaborate work-more elaborate, indeed, and copious, more abound-
ing with original information, than any work in British History
or Antiquities which ever came from one author. It will rank
with the immortal BRITANNIA of Camden, which it far surpasses in
industry of research and accumulation of matter."-Lon. Quar-
terly Review.
"This gentleman is the Atlas of Scotch Antiquaries and Histo-
rians: bearing on his own shoulders whatever has been collected,
and with pain separately endured by his predecessors; whom
neither difficulties tire, nor dangers daunt.”—Dibdin's Library
Companion:
Will it be thought impertinent in an American to urge
one of the Literary Clubs, which do such credit to Great
Britain, to worthily distinguish itself by publishing the
remaining MSS. of this great work?
Chalmers, James, D.D. Sermon, 1714, 4to.
Chalmers, Lionel, M.D., 1715 ?-1777, a native of
Scotland, emigrated to South Carolina, where he practised
medicine for more than 40 years. Essay on Fevers, Lon.,
1768, 8vo. The Weather and Diseases of S. Carolina, Lon.,
1776. 2 vols. 8vo. Con. to Med. Obs. and Ing.
Chalmers, Robert. Sermons, Edin., 1798.
Chalmers, Thomas, D.D., LL.D., and member of
the Royal Institute of France, 1780-1847, the most emi-
nent Scottish divine of his day, was a native of Anstru-
ther, Fifeshire. He entered the University of St. An-
drew's in 1791. Selecting the ministry as his profession,
he was ordained in the Church of Scotland, and officiated
as assistant minister in the parish of Cavers, from whence
he removed to Kilmany, in Fifeshire, and in 1814 to the
Tron Church of Glasgow, where he speedily became cele-
brated as the most eloquent preacher of his day. The ar-
ticle Christianity, contributed to Sir David Brewster's
Edinburgh Encyclopædia, and since pub. in book form,
added to the evidences of the writer's eminent abilities.
In 1817 he pub. his Discourses on Astronomy; in 1818 his
Commercial Discourses; in 1819 and 1820 appeared the
Occasional Discourses, and in 1821 (1821-26, 3 vols. Svo)
he gave to the world The Civic and Christian Economy of
Large Towns. Mr. McCulloch thus notices this work:
"Dr. Chalmers is a zealous, or rather a fanatical, opponent of
poor-laws. His projects for providing for the support of the poor,
without resorting to a compulsory provision, which he regards as
one of the greatest possible evils, are developed in this work. But
while we admit the goodness of his intentions, nothing, as it ap
pears to us, can be more futile and visionary than his schemes;
inore inconsistent with principle, experience, and common sense."
-Lit. of Polit. Economy.
In 1824 he was appointed to the Professorship of Moral
Philosophy in the University of St. Andrew's. Whilst
thus settled he pub. his works on Endowments, his Bridge-
water Treatise, the Lectures on the Romans, and his Poli-
tical Economy in connexion with the Moral State and
Moral Prospects of Society, (Glasgow, 1832, Svo.) This
work also incurs the censure of the celebrated critic whom
we have just quoted:
"The principles which pervade the work are mostly borrowed
from the Economists and Mr. Malthus; and are frequently either
wholly unsound, or carried to such an extreme as to become inap
plicable and absurd. It, however, contains some ingenious dis-
quisitions. It was reviewed in the Edinburgh Review, (vol. lvi.
pp. 52-72.) Dr. Chalmers replied to the reviewers in a pamphlet,
in which he ineffectually endeavoured to vindicate his doctrines
Economy.
from the objections urged against them."-McCulloch's Lit. of Pol.
In 1828 he was removed to the Chair of Theology in the
University of Edinburgh, "the highest academical dis-
tinction which could be bestowed."
Dr. Chalmers was the principal leader of the seceding
party in the difficulties which resulted in the disruption
of the Church of Scotland in 1843. Resigning his pro-
fessor's chair in the University of Edinburgh, he was
elected principal and primarius Professor of Theology to
the seceding body. The degree of LL.D. conferred by the
University of Oxford, and election as a corresponding
member of the Royal Institute of France-"honours
never before accorded to a Presbyterian divine, and seldom
to a Scotsman"-are striking evidences of the esteem in
which this eminent man was held by the most learned
judges of literary merit. On the evening of Sunday,
May 30, 1847, Dr. Chalmers retired to rest "apparently in
perfect health, and died calmly during the night, the bed-
clothes being found undisturbed about his person." He
left a widow and six children-one married to the Rev.
Dr. Hanna of Stirling, an author and editor of the North
British Review, who has since pub. Dr. C.'s posthumous
works, and Memoirs of his Life and Writings. See Lon.
Gent. Mag., July, 1847, to which we are indebted for many
of the above facts. The writings of Dr. C. were pub. by
Messrs. Thomas Constable & Co., Edinburgh, in the fol-
lowing order:
Vols.
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Works; 25 vols. 12mo.
1, 2. Natural Theology.
3, 4. Christian Evidences.
5. Moral Philosophy.
6. Commercial Discourses.
7. Astronomical Discourses.
8, 9, 10. Congregational Sermons.
11. Sermons on Public Occasions.
12. Tracts and Essays.
13. Introductory Essays to Select Authors
14, 15, 16. Polity of Nations.
17. Church Establishments.
18. Church Extension.
19, 20. Political Economy.
21. Parochial System.
22, 23, 24, 25. Lectures on the Romans.
Posthumous Works; edited by the Rev. Dr. Hana, I vors.
Svo., 1847-49.
Daily Scripture Readings, 3 vols.
Sabbath Scripture Readings, 2 vols.
Sermons Illustrative of Different Stages in His Minis-
try, 1 vol.
This volume of the Posthumous Works of the great Scottish
divine has a listinct utility of its own. These discourses extend
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1
over a period of nearly fifty years; they mark the ripening of a
mind originally fortile, and the perfecting of an eloquence forcible
from its earliest effort; but they are still more interesting to the
minister and the religious inquirer, as showing not an education
but a regeneration of the spiritual nature; not a completion, but
a reformation, of belief on the great evangelical articles of our
faith."-Watchman.
Institutes of Theology, 2 vols.
"In 1841 Dr. Chalmers commenced rewriting and remoulding
his Theological Lectures into the form of a complete and compre
hensive Treatise on Systematic Divinity. To this work all his
leisure time was given. None of his published writings received
larger, if so large, a measure of the author's care and thought in
their preparation. He looked forward to it himself, when com-
pleted, as his largest and most matured contribution to the science
of theology; and he has left it nearly in the state in which he de-
signed to present it to public notice.”
"A work worthy of the veteran theologian and preacher whose
masculine yet child-like mind lives in its pages. For the spirit it
breathes. still more than for the views of truth it exhibits, we de-
sire that it may be widely studied among our young preachers and
theological students."-Patriot.
In addition to the above, the reader must procure Me-
moirs of the Life and Writings of Dr. Chalmers. By his son-
in-law, the Rev. Wm. Hanna, LL.D., 4 vols. 8vo, 1849-52.
"Dr. Hanna is to be congratulated on the manner in which he
has fulfilled the important task on which he has now for several
years been engaged. Dr. Chalmers is a man whose life and cha-
racter may well engage many writers; but no one possessed such
materials as Dr. Hanna for writing a biography so full and de-
tailed as was in this case demanded. The four volumes which he
has laid before the public are not only an ample discharge of his
special obligations as regards his splendid subject, but also a much-
needed example of the manner in which biographies of this kind,
combining original narrative with extracts from writings and cor-
respondence, ought to be written."-Lom. Athenæum.
"We find that throughout this article. we have been serving
Dr. Hanna very much as he has served himself in the course of
his labours, in compiling these Memoirs. He, occupied with bis
great subject, has kept himself out of view: and we, warmed at
the same fire, have been almost as forgetful as he himself. But
he will have his revenge of us. All the world has read, or will
presently be reading, what he has written: and thousands of
readers will be grateful to him for what he has done, so well, for
their edification and pleasure; or even if they forget to render
this deserved tribute, it will be because with them as with us, a
Memoir of Chalmers, if worthily compiled. must. in the nature of
the case, quite fill the reader's thoughts and heart, criticism for-
gotten."-ISAAC TAYLOR, in the North British Review.
"We lose no time in recommending our readers to procure this
book, which abounds with choice extracts from the earlier corre
spondence of the true-hearted Dr. Chalmers: throwing much light |
on the progress and development of an intellect destined to exer-
cise an influence so importaut on the Church of his own day, and
to transmit to posterity a legacy so precious.”—Eclectic Review.
It were easy to adduce many more testimonies to the
value of the labours of Dr. Chalmers as a Christian teacher
and a zealous and enlightened philanthropist :-but this
article is already long, and three or four more quotations
must conclude it:
<<
To activity and enterprise he has read a new lesson. To dis-
interested but far-seeing goodness he has supplied a new motive.
To philanthropy he has given new impulse, and to the pulpit new
inspiration. And whilst he has added another to the short cata-
logue of this world's great men, he has gone up, another and a
majestic on-looker, to the cloud of witnesses.”—North_British
Review.
Chalmers, William, M.D., d. 1792. Con. to Med.
Com., 1773.
Prelections on Butler's Analogy, &c., 1 vol.
"Never did Calvinism appear to greater advantage than in these
Prelections. We refer not so much to the victorious argument
that is wielded in its defence, as to the life our professor breathes
into it, and the life that he draws from it. How often is the Ed-
wardean Calvinism of the North defended as a system scientific-
Chaloner, Sir Thomas, 1559-1615, father of the
ally correct, and the argument left there! But the volume before
But the volume before three preceding, was educated at Magdalen College, Ox-
us may convince any one that. rightly interpreted, and savingly ford. He was a great favourite with King James, both
experienced-understood in all its parts, and seen in all its rela- before and after Queen Elizabeth's death, and was in-
tions, it is not more a system of orthodoxy than a source of god-trusted with the education of Prince Henry. A Short
liness."―Journal of Prophecy.
Discourse of the most rare and excellent virtue of Nitre,
Lon., 1584, 4to.
"In this he discovers very considerable knowledge of chemistry
and mineralogy."
"To commend these works is superfluous; they have met with
universal approbation from the British press and public. That
the periodical press, representing so great a variety of religious
and political opinions, should have so generally noticed them. and
that too with high commendation, is a circumstance exceedingly
rare, if not unparalleled. They have charms for the merely lite-
in quarters from which it would otherwise be excluded."-Kitto's
Journal: Notice of the Posthumous Wirls.
"We meet Dr. Chalmers as we should the war-horse in Job, with |
feelings which almost unfit us for marking his port. or measuring
his paces: his neck is clothed with thunder: the glory of his
nostrils is terrible; he paweth in the valley, and rejoiceth in his
strength.' Such a champion in the arena of spiritual warfare
ought to be hailed with acclamations, and heralded by every loyal
trumpet on the walls of Zion."-Congregational Magazine.
"Known and prized throughout Europe and America, the works
of Dr. Chalmers have taken that elevated place in our permanent
national literature which must always command for them the
study and admiration of every person."
"As specimens of sacred eloquence, sound philosophy, and as
Impressive exhibitions of evangelical truth and duty, his works
will doubtless be read as long as the English language is under-
stood."-DR. E. WI IAMS.
Chaloner, Edward, D. D., 1590-1625, educated at
Magdalen Hall, Oxford, became chaplain to James I., and
Principal of Alban Hall. Six Sermons, Lon., 1623, Svo,
Sermon, 1624, 4to. Six Sermons, Oxf., 1629, 4to.
"Able for the pulpit, and well read in polemical divinity, as
some of his lucubrations shew. There was nothing of his compo
sition so mean, which the greatest person did not value."—Athen.
Oxon.
Chaloner, James, d. 1661, brother of the preceding,
was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford. Description
of the Isle of Man, printed at the end of King's Vale Royal
of Cheshire, Lon., 1656, fol.
Chaloner, Thomas, brother of the preceding, was
educated at Exeter College, Oxford. Political Treatises
relative to Charles I., Lon., 1616. A true and exact Re-
lation of the strange finding out of Moses his Tomb, in a
Valley near unto Mount Nebo in Palestina, &c., Lon.,
1657, Svo.
"This book at its first appearance, made a great noise, and
pusled the Presbyterian rabbies for a time: at length the author
thereof being known, and his story found to be a meer sham, the
book became ridiculous."-Athcn. Oxon.
Chaloner, Sir Thomas, 1515?-1565, educated at
Cambridge, father of the preceding, was sent by Queen
Elizabeth as ambassador first to Germany, and subse-
quently to Spain. He was distinguished as a soldier, a
statesman, and an author. The Office of Servants, from
the Latin of Cognatus, Lon., 1543. Svo. Trans. from St.
Chrysostom, 1544, Svo. Trans. of Moria Encomium, 1549.
In Laudem Henrici Octavi, &c., 1560, 4to. De Republica
Anglorum, &c.; libri decem; i. e. of the Reforming or
Restoring [right ordering] of the English Republic, 1579,
4to written during his leisure hours during his Embassy
to Spain:
"At a time when he spent the winter in a stove, and the sum-
mer in a barn."-Preface to the work,
Written in learned and elegant Latin verse."-WOOD.
De Illustrium quorundum encomiis Miscellanea, cum
Epigrammatibus ac Epitaphiis nonnullis; printed with the
above. A Little Dictionary for Children.
66
The most lively imagination, the most solid judgment, the
quickest parts, and the most unblemished probity, which are
commonly the lot of different men, and when so dispersed fre
quently create great characters, were, which very rarely happens,
all united in Sir Thomas Chaloner; justly therefore reputed one
of the greatest men of his time."--Biog. Bril.; quoted from Sir
William Cecil's Eulogium.
Chamber, John, d. 1549. A Treatise against Ju-
dicial Astrologie, Lon., 1601, 4to.
C
Roughly handled by Sir Christ. Heyden in his Defence of Ju-
dicial Astrology, [Camb., 1603, ±to.”]
Astronomia Encomium, Latin and English, 1601, 4to.
Trade, &c., 1696, 4to.
Chamberlain, David. Counterfeit Money, and
Chamberlain, Chamberlen, Chamberlayne,
Hugh, M.D., 1664-1728, known as the inventor of an
obstetric forceps, afterwards improved by Smellie and
others, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. His
extensive practice enabled him to amass a large fortune.
Midwife's Practice, Lon., 1665, Svo. Practice of Physick,
1664, 12mo. Trans. of Mauricenus's Midwifery, 1683.
Manuale Medicum, 1685, 12mo. Queries relative to the
Practice of Physick, 1694, 12mo.
Chamberlain, John. Blow at Infidelity, 1801, 8vo.
Chamberlain, John. New Testament Church,
Lon., 18mo.
.i
A vast deal of useful matter in a small compass."-Baptist
Mag.. 1820.
Chamberlain, or Chamberlin, Mason. Poems,
1800–01, Svo.
Chamberlain, or Chamberlayne, Robert, b.
Lon., 1638, 16mo. Swaggering Damsel, a Comedy, 1640,
1607. Nocturnall Lucubrations; Epigrams and Epitaphs,
4to.
A Pastoral.
Chamberlain, Robert. Arithmetical Works, 1679.
Chamberlain, Thomas, D.D. Serm., 1730, 8vo.
Chamberlain, Thomas. A Help to Knowledge,
Lon., 1839, 12mo. The Theory of Christian Worship, Svo,
"A volume of by no means ordinary sermons."-Guardian.
Selected Letters, 12mo. Windsor, a Poem, 12mo.
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|
Chamberlaine, or Chamberlayne, Edward,
1616-1703, a native of Gloucestershire, was educated at
Oxford. The Present War paralleled, 1647; 1660, with
title slightly altered. England's Wants, 1667. Angliæ
Notitia, or the Present State of England, &c., 1668, Svo;
many edits.; the first 20 of which were pub. by Edward
Chamberlaine, and the rest by his son. Several Theolog.
and Political Works.
Chamberlaine, or Chamberlain, Henry. His-
tory and Survey of London and Westminster, Lon., 1769,
'70, fol.
"An inaccurate publication.”—LOWNDES.
Chamberlaine, Jas. Sacred Poem, Lon., 1680, Svo.
Chamberlaine, or Chamberlayne, John, d. 1723,
son of EDWARD CHAMBERLAINE. (q.r.,) was educated at Trin.
College, Oxford, and distinguished as a linguist. He con-
tinued his father's Anglia Notitia, and pub. some trans-
lations and other works, of which we notice, A Treasure of
Health, from the Italian, Lon., 1686, Svo. The Religious
Philosopher, from the Dutch of Nieuwentyt, 1718, 3 vols.
Svo;
and Dissertations, 1723, fol. Of the Notitia, which
Of the Notitia, which
saw 30 to 40 edits., Mr. McCulloch remarks, referring to
the want of good statistical works at that period,
Its statistical information is meagre in the extreme; but,. . .
till the present century, there were none better by which to super-
sede it."-Lit. of Polit. Economy.
Chamberlaine, John. Imitations of Original Draw-
ings, by Hans Holbein, with Biographical Tracts by Ed-
mund Lodge, 14 numbers pub. at £37 168., Lon., 1792-
1800, 2 vols., atlas fol.
"The biographical tracts are derived from no common sources,
and exhibit the recondite research and happiness of display for
which Mr. Lodge is so remarkable."-LOWNDES.
Other publications of Engravings, 1797, fol.
Chamberlaine, Joseph. Almanac, Lon.,1631,12mo.
Chamberlaine, Nath. Tractatus de Literis et
Lingua Philosophica, Dubl., 1679, 4to.
Chamberlaine, Richard. CompleteJustice, 1681,Svo.
Chamberlaine, Richard. Lithobolica: Stone-
hrowing Devil, Lon., 1698, 4to.
Chamberlaine, William, Surgeon. Professional
Essays, Lon., 1784-1813. Con. to Mem. Med., 1789-99.
Chamberlayne, Barth. Sermons, 1613.
Chamberlayne, Israel, D. D., b. 1795, N. Y. The
Past and the Future. Australian Captive, &c. Contributed
extensively to various Religious and Temperance Journals.
Chamberlayne, Capt. S. E. Court Martial on,
1809.
Chamberlayne, or Chamberlain, or Chamber-
lane, William, 1619-1689, à native of Dorsetshire, was
a soldier, physician, and poet. Love's Victory; a Tragi-
Comedy, Lon., 1658, 4to. A portion of this appeared on
the Stage in 1678, under the title of Wits Led by the Nose,
or a Poet's Revenge. Pharronida; a Heroick Poem,
1659, Svo.
This Poem, though it hath nothing extraordinary to recom-
mend it, yet appeared abroad in Prose, 1683, under the Title of a
Novel called Eromena, or The Noble Stranger."-Langbaine's
Dram. Poets.
"Never, perhaps, was so much beautiful design in poetry marred
by infelicity of execution: his ruggedness of versification, abrupt
transitions, and a style that is at once slovenly and quaint, per-
petually interrupt us in enjoying the splendid figures and spirited
passions of this romantic tablet, and makes us catch them only by
glimpses."-CAMPBELL.
Mr. Campbell exhumed this poet for a season, but he
seems to be again "quietly inurned."
"A poet who has told an interesting story in uncouth rhymes,
and mingles sublimity of thought and beauty of expression with
the quaintest conceits and most awkward inversions."-SOUTHEY:
note to Joan of Arc; and see Cens. Lit.; and Retrosp. Rev.
Chambers, Charles. Account of the Earthquake at
Madeira, Phil. Trans., 1755.
Chambers, Chambre, or Chalmers, David, a
Scottish historian, judge, and lawyer, 1530-1592, was a
native of Ross, and educated in the University of Aberdeen,
and at Bologna. He travelled on the Continent for some
time, and returning home in 1556, took holy orders, and
was presented to the parish of Suddie, of which he was
made Chancellor. He was an adherent of Queen Mary,
who in 1564 created him a Lord of Session by the title of
Lord Ormond. He left home when no longer able to serve
the failing cause of his queen, and died at Paris. He as-
sisted in the compilation of the Scottish Act of Parliament,
(Black Acts, 1566,) and was employed in digesting the
Laws of Scotland. Histoire Abrégeé de tous les Roys de
France, Angleterre, et Ecosse, &c., Paris, 1579, Svo.
"The affairs of his own country are his chief subject, and what
he had principally in view: and he pretends to give the marrow
Book of Scone, the old Chronicles of Icolnkil, &c. Whereas, in
of whatever had been offered to the world by Veremund, the Black
truth, Boethius is his main author; and the rest are only orna-
ments of his preface."-BISHOP NICOLSON: Scottish Hist. Library.
Chamberlen, Hugh, M.D. Papers relating to a
Bank of Credit upon Land Security, 1693, 4to. The Con-
stitution of the Office of Land Credit declared in a Deed
by H. C. and others, Lon., 1698, 12mo. See McCulloch's
Lit. of Polit. Economy, p. 160. A Few Proposals relative to
Land Credit, Edin., 1700, 4to. Petition and Proposals, fol.
Chamberlen, Paul, M.D. A Philosophical Essay
on the celebrated Anodyne Necklace, Lon., 1717, 4to.
Chamberlen, Paul. History of the Reign of Queen
Anne, Lon., 1738. Hist. and Antiq. of the Ancient Egyp-
tians, Babylonians, Romans, Assyrians, Medes, Persians,
Grecians, and Carthagenians, 1738, fol.
Chamberlen, often spelt CHAMBERLAIN, CHAMBER-
LAINE, CHAMBERLANE, and CHAMBERLAYNE; all of which |
refer to.
Chamberlon, Peter, M.D. Theolog. and political
works, 1648-62, &c.
Chambers, C. H. Legal Treatises, Lon., 1819, '23.
See CHAMBERS, SIR ROBERT.
La recherche des Singularités plus Remarkables concern-
ant le Estat d'Ecosse. Discours de la légitime Succession
des Femmes aux Possession de leur Parens, et du Gouvern-
ment des Princesses aux Empires et Royaumes. All pub.
at Paris, 1579, Svo. Inter scriptores, 16 a Jebb, Lon., 1705,
tom. i. p. 1.
He tells us that the work upon the Succession of Women
to the Inheritance of their Parents was written in defence
of his Royal Mistress, Queen Mary. Dempster commends
him highly:
"Sive Camerarius Abredonensis, in Galliæ celebri admodum no-
mine vixit: vir multa et variae lectionis, nec inamomi ingenii.”—
Vide Mackenzie's Writers of the Scots Nation; and Vitus in his Hist.
Brit.
"It appears from his Works that he was a Man of great Reading,
a good Divine, an eminent Lawyer, a judicious Historian, a loyal
Subject, and well seen in the Greek, Latin, English. French, Italian,
and Spanish Languages; but especially, it is much to be admired,
that he attained to such Perfection in the French Language, that
he made Choice of it to write all his Works in.”—MACKENZIE, ubi
supra.
Chambers, Ephraim, d. 1740, author of the well-
known scientific Dictionary which bears his name, was a
native of Kendal, Westmoreland. He was placed with Mr.
Senex, a globe-maker, as apprentice, and was encouraged
by his master in his taste for scientific investigation. After
quitting Mr. Senex, he took chambers at Gray's Inn, (his
principal residence for the rest of his life,) and assiduously
devoted himself to the preparation of his Dictionary, the
first edition of which appeared in 1728, 2 vols. fol., pub. by
a subscription of four guineas, with a large list of subscri-
bers. The value of Mr. Chambers's labours was handsomely
acknowledged, Nov. 6, 1729, by his being elected F.R.S.
A second edition, with corrections and additions, was pub.
in 1738. Mr. C. had projected a new work, rather than a
new edition, and more than twenty sheets on this plan were
printed, with the design of publishing a volume yearly until
the completion of the whole. But this plan was abandoned
in consequence of an Act then agitated in Parliament,
which contained a clause obliging the publishers of all im-
proved editions of books to print their improvements sepa-
rately.This Bill passed the Commons, but was negatived
in the House of Lords. In 1739 a third edition was called
for, a fourth in 1741, and a fifth in 1746. After the edition
of 1746 the work was greatly enlarged; first by Mr. Scott
and Dr. Hill, afterwards by Dr. Rees, Lon., 1781-86, 4 vols.
fol., £11, or 418 numbers at 6d. each. In this edition the
Supplement, which was pub. Lon., 1755, 2 vols. fol., and
modern improvements, were incorporated in one alphabet.
Dr. Rees's New Cyclopediæ, 1803-19, 85 parts, 45 vols. 4to,
is an invaluable treasury of scientific knowledge.
Mr. Chambers was also concerned in the Literary Maga-
zine, begun in 1735, and in a trans. and abridgment of The
Philosophical History and Memoirs of the Royal Academy
of Sciences at Paris, &c., 1742, 5 vols. Svo. The following
remarks in connexion with Mr. Chambers's great work are
not without interest:
"While the second edition of Chambers's Cyclopædia, the pride
of Booksellers, and the honour of the English Nation, was in the
press, I went to the author, and begged leave to add a single sylla
ble to his magnificent work: and that for Cyclopædia, he would
write Encyclopædia. To talk to the writer of a Dictionary, is like
talking to the writer of a Magazine; every thing adds to his parcel,
[we quote this feelingly!] and, instead of contributing one sylla
ble, I was the occasion of a considerable paragraph. I told him
that the addition of the preposition en made the meaning of the
word more precise; that Cyclopædia might denote the instruction
of a circle, as Cyropædia is the instruction of Cyrus, the ou in com-
position, being twined in o; but that, if he wrote Encyclopedia,
it determined it to be from the dative of Cyclus, instruction in a
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cicle. I urged, secondly, that Vossius had observed in his book
de Vitiis Sermonis, that Cyclopædia was used by some authors. but
Encyclopaedia by the best. This deserved some regard. and he
paid to it the best he could: he made an article of his title to jus-
tify it."-W. BOWYER: Nichols's Library Anecdotes, v. 660.
In 1830 Mr. William Chambers gave to the world The
laws, and institutions of that part of the United Kingdom.
Book of Scotland, a general description of the customs,
In 1833 the brothers published a work, the result of their
joint labours-A Gazetteer of Scotland. In 1832 William
projected the Edinburgh (Weekly) Journal, which imme-
diately obtained a circulation of 50,000, and by 1844,
when the folio was exchanged for the octavo form, 90,000
copies were required to supply the demand. Complete
sets of this valuable periodical sometimes occur for sale,
and should be procured for the library as a valuable repo-
sitory of instructive and entertaining literature. The
success of this Journal induced the brothers to enter into
Chambers, Mariana. He Deceives Himself; a Do-
mestic Tale, 1799, 3 vols. 12mo. The School for Friends;
Com., 1804, Svo. Ourselves; Com., 1811, Svo.
Chambers, Peter. They must needs go that the
Devil drives; or, a Whip for Traitors, Lon., 1652, 4to.
Chambers, Richard. Petition to Parliament, Lon.,
partnership. The results of this union are seen in The
People's edition of Standard English Authors, the Educa-
tional Course, Chambers's Miscellany, Tracts, Papers for
the People, &c. (See Men of the Time, Lon., 1853, to
which we are indebted for many of the above facts.) The
Select Writings of Robert Chambers have been pub. in 7
vols., the first four of which contain his Essays. In
1844 Mr. Robert Chambers pub. a work which claims a
far higher rank than any preceding compilation of the
same character. This was A Cyclopædia of English Lite-
rature; A Critical and Biographical History of English
Writers in all departments of Literature, illustrated by
Specimens of their Writings, 2 vols. r. imp. Svo. It is
difficult to speak too highly of the merits of this compre-
hensive and judicious work. No less than 832 authors
are noticed, and the specimens presented of some of the
choicest treasures of English lore enable the reader to im-
Chambers, Robert, first confessor to the English prove his literary taste while he augments his biographical
Benedictine Nuns at Brussels. Miracles lately wrought by knowledge. Researches of a similar character may per-
the Intercession of the Virgin Mary at Mont-aigu, Antw.,haps entitle us to give an opinion in the premises, and we
1606, Svo; a trans. from the French. Serms., Lon.,1620,4to. add our testimony to the value of this excellent work, and
Chambers, Robert. See WILLIAM and ROBERT commend it to the attention of every one who desires an
CHAMBERS.
introduction to the English classics. It is well worth four
times the trifle which will place it in the reader's posses-
sion. In a few years after its appearance, 130,000 copies
were sold in England; and there has been a large sale of
the American reprint. New ed.. with additions, 1858.
1646, fol.
Chambers, Richard. Introduction to Arithmetic,
1809, Svo.
-
"From what I know of the literary reputation and writings of
Mr. Robert Chambers, I should be disappointed if he were not
qualified for the task.
qualified for the task. . . . The work will put the reader in the
proper point of view for surveying the whole ground over which
he is travelling."-WILLIAM H. PRESCOTT.
Bowyer at one time entertained the idea so happily car-
ried out subsequently by Dr. Rees-of an enlargement and
improvement of the Cyclopædia-we beg his pardon-En-
cyclopædia. Mr. Clarke thus refers to it:
"Your project of improving and correcting Chambers is a very
good one; but, alas! who can execute it? You should have as
many undertakers as professions; nay, perhaps, as many Antiqua
ries as there are different branches of antient learning."-Nichols's
Lit. Anec.: ubi supra.
Chambers, Geo. Treat. against Judicial Astrology.
Chambers, Humphrey. Serins., &c., Lon.. 1643-55.
Chambers, J. Harmony of the Gospels, 1813, 8vo.
Chambers, J. D. Legal compilations and Treatises,
Lon., 1832-42.
Chambers, John. History of Malvern, Worcest.,
1818, Svo. Biographical Illustrations of Worcestershire,
1819, 8vo.
Chambers, Sir Robert, 1737-1803, Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court of Judicature in Bengal, a native of
Newcastle-on-Tyne, was educated at the University of Ox-
ford, and became a Fellow of University College. In 1762
he succeeded Sir William Blackstone as Vinerian Professor
of the Laws of England, and filled the duties of this re-
sponsible position until 1774, when he sailed for India,
where he remained for twenty-five years, returning to Eng-
land in 1799. A selection from his lectures delivered at
Oxford was pub. in 1824, Svo, (edited by C. H. Chambers,)
entitled A Treatise on Estates and Tenures.
Chambers, Sabin. The Garden of the Virgin Mary,
St. Om., 1519, Svo.
Chambers, T. and G. Tattersall. Laws relative
to Buildings, &c., with a Glossary, Lon., 1845, 12mo. Me-
tropolitan Building Act, 7 and 8 Vict., c. 84, 1845, 12mo.
Mr. C. and A. T. T. Peterson have pub. a Treatise on the
Law of Railway Companies. 1848, 8vo.
Chambers, William, D.D. Scoticanæ Ecclesiæ In-
fantia virilis Etas Senectus, Paris. 1643, 4to.
We beg to add upon our own account, that no father of
satisfied until the whole of the Messrs. Chambers's publi-
a family, or director of a Library Company, should be
the reader an excellent article in the Dublin University'
cations are procured. We commend to the attention of
Magazine, entitled WILLIAM AND ROBERT CHAMBERS, in
which the interesting history of the brothers is sketched
with a graphic pencil. They are well described as
·
Chambers, William and Robert, born at Peebles,
Scotland, the first about 1800, the second about 1802, are not
only distinguished as eminent public benefactors by their
wide-spread distribution of valuable knowledge, but also
occupy a highly respectable position in the ranks of authors.
Both of them men of remarkable native power, both of them
Mr. Robert Chambers's first work. The Traditions of Edin-trained to habits of business and punctuality, both of them up-
burgh, was pub. in 1824, and met with immediate and de- held in all their dealings by strict prudence and conscientiousness.
served success. In 1826 he pub. The Popular Rhymes of and both of them practised. according to their different aims and
Scotland; in the following year his Picture of Scotland;
tendencies, in literary labour.”
and shortly afterwards three volumes of histories of the
Scottish Rebellions, two of a Life of James I., and three
volumies of Scottish Ballads and Songs. His Biographical
Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen, in 4 volumes, was com-
menced in 1832 and concluded in 1835. This work elicited
warm commendation, and added to the reputation of the
intelligent author. (Revised ed., 1855, 5 vols. Svo. The
5th vol. is by the Rev. Thomas Thomson.)
"There is not a page in the volume that can be pronounced un-
worthy of the undertaking; which will form a STANDARD WORK in
the LITERATURE OF SCOTLAND, and a book of reference in every li-
brary throughout the British dominions.”—New Monthly Mag.
"No Scotsman who has any reverence for the great names that
have done honour to Scotland. should be without this work, if he
can at all afford to purchase it."-Glasgow Free Press.
"It is a standard work, and honourable to every library in
which it may find a place.”—Metropolitan Mag.
"The biographical sketches are executed in the author's happiest
manner,-characterized by that unfailing tone of kindness and
good-humour which is the finest trait both in his character and
writings.... His materials are, we know, abundant: consisting
not only of collections which he had for years been silently mak-
lug, but also of those which his publishers, unaware of his inten-
tions, had accumulated for a similar work."-Edinburgh Literary
Journal.
Amer. ed.
Information for the People. 2 vols. r. imp. Svo. Also
Amer. ed. Nearly 200.000 copies of this work have been
Domestic Annals of Scotland, 1858, 2 vols. demy Sro.
sold in Europe and America. Life and Works of Burns.
William Chambers is the author of A Tour in Holland in
1838 Things as They Are in America; Peebles and its
Neighbourhood: Improved Dwelling-Houses for the Hum-
bler and Other Classes in Cities; American Slavery, &c.
"Much of Robert Chambers's leisure time has been devoted to
scientific pursuits, and especially to geology,-the result of which
has been given to the public in a handsomely-illustrated volume,
entitled Ancient Sea-Margins as illustrative of Changes of the
Relative Level of Sea and Land.”
It was a noble resolve announced by William Chambers
in the opening address of the Edinburgh Journal:
"I see the straight path of moral responsibility before me, and
shall, by the blessing of God, adhere to the line of rectitude and
duty.”
Chambers, Sir William, 1726-1796, an eminent
architect, of Scottish parentage of the family of CHAL-
MERS, of Scotland, Barons of Tartas in France-was
born at Stockholm, but sent to England when two years
of age. He pub. two volumes of Designs, &c., 1757, '63,
fol. a Dissertation on Oriental Gardening, 1774, 4to; and
a Treatise on Civil Architecture, 1759, fol.; 4th edit.,
edited by Joseph Gwilt, 1825, 2 vols. imp. Svo. Mr. Pap-
worth also has edited this work.
66
The most sensible book, and the most exempt from prejudices,
that ever was written upon that science."-HORACE WALPOLE.
The Heroic Epistle to Sir William Chambers, attributed
to Mason, excited much attention at the time of its publi-
cation.
•
365
CHA
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Chambre, Richard. Sermons, 1710, '11.
Chambre, Rowland. Sermon, 1759, 4to.
Chambre, Willelmus de. Historia de Episcopis
Dunelmensis, ab anno 1333 ad annum 1559, cum notis
Hen. Wharton. Vide Wharton's Anglia Sacra, (i. 689,)
Lon., 1691, 2 vols. fol.
Chambres, Charles. Sermons, 1715, '22, '29, '33.
Chamier, Frederick, Captain, R.N., b. at London
in 1796, has written a number of very popular works,
which have been complimented by a translation into Ger-
man. The Life of a Sailor, 1834. Ben Brace, 1835. The
Arethusa, 1836. Jack Adams, 1838.
Jack Adams, 1838. Tom Bowline, 1839.
"One of the most characteristic, spirited, and entertaining illus-
trations of sea life that our recent literature has furnished."-
Naval and Military Gazette.
The Naval Sketches of Chamier are truths touched slightly by
the fingers of fiction."-ALLAN CUNNINGHAM.
Trevor Hastings, 1841. Passion and Principle, 1843.
Other works. Captain Chamier was in Paris during the
Revolution of 1848, and pub. a Review of the scenes wit-
nessed by him, in 2 vols. 8vo.
"A graphic, most exciting sketch, overflowing with incident
and anecdote."-Lon. Allas.
Much as we have heard about the French Revolution, this
dashing account from the pen of an eye-witness of no common
talent or powers of description, will gratify no small share of pub
lic curiosity."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
Chamier, John. Weather at Madras, 1787-SS.
Champney, Anthony. Vocation of Bishops, Douay,
1616, 4to.
Champion, Anthony, 1724-25-1801, educated at
St. Mary Hall, Oxford, served in two Parliaments, 1754
and 1761. A collection of his Miscellanies in Prose and
Verse, English and Latin, was pub. by his friend William
Henry, Lord Lyttleton, in 1801, Svo.
"From his Miscellanies it is discernible that he was a polite
scholar, and had many qualities of a poet, but not unmixed with
a love for those disgusting images in which Swift delighted."
Champion, J. The Progress of Freedom; a Poem,
Lon., 1776, 4to. Poems imitated from the Persian, 1787,
4to. The Poems of Ferdosi; trans. from the Persian,
17S8, 4to; 1799.
"Ferdosi is the Homer, and the Shah Nameh the Iliad, of
Persia."
Champion, Joseph, b. 1709, at Chatham, was a
celebrated penman. He pub. a number of manuals upon
penmanship. 1733-60.
Champion, Richard. Reflections on G. Britain,
1787, Svo; its political, commercial, and civil state.
Champlin, James Tift, b. 1811, in Connecticut.
Grad. Brown Univ. 1834; Prof. Languages Waterville
Coll.; a distinguished classical scholar. English Gram-
mar. Greek Grammar. Translated and remodelled
Kühner's Latin Grammar; Kühner's Latin Exercises.
Editor of Demosthenes on the Crown; Eschines on the
Crown; Popular Orations of Demosthenes. Review of
Grote's Greece, &c.
Champney, or Champneis, John. The Harvest,
&c., 1548, 4to; a religious work.
Champney, T. Medical and Chirurgical Reform,
1797. 8vo.
Chance, Henry. A Treatise on Powers, Lon., 1831,
2 vols. 8vo. Suppl., bringing the Enactments and Cases
down to 1841; 1841, Svo.
"It is profound. learned, and practical, more full than Sir E.
Sugden's work upon the same subject; and, perhaps, in some in-
stances, unnecessarily diffuse."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Chancel, A. D. Journey over Europe, Lon., 1714, 8vo.
Chancy, Charles. His Retraction, Lon., 1641, 4to.
Chandler. Debates H. of Lords, 1660-1741, Lon., 1752,
8 vols.; in H. of Commons, 1660-1741; 1752, 14 vols.
Chandler, B., M.D. Med. Essays, 1767, '84, Svo.
Chandler, Benjamin. 1. Essay. 2. Apology, 1714,
2 vols. Svo.
Chandler, Mary G. The Elements of Character, 16mo.
Chandler, Peleg W. The Bankrupt Law of the
United States, Bost., 1842, 12mo. American Criminal
Trials, Bost., 1844, 2 vols. 12mo.
Chandler, Richard, D.D., 1738-1810, a native of
Hampshire, entered of Queen's College, Oxford, in 1755,
was sent by the Dilettanti Society in 1764 to travel in Asia
Minor and Greece, in company with Revett, the architect,
and Pars, the painter.
Review of and Pars, the painter. They returned to England in 1766.
The results of their investigations were given to the world
by the Society in 1769, fol.; vol. ii., edited by the Society,
1797, fol., 100 plates and vignettes. In 1774, fol., was
pub. Inscriptiones Antiquæ, &c., which should accompany
Gruter's work. Travels in Asia Minor, 1775, 4to; and in
Greece, 1776, 4to, and in 1817, 2 vols. 4to; and (with a
Life of Dr. C.) by Rev. R. Churton, 1835, 2 vols. 8vo; in
French, Paris, 1806.
A Vindication of the above work, 1728, 2 vols. 12mo
Chandler, Elizabeth M., 1807-1834, a native of
Delaware. Poetical Works and Essays, with a Memoir of
her Life and Character, Philadelphia, 1836. Many of Miss
C.'s Essays are of a philanthropic character.
"A very elaborate and learned work, executed with great
ment."-DR. LELAND.
Chandler, Ellen Louise, b. 1835, a native of Pom-
fret, Connecticut, commenced contributing to periodicals
when only fifteen years of age. Her first volume, This,
That, and the Other, was pub. in May, 1854, and a 2d edi-
tion followed in the ensuing August. See Hart's Female
Prose Writers of America.
Chandler, Caroline H., a native of Philadelphia,
formerly Miss Hieskill, has contributed some poetical pieces
to the periodicals.
"They evince a warm and impassioned temperament, ardent
feelings, and great poetic sensibility."-Mrs. Hale's Woman's Record.
Chandler, Edward, D.D., d. 1750; educated at
Emanuel College, Cambridge; Bishop of Lichfield, 1717;
of Durham, 1730. Sermons pub. separately, 1707, '10, '15,
'16, '18, '24; a Charge, &c.
Charge, &c. Defence of Christianity, from
the Prophecies of the Old and New Testament; wherein
ure considered all the objections against this kind of proof,
advanced in a late Discourse on the grounds and reasons
of the Christian Religion, [by Anthony Collins,] Lon.,
1725, 8vo.
Chandler, George, Surgeon. Treatise on a Cataract,
Lon., 1755, Svo. Treat. on Diseases of the Eye, 1780, 8vo.
Chandler, George, LL.D., of Southam. Eight Ser-
mons at the Bampton Lecture, 1825, Oxf., 1825.
Chandler, Henry. Sermons, 1699, 1718, Svo.
Chandler, John. Proceeds. agst. Quakers, 1662, 4to.
Chandler, John. The Small-Pox, Lon., 1729, Svo.
A Treatise on a Cold, 1761, Svo.
Chandler, John.
Chandler, John. Coasting Directions, 1778, 4to.
Chandler, John. Sir Herbert; a Ballad, 1800, Svo.
Chandler, John. Hymns and Sermon, 1837, '39.
Chandler, Joseph R., b. 1792, Kingston, Plymouth
Co., Mass., for many years a resident of Philadelphia, and
formerly its representative in the National Congress, is a
writer of no ordinary merit. As editor of the United States
Gazette, he wrote many miscellaneous essays, which elicited
general admiration. 1. A Grammar of the English Lan-
guage, Phila., 1821, 12mo, pp. 180; revised ed., 1847,
12mo, pp. 208. 2. Address before the Pennsylvania Peace
3. Masonic Discourses, 1844, 8vo:
Society, 1829, Svo.
delivered whilst Grand-Master of Pennsylvania. 4. Ora-
tion before the Society of the Sons of New England in
1845, Svo, 1846. 5. Address before the Franklin Insti-
6. Address at the Girard Col-
tute, [Phila.,] 1847, Svo.
lege in 1848. 7. Social Duties: an Address before the
"Girard Brotherhood" of the Girard College, 1855, 8vo.
S. Fourth Celebration of the Landing of the Pilgrims of
Maryland: an Oration, 1855, Svo.
Maryland: an Oration, 1855, Svo. Also, Speeches de-
livered in Congress, pub. separately.
Chandler, Mary, 1687-1745, a native of Wiltshire,
resided at Bath. Poems, Svo; several edits.
Mr. Pope visited her at Bath, and complimented her for her
poem on that place. . . . Mrs. Rowe was one of her particular
friends."
•
"These are valuable travels to the antiquarian. The author,
guided by Pausanias (as respects Greece, Strabo for that country
and Asia Minor.) and Pliny, has described with wonderful accuracy
and perspicuity the ruins of the cities of Asia Minor, its temples,
theatres, &c."—Stevenson's Hist. Sketch of Discovery. N. and C.
History of Illium or Troy, 1802, 4to. In 1763 he edited
the Marmora Oxoniensia, Oxf., fol.; and left in MS. a Life
of William Waynflete, which was pub. in 1811, Svo.
Chandler, Samuel. Theolog. Discourses, &c., 1691,'99.
Chandler, Samuel, D.D., 1693-1756, an eminent
Dissenting minister, a native of Berkshire, was educated
at an academy at Tewkesbury, and completed his studies
at Leyden. In 1716 he took charge of a Presbyterian
congregation at Peckham. Having lost his fortune, ho
opened a book-store in London, still discharging his minis-
terial duties. He was highly esteemed through life for his
learning and piety. Of his many publications, 1722-77,
we notice the following: A Vindication of the Christian.
Religion; in two parts, Lon., 1728, Svo. The first part
contains a Discourse on Miracles, the 2d an answer to
Tindal's Discourse on the Grounds and Reasons of the
Christian Religion. Plain Reasons for being a Christian,
1730, 8vo. A Paraphrase and Crit. Comment. on Joel,
1735, 4to.
"The criticism is not of a high order, and many important diffi-
judg-culties in Joel remain untouched."-Orme.
"Critical and illustrative."-BICKERSTETIL.
366
CHA
CHA
· Dr. C. projected a commentary upon each of the pro-
phetical books. A Vindication of the Hist. of the Old Testa-
ment, 1741, 8vo. This was an answer to Morgan's Moral
Philosopher. A Critical History of the Life of David,
1766, 2 vols. 8vo. (The Review of the History of the Man
after God's own Heart was pub. in 1762.)
"This very learned and valuable work contains a successful
vindication of many parts of David's conduct to which exceptions
have been taken by skeptics and unbelievers. It throws great
light also upon many of the Psalmis, not a few of which are here
presented to the reader in a new and improved translation."-DR.
E. WILLIAME.
"Chandler's Life of David is more critical and sober in judgment
than Delany's; but the latter has finer thoughts and more taste.
Chandler too much palliates David's crimes."BICKERSTETH.
"It is the most valuable of all Chandler's productions, abound-
ing with solid learning. accurate research, and many important
and original views. . . . It is very far superior to the work of
Delany on the same subject."-ORME: q. v. for the cause of its pub-
lication.
"A book above all praise. It was occasioned by the publication,
in 1762, of a vile and blasphemous tract entitled The History of
the Man after God's own Heart. Dr. Chandler has illustrated many
of the Psalms in an admirable manner."-HORNE.
Sermons, from his MSS.; with Life, &c. by Amory,
1768, 4 vols. 8vo.
"A vein of goodness and rational piety pervades the whole."-
Lon. Critical Review.
"His practical discourses are excellent: there is such a fulness
of thought upon every subject which Dr. Chandler treats as is
rarely met with and shows a mind richly furnished."-Lon. Month.
Rev.
Mr. White pub. in 1777, 4to, from Dr. C.'s MSS., bis
Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles to the Galatians
and Ephesians, with a Crit. and Prac. Comment. on the
Epistles to the Thessalonians.
*
The author adheres most closely and constantly to the spirit
of the original," &c.-WHITE.
"Dr. Chandler's sentiments were too incorrect on some im-
portant subjects to leave him capable of doing full justice to Paul's
Epistles. He was an Arian,-the effects of which appear in the
unnatural coldness of his style on some of those topics which
warmed and elevated the souls of holy men of old, as well as in
his perverted interpretations of various passages.”—ORME.
See Horne's Introduc.; and Lon. Monthly Rev., O. S.,
lvi. 161.
"He was not a man of strictly evangelical views; but he pos-
eessed great learning, very strong sense, inflexible resolution, and
was a zealous advocate of divine revelation. His four volumes of
Sermons are well worth reading.”—DR. E. WILLIAMS.
Chandler, William. Sermon, Lon., 1682, 4to.
Chanler, Isaac, 1701-1749. Sermons, &c., 1704.
Channel, Elinor. A Message from God to the Pro-
tector, 1653.
many valuable tracts, essays, and discourses on medical
subjects.
Channing, Edward Tyrrel, LL.D., 1790-1856,
brother of Dr. Wm. Ellery Channing, and Walter Chan-
ning, M.D., (q.v.,) Prof. of Rhetoric and Oratory in Har-
vard College from 1819 to '51,-"where the exactness of
his instruction, his cultivated taste, and his highly-disci-
plined mental powers gave him an eminent reputation
with his pupils." He edited vols. vii., viii., and ix. of the
N. American Review, and contributed many articles to
subsequent volumes of that journal. He is the author of
the Life of his grandfather, William Ellery, in Sparks's
Amer. Biog.; and in 1856 was pub. his Lectures read be-
fore the Seniors of Harvard College, with a Biographical
Notice by R. H. Dana, Jr., Bost., 12mo.
Channing, John. De Variolis et Morbillis, Arabice
et Latine, cum aliis nonnullis ejusdem argumenti, Lon.,
Channing,William Ellery, D.D., 1780-1842, b. at
Newport, brother of the preceding, was entered o. Harvard
College when fourteen years of age, and graduated with
distinction in 1798. After leaving college he resided for
some time as a private tutor in a family in Virginia. Se-
lecting the ministry as his profession, he was ordained in
June, 1803, and assumed the charge of a church in Federal
Street, Boston. At the ordination of the Rev. Jared Sparks
in Baltimore, 1819, he preached a sermon on the Unitarian
belief, which elicited responses from a number of the advo-
cates of the Trinity. In 1823 he pub. an Essay on Na-
tional Literature, and in 1826 (in the Christian Examiner)
Remarks on the Character and Writings of John Milton.
He had now gained an extensive reputation as a literary
man, which was confirmed and strengthened by his subse-
quent productions, of which may be mentioned his Re-
marks on the Character and Writings of Fenelon, (Chris-
tian Examiner, 1829;) Address on Self-Culture, 1838; a
work in opposition to Negro Slavery, 1835; and Discourses
on the Evidences of Revealed Religion. His last public
address was delivered at Lenox, Massachusetts, August 1,
1842, (two months before his decease,) in commemoration
of Emancipation in the British West Indies. See Gris-
wold's Prose Writers of America.
The first collected Amer. ed. of his works was pub. in Bos-
ton in 1841, 5 vols. 12mo; 6th ed., 1846, 6 vols. 12mo; Lon.,
1845, 6 vols. 8vo, (edited by Joseph Barker;) last Lon. ed.,
1855, cr. Svo. The Essay on Milton was reviewed with
much severity by Lord Macaulay, (Edin. Rev., lxix. 214;)
but Dr. Channing's literary abilities have been estimated
highly by many critics on both sides of the Atlantic.
"He looks through the external forms of things in search of the
secret and mysterious principles of thought, action, and being.
He takes little notice of the varieties of manner and character that
form the favourite topics of the novelist and poet. Mind in the
abstract, its nature, properties, and destiny, are his constant theme.
He looks at material objects chiefly as the visible expressions of
the existence, character, and will of the sublime Unseen Intelli-
gence whose power created and whose presence informs and sus
tains the universe."-A. H. EVERETT: N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1835, 366.
From the appearance of his Discourse on the Evidences of
Chandler, Thomas. Vita Will. Wickhami, Episc. Christianity a luminous exposition-till the lamented death of
Wintoni, et Thomæ de Beckintona, Episc. Bath et Wallens.
Vide Wharton, p. 355.
Chandler, Thomas B., d. 1790, aged 64, a native
of Connecticut, was an eminent Episcopalian minister. He
wrote several works in favour of the Episcopal Church, a
sermon, &c., pub. 1767-1805.
this eminent man, the public expectation which had been raised
so high by the character of his earliest performances was con-
tinually excited and fulfilled by the appearance of some new and
earnest expression of his thoughts on themes which come immedi
ately home to men's business and bosoms,-religion, government,
and literature in their widest sense and application."-Retrospect
of the Religious Life of England. (by John James Tayler, B.A.)
"Channing is unquestionably the first writer of the age. From
his writings may be extracted some of the richest poetry and
richest conceptions, clothed in language, unfortunately for our
literature, too little studied in the day in which we live."—
Fraser's Magazine.
Read Mr. Everett's comparison (supra) between Chan-
ning and Washington Irving. See also Wm. II. Prescott's
Miscellanies, 1855, 270.
..
"The thoughts that breathe and the words that burn abound in
his writings more than in those of any modern author with whom
we are acquainted. He seems to move and live in a pure and ele-
vated atmosphere of his own. from which he surveys the various
interests of society and pronounces on them a just and discrimi-
nating judgment."-India Gazette.
1766, Svo.
in Westm. Rev., vols. x., xii., I., (by Rev. James Mar-
Other notices of Dr. Channing's writings will be found
tineau ;) Edin. Rev., 1., lxix.; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxiv.;
Lon. Month. Rev., exv.; Blackw. Mag., xviii.; Fraser's
Mag., xvii., xviii.; Amer. Quar. Rev., xvi.; Method.
Bost. Chris. Exam., iv., (by A. Norton.) xiv., (by 0.
Quar. Rev., ix., (by A. Stevens ;) Mass. Quar. Rev., i.;
Dewey,) xxviii., xxxiii., xlv., (by W. H. Furness ;) Bost.
Withington.) iii., (by E. Pond :) N. York Eclec. Mag.. xv.;
Liv. Age, xix.: N. York Lit. and Theolog. Rev., i., (by L.
Channing, Walter, M.D., b. 1786, at Newport, R.I., Lit. Mess., iv., vi., xv., (by H. T. Tuckerman ;) New Eng-
Democrat. Rev., ix., xi., xii., (by George Bancroft ;) South.
son of Wm. Channing, a distinguished lawyer, and grand-Lit. Mess.. iv.. vi., xv., (by H. T. Tuckerman;) New Eng-
grand-lander, viii.; Phila. Mus., xvi., xxxv.
son of Wm. Ellery, who was a member of Congress 1776-lander, viii.: Phila. Mus., xvi., xxxv.
86 and one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence. His grandfather and father held offices under
commissions from Gen. Washington. He is a brother of
Wm. Ellery Channing. Educated at Harvard Coll., and
grad. M.D. at the Univ. of Penna., having studied in the
office of Prof. Barton, of Phila. Prof. of Midwifery and
Medical Jurisprudence at the Univ. of Cambridge. 1.
Address on the Prevention of Pauperism, 1843, 12mo. 2.
Treatise on Etherization in Childbirth; illustrated by 581
cases, Bost., 1848, r. Svo, pp. 400. 3. Professional Remi-
niscences of Foreign Travel, Svo. 4. New and Old, 1851,
12mo. 5. A Physician's Vacation; or, A Summer in
-Europe, 1856, Svo, pp. 564. Dr. C. is the author of
Memoir of, with Extracts from his Correspondence and
Manuscripts; edited by his nephew, William Henry Chan-
ning. Boston, 1848, 3 vols. 12mo; Lon., 1850, 2vols. 12mo.
"This is a valuable contribution to literature. We recommend
it to all who take an interest in such subjects.”—Lom. Athenæum.
"It is a work of high merit, and in many respects of deep inte
rest."-Lon. Examiner.
“Every page teems with thought.”—Brit. Quar. Rev.
Channing, William Ellery, nephew of the pre-
ceding, and son of Dr. Walter Channing. Poems: 1st Ser.,
Bost., 1843; 2d Ser., 1847. Youth of the Poet and Painter:
a Series of Psychological Essays, pub. in The Dial, 1844.
Conversations in Rome: between an Artist, a Catholic, and
a Critic, 1847. The Woodman, and other Poems, 1849.
367
CIIA
CHA
"There is much originality and a fine vein of reflection in both
his author's prose and verse."-Duyckincks Cyc.
Channing, William Francis, M.D., son of Dr.
William Ellery Channing, b. 1820, at Boston. 1. Davis's
Manual of Magnetism, 1841, 12mo. 2. Notes on the Medical
Application of Electricity, Bost., 1849, 12mo. 3. The Ame-
rican Fire-Alarm Telegraph; a Lect. before the Smithsonian
Institute, 1855. Contributed to Silliman's Jour., &c.
Channing, William Henry, nephew of Dr. Wm.
Ellery Channing, and son of Francis Dana Channing,
graduated at Harvard College 1829, and the Cambridge
Divinity School, 1833. 1. Memoirs of the Rev. James H.
Perkins, Bost., 1851, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Jouffroy's Intro-
duction to Ethics, including a Critical Survey of Moral
Systems; translated for Mr. Ripley's Series of Specimens
of Foreign Literature, Bost., 1840. 3. Memoir of William
Ellery Channing, with Extracts from his Correspondence
and Manuscripts, Bost., 1848, 3 vols. 12mo. 4. On the
Christian Church and Social Reform: see Brownson's
Quar. Rev., 2d Ser., iii. 209, 438. 5. With R. W. Emer-
son and J. F. Clarke, Boston, Memoirs of Margaret Fuller
Ossoli see OSSOLI, MARCHESA D'.
Chantrell, Mary Ann. Poems, 1748, Svo.
Chapin, Alonzo B., D.D., 1808–1858, a native of
Somers, Conn.; practised law six years; entered the
ministry 1838. Classical Spelling-Book. Primitive Church,
1845. Gospel Truth. Puritanism not Protestantism, 1847.
Hist. of Glastonbury, 1853, Svo. Author of many pamph-
lets on religious subjects. Contributed to Knickerbocker,
Chris. Spect., Amer. Quar. Rev., N.Y. Rev., Church Rev., &c.
Chapin, E. H., D.D., b. 1814, in the State of New
York; a distinguished pulpit-orator. 1. Hours of Com-
munion. 2. Characters in the Gospels. 3. Discourses on
the Lord's Prayer. 4. Crown of Thorns. 5. Token for the
Sorrowing. 6. Moral Aspects of City Life, 1853. 7. Hu-
manity in the City, 1854. S. Christianity the Perfection
8. Christianity the Perfection
of True Manliness, 1855, 12mo. Other works.
Chapin, Walter. Missionary Gazetteer, 1825, 12ino.
Chapin, Wm. Gazetteer U. States, N.Y., 1839, 12mo.
Chaplin, Daniel, of Mass. Sermons, 1802-08.
Chaplin, Ebenezer, of Mass. Serms., &c.,1772–1802.
Chaplin, Mrs. Jane D., b. in Mass. The Convent
The Convent
and the Manse, 12mo. Green Leaves from Oakwood, 18mo.
Chaplin, Rev. Jeremiah, b. 1813, in Mass. Even-
ings of Life, 12mo. Riches of Bunyan, 12mo, &c.
Chaplin, William. Sermons, 1820, '26, Svo.
Chapman. Sermons, Oxf., 1790, 2 vols. Svo.
Chapman, Alex. Sermon, Lon., 1610.
Chapman, Edmund, Surg. Med. treatises, 1737, '59.
Chapman, Edw. Materia Medica, Edin., 1850, 12mo.
Chapman, Rev. F. W. The Chapman Family:
The Descendants of Robert Chapman, of Saybrook, Conn.,
Hartford, 1854, 8vo.
Chapman, George, 1557-1634, supposed to have
been a native of Kent, was entered when 17 of Trinity
College, Oxford, where he was distinguished for his know-
ledge of the Greek and Latin authors. On leaving college
he cultivated a friendship with Shakspeare, Spenser, Da-
niel, and other eminent poets of the day. His first pub-
lication was Ovid's Banquet of Sauce, 1595, 4to, to which
was added The Amorous Contention of Phillis and Flora.
After this he pub. many poetical and dramatic pieces of
greater or less merit, for a detailed account of which we
must refer the reader to Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; War-
ton's Hist. of Eng. Poetry; Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Lang-
baine's Dramatick Poets; and the Retrospective Review,
vols. iv. and v., 1821-22. He is now best known by his
ranslation of Homer,-the first into English. He pub. in
1596, 4to, The Shield of Achilles; and in the same year
seven books of the Iliad appeared. The entire transla-
tion, with comments, followed, printed by N. Butter, in a
folio without date, supposed to be about 1600. This
translation has elicited warm commendation and censure
equally decided. Waller, Dr. Johnson, Godwin, Hallam,
Lamb, and Coleridge are among his admirers. Pope, whilst
admitting his defects, considers that he covers them by
"A daring, fiery spirit, that animates his translation, which is
something like what one might imagine Homer himself to have
written before he arrived at years of discretion."
The scholars of Chapman's day were greatly delighted
with what they looked upon as a credit to the brotherhood:
"At which time Chapman was highly celebrated among scholars
for his brave language in that translation. I mean of those Iliads
that are translated into tester ad ecca syllabus, or lines of fourteen
Byllables."-Athen. Ozon.
6.
He has by no means represented the dignity or the simplicity
of Homer. He is sometimes paraphrastic and redundant, but
more frequently retrenches or impoverishes what he could not feel
and express. In the mean time, he lat ours with the inconvenience
368
મ
of an awkward, inharmonious. and unheroic measure, imposed by
custom, but disgustful to modern ears. Yet he is not always with
out strength or spirit. He has enriched our language with many
compound epithets, so much in the manner of Homer, such as tho
silver-footed Thetis, the silver-throned Juno, the triple-feathered
helme, the high-walled Thebes, the fair-haired boy, the silver-flow-
ing floods, the hugely-peopled towns, the Grecians navy-bound, the
strong-winged lance, and many more which might be collected.”—
Warton's Hist. of English Poetry.
The Rev. R. Hooper has pub. new eds., with Notes, &c.,
of translations by Chapman, viz. :-Homer's Iliads, with
Life of Chapman, 1857, 2 vols.; Homer's Odysseys, 1857,
2 vols.; Homer's Batrachomyomachia. Hymns, and Epi-
grams, Hesiod's Works and Days, Museus's Hero and
Leander, and Juvenal's Fifth Satire, 1858, 1 vol.
Wo
Jonson, Marston, and Martin-was pub. in 1605, 4to.
Eastward-Ho-the joint production of Chapman, Bez
notice it especially in order to give an amusing specimen
of Langhaine's deference to "rare Ben:"
"I can give him no greater commendation than that he was so
intimate with the famous Johnsın [sic] as to engage in a Trium
virate with Him and Marston in a Play called Eastward-Ho,-
Favour which the haughty Ben could seldome be perswaded to.”.
Dramatick Poets.
The reflection upon the Scots got the authors into trou-
ble. In 1611 appeared his May-Day, a wittie Comedy, in
which "a man of the highest literary taste for the pieces
in vogue is characterized" as "one that has read Marcus
Aurelius, Gesta Romanorum, the Mirrour of Magistrates,
&c." Among Chapman's other works were Bussy d'Am-
bois, The Widow's Tears, a version of the Odyssey, of the
Batrachomyomachia, and the Hymns and Epigrams, a
trans. of Musæus, 1616, and the Georgicks of Hesiod, 1619.
Warton remarks that his eighteen plays,
(+
Although now forgotten. must have contributed in no incon-
siderable degree to enrich and advance the English stage.”—Hist.
of English Poetry.
"Webster, his fellow-dramatist, praises his full and heightened
style.-a character which he does not deserve in any favourablo
sense; for his diction is chiefly marked by barbarous ruggedness,
false elevation, and extravagant metaphor. The drama owes him
very little his Bussy d'Ambois is a piece of frigid atrocity; and
in The Widow's Tears, where his heroine Cynthia falls in lovo
with a sentinel guarding the corpse of her husband, whom she
was bitterly lamenting, he has dramatized one of the most puerilə
and disgusting legends ever fabricated for the disparagement of
female constancy."-CAMPBELL: Lives of the Poets.
Chapman, George, 1723-1806, a Scottish school-
master. Treatise on Education, Edin., 1773, Svo; many
edits. Hints on Education, &c. Advantages of a Classical
Education, &c. Abridgment of Ruddiman's Rudiments
and Latin Grammar., East India Tracts, &c., 1805, 12mo.
Chapman, George T. Sermons on the Episcopal
Church, 1828; 3d ed.. 1844, 12mo. Do. to Presbyterians.
Chapman, H. T. 1. Atlas of Surgical Apparatus, Lon.,
4to; text, Svo. 2. Ulcers of the Leg, 1848, p. 8vo. 3. Vari-
cose Veins, 1856, p. Svo.
Chapman, Henry. Thermæ Rediviva: the City of
Bath Described, Lon., 1673, 4to.
Chapman, Isaac. Hist. of Wyoming, 1830, 12mo.
Chapman, James. The Orator, &c., 1804-18.
Chapman, Jane Frances. King Eric and the Out-
laws; from, the Danish of Ingemann, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
Chapman, John, 1704–1784, educated at Eton and at
King's College, Cambridge, Archdeacon of Sudbury, 1741,
pub. several classical and theological works. An Answer
to Collins, Cantab., 1728, 8vo. Remarks on Middleton's
Celebrated Letter to Dr. Waterland, 1731. Eusebius:
against Morgan and Tindal, 1739, 8vo. Sermons, 1739,
43, 48, 52. De Etate Ciceronis Librorum de Legibus,
1744. Chapman was a close student of Cicero: he gained
great credit by his position that the illustrious orator pub.
two edits. of his Academics; and he corrected Middleton in
some errors which he had committed. Letter to Dr. Middle-
ton, 1744. A Charge, 1746. Miscellaneous Tracts relating
to Antiquity, with Addits., 1743, Svo. A View of the Ex-
pediency and Credibility of Miraculous Powers among the
Primitive Christians after the Decease of the Apostles,
1752, 4to. His Case against Dr. Richardson, fol. Middle-
ton attacked his Charge to the Clergy. See Nichols's Lite-
rary Anecdotes, and Bishop Warburton's Correspondence.
Chapman, John, Surgeon. Con. to Ann. of Med.,
1799; Med. and Phys. Jour., 1800.
Chapman, John, editor of the Westminster Review.
Characteristics of Men of Genius; selected chiefly from
the North American Review, Lon., 1847, 2 vols. 8vo.
"They are essays which would do honour to the literature of
any country.”—Westminster Review.
Other publications.
Chapman, John. The Cotton and Commerce of
India Considered, Lon., 1851, Svo. Various articles in
the London quarterlies.
CHA
CIIA
Chapman, J. G., of New York. American Draw-
ing-Book, N. York, 4to: originally pub. in numbers.
"It is the best work of its class that I have ever seen. Clear
and simple in its method, it adapts itself to every degree of capa-
city and insures most satisfactory results to all.”—A. B. DURAND,
Esq., President of the National Academy of Design.
The Amateur's Drawing Manual, and Basis of Study
for the Professional Artist, 1858, 4to.
С
Chappel, Bart. Garden of Prudence, Lon., 1595, 8vo.
"The commentators on Shakspeare may add to their notes on
Romeo and Juliet that 'griping grief' occurs more than once
among the metre.”—Restituto, ii. 503. q. v.
This rare work is priced in Bibl. Anglo-Poet., £25.
Chappel, R. Universal Arithmetic, Lon., 1798, 8vo.
Chappel, Samuel. A Diamond, or Rich Jewel,
presented to the Commonwealth of England, Lon., 1650, 4to.
Chappel, William, 1582-1649, a native of Notting-
hamshire, was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge;
Dean of Cashel, 1633; Provost of Trinity College, Dub-
"This American work, though occasionally verbose and re-
dundant, is one of the most
books of
that has yet been published. It deals with art in a workmanlike,
honest, wide, exhaustive way, and rises far beyond the prettinesses
of dilettantism into the purer air where the Old Masters sit, highlin, 1637; Bishop of Cork, 1638. The
The persecution to
and apart."-Lon. Athen., July 17, 1858.
which he was subjected in Ireland obliged him to return
to England, where he died. Methodus Concionandi, Lon.,
1648, 8vo. The Use of the Holy Scriptures, 1653, 8vo.
The Preacher, 1656, 12mo. Vita Seipso conscripta, et
edit. per Th. Hearne, Oxf., 1715, 8vo. He is one of the
persons to whom the authorship of The Whole Duty of
Man has been ascribed:
• "Tis certain The Whole Duty of Man was written by one who
suffered by the troubles in Ireland; and some lines in this piece
great grounds to conjecture that Bishop Chappel was the au-
thor."-BEAUPRÉ BELL. See Peck's Desiderata.
Chapman, Nath., M.D., d. July 1, 1853, aged 74,
Prof. in Univ. of Penna., and Pres. of Amer. Philos. Soc.;
an eminent physician of Philadelphia. Eruptive Fevers,
Phila., 8vo. Thoracic Viscera, 1844, 8vo. Lects. on Fevers,
Dropsy, Gout, Rheumatism, &c., 8vo. Elements of Thera-
peutics and Materia Medica, 2 vols. 8vo. Compendium of
his Lectures by Benedict. Dr. C. pub., in 1807-08, 5 vols.
8vo, Select Speeches, Forensick and Parliamentary, with
Prefatory Remarks. See Discourse on Dr. C., by S. Jack-give
son, M.D., 1854, 8vo; CARPENTER, STEPHEN CULLEN.
Chapman, Richard. Serms., 1703, '04, '09.
Chapman, Richard. Greek Harmony, Lon., 1836,
4to. In this the arrangements of Newcome, Townsend,
and Greswell are incorporated, with Notes.
Chapman, Samuel, surgeon. Profess. Essays,
1751, '70.
Chapman, Samuel. Serms., 1815, 3 vols.
Chapman, Stephen. Serm., Oxf., 1703, 4to.
Chapman, Thomas, D.D., 1717-1760, Master of
Magdalen College, was educated at and Fellow of Christ
Church, Cambridge. Essay on the Roman Senate, Camb.,
1750, Svo. He agrees with Dr. Middleton. Hooke takes
them both to task in his Observations, &c., 1758, 4to.
Chapman died in the flower of his life and fortune. I knew
him formerly very well. He was in his nature a vain and busy
man."-Bishop Hurd.
16
This
Chapman, Thomas. Cyder-maker's Instructor, 1757.
Chapman, W. The Parriad, Lon., 1788, 4to.
was addressed to Dr. Parr upon "his elegant but illiberal
preface" to Bellenden.
Chapman, W. Serm., Lon., 1798, Sro.
Chapman, William.
Canal Navigation, 1797-1805.
Chapman, William. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1758;
Con. to Phil. Trans., 1758;
distilling from Sea Water; Fossil Bones of an Alligator.
Chapman, Sir William. Inventory of his Lands,
&c., 1721, fol. His Petition to the H. of Commons.
Chapone, Hester, 1727-1801, was a daughter of
Thomas Mulso, Esq., of Twywell in Northamptonshire.
Her literary taste was developed at an early age; as it is
asserted that when only nine years old she composed a
romance entitled The Loves of Amoret and Melissa. At
the house of Samuel Richardson, the novelist, she met
with Mr. Chapone, a lawyer, to whom she was married in
1760, after a long engagement. Mr. C. lived but ten
months after his marriage. She was the intimate friend
of Elizabeth Carter for more than fifty years, and had the
courage to argue with the redoubted Dr. Johnson. In
1753 she contributed to the Adventurer the story of Fide-
lia. See Nos. 77, 78, 79. When Elizabeth Carter's trans.
of Epictetus was pub. in 1758, Mrs. Chapone prefixed an
ode to the work. Her letters on the Improvement of the
Mind, addressed to her niece, were pub. in 1773, 2 vols.
12mo, (and 1801, 8vo ;) and two years later appeared the
Miscellanies in Prose and Verse; many of these were the
compositions of her earlier days. Her Letter to a new-
married Lady was pub. in 1777, 12mo. Miss Mulso-for
she was then unmarried-contributed four billets in the
10th Nc. of the Rambler.
Johnson complains to Mrs. Thrale:
"You make verses, and they are read in public, and I know
nothing about them. This very crime, I think, broke the link of
amity between Richardson and Miss M. [ulso] after a tenderness
and confidence of many years."-April 18, 1780.
We have already referred to Dr. Johnson's letter to Mrs.
Chapone, giving his opinion of the Earl of Carlisle's Fa-
her's Revenge, (q. v.)
Her Posthumous Works, including Correspondence and
some pieces not before printed, were pub. in 1807, 2 vols.
12mo; 2d edit., 1808. Her poetry has been much admired,
and the Letters on the Improvement of the Mind have
proved extensively useful.
"Although more than sixty years have elapsed since this work
was first published, its advice does not even yet appear anti-
quated: and is as wel! calculated to improve the rising generation
as it was to instruct the youth of their grandmothers."-MRS.
ELWOOD.
24
This is hardly legal evidence.
Bay, Lon., 1817, 8vo.
Chappell, Edward, Lt. R.N. Voyage to Hudson's
He might just as well have written his little volume on a vor-
age to the South Seas as to Hudson's Bay. for any thing nautical
which is to be found in it respecting this bay."-Lon. Quar. Rec.
Chappelou, John. An Essay to suppress the Pro-
fanation of the reverend name of God, in Vain Swearing,
&c., Lon., 1721, Svo. An excellent theme. No profane
swearer should be tolerated in civilized, to say nothing of
Christian, society.
Chappelow, Leonard, 1683-1768, was educated at
St. John's College, Cambridge; Fellow, 1717; succeeded
Simon Ockley as Arabic Professor at Cambridge, 1720.
He was presented with the livings of Great and Little
Hormead, Hertfordshire. An edit. of Spencer's De Legi-
bus Hebræorum Ritualibus, 1727, 2 vols. fol. Elementa
Lingua Arabicæ, &c., 1730, Sro. The Traveller: an
Bull, &c., (r. BULL,) 1765, Sro.
Arabic Poem, &c., 1758, 4to. Two Sermons by Bishop
Bull, &c., (v. BULL,) 1765, Sro. Six Assemblies. 1767, Svo.
A Commentary on the Book of Job, with the Hebrew text,
English trans., and Paraphrase, Camb., 1752, 2 vols. 4to.
Chappelow is a disciple of Schulten's, to whose learned work
he is indebted for much of his criticism. He thinks the book of
Job was originally composed in Arabic by Job himself, and after-
wards translated into Hebrew, and digested into its present form
by one of that nation.”—ORME.
*
Chappelow largely promoted the study of Oriental Litera-
ture in England. See Lon. Monthly Review, 0. S., vol. vii.
Chapple, William, d. 1781, compiled a History of
Exeter, pub. 1714, 2 vols. A Review of part of Risdon's
Hist. of Devon. Exeter, 1785. 4to. He contributed to the
Gent. Mag. and the Lady's Diary.
Chardin, Sir John, 1643–1713, a celebrated traveller,
a native of Paris, lived many years in England, where he
died. He was knighted by Charles II.
his travels was pub. by M. L. Langles, Paris, 1811, 10 vols.
The last edit. of
Sro, with an imp. fol. atlas. His travels through Persia
from them in vol. ix. of Pinkerton's Collection. In Harmer's
will be found in vol. ii. of Harris's Collection, and extracts
Observations on divers passages of Scripture, &c., 1764,
The lover of Travels should secure when possible that de-
and 1776, are incorporated many of Sir John's MS. notes.
lightful folio-The Travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia
and the East Indies, &c., Lon., 1686—which is, says an emi-
nent authority,
**
The best account of Mahomedan nations ever published."-
SIR WILLIAM JONES.
The faculty of seizing, by a rapid and comprehensive glance,
the character of a country and people, was possessed in the highest
degree by Chardin, and secures him an undisputed supremacy in
that department of literature."-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH.
"Ce voyage est un des plus intéressants que l'on ait publiés dans
le siècle dernier."-BRUNET: Manuel du Libraire et de l'Amateur de
Livres. Voyez Bibliotheque Universelle des Voyages, par G. Boucher
de la Richarderie, iv. 450, Paris, 1808.
There is a monument in Westminster Abbey, to the me-
mory of Sir John Chardin, with only this inscription-
"NOMEN SIBI FECIT EUNDO."
Chardon, or Charldon, John, D.D., educated at
Exeter College, Oxford, was consecrated Bishop of Down
and Connor in 1596. Serms. pub. at Lon. and Oxf., 1580,
'S6, '87, '95.
"A noted preacher, and wonderfully followed for his edifying
sermons.". ·Athen. Ozon.
Charfy, J. Fisherman; or the Art of Angling made
Easy, Lon., Svo.
“Of no value.”—LOWNDes.
369
CHA
CHA
Churier, B., D).D. Serm., Lon., 1606, 4to.
Charke, Charlotte, d. 1760, was the youngest daugh-
ter of Colley Cibber. She separated from her worthless
husband, Richard Charke, and appeared on the stage. Her
unhappy temper led to a separation from Fleetwood, the
manager of Drury Lane Theatre, and she ridiculed him in
a dramatic piece entitled the Art of Management, or Tra-
gedy expelled, Lon., 1735, 8vo. It is said that Fleetwood
purchased and destroyed nearly the whole of this impres-from
sion. The Lover's Treat; or Unnatural Hatred, Lon., Svo.
The Hist. of Henry Dumont, &c. In 1785 she pub. a Nar-
rative of her own Life, which presents a sad picture of im-
petuosity, recklessness, and distress.
Charke, Ezechiel. Theolog. treatises, 1659, 4to.
Charke, William, a Puritan divine, Fellow of Peter
House, Cambridge, in 1572, and expelled. Answer to a
pamphlet by a Jesuit, Lon., 1580, 8vo. Other theolog. trea-
tises, 1580, '81, Svo.
――――
1
But the most interesting literary question connected with
Charles I. is the authorship of EIKON BALIAIKH.
The Pourtraicture of his sacred Majestie in his solitudes
and sufferings.
This work, dated 1648, was pub. by Dr. Gauden imme-
diately after the execution of the monarch:
"Had it appeared a week sooner, it might have preserved the
king."-MALCOLM LAING,
But Mr. Laing little knew what manner of spirit the re-
gicides were of, when he supposed that a book or an Alex-
andrian library of books-would have been suffered to
stand between them and their victim! The unlearned
reader must be informed that from that day to this it has
been a matter of vehement controversy-in which many
great and good men have warred high in strife-whether
Charles I. or Dr. Gauden wrote this most interesting book.
So great indeed was the interest which it excited, that 47
editions-48,000 copies-were speedily absorbed at home
and abroad. We have already alluded to the vexed ques-
tion of the authorship of this volume under Annesley, Ar-
thur, Earl of Anglesey, and there referred the reader to
our notice of Bishop Gauden,-which reference we repeat.
Charles, James Edward, "The Young Chevalier."
Narrative of the Chevalier, Lon., 1765, 8vo.
Charles, Joseph. History of the Transactions in
Scotland, 1715-16, 1745-46, Sterling, 1817, 2 vols. 8vo.
Charles, Joseph. The Dispersion of the Men of
Babel Considered, Lon., 1769, 2 vols. Svo.
Charles, Richard, Surgeon. Consumption, 1788, 8vo.
Charlesworth, John. Practical Serms. abridged
various authors, Newark, 1788-93, 3 vols. 8vo. Serms.,
&c., 1788-92.
Charldon, John, D.D. See CHARDON.
Charlemont, James Caulfield, Earl of, 1728–
1799, a distinguished Irish nobleman, left an unpublished
history of Italian poetry from Dante to Metastasio. Some
of his letters, with others addressed to Henry Flood, were
pub. in 1820, 4to.
Charles I., King of England, b. Nov. 9, 1600,
executed Jan. 30, 1649. Two years after the death of the
king appeared Reliquiæ Sacræ Carolina; or, The Works
of that Great Monarch and Glorious Martyr, King Charles
the First, both Civil and Sacred, printed by Sam. Brown,
at the Hague, 1651, Svo. The Books, Speeches, Letters, &c.
of Charles I. were pub. Lon., 1661, 12mo; and the Works
of King Charles the Martyr, with a Collection of Declara-
tions, Treatises, and other Papers, &c., appeared in 1664,
2 vols. fol. Bibliotheca Regia, bearing date 1689, Svo.
Horace Walpole considers that the greater part of the
above papers were the composition of his majesty, but
Isaac Reed, an abler critic, divides the Letters, Declara-
tions, and Messages between Lord Clarendon, Lord Falk-
land, and Sir John Colpepper. Indeed, it is impossible
to decide, of the numerous collections and separate papers
pub. in this volume, what the king did or did not write.
A copious list of these publications will be found in Watt's
Bib. Brit. The literary ability of the king is beyond
question. See GAUDEN, JOHN. He did not confine him-
self to prosc. The elegy written at Carisbrook Castle is
not devoid of merit, and an English version (Lon. 1655,
Svo) of Bishop Saunderson's Lectures de Juramenti pro-ganic
missorii Obligatione affords us a specimen of his majesty's
skill as a translator. Whether meritorious or otherwise,
the king was not afraid to submit it to the criticism of
Bishop Juxon, Dr. Hammond, and Mr. Thomas Herbert.
Charlet, Arthur, D.D., Master of the University of
Oxford. Letter relative to the death of Anthony Wood.
Con. to Phil. Trans., 1708.
Charleton, George. Astrologomania, or the Mad-
ness of Astrologers, in answer to SIR C. HEYDEN, [q. v., and
also CHAMBERS, GEORGE,] pub. by T. Vicars, D.D., Lon.,
1624, 4to. Theolog. treatises, 1615, '26.
Charleton, Rice, M.D. Bath Waters, 1754, '70, '75.
Charleton, or Charlton, Walter, M.D., 1619-1707
was educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, where he was
noted for his attainments in logic and philosophy. He
was physician to Charles I., and to Charles II. during his
exile and after his Restoration. In 1689 he was chosen
President of the College of Physicians. He wrote and
compiled many learned professional and other works,
1650-S8, an account of which will be found in Athen. Oxon.
Among the best known of these are the following: The
Darkness of Atheism dispelled by the Light of Nature; a
Phisico-Theologicall Treatise, Lon., 1655, 4to. Epicurus
his Morals, collected out of Various Authors; with an
Apology for Epicurus, 1655, '56, '70, 4to. Chorea Gigan-
tum; or, The Most Famous Antiquity of Great Britain,-
Stone-Henge,-standing on Salisbury Plain, referred to
the Danes, 1663, 4to.
Sir William Dugdale and many other eminent antiqua-
ries agreed with our author in depriving the Romans of
the credit of Stone-Henge. Inigo Jones led the other
side.
side. See Biog. Brit., and Athen. Oxon.
Two Philosophical Discourses; the first concerning the
Wits of Men; the second concerning the Mystery of Vin-
ters, 1668, '75, '92, Svo.
This some have thought a little below the character of our au-
thor, and inferior to his other writings."
Yet there is much merit in the Discourse of the Wits of
Men. Three Anatomy Lectures Concerning, 1. The Motion
of the Blood through the veins and arteries. 2. The Or-
Structure of the Heart. 3. The efficient cause of
the Heart's pulsation, 1683, 4to.
'It was in these lectures that he clearly and effectively refuted
the pretence that Dr. Harvey had borrowed his doctrine of the
Circulation of the Blood from Father Paul of Venice."-DR. CAMP-
BELL.
Charlotte, Elizabeth. See TONNA, MRS.
Charlton, Charles. Excercitationes Pathologicæ,
&c., Lon., 1661, 4to.
Charlton, Lionel. Hist. of Whitby Abbey, 1779, 4to.
Charlton, Mary. Novels, &c., 1797-1805.
Charlton, Judge Robert M., of Savannah, Georgia,
d. 1854. Poems, Boston, 1838. Poems, New York, 1843.
The compositions of Judge C. have been greatly admired.
Charlton, Samuel, D.D. Sermon, 1714, 8vo.
Charlton, Judge Thomas, M.P., of Savannah,
Georgia. Reports and legal compilations, New York and
Savannah, 1817-38.
Charlton, Walter. See Charleton.
Charnock, John, 1756-1807, educated at Winchester,
and Merton College, Oxford. Biographia Navalis: Lives
and Characters of British Naval Officers, Lon., 1794-96,
6 vols. Svo. A History of Marine Architecture, 1800-02,
3 vols. 4to. This work should be studied by all interested
in the subject. Life of Lord Nelson, 1806. Other publi-
cations.
Charnock, Richard. Legal Compilations, 1837-45.
The Police Guide, Lon., 1841, Svo.
Charles II., King of England, 1630–1685,—
"the only genius of the line of Stuart,-was no author, unless wo
allow him to have composed the two simple papers found in his
strong box after his death. But they are universally supposed to
have been given to him as a compendious excuse for his embracing
Charnock, Stephen, 1628-1680, a celebrated Non-
conformist divine, entered of Emanuel College, Cam-
bridge, removed to New College, Oxford, in 1649, and
obtained a Fellowship from the visitors appointed by Par-
liament. He subsequently preached for some time in
Ireland. Upon the Restoration he returned to London,
doctrines which he was too idle to examine, too thoughtless to re-
member, and too sensible to have believed on reflection."- Wal
pole's R. & N. Authors.
Charles II. may still claim a place in the roll of authors but was unwilling to conform, and preached in private
on the strength of the song,
"I pass all my days in a shady old grove."
Sir John Hawkins credits it to him, and Lord Orford
does not decide against it. See Appendix to Hawkins's
History of Music, v. 477; Park Walpole's R. & N. Authors;
a list of State Papers, Letters, and Speeches, pub. under
the name of Charles II., in Watt's Bibl. Brit.
assemblies of the Nonconformists. He pub. only one ser-
mon, (in the Morning Exercises,) but after his decease two
vols. were pub. by Adams and Veel from his MSS., Lon.,
1682, '83, fol. Works, Lon., 1815, 9 vols. 8vo.
"Gaining (by his preaching] infinite love and applause from
the brethren, who held him to be a person of excellent parts, strong
reuson, great judgment, and (which do not often go together) curi
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ous fancy... . Such also as did not love his opinion did, notwith-
standing, commend hiin for his learning." — Athen. Ozım.
"The sublimeness, variety, and rareness of the truths handled,
together with the excellence of the composure. neatness of the
style, and whatever is wont to make any book desirable, all concur
in the recommendation of it, [Charnock on the Attributes.] It is
not a book to be played with or slept over, but read with the most
intense and serious interest.”—-ADAMS and VEEL.
"Iis thoughts are often in disorder; he has no clear and dis-
tinct idea in many of the differences he makes."-DR. DODDRIDGE.
"None of the writings of Charnock are properly exegetical, and
yet they contain a considerable portion of scriptural interpretation,
mixed with the most important doctrinal and practical views. His
style is generally chaste and easy; remarkably free of that verbo-
sity and clumsiness which so generally belonged to the writers of
his class and period. I think Doddridge scarcely does justice to
Charnock-by representing his style as incorrect, and his thoughts
obscure and badly arranged. Mr. Toplady, on the contrary, eulo-
gizes his work on the Attributes in the strongest manner.”—ORME.
"Perspicuity and depth: metaphysical sublimity and evangelical
simplicity; immense learning, but irrefragable reasoning, conspire
to render this performance one of the most inestimable productions
that ever did honour to the sanctified judgment and genius of a
human being."-TOPLADY.
"In Charnock you will find substantial divinity, and of the right
sort."-Mather's Student.
"Charnock was a deep divine, rather than an eloquent writer.
He reasons well; but the connecting links of his chain are too
much neglected. His sentences have the cast of independent pro-
positions. Too much uniformity of style prevails, and very seldom
any real pathos occurs: his sentences are also defective in the collo-
cation of the words; and often the terms are not well chosen."-
DR. E. WILLIAMS.
M
"I have not seen any author who has exceeded. probably no one
who has equalled, Charnock on the Existence and Attributes of
God."-GRIFFITH WILLIAMS.
"The best practical treatise the world ever saw in English upon
this subject.
"Charnock's works are full of force and originality."
"Mr. Charnock with his masculine style and inexhaustible vein
of thought."-HERVEY.
"A deep searching, often sublime, and powerful writer.”—BICK-
ERSTETH.
Calamy and Ryland also highly commend our author.
After giving so many critics (14) an opportunity of being
heard, we may perhaps be pardoned for giving our own
opinions: we have twice carefully studied every word of
the Discourses on the Attributes, and we consider the work
one of the greatest of uninspired compositions. We ad-
vise the reader, if he have it not, to procure it immediately,
and read it through once a twelvemonth for the rest of
his life.
Charnock, Thomas. The Breviary of Natural Phi-
losophy; ride Theat. Chem. per Ashmole. His Enigmas; ib.
Charrier, S. J. Chorographical works, 1781, &c.
Charsley, W., M.D. An Essay to investigate the
Cause of the general Mortality of Fevers, Lon., 1783, Svo.
Charters, Samuel, D.D., Minister of Wilton, Scot-
land. Serms., Edin., 1786, 2 vols. Svo; a new edit., Edin.,
1816, 2 vols. Svo.
"There is something in all the performances of Dr. Charters that
forcibly reminds us of the moral essays of Lord Bacon. The reader
will find in the Sermons before us a rich vein of originality and
just observation."-Edin. Christ. Instructor.
Discourse on the duty of making a Testament, Lon.,
1794, Svo.
Chartham, Will. Historiola de Vita Simonis Sud-
bury Archiep. Cant.; vide Angl. Sacr. per Wharton, p. 49,
Lon., 1691.
Chase, Heber, M.D. Professional works, Phila.,
1836, &c.
Chase, P. E. Arithmetical works, Phila.
Chase, Philander, D.D., Senior Bishop of the P.
Episcopal Church of the United States, was born at Corn-
ish, Connecticut, in 1775. He was abundant in labours,
indefatigable in zeal. Reminiscences, New York, 1844, 2
vols. Svo.
Chase, Samuel. Messiah's Advent, 1815, Svo. Anti-
nomianism Unmasked, 1819, Svo.
"Many good thoughts. The preface by Robert Hall very strik-
ing."-BICKERSTETH.
Highly commended by the Lon. Christian Observer.
Chase, Stephen, 1813-1851, a native of Chester, N.
H.; graduated at, and subsequently Prof. of Mathematics
in, Dartmouth College. A Treatise on Algebra, New York,
1849, 12mo.
"The terms of the science are explained with great clearness,
and the rules are given with much precision. The work is one of
undoubted merit."
Contributions to several religious journals.
Chater, James. Grammar of the Cingalese Lan-
guage, Colombo, 1815, Svo.
Chater, Thomas. A Poetical Tribute to Cowper,
1800, Svo.
Chatfield, C. 1. View of the Hist. of the Darker
Ages. 2. Teutoni Antiquities, Lon., 1828, Svo.
Chatfield, John. Triogonal Sector, Lon., 1680, 12mo
Chatfield, Robert. Historical view of Hindostan,
Lon., 1808, 4to.
Chatham, Rt. Hon. William Pitt, Earl of
1708-1778, was the second son of Robert Pitt of Boconnoc.
in Cornwall. After studying at Eton and Trinity Colleges,
Oxford, he obtained a cornetey in the Blues. In 1736 he
was returned to Parliament as a member for Old Sarum.
Here his distinguished abilities and powers of oratory soon
attracted the eyes of the nation, and gained him that com-
manding position which he occupied for so many years to
the glory of England and the confusion of her enemies.
The name of this great man belongs to political, rather
than to literary, history, but we must be allowed to linger
for a few moments upon so suggestive a theme. We have
already given some interesting particulars connected with
Chatham as an orator: see BAILEY, NATHAN; BARROW,
ISAAC. The History of his Life, Lon., 1783, Svo. Anec-
dotes of his Life, 1792, 2 vols. 4to.
"A wretched publication of Almon the bookseller-a mere tissue
of falsehood and absurdities."-LowNDES.
Letters written to his nephew, Thomas Pitt, afterwards
Lord Camelford, then at Cambridge, 1804, 12mo. Twenty-
three in number, and containing much valuable advice.
The Earl's opinion of the books recommended are inte-
resting to the student. The Letters were pub. by Lord
Grenville.
"What parent. anxious for the character and success of a son,
would not. in all that related to his education, gladly have re
sorted to the advice of such a man?"-LORD GRENVILLE: Preface
to the Letters.
"Five speeches were written out from notes taken on the spot
by Sir Philip Francis and Mr. Hugh Boyd. One of them is said to
have been revised by Lord Chatham himself. These are the best
specimens we possess of his style and diction, and it would be
difficult, in the whole range of our literature, to find more perfect
models for the study and imitation of the young orator."-Good-
rich's Select British Eloquence, N. York, 1852, q.v. for eighteen of
Chatham's Speeches, and an admirable analysis of his eloquence.
History of the Earl of Chatham, by the Rev. Francis
Thackeray, A.M., Lon., 1807, 2 vols. 4to.
Biographers. translators. editors-all, in short. who employ
themselves in illustrating the lives or the writings of others. are pe
culiarly exposed to the Lues Boswelliana, or disease of admiration.
But we scarcely remember to have seen a patient so far gone in
this distemper as Mr. Thackeray."-T. B. MACAULAY: Edinburgh
Review, 1834.
We must be careful to avoid the "LUES BOSWELLIANA !"
But in our case "there is safety in numbers."
The reader must peruse Thackeray's quartos, and not
neglect the following valuable work:
Chatham Papers: Correspondence; from the original
MSS., Lon., 1838-40, 4 vols. Svo.
•
"There is hardly any man in modern times, with the exception,
perhaps, of Lord Somers, who fills so large a space in our history,
and of whom we know so little, as Lord Chatham; and yet he is
the person to whom every one would at once point, if desired to
name the greatest statesman and orator that this country ever
produced. We regard this work, then, as one of the greatest
value: and hold the editors (of whom his great-grandson and per-
sonal representative is one) to have rendered a great service to the
memory of their illustrious ancestor, and to the public interests,
by determining to keep back no part of the precious documents
intrusted to their care." -Edin, Review.
"Never did history offer more instructive lessons for present
guidance than are contained in this Correspondence."-Lin. Lite-
rary Gazette.
A
· Lord Chatham was the most powerful orator that ever illus
trated and ruled the senate of this empire. For nearly half a cen-
tury he was not merely the arbiter of the destinies of his own
country, but the foremost man in all the world.""—Lon. Quarterly
Review.
·
"Sir, the venerable age of this great man, his merited rank. his
superior eloquence. his splendid qualities, his eminent services.
the vast space he fills in the eyes of mankind, and, more than all
the rest. his fall from power, which, like death, canonizes and sane-
tifies a great character, will not suffer me to censure any part of
his conduct. I am afraid to flatter him: I am sure I am not dis-
posed to blame him. Let those who have betrayed him by their
adulation insult him with their malevolence."-EDMUND BURKE:
Speech on American Taration, April 19, 1774.
**
· Upon the whole, there was in this man something that could
create, subvert, or reform: an understanding, a spirit, and an elo-
quence to summon mankind to society, or to break the bonds of
slavery asunder, and to rule the wilderness of free minds with un-
hounded authority; something that could establish or overwhelm
empire, and strike a blow in the world that should resound
through its history."-GRATTAN.
?
Chatterton, Lady. Rambles in the South of Ireland,
Lon., 1838, 2 vols. Svo. The Pyrenees, &c., 1843, 2 vols
Svo. Home Sketches and Foreign Recollections, 1841,
3 vols. Svo: see Dubl. Univ. Mag., xviii. 12. Good Match:
a Novel, 1839, 3 vols. 8vo. Lost Happiness, 1845. Life
and its Realities, 1857. The Reigning Beauty, 1858.
Chatterton, Thomas, 1752-1780, a native of Bris-
tol, was the posthumous son of a schoolmaster.
cestors had long held the office of sexton of St. Mary
His an-
371
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CHA
|
Poetry. They were pub. by Thomas Tyrwhitt, in 1777,
Svo, and an animated controversy as to their authenticity
sprang up and raged for a long period. See list of publi-
cations in Lowndes's Bibl. Manual, and the dissertations
of Warton, Campbell, Mathias, Gregory, Southey, &c. A
second edit., Svo, appeared in the same year, (1777;) the
3d, in 1778, Svo; and a splendid 4to in 1782, with a Com-
mentary, in which the Antiquity of them is considered
and defended, by Jeremiah Milles, D.D. A more complete
edit. was pub. in 1803, 3 vols. Svo, edited by Southey and
Cottle, (with a review by the former of the Rowley Con-
troversy,) and a Life by Gregory. Another edit. of Chat-
terton's works was pub. by H. G. Bohn, in 1842, 2 vols.
p. Svo, containing a Life, the Controversy, &c. To these
volumes the reader should add the Life of Chatterton by
John Dix, author of Lays of Home, Local Legends, &c.,
Lon., 1837, fp. 8vo; new ed. 1851. This volume contains
the poet's unpublished Poems and Correspondence.
(+
Mr. Dix has most consistently come forward as the biographer
of Chatterton. Himself a poet, he has successfully endeavoured
to renew an interest in the fate of one of England's greatest,
though most unfortunate, bards."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
"This volume contains all that can be desired to be known re
specting Chatterton.”—Lon. Eclectic Review.
Mr. Dix bas, in addition to what was before known, gathered
up all the fragments.' His biography is heart-touching."-LEIGH
HUNT.
Redcliffe, and it was in the muniment room of this church
that he found the materials which he converted to the pur-
poses of imposture. He was so much indisposed to appli-
cation, that efforts to teach him the alphabet were aban-
doned as hopeless, and he was sent home to his mother.
When eight years of age the illuminated capitals of an
old French Musical MS. attracted his attention, and his
mother taught him to read from a Black-Letter Testament
or Bible. So early did he display a fondness for antiquity!
He was then admitted to Colston's charity school, where
he remained until he had passed his 14th year.
He was
now apprenticed to a scrivener of Bristol, where he had
but little employment, and most of his time was devoted
to the perusal of works on antiquities, heraldry, and
foetry, not neglecting history and divinity. Before his
12th year he had produced some poetry, which evinced
considerable talent. In 1768, when the New Bridge at
Bristol was opened, a paper appeared in Farley's Bristol
Journal, entitled "A Description of the Fryers first pass-
ing over the Old Bridge, taken from an Ancient Manu-
script." This excited much attention, and was traced to
Chatterton, who declared that this paper and many other
MSS. had been found by his father in an old iron chest in
the muniment room of the Church of St. Mary Redcliffe.
He now distributed MSS. according to the tastes of those
to whom he sent them. A citizen addicted to Heraldry
was presented with a pedigree which carried his name up
to the Conquest; a religious gentleman was favoured with a
fragment of a sermon, and Mr. Burgum, an advocate of
the authenticity of the MSS., was rewarded by a poem en-
titled The Romaunt of the Cnyghte, written by John de
Bergham, an ancestor, about four hundred and fifty years.
before! The principal part of these MSS. Chatterton dis-
covered-he said-to be the poetical compositions of W.
Canynge (a distinguished merchant of Bristol in the 15th
century) and his friend, Thomas Rowley, a monk or secu-
lar priest. Chatterton was emboldened by his success
with Barret, a surgeon, then writing a History of Bristol,
Catcott, and others, to try his imposture upon Horace Wal-
pole, who had some time before completed his Anecdotes
of Painters. He proposed (by letter) to furnish him with
accounts of a series of great painters who had flourished
at Bristol, and transmitted specimens of the ancient poetry.
Mr. Walpole submitted these to Gray and Mason, who im-
mediately declared them to be forgeries. Walpole advised
his correspondent to devote himself to the duties of his
profession in future. The poems were returned at Chat-
terton's request, and he was very indignant at his adviser.
Walpole has been greatly, and, as we think, most unjustly, most common-place imitations of the productions of magazines,
blamed for his conduct in this affair. He drew up a state-
ment of the facts which should satisfy the most captious.
In April, 1770, having previously sent some antiquarian
contributions to the Town and Country Magazine, Chatter-
ton arrived in London, and sought literary employment.
The young author-but seventeen years of age-was
greatly encouraged by some engagements with which he
was favoured by the booksellers, and sent home cheering
letters, accompanied with presents, to his mother and
sister. In a short time, however, this happy frame of
mind vanished: he became despondent, seems to have lost
all hopes of prosperity, and was found dead in his bed,
August 25, (four months after his arrival in London,) from
the effects as was supposed-of a dose of arsenic. There
has been much controversy wasted respecting the causes
which led to this sad event. The oft-repeated complaint
that he was suffered to perish from want of the necessaries
of life, is altogether erroneous. It is true that he had not
enten any thing for two or three days before his death;
but it is also true that he refused with indignation Mrs.
Angel's (his landlady) invitation to participate in her
dinner, declaring that he was not
is also
true that Mr. Hamilton supplied him with money a short
time before his rash act, and invited him to apply to him
when again in need. The solution of the mystery attend-
ing his melancholy end is to us very plain: if any man
was ever insane, Thomas Chatterton was. If any one
doubt this, let him read his Last Will and Testament,
penned before he left Bristol. We might say more upon
this subject, but our limits forbid excursions. That in-
sanity was in the family-developed in his own sister, in-
deed-is no secret. At the time of Chatterton's death he
was aged 17 years, 9 months, and a few days.
"Nothing in Chatterton can be separated from Chatterton. His
noblest flight, his sweetest strains, his grossest ribaldry, and his
were all the effervescences of the same ungovernable impulse,
which, chameleon-like, imbibed the colours of all it looked on. It
was Ossian, or a Saxon monk, or Gray, or Smollett, or Junius;
and if it failed most in what it most affected to be.-a poet of the
fifteenth century,-it was because it could not imitate what had
not existed."-IIORACE WALPOLE.
Of these celebrated Poems the principal are The Tra-
gedy of Ella, The Execution of Sir Charles Bawdin, Ode
to Ella, The Battle of Hastings, The Tournament, One or
Two Dialogues, and a Description of Cannynge's Feast.
Sce a notice of these in Warton's History of English
"The best Life of Chatterton.”—The Symposium.
The genius of Chatterton was of the very first order, and
under the guidance of sound principles, and a well-regulated
mind, would have added greatly to the poetical treasures
-so rich and so abundant-of the English tongue.
"This youth was a prodigy of genius; and would have proved
the first of English poets had he reached a mature age.”—THOMAS
WARTON.
"Chatterton's was a genius like that of Homer and Shakspeare,
which appears not above once in many centuries."-VICESIMUS
KNOX.
"The inequality of Chatterton's various productions may be
compared to the disproportions of the ungrown giant. His works
had nothing of the definite neatness of that precocious talent
which stops short in early maturity. His thirst for knowledge
was that of a being taught by instinct to lay up materials for the
exercise of great and undeveloped powers.. No English poet
ever equalled him at the same age. Tasso alone can be compared
to him as a juvenile prodigy.”—THOMAS CAMPBELL.
"The poems of Chatterton may be divided into two grand
classes those ascribed to Rowley, and those which the bard of
Bristol avowed to be his own composition. Of these classes the
former is incalculably superior to the latter in poetical powers
and diction."-SIR WALTER SCOTT.
•
Warton well sums up the question of the authenticity
of the Rowley poems by demonstrating that
"However extraordinary it was for Chatterton to produce them
in the 18th century, it was impossible that Rowley could have
written them in the fifteenth."
He also remarks:
"It will be asked. For what end or purpose did he contrive such
the pleasure of deceiving the world, a motive which, in many
an imposture? I answer, from lucrative views; or perhaps from
minds, operates more powerfully than the hopes of gain. He pro-
bably promised to himself greater emoluments from this indirect
mode of exercising his abilities: or he might have sacrificed even
the vanity of appearing in the character of an applauded original
author, to the private enjoyment of the success of his invention
and dexterity."—History of English Poetry.
66
Nothing can be more extraordinary than the delight which
Chatterton appears to have felt in executing these numberless
and multifarious impositions. His ruling passion was not the
vanity of a poet who depends upon the opinion of others for its
gratification, but the stoical pride of talent, which felt nourish-
ment in the solitary contemplation of superiority over the dupes
who fell into his toils."-SIR WALTER SCOTT.
As the Rowley controversy was one of the most interest-
ing and animated in the History of English Literature, wo
present (from the St. James's Chronicle of the time) a list
of the partisans on each side. This will correct the mis-
apprehension that on their first publication the forgeries
of Chatterton enlisted many advocates.
Indeed, considering the philological obstruction to cre-
dence, it is not a little remarkable that such scholars as
Jacob Bryant and Dean Milles could allow themselves
to be so grossly deceived, even for an instant. That when
once committed, they should perversely adhere to their
judgment, and refuse to encourage any doubts suggested
by the skeptical, is most natural. To be strictly impartial
in judgment, especially where personal reputation is at
stake, hardly belongs to man.
!
372
CHA
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Rowleiane.
JACOB BRYANT,
DEAN MILLES,
DR. GLYNN,
MR. HENLEY,
MONTHLY REVIEW, WHILE
UNDER LANGHORN,
E. B. GREENE.
Anti-Rouleians.
MR. TYRWHITT,
HORACE Walpole,
DR. WARTON,
MR. THOMAS WARTON,
DR. JOHNSON,
MR. STEEVENS,
BISHOP PERCY,
EDMUND MALONE,
EDWARD GIBBON,
MR. JONES,
DR. FARMER,
MR. COLMAN,
MR. SHERIDAN,
DR. LORT,
MR. ASTLE,
MR. CROFT,
MR. HAYLEY,
LORD CAMDEN,
MR. GOUGH,
MR. MASON,
MR. KNOX,
MR. BADCOCK,
CRITICAL REVIEW,
GENTLEMAN's Magazine.
"I thought of CHATTERTON, the marvellous boy,
The sleepless soul that perished in his pride!"
WORDSWORTH.
Chatto, Wm. Andrew. A Treatise on Wood En-
graving, Historical and Practical, with upwards of 300 il-
lustrations on wood, by John Jackson, Lon., 1839, r. 8vo;
and 1849. Facts and Speculations on the Origin and His-
tory of Playing Cards, with numerous engravings from
copper, stone, and wood, both plain and coloured, 1848,
Svo.
"A perfect fund of antiquarian research. and most interesting
even to persons who never play at cards."-Tuit's Edinburgh
Magazine.
The entire production deserves our warmest approbation."-
Lon. Literary Gazelle.
"A curious, entertaining, and really learned book.”—London
Rambler.
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 1328 ?-1400, "The Father of
English Poetry," was a native of London. His parentage
and early life are involved in great obscurity, and the
honour of his education is claimed by both Universities:
therefore as an amicable adjustment of the controversy,
an ingenious theory presumes him to have resided al-
ternately at Oxford and Cambridge. Chaucer was a great
favourite at the court of Edward III., and a devoted ad-
herent to the celebrated John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster,
whose sister-in-law, (she became so subsequently.) Phi-
lippa de Rouet, accepted the offer of his hand. By this
connexion the poet became linked with the good or ill for-
tune which might attach to greatness. Even this generally
received narrative has been doubted by some critics. It
will however be easily believed that in this season of court-
ship he composed The Parliament of Birds. In 1356 we
find Chaucer bearing arms in the expedition of Edward III.
against France. For some time he was held as a prisoner
of war by the enemy. In 1367 he was allowed an annual
pension of twenty marks, (say £240,) and in 1373 was em-
ployed in an embassy to Genoa on affairs of State. A year
later than this he was appointed comptroller of the customs
of wool, &c. It was during this visit to Italy (he had be-
fore travelled on the Continent) that he enjoyed some de-
lightful converse with Petrarch, to which he alludes in the
Prologue to the Clerke's Tale:
"I wol you tell a tale, which that I
Learned at Padowe of a worthy clerk,
As preved by his wordes and his werk;
Fraunceis Petrark, the laureat poete.
Highte this clerk whos rhetorike swete
Enlumined all Itaille of poetrie,
As Lynyan did of philosophie." &c.
Mr. Tyrwhitt is inclined to doubt this meeting of the
poets, but De Sade promised to prove its occurrence.
He
died before he had fulfilled his pledge. Four years before
this acquaintance, Chaucer had added to the evidences of
his own poetical talents by the lament for the death of
Blanche, Duchess of Lancaster, entitled The Booke of the
Dutchesse. In the early part of the reign of Richard II.
our poet became involved in the political and religious
troubles of the day, espousing the cause of John Comber-
ton, (John de Northampton,) a warm champion of the doc-
trines of Wickliffe. Comberton was imprisoned, while
Chaucer escaped the same fate by a precipitate flight to the
Continent. Of course he lost his place in the customs.
He was so imprudent as to return to London in a short
period; was committed to the Tower, and only released by
disclosing the names and projects of his late associates.
For this breach of confidence, be subsequently experienced
great remorse, and composed his Testament of Love, in
which he complains of the change of his fortunes, and of
the disgrace in which his conduct had involved him.
In 1386 he was elected Knight of the Shire for Kent.
and the rise of his fortunes was accelerated by the return
of the Duke of Lancaster from Spain in 1389. In this
year the poet was made clerk of the works at Westminster,
and in the next year at Windsor and other palaces. Other
proofs of regard were bestowed by the king, (and also by
his successor Henry IV., son of his patron, the Duke of
Lancaster,) and with his annual pipe of wine and his hand-
some pension, the poet felt himself sufficiently at ease to
compose those famous Canterbury Tales which will carry
his name to the remotest posterity. His experience of the
world had taught him the value of retirement, and it does
not appear that the prosperity of the great House to which
he had ever been a devoted adherent induced him to ex-
change the quietude of his rural walks and meditations for
the splendour and excitements of a brilliant Court. The
necessity of arranging some business concerns drew him
to London for a few days, where fatigue brought on an ill-
ness with which his advanced age was unable to cope.
"He was buried in the Abbey of Westminster before the chapel
of St. Bennet; by whose sepulchre is written on a table hanging
on a pillar his epitaph made by a poet laureate.”—CAXTON, in his
edit. of Chaucer's trans. of Boethius.
Chaucer was a voluminous writer. In addition to his
minor poems, and his prose compositions, of which the
Testament of Love and two of the Canterbury Tales are
the principal, he was the author of the following poetical
works:
1. THE CANTERBURY TALES, extending to above 17,000
lines,(exclusive of the doubtful portion and the prose.)
2. THE ROMAUNT OF THE ROSE, a translation from the
French of William de Lorris; and of a portion of
Meun's continuation, of which there are nearly 8,000
lines.
3. TROILUS AND CRESEIDE, 5 Books.
4. THE COUrt of Love.
5. THE COMPLAINT OF PITIE.
6. OF QUEEN ARMELIDE AND FALSE ARCITE.
7. THE ASSEMBLY OF FOULES.
S. THE COMPLAINT OF THE BLACK Night.
9. CHAUCER'S A. B. C.
10. THE BOOKE OF THE DUTCHESSE.
11. THE HOUSE OF FAME, 3 Books.
12. CHAUCER'S DREAM.
13. THE FLOWER AND THE LEAF.
|
14. THE LEGEND OF GOOD WOMEN, 9 Examples.
15. THE COMPLAINT OF MARS AND VENUS.
16. OF THE CUCKOW AND THE NIGHTINGALE.
Of these compositions the Canterbury Tales is much the
best known. The plot is doubtless taken from the Deca-
meron of Boccaccio. A company of pilgrims, twenty-nine
in number, on their way to the shrine of Thomas à Becket,
at Canterbury, pass the night at the Tabard Inn at South-
wark, where they make the acquaintance of our poet, the
narrator, who promised to bear them company, their des-
tination being the same as his own:
"Befelle, that in that season on a day,
In Southwark at the Tabard as I lay,
Redy to wenden on my pilgrimage
To Canterbury with devoute corage,
At night was come into that hostelrie
Wel nine and twenty in a compagnie
Of sundry folk...
*
And shortly, when the sun was gon to reste,
So hadde I spoken with hem everich on,
That I was of hir felawship anon
And made forword early for to rise,
To take oure way ther as I you devise.”
The Host of the Tabard offers to accompany the party,
and suggests to them that they should divert each other
with entertaining stories, and that on their return,
"Which of you that bereth him best of alle,
That is to syan, that telleth in this cas
Tales of best sentence and most solas,
Shal have a souper at youre aller cost."
The proposition was joyfully accepted, the tales were
told; and truly, however much there may have been of
pilgrimage, there was but little of penance, in that merry
journeying! About seventy-five years after the death of
this great poet. Caxton, the first English printer, pub. The
Book of the Tales of Cauntyrburye, without date; sup-
posed to have been printed about 1475. Only two perfect
copies of this edition are known,-one in the Library of
George III. in the British Museum; the other in Merton
College. The first edition of the entire works of Chaucer
373
CHA
CHA
(with the exception of the Ploughman's Tale, which was
first printed in the edition of 1542) was pub. by Thomas
Godfrey, Lon., 1532, fol. See particulars of early editions
in Dibdin's Typographical Antiquities, and Lowndes's Bibl.
Manual. The edit. of 1721, fol., has a Glossary and a Life
by Urry. By far the best edition of the Canterbury Tales
is by Thomas Tyrwhitt, who prefixed to them an Essay on
Chaucer's Language and Versification, and an Introductory
Discourse, which, with the learned Notes and Glossary, add
much to the value of the work. Tyrwhitt's first edit. was
pub. Lon., 1775, '78, 5 vols. Svo; 2d edit., Oxf., 1798, 2 vols.
4to. In the impression of 1822 the Glossary is under an
alphabet, and the general arrangement is improved. The
reader should procure Mr. Moxon's beautiful edit. of the
Poetical Works of Chaucer, (which includes Tyrwhitt's
Essay, &c.,) last impression 1852, r. Svo. The following
works should not be neglected:
Todd's Illustrations of the Lives and Writings of Gower
and Chaucer, Lon., 1810, 8vo.
“A curious work, displaying great industry of investigation.
Mr. Todd's researches into English literature have been equalled
by few of our lexicographers or commentators."
Godwin's Life of Chaucer, Lon., 1803, 2 vols. 4to.
"Considerable praise is due to Mr. Godwin for the comments on
the works of our bard, which occur in these volumes.”—Edin. Rev.
An 8vo vol. entitled Chaucer's Poems Modernized, by
Wordsworth, R. H. Horne, Leigh Hunt, and others, has
been highly commended, and an English critic declares that
"Too much applause cannot be bestowed upon the projection and
execution of this design."
But we confess that we have no taste for these rehashes
of ancient delicacies. Their tendency is to increase read-
ing at the expense of knowledge. What will a render of a
modern Chaucer know of glorious old "Geffary Chaucer,"
who wrote "dyuers Workes which were neuer in Print be-
fore?" See Godfrey's edition; the first, 1532, fol.
If any man or woman will not take the trifling trouble
which is necessary to understand Chaucer's antique ortho-
graphy, let them be ignorant. The last "Minerva" novel
will prove metal more attractive to such painstaking "stu-
dents of English Literature."
Mr. Saunders pub. a vol. in 1845, entitled Chaucer's Can-
terbury Tales Explained, and rendered more intelligible
with the help of modern prose. This work treats of Gaelic
construction, and other matters connected with antique
spelling. Charles Cowden Clarke has given to the world
Tales from Chaucer in prose, in imitation of Lamb's Tales
from Shakspeare; also a vol. entitled The Riches of Chau-
cer, 1839, 8vo. There is also a Life by Singer, and one by
Nicolas.
It will be proper to gratify the reader with some quota-
tions from ancient and modern critics referring to the merits
of the Father of English Poetry:
"And upon hys imaginacyon
He made also the Tales of Canterbury,
Some vertuous, and some glad and merry,
And many other bokes, doubtless,
He dyd compyle, whose godly name
In printed bokes doth remayne in fame."
HAWES: Pustime of Pleasure, c. 14.
"Yet what a time hath he wrested from time,
And won upon the mightie waste of daies,
Unto the immortal honour of our clime,
That by his means came first adorned with bayes:
Unto the sacred relickes of whose rime
We yet are bound in zeal to offer praise."
DANIEL: Musophilus.
The usual titles by which Chaucer was complimented by
bis contemporaries were "The Chief Poete of Britanie,"
"The Flour of Poctes," &c.
"Maister Chaucer, that nobly enterprysed
How that our englysshe myght fresshly be enued."
SKELTON: Garlande of Laurelle.
"So wise a man as our Chaucer is esteemed.”—MILTON.
Among the warmest admirers of Chaucer in earlier days
may be mentioned Gawin Douglass, Bishop of Dunkeld,
Caxton, William Botteville, Leland, the great antiquary
who honoured his memory with three copies of verses;
Roger Ascham, Sir Philip Sydney, Speght, Stowe, John
Fox, Camden, Sir Henry Savile, the illustrious Selden, Sir
Francis Kynaston, &c. In his close imitation of Chaucer
in his Temple of Fame, Pope has paid him the highest of
compliments. The learned Dr. Skinner complains that
The poet Chaucer set the worst example, who by bringing whole
shoals of French words into our language, which was but too much
adulterated before, through the effects of the Norman Conquest,
deprived it almost wholly of its native grace and splendour, laying
on paint over its pure complexion, and, for a beautiful face, substi-
tuted a downright mask."-Trans. from the Lulin original. See
Biog. Brit.
This charge is summarily disposed of by Mr. Tyrwhitt
in his Essay on the Language and Versification of Chaucer:
រ
"I cannot help observing from a contemporary Historian, that,
several years before that great event, [the Norman Conquest,] the
language of France had been introduced into the Court of England,
and from thence among the people.”
After proceeding with an exposition of this statement,
Mr. Tyrwhitt remarks:
"From what has been said I think we may fairly conclude, that
the English language must have imbibed a strong tincture of the
French, long before the age of Chaucer, and consequently that he
ought not to be charged as the importer of words and phrases
which he only used after the example of his predecessors, and in
common with his contemporaries. This was the real fact, and is
capable of being demonstrated to any one, who will take the trouble
of comparing the writings of Chaucer with those of Robert of
Gloucester and Robert of Brunne who both lived before him, and
with those of Sir John Mandeville and Wicliff who lived at the
samo time with him.'
"
The censures of Verstegan and Skinner are thus rebuked.
Mr. Tyrwhitt also contends that the verse in which the
lar, is in fact as correctly rhythmical as the verse now used.
Canterbury Tales are written, although apparently irregu-
We do not now pronounce the final e in many words in
which it was sounded in Chaucer's time. This of itself is
an important item in the consideration how far Chaucer is
to be censured for irregularities in rhythm. The following
remarks of Mr. Tyrwhitt are entitled to great weight:
"In discussing this question we should always have in mind,
that the correctness and harmony of au English verse depends en-
tirely upon its being composed of a certain number of syllables,
and its having the accents of those syllables properly placed. In
order, therefore, to form any judgment of the Versification of
Chaucer, it is necessary that we should know the syllabical value,
if I may use the expression, of his words, and the accentual value
of his syllables, as they were commonly pronounced in his time;
for without that knowledge, it is not more probable that we should
determine justly upon the exactness of his metres, than that we
should be able to cast up rightly an account stated in coins of a
former age, of whose correct rate and determination we are totally
ignorant."
We commend these observations to some of our modern
index-critics.
Dryden's comment is perfectly correct:
"The verse of Chaucer, I confess is not harmonious to us; they
who lived with him, and some time after him, thought it musi
cal, &c."
And the reason is perfectly obvious; but we do not won-
der that Dryden refused to believe all that Speght claimed
for Chaucer's versification. Mr. Tyrwhitt's theory (which
was that of Gray, also) was generally concurred in until
the appearance of Dr. Nott's edition of the poerns of Sur-
rey and Wyatt. Many considered that Doctor N. had de-
monstrated the arguments of the former to be erroneous.
But we have already lingered sufficiently long upon a
hydra-headed subject, and the reader must pursue the in-
vestigation by a reference to the authorities cited, and to
Mr. Hallam's Literary History of Europe. Mr. Warton's
illustrations in the following lines are well worthy of quo-
-
tation:
"I consider Chaucer as a genial day in an English spring. A
brilliant sun enlivens the face of nature with an unusual lustre:
the sudden appearance of cloudless skies, and the unexpected
warmth of a tepid atmosphere, after the gloom and the inclemencies
of a tedious winter, fill our hearts with the visionary prospect of a
speedy summer; and we fondly anticipate a long continuance of
gentle gales and vernal serenity. But winter returns with redou-
bled horrors: the clouds condense more formidably than before;
and those tender buds and early blossoms, which were called forth
by the transient gleam of a temporary sunshine, are nipped by frosts,
and torn by tempests."-TuoS. WARTON: History of Eng. Poetry.
Dr. Joseph Warton, in his Essay on the Writings and
Genius of Pope, remarks that Chaucer excels as much in
the pathetic and sublime as he does in his manner of treat-
ing light and ridiculous subjects.
"I take unceasing delight in Chaucer. His manly cheerfulness
is especially delicious to me in my old age. How exquisitely ten-
der he is, yet how perfectly free from the least touch of sickly
melancholy, or morbid drooping."-S. T. COLERIDGE; and see Hip-
pisley's Early English Literature.
Mr. Campbell concludes his essay upon Chaucer with a
remark which the admirer of the poet will fully confirm:
"After four hundred years have closed over the mirthful features
which formed the living originals of the poet's descriptions. (in the
Canterbury Tales.] his pages impress the fancy with the momentary.
credence that they are still alive; as if Time had rebuilt his ruins,
and were reacting the last scenes of existence.”—Essay on English
Poetry.
"In elocution and elegance, in harmony and perspicuity of ver
sification. Chaucer surpasses his predecessors in an infinite propor
tion; his genius was universal, and adapted to themes of unbounded
variety; and his merit was not less in painting familiar manners
with humour and propriety, than in moving the passions and re-
presenting the beautiful or grand objects of nature, with grace and
sublimity."-Thos. Warton.
Like many others who have given their thoughts to the
world, without an ever-present, proper sense of moral re-
sponsibility, Chaucer in his last hours bitterly bewailed
some too well-remembered lines, "which dying" he rainly
374
CHA
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wished to blot.” "Wo is me, wo is me," he exclaimed
in that solemn hour, "that I cannot recall and annul those
things which I have written: but alas! they are now con-
tinued from man to man, and I cannot do what I desire!"
One thing, however, he could do: from the depths of his
sincere repentance and hearty contrition, he could send
forth a warning voice to his fellow-men, urging them to a
submissive endurance of earthly trials, and a constant re-
ference in their actions to that enduring habitation which
the Judge of all the earth hath prepared for them who "by
patient continuance in well-doing, look for glory, honour,
and immortality." To these wholesome meditations of the
dying poet, we owe the "Good Counsail" of Chaucer, by
the quotation of the conclusion of which we shall help to
promote the design of the author, and perhaps confer no
inconsiderable benefit upon some thoughtless reader:
"That thee is sent receive in buxomnesse.
The wrastling of this world asketh a fall,
Here is no home, here is but wildernesse,
Forth, pilgrime! forth, beast, out of thy stall!
Looke up on high, and thanke God of all!
Weive thy lusts, and let thy ghost thee lede,
And trouth thee shall deliver, it is no drede.”
Chauchard, Captain. Map of Germany, &c., 1800, fol.
Chauncy, Angel, D.D. Serms., Lon., 1747, '58, 4to.
Chauncy, Charles, 1592-1672, a Nonconformist di-
vine, a native of Hertfordshire, was educated at West-
minster School, and at Trinity College, Cambridge. He
emigrated to New England, and in 1654 became President
of Harvard College, which office he retained until his de-
cease. Serms., 1655, '56; 26 on Justification, 1659. An-
tisynodalia Americana, 1662. He also wrote an article
prefixed to Leigh's Critica Sacra, Lon., 1639, &c., 4to. See
Mather's Magnalia; Rushworth's Hist. Coll.; Neal's N. E.;
Hutchinson; Holmes.
•
Chauncy, Isaac, d. 1745, aged 74. Sermon, 1729.
Chauncy, Maurice, d. 1581, a monk of the Charter
House. Historia aliquot nostri Sæculi Martyrum, Mentz,
1550, 4to. Much of this work will be found in Strype's
Ecclesiastical Memorials. Chauncy wrote some other
works: see Athen. Oxon.
Chauncy, Charles, D.D., 1705-1787, a native and
minister of Boston, a descendant of the above, pub. a num-
ber of sermons and theolog. treatises, 1731-85.
"
"He was eminent for his learning, and for the spirit of inde
pendence which marked his inquiries.' See Clarke's Funeral
Serm., Miller, ii. 368.
Cheever, George Barrell, D.D., b. 1807, at Hallo-
well, Maine, graduated at Bowdoin College, 1825; installed
pastor of the Allen Street Church, New York City. 1839;
of the Church of the Puritans in New York, 1846. See
Men of the Time, N. York, 1852, 12mo. Dr. C. has con-
tributed largely to The Biblical Repository, North Ameri-
can Review, Quarterly Repository, &c. We note some of
his works: The American Common Place Book of Prose,
Chauncy, Sir Henry, 1632-1719, of the Middle 1828; of Poetry, 1829. Studies in Poetry, 1830. Inquire
Temple, was admitted of Gonvil and Caius College, Cam-at Amos Giles's Distillery. This led to a famous lawsuit.
bridge, in 1647. In 1688 he was made a Welsh Judge. God's Hand in America, 1841. Lectures on Hierarchical
Historical Antiquities of Hertfordshire, &c., Lon., 1700, fol. Despotism. Lectures on Pilgrim's Progress, 1843. This
"The near affinity historical antiquities have to that science [the work has been highly commended.
Law] which I have studied and all along practised, obliged me to
be conversant in authors that treat thereof."-Preface.
See Savage's Librarian, and Upcott's British Topogra-
phy. Sir Henry left some additions to this work, which
were the foundation of Salmon's History of Hertfordshire,
Lon., 1728, fol.
Chauncy, Isaac, d. 1712. Theological treatises,1692-
1737.
Chauncy, Nath., of Connecticut. Serms., 1719, '34.
Chauncy, William. The Rooting out of the Romishe
Supremacie, Lon., 1580, 16mo. The Conversion of a Gentle-
man long Tyme misled in Poperie to the sincere and true
Profession of the Gospel of Christ Jesus, 1587, 4to.
Chaundler, E. See CHANDLER.
Chaundler, Thomas. See CHANDLER.
Chauvel, R. A. Sermon, 1805.
Checkley, John, 1680?-1753, an Episcopal minister
of Boston, Mass. Theolog. treatises, 1715, '20, 27, '28, '38.
Checkley, Samuel, d. 1769, aged 73, a minister of
Boston, Mass. Serms., 1727, '48, '55.
Checus, Sir John. See CHEKE.
"This is the most complete treatise on Trigonometry extant in
the English language."-Jour. Franklin Institute, vol. xx. No. 3.
Chedsey, William, President of Corpus Christi Col-
lege, Oxford, 1558. Serm. at Paules Crosse, Nov. 16, 1544,
Lon., sine anno. Disputation with Cranmer, Philpot, &c.,
1545-55. He was a zealous Roman Catholic; was deprived
of his preferments, and committed to the Fleet Prison.
Chedworth, John, Lord. Notes upon some of the
Obscure Passages in Shakspeare's Plays, Lon., 1805, Svo.
Privately printed; now scarce. Extracts from Lord C.'s
MSS. will be found in Seymour's Remarks upon Shaks-
peare, Lon., 1805, 2 vols. 8vo. Letters (140) from Lord
Chedworth to Rev. Thos. Crompton, 1828, 4to.
Cheeke, Henry. Trans. of Freewyl, a Tragedie.
Cheeseman, Lewis, D.D. Difference between Old
and New School Presbyterians, Rochester, N. York, 1848,
12mo. Ishmael and the Church, Phila., 1856, 12mo.
Cheesman, Abraham. Serms., Lon., 1663, '68, Svo.
Cheesman, Christopher. Berkshire's Agent's hum-
ble Address, Lon., 1651, 4to.
Cheesman, Thomas. Serms., 1695, 1707, 4to.
Cheetham, James, d. 1810, aged 37.
d. 1810, aged 37. A Reply to
Aristides, 1804. Life of Thomas Paine, 1809.
Cheetham, Robert Farren. Poems, Stockport,
1798, 4to. Odes and Miscellanies, 1798, Svo.
Cheever, Ezekiel, 1617-1708, a native of London,
emigrated to New England, and resided at Boston, 1671–
1708, as a teacher. He pub. a Latin Accidence, which
passed through 20 editions.
Contributor to Amer. Jour. Sei.; Amer. Astron. Jour.;
and collaborator in the preparation of the Amer. Ephe-
meris published under the auspices of government, for
which he has furnished new and original methods of find-
ing longitude by lunars, &c.
Chavasse, William, surgeon. Med. Con., 1785.
Chavernac, T. Surgery in Franco, 1801, 4to.
Cheare, Abr. Words in Season, Lon., 1668, 12mo.
Cheaste, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1613, fol.
"All readers of the charming allegory should not fail to read the
Lectures."-Ch. Chronicle.
Wanderings of a Pilgrim in the shadow of Mont Blanc,
&c., 1846; ditto to Jungfrau. The Hill Difficulty. &c.,
1849. Christian Melodies, (in conjunction with J. E. Sweet-
ser.) Selection of Hymns and Tunes. The Right of the
Bible in the Common Schools.
"It is a question which in its decision is to influence the happi-
ness, the temporal and eternal welfare, of one hundred millions of
human beings."-DANIEL Webster.
The Voice of Nature to her Foster-Child, the Soul of
Man, 1852, 12mo. A Reel in the Bottle for Jack in the
Doldrums, 1852, 12mo.
"Another veritable Pilgrim's Progress,-only made by sea, and
with the greater variety of peril incident to that way of travelling.
Some of the best traits of Bunyan's immortal poem are here re
produced.”
Chauvenet, William, b. 1820. in Pennsylvania.
Grad. Yale Coll., Prof. Astron. U. S. Naval Acad., Anna-
polis, Maryland, which flourishing institution he was chiefly
instrumental in establishing. Prof. of Math. in U. S. Navy,
1841. Treatise on Plane and Spheric. Trigonometry, Phila-
delphia, 3d ed., 1853.
Cheever, Rev. Henry T., a popular author, brother
of the preceding. The Whale and his Captors, N.Y., 1849,
18mo. The Island-World of the Pacific, 1851, 12mo. Life
in the Sandwich Islands. 12mo.
"Au agreeable addition to Rev. Mr. Cheever's former works on
the Pacific. written in a kindly tone to Christians and Heathen.
We know of no English work, in which the subject of Spheri-pendix containing valuable commercial statistics.”—N. Y. Literary
It will be found an agreeable and sensible work, with an ap
cal Trigonometry, especially, is presented in so satisfactory a man-
ner.”—Amer. Jour. Sci., Sept., 1850.
..
World.
"In this work he has rendered good service to science."-Astron.
Jour., vol. i. No. 13.
Journal of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, N.Y., 1848, 12mo.
Punishment by Death: its Authority and Expediency,
1849, 12mo. The Windings of the River of the Water of
Life, 1849. Powers of the World to Come, 1853. Lectures
on Cowper, 1856. God against Slavery, 1857.
Autobiography and Memorials of Capt. Obadiah Congat,
16mo. 1851.
It is proper that the example of such a man should be em-
balmed, and Mr. Cheever has done it well."-N. 1. Observer.
A
To Mr. Cheever we are indebted for the Memoir of the
REV. WALTER COLTON, (q. v.) prefixed to Mr. Colton's Sea
and Sailor, &c.
"It is well written, warmly and kindly, as biography ought to
be, and with good taste.”—M. Y. Evangelist.
Biography of Nathaniel Cheever, M.D., 1851, 12mo:
vide post. The Pulpit and the Pew, N.Y., 1858, 12mo.
Highly commended.
Cheever, Nathaniel, M.D. Biography of, by Rev.
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Henry T. Cheever, with an introduction by George B.
Cheever, D.D., New York, 1851, 12mo.
"It is full of the most weighty Christian lessons; and no one can
peruse it and not be struck with the originality of the character
ilustrated, nor without laying it aside a wiser and better man."
Cheever, Samuel, d. 1724, aged 85, a son of Ezekiel
Cheever, was the first minister of Marblehead. Serm., 1712.
Cheisley, John. Letter, 1647, 4to.
Cheisolm, Guil. Scotus et Episc. Varionensis. Ex-
amen Confessionis Fidei Calvinianæ, Aven., 1601, Svo. In
French, Paris, 1603, 8vo.
Cheke, Sir John, 1514–1557, a native of Cambridge,
was admitted into St. John's College in 1531, and applied
himself with such zeal to the study of the Greek language-
then much neglected in England-that about 1540, when
the king founded a Greek professorship in the University
of Cambridge, Cheke, only 26 years of age, was chosen
the first professor. His persevering efforts to reform the
English pronunciation of Greek were crowned with success,
although violently opposed by Bishop Gardiner and others.
In 1544 he was appointed one of the Latin tutors to Prince
Edward. He was a zealous advocate of the Protestant
Reformation, and interested in the settlement of the crown
upon Lady Jane Grey. Upon the accession of Queen Mary
he was imprisoned in the Tower, from whence the queen's
pardon released him, and he travelled for some time on the
Continent. But he was too important a personage to be
overlooked by the persecutors of the day; and being ar-
rested near Brussels, was sent to London, again imprisoned
in the Tower, and only escaped martyrdom by an open re-
cantation of the principles of the Reformation. The re-
morse which followed this step soon brought him to the
grave, and he was gathered to his fathers at the early age
of 43. England could have better afforded the loss of
many courtiers than of this great man! Sir John left many
works in MS., a catalogue of which we find in Strype.
His publications consist almost entirely of translations!
from the Greek into the Latin tongue, and from English
into Latin, &c. A Latin trans. of two of St. Chrysostom's
Homilies, 1543, 4to; of six ditto, 1545, 8vo. The Hurt of
Sedition, 1549, Svo; and in Holinshed's Chronicle, anno
1549. A Latin trans. of the English Communion Book,
done for the use of M. Bucer; vide Bucer's Opuscula
Anglicana; a Latin trans. of Cranmer's Book on the Lord's
Supper, 1553. The New Testament in Englishe, after the
Greeke trans., 1550, Svo. A Latin trans. of the English
Communion Book. De Superstitione ad Regem Henricum.
The Latinity of this piece has been greatly commended.
Some Letters. Sir John pub. a few other pieces.
"As to his character, he was justly accounted one of the best and
most learned men of his age, and a singular ornament to his country.
ile was one of the revivers of polite literature in England, and a
great lover and encourager of the Greek language in particular.”
"The Exchequer of eloquence; a man of men, supernaturally
traded in all tongues."-Nash's Leller to the Two Universities, vide
Athen. Oxon. See, also, Strype's Life of Cheke; of Cranmer; of
Parker; and Biog. Brit.
Cheke, William. Anagrammata & Chron. Agram-
mata Regia, Lon., 1613, 8vo.
Chelsum, James, D.D., 1740-1801, educated at West-
minster School, and at St. John's College, and Christ
Church, Cambridge. Remarks on Mr. Gibbon's Roman
History, Lon., 1772, 8vo; enlarged, 1778, 8vo. Reply to
Gibbon's Vindication, Winchest., 1785, Svo. Hist. of the
Art of Engraving in Mezzotint, Winchest., 1786, 8vo. He
is supposed to have contributed to Olla Podrida, pub. at
Oxford. He pub. some occasional Serms., 1777-93.
"His learning was extensive; and his manners, though some-
what austere, were yet amiable."
Chenevix, Richard, d. 1830, a, native of Ireland.
Dramatic Poems, 1801, Svo. Chemical Nomenclature, 1802,
12mo. Mineralogical Systems, 1811, 8vo. Chemical Con-
tributions to Phil. Trans., 1801, '02, 03, '04, '05; to Nic.
Jour., 1801, '10; to Trans. Irish Acad., viii, 233. The
Mantuan Rivals; a Comedy; Henry VII.; Hist. Trag.,
1812, 8vo.
"The boldest, the most elaborate, and, upon the whole, the most
successful, imitation of the general style, taste, and diction of our
older dramatists, that has appeared in the present times."-Edin.
Review.
I
An Essay upon National Character, 2 vols. 8vo. (Posth.)
"What a noble legacy for a man to leave behind him! In these
volumes are garnered the labours of a life."-Lon. Literary Gaz.
Cheney, Harriet V., a native of Massachusetts.
The Sunday School, or Village Sketches; written in con-
junction with her sister. A Peep at the Pilgrims. The
Rivals of Acadia. Sketches from the Life of Christ;
Confessions of an Early Martyr; pub. in 1840. Mrs.
Cushing, her sister, has pub. Esther, a dramatic poem, and
some works for the young. Mrs. Cheney's mother (Mrs.,
Hannah Foster) was author of one of the earliest Ameri
can novels, The Coquette, or the History of Eliza Whar-
ton; repub. in 1855. See Foster, Hannah.
Cheney, John.
John. On Conformity, Lon., 1680, 8vo.
Cherington, Lord Viscount. Momoirs of the Go-
vernment and Mannors of the present Portuguese, Lon.,
1782, 2 vols. 12mo. See Monthly Mag. for 1782.
London and Middlesex, 1695, fol.
Chernocke, Robert. Papers del'd to Sheriffs of
Cherpillourd, J. Book of French Versions, &c,
1817, 12mo.
Cherry, A.
Dramatic Pieces, 1793-1807.
Cherry, Henry C. Illustrations of the Fasts and
Festivals, Lon., 12mo, 1844.
"We boldly recommend these lectures."—Lon. Christ. Rememb.
Cherry, John. Scottish Poetry, Glasg., 1806, 12mo.
Chertsey, Andrew. The Passion of Christ, Lon.,
1520, 4to; trans. from the French. The Floure of God's
Commandments, 1521, fol. Other publications. See War-
ton's Hist. of English Poetry.
Chesebro', Caroline, a native of Canandaigua,
New York, has pub. several volumes, and is a contributor
to some of the principal American periodicals. Dream-
land by Daylight, 1851. Isa, a Pilgrimage, 1852. The
Children of Light, 1852. The Little Cross-Bearers, 1853.
See Hart's Female Prose Writers of America, 1854.
Cheselden, William, 168S-1752, an eminent sur-
geon and anatomist, a native of Leicestershire, studied
under Cowper, the celebrated anatomist, and Ferne, the
head surgeon of St. Thomas's Hospital. At the age of 22
he began to read lectures in anatomy, and at 33 was chosen
member of the Royal Society. Syllabus of a Course of
Lectures on Anatomy, Lon., 1711, 4to. The Anatomy of
the Human Body, 1713, Svo; 1722; with thirty-four
copper-plates, 1726; 1730; 11th edit., 1778. Treatise on
the High Operation for Stone, 1723, Svo; attacked in Litho-
tomus Castratus. Osteographia, or Anatomy of the Bones;
with plates the size of life, 1728, '33, large fol.; attacked
in 1735 by John Douglass, in Remarks on that Pompous
Work, the Osteography of Mr. Cheselden.
66
'The work received a more judicious censure from the celebrated
Haller, who, whilst he candidly pointed out its errors, paid the
writer that tribute of applause which he so justly deserved.
Heister, likewise, in his Compendium of Anatomy, has done jus-
tice to its merit."-Biog. Brit.
To Goutcher's trans. of Le Dran's Operations in Sur-
gery, Cheselden added 21 plates and some valuable re-
marks. Cheselden made many improvements in surgery,
and banished the complicated French instruments formerly
Pope held him in high esteem:
in use. Sharpe acknowledges his great obligations to him.
"I wondered a little at your quære, who Cheselden was. It
shows that the truest merit does not travel so far any way as on
the wings of poetry. He is the most noted and most deserving
man in the whole profession of chirurgery: and has saved the
lives of thousands by his manner of cutting for the stone."-
Letter from Pope to Swift.
of his poetical admirer:
We find the worthy surgeon also celebrated in the verses.
·
To keep these limbs, and to preserve these eyes,
I'll do what Mead and Cheselden advise."
Cheshire, John. Rheumatism, &c.. Lon., 1723, Svo.
Cheshire, Thomas. Serms., 1641, '42.
Chesney, Col. Francis Rawdon, b. 1789, in Ire-
land. The Expedition for the Survey of the Rivers Eu-
phrates and Tigris, 1835, 36, 37, Lon., 1850, &c., 4 vols.
r. Svo. On Fire-Arms, Svo.
On Fire-Arms, Svo. Russo-Turkish Campaigns
of 1828, '29, Lon., 1852; 3d ed. May, 1854.
"Few men possess more extensive knowledge, personal and
other, of the geography and statistics of the East.”—Lơn. Athen.
Chester, Robert. Love's Martyr; or Rosalin's
Complaint, Lon., 1601, 4to. To this trans. from the Ita-
lian are added some Poems of Shakspeare, Jonson, Mar-
ston, and others. A very rare volume: sold at the Rox-
burghe sale for £24 38.; Sykes's, £61 19s.; priced in
Bibl. Anglo-Poet., £50.
Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl
of, 1694-1773, was the eldest son of Philip, third Earl of
Chesterfield, by Lady Elizabeth Saville, daughter of George,
Marquis of Halifax.
Marquis of Halifax. In his 18th year he was entered of
Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where ho studied to so much
purposo that he left the University an excellent classical
scholar. He was returned for St. Germain's in Cornwall
in the first Parliament of the reign of George I., and in
the national councils, as well as in the diplomatic positions
which ho afterwards occupied, displayed considerable
energy of character. As a gentleman, a courtier, and a
patron of literature, he aspired to fill the first rank, and
his ambition was gratified. Johnson's suit to the "Con-
queror of the World," and the celebrated letter which
376
CHE
CHE
closed their distant acquaintance, is well known. They | 1756, 12mo. George Steevens did not venerate Chetwood
were not calculated to be agreeable to each other. The
earl considered the lexicographer to be no better than "a
respectable Hottentot," and the awkward scholar styled
the nobleman "A Wit among Lords, and a Lord among
Wits." Johnson's letter to his lordship must be condemned
as a piece of great injustice. The earl is now best known
by his Letters to his Son, (who died at an early age, in
1768,) 1774, 2 vols. 4to; often reprinted; which were not
intended for publication. They display much knowledge
of the worst part of the world, and little taste for any
thing of a more elevated character.
"Those who wish to see the superiority of dissembling over
openness demonstrated with admirable force, may consult the
philosopher of flattery and dissimulation."-DE VERE.
"It was not to be wondered at that they had so great a sale,
considering that they were the letters of a statesman, a wit, one
who had been much in the mouths of mankind, one long accus-
tomed virûm volitare per ora.... Does not Lord Chesterfield
give precepts for uniting wickedness and the graces? . . . Lord
Chesterfield's Letters to his Son, I think, might be made a very
pretty book. Take out the immorality, and it should be put into
the hands of every gentleman."-DR. JOHNSON,
What Johnson desired-an expurgated Chesterfield-logies
has been prepared by Dr. Trusler (Principles of Politeness)
and others. The most epigrammatic description which
Johnson gave of the Letters, for obvious reasons we have
not quoted.
It is not a little curious that these Letters should have
been repub. in Boston as early as 1779; five years after
the first London edition. His lordship's Miscellaneous
Works were pub. in 1777, Lon., 2 vols. 4to; Appendix,
1778, 4to, (of doubtful authenticity.) Characters, 1777,
12mo. Supplement to his Letters. 1777, '87, 4to. The
Art of Pleasing, in Letters to his Nephew, 1783, 12mo.
Letters to his Heir, 1783, 12mo. Memoirs of Asiaticus,
1784, 4to. Particulars, etc., respecting Chesterfield and
Hume, 1788, 4to. Letters, including many now first pub-
lished from the original MSS. Edited, with Notes, by Lord
Mahon, Lon., 1845, 4 vols. Svo. The papers upon John-
son's Dictionary, which elicited the celebrated response,
are Nos. 100 and 101 in The World. Some verses of his
composition are in the miscellanies of Dodsley, Almon,
Debret, &c. Pope once borrowed his diamond ring, and
wrote on the window of an inn:
"Accept a miracle instead of wit,
See two dull lines by Stanhope's pencil writ."
"Lord Chesterfield's eloquence, though the fruit of study and
Imitation, was in a great measure his own. Equal to most of his
contemporaries in eloquence and perspicuity, perhaps surpassed
by some in extensiveness and strength, he could have no compe-
titors in choice of imagery, taste, urbanity, and graceful irony."-
DR. MATY.
"Chesterfield's entrance into the world was announced by his
bons mots; and his closing lips dropped repartees, that sparkled
with his juvenile fire."-HORACE WALPOLE.
Chesterfield, Thomas de, Canon of Lichfield.
Historia de Episcopis Coventrentibus et Lichfield a prima
sedis foundatione ad annum 1347, cum notis.
Chesterton, George Laval, for about twenty-seven
years Governor of Cold-Bath Fields Prison. Proceedings
in Venezuela, 1819-20, Lon., 1820, Sro. Revelations of
Revelations of
Prison Life, 1856, 2 vols. 8vo; two eds. in same year.
as an author; be calls him
“A blockhead, and a measureless and bungling liar."
Chetwynd, James. Treatise on Fines, Lon., 1773,4to.
Chetwynd, John, 1623-1692, a Presbyterian; con-
formed on the Restoration. Serms., 1653, 59, '82. An-
thologia Historica, 1674, 8vo; repub. under the title of
Collections, Historical, Political, Theological, collected out
of the most esteemed Authors of all Sorts of Learning,
digested into fifteen Centuries, to which is annexed a Cen-
tury of Legendary Stories, 1691, 8vo. He edited his
grandfather's (Sir John Harrington) Brief View of the
State of the Church of England, &c., being a character
and history of the Bishops, 1653, 12mo.
"As a curious bit of human history these volumes are remark-
able. They are very real, very simple.-dramatic without exagge
ration, philosophic without being dull."-Lon. Athen., 1856. 805.
Cheston, R. B. Profess. treatises, 1766, 'SO, 'S4.
Chetham, Jas. Angler's Vade-Mecum, Lon., 1689, Svo.
Chetham, John. Psalmody; 8th edit., 1752, 8vo.
Chettle, Henry, a dramatic writer of the age of
Elizabeth, was the author of the Tragedy of Hoffman, or
a Revenge for a Father, 1631, 4to; and was concerned,
more or less, according to Henslowe's Diary, in the pro-
duction of 38 plays, "only four of which have been
printed and have descended to us." See Collier's Hist. of
English Dramatic Poetry, and the Biog. Dramat.
Chetwind, Charles. Narrative rel. to Mr. Ireland,
executed for High Treason, Lon., 1679, fol.
Chetwind, Edward, D.D. Serms., 1608, '12. Vow
of Teares for the Losse of Prince Henry, 1612, Svo.
Chetwind, John. See CHETWYND.
Chetwind, Philip. Petition to Parliament, 1649. fol.
Chetwood, Knightly, D.D., 1652-1720, Fellow of
King's College, Cambridge, 1683. Serms., 1700, '08, '15.
Speech, 1715. Life of Lycurgus, in trans. of Plutarch's
Lives, pub. in 1683. Poems in Nichols's Collection, &c.
Chetwood, William Rufus, d. 1766. The Lover's
The Lover's
Opera, Lon., 1730, 8vo. Gencral History of the Stage,
1749. Plays, 1750. The British Theatre, 1750, 12mo.
“A compilation full of the grossest blunders.”
Life of Ben Jonson, 1756, 12mo. Theatrical Records,
Theatrical Records,
Chevalier, Thomas, Surgeon, d. 1824. Observa-
tions, Lon., 1797, 8vo. Introduc. to Lectures. 1801, Svo.
Treatise on Gun Shot Wounds, 1804, 12mo. History of an
Enlargement, &c. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1809, '11, '13.
Chevalier, Temple, Prof. Mathematics and Astro-
nomy, and Honorary Canon of Durham. Trans. of the
Epistles of Clement, Polycarp, Ignatius, and of the Apo-
of Justin Martyr and Tertullian, Camb., 1503, Svo.
illustrative of the ecclesiastical history of the first two centuries."
"An excellent translation, with an introduction, and brief notes
-LOWNDES.
Historical Types in the Old Testament: 20 Discourses
preached at the Hulsean Lecture in 1826, Camb., 1826, Svo.
"The subject chosen is important and interesting, and has been
illustrated with ability and judgment.”—British Critic, Oct. 1827.
On the Proofs of Divine Power and Wisdom derived
from the Study of Astronomy; preached at the Hulseau
Lecture, 1827 Camb., 1827 Svo.
Chew, Samuel, Chief-Justice of Pennsylvania, d.
1741. The Lawfulness of Defence against an Avowed
Enemy, 1741, 75. Judge C. was a Quaker, and this pub-
lication gave great offence to the members of that sect.
Chewney, Nicholas. Theolog. treatises, 1656, '60.
Cheyn, William. Theolog. treatises, 1718, '20.
Cheyne. Funeral Sermon, 1669, 4to.
Cheyne, George, M.D., 1671-1743, a native of Scot-
land, was a pupil of the celebrated Dr. Archibald Pitcairn,
whom he styles his "great master and generous friend."
Dr. Cheyne pub. a number of medical, theological, and
philosophical works; some of which we notice. A New
Theory of acute and slow-continued Fevers, Lon., 1702,
Svo. Fluxiorum Methodus inversa, &c., 1703, 4to. Phi-
losophical Principles of Natural Religion, 1705, Svo. Ob-
servations on the Gout, &c., 1720, Svo. Essay on Health
and Long Life, 1725, Svo; in Latin, 1726, Svo; Paris,
1742, 2 vols. 12mo.
"
licious and unmannerly terms, and all false and unjust misrepre
I heartily condemn and detest all personal reflections, all ma-
sentations, as unbecoming gentlemen, scholars, and Christians."
-Preface to Essay.
What a noble lesson to all controversialists!
The English Malady, or a Treatise of Nervous Diseases
of all Kinds: as Spleens, Vapours, Lowness of Spirits, Hy-
pochondriacal and Hysterical Distempers, &c., 1733, 8vo.
In this work he tells us he never found any sensible tran-
quillity till he came to the firm and settled resolution, viz.:
To neglect nothing to secure my eternal peace, more than
if I had been certified I should die within the day; nor to mind
any thing that my secular obligations and duties demand of me,
less than if I had been insured to live fifty years more."-English
Molady, p. 333.
What a noble example to all men!
Essay on Regimen, 1739, Svo. This last work was en-
and the Disorders of the Mind depending on the Body: in
titled, Natural Method of Curing Diseases of the Body,
three parts, 1742, 8vo; dedicated to the Earl of Chester-
An Account of Dr. Cheyne and his various Cures,
field.
1743, Svo.
"He is to be ranked among those physicians who have accounted
for the operations of medicine, and the morbid alterations which
take place in the human body, upon mechanical principles. A
spirit of piety and benevolence, and an ardent zeal for the inte
rests of virtue, are predominant throughout his writings.”—T.:
Biog. Brit.
Cheyne, James, d. 1602, a native of Aberdeen, Pro-
fess. of Philos., and Rector of the Scots College at Douay.
Analysis in Philosophiam Aristot., Douay, 1573, Svo. Do
Sphere seu Globi Celestis Fabrica, 1575, 8vo. De Geo-
graphia; lib. duo, 1576, Svo.
graphia; lib. duo, 1576, Svo. Orationes duo, 1577, 8vo.
Analysis et Scholia in Aristot., 1578, 8vo. Analysis in
Physiologiana Aristoteliana, Par., 1580, Svo.
"He was a man of extraordinary Erudition, and great Prudence;
and by his many and subtile writings in Philosophy and Matho
matics. acquired a great reputation."-GEORGE CON, trans. from the
Latin in Mackenzie's Scotch Writers, vol. iii.
Cheyne, John, M.D., 1777-1836, a native of Leith,
acted for some time as assistant to his father, who prac-
377
CHE
CHI
tised medicine and surgery, and studied pathology with
Sir Charles Bell as an associate. In 1808 he removed to
Dublin, and at first had so little success that his receipts
from November, 1810, to May, 1811, were only three gui-
neas. From 1820 to 1830 they averaged £5000 per an-
num. Essays on the Diseases of Children; with Cases
and Dissections, Edin., 1801, '03, '0S. On Hydrocephalus
acutus, 1808, Svo. The Pathology of the Membrane of the
Larynx and Bronchia, 1809, 8vo. Cases of Apoplexy and
Cases of Apoplexy and
of Lethargy, Lon., 1812, Svo.
Cheyne, R. M., and A. Bonar. Narrative of a Mis-
sion of Inquiry to the Jews from the Church of Scotland
in 1839.
|
"We have enjoyed no travels in Palestine like these, and we
have read many.”—Presbyterian Review.
The volumes furnish delightful reading. The Scriptural Re-
ferences amount to more than 900.”—Princeton Review.
Cheynell, Francis, 160S-1665, a Nonconformist di-
vine, a native of Oxford, was elected Probationer Fellow
of Merton College in 1629; Rector of Petworth, Sussex,
1643; ejected 1662. The Rise, Growth, and Danger of
Socinianisme, Lon., 1643, 4to. In this book, which was
pub. by authority, some eminent divines were charged with
Socinianism. Chillingworthi Novissima, or the Sickness,
Heresy, Death, and Burial of W. C., 1644, 4to; also pub.
by authority.
"A most ludicrous as well as melancholy instance of fanaticism,
or religious madness."-Life of Chillingworth.
Cheynell had a most violent antipathy to some of Chil-
lingworth's views and to his memory, and evinced it in a
manner not the most decorous. Sermons, 1645, 46, 4to.
Disputation between Cheynell and Erburg, 1646, 4to. The
Sworn Confederacy between the Convocation at Oxford
and the Tower at London, 1617, 4to. Doctrine of the
Holy Trinity, 1650, 8vo. The Beacon Flaming, 1652, 4to.
"I shall now only tell you that he was accounted by many, es-
pecially those of his party, (who had him always in great venera-
tion,) a good disputant and preacher, and better he might have
been, and of a more sober temper, had he not been troubled with
a weakness in his head which some in his time called craziness."
-Athen. OxoN,
M
Chibald, William. Theolog. Treatises, 1622, '25, '30.
Chichester, Edward. Oppressions and Cruelties of
Irish Revenue Officers, Lon., 1818, Svo. See McCulloch's
Lit. of Polit. Economy. Deism compared with Christianity,
3 vols. 8vo.
"A book of reference, containing all the principal objections
against Revealed Religion, with their refutations."
Chidley, Catherine. Independent Churches, 1641.
Chidley, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1651-57.
Chifney. Genius Genuine, a Treatise on Horses and
Horse Racing, Lon., 1804, Svo.
"This book, containing an account of some of the first charac-
ters on the turf, is said to have been suppressed." Pub. at £5 5s.
Chilcot, Harriet. See MEZIERE.
Chilcot, William, d. 1711. Serm., 1797, Svo. Seven
Sermons on Evil Thoughts, 1734, 12mo; 1835, 32mo;
1851, 18mo.
Child, Miss. Spinster at Home, Lon., 8vo.
Child, Francis J., Boylston Prof. of Rhetoric and
Oratory in Harvard College. In 1848, soon after leaving
college, he pub. an edition of some old plays, under the
title of Four Old Plays. Is editing, (1858,) with much
success, A Complete Collection of the British Poets, from
Chaucer to Wordsworth; embracing the whole Works of
the Most Distinguished Authors, with Selections from the
Minor Poets; accompanied with Biographical, Historical,
and Critical Notices. Ninety-six vols. have appeared, pub.
by Little, Brown & Co., Boston.
"All persons whose standard of home-comfort embraces more
than one single book-shelf must have the British Poets in some
form; and they may be sure that they will never be able to pro-
cure them in a more convenient and economical form than that
which these volumes wear."-Christian Examiner.
Child, George Chaplin, M.D. On Indigestion and
Certain Bilious Disorders often conjoined with it; to which
are added Short Notes on Diet; 2d ed., Lon., 1854, 8vo.
"This edition is considerably altered and improved by the incor-
poration of the extended experience which the author has acquired.
We must warmly recommend it to our readers as a safe and useful
guide in the treatment of a very troublesome class of disorders."-
Dublin Quarterly Journal.
Child, Major John. New England's Jonas cast up
at London, Lon., 1647: refers to the trial of Robert Child,
of which Winthrop gives an account.
Child, Sir Josiah, an eminent merchant and writer
on Political Economy temp. Charles II. Discourse of
Trade, Lon., 1668, 4to; 5th edit., Glasg., 1751, 12mo.
"Some of the principles advanced by Child are so sound. and so
forcibly and concisely expressed, that they assume the shape of
maxims."-MCCULLOCH: Lit. Polit. Economy.
A Treatise, wherein it is demonstrated that the E. India
Trade is the Most National of all Foreign Trades, Lon.,
1681, 4to. See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. Obser-
vations concerning Trade and the Interest of Money, 1668,
4to. Sir Thomas Culpepper's Tract on Usurie, 1623, 4to,
is annexed to this treatise. The Interest of England Con-
sidered, 1694, Svo. Relief and Employment of the Poor.
Repub. in the Somers Collec. of Tracts, vol. xi.
Child, Lydia Maria, one of the most eminent of
American authors, was Miss Francis, a sister of the Rev.
Convers Francis, D.D., of Harvard University. Her first
publication was Hobomok, a Tale of Early Times, 1824;
which was followed in 1825 by The Rebels, a Tale of the
Revolution. In 1831 she pub. The Mother's Book.
"This excellent work, while it displays the intelligence of the
enlightened instructor, breathes throughout the spirit of the affec-
tionate Christian parent."-Notice of the English reprint.
A History of the Condition of Women of all Ages and
Nations, and The Girl's Book, appeared in 1832, and The
Coronal, pieces in Prose and Verse, was pub. in 1833. In
1835 Mrs. Child gave to the world Philothea, a Romance
of Greece in the days of Pericles, which has been highly
recommended as a successful effort in a difficult field. In
1841 Mr. and Mrs. Child removed to New York, and as-
sumed the editorial oversight of the Anti-Slavery Standard.
Mrs. Child's well-known letters to the editor of the Boston
Courier were collected into a volume under the title of
Letters from New York; a second series was pub. in 1845.
To this popular and instructive writer we are also indebted
for the following works:
The American Frugal Housewife. Appeal in Favour of
Africans. Biographies of Good Wives. Flowers for Chil-
dren; three parts. The Family Nurse. Memoirs of Ma-
dame De Stael and Roland. Power of Kindness, and other
Stories. Rose Marion. Fact and Fiction. Isaac T. Hop-
per: a True Life. The Progress of Religious Ideas through
Successive Ages, 1855, 3 vols. 12mo.
Interesting particulars respecting Mrs. Child's literary
history, and specimens of her writings, will be found in
Griswold's Prose Writers of America; and Mrs. Hale's
Woman's Record.
Child, Samuel. Every Man his own Brewer, Lon.,
1797, Svo.
Child, William, Mus. Doct., 1607-1697, B. A., Christ
Church College, Oxford, 1631; Mus. Doct., 1663; was for
Voices, Lon., 1639, 8vo.
65 years organist of Windsor Chapel. Psalms for three
Some of his secular compositions
will be found in Court Airs, pub. in 1655; and his Services
and full Anthems are in Boyce's Collection. Some of his
compositions are in Dr. Tudway's MS. Collection of Eng-
lish Church Music in British Museum. See Burney's and
Hawkins's Histories of Music.
Sermons at Walsall, Lon., 8vo.
Edward Vernon, New York.
Childe, C. F.
Childe, E. N.
Childe, F. V. Trans. of Santarem's Americus Ves
pucius and his Voyages. Bost., 1850, 12mo.
"An interesting little volume, and one which throws valuable
light on obscure portions of our history, of value to our own his
toriographers."
Children, John. A Public Caution, Svo.
Children, John G. Chemical Con. to Phil. Trans.,
1809, '15; to Phil. Mag. 1816; to Ann. Philos., 1816.
Childrey, Joshua, 1623-1670, of Magdalen Col.
lege, Oxford; Archdeacon of Salisbury, 1663. Indaga
Astrologica, Lon., 1652, 4to.
Astrologica, Lon., 1652, 4to. Syzgiasticon Instauratum,
1673, Svo. Britannia Baconica, or the Natural Rarities
of England, historically related, according to the precepts
of Lord Bacon, 1661-62, Svo; in French, Paris, 1662-
67, 12mo. This work suggested to Dr. Plot his Natural
History of Oxfordshire. Con. to Phil. Trans., i. 516.
-
Childs, G. B. Improvement of the Female Figure,
Lon., 12mo. Operation of Lateral Curvature of the Spine,
r. 8vo. Medical Treatise, 12mo.
Childs, J. J. Picture Bible, Lon., 2 vols. 64mo.
Childs, Richard. Commercial Tables, Lon., 12mo.
Chillester, James. Trans. of Chelidonius's Hys-
torie of Christian Princes, &c., Lon., 1571, 4to.
Chillinden, Edmund. Preaching without Ordina-
tion, Lon., 1647, 4to. Nathan's Parable; with a Letter to
Cromwell, 1653, 4to.
Chillingworth, William, 1602-1644, was the son
of William Chillingworth, Mayor of Oxford. In 1618
he was admitted to Trinity College, of which he became
Fellow in 1828. He was noted at an early age for great
application to study, and that acuteness in controversy
which distinguished him in later years.
"He was then observed to be no drudge at his study, but being
a man of great parts, would do much in a little time when he
settled to it. He would often walk in the College grove, and con
|
378
CHI
CHI
template; but when he met with any scholar there, he would
enter into discourse, and dispute with him, purposely to facilitate.
and make the way of wrangling common with him, which was a
fashion used in those days, especially among the disputing theo
logists or among those that set themselves apart purposely for
Divinity. But upon the change of the times, occasioned by the
Puritan, that way, forsooth, was accounted boyish and pedagogi-
cal."-Wood's Athen, Ozon.
He paid some attention to poetry, and was considered
by Sir John Suckling worthy of a place in his Session of
the Poets:
Mr. Locke recommends the last-quoted author as a pat-
tern for the attainment of the art of speaking clearly, and
then proceeds to remark:
"Besides perspicuity, there must be also right reasoning, with-
out which perspicuity serves but to expose the speaker. And for
attaining of this, I should propose the constant reading of Chil-
lingworth, who, by his example, will teach both perspicuity, and
the way of right reasoning, better than any book that I know,
and therefore will deserve to be read upon that account over and
over again, not to say any thing of his argument."-Some Thoughts
concerning Reading and Study for a Gentleman.
Lord Clarendon tells us that
"Mr. Chillingworth was a man of so great subtilty of under-
standing, and so rare a temper in debate, that as it was impossible
man's self from being a little discomposed by his sharpness, and
to him into so it was difficult to a
quickness of argument, and instances, in which he had a rare
facility, and a great advantage over all the men I ever knew."
"Those who desire to know the doctrines of the Church of Eng-
land, must read especially Chillingworth's admirable book, The
Religion of Protestants."-MOSHEIM.
Chillingworth's “new creed was built on the principle, that the
Bible is our sole judge, and private reason our sole interpreter,
and he most ably maintains this position in the Religion of a
Protestant, a book which is still esteemed the most solid defence
of the Reformation."—EDWARD GIBBON.
He was **
the best reasoner and the most acute logician of his
age."-DR. REID.
"His great excellency consisted in his acquired logic, the syllo-
gisms of Aristotle and Crakenthorp having been a principal part
of his studies."-DR. BARLOW.
"There was Selden, and he sat hard by the chair,
Wainman not far off, which was very fair,
Sands with Townshend, for they kept no order,
Digby and Chillingworth a little further."
Chillingworth's reputation for uncommon powers of
mind drew upon him the attention of the famous Jesuit,
John Fisher, alias John Perse, (his true name,) and by
dexterously plying him with his arguments in proof of
the infallibility of the Church of Rome, he persuaded
Chillingworth to embrace the religion of that communion,
and to go over to the College of the Jesuits, at Douay.
But his godfather, Laud, then Bishop of London, in his
correspondence with him, argued with such effect against
his new opinions, that in two months from the time be
left England, he returned home, and upon due examina-
tion of the questions between the two churches, he re-
turned to the communion of the Church of England. If
Laud had done nothing more than this for the Protestant
cause, he deserved better treatment than he has received
from those who have charged him with an inclination to-
wards Popery.
As might have been anticipated, Chillingworth now be-
came engaged in several controversies with his late fellow-
churchmen. A Jesuit named Matthias Wilson published
in 1630, under the name of Edward Knott, a little treatise
called Charity Mistaken, &c. Dr. Potter answered this in
1633. The next year the Jesuit published a rejoinder,
entitled Mercy and Truth, or Charity maintained by Ca-
tholics. It was in answer to this treatise, that in 1638
Chillingworth published his great work, The Religion of
Protestants a safe Way to Salvation, &c. This book im-
mediately became so popular, that two editions were pub-
lished in five months. After overcoming some scruples
relative to the subscription to the Thirty-nine Articles, he
was promoted to the chancellorship of Salisbury, with the
prebend of Brixworth in Northamptonshire annexed. He
was a warm adherent of the Royal party, and was present
at the siege of Gloucester in 1643, where he made some
military suggestions, which were not acted on, for the
very excellent reason that the successful enemy prevented
the opportunity. He was taken prisoner shortly after by
the parliamentary forces, while suffering under sickness at
Arundel Castle: he was conveyed to the Bishop's palace at
Chichester, where he died about the 30th of January, 1644.
Chillingworth's Nine Sermons on Occasional Subjects
were pub. Lon., 1664. The Apostolical Institution of
Episcopacy, in 1644. Letter giving an account why he
deserted the Church of Rome, in 1704. In 1725 there
was published by M. Des Maizeaux, an Historical and
Critical Account of his Life. An edition of his works ap-
peared in 1684, fol.; and the tenth edit. with corrections
and improvements was pub. in 1742, fol. New edit., Ox-appreciated without reference to any other: the condition, per-
ford Univ. Press, in 3 vols. 8vo, 1838. Contents: Vol. I. haps, of real superiority in all productions of the mind.”—Intro
duction to the Literature of Europe,
Life; Charity maintained by Catholics, with Prefaces.
II. Charity maintained, (continued.) III. Sermons; Addit.
Discourses; Answer to Rushworth's Dialogues; Against
Punishing Crimes with Death; Index to Charity main-
The work of Chillingworth may at least be understood and
tained.
Wood declares that the Royal party in Chichester
looked upon the impertinent discourses of Cheynell (a
Nonconformist divine, who attended Chillingworth in his
last illness,) as "a shortening of his days." This man
published a work called Chillingworthi Novissima: or the
Sickness, Heresy, Death, and Burial of William Chilling-
worth, 1644, concerning which an eminent authority
an eminent authority
that offers to give a reasonable account of his faith, and to esta
blish religion upon rational principles, is presently branded for a
Socinian; of which we have a sad instance in that incomparable
person Mr. Chillingworth, the glory of this age and nation."-
ARCHBISHOP TILLOTSON,
remarks:
CA
One of the most villainous books that ever was printed: it is
the quintessence of railing, and ought to be kept, or regarded, as
the pattern and standard of that sort of writing; as the man he
spends it upon, for that of good nature, and clear and strong
argument."-JOHN LOCKE.
We might fill many pages with encomiastic opinions of
our author, and his principal work.
"Hobbes of Malmsbury would often say that he was like a
lusty, fighting fellow, that did drive his enemies before him, but
would often give his own party smart back blows; and it was the
current opinion of the University that he and Lucius, Lord Falk-
land, had such extraordinary clear reason, that, if the great Turk
or devil were to be converted, they were able to do it."
"I know not how it comes to pass, but so it is, that every one
"In testimony of his true conversion, he wrote a book entituled,
The Religion of Protestants a safe way to Salvation, against Mr.
Knott the Jesuit. I will not say, 'Malo nodo malus quærendus
est cuneus,' but affirm no person better qualified than this author
with all necessary accomplishments to encounter a Jesuit. It is
lamprey; fit for food, if the venomous sting were taken out of the
commonly reported that Dr. Prideaux compared his book to a
back thereof: a passage, in my opinion, inconsistent with the
doctor's approbation, prefixed in the beginning of his book.”—
Fuller's Worthies.
Lord Mansfield mentions Chillingworth as a perfect
model of argumentation. Bishop Warburton observes
that the student
"Will see all the school jargon of the subtle Jesuit incomparably
exposed; and the long dispute between the two churches, for the
first time, placed upon its proper immovable ground, the Bible
alone."
CC
If you
would have your son reason well, let him read Chilling-
worth."-LOCKE: On Education.
For a comparison between Chillingworth, Barrow, Tay-
lor, and Hooker, see BARROW.
Mr. Hallam, in comparing Chillingworth with his po-
lemical adversary Knott, remarks that
"Knott is by no means a despicable writer; he is concise, po
lished, and places in an advantageous light the great leading
arguments of his Church. Chillingworth, with a more diffuse and
less elegant style, is greatly superior in impetuosity and warmth.
In his long parenthetical periods, as in those of other old English
writers; in his copiousness, which is never empty or tautological,
there is an inartificial elegance, springing from strength of intel-
lect and sincerity of feeling. that cannot fail to impress the reader.
But his chief excellence is the close reasoning, which avoids every
dangerous admission, and yields to no ambiguousness of language.
Chilmead, Edward, 1610-1653, clerk of Magdalen
Græcorum in Bibl.
College, Oxford. Catalogus MSS.
Bod., 1636; a MS. for the use of the Bodleian, and the
most complete of its time. Chilmead wrote some learned
works, and pub. translations from Ferrand, Modena, &c.
end of the Oxford edit. of Aratus, 1672. His work on
His tract, De Musica antiqua Græca, was printed at the
Globes, Celestial and Terrestrial, appeared in 1639, Svo.
Chilton, John. Positive Institutions, Lon., 1730, Svo.
Chilton, Richard. Observations rel. to Anabaptism,
&c., Lon., 1748, 8vo.
Chipman, Daniel. Law of Contracts, Middlebury,
1822, Svo. See Hoffman's Leg. Stu., 385. Reports of
Cases in the Supreme Court of Vermont, 1789-1824, Mid-
dlebury, 1824. Svo; Burlington, 1835. Life of Nath. Chip-
man, with selections from his Papers, Boston, 1816, Svo.
Chipman, Nath. Principles of Government,1793,8vo.
"The style of this work is very involved and obscure. Ilis
thoughts are not distinct, and the work, as a whole, is too ab-
stract and inconclusive to be of much service to practical men."-
13 A. J., 465.
Chippendale, Thomas. Household Furniture,
·
1762, fol.
Chirol, J. L. 1. Serm. 2. Inquiry, 1810, '20, Svo.
Chisenhale, Sir Edward. Catholike History, Lon.,
379
CHI
CHO
1653, 12mo.
Elicited by Thos. Vane's Lost Sheep Re-
turned Home, 1648, Svo.
Chisholm, Mrs. Caroline, b. 1810, Wooton, North-
amptonshire, Eng. Voluntary Information of the People
of New South Wales. See Memoirs and Sketches of, by
See Memoirs and Sketches of,
Mackenzie, 12mo.
Chisholm, Colin, M.D. Profess. treat., 1795-1813
Chishull, Edmund, d. 1733, a native of Bedford-
shire, M.A., Corpus Christi College, 1693; Chaplain to the
English Factory at Smyrna, 1698-1705; Vicar of Wal-
thamstow, 1711; Rector of South Church, Essex, 1731.
A charge of Heresy against Dodwell, 1706, Svo. Serms.,
1708, '11, '12, '14, '16, '18, '19. Mr. C. paid much atten-
tion to Classical Antiquities. Inscriptio Sigæ antiquissima,
Lon., 1721, fol. Antiquitates Asiaticæ, &c., 1728, fol. In
this learned work are included previous publications of
the author. Travels in Turkey and back to England, 1747,
fol.; pub. by the learned Dr. Mead.
Chishull, John. Theolog. Treatises, 1657, '58.
Chisman, Chris. The Lamb contending with the
Lion, 1649, 4to.
Chittenden, Thomas, 1730-1797, first Governor of
Vermont. Several of his Letters to Congress and to Gene-
ral Washington have been pub. See Williams's Vermont;
Graham's Sketch of V.
Chitty, Edward. An Index to all the
An Index to all the Reported
Cases, &c. in the English and Irish Courts of Equity to
August, 1837, 2d edit., Lon., 1837; 3d edit. brought down
to 1853, by James Macauley, 4 vols. roy. 8vo, Lon., 1853;
Phila., 1831, 2 vols. Svo. Chitty, E., and Foster, F.; A
Digested Index to C. L. R., relative to Conveyancing and
Bankruptcy, from 1558 to the present time, Lon., 1841,
vo. Chitty, E., and Montagu, B.; Cases in Bankruptcy
in C. of R. and S. C., 1838-40, Lon., 1840, Svo.
Chitty, Henry. A Treatise on the Law of Descents,
Lon., 1825, Svo.
Chitty, Jos., 1776-1841, an eminent special pleader,
was called to the Bar by the honourable Society of the
Middle Temple in 1816. As a legal author he long occu-
pied the first rank. On the Laws of Bills of Exchange,
Lon., 1799, 8vo; 9th edit., by J. H. Chitty and J. W. Hulme,
1840, Svo; 10th Amer. edit., Springfield, 1842, 8vo, new
elit., 1849, Svo. The Precedents of General Issues, &c.,
Lon., 1805. Pleadings and Parties to Actions, Lon., 180S,
2 vols. 8vo; 7th edit., by H. Greening, Lon., 1844, 2 vols.
Evo Sth Amer. edit., Springfield, 1844; 11th Amer. edit.
by J. C. Perkins, 1847, 3 vols. Svo.
"No practical lawyer can dispense with this book. The student
should familiarize himself with every part of it."
Law relative to Apprentices and Journeymen, Lon.,
1811, 8vo. Prospectus of a Course of Lectures on the
Commercial Laws, 1810; new edit., 1836. Law of Nations
relative to Belligerents and Neutrals, Lon., 1812, Svo;
Boston, 1812, Svo. Beawes's Lex Mercatoria, 6th edit.,
1812, 2 vols. 4to. Game Laws and Fisheries, Lon., 1812,
2 vols. 8vo. Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Lon., 1818,
2 vols. 8vo. Laws of Commerce and Manufactures, and
che Contracts relating thereto, Lon., 1825, 4 vols. 8vo.
Practical Treatise on the Criminal Law, Lon., 1818, 4 vols.
vo; Amer. edit. by J. C. Perkins, New York, 1847, 3
vols. 8vo.
"It has had an extended circulation throughout the United
6lates, and has hitherto been more generally used than any other
book upon criminal law."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.; Hall's Journal
of L., 16 A. J. 371.
Reports of Cases principally on Practice and Pleading,
&.c. in C. K. B., Lon., 1819, '20, 2 vols. 8vo.
Practice of the Court of King's Bench, Common Pleas,
and Exchequer, Lon., 1832, 12mo.
"From the masterly book of Mr. Tidd, or from the admirably ar-
ranged one of Mr. Archbold, it never can be conceived that the
Profession will fly to this crude and undigested notice of Reports
Profession will fly to this crude and undigested notice of Reports
of Practice.”—Legal Eram., 110.
Amendments of Variances, &c., 2d edit., Lon., 1834,
Svo. Practical Treatise on Medical Jurisprudence, &c.,
Part I., Lon., 1834, Svo; all that was pub., Phil., 1836,
Svo. Mr. Chitty at one time studied Medicine, and has
given us his learning in this work, unfortunately in-
complete.
"Invaluable to lawyer or medical man." "Chitty's eminence as
a lawyer is well appreciated, although it is not known that he was
originally educated for the medical profession. This work was his
own favourite subject, and he laboured incessantly to render it
perfect, availing himself of assistance and works of all eminent
men, Dr. Beck, Darwall, Paris, Fonblanque, Gordon Smith, Ryan,
Quain. Elliotson, Blumenbach, Good, Astley Cooper, Copeland.
Prichard, Gray. Thomson, Farr, Fordyce, Wilcocke. Lancet, Medi-
cal Gazette. Journal, Bell. Amos, Edwards, Turner, Bostock, Law-
tence, Lizars. Cuvier, Young, and numerous of hers.”
Concise View of the Principles, Object, and Utility of
Pleadings, 2d edit., Lon., 1835, 2 vols. 8vo. General Prac.
tice of the Law in all its Departments, 3d edit., Lon.,
1837-42; Phila., 1836-40, 4 vols. 8vo.
"Valuable as are Mr. Chitty's former labours, and highly as
they are appreciated by the profession, we have no hesitation in
expressing our conviction that the merits and usefulness of the
present work will entitle him to claim from them a double debt
of gratitude."-London Law Magazine.
It is the only work of modern days that really presents, as it
professes, a connected view of the whole system of the civil ad-
ministration of justice, in every department as it now exists; and
is, therefore, well calculated to become a companion to Black-
stone's Commentaries.”— Warren's Law Studies.
(And J. W. Hulme ;) Collection of Statutes of practical
Utility, Lon., 1837, 2 vols. Svo.
"The best work of the kind extant.”—Warren's Law Studies.
Practical Treatises on the Stamp Laws, 2d edit., by
J. W. Hulme, Lon., 1841, 12mo. Vattel's Law of Na-
tions: a new edit. by J. C.; 7th Amer. edit., with Notos
and References by E. D. Ingraham, Esq., Phila., 1852,
Svo. The 1st edit. of Vattel was pub. in Switzerlaza in
1758; in English, 1760. Mr. Chitty thus commends it;
•
1 affirm, without the hazard of a contradiction, that every one
who has attentively read Vattel's work, will admit that he has ac-
quired a knowledge of superior sentiments, and more important
information than he ever derived from any other work.
Mr. Chitty's edition deserves high praise:
"The reader and student of Monsieur Vattel's work cannot fail
to admire the style and manner in which the grave and difficult
subjects of which it treats are elucidated and discussed. There is
a clearness and conciseness, and at the same time, an eloquence
in these commentaries, presented even in the translation, which
entitle them, apart from their weight of authority, to a place by
the side of Blackstone.”—Lon. Literary World.
above volume. Several members of Mr. Chitty's family
Mr. Chitty's edit. of Blackstone should accompany the
have distinguished themselves as legal authors or editors,
(q. v.)
Chitty, Joseph, Jr. A Treatise on the Law of the
Prerogatives of the Crown, and the relative Duties and
Rights of the Subject. Lon., 1820, Svo.
A valuable work.”—Petersdorff's Lect. €4.
Precedents in Reading, &c., edited by Henry Pearson
and Thompson Chitty, Lon., 1836, 2 parts, 8vo.
Amer.
edit., Springfield,
edit., Springfield, 1839, 2 vols. 8vo. Bills of Exchange,
&c., Lon., 1834, 2 vols. 8vo. Summary of the Office and
Duties of Constables, Lon., 1837, 12mo; 3d edit., by T.
W. Saunders, 1844, 12mo. Law of Contracts not under
Seal, &c.; 3d edit., corrected, rearranged, and enlarged by
T. Chitty, Lon., 1840, Svo; 6th Amer., from the 3d Lon.,
edit., with addits. by J. C. Perkins, Springfield, 1844, 8vo.
"I ought not to omit to recommend Chitty on Contracts. The
book is skilfully arranged, clearly written, the cases well classified,
and most fully collected. For both the student and practitioner
this work is equally useful, instructive, and necessary.”—Prof.
WHITESIDE.
Chitty, T. Forms of Practical Proceedings in the
Courts of Q. B., C. P., and Exchequer of Pleas, Lon., 1834,
8vo; 7th edit., 1845, 12mo.
Choate, Rufus, b. 1799, at Ipswich, Massachusetts,
an eminent lawyer and late United States Senator from
Mass., graduated at Dartmouth College in 1819.
He was
chosen a tutor in that institution, but preferred the pro-
fession of the Law, and entered the Law School at Cam-
bridge. His orations, several of which have been pub.,
have been greatly admired. In 1832 he was elected a
member of Congress from the Essex district. In 1841 he
was elected a U. S. Senator in place of Daniel Webster,
resigned.
Cholmley, Hugh. State of the New Roman Church,
1629, 8vo.
Cholmondeley. The Four Gospels, Lon., 1836, r. 8vo.
See Horne's Bib. Bibl.
p.
Chorley, H. F. Conti, and other Tales, Lon., 3 vols.
and Germany, 3 vols. p. Svo, 1841. Pomfret, 3 vols. p. Svo,
P. Svo. Lion, 3 vols. p. Svo. Music and Manners in France
1845. Sketches of a Sea Port Town, 3 vols. p. Svo. Memo-
rials of Mrs. Hemans. The Authors of England; 15 plates;
with Biog. and Crit. Sketches, by H. F. C., 1838, r. 4to.
"An annual of the first magnitude and importance."—Lon.
Spectator.
This, for the present season, shall be our Annual. The plates
are exquisitely engraved.”—Lon. Athenæum.
Chorley, Joseph. Metrical Index to the Bible,
Norw., 1711, 8vo.
Chorley, William B., b. about 1800, in Lancashire,
Eng.; elder brother of H. F. Chorley. Translated Lyrics
of Körner from the German, Liverpool, 1835, 12mo.
Chorlton, Thomas. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1773, 8vo.
Choules, John Overton, D.D., b. 1801, at Bristol,
Eng.; settled in America, 1824. History of Missions, 2 vols.
4to, plates; 3d ed., 1840. Christian Offering. Young Ameri-
350
CHO
CHU
cans Abroad, 1852. Cruise of Steam Yacht "North Star,"
1854, 12mo. Ed. Neal's Hist. of the Puritans, with copious
notes; Foster's Lives of the Statesmen of the Common-
wealth; Hinton's U. States, 2 vols. 4to, 1824-53.
tributor to various Religious Journals.
Chovenus, Thos. Collectiones Theologica, Lon.,
1635, 8vo.
Chubb, Thomas, 1679-1746, a literary tallow-chand-
ler. The Supremacy of the Father asserted, Lon., 1715, 8vo.
The Previous Question with regard to Religion, and a Sup-
Con-plement, 1725, 8vo. Three Tracts, 1727, 8vo. A Collec-
tion of Tracts, 1730, 8vo. A Discourse concerning Reason
with regard to Religion and Divine Revelation, 1731, Svo.
An Enquiry, &c., 1732, 8vo. Memoirs, 1747, 8vo. Tracts
and Posthumous Works, 1754, 6 vols. 8vo. For a confu-
tation of Chubb's follies, see Leland's Deistical Writers;
Lemoine on Miracles; Mosheim's Eccles. Hist.; Van Mil-
dert's Boyle Lectures.
Christian, Edward. Reflections, &c. rel. to the mur-
der of Sir E. Godfrey, Lon., 1679, fol.
Christian, Edward, d. 1823, Professor of the Laws
of England in the University of Cambridge, was educated
at St. John's College, Cambridge. A Vindication of the
Rights of the Universities of G. B. to a copy of every new
publication, 3d edit., Lon., 1818, 8vo. Rules of Evidence
before the House of Lords, 1792, Svo. Blackstone's Com-
mentaries, with copious Notes, 1795, 4 vols. 8vo. Origin
of the Two Houses of Parliament, 1810, 8vo. Syllabus of
Lectures, 1797, 8vo. Bankrupt Laws, 2d edit., 1818, 2 vols.
8vo. Every statute and general order of the chancellor is
considered chronologically. Game Laws, 1816, Svo. Plan
for a country Provident Bank, 1816, 8vo. Other treatises.
Christian, Edward. Minutes of C. Martial rel. to
the Mutiny on the "Bounty," 1792.
Christian, Lt. T. P. Plays, &c., 1790, '91. '95.
Christian, Theoph. The Fashionable World dis-
played, 1804.
Christie, Alex. Theolog. treatises, Montrose, 1790.
Christie, Hugh, 1730-1774. Educational works,
1760, '91.
Christie, J. Con. to Med. and Phys. Jour., 1799, 1800.
Christie, J. Traill. Concise Precedents of Wills,
Lon., 1849, 12mo.
Christie, James, d. 1831, an antiquary and aue-
tioneer of London. Inquiry into the Ancient Greek Game,
supposed to have been invented by Palamedes, &c., Lon.,
1801, 4to. Etruscan Vases, 1809, fol. 100 copies printed.
An Essay on the earliest species of Idolatry, the Worship
of the Elements, 1815, Svo. Painted Greek Vases, 1825, 4to.
Christie, James. Analysis of a Report, &c., Lon.,
1847, Svo.
Christie, Thomas, 1761-1796, a native of Montrose.
Letters on the Revolution of France, Lon., 1791. Svo.
Miscellanies; Philosophical, Medical, and Moral, 1792,8vo.
Christie, Thomas, M.D. Small Pox, &c., 1799, 1811.
Christie, W. D. Plea for Perpetual Copyright, Lon.,
1840, 8vo.
Christie, William, 1710-1744. Latin Grammar, &c.
Christison, Alex. General Diffusion of Knowledge,
Edin., 1802. Mathemat. con. to Ann. Philos.. 1815, '17.
Christison, John. Simson's Euclid: new edit., Svo.
Christison, Robert, M.D., Prof. Materia Medica,
Christison, Robert, M.D., Prof. Materia Medica,
Univ. Edin. A Dispensatory; Amer. ed., with addits. by
R. E. Griffith, M.D., Phila., 1848, 8vo.
"It appears to us as perfect as a Dispensatory, in the present
state of the pharmaceutical science, could be made."-Western
Journal of Medicine and Surgery.
Granular Degeneration of the Kidneys. Lon., 1838, Svo. |
A Treatise on Poisons, 4th edit., Edin., 1844, Svo. 1st Amer.
from the 4th English edit., Phila., 1845, Svo.
"It is beyond comparison the most valuable practical Treatise
on Toxicology extant."-Lon. Med. and Phys. Journal.
"Dr. Christison's great work on Poisons, by far the best in Me-
dical Jurisprudence in our language."-Blackwood's Mig.
"One of the greatest additions that has been made to the stores
of Medical, and especially of Medico-legal, Literature."-Buchner's
-Buchner's ¦
Repertorium.
It exhausts the subject, and is of the highest authority."-2
West. Law Journal, 432.
Christmas, Henry, Rev. Cradle of Twin Giants:
Science and History, Lon., 2 vols. p. 8vo. Sundry theo-
logical treatises. Preachers and Preaching, 1858, fp.
Svo.
Christmas, Joseph S. Valedictory Admonit., 1828.
ter, educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, opposed
Christopherson, John, d. 1558, Bishop of Chiches-
the Reformation. Trans. of Philo Judæus into Latin,
Antw., 1553, 4to. Trans. of the Ecclesiastical Histories
of Eusebius, Socrates, Sozomon, Evagrius, and Theodoret,
Louv., 1570, Svo; Cologne, 1570, fol. The Tragedy of
Jephtha, both in Latin and Greek; about 1546: probably
a Christmas Play for Trinity College. Exhortation to all
Menne to take Hede and Beware of Rebellion, Lon., 1553,
'54, 16mo.
Christy, David, b. 1802, in Ohio. Letters on the
Geology of the West and South-West. Chemistry of Agri-
culture. Lectures on Colonization. This work was favour-
ably noticed by the Westminster Rev. History of Missions
in Africa. Elements of Slavery. Billy McConnell, the
Witch-Doctor, &c.
•
He acts the part of a solemn, grave buffoon; sneers at all
things he does not understand; and after all his fair promises, and
the caveat he has entered against such a charge, musí unavoidably
be set down in the seat of the scorner."—Dr. Law.
Chubb, William. Sermons, &c., Lon., 1585.
Chudleigh, Sir George. Declaration, Lon., 1644,4to.
Chudleigh, James. Exploits Discovered, &c., Lon.,
1643, 4to.
--
Chudleigh, Lady Mary, 1656-1710, wife of Sir
George Chudleigh, was a daughter of Richard Lee of De-
vonshire. Poems, Lon., 1703; 3d edit., 1722, 8vo. Essays
in Prose and Verse, 1710, 8vo. For a number of her letters,
see Curll's Collection, vol. 3d; and the Memoirs of Richard
Guinnett and Mrs. Thomas, 1731, 2 vols. Svo.
Her Essays discover an uncommon degree of piety and know.
ledge: and a noble contempt of those vanities which the generality
of her rank so eagerly pursue.”—Ballard's British Lodies,
Lady Mary, it is said, left in MS. a number of tragedies,
operas, masques, &c.
-
Church, Albert E., b. Salisbury, Conn., Prof. Math.
U.S. Military Acad., West Point. Elements of Analytical
Geometry. Elements of the Differential and Integral Calcu-
lus; containing the Elements of the Calculus of Variations.
leges throughout the United States."
The works of Prof. Church are used in many of the best Col
leges throughout the United States."
ta
chusetts. History of Philip's War, compiled from his MS.
Church, Benjamin, 1639-1718, of Duxbury, Massa-
by his son Thomas Church, 1716; 4th ed., with Notes by
S. G. Drake, 1827. See Church's Narrative.
Church, Benjamin, M.D.. of Boston, Mass. Elegy
on the Times, 1765; on Dr. Mayhew, 1766; on the Death
of Whitefield, 1770. Oration, 1773. See Thacher's Medi-
cal Biog.
Church, C. C. A Due Ordination as necessary as a
Due Call to the Gospel Priesthood, Sermon, 1797.
Church, Daniel, or Ecclesiensis, a domestic in
the Court of Henry II., cire. 1180. Parvus Cato, trans.
by Burgh, and afterwards by John Lydgate. Printed by
Lon., fol., sine anno.
Church, Mrs. Eliza Rodman, (née McIllvane,)
b. 1831. She has written under the nom de plume of
Ella Rodman. Her works are Flights of Faney, N.Y.,
Grandmother's Recollections. N.Y., 1851, 12mo.
The Catanese, N.Y., 1853. Christmas Wreath, Phila., 1857.
Contrib. to various magazines.
12mo.
Church, Henry. Nature of God and his Attributes.
Lon., 1637, fol. Church Incense.
+6
Here many secrets in Scripture are unveiled."
Church Incense, or Divine Ejaculations, Lon., 1665,12mo.
This is ascribed by Lowndes to Nath. Church.
Church, John. Infant Baptism, Lon., 1648, 4to.
Church, John, Surgeon. A Cabinet of Quadrupeds,
Lon., 1795-1805, 2 vols. 4to; £9; in 43 Nos.
6.
A beautiful and interesting work. The representations are
remarkable for the singular elegance of the designs and engray-
ings."-British Critic.
Con. to Memoirs Med., 1789, '92.
Church, Nath. 1. Cheap Riches; or a Pocket Com-
panion made of Five Hundred Proverbiall Aphorismes. &c.,
This is ascribed by Watt to Henry Church.
Lon., 1654, 12mo. 2. Divine Ejaculations, 1665, 12mo.
Church, Pharcellus. Mapleton; or, More Work
for the Maine Law, N. York, 1854, 12mo.
horrid effects of the use of intoxicating liquors."
We see plainly before us, panorama-like, in living pictures, the
horrid effects of the use of intoxicating liquors.”
Other works.
Church, Richard. National Education in England,
Lon., 1854, Svo.
"It embraces all the debatable questions of national education,
(omitting only the subjects that should be taught,) and it deals
with them with a master's hand."-Westminster Review.
Church, Thomas. His Remonstrance, Lon., 1644, 4to.
Church, Thomas, D.D., 1707-1756, educated at Bra-
senose College, Oxford, Prebendary of St. Paul's, wrote
several controversial treatises, &c. A Vindication of the
Miraculous Powers, &c., in answer to Dr. Middleton's Free
Inquiry, 1750, Svo. A Second Vindication, 1751, Svo.
Analysis of the Philos. Works of Bolingbroke. Serms.,
1748, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 6S, '78. Other works.
381
CHU
CHU
Churchey, William. Poems, Essays, &c., Lon., 1789,
1804.
Churchill, Col. Ten Years' Residence on Mount Le-
banon, from 1842-52, Lon., 1854, 3 vols. Svo.
"A valuable and interesting work.”
Churchill, Lord. Letter to the King, fol.
Churchill, Charles, 1731-1764, a native of West-
minster, of which parish his father was curate, was educated
at Westminster School, and resided for a short time at
Trinity College, Cambridge. A clandestine marriage at an
early age indicated a want of prudence, which was after-
wards manifested in a remarkable degree. In 1756 he was
ordained priest by Bishop Sherlock, and two years later
succeeded his father in the curacy and lectureship of St.
John's at Westminster. About this time his parishioners
were much shocked by the very unclerical deportment of
their pastor, who was more frequently to be found at the
theatre than in his library, and who neglected the society
of grave and reverend prelates for companionship with
some of the most dissipated "men about town." External
men about town." External
decency soon followed forsaken principles, and the clergy-
man shortly appeared, to the wonder of the town, in a blue
coat, ruffles, and gold-laced hat! He had already tried his
powers as a poet. The Bard, written in 1759, was rejected
by the booksellers, and The Conclave, a satire upon the
Dean and Chapter of Westminster, was suppressed by the
influence of Churchill's friends. In 1761, after being re-
fused five guineas for The Rosciad-a satire upon the per-
formers at Drury Lane and Covent-Garden theatres-he
ub. it at his own risk in March, 1761. Its success sur-
passed his most extravagant hopes. The Critical Reviewers
showed it no mercy, and Churchill retorted in The Apology.
Dr. Pearce, the Dean of Westminster, took the triumphant
and gratified author seriously to task for such dereliction
from his professional duties and character. Churchill was
in no mood to be reasoned with, and he at once resigned
his post, and became an avowed man of the world-we are
sorry to say in the worst sense of the term. He even de-
serted his wife, who had shared his privations in the strait-
ened circumstances of earlier days, and thus walking "in
the counsel of the ungodly," we soon find him occupying
"the seat of the scorner," and casting off all fear of Hea-
ven. That notorious profligate and abandoned debauchee,
John Wilkes, was a proper mate for such an apostate, and
in him Churchill confided as his Guide, Philosopher, and
Friend. Wilkes made him pay for the honour of his com-
pany, and instigated him to write The Prophecy of Famine,
a Scots Pastoral, 1763, 4to, which he said was sure to suc-
ceed, as it was at once personal, poetical, and political. It
is a bitter satire against the Scottish nation. He had pre-
viously given to the world, Night, a Poem, 1761, 4to. The
Ghost, in 4 Books, 1762, '63, 4to. Epistle to Hogarth, 1763,
4to. (The painter had represented Churchill in the form
of a bear, dressed canonically, with ruffles at his paws, and
holding a pot of porter.) The Conference, a Poem, 1763,
4to. To the Prophecy of Famine succeeded The Duellist,
1763, 4to. The Author; Gotham; The Candidate; Inde-
pendence; The Times; Farewell; all 1764, 4to. The Jour-
ney was pub. after his death; also a vol. of sermons. In
1764 Churchill visited the Continent to embrace his friend
Wilkes, who had
"Left his country for his country's good."
and was residing in France. The friends met at Boulogne;
but almost amidst the first congratulations, Churchill was
attacked with the military fever, and after a few days' ill-
ness he was summoned to his "dread account," at the early
age of 34. It was reported that his last exclamation was,
"What a fool I have been!" Wilkes denied this: we should
not have expected him to admit it, if undoubtedly true.
His own character, as well as Churchill's, was at stake.
That the erring poet experienced remorse, if not repentance,
for his transgressions, may be fairly inferred from some
memorable lines in The Conference:
pub. in 1754, 4to; 1774, 4 vols. 12mo; with Life by W
Tooke, 1804, 2 vols. Svo. Churchill's poetry attracted little
attention after his death, and is now almost entirely neg
lected.
"No English poet had ever enjoyed so excessive and so short
lived a popularity; and, indeed, no one seems more thoroughly to
have understood his own powers; there is no indication in any of
his pieces that he could have done any thing better than the thing
he did. To Wilkes he said that nothing came out till he began to
be pleased with it himself; but, to the public, he boasted of the
haste and carelessness with which his verses were poured forth. . . .
"When the mad fit comes on I seize the pen;
Rough as they run, the rapid thoughts set down,
Rough as they run, discharge them on the town.'"
Cowper was a great admirer of the poetry of a man whose
principles or want of them-he could not but detest:
"IIe is, indeed, a careless writer for the most part; but where
shall we find in any of those authors who finish their works with
the exactness of a Flemish pencil, those bold and daring strokes
of fancy, those numbers so hazardously ventured, and so happily
finished, the matter so compressed, and yet so clear, and the colour
it is not the least praise that he is never guilty of those faults as a
sparingly laid on. and yet with such a beautiful effect? In short,
writer, which he lays to the charge of others. A proof that he did
not charge from a borrowed standard, or from rules laid down by
critics, but that he was qualified to do it by his own native powers,
and his great superiority of genius."
"Churchill may be ranked as a satirist immediately after Pope
and Dryden, with perhaps a greater share of humour than either.
He has the bitterness of Pope, with less wit to atone for it, but no
mean share of the fine manner and energetic plainness of Dryden."
-THOMAS CAMPBELL.
•
Churchill, F. F., D.D. Serm., 1773, 4to.
Churchill, Fleetwood, M.D. On the Theory and
Amer.
Practice of Midwifery, Dublin, 2d ed., 1850, Svo.
edit., from the last edit. with Notes and Addits., by D.
Francis Condie, M.D., Phila., 1851, 8vo.
"The lecturer, the practitioner. and the student, may all have
recourse to its pages, and derive from their perusal much interest
and instruction in every thing relating to theoretical and practical
midwifery."-Dublin Quar. Jour. of Med. Science.
Researches on Operative Midwifery, Dublin, 1841, Svo.
Essays on the Puerperal Fever, and other Diseases Peculiar
to Women; Amer. edit., by Dr. Condie, Phila., 1850, Svo.
"To these papers Dr. Churchill has appended notes, embodying
whatever information has been laid before the profession since their
author's time. He has also prefixed to the Essays on Puerperal
Fever. which occupy the larger portion of the volume, an interest-
ing historical sketch of the principal epidemics of that disease.
The whole forms a very valuable collection of papers, by profes-
sional writers of eminence, on some of the most important acei-
dents to which the puerperal female is liable.”—American Journal
of Medical Sciences.
On the Discases of Women, Dublin; 3d ed., 1851, 12mo.
A new Amer. ed., revised by the Author; with Notes and
Addits, by D. Francis Condie, M.D., Phila., 1857, Svo.
"It surpasses every other work that has ever issued from the
British press."-Dublin Quar. Jour.
"We now regretfully take leave of Dr. Churchill's book. Had our
typographical limits permitted, we should gladly have borrowed
more from its richly stored pages. In conclusion, we heartily re
commend it to the profession. and would at the same time express
our firm conviction that it will not only add to the reputation of
its author, but will prove a work of great and extensive utility to
obstetric practitioners."-Dublin Medical Press.
Diseases of Infants and Children, Lon., 1849, Svo.
Amer. ed., by Dr. Keating, Phila., Svo.
"We regard this volume as possessing more claims to complete-
ness than any other of the kind with which we are acquainted.
Most cordially and earnestly, therefore, do we commend it to our
professional brethren, and we feel assured that the stamp of their
approbation will in due time be impressed upon it. After an atten-
tive perusal of its contents, we hesitate not to say, that it is une of
the most comprehensive ever written upon the diseases of children,
and that, for copiousness of reference, extent of research, and per
spicuity of detail. it is scarcely to be equalled, and not to be ex-
celled. in any language."-Dublin Quarterly Journal.
"We recommend the work of Dr. Churchill most cordially both
to students and practitioners, as a valuable and reliable guide in
the treatment of the diseases of children.”—Amer, Jour, of the Mcd.
Sciences.
Churchill, James. Sermons, 1806, '11.
Churchill, James Morss, M.D., and John Ste-
venson, M.D. Medical Botany; new edit., edited by
Gilbert Burnett.
“So high is our opinion of this work, that we recommend every
student at college, and every surgeon who goes abroad, to have a
copy, as one of the essential constituents of his library."-Dr.
Johnson's Med. Chir. Review.
"The tale which angry Conscience tells,
When she with more than tragic horror swells
Each circumstance of guilt: when stern, but true,
She brings bad actions forth into review,
And, like the dread hand-writing on the wall,
Bids late remorse awake at Reason's call:
Armed at all points, bids scorpion vengeance pass,
And to the mind holds up reflection's glass.-
The mind which starting heaves the heart-felt groan,
And hates that form she knows to be her own.”
A volume of Churchill's Sermons on the Lord's Prayer
(by some attributed to C.'s father) were pub. in 1765, Svo.
Prefixed is a satirical dedication (which induced the pub-by
lishers to give £250 for the ten sermons) to Bishop Warbur-
tou, in which that dignitary is addressed as "Doctor, Dean,
Bishop, Gloster, and My Lord." An edit. of his works was
Churchill, Junius. Liverpool Odes, 1793, 4to.
Churchill, Ownsham, and John. Collection of
Voyages and Travels, 1704, 4 vols. fol.; 1732, 8 vols. fol.
1744, 6 vols. fol.; 1752, 6 vols. fol.; the Harleian Collection,
1745-47, 2 vols. fol., form a Supplement to the above.
This collection is very valuable; its place cannot be supplied
recurring to the original works, as a great part of them are first
published in it from the MSS.”—G. B. DE LA RICHARDERIE: Biblio-
thèque Universelle des Voyages.
In his Directions for Study, Bishop Warburton advises
332
CHU
CIB
the student rather to read over Churchill's Collection, (if
he would know what human nature really is,) than to waste
his time in travelling through the artificial circles of society
in Europe.
"Here we may see Nature stripped stark naked, and study her
without disguise."
The American student, especially, should also procure
M. Du Perier's General History of Voyages and Travels
throughout the Old and New World, Lon., 1707, 8vo.
"Except the Introduction of 36 pages, the whole of this volume
relates to the early voyages of the Spaniards to America, from
Oviedo, and other Spanish authors."-RICH.
And let the lover of Voyages and Travels not fail to pro-
cure Harris's, Kerr's, Hakluyt's, and Pinkerton's Collec-
tions, and G. Boucher de la Richarderie's Bibliothèque
Universelle des Voyages, Paris, 1808, 6 vols. 12mo. The
following remarks from an eminent authority should be
sufficient to stimulate an appetite for such instructive and
delightful studies.
"The old voyagers are always more picturesque and poetical
than the modern they describe those simple appearances. which
we now suppose to be known. Churchill and Harris's Collections
will furnish you with great abundance of Indian imagery.”—SIR
JAMES MACKINTOSH.
Churchill, T. 0. Trans. of Herder's Philosophy
of History, Lon., 1803, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Herder is the founder of the Philosophy of History: nobody
before nor after him has taken up the grand subject in its full ex-
tent."-Cher. Bunsen's Hippolytus.
•
Life of Lord Nelson, 1808, 4to.
"This publication may be considered as a vehicle for prints;
which, however, are neither good in design or execution."-
LOWNDES.
Churchill, Thos. F., M.D. Profess. works, 1808, '10.
Churchill, Sir Winston, father of the Duke of
Marlborough, 1620-1688, a native of Dorsetshire, was
educated at St. John's College, Oxford. Divi Britannici,
being a Remark upon the Lives of all the Kings of this
Isle, from the year of the World 2855, unto the year of
Grace 1660; with cuts, Lon., 1675, fol.
"The notices in this work are very slight. but said to be very
accurate as to dates and authorities.”—DR. WATT.
In some copies occurs a passage stating that the king
may raise money without his Parliament, which
CC
Being much resented by several members of parl. then
the leaf of the remaining copies where it was, was reprinted with
out that passage, purposely to please and give content."-Athen,
Oxon.
"The Divi Britannici gives the reader a diverting view of the
arms and exploits of our kings down to the Restoration in 1660."
— Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Library.
Churchman. History of Episcopacy, 1642, 4to.
Churchman, John, d. 1805, a native of Maryland,
Magnetic Atlas, Phil., 1790; Lon., 1794, 4to: 1804, 4to.
Churchman, Theophilus, i. c. Peter Heylin. A
Review of the Certamen Epistolæ between Ileylin, D.D.,
and Hen. Hickman, B.D., Lon., 1639, 12mo.
Churchman, Walter. A New Engine for Raising
Water. See Phil. Trans., 1734.
A New Book of Good
Churchy, G., of Lyons Inne.
Husbandrie, 1599.
Churchyard, Thomas, 1520-1604, a native of
Shrewsbury, author of many prose and poetical pieces,
was a domestic to the celebrated Earl of Surrey, and after
the death of this nobleman served as a soldier in several
campaigns. A list of many of his works will be found in
Athen. Oxon., Ritson's Bibl. Poetica, Biog. Brit., Lowndes's
Bibl. Manual, and some specimens in the Censura Lite-
raria. George Chalmers repub. in 1817, Svo, Churchyard's
Chips concerning Scotland, being a Collection of his
Pieces relative to that country; with Historical Notices
und Life.
"The best of his poems, in point of genius, is his Legende of
Jane Shore, and the most popular his Worthiness of Wales, 1580,
Svo, of which an edition was published in 1776.”
"An excellent soldier, and a man of honest principles."
STRYPE: Life of Grindal.
"By the men of those times he was accounted a good poet, by
others a poor court poet; but since, as much beneath a poet as a
rhimer."-Athen. Oxon.
But honest Fuller protests against such depreciating
observations:
"Though some conceive him to be as much beneath a poet as
above a rhymer, [sic,] in my opinion his verses may go abreast
with any of that age, writing in the beginning of Queen Elizabeth.
It seems by this his Epitaph in Mr. Camden's Remains,' that he
died not guilty of much wealth:
Come Alecto, lend me thy torch,
To find a church-yard in a church-porch:
Poverty and poetry his tomb doth inclose;
Wherefore, good neighbours, be merry in prose.""
What could be expected but "poverty" of
"One of those unfortunate men, who have written poetry all
their days, and lived a long life, to complete the misfortune."
DISRAELI: Culamilies of Authors.
Churton, Edward.
The Early English Church,
new ed., Lon., 1841, 12mo. Lays of Faith and Loyalty,
1847, 18mo. Monastic Ruins of Yorkshire, i. to iv., 1844-
46, fol.
Churton, Edward. The Railroad Book of England,
Lon., r. 8vo, 1851.
"Mr. Churton has been pre-eminently successful in accomplish-
ing his Herculean undertaking, and has placed his work beyond
the danger of failure.”—Bell's Messenger,
Churton, H. B. Whitaker. Thoughts on the Land
of the Morning: a Record of Two Visits to Palestine,
1849, '50, Lon., 1852, c. 8vo.
"An agreeable and profitable companion to all students of the
sacred volume.”—English Review.
"It may be recommended especially as a book for families.”—
Lon. Christian Observer.
Churton, Ralph, 1754-1831, a native of Bickley,
Cheshire; entered Brasenose College, Oxford, 1772;
elected Fellow, 1778; Archdeacon of St. David's, 1805.
Eight Serms., Lon., 1785, 8vo. Serms., 1785, '90, '93, '98,
1803, '04, '06. Letter to the Bp. of Winchester, 1796, Svo.
Lives of Bishop Smith and Sir Richard Sutton, Founders
of Brasenose College. Life of Alexander Nowell, Dean
of St. Paul's, 1809, 8vo.
"C
Among the happiest specimens of its kind which the present
The very portrait of the good old dean. placing
century has seen.
his hand upon his fishing-rod, is enough to rejoice a Waltonian."
DIBDIN.
Works of the Rev. T. Townson, D.D., 1810, 2 vols. 8vo.
Memoir of Dr. Richard Chandler prefixed to a new ed. of
his Travels in Asia Minor and Greece, Oxford, 1825, 2
vols. 8vo.
Chute, or Chewt, Anthony. Beautie dishonoured,
written under the title of Shore's Wife, Lon., 1593, 4to.
Perry sale, £26; Jadis, £15 158.; Bindley, £34 138.
*An imitative history in verse, supposed to be unique, consist-
ing of 197 six-line stanzas."
Cibber, Colley, 1671-1757, Poet Laureate to George
II., made his appearance as an actor at the early age of 18,
but not meeting with the success he anticipated, he deter-
mined to turn author, and in 1695 produced his first play,
Love's Last Shift, or the Fool in Fashion. The author
performed the part of Sir Novelty Fashion, and in both
capacities he was rewarded by great applause. In 1704
was acted his best piece, The Careless Husband, in which
Cibber and Mrs. Oldfield enacted the principal characters.
He injured himself in the eyes of the Jacobites, in 1717,
by his Comedy of the Nonjuror. He was quite consoled,
however, for their enmity, by receiving a pension from
1730. In this year he quitted the stage; but appeared
Geo. I. of £200, being promoted to the post of Laureate in
again on special occasions. An edit. of his Plays appeared
A list of 30 plays, with which he had more or less to do,
in 1721, 2 vols. 4to; and a later one in 1777, 5 vols. Svo.
presents a very curious picture of state affairs in his day.
will be found in Biog. Dramat. His Apology for his Life
It was pub. in 1740, 4to; 1756, 2 vols. 12mo; new edit.,
with explanatory Notices, by E. Bellchambers, 1822, 8vo.
Pope had made himself ridiculous, as he generally did
Dunciad, because he had convicted Pope of gross igno-
in his petty malice, by making Theobald the hero of the
second time, by exalting to that dull eminence, Colley
rance of Shakspeare. He now made himself ridiculous a
Cibber, one of the wittiest and most sprightly authors of
answerable. His ambition led him into a grave error,
the day. Cibber's letter of remonstrance to Pope was un-
when it induced him to undertake such a criticism as The
1747, 4to. Fielding took great delight in ridiculing hi:n.
Character and Conduct of Cicero considered; pub. Lon.,
Cibber's name is frequently introduced in Boswell's Life
of Johnson.
"Boswell: 'Cibber was a man of observation?' JOHNSON: 'I
think not.' BOSWELL: 'You will allow his Apology to be well
done.' JoпNSON: · Very well done, to be sure, sir. That book is
a striking proof of the justice of Pope's remark:
Each might his several province well command,
Would all but stoop tɔ what they understand.'”
Swift was so much pleased with Cibber's Apology for
his Life, that he sat up all night to read it: upon hearing
which, Cibber, it is said, shed tears for joy.
Cibber, Susanna Maria, d. 1766, a celebrated ac-
tress, sister of Dr. Arne, and wife of Theophilus, son of
Colley Cibber, trans. in 1752, The Oracle of St. Foix.
Cibber, Theophilus, 1703-1758, son of Colley Cib-
ber, bore even a worse moral character than his father,
which was quite unnecessary. He was an actor, and mar-
ried first an actress of the name of Johnson, and, secondly,
Miss Arne, (see above.) The Lover, C., 1730. Patie an
Peggie, B. O., 1730. The Mock Officer, F., 1733. Other
Dramatic picces, and alterations of Henry VI., and Romen
383
CIR
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and Juliet, from Shakspeare. The following work appeared
under his name, The Lives of the Poets of G. Britain and
Ireland, from the time of Dean Swift, Lon., 1753, 5 vols.
12mo: but we have direct evidence that Cibber was not
sole author of this work:
"I take this opportunity to testify, that the book called Cibber's
Lives of the Poets was not written, nor, I believe, ever seen, by
either of the Cibbers, but was the work of Robert Shiels, a native
of Scotland, a man of a very acute understanding, though with
little scholastic education, who, not long after the publication of
his work, died in London of a consumption. His life was virtuous
and his end was pious. Theophilus Cibber, then a prisoner for
debt, imparted, as I was told, his name for ten guineas. The
manuscript of Shiels is now in my possession."-DR. JOHNSON:
Life of Hummond.
Here Johnson is much in error, for we have Griffith's
(the publisher) testimony that Cibber did revise, correct,
and add to the MS., and probably wrote some of the Lives.
See Boswell's Johnson; and for publications connected
with the Cibbers, father and son, see Lowndes's Bibl.
Manual.
Cirencester. See RICHARD OF CHICHESTER.
Clack, J. M. Serms. and other Remains, with Me-
moir and Fun. Serm., by J. Hooper, Lon., 1817, Svo.
"We have seldom met with so many incidents of an affecting
nature in connection with one who was not permitted to see many
years on earth, as are presented to us in this small but respect-
able volume.”—Lm. Congreg. Mag.
Clacy, Mrs. Charles. A A Lady's Visit to the Gold
Diggings of Australia in 1852, '53, Lon., 1853, p. Svo.
"The most pithy and entertaining of all the books that have
been written on the gold diggings."-Lon. Literary Gaz.
"We recommend this work as the emigrant's vade mecum.”—
Lon. Home Companion.
Clagett, Nicholas, 1607-1663, entered Merton Col-
lege, Oxford, 1628; Vicar of Melbourne, Dorsetshire,
about 1636; subsequently preacher at St. Mary's in St.
Edmund's Bury, Suffolk. The Abuses of God's Grace, &c.,
Oxf., 1659, 4to.
Clagett, Nicholas, D.D., 1654-1726, son of the pre-
ceding, admitted of Christ Church College, 1671; preacher
at St. Mary's, in St. Edmund's Bury, 1680; Archdeacon
of Sudbury, 1693. A Persuasive to an Ingenious Trial of
Opinions in Religion, Lon., 1685, 4to. Serm., 1683, '86,
1710. Truth Defended, and Boldness in Error Rebuked, &c.,
being a confutation of Mr. Whiston's book entitled, The
Accomplishment of Scripture Prophecies, Lon., 1710, Svo.
This eminent divine lived extremely valued and respected on
account of his exemplariness, charity, and other virtues.”—Biog.Br.
Clagett, Nicholas, D.D., son of the preceding, d.
1746. Bishop of St. David's, 1731; translated to Exeter,
1746. Serms. 1714, 33, '37, '40, '42.
Clagett, William, D.D., 1646-1688, uncle of the
preceding, admitted of Emanuel College, Cambridge, 1659;
was for 7 years preacher of St. Edmund's Bury, and sub-
sequently preacher to the Society of Gray's Inn. He
pub. many theological treatises, chiefly controversial.
We notice a few: A Discourse on the Holy Spirit, with a
Confutation of some part of Dr. Owen's book on that sub-
ject, Lon., 1678-80, Svo. An Answer to the Dissenter's
Objections against the Common Prayers, &c., 1683, 4to.
Extreme Unction, 1687, 4to. A Paraphrase and Notes
upon the First Chapter of St. John, Lon., 1686, 4to. See
Orme's Bibl. Bib. Serins.,1689-93, 2 vols.; 4th ed.,1704-20,
4 vols. 8vo.
..
"I should not scruple to give Dr. Clagett a place among the
most eminent and celebrated writers of this Church, and if he
may be allowed that, it is as great an honour as can be done him."
-Archbishop Sharpe.
Sp
"His writings are not of great value, and are now little known."
-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Bishop Burnet praises Clagett for his learning, piety,
and virtues.
Claggett, John. Arianism Anatomized, 1719, 8vo.
Clairant. Con. to Phil. Trans. on the Rays of Light,
1754.
Clanes, Thomas. Answer to Vestry, 1812.
Claney, M., M.D. Templum Veneris, Lon., 1745, 4to.
Clanny, W. R., M.D. Mineral Waters, &c., 1807-16.
Clanricarde, Úlick, Marquis of, and Earl of
St. Alban's. Memoirs, 1722, 8vo. Memoirs and Letters
respecting the Rebellion in Ireland temp. Charles I., 1757,
fol. The first work Bishop Nicolson styles
"A lean collection of letters, warrants, orders, and other loose
and incoherent state-papers relating to the Irish Rebellion.”
Clap, Nath., 1668-1745, a minister of Newport,
Rhode Island, pub. a Serm. on the Lord's Voice crying to
the People in some extraordinary dispensations, 1715.
"Before I saw Father Clap, I thought the Bishop of Rome had
the gravest aspect of any man I ever saw; but really the mi-
nister of Newport has the most venerable' appearance.”—Bishɔp
BERKELEY.
Clap, Roger, 1609-1691, one of the first settlers of Dor-
setshire, Massachusetts. Memoirs of himself, 1731; with
an appendix by Jas. Blake, 1807.
Clap, Thomas, 1703-1767, President of Yale College,
1739-66, was eminent for his proficiency in Mathematics,
Astronomy, and Natural Philosophy. Serm., 1732. Letter
to Mr. Edwards, 1745. Religious Constitution of Colleges,
1745. Doctrines of the Churches of New England, 1755.
Essay, 1765. History of Yale College, 1766. Conjectures
of Meteors, 1781. See Holmes's Life of Stiles; Hist. of
Yale College.
Clapham, Henoche. Briefe of the Bible's History,
Lon., 1596. Theolog. treatises, 1597–1609.
Clapham, Jonathan. Theolog. treatises, 1651-84.
Clapham, John. Narcissus, Lon., 1581, 4to.
Clapham, John. History of G. Britain, 1602, 4to.
Clapham, Samuel, d. 1830, aged 76. Serms., 1792,
&c. The three following were pub. under the name of
Theophilus St. John: Orig. Serms., 1790, Svo. Prac. Serms.,
1803, 2 vols. Svo. Charges of Massillon, from the French,
1805, Svo. Points of Sessions Law, 1818, 2 vols. 8vo.
"This work may serve as an index, but cannot be relied on for
accuracy."
Serms. selected and abridged from various authors,
1803-15, 3 vols. Svo., enlarged ed., 1830, 2 vols. Svo.
"The abridgments will be found extremely useful to the clergy
as skeletons, or heads to form discourses from.”
"These sermons are truly excellent.”—British Critic,
The Pentateuch, or the Five Books of Moses Illustrated,
Lon., 1818, 12mo.
"The plan is judicious, and the execution is, on the whole, re
spectable."-Lon. Eclectic Review.
Other publications.
Clapp, John. Serms., 2d ed., Lon., 1819, 3 vols. 8vo.
Clappe,Ambrose. Emmanuel Manifested,1655,12mo.
traveller, was a native of Dumfriesshire. He was cut off
Clapperton, Hugh, 1788-1827, a celebrated African
by the dysentery at Saccatoo. His Journals were pre-
Travels in Africa, 1822-24, Lon., 1826, 4to. Clapperton's
served and published. Denham, Clapperton, and Oudney's
Journal of a second Expedition into the Interior of Africa,
with Lander's Journal, 1829, 4to. Clapperton and Oud.
Our knowledgo
ney's Travels in Africa, 1828, 2 vols. 8vo.
of Africa has been greatly increased by these publications.
See LANDER, RICHARD; DENHAM, DIXON.
Clapperton, William. Poems, &c., Edin., 8vo.
Clapthorne, Henry. The Hollander; a Play,1640,4to.
Claramont, C., M.D. De Aëre, locis et aquis Angliæ
deque morbis Anglorum Vernaculis. Diss. nec non Obser-
vationes Medica Cambro-Britannicæ, Lon., 1672, 12mo;
1657, Svo.
Clare, Juhn, b. 1793, at Helpstone, near Peterborough,
of obscure parentage, excited much attention by his re-
markable powers of poetical description. He pub. in 1820,
Poems, Descriptive of Rural Life and Scenery, which im
mediately secured the public favour.
"The instance before us is, perhaps, one of the most striking of
patient and persevering talent existing and enduring in the most
forlorn and seemingly hopeless condition that literature has at
any time exhibited."-Lon. Quarterly Review.
In 1821, he pub. The Village Minstrel and other Poems,
2 vols. Svo. He has also contributed a number of articles
to the periodicals. See an interesting account of Clare in
Chambers's Cycl. of Eng. Literature.
Clare, John Fitz-Gibbon, Earl of, 1749-1802,
Lord High-Chancellor of Ireland.
Verses, 1774, 4to. Report, 1798,
Lord High-Chancellor of Ireland. Speech on the Union.
Svo.
"A man of an ardent, daring spirit. but able, virtuous, and pa
triotic." See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors.
Earl of Strafford, who was beheaded. An Answer to some
Clare, John Hollis, Earl of, father-in-law of the
Passages of Sir Francis Bacon's Essay on Empire. Speech
in behalf of the Earl of Oxford. Letter to his son-in-law,
Strafford.
"Lord Clare was admired for his letters; and Howell, in two of
his, bears testimony to the earl's learning and skill in languages."
See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors.
Clare, Martin. Treatise on the Motion of Fluids, Lon.,
1735, Svo; with addits. by R. Hall, M.D., Lon., 1802, 8vo.
Clare, Peter, Surgeon. Prof. treatises, Lon., 1778,8vo.
Clare, R. Trans. of a Political Declaration, 1649, fol.
Clare, R. A., Surgeon. Con. on the Air Pumps to
Nic. Jour., 1801.
Latin Tongue, Lon., 1688, 8vo.
Clare, William. The Natural way to Learn the
Clarek, Timothy, M.D. Profess. con. to Phil. Trans.
1668; on the Injection into Veins, the Transfusion of
Blood, &c.
Clarence, Duke of, (William the Fourth.)
Speech in the House of Lords on the Slave-Trade, Lon.,
TRS
CLA
CLA
1799, 8vo. Substance of his Speeches in the House of Lords
against the Divorce Bill, 1800, 8vo.
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, Earl of, 1608-1673,
one of the most illustrious characters of English bistory,
was the third son of Henry Hyde, of Dinton, Wiltshire,
where he was born on the 16th of February. He was en-
tered of Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1622, where he re-
mained one year; after which he removed to the Middle
Temple, and pursued his legal studies under the direction
of his uncle, Nicholas Hyde, afterwards Chief Justice of
the King's Bench. In his twenty-first year he married
the daughter of Sir George Ayliffe, who only survived the
union six months. Three years afterwards he married the
daughter of Sir Thomas Aylesbury, Master of Requests.
He informs us in his Life, that he made it a rule to select
for his associates none but persons distinguished for their
rank, fortune, or accomplishments. We need not be sur-
prised, therefore, to find among his "list of friends," stars
of the first magnitude:-Ben Jonson, Selden, May, Sir
Kenelm Digby, Edmund Waller, Lord Falkland, Sheldon,
Morley, Earle, Hales, Chillingworth, &c. (See Memo-
rials of his own life.) The patronage of the Marquis of
Hamilton and Archbishop Laud was of great value to the
ambitious aspirant for brilliant honours. In 1640 he was!
elected a member of Parliament, and as a Royalist, waged
stern war with Hampden and other representatives of
popular pretensions. His zeal was not overlooked, and in
1643 he was raised to the high position of Lord Chancellor
of the Exchequer, sworn a member of the Privy Council,
and knighted. When affairs had taken so grave a turn
that it was deemed prudent to send the prince, afterwards
Charles II., out of the way of danger, Hyde was bis com-
panion, but remained in Jersey when the prince sailed for
France. During this retirement of two years, he wrote por-
tions of his two celebrated works, The History of the Rebel-
lion, and Account of his own Life. His studies were inter-
His studies were inter-
rupted in 1648, by directions to attend the prince at Paris.
He found him at the Hague, where the news soon arrived of
the execution of King Charles I. Whilst on the Continent,
Clarendon chiefly resided at Madrid and Antwerp. In
1657, King Charles II., still an exile, rewarded the fidelity
of his follower by creating him Lord High Chancellor of
England. But he suffered greatly from poverty at dif-
ferent times, having, as he tells us, "neither clothes nor
fire to preserve me from the sharpness of the season." At
the Restoration he displayed great sagacity in reconciling
the hostile parties who composed the strength of the king-
dom, and it was mainly owing to his counsels that the
Republicans escaped the bitter chalice which they had
commended to the lips of the persecuted and down-trodden
Royalists. In 1660, Hyde was chosen Chancellor of the
University of Oxford, and created a peer by the title of
Baron Hyde, of Hindon, in Wiltshire, to which were added
in 1661, the titles of Viscount Cornbury in Oxfordshire, and
Earl of Clarendon in Wiltshire. Such greatness must
needs excite the envy of the malicious; and this ill will
was heightened by the announcement of the marriage of
his daughter to the Duke of York, afterwards James II.
This event was unknown to Clarendon until its publicity
became a matter of necessity, and Charles II. did not per-
mit it to deprive him of his favour. In 1663, the Earl of
Bristol exhibited a charge of High Treason against Claren-
don, the gravamen of which was an alleged intention to
favour the introduction of Popery into Great Britain.
There were other causes of resentment-the king's neg-
leet of public affairs, the extravagance of the Court, &e.-
which prudence did not permit to be openly exposed. In
1667 he was removed from his post of Chancellor, and
shortly afterwards received the king's orders to leave the
country. He sailed for France, November 29, 1667, and
on the 19th of the ensuing month an act of banishment
shut the door to all hopes of return to his native land.
He resided for four years at Montpellier, passed some time
at Moulins, and finally took up his residence at Rouen,
where he died, December 9, 1674. There was nothing
now to excite the animosity of his foes, and his body was
permitted to rest in the land he had so faithfully served,
and by which he had been so ungratefully rewarded. He lies,
"Without a line to mark the spot,"
on the north side of Henry VIIth's chapel, in Westminster
Abbey. Lord Clarendon had by his second wife four sons
and two daughters: Henry, the second Earl of Clarendon,
(q. v.,) d. in 1709; Lawrence, Earl of Rochester, d. in
1711; Edward and James died unmarried. Frances was
married to Thomas Keightly of Hertingfordbury; Anne
married James, Duke of York, and was the mother of
Mary and Anne, Queens of England.
25
1
As an author, Lord Clarendon can never become obso-
lete while the slightest interest exists in one of the most
eventful portions of England's annals. Speeches, Argu-
ment, &c., Lon., 1641, &c. An Answer to the Declaration
of the Commons, Lon., 1648, 8vo. Character of Robert,
Earl of Essex, and George, Duke of Buckingham, 1706;
orig. pub. in Reliquia Wottonianæ, 1672.
"The reader will be here entertained with the pictures of two
of the greatest subjects of Europe in their time: and although one
of them is inimitably drawn by the noble Author in his History,
yet this signature will still be acceptable, since 'tis all thrown
into another view."-Preface to ed. 1706.
Narrative of the Settlement in Ireland, Lovain, 1668,
4to. Animadversions on a Book called Fanaticism, 1674,
4to. Brief View and Survey of Hobbes's Leviathan, Oxf.,
1676, 4to. History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in
England begun in 1641, &c., Oxf., 1702-04, 3 vols. fol.;
1705, '06, 6 vols. 8vo; 1717, 7 vols. 8vo. Supplement,
1717, Svo; 1724, 8vo.
1724, 8vo. A new edit. of the History of the
Rebellion, with all the suppressed passages, and the un-
pub. Notes of Bishop Warburton, Oxf., 1826, 8 vols. 8vo
edited by Dr. Bandinel:
"Clarendon's History of the Rebellion is one of the noblest his
torical works of the English nation. In the present edition, which
is the first correct and complete publication of bis History, the
ceding editions are now for the first time laid before the public.”
passages omitted and the words altered in the original and pre-
-Edinburgh Revivio.
Last edit., Oxf., 1849, 7 vols. 8vo. Hist. of the Rebel-
lion, &c., with his Life, written by himself, in which is in-
cluded a continuation of his Hist. of the Great Rebellion,
Lon., 1842, 1 vol. 8vo. Life by Himself, with continua-
tion of Hist. Rebellion, 55 plates, Oxf., 1827, 3 vols. 8vo;
2 vols. 4to. Hist. of Rebellion, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. imp.
svo. Religion and Policy, (first pub. from the MS.,1811,)
2 vols. r. Svo. Hist. of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in
Ireland, 1720, '21, 8vo. This is a vindication of the Mar-
quis of Ormonde. Hist. of the Reign of Charles II., 2
vols. 4to. This is included in his Life. Collection of
Tracts, Lon., 1727, fol. Vindication of himself from the
Impeachment of H. Commons in regard to the sale of Dun-
kirk, Lon., 1747, fol.; with Reflections upon the Psalms,
applied to the troubles of the times. State Papers, 1621-
74, containing the Materials from which his History was
composed, and the authorities on which the truth of his
relation is founded; with an Appendix from Archbishop
Sancroft's MSS., Oxf., 1767-86, 3 vols. fol. Miscellaneous
Works, 2d edit., 1751, fol. An Account of his Life, writ-
ten by himself, &c., Oxf., 1759; new edit.; see above.
Essays, Moral and Entertaining; new edit., pub. by Rev.
J. S. Clarke, D.D., 1815, 2 vols. 8vo. The Natural His-
tory of the Passions, Svo.
A
Many doubted whether Lord Clarendon was the author of it;
and more thought that it was the sharking trick of a bookseller
to set his name to, for sale sake.”—WOOD.
The reader should peruse T. H. Lister, Esq.'s Life and
Administration of Edward, First Earl of Clarendon, with
Original Correspondence and Authentic Papers, never be-
fore published, Lon., 1838, 3 vols. Svo: vol. i., 1609-60
vol. ii., 1660-74; vol. iii., Letters and Papers.
;
Lister's Life of Clarendon is not the ingenious or eloquent
pleading of an advocate, but the severe and enlightened neutrality
of a judge. The characteristics proper for the occasion were good
taste and good sense, intelligent research. and perfect candour.
And these Mr. Lister possesses in an eminent degree.”—Edinburgh.
Review.
“A valuable contribution to the history of our native country."
-Lon. Literary Gazette.
See LISTER, THOMAS H. To these valuable volumes
Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, and Lawrence Hyde. Earl of Ro-
should be added The Correspondence and Diaries of Henry
chester, &c., by S. W. Singer, Esq., Lon., 1828, 2 vols. r. 4to.
(See below.) The reader will also be interested in An His-
Earl of Clarendon, by the Hon. Agar Ellis, Lon.. 1827, Svo.
torical Inquiry respecting the Character of Edward Hyde,
Mr. Ellis arrives at the conclusion, which will be rejected by
many of his readers, that Clarendon was an unprincipled
man of talent. This notice of Mr. Ellis's opinions may
properly introduce some quotations from various authori-
and an author:
ties respecting the character of Clarendon as a statesman
"I cannot but let you know the incredible satisfaction I have
taken in reading my late Lord Clarendon's History of the Rebel.
lion, so well and so unexpectedly well written the preliminary so
like that of the noble Polybius, leading us by the courts, avenues,
and porches, into the fabric; the style masculine; the characters
so just, and tempered without the least impediment of passion or
tincture of revenge, yet with such natural and lively touches as
show his lordship well knew not only the persons' outsides, but
their very interiors."-Letters of John Evelyn to Samuel Ppys,
Jun. 20, 1702, '03. See Diary and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys,
Lon., 1854, 4 vols. Svo.
"His lordship died an exile, and in the displeasure of his ma
385
CLA
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jesty, and others who envied his rise and fortune-tam breves
Populi Romani amores! But I shall say no more of his ministry,
and what was the pretence of his fall, than that we have lived to
see great revolutions. The buffons, parasites, pimps, and concu-
bines, who supplanted him at court, came to nothing not long
after, and were as little pitied. Tis something yet too early to
publish the names of his delators, for fear of one's teeth. But
time will speak truth, and sure I am the event has made it good.
Things were infinitely worse managed since his disgrace."Evelyn
to Pepys. See Diary and Corresp. of J. Evelyn, Lon., 1852, 4 vols. Svo.
It is not to be denied that many of his lordship's con-
temporaries entertained a very different opinion of him;
and Mr. Agar Ellis, among modern writers, accuses him
of treachery, as well as imbecility, in the management of
state affairs.
We continue our quotations:
"The Earl of Clarendon, upon the Restoration, made it his busi-
ness to depress everybody's merits to advance his own, and the
king having gratified his vanity with high titles, found it neces-
sary towards makiug a fortune in proportion to apply himself to
other means than what the crown could afford."-LORD DART-
MOUTH: Note on Burnet.
"Had Clarendon sought nothing but power, his power had ne-
ver ceased. A corrupted court and a blinded populace were less
the causes of the chancellor's fall, than an ungrateful king, who
could not pardon his
refused to accept for him
the slavery of his country. ... Buckingham, Shaftsbury, Lauder-
dale, Arlington, and such abominable men, were the exchange
which the nation made for my Lord Clarendon!... As an historian
he seems more exceptionable. His majesty and eloquence, bis
power of painting characters, his knowledge of his subject, rank
him in the first class of writers-yet he has both great and little
faults."-HORACE WALPOLE: R. & N. Authors.
"He particularly excels in characters, which, if drawn with pre-
cision and elegance, are as difficult to the writers as they are
agreeable to the readers of history. He is in this particular as
unrivalle 1 among the moderns as Tacitus among the ancients. . .
His style is rather careless than laboured: his periods are long,
and frequently embarrassed by parentheses. Hence it is, that he
is one of the most difficult of all authors to be read with an audi-
ble voice."-Granger's Biog. Hist.
Clarendon will always be esteemed an entertaining writer,
even independent of our curiosity to know the facts which he re-
lates. His style is prolix and redundant, and suffocates us by the
length of its periods; but it discovers imagination and sentiment,
and pleases us at the same time that we disapprove of it. . . . An
air of probity and goodness runs through the whole work, as these
qualities did in reality embellish the whole life of the author..
Clarendon was always a friend to the liberty and constitution of
his country."-HUME; Hist. of England.
S
The lustre of all partial and even general Histories of England,
was eclipsed. at the opening of the eighteenth century, by the
History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars from the powerful pen of
Lord Clarendon: a work, of which the impressions and profits
have increased in an equal ratio-and of which the popularity is
built an imperishable basis. A statesman, a lawyer,
philosopher in its most practical, and perhaps rational, sense, there
is hardly any name which has reached us, encircled by purer rays
of renown, than that of Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, or any which is
more likely to go down to posterity in a more unsullied state of
purity."-DR. DIBDIN: Library Companion.
"He is excellent in every thing that he has performed with caro:
his characters are beautifully delineated. his sentiments have often
a noble gravity, which the length of his periods, far too great in
itself, seems to befit; but in the general course of his narrative,
he is negligent of grammar and perspicuity, with little choice of
words, and, therefore, sometimes idiomatic, without ease or ele
gance. The official papers on the royal side, which are generally
attributed to him, are written in a masculine and majestic tone,
far superior to those of the Parliament."-Hullam's Introduc. to Lit
Hist., and in his Constitutional Hist. of England.
See Life of Edward, Earl of Clarendon, written by him-
self, printed from the original MS. in the Bodleian Library,
Lon., 1857, 2 vols. 8vo.
"His Life' is full of a thousand curious anecdotes."-BISHOP
WARBURTON.
"You ask me about reading history. You are quite right to read
“You
Clarendon; his style is a little long-winded. but, on the other hand,
his characters may match those of the ancient historians, and one
thinks they would know the very men if you were to meet them
in society. Few English writers have the same precision either in
describing the actors in great scenes, or the deeds which they
formed. He was, you are aware. himself deeply engaged in the
scenes which he depicts. and therefore colours them with the in-
dividual feeling. and sometimes, doubtless. with the partiality, of
a partisan.”—Sir Walter Scott's Letter to his Son.
"The respect which we justly feel for Clarendon as a writer must
not blind us to the faults which he committed as a statesman...
In some respects he was well fitted for his great place. No man
wrote abler state papers. No man spoke with more weight and
dignity in council and Parliament. No man was better acquainted
with general maxims of statecraft. No man observed the varieties
of character with a more discriminating eve. It must be added
It must be added
that he had a strong sense of moral and religious obligation, a sin-
cere reverence for the laws of his country, and a conscientious re-
gard for the honour and interest of the crown But his temper
was sour, arrogant, and impatient of opposition.”—T. B. MACAULAY :
Hist. of England, q. v.
Clarendon, George William Frederick Vil-
liers, Earl of, b. in 1800, is the present representative
of the great Earl of Clarendon, and of the brother of Vil-
liers, the favourite of James I. He succeeded to the title
in 1838. He was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1847
to 1852, and has held several important offices. In 1846
he was appointed President of the Board of Trade. He
was associated (when Mr. Villiers) with Dr. Bowring in
drawing up the First Report on the Commercial Relations
between France and Great Britain, 1834, fol.
Clarendon, Henry Hyde, second Earl of, 1638-
1709, eldest son of the first earl, was carefully trained
for public business by his illustrious parent. In resent-
ment of the treatment to which his father was subjected,
he joined the party which opposed the court, and made many
speeches, some of which were preserved by Mr. Grey. On
the accession of James II. he was made Lord Lieutenant
of Ireland, but was superseded by Lord Tyrconnel. He
refused to take the oaths to William III., and was for some
time imprisoned in the Tower. After his release he lived
in retirement until his death in 1709. The History and
Antiquities of the Cathedral Church at Winchester, con-
tinued by Samuel Gale, Lon., 1715, Svo. Two Papers in
Gutch's Collectanea Curiosa, vol. i. 309-13. State Letters
and Diary, Oxf., 1763, 2 vols. 4to.
This Diary presents us with a picture of the manners of the
close of the seventeenth century a man of the first quality made
age in which the writer lived. We may learn from it, that at the
it his constant practice to go to church, and could spend the day
in society with his family and friends, without shaking his arm
dering time by a constant round of giddy dissipation, if not of cri-
at a gaming-table, associating with jockies at Newmarket, or mur-
minal indulgence.”—Editor's Preface.
In 1828 was pub. Clarendon Papers; viz.: The Corre-
spondence of Henry Hyde, Earl of Clarendon, and of his
Brother, Lawrence Hyde, Earl of Rochester, with the Diary
of Lord Clarendon, 1687-90, and the Diary of Lord Ro-
chester; pub. for the greater part for the first time from
the original MSS., recently discovered by S. W. Singer,
F.S.A., Lon., 2 vols. 4to.
"One of the most important contributions which has in our day
been made to history."-Lon. Review.
"This Collection of Letters and Diaries is of great historical
value."-Lon. Athenæum.
So Southey declares Clarendon to have been "the wisest
and most upright of statesman ;" but Brodie, on the other
“A most valuable addition to our national records, and especially
hand, brands the Lord Chancellor as "a miserable syco-interesting to the History of Ireland."-Lon. Literary Gazelle.
phant and canting hypocrite." The remarks of Southey in a
letter to Henry Taylor, Dec.31,1825, are well worth quoting:
"For an Englishman there is no single historical work with
which it can be so necessary for him to be well and thoroughly ac-
quainted as with Clarendon. I feel at this time perfectly assured,
I feel at this time perfectly assured.
that if that book had been put into my hands in youth. it would
have preserved me from all the political errors which I have out
grown. It may be taken for granted that knows this book well.
The more he reads concerning the history of these times, the more
highly he will appreciate the wisdom and the integrity of Claren-
don."-Southey's Life and Correspondence.
"Clarendon—a lover of the constitution, of his country, a patrio-anonymously, and he left some tragedies in MS. He was
tic statesman-is always interesting, and continually provides killed in France, in 1753, by a fall from his horse.
materials for the statesman and philosopher."-PROFESSOR Smyth, Clarendon, R. V. A Sketch of the Revenue and
of Cambridge.
Finances of Ireland, Lon., 1791, 4to.
HENRY HYDE, LORD HYDE and CORNBURY, the eldest
son of this nobleman, pub. a Comedy called The Mistakes,
or The Happy Resentment, printed in 1758, at Strawberry
Hill, with a preface, said to be written by Lord Orford;
but this imputed authorship has been questioned. He wrote
A Letter to the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford, 1751, and A
Letter to David Mallet on the intended Publication of Lord
Bolingbroke's MSS.; see Hawkesworth's edition of Swift's
Works. A few pamphlets of his composition were pub.
6
"A clear and elaborate view of the finances of the sister islaud.”
-LOWNDES.
Clarendon, Thomas. Treatise on the Foot of the
Horse, Dubl., 1847, 12mo.
Claridge, John. The Shepherd of Banbury's Rules
to know of the Change of the Weather, Lon., 1744, Svo;
per-reprinted, 1827, Svo.
reprinted, 1827, Svo. This little work, once very popular,
has been attributed to John Campbell, LL.D.
Claridge, John. Agricult. of Dorset, Lon., 1793, 4to.
"It seems judiciously performed.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Claridge, Richard, 1649–1723, an eminent Quaker
writer, b. in Warwickshire; entered of Baliol Coll., Oxf.,
1666; Rector of Peopleton, Worcester, 1673; joined the Bap-
tists, 1691; joined the Quakers about 1697, and became a
minister in this society. Serms., 1689, '91. Answer to Richard
Allen, 1697, 4to. Mercy Covering the Judgment-Seat, &c.,
1700, 4to. IIis Case and Trial, 1710, 4to. The Novelty
and Nullity of Dissatisfaction, &c., 1714. Lux Evangelica
Attestata. Melius Inquirendum Tractatus Hierographicus.
Life and Posthumous Works, by Joseph Besse, 1720, 8vo.
366
CLA
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Claridge, Capt. R. T. Guide along the Danube to
Constantinople, 2d ed., Lon., 1839, 12mo. Hydropathy;
two Treatises, 1844 and 1849, 8vo.
"We should deem ourselves negligent of our duty did we not
Invite public attention to the subject."-Lom. Times.
Clark. Almanack for 1634, Camb., 12mo.
Clark, Bracy. Veterinary treatises, 1809, &c.
Clark, Charles. A Summary of Colonial Law, &c.,
Lon., 1834, 8vo. Commenced by Serg't Stephen, who, for
want of time, relinquished the labour to Mr. C.
"A compendious and useful work, which, however, would re-
quire to be occasionally republished."MCCULLOCH: Lit. of Polit.
Econimy.
C. Clark and W. Finnelly; Reports of Cases in House
of Lords, 1831-45, Lon., 1835-45, 11 vols. 8vo.
Clark, Chas. John Noakes and Mary Styles; a Poem,
exhibiting lingual localisms of Essex, 12mo, Lon., 1838,
"A very clever and amusing piece of local description."-
Archæologist.
"Exhibits the dialect of Essex perfectly.”—Lon. Eclectic Rev.
Clark, D. W., D.D., b. 1812, Mount Desert Island,
Maine, first became known by his contributions to Method-
ist Quarterly Review. He'is the author of several works,
among which are: 1. Treatise on Mental Discipline. 2.
Death-Bed Scenes. 3. Life and Times of Bishop Hedding.
This work comprises much of the early history of the
Methodist Church, and was extensively and favourably re-
viewed by the N. Amer. Rev. and other leading Quarterlies
of America and England. It is one of the standard pub-1832,
lications of the "Methodist Book Concern."
In 1852 Dr.
Clark was elected editor of the books and journals pub. by
the "Western Book Concern" of the Meth. Church.
Clark, Emily. Novels, Lon., 1798, 1800, '05.
Clark, Ewan. 1. Poems. 2. Rustics, 1775, 1805, Svo.
Clark, George. Legal compilations, Lon., 1777–1803.
Clark, Rev. George H., an Episcopal minister, born
at Newburyport, Mass. The Difficulties and Importance
of the Ministerial Work,
Clark, Gilbert. Oughtredus explicatus, Lon., 1682,
8vo. Spot-Diall, 1687, 4to. Tractatus duo de Fide Nicena,
&c., contra G. Bullum, 1695, Svo.
Clark, Henry. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1655-57, 4to.
Clark, Hugh. Introduction to Heraldry, Lon., 1776,
12mo; 14th edit., 1845, 12mo.
"One of the best manuals ever published, containing every
thing necessary to a thorough knowledge of the art."-Lower's
Curiosities of Heraldry.
"I do not think I can offer better assistance than will be found in
Clark's Introduction, &c."-Montague's Guide to Study of Heraldry.
A Concise Hist. of Knighthood, 1784, 2 vols. Svo.
Clark, J. Paterson, Dentist Extraordinary to his
R. H. Prince Albert. System of treating the Teeth, Lon.,
8vo. Treatise on Tecth, &c., 12mo, 1839. Teething and
Management, Svo, 1839. The Odontalgist, 1854, p. Svo.
“There are many parts of this book which deserve the notice of
the profession."-Lon. Medical Times and Gazette.
Clark, J. V. H. Onondaga, 1849, 2 vols. Svo. Lights
and Shadows of Indian Character, and Scenes of Pioneer
Life, Syracuse, 1854, 12mo.
Clark, James. Sermon, Edin., 1704.
Clark, James. Veterinary treatises, 1770. 'SS.
Clark, James, M.D. Profess. treatises, 1788-97.
Clark, Sir James, Bart., Physician-in-Ordinary to
the Queen; b. 1788, at Cullen, Banffshire. Sanative Infu-
ence of Climate, 1829; 4th ed., 1846, Svo.
"An indispensable companion to every invalid who seeks restora-
tion of health or prolongation of life beneath a milder sky than
that which lowers over his native land.”—Lon, Med-Chir. Rev.
Treatise on Pulmonary Consumption and Scrofula, 1835,
6vo.
Clark, John. Caledonian Bards, trans. from the
Gaelic, 1778, Svo. Poems of Ossian, 1781, Svo. General
View of the Agriculture of Brecknock county; of Radnor;
of Hereford; all 1794, 4to.
"The three county reports are managed in a superior style."
Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Nature and Value of Leased Property, 1808, Svo.
Clark, John. Sermons, Lon., Sro.
Clark, John, M.D., 1609–1676, came from London to
Rhode Island. Ill News from New England; or, A Narra-
tive of New England's Persecution, Lon., 1652, 4to, etc.
|
Clark, John. Tamerlane, Lon., 1653, 4to.
Clark, John. Sermons, 1716, 4to.
Clark, John, d. 1734. Education of Youth, Lon,
1720, 8vo. On Study, 1731, 8vo. Making of Latin, 1742,
12mo. Other works. He edited several Latin authors.
Clark, John.
See CLARKE.
Clark, Sir John. See Clerk.
Clark, John A., D.D., 1801-1843, an Episcopal
clergyman, eminent for piety and zealous discharge of his
professional duties, at the time of his death Rector of St.
Andrew's Church, Philadelphia, pub. a nur.ber of theological
Sleeper! 3d edit., New York, 12mo. Gathered Fragments,
works, which attained considerable popularity. Awake, Thou
5th ed., N. Y., 12mo. The Young Disciple, 6th ed., N. Y.,
The Pastor's Testimony, 6th ed., N. Y., 12mo.
Gleanings by the Way, Phila., 12mo. A Walk about Ziou,
9th ed., N. Y. Glimpses of the Old World, Phila., 4th ed.,
with a Memoir of the Author by S. H. Tyng, D.D., Lon.,
1847, 2 vols., p. 8vo.
12mo.
Clark, John, M.D., 1744–1805, a Scotch physician,
pub. a work on Contagious Fevers, Newenst., 1802, 12mo,
and several other profess. works, 1777-1801.
Clark, John. Penman's Diversion, 4to.
"Dr. Clark has for some time been known to the religious public
as one of the most judicious and excellent writers of the day. His
works are all characterized by good thoughts, well expressed in a
graceful and appropriate manner. by great seriousness and unction,
and an earnest desire to promote the spiritual interests of his
fellow-men."
Clark, Jonas, of Lexington, Mass., 1730-1805. Ser-
mons, 1766, '68, '81. See Everett's Orations, i. 536.
Clark, Joshua. Sermons, 1691, '98, 4to.
Clark, Kennedy. Poems, 1804, 12mo.
Clark, Lewis Gaylord, twin-brother of WILLIS GAY-
Lord Clark, (post,) has obtained great popularity in his
capacity of editor of the New York Knickerbocker Maga-
by C. F. Hoffinan, who was succeeded in the editor
zine. This excellent periodical was started in December.
helm in 1834, and still (in 1858) maintains a post the duties
ship in 1833, by Timothy Flint. Mr. Clark assumed the
of which few could discharge so well. So long as he offers
the tempting display of an "Editor's Table" furnished
with so great a profusion of good things, he may reasonably
expect an abundant supply of delighted guests. It is no
to his heart's content, without diminishing the quantity.
small recommendation of such fare, that each may partake
or injuring the quality, of the common stock; and Mr.
large, a portion of the viands which have for so many
Clark has kindly offered for the benefit of the public at
years tickled the literary palates of the readers of the
New York, 1853, 12mo.
Knickerbocker :-Knick-Knacks from an Editor's Table,
"We know of no collection of American humour similar to it;
certainly none that contains such a variety of original and racy
matter."-Putnam's Magazine, January, 1853.
Clark, M. Sermon, Lon., 1718, Svo.
Clark, Margaret. Confession of, Lon.. 16SS, 4to.
Clark, N. Way of Truth, Lon., 1717, '18, 2 vols. 8vo.
Clark, Peter, of Danvers, Mass., d. 1768, aged 75.
Sermons, &c., 1728-63.
Clark, R. Vermiculars destroyed; with an Historical
Account of Worms. Lon., 1690–93, 4to.
Clark, Richard. Favourite Pieces, performed at the
Glee and Catch Clubs, &c., 1814, Svo.
Wonderful Lies, Lon., 1660, 4to.
Clark, Robert. The Lying Wonders, or rather the
Clark, Robert. The office of a Sheriff in Scotland,
1824, Sro.
Clark, Rev. Rufus W., a Presbyterian minister, b.
1813, at Newburyport, Mass. Heaven and its Scriptural
Emblems. Memoir of Rev. John E. Emerson. Lectures
to Young Men. Review of Prof. Stuart on Slavery. Ro-
manism in America. Life Scenes of the Messiah. Also,
Pamphlets, Sermons, &c., and contributions to various
journals.
Clark, S. Description of the World, 1689, 12mo.
Clark, Samuel. Laws of Chance, &c., 1758-77.
Clark, Samuel. Theory and P. of Mechanics, 176%,
'64, 4to.
Clark, Rev. Samuel A., an Episcopal minister, b.
at Newburyport, Mass. Memoir of the Rev. Albert W.
Duy, prefixed to a vol. of Mr. Duy's sermons, Phila., 1846,
r. Svo, and pub. separately by the American S. S. Union.
Hist. of St. John's Church, Elizabethtown, N.J., 1703-1857,
Phila., 1857, 12mo. See MURRAY, NICHOLAS, DD., No. 1.
Clark, Stephen W., b. in N. Y.; grad. Amherst Coll.,
1837. Analysis of the English Language. Practical Gram-
mar. Etymological Chart.
"This chart presents at one view the entire etymology of the
English language."
Clark, T. Perpetuation or Extinction of the Ecclesi-
astical Jurisdiction in Temporal Concerns, Lon., 1840, Svo.
Clark, Thomas. Nature, &c.of Fever, Edin., 1801,8vo.
Clark, Thomas. Long-Shore Pilot, Lon., 1810, Svc.
Clark, Thomas. System of Arithmetic, 1812, 8vo.
Clark, Thomas. Hist. of Intolerance, Lon., Svo.
"An upright advocate of truth, without partiality and without
prejudice.”—Lon. Eclectic Review.
347
CLA
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Clark, Thomas M., D.D., Bishop of the P.E. Church
in the State of Rhode Island, b. in Newburyport, Mass.
Lectures on the Formation of Character, Hartford, 1852,
12mo. Purity a Source of Strength. The Efficient Sun-
day-School Teacher. An Efficient Ministry. Early Disci-
pline and Culture, Prov., 1855, 12mo. Other publications.
Clark, W. Hist. of England; ed., with Addits. and Ques-
tions, by Prof. J. C. Moffat, of Princeton Coll.. Cin., 1851.
Clark, W. B. Asleep in Jesus, Phila., 18mo.
Clark, Wilfred. Serms., Lon., 1754, '97, 4to.
Clark, William. The Grand Tryal; or, Poetical
Excercitations upon the Book of Job, Edin., 1685, fol.
"A very liberal and respectably-executed paraphrastic version:
the common English translation is given on the margin."―ORME.
Clark, William. The Restless Ghost; or, Wonder-
ful News from Northamptonshire and Southwark, 4to.
Clark, William. 1. Tythes. 2. Relief of the Poor,
1:15, Svo.
of consulting 8 small volumes, are sufficient to repel anght
save the most determined bibliographical zeal. It includes
the whole of the 4th ed. of Harwood's View of the Classics.
100 copies of the Dissertation on Polyglot Bibles was pub.
separately, 1823. Baxter's Christian Directory Abridged,
1804, 2 vols. 8vo. A new edit. of Claude Fleury's Hist. of
the Ancient Israelites, [trans. into English by Farneworth,
Lon., 1756, Svo,] 1805, 12mo. Respecting this valuable
work see Bishop Horne's Discourse, vol. i. The Eucharist,
180S, Svo. The Succession of Sacred Literature, 1807,
12mo and Svo; 1821, 12mo; new edit., 1831, 2 vols. 8vo;
vol. 2d, by Rev. J. B. B. Clarke. This valuable catena ex-
tends from Moses, B.c. 1451, to Thomas Wicke, A.D. 1299.
No bibliographer should be without it.
"The whole contains much important informatiou relative to
biblical and ecclesiastical literature."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Clark, Zachary. Charities in Norfolk, 1812.
Clarke's British Gazetteer, Political, Commercial, Ec-
clesiastical, and Historical, 1852, 3 vols. imp. Svo.
Clarke, Adam, LL.D., 1782-1832, a native of Ma-
gherafelt, near Londonderry, Ireland, was recommended to
the notice of the excellent John Wesley, and by his influence
placed at the Kingswood School near Bristol. The pur-
chase of a Hebrew Grammar led him to cultivate an ac-
quaintance with Oriental literature, in which he attained
considerable proficiency. When 19 he became an itinerant
preacher, and was thus employed for 26 years. In 1805
he settled in London, where he assiduously devoted him
self to a work which engaged his attention more or less for
a large portion of his life-the Commentary on the Bible.
In 1815 he retired to an estate at Millbrook, in Lancashire,
purchased for him by some generous friends. In 1826 he
visited the Shetland Isles, to ascertain the condition of the
Methodist Mission, established by the conference, at his
suggestion, in 1822. In 1823 he returned to London, but
finding his health impaired, removed to the parish of Rus-
lip, in Middlesex, where he remained until his death in
1832. Dr. Clarke was eminent for industry, piety, and zeal.
His Commentary on the Scriptures will carry his name to
the remotest generation. Dissertation on the Use and
Abuse of Tobacco, Lon., 1797, Svo. A Bibliographical
Dictionary, Liverp. and Manchest., 1802, '04, 6 vols. 12mo;
Supplement, Lon., 1806, 2 vols. 12mo. This work is not
entirely without merit, although frequently inaccurate, but
the miserable paper on which it is printed, and the trouble
A new ed. of Shuckford's Connexion. 1803, 4 vols. 8vo.
Illness and Death of Richard Porson. Sturm's Reflections
on the Works of God and his Providence, trans. from the Ger-
man, 2 vols. 8vo; 4 vols. 12mo; 3 vols. 12mo; 2 vols. 12mo.
"Ray, Derham, and Sturm, make Science the handmaid to Reli-
gion, by interspersing serious and devotional reflections with
scientific information."
Clark, William George, M.A. Gazpacho; or, Sum-
mer Months in Spain, Oxford, 1850, 8vo. Peloponnesus:
Notes of Study and Travel, Svo.
"For archæological illustrations relating to Mycenae, Mantinea,
and Olympia, the Styx, the site of the battle-field of Mantinea,
botanical notes upon the banks of the Ladon and the Eurotas, the
flowers of asphodel, the brackens, the pools fringed with lashes of
fern, which the modern Greeks call poetically black eyes,' we have
much pleasure in referring the reader to this scholar-like volume,
full of beauty with simplicity.""-Lon. Athen., No. 1601, July 3,1858.
Clark, William H. Water Colours, Lon., 1807, fol.
Water Colours, Lon., 1807, fol.
Clark, Willis Gaylord,1810-1841, a native of Otisco,
New York, proprietor and editor of the venerable Phila-plete
delphia Gazette, gained great distinction in the walks of
both poetry and prose. As specimens of the former, we
need only select from the many pieces the "Song of May,"
"Memory," and "A Lament." His facility and excellence
in prose composition will be seen by reference to Ollapo-
diana, (New York, 1844. Svo,) a series of papers contri-
buted to the New York Knickerbocker Magazine, of which
his brother, LEWIS GAYLORD CLARK, was, and still is, editor.
His Poems, also, have been pub. in a collective form. See
Griswold's Poets and Poetry, also his Prose Writers of
America; Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
C
The literary world in general, and biblical students in particu-
lar, are greatly indebted to Dr. Clarke for the light he has thrown
on many very difficult passages."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
"These three numbers of Mr. Clark's writings contain a series
of essays and sketches. under the rather fantastic title of Ollapo-
diana,' which were originally published in the Knickerbocker.
They are written in a free and flowing style, merry and sad by
turns, now in the sunshine and now in the shade, but always with
an undercurrent of deep feeling, in which there are no impurities.
Occasionally poems, sometimes original and at others selected, are
introduced, showing the taste and graceful power of the author,
and the habitual tendency of his mind toward the beautiful. In-
deed, we think Mr. Clark a better poet than prose writer. The
whole tune of his mind is highly poetical, and his thoughts con-
tinually flow into rhythm, if not into rhyme. . . . All Mr. Clark's "There is much valuable matter in it. Light is sometimes thrown
friends (and few men have had more or warmer ones) will welcome
on difficult passages: but he is too fond of innovations, and justi-
this volume, as a mirror of his mind, of his quaintness, his hu-fying generally condemned characters, and has both eccentric and
mour, his pathos, his easy, careless manner, his disregard of con- exceptionable passages: yet he often makes good practical remarks.”
ventionalities, and, above all, of his gentle, humane, and generous -BICKERSTETH: Christian Student.
heart."-N. Amer. Rev., lix. 239: The Literary Remains of the
late Willis Gaylord Clark, Nos. 1, 2, and 3, New York, 1844, Švo,
“A wonderful monument of the author's erudition and perse
verance. . . . Dr. Adam Clarke has done more to promote the popular
study of the sacred books in England than any other man what-
ever; and at the same time he has carefully applied them to the
advancement of personal godliness."-DR. E. WILLIAMS: Christian
Preacher.
Clark, William Tierney, 1783-1852; a distinguished
civil engineer. Account of Suspension Bridge across the
Danube, r. 8vo.
See ANDREWS, ELIZA. The Holy Bible, with a Com-
mentary and Critical Notes, Lon., 1810-26, S vols. 4to;
improved ed., 1833, '34, 4to; also in royal Svo; new ed. in
60 parts, 28. each, or 6 vols. imp. Svo, 1851.
"Now, my dear Everett, tell Mr. Tegg it will not be to him a
second-hand edition, for the multitudinous emendations and co
rections from the author's own and last hand will give him a cem-
new copyright.
A. CLARKE.”
A Supplementary volume, entitled The Biblical Com-
panion, by another hand. Dr. Clarke culled his materials
from more than two thousand books in various languages.
"It is assuredly a wonderful performance, carried on as it was,
fulness-of care and distraction; and carried on too by an unaided
in the midst of journeyings and privations-of weariness and pain-
and single-handed man; for he himself affirms that he had no
mortal to afford him the smallest assistance."-Lowndes.
"It displays much learning and vast reading. It dwells fre-
quently on minute points of comparatively small importance, and
touches some other points very lightly. . . . The doctrines of Armi-
nius appear in it. but are not offensively urged; and those who
cannot afford to purchase many books, will find in the stores of
Dr. Clarke's Commentary valuable assistance for the understanding
of the Bible.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Harmer's Observations, with his Life; 5th and best ed.,
Clavis Biblica, or a
1816, 4 vols. Svo, by Dr. A. Clarke.
Compendium of Biblical Knowledge, 1820, Svo. Memoirs
of the Wesley Family, Svo.
"To those who have read the Memoir of the Wesley Family no
recommendation of ours will enhance its value. To those, on the
contrary, who have that pleasure in reserve, we can promise an
exquisite treat."-Lon. Watchman.
Dr. Clarke, assisted by his eldest son, J. W. Clarke, and
Mr. Holbrooke, laboured for some time in the preparation
of a new edit. of Rymer's Foedera. Vol. i. and the 1st
part of vol. ii. (pub. 1818) bear his name. He did not con-
tinue his labours on this undertaking. The Gospels Har-
monized. Arranged by Samuel Dunn, 1836, Svo. His Mis-
cellaneous Works were pub. in 13 vols. 12mo, 1836, &c.
<.
Dr. Clarke's Miscellaneous Works are worthy of a place in every
theological library. The four volumes of Sermons which they con-
tain are very valuable. They are argumentative. evangelical, and
impressive. All that Dr. Clarke wrote bears evident marks of re-
search and of strong sense."-DR. E. WILLIAMS: Christian Preacher.
Memoirs, ed. by J. B. B. Clarke, 1832, 3 vols. Svo. See a
review of this work by Southey, in the Quar. Rev., li. 117.
Clarke, Alexander. Theolog. treatises, 1763, '79.
Clarke, Alured, 1690–1742, Fellow of Corpus Christi
College, Cambridge, 1718; Prebendary of Exeter, 1731;
Dean of Exeter, 1740. Serms., 1726, '31, '37, '41. Cha-
racter of Queen Caroline, 1738, Svo.
"He is said to have spent the whole surplus of his annual income
in works of hospitality and charity.”
Clarke, Andrew. A Tour in France, Italy, and Swit-
zerland in 1840 and 1841, Lon., 1843, p. Svo.
"The author's description of manners or localities is always ac-
ceptable: he never tells more than the reader wishes to know."-
Elin. Evening Courant.
Clarke, Anne. Literary Patchwork; or a Collection
of Prose and Verse, 1813, Svo.
288
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Clarke, Anthony. Public Accounts, 1782, 4to.
Clarke, Sir Arthur. Essay on Bathing, Lon., 12mo.
This work will be found to contain more useful instruction,
and more valuable practical remarks than any that has appeared
on the subject."-Lon. Gazelle of Health.
(.
Diseases of the Skin, 12mo. Use of Iodine, &c., 12mo.
Manual for Preservation of Health, 12mo. Mother's Medi-
cal Assistant, 12mo.
Clarke, C. L. Chancery Cases, Rochest., 1841, 8vo.
Clarke, Charles. Antiquarian treatises, 1751-94.
Clarke, Charles. Treatise on Gypsum, 1792, 8vo.
"With an account of its extraordinary effects as a manure;
cheap; and more productive to vegetation than any hitherto made
Hundred Wonders, 1818, 12mo.
Discases of Females, 1814,
use of."
Clarke, Charles C.
Clarke, Charles M.
8vo.
Clarke, Cuthbert. 1. The True Theory and Prac-
tice of Husbandry, deduced from Philosophical Researches
and Experience, Lon., 1775, 4to. 2. Weights and Mea-
sures, Edin., 1789, 4to. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
For other treatises on Weights and Measures, see
ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY: ALEXANDER, JOHN HENRY, &c.
Clarke, Edward, 1730-1786, educated at St. John's
College, Cambridge, Rector of Pepperharrow, Surrey, 1758;
Chaplain to the Embassy at Madrid, 1760. Letters con-
cerning the Spanish Nation, Lon., 1765, 4to. They treat
of antiquities and Spanish literature. In the Appendix
will be found a catalogue of the MSS. in the Library of
the Escurial. A Defence of General Johnstone, 1767. A
Letter, 1765. Serm., 1759, 4to. Proposals for a folio ed.
of the Greek Testament.
The Colossal Statue of Ceres at Cambridge, 1803, Svo.
The Tomb of Alexander in the British Museum, Camb.,
1805, 4to; repub., Lon., 1806, Svo.
(.
Dr. Clarke and his friends have taken no ordinary pains to
prove the curious chest which is now in the British Museum, to be
the actual depository of the Macedonian Hero: and they have
brought together a body of materials which certainly does credit
to their learning."-Lon. Annual Review.
The Mineral Kingdom, Lon., 1806, fol. Letter to the
Gentlemen of the British Museum, 1807, 4to. The Greek
Marbles at Cambridge, Camb., 1809, Svo. Letter to Her-
bert Marsh, D.D., Lon., 1812, Svo. Chemical Con. to
Ann. Philos., 1816, '17. In 1798, in company with a pupil,
Mr. Cripps, he made the extensive tour, the description
of which has conferred so much just celebrity on Dr.
Clarke's name. Their absence, which it was intended
should not exceed six months, was prolonged to three
years and a half. The travellers visited Denmark,
Sweden, Lapland, Finland, Russia, Tartary, Circassia,
Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and Greece; return-
ing home from Constantinople, across the Balkan moun-
tains, through Germany and France. The medals, mine-
rals, plants, and MSS., collected during this tour, were
sold to the Bodleian Library. Dr. Clarke's Travels in
Europe, Asia, and Africa, &c., were published: Vol. i.,
1810; ii., 1812; iii., 1814; iv., 1816; v., 1819; vi., (posth.)
1823, 4to; also in 11 vols. 8vo, 1816-24. These charming
and instructive volumes not only claim a place in the first
rank of travels by Englishmen, but the first place in the
first rank. We shall adduce some valuable testimonies to
their merits:
won't allow gentlemen to settle quietly at home. I will not wish
you success and fame, for you have both; but all the happiness
which even these cannot always give.”—Leller from Lord Byron lo
Dr. Clarke.
"You have seen and described more of the East than any of
your predecessors.-I need not say how ably and successfully.
Will you accept my very sincere congratulations on your second
volume, wherein I have retraced some of my old paths, adorned
by you so beautifully, that they afford me double delight? How
much you have traversed! I must resume my seven-leagued
boots and journey to Palestine, which your description mortifies
me not to have seen more than ever. I still sigh for the Egean.
Shall you not always love its bluest of all wares and brightest of
all skies? You have awakened all the gipsy in me. I long to be
restles again and wandering: see what mischief you do; you
"We willingly pass over a host of minor, and even respectable,
travellers to journey in company with Dr. Clarke. whose strong
powers of observation, and eloquent and animated pictures, both
of art and nature, have raised him to so high a rank, among
modern travellers. His profound skill in antiquities peculiarly
qualified him for exploring the regions he principally traversed."
-Murray's History of Discoveries.
Clarke, Edward Daniel, LL.D., 1769–1822, one of
the most distinguished of modern travellers, second son of
the preceding, entered Jesus College, Cambridge, in 1786;
in 1805 he received the College living of Harlton, and sub-ledge
sequently the living of Yeldham. In 1807 his Lectures on
Mineralogy, delivered at Cambridge, excited much atten-
tion, and in the following year the University established
a Professorship of this science in favour of Dr. Clarke.
In 1790 he travelled with a pupil, a nephew of the Duke
of Dorset, through parts of Great Britain and Ireland.
He pub. an account of this tour in 1793, Svo. This volume
is now rare; many copies having been bought up by the
author, who regretted its publication.
"It is throughout natural, eloquent, characteristic of youthful
ardour and spirit. and strongly indicative of feelings which do
honour to the goodness and humanity of his heart." See Otter's
Life of Clarke.
"There is no department of inquiry or observation to which
Dr. C. did not direct his attention during his travel: in all he
gives much information in a pleasant style; and to all he evidently
brought much judgment, talent, and preparatory knowledge."-
Stevenson's Discovery, Navigation, and Commerce.
"The splendour and celebrity of all travels performed by Eng
lishmen have been exceeded by those of the late and deeply la-
mented Dr. Edward Clarke. Few travellers have attained so large
and so general a reputation. Ilis style is easy and perspicuous:
his facts are striking, interesting, and instructive: his matter,
while it is highly to the best interests of science, displays the keen
and penetrating observation. the hardy enterprise, and the invin-
cible perseverance of the author. That Dr. Clarke will live, in the
purest sense of the word, cannot be doubted for an instant: his
name will be held in more than ordinary estimation by a grateful
posterity. Upon the whole, if Humboldt be the first, Clarke is
the second, traveller of his age.”—Dr. Dibdin's Library Companim.
"Few travellers can be compared with Dr. Clarke, whether we
consider the number of countries which he visited, the extent and
variety of his researches, or the diligence and success with which
he applied himself to collect materials, illustrations of natural
philosophy, antiquities, and the fine arts."-Museum Criticum,
Cumbridge.
"He has a power of selecting objects, and raciness in describing
them, almost unparalleled. Few men have seen so much as this
lively and interesting traveller, and still fewer have so well de-
scribed what they have seen."-Lon. Quarterly Review.
"On all the topics which interest a traveller, Dr. Clarke's infor-
mation is important and extensive; and we accordingly find in
these volumes a vast body of matter exceedingly valuable for rec-
tifying the errors of other writers, and for increasing our know-
of countries aspiring to the first rank among European ca-
tions."-Edin. Review.
"No man has surveyed the world with the advantages of more
various learning. or has communicated to the public the results of
his remarks on mankind. in a style more distinguished for clear-
ness, elegance, and facility, than the learned and intelligent author
of these matcbless volumes."-Lon. Eclectic Review.
The accomplished and famed traveller of Cambridge. He is a
most favourable specimen of English travellers, and does honour
to the great University of which he was such a distinguished or-
nament.”—Blackwood's Magazine.
Let no fireside circle complain of "dull winter even-
ings" until they have exhausted the volumes which con-
tain Dr. Clarke's fascinating descriptions of his peregri-
nations. The 4to ed., pub. at £27 28., can now be had for
£6 to £S; and the Svo ed., pub. at £10, for about three
guineas. Let there be added the Life and Remains of
Dr. Clarke, by his friend, Mr. Otter, Lon., 1824, 4to.
Clarke, Edward Goodman, M.D. The Modern
Practice of Physic, Lon., 1805, Svo.
"This volume may be recommended to the student as contain-
ing the best compendium of modern improvement in medicine.
and therapeutics which we have had occasion to peruse."-Lon.
Critical Review.
"We earnestly recommend this work as deserving of the atten-
tion, particularly, of the junior branches of the profession : as it
is written in an able and scientific manner.”—Lon. Med. Journal,
The New London Practice of Physic; 7th ed., Lon.,
1811, Svo. Other profess. treatises, 1799, 1810.
Clarke, Edmund William. Serms., Lon., 1835, Svo.
Clarke, Francis. See CLERKE.
Clarke, Francis F. Serms., Lon., 1839, Svo.
Clarke, Francis L. 1. Geography. 2. Wellington,
1810, '12.
Clarke, Geo. The Landed Man's Assist., 1715, 12mo.
Clarke, George. Theolog. treatises, 1789,1806,12mo.
Clarke, George Somers, D.D. Trans. of Edipus,
Lon., 1791, Svo. Verses, 1793, 4to. Serms., 1808. He
brew Criticism and Poetry, 1810, Svo.
Clarke, H. J. Two Serms., Lon., 1851, Svo.
Clarke, Henry, 1745-1818, a mathematician, Profes.
R. Military Coll. at Marlow. The Summation of Series
trans. from the Latin, Lon., 1780, 4to. Practical Perspect
ive, 1776. Virgil Revindicated, being a reply to Bishop
Horsley, 1809, 4to. Other publications.
Clarke, Henry. Angels, a Poem, Lon., 1848, 12mo.
Poems on the Church, &c., Lon., 1842, 12mo.
،.
They fully merit the commendation which we remember to
have seen bestowed by the British Critic on a previous volume."-
Englishman's Mog.; and see Christian Remembrancer.
Clarke, Hewson. Saunterer, 1806, 2 vols. 12mo.
Art of Pleasing, 1807, Svo. Campaign in Russia, 1813, Svo.
Clarke, Hyde, has pub. several works, and contri-
buted the Statistical Information to 1850, in Porter and
Long's Geography of England and Wales.
389
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"We cannot speak too highly of the statistical portion, which
contains a complete view, in a condensed form, of the whole body
of statistics relating to England and Wales, brought down to the
}:esent time.”—Civil Engineer's Journal.
Clarke, John, Lieut. of Marines. Military Institu-
tions of Vegetius; trans. from the Latin, Lon., 1767, 8vo.
See PORTER, G. R.
Clarke, J., M.D. Seder Olam; or the Order of Ages. An impartial and authentic Narrative of the Battle of
From the Latin, Lon., 1696, Svo.
Bunker's Hill, Lon., 1775, 8vo.
Clarke, J. Clerk's Assistant, Lon., 1783, 12mo.
Clarke, J. B. B., son of Dr. Adam Clarke. Concise
View of the Succession of Sacred Literature, vol. ii., Lon.,
1832, Svo. Memoirs of Adam Clarke, &c.: see ADAM
('LARKE. Serms., 1833, Svo.
They evince an earnestness of appeal, grounded upon solid
argument, and urged with considerable animation."-Lon. Chris-
tian Remembrancer.
Clarke, J. H. Effects of Landscape Scenery, 1812:
pub. at £5 58.
Clarke, J. W. See CLARke, ADAM.
Clarke, James. Topograph. works, 1787, '93.
Clarke, James. Publications on Politics, Political
Economy, and Religion, 1809, '11.
Clarke, James Edward. Dissert. on the Dragon,
Beast, and False Prophet of the Apocalypse, Lon.,1814,8vo.
"We cannot agree with the author in many of his explanations:
yet we have read his work with some degree of satisfaction, and
think he has succeeded in throwing additional light on some of
the obscure subjects which he undertakes to illustrate."-Lon.
Eclectic Review.
Clarke, James Freeman, a native of Boston, Mass.,
a minister of the gospel, formerly editor of The Western
Messenger, pub. in 1846 a Poem delivered before the Phi
Beta Kappa Society. See some of his minor poems in
Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America.
Clarke, James Stanier, d. 1834, brother of Dr.
Edward Daniel Clarke, the celebrated traveller, was Do-
mestic Chaplain and Librarian to George IV., Vicar of
Preston, Rector of Coombs, and Canon of Windsor.
Naval Serms., Lon., 1798, 8vo. The Progress of Maritime
Discovery, vol. i.; all pub. 1803, 4to. This work was left
incomplete, but it is well worth purchasing were it only
for its analytical Catalogue of Voyages and Travels in all
languages. An ed. of Falconer's Shipwreck, 1804, 8vo.
Naufragia, 1805, 2 vols. 12mo. In conjunction with Dr.
McArthur, The Life of Lord Nelson, 1809, 2 vols. 4to;
Abridgt., 1810, 8vo.
"Every Englishman ought to possess this interesting and im-
portant biography, forming a complete naval history of the last
half century."
Serm., 1811. An ed. of Lord Clarendon's Essays, 1815,
2 vols. 12mo. The Life of James II.: pub. from the ori-
ginal Stuart MSS., 1816, 2 vols. 4to.
From such a treasure as this Journal (James II.'s MSS.] it is a
matter to be lamented, and indeed deserving of extreme surprise,
that such a historian as Hume did no more than produce a single
extract."-Prof. Smyth's Lect. on Mod. Hist.
The Naval Chronicle originated with Mr. Clarke.
Clarke, Jeremiah, d. 1707, a composer of Church
Music, &c. Some of his songs will be found in The Pills
to Purge Melancholy. He pub. Lessons for the Harpsi-
chord. "I will love thee," in the 2d book of the Harmonia
Sacra, "Bow down thine Ear," and "Praise the Lord, O
Jerusalem," are Clarke's compositions. To these must be
added "The Bonny grey-ey'd Morn," in the Beggar's
Opera. It was composed for D'Urfey's "Fond Husband."
Clarke, John. Trumpet of Apollo, Lon., 1602, 12mo.
Clarke, John, of Fiskerton. Transitionum Rhetori-
zarum Formulæ, Lon., 1628, 8vo.
Clarke, John. Holy Oyle for the Lampes of the
Sancturie, 1630, 4to.
For the use and benefit of such as desire to speake the lan-
guage of Canaan; more especially the sonnes of the Prophets, who
would attaine elegancie and sublimity of expressions."
1815. Med. Trans., 1815. Trans. Med. and Chir., 1793,
1800. Phil. Trans., 1793.
Serm., 1646, 4to. Treatise about the Comfort of God's
Children, 1670, 8vo.
Clarke, John. The Plotters Unmasked; or, Murder-
ers no Saints, 1661, 4to.
Clarke, John, 1650-1721. The Humours of Harle-
quin, a series of 12 plates.
Clarke, John, D.D., d. 1759, Dean of Sarum. Trans.
of Rohault's Physics, 2 vols. 8vo, into English. Notes in
Wollaston's Religion of Nature. Newton's Principles of
Nat. Philos., Lon., 1730, 8vo. Cause and Origin of Evil,
vol. i.; 8 serms. at Boyle's Lecture, 1719, '20, 8vo; vol. ii.;
8 serms. at Boyle's Lecture, 1720, 21, 8vo. Serm., 1732,
8vo. Trans. of Grotius on the Truth of the Christian
ligion, with Le Clerc's Notes; new ed., 1814, 8vo.
"An excellent manual; clear, forcible. and easy. So common
that almost everybody has it, and so excellent that nobody ought
to be without it.”—Bishop Watson.
Clarke, John. Medical treatises, Lon., 1751, '58, '93,
"Differs, in several respects, from the Gazette account. Time
will shew whether General Gage or Lieutenant Clarke will be ac
counted the better authority."—Lon. Monthly Review, liii. 265.
The collector of books upon American History should
procure Lieut. Clarke's Narrative.
Clarke, John. Serm., 1803, 4to.
Clarke, John. Illustrations of the Morning Service
of the Church of England, 1804, 12mo.
Clarke, John, D.D., 1755-1798, a minister of Boston,
Mass. Serms., &c., 1784-1804.
Clarke, John. Serms., &c., 180S, '12.
This excellent
Clarke, John. Bibliotheca Legum: Complete Cata-
logue of the Common and Statute Books of the United
Kingdom; new edit., 1819, Lon., 18mo.
catalogue-most elaborately arranged according to sub-
jects, yet rendered easy of consultation by a general in-
dex-should be in every public library and on every law-
yer's table.
yer's table. We refer below to several works of a similar
character. A comprehensive BIBLIOTHECA LEGUM is still
a desideratum. The profession will see that we have not
entirely neglected so important a subject.
See BRIDGMAN, RD. W.; BROOKE, EDWARD; HOFFMAN,
DAVID; MARVIN, J. G.; WORRALL, JOHN.
Clarke, John. An Inquiry into the nature and value
of Landed and Household Property, &c., Lon., 1808, 8vo.
We have no doubt that this work should be attributed to
John Clark, the author of the Caledonian Bards, &c. We
have, therefore, placed it under his name, also, and sup-
plied the above date.
Clarke, John. Sixteen Serms., Camb., 1829, 8vo.
Clarke, John L. A Rule how to bring up Children,
Lon., 1588, 8vo. This work is based upon the Bible; the
only competent "rule" for men, women, and children.
Clarke, Jos. Serm., Lon., 1691.
Clarke, Mary Cowden, an English lady, for some
years past resident at Nice, has distinguished herself for
all future time by the successful execution of one of the
happiest literary projects which over entered into the ima-
gination of man or woman. That laborious index-maker,
Samuel Ayscough, had pub. in 1790 a Copious Index to the
Remarkable Passages and Words made use of by Shaks-
peare; reprinted, Dublin, 1791, and Lon., 1827, Svo,
Francis Twiss also gave to the world in 1805-07, 2 vols
Svo, a Complete Verbal Index to the Plays of Shakspeare.
But these works, which had cost the authors such an outlay
of time and toil, were very incomplete, and perhaps more
frequently productive of headaches and new instances of
the "pursuit of knowledge under difficulties," than suc-
cessful explorations. Now, it occurred to Mrs. Clarke that
a Complete CONCORDANCE to the Dramatic Works of Shaks-
peare would be invaluable to the literary world, and would
enter into a companionship with the great bard as close
and enduring as that which subsists between Coke and
Re-this, we may be allowed to think it for her. To this mag-
Littleton. Or if Mrs. Clarke did not exactly think all
num opus, pub. in 1846, she devoted the untiring labour
of sixteen years, twelve in the preparation of the MS. and
four more in guiding it through the press. The length of
time employed will not seem extravagant, when we con-
Clarke, Joseph. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1746, '49.
Clarke, Joseph, M.D. Profess. con. to Med. Com.,
1790; Phil. Trans., 1786; Trans. Irish Acad., 1788.
Clarke, L. History of the Bible, 1737, 2 vols. 4to.
Clarke, L. Letter to Henry Brougham, 1818, Svo.
Clarke, M. A., M.D. Management of Children, from
the Time of Birth to the Age of Seven Years, Lon., 1773, 8vo.
Clarke, M'Donald, 1798-1842, known for many
years in N.Y. as The Mad Poet. We are indebted to Duyc-
kincks' Cyclopedia for the following list of his publications.
1. Review of The Eve of Eternity, and other Poems, 1820.
2. The Elixir of Moonshine; being a collection of Prose and
Poetry, by the Mad Poet, 1822. 3. The Gossip; or, A Laugh
with the Ladies, a Grin with the Gentlemen, &c., 1825.
4. Sketches, 1826. 5. Afara; or, The Belles of Broadway,
2 Series. 6. Poems, 1836. 7. A Cross and a Coronet, 1811.
Clarke, Mary Ann. The Rival Princes, 1810, 2 vols.
Svo. Letter to Rt. Hon. W. Fitzgerald, 1813, 8vo. Mrs.
Clarke received £10,000 and an annuity of £600 for sup-
pressing an edition of 10,000 copies of another work. See
Timperley's Encyclopædia of Literary and Typographical
Anecdote, Lon., 1839, r. Svo.
390
CLA
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sider that the 2578 columns which compose the work con-
tain about 309,000 lines, each one of which required, both
in MS. and print, a rigid scrutiny. How faithfully this
duty was discharged, may be judged from the fact, that
the table of errata contains but thirteen lines; all of which
are omissions merely as to errors, we have no evidence
of their existence. The reader will feel a great curiosity
to know the modus operandi adopted in such an Herculean
undertaking:
"We had been erroneously informed that each line of the Con-
cordance was written on a separate slip of paper, and put into
baskets alphabetically arranged. Had this been so, we opine it
would have required buck-baskets as large as that into which fat
Jack was so unceremoniously thrust, and a room to hold them as
capacious as St. George's IIall, in Windsor Castle. Far different
and more ingenious was the mode pursued.”—R. BALMANNO: see
A Testimonial to Mrs. Mary Cowden Clarke, New York, 1852, pri-
vately printed for subscribers only.
We trust that we shall not be blamed if we gratify a
Laudable curiosity, by an extract from a letter from Mrs.
Clarke to the author of this Dictionary, in which the grand
secret is disclosed:
6
"The method I pursued was this:-I had a wide-backed port-
folio for each letter of the Alphabet, (in some instances-as S, for
example-it required two portfolios.) I took a fresh sheet of paper
for each word I inscribed. I worked straight through two pages
of Shakespeare as they lay open before me, letter by letter, thus:
suppose the top line of the page was Angels are bright still,
though the brightest fell: I entered the word 'Angel' under its
proper head and all the succeeding words beginning with A through
the two pages; then fell,' and so on, till the whole of the two
pages were gone through; and then on to two more. At the end
of each play, I collected all the filled pages of the MS., that my
portfolio might be as little loaded as need be; but even with this
precaution, the bulk in use was very large. However, aitnough
However, although
the bulk may be increased by using a fresh sheet for each word,
yet I think the advantage of clearness thus obtained quite coun-
terbalances the inconvenience, &c.”—Dorchester Terrace, Bays-
water, March 25, 1852.
So admirably simple and ingenious was the path which
led the adventurer safely through this wilderness of words.
Every one who has a SHAKSPEARE-as "who hath not,
that hath" a book at all-should immediately procure Mrs.
Clarke's invaluable CONCORDANCE. Let the reader add to
this volume Mrs. Clarke's Girlhood of Shakspere's Hero-
ines; Shakspere Proverbs; Kit Bam's Adventures, and
The Iron Cousin, or Mutual Influence.
"Mrs. Cowden Clarke, whose Concordance of Shakspeare shows
such mastery of the letter of the poet's works, now evinces her
appreciation of their spirit in a series of fctious entitled The
Girllcod of Shakspeare's Heroines."-Dickens's Household Narra-
tives.
"It includes all the debates in the English House of Lords and
In the Commons. It is a documentary history such as never
before existed, when the greatest minds of the age were brought
into collision, and met to discuss the doctrines and the rights
which were effecting a change in the destiny of the race.”—North
American Review, April, 1838; q. r. See FORCE, PETER.
► •
World-Noted Woman; or, Types of Particular Womanly
Attributes of All Lands and Ages Illustrated, N.Y., 1858,
Svo. This elaborate volume was prepared by Mrs. Clarke
at the suggestion of the Messrs. Appleton, the well-known
of New York. Mrs. Clarke has also trans. from
the French Catel's Treatise on Harmony, and Cherubini's
Treatise on Counterpoint and Fugue.
Clarke, Matthew, 1664-1726, a Dissenting minister
in London. Serms., 1714, '21, '23, 27.
Clarke, Matthew St. Clair, and D. A. Hall. His
tory of the Bank of the United States, Washington, 1832,
Svo, pp. 80S. See North American Review, July, 1832.
Cases of Contested Elections in Congress, from 1789 to
1834, inclusive, Washington, 8vo. M. St. C. C. and Peter
Force; Documentary History of the American Revolution,
Washington, 1838, fol.; pp. 943. This vol, extends from
March 1, 1774, to May 2, 1775.
Clarke, Reuben. Serms., Lon., 1767, '95, 8vo.
Clarke, Richard, an English divine, was some time
Rector of St. Philip's Church, Charleston, S. Carolina. He
returned to England in 1759, and in 1768 was curate of
Cheshunt in Hertfordshire. Theolog. treatises, 1759-95.
Clarke, Richard, M.D. Plan for increasing Naval
Force of Great Britain, Lon., 1795, Svo. Medical Stric-
tures, 1799, Svo.
Clarke, Rev. Robert. Med. &c. con. to Phil. Trans.,
1697, 1748.
"He must have turned over a prodigious number of volumes to
accumulate such a mass of anecdote."
Clarke, Robert. Con. to Med. Tracts, 1795.
Clarke, Samuel, 1599–1682, a native of Worlston,
Warwickshire, educated at Emanuel College. Minister of
St. Bennet Fink, ejected, 1662, pub. several valuable theo-
logical works. The Saint's Nosegay, Lon., 1642, 12mo.
A Looking Glass for Saints and Sinners, and Lives of
Persons eminent for Piety, 1646, 12mo; 1672, fol.; vol.ii.,
1673, fol
Marrow of Ecclesiastical History, 1650, 2 vols. 4to; best
Lives of Sundry Eminent Persons in this
ed., 1675, fol.
Latter Age, 1683, fol.
"Various particulars of the lives of eminent men, not now to
be found elsewhere."-BICKERSTETH.
General Martyrology, 1651, fol.; the same, with the
Lives of 32 English Divines, 1652, fol.; with addits., 1677,
fol. The Marrow of Divinity, 1659, fol. New Descrip-
tion of the World, 1689, fol. Other works.
"The value of most of his lives is, that they are taken from
scarce volumes and tracts, which it would now be extremely diffi-
cult, as well as expensive, to procure."
Clarke, Samuel, 1623-1669, an eminent Oriental
scholar, a native of Brackley, Northamptonshire, entered
of Merton College,
of Merton College, Oxford, 1638, assisted Walton in his
Polyglot Bible. Variæ Lectiones et Observationes in
Chaldaicam Paraphrasim.-Polyg. Bibl., vol. vi. Scien-
tia Metrica et Rhythmica, Oxon., 1661, 8vo. Beracoth,
1667, 8vo. See a description of his works, printed and
in MS., in Athen. Oxon. Wood tells us that he was
"Right famous for Oriental learning."
Clarke, Samuel, 1626-1700-01,
of Samuel
Clarke the Martyrologist, was educated at Pembroke Hall,
Cambridge. The Old and New Testament, with Annota-
tions and Scriptural Passages, Lon., 1690, Svo; 1735, '60,
This commentary was the princi-
fol.; Glasg., 1765, fol.
pal employment of his life.
son
This work is recommended by Owen, Bates. Baxter. and Ilowe.
Except the parallel Scriptures, however, it does not appear to me
to possess great value, or to contain much original composition.
It is generally very judicious. and is recommended by the Bishop
of Chester.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"The selection of parallel texts is admirable; and the notes,
though very brief, are written with great judgment.”—Horne's
Bibl. Bib.
"The notes are very short, sometimes only a single sentence, but
generally excellent. Dr. Doddridge made it his commonplace
book.”—Bichersteth's Christian Student.
It is also highly recommended by Bishop Cleaver, Dr.
Calamy, and others.
"It has been an excellent fund for some modern commentators,
who have republished a great part of it. with very little alteration."
Abridgt. of the Hist. Part of the O. and N. Testaments,
1690, Svo. Survey of the Bible, 1693, 4to.
"A useful analysis of each chapter.”—Bickersteth's Chris. Student,
Serm.. 1693, 4to. Brief Concordance of the Holy Scrip-
tures, 1696, 12mo. A Discourse of Justification, 1698, 4to.
Clarke, Samuel, D.D., 1675-1729, one of the most
tive of Norwich, where his father, Edward Clarke, was an
celebrated of English philosophers and divines, was a na-
alderman. He entered Caius College, Cambridge, in 1691;
tive of where his Edward Clarke, was an
Chaplain to Dr. Moore, Bishop of Norwich, 1698, who gave
him the rectory of Drayton; Rector of St. Bennet's, Paul's
Wharf, London, 1706; Rector of St. James's, Westminster,
1709. When only twenty years of age he distinguished
himself by a successful effort to substitute the Newtonian
for the Cartesian philosophy, which still prevailed at Cam-
bridge. The physics of Robault, "a work entirely Car-
tesian," was the Cambridge text-book. The Latinity of
this work was very defective, and this fact gave Clarke an
opportunity to supplant its principles under the cloak of a
better translation, and supplementary notes.
"A new and more elegant translation was published by Dr.
[then Mr.] Samuel Clarke, with the addition of notes, in which
that profound and ingenious writer explained the views of Newton
on the principal subjects of discussion, so that the notes contained
virtually a refutation of the text: they did so, however, only vir-
tually; all appearance of argument and controversy being care
fully avoided. Whether this escaped the notice of the learned
doctors or not, is uncertain; but the new translation, from its
better Latinity,... was readily admitted to all the academical
honours which the old one had enjoyed. Thus the stratagem of
Dr. Clarke completely succeeded; the tutor might prelect from the
text, but the pupil would sometimes look into the notes; and
error is never so sure of being exposed as when the truth is placed
close to it, side by side, without any thing to alarm prejudice or
awaken from its lethargy the dread of innovation.”—Prof. PLAYPAIR.
truth unknown before, than to attempt to throw aside this treatise
This certainly was a more prudent method of introducing
entirely and write a new one instead of it. The success answered
exceedingly well to his hopes: and he may justly be styled a great
benefactor to the university in this attempt. For by this means
•
the true philosophy bas, without any noise, prevailed; and to this
day the translation of Rohault is, generally speaking, the stand-
ing text for lectures, and his notes the first direction to those who
are willing to receive the truth of things, in the place of invention
and romance.”—Bishop Hoadly.
Of this translation there have been four editions: the
last and best, in 1718, Svo. A translation of Rohault into
English, with Dr. Samuel Clarke's Notes, was made by
the brother of the latter, Dr. John Clarke, Dean of Sarum,
Lon., 1710, 2 vols. 8vo.
Our author, having chosen divinity as his profession, ap
391
CLA
CLA
plied himself with much zeal to theological learning, in
which he made great attainments. Three Practical Es-
says on Baptism, Confirmation, and Repentance, 1699, Svo.
"Mr. Whiston esteems these Essays the most serious treatises
Dr. Clarke ever wrote, and which, with a little correction, will
still be very useful in all Christian families."-Biog. Brit.
But audi alteram partem :
"These publications gave little promise of Clarke's subsequent
performances. They are destitute of originality and acuteness;
nor is there any thing in the style to compensate for mediocrity
of thought and illustration."-Cunningham's Bing. Hist. of Eng.
Reflections on Amyntor, 1699. Paraphrases upon the
Gospel of St. Matthew, 1701; St. Mark and St. Luke, 1702;
St. John: often reprinted under the title of A Paraphrase
on the Four Evangelists, 2 vols. Svo.
"Dr. Clarke's Paraphrase deserves an attentive reading: he
narrates a story in handsome language, and connects the parts well
together; but fails much in emphasis, and seems to mistake the
order of the histories."-Dr. Doddridge.
<
Dr. Clarke was a superior scholar. and a man who studied the
Bible with attention, though some of its grand doctrines were not
correctly understood by him.... Those who are partial to para
.. Those who are partial to para-
phrases of the Bible, which the author of this work is not, will
find Clarke and Pyle not inferior to the generality of paraphrasts."
-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Pyle's [Thomas] Paraphrase on the Acts and the
tles, 1725, 2 vols. 8vo, and on the Book of Revelation, 1735,
Svo, were designed as a continuation of Clarke's work.
See PYLE, THOMAS. Controversy with Mr. Dodwell re-
specting the Immortality of the Sonl; five treatises, pub.
1706, 07. Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of
God. The Obligations of Natural Religion, and the Truth
and Certainty of the Christian Revelation, in Answer to
Hobbes, Spinoza, &c., being the Substance of 16 Sermons
preached 1704, '05, at the Lecture founded by the Hon.
Robert Boyle, 1705 and 1706, 2 vols. 8vo. The first eight
sermons are devoted to A Demonstration of the Being and
Attributes of God.
Clarke was now called upon to defend the Newtonian
philosophy against Leibnitz, who had represented it to the
Princess of Wales, afterwards Queen Consort of George II.,
as false in philosophy, and dangerous in theology. At the
request of the princess, Sir Isaac Newton took up the ma-
Epis-thematical line of defence, leaving the philosophical branch
to Dr. Clarke. The latter pub. the Collection of Papers
which passed between him and Leibnitz, relating to the
Principles of Natural Philosophy and Religion, in 1717.
Discourse on some O. T. Prophecies, 1725, Svo. His dis-
cussion with Leibnitz respecting Philosophical Liberty and
Necessity was succeeded on the death of Leibnitz by a
similar controversy with Anthony Collins. Clarke pub. in
1717 his Remarks on Collins's Enquiry concerning Human
Liberty. This work and his discussion with Leibnitz were
pub. in French by Des Maizeaux in 1720. Seventeen Ser-
mons, 1724. Trans. of the first Twelve Books of Homer's
Iliad, 1729, 4to. Twelve last Books, (partly trans. by Dr.
Samuel Clarke,) pub. by his son, Samuel Clarke, 1732, 4to.
The Latin version is almost entirely new, and annotations
are added at the bottom of the pages.
W
The translation, with his corrections, may now be styled accu
rate; and his notes, as far as they go, are indeed a treasury of
grammatical and critical knowledge."-BISHOP HOADLY.
Exposition of the Church Catechism, Lon., 1729, Svo;
1730, Svo, and in his Works, vol. iii. This Exposition occa-
sioned a controversy, in which Drs. Waterland and Sykes
and Thos. Emlyn were concerned. Sermons from the au-
31, 10 vols. Svo. Eighteen Sermons, 1734, Svo. Works,
thor's MSS., by Jno. Clarke, D.D., Dean of Sarum, 1730,
with his Life, by Bishop Hoadly, 1738, 4 vols. fol.
Odyssea; Græce et Latine, 4th ed., Glasg., 1799, 2 vols.
Letter to Dr. Hoadly. Mathematical Con. to Phil. Trans.,
1728.
2
Homeri
Very different opinions have been entertained of this
celebrated demonstration. The satirical commentary of
Pope has but little weight, for the theological opinions of
the author of the Dunciad have never been considered
especially valuable. Dr. Thomas Brown has a better
claim to be heard, and he considers the speculations of
Clarke and others of a like character, as
Relics of the mere verbal logic of the schools, as little capable
of producing conviction as any of the wildest and most absurd
of the technical scholastic reasonings on the properties, or supposed
properties. of entity and non-entity."
Dugald Stewart acknowledges that "argument à priori
has been enforced with singular ingenuity by Dr. Clarke,"
yet he confesses that it "does not carry complete convic-
tion to my mind."
Bishop Hoadly, the stout apologist for Clarke, declares
that his demonstration
"Is one regular building, erected upon an unmovable founda-
tion. and rising up from one stage to another, with equal strength
and dignity."
Whiston tells us that he was in his garden when Clarke
brought him this famous volume :
"Now I perceived that in these Sermons he had dealt a great
deal in abstract and metaphysical reasonings. I therefore asked
him how he ventured into such subtilties, which I never durst
meddle with? And shewing him a nettle, or the like contemptible
weed. in my garden, I told him, that weed contained better argu-
ments for the Being and Attributes of God, than all his metaphy-
sicks. He confessed it to be so; but alleged for himself, that,
since such philosophers as Hobbes and Spinoza had made use of
those kind of subtilties against, he thought proper to shew, that
the like way of reasoning might be better made use on the side of,
religion. Which reason, or excuse, I allowed not to be inconsider-
able. Hist. Mem.: see Biog. Brit.
We think that Clarke's "reason or excuse" should have
been most satisfactory.
A great philosopher remarks, with much modesty, of such
metaphysicks," as Whiston styles them,
"6
"These are the speculations of men of superior genius; but
whether they be as solid as they are sublime, or whether they be
the wanderings of imagination in a region beyond the limits of
human understanding, I am unable to determine.”—DR. REID.
tions of Dr. Clarke and his opponents on this subject, ses
Watt's Bibl. Bib. and the Biog. Brit.; also Walchii Bibl.
Theol. 964-6; and T. H. Horne's Cat., 2 Col. Library, Camb.,
vol. i.
"It is no wonder that an edition should be very correct which
has passed through the hands of one of the most accurate, learned,
and judicious writers this age has produced.”—ADDISON: Specta-
tor. No. 367.
"The sentiments of Clarke upon this point were nndoubtedly
Arian; but it was an Arianism which approached as closely as pos
sible to the doctrine of the Trinity. He regarded the Sou and Holy
Spirit as emanations from the Father, endowed by him with every
attribute of Deity, self-existence alone excepted.”—Cunningham's
Biog. Hist. of England.
"Jones and Waterland will furnish a sufficient reply to Clarke.”
-BICKERSTETI: Christian Student.
66
The writings of Dr. Clarke on the Trinity contain a great deal
of discussion respecting the meaning of Scripture, and occasioned
a very extended controversy in England. He seems to have been
led to the sentiments adopted and defended, by his metaphysical
tone of mind, and by pursuing improperly the language of humau
creeds respecting the generation of the Son of God. "The contro
versy tended greatly to spread Arianism over the country.”—OKMB .
Bibl. Bib.
The Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity, Lon., 1712, Svo.
This work led to a protracted controversy, in which Dr.
Waterland, Mr. Nelson, Edwards, Wells, Gastrell, Whitby,
Jackson, and others took part. For a list of the publica-
202
...
"Dr. Clarke was as bright a light and masterly a teacher of truth
and virtue as ever yet appeared among us. . . . His sentiments and
expressions were so masterly, his way of explaining the phraseology
of Scripture by collecting and comparing together the parallel
places, so extraordinary and convincing, as to make his method of
preaching so universally acceptable, that there was not a parish
ioner who was not always pleased at his coming into their Pulpit,
or who was ever weary of his instruction. His works must last as
long as any language remains to convey them to future times."—
BISHOP HOADLY.
"He rarely reaches the sublime, or aims at the pathetic; but in
a clear, manly, flowing style, he delivers the most important doc-
trines, confirmed on every occasion by well-applied passages from
Scripture. He was not perfectly orthodox in his opinions; a cir
cumstance which has lowered his character among many.”—DR.
KNOX.
"Eminently and justly celebrated."-DR. PARR.
"If a preacher's disposition incline him to the illustration of the
sacred text, which, in strict truth, is performing what by his office
be has engaged himself to undertake, that is to say, to preach the
word of God, the best models I can think of are the Sermions of Dr.
Samuel Clarke of St. James's, who is always plain, clear, accurate,
and full.”—Bishop Warburton.
"I should recommend Dr. Clarke's Sermons, were he orthodox;
however, it is very well known where he was not orthodox, which
was upon the doctrine of the Trinity, as to which he is a condemned
heretic; so one is aware of it.”—DR. JOHNSON,
The topic was not a new one, nor the arguments ad-
duced altogether original, even in the English school of
philosophy. Ralph Cudworth, Henry More, and John
Howe, (especially see The Living Temple,) had all pre-
viously been "sailing on this sea of speculation."
"The chief glory of Clarke, as a metaphysical author, is due to
the boldness and ability with which he placed himself in the breach
againt the Necessitarians and Fatalists of his times. With a mind
far inferior to that of Locke, in comprehensiveness, in originality,
Trans. of Sir Isaac Newton's Optics into Latin, 1706. and in fertility of invention, he was nevertheless the more wary
Cæsar's Commentaries, 1712, fol.
and skilful disputant of the two; possessing, in a singular degree,
that reach of thought in grasping remote consequences, which
effectually saved him from those rash concessions into which Locke
was frequently betrayed by the greater warmth of his temperament
and vivacity of his fancy. This logical foresight (the natural result
of his habits of mathematical study) rendered him peculiarly fit to
contend with adversaries eager and qualified to take advantage of
time, to his style a tameness and monotony, and want of colouring,
every vulnerable point in his doctrine; but it gave, at the samʊ
which never appear in the easy and spirited, though often unfinished
Wo quote from a very eminent authority the following
admirable sketch of Dr. Clarke considered as a philosopher:
CLA
CLA
and unequal, sketches of Locke. Voltaire has somewhere said of him,!
that he was a mere reasoning machine, (un moulin à raisonnement.)
and the expression (though doubtless much too unqualified) pos-
sesses merit, in point of just discrimination, of which Voltaire was
probably not fully aware."-DUGALD STEWART: 1st Prelim. Dissert.
to Encyc. Bril.
See Lives of Clarke by Whiston and Hoadly; Whitaker's
Origin of Arianism; Warburton's Letters; Biog. Brit.;
Nichols's Bowyer; Tytler's Memoirs of Lord Kames.
Clarke, Samuel, D.D., grandson of the preceding,
pastor to a congregation of Dissenters at St. Alban's.
Christian's Inheritance, being a Collection of the Promises
of Scripture under their Proper Heads, &c., Lon., 1790,
12mo; new edit., with an Essay, by Ralph Wardlaw, D.D.,
12mo, Lon., 1850.
"In this edition every passage of Scripture has been compared
and verified. The volume is like an arranged museum of gems,
and precious stones, and pearls of inestimable value. The divine
promises comprehend a rich and endless variety."-DR. WARDLAW.
"The promises [Clarke's Collection] are for the most part well
arranged, and this book has been found food for many. But it has
one serious fault: they are Scripture promises, but not in the
Scripture mode and connection. They are often dissevered from
the Christian tempers and duties with which they are associated in
the Scripture, and in which alone an interest in them is maintained
and enjoyed."-BICKERSTETH: Christian Student.
Clarke, or Clark, Samuel. The Life and Death of
Nebuchadnezzer the Great, 1664; and in the Somers Col-
lection, vol. vii. Protestant Schoolmaster, 1680, 12mo.
Clarke, Sir Samuel. Fleta Book; the first; contain-
ing the Ancient Pleas of the Crown, with corrections and
illustrations; Latin, Lon., 1735, fol. See SELDEN, JOHN.
Clarke, Sara Jane. See LIPPINCOTT.
Clarke, Stephen, Serins., 1727, 30, Sro.
Clarke, Stephen. Coal Merchant. The Poison Tree;
a Dram., 1809, Svo. Torrid Zone; a Dram., 1809, Svo.
The Kiss; a Com., 1811, Svo.
Clarke, Thomas, Priest of the College of Rheims.
Recantation of Popery, 1593, 8vo. Life of P. Kempe, Svo.
Clarke, Thomas. Meditations in my Confinement,
Lon., 1661, 4to.
Clarke, Thomas B. Political treatises, 1784-1812.
Clarke, William. Serms., Lon., 1656, 4to.
Clarke, William. Nitre, Lon., 1670, Svo; in Latin,
Francf., 1675, Svo.
"He describes it as an emetic, purgative, refrigerant, and febri-
fuge."DR. WATT.
Clarke, William. Party Revenge, 1720, 8vo.
Clarke, William, 1696-1771, Fellow of St. John's
College, Cambridge, Rector of Buxted, 1724. Oration,
1768, 8vo. Connexion of the Roman, Saxon, and English
Coins, Lon., 1767, 4to.
Clarke, William. Repertorium Bibliographicum, or
some Account of the most celebrated British Libraries,
Public and Private, 1819, Svo. Let the reader secure this
book on the first opportunity.
"A most valuable and interesting book, and more especially so
to the lovers of Bibliomania; containing much valuable matter
relating to celebrated libraries. with an account of their collectors.”
Clarke, William, Architect. Extracts from the MS.
Journals and the Drawings of this gentleman will be found
in that useful compilation from Mazois, Sir Wm. Gell, &c.,
entitled Pompeii: its Past and Present State.
"Those who have visited Pompeii invariably admit the great
accuracy of these little volumes.”
Clarke, William. See Lewis, MerriwETHER.
Clarke, William A. Abridgt. of Life of Rev. T.
Hogg, Lon., 1799, 12mo.
Clarkson, Charles.
Serms., Lon., 1773.
Clarkson, Christopher. Serms., 1733, '37, 4to.
Clarkson, David,1622–1686, a learned Nonconformist
divine, Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge, succeeded Dr.
Owen, 1683. Primitive Episcopacy, Lon., 1680, Svo. No
Evidence of Diocesan Episcopacy in Primitive Times,
1681, 4to, in answer to Stillingfleet. Discourse of Litur-
gies, 1689, 8vo. Serms. and Discourses, 1696, fol.
wrote several treatises against Romanism.
He
There is in this work (pp. 54-65) a very good account of the
ancient trade of the Black Sea."-McCullochi's Lit.of Polit. Economy.
Clarke, William, M.D. Prof. treatises. 1751, '53, '57.
Clarke, William, M.D. 1. Observations on the Con-
duct of the French. 2. Letters on the French Revolution,
1755, '95.
!
"The matter of his Sermons was always judiciously derived
from his text, and remarkable for depth and clearness.”—Dr. W.
BATES.
Some of them have been printed by the London Reli-
gious Tract Society. His attack upon Diocesan Episco-
pacy was answered by Henry Maurice, in A Defence of
Diocesan Episcopacy, Lon., 1691, 8vo, and 1700, 8vo.
Clarkson, D. A. Designs for Tombs, Monuments,
&c.. Lon., imp. 4to.
Clarkson, Lawrence.
Truth released from Prison
to its former Liberty.
Clarkson, Thomas, 1760-1846, the distinguished
advocate of the abolition of slavery, was educated at St.
John's College, Cambridge, and took Deacon's orders. He
pub. several Essays against the Slave Trade, 1783, '87. '89,
91, 1807; a History, &c. of the Abolition of the Slave
Trade in 1808, 2 vols. 8vo, and 1839, and a Vindication
of this work. A Portraiture of Quakerism, 1806 and 1809,
3 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 1813, 3 vols. 8vo. Of the 1st ed. 2500
Copies were sold without advertisement. It was reviewed
by Lord Jeffrey, Edin. Rev., April, 1807. Memoirs of the
Private and Public Life of Wm. Penn, 1813, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Mr. Clarkson seems to have spared no pains or labour in in-
forming himself of every circumstance relative to Penn, whether
1
contained in well-known or obscure works.”—Lom. Eclectic Review.
Lord Jeffrey also reviews this work in the Edin. Review
for July, 1813.
“Tillotson, notwithstanding Clarkson's aouconformity, always
preserved a very high respect for him."
“A Divine of extraordinary worth. for solid judgment, healing, Į
moderate principles, acquaintance with the Fathers, great minis-
terial ability, and a godly, upright life."-Baxter.
John Howe and Matt. Mead also recommend his sermons.
Evangelical and comprehensive.”—BICKERSTETH,
¡
66
It should be sufficient for the glory of William Penn. that he
stands upon record as the most humane. the most moderate, and
the most pacific of all rulers."-LORD JEFFREY.
See T. Taylor's Biog. Sketch of Thomas Clarkson, Lon.,
12mo: 2d ed., by Dr. Stebbing, 1847.
"Mr. Taylor has performed his undertaking with the zeal of an
affectionate admirer. and with taste. judgment, and accuracy.”—
London Christian Advocate. See DIXON, WILLIAM HEPWORTH.
Clarkson, William. Cause of the Increase of Pau-
perism and Poor's Rates,
Lon., 1815, Svo.
with a remedy for the same,
..
Clarkson, William. Missionary Encouragements
in India, Lon., ISmo. A volume of thrilling interest."
India and the Gospel, or an Empire for the Messiah; with
introduc. by Rev. T. Archer, D.D.
The book should be circulated by tens of thousands.”—Lơn.
Evangelical Magazine.
<
Claromont. See CLARAMONT.
Clason, Isaac Starr, 1796-1830, a native of New
York, wrote "the 17th and 18th cantos of Don Juan,"-a
continuation of Lord Byron's poem.
Clater, Francis. Every Man his own Farrier, Newk.,
1783, Svo; 28th ed. Lon., 1843, 12mo. By John Clater and
W. C. Spooner, with addits. by J. S. Skinner, (Amer. ed.)
Every Man his own Cattle Doctor, Lon., 1810, Svo; 9th
ed., Lon., 1842, 12mo; revised by Wm. Youatt and W. C.
Spooner, with addits. by J. S. Skinner, (American ed.)
“Clater and Youatt are names treasured by the farming com-
munities of Europe as household gods: nor does that of Skinner
deserve to be less esteemed in America.”—American Farmer.
Mr. Edward Mayhew has recently edited a 29th ed. of the
"Farrier," and a 10th ed. of the "Cattle Doctor."
Clavel, Roger. Tables of Discount, 1683, fol.
Clavell, John, a highwayman temp. Charles I. Dis-
covery of the Highway Law; with instructions how to
shun or apprehend a thief; in verse, Lon., 1628, 8vo. Re-
cantation of an ill-led Life, 1634, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet,
109, £3 Ss. This gentleman-robber was a nephew of Sir
N. Clavell.
"Clavell here [in his Recantation] recites his own adventures on
the highway. Ilis first depredations are ou Gad's-hill.” -Warton's
Hist. Eng. Po try.
Clavell, Robert. Dominion of the British Seas, Lon.,
1665, Svo. General Catalogue of Books printed in England,
1666-1680; Lon., 1680, '81, '82.
Clavering, Henry. A Select Law Library, 1817, 8vo.
Clavering, Robert, d. 1747; Bishop of Llandaff,
1724; trans. to Peterborough, 1728. Moses Maimonides,
Ox., 1705, 4to; Serms., 1708, 29, 30, 33.
Clavering, Robert. Carpentry, &c., 1776, '79, Svo
Clavers, Mary. See KIRKLAND, CAROLIne M.
Claxton, John. Saxon Arch: Archæol., 1792.
Claxton, L. The Right Devil Discovered, Lon., 1659,
12mo.
Claxton, Timothy. Hints to Mechanics on Self-
Education and Mutual Instruction, Lon., 12mo.
"The amusing book before us has all the ease and simplicity of
De Foe, and the exemplary utility of Franklin. To the mechanic
it offers at once an example and a pleasant companion in the pur-
suit of knowledge, and to the general reader it affords a deep in-
sight into those labouring classes which are the sinews of the
nation."—Lon. Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal, Feb. 1839.
Clay, C. C. Laws of Alabama, Tusca., 1843, Svo.
Clay, Cassius M., b. 1810, in Madison county, Ken-
tucky, editor of The True American Newspaper, devoted
to the overthrow of slavery in Kentucky, is well known as
one of the most zealous opponents of negro bondage. His
393
CLA
CLE
writings and spceches have been pub. in New York, 1848,
8vo, edited by Horace Greeley.
Clay, Edward, Jun. Hist. and Topograph. Descrip-
tion of Framlingham, 18mo; pp. 144, with 2 plates of the
castle.
Clay, Francis. News from England, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Clay, Henry, one of the most distinguished of Ameri-
can statesmen, and eloquent of modern orators, was b. April
12, 1777, in Hanover county, Virginia; d. at Washington,
D. C., June 29th, 1852. Clay Code, or Text Book of Elo-
quence, edited by Vandenhoff. Life and Speeches, edited
by D. Mallory, 1844, 2 vols. 8vo. Life and Speeches, col-
lected by James B. Swain, New York, 1843, 2 vols. Svo.
Speeches, collected by Richard Chambers, Cincinnati, 1842,
Svo. Biography, by George D. Prentice, Hartford, 1831,
12mo. Biography, by Epes Sargent, New York, Svo. Life
and Speeches, by Henry J. Raymond, Phila., 1853, Svo.
Life and Times, by Rev. Calvin Colton, N. Y., 1846, 2 vols.
r. Svo.
Last Seven Years of the Life of Henry Clay, by
Calvin Colton, N.Y., 1856, Svo. Private Correspondence,
ed. by C. Colton, N.Y., 1855, Svo. Speeches, ed. by C.
Colton, N.Y., 1857, 2 vols. 8vo.
Mr. Colton visited Henry Clay at his residence, Ashland, Ken-
tucky, in 1844, and obtained free access to all his papers. After
the death of that distinguished statesman. those papers came into
Mr. Colton's possession, from which the above works were compiled.”
Clay, J. Elegy, 1793, 4to.
Clay, John. Public Statutes, Lon., 1739, 2 vols. fol.
Clay, John.
John. 25 Serms., Lon., 1827, 12mo.
"
Clay, John Curtis, Rector of Swedes' Church, Phila-
delphia. Annals of the Swedes on the Delaware, &c.,
Phila., 1835, 12mo.
Clay, Joseph, 1764-1811, a native of Savannah,
Judge of the District Court of Georgia, and subsequently
Baptist minister at Savannah, afterwards at Boston.
Serm., 1807.
a
Clay, R. Lomax. Pool for Essex, 1768, 8vo.
Clay, Samuel. Med. Treatise, Ultraj., 1690, 4to.
Clay, Thomas. 1. Revenue.
1. Revenue. 2. Interest, 1619, '24.
Clay, W. Keatinge. Hist. Sketches of the Book C.
Prayer, Lon., 1849, fep. 8vo. Prayer Book Version of the
Prayer Book Version of the
Psalms, 1839, 12mo. Book of C. Prayer, illustrated, 1841,
12mo. Liturgical Services temp. Elizabeth, Camb., 1847,
8vo. (Parker Society.) Private Prayers temp. Elizabeth,
Camb., 1851, Svo. (Parker Society.) See a Review in the
Lon. Wesleyan Method. Mag., Feb. 1854.
Clayton, A. S. Laws of Georgia, 1800, '10, Augusta,
1812, 4to.
Clayton, George. Serms., 1821, &c.
Clayton, Gyles. Martial Discipline, 1591, 4to.
Clayton, John. Topics in the Laws of England, Lon.,
1646, 12mo. Reports and Pleas of Assizes at Yorke, 1651,
12mo. If this book will do all that Mr. Clayton promises
for it, we should suppose that our friends the lawyers
would insist on its immediate republication :
"You may see here how to avoid a dangerous jury to your client,
what evidence best to use for him, how to keep the judge so he
overrule you not, so that if it be not your own fault-as too often
it is for fear of favour-the client may have his cause so handled,
as if he be plaintiff, he may have his right, and if defendant,
moderately punished, or recompensed for his vexation; and such
Pleaders the people need."-Preface.
Clayton, John. Serms., 1736, 8vo.
Clayton, John, d. 1773, aged 87, an eminent bota-
nist and physician, a native of Fulham, emigrated to Vir-
ginia when 20 years of age. Flora Virginica, Lugd. Bat.,
1762, 4to. Con. to Phil. Trans. respecting Virginia; In-
dians, Natural History, &c., 1693, 1739. See Barton's Med.
and Phys. Journal.
Clayton, John, d. 1843. Serms., &c., 1789-1805.
Clayton, John. 1. Serm. 2. On the Choice of Books,
1809, '11.
"Whether the bishop's views on these topics shall be receiveđ
or rejected, his learning and ingenuity must be admired."—ORME.
Vindication of the Histories of the Old and New Testn-
ments, in Answer to Lord Bolingbroke's Objections, Dubl.,
part i., 1752, 8vo; ii., 1754, Svo; iii., 1757, 8vo. The
sophistry and ignorance of Bolingbroke are here strongly
displayed. An Essay on Spirit, 1751, Svo. This Arian
and pub. by him. It elicited replies from 20 to 30 writers,
treatise was not written by the bishop, but was adopted
and the Irish Convocation had determined to proceed
and the Irish Convocation had determined to proceed
against the bishop, when he was seized with a nervous
fever, which terminated his life, February 26, 1758. But
for the publication of this Essay, he would have been
raised to the Archbishopric of Tuam. He pub. several
sermons and treatises, and trans. from a MS. A Journal
from Grand Cairo to Mount Sinai, and back again, &c.,
1753, 4to.
Clayton, Robert, 1695-1758, a native of Dublin, was
educated at, and became Fellow of, Trinity College. Dub-
lin; Bishop of Killala, 1729; trans. to Cork, 1735; to
Clogher, 1745. Chronology of the Hebrew Bible Vindi-
cated, Lon., 1747, 4to.
"He defends the numbers of the Hebrew text, and maintains,
the Usherian system of Chronology with a great variety of learning.
It contains many observations which deserve the attention of the
learned reader."-ORME: Bibl. Bib.
Dissertation on Prophecy, 1749, 8vo. Letter relative to
the Restoration of the Jews, &c., 1751, 8vo; a second Let-
ter, 1751, 8vo.
"Published with a view of exciting antiquaries to make some
inquiry into those ancient characters which are discovered in
great numbers in the wilderness of Sinai.”
Clayton, Sir Robert. Truth Vindicated, 1681, 4to.
Clayton, Thomas. Sermons, 1713, '27.
Clayton, Wm. Rural Discourses, 1814, 2 vols. 12mo.
"Plain and practical, and admirably suited for country con-
gregations."
Cleadon, Thomas. The Sabbath, Lon., 1674, 4to.
Clearidge, John. Shepherd's Legacy, 1670, Svo.
Cleaveland, Ezra. Genealogical History of the
noble and illustrious Family of Courtenay, Oxon., 1735,.fol.
Cleaveland, Cleavland, Cleveland, or Clieve-
land, John, 1613-1659, a native of Loughborough, Lei-
cestershire, was educated at Christ's College, and St. John's
College, Cambridge. He had the honour of being the first
poetical champion of the royal cause, and suffered impri-
sonment when the opposition prevailed. He was for some
time a tutor at St. John's College, and subsequently lived
in chambers at Gray's Inn, where he died in 1659.
tion of the generality, in regard his conceits were out of the com-
"In fine, so great a man Clieveland has been in the estima-
mon road, and wittily far-fetched, that grave men, in outward ap-
pearance, have not spared, in my hearing, to affirm him THE BEST
OF ENGLISH POETS: and let them think so still, whoever pleases,
provided it be made no article of faith."-EDWARD PHILLIPS.
had any family pride to prejudice him, we shall not decide.
It is easy to see who did not think so: whether Phillips
"While the first edition and sheets of Paradise Lost were slowly
struggling through the mists of bigotry and party prejudice into
public reputation, the poems of Clieveland were poured forth in
innumerable impressions. The reverse is now the singular con-
trast; and Clieveland has had the fate of those poets, described in
Johnson's Life of Cowley, who, paying their court to temporary
prejudices, have been at one time too much praised, and at another
too much neglected."-Retrosp. Review, xii. 123; read this article.
"A general artist, pure Latinist, exquisite orator, and (which
was his master-piece) eminent poet. His epithets were pregnant
with metaphors, carrying in them a difficult plainness; difficult
at hearing, plain at the consideration thereof. His lofty fancy may
seem to stride from the top of one mountain to the top of another,
so making to itself a constant level and champaign of continued
elevations."-FULLER: Worthies of Leicestershire.
Cleaveland, or Cleveland, John, 1772-1815, a
minister of Ipswich, Massachusetts. Serms., &c., 1763-84.
Cleaveland, Parker, b. 1780, at Byfield, Essex co.,
Mass.; Prof. in Bowdoin College. Mineralogy and Geo-
|logy, Boston, 1816, Svo; 1822, 2 vols. 8vo.
"The Elementary Treatise of Mr. Cleaveland is a work of con-
siderable merit.”—Edin. Review, xxx, 374.
The King's Disguise, 1646, 4to. A London Diurnal-
maker, &c., 1647, 54, 4to. The Rustic Rampant, 1658,
Svo. Poems, Orations, and Epistles, 1660, 12mo. Peti-
tion to the Lord Protector for the Scots Rebel; a satirical
Poem. Works, 1687, Svo. See notice of edits. in Lowndes's
Bibl. Manual, Bibl. Anglo-Poet., and Retrosp. Review, xii.
123. Clieveland's poetry was greatly admired by his con-
temporaries: the nephew of Milton remarks, perhaps with
some little asperity,
Cleaver, John. Sermon, 1676, 4to.
Cleaver, Robert, d. 1613, a Puritan divine. Serms.,
Clayton, John. Serms., &c., 1829–48.
Clayton, N. Serms., 1776, 8vo.
Clayton, Prudence. Her case, fol.
Clayton, Sir Richard. Hist. and other trans. from 1613, '14. The Sabbath, 1630. In conjunction with John
the French, 1793, '97.
Dod, Exposition of the Ten Commandments, 1606, 4to.
In conjunction with John Dod and William Flinde, Ex-
position of the Book of Proverbs, 1606, 4to.
Cleaver, William. Sermons, 1739-62, 8vo.
Cleaver, William, D.D., 1742-1815, educated at the
University of Oxford; Probendary of Westminster, 1784;
Principal of Brasenose, 1785; Bishop of Chester, 1787;
trans. to Bangor, 1800; to St. Asaph, 1806. De Rhythmo
Græcorum Liber, Lon., 1789, 8vo.
"An excellent little work.”
Serms., 1773, '91, '94. Collec. of his own and his father's
serms., 1808, 8vo. Serms. on select Subjects, 8vo. A List
of Books recommended to the Clergy and younger Stu-
394
CLE
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dents in Divinity, Oxf., 1791, 8vo; 3d ed. enlarged, with
Dodwell's Catalogue of the Christian Writers and genuine
Works of the first three Centuries, 1808, 8vo.
A very useful catalogue for all students.
Cleaver, Wm. Serms., Dubl., 1843; Lon., 1847, 8vo.
Cleaver, William. See CLEVER.
Cleeve, Alex. Serm.,1773. Devotional Exercises, 1801.
Cleeve, J. K. Sermon, 1812, 8vo.
Clegat, Nic. Persuasive to an ingenious Tryal of
Opinions in Religion, Lon., 1685, 4to.
Clegate. Travails from Terra Incognita through the
Wilderness of Sinne, Lon., 1650, 12mo.
Clegg, James. Sermons, 1731, '36, '38.
Clegg, James. Dyeing Black, Phil. Trans., 1774.
Clegg,John. Elements of Geography, Liverp.,1795,4to.
Cleghorn, David. Con. to Med. Tracts, 1792.
Cleghorn, George, M.D., 1716-1787, a native of
Edinburgh, resided 13 years at Minorca with the 22d re-
giment, of which he was surgeon. Diseases of Minorca,
Lon., 1751, 8vo.
"A just model for future writers."-Dr. FothergilL.
Index of an Annual Course of Lectures, Dubl., 1767,
8vo. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1766.
Cleghorn, George. Ancient and Modern Art, His-
torical and Critical, Edin. & Lon., 2 vols. 12mo; 2d ed.,1848.
"We have the pleasure of recommending it to a place in every
public library, and on the table of every man who values art, re-
finement, elegance, and taste."-Lon. Morning Post.
Cleghorn, James.
Med. Con. to Trans. Irish Acad.,
1787.
Cleghorn, James. The depressed State of Agricul-
ture, Edin., 1822, Svo. A System of Agriculture, with 13
plates, Edin., 4to. From 7th ed. Encycl. Brit.
"The best account of the Agriculture of the Scotch Counties is
to be found in Black's Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica."
Loudon's Agriculture, p. 1178.
"The initiation shows much discernment; and the subsequent
arrangement of the materials is judiciously made, and each article
has given to it a proper description both in the nature and extent."
-Donaldson's Agricult. Birg.
The animals are sketched with an ease, spirit, and precision,
approximating to the fidelity of nature."-Durham Chronicle.
Cleghorn, Thos. The Hydra Aëronaut, 1810, 12mo.
Cleig, George. Fast Sermon, 1795, Sro.
Cleiveland, John. See CLEAVELAND.
Cleland, Archibald, Surgeon. Appeal to the Pub-
lic, Lon., 1743, Svo. Profess. con. to Phil. Trans., 1741.
Cleland, Benjamin. Sermon, 1667, Svo.
Cleland, Charles. Laws rel. to Imp. and Exp. of
Wine, Lon., 1737, 4to.
Cleland, Elizabeth. Cookery, Edin., 1759, Svo.
Cleland, Henry. Life of William Pitt, 1807, 12mo.
Cleland, James. The Institution of a Young No-
bleman, Oxf., 1607, 4to. Serm., 1624, '26, 4to.
Cleland, James. Annals of Glasgow, 1816, 2 vols.
The Green of Glasgow, 1813, 8vo.
Cleland, John, d. 1789, in his S0th year, the son of
Colonel Cleland, i. e. WILL HONEYCOMB, of the Specta-
tor's Club. Besides several works which did him no credit,
he pub. The Way to Things by Words, and to Words by
Things, 1766, Svo. Specimens of an Etymological Voca-
bulary, or Essay by Means of the Analytical Method, to
retrieve the ancient Celtic, 1768; Proposals relative to
the above; Dramatic pieces, &c.
8vo.
Cleland, Thomas. Sermon, 1660, 4to.
Cleland, Lt. Col. Wm., a Scotch poet in Lord
Angus's regiment. Disp. Jurid. de Probationibus, Traj. ad
Rh., 1684, 4to. A Collection of several Poems and Verses
composed upon various Occasions, 1697, Svo.
Clemence. The French Language, Lon., 1797, 8vo.
Clemence, M. The true Lover of his Country; or,
a Treatise on Sovereignty, 1801, 12mo.
Clemens, Hon. Jeremiah, at one time U.S.
Senator from Alabama. Bernard Lile; an Historical Ro-
mance, Phila., 1856, 12mo Mustang Grey; a Romance,
1858, 12mo.
Clement of Lathony, flourished about 1180, Sub-
prior and Prior of Lathony. Series Collecta, or a Harmony
of the Gospels, and a patristic Commentary thereon, entitled
Collectarium. Of this work an English version was made,
it is supposed, by a follow or of Wycliffo, and several MSS.
of it may be seen in the British Museum. The conclusion
of the original has been attributed to William of Notting-
ham. Clement also wrote a Commentary on the Acts, and
on the Canonical Epistles, a gloss on the Psalter, &c. See
Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Clement. Discourse of Money, Trade, and Exchange,
1595, 4to.
Clement, A. Mystery Unmasked, 1769, 8vo; ad-
dressed to "people of any Religion, and those of none."
Clement, Benjamin. Serms., 1774, 2 vols. 8vo.
Clement, Margaret, 1508-1570, a niece of Sir Tho
mas More, corresponded with Erasmus, who applauds her
epistles for good sense and good Latin-not a necessary
conjunction. When she married her tutor, Dr. John Cle-
ment, the great Leland indulged in an Epithalamium: Jo.
Clementis Medici & Margaretæ.
Vide Encom. Troph.
Epithalamiis, &c., p. 38; or Ballard's British Ladies.
Clement, Thomas. Nat. Philosophy, Lon.,1790,8vo.
Clement, William, d. 1799, aged 88. Curate of
St. Mary-at-hill, London, and Librarian of Sion College.
Eight Serms. at Lady Moyer's Lecture, 1757,Lon.,1797,8vo.
**The subject of these discourses is the Trinity, and the author
has conducted the argument with much judgment.”—LowNDES.
Clenche, John. Tour in France and Italy, 1776, 4to.
Clendon, John. Treatise on the Trinity, 1710, 8vo.
Clendon, Thos. Justification, Serm., Lon., 1653, 4to.
Clennil, John. Manufactures, Newc., 1807, Svo.
Cleobury, Miss. Practical Geography, 1816, 4to.
Cleombrotus. England's Warning Piece, 1661, 4to.
Clephane, M.D. Con. to Med. Obs. & Ing., 1755.
Clephane, A. Decisions C. of Sessions, 1812,'13, 1815.
Clerk. Modern Precedents, 1655, 12mo.
E. Albin's work on English Spiders) in Thomas Martyn's
Clerk, Charles. On Swedish Spiders; included (with
Aranei, Lon., 1793, r. 4to.
Clerk, David, M.D.
Con. to Ess. Phys. & Lit., 1771.
Clerk, Sir George Maxwell, 1715–1784. Two Let-
ters respecting Wool, &c., 1756. Con. to Ess. Phys. & Lit.,
1756, '71. Shallow ploughing, &c.
Clerk, John. Serm., Camb., 1656, Svo.
Clerk, John, d. 1812. Essay on Naval Tactics, Lon.,
1790-98, 4to; new ed., Edin., 1804, 4to.
"To the system of manoeuvres laid down and explained in this
work, the British nation are indebted for those splendid and deci-
sive victories which their fleets have gained since the latter end
of the American war. Lord Rodney first adopted and followed
the mode of attack recommended by Mr. Clerk; and the success
which attended this new mode has since recommended it to our
most celebrated admirals."-Edin. Review.
But General Sir Howard Douglass professes to prove that
Lord Rodney could not possibly have been informed of
Mr. Clerk's theory at the time of the battle, (against the
French under De Grasse in the West Indies) and it has
been asserted that Clerk's Essay is principally taken from
P. Paul Hoste's L'Art des Armes Navales. William Clerk
is thus honourably mentioned by Sir Walter Scott:
"William Clerk is the second son of the celebrated author of
Naval Tactics. I have known him intimately since our college
days; and to my thinking, never met a man of greater powers or
more complete information on all desirable subjects."-Scott's Jour
nal, Nov. 20, 1825.
Clerk, John. Views in Scotland, &c., Edin..1825,4to.
Clerk, Sir John. Con. to Phil. Trans. The Stylus
and Paper of the Ancients, 1731. Effects of Thunder on
Trees; of a large Deer's Horns found in the heart of an
Oak, 1739.
Clerk, Sir Johu, and Mr. Baron Scroope. Hist.
View of the Court of Exchequer in Scotland, Edin., 1820,4to.
Clerk, T. or W. Works of Hogarth, Lon., 1810, 2
vols. r. Svo.
Clerk, William, Surgeon. Profess.con. to Phil. Trans.,
1699.
Clerke, Bartholomew. Fidelis Servi Subito Infi-
deli Responsio, Lon., 1573, 4to. De Curiali sive Aulico
libri quatuor, 1577. Svo; from Castiglione.
Clerke, Charles C., Archdeacon of Oxford. Form
Visitation June and July, 1844, Oxf., 1844, Svo.
of Prayer and Ceremonies, Lon., Svo. A Charge at the
Clerke, Francis. Praxis; being the manner of pro-
ceeding in the Ecclesiastical Courts, 2d ed. by T. Blanden,
Indice et notis, 1667, Svo; new ed., 1829, 12mo.
1606, 4to. Praxis Supreme Curiæ Admiralitatis Unà cum
64
· A work of undoubted credit.”—LORD HARDWICKE.
See Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Clerke, George. The Landed Man's Assistant, Lon.,
1715, Svo.
Clerke, Gilbert. Theolog. Latin Treatises, 1660, '62,
'87, '95.
|
Clerke, John, Bishop of Bath and Wells, d. 1540,
presented the treatise of Henry VIII. against Luther to
Pope Leo X. Oratio ad Leonem X. in exhibitione Libelli
Regii Henrici VIII. contra Lutherem; cum Papæ respon-
Clement. Petie Schole on Orthography, &c., Lon., sione et aliis hinc quibusdam spectantibus, Lon., by Pynson,
1587, 16mo.
1521, 4to.
Clement. A Dyalogue, &c., 1530?
995
CLE
CLI
Clerke, John. Opusculum de Mortuorum Resurrec-
tione et Extremo Judicio, in quatuor Linguis conscriptum,
Lon., 1545, 4to. In double columns; Latin and Italian in
the Roman character, the English and French in black
letter.
"Curious on account of some of the speculations it contains;
but above all as it affords a comparative view of the orthograpby
and idiom of the English, French, and Italian languages at that
period."
A Declaration respecting the Articles, 1546, Svo.
Clerke, Richard, d. 1634, one of the translators of
the English Bible. Serms. pub. by C. White, Lon., 1637, fol.
Worthy to be remembered of us, though dead; for he loved us
and our church. Witnesse this pledge of his love to both, his
Workes."-Preface.
.
Clerke, Samuel. Serms., 1693, 1700, 4to.
Clerke, Thos. W. Rudiments of Amer. Law and
Practice, on the plan of Blackstone, N. York, 1842, Svo.
"Mr. Clerke's Rudiments of American Law and Practice appears
to me to be drawn up with great care, and to condense in a brief
form a great deal of learning, highly useful to students at law,
and well adapted to the highest classes in our colleges: and espe-
cially for students in the State of New York."-JOSEPH STORY.
Digest of the Reports of Cases determined in the Su-
preme and other Courts of the State of N. Y.; revised and
continued to present time by Wm. Hogan, N. York, 1850,
4 vols. 8vo.
Clerke, Tim. Papers relative to Physick, 1670, 4to.
Clerke, William. The Trial of Bastardie, 1594, 4to.
Clerke, William. Marciano, or the Discovery; a
Tragi-comedy, Edin., 1663, 4to.
"This piece is said to have been acted with great applause before
his Majesty's high Commissioner, and others of the nobility, at the
abbey of Holyrood house."— LOWNDES.
Clerke, Sir William, Rector of Bury. Thoughts on
the manner of preserving the health of the Poor, Lon.,
1790, 8vo.
Clery, Michael, seu O'Clerich, a native of Ireland.
Lexicon Hibernicum præsert. pro Vocabulis Antiquioribus
et Obscuris, Lovanii, 1643, Svo.
Cleveland, Aaron, (son of Rev. Aaron C. and
Susannah Porter, d. of Rev. Dr. Porter of Malden, Mass.,)
b. in Haddam, Conn., 1744, d. at New Haven, 1815. The
Philosopher and Boy; a Poem, written before he was
twenty-one; Family Blood. a burlesque poem; Slavery
Considered, an anti-slavery Poem, in blank verse, of about
800 lines, published in 1775; and two Peace-Sermons,
1815, entitled The Life of Man Inviolable, which were re-
published in England. For a Memoir of him, and extracts
from his poems, see Poets of Connecticut. We understand
that his grandson, Prof. C. D. Cleveland, of Philadelphia,
is about to publish his works with a life.
Cleveland, Charles Dexter, son of Rev. Charles
Cleveland of Boston, was born at Salem, Mass., December
3, 1802. After spending five years in mercantile pursuits,
in 1823 he entered Dartmouth College, and graduated in
1827. In 1830 he was elected Professor of the Latin and
Greek languages in Dickinson College, Carlisle, Penn.;
and in 1832 Professor of the Latin Language and Litera-
ture in the University of the City of New York. In 1834
he established a Young Ladies' School in Philadelphia, of
which he still (1858) continues the Principal.
The following is a list of the works pub. by Prof. C. In
1826, while a Junior in College, The Moral Characters of
Theophrastus, with a Translation and Critical Notes: in
1827, while a Senior, An Epitome of Grecian Antiquities:
in 1828, First Lessons in Latin upon a New Plan, and in
the same year, The National Orator: in 1830, Xenophon's
Anabasis, with English Notes: in 1831, a Compendium of
Grecian Antiquities, being the Epitome rewritten and
greatly enlarged, with Maps and Illustrations: in 1832,
First Lessons in Greek: in 1834, a Sequel to First Lessons
in Latin: in 1836, an edition of Adams's Latin Grammar,
with numerous Additions and Improvements: in 1844, an
Address of the Liberty Party of Pennsylvania to the People
of the State in 1845, First Latin Book, and in the same
year, Second Latin Book: in 1846, Third Latin Book: in
1848, A Compendium of English Literature, from Sir John
Mandeville to William Cowper: in 1850, Hymns for
Schools; with appropriate Selections from the Scriptures:
in 1851, English Literature of the Nineteenth Century: in
1853, an edition of Milton's Poetical Works, with Life,
Dissertations on each Poem, Notes, an Index to Subjects
of Paradise Lost, and a Verbal Index to all the Poems: in
1858, A Compendium of American Literature, on the plan
of the Compendium of English Literature.
Ci
The books of Professor Cleveland's Latin Series are well calcu-
lated for leading the learner forward. step by step, in acquiring a
knowledge of that language which enters so largely into all our
Scientific works."-Hunt's Merchant's Magazine.
Professor Cleveland's edition of Milton we consider the
most correct, compact, and convenient edition published
in this country. It is "critical enough for the scholar,
full enough for the general reader, beautiful enough for
the table of the opulent, but, above all, cheap enough for the
school-room and for the dwellings of those whose limited
means prevent them from buying expensive books."
“An edition which must have cost immense labour, from the
care and accuracy with which every word has been weighed."-
National Magazine.
"A pre-eminently appreciable pleasure it is to find a new and
carefully-prepared edition of a favourite writer."—Knickerbocker.
"The Index of Subjects is full and judicious; the Verbal Index
remarkably accurate; and the Notes signally pertinent.”—Biblio
theca Sacra.
The Text I have found in all cases the test, the Notes most
judiciously selected or supplied; while the Index is complete and
faultless as far as human labour can be.”—Jos. G. Cogswell, Li-
brarian of the Astor Library.
Professor Cleveland's Compendium of English Litera-
ture and his English Literature of the 19th Century are
most valuable manuals, and should be in every college,
school, family, and library, and on every parlour-table
where literature is not entirely repudiated.
Notices of the Compendium of English Literature.
"Having, some years since, meditated a similar undertaking, I
can appreciate, in a measure, the difficulties with which you were
called to contend. and the skill with which you have surmounted
them."-RT. PEV. A. POTTER, D.D., LL.D.
"To form such a Compendium. good taste. fine scholarship, fami-
liar acquaintance with English literature, unwearied industry, tact
acquired by practice, an interest in the culture of the young, a re-
gard for truth, purity, philanthropy, religion, as the highest attain-
ment and the highest beauty.-all these were needed; and they are
united in Mr. Cleveland."-Boston Christian Register.
"Of the filial attachment of Americans to the literature of Old
England the work before us, is a most creditable specimen. It is
decidedly the best book of the kind we know. Though it is not
bulky, it comprises an immense amount of valuable matter."-
London Athenæum, March, 1851.
Cleveland, Ezra. See CLEAVELAND.
Cleveland, Henry R., 1808-1848, son of Richard
J. Cleveland, (q. v.) Remarks on the Classical Education
of Boys, by a Teacher, 1834. Life of Henry Hudson, in
Sparks's Amer. Biog., vol. x., 1838. Address delivered before
the Harvard Musical Association, 1840, Svo. A Letter to
Hon. Daniel Webster on the Causes of the Destruction of
Mr. C.
the Steamer Lexington, by a Traveller, 1840.
contrib. several papers to N. Amer. Rev., New England
Magazine, and other journals. A selection of his writings,
with a Memoir by Geo. S. Hillard, was printed for private
distribution after his death, Boston, 1844, 12mo.
"He was an accomplished scholar, particularly in the ancient
classics."-JARED SPARKS, LL.D.
Cleveland, John. See CLEAVELAND.
Cleveland, Parker. See CLEAVELAND.
Cleveland, Richard J., father of Henry R. Cleve-
land. A Narrative of Voyages and Commercial Enter-
prises, Camb., 1842, 2 vols. 12mo. Several edits. also re-
pub. in Eng.
::
The result of long experience in practical navigation in various
parts of the world, replete with interesting incidents and judi-
cious remarks, and written in a clear and forcible style.”—JARED
SPARKS, LL.D.
Clever, or Cleaver, William. A Knowledge for
Kings, &c.; trans. into English, Lon., 1574, 8vo; a theo-
logical treatise.
Clever,William. Flower of Physicke, Lon., 1590, 4to.
Clifford. Introduc. to Geography, 1682, Svo.
Clifford, Abr. Methodus Evangelica, 1676, 8vo.
Clifford, Anne, Countess of Dorset and Pembroke,
1589-1676, daughter of the famous Earl of Cumberland,
and author of the most celebrated letter by a female in the
English language, is commended by Mr. Pennant as the
most eminent person of her age for intellectual accomplish-
ments, for spirit, magnificence, and deeds of benevolence.
She erected a monument to Daniel the historian, another
to Spenser, founded two hospitals, and repaired or built
seven churches and six castles.
"She knew well how to discourse of all things, from predestina
tion to slea-silk.”—DR. DONNE.
Bishop Rainbow commends the countess as of
"Great understanding and judgment, faithful memory, and
ready wit."
band, Richard, Earl of Dorset, never printed. Sundry Me.
Horace Walpole ascribes to her pen Memoirs of her Hus-
morials of Herself and her Progenitors. The famous letter
Secretary of State to Charles the Second, who took the
referred to above was in answer to Sir Joseph Williamson,
liberty of nominating to her a member for the borough of
Appleby. The countess settled the matter on this wise:
I have been bullied by an usurper, I have been neglected by
a court; but I will not be dictated to by a subject: your man
•
396
CLI
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shan't stand!"—In The World, No. 14; see Park's Walpole's R. & N.
|
Authors.
Clifford, Arthur. Tixall Poetry, pub. by Sir Walter
Clifford, Arthur. Tixall Poetry, pub. by Sir Walter
Scott, Edin., 1813, 4to.
"Over this Aston speculation the Edinburgh Review of the
Sadler has thrown a heavy cloud; the fact is, it seems to me to
have ruined it."-James Ballantyne to Sir W. Scolt.
See an account of this vol. in Drake's Evenings in Au-
tumn. History of Tixall, Paris, 1817. Carmen Seculare,
1814, 8vo. Collectanea Cliffordiana, Paris, 1817, Svo.
State Papers and Letters of Sir Ralph Sadler; with a Me-
moir and Notes, by Sir W. Scott, Edin., 1809, '10, 2 vols.
4to, or 3 vols. r. 4to.
Written with all that lively solicitude about points of antiqua-
rian detail which accompanied him through so many tasks less
attractive than the personal career of a distinguished statesman
Intimately connected with the fortunes of Mary, Queen of Scots."
--J. G. LOCKHART,
Clifford, Rob. History of Jacobinism, from the French
of Barruel, 1789, 4 vols. Svo.
"The best account of the exertions of the French Philosophers
to produce a new order of things in Church and State, will be
found in these Memoirs."-CHARLES BUTLER.
To this work should be added the paper entitled Revo-
lution de Paris, pub. from 1789-94, giving original accounts
of events as they transpired from day to day. A complete
set of this paper, bound in 14 vols. 8vo, was lately offered
for sale: it rarely occurs. Add to these Prudhomme's
Crimes of the French Revolution, 1796, 6 vols. 8vo. Clif-
ford also pub. The French in Russia, 1813, fol. sheet.
Clifford, Charles. Remarks on Lord Thurlow's
Speech, 1788. The Angler; a Didactic Poem, 1804.
Clifford, Chr. Schole of Horsemanship, Lon., 4to.
Clifford, George, third Earl of Cumberland, 1558-
1605, the champion of Queen Elizabeth in the tournaments
of the day, also distinguished himself as a navigator. See
Biog. Brit. The Discov. and Con. of Peru, Lon., 1581, 4to.
Clifford, Francis. Ruins of Tivoli, 1804, 4to.
Clifford, Henry, Earl of Cumberland. Decl. as Lt.
Col. of his Majesty's Forces in Yorkshire, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Clifford, Henry. Political treatises, 1790-1807.
Clifford, J. B. The Church's Triumph; a Sermon.
"Let the Church calmly prepare for that tremendous final con-
test between good and evil to which all things seem hastening with
rapidity.”—Bishop of Oxford's Charge. p. 35, May, 1842.
Clifford, James. Serms., 1694, 12mo.
proved to be contrary to reason and religion, Lon., 1685, Svo.
Clifford, James. Services and Anthems, 1663 or'64,Svo.
"To this book, Ant. à Wood and others frequently refer in speak-pressing Popery Examined; or the Project of Exclusion
ing of our choral music. It contains the words of the services and
anthems of near seventy of our church composers, whose works
were in use in the cathedrals soon after the restoration."—LOWNDES.
Clifford, Jeronimy. Case, &c., Lon., 1768.
Clifford, M. M. 1. Egypt.
1. Egypt. 2. Poems, 1802, 'OS.
Clifford, Martin, d. 1677. Observations on Human
Observations on Human
Reason, Lon., 1675, Svo. Treatise of Human Reason,
Lon., 1676, 12mo. An Apology for this treatise, by Alber-
tus Warren, 1680, 12mo. The Treatise will be found in
the Phoenix, vol. ii., No. 2, 23, and in the Harleian Miscel-
lany, vol. ix. Notes upon Mr. Dryden's Poems, 1687, 4to.
See Athen. Oxon.
Clissold, Augustus. Illustrations of the End of the
Church, Lon., 1841, Svo. Two works on the writings of
Swedenborg, 1842, 1 vol.; 1851, 4 vols. 8vo. Apocalyptical
Interpretation, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. Expos. of the Apocalypse,
1851. 4 vols. 8vo.
Clifford, Samuel. Melancholy; from Baxter, Lon.,
1716. Svo. Dissuasive from Perjury, 1723, Svo.
Clifford, W. Farmer's Sure Guide, 1796, 12mo.
Clifford, William. Serm., Lon., 1682, 4to.
Cliffton, William, 1772-1799, of Philadelphia, wrote
a Poetical Epistle to William Gifford, Esq., which has been
much admired. He commenced a poem entitled The Chi-
meriad, which was not completed. A vol. of his poems
was pub. in New York, 1800, 12mo.
Clift, Henry. Book of Declarations, Pleadings, Ju-
dicial Writs. &c., 1703, fol.
Clift, William. Physiolog. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1815.
Clifton, Francis, M.D. Hippocrates, a trans. of,
1811; Lit. and Phil. Soc., N. Y., 1815; Amer. Acad. vf
Arts, 1816; Phi Beta Kappa Soc., 1823; Amer. Bible Soc.,
1823, '25; to The Freemasons, 1825. Hibernicus' Letters
on the Natural History and Internal Resources of the State
of New York, 1822, 8vo. Life and Writings of, by W. W.
Campbell, N. York, 1849, 8vo. Life and Times of, Buffalo.
Memoirs of,
Life of, by Prof. Renwick, N. York, 18mo.
by David Hosack, N. York, 4to.
Clinton, Sir Henry, d. 1795, an English officer who
served in the American War. Narrative of his conduct in
Observations on Earl Corn-
America, Lon., 1783, Svo.
wallis's Answer to the Narrative, 1783, 8vo. Letter to the
Commissioners, 1784, 8vo. Observations on Stedman's Hist.
American War, 1794, 4to.
Lon., 1727, fol.
"A faithful translation."
Other medical works.
Clifton, Jo. Serm., 1703, 4to.
Clinch, J. B. An Inquiry, legal and political, 1808,8vo.
Clinch, William, M.D. Prof. treatises, &c., 1724-50.
Cline, Henry, Surgeon.
Surgeon. Essay on the Form and
Breeding of Domestic Animals, Lon., 1815, Svo, pp. 14.
The contents describe very correctly the forms and bulks of the
different parts of the animal organization, deduced from experience
and anatomical principles. The author's ideas have ever been held
to be very correct; and if he had enlarged upon the subject, his
time would have been well spent, and the labour of reading would
be profitably employed.”—Donaldson's Agricult.Bing..Lon.,1854,8vo.
Clinton, C. J. F. 21 Serms.. Lon., 1842, Svo.
p.
"This volume will be a great favourite with many."-Church
and State Guzette.
1.
Clinton, Henry Fynes, 1781-1852, b. at Gainston,
Nottinghamshire, a distinguished classical scholar.
Fasti Hellenici: The Civil and Literary Chronology of
Greece, Oxford, three parts in 3 vols. 4to, 1834–51.
6.
Indispensable to the right understanding of Ancient History.
It is such a work as the poet Gray felt the necessity of, and which
he once had the intention of executing."
2. Fasti Romani: The Civil and Literary Chronology
of Rome and Constantinople, Oxf., 1845, '50, 2 vols. 4to.
3. Epitome of the Civil and Literary Chronology of Greece,
Oxford, 1851, Svo. 4. Epitome of the Civil and Literary
Chronology of Rome, Oxford, 1853, 8vo. Nos. 3 and 4 are
abridgments of 1 and 2. See Lit. Rem. of II. F. C., by
C. J. F. Clinton, 1854.
Clinton, De Witt, 1769-1828, a distinguished Ame-
rican statesman, pub. Discourses before N. York Hist. Soc.,
Clinton, W. IIcury, Maj. Genl. Remarks relative
to the Operation of the British Army in Spain, 1809, Svo.
Clipperton, John. Voyage to the South Seas and
East Indies in 1719. See Callander's Voyages, iii. 444, 1766.
Clipsham, Robert. The Grand Expedient for sup-
Clissold, Henry. Last Days of Eminent Christians,
Lon.. Svo, 1848. Family Worship. 8vo. Prophecies of
Christ and Christian Times, Svo. Last Hours of Scripture
Women, 1851, 12mo.
Clive, Catherine, 1711-1785, an eminent English
actress. Case of Mrs. Clive submitted to the Public, Lon.,
1744, Svo. She introduced a few "petite pieces on the
stage." See Biog. Dramat.; Davies's Life of Garrick, vol. ii.
Clive,J.H. Marvor's Stenography abbrev., 1811,12mo.
Clive, Robert. Serm., 1770, 8vo.
Clive, Robert, Lord, Baron of Plassey, 1725-
1774. A Letter to the Proprietors of the East India Stock,
Lon., 1764, Svo. Speech in House of Commons relative to
the E. India Company. 1773, 4to. Charles Caraccioll wrote
a life of Lord Clive, Lon., 1775, '76, 4 vols. Svo, which Dr.
Watt compliments as "a confused jumble." Sir John Mal-
colm pub. in 1836, 3 vols. Svo, a life of Lord Clive, col-
lected from the Family Papers.
K
The love of Sir John Malcolm passes the love of biographers."-
Reviero by T. B. Macaulay, Edin. Rev., Jan. 1840.
The Rev. Mr. Gleig also has presented the public with a
memoir of Lord Clive.
Clodius, John. Dissertatio, &c. Politicis, Lon., 1658.
Clogie, Alexander. Vox Corvi, Lon., 1694, 12mo.
Cloke, Thomas. De Atrophia, Lugd. Bat., 1675, 4to.
Close, Francis, Archdeacon of Carlisle, formerly
Vicar of Cheltenham. Discourses on Genesis, Lon., 1826,
Svo; 6th ed., 1841, 12mo.
"It contains full, clear, and striking Expositions and Illustra-
tions of divine truth."-Lon. Christian Guardian.
Miscellaneous Serms., 1840, 2 vols. Svo. 52 Sketches of
Serms., 1842, Svo. Other works, 1840-48.
Close is a popular and admired preacher. Ilis discourses af
ford a faithful exposition of the doctrines of the evangelical school
in the Church of England.”—LOWNDES.
k
Close, Henry J. Fam. Prayers, Lon., 18mo; 2d ed. 1841.
"Well adapted for the purposes of family prayer.”—Lon. Gospel
Magazine.
Close, William. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1800, '01, '02,
'05; Natural Philos. and Chemistry.
Closse, George. The Parricide Papist, Lon., 1606.4to.
Clossy, Samuel. Discases of the Body, 1763, Svo.
Clough, Arthur H., Fellow and Tutor in Oriel Col-
lege, Oxford, and late Professor in University College,
London. The Bothie of Toper-Na-Fuosich; a Long Va-
Plutarch's Lives;
cation Pastoral, Lon., 1848, 2 vols. Svo.
the trans. called Dryden's, corrected from the Greek, and
revised by A. H. C. Messrs. Little, Brown & Co., of
Boston, Mass., will shortly issue this work in 5 vols. Svo.
397
;
CLO
COB
Clough, Henry J., M.D. Midwifery, Lon., 8vo.
Clough, James. Diseases of Children, &c., 1796, 8vo.
Cloutt, Thomas. Sermons, 1806, '09, Svo.
Clowes, John, 1743-1831, Fellow of Trinity College,
Cambridge, Rector of St. John's, Manchester, 1769. New
Jerusalem Sermons, Lon., 1796, 2 vols. Svo. This divine
pub. several other works in defence of the doctrines of
Swedenborg.
| North American (medical) Journal, of which he was one
of the founders; pub. 1826-31, 12 vols. Courses of Lec-
tures on Physiology, the Practice of Medicine, and on
Bandages. Clinical Courses on Medicine in the Penna.
Hospital, 1828-41. Two Courses of Physiological Experi-
This divinements on Absorption, with Drs. Lawrance and Harlan,
Dr. Coates being reporter, 1821–2. On a Machine bed for
Fractures. On Gangrene of the Mouth of Children. On
Delirium Tremens. On the Mortality of the Coloured Po-
pulation in Separate Imprisonment. On the Origin of the
American Indian Races. On the Larva of the Hessian
Fly. A Memoir of Thomas Say, the naturalist. A De-
scription of a Hydrostatic Balance, dispensing with Cal-
culation. An Oration on Certainty in Medicine, 1830; an-
ticipating by several years the modern Arithmetical School.
Coates, Charles. History and Antiquities of Read-
ing, with Supplement, Lon., 1802. Reading, 1810, 4to.
Coates, or Cotes, Digby, Public Orator of the Uni-
"A Piece of excellent Irony, at the expense of Modern Antiqua- trans. revised by Wotton of Du Pin's Hist. of Eccles
"A Piece of excellent Irony, at the expense of Modern Antiqua-versity of Oxford, appears to have partly executed the
ed. which is preferred, but which comes down only to the
Writers, pub. in London, 1697-1725, 17 vols. in 7.
end of the 16th century, was printed by Grierson, Dubl.,
1722-24, 3 vols. fol.
Clubbe, J., Surgeon. Profess. treatises, 1778, '86, 8vo.
Clubbe, John. Serm., 1751, 4to. Hist. and Anti-
quities of the ancient Villa of Whatfield, in the county of
Suffolk, 1758.
ries.”—DR. Watt.
An
A Letter, 1763. Physiognomy. Miscell. Tracts., 1770,
2 vols. 12mo.
“Du Pin was a laborious, and, for a Catholic, a liberal, writer;
the work is full of erudition."-BISHOP WATSON.
Clowes, William, an eminent English surgeon temp.
Elizabeth, pub. several professional treatises, the best of
which is The Approved Practice for all young Chirurgeons,
1591, '96, and 1637, 4to.
He is a strong advocate for writing medical and chirurgical
books in the vernacular language, and his practice was always in-,
genious, and often successful.”
Clubbe, William, d. 1814, aged 70. Trans. &c. from
Horace, Lon., 1795, '97, 4to. Omnium, 1798, Svo. Other
works, 1804, '06.
Clunie, James. Sufferings of Christ, Lon., 1810.
Clunie, John. The Storm Improved, 1810.
Cluny, Alexander. The American Traveller, Lon.,
1769, 4to; reprinted, 1770, in French, 1783.
The author was the first to give accurate intelligence of Hud-
son's Bay, and to institute an inquiry about a more successful
commerce with the Americans. The book was said to have beeu
published under the auspices of Lord Chatham: and both the
English and Americans, at that crisis, were so eager to possess it,
that it was bought and read by one party with the same avidity
that it was bought and destroyed by the other. It now rests in
peace: an example (if ten thousand others were wanting) of the
short-lived popularity of things mundane."-Dibdin's Library
↓
Companion; q. v. for an account of Cluny's travels.
“Even in 1775, according to Daines Barrington, it was a book
not commonly to be met with.”—Rich's Bibliotheca Americana
Nova; q. v. for the full title.
Clutterbuck, Henry, M.D. Prof. treat., 1794-1807.
Clutterbuck, J. Liturgy, 1694. Psalms, 1702.
Clutterbuck, Robert, 1772-1831, an eminent anti-
quary and topographer, a native of Watford, Hertfordshire,
was educated at Exeter College, Oxford. The Hist. and
Antiquities of the County of Hertford, Lon., 1815, '21, '27,
r. fol.; 3 vols. pub. at £25 4s.; large paper, with proof
plates, £47 58. This work was the labour of 18 years. He
draws from Chauncy where the history of the latter suits
his purpose.
"This elegant and complete History will hand down his name
in honourable connection with his native county, to the latest
posterity. The plates have never been surpassed in any similar
publication, whether we consider the appropriateness of the em-
bellishments, or the beauty and fidelity of their execution."-Lon.
Gent. Mag.; see Review of vol. i. in vol. lxxxvi.; of vol. ii. in vol.
xci.; and of vol. iii in vol. xcvii.
"It is unquestionably the most standard work of that kind ex-
tant, whatever deficiencies may have been found in its execution."
-HALLAM: Lit. Hist. of Europe.
Coates pub. Oratio, &c., Chris. Codrington, Oxon., 1716,
8vo. Sermon, 1713; 15 ditto, 1721. Svo.
Coates, Reynell, M.D., b. 1802, Philadelphia, sur-
geon, naturalist, and political, scientific, and popular es-
sayist and lecturer. Popular Medicine, Svo, Phil. Phy-
siology for Schools, 12mo, Phil., 1840. Nat. Philos. for
Schools, 12mo, Phil., 1845. Monographs, Reviews, &c.,
in N. A. Med. and Surg. Jour., Amer. Jour. of Med. and
Phys. Sci., Jour. of Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil. Cycl. of Prac.
Med. and Surg., 1826-40. Ed. of many Journals and An-
nuals, c. g. Leaflets of Memory, 1845-53. Auth. of Na-
tive American National Address, 1845. Founder of the
Patriotic Order of the United Sons of America, 1845.
Coats, James. Dict. of Heraldry, Lon., 1725, '39, 8vo.
Coatsworth, Edw. De Variolis, Traj. ad Rhen.,
170S, 4to.
Clutterbuck, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1687, 4to.
Clutton, John. Serm., Lon., 1789, 8vo.
Clutton, Joseph. Med. treatises, Lon., 1729, '36.
Clyfton, Richard. Baptizing Infants, 1610, 4to.
Clyfton, William. Advertisement, &c., 1612, 4to;
rel. to the "English exiled Church at Amsterdam."
Clymer, Meredith, M.D. On Fevers; edit. with ad-
dits. from Tweedie's Library of Pract. Medicine, Phila.,
1846, 8vo. Fourth Amer. ed. of C. J. B. Williams's Prin-
ciples of Medicine, Phila., 1854, Svo; also editor of
liams's work on Fevers, and of his Treatises on Diseases
of the Respiratory Organs, both pub. in Phila., 8vo.
Coachman, Robert. Church of Christ, Lon.,1642,4to.
Coad, John. A Memorandum of the wonderful Pro-
vidences of God to a poor unworthy Creature, (from 12th
of June, 1685, unto the 24th of November, 1690,) in and
after the Revolution betweene the Duke of Monmouth and
King James. By John Coad, Lon., 1849, 8vo.
The best account of the sufferings of those rebels who were
sentenced to transportation is to be found in a very curious nar-
rative written by John Coad, an honest God-fearing carpenter, who
joined Monmouth, was badly wounded at Philip's Norton, was
tried by Jeffreys, and was sent to Jamaica. The original manu-
script was kindly lent to me by Mr. Phippard, to whom it belongs." |
—Macaulay's England, vol. i. p. 647, (note.)
Coad, Joseph. 1. Finance. 2. Taxation, 1804, '06.
Coakley, John Lettsom. Account of the late John
Fothergill, M.D., Lon., 1783, 8vo.
Coates, Benjamin H., M.D., b. at Philadelphia,
1787. Cases, Memoirs, Essays, Pamphlets for private
Distribution, and Courses of public Lectures. Contribu-
tions to Chapman's Medical Journal, 1819-26, and to the
Coatsworth, W. Pharmacopoeia Pauperum, 1718,8vo.
Cob, Chris. The Sect spoken against; or the Doc-
trine of Ely, Lon., 1651, Svo.
Cobb, James, 1756-1813, a dramatic poet, author of
the Humourist, Strangers at IIome, 1786, and other dra-
matic works. See Biog. Dramat.
Cobb, John. 8 Sermons, Bamp. Lect., Oxf., 1783, Svo.
Cobb, Lyman, an American writer, is favourably
known as the author of a series of Popular Readers.
Cobb, Samuel, d. 1713, of Trinity College, Cam-
bridge. Collections of Poems, 1707.
Collections of Poems, 1707. Carpenter of Oxf.,
(1712, 8vo,) and the Miller's Tale, from Chaucer. Trans.
of the Muscipula. The Oak and the Briar; a Tale. The
Female Reign, in Dodsley's Collec., and in Gent. Mag.,
1753, with alterations by Dr. Watts.
Cobb, Sylvanus, Jr., b. 1823, Waterville. Maine,
son of Rev. Sylvanus Cobb, ed. and prop. of the Christian
Freeman, Boston; was editor and publisher of a paper
called The Rechabite; also edited the New England Wash-
ingtonian, Boston. Has principally contributed to Glea-
son's Pictorial, Flag of our Union, and is now (1858) en-
Wil-gaged in writing for the N.Y. Ledger, (circulation 350,000
copies weekly.) Upwards of twenty novelettes have been
republished from his newspaper-writings.
Cobb, Thomas. His Case, fol.
Cobbe. Prophecies, Signs, and Tokens, 1614, 4to.
Cobbe, Richard. Bombay Church, 1765, 8vo.
Cobbet, Thomas, 1608-1685, a Nonconformist di-
vine, emigrated to New England, and there died. Self-
Employment in Secret.
Edifying and consoling.”—BICKERSTETH.
i+
On Infant Baptism. Lon., 1648, 4to.
"A large, nervous, golden discourse."-MATHER.
Magistrate's Power in Matters of Religion, 1653, 4to.
Prayer, 1654, 8vo. Discourse, 1656, 8vo.
Cobbett, William, 1762–1835, a voluminous political
writer, was the son of a farmer and publican at Farnham,
in Surrey. He ran away from his father, enlisted as a
soldier, and served for some time in Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick. Returning to England, he received his dis-
charge, and in 1792 visited France, from whence he sailed
for America, arriving in New York in October of the same
year. In 1796 he settled in Philadelphia, and, establish-
398
COB
COC
ing Peter Porcupine's Gazette, took a lively interest in the
political questions of the day. His intemperance in con-
troversy provoked suits for slander by Dr. Rush and others,
and the satirist was fined the sum of $5000. The works
of Peter Porcupine, 1783-1801, in 12 vols. 8vo, Lon., 1801,
should be carefully perused by the student of American
history.
"Cobbett, in these volumes, has left a picture of the politics and
leading politicians of America, which (with caution) must be stu-
died by all who would understand the party questions with which
they were discussed.”—Kent.
In 1800 he sailed for England, where he started The
Porcupine, an advocate of Mr. Pitt. He subsequently
He subsequently
established The Weekly Register, in which he communi-
cated with the public for thirty years. In 1817 he again
visited America, in consequence of the Six Acts. These
were repealed in 1819, and the exile returned, carrying
with him the bones of the notorious Tom Paine, for which
riddance America owes Cobbett's memory no little respect.
In 1832 the noisy gentleman was returned to Parliament,
where, by a wonderful metamorphosis, like Bottom in the
Play, he "roared as gently as any sucking dove." He
He
died at his farm in Surrey, June 18, 1835. His Political
His Political
Works, being an Abridgment of 100 vols. which compose
the writings of Peter Porcupine, and The Weekly Political
Register, with Notes by his Sons, were pub. in 1842, Lon.,
6 vols. 8vo; to 1848, 9 vols. He also wrote the Emigrant's
Guide; Poor Man's Friend; Cottage Economy; Village
Sermons; An English Grammar; A Grammar to teach
Frenchmen the English Language; Trans. of Marten's
Law of Nations; A Year's Residence in America; Par-
liamentary History of England to 1803, 12 vols., and De-
bates, 1803-10, 16 vols. royal 8vo; and some other works.
See a list of his pamphlets, &c., in Watt's Bibl. Brit.; a
memoir in Gent. Mag., Aug. 1835, and a notice in the
Lon. Times, same year. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
for a notice of Cobbett's works on Agriculture and Horti-
culture Cottage Economy, Lon., 1822, Svo. An edit. of
Tull's Horse-hoeing Husbandry, 1822. Rural Rides, &c.;
The Woodlands, or a Treatise on Planting, 1825, Svo.
Treatise on Cobbett's Corn, 1828, 8vo.
"This author did not in any way advance the practice of agri-
culture, either by precept or example; but he adorned the parts
that have been mentioned, by his homely knowledge of the art.
and most agreeable delineation. He did not grasp the art as a
He did not grasp the art as a
comprehensive whole, nor did he aspire to the higher branches.
among which to indulge a lofty seat of view and ideal elevation."
—Donal·lson's Agricult. Biog.
The following is a specimen of the compliments with
which controversial writers must expect to be occasionally
favoured:
6+
He is a man filled with odium humani generis. His malevo-
lence and lying are beyond any thing."-JEREMY BENTHAM.
The general characteristics of his style were perspicuity un-
equalled and inimitable; a homely, muscular vigour, a purity, al-
ways simple, and raciness, often elegant.”—Lon. Times.
LA
The style of Cobbett is the perfection of the rough Saxon
English, and a model of Political Writings for the People."
Cobbin, Ingram. Child's Commentator, Lon., 7 vols.
18mo; new ed. 1851, 1 vol. sq.
"It is distinguished by a praiseworthy simplicity and plainness,
both in the ideas and the phraseology.”—Lowndes.
The French Preacher; Serms. trans. from the French
Divines, Lon., 1816, Svo.
"Containing much Biographical and Historical information....
Mr. Horne considers Cobbin's notices of French Sermons as very
candid and correct.”—Bickersteth,
Reformed Church of France, Lon., 1816, Svo. An edit.
of Albert Barnes's Exposition of the New Testament, Lon.,
9 vols. 12mo, 1853. Condensed Comment. on the Bible; with
upwards of 30,000 Notes, Lon., imp. Svo, and r. 4to, 1837;
2d edit., 1839, and later edits. (A Portable Commentary
in 12mo.) Of this excellent work there are lying before
us commondations from perhaps 35 to 40 authorities. We
have room for but two or three.
"It is derived from the best accessible sources."-T. H. HORNE.
"The most valuable book of the kind that has yet appeared."-
Lon. Eclectic Review.
"I cannot doubt but that by the use of this work the reading
of the word of God will be rendered much more beneficial to all
classes in the present active and inquiring age."-REV. J. PYE
SMITH, LL.D.
The Domestic Bible, imp. 8vo, 1849, '52.
"All the chief religious periodicals of the day have. without
exception, concert, or collusion. employed the most superlative ex-
pressions that language supplies, in praise of this work."-Lon.
Christian Witness.
Mr. C. has pub. many educational and religious works.
Cobbold, Elizabeth. Waterloo; an Ode, Lon.,
1815, 4to.
Cobbold, John S.
Cobbold, Richard.
ed., 1849, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
Theolog. treatises, 1797-1815.
Zenon, the Martyr, Lon., 2d
"The incidents of this work are at once various and striking;
and moral and religious truths of great importance are both simply
and powerfully expressed."-Lom. Messenger.
Freston Tower, 1852, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Voice from the
Mount: Pastoral Letters, 1848, 12mo.
"It may be read to edification by every age."-Church and State
Gazette.
Mary Anne Wellington, new ed., 185, 12mo. Hist. of
Margt. Catchpole, p. 8vo; new ed. 1852, 8vo. Other works.
College, Oxford, removed to King's College, Cambridge.
Cobden, Edward, D.D., d. 1764, educated at Trinity
Serms., 1736, 48, 53. Poems, 1748, 8vo. Concio ad
Clerum, 1753, 8vo. Essays and Discourses, 1755, '57, 4to.
28 Discourses, 1757, 4to.
Cobden, Richard, b. 1804, at Dunford, Sussex, M.P.
for Stockport, 1841-47, and for the West Riding, 1847-57,
has distinguished himself, in and out of Parliament, by his
efforts for the repeal of the Corn-Laws and by the advocacy
of other "political reforms." 1. England, Ireland, and
America. 2. Russia. These two pamphlets were pub.
about 1835. 3. Extracts from the Works of Col. T. Peron-
net Thompson. This anti-Corn-Law pamphlet was pub.
about 1843. 4. Speeches delivered during 1849, 12mo.
5. How Wars are Got Up in India: the Origin of the
Burmese War, 1853: pamph. 6. 1793 and 1853: in Three
Letters, 1853: pamph. 7. What Next? 1855: pamph.
Cocburnus, anglicé Cockburn.
Cochran, William. Serm., 1795. Trans., I. A., ix. 133.
Cochrane, Alex. Baillie, M.P. Meditations of
Other Days, Lon., 1841, Svo. The Morea, with Remarks
on Greece, 1841, p. Svo. Young Italy, 1850, p. 8vo. Ernest
Vane; a Novel, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
Its pages abound with brilliancy of thought, and depth of feeling."
"Ernest Vane is of high merit as a production of genius. .
-Lon. Morning Post.
Cochrane, Archibald, Earl of Dundonald, 1749-
1831, an eminent chemist.
|
Manufacture of Salt, Lon.,
1785, Svo.
1785, Sro. Coal Tar, and Coal Varnish, 1785, Svo. Me-
morial, &c., E. I. Company, 1786, 4to. Agriculture and
Chemistry, 1795, 4to. Chemistry and Agriculture, 1799, 4to.
6
The author was the first scientific person who directed atten-
tion to chemical agriculture."-Donaldson's Agricull. Bing.
"The discoveries effected by his scientific research, with its di-
rection altogether to utility, have been in many instances benefi-
cial to the community.”—Annual Address of the Legistrars of the
Literary Fund Society, 1823: see Mem. in Gent. Mag., Aug. 1831.
Cochrane, Hon. Basil. The Vapour Bath, 1809,
'10, 4to; its application to diseases.
and Travels in Colombia. 1823, 24, Lon., 1825, 2 vols. Svo.
Cochrane, Charles Stuart, Capt. R. N. Residence
“A work of little or no value.”—LOWNDES.
Devotion, Edin., 1835, p. Svo; selected from upwards of
Cochrane, James. Manual of Family and Private
40 Authors.
There is no book of the kind which I have better relished or
more highly approved of.”—DR. THOMAS Chalmers.
Discourses, Edin.. 1848, Svo. Discourses, 1851, Svo.
Cochrane, James, Hon. and Rev. Serm., 1777. 4to.
Uses of Clay Marl, Agricultural Salts, &c., 1791, 4to. Other
publications, 1779-1805.
Cochrane, John. Game of Chess, Lon., 1822, Svo.
Cochrane, Hon. John. Seaman's Guide, Lon.,
1797, Svo.
Cochrane, John Dundas, Capt., R.N., 1780–1825.
Pedestrian Journey through Russia and Siberian Tartary,
&c.: 2d ed., Lon.. 1824, Syo.
"The eccentricities of this most hardy and indefatigable traveller
sometimes approach to insanity."
"It contains, from the writer's want of scientific knowledge,
little that is satisfactory on the face of the country aud its natural
productions."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
Cochrane, Thomas, Surgeon. Med. Com., 1774,"75.
Cochrane, Thomas, M.D. Med. Com., 1785.
Cochrane, Thomas, Lord, has been Earl of Drn-
donald since 1831. 1. Letter to Lord Ellenborough. 2.
Address to the Electors of Westminster, 1811, '15.
Cock, Charles G. Household of God, Lon., 1651, fol.
Cock, John. Sermons, 1704, '07, '10.
Cock, M. R. Amer. Poultry Book, N. Y., 1851, 18mo.
Cock, S. 1. Navigation System. 2. Bullion, 1804, '11.
Cock, Capt. Samuel. Voyage to Lethe, 1741, Svo.
Cock, Thomas. Discourse on Air, Lon., 1665, 4to.
Cock, William. Meteorologie, or the true way of
Foreseeing and Judging the Weather, Lon., 1671, Svo.
Cockaine. See CocKAYNE.
Cockayne, George. Sermon, Lon., 1648, 4to.
Cockayne, J. England's Troubles Anatomized, Lon.,
1644, 4to.
Cockayne, O. Civil Hist. of the Jews, from Joshua
to Hadrian, Lon., 1841, 12mo. Greek Syntax, with Metrical
Examples, 1846, 12mo.
1846, 12mo. Hist. of France, 1846, 18mo.
399
COC
COC
Cockburn, Archibald. Philosophical Essay conc.
the Intermediate State of Blessed Souls, Lon., 1722, 8vo.
Cockburn, Mrs. Catherine, 1679-1749, was a native
of London, a daughter of Captain David Trotter, R. N. In
her 17th year her tragedy of Agnes de Castro was produced
with great success at the Theatre Royal. In 1698 she gave
to the world the Tragedy of Fatal Friendship, and in 1701,
The Unhappy Penitent. In the same year she contributed,
with several other ladies, to the Nine Muses; a tribute to
the memory of John Dryden. In 1706 her tragedy en-
titled The Revolution of Sweden was acted at the Queen's
Theatre. In 1708 she was married to the Rev. Mr. Cock-
burn, who was subsequently presented to the living of
Long-Horsley, Northumberland. In the previous year
she returned to the communion of the Church of England,
which she had when quite young forsaken for the Church
of Rome. In 1726 she pub. a Letter to Dr. Holdsworth
in vindication of Mr. Locke's Essay respecting the resur-
rection of the body. In 1747 appeared her Remarks upon
the Principles and Reasonings of Dr. Rutherforth's Essay London, pub. 14 books of exercises in penmanship, and
Cocker, Edward, 1631-1677? an arithmetician of
on the Nature and Obligations of Virtue.
several educational treatises. He is best known by his
Vulgar Arithmetic, pub. after his deccase by his friend
John Hawkins. The 1st ed. (1677 or 1678) is very rare.
A copy sold at Puttick and Simpson's, March, 1851, for
£8 108. The 52d ed. was pub. in 1748, and there have
been several reprints since; the last of which we have any
account is dated Glasgow, 1777.
"Ingenious Cocker! now to rest thou'rt gone,
No art can show thee fully but thy own!
Thy rare Arithmetick aloue can show
The vast sums of thanks we for thy labour owe.”
The 2d ed. of his Dictionary was pub. in 1715 and another
in 1725.
"It [Mrs. Cockburn's refutation] contains all the clearness of
expression, the strength of reason, the precision of logic, and at-
tachment to truth, which makes books of this nature really useful
to the common cause of virtue and religion.”—BISHOP WARBURTON.
In 1751 Dr. Birch pub. an edition of Mrs. Cockburn's
Works in 2 vols. 8vo. This collection, however, contains
none of her dramatic pieces excepting The Fatal Friend-
ship. Of her poetical essays, The Flowers of the Forest
is best known to the public, and has even been placed in
competition with Miss Jane Elliott's beautiful ballad of the
same title. See Life by Birch; Biog. Brit.; Forbes's Life
of Beattie; Cibber's Lives.
Cockburn, Henry Thomas, Lord, Scottish Judge,
1779-1854. 1. On the Best Ways of Spoiling the Beauties
of Edinburgh. 2. Life and Correspondence of Lord Jeffrey,
Lon., 1852, 2 vols. Svo. He was an early contributor to
the Edin. Rev. Memorials of his Times 1856, Svo.
"We are by no means satisfied that we have made the best
imaginable selection from this amusing and valuable volume.
That, however, which has been given will suffice to recommend the
reader to it as one full of value and amusement.”—Lon. Athen.
Cockburn, Lt.-Gen. James. Voyage to Cadiz
and Gibraltar, up the Mediterranean to Sicily and Malta,
Lon., 1815, 2 vols. 8vo.
Cockburn, John, D.D., d. 1729. Serms. and theolog.
essays, 1691-1717. History of Duels, showing their hei-
nous nature, 1720, 8vo.
Cockburn, John, D.D. Serms., &c., 1698-1718.
Cockburn, John. Journey over Land, from the
Gulph of Honduras to the Great South Sea, Lon., 1735, Svo.
"This curious and authentic narrative appeared so extraordinary,
that it was looked upon by many who perused it as little better
than a romance.”—LowNDES.
Cockburn, Patrick, d. 1559, Professor of the Ori-
ental languages at Paris, was considered by Dempster and
Bale as one of the greatest scholars and ablest divines of
his age.
Oratio de Utilitate et Excellentia Verbi Dei,
Paris, 1551, 8vo. De Vulgari Sacræ Scripturæ Phrasi,
Paris, 1552, 8vo. In Orationem Dominicam, pia Meditatio,
St. And., 1555, 12mo. In Symbolum Apostolicum, Com-
ment., Lon., 1561, 4to.
"He was so well seen in the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew lan-
guages, that there were but few either in France or in Europe, that
could equal him.”—DEMPSTer.
Cockburn's works are rarely to be met with. See Orme's
Bibl. Bib.
Strictures on Clerical Education at the University of Cam-
bridge, 1809, 8vo.
"A very important tract.”
Other publications, 1802, '09.
Cockburn, Patrick, d. 1749, aged 71, husband of
Mrs. Catherine Cockburn, was Vicar of Long-Horsley,
Northumberland. Penitential Office, Lon., 1721, Svo. Pray-
ing for Superiors, &c., 1728, '39, Svo. An Inquiry into the
truth and certainty of the Mosaic Deluge, 1750, Svo.
"One of the most valuable treatises on the Deluge that has been
published."-ORME: Bibl. Bib.
Cockburn, William, D.D., Dean of York. A Letter
to Prof. Buckland concerning the Origin of the World,
Lon., 1838, 8vo. A New System of Geology, dedicated to
Prof. Sedgwick.
Cockburn, Sir William, of Langtown. Respub-
lica de Decimis, Edin., 1627, 4to.
Cocke, Charles George. England's Complete
Lawyer and Law-Judge, Lon., 1656, 4to.
Cocke, Thomas. Kitchen Physic, Lon., 1676, 12mo.
Cocke, William Archer. The Constitutional His-
tory of the United States, from the Adoption of the Articles
of Confederation to the close of Jackson's Administration,
Phila., 2 vols. Svo: vol. i., 1858.
|
Cockell, William, M.D. Professional Essay, Lon.,
1788, 4to.
1
"He certainly doth hit the white
Who mingles profit with delight."
Cockerell, Charles Robert, R.A., b. 1788, Lon
a distinguished architect. Iconography of Wells Catho
dral, 4to. Descriptions to Michael Angelo, 1857, fol. In
connexion with J. S. Harford, D.C.L.
Cockerham, Henry. Eng. Dictionary, Lon.,1632,8vo.
Cockes, or Cox, Leonard. The Art of Crafte of
Rhetoryke, Lon., 1532, 12mo. Com. on Lilly, 1540. Trans.
Marcus
of Erasmus's Parap. of the Epistle to Titus, 1549.
Eremita de Lege et Spiritu, 1540.
Cockin, or Cokayne, Francis. Divine Blossoms;
a prospect of a looking-glass for youth, Lon., 1657, 12mo.
Cockin, Joseph. Serm., 1814, Svo.
Cockin, William. 1. Language. 2. Arithmetic,
1755, '66.
Cockings, George. War; an Heroic Poem, 1760,
Svo. Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce; a Poem, Lon.,
1769, 8vo. The Conquest of Canada, or the Siege of Quebec;
a Tragedy, Lon., 1766, Svo.
Cockle, Mrs. The Juvenile Journal, or Tales of Truth,
1807, 12mo.
"A strict observance of truth in the most trifling as well as the
more important concerns of life is the basis of every moral and
religious duty."
Moral Truths, &c., 1810, 12mo.
"This work may serve to show that the performance of duty is
the most important business of life."-Lom. Critical Review.
Important Studies for the Female Sex, 12mo.
"We present it to the Female World as a worthy companion to
Dr. Gregory's Legacy to his Daughters, and as a friend whose pre-
cepts would lead them to virtue, honour, and happiness.”—Anti•
Jacobin Review.
Other publications.
Cockman, Thomas, D.D., Master of University Col-
lege, Oxford. Serm., 1733, Svo. Select Theolog. Discourses,
1750, 2 vols. 8vo. Trans. of Cicero's Offices.
|
Cockohan, Thomas, D.D. Serm., Oxf., 1733, Svo
Cockrile, Richard. Trigonometry, 1793, 8vo.
Cocks. Musical Publications, Lon.
Cockburn, Robert. An Historical Dissertation on
the Books of the N. Testament; vol. í., 1755, 8vo.
Cocks, C., Prof. of Living Languages in the Royal
Colleges of France. Bordeaux, its Wines, and the Claret
Country, Lon., 1846, p. 8vo. Translations from the French:
Ultramontanism, by E. Quinet; Priests, Women, and Fa-
Perez and Philip II. of Spain, by M. Mignet.
Cockburn, Thomas. Sketch, &c., Lon., 1813, 8vo.
Cockburn, William, M.D. Economia Corporis Ani-milies, by J. Michelet; The People, by the same; Antonio
malis, Lon., 1695. 8vo. Other profess. treatises, 1696–1732.
Cockburn, William. Reign of Queen Anne, Lon.,
1710, Svo.
Cockburn, William. Serm., Edin., 1712, Svo.
Cockburn, William. Clerk's Assistant, or Practice
of the Ecclesiastical Courts, &c., Dubl., 1753, 8vo.
Cockburn, William. Essay on the Epistles of Igna-
tius, Lon., 1806, Svo.
L
An excellent tract, tending to remove every shadow of reason-
able doubt from a subject of much collateral importance to religion."
Credibility of the Jewish Exodus; in answer to Gibbon,
&c., 1809, 8vo. Commended in Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
"This remarkable historiette comes recommended to the general
reader, as well as to the historical student, by M. Mignet's very
complete mode of treatment and pleasing style of composition,
which it is no small credit to Mr. Cocks to have so well preserved in
his translation."-Lon. Daily News.
Cocks, John. See SOMERS, Lord.
Cocks, Sir Richard, Bart. Church of England
Secured; 2d ed., Lon., 1722, Svo. Discovery of the Longi-
tude, 1721, 8vo. Charge to the G. Jury, 1723.
Cocks, Sir Robert, D.D. Serms., 1714, '15, '16.
Cocks, Roger. Hebdomada Sacra; a Weekes Devo.
400
COC
COK
tion, Lon., 1630, 8vo. Answer to A Discourse by Sir E.
Peyton, 1642, 4to.
Cocks, W. P. Treatise on Operative Surgery, Lon.,8vo.
"An assistant teacher for the student in anatomy and surgery—
a book to accompany him to the hospitals, to supply the defects of
experience or memory."-Lon. Atlas.
Anatomy of the Brain, &c., 18mo. Illustrations of Am-
putations, 8vo; of Dislocations and Fractures, 8vo.
Cockson, Edward. Quakerism Dissected and laid
open, Lon., 1708, 8vo.
Cockson, Thomas, Surgeon. Med. Com., 1775.
Cockton, Henry. Love Match, Lon., 8vo. Sisters,
8vo. Stanley Thorn, 1841, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Steward, 1850,
8vo. Sylvester Sound, 1844, 8vo. The Ventriloquist; being
Life and Adventures of Valentine Vox, 8vo, 1840. Lady
Felicia, 1851, 52, p. 8vo. Percy Effingham, 1853, 2 vol. p. 8vo.
"It abounds in droll scenes, which will keep the most melan-
choly reader in a side-aching fit of laughter as long as he has the
book in his hands."-Lon. Times.
"One of the most amusing works we have ever read."-Cumbridge
Chronicle.
Cocles, Barth. Phisiognomie Englished by Thomas
Hyll; 8. a. an ed., 1613, 8vo. Numerous foreign edits. in
Latin and French. Chyromantia, Lat., Ven., 1525, 8vo.
La Geomantia, Ven., 1550, 8vo.
Cocus: anglicé, Cock, or Cooke.
Coddington, William, d. 1678, aged 77, the principal
of the first eighteen settlers of Rhode Island, and its first
Governor. A Demonstration of True Love unto you, the
Rulers of the Colony of Massachusetts in New England,
1674, 4to. See Besse's Sufferings of the Quakers, ii. 265–
70; Winthrop; Hutchinson.
Code, H. B. Spanish Patriots a thousand years ago;
an Historical Drama, 1812, Svo.
Codrington, Christopher, 1668-1710, a native of
Barbadoes, Fellow of All Souls' College, 1689; left £10.000
to his college for the erection of a library, and his West
India Estates to the Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel in Foreign Parts. He addressed some verses to
Garth on the publication of his Dispensary, and is the
author of some Latin poems in the Musa Anglicanæ, 1741.
Codrington, Robert, 1602-1665, was educated at
Oxford. Trans. of Du Moulin's Knowledge of God, Lon.,
Life and Death of Robert, Earl of Essex, 1646, 4to.
Heptameron, 1654, Svo. Life of Esop, prefixed to Barlow's
ed. of the Fables, 1666, fol. A Collec. of Proverbs, 1664,
'S5, 12mo. Wood, referring to the Life of Essex, remarks:
1634.
"In this book Codrington shows himself a rank parliamenteer."
"His account is not only defective in point of method, but is
also very barren of facts, such only excepted as are collected from
the news-writers of those times."-PARK.
The Life of Essex is reprinted in the Harl. Miscel., vol. i.
Codrington, T. A Serm. in Catholick Serms., (2 vols.
Svo, Lon., 1741,) vol. i. 259.
Coe,
|
Richard. Diary relative to Waller's Army, 1644.
Coe, Richard, of Philadelphia, has pub. a number
of poems which have been commended as possessing un-
usual merit. The Old Farm-Gate: Stories and Poems,
Phila., 1852, 16mo.
Coe,Thomas, M.D. Dissert. Inaug. Medica, &c., Lugd.
Bat., 1728, 4to. Treat. on Biliary Concretions, 1757. Svo.
Coelson, Launcelot. Almanacks, &c., 1656, '81, '84.
Coffey, Charles, d. 1745, an Irish dramatic writer,
altered a number of plays, of which The Devil to Pay, or
the Wives Metamorphosed, was a great favourite, chiefly
on account of the character of "Nell."
Coffin, J. G., M.D., of Boston, Mass., d. 1829, aged
59.
Cold and Warm Bathing, 1818, 12mo. Medical Edu-
Medical Edu-
cation, 1822.
Coffin, Joshua. See LONGFELLOW, HENRY WADS-
WORTH.
Coffin, Major Pine. Stutterheim's account of the
Battle of Austerlitz; trans. from the French, 1806, Svo.
Coffin, Robert S., 1797?-1857, of Brunswick, Maine;
the self-styled "Boston Bard." Poems, 1826.
Cogan, E. Serms., &c., 1789-1817.
Cogan, G. Test. of Richard Brothers, 1795, Svo.
Cogan, Henry. The Scarlet Gown: Cardinals of
Rome, Lon., 1653, Svo. The Voyage and Adventures of
Ferdinand Mendez Pinto during his Twenty-One Years'
Travel in Ethiopia, China, Tartaria, Japan, &c.; done into
English by H. C., Lon., 1633, fol. Cervantes calls Pinto
"The Prince of Liars."
Cogan, Thomas, an English physician and divine,
d. 1818, resided much of his time in Holland. The Rhine,
or a Journey from Utrecht to Frankfort, 1791, '92, Lon.,
1794. 2 vols. 8vo.
Cogan, Thomas, an English physician, d. 1607,
low of Oriel College, Oxford, 1563. The Haven of Health
made for the Comfort of Students; with a Censure of the
late Sickness at Oxford, &c., Lon., 1586, 4to, and 1589, '96,
1605, '12. Cogan wrote some other pieces. See Athen. Oxon.
"The style of this work is lively and interesting: its pictures of
manners and scenery good; and it contains a learned disquisition
on the origin of printing."-STEVENSON: Voyages and Travels.
A Philosophical Treatise on the Passions, Lon., 1800, Svo;
an Ethical ditto, Bath, 1807-10, 8vo.
"Dr. Cogan-an adept on the subject of morals."-Lom. Mon. Rev.
The Works of Camper, trans. from the Dutch, Lon., 1794,
4to. Theolog. Disquisitions. Lon., 1812, 8vo.
Cogerhall, Henry. Timber Measure and Gauging,
Lon., 1677, 8vo.
Coggeshall, Capt. George, of Connecticut, b. 1781.
Voyages to various parts of the World, made 1799-1844,
New York, 1851, '52, 2 vols. 8vo. History of the American
Privateers, and Letters of Marque, during our War with
England, 1812, '13, and '14, Svo: Illustrated. Religious
and Miscellaneous Poetry.
Easy
Coggeshall, Wm. T., b. 1824, in Penna.
Warren and his Contemporaries, 12mo, N. Y. Spirit Rap-
Ed. Genius of the West. Has
ping. Cin., 1851, 12mo.
contributed largely to Periodical Literature.
Coggeshalle, Ralph, d. about 1228, an English
Monk and Historian. His principal work is A History of
the Holy Land, pub. in 1729 in vol. v. of the Amplissima
Collectio veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum; in which
are two other works of his: 1. Chronicon Anglicanum ab
anno 1066 ad annum 1200, and 2. Libellus de Motibus An-
glicanis sub Johanne Rege.
Coghlan, Lucius, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1810, Svo.
Coghlan, R. B. Apology for Catholic Faith, &c.,
1779, 12mo.
Coglan, Thomas. Mnemonics, Lon., 1813, 8vo.
Cogswell, James, D.D.. 1720-1807, of Connecticut.
Funeral Serm. on S. Williams, 1776; 2d ed., 1806.
Cogswell, Joseph Green, LL.D., b. in Ipswich,
Mass.; grad. at Harvard College, 1806; was Professor of
Mineralogy and Geology in his alma mater, and Librarian
in the same institution, from 1821 to '23. In 1823, in con-
nexion with Mr. George Bancroft, he established the Round
Hill School at Northampton, Mass., and, after Mr. Bancroft's
retirement in 1830, continued it by himself until 1836. In
1848 he was appointed Superintendent of the Astor Library,
(in accordance with the expressed wish of the founder.)
an office for which his remarkable attainments in Biblio-
graphy eminently qualify him. Dr. Cogswell has been a
contributor to Blackwood's Mag., the N. Amer. Rev., the
Monthly Anthology, and the N. York Rev., (ed. by him for
several years before its termination in 1842.) He is now
employed upon a Catalogue of the Astor Library, to be
comprised in 8 vols. r. Svo: Authors and Books, 4 vols. ;
Subjects, 4 vols. : vols. i. and ii. were pub. 1857-58.
Cogswell, William. Christian Philanthropist, Bost.,
1839, 12mo. Other theological publications.
Cohen, Bernard. Compendium of the Finances of
Great Britain and other Countries, Lon., 1822, r. 8vo.
Cohen, L. Sacred Truths addressed to the Children
of Israel in the Brit. Empire, 1808, 12mo.
Cohen, Moses. Serm. on Prov. xx. 10, 1761, 4to.
Cohen, William. Seventh ed. of Fairman's Funds
trans. at the Bk. of England, Lon., 1824, Svo.
Coilzear, Rauf. The Taill of Rauf Coilzear, how
be harbreit King Charlis Sanctandrois be Robert Lekpreuik,
1572, 4to. Reprinted in Select Remains of the Ancient
Popular Poetry of Scotland; and at Edin., 1821.
Coit, Thos. Winthrop, b. N. London, Conn.; grad.
Yale Coll., 1821; Prof. Trin. Coll.; Pres. Transylvania Univ.
Theological Common-Place Book. 1832, '57, 4to. Remarks
on Norton's Statement of Reasons, 1833, Sro. Bible in Para-
graphs and Parallelisms, 1834, 12mo: see Horne's Bibl. Bib..
SS. Townsend's Chronological Bible, 1837, '38, 2 vols. Svo.
Puritanism; or, A Churchman's Defence against its As-
persions. 1844. 12mo. Contrib. Ch. Rev.. Churchman, &c.
Cokain, Cockaine, Cockayn, Cokaine, or Co-
kayne, Sir Aston, 1608-1684, a native of Elvaston,
Derbyshire, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge.
The Obstinate Lady; a Comedy, Lon., 1657, 12mo. Trappo-
lin, 1658, 12mo. Small Poems. A Chaine of Golden Poems,
&c., 1658. Poems, 1662; sold at Sotheby's for £7. Choice
Poems, 1669; Bindley's sale, £3 178. Ovid, 1669. See
Fel-notices of this author in the British Bibliographer, vol. ii.,
by Sir Egerton Brydges.
His days seem to have been passed between his bottle, his books,
and his rhymes. . . . His mind appears to have been much culti-
vated with learning; and it is clear that he possessed considerable
talents: but he exhibits scarcely any marks of genius."—Ubi supra.
26
401
COK
COK
"His p ems may perhaps be consulted with advantage by those
who search after anecdotes of contemporary characters."-Ellis's
Specimens.
The following is so conclusive an evidence of the good
taste of Sir Aston, that we quote it to his credit, and for
the benefit of our readers. After reviewing the claims of
the various attractions which the world offers to its votaries,
he thus announces his own preference:
of society should become deeply imbued with the wisdom
and the courage of those mighty men of old, who in the
advocacy of what they knew to be right, treated with equal
contempt the wrath of the king and the rage of the popu-
lace. When the judges wero questioned, whether if the
king should desire them to stay proceedings in any case
before them, until he had consulted with them, they would
consent to such interference, all answered in the affirmative,
until it came to the turn of the stout Lord Chief Justice
"Give me a study of good books, and I
Envy to none their hugg'd felicity."
Cokaine, or Cockaine, Sir Thomas. A Short Coke, who courageously responded that,
Treatise on Hunting, Lon., 1591, 4to.
Cokayne, George. See COCKAYN.
Cokayne, William. The Foundation of Prudence
Vindicated, Lon., 1649, 4to.
Coke. Circumcision of Mustapha, Lon., 1676, fol. Re-
printed in Harleian Miscellany, vol. v.
Coke, Sir Edward, 1551-52-1632, a native of Mile-
ham, Norfolk, was entered of Trinity College, Cambridge,
in 1567; became a member of the Inner Temple in 1572;
and was called to the Bar in 1578. In 1593 he was elected
a Member of Parliament for Norfolk, and was chosen
Speaker of the House of Commons. In 1594 he was
pointed Attorney-General, notwithstanding the strenuous
effort of the Earl of Essex to secure the vacant post for
Francis Bacon. Hence arose the enmity which existed
between Coke and Bacon. In 1598 he was left a widower,
and in the same year married the widow of Sir William
Hatton, a grand-daughter of Lord High Treasurer Burleigh.
Upon the accession of James I., Coke received the honour
of knighthood. In 1603 he conducted the proceedings
against Sir Walter Raleigh, and incurred merited censure
for his professional insolence. In 1606 he was promoted
to the Chief Justiceship of the Common Pleas, and in
to the Chief Justiceship of the King's Bench. His resist-
ance to the arbitrary and illegal acts of the king brought
down upon him the royal displeasure, and in 1622 he was
committed to the Tower, and there imprisoned for more
than seven months. In 1625 he was returned to Parliament
for Norfolk, and in 1629 represented the county of Buck-desultory order."-SIR WILLIAM BLACKSTONE.
ingham. Though now in his 79th year, an attack upon
the constitutional rights of Englishmen proved that his
eagle eye, jealous in the cause of liberty, was not too dim
to decipher the imperishable lines of Magna Charta, and
that his "natural strength was not abated" in the cham-
pionship of political freedom. At the close of this session
he retired to his estate at Stoke Pogis, where he devoted
himself to literary pursuits until the coming of that "night
when no man can work." Repeating with his last breath
"Thy kingdom come, thy will be
the solemn invocation-"Thy
done," he resigned his soul to his Maker on the 3d of Sep-
tember, 1632, and was buried at Titeshall Church in Nor-
folk. His principal works are Reports from 1600 to 1615.
1. A Book of Entries, 1614, fol. 2. Complete Copyholder,
1630, 4to. 3. A Treatise of Bail and Mainprise, 1637, 4to.
4. Reading on the Statute of Fines, 27 Edw. I., 1662, 4to.
The work by which as a writer he is principally known to
the present generation, and will be famous for all future
ages, is Institutes of the Laws of England, in four parts,
the first of which contains the Commentary on Littleton's
Tenures, (1628,) the second, a Commentary on Magna Charta
and other statutes, (1642,) the third, the Criminal Laws,
or Pleas of the Crown, (1664.) and the fourth, an Account
of the Jurisdiction of all the Courts in the Kingdom, (about
1644.) The first part of the Institutes, or Coke upon Lit-
tleton, has been styled "The Bible of the Law." We can
hardly do justice to our subject without noticing this cele-
brated Commentary somewhat at length. The edits. from
the 1st to the 14th were pub. in folio; those pub. subse-
quently are in octavo. Edit. 1st, 1628, is very incorrect;
Ed, 1629, had the advantage of the author's revision;
14th edit., with Notes, References, &c. by F. HARGRAVE
and C. BUTLER, (q. v.) 1789; to folio 195 by Hargrave, and
from 196 to the end by Butler; 17th odit., with addit. notes
by Charles Butler, 2 vols. Svo; 18th ed., 1823, 2 vols. Svo,
and 1832, 2 vols. 8vo, are reprints of the 17th edit., with
some addits. from Butler and Hargrave's Notes. (See arti-
cle Coke in Marvin's Legal Bibl.) Thomas's Arrangement
can hardly be called an edit. of Coke. American edits.,
Phila., by Thomas Day, 1812, 3 vols. 8vo; this is a reprint,
with some addits. by the American editor, of the 15th Lon-
don edit. Phila., beautifully printed by R. H. Small, from
the 19th London edit., 1853, 2 vols. 8vo. We trust that
the publication of this very cheap and excellent edit. will
have a tendency to increase the study of Coke upon Little-
ton by our young lawyers. Although belonging to the lay
class, we feel a deep interest that those who are intrusted
to so large an extent with the conservation of the interests
"When that case should be, he would do that should be fit for
a judge to do.”
Did any freeman ever make a bolder answer, and did
any lawyer ever make a wiser one? We shall quote a few
from the many testimonies we might adduce to the value
of the professional labours of this great ornament of the
Bench and the Bar:
"His most learned and laborious works on the law will last to
be admired by judicious posterity whilst Fame hath a trumpet left
her, and any breath to blow therein. His judgment lately passed
for an oracle in law; and if, since, the credit thereof hath care
lessly been questioned, the wonder is not great. If the prophet
himself, living in an incredulous age, found cause to complain,
ap-Who hath believed our report? it need not seem strange that
our licentious times bare afforded some to shake the authenti-
calness of the 'reports' of any earthly judge."-Fuller's Worthies of
Norfolk.
Lord Bacon, whilst praising Coke's large and fruitful
mind, complains (though not with reference to his Com-
mentary) of his habit of straying from his text:
When you wander, as you often delight to do, you wander in-
deed, and give never such satisfaction as the curious time requires.
This is not caused by any natural defect, but first for want of elec
tion, when you have a large and fruitful mind, which should not
so much labour what to speak, as to find what to leave unspoken."
1613-LORD BACON: Letter to Coke.
This desultory habit is very perceptible in the commen-
tary upon Littleton:
(:
The Institutes of Sir Edward Coke are unfortunately as defi-
cient in method as they are rich in matter; at least the two first
parts of them; wherein, acting only the part of a commentator,
he bath thrown together an infinite treasure of learning in a loose.
This want of method induced Mr. J. H. Thomas to pre-
pare a Systematic Arrangement of the Commentary, on the
Plan of Sir Matthew Hale's Analysis, Lon., 1818, 3 vols.
We can-
Svo. American edit., Phila., 1836, 3 vols., Evo.
not recommend this Arrangement in place of the original
to the legal student. We agree with Judge Sharswood:
It may be that the original wants method;-but the life and
spirit of it are lost when it is hacked to pieces to be refitted to-
gether upon a new and different skeleton."
the works mentioned below.
For notices of Coke's Reports, &c., we refer the reader to
"A knowledge of ancient legal learning is absolutely necessary
to a modern lawyer. Sir Edward Coke's Commentary upon Lit-
tleton is an immense repository of every thing that is most neces
sary or useful in the legal learning of ancient times.. Were it not
luminous and chaotic compilations of cases contained in the Year
for his writings, we should still have to search for it in the vo
Books, or in the dry, though valuable abridgments of Statham,
Fitzherbert. Brooke, and Rolle. Every person who has attempted
it must be sensible how very difficult and disgusting it is to pur-
sue a regular investigation of any point of law through these
works. The writings of Coke have considerably abridged. if not
entirely taken away, the necessity of this labour."-CHARLES BUTLER.
Mr. Butler, who declares that he is the best lawyer who
best understands Coke upon Littleton, did much to increase
the general usefulness of Coke:
One cannot help observing how much the annotations of Mr.
Butler excel those of his predecessor, Mr. Hargrave, both in suc
cinctness of order, comprehensiveness of style, and elegance of
diction."-IIAWKSHEAD.
But Mr. Martin dissents from this judgment:
"Butler's notes, though deservedly esteemed, were confessedly
His knowledge appears to have been more various than profound."
too hastily prepared to reach the high standard of his predecessor.
See Mart. Conv.: Bart. Com.; and Ritso's Introduction.
"Sir Edward Coke-that great oracle of our law."-EDMUND
BURKE: Reflections on the Revolution in France.
"To Coke's opinion I must attribute more than to any single
professors of the law; no one man in any human profession hath
opinion of any judge. No one man hath deserved so well of the
written so much and with so few errors as he.”—SIR ORLANDO
BRIDGMAN.
We may properly conclude this article with the opinions.
of some eminent American Jurists:
"The Commentary ought to be studied and mastered by every
lawyer who means to be well acquainted with the reasons and
grounds of the law, and to adorn the noble science he professes.'
"})
–CHANCELLOr Kent.
"IIIs favourite law-book was the Coke upon Littleton, which he
had read many times. Its principal texts he had treasured up in
his memory, and his arguments at the bar abounded with per-
petual recurrences to the principles and analogies drawn from this
rich mine of cominon law learning."-Wheaton's Life of Pinkney.
"Let not the American student of law suppose that the samo
necessity does not here exist, as in England, to make this ‘goldʊn
402
4
COK
COL
book' his principal guide in the real law. All precedent in this
country contradicts such an idea. The present generation of dis-
tinguished lawyers, as well as that which has just passed away,
have given ample proofs of their familiarity with the writings of
Lord Coke; and our numerous volumes of reports daily illustrate,
that, with trivial exceptions, what is the law of real property at
Westminster Hall is equally so in the various tribunals through- |
out our extensive country."-Hoffman's Legal Study,
(C
The work is one which cannot be too highly prized or too ear-
nestly recommended to the diligent study of all who wish to be
well grounded in legal principles. For myself, I agree with Mr.
Butler in the opinion that he is the best lawyer who best under-
stands Coke upon Littleton."-JUDGE SHARSWOOD.
See also Johnson's Life of Coke, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo;
War-
ren's Law Studies; Petersdorff's Com.; Marvin's Legal
Bibl.; Biog. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Manual; Lodge's Il-
lustrations; Bridgman's Legal Bibl.; The Retrospective
Review; Roger Coke's (grandson of Lord Coke) Detection
of the Court and State of England.
Historia Principum
Coke, Georgius Henricus.
Anhaltinorum, Jenæ, 1686, 4to.
"A sort of secret history, engaging to an Englishman, naturally
Inquisitive, curious, and greedy of scandal."
Coke, Thomas. Serm., Prov. xxi. 6, 1773, Svo.
Coke, Thomas, LL.D., 1747-1814, an eminent Wes-
leyan missionary, a native of Brecon, South Wales, was
educated at Jesus College, Oxford. In 1780 he was ap-
pointed by John Wesley superintendent of the London
district. In 1784 he visited America, and made altogether
nine voyages to the United States and the West Indies for
missionary purposes.
In December 1813, he sailed for
Ceylon with six preachers, and was found dead in his cabin,
May 3, 1814. His untiring zeal for the advancement of
religion is worthy of all imitation. Besides some extracts
from his Journal, &c., he pub. (in conjunction with Henry
His
Moore) a Life of John Wesley, Lon., 1792, Svo.
principal work is A Commentary on the Old and New
Testaments, Lon., 1803, 6 vols. 4to.
"This is a sensibly written work; but neither critical nor very
profound. After the exposition, which is itself rather practical
than exegetical, there follows what he calls inferences, and, last
of all, reflections. Every thing important in the work might have
been put into half the size."-ORME: Bill. Bíð.
"It is in the main a reprint of the work of Dr. Dodd, with seve-
ral retrenchments and some unimportant additions. Though the
major part of the notes, and even the dissertations of Dr. Dodd are
here republished without the author's name, yet all the marginal
readings and parallel texts are entirely omitted."-DR. ADAM
CLARKE.
Ad-
Coke, Thomas W., Earl of Leicester.
dresses to the Freeholders of Norfolk, 1802.
Coke, Zachary. The Art of Logic, Lon., 1654, 4to.
Coker, John. 1. Remarks. 2. Reflections, &c., 1806,
'10: political pieces.
Coker, Matthew. A Whip of Small Cords to scourge
Antichrist, Lon., 1654, 4to.
Coke, John. The Debate betwene the Heraldes of
Englande and Fraunce, Lon., 1550, 16mo. The debate
turns upon a question propounded by Lady Prudence-
"Which realme christened is most worthy to be ap-
proached to honoure?"
The decision, of course, is in favour of "Englande."
Coke, John. Sylloge variorum Tractatum, &c., 1649,
ito; refers to the murder of King Charles I.
Coke, John, M.D. Treatise on Poisons, Lon., 1770,
12mo.
Colden, Cadwallader, 1688-1776, a Scotch physi-
cian, educated at Edinburgh, emigrated to Pennsylvania
about 1708. In 1718 be removed to New York, and was
made Lieutenant Governor in 1761, and again in 1775.
He practised medicine in early life, and pub. a treatise on
the Yellow Fever, which prevailed in New York in 1743.
He was a zealous botanist, and his description of between
300 and 400 American plants was pub. in the Acta Upsa-
liensia. (1743.) The establishment of the American Philo-
sophical Society, located at Philadelphia, was chiefly owing
to his suggestions. Dr. Franklin and Colden communi-
cated to each other their experiments in Natural Philoso-
phy. The History of the five Indian Nations depending
Coke, Roger, grandson of Sir Edward Coke. Justice
Vindicated, Lon., 1660, fol. How the Navigation may be
Encreased, &c., 1675, 4to.
"Though wrong in his suppositions respecting the state of the
country, Mr. Coke recommended several measures fitted to promote
its improvement."-McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy; where see
other treatises of Coke's noticed.
A Detection of the Court and State of England, 1694, 2 upon New York, New York, 1727, Svo; reprinted with the
vols.; 1719, 3 vols. 8vo.
2d part and large addits., in 1747, Lon., Svo.
"In the reprint, the dedication. which was originally to Go
vernor Burnet. is transferred by the London publisher to General
Oglethorpe. Mr. Colden complained of this, as well as of some
additions [several Indian treaties] which were made to the Loudon
edition without his knowledge or consent."-RICH: Americana
Bibliotheca Niva.
“The writer was evidently a wild enthusiast.”
A Prophetical Revelation from God, 1654, 4to.
Coker, N. Survey of Dorsetshire, Lon., 1732, fol.
"This Survey appears to have been finished in the latter end of
James I.'s reign.”—DR. WATT.
The Age of Paper; or an Essay on
Banks and Banking, Lon., 8vo.
Colbert, Jun.
Colborne, Robert. English Dispensatory, 1753, 8vo
Colburne. Discourse upon the Catalogue of Doctor.
of God's Church, shewing the Succession of the Church,
1589, 8vo.
“A very incorrect and imperfect work.”—LoWNDES.
Coker, Thomas. Sermon, 1721, 8vo.
Colbatch. Account of the Court of Portugal under
the Reign of Don Pedro II., 1700, Svo.
Colby, H. G. O. Practice in Civil Actions and Pro-
ceedings at Law in Massachusetts, Boston, 1848, 8vo.
"A familiar acquaintance with practice is one of the most strik-
ing and indispensable qualifications of an accomplished lawyer.
It teaches him how to handle his weapons.”
Colby, John. Sermons, 1732, 12mo.
Colby, Samuel. Sermons, 1708, '09.
Colby, Capt. Thomas, and Lt. Col. William
Mudge. Account of the Operations for accomplishing
the Trigonometrical Survey of England and Wales, 1800-
08, Lon., 1799-1811, 3 vols. 4to.
Colchester, Lord. See ABBOT, CHARles.
Colclough, George. Repentance, Lon., 157-, 12mo.
Colden, Alexander. Examination of the New Doc.
trines in
trines in Philosophy and Theology of Priestley, Lon.,
1793. Svo.
The 3d edit, was pub. in London in 1755, 2 vols. 12mo.
A work on Gravitation, &c, New York, 1745, Svo; Lon.,
1752, 4to. Con. to Med. Obs. and Ing., 1755. See Amer.
Museum, iii. 53-59; Rees; Conduct of C. Colden, Esq.,
relating to the Judges' Commissions, &c.; Allen's Amer.
Biog. Dict.; Encycl. Amer.
Colden, Cadwallader D. Life of Robert Fulton,
New York, 1817, Svo. See a severe critique upon this work
in the London Quarterly Review, xix. 347.
•
Although our readers may be inclined to give us credit for
some knowledge of our transatlantic brethren, yet we can honestly
assure them we were not quite prepared for such a sally as this of
Cadwallader Colden. Esq.-Ubi supra.
Cole. English and Latin Dictionary, 1677, 4to.
Cole. Oratio de Ridiculo, Lon., 1811, 4to.
Cole, Abdiah. The Rational Physician's Library,
Lon., 1661, fol.
Cole, Benj. Map of 20 Miles round Oxford, 4to.
Cole, Christian. Triumphant Augustus; a Poem on
his Majesty's Return, Lon., 1695, 4to. Memoirs of Affairs
of State, 1697-1707. Lon., 1723, fol.
Cole, Charles Nalson, 1722–1804, educated at St.
John's College. Cambridge. Laws rel. to Bedford Level
An ed. of Dug-
Corporation, Lon., 1761, Svo; 1803, 8vo.
Works of Soame Jenyns, 1790, 4 vols. 8vo.
dale's Embanking of Fens and Marshes, &c., 1772, fol.
Cole, Francis. Prologue and Epilogue to a Comedy,
&c.. Lon.. 1642. See Restituta, iv. 263.
Cole, Henry, d. 1579, a learned Roman Catholic di-
vine, Perpetual Fellow of New College, Oxford, 1523;
Prebendary of St. Paul's, 1540; Provost of Eton, 1554.
Disputation with Cranmer and Ridley at Oxford, 1554.
Funeral Serm. at the burning of Cranmer. See Fox's
Acts and Monuments. Letters to Bishop Jewel, Lon.,
1560, Svo. (In Jewel's Works.) Letters to Bishop Jew-
el, An Answer, &c., will be found in Burnet's Hist. of the
Reformation.
Colbatch, John, a London surgeon, wrote several
“Joh. Leland the antiquary was Dr. Cole's acquaintance, and
medical treatises, vindicating the theory that disease in having had experience of his learning, hath eternized his memory
the system arises principally from an excess of the alka-among other learned men of our nation and of his time, in his
book of Encomia's-to which the curious reader may recur if ho
lies in the blood and humours. He liberally administered
acids to his patients. Collection of Med. and Chir. Tracts, please, wherein he'll find a just, character of this our author Dr.
Cole and his learning.”—Athen. Oxon.
Lon., 1700, Svo.
Cole, Henry. Popular Geology Subversive of Divine
Colbatch, John, D.D. Theolog. Treatises, Camb., Revelation: a Letter to Rev. Adam Sedgwick, Lon., 1834,
1718-41.
Svo. Luther's Com. on the Psalms; now first trans. into
English, 1837, 12mo.
Colbeck, Joseph, Jun. Poems, 1813.
403
COL
COL
"In this summary Commentary the godly reader will see how
blessedly this great man opened and taught the word of God."
Observations on our Public Schools, 1846, Svo.
Cole, Henry, the promoter of the "Art Manufac-
tures," and editor of the Journal of Design, has pub. seve-
ral useful books under the name of FELIX SUMMERLY, 9. v.
Cole, James L., d. 1823, aged 24, a native of Ca-
nandaigua, pub. some fugitive poetry in the New York
Statesman, and in the Ontario Repository, under the signa-
ture of Adrian.
Cole, John. Mathemat. Tracts, 1812, 8vo.
Cole, John. Herveiania: illustrative of the Life and
Writings of Rev. James Hervey, 1822, 23, '26, 3 parts 8vo.
Bibliographical and Descriptive Tour from Scarborough,
&c., 1824, 8vo. The Scarborough Repository, 1824, Svo.
The Scarborough Album of History, 1825, p. Svo. Cata-
logue of a Select Portion of his Collection of Books, 1825,
Svo. Hist. and Antiquities of Ecton, 1825, Svo. Life,
Writings, &c. of Thomas Hinderwell, 1826, 8vo. Anti-
quariau Trio, 1826, Svo. Tour round Scarborough, 1826,
Svo. Book-Selling Spiritualized, 1826. Svo. Hist. and
Antiq. of Weston Fovell, 1827, Svo. Hist. and Antiq. of
Filey, 1828, Svo. Catalogue of Standard Books, made
out on an entirely new plan, 12mo. Other works.
Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
See
Cole, John Webb. Commentary on the Prophecies
and the New Testament, &c., Lon., 1826, 2 vels. Svo.
Cole, Josiah. Con. to Edin. Med. Ess., 1736.
Cole, Mary. Cookery, Confectionary, &c., 1789, 8vo.
Cele, Nathaniel. Serms. and theolog. treatises,
1615-33.
Cole, Robert. News from Ireland, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Cole, T. Account of fat Mr. Bright, Phil. Trans., 1751.
Cole, Thomas. Serm. against Anabaptists, Lon.,
1553, Svo.
་
Colc, Thomas, Archd. of Essex. Serm., Lon., 1564.
Cole, Thomas, d. 1697, student of Christ Church,
Oxford; Principal of St. Mary's Hall, 1656; ejected for
Nonconformity, 1660; Tutor to John Locke. Three of
his serms. are in the Morning Exercises. Discourse of Re-
generation, Faith, and Repentance, Lon., 1689.
Highly evangelical and judicious."-DR. E. WILLIAMS.
Cole, Thomas. Sermons, 1683, '90, '93.
Cole, Thomas. British Herring-Fishery, Lon., 1753.
Cole, Thomas. Discourses. Poems. Lon., 1762, '95, '97.
Cole, Thomas, 1801-1847, artist and author, b.
in Lancashire, Eng.; settled in the U.S., 1819. The Spirit
of the Wilderness; a Dramatic Poem, MS., 1835. See Eulogy
by Wm. C. Bryant, and Life and Works, by his friend, Rev.
L. L. Noble, N.Y., 1855, 12mo.
6.
I survive her. That I will, most religiously, and make li as happy
as it is possible."-Horace Walpole to Cole, May 4, 1781.
"I congratulate the little Parisian dog that he has fallen into
the hands of so humane a master. 1 have a little diminutive dog,
already, in case of an accident, ensured it a refuge from starvation
Busy, full as great a favourite, and never out of my lap. I have
and ill usage. It is the least we can do for poor harmless, shiftless,
pampered animals, that have amused us, and we have spoilt.'
Cole to Walpole, May 7, 1781.
Register or a Chartulary, with Busy on his lap?" See Nichols's
"How could be ever have got through the transcript of a l'ishop's
Literary Anecdotes.
Cole made large MS. Collections for the compilation of
an Athenæ Cantabrigienses. We have already strenuously
insisted upon the preparation of a work of this kind, (see
BAKER, THOMAS, &c.,) and never intend to be satisfied
until such an one we have! Cole also collected towards a
county history of Cambridge, and seems to have commenced
both this and the preceding compilation as carly as 1724.
His "purposes were not broken off in the midst," but like
THOMAS BAKER'S (q. v.) delayed until death would wait
no longer. He left 100 small folio volumes of MSS., more
than 50 of which relate to bis projected Athenæ. In a fit
of despondency respecting the completion of his labours,
be thus laments:
"My poor dear Madame du Deffand's little dog is arrived. She
made me promise to take care of it, the last time I saw her, should
|
"In good truth, whoever undertakes this drudgery of an Athenæ
Cantabrigienses must be contented with no prospect of credit and
reputation to himself, and with the mortifying reflection that after
all his pains and study, through life, he must be looked upon in
an bumible light, and only as a journeymen to Anthony Wood,
whose excellent book of the same sort will ever preclude any other,
who shall follow him in the same track, from all hopes of fame; and
will only represent him as an imitator of so original a pattern. For
at this time of day, all great characters, both Cantabrigians ar.d
Oxonians, are already published to the world, either in his book,
or various others; so that the collection, unless the same characters
are reprinted here, must be made up of second-rate persons, and
the refuse of authorship. However, as I have begun, and made
so large a progress in this undertaking, it is death to think of leav
ing it off-though, from the former considerations, so little credit
1777. See Miscellanies of Literature.
is to be expected from it."-Quoted by Disraeli from a fly-leaf of
Now, no one could better confute this sophistry than Cele
could, and did himself by his protracted labours. When
will some Cambridge mau, endued with the spirit of John
Caius,-ride De Antiquitate Cantabrigienses Academicæ,
―arise to take away the reproach from his alma mater?
Cole, William. Nature of Light, Cel., 1777, 8vo.
Cole, William. Key to the Psalms, Camb., 1788,
Svo. Poems, &c., 1790, '96, '99. Con. to Archæol., 1789:
The Horns given by Henry I. to the Cathedral of Carlisle.
Cole, William, D.D., Preb. Westminster. Serm., 1798.
Cole,William. Conversations on Algebra,1818,12mo.
Colebrook, Sir George. Letters on Intolerance,
Lon., 1791, Svo.
Colebrook, Josiah. Antiquarian, Astronom., and
Medical Con. to Archæol., 1772, '76; Phil. Trans., 1759.
Cole, William. The Irish Cabinet, Lon., 1645, fol.
Cole, William, 1628-1662, an English botanist, en-
tered of Merton College. Oxford, 1642; secretary to Duppa,
Bishop of Winchester, 1660. The Art of Simpling, Lon.,
1656, 12mo. Adam in Eden, or Nature's Paradise: the
Hist. of Plants, Herbs, and Flowers, 1657, fol. This work
was a favourite in its day.
">
Colebrooke, Henrietta. Thoughts of Rousseau, 1788.
eminent Oriental scholar, settled in India in 1782, and
Colebrooke, Henry Thomas, 1765-1837, an
held many high positions there. He completed the Digest
of the Hindu Law on Contracts and Successions, from the
Original Sanserit, which was left unfinished by the death
of Sir William Jones, Calcutta, 1797, 3 vols. 8vo; Lon
1801, 3 vols. 8vo. 2. Collection of Compositions in Sans-
erit, &c., Calcutta, 1804, 4to. 3. Grammar of the Sanscrit
Language, Calcutta. 1805, fol. 4. Dictionary of the Sans-
crit Language, Calcutta, 1808, 4to. Also several other
Oriental works, and many contributions Oriental, scien-
tific, and literary. 5. Remarks on the Husbandry and In..
ternal Commerce of Bengal, Lon., 1806, 8vo.
publication, Mr. Colebrooke's account of the husbandry and internal
"Notwithstanding the lapse of nearly half a century since its
commerce of Bengal continues to be by far the best and most trust
Miscellaneous Essays, Lon., 1837, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Cole became the most famous simpler or botanist of his time
Cole, William, M.D., graduated at Oxford, 1666,
practised at Bristol. De Secretione Animali Cogitati,
Oxon., 1674, 8vo. Purpurea Anglicana; on a Fish found
near the Severn, Lon., 1689, 4to. De Mechanica, &c., 1693,
8vo. Treatise on Apoplexies, 1689, 8vo; on Fevers, 1693,
8vo. Epilepsy, 1702, 8vo. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1676, '85.
Cole, William. Rod for the Lawyers, 1659, 4to.
Cole, William. Impris. for Debt, 1680, 4to.
Cole, William, 1714-1782, an eminent antiquary and
a divine, a native of Cambridgeshire, was educated at Clare
Hall and King's College, Cambridge; F.S.A., 1747; Rec-
tor of Hornsey, 1749; of Bletchley, 1767; Vicar of Burn-worthy work on the subject."-McCULLOCH: Lit. of Polit. Econ.
ham, 1774. In 1765 he accompanied his friend Horace
Walpole to France, and had some thoughts of a permanent
residence there; probably in consequence of his partiality
for the Roman Catholic religion. He was an industrious.
antiquary, and contributed to Grose's Antiquaries; Ben-
tham's Ely; Ducarel's publications; Philip's Life of Cardi-
nal Pole; Gough's British Topography; Memoirs of the
Gentlemen's Society at Spalding; Nichols's Collection of
Poems; Anecdotes of Hogarth; History of Hinkley; Life
of Bowyer, &c. He was a zealous collector of portraits,
and the letters between Horace Walpole and himself are
sufficiently amusing, especially that relating to the "Alge-
rine Hog," who carried off "187 of my most valuable and
favourite heads." The following extracts from two of the
letters of these friends will not be unacceptable to the
reader:
Colebrooke, Robert. On Barren Island and its
Volcano: Trans. of the Soc. of Bengal, iv. 397.
Coleeber. Existence and Nature of God, 1718, 8vo.
Coleire, Richard, of Isleworth. Serms., 1708-45
Coleman. Letters to M. Le Chaise, 1678, 4to.
Coleman, Benjamin. Serms., 1717, '28, '35.
Coleman, Charles. Satirical Peerage of England,
1784, 4to.
Coleman, Charles. Serms., 1817, 8vo.
Coleman, Charles. Mythology of the IIindus, Lon..
1832, 4to. Commended by Lon. Athn.
Coleman, Edward. Legacies; a Poem, &c.. 1679, fol.
Coleman, Edward. Foot of the Horse, 1798–1802,
2 vols. 4to.
!
"An esteemed work."-Lowndes.
Other veterinary, &c. works, 1791, 1800, '01.
Coleman, J. N. Serms., Doct. and Pract., 1947, 81.
404
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Coleman, John, D.D., b. 1803, at Baltimore, Md., an
Episcopal clergyman of great worth and talents, resident
in St. Louis. Editor of Faber's Difficulties of Roman-men, 1833, 4to.
ism, with an Introductory Essay, Phila., 1840; of the
Episcopa! Manual by Dr. Wilmer, with addits. and emen-
dations, 1841. Contributions to various religious journals.
Editor of the Banner of the Cross, Phila., in conjunction
with the Rev. Frederick Ogilby.
Coleman,
Lyman, D.D., born 1796, Mass., grad.
Yale Coll., after which, during three years, he was Princi-
pal in the Latin Gram. School at Hartford; was then more
than four years tutor in Yale Coll., where he studied theo-
logy; was pastor of a church in Belchertown, Mass., for
seven years; Principal of the Burr Seminary in Vermont
five years; Principal of the English Department of Phillips
Academy in Andover; spent a year in study in Germany,
and in travel; Professor of German in Princeton Coll.,
from which he received the degree of S.T.D. 1. Antiquities
of the Christian Church, (trans. from the German; pub. in
Ward's Library of Standard Divinity: see Williams's Christ.
Preacher.) 2. The Apostolical and Primitive Church, 12mo;
with an Introduc. Essay by Dr. Augustus Neander, Prof.
Univ. of Berlin.
"Its well digested, and rightly applied, learning, catholic spirit,
and comprehensive plan, cannot fail to place it among standard
works in its particular department, and to render it subservient to
the final triumph of Scriptural Christianity.”—JOHN HARRIS, D.D.
"It is too calm, judicious, and scholar-like a production to be
allowed to remain unanswered with safety."-Lon. Quar. Review,
July, 1844.
3. Hist. Geog. of the Bible, Phila., 1850, 12mo, pp. 516.
4. Ancient Christianity, Phila., 1852, Svo, pp. 645.
"It is the fruit of laborious and conscientious research. It is
based upon a diligent study of the sources of Christian archæology;
and it presents the results in a form better adapted to our practical
needs than any similar work. It is clear and also candid in its
statements.”—Bibliotheca Sacra, Jan. 1853.
"We know of no work in our language which contains the same
amount of information on the Antiquities of the Church. It is a
work which, we doubt not, will long remain without a rival in that
field."-Princeton Review.
5. Historical Text-Book and Atlas of Biblical Geography,
Pila., 1854, r. Svo; new ed., revised, with Appendix, 1859.
"Dr. Coleman's style is easy, and adapted to the subject. As he
recapitulates and unfolds the statements of the Sacred writers, in
the form of a continuous narrative, the reader finds himself borne
along by the story, with unflagging interest, from beginning to
end. while so many new lights are thrown upon the subject from
the discoveries of modern research that he hardly remembers that
they are the same topics about which he has been reading and
hearing all his life.”—Christian Review.
4
Coleman, Thomas, 1598-1647, a Puritan divine, a
native of Oxford, was Vicar of Blyton, and subsequently
Rector of St. Peter's, Cornhill, London. Serms. and theo-
log. treatises, 1843-46.
Colenso, John William, Rector of Forncett St.
Mary, Norfolk.
Works on Arithmetic, Algebra, and Plane
Trigonometry for schools, Lon.
Coleny, Thomas. England and other northern re-
formed Countries reconciled to Rome, Coimbra, 1738, Svo.
Colepepper, J. S. Important Facts, 1793, Svo.
Colepepyr, Robert. Proposals rel. to Harbours, fol.
Colepresse, S. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1667, Svo;
Chemistry, Magnetism, &c.
Coler, Richard. Christian Experience, 1652.
Coleraine, Henry Hare, Lord. La Scala Santa;
a scale of Devotions upon the 15 Psalms of degrees, Lon.,
1670, '81, fol. The situation of Paradise found out: being
the History of a Late Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, 1683,
Svo. This work has been attributed to Lord Coleraine.
Mr. Todd, in his Life of Milton, points this work out as
being the earliest that notices Milton's Paradise Lost.
Sound to the Human Ear, and Prayer. Mr. Coleridge
pub. Biographia Borealis; or, Lives of Distinguished North-
men, 1833, 4to. Poems: vol. i., Leeds, 1833, 8vo.
Worthies of Yorkshire and Lancashire, 1836, 8vo; new ed.,
by Derwent Coleridge, Lon., 1852, 3 vols. 12mo.
The
"This collection of Lives is, in our judgment, a work of such
unusual merit, that it seems equally an act of justice to the
author, and a service to sound literature, to rescue it from the
mass of county histories and provincial biographies, with which,
in consequence of its title, it runs the risk of being confounded."
—Quarterly Review.
Coleridge, Rev. Derwent, son of Samuel Taylor
Coleridge, (q..;) b. 1800, and finished his education at
St. John's College, Cambridge; Prebendary of St. Paul's,
and Principal of St. Mark's College. Chelsea. The Serip-
tural Character of the English Church Considered: in a
Series of Serms., with Notes, &c., Lon., 1839, Svo.
"Written exclusively for perusal, and arranged as a connected
+
"It is a book which has every title to be popular which a light
and interesting subject, singular fulness and variety of interesting
matter, and a playful brilliancy of execution, can give.”— Edin
burgh Review.
As a poet Hartley Coleridge holds a more than respectable
rank. Some of his pieces are exquisitely beautiful, and there are
in these, indeed, his chief strength lies.Eng. Lit. 19th Century.
not many sonuets in the language more highly finished than bis:
"Though we do not rank Hartley Coleridge with the greatest
poets. the most profound thinkers, or the most brilliant essayists,
yet we know of no single man who has left, as his legacy to the
world. at once poems so graceful, thoughts so just, and essays so
Read this article. See an interesting sketch of Hartley Coleridge,
delectable."-Fraser's Mag.: reprinted in Living Age, xxx. 145.
by a personal acquaintance, George S. Hillard, in Living Age,
xxi. 161.
Life of Andrew Marvell, Hull, 1835, 8vo. Essays and
Marginalia, edited by Derwent Coleridge, 1851, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
See Poems of Hartley Coleridge, with Life by his bro-
ther, Rev. D. Coleridge, Lon., 1850, 2 vols. 12mo.
Coleridge, Henry Nelson, d. 1843, nephew of
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, was educated at Eton and at
King's College, Cambridge, where he became Fellow. He
accompanied WILLIAM HART COLERIDGE, Bishop of Barba-
does, (q. v.) on his outward voyage. We have the impres-
sions he derived, in his work entitled, Six Months in the
West Indies in 1825; anon. : 3d ed., with the author's name,
1832; now one of the series of Murray's Family Library.
He was called to the bar by the Hon. Society of the Mid-
SARA HENRY, daughter of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. (She
dle Temple in 1826. Mr. Coleridge married his cousin
is noticed on p. 406.) As editor of many of his uncle's writ-
ings, the public are under great obligations to Mr. Coleridge.
He edited his Literary Remains, Lon., 1836-39, 4 vols. 8vo;
The Friend, 1844, 3 vols. Svo; Constitution of Church and
State, 1839, Svo; Biographia Literaria; 2d ed., edited partly
by H. N. C., and completed by his widow, 1847, 2 vols. in 3,
Svo; Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit, 1849, Svo. Mr.
Coleridge contributed to the Quarterly Review, and was au-
thor of an excellent Introduction to the Study of the Greek
Classic Poets: 1st ed., 1830: 3d ed., Lon.. 1846. Svo.
mind of youth, will convey instruction in the most effective
"Written in that fresh and ardent spirit, which to the congenial
manner, by awakening the desire of it, and by enlisting the lively
and buoyant feelings in the cause of useful and improving study;
while by its pregnant brevity, it is more likely to stimulate than
to supersede more profound and extensive research. We shall be
much mistaken if it does not become as popular as it is useful."-
Quarterly Review.
of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. A Critical Latin Grammar.
Coleridge, John, Vicar of Ottery St. Mary; father
"By no means an ordinary production."-Lon. Gent. Mag.
Miscellaneous Dissertations arising from the 17th and
18th Chapters of the Book of Judges, Lon., 1768, Sro.
"These dissertations contain a new translation of the above
chapters, with critical remarks on them and on a number of other
passages: besides disquisitions on the Proseuch, or the Star
Gods: on the conversive Vau. and some other subjects.
Orme's Bibl. Bib.
author appears to have been a man of learning and research.”-
The
|
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, son of the preceding,
1772-1834, one of the most distinguished literary charac-
ters of modern days, was a native of the market-town of Ot-
tery St. Mary, in Devonshire. He received his early edu-
3d ed., 1852. Ed. S. T. Coleridge's Dra-cian, or head scholar, and obtained an exhibition to Jesus
Lay Serms.; 3d ed., 1852.
cation at Christ's Hospital, where he became senior-Gre-
matic Works, 1852, 12mo. Notes on English Divines,
1853, 2 vols. 12mo. Poems by S. T. Coleridge, edited by
Derwent and Sara Coleridge, 1852, 12mo.
whole."
Coleridge, Hartley, 1796-1849, eidest son of Samuel
Taylor Coleridge, was educated at Oriel College, Oxford.
He lived a secluded life at Grasmere, and on the banks of
Rydal Water, contributing to Blackwood's Magazine, and
occupied with other literary pursuits. He was a poet of
no ordinary excellonce, and his sonnets are among the
best in modern literature. We may instance The First
i
Cornwall. Observations of a Parish Priest, or Scenes of
Coleridge, James Duke, Vicar of Kenwin and Kea,
Young Parish Priest, Lon., 1834, 12mo.
Sickness and Death, Truro, 12mo. Practical Advice to the
Coleridge, Sir John Taylor, b. 1790, nephew of
S. T. Coleridge, grad. at Oxford. Ed. Blackstone's Com-
mentaries, with Notes, Lon.. 1825, 4 vols. 8vo.
College, Cambridge, where he remained from 1791 to 1793.
Finding himself in London without resources or prospects,
was not happy in this situation, raay be inferred from a
he enlisted in the 15th Elliot's Light Dragoons. That he
Latin sentence which he one day wrote on the stable-wall
under his saddle:
"Eheu! quam infortuni miserrimum est fuisse felicem !"
This scrap of learning elicited an inquiry on the part of
his captain, which led to the restoration of the young
scholar to his friends. In 1794 he published The Fall of
405
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:
Robespierre, a Hist. Drama, and a volume of Poems; and
in the next year two political pamphlets-Conciones ad
Populum, or Addresses to the People, and a Protest against
certain Bills then pending for Suppressing Seditious
Meetings. At that time he was a zealous Democrat and
a Unitarian, with which sentiments his later tenets pre-
sented a remarkable contrast. Hunger, however, is
stronger than speculation, and as a means of livelihood,
our young enthusiast-who, with Southey, Wordsworth,
and Lovell, had contemplated the establishment of a Pan-
tisocracy on the banks of the Susquehanna-consented to
write politics for the Morning Post, a supporter of Govern-
ment. The three friends, instead of emigrating, married
three sisters, Misses Fricker of Bristol. In 1798, by the
liberality of Josiah and Thomas Wedgewood, he was
enalled to spend some time in Germany, where he pursued
his studies with great diligence. In 1812 he pub. a series
of Essays entitled The Friend, which extended to twenty-
seven numbers; in the year following appeared Remorse,
a Tragedy; and in 1816, by the persuasion of Lord Byron,
Christabel was given to the world. This poem, with the
Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Genevieve, attained a
popularity which has been perpetuated to the present day.
To these poetical pieces must be added Zapoyla, a Drama,
founded on The Winter's Tale, pub. in 1818, and some
minor poems.
A complete edition of his Poems in 3 vols.
was issued by Pickering, not long before the author's death.
Of his prose works may be mentioned The Statesman's
Manual, or the Bible the Best Guide to Political Skill and
Foresight; a Lay Sermon, 1816; a second Lay Sermon,
1817; Biographia Literaria, 1817, 2 vols.; Aids to Reflec-
tion, 1825; On the Constitution of Church and State, 1830;
Lectures on Shakspeare; Table Talk; Theory of Life.
He planned several great works which were never com-
mitted to paper. Indeed, an excessive use of opium,
added to a native want of energy, produced an indolent
habit, and lack of application, which were fatal to the pro-
secution of any extensive project. After a wandering life,
residing in the houses of friends, alternately lecturing and
contributing to periodicals, he settled in 1816 with Mr.
Gilman, a physician at Highgate, and remained in his
family until his death in 1834. A month or two before
his decease he composed his own epitaph:
"Stop, Christian passer-by! Stop, Child of God!
And read with gentle breast. Beneath this sod
A poet lies, or that which once seemed he;
O lift a thought in prayer for S. T. C.!
That he who many a year with toil of breath
Found death in life, may here find life in death!
Mercy, for praise-to be forgiven, for Fame-
He asked, and hoped through Christ. Do thou the same.' >>
His Poetical and Dramatic Works were pub. in 1847, 3
vols. Svo. The Friend, edited by H. N. Coleridge, 1844,
3 vols. 8vo. Essays on his own Times; 2d series of The
Friend; edited by his daughter, 1850, 3 vols. 8vo. Aids
to Reflection; 5th ed., enlarged, 1843, 2 vols. 8vo. Con-
stitution of Church and Stute; edited by H. N. Coleridge,
1839, Svo. Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit, &c., edited
by II. N. Coleridge, 1849, Svo. Literary Remains, col-
lected and edited by H. N. Coleridge, 1836-39, 4 vols. 8vo.
Biographia Literaria, partly edited by H. N., and partly
by Mrs. H. N. Coleridge, 1838, 2 vols. 8vo; 5th and con-
cluding vol., by Derwent Coleridge, 1853, who also con-
templates issuing a Life of his father, and a collected
edition of his works. To his works should be added The
Ideal of Life, edited by Dr. Watson, his Life by James
Gillman, Lon., 1838, 1 vol. 8vo, and Joseph Cottle's Remi-
niscences of Coleridge and Southey, Lon., 1847, Svo. As
a conversationist, Coleridge enjoyed a remarkable repu-
tation. He loved to keep the field entirely to himself;
and hour after hour-if the auditors could spare the time-
would he pour forth "things new and old," illustrated by
a "boundless range of scientific knowledge, brilliancy and
exquisite nicety of illustration, deop and ready reasoning,
immensity of bookish lore, dramatic story, joke, and pun.
His friend Charles Lamb gave a significant hint to Cole-
ridge of his propensity to monopolize, in answering the que-
ry of the latter-" Charles, did you ever hear me preach ?"
(When young, he sometimes filled the Unitarian pulpit at
Taunton.) "I never heard you do any thing else," replied
Lamb. Dr. Dibdin gives us a graphic sketch of the impres-
sion produced upon him by Coleridge's conversation:
>>
"I shall never forget the effect his first conversation made upon
me at the first meeting. It struck me as something not only out
of the ordinary course of things, but as an intellectual exhibition
altogether matchless. The party was unusually large, but the
presence of Coleridge concentrated all attention towards him-
self. The viands were unusually costly, and the banquet was at
once rich and varied; but there seemed to be no dish like Cole-
ridge's conversation to feed upon-and no information so varied
and gave the most unrestrained indulgence to his speech-and
as his own. The orator rolled himself up, as it were, in his chair,
how fraught with acuteness and originality was that speech, and
in what copious and eloquent periods did it flow! The auditors
seemed to be wrapt in wonder and delight, as one observation
more profound, or clothed in more forcible language than another,
fell from his tongue. . . . For nearly two hours he spoke with
unhesitating and uninterrupted fluency. As I retired homeward
I thought a SECOND JOHNSON had visited the earth to make wise
the sons of men; and regretted that I could not exercise the
powers of a second BOSWELL to record the wisdom and the clo
quence which had that evening flown from the orator's lips. It
haunted me as I retired to rest. It drove away slumber."-Dib
din's Reminiscences, i. 254.
In his Illustrations of Scripture, Mr. Coleridge was more
largely indebted to Cocceius than to any other commenta-
tor.
The reader should procure an essay, reprinted from
the Eclectic Review, entitled, The Relation of Philosophy
to Theology, and Theology to Religion, or S. T. Coleridge,
his Philosophy and Theology. It is to be regretted that
Coleridge did not devote himself in earnest to the prepara-
tion of the great undeveloped work which so long haunted
his imagination. We must doubt if he could ever have
succeeded in his ambitious aspirations to "reduce all know-
ledge into harmony"-" to unite the insulated fragments
of truth, and therewith to frame a perfect mirror;" but
that he could have produced a magnum opus, who can
doubt? To those not familiar with the plaudits of Cole-
ridge's admirers, the degree of admiration which was la-
vished upon him will appear almost absurd. No less a
man than De Quincey speaks of him as
"This illustrious man, the largest and most spacious intellect,
the subtlest and most comprehensive, in my judgment, that has
yet existed amongst men."-Literary Reminiscences.
Lord Egmont declares that
"No man had ever been better qualified to revive the heroic pe-
the philosophic erudition of the country upon the continent."-
riod of literature in England, and to give a character of weight to
Ubi supra.
Another most respectable authority gravely records his
judgment:
“I think, with all his faults, old Sam was more of a great man
than any one that has lived within the four seas in my memory.
It is refreshing to see such a union of the highest philosophy and
poetry, with so full a knowledge. in so many points at least, of
particular facts.”—DR. ARNOLD: Leller to W. W. Hull, Esq.
John Foster, himself a moral philosopher of no ordinary
rank, tells us that
"His mind contains an astonishing map of all sorts of know-
ledge, while in his power and manner of putting it to use, he dis-
plays more of what we mean by the term genius than any mortal
I ever saw, or ever expect to see.”
A short extract from a well-known and favourite critio
must bring our article to a conclusion:
C
↓
"On his incomparable 'Genevieve' be has lavished all the melt-
ing graces of poetry and chivalry; in his 'Ancient Mariner he has
sailed, and in his Christabel flown, to the very limits of inven-
tion and belief. and in his chaunt of Fire. Famine, and Slaugh-
ter,' he has revived the vehement strains of the sibyls, or rather
furies, and given us a song worthy of the prime agents of perdi-
His translation of Wallenstein' I have heard commended
by good judges, as superior to the drama whose language it pro-
fesses to speak; and his 'Remorse,' though a play for the closet
rather than the stage, has passages full of passion and fire. In
prose his powers are not all equal: he is occasionally, indeed, gra-
phic and lively, as when he gives an account of his voyage; often
dramatic in the description of his success as a preacher of lay ser-
mons; but he is too frequently obscure and mystical. . . . As bis
fame will be settled by his best poems, he is as sure of future repu-
tation as any poet of this age."-ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog. and
Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the last 50 years.
Coleridge, Sara Henry, 1803-1852, only daughter
of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and widow of his nephew,
Henry Nelson Coleridge; b. at Keswick. As the able edi-
tor of her father's works, (q. v.,) as a translator, and by her
original compositions, she has added to the family laurels.
Trans. from the Latin of Martin Dobrizhoffer's Account
of the Abipones, an Equestrian People of Paraguay, Lon.,
1822, 3 vols. 8vo.
“My dear daughter's translation of this book is, in my judg
ment, unsurpassed for pure mother English."-S. T. COLERIDGE.
The reader will find the work a most interesting account
of savage life. Phantasmion, a Tale, 1837, 8vo.
"Phantasmion' is not a poem; but it is poetry from begin-
A Fairy Tale, unique in
ning to end. and has many poems in it.
its kind. pure as a crystal in diction, tinted like the opal with the
bues of an ever-springing sunlit fancy."-Lom. Quarterly Keview.
Pretty Lessons for Good Children, 18mo.
"With an imagination like a prism, shedding rainbow changes
on her thoughts, she shows study without the affectation of it,
and a Greek-like closeness of expression."
Coleridge, William Hart, D.D., 1790-1850, Bishop
of Barbadoes and the Leeward Islands, only son of Lukə
H. Coleridge, was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. In
1824 he was consecrated the first Bishop of Larbad es,
resigned in 1841, on account of the failure of his he th
406
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Address to Candidates for Holy Orders in the Diocese of
Barbadoes, Lon., 1829, 12mo. Charges delivered to the
Clergy of the Diocese of Barbadoes and the Leeward Is-
lands, Lon., 1835, 8vo. Sermons, Lon., 1841, '42.
Coles, Elisha, d. 1688, Steward of Magdalen College,
Oxford; subsequently Clerk to the East India Company.
Practical Discourse of God's Sovereignty, Lon., 1673, 4to.
14th ed., 1768.
"One of the most useful and the best known to all experimental
Christians of any written in any language."-DR. RYLAND.
"Coles is equally argumentative, Scriptural, and practical.”
DR. E. WILLIAMS.
"Many good thoughts, but hardly guarded enough."-BICKERS-
TETH.
Wm. Sellon wrote an answer to Coles, entitled, Defence
of God's Sovereignty against the impious and horrible As-
persions cast upon it by Elisha Coles, 1770, 12mo. Romaine
commends Coles's Discourse in high terms, and Dr. E.
Williams tells the following anecdote concerning it:
C
"When setting out in the ways of God, I found this book sin-
gularly useful. A carnal minister (who had gravely recommended
for my perusal Dean Swift's Tale of a Tub') observing my par
tiality to it, remarked with emotion. If the doctrines contained
in that book be true, I am sure to go to hell;' I then replied, what
I now deliberately confirm; 'If these doctrines be not true, I have
no hope of going to heaven.'"
We have read the work with the attention and interest
which the subject demands; but instead of giving our
opinion of its merits, we consider that we do better by
quoting both pro and con.
Coles, Elisha, b. about 1640, nephew of the preced-
ing, a schoolmaster, educated at Magdalen College. The
Complete English Schoolmaster, Lon., 1674, Svo. Short
Hand, 1674, 8vo. In this work he improves upon Mason.
English Dictionary, 1677, 8vo. Dictionary English-Latin,
Latin-English, 1677, 4to; 18th ed., 1772, Svo. Harmony
of the Four Evangelists, 1671, Svo. Other educational
works. Dictionary of Heraldry, 1725, Svo, &c.
Coles, Gilbert, D.D. Theophilus and Philodoxus,
Lon., 1674, 4to; rel. to Ch. of England and Ch. of Rome.
Coles, Joseph. England to be walled with Gold,
and to have the Silver as plentiful as the Stones of the
Street, Lon., 1700, 4to. This prophecy still awaits the
time of its fulfilment.
Coles, R. Certayne Godly Exercises, &c., Lon., Svo.
Coles, Thomas. Sermon, 1813.
Coles, Thomas, D.D. Sermon, 1664, 4to.
Coles, William. See COLE.
Colet, John, D.D. 1466-1519, Founder of St. Paul's
School; entered Magdalen College, Oxford, 1483: Rector
of Denington, 1485; of Thyrning in the same year; Dean
of St. Paul's, 1505. His lectures, and those of his coadju-
tors Grocyn and Sowle, did much to prepare the way for
the Reformation by calling public attention to the Holy
Scriptures. The boldness of Colet excited the animosity
of Dr. Fitz James, Bishop of London. Whilst travelling
on the Continent, Colet became acquainted with Budæus,
Erasmus, and other learned men, and studied the Greek
tongue, then much neglected in England: so much so in-
deed, that it was a proverb, Cave à Græcis, ne fias hæreti-
cus-Beware of Greek, lest you become a heretic. Its in-
troduction at Oxford was violently opposed. Colet, whilst
yet living, appropriated his property to the founding of
St. Paul's School. He appointed William Lilly first master
in 1512.
Responsis ad Dissertatiunculam Erasmi de Pavore, Colon.,
1519. 4to. Oratio habita à Doctore Johanne Colet, De-
cano Sancti Pauli, ad Clerum in Convocatione, anno 1511.
Rudimenta Grammatices à Joanne Coleto, Decano Sancti
Pauli, Londin., in Usum Scholæ ab ipso Institutæ, [com-
monly called Paul's Accidence,] 1539, Svo. The Con-
struction of the Eight Parts of Speech, entitled Absolutis-
simus de octo orationis Partium constructione libellus.
This, with some alterations and considerable additions,
forms the syntax in Lilly's Grammar, Antwerp, 1530, Svo.
Daily Devotions, Lon., 1693, Svo. Monition to a Godly
Life, 1534, Svo. Epistolæ ad Erasmum. Serm. on Rom.
xii. 2, on Conforming and Reforming, Camb., 1661, 12mo;
see the Phoenix, ii. iii. 23. Life of Dean Colet, by Dr. Sa-
mucl Knight, Lon., 1724, Svo; ditto, by Erasmus, see
Phoenix, ii. 13; and see Wordsworth's Eccl. Biog. i. 433;
Statutes of Dean Colet, Lon., 1816, Svo.
"He [Bishop Fitz James] would have made the old dean Colet
of Paules an heretick for translating the Pater noster in English,
had not the bishop of Canterbury (Warham) helpt the dean."—
FYNDAL: answer unto M. More.
"He should have bin burnt if God had not turned the King's
heart to the contrarie."-Latimer's Sermons, 1595, 4to.
"So exquisitely learned, that all Tully's works were as familiar
to him, as his epistles. He was also no stranger to Plato and Plo
tinus, whom he not only read, but conferred and paralleled, perusing
the one as a commentary on the other. And as for the mathema-
ticks, there was scarce any part thereof wherein he was not seen
above his years."-Wood's account of Colet, at the time when he
was licensed to proceed in arts."
The reader, however, is to understand that Colet read
Plato and Plotinus through the medium of the Latin
translations: Greek was scarce in Colet's college-days.
The statutes of St. Paul's School require that the master
is to be "learned in good and clene Latin literature, and
also in Greke, if such may be gotten,"
Colet, John A. Review of the Life and Writings of
John Wesley, Lon., 1791, 8vo. Letter to Thos. Coke and
H. More, 1792, 8vo.
Colevenman, John. True Alarm, Lon., 1654, fol.
Coley, Henry. Clavis Astrologica, Lon., 1669, 8vo;
1676, 8vo. Almanack for 1690, &c. Starry Messenger for
1681, Lon., 12mo.
1681, Lon., 12mo. Coley, once a tailor, became a noted
astrologer.
Coley, James M., M.D. Profes. treatises, 1806-12.
A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Children, Lon.,
1846, 8vo.
"A very useful and interesting addition to medical literature."
-Lm. Lancet.
Coley, William. Ague at Bridgeworth, 1785, 8vo.
Colgan, John, an Irish friar, Mendicant, and Divinity
Lecturer in the University of Louvain. Acta Sanctorum
veteris et Majoris Scotia, seu Hiberniæ Sanctorum Insulæ,
&c., Lovanii, 1645, fol.
"In this volume he has hooked in most of the old holy-men and
women in England and Scotland: so that even Dempster himself
could not be more intent on multiplying the Scotch army of saiuts
and martyrs. than Colgan of raising recruits for that of his own
native country."-BISHOP NICOLSON: Irish Hist. Library.
Acta Triadis Thaumaturgæ sive ivorum Patricii, Co-
lumbæ et Brigidæ, &c., Lovanii, 2 vols. fol.
"Into these he has transcribed all the long and short lives that
he could meet with. either in print or manuscript, which had been
written of these three famous and contemporary saints.”—Ubi
supra.
These three vols. were marked in a bookseller's cata-
logue, £20.
Tractatus de Vita Joannis Scoti Doctoris Subtilis, Ant-
werp, 1655, Svo.
Colinson, Robert. Book Keeping, Edin., 1683.
Collard, John, pub. some works under his name re-
versed, i. e., JOHN DRALLOc. Life, &c. of J. H. Hobers,
Lon., 1794, 2 vols. 12mo. Epitome; 2d ed., called The Es-
sentials of Logic, 1796, Svo. Praxis of Logic for Schools,
1799, 8vo.
Collard, Thomas. The Fatal Period, 1748, Svo; on
Ezek. xviii. 31.
College, Stephen. His Trial, &c., 1681, fol.
Collens, John. To the Anabaptists, Lon., 1560, 4to.
Colles, Abraham, M.D. Surgical Anatomy, part 1,
Dubl., 1811, Svo. Lectures on Surgery, Lon., 1845, 2 vols.
12mo.
"Even without the precious impress of Mr. Colles's name, any
practical man looking over these pages would at once perceive that
he was reading the doctrine of a master in the art.”—Brit. and
For. Medical Review.
Colles, Richard. Reports in Parliament, 1697-1713,
Dubl., 1789, Svo. This forms vol. Sth of Brown's Cases.
Collet, Henry. Laws rel. to Estates, &c., 1754, Svo.
Collet, John, M.D. Med. Trans., 1772. Phil. Trans.,
xi. $7.
Collet, Joseph. Sermons, 1713, '42.
Collet, Samuel. Paraphrase on the 7 Cath. Epistles;
after the manner of Dr. S. Clarke's Parap. on the Evangel.
1734, Svo.
Collet, Samuel, M.D. Restor. of the Jews, 1747.
Collet, Stephen. Relics of Literature, Lon., 1823,8vo.
"Contains upwards of 260 very amusing articles, many of them
notices of Rare and Curious Books."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
This is a work which should be in the possession of
every bibliographer.
Colleton, John. Defence of some Priests, Lon., 1602.
Collett, J. Three Discourses, 1774, Svo.
Collett, John. Sacred Dramas, 1805, 12mo.
Colley, John. Observation con. Religion, 1612, 4to.
Colliber, Samuel. Columna Rostrata: or a Critical
Hist. of English Sea Affairs, 1727. Theolog. treatises,
1719, 34, 35, 37.
Collier, Arthur. Clavis Universalis; or a New In-
quiry after Truth, Lon., 1713, Svo. Serms., 1713, '16, 30.
Collier, Giles. Answer to E. Fisher's 15 Questions,
Serms.. Oxf., 1661.
Lon., 1656. 4to. Vindicia Thesium de Sabbato, 1656.
Collier, Miss Jane. Art of Tormenting, 1753, 4to.
New edit., entitled The Art of Ingeniously Tormenting,
407
COL
COL
wit proper rules for the exercise of that agreeable study,
Lon., 180, 8vo. What a subject for a lady's pen!
was consecrated a bishop by Dr. Hickes, one of the Non-
juring clergy. Dr. Hickes had received consecration at
Collier, Jeremy, 1650-1726, an English Nonjuring the hands of the deprived bishops of Norwich, Ely, and
bishop of great celebrity, was b. at Stow-with-Quy, in Peterborough. Collier was a man of estimable character,
Cambridgeshire. His father and grandfather were both and, as we shall presently see, one of the greatest literary
clergymen of the Church of England. In 1669 he was benefactors ever enjoyed by England. One of his princi-
admitted a poor scholar of Caius College, Cambridge. He pal works was Essays upon Several Moral Subjects, part 1,
was ordained deacon in 1676, and took priest's orders the pub. 1697; part 2, 1703; part 3, 1705. Part 1 consists of
year following. After officiating
After officiating for some time at the six Essays: 1. Pride. 2. Clothes. 3. Duelling. 4. Ge-
Countess-dowager of Dorset's in Knowle, in Kent, in 1679 neral Kindness. 5. The Office of a Chaplain. 6. The
he removed to the rectory of Ampton, near St. Edmund's weakness of Human Reason. The four first are in dia-
Bury in Suffolk. In 1685 he removed to London, and ac-logue, written with great spirit and vivacity. The two last
cepted the post of lecturer at Gray's Inn. He pub. a
are continued discourses.
Sermon in 1686, and The Office of a Chaplain, in 1688.
At the Revolution he refused the oath of allegiance, and
with that undaunted courage and zeal which always dis-
tinguished him, he openly espoused the cause of James II.,
and vindicated the refusal of his Nonjuring brethren. We
remember an acute observation of Mr. Burke, to the effect
that it is sometimes as necessary to satisfy people with
what they have done, as it is to stimulate those to action
who are undecided. It was somewhat such conviction as
this which caused Bishop Burnet to put forth in 1688 his
Inquiry into the present State of Affairs, and in particu-
lar whether we owe Allegiance to the King in these cir-
cumstances, and whether we are bound to treat with him
and call him back again, or not? The Bishop says "not,"
very decidedly:
"He having given that just advantage against himself, which
came after all that series of injustice and violence that had gone
before it, no man can think that it was not very fitting to carry
it as far as it would go, and not to treat him any more upon the
foot of acknowledging him king."
This elicited from Collier an answer under the title of
The Desertion discussed in a letter to a Country Gentle-
man, Lon., 1688. In this reply the author states that there
was no abdication on the part of James, and that there
were no grounds, from the laws of the realm, to pronounce
the throne void in consequence of a retreat impelled by a
fear of personal danger. Edmund Bohun answered this
treatise, and takes occasion to give a very high character
of Collier:
"The author of it is my acquaintance and a person for whom I
have a great esteem, both on account of his profession, and of his
personal worth, learning, and sobriety, &c."
For this free expression of his opinions, our worthy Non-
juror was seized and committed to Newgate, where he
remained for some months. He pub., in 1689, A Transla-
tion of the Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, and Twelfth Books of
Sleidan's Commentaries; Vindici Juris Regii, or Remarks
upon a Paper entitled An Enquiry into the Measures of
Submission to the Supreme Authority; Animadversions
upon the modern Explanation of 2 Henry VII., chap. i.,
or a King de facto. In 1690, A Caution against Incon-
sistency, &c.
Cause of consi-
dered, 1691. For a number of years afterwards, indeed
until the time of his death, he was in the habit of attack-
ing his opponents by minor publications, in which his zeal
and honesty were very apparent. The most important of
his works we shall notice presently.
So conscientious was he, that being admitted to bail, the
government having the second time arrested him, he be-
came satisfied that he had done wrong in thus tacitly ad-
mitting the power of the government to exercise any legal
authority he therefore delivered himself up to Sir John
Holt, who, as we may readily suppose, when the good
divine had explained his scruples, did not at all hesitate
to exercise authority so far as to commit him to the King's
Bench. He was, however, speedily released on the appli-
cation of his friends.
The kingdom was thrown into great commotion in 1696
by the discovery of what has since been called the Assas-
sination Plot. An insurrection was to be promoted in fa-
vour of James, and King William was to be assassinated,
or made prisoner. On the 3d of April, Sir John Freind
and Sir William Perkins were executed for treason at Ty-
burn. On this occasion, Collier and two other clergymen,
Cook and Snatt, attended the unhappy men on the scaffold,
and administered absolution to them; although they had
justified what was styled their treason, in a paper delivered
to the sheriff immediately before their execution. This gave
great offence, and led to the imprisonment of Cook and
Snatt in Newgate, whence, however, they were speedily
released without a trial. Collier absconded, and was out-
lawed. Nothing daunted, however, by these frequent con-
flicts with the government, the courageous Jeremy put
forth a Defence of his Absolution given to Sir W. Perkins
at the place of Execution, Lon., 1694. In 1713 Collier
"That on the cffice of a chaplain is particularly laboured, and
has been looked upon as the author's masterpiece."
The Second Part contains Seventeen Discourses: 1. Fame.
2. Music. 3. The Value of Life. 4. The Spleen. 5. Eager-
ness of Desire.
ness of Desire. 6. Friendship. 7. Popularity. 8. The
Immateriality of the Soul. 9. The Entertainment of Books.
10. Confidence. 11. Envy. 12. The Aspects of Men.
13. Despair. 14. Covetousness. 15. Liberty. 16. Old
Age. 17. Pleasure.
Several of these are written in dialogue, but most of them
are discourses.
"They are all of them calculated to inform the understanding,
reform the mauners, and to give a right turn to the thoughts of
the reader."
In the Third Part the author treats of—1. Pain. 2. Re-
venge. 3. Authors. 4. Infancy and Youth. 5. Riches
and Poverty. 6. Debauchery. 7. Drunkenness. S. Usury.
9. The Character of an Apostle. 10. Of Solitude. Then
follows several miscellaneous pieces.
"If we abate the floweriness of the language, which was the
fashion, I will not say the fault, of that time, it will be difficult to
find any essays more capable of affording a rational pleasure than
those of our author."-DR. CAMPBELL.
In 1701 Collier pub. in 2 vols. folio, a. translation with
additions of Moreri's Great Historical Dictionary, under
the title of The Great Historical, Geographical, and Poeti-
cal Dictionary. This was well received; and in 1705, a
third volume appeared, under the title of A Supplement,
&c.; and in 1721, a fourth volume, called an Appendix,
was published. This bulky work is now in little request,
although very curious and worth more than the few shil-
lings asked for it by the London booksellers.
Before we notice the most useful purpose to which Col-
lier applied his very respectable talents, we shall devote a
few lines to the truly valuable Ecclesiastical History of
Great Britain, chiefly of England, from the first planting
of Christianity, to the death of Charles II.; with a brief
account of the affairs of religion in Ireland, collected from
the best ancient histories, councils, and records, Lon.,
This work called forth severe animadversion from three
1708-14, 2 vols. fol., (v. post for notice of a new edit.)
bishops, Nicolson of Derry, Burnet, and Kennett. But
our doughty warrior, who cared neither for kings nor
bishops, when he considered them in the wrong, and be-
ing" every inch" a bishop himself, again set the press to
work, and levelled his batteries against Bishops Burnet
and Nicolson in 1715, and despatched Bishop Kennett
two years later. At one period the price of this work
had fallen very low.
66
I have seen many a copy sold for little more than waste paper.
But the age of book-vandalism is past.”—Dibdin.
It contains much matter not to be found in Mosheim,
especially many curious particulars relative to the theolo-
gical publications of the 16th century. Dr. Campbell
speaks highly of this work :
“The method in which this history is written is very clear and
exact, his authorities are constantly cited by the author, his re-
marks are short and pertinent, and with respect to the disserta-
tions that are occasionally inserted. they are such as tend to illus
trate and explain those perplexed points of which they treat, and
contribute thereby to the clearer understanding of the narration.
Taking the whole together, it will be found as judicious and
impartial a work, as the world, in doing justice to his talents,
could have expected it."
•
See conclusion of this article.
We now proceed to notice one of that small number of
books-of which the Letters of Pascal and the Romance
of Cervantes are instances-which have been found suffi-
ciently powerful to effect a revolution in public opinion,
or to awaken sufficient opposition to real or supposed evils,
publicly tolerated, to drive them into obscurity, or brand
them with disgrace. Our good bishop lived in those evil
days of corruption of morals which followed the stern
morality which distinguished the ascendency of the Puri-
tans. From the splendid antechamber of a depraved mo-
narch, to the humble tenement of the obscure artisan, the
"pestilence" of licentiousness "wasted at noonday,"lack-
408
Cor
COL
Ing even sufficient remains of virtue to make it willing to
wait for the twilight, with the less shameless libertinism
of the days of Job. This was pain and grief of heart to
the zealous Nonjuror. Compelled to dwell among them,
he "in hearing and seeing vexed his righteous soul from
day to day, "with that which, whilst he earnestly deplored,
it seemed hopeless to try to remedy.
That master painter, Mr. Macaulay, has given us a
sketch, in his own graphic style, of the morals of the time:
"Then came those days, never to be recalled without a blush—
the days of servitude without loyalty, and sensuality without
love, of dwarfish talents and gigantic vices, the paradise of cold
hearts and narrow minds, the golden age of the coward, the bigot,
and the slave. The king cringed to his rival that he might tram-
ple on his people, sunk into a viceroy of France, and pocketed with
complacent infamy, her degrading insults. and her more degrad-
ing gold. The caresses of harlots, and the jests of buffoons, regu-
lated the measures of a government, which had just ability enough
to deceive, and just religion enough to persecute. Crime suc-
ceeded to crime, and disgrace to disgrace, till the race, accursed
of God and man, was a second time driven forth, to wander on
the face of the earth, and to be a by-word and a shaking of head
to the nations."-MILTON: Ed. Review, xlii. 304.
The unsound condition of public and private morality
was faithfully reflected in the drama, and ostentatiously
displayed upon the stage:
"During the forty years which followed the Restoration, the
whole body of the dramatists invariably represent adultery-we
do not say as a peccadillo-we do not say as an error which the
violence of passion may excuse-but as the calling of a fine gentle
man-as a grace without which his character would be imperfect.
It is as essential to his breeding and to his place in society that
he should make love to the wives of his neighbours, as that he
should know French, or that he should have a sword at his side.
In all this there is no passion, and scarcely any thing that can be
called preference. The hero intrigues, just as he wears a wig; be
cause if he did not, he would be a queer fellow, a city prig, per-
haps a Puritan. All the agreeable qualities are always given to
the gallant. All the contempt and aversion are the portion of the
unfortunate husband. . . . The dramatist evidently does his best
to make the person who commits the injury graceful, sensible,
and spirited, and the person who suffers it a fool, or a tyrant, or
both."-Comic Dramatists of the Restoration.
There is nothing too wicked, nothing too absurd, to lack
advocates and apologists. Therefore we need not be sur-
prised to find Dennis, Drake and Filmer abetting, Leigh
Hunt defending, and Charles Lamb apologizing for, such
literary satyrs as Wycherly, Congreve, Farquhar, Van-
brugh, and, we are sorry to add, John Dryden.
The stage seemed to present an available point of attack
on the unclean monster of social corruption, and Collier
resolved to commence the war of extermination on its
stronghold. In 1698 he published A Short View of the
Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage, to-
gether with the Sense of Antiquity upon this Argument.
In the preface to this work, now before us, he briefly states
the object of his critique, and the necessity existing for a
rebuke of the character attempted:
6.
1
Being convinced that nothing has gone further in Debauching
the Age than the Stage-Poets and Play-House; I thought I could
not employ my Time better than in writing against them. These
men, sure, take Virtue and Regularity for Great Enemies; why
else is their disaffection so very remarkable? It must be said, |
they have made their attack with great Courage, and gained no
very inconsiderable Advantage. But it seems. Lewdness without
Atheism is but half their Business. Conscience might possibly
recover, and Revenge be thought on; and therefore like Foot-Pads,
they must not only Rob but Murther. . . . I confess I have no
Ceremony for Debauchery. For to Complement Vice, is but one
Remove from worshipping the Devil."
The first charge is the immodesty of the stage, and the
natural consequences of such indecency. He shows that
the theatres of the Greeks and Romans were far less guilty
in this respect than the English theatre.
theatre. In the latter
part of the first chapter, he quotes the testimony of Ben
testimony of Ben
Jonson, Beaumont and Fletcher, and Corneille against the
abuses which he condemns. Chap. 2d is entitled, "The
Profaneness of the Stage," which is proved by instances
of "Cursing and Swearing," "Blasphemy," "Abuse of Re-
ligion and the Holy Scriptures." He brings this grave
charge against the writings of Dryden, Congreve, Otway.
and Vanbrugh. Chap. 3d is entitled, "The Clergy abused
by the Stage." Chap. 4th considers the subject of "Im-
morality encouraged by the Stage." Chap. 5th is devoted
to miscellaneous reflections, "Remarks upon Amphytrion, |
On the Comical History of Don Quixote." &c. In chap. 6th
he reinforces his position by citations from Heathen philo-
sophers, Christian fathers, and Catholic councils. The
sale of this work was so large, that the 4th edition lying
before us bears the date of 1699; the first was published
March 1697-98.
That Collier, like zealous disputants generally, may in
some instances have stretched his indictment too far, and
mistaken levity for sin, and want of taste for want of de-
corum, can be allowed without denying him the character
to which he is justly entitled, of the Reformer of the Eng-
lish Stage. Not by any means that he cleansed entirely
the Augean Stable. He removed some abominations, but
many remained, and exist in destructive vitality to this
day. From that time to the present, the English and
American theatres have been the prime corrupters of the
morals of the people. The Stage is emphatically the
School of Vice. We have sometimes pleased ourselves
with the speculation that the drama might be purified, and
made an agent of innocent amusement, and historical,
perchance even moral, instruction: but we almost despair
of such a renovation. Certain it is, that conducted as
our theatres are at present, taking together that which is
acted upon, behind, and before the stage, we consider
that no one who has a proper regard for the interests of
morality can consistently lend his influence or counte-
nance to such demoralizing exhibitions.
If it should be thought that we are too severe in our judg-
ment, we answer that the facts of the case are in this, as
will prove that three out of every four young men who be-
in every other question, the best evidence. This evidence
come victims to licentiousness and intemperance are first
introduced to vice through the medium of the theatre. As
to the other sex-how fathers can permit their daughters,
husbands their wives, lovers the objects of their affections,
to have their eyes and ears offended by what must be heard
and witnessed by those who visit the theatres, is marvel-
lous indeed!
But to return to our subject. Collier's vigorous charge
threw the ranks of the enemy into great confusion. His
proofs were too strong to be evaded; his cause too good to
be disgraced by ridicule. When they had a little recovered
from the shock, Congreve made a feeble attempt at a de-
fence, which he entitled Amendments of Mr. Collier's falso
and imperfect citation from the Old Bachelor, the Double
Dealer, &c. Vanbrugh also came to the rescue of his sorely-
berated production, in a pamphlet which he called A Short
Vindication of The Relapse and the Provoked Wife. Nor
were these all. Collier had disturbed a hornet's nest: Set-
tle, and Dennis, and Drake, attacked him with impertinent
buzzing, though unable to sting. Wycherley was suspected
of being one of his assailants. Dr. Filmer took sides
against the redoubtable Nonjuror in A Defence of Plays,
which had better have been unwritten.
But a man who had the courage to deny the right of a
king to his throne, and to beard bishops upon their bench,
was not to be intimidated by a few licentious poets and
their apologists. He followed up bis first fire with unwa-
vering resolution, in the following publications: 1. A De-
fence of the Short View, &c., being a Reply to Mr. Con-
greve's Amendments, &c., and to the Vindication of the
author of the Relapse, Lon.. 1699. 2. A Second Defence
of the Short View, being a Reply to a Book entitled The
Ancient and Modern Stages Surveyed, &c., Lon., 1700.
This "Book" was written by Dr. Drake. 3. A farther Vin-
dication of the Short View, &c., in which the objections of
a late Book, entitled A Defence of Plays, are considered,
Lon., 170S.
House; in a letter to a Person of Quality, occasioned by
4. Mr. Collier's Dissuasive from the Play
the late calamity of the Tempest, Lon., 1703.
Collier's victory was not only decided, but overwhelming.
Dramatists and actors from that time felt that a healthful
public sentiment was in action, which would call them to
account for at least heinous offences, and they became more
circumspect, if not really more virtuous. It was not a
little to the credit of Dryden, that he attempted no defence
of that which he doubtless felt to be indefensible. He did
not even put forth that most foolish of all pleas, which we
are sorry to see sometimes used on behalf of others by
writers who should know better, that he was no worse thau
the prevailing tone of the times. If this be a valid defence,
how shall the world ever grow better? How did Collier
happen to be better than the times? Had they not the
same code of morality, in the inspired volume, two hun-
dred years ago, that we have now? To hear such apolo-
gists, we might suppose that the Scriptures were a recent
grant to mankind. Some years later, indeed, Dryden, in
referring to the subject in the preface to his "Fables," en-
tered a protest against the rough handling he had received,
and put in a plea to mitigate the force of the sentence,
but he winds up with a confession which is to the credit
of his candour. He finds fault with Collier's rudeness,
and the "horse play of his raillery." and declares that "in
many places he has perverted by his glosses the meaning"
of what he censures; but he admits that he is justly con
demned:
400
COL
COL
"I have pleaded guilty to all thoughts or expressions of mino
that can be truly accused of obscenity, immorality, or profaneness.
If Mr. Collier." He continues, be mine enemy, let him triumph;
if he be my friend, as I have given him no personal occasion to
be otherwise, he will be glad of my repentance.”
•
Dr. Johnson, in his Life of Congreve, gives an animated
description of the battle between Collier and the Dramatic
poets. Of the assailant, he remarks:
"He was formed for a controvertist; with sufficient learning;
with diction vehement and pointed. though often vulgar and in-
correct with unconquerable pertinacity: with wit in the highest
degree keen and sarcastic; and with all those powers exalted and
invigorated by just confidence in his cause. Thus qualified, and
thus incited, he walked out to battle, and assailed at once most
of the living authors from Dryden to D'Urfey. His onset was vio-
lent; those passages, which while they stood single bad passed
with little notice, when they were accumulated and exposed to-
gether. excited horror; the wise and the pious caught the alarm;
and the nation wondered why it had so long suffered irreligion
and licentiousness to be openly taught at the public charge. No
thing now remained for the poets but to resist or fly. Dryden's
conscience, or his prudence, angry as he was, withheld him from
the conflict. Congreve and Vanbrugh attempted answers..
The stage found other advocates, and the dispute was protracted
through ten years:-but at last Comedy grew more modest: and
Collier lived to see the reward of his labour in the reformation of
the theatre. Of the powers by which this important victory was
achieved, a quotation from 'Love for Love,' and the remark upon
it, may afford a specimen:
―――
เ
Sir Sampson Sampson's a very good name: for your Sampsons
were strong dogs from the beginning.
CUC
Ang lica. Have a care! If you remember, the strongest
Sampson of your name pull'd an old house over his head at last!
"Here you have the Sacred History burlesqued; and Sampson
once more brought into the house of Dagon to make sport for the
Philistines.' [Collier's Comment."]
For a graphic sketch of this controversy, and of the
dramatic poetry of the time, we refer the reader to Mr.
Macaulay's Comic Dramatists of the Restoration, Edin-
burgh Review, January, 1841. The Reviewer admits the
occasional errors in his indictment, into which an honest
zcal betrayed the author of the Short View, but agrees
with the verdict of the day, that
"When all these deductions have been made. great merit must
be allowed to this work. There is hardly any book of that time
from which it would be possible to collect specimens of writing so
excellent and so various. To compare Collier with Pascal would
indeed be absurd. Yet we hardly know where, except in the
Provincial Letters. we can find mirth so harmoniously and becom-
ingly blended with solemnity, as in the Short View. In truth, all
the models of ridicule. from broad fun to polished and antithetical
sarcasm, were at Collier's command. On the other hand, he was
complete master of the rhetoric of honest indignation. We scarcely
know any volume which contains so many bursts of that eloquence
which comes from the heart, and goes to the heart. Indeed the
spirit of the book is truly heroic. . . .
. . Congreve's answer was a
complete failure. He was angry, obscure, and dull. Even the
Green Room and Will's Coffee House were compelled to acknow-
ledge, that in wit the parson had a decided advantage over the
poet."
Collier has received ample commendation from many
quarters:
"I question whether any man can read Swift's Tale of a Tub, or
Don Quevedo's Visions, without finding himself the worse for it.
In regard to all such indiscreet applications of wit, every young
student may guard his mind, and rectify his judgment. by read-
ing Mr. Collier's View of the Profaneness and Immorality of the
English Stage; a book which brought Dryden to repentance, and
does indeed beggar every work upon the same argument. It is
the triumph of wit over scurrility; of piety over profaneness; of
learning over ignorance; and of Christianity over Atheism."-Letter
from a Tutor to his Pupils.
"It was certainly a very bold thing in Mr. Collier to attack at
once the Wits and Witlings of those times: among the first were
Mr. Dryden. Mr. Congreve, and Mr. Vanbrugh; among the latter,
were Tom Durfey and many more; but he is certainly to be com-
mended for forming so good a design as that of reducing the stage
to order, and thereby preventing the morals of mankind from be-
ing corrupted. where they ought to be amended "-DR. CAMPBELL.
The public opinion ran so much against the defenders of the
theatre. and in favour of their enemy. that King William consi-
dered Mr. Collier's book as a work which entitled the author of it
to some lenity in a prosecution then carrying on in consequence
of errors in his political conduct."-Preface to Sup. to Dodsley's
Coll, of Old Plays.
Cibber observes that the calling our dramatic writers to
this strict account had a very wholesome effect upon those
who wrote after this time. They were now a great deal
more upon their guard; indecencies were no longer wit;
and by degrees the fair sex came again to fill the boxes on
the first day of a new comedy, without fear or censure.
We may be allowed to repeat the opinion that neither at
that, nor at any subsequent time, has the box of the theatre
been the most proper place in the world for a modest and
refined woman. In concluding our notice of this warm-
hearted, exemplary, and truly excellent divine, we should
not forget to mention that Father Courbeville speaks in
the highest terms of Collier's Miscellaneous Works, which
he declares set him on a level with Montaigne, St. Evre-
410
mond, La Bruyère, &c. He made a translation of the Short
View into French, which gave him an opportunity of re-
newing his commendation. Collier has been suspected of
a leaning to popery, because, towards the close of his life,
he "mixed water with wine in the Eucharist, made the
sign of the cross in confirmation, employed oil in the visi-
tation of the sick, and offered up prayers for the dead."
But we have many instances of an adoption of some par-
ticular ceremonies, and even doctrines of ecclesiastical
communion, whilst other portions of the same code are ve-
hemently denounced.
Bishop Burnet indeed complains of our author's Eccle-
siastical History on this wise:
"There appeared to me quite through the second volume, such
a constant inclination to favour the popish doctrine, and to cen-
sure the Reformers, that I should have had a better opinion of the
author's integrity, if he had professed himself to be not of our
communion, nor of the communion ofany other Protestant Church.”
Preface to the Hist. of the Reformation of the Church of England.
Now we believe the bishop to have been a truly honest
man, many opinions to the contrary; but the charges of a
party writer, and voteran disputant, must always be re-
ceived with caution, and Bishop Burnet was "a man of war
from his youth."
M
We are pleased to notice the appearance of a new edition
of Collier's Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain, from
the first planting of Christianity to the Reign of Charles
the Second, with a brief Account of the affairs of Religion
in Ireland, with Life of the Author by Thomas Lathbury,
the Controversial Tracts connected with the History, and
a new and much enlarged Index, 9 vols. Svo, 1852.
"There are only two writers of the genuine History of our Church
who deserve the name of historians, Collier and Fuller."-Bishop
Warburton's Directions to a Student in Theology,
“Collier died in the year 1726; his Church History is still one of
our most, if not the most valuable of our Ecclesiastical Histories,
and all his works display talents of no ordinary kind.”—LATHBURY,
Lon., 1774, Svo. '76 and '85, 12mo.
Collier, Joel. Musical Travels through England,
This is a burlesque
of the Musical Travels of DR. BURNEY (q. v.) Alexander
Bicknell wrote part of it, and Peter Beckford the latter
portion.
Collier, John. Compendium Artis Nauticæ, 1729.
8vo. Life of Christ, &c., 1797, 2 vols. Svo. Animation
Collier, John. Jewish History, Lon., 1791, 2 vols.
and Intellect, 1800, Svo. Reanimation from the Repro-
duction of Vegetable Life, and the renewal of Life, after
Death, in Insects, 1809, Svo.
Collier, John. Works of Tim Bobbin, Esq., in Prose
and Verse, with Life of the Author, by John Corry Roch-
dale, 1819, r. Svo. Other pub. under name of Tim Bobbin,
1763, '62, '65, 1810.
Collier, John.
Essay on Charters, Newc., 1777.
Svo.
Collier, John Dye. Law of Patents, Lon., 1803,
Life of Abraham Newland, Esq., 1808, 12mo.
Collier, John Payne, b. in London, 1789, was en-
tered a student of the Middle Temple at the age of 20, but
found the attractions of Blackstone insufficient to overcome
the blandishments of Elizabethan literature. He occa-
sionally relieved his poetical studies by contributions to
the Morning Chronicle, the Literary Review, the Edin-
burgh Magazine, &c. In 1820 he pub. in 2 vols. r. Svo,
The Poetical Decameron, or Ten Conversations on English
Poets and Poetry, particularly of the Reigns of Elizabeth
and James. The reader should secure this work.
"Few books lately published contain so much valuable and ori-
ginal information."-HALLAM.
The Poet's Pilgrimage, a Poem, appeared in 1822. This
was an early composition. In 1825-27 he pub, an edit. of
Dodsley's Old Plays, to which he added six dramas, and
in a supplementary vol. (1828) he pub. five more dramas
temp. Elizabeth. In 1831, in 3 vols. p. Svo, appeared his
excellent History of English Dramatic Poetry to the Time
of Shakspeare, and Anuals of the Stage to the Restoration.
"As an authority in all points connected with the history of the
stage, the production of Mr. Collier not only stands alone in our
literature, but it may be said, that he has so thoroughly sifted and
discussed the subject, as to have left little or nothing to reward
the labour of future inquirers."-Lon. New Mon. Mug., Aug 1831.
“A valuable record of the British Stage.”—Metropol., Aug 1831.
Mr. Collier now found a labour of love in the compila-
tion of a Bibliographical and Critical Catalogue of Lord
Ellesmere's Collection of Rare English Books. This was
privately printed. In his examination of the treasures of
Lord Ellesmere's Library, Mr. Collier discovered some
precious documents, which threw much light upon the bis-
tory of our (for we Americans claim a property in Shaks.
peare) great dramatist, and from these papers and other
records, he compiled his New Facts regarding the Life of
Shakspeare, pub. in 1835. In the next year appeared New
COL
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Particulars, and in 1839, Further Particulars, concerning
the same
"great argument." In 1842-44 appeared the
result of more than thirty years' toil, in the shape of a new
edit. of The Works of Shakspeare, the text formed from
an entirely new collation of the old Editions, with the va-
rious Readings, Notes, a Life of the Poet, and a History of
the Early English Stage, 8 vols, Svo; new ed., 1858, 6 vols.
8vo. See Lon. Athen., No. 1592. This work was preceded in
1841 by a List of Reasons for a New Edition of Shakspeare's
Plays, which should be studied as a model for all editora.
"Mr. Collier is entitled to the praise of having brought together
all the known facts that in any way bear upon the life of Shaks-
peare."-Lon. Spectator.
"Thirty years of unwearied research into the history of his au-
thor entitle Mr. Collier to be heard.”—Lon. Athenæum.
The most perfect text with the fewest possible notes. Whoever
wants to know what Shakspeare wrote must refer to Collier's edi-
tion."-Lom. Monthly Magazine.
Mr. Collier's Memoirs of the Principal Actors in the
Plays of Shakspeare appeared in 1846. In 1847 Mr. C.
Fub. A Book of Roxburghe Ballads.
"In spite of our own anticipations. and in spite of Mr. Collier's
own editorial spirit, we have here put forth by that gentleman a
volume, which, if we mistake not. will do more for revolutionizing,
and more for amending, the printed words of Shakspeare, than all
the critics whose labours fill the one-and-twenty volumes of the
Variorum Edition."-Lon. Gent. Mug.. April, 1853.
"It will form henceforth an'inseparable pendant to the received
additions, and most undoubtedly take the lead over every other
compilation of Notes and Emendations.' It is not going too far
to pronounce that in intrinsic value it is fairly worth all the rest.""
-Dublin University Mug., March, 1853.
:
C
Collier, Nathaniel. Sermons, 1714-52.
Collier, R. P.
R. P. A Treatise on the Law relating to
Mines, Lon., 1849, 1 vol. 8vo; Pbíla, 1853.
Collier, Thomas. Sermons and theolog. treatises,
1646-91.
"Men have acquired reputation by a single emendation of Shaks-
peare; learned editors have exceedingly plumed themselves upon
a few successful hits; the best critics have done but little-here
we have a book that ‘at one fell swoop' knocks out a thousand
errors, for the most part so palpable, when once pointed out. that
no one can deny their existence, and substitutes emendations so
clear that we cannot hesitate to accept them.”—Lon. Athenæum,
"The corrections which Mr. Collier has here given to the world,
are, we venture to think, of more value than the labours of nearly
all the critics on Shakspeare's text put together."-Lon. Lit. Gazette.
See also the Lon. Examiner, Jan. 29, 1853; Morning
Chronicle, March 28, 1853; Northampton Mercury, Feb.
12, 1853; Bell's Messenger, Feb. 5, 1853: Fraser's Maga-
zine, March 1853. But veteran critics, who had been fight-
ing for half a century over half a dozen "emendations,"
were by no means disposed to swallow twenty thousand at
once. The commentators gave "horrid note of war," and
Mr. Collier was soon stoutly assailed by those who felt
themselves so far outdone in "emendations."
Of course,
we, occupying the position of a Recorder, not of a Judge,
do not profess to have any opinion upon the subject. The
Rev. Mr. Dyce's review of the Folio (Lon., 1853) will as-
sist the reader in his inquiry; and he is also referred to a
volume, pub. in New York, 1854, entitled Shakspeare's
Scholar, by Richard Grant White, A.M.
Collier, Joseph. Obs. on Iron and Steel; in Soc.
Obs. on Iron and Steel; in Soc.
of Manches. Mem., v. 109.
Collier, Joshua. Double Entry, 1796, 4to.
Collier, W., d. 1803, aged 61. Poems, 1800, 2 vols. 8vo.
Collier, William. Sermons, 1744, &c.
Collignon, Charles, M.D., d. 1785, Profes. of Ana-
tomy in the University of Cambridge. Compendium Ana-
tomico Medicum, &c., 1756, 4to. The Human Body, Camb.,
1794, 8vo. Medicina Politica, &c., Lon., 1765, Svo. Moral
and Medical Dialogue, Lon., 1769, 8vo. Miscell. Works,
Lon., 1786, 4to. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1772.
Collin, Nicholas, Rector of the Swedish Churches,
Pennsylvania. Con. to Trans. Americ. Soc., 1799: 1413,
476, 519; philology, &c.
Colling, James K.
Details of Gothic Architecture,
Lon., 1850-52, 4to. Gothic Ornaments drawn from Chris-
tian Authorities, Lon., 1847-50, 4to.
"Mr. Collier has made a most interesting and valuable addition
to our store of old ballads by the publication of this volume, which
embra es a class almost wholly overlooked by former editors."-ject.
Lom. Mning Chronicle.
"Mr. Collier's volume is a treasure of curiosities, rich as well as
rare."
In 1848 appeared Shakspeare's Library, a Collection of
the Ancient Romances, Novels. Legends, Poems, and His-
tories used by Shakspeare as the foundation of his Dramas.
Now first collected, and accurately reprinted from the Ori-
ginal Editions, with Introductory Notices, 2 vols. 8vo.
This valuable work places in the hands of the reader, for a
few shillings, matter that could before have been purchased
only by an outlay of hundreds of pounds, and which was
in many cases altogether inaccessible. In the same year
Mr. C. pub. Extracts of the Registers of the Stationers'
Company of Books entered for publication, 1555-70. In
the midst of his many labours, Mr. C. has occasionally
found time to promote the objects of three societies in
which he felt deeply interested :—he has edited several
works for the Camden and Shakspeare Societies, and con-
tributed to the Transactions of the Society of Antiquaries,
of which body he was made Vice-President in 1850. But
it is by his last publication that Mr. Collier has produced
a terrible excitement among the antiquaries and Shakspea-
rian critics, real and mock. In 1849 Mr. C. purchased
from Thomas Rodd a folio Shakspeare of 1632, which
proved to be full of emendations, which a little examina-
tion satisfied the happy possessor were entitled to great
respect, as the intelligent annotations of an early hand.
In 1852 Mr. C. put forth a volume with his newly-found
treasures displayed to the eyes of a curious world. The
critics-many of them, certainly-were in cestasies.
Every contribution towards a more accurate knowledge of our
ancestors is worthy of commendation, and the work before us is
The colours are magnincent, and beautifully printed."-Lon.
one of the most elaborate which has been published with this ob
Civil Engineer and Architect.
To young Architects the series will be invaluable."-Jerrold's
Newspaper.
Nonconformist divine, educated at Emanuel College, Cam-
Collinges, or Collings, John, D.D., 1623-1690, a
bridge, was ejected from the living of St. Stephen's, Nor-
wich, in 1662. He wrote a portion of the commentaries
in Poole's Arotations on the Bible, and pub. a number
of serms. and theolog, works. See Watt's Bibl. Bib. Par
Nobile, Lon., 1669, Sro. A Cordial for a Fainting Soul,
1652, 4to. Discourses of the Actual Providence of God,
1678, 4to.
"What Collings has written on Providence is well performed."-
COTTON MATHER,
Co
Scriptural and spiritual."-Bickersteth.
"A man of great worth and reputation, one of general learning,
signal piety, and eminent ministerial abilities. He was a spiritual
father to beget many souls to Christ by the Gospel. He was emi-
nent in the grace of love to saints as saints."-Calamy's Nonom-
formist's Memorial.
Collings, John. Life and Death of Mary Simpson;
with her Funeral Sermon, 1619, 4to.
Collingwood, Francis. The House-Keeper, Lon.,
1792, Svo.
Collingwood, G. L. N. Memoirs and Correspond-
ence of Vice-Admiral Lord Collingwood, Lon., 5th ed.,
1837, 2 vols. 12mo.
It is a work which will occupy a permanent place in the Eng.
secured to posterity."—Lon. Quarterly Kec.
lish Library. . . . The portrait of one English worthy more is now
"We do not know when we have met with so delightful a book
as this. or one with which we are so well pleased with ourselves
for being delighted."-Elin. Review.
Collingwood, John. The Church, Apostolic, Pri-
mitive, and Anglican: a series of Serms., Lon., 1850, Svo.
Collingwood, Thomas. Con. to Med. Com., 1785, 93.
Colinne, William. Fanatics Dissected, 1660, 4to.
Collins. Sermon, Lon., 1663, 4to.
Collins. Chapter of Kings, Lon., 16mo.
Collins, Anne. Divine Songs and Meditation, Lon.,
1653, sm. Svo. A very rare volume. Priced in Bibl. Anglo-
Poet. £18. There is an edit. 1658, sm. Svo.
6.
Her poetic turn and moral sentiment are both deserving of
praise." See Restituta, iii. 123-7, 180–4.
Collins, Anthony, 1676-1729, a native of Heston,
near Hounslow, in Middlesex, was educated at Eton and
King's College, Cambridge. He was entered a student in
the Temple, but soon abandoned the law for the cultiva-
Unfortunately, he selected a department far beyond his
tion of such literary pursuits as might strike bis fancy.
depth.-theology. Essay concerning the Use of Reason,
&c., Lon., 1707, Svo. In the same year he took part in
the controversy between Dodwell and Samuel Clarke re-
specting the natural immortality of the soul. On this sub-
ject Collins pub.
ject Collins pub. four pieces, 1707, 08.
four pieces, 1707, 08. Priesteraft in
Perfection, 1710, Svo. This work attacks the XXth Arti-
cle of the Church of England. It elicited several answers
and comments, (see prefatory epistle to Dr. Bennet's Essay
on the XXXIX. Articles, 1715, Svo,) which were responded
to by Collins in 1724 in his Hist. and Crit. Essay on the
XXXIX. Articles. Vindication of the Divine Attributes,
1710, Svo. Discourse on Freethinking, 1713, Sro. This
work caused much excitement, and Collins, alarmed, as
it was supposed, at the noise he had created, took a trip
(the second) to Holland, and remained on the Continent
for some months.
"In this work Collins inveighs against the vices of the clergy,
and attempts to prove that the divisions among Christians are a
proof of the uncertainty of their priuciples.”—BOGUE.
411
COL
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Several answers appeared, and the great Dr. Bentley
despatched the Discourse at a single blow in his Remarks
upon a Late Discourse of Freethinking, in a Letter to F.
H., D.D., [Dr. Francis Hare,] in two parts, by Philileuthe-
rus Lipsiensis, Lon., 1713, 8vo, 1719; and Camb., 1743,
8vo. In the next year, 1714, Lon., Svo., Dr. Hare pub.
The Clergyman's Thanks to Philileutherus, &c. Bentley's
work was trans. into several foreign languages.
"It should be studied by every man who is desirous of forming
just notions of biblical criticism. His observations on the various
readings of the New Testament are especially worthy of attention."
-ORME: Bibl. Bib.
Philosophical Inquiry concerning Human Liberty and
Necessity, 1715, '17, Svo: trans. into French, and printed
by Des Maizcaux in the Recueil de Pièces sur la Philoso-
phie, &c., Amst., 1720, 2 vols. 12mo. A Discourse of the
Grounds and Reasons of the Christian Religion, 1724, Svo.
"In this the author maintains that Christianity derives no con-
firmation from the prophecies of the Old Testament.”—Bogue.
"Collins is one of the most subtle and mischievous of his tribe.
He rejects as inadmissible every kind of testimony in behalf of
Christianity, except that which may be drawn from Prophecy li-
terally accomplished: and this he represents as the sole and exclu-
sive evidence on which our Lord and his Apostles rested the proof
of the Christian Faith."-BISHOP VAN MILDERT.
See Leland's Deistical Writers; Collier's Eccles. Hist.;
Whiston's Life; Biog. Brit.; Curll's Collec. of Letters.
Collins, Arthur, 1682-1760, a laborious antiquary
and heraldic writer. Late in life he received a pension of
£400 from George II. Peerage of England: first ed.,
Lon., 1709, 8vo; many edits.; the 3d ed., being the last
pub. under the superintendence of the author, contains
memorials and letters of Henry, Earl of Northumberland,
which were suppressed in the subsequent edits. A new
edit., augmented and continued to 1812, was pub. by Sir
Egerton Brydges in 1812, 9 vols. 8vo.
The work of Sir Egerton Brydges is one of the highest value.
In the hands of a man of genius the annals of the noble families
of England acquire all the historical interest that the subject de-
mands."
·
Baronettage of England, 1720, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., en-
titled An. Hist. and General Account of Baronets, &c.,
1742, 2 vols. Svo.
"This work is of necessary reference to the genealogical writer,
as containing accounts of families which became extinct previous
to any subsequent publication."-LOWNDES.
The English Baronage, 1727, 4to, vol. i.; all pub. This
was intended as a specimen of a Baronage upon an ex-
tended plan. Life of W. Cecil, Lord Burleigh, 1732, Svo.
Proceedings, Precedents, &c. on claims and controversies
concerning Baronies, &c., 1734, fol. Antiquaries, and
members of the legal profession, should have this volume
on their shelves. Life, &c. of Edward, Prince of Wales,
son of Edward III., 1740, 8vo. Family of Harley, 1741,
8vo. Sidney's Family Collections of Letters and Memo-
rials of State, 1746, 2 vols. fol. Hist. Collections of the
Noble Families of Cavendish, Holles, Vere, Harley, and
Ogle, Lon.. 1752, fol. Compiled at the request of the
Countess Dowager of Oxford.
"The merit of Collins's works is unquestionable, and to the
present day they have continued the great authorities to which
all subsequent writers on the same subject have had recourse.”.
MOULE.
publications.
This discourse was replied to by Whiston, Bishop Chan-
dler, Dr. Samuel Clarke, Dr. Sykes, and Dr. Sherlock, and
others: no less than 35 answers appeared. Whiston treats.
"Collins and Toland in very severe terms, as guilty of
impious frauds and laycraft."
"Collins was the register of all the new improvements made in
the mathematical science; the magazine to which all the curious
bad recourse; and the common repository where every part of
useful knowledge was to be found. It was on this account that
the learned styled him the English Mercenus.'"
See Biog. Brit.; Martin's Biog. Philos.
<
In 1726 Collins pub. Scheme of Literal Prophecy con-
sidered, in view of the controversy occasioned by a late
book, entitled A Discourse of the Grounds, &c., Hague, 2
vols. 12mo; with corrections, Lon., 1727, Svo. Letter to
Collins, John M., and Ludlow, James R., editors
of the 2d Amer. edit. of Adams's (John, Jr.) Equity, 1852,
Svo. The value of Mr. Adams's work on The Doctrine of
Dr. Rogers on his 8 serms. concerning the Necessity of Equity can hardly be exaggerated. It is a commentary on
Divine Revelation, Lon., 1727, 8vo.
the Law as administered by the Court of Chancery; being
the substance, with additions, of three series of Lectures
delivered before the Incorporated Law Society of London,
in the years 1842-45. The volume was pub. in Nov., 1849,
shortly after the death of the author, who had added his
final corrections to the whole of the work, with the excep-
tion of the last four chapters of the fourth book. The 3d
American ed., by H. Wharton, reflects great credit on the
editors and publishers.
"To the industry of Collins this country owes an account of its
Nobility which few others can show, and certainly none more cor-
rect in genealogical detail.”—DALLAWAY.
Collins, C. T. Summary of Mosheim's Eccl. Hist.,
Lon., 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. The Lost Church Found, 2d ed.,
1837, 8vo.
Collins, Charles, D.D., born 1813, at Cumberland,
Maine. Graduated at Wesleyan University, 1837. Presi-
dent of the Emory and Henry College, Va., from 1838 to
1852; in which year he became President of Dickinson
College, Pa. Principal work, Methodism and Calvinism
compared. Has contributed extensively to the Methodist
Journals of U. S.
Collins, Charles. Icones Avium, cum nominibus
Anglicis: Designed by C. Collins, H. Fletcher, and J.
Myrde, Sc., 1736; 8 Engravings.
Collins, David, 1756-1810, Judge Advocate of New
South Wales, subsequently Governor of Van Diemen's
Land. Account of the English Colony in New South
Wales, with some Particulars of New Zealand from Lt.
Gov. King's MSS., &c., Lon., 1798-1802, 2 vols. 4to.
"A singularly curious and painfully interesting Journal, which
may be considered as a sort of Botany Bay Calendar."-Lon.
Quarterly Review.
Collins, Francis. Voyages to Portugal, Spain, Sicily,
Malta, Asia Minor, Egypt, &c.,1794-1801, Lon., 1808, 12mo.
Collins, G. W. The Stamp Acts, Lon., 1841, Svo.
Collins, Greenville. G. B. Coasting Pilot, 1693, fol.
Collins, Hercules. Theolog. treatises, 1673-1702.
Collins, J. Sermons.
Collins, John, 1624–1683, an eminent mathematician,
a native of Wood Eaton, near Oxford, contributed greatly
to the diffusion of mathematical knowledge. Description
and use of three Quadrants, Lon., 1658, 4to. Geomet. and
Arithmet. Navigation, 1659, 4to. Geomet. Dialling, 1659,
Commercium Epistolicum, &c., 1712, 4to. Other
4to.
"The task of the American editors has been well performed.
Their notes are frequent, able, and full. Over two thousand cases
from our reports have been added. The typographical execution
of the work is of the highest order. In paper and printing, no
law books in the United States surpass the recent publications of
the Messrs. Johnson.”—American Law Kegister, Nov., 1852.
"The character of the work is well established, as is proved by
a demand for a second edition in this country, whose value is
much increased by the labours of its American editors.”—JUDGE
GRIER.
"The notes of Mr. Ludlow and Mr. Collins have been prepared
carefully, and embody very fairly the American decisions on the
topics discussed in the text."-JUDGE KANE,
Of the value of the original work I need not speak. The pre-
sent edition has been ably and carefully enriched with annotations,
which add greatly to its value. The notes are judicious and accu-
rate.”—JUDge Sharswood.
"The arrangement is clear and comprehensive; the doctrines
are generally stated with accuracy, and the whole subject is judi-
ciously presented."-E. SPENCER MILLER.
"It is a treatise of great merit and originality."-JAMES P. HOL
COMBE, Prof. of Equity in the Univ. of Virginia.
"It is a work of great intrinsic value, enhanced by the judicious
and well-selected notes of Messrs. Ludlow and Collins, and I doubt
not will be highly esteemed by the profession.”—S. GREENLEAF.
Collins, Joshua, an assumed name. Address on the
Choice and use of Books, Lon., 1802, Svo; 4th ed., 1805,
12mo; new ed., revised and enlarged by Rev. Saml. Catlow,
1812, 12mo.
"This little book contains the best list of English works known.”
-WATT.
Collins, Nicholas. Summary of the Statutes con-
cerning Justices of the Peace: 4th ed.. 1663, 12mo.
Collins, R. N. Sunday School Teacher's Companion,
with introduc. Essay by Rev. Dr. Moore, Lon., 1843, 8vr.
It is a standing reproach to selfish men, styled Christians,
that Sunday Schools should ever lack teachers.
Collins, Richard. Country Gauger's Vade-Mecum,
1677, Svo.
Collins, Richard. Serms., 1705, '15, '16.
Collins, Samuel. Serms., &c., 1607, '12, '17.
Collins, Samuel, M.D. The Present State of Russia,
Lon., 1671, 12mo.
“We can answer for this little 12mo comprising a fund of amus
ing matter infinitely more copious than many very large and fine
works, and that upon not very dissimilar subjects." See Review
in the Lon. Retrospective Rev., xiv. 32, 1826.
Collins, Samuel. Paradise Retrieved; or the Me-
thod of managing and improving Fruit Trees; with a Trea-
tise on Melons and Cucumbers, Lon., 1717, Svo.
Collins, Thomas. The Penitent Publican, 161C.
The Teares of Love, or Cupid's Progresse, 1615, 4to. See
extracts from this poetical tract in Todd's Milton.
Collins, Thomas. Physic and Chirurgery, 1658,8vo.
412
COL
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Collins, Thomas. Dissertatio de Frigidæ Lava-
tionis Antiquitate et usu in Medicina, Lyons, 1720, 4to.
Collins, Thomas. Serms., 1787, '94.
Collins, Thomas. Ready Reckoner, 1801, 24mo.
Collins, W. Memoir of George Morland, 1806.
Collins, Walsingham. Address to Rep. in Parlia-
ment, Lon., 1778, 8vo.
"In simplicity of description and expression, in delicacy and
softness of numbers, and in natural and unaffected tenderness,
they are not to be equalled by any thing of the pastoral kind in
the English language."-LANGBORNE.
"In his last illness he spoke with disapprobation of his Oriental
Eclogues, as not sufficiently expressive of Asiatic manners, and
called them his Irish Eclogues.”—Life by Dr. Johnson.
Collins, William, 1720-1756, a lyric poet of the first
rank, was a native of Chichester, and educated at Win-1.
chester School, and Queen's College, and Magdalen College,
Oxford. Whilst at Winchester he wrote his Persian Ec-
logues, which were pub. in January, 1742.
About 1744 he came to London, "a literary adventurer,
with many projects in his head, and very little money in
his pockets." He pub. Proposals for a History of the Re-
vival of Learning, planned several tragedies, and designed
many works which he never wrote.
"His great fault was irresolution; or the frequent calls of im-
mediate necessity broke his scheme, and suffered him to pursue
no settled purpose."-DR. JOHNSON. See Disraeli's comments upon
Johnson's remarks: Calamities of Authors.
"
The works of Collins will abide comparison with whatever
Milton wrote under the age of thirty. If they have rather less
exuberant wealth of genius, they have more exquisite touches of
pathos. Like Milton, he leads us into the haunted grourd of
imagination like him, he has the rich economy of expression bal-
lowed with thought, which by single or few words often hints
entire pictures to the imagination. ... Had he lived to enjoy and
adorn existence, it is not easy to conceive his sensitive spirit and
harmonious ear descending to mediocrity in any path of poetry;
yet it may be doubted if his mind had not a passion for the vi
sionary and remote forms of imagination too strong and exclusive
for the general purposes of the drama."-Campbell's Lives of the
Poets.
• Collinson on Lunacy. I take this occasion to say, is a valuable
work. both for doctrine and precedents, on this melancholy sub-
ject of the human mind in ruins."-CHANCELLOR KENT.
Collinson,John. Life of Thuanus, &c., Lon.,1807,Svo
It is said that Lord Chancellor Hardwicke resigned the seals
that he might have leisure to peruse Thuanus's History."
In 1747 he pub. his Odes, but excellent as they were,
they were entirely neglected, and Millar, the publisher, was
a loser by the operation. In 1749 the unsuccessful poet
received a legacy of £2000 from the executors of his uncle.
Colonel Martin, who had previously befriended him. He
paid Millar the money which he had lost by the Odes, and
threw the remaining copies into the fire. An irregular
life had combined with mortification and disappointment
to unsettle his mind, and to avert the fearful calamity with
which he felt himself threatened, he travelled for some
time in France, in hopes of benefit from change of scene.
But he returned home to enter that sad mansion-a luna-
The best edit. of Thuanus's Historiam sni Temporis is
tic asylum; from which he retired to the house of his sister Buckley's, Londini. 1753, 7 vols. fol. Analysis of Hook-
at Chichester, where he died at the early age of thirty-six.er's Eccles. Polity, 1810, Sro. Key to the Fathers; being
Johnson visited him at Islington, and gives an affecting s Sermons at the Bampton Lecture, 1813, Svo.
account of the interview. Collins held a volume in his
hand. “I have but one book," he remarked, but that is
the best." It was a copy of the New Testament. Several
edits. of his works have been pub.; one of the best of which
is that by Rev. Alexander Dyce, which includes the Life by
Johnson, and Observations on his Writings by Dr. Long-
horne, Lon., 1827, r. Svo. See Collections of English
Poetry by Johnson, Bell, Anderson. &c. The Odes on the
Passions, To Evening, To the Brave, To Mercy, and On
the Death of Thomson, can never become chaplete. We
append some opinions upon the works of this truly excel-
lent poet:
"One of our most exquisite poets, and of whom. perhaps, with-
out exaggeration, it may be asserted, that he partock of the cre
dulity and enthusiasm of Tasso, the magic wildness of Shakspeare.
the sublimity of Milton, and the pathos of Ossian."-Drake's Lie-
rary Hours.
"Though utterly neglected on their first appearance, the Odes
of Collins, in the course of one generation, without any adventi
tious aid to bring them into notice, were acknowledged to be the
best of their kind in the language. Silently and imperceptibly
they had risen by their own buoyancy; and their power was felt by
every reader who had any poetic feeling."-SOUTHEY.
An excellent ed. of Collins's works was edited by Mr.
Thomas and pub. Lon., 1858, 8vo.
"He had a wonderful combination of excellencies. United to
splendour and sublimity of imagination, he had a richness of eru-
dition, a keenness of research. a nicety of taste, and an elegance
and truth of moral reflection, which astonished those who had the
luck to be intimate with him."-SIR EGERTON BRYDGES.
"Of all our minor poets, that is, those who have attempted only
short pieces, Collins is probably the one who has shown most of
the higher qualities of poetry, and who excites the most intense
interest in the bosom of the reader. IIe soars into the regions of
imagination, and occupies the highest peaks of Parnassus. His
fancy is glowing and vivid, but at the sanie time hasty and obscure.
He has the true inspiration of the poet. He heats and melts ob-
jects, in the fervour of his genius, as in a furnace.”—IIAZLITT.
Collins, William Wilkie, b. 1824, in London.
Memoirs of his Father, William Collins, R.A., the cele-
brated painter, Lon., 1848, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
"Sometimes the son describes a picture as happily as the father
painted it."-Lon. Ezaminer.
3.
· Most interesting and instructive volumes. In speaking of
himself, be describes with much simplicity a frame of mind well
calculated for the achievement of distinction in any walk of life,
but more especially in the profession of art.”—Lom. Art Journal.
2. Antonina; or, The Fall of Rome; 2d ed., 1850.
Rambles beyond Railways, 1851, Svo. 4. Basil, 1852, 3
vols. p. 8vo; 1856, 12mo. 5. Mr. Wray's Cash-Box, 1852,
12mo. 6. Hide and Seek, 1854, 3 vols. p. Svo. 7. After
Dark, 1856, 12mo. 8. Dead Secret, 1857, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
"His diction was often harsh and unskilfully laboured and in-
judiciously selected. He affected the obsolete when it was not
worthy of revival; and he puts his words out of the common
order, seeming to think, with some later candidates for fame, that
not to write prose is certainly to write poetry. His lines com-
monly are of slow motion, clogged and impeded with clusters of
consonants. As men are often esteemed who cannot be loved, so
the poetry of Collins may sometimes extort praise when it gives
bttle pleasure."--JouNsoN: Lives of the English Poets.
"Mr. Wilkie Collins has justified the expectations that were
formed of him on the appearance of his first acknowledged romance,
'Antonina." Since then he has gone on steadily improving, each
work making progress on the preceding one; and this, we believe,
is the most acceptable praise that can be offered to an artist. In
his earlier works he delighted in the morbid anatomy and painful
delineation of monstrous growths of miscalled human nature. As
his mind has matured ami mellowed. it has become healthier. Mr.
Wilkie Collins has his faculty of invention well under control; and
Athen, Mar. 1, 1856: After Dark.
be keeps clear of extravagance either iu style or iucident."-Lon.
His works have been translated into French and German.
Collinson, G. D. A Treatise on the Law concern-
ing Idiots. Lunatics, and other Persons Non Compotes
Mentis, Lon. 1812, 2 vols. 8vo.
sirous of scrutinizing these rich treasures of antiquity (the Fa-
We recommend this work either as a key to those who are de-
thers) in the course of their own labours; or as the best substitute
for them. to those who wish only to be generally acquainted with
their contents."-British Critic.
Preparation for the Gospel, &c., 1830, Sro.
Collinson, John. Beauties of British Antiquity;
selected from the writings of esteemed Antiquaries, Lon.,
1750, Svo. Hist. and Antiq. of the County of Somerset,
Bath, 1791, 3 rols. 4to.
Collinson, Peter, 1693-1765, an eminent botanist,
a native of Westmoreland, contributed many valuable pa-
pers to the Phil. Trans. See 1729, '44, '50, '55, '59, 61,
67. A paper of his relating to the Round Tower at Ard ·
mere in Ireland will be found in Archæologia, i. 305, 1770
This was answered by B. 0. Salusbury, in p. 80 of vol. 2d
An Account of P. Collinson was printed, not pub., Lon..
1770, 4to. Dr. J. C. Lettsom pub. in 1786, Svo, Memoirs
of Drs. Fothergill, Cuming, Cleghorn, Russel, and Col-
linson. A Tribute to Peter Collinson was contributed by
the late Wm. H. Dillingham of Philadelphia to the Biblical
Repertory, Princeton, (New Jersey.) and since pub. in
pamphlet form. See also Nichols's Literary Anecdotes
for notices of Peter Collinson.
Collis, Edward. Medical treatise. Lon., 1791, Sv...
Collisson. M. A. 17 Sermons, 1848, 12mo.
Collop, John. M.D. Poesy revived. Odi Profanum
Vulgus et Arceo, Lon., 1656, Svo. Iter Satyricum, 1660, 4to.
Cellot, A. G., b. 1796, in France. Settled in America.
Complete Study of French, 6 vols. French and English,
and English and French Dictionary, Sro, pp. 1300. Phi-
ladelphia, 1853.
Poetical and dramat. works, 1785-
"A very valuable and reliable work."
Colls, John H.
1805.
Colly, Anthony. Golden Purging Pills, 1671, 4to.
Collyer, B. Fugitive Pieces for Schools, 2 vols. 12mo.
Collyer, David, Vicar of Great Coxwell, Berks.
The Sacred Interpreter, Lon., 1726, 2 vols. Svo.; trans.
into German in 1750. Several English edits.; the last
Lon., 1831, Svo.
"This work is calculated for readers in general, and is a good
popular preparation for the study of the Holy Scriptures."-Bisuor
MARSH.
Also recommended by Bishops Watson, Lloyd, Van
Mildert, Drs. E. Williams, Burton, and others.
2
413
COL
COL
"It is not a profound or critical book; but it Is a tolerable in- creased by the demise of General Pulteney (Lord Ball.'s
troduction to the Scriptures.”—ORME.
successor) in 1767. In 1764 he pub. a Trans. of the Come-
dies of Terence, into familiar English blank Verse, 4to;
and 1768, 2 vols. 8vo. This publication displayed uncom-
mon abilities.
Collyer, J. 1. Sermon. 2. Remarks, 1812.
Collyer, John. New Game Act, Lon., 1831, 12mo.
Criminal Statutes, &c., Analyzed and Arranged, 1832,
12mo. Reports of Cases in H. C. of Chancery, H. T., 1844
to H. T., 1845, 1845–47, 2 vols. r. Svo., continued by Messrs.
De Gex and Smale. Practical Treatise on the Law of
Partnership, 2d ed., greatly enlarged, Lon., 1840, 8vo.
1st and 2d ed., American edits., by W. Phillips and E.
Pickering, Springfield, 1834-39; 3d Amer. edit., by J. C.
Perkins with large addits., Boston, 1848; and 4th Amer.
edit, with Perkins's notes. 1853.
In the preparation of this work, Mr. Perkins has rendered a
benefit to the profession which should not pass unnoticed."-Law
Reporter.
|
The best English treatise on the law of partnership is unques-
tionably that of Mr. Collyer, as containing a full statement of the
principal decisions of Lord Eldon, whose subtle and powerful legal
intellect pre-eminently distinguished itself in cases of partnership
and bankruptcy."- Warren's Law Studies, 761.
Collyer, John B. Sermon, 1806. Charge, 1846.
Collyer, Joseph, d. 1776. Parent's Directory, 1761.
Trans. from the German: Noah, 1767, 2 vols. 12mo. Hist.
of Lady S., 1776, 2 vols. 8vo. Continuation of Klopstock's
Messiah, commenced by his wife, Mary Collyer, pub. in
1763, 2 vols. 12mo. Collyer also pub. the Hist, of Eng-
land, 1775, 14 vols. 12mo, and assisted in writing a Geog.
Hist. and Biog. Dict. of the World, 1772, 2 vols. fol.
works are now forgotten.
His
Let-
Collyer, Mary, d. 1763, wife of the preceding.
ters from Felicia to Charlotte, Lon., 1750, 3 vols. 12mo.
Trans. of Gesner's Death of Abel, 1761, 12mo. She com-
menced a trans. of Klopstock's Messiah, but did not finish
it. It was completed by her husband, and pub. in 1763,
2 vols. 12mo.
Collyer, William Bengo, D.D., d. 1854, Minister
of the Independent Chapel, Peckham. Lectures on Scrip-
ture Facts, Lon., 1807; On Scripture Prophecy, 1809; On
Scripture Miracles, 1812; On Scripture Parables, 1815;
On Scripture Doctrines, 1818; On Scripture Duties, 1820;
On Scripture Comparisons, 1822; in all 7 vols. Svo.
"The popular Lectures embrace a multitude of important sub
jects, and afford strong proofs of the laborious diligence of the well-
known author. They do not contain much Biblical criticism or
interpretation; which indeed would scarcely have suited the wri-
ter's plan and subject. But they contain many interesting views
of the diversified topics which they discuss, and constantly weave
the leading principles of the evangelical system into every subject." |
-ORME: Bill. Bib.
Dr. Collyer pub. some other works.
Collyn, Nich. Justice of the Peace, &c., 1650, Sro.
Collyns, W., Surgeon. Ten Minutes' Advice to my
Neighbours, on the Use and Abuse of Salt as a Manure,
Exeter, 1827, Svo.
See Biog. Dramat.; Pref. to the Connoisseur.
Colman, George, the younger, 1762-1836, son of the
preceding, was educated at Westminster School, Christ
Church College, Oxford, and King's College, Aberdeen.
He wrote many plays, of which The Iron Chest, 1796, was
perhaps the most striking, and John Bull the most profit-
able. Sir Walter Scott commends the latter highly. Sco
Biog. pub.
1797, 4to; enlarged and repub. under the title of Broad
Nightgown
Dramat. He also My and Slippers,
Grins, Lon., 1802, Svo; Sth edit., 1839, 12mo.
Colman, Miss. First Lesson in French, Phila.,
16mo. Ladies' Casket, 32mo. Ladies' Vase of Wild
Flowers, 32mo.
Colman, Mrs. The Bridal Keepsake, New York,
1850, Svo. Innocence of Childhood, New York, 1850.
“Mrs. Colman writes in a style so easy and so true to nature,
that the stories contained in this little book cannot fail to please
the youthful mind.”—Boston Transcript.
Colman, Benjamin, D.D., b. 1673, at Boston, and
first minister of the Brattle Street Church, graduated at
Harvard College, in 1692. He pub. many sermons and
other works, for an account of which see his Life, by his
son-in-law, Mr. Turell, 1749, Svo. Evangelical Sermons
Collected, 1707, '22, 3 vols.
6.
· The reader will find some of the most spiritual and evangeli-
cal subjects treated with a vein of good sense and true piety, and
sacred truth agreeably represented."-DR. ISAAC WATTS.
"A better translation cannot be expected; it is such as Terence
deserved, and done by a man of almost equal comic powers with
himself."-DR. A. CLARKE.
Colman, George, 1733?–1794, was the son of Thomas
Colman, British resident at the court of the Grand Duke of
Tuscany, at Pisa. George was born at Florence, but placed
early in life at Westminster School, where he attracted at-
tention by his talents and application. He was elected to
Christ Church College, Oxford, in 1751, and took the degree
of M.A. in 1758. Upon coming to London he studied law,
and was entered of the Society of Lincoln's Inn; but poetry
and the drama were more congenial to his tastes, and Little-
ton and Blackstone were soon abandoned. His first drama-
tic piece, Polly Honeycomb, was acted at Drury Lane in
1760, with great success; and his reputation was increased
by The Jealous Wife, which appeared in the next year.
When quite young, he had contributed some excellent pa-
pers to The Connoisseur, and about 1761 he pub. many hu-
morous picces in the St. James's Chronicle, (of which he
was proprietor,) in which Bonnel Thornton, his old ally in
the Connoisseur, was also a writer. In 1761 Lord Bath,
a connexion,left him a handsome annuity, which was in-
He wrote
In 1768 he became one of the proprietors of Covent-
Garden theatre, from which he soon retired, and subse-
quently conducted the Haymarket theatre.
pieces (the list of his productions includes 35) for the stage,
and trans. others from the French. In 1783 he pub. a new
Trans. of Horace's Art of Poetry, with a commentary, in
which he overthrows Dr. Hurd's hypothesis of the origin
of this work. In 1789 he lost his reason, and died in 1794.
His Dramatic Works were pub. in 1777, 4 vols. Svo. This
collection does not contain all of his dramatic publications.
His Miscellaneous Works were pub. in 1787, 3 vols. 12mo;
and some particulars of his Life, written by himself, in
1795, 8vo.
"As a scholar he holds a very respectable rank, as may be seen.
by his translations of Horace's Art of Poetry, and of the comedies
of Terence; and his manners were as pleasing as his talents were
respectable."
"Few books have caused more loud laughs than the Broad Grins
of George Colman the younger; it is a happy union of mirth and
the muse, and good jokes are related in so agreeable and facetious
a manner, that they can scarcely be forgotten.”—Lon. Lil. Chron.
with cap on head, and dagger of lath in hand? It is the king's
“What antie have we here, in motley livery of red and yellow,
jester, a professed droll, strangely gifted in all grimace. who pulls
faces, and sells grius by the yard. For the impudent joke he has
scarcely an equal.”— Westminster Keview.
Poetical Vagaries, 1812, 4to. Vagaries Defended, 1813,
4to. Eccentricities for Edinburgh; Poems, Edin., 1816,
Svo. Poetical Works; Broad Grins, Vagaries, and Eccen-
tricities, Lon., 1840, 24mo. The 1st edit. of The Iron Chest,
1796, Svo, contains severe strictures on John Philip Kem-
ble. In the later edits. these were cancelled. Random
Recollections, 1830, 2 vols. Svo.
"We consider these volumes to offer the most amusing, if not
the best, specimen of Dramatic Memoirs hitherto offered to the
public."-Court Journal.
Colman, Henry. Serm., 1711, 4to. Essay.
Colman, Henry, 1785-1849, b. Boston. Reports of
the Agriculture of Massachusetts, Boston, 1840, &c. Euro-
pean Agriculture and Rural Economy; 4th ed., 1851, 2
vols. Svo.
vols. Svo. Agriculture and Rural Economy of France,
Belgium, Holland, and Switzerland, 1848, Svo. Europeau
Life and Manners, 1849, 2 vols. 12mo. Sermons, 2 vols.
Colman,Morgan. Genealogies of K. James and Queen
Anne, his wife, from the Conquest, 1608, 4to. See GRANGER
Colman, W. La Dance Machabre, or Death's Duell,
Lon., 163-, 12mo. See British Bibliographer, ii. 463.
"Though not perform'd with that poeticke fire,
The niceness of our present times inspire;
He spoyles the operation of a pill,
Conformeth it onto the patient's will."
Toem by the “author to his book.”
Sold at Reed's sale, 6661, £7 158.
Colmore, Matthew. Oratio
1613, 4to.
Funebris, &c., Oxf.,
Colnett, James, Capt., R.N. Voyage to the South
Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, for the purpose of extending
the Spermaceti Whale Fisheries, and ascertaining the Is-
lands, Ports, &c., Lon., 1798, 4to. This Voyage was made
in 1793, '94, and extended Northward as far as the coast
of California.
Colnett, William, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1711, 4to.
Colpitts, T. Improvements in Police, 1803, Svo.
Colquhoun, Mrs. Maurice, the Elector of Saxony,
Lon., 3 vols. p. Svo.
"Mrs. Colquhoun has spared no pains or research to make her-
self mistress of her subject. It has all the merits of a sterling
history."-Lom. Literary Gazette.
Interwoven with historical facts, we have a romance of stirring
adventure. The facility of invention displayed is remarkable. It
teems with incidents. The style is fluent."—Court Journal.
66
Colquhoun, D.C. Animal Magnetism, Lon.,3 vols. 8vo.
Colquhoun, J. C. Education in Ireland, Chelt., 1838,
12mo. Hints on the question now affecting the Church of
414
COL
COL
Scotland, Glasg., 1840, 8vo. Isis Revelata: Seven Lec-
tures on Somnambulism; trans. from the German of Dr.
Arnold Wienholt, Lon., 8vo.
"A very extraordinary work, full of profound thought, and very
elegantly translated.”—Lom. Medical Times.
M
The Memoirs of this excellent woman were pub. by Rev.
James Hamilton, Lon., 1854; 4th ed., Svo. A Memoir of her
sister, Miss Hannah Sinclair, who died in 1818, was pub. by
Rev. Legh Richmond. A vol. of her Letters on the Prin-
A vol. of her Letters on the Prin-
ciples of Christian Faith was given to the world after her
decease, and a collective ed. of her works in 1851, Svo.
Colquhoun, John, D.D. Spirit. Comfort, 1813, 12mo.
"This is suited rather for the depressed, than the backslider.”—
BICKERSTETHI.
Magic, Witchcraft, &c., 1851, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Short 12mo: a collection of sentences and maxims.
Sketches of some Notable Lives, 1855, 12ino.
Colquhoun, Lady Janet, 1781-1846, daughter of
Sir John Sinclair of Ulster, wife of Sir James Colquhoun
of Rossdhu. Narrative founded on Facts, 1822. Thoughts
on the Religious Profession and Practice of Scotland, 1823.
Impression of the Heart, 1825. Sorrowing yet Rejoicing.
Pervaded throughout by a tone of the most evangelical devo-
tion.”—Scottish Guardian.
Despair and Hope. The Kingdom of God. The World's
Religion as contrasted with Genuine Christianity, 1839.
"We should particularly recommend this excellent volume to
be put into the hands of such educated young females as admire
the writings of Hannah More, and are able to relish them. The
pious and gifted writer treats her subjects under the evident in-
fluence of great spirituality of feeling, very clearly, and very im-
pressively.”—Lm. Watchman.
The Covenant of Grace, 1818.
Colquhoun, John. The Moor and the Loch, Lon.,
3d edit., 1851, Svo.
The Moor and the Loch is the book of the season."-Lon. Sport
ing Review.
Unpretending, clear, and practical, and does honour to the
'parent lake.' The book breathes of the mountain and the flood,
and will carry the sportsman back to the days of his youth.'-Lon.
Quarterly Review.
The Rocks and Rivers of Scotland, Lon., 1849, p. Svo.
"Mr. Colquhoun, we believe, was the first (with one exception)
who occupied this field of letters: assuredly he has not been its
least successful cultivator."-Edin. Even. Courant.
Colquhoun, Lud. Report of the Proceedings under
a Brieve of Idiotry, Duncan v. Yoolow, Edin., 1837, 8vo.
“A work of no ordinary value.”—Ed. Med. and Surg. Jour.
Colquhoun, Patrick, LL.D., 1745–1820, a native of
Scotland. Police of the Metropolis, Lon., 1796, Svo; Sth
edit., 1806, Svo.
|
"A curious, important, and interesting work."-LowNDES.
Commerce and Police of the River Thames, 1800, Svo.
Treatise on Indigence, 1806, Svo. On the Wealth, Power,
On the Wealth, Power,
and Resources of the British Empire; 2d edit., 1815, 4to.
This work enjoyed for a while a considerable degree of popu-
larity, to which it certainly had but slender claims. It is. from
beginning to end, a tissue of extravagant hypotheses and exagge
ration." McCULLOCH: Lit. of Polit. Economy.
System of Education for the labouring People, 1806, 8vo.
Colquhoun, Patrick. Summary of Roman Civil
Law, illustrated by Commentaries on, and Parables from,
the Mosaic, Canon, Mohammedan, English, and Foreign
Law; vol. i., Lon., 1850, r. Svo; vol. ii., 1851-53.
Colrane. Sce COLERAINE, Lord.
Colse, Peter. Penelope's Complaint; or a Mirror
for Wanton Minions. Taken out of Homer's Odissea, and
written in English Verse, Lon., 1596, 4to: 32 leaves. A
copy in a bookseller's catalogue is priced £15 15s.
While Peter Colse indulged an obliquity of reflection against
Willobie's Avisa, he avowedly imitated its style and structure of
lyric versification."-Restituta, iii. 532.
Colson. Langue Toscane, Lon., Svo.
Colson, Charles. Serm. on the Eucharist, 1844, 8vo.
Colson, John, d. 1760, Prof. of Mathematics at Cam-
bridge. Method of Fluxions, &c., trans. from the Latin of
Sir I. Newton, Lon., 1736, 4to. Analytical Institutions,
from the Italian of Agnesi; edited by John Hellins, 1801,
2 vols. 4to. Con. to Phil. Trans.. 1707, 26, 36,
Colson, Nath. Mariner's N. Kalendar, 1697, 4to.
Colson, Wm. 1. Arith. 2. Fr. Grammar, 1612, '20.
Colston, Launcelot. Philosophia Maturatæ; con-
taining the practical part thereof in giving the Philosopher's
Stone; whereunto is added a work compiled by St. Dunstan,
Lon., 1668, 12mo.
Colston, Marianne. Journal of a Tour in France,
Switzerland, and Italy, 1819, 20, 21; and 50 Prints illus-
:
trative of the above Tour.
"The Author appears to have been indefatigable in her researches,
and she has given us descriptions of every object in her route
which was worthy of the smallest notice; so that her volume will
be a great acquisition to future Tourists, as well as a fund of in-
formation and amusement to stay-at-home Travellers."-European
Mag., Aug. 1823.
Coltheart, P. Quacks Unmasked, 1727, 4to.
Colthrop, Sir Henry. The Liberties, Usages, and
Customs of the City of London, Lon., 1642, 4to. Reprinted
in the Somers Collection of Tracts, vol. v.
Coltman, John, d. 1808. Every Man's Monitor, 1781,
Coltman, N. New Traveller's Companion, 1808, 4to.
Colton, Caleb C., d. 1832, Vicar of Kew and Peter-
sham, was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge.
Narrative of the Sampford Ghost, 1310, 8vo. Hypocrisy,
a satirical Poem, 1812, 8vo. Napoleon, a Poem, 1812, 8vo.
Lines on the Conflagration of Moscow, 1816, 8vo. Lacon,
or Many Things in Few Words, 1820, 8vo; 6th ed., 1821;
profited by the Essays of Bacon and the Materials of
vol. ii., 1822. In the preparation of this work, Mr. C.
Burdon. It is one of the most excellent collections of
apothegms in the language, but benefited none less than
the author. A passion for gaming involved him in embar-
rassments, which forced him to abscond to America in 1828,
to avoid his creditors. He next took up his residence at
Paris, where he was so successful at play that in two years
impending surgical operation so preyed upon his mind, that
or less he is said to have cleared £25,000. A dread of an
he blew out his brains whilst on a visit to Major Sherwell
What a commentary upon one of his
own apothegms in Lacon:
at Fontainebleau.
66
The gamester, if he die a martyr to his profession, is doubly
ruined. He adds his soul to every other loss, and by the act of
suicide, renounces earth to forfeit heaven!"
Colton, Rev. Calvin, 1789-1857, a native of Long
Meadow, Massachusetts, graduated at Yale College in
1812. In 1831 he visited England, where he remained for
He was appointed Prof. of Political Economy in Trinity
four years as a correspondent of the New York Observer.
College, Hartford. 1. A Manual for Emigrants to America,
Ln., 1832. 2. History and Character of American Re-
vivals of Religion; 3d ed. 3. The Americans; by an
American in London, 1833. 4. The American Cottager.
6. Church and
5. A Tour of American Lakes, 2 vols.
State in America: being a Reply to the Bishop of London.
7. Four Years in Great Britain, N.Y., 1835. 8. Protestant
Jesuitism, 1836. 9. Thoughts on the Religious State of the
Country, and Reasons for Preferring Episcopacy,-written
by Mr. C. at the time he left the Presbyterian ministry
and took orders in the Episcopal Church. 10. Abolition
a Sedition, and Abolition and Colonization Contrasted,
1838. 11. A Voice from America to England, 1839. 12.
The Crisis of the Country, 1840. 13. Junius Tracts, 1840-
43–44. 14. The Rights of Labor, 1844. 15. Public
Economy for the United States, 1848, Svo. 16. Genius
and Mission of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the
U.S., 1853. In 1844 he visited Henry Clay, and olgained
from him the necessary materials for the preparation of
his Life and Speeches, X.Y., 1844, 2 vols. Svo.
Clay's death he edited Private Correspondence of Henry
Clay, 1855, Svo. Last Seven Years of the Life of Henry
Clay, 1856, Svo. Speeches of Henry Clay, 1857, 2 vols. Svů.
Colton, George Hooker, 1818-1847. Tecumseh,
or The West Thirty Years Since; a Poem, New York, 1842,
12mo. An edit. of Cormenin's Orators of France, with an
Essay by J. T. Headley, from the 16th Paris ed., 1847, 12mo.
In 1844 Mr. Colton established the American Review.
Colton, J. O. Greek Reader.
After Mr.
Colton, Thomas. De Chylosi Vitiata, Lugd. Bat.,
1691, 4to.
Colton, Walter, 1797-1851, a native of Rutland,
Vermont, was educated at Yale College, and the theological
seminary at Andover. In 1820 he was appointed chaplain
in the U. S. Navy, which situation enabled him to gratify
his love for travel, the results of which he has given to the
world in his popular volumes. Mr. C. was the author of
some poetical pieces also. He held for some time the office
of Alcalde of Monterey, Ship and Shore; new ed., edited
by Rev. Henry T. Cheever. 1851. 12mo.
"A most sprightly and amusing book of Travels, which made
for its young author a reputation at once. . . . The present edition
has been remodelled under the tastefu! and experienced eye of Mr.
Cheever, whose ample knowledge of the localities tinely qualifies
him for the service.
A Visit to Constantinople and Athens; new ed., entitled
Land and Lee in the Bosphorus and Egean, edited by Rev.
H. T. Cheever. 1851, 12mo.
Replete with information descriptive of Oriental life and man-
ners, customs and scenery.”—Parker's Journal.
Deck and Port: Incidents of a Cruise to California.
"A charming book, full of information and entertainment.”
Three Years in California. 1850, 12mo.
"Graphic, instructive, and often in the most provoking degree
mirthful."-National Intelligencer.
415
COL
COM
The Sea and the Sailor; and other Literary Remains of
Rev. Walter Colton, with a Memoir edited by Rev. H. T.
Cheever. 1851, 12mo.
Columbanus, St., supposed to have been born about
540, died 615, was a native of the province of Leinster,
Ireland, according to respectable authorities,-though Mac-
kenzie claims him as a North Briton. He founded the
monastery of Luxeuil, near Besançon, in France, which he
governed for twenty years. In 613 he founded the Abbey
of Bobio, near Naples, and died there, Nov. 21, 615. His
poems were first printed collectively by Goldasti in his
Parænetici Veteres, 4 Insul., 1604. They are in vol. viii.
of the Bibl. Magna Patrum, Par., 1644, fol., and in vol. xii.
of the Bibl. Maxima Patrum, Lyons, 1677. His prose-
writings, consisting of theolog. discourses, penitentials,
letters, &c., will be found in the two Bibliothecæ noticed
above, and in the Collectanea of Fleming, Augs., 1621, Svo.
Colvil, Saml. The Grand Imposture Discovered,
Edin., 1673, 4to. The Whigg's Supplication, or the Scots
Hudibras; a Mock Poem, Edin., 1657; several edits. See
a valuable paper on imitations of Hudibras-this among
the number-in Lon. Retrosp. Review, iii. 317, 1821.
Colvile, alias Coldewell, George. Trans. of Boe-
thius De Consolatione Philosophiæ, Lon., 1556, 4to.
Colville, John, d. 1607. The Palinode, Edin., 1600,
8vo. Parænesis, Paris, 1601, Svo. Oratio funebris exc-
quis Elizabethæ Angliæ Regiæ-destinata, Paris, 1604, 8vo.
Colville, William. Refreshing Streams, 1655, 4to.
Discourses, 1667, '73. Philosophia Moralis Christiana,
1670, 12mo.
Colvocoresses, Lt. Geo. M., b. 1816, in Greece;
Attaché to the U.S. Exploring Expedition. Four Years
in the Government Expedition, New York, 1853, 12mo.
Colwall, Daniel. Chem. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1672.
Colwell, Stephen, b. 25th March, 1800, in Brooke
co., Va.; grad. at Jefferson Coll., Pa., 1819; admitted to
the Bar in Va. in 1821; practised law for some time in
Pittsburg, but has been for many years past an iron-
merchant in Philadelphia. 1. A Letter to Members of
Legislature of Penna. on the Removal of Deposits from
the Bank of the U.S. by Order of the President of the
U.S., signed Mr. Penn, 1834, Svo, pp. 45. 2. The Relative
Position in our Industry of Foreign Commerce, Domestic
Production, and Internal Trade, by Jonathan B. Wise,
Phila., 1850, Svo, pp. 50. 3. New Themes for the Pro-
testant Clergy, &c., with Notes on the Lit. of Charity, &c.,
1851, 12mo. This work was censured in A Review of New
Themes, 1852, 12mo, and New Themes Condemned, 1853,
12mo; and supported in Hints to a Layman, 1853, 12mo,
and Charity and the Clergy, 1853, 12mo. 4. Politics for
American Christians, &c., 1852, 8vo. 5. Article on Money
of Account in Merchant's Mag. for April, 1852, pp. 25. 6.
Preface and Notes to Race for Riches, 1853, pp. 54. 7. Po-
sition of Christianity in U.S. in its Relations with our Po-
litical System and Religious Instruction in Public Schools,
8vo, pp. 175. 8. The South: a Letter from a Friend in the
North with Reference to the Effects of Disunion upon Slavery,
1856, 8vo, pp. 46. 9. Preliminary Essays and Notes to the
National Economy of Frederick List, 1856, Svo, pp. 67. 10.
Article on Money of Account in Banker's Mag., in numbers
of July and Aug. 1857, pp. 25. 11. The Ways and Means of
Commercial Payment; The Money-System and the Credit-
System, with the Agency of Money of Account; Analysis
of Former and Present Systems of Banking; An Account
of the Modes of Payment at the Fairs of Lyons and other
Cities; of the Banks of Venice, Genoa, Amsterdam, and
Hamburg, and the Bank of England, 1858, Svo, pp. 550. |
See LIST, FREDERICK; MACCULLOCH, JOHN RAMSAY.
Colwil, Alex., 1620-1676, pub. some controversial
tracts. He has been confounded with Samuel Colvil, (ante.)
Colyer, Thomas. Certain Queries, 1645, 12mo.
Colynet, Anthony. Civil Warres of France, Lon., 1591.
Combe, Andrew, M.D., 1797-1847, b. in Edinburgh;
studied medicine at Edinburgh and Paris, and, after taking
the degree of M.D., commenced practice in Edinburgh in
1823. App. consulting physician to the King of the Bel-
gians, 1836. As early as 1818, like his brother, he became
a convert to Phrenology. Observations on Mental De-
rangements, Edin., 1831, 12mo; Lon., 1841, p. 8vo.
"The work is not surpassed by any one of its kind in medical
science."-Med.-Chirurg. Rev., Oct. 1831.
The Principles of Physiology applied to the Preserva-
tion of Health, &c.; 14th ed., 1852, p. Svo. From 1834 to
'41, 14,000 copies of this work were sold in Great Britain,
and 3000 in the United States.
"It contains more sound philosophy, more true practical wisdom
relative to the all-important subject of preserving the health, than
any other volume in our language.”—Brit. and For. Med. Review,
Oct. 1841.
The Physiology of Digestion; 9th edit., 1849, p. 8vo.
Trans. into German and Danish.
6.
It leaves nothing to be desired.”—Brit. and For. Med. Review,
Jan. 1842.
Physiological and Moral Management of Infancy; 6th
edit., 1847, p. Svo.
"It is a work which will clearly reveal to any person of common
understanding the main causes of health and sickness in children."
-Westminster Review.
Experiments and Observations on the Gastric Juice, and
Physiology of Digestion, by William Beaumont, M.D., Sur-
geon to the U. S. Navy; reprinted with Notes by Andrew
Combe, M.D., Lon., 1838, p. Svo.
6:
The profession owes Dr. Beaumont a debt of gratitude for his
hich we are convinced they never can re-
disinterested labours.
pay: and Dr. C. is entitled to their thanks for putting the work
within their reach at so moderate a price."-Dublin Medical Press,
April, 1840.
Dr. Beaumont's experiments were made upon Alexis St.
Martin, whose extraordinary case is well known to the
profession. See BEAUMONT, WM., M.D. See Life and
Correspondence of Andrew Combe, M.D., by George Combe,
Edin., 1850, Svo.
Combe, Charles, M.D., 1743-1817, devoted much
attention to the classics and to numismatics. He pub. an
Index Nummorum, &c. in 1773, 4to, and the Nummorum,
&c. in Museo Gul. Hunter, in 1782, 4to. In conjunction
with Rev. H. Homer, Horatii Opera, 1793, 2 vols. 4to.
This was criticized by Dr. Parr in the British Critic.
Combe pub. a Statement relative to the review in 1793, Svo.
Cat. of Prints; rel. to the Hist. of Engraving, 1803, Svo.
Con. to Phil. Trans., 1801; Med. Trans., 1813.
Combe, Edward. Sermons, 1708, '17, '20.
Combe, Edward. Sale of Dunkirk, 1728, Svo.
Combe, George, 1788-1858, b. Edinburgh, practised
as an attorney for twenty-five years. Becoming a disciple of
Gall and Spurzheim, he zealously advocated the science of
Phrenology, both as a lecturer and writer of books. His
works have had a most extensive sale. He was one of the
founders of the Phrenological Journal, afterwards con-
ducted by his relative, Mr. Cox. Essays on Phren., 1819;
5th ed. as A System of Phrenology, 1843, 2 vols. 8vo, 1853.
"A work of high excellence.”—Glasgow Free Press, Feb. 1831.
Severely criticized in the Edinburgh Review. The Con-
stitution of Man considered in relation to External Objects,
1828; 8th ed., 1848, p. Svo. Of this work between 90,000
and 100,000 copies have been sold in Great Britain, and
the sale has been large in the United States. It has been
trans. into German, French, and Swedish. Lectures on
Moral Philosophy, 3d ed., 1846, p. Svo; On Phrenology,
1847, p. 8vo; On Popular Education, 3d ed., 1848, p. Svo;
Elements of Phrenology, 7th ed., 1849, 12mo; Notes on the
United States of America, 1838-40, 3 vols. p. Svo, 1841.
Remarks on the Principles of Criminal Legislation, &c.,
Lon., 1854, Svo. Phrenology applied to Painting and
Sculpture, Lon. and Edin., 1855, Svo. Science and Re-
ligion, 1857, Svo.
-
Combe, Taylor, 1774-1826, keeper of the Antiqui-
ties and coins at the British Museum, was a son of Dr.
Charles Combe, and educated at Oriel College, Oxford.
Ancient Terracottas in Brit. Museum, 1810, 4to; Ancient
Marbles in ditto, part 1st, 1812, 4to; Veterum populorum
et regum Nummi, &c., in ditto, 1814, 4to. Con to Archæol.
1800, '03.
Comber, Thomas, D.D., 1644-1699, a native of
Westerham, Kent; admitted of Sidney-Sussex College,
Cambridge, 1659; Prebendary of York Cathedral, 1677;
presented to the living of Thornton, 1678; Precentor of
York, 1683; Dean of Durham, 1691. Among his works
are the following: Roman Forgeries in Councils during
the First Four Centuries, and forgeries in Baronius, Lon.,
1673, Svo. Dr. James in his Treatise of the Corruptions
of Scripture, &c., 1611, 4to, also discloses fraudulent altera-
tions in the Councils. A Companion to the Temple and
Closet, or a Help to Devotion in the use of the Common
Prayer, part 1st, 1672; 2d, 1674; 3d, 1675, Svo; 1679, 3
vols. Svo: reprinted in two folios; 4th edit. of ist fol., 1701;
2d fol., pub. 1702. New edit., without addits., Oxf., Cla-
rendon Press, 1841, 7 vols. 8vo. To this learned and com-
prehensive writer, Wheatley and other writers stand largely
indebted.
"Let him read Comber's Companion to the Temple, which I
heartily wish might be put into the hands of every clergyman."-
Dr. II. Owen's Address.
"It is an able and devotional work of considerable value."--
BICKERSTETI.
The Plausible Arguments of a Romish Priest, &c. an-
swered, 1686, 8vo; 3d edit., with a Scrm. of Comber's,
G
416
COM
CON
|
York, 1806, 12mo. Comber's arguments against the R. cine, and a few months after receiving his diploma, was
Catholics are on the list of books of the P. C. K. Society. appointed assistant surgeon in the 25th Reg. of Infantry
Scholastical Hist. of Liturgies; 2 parts, 1690; in answer to in the U. S. Army, during the war of 1812. He served at
Clarkson's Discourse against Liturgies, 1689. Friendly Fort Trumbull, Conn., part of the time during the war, and
Advice to the R. Catholics of England; a new ed., with a part on the northern frontier, where he had the sole
Preface and Notes, by W. F. Hook, D.D., Vicar of Leeds, charge of three hospitals, containing from 20 to 30 patients
8vo. Memoirs of his Life and Writings, by his great-each. At the close of the war he practised medicine in
grandson, Thomas Comber, 1799, 8vo.
Hartford, Conn., and about the year 1830 became an au-
thor by profession. An Introduction to Mineralogy, Svo,
1832.
Comber, Thomas, LL.D., d. 1778, grandson to the
preceding, educated at Jesus College, Cambridge; Rector
of Kirkby, Misperton, Yorkshire; subsequently of Mor-
borne and Buckworth, Huntingdonshire. Vindication of
the Revolution in England, 1688, Lon., 1758, 8vo. Hea-
then Rejection of Christianity in the First Ages cousi-
dered, 1747, 8vo. Real improvements in Agriculture, on
the principles of A. Young, Esq., &c.; and a Letter on the
Rickets in Sheep, 1771, 8vo.
Other publications, 1747-78.
"Had the author prepared them for the press himself, they had
appeared in another dress."
The Cases generally are briefly and carelessly reported, and
uniformly have been treated with disregard.”—Marvin's Leg. Bibl.
Combes, A. New Metals.
New Metals. Nic. Jour., 1808.
Combrune, Michael.
'62, '68.
Works on Brewing, 1759,
A
"He was a man of considerable parts and learning."
Comber, Thomas, Rector of Oswald Kirk, York-
shire, and great-grandson of the Dean of Durham. Me-
moir of the Life and Writings of Dean Comber, Lon., 1779,
8vo. Serms., 1807, 8vo. Hist. of the Massacre of St.
Bartholomew, 1810, Svo. Adultery Analyzed, 1810, 8vo.
A Scourge for Adulterers, Duellists, Gamesters, and Self-ings
Murderers, anon., 1810.
Comber, W. T. An Inquiry into the state of National
Subsistence, as connected with the Progress of Wealth and
Population, &c., Lon., 1808, 8vo. See McCulloch's Lit. of
Polit. Economy.
Comberbach, Roger. Reports of Cases in Court of
K. B., from 1st of Jas. II. to 10th of Wm. III., Lon., 1724,
fol. Arranged and pub. after the author's death by his
son, who remarks:
Comeford, R. E. The Rhapsodist, &c., in an Epistle
to Aristus, 1818, 8vo.
Comegys, Cornelius G., M.D., native of Delaware;
Prof. of Institutes of Medicine in Miami Coll., Ohio.
History of Medicine from its Origin to the 19th Century,
with an Appendix containing a Philosophical Review of
Medicine to the Present Time. Translated from the French.
Cincinnati, Svo, 1856. Highly commended.
Comerford, T. Hist. of Ireland for 3000 Years,
Dubl., 1754, 12mo.
Comfort, J. W., M.D., of Philadelphia. Practice of
Medicine on Thomsonian Principles, adapted as well to
the use of Families as to the Practitioner. Phila., 1853, Svo.
"This work was introduced into the Military Acad. W. Point."
Natural History of Quadrupeds, 12mo, 1829. Natural
History of Birds. System of Natural Philosophy, 12mo,
1831.
Comstock, Franklin G. Digest of the Law of
Executors and Administrators, Guardian and Ward, and
Dower, Hartford, 1832, Svo.
Comstock, G. F. Reports of Cases argued and de-
termined in the Court of Appeals of the State of N. York,
Zept. 1847-April, 1851, Albany, 1849-50, 4 vols. 8vo.
Comstock, John Lee, M.D., b. in Conn., d. 1858,
received only a common-school education, studied medi-
"This work has been translated into German, Greek, and several
other foreign languages. It has been edited in London, Edinburgh,
and Canada; and is now in common use. More than 600,000 copies
have already been sold."
27
Introduction to Botany. Elements of Chemistry, 12mo.
"Of the Elements 250,000 copies have been sold."
Elements of Geology, including Fossil Botany and
Palæontology. Youth's Book of Natural Philos., 18mo.
Young Botanist. Young Chemist. Common-School Philos.
Youth's Book of Astronomy. Outlines of Physiology.
Treatise on Mathematical and Physical Geography. Read-
in Zoology. Hist. of the Greek Revolution. Cabinet
of Curiosities. Hist. of Precious Metals, &c.
Comyn, R. B. Landlord and Tenant; 2d ed., by G.
Chilton, Jr., Lon., 1830, 8vo. The Law of Usury, 1817, Svo.
Comyn, Samuel. Law of Contracts and Promises;
2d ed., Lon., 1824, 8vo; 4th Amer. ed., N. Y., 1835, Svo.
This was formerly the best English treatise upon contracts.
It is now superseded.
"As a purely common-law work it is entitled to much praise.”
See Hoffman's Legal Study.
Comyns, Sir John, Lord Chief Baron of the Ex-
chequer. Reports of Cases K. B., C. P., and Excheq.; 2d
ed., by S. Rose, Lon., 1792, 2 vols. 8vo.
"I am not aware that the volume has elicited any marked judi
cial commendation."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.
A Digest of the Laws of England, 1762-67, 5 vols. fol,;
5th ed., with continuation by A. Hammond, Lon., 1822,
8 vols. 8vo. 1st Amer., from the 5th Lon. ed., with Amer.
decisions, by Thomas Day, N. York and Phila., 1824-26,
8 vols. 8vo.
"The first is far superior to all the late editions. The modern
editions have the addition of the modern cases, it is true, but they
consist of the marginal notes of the reporters, thrust into the text
without order or propriety, and destroy symmetry and connection."
JUDGE STORY.
"Comyns's opinion alone is of great authority."-LORD Kenton,
"We cannot have a better authority than that learned writer.”
-CHIEF JUSTICE BEST.
Comings, B. N., M.D. Class-Book of Physiology,
N. York, 1853, 12mo. This vol. is taken from the Princi-
ples of Physiology by J. L. Comstock and Comings.
Comings, Fowler. Serms., 1790, 2 vols. 8vo.
Comly, John, a native of Pennsylvania and member
of the Society of Friends, is best known as the author of
Comly's Speller, of which there have been several millions
printed. He also published a Grammar, Reader, and Primer.
Commins, John. Eng. Scholar's 1st Book, 1801.
Compeon, John. Sermon, 1804.
Compton, Henry, 1632-1713, youngest son of Spen-plain and practical, and suited to the meanest capacity.”—BISHOP
"These discourses are such as Dr. Conant usually composed;
cer, second Earl of Northampton, was entered of Queen's
College, Oxford, 1649; Canon of Christ Church, 1669;
Bishop of Oxford, 1674; trans. to London, 1675. Episco-
palia, or Letters to his Clergy, Lon., 1686, 12mo. Trans.
from the French and Italian, 1667, '69. Letters to his
Clergy, 1679, '80, 'S3, '84, 'S5. Letters to a Clergyman,
1688, 4to. A Charge, 1696, 4to. Ninth Conference with
his Clergy, 1701, 4to. Letter concerning Allegiance, 1710,
Svo. His Life, Svo.
Comstock, Andrew, M.D., b. 1795, N. Y., Prof. of
Elocution. Author of a New System of Phoneties; also
Lecturer on Oratory. Elocution, 16th ed., 1854. Phonetic
Speaker; Reader; Historia Sacra; Homer's Iliad; Pho-
netic Testament, &c.
Conæns, Georgius, anglicé Cone, a native of Scot-
land. Præmetiæ, seu Calumniæ Hirlandorum indicatæ,
et Epos de Deipara Virgine, Bonon, 1621, Svo. Vita Ma-
riæ Stuartæ Reginæ Scotorum, Romæ, 1624, Svo; Wirceb.,
1624, 12mo. See Jebb Scrip.. xvi.
See Jebb Scrip.. xvi. De duplici statu Re-
ligionis apud Scotus, Rom., 1628, large 4to. Assertionum
Catholicarum, libri tres, Rom., 1621, '29, 4to.
Conant, John. Sermon, 1643, sm. 4to.
Conant, John, D.D., 160S-1693, educated at Exeter
College, Oxford, of which he became Fellow and tutor;
Prof. of Divinity, 1654; Vice-Chancellor of the Universi
ty. 1657; Prebendary of Worcester, 1681. Serms., 1693-
1722, 6 vols. Svo.
Conant, T. J., Prof. of Hebrew in Rochester Uni-
versity, New York. Trans. of the Hebrew Grammar of
Gesenius, 14th edit., as revised by Dr. E. Rödiger; with
the modifications of the edits. subsequent to the 11th, by
Dr. Davies, of Stepney College, London; with a Course of
Exercises, and Hebrew Chrestomathy by T. J. Conant.
"The best Hebrew Grammar extant is the work of a German-
Gesenius."-Lon. Monthly Chronicle, Dec., 1840.
Professor Conant is now (1855) engaged upon a new
version of the Book of Job. Mrs. Conant also has con-
tributed to the literary treasures of the country.
Concanen, G. Trials, Rowe r. Brenton, Lon., 1830,8vo.
Concanen, Matthew, d. 1749, a native of Ireland,
of considerable abilities, pub. 1724 a vol. of Miscellaneous
Poems by himself and others, and edited The Speculatist,
a Journal; The Flower Piece, a Miscellany, &c. He is
principally remembered by the celebrated letter of War-
burton concerning him, and by his position in the Dun-
cind: his reward for attacking Pope. In 1732 he was
appointed attorney-general of the Isle of Jamaica. See
Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, vols. v. and viii.
Concanen, Matthew, Jun. Hist. and Antiq. of
417
•
CON
CON
St. Saviour's Church, Southwark; by M. C. and A. Mor.
gan. Letter to Garrow, 1796, Svo. Distribution of Bank-
rupts' Estates, 1801, 8vo.
Concanon, Thomas, M.D. Con. to Med. Com.,
1790; Hist. of an Aneurism of the Aorta Descendens.
Conder, G. W. Lectures to Working Men on Chris-
tianity, Lon., 1850, 12mo.
Conder, James. Tokens, Coins, and Medals,1799,Svo.
Conder, John, D.D., 1714–1781, a Dissenting minis-
ter of London. Ministerial Character. Serms, 1755, '58,
'59, '62, '68.
|
Conder, Josiah, 1789-1855, b. in London; son of
a bookseller. "At an early age displayed a taste for lite-
rature, and published some articles in The Athenæum,
edited by Dr. Aikin. In 1810, in connexion with a few
friends, he published a volume of poems, with the title of
the Associate Minstrel. In 1814, being a publisher and
bookseller in St. Paul's Churchyard, he purchased the
Eclectic Review, of which he continued to be the editor
until 1837,—though he retired from the bookselling business
in 1819. Under his management the Eclectic Review re-
ceived the assistance of many eminent men among the
Non-Conformists, such as Robert Hall, John Foster, Dr.
Chalmers, Dr. Vaughan, and others." Protestant Non-
conformity, 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. Epist. to the Hebrews; a
new trans., 1834, Svo. Law of the Sabbath, 1830, Svo.
Choir and the Oratory, 12mo. Hist. of Italy, 3 vols. 18mo.
Diet. of Anc. and Mod. Geography, 12mo. Poet of the
Sanctuary, 12mo. Star in the East, &c., 12mo. View of
All Religions, Svo. Expos. of the Apocalypse, Svo.
"The author displays extensive reading, diligent research, ana
a thorough acquaintance with the subject."-Lm. Christian Times.
Analytical and Comparative View of all Religions,
1838, Svo.
"It will become, as it deserves to become, a standard book in
our literature.”—Church of Eng. Quart. Review.
Modern Traveller: Description of the various Countrics
of the Globe, 33 vols. 18mo, v. y.
"No work can be found in our language, or any other, equal to
supply the place of The Modern Traveller."-Lm. Lit. Gazelle.
"It deserves a place in the library of every inquiring person."-
Blackwood's Mag.
"That useful work, The Modern Traveller, by Mr. Conder, who
has brought together so much interesting matter."-LAMBERT, the
Botanist.
"An excellent publication, ably executed.”—McCulloch Lit.P.E.
Literary History of the New Testament, Svo, 1845.
"Contains a considerable amount of useful information, brought
together from various sources with discriminating judgment."—
BICKERSTETH.
"I feel it a duty and pleasure to bear my glad testimony to the
learning, in particular sacred and ecclesiastical, the indefatigable
diligence, the wide research, the candour and impartiality, and
the sound judgment, which characterize this welcome addition to
our national literature."-DR. J. PYE SMITH.
Condie, D. Francis, M.D., b. in Philadelphia, May
12, 1796; grad. as Doctor of Medicine in the University of
Pennsylvania, March, 1818. An abridged Edition, with
Notes, of Thomas's Practice of Medicine, Phila., 1817. A
Course of Examinations for the Use of Medical Students,
Phila.; 2d ed., 1824. The Catechism of Health, Phila.,
1831. A Treatise on Epidemic Cholera: in conjunction with
Dr. John Bell, 1832. Practical Treatise on the Diseases
of Children; 3d ed., Phila., 1850, 8vo; 4th ed., revised and
augmented, 1854, Svo.
"We pronounced the first edition to be the best work on the dis-
eases of children in the English language; and, uotwithstanding
all that has been published, we still regard it in that light.”—Medi-
cal Examiner.
"Dr. Condie's scholarship, acumen, industry, and practical sense
are manifested in this, as in all his numerous contributions to
science."-Dr. Holmes's Report to the Amer. Med. Association.
"A veritable pædiatric encyclopædia, and an honour to Ameri-
can medical literature."-Ohio Medical and Surgical Journal.
"W3-feel persuaded that the American medical profession will
soon regard it not only as a very good, but as the very best, Prac-
tical Treatise on the Diseases of Children.”—Amer. Med. Journal.
"Perhaps the most full and complete work now before the pro-
fession of the United States,-indeed, we may say, in the English
language. It is vastly superior to most of its predecessors.".
Transylvania Med. Journal.
Dr. Condie has edited Dr. FLEETWOOD CHURCHILL's (q. v.)
works on the Theory and Practice of Midwifery and the
Diseases of Women, and made contributions to American
Cyclopedia of Practical Medicine and Surgery, Phila.,
1834; contributions to Philadelphia Journal of the Medi-
cal and Physical Sciences; North American Medical and
Surgical Journal; Journal of Health, Phila.; American
Journal of Medical Sciences; Transactions of the College
of Physicians of Phila.; North American Medico-Chirur-
gical Review.
Conduitt, John, Master of the Mint. Observations on
413
English Gold and Silver Coins, 1774; from Mr. C.'s MS.,
written in 1730.
Cone. Scolding no Scholarship; rel. to Dempster, 1669.
Cone, or Cawne, George. See CoNEUS.
Coney, John. Beauties of Continental Architecture,
Lon., 4to. Church Architecture of Yorkshire, edited by
Giles, fol. Ancient Cathedrals in France, Holland, and
Germany; 32 engravings, atlas fol., 1832; pub. at £10 108.
"These are the largest and best plates Coney ever executed, aud
the only ones which exhibit his distinctive excellencies in this
style of art."
English Ecclesiastical Edifices of the Olden Time; 200
engravings, 2 vols. r. fol.; pub. at £8 S8. In these 'rols.
are included the whole of the copperplates which illustrate
the S vols. of the new edit. of Dugdale's Monasticon, pub.
at £141 158.
"Our readers will here find a rich mine of artistic wealth, in the
most beautiful models of every age. during which the pointed, or
ecclesiastical, style of architecture flourished in this country."
Dublin Review, Aug. 1839.
Coney, Thomas, D.D., Preb. of Wells. Serm., 1710,
Svo; 25 do., 1730, Svo; 2 do., 1731, Svo; 2 vols., do., 1750,
Svo. Sick Bed, 1747, 12mo.
Congleton, Rt. Hon. Henry Brooke Parnell,
Lord. See PARNELL, SIR HENRY.
Congreve, Charles W., Archd. of Armagh. Serm.,
1746, Svo.
Congreve, Thomas. Navigable Communication be-
tween Trent and Severn, 1717.
Congreve, William, 1666-1729, an eminent drama-
tist, was a native of Bardsa, near Leeds. His father, an
officer in the army, stationed in Ireland, placed him at
school at Kilkenny, from whence he was removed to Tri-
nity College, Dublin. Returning to England, he entered
as a student at the Middle Temple. Very early in life he
pub. under the fictitious name of Cleophil, a novel, entitled
Incognita, or Love and Duty Reconciled. In his 21st
year his play of The Old Bachelor-written some years
before was acted at Drury Lane, and proved eminently
successful. Lord Halifax gave a substantial proof of his
approbation, by rewarding the triumphant author with a
commissionership for the licensing of coaches-a prelude to
future favours. Dryden commended the play as the best
first effort in that line which he had ever witnessed. Mrs.
Barry and Mrs. Bracegirdle, Mr. Betterton and Mr. Powel,
whose personal attractions and artistic excellence had been
brought forward to such advantage by the new author,
were of course delighted, the audience was equally charmed,
and in short the town was taken by storm.
What a com-
mentary is this upon the morality of the generation of that
day! That a piece which could not with propriety be read
aloud in the family circle should be hailed with applause
by the thousands who crowded the theatre! In 1694 Con-
greve produced The Double Dealer, which was less success-
ful than its predecessor. Dryden disgraced himself--no new
thing for him-by most profane adulation of the author:
"Heaven, that but once was prodigal before,
To Shakspeare gave as much, he could not give him more."
Bride, a Tragedy, two years later. He subsequently prc-
Love for Love appeared in 1695, and The Mourning
duced the Comedy of The Way of the World, a Masque,
entitled The Judgment of Paris, and Semele, an Opera.
After suffering for years from bodily infirmity and blind-
that account which none can escape.
ness, this thorough man of the world was summoned to
collection of his works in three vols. 8vo; dedicated to
In 1710 he pub. a
Lord Halifax. Between this and Baskerville's impression,
1761, 3 vols. Svo, there were many edits. The last edit.
was pub. by Mr. Moxon in 1849, r. 8vo, edited by Leigh
Hunt. In our article upon Jeremy Collier, we have anti-
cipated much respecting Congreve-his controversy with
Collier, the character of his plays, &c.—that we should
otherwise have found a place for here. We have already
intimated that the fact of the popularity of such produc-
is a sufficient index of the moral tone of the age. Perhaps
tions as the plays of Congreve, Wycherley, and Farquhar,
no English author has been lauded more by his contem-
poraries than William Congreve. We have already given
an exhibition of the fulsome adulation of Dryden, the
most distinguished literary man of his time. We may
instance another:
"Mr. Congreve has done me the favour to review the Eneis,
and compare my version with the original. I shall never be
ashamed to own that this excellent young man has shewed me
many faults which I have endeavoured to correct."
Pope honoured him by the dedication of the Iliad, and
better men than Pope so far forgot the tribute due to vir-
tue, as to join in the general applause which rewarded the
champion of the most shocking descriptions of vice.
We
CON
CON
are not surprised, then, that Voltaire should declare that
Congreve "raised the glory of Comedy to a greater height
than any English writer before or since his time."
The "glory" of such men is "their shame." Mr. Leigh
Hunt, to the many mischievous tendencies of his pen, has
added in his old age another offence to public decency and
private morality, in his apology for, or rather vindication
of, the licentiousness of Congreve's "genteel vulgarity."
Charity would fain hope that the unhappy author, before
his departure from a world which his talents might have
done so much to improve-alas! that they should have
been busily employed in the effort to corrupt and debase!
-repented of his offences against God and man. For-to
borrow the words of Lord Kames-
"If they did not rack their author with remorse in his last mo-
ments, he must have been lost to all sense of virtue."
"Congreve has merit of the highest kind; he is an original
writer, who borrowed neither the models of his plot nor the man-
ner of his dialogue. . . . Of his miscellaneous poetry I cannot say
any thing very favourable. The powers of Congreve seem to desert
him when he leaves the stage, as Antæus was no longer strong
than when he could touch the ground. . . . If I were required to
select from the whole mass of English poetry the most poetical
paragraph, I know not what I could prefer to an exclamation in
The Mourning Bride," &c.-DR. JOHNSON.
This extravagant commendation refers to the conversa-
tion in the Temple, act 2, scene 3.
"Congreve's Plays are exquisite of their kind, and the excessive
heartlessness and duplicity of some of his characters are not to be
taken without allowance for the ugly ideal. There is something
not natural, both in his characters and wit; and we read him
rather to see how entertaining he can make his superior fine ladies
and gentlemen, and what a pack of sensual busybodies they are.
like insects over a pool, than from any true sense of them as men
and women."-LEIGH HUNT.
The reader is referred to Mr. Thackeray's English Hu-
morists of the 18th century, article Congreve and Addi-
son. Mr. Thackeray thus happily contrasts Swift, Con-
greve, and Addison:
"We have seen in SWIFT a humorous philosopher, whose truth
frightens one, and whose laughter makes one melancholy. We
have had in CONGREVE a humorous observer of another school. to
whom the world seems to have no moral at all. and whose ghastly
doctrine seems to be that we should eat and drink and be merry
when we can, and go to the deuce (if there be a deuce) when the
time come. We come now to a humour that flows from quite a
different heart and spirit-a wit that makes us laugh, and leaves
us good and happy; to one of the kindest benefactors that society
has ever had, and I believe you have opined already that I am
about to mention ADDISON's honoured name."
See also an excellent article by Mr. T. B. Macaulay, en-
titled Comic Dramatists of the Restoration, in the Edin.
Review, January, 1841.
Congreve, Lt. Col. Sir William, 1772-1828, a
military engineer, the inventor of the "Congreve rocket,"
pub. an Elementary Treatise on the Mounting of Naval
Ordnance, Lon., 1812, 4to. Details of the Rocket System,
with General Instructions, oblong fol., £2 88. Treatise on
the Pointing of Naval Ordnance, Svo. A Short Account
of a New Principle of a Rotative Steam-Engine, Svo. A
Description of the Construction and Properties of the
Hydro-Pneumatic Lock, 1815, 4to. A Treatise on the
General Principles, Powers, and Facility of Application
of the Congreve Rocket System as compared with Artillery,
with plates, 4to.
Coniers, John. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1676, '77, '7S;
of a Hygroscope, a Trumpet, a Pump.
Coningesby, Fred. Attorney's New Pocket Book,
1798, 2 vols. 12mo.
Coningham, James. 1. Medals. 2. Serms., 1704,
'05, '15.
Coningsby, George, D.D. Serms., 1723, '33, '42.
Coningsby, Robert. Q. Fabularum, &c., 1693, Svo.
Coningsby, Thomas. Grammatical Treatise, 1647,&c.
Coningsby, Thomas, Earl of. Collec. concern-
ing the Manor of Marden, in Hereford, 1722-27. See
Lowndes's Bib. Man., and Duncumb's Hereford.
Co
Conkling, Alfred. Admiralty Jurisdiction, &c. of
the Courts in the United States, 2 vols. Svo, 1848. Trea-
tise on the Organization and Jurisdiction of the Supreme,
Circuit, and District Courts of the U. S., 2d ed., 1842, Svo.
Judge Conkling's Treatise on the Organization and Jurisdic-
tion of the Courts of the United States. is an exceedingly valuable
work for the variety of information which it contains, and the
general ability and accuracy with which it has been drawn up. It
supplies a want hitherto extensively felt in the profession, and I
cannot doubt that it will possess a large circulation, as its merits
deserve."-JOSEPH STORY.
Connak, Richard. Princes of Eng., Lon., 1747, Svo.
Princes of Wales, 1751, 8vo.
Connell, Arthur. Election Laws in Scotland, Edin.,
1827, Svo. Annual Sketch of the Progress of Law of
Scotland, 1840, 8vo.
Connell, Sir John. Law of Scotland rel. to Parishes,
Edin., 1818, 8vo. Supplement, 1823, 8vo.
"Connell on the Law of Parishes, published a few years after
is rather a continuation and fit concomitant of his valuable Trea-
Burns. is confined to topics of a nature purely ecclesiastical. It
tise on Teinds. than an exposition of the law regarding the poor."
-1 El. L. J., 211.
Treatise on the Law of Scotland respect. Tithes and the
Stipends of the Parochial Clergy, 1815,8vo; 2d ed.,1830,8vo
"It is unnecessary to enter into any details concerning a book
which no lawyer or clergyman will go without."
Connell, Richard. His Case, fol.
Connelly and Higgins's New Dictionary of the
Spanish and English, and English and Spanish Languages,
4 vols. 4to, Madrid, 1797, '98.
"The best and most complete Spanish and English Dictionary.
comprising all the Idioms, Proverbs, Marine Terms, Metaphorical
Expressions. &c. in both Languages."
Connor, Bernard, 1666-1693, M.D., a native of
Kerry, was physician to John Sobieski, King of Poland,
and subsequently a practitioner in London. Dissertationes
Medico-Physicæ, &c., Oxf., 1695, 8vo. Compendious Plan
of the Body of Physic, Oxon., 1697, Svo. De Secretione
Animali, Lon., 1697, 8vo. He pub. several other profess.
works, and one which created much attention-Evange-
lium Medici, &c., Lon., 1697, 8vo.
"This is a singular production, in which the author endeavours
to show that the miraculous cures performed by our Lord and his
apostles may be accounted for on natural principles."-ÜKME:
Bibl. Bib.
Conny, Robert, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1698:
a Shower of Fishes in Kent.
Conold, Robert. Serm. and Letters, 1675, '77.
Conolly, Lt. Arthur. Overland Journey to the
North of India from England, &c., Lon., 1834, 2 vols. 8vo.
"A worthy companion to the labours of Elphinstone and Fraser."
-Lon. Allas.
"A better guide we could scarcely desire.”—Lon. Athenæum.
"We strongly recommend this book, as containing much amuse-
ment and information."-Lom. Quarterly Rev.
Conolly, John, M.D. Study and Practice of Medi-
cine, Lon., 1831, 12mo.
cations of Insanity, Svo, 1830.
An Inquiry concerning the Indi-
"One of the most able and satisfactory works on the philosophy,
or rather on the physiology, of the human understanding, which
have been hitherto produced."-Med. and Surg. Journal, 1830.
The Construction and Government of Lunatic Asylums
and Hospitals for the Insane, 1847, 8vo. The Treatment
of the Insane without Mechanical Restraints, 1856, demy
Svo.
Conolly, Joseph. Telegraph Co., Lon., 1808, Svo.
Conolly, L. A. The Friar's Tale, 1805, 2 vols.
Conover, J. F. Digestive index of all the reported
decisions in Law and Equity of the Supreme Courts of Ohio.
Indiana, and Illinois, Phila., 1834, Svo.
Conoway, Jane. Petition to Ministers, &c., 1649.
Conrad, Judge Robert T., 1808-1858, a native of
Philadelphia, long occupied a prominent place as one of
the most cloquent orators and successful dramatic writers
of the United States. Judge Conrad's dramatic pieces-
Conrad of Naples, and Aylmere, or The Bondman of Kent
evince the possession of poetical powers of no ordinary
cast. The latter, together with a number of minor poems,
was published in 1852, Phila., 12mo. Among the most
striking of the smaller pieces in this volume may be noticed
the Sonnets on the Lord's Prayer, and Lines on a Blind
Boy Soliciting
Boy Soliciting Charity by Playing on his Flute. Judge
Conrad's prose compositions possess merits not inferior to
those which charm the readers of his poetry.
"As a citizen, a lawyer, and a judge, Mr. Conrad obtained a
widely-extended and highly-merited reputation. He was a bril-
imagery, clear in narrative, rhetorical in style, genial in humanizing
liant orator, sparkling in diction, classical in allusion, poetical in
thought, and eloquent in all. As a speaker, whatever subject he
touched he undoubtedly adorned. On whatever platform he stood,
whether on the arena of commerce, the forum of justice, the ex-
citing scene of politics, or the broad foundation of that humanity
successful and mostly a convincing speaker. It is as a man of
which emanates from the Creator,-Mr. Conrad was invariably a
letters, however, that Mr. Conrad will probably best be known in
future years. He did not write much; but he wrote well.”—DR. R.
SHELTON MACKENZIE.
Conrad, Timothy Abbott, born 1803, in N. Jersey.
A distinguished naturalist. Fossil shells of the Tertiary
formations of the United States, 1832. New Fresh-water
shells of the U. S., 1834. Monography of the Urionida
of the U. S., 1836. Miocene shells of the U. S., 1838.
Papers describing new fresh-water shells and fossils of the
U. S. in Silliman's Journal. Paleontology of Palestine
expedition under command of Lieut. Lynch, in Jour. Aca.
Nat. Sci. Phil. Paleontology in New York State Ann.
Rep., 1838-40. Geological Report in 1837, as one of the
State Geologists of N. York. Palæontology of the Pacifio
1
419
CON
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Rail Road Survey in California, 1854. Palæontology of
the Mexican Boundary Survey, conducted by Major Emory,
1854.
Conroy, John. Custodian Reports, Dubl., 1795, 8vo.
Conset, Henry. The Practice of Spiritual or Ec-
clesiastical Courts, Lon., 1685, 1700, '08, 8vo.
Consett, Matthew. Tour through Sweden, Swedish
Lapland, Finland, and Denmark, Lon., 1789, 4to; 1815,
12mo.
"A hasty tour, containing, however, many amusing observa-
tions, anecdotes, and little descriptive sketches."-LOWNDES.
Consett, Thomas. Church of Russia, &c., Lon.,
1729, 2 vols. Svo.
Const, Francis. Laws relating to the Poor, 6th ed.
by J. T. Pratt, Lon., 1827, 2 vols. 8vo.
"A valuable acquisition to practitioners in this branch of the
law."-LowNDES.
Constable, C. S. Catholic Emancipation, 1808, Svo.
Constable, F. Pathomachia, or The Battle of
Affections; a Drama, 1630, 4to.
Constable, Henry, a poet, was educated at Oxford,
but took his bachelor's degree at St. John's College, Cam-
bridge, in 1579. Diana, or the excellent conceitful sonnets
of H. C., &c., Lon., 1584, 8vo. Reprinted for the members
of the Roxburghe Club, by E. Littledale, Esq., 1818, Svo.
Spiritual Sonnettes: see Heliconia, vol. ii. Sonnets: see
Harleian Miscellany, vol. ix.
"Noble Henry Constable was a great master of the English
tongue; nor had any gentleman of our nation a more pure, quick,
or higher delivery of conceit: witness, among all others, that son-
net of his before his Majesty's Lepanto."-Edmund Bolton's Hy-
percritica.
"He was highly praised by Bolton, Ben Jonson, and others, and
Mr. Warton mentions him as a 'noted sonnet writer;' yet the fol-
lowing, though as notable sonnets as his Diana could furnish, can
hardly entitle him to be denominated the first sonnetteer of his
time."-Ellis's Specimens: and see Malone's Shakspeare, x. 74;
Todd's Milton, and Warton's Eng. Poetry.
6
Constable, John, was educated at Byham Hall, op-
posite Merton College, Oxford, where in 1515 he took the
degree of M.A., and obtained great reputation as a poet
and rhetorician. Querela Veritatis. Epigrammata: both
in Latin, 1520.
Constable, John. Reflections on Accuracy of Style,
Lon., 1734, Svo. A most important theme.
|
Constancio, F. S.,M.D. An Appeal, Edin., 1797, 8vo.
Constantine, William. Interest of England, 1642,
4to; on Unity of the Protestant Religion.
Convenant, J. Histoire des Dernières Révolutions
dans la Princepauté d'Orange, Lon., 1704.
Conway. The Depopulated Vale; a Poem, Lon.,
1774, 4to.
Conway, Lord Viscount. Proceedings of the
lish Army in Ulster, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Conway, H. D. Tales of Ardennes, Lon., 8vo.
"The language of these Tales is graceful, and many of the de-
scriptions are poetical."-Lím. Literary Gazelte.
Conway, General Henry Seymour, 1720-1795,
Secretary of State from 1765 to 1768. Speech in H. of
Commons, Lon., 1780, 8vo. Who can ever forget Conway,
that remembers the speeches of Edmund Burke? False
Appearances, a Comedy; altered from the French, 1789,
8vo. Conway Papers, 5 vols. 8vo.
"Think what I have in part recovered! Only the state papers,
private papers, &c. &c. of the Lords Conway, Secretaries of State.
.. They seem to have laid up every scrap of paper they ever had,
from the middle of Queen Elizabeth's reign to the middle of Charles
the Second's. . . . Will here not be food for the press?"-Horace
Walpole to George Montague.
See Walpole's Letters to General Conway.
Conway, Sir John. Godly Meditations and Praiers
gathered out of the Sacred Letters and Vertuous Writers,
Lun., 8vo.
Conway, William. An Exortation to Charitie, very
needefull at this Tyme, for eche Man and Woman to em-
brace, Lon., 8. a. 16mo.
Conybeare, John, D.D., 1692-1755, admitted a bat-
tler of Exeter College, 1708; Fellow, 1710; Rector of St.
Clement's, Oxford, 1724; Rector of Exeter College, 1730;
Dean of Christ Church, 1732; Bishop of Bristol, 1750.
Serm. on Miracles, 1722, 8vo. Highly esteemed. Sermon,
1724, 8vo. Subscription to Articles of Religion, a Serm.,
1726, 8vo. Very celebrated. Defence of Revealed Reli-
gion, in answer to Tindal's Christianity as Old as the Crea-
tion, 1732, 8vo. An admirable confutation. Three edits.
in a year.
"One of the best-reasoned books in the world."-BISHOP WAR-
BURTON.
"His sermons abound with just and solid reflections, useful ob-
servations on the conduct of human life, and clear reasonings on
a variety of important subjects."-Lon. Monthly Review.
Other serms. After the bishop's death a collection of
his sermons was pub. for the benefit of his family, ia 2
vols. 8vo, 1757, on a sbscription list of 4600 copies.
Some of Bishop Conybeare's sermons will be found in
Bishop Randolph's Enchiridion Theologicum.
Conybeare, John Josias, 1779-1824, enterod of
Christ Church, Oxford, 1797; elected to the Anglo-Saxon
Professorship, 1807; Professor of Poetry, 1812. The Bamp-
ton Lectures for 1824; on the interpretation of Scripture,
Oxf., 1824, 8vo.
"This work contains much valuable information."-BICKERSTETH.
Illustrations of Anglo-Saxon Poetry, edited by W. D. Co-
nybeare, 1826, Svo. This work has done much to promote
the study of Anglo-Saxon literature. Large portions of
the Song of the Traveller and Beowulf will be found in the
volume. Mr. Conybeare was a contributor to the British
Bibliographer.
Conybeare, Very Rev. William Daniel, Dean
of Llandaff, 1787-1857, was born at his father's rectory,
St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate; entered Christ Church Coll.,
Oxford, 1805; took the degree of B.A., 1808, and M.A. in
1811. "He was one of the earliest promoters of the Geo-
logical Society; and the important services he has rendered
to geological science may be seen in his numerous papers
printed in the Society's Trans." Theological Lectures, in
3 parts, Lon., 1834; 2d ed., 1836, Svo.
His theological lectures are beyond all praise."
“Much valuable and erudite information, conveyed in a popular
form, on the character of the Semitic dialects in general, will be
found in the essay appended."— LOWNDES.
Bampton Lectures for 1839: On the Fathers during the
Ante-Nicene Period, Oxford, 1839, Svo. Outlines of the
Geology of England and Wales, by W. D. C. and William
Phillips, 1822: Part 1: all printed. Geological Memoir of
the Landslip in Devon, fol., 1840.
Conybeare, W. J., son of the preceding, d. 1857; late
Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; Principal of the
Collegiate Institution, Liverpool. Serms. preached in the
Chapel Royal at Whitehall, Lon., 1844, Svo. The Life
and Epistles of St. Paul, Lon., 1850-52, 2 vols. 4to, (Amer.
ed., N.Y., 1854, 2 vols. 8vo,) by W. J. C. and Rev. J. S.
Howson; the trans. of the Epistles and Speeches of St.
Paul by W. J. C., the narrative, archæological, and geo-
graphical portions by the latter. This is one of the most
important contributions to theological literature since the
Reformation.
"A valuable help towards understanding the New Testament.
Eng-The Greek and Latin quotations are almost entirely confined to
the notes: any unlearned reader may study the text with ease and
profit.”—N. Brit. Rev., Feb. 1854.
"The purpose of this work is to give a living picture of St. Paul
himself, and of the circumstances by which he was surrounded.
The biography of the apostle must be compiled from two sources:
1st, his own letters; and 2dly, the narrative in the Acts of the
Apostles."
.
"It is our sober conviction that, as a guide to the true knowledge
of Paul's life and writings, it is worth any half-dozen commenta-
ries we have met with."-REV. DR. SPRAGUE, of Albany.
Essays, Ecclesiastical and Social, 8vo. Perversion, 8vo.
Conyers, James. Serm., Lon., 1635.
Conyers, Richard. Med. Essays and Serm., 1729–64.
Conyers, Tobias. Serm., 1659, 4to.
Coode, G. Remarks on Legislative Expression, or
the Language of the Written Law, Lon., 1845, 8vo; 2d
ed., 1852.
"To statesmen, capable of close thought, and to well-educated
lawyers, this extremely able treatise will be of much value, if they
choose to profit by it; to the herd of ordinary draftsmen it will be
utterly unintelligible. Its object is to teach these persons the ru
diments of the art of expressing laws."-2 N. S. Law Mag., 413.
Cook. The Eng. School-Master, Lon., 1656, 4to.
Cook, Aurelian. Titus Britannicus, 1685, 8vo.
Cook, Ebenezer. The Sal-Weed Factor; or, A Voy-
age to Maryland; a Satire, Lon., 4to.
Cook, Edward. Duello Foiled. See Hearne's Col-
lection, ii. 223.
Cook, Eliza, b. 1817, the daughter of a tradesman in
the borough of Southwark, near London, gained consider-
able reputation when in her 20th year, as a poetical con-
tributor to some of the higher class of London periodicals
The New Monthly Magazine, The Metropolitan, The
Literary Gazette, &c. In 1840 a vol. of her poems was
pub. in London, and was repub. in New York in 1844,
under the title of Melaia, and other Poems. Many edits,
of her poems, considerably augmented, have been since
pub. in England and America. The Old Arm Chair, The
Old Farm Gate, Home in the Heart, The Last Good-Bye,
and I Miss Thee, My Mother! are known to and loved by
thousands, both old and young. In September, 1849, ap-
peared the first number of Eliza Cook's Journal.
"I am anxious," she remarks, "to give my feeble aid to th
426
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gantic struggle for intellectual elevation now going on, and fling
my energies and will into a cause where my heart will zealously
animate my duty."
Such philanthropic aspirations were not doomed to dis-
appointment:-Eliza Cook's Journal now (1854) stands
among the first in point of popularity and circulation in
the list of periodicals, which have done so much for the
mental culture of Great Britain and America.
"The characteristics of her poetry are, great freedom, ease, and
heartiness of sentiment and expression; and she makes you feel
at once that her whole heart is in all she writes; that she gives full
utterance to the depths of her soul—a soul that is in sympathy
with all that is pure and true."-PROF. CLEVELAND: Eng. Lil. of the
19th Century.
Cook, F. C. Poetry for Schools. Comment. on Acts,
1850, 12mo.
"This little book is chiefly designed for public or popular schools;
and the selections have been made upon the high principle of ex-
panding the intellects of the pupils, and humanizing and elevating
their sentiments."-Spectator.
Cook, Francis. Theolog. treatises, 1641, '45, '50. ´
Cook, George. Serm., 1805, 4to.
Cook, George, D.D., of Laurence Kirk. Hist. of the
Reformation in Scotland, Edin., 1811, 3 vols. Svo, and 1819.
"The author is a friend to civil and religious liberty; he has
done justice to the talents and character of the Reformers, and
evinced much industry and impartiality in examining the author-
ities from which he has taken his materials."-McCrie's Life of
Knox.
Hist. of the Church of Scotland, Lon., 1815, 3 vols. 8vo.
See Edin. Review, xxvii. 163. Reality of Christ's Resur-
rection, 1808, 8vo.
"A well-written and valuable book."-British Critic.
Substance of a Speech in the G. Assembly, 1816, 8vo.
Cook, J. Address to the Public on the Prevention of
Crime, 1793, 8vo.
Cook, Captain James, a celebrated circumnaviga-
tor, b. in Yorkshire, 1728, killed in a quarrel with the na-
tives at Owhyhee, one of the Sandwich Islands, in 1799.
Of Cook's First Voyage, 1768-71, an account will be found
in Dr. Hawkesworth's collection, including voyages of By-
ron, Wallis, Carteret, and Cook, pub. Lon., 1773, 3 vols. 4to.
Captain Cook's account of his Second Voyage, 1772-75,
was pub. in 2 vols. 4to, Lon., 1777. His Account of his
Third Voyage, 1776-79, with its conclusion by Captain
King, 1779, '80, was pub. in 3 vols. 4to, Lon., 1784, '85. Ac-
count of the Three Voyages, pub. in 7 vols. Svo, Lon., 1821,
and in 2 vols. 8vo, 1842. See Dibdin's Library Companion;
Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; and read Dr. Kippis's Life of Cook
in Biog. Brit.
(*
The spirit, disinterestedness, penetration, physical and intel-
lectual energies of Captain James Cook, fitted him in an especial
manner for the various and extraordinary discoveries which he so
successfully accomplished, and to which, alas! he fell a victim and
a sacrifice. Never were such labours closed by such a tragical ca-
tastrophe; and if the eulogies of the good and the wise of all coun-
tries be grateful to departed spirits, surely there is no spirit which
can be soothed with purer attestations of worth. and higher acknow-
ledgments of excellence, than that of this unparalleled and most
unfortunate commander."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
The eight 4to vols. referred to above. (the Admiralty
edit.,) comprehending accounts of Cooks three voyages,
are richly ornamented with plates by Bartolozzi, Basire,
Pouncey, Lerpinière, and other eminent engravers.
This noble set of books is the fittest monument raised to Eng-
land's greatest navigator. All the literary and artistic resources
of the age were employed in it, and there is no greater ornament
to a public or private library."
Cook, John. Redintegratio Amoris, Lon., 1647, 4to.
Passage from Sea from Wexford to Kinsale, 1650, 4to.
Monarchy no Creature of God's Making, wherein is proved
that the Execution of the Late King was one of the Fattest
Sacrifices that ever Queen Justice had, Waterf., 1652, Svo;
new ed., 1794, Svo. Other treatises.
Cook, or Cooke, John. Green's Tu Quoque; or the
Cittie Gallant; a Play of much humour, Lon., 1614, 4to.
He also wrote 50 Epigrams.
Cook, John. Serm., Lon., 1675, 4to.
Cook, John, D.D., Prof. of Divinity at St. Andrews.
Inquiry into the Books of the New Testament, Edin., 1821,
"He treats of the elements of theology, of the interpretation,
the authenticity, the integrity of the text, the purpose and style.
and the divinity of the revelation of the New Testament. On all
these subjects the work deserves to be consulted."—ORME: Bibl, Bib.
"A masterly treatise on Sacred Criticism.”—T. H. Horne's Introd,
On a similar plan with the lectures of Bishop Marsh.
See Lon. Eclectic Review, N. S., xviii. 310.
Cook, John, D.D., of Haddington. Styles of Writs
and Forms of Procedure in the Church Courts of Scotland.
revised and adapted to the Present State of the Law of the
Church, Edin., 1850, 8vo.
“A work which ought to be on the table of every Presbyter,
and in the Library c'every parish minister."-Edin. Advertiser.
Acts of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland,
from 1843 to 1850, inclusive, imp. 8vo.
"These Acts contain a great mass of litigation, generally of a
sound practical character, a knowledge of which is absolutely in-
dispensable to every member of our Church Courts."-Edin. Adeer.
Cook, John, M.D. Philosophy Unveiled, 1723, 8vo.
Cook, John, M.D. Voyages and Travels through the
Russian Empire, Tartary, &c., Edin., 1770, 2 vols. 8vo.
Cook, M. Waste in Dress, Lon., 1787, 8vo.
Cook, Moses. Raising, &c. Forest and Fruit Trees,
&c., 1676-79, &c.
Cook, S. Answer to Lord Sheffield on the Navigation
System, 1804.
Cook, Captain S. E. Sketches in Spain during the
years 1829-32, Lon., 1834, 2 vols. 8vo.
6.
» Full of curious information, and anecdotes not to be met with
elsewhere."
Cook, Thomas. Industry and Idleness; forming a
part of a new edit. of the Works of Hogarth, 1796.
Cook, W. H., M.D., b. 1832, in New York City; Prof
of Therapeutics, &c. in the Physio-Medical Coll., Ohio.
Treatise on the Dysentery, 1855. Principles and Practice
of Physio-Medical Surgery, Cincinnati, 1857, Svo.
Cook, William. Warming by Pipes: Phil. Trans., 1745.
Cooke, of the Inner Temple. Chronica Juridicalia,
Lon., 1685, Svo. Argumentum Anti-Normanicum, 1682,
8vo. See this answered in Brady's Introd. to Old Eng. Hist.
Cooke. Remark. Declarations and Speeches, 1681, fol.
Cooke. Trans. of Histoire de l'Edit de Nantes, 1694,4to.
Cooke, Alexander. Pope Joane; proving that a
woman called Joan was Pope of Rome, Lon., 1610, 4to;
with addits., 1625. See Harleian Miscellany, vol. iv. In
French, Sedan, 1633, Svo. Worke, more Worke, and a little
more Worke for a Masse-Priest, Lon., 1628; best edit.,
1630, 4to. The Weather Cocke of Rome's Religion, 1625,
4to. The Abatement of Popish Braggs, pretending Scrip-
ture to be theirs, 1625, 4to.
"Cooke was a person most admirably well read in the controver-
sies between the protestants and the papists. vers'd in the fathers
and schoolmen, a great Calvinist, yet witty and ingenious, and a
satyrical enemy in his writings against the Romanists."—ANTHONÝ
WOOD.
Cooke, Anne. See BACON, LADY ANNE.
Cooke, Benjamin. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1738, '45,
'47; Nat. Philos.. Horticulture, &c.
Cooke, Benjamin, d. 1793, a composer of music.
Cooke, Benjamin. Con. to Nic. Jour., 1809, '10,
'11, '12; Nat. Philos. and Domestic Economy.
Cooke, Sir Charles. Commerce of G. B. and Ireland.
Cooke, E. Prospective Glass of War, 1628.
Cooke, E. W. Shipping and Craft, Lon., 1829, r. 4to;
65 etchings.
"These illustrative etchings are of a very surprising character.
They are executed in a bold and masterly style, which, coupled with
the fidelity of the design, shows uncommon power.”—Lɔ. Times.
Cooke, Edward. A just and seasonable Reprehen-
sion of Naked Breasts and Shoulders; with a preface by
Richard Baxter, Lon., 1678, Svo.
Cooke, Edward. Magna Charta, Lon., 1680, 12mo.
Cooke, Edward. Certain Passages which happened
at Newport, Nov. 29, 1648, relating to Charles I., Lon.,
1690, 4to.
In this pamphlet are several things worth reading that were
never before published."-Athen. Oxon.
Reprint. with Sir Thos. Herbert's Memoirs of K. Chas. I.
Cooke, Edward. Love's Triumph, etc.; a Trag., Lon.,
1678, 4to.
Cooke, Edward. A Serm., Lon., 1719, Svo.
Cooke, Edward. Union between G. B. and Ireland,
1798.
Cooke, Captain Edward. Voyage to the South
Seas and round the World, Lon., 1712, 2 vols. Svo.
Cooke, Elizabeth. See RUSSELL, LADY ELIZABETH.
Cooke, Elisha, d. 1737, of Mass. Political tracts.
Cooke, F. Universal Letter-Writer, Lon., 1819, 12mo.
Cooke, G. Wingrove. Memoirs of Lord Boling-
broke, Lon., 1835, 2 vols. 8vo. Life of the Earl of Shaftes-
bury, edited by G. W. C., 1836, 2 vols. 8vo.
"An invaluable piece of biography, and one of great interest,
relating to the most instructive portion of our history-the wars
between Charles I. and his Parliament."-Lm. Athenæum.
The History of Party; 2d edit., 1840, 3 vols. 8vo.
"Mr. Cooke's work is a valuable one. He has laboured zealously
and well.”—Lon. Globe.
Treatise on the Law of Defamation, 1844, 12mo.
“This is one of the latest and best books on the Law of Defama
tion.”—Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Inclosure of Commons; 3d edit., 1856, 12mo. Enfran-
chisement of Copyholds, 1852, 12mo; 2d ed., 1853. Law
and Practice of Agricultural Tenancies, 1851, Svó.
421
COO
COO
"There is much wading in order to arrive at a useful truth. The '
time is now come to disentangle negotiations such as a farming
tenancy from all feudal entertainments, and place them on sound
economical principles. and the intelligencies of commou sense, rea-
Bou, and simple notice."-Donaldsím's Agricull. Biog.
China in 1857-58. Lon., 1858. Commended.
Cooke, George. Etchings of Views of London and
its Vicinity; 50 engravings, 1826-28, r. 4to. Thames
Seenery; 75 engravings, Lon., 1822, r. 4to. See H. G.
Bohn's Guinea Catalogue, Lon., 1841. Also refer there to
COOKE, E. W., and W. B.
Cooke, Sir George. Reports of Cases in the C. P.,
&c., and Rules, Orders, &c. in the K. B., Lon., 1740-42, fol.
Cooke, Henry. Serm., Camb., 1704, 4to.
Cooke, J. Serm., 1812, Svo.
Cooke, J. A. New Orders of the H. C. of Chancery;
2d ed.. Lon., 1842, 12mo.
"This is said to be a meagre and indifferent publication." See
2 Jurist. 971.
Cooke, James. Juridica Determinatio trium Ques-
tionum de Majestate, Oxon., 1608, 4to.
Cooke, James. Mellificium Chirurgie; or, the Mar-
row of Chirurgery, Anatomy, and Physick, much enlarged,
&c.. Lon., 1616, Svo; Supplement, 1655, 12mo.
Cooke, James. Drill Husbandry perfected, 1784.
Cooke, John, of Canterbury. Serms., 1729, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Quæ couciones multum laudantur."-Walchii Bibliotheca Theo
logica.
"I refer the reader to this, as a useful catalogue from which he
may select such writers of sermons as he may think fit for bis
library; for where all are equally good, it would be presumptuous
in me to attempt to particularize the best."-BISHOP WATSON.
"If continued to the present time, and made to include Com-
mentaries and Treatises founded on chapters and texts, and printed
in a smaller type, so as to come into one volume, it being only
wanted for reference. it would be an invaluable work for ministers.
For older Treatises, &c.. see A Catalogue of our English Writers in
the Old and New Testaments, 12mo, 1668."-Bickersteth's Chris-
tian Student.
Cooke, Thomas, 1702 ?-1756, a native of Braintree,
Essex, a poet and man of learning. In 1725 he pub. a
poem entitled The Battle of the Poets, in which Pope,
Swift, and others were treated with more freedom than
reverence. But Cooke excited Pope's ire to a much higher
pitch by publishing in The Daily Journal in 1727 a trans.
of the episode of Thersites in the 2d book of the Iliad, to
show the blunders of Pope. For this exposure, and Cooke's
share in Penelope, a Farce, the reader already anticipates
Cooke, John. Compting H. Assistant, 1761, 12mo. the penalty. If Pope was not a Hellenist, he was an ex-
Cooke, John, Rector of Wentnor, Salop. Sermon, cellent satirist, and Mr. Cooke was at once placed in the
1773, Svo. The Preacher's Assistant, Oxford, 1783, 2 vols. literary pillory yelep'd The Dunciad. In a subsequent
Svo: vol. i. containing the Texts of Serms. and Dis-edit. of The Battle of the Poets, Cooke notices this con-
courses pub. since the Restoration; vol. ii. The Authors, and temptible conduct of Pope, and speaks with little respect
a succinct view of their works.
of his
66
Philosophy or dignity of mind who could be provoked by what
a boy writ concerning his translation of Homer, and in verses
which gave no long promise of duration.”
The Knights of the Bath, 1725. The Triumph of Love
and Honour, a Play. The Eunuch, a Farce. The Mourn-
ful Nuptials, a Trag. Life and Writings of A. Marvell,
1726, 2 vols. 12mo. Trans. of Hesiod, 1728; of Cicero on
the Nature of the Gods, Poems, 1742. Trans. of Plautus,
vol. i., 1754; all pub.
"Dr. Johnson told us of Cooke who translated Hesiod, and lived
twenty years on a translation of Plautus, for which he was always
taking in subscriptions; and that he presented Foote to a club in
the following singular manner-This is the nephew of a gentle-
man who was lately hung in chains for murdering his brother."".
Boswell's Tour to the Hebrides.
Cooke, John. De Intestinis eorumque affectibus in
genere, Ultr., 1648, 4to.
Cooke, John. Trans. Irish Acad., 1789, 1818: Steam
Engine: Instrument for Navigation; Wheel Carriages.
Cooke, John. Hist. Account of Greenwich Hospital,
by J. C. and Mr. Maull, 1789, 4to. Sermon, 1789, Svo.
Voyage of the Earl of Sandwich, 1799, 4to.
Cooke, John. Confess. of a Deist, 1796, Svo. Let-
ters, 1797. Memoirs and Remains of G. Redford, 1828, 8vo.
Cooke, John. Circular Atlas, 1801. See Nic. Jour.
1801.
Cooke, John. Serms., Birmingham, 1835, 8vo.
"Written in an unpretending style, and while they are correct
In their views, are pleasing as to manner."-British Mag.
Cooke, John, M.D. Profess. treatises, Lon., 1730-
89: medical, medical botany, chemical, and antiquarian.
Cooke,John Conrade. Cookery and Confectionary.
"The present work cannot be surpassed by Gunter, Jarrin, Ude,
or Beauvilliers."-Lon. Literary Magnet.
Cooke, John Esten, b. 1830, at Winchester, Vir-
ginia, brother of Philip Pendleton Cooke. 1. Leather!
Stocking and Silk. 2. The Virginia Comedians; from the
MSS. of C. Effingham, Esq.
“The period of the story is about the middle of the last century;
the place Williamsburg, Virginia, and its vicinity; the characters
Virginia gentlemen of that day and generation, among whom
comes Beatrice Hallam, the leading actress of a company of come
dians of that ilk, and one of the most striking, truthful. and
lovable characters in modern fiction. The interest of the book
never flags. The characters are such that we cannot be indifferent
to them, and the author absorbs us in their actions and their fate."
3. Yorth of Jefferson. 4. Henry St. John, Gentle
man, New York, 1858. Contributor to the Southern Lite-
rary Messenger.
}
Cooke, Joseph. Theolog. Essays, 1806, '08, '11.
Cooke, Layton. The Grazier's Manual; being Ta-
bles showing the net weight of Cattle, Calves, Sheep, and
Swine, on new principles, Lon., 1819, 12mo.
A neat volume of most useful materials.”—Donaldson's Agri-
cult. Biog.
Cooke, Nath. Treatises on Polit. Economy, Lon.,
1798, 1811, 8vo. Immortality of the Soul, 1813, 4to.
Cooke, Philip Pendleton, 1816-1850, a native of
Berkeley county, Virginia. 1. Froissart Ballads, and other
Poems. 2. The Chevalier Merlin: in course of publica-
tion in the Southern Literary Messenger at the time of
Mr. Cooke's death. Mr. Cooke contributed many papers
to the above-named magazine and other periodicals.
"Undoubtedly Philip Pendleton Cooke was one of the truest
poets of our day, and what he has left was full of promise that he
would become one of the most famous.”—DR. R. W. GRISWOLD.
"In its rare and peculiar excellence, in delicately-tonched senti-
ment, Florence Vane has the merit of an antique song"-Duyc-
kincks Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
"The Chevalier Merlin is less a novel than a prose poem. No
one but Mr. Cooke could have written it."-EDGAR A. POE.
Cooke, Richard. A White Sheet; a Serm. on Heb.
xiii. 4. Lon., 1629, 4to.
Cooke, or Cocus, Robert. Censura quorunduma
Scriptorum quæ sub Nominibus Sanctorum et Veterum
Auctorum Pontificiis citari solent, Lon., 1614, 1623-29, 4to.
Cooke, Samuel, of Mass. Serms., 1748-71.
Cooke, Shadrach. Serms., 1685-1723.
Cooke, Thomas. Episcopacy Asserted, 1641.
Cooke, Thomas. Serms., 1702, '12, Svo.
Cooke, Thomas. Christian Sacrifices, 1704, 4to.
Cooke, Thomas. Funeral Serm., 1709, 4to.
Cooke, Thomas. Serm., 1752. Essay, 1753.
Cooke, Thomas. The King Cannot Err, Com.,(1762,)
12mo. The Hermit Converted. (1771,) Svo.
Trans. of G. Zollikofer's Sermons, 1807-
14, 11 vols. 8vo.
Cooke, W.
-
"These Sermons breathe the pure and gentle spirit of Chris-
tianity, and exhibit religion to our view in the most animated and
alluring form."
Cooke, W. Notes to Morgagni's Seats and Causes of
Diseases, Phila., 2 vols. 8vo.
Cooke, William. Vindication of the Professors
and Profession of the Law, 1642, 4to. What a book for
lawyers!
Cooke, William. Infant Baptism, 1644, '51, 4to.
Cooke, William. Inquiry into the Patriarchal and
The
Druidical Religion, Temples, &c., Lon., 1755, 4to.
Medallic History of Imperial Rome, 1781, 2 vols. 4to.
Other works.
Cooke, William, 1757-1832, a law writer of London,
of considerable eminence. Bankrupt Laws, 1786; 8th ed.,
with addits. by Geo. Roots, 1823, 2 vols. r. 8vo. This was
long the standard upon the subject, but has now become
obsolete excepting for reference to the old statutes.
Cooke, William, d. 1824, a native of Cork, settled
in London, and obtained some celebrity as a writer. The
Art of Living in London; a Poem. The Elements of
Dramatic Criticism, 1775, 8vo. The Capricious Lady; a
Com., 1783, Svo. Conversation, a Didactic Poem, 1796,
4to; 2d ed., 1807, 8vo; 4th ed., 1815. A poem of great
merit. Memoirs of C. Macklin, Svo. Memoirs of Sam.
Foote, with some of his writings, 1805, 3 vols. 8vo.
Cooke, William, Fellow of King's Collego, Cam-
bridge, Greek Prof. at that University from 1780 to 1790.
prælectio ad auctum publicum habita, Cantab., 1787, 4to.
Serms., 1780, '81. Aristotelis de Re Poetica, 1785, 8vo.
The Revelations translated, examined, and explained
throughout, with Keys, Illustrations, Notes, and Com-
ments, &c., Lon., 1789, Svo. This work has been severely
criticized:
"A writer who can discover the Jewish church in the Iliad,
and Christianity in the Odyssey, may certainly find whatever he
pleases in the Book of Revelation; but it is not equally co tajn
422
COO
COO
that he is qualified to detect the fallacies of Joseph Mede and to
prove him mistaken, false, and erroneous."-Lon. Month. Rev.,
A very useless and trifling performance, and noticed here!
N.S., iii. 148.
merely to prevent the reader's being taken in-as the author once
was-by ordering it.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Cooke, William, Surgeon. Profess. treatises, 1810,'11.
Cooke, William. Geography, Lon., 1812, 4to.
Cooke, William. Isle of Wight, Southamp., 1813,
Sermons, 1847, '50.
8vo.
Cooke, William.
Cooke, William B. Southern Coast of England,
1817-27, Lon., 2 vols. r. 4to. For other works of this
eminent artist, see Lowndes's Bibl. Man., and H. G. Bohn's
Guinea Cat., 1841.
Cookesey, John. Serm., Lon., 1743, '57, '60.
Cookesley, William, Surgeon. Profess. treatises,
1736, &c., in Ed. Med. Ess., v. p. 427, and Med. Obs. and
Inq., iii. p. 64.
Cookesley, William G. Serms., Lon., 1843-44, 2
vols. 8vo.
"Sound and moderate in doctrine, earnest in their exhortations,
and well suited for the purposes of family and domestic worship.”
-Church and State Gazelle.
Cooksey, Richard. Essay on Lord Somers, and
Philip, Earl of Hardwicke; proposed to be inserted in a
compendious Hist. of Worcestershire, Lon., 1791, 4to.
"An esteemed work."
Miscellaneous Poems, 1796, 8vo.
Cookson, J., M.D. Phil. Trans., 1735, '45: Med.
and Magnetism.
Cookson, Rev. James. Polygamy, 1782. Prayer
Book, 1811.
Coole, Benj. Reflections on a Letter on Locke's Pa-
raphrase and Notes, 1717, 8vo.
Pharmaceutical Latin
Cooley, Arnold James.
Grammar, 1845, Lon., 12mo.
"Illustrated by apposite quotations on medical subjects."-
Med. Gaz.
Cyclopædia of Practical Receipts; 3d ed., 1858, Svo,
pp. 1350.
"A compendious dictionary of reference to the manufacturer,
tradesman, and amateur.”—Preface.
Claudius Ptolemy and the Nile, 1854, Svo.
Cooling, Dennis. Assize Serm., 1708, 4to.
Coombe, Thomas, D.D., a native of Philadelphia,
banished at the time of the Revolution; afterwards became
Prebendary of Canterbury. 1. The Peasant of Auburn,
or The Emigrant; a Poem, Lon., 1775. 2. Serms., &c., 1771,
'S3. 'S9.
Coombe, William, 1741-1823. 1. The Diabolaid; a
Poem. 2. Devil upon Two Sticks in England. 3. Royal
Register, (q. v.) 4. Letters which passed under the name of
Lord Lyttleton. 5. River Thames. 6. Tours of Dr. Syn-
tax in Search of the Picturesque, &c., 3 vols. 8vo, coloured
plates. A popular work. 7. The English Dance of Death.
9. The Dance of Life. 9. History of Johnny Quæ Genus.
Coombes, W. Trans. of C. Brancadoro's oration at
Funeral of Pius VI., &c., 1800.
Cooper. Poetical Blossoms, 1793, 12mo.
Cooper. 1. Serm. 2. Poem, 1796, '97.
Cooper, A. Complete Distiller, Lon., 1757, Svo.
Cooper, Alexander. Essay upon the Chronology
of the World, Edin., 1722, 8vo.
"It is not a book which will satisfy a person who is acquainted
with the present state of chronological and biblical science; but it
affords evidence that the author studied the Scripture and the his-
tory of the world very closely; and was desirous of promoting the
honour of the sacred volume.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Cooper, Andrew. The History of the English Civil
Warrs; in English Verse, Lon., 1860, 8vo.
"Little more than a gazette or journal of passing events, in balt-
Ing rhyme."-LOWNDES.
Cooper, Anthony Ashley, first Earl of Shaftesbury,
1621-1683, a distinguished politician, educated at Exeter
College, Oxford, the son of Sir John Cooper, Baronet, exer-
cised a commanding influence upon the events of his time.
His intellectual character was much admired by John
Locke, who is supposed to have been indebted for the
groundwork of his celebrated essay on Toleration to an
outline drawn up by his lordship. A list of Speeches, &c.
by this distinguished nobleman will be found in Park's
Walpole's R. and N. Authors.
"He canted tyranny under Cromwell, practised it under Charles
the Second, and disgraced the cause of liberty by being the busiest
instrument for it, when every other party had rejected him.”—
HORACE WALPOLE.
"For close designs and crooked counsels fit,
Sagacious, bold, and turbulent of wit:
Restless. unfixed in principles and place;
In pow'r unpleas'd, impatient of disgrace."
Dryden's Absalom and Achitophel.
But after this satire was published, his lordship nominated
Dryden's son to a scholarship in the Charter House, where-
upon the poet thus made the amende honorable for his
savage assault. He tells us of Lord Chancellor Shaftes-
bury:
Cooley, James Ewing, b. 1802, in Massachusetts.
The American in Egypt, &c. in 1839, '40, N. York, Svo.
Cooley, William D. Euclid's Elements: Figures
of Euclid; both, 1839, 12mo. Geomet. Propos., 1840, 12mo.
The Negroland of the Arabs Examined and Explained,
Lon., 1841, 8vo.
Cooper, Anthony Ashley, third Earl of Shaftesbury,
1671-1713, grandson of the above, had his early studies in
part directed by John Locke, and was instructed in Latin
and Greek by a lady of the name of Birch, who spoke these
languages with ease and fluency. Under her care he be-
came no contemptible scholar when only 11 or 12 years of
age, at which time he was placed at Winchester School.
and his remarkable apology for a speech on High Treason
After travelling on the Continent, he entered Parliament,
is still celebrated. In 1711 he again visited the Continent,
"A truly classical work.”—Count G. da Hemso.
Hist. of Maritime and Inland Discovery, 1830, 3 vols. and died at Naples, Feb. 4, 1713. His Letter concerning
8vo; and 1846.
"A comprehensive and well-written sketch."-McCULLOCH.
The World Surveyed in the 19th Century: vol. i., Par-
rot's Ascent of Mount Ararat, 1845, 8vo; vol. ii., iii., Er-
man's Travels in Siberia, 1848, 2 vols. 8vo.
|
"Mr. Cooley has done the cause of knowledge much good service
by his able and vigorous translation of Mr. Erman's valuable work.
Enthusiasm appeared in 1708. The Moralist, a Philoso-
phical Rhapsody, 1709. Sensus Communis, 1710. This
is "a recital of certain conversations on natural and moral
subjects." Soliloquy, or Advice to an Author, 1710. Let-
ters written by a Noble Lord to a Young Man at the Uni-
versity, 1716. Letters to Robert Molesworth, Esq., 1716.
Judgment of Hercules. Letter concerning Design. But
his most celebrated work was his Characteristics of Men,
Matters, Opinions, and Times, 1711-23, 3 vols. Svo, and in
1732. Many sentiments in the Characteristics are consi-
dered as unfavourable to Christianity.
To no more skilful hands could the task have been intrusted.”-
Dublin Review.
"Mr. Pope told me. that, to his knowledge. the characteristics
had done more harm to Revealed Religion in England than all the
works on Infidelity put together."-BISHOP WARBURTON.
"Charles the Second said to him one day, 'Shaftesbury, I believe
thou art the wickedest fellow in my dominions.' He bowed, and
replied,' Of a subjec!, sir, I believe I am.'
"""
The celebrated Shaftesbury; of powers as universal as his am-
bition was unbounded; the idol of the rabble at Wapping: the wit
and man of fashion among the courtiers at Whitehall, and a states-
man in the House of Lords; whom the King. after listening to him
in a debate, pronounced fit to teach his bishops divinity, and bis
judges law; a minister. a patriot, a chancellor, and a demagogue:
in whatever direction he moved, the man on whom all eyes were
Smyth's Lect. on Mod. Hist.
to be turned; to whom nothing was wanting but virtue."-Prof.
"In Israel's court ne'er sat an Abethdin
With more discerning eyes, or hands more clean:
Unbrib'd. unsought, the wretched to redress,
Swift of despatch, and easy of access."
A Life of the Earl, by G. WINGROVE COOKE (1. v.) was
pub. in 1836. See Biog. Brit.; Burnet's Own Times; Athen.
Oxon.
ܪ
This would seem to prove that his lordship found many
readers of as shallow perceptions as his own.
His Inquiry
concerning Virtue is highly commended by Sir James
Mackintosh, who does not admire his ordinary style:
"Grace belongs only to natural movements; and Lord Shaftes
bury, notwithstanding the frequent beauty of his thoughts and
language, has rarely attained it.... Ile had great power of thought
and command over words. But he had no talent for inventing
character, and bestowing life on it. The Inquiry concerning Vir
tue is nearly exempt from the faulty peculiarities of the author;
the method is perfect, the reasoning just, the style precise aud
clear."-Prelim. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit.
Blair takes him to task for want of simplicity and ease:
"His lordship can express nothing with simplicity. He seems
to have considered it as vulgar, and beneath the dignity of a man
full of circumlocutions and artificial elegance. In every sentence
of quality to speak like other men. Hence he is ever in buskins;
we see the marks of labour and art; nothing of that ease which
expresses a sentiment coming natural and warm from the heart.
Of figures and ornament of every kind he is exceedingly fond.-
sometimes happy in them; but his fondness for them is too visible;
and having once laid hold of some metaphor or allusion that pleases
bim, he knows not how to part with it."-Lectures on Rhetoric and
Belles-Lettres.
His great admirer, Horace Walpole, cannot brook his
oratorical flourishes:
-
His writings are much more estimable for the virtues of his
mind than for their style and manner. He delivers his doctrine
423
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In ecstatic diction, like one of the Magi inculcating philosophic | Surgical Essays, 1843, r. Svo. Lectures on the Principles
visions to an Eastern auditory."-R. and N. Authors.
and Practice of Surgery, 1851, r. 8vo.
6.
Bishop Warburton is for a time uncommonly gracious,
though afterwards not so courteous:
"The noble author of the Characteristics had many excellent
qualities, both as a man and a writer. He was temperato, chaste,
He was temperato, chaste,
honest, and a lover of his country. In his writings he has shown
how much he has imbibed the deep sense, and how generally he
could copy the gracious manner, of Plato."-Ded. to The Free
Thinkers, prefixed to the Divine Legation.
Cooper, Anthony Ashley, fourth Earl of Shaftes
tury, only son of the preceding, wrote a life of his father
for the General Biog. Dictionary; see vol. ix. 179, 1739.
He seems to have been a much wiser man than his father,
for we are told that
"There never existed a man of more benevolence, moral worth,
and true piety."-BISHOP HUNTINGFORD.
We must say that we prefer his Characteristics to his
father's. Maurice Ashley Cooper, brother to the third Earl,
added to the literary honours of the family by a trans. of
Xenophon's Cyropedia.
"Sir Astley was principally distinguished as a bold operator, a
decided practitioner, and as a most industrious and popular teacher.
Perhaps no man ever taught any branch of medicine who possessed
more of this element of great success. His manners were of the
most engaging kind, while his attention, urbanity, and regard for
his pupils, were of the most exemplary character."-ROBERT DUN-
DAS THOMSON, M.D.
Although a bold operator, as Dr. Thomson remarks, Sir
Astley seems to have been a very graceful one. Mr. Petti-
grew tells us:
·
Cooper, Sir Astley Paston, Bart., 1768-1841, son
of the Rev. Dr. Cooper, Rector of Yelverton and Morley,
Norfolk, studied surgery under his uncle, William Cooper,
surgeon to Guy's Hospital, and the celebrated Mr. Cline.
The latter assigned him a share in his anatomical lectures,
and Mr. Cooper's class rapidly increased from 50 to 400
students, the largest class ever known in London. In 1792
he visited Paris, and attended the lectures of Desault at
the Hotel Dieu, and those of Chopart. Returning to Lon-ner,
don, he resided alternately in Jeffrey-Square, New Broad-
Street, and New-Street, Spring Gardens. His practice was
very large, and in 1822 he realized the largest sum ever re-
ceived by a medical practitioner-£22,000. For some years
his receipts averaged £18,000 to £20,000. He was made
a baronet at the coronation of George IV., in 1821. The
Anatomy and Surgical Treatment of Inguinal and Conge-
nital Hernia, Lon., 1804, fól. Crural and Umbilical Her-
nia, 1807, fol. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1800; to Med. Chir.
Trans., 1809, '11, '13. Surgical Essays, by Sir A. P. C.
and B. Travers. Part 1, 1818. Principles and Practice of
Surgery, ed. by F. Tyrrell, 1824, '25, 27, 3 vols. 8vo; ed.
by Dr. Alex. Lee, Lon., 1836-41, 3 vols. 8vo. The Anato-
my and Diseases of the Breast, 1840, 4to. The Testis and
the Thymus Gland; 2d ed., ed. by Bransby B. Cooper, 1841,
r. 4to. Dislocations and Fractures of the Joints; ed. by
B. B Cooper, 1842, 8vo. Amer. edit., with addit. observa-
tions by Prof. J. C. Warren, Phila., Svo. Sir Astley left
addits. in MS. for this new edition. Anatomy and Surgi-
cal Treatment of Hernia; new edit., Lon., 1844, imp. Svo.
The original edit. is entirely out of print. Life of Sir
Astley P. Cooper, Bart., interspersed with sketches of dis-
tinguished characters, by [his nephew] B. B. Cooper, 1843,
2 vols. 8vo.
"The light and elegant manner in which Sir. Astley employed
his various instruments always astonished me, and I could not
refrain from making some remarks upon it to my late master, Mr.
Chandler, one of the surgeons to St. Thomas's Hospital. I ob-
served to him that Sir Astley's operations appeared like the grace
ful efforts of an artist in making a drawing. Mr. C. replied, Sir,
it is of no consequence what instrument Mr. Cooper uses: they are
all alike to him; and I verily believe, he could operate as easily
with an oyster-knife, as the best bit of cutlery in Laundy's shop.'
6
On one occasion Sir Astley had a patient from the
West Indies named Hyatt, who was a rather eccentric
character, as the following anecdote testifies. After a
skilful operation by the surgeon, he desired to know the
amount of his debt.
"Two hundred guineas,' replied Astley. Pooh, pooh!' ex-
claimed the old gentleman, I shan't give you two hundred gui-
neas;-there-that is what I shall give you,' tossing off his night-
cap, and throwing it to Sir Astley. Thank you, sir,' said Sir A.,
'any thing from you is acceptable,' and he put the cap into his
pocket. Upon examination it was found to contain a cheque for
a thousand guineas."
For twenty-five years Mr. Bransby Cooper has been surgeon to
Guy's Hospital; and the volume before us may be said to consist
of an account of the results of his surgical experience during that
long period. We cordially recommend Mr. Bransby Cooper's Lec
tures as a most valuable addition to our surgical literature, and
one which cannot fail to be of service both to students and to those
who are actively engaged in the practice of their profession."-
Lon. Lancet.
We doubt not that the respected professors of the heal-
ing art would all be quite willing to prescribe "West In-
dia Night-Caps" to their patients.
Cooper, Bransby B., Sevior surgeon to Guy's Hos-
pital, &c., nephew to the preceding. Lectures on Anato-
iny, Lon., 1835, 4 vols. r. 8vo. Treatise on Ligaments,
4th ed., 1836, 4to. Lectures on Osteology, 1844, 8vo.
424
Mr. B. B. Cooper has also edited some of his uncle's
works, and favoured the public with an account of his life
Cooper, C. Grammatica Lingus Anglicana, Lon.
1685, Svo.
Cooper, C. Municipal Corporations in England and
Wales, Lon., 1835, 12mo.
Cooper, Rev. Charles D. See OXENDEN, Ashton
Cooper, Charles Purton, Doctor of Laws of the R.
Catholic University of Louvain, and one of her majesty's
counsel. Legal and Ecclesiastical Publications, 1828-51.
See Marvin's Legal Bibl., and Darling's Cyc. Brit.
Cooper, Chris. Heresy Unmasked, Lon., Svo.
Cooper, E. Poesy, 1761, 8vo. Elbow Chair, 1765, 8vo.
Cooper, Edward. Abridgt. of Anatomy, Lon., fol.
Cooper, Edward, d. 1833, Rector of Yoxhall, 1809.
Pract. and Famil. Serms., 7 vols. 12mo. V. Y., many edits.
Serms., 6th ed., 2 vols. 1819.
"Sound in his doctrine, judicious in his arrangement, simple
and unaffected in his language, animated yet correct in his man-
he generally pleases and edifies his reader."-Lon. Christian
Observer.
"Plain, sound, and useful."-BICKERSTETH.
The Crisis; Prophecy, and Signs of the Times, 1825, 8vo.
"A practical and edifying work, though serious doubts may be
entertained of the justness of the interpretation of the particular
prophecy."-BICKERSTEth.
Cooper, Elizabeth. The Muses' Library, or a Se-
ries of English Poetry from the Saxons to the Reign of
Charles II., 1737, '38, '41, but all the same edit. It is a
collection of much merit, and can be had for a few shillings.
Mrs. C. had the valuable assistance of Oldys.
Cooper, George. 1. Letters on the Irish Nation,
1800, Svo.
"Manners, national character, government, religion, principally;
with notices on agriculture, commerce, &c.”—Stevenson's Voyages
and Travels.
2. Treatise of Pleading on the Equity Side of the High
Court of Chancery, Lon., 1809, '13, 8vo. This work is
founded upon Mitford on Equity Pleading. 3. Reports of
Cases in H. C. of C. in Lord Eldon's time, Lon., 1815; N.
York, 1824, 8vo.
Cooper, George. 1. Designs for the Decoration of
Rooms, Lon., 1807, fol. 2. Architectural Reliques of Great
Britain; part 1st, 1807, 4to.
Cooper, George. Domestic Brewer, 1811, 12mo.
Cooper, Sir Grey. Duke and Duchess of Athol;
Proceedings in H. of C. rel. to the Isle of Man, 1769, 8vo.
Cooper, Henry Fox. Poem, 1805, 12mo.
Cooper, James. Vaccination Vindicated, 1811, 8vo.
Cooper, James. Serms., Lon., 1840, 12mo.
Cooper, James Fenimore, 1789-1851, a distin-
guished American author, was a son of Judge William
Cooper, a native of Pennsylvania, whose ancestors had
been settled in the United States since 1679. The subject
of our notice was born at Burlington, New Jersey, on the
15th of September. He entered Yale College in 1802, and
for the three years of his residence there applied himself
diligently to his studies. In 1805 he obtained a midship-
man's warrant in the U. S. Navy, and followed the life of
a sailor for six years. How apt a scholar he became in
this arduous school may be judged from the technical accu-
racy which distinguishes his marine sketches. In 1811
he resigned from the navy, and was married to Miss De
Lancey, a sister of the estimable Bishop De Lancey of
Western New York. Mr. Cooper's first volume was en-
titled Precaution, a novel of the English "fashionable
society" school, with few indications of the remarkable
powers of description and eloquence of narration which its
successors evinced. He next pub. The Spy, a tale of the
Neutral Ground, founded upon incidents connected with
the American Revolution. The theme was one too closely
connected with the sympathies of his countrymen to appeal
in vain to their attention. The critic of the leading pe-
riodical of the country, in a review not in all respects the
most flattering to the young author, compliments him
"For having demonstrated so entirely to our satisfaction, that
an admirable topic for the romantic historian has grown out of the
American Revolution. . . . He has the high praise, and will have,
of having opened a mine of exhaustless wealth-in a word, he has
we may add, the future glory, of having struck into a new path-
laid the foundations of American romance, and is really the first
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who has de. erved the appellation of a distinguished American
novel writer"-N. American Review, xv. 281.
The popularity of The Spy was not confined to Ame-
rica. It was soon republished in many parts of Europe,
and the reputation of the author was confirmed abroad as
well as at home by the appearance of The Pioneers and The
Pilot in 1823, and the Last of the Mohicans in 1826. Be-
tween the two last works was pub. a novel (Lionel Lincoln)
founded upon the early revolutionary troubles in America,
which never succeeded in gaining the popular favour.
About 1827 Mr. Cooper visited Europe, and whilst abroad,
gave to the world a succession of works of various grades
of merit, of which a critical examination will not be ex-
pected in the limited space to which we are confined.
The first of the works pub. in Europe was The Prairie,
one of the very best of his productions-which was suc-
ceeded by The Red Rover, The Wept of Wish-ton-Wish,
The Water-Witch, The Bravo, The Heidenmauer. and The
Headsman of Berne. He also pub. a vindication of the
He also pub. a vindication of the
land of his birth from many current misrepresentations:
doubtless the Notions of the Americans did much to cor-
rect error and abate prejudices among candid foreigners.
But if Mr. Cooper was ready to defend his country when
unjustly criticized, he was quite as willing to censure those
faults to which he perceived a growing proclivity among
some of her most prominent sons. We have no disposition
to dwell upon family quarrels, and if we enumerate The
Letter to his Countrymen, and The Monikins, a political
satire, among Mr. Cooper's works, it is with no desire to
revive controversy, but only to act the part of a faithful
chronicler. To the last-named work succeeded the Glean-
ings in Europe: the Sketches of Switzerland, and the
works on France, Italy, and England, the series compris-
ing 10 volumes, excited much attention both at home and
abroad. England, with Sketches of Society in the Metro-
polis, aroused in no small degree the ire of the London
Quarterly Reviewer, who declares, not in the most cour-
teous style imaginable, that
"So ill-written-ill-informed ill-bred-ill-tempered, and ill-
mannered a production it has never yet been our fortune to meet.
We must say in justice to every thing American that we have
happened to meet, either in literature or in society, that we never
met such a phenomenon of vanity, folly, and fable, as this book
exhibits-we say fable, because (whatever may be Mr. Cooper's in-
tentions) his ignorance and presumption betray him at every mo-
ment into misstatements so gross, and sometimes so elaborate, as
to have all the appearance and effect of absolute falsehood."
•
..
the author. To these succeeded The Pathfinder, Mercedes
Wing, or Le Feu Follet, Wyandotte, or the Hutted Knoll.
of Castile, The Deer-Slayer, The Two Admirals, Wing and
the Autobiography of a Pocket Handkerchief, Ned Myers,
series, including, 1. Satanstoe, 1845, 2. Chainbearer, 1845.
Ashore and Afloat, Miles Wallingford, The Little-page
3. The Red Skins, 1846. Among the last of his pub-
lications were the Islets of the Gulf, pub. in Graham's
Magazine, 1846, and the Ways of the Hour, pub. in 1850.
Cooper, in 34 vols., was, very opportunely, published in
A complete edition, carefully revised, of the works of Mr.
1855 by Messrs. Stringer & Townsend, of New York. An
interesting sketch of the literary history of the great Ame-
of the above facts, will be found in R. W. Griswold's Prose
rican novelist, to which we have been indebted for sou16
Writers of America. We have lying before us many critical
opinions from high literary authorities, upon the merits and
demerits of Mr. Cooper's productions. Our space, however,
restricts us to a few extracts. Indeed, works which have been
translated into so many languages, and are in continual
demand with each new generation of readers, are them-
selves the best evidence of their author's tact in the se-
lection, and ability in the treatment, of the subjects upon
from the merits of so excellent a writer, to wish that upor
which he employed his pen. It is but a slight deduction
all. But it ill becomes those who share in the glory which
some subjects he had written less, and upon others not at
the lustre of his name has shed upon the literary annals of
genius is but rarely free, and those occasional ebullitions
his country, to quarrel with those eccentricities from which
which are the more remarked on account of the prominent
position of the offender. Nothing is more easy than the
condemnation with which the indifferent spectator visits
the transformation which makes him liable to his own cen-
the heated controversialist, and nothing more common than
The proper inference to be drawn hence is, not that
Truth should remain silent, and permit transgression to
pass unrebuked, but rather that Charity should be ever at
her side as a remembrancer of human infirmity, and man's
many provocations and sore trials.
sure.
But we are occupying with our reflections the space
which should be allotted to those who have better claims
to be heard :
"The same sort of magical authority over the spirit of romance,
which belongs in common to Scott, Radcliffe. Walpole, and our
countryman. Brown, is, for us, at least, possessed by this writer in
an eminent degree. Places, for example, familiar to us from our
anti-boyhood, and which are now daily before our eyes, thronged with
the vulgar associations of real life, are boldly seized upon for scenes
of the wildest romance; and yet our imagination does not revolt
at the incongruity. . . . This seems to us no inconsiderable proof
of the power of the writer over us and his subject.”—N. A. Keview,
xxiii. 152.
...
Add
"C
The critic indignantly denies Mr. Cooper's assertion that
the Quarterly Review was the organ of a national
pathy to America." It is hardly worth while to linger
over such civilities, and we proceed to notice Mr. Cooper's
other productions.
The American Democrat, or Hints on the Social and
Civil Relations of the United States, appeared in 1835.
Three years later Mr. Cooper gave to the world a work of
a more elaborate character than its predecessors. This
was a History of the Navy of the United States, Phila.,
1839; 2d ed., Phila., 1840; 3d ed., Cooperstown, 1846;
reprinted in London, Paris, and Brussels. A new ed., with
a continuation, 1815-53, in a supplement of 100 pages
from Mr. Cooper's MSS. and other authorities, was pub.
in 1853.
"The work of an unsurpassed writer; it is so full of interest,
and so abounds in the most vivid illustrations of American pa-
triotism, enterprise, and courage, that it cannot be too widely circu-
lated.”—George Bancroft.
"Mr. Cooper appears to be fair, and unwarped by national preju-
dice in these records.”—Lom. Literary Gazette.
"We have perused this history with no little curiosity and with
great interest."-British Naval and Military Magazine.
These volumes are filled with the graphic records of daring
adventure, and contain, in their narration of mere facts, a treasure
to the lovers of sea-romance. The name of Somers is a household
word in America; and the desperate enterprise in which he and
his companions perished, is narrated in this work with an extra-
ordinary effect."-Lon. Athenæum.
"This is a very valuable addition to naval history. Mr. Cooper
has used a commendable diligence in searching out whatever ficts
the early history of America affords, illustrative of the origin and
growth of her national navy, and has dressed them out in a form
as attractive as possible."-N. Amer. Review.
Commendation, however, was not the only response with
which the labours of the author were greeted. The ac-
count of the Battle of Lake Erie was not suffered to escape
without an earnest protest from several critics; and Mr. C.
felt called upon to notice these strictures, in a volume pub.
in 1842, entitled The Battle of Lake Erie, or answers to
Messrs. Burgess, Duer, and Mackenzie. A fitting compa-
nion to his history is the author's Lives of American Naval |
Officers, in 2 vols. The novels of Homeward Bound and
Home as Found also excited no little animadversion-the
charge of misrepresentation being warmly urged against
The critic, however, charges the author with many grave
faults and signal failures in the delineation of character
and manners; and it is somewhat remarkable that some of
the most prominent critics among Mr. Cooper's own coun-
trymen seem from the first to have been utterly unable to
discover in our author those merits which have been so
lavishly ascribed to him by others. There are occasionally,
indeed, acords of commendation, but they are scarcely dis-
cernible amidst pages of broad and unsparing censure.
Whether just or otherwise in these abundant strictures, it
is not in our province to determine.
is not in our province to determine. Certain it is, that if
the author of The Spy and the Pilot could in his latter
years claim to have been among the most voluminous
writers of his day, the critics are not chargeable with the
birth of so numerous a literary progeny. In his earlier
days he received, indeed, many invitations to continue his
walks in the realm of Romance, but the awkwardly-affected
courtesy scarcely concealed the intentions of the lion which
would persuade the lamb to leave the fold for the benefit
of a summer day's excursion.
Abroad, the great American novelist has not escaped
censure we have already quoted something that can
hardly be called compliment from the Quarterly Reviewers;
but his distinguishing merits have been frankly acknow-
ledged. Victor Hugo goes much further than Cccper's
intelligent countrymen are willing to follow, when he
North."
places the author of The Spy above the "Wizard of the
judgment, that
A more discriminating English critic has recorded his
The power with which the scenes on the waste of waters are
depicted, and the living interest with which Cooper invests every
particle of a ship, as if it were all an intelligent being, cannot be
excelled, and has never been reached by any author with whom
language, for we may look in vain elsewhere for pictures so vivid ›
we are acquainted. For these qualities bis novels will live with the
| so faithful, and so intelligible.”
K
425
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The Edinburgh Review grants our author all that is'
claimed above, and only does him justice in enlarging the
sphere of his dominions:
"The empire of the sea has been conceded to him by acclama-
tion; and in the lonely desert or untrodden prairie, among the
savage Indians or scarcely less savage settlers, all equally acknow-
ledge his dominion.
'Within this circle none dare move but be.'”
Messrs. W. A. Townsend & Co., the successors of Stringer
& Townsend, will shortly issue a new ed. of Cooper's novels,
beautifully illustrated by Darley, in 32 monthly vols. cr. 8vo,
commencing March, 1859. We append a list, furnished by
the publishers, of the dates of the first editions of the novels
as separately published. The average sale of the novels by
Messrs. Stringer & Townsend, for the last fourteen years,-
1845-58,-has been fully 50,000 vols. per annum.
Precaution, 1821.
The Spy, 1821.
(6 Pioneers, 1823.
"Pilot, 1823.
Lionel Lincoln, 1825.
Last of the Mohicans, 1826.
Red Rover, 1827.
The Prairie, 1827.
Travelling Bachelor, 1828.
Wept of Wish-ton-Wish, 1829.
The Water-Witch, 1830.
<< Bravo, 1831.
C Heidenmauer, 1832,
"Headsman, 1833.
(( Monikins. 1835.
Homeward Bound, 1838.
Home as Found, 1838.
Oak Openings, 1848.
The Sea Lions, 1849.
The Ways of the Hour, 1850.
"The enduring monuments of Fenimore Cooper are his works.
While the love of country continues to prevail, bis memory will
exist in the hearts of the people.... So truly patriotic and Ame-
rican throughout, they should find a place in every American's
library."-DANIEL WEBSTER.
The Pathfinder, 1840.
Mercedes of Castile, 1840.
The Deerslayer, 1841.
66 Two Admirals, 1842.
Wing and Wing, 1842.
Ned Myers, 1843.
Wyandotte, 1843.
Afloat and Ashore, 1844.
Miles Wallingford, 1844.
The Chainbearer, 1845.
Satanstoe, 1845.
The Red Skins, 1846.
Crater, 1847.
66
Jack Tier, 1848.
"His writings are instinct with the spirit of nationality. In his
productions every American must take an honest pride. For
surely no one has succeeded like Cooper in the portraiture of Ame-
rican character, or has given such glowing and eminently truthful
pictures of American scenery."-WM. H. PRESCOTT.
(C
"He wrote for mankind at large; hence it is that he has earned
a fame wider than any author of modern times. The creations of
his genius shall survive through centuries to come, and only pe-
rish with our language."-WM. C. BRYANT.
"The glory which he justly won was reflected on his country,
and deserves the grateful recognition of all who survive him. His
surpassing ability has made his own name and the names of the
creations of his fancy household words' throughout the civilized
world."-GEORGE BANCROFT.
"The works of our great national novelist have adorned and
elevated our literature. There is nothing more purely American,
which the latest posterity will not willingly let die."-EDWARD
EVERETT.
เ
"C
Cooper emphatically belongs to the nation. He has left a space
in our literature which will not easily be supplied."-WASHINGTON
IRVING.
"His country and the world acknowledge and appreciate his
claims, and the productions of his genius will go down to posterity
among the noblest efforts of the age. He will ever live in the
history of human greatness."-LEWIS CASS.
"The philosophy of his mind is of a high order, and few can be
unsusceptible of this. The most ordinary reader must be con-
scious of a superiority and elevation of thought while he peruses
the writings of Fenimore Cooper. The gentleness of his own mind,
Its lofty appreciation of every thing that was good, its innate poetry,
breathed forth in his graphic descriptions of nature, in the love
with which he regards the forests, the broad prairies, and the sun-
lighted valleys.
"It is rarely so many qualities are combined in one writer. Ilis
name is endeared in his country, and his productions will hand it
down to posterity with undiminished lustre. Cooper's novels will
be standard works as long as fiction continues to excite an interest
in the admirers of literature."-Obituary Notice, Eclectic Review.
Cooper, John, Professor of Astrology. Primum Mo-
bile, with Theses to the Theory and Canons of Practice,
wherein is demonstrated from Astronomical and Philoso-
phical Principles, the nature and extent of Celestial In-
flux on Man, 1814, 8vo. New Trans. of Dedacus Placidus
de Titus's Primum Mobile, or Celestial Philosophy: Illus-
trated by upwards of 30 remarkable Nativities of the most
eminent men in Europe, 1815, 8vo.
Cooper, John Gilbert, 1723–1769, was educated a'
Trin. Coll., Cambridge, where he applied himself zealously
to classical literature. The Power of Harmony,1745:
"In which he endeavoured to recommend a perfect attention to
what is perfect and beautiful in nature, as the means of harmoniz-
ing the soul to a responsive regularity and sympathetic order.
This imitation of the language of Shaftesbury's school was not
affectation. He had studied the works of that nobleman with
enthusiasm, and seems entirely to have regulated bis conduct
by the maxims of the ancient and modern academies." See Chal-
mers's Biog. Dict.
The Life of Socrates, 1749, Svo. In this work Cooper
pub. some notes furnished by John Jackson, levelled
against Bishop Warburton. The bishop thus returns the
compliment in a note on an Essay on Criticism:
"As ignorance, when joined with humility, produces stupid ad-
miration, on which account it is so commonly observed to be the
mother of devotion, and blind homage; so when joined with
vanity (as it always is in bad critics) it gives birth to every iniquity
of impudent abuse and slander. See an example (for want of a
better) in a late worthless and now forgotten thing, called The Life
of Socrates; where the head of the author (as a man of wit ob-
served on reading the book) has just made the shift to do the office
of a camera obscuru, and represent things in an inverted order;
himself above, and Sprat, Rollin, Voltaire, and every other author
of importance, below."-Pope's Works, ed., 1751, i. 151.
This is in the favourite style of the amiable prelate, and
we need not be surprised that it somewhat excited the ire
of the author of The Life of Socrates. He followed up
the war by Remarks on Warburton's edition of Pope, in a
Letter to a Friend, 1751. In this work Mr. C. appeals to
the impartial reader, “Whether there is the least reflection
through the whole Life of Socrates, or the Notes, upon
W.'s morals, and whether he has not confined his criticism
to W.'s practice as an author?" and he declares the epithet
bestowed upon him to be a downright slander. Letters on
Taste, 1754.
"These Letters may still be perused with interest; they are
more remarkable, however, for splendour of style and imagery
than for strength of reasoning, and are occasionally tinged with
the hue of affectation.”—Dr. Drake.
The Tomb of Shakspeare, a Vision, 1755. The Genius
of Britain, 1756. Epistles to the Great from Aristippus,
1758. The Call of Aristippus, 1758. Trans. of Ver Vert,
1759. Poems on several subjects, 1764 :—Originally con.
to Dodsley's Museum, under the signature of Philaretes.
lite address, and accomplished manners."-DR. KIPPIS. See Biog.
"Mr. Cooper was a gentleman of an agreeble appearance, of po-
Brit.; Chalmers's Biog. Dict., and Johnson and Chalmers's English
Poets, and works cited above.
"With what amazing power has he painted nature! How all
his pages glow with creative fire! Who is there writing English
among our contemporaries, if not of him, of whom it can be said,
that he has a genius of the first order?”—Revue de Paris.
"Altogether he is the most original writer that America has
yet produced, and one of whom she may well be proud."-Lon.
Athenæum.
"We accord to Cooper an equal degree of talent and power with
that ascribed to Scott, and would place the originality of the Ame-
rican author at a higher point. There is certainly in Cooper more
power of concentration, a more epigrammatic style, and greater
terseness of expression. . . . No one can peruse the works of Cooper-Britannia.
without being convinced of the innate beauty of his own mind.
His ethical notions are of the highest order, his morality is as
pure as that of the men whose unaffected religion he is so fond of
pourtraying.
Cooper, Joseph, 1635-1699, a Nonconformist divine.
Eight Sermons on 1 Pet. v. 15, 1663, 8vo. Domus Mo-
saicæ Clavis, sive Legis Sepimentum, 1673, 12mo.
"This is a curious Latin work, written in defence of the Maso-
retic doctrines and punctuation; in which Elias Levita, Cappelus,
Walton. Morinus. Gordon, surnamed Huntly, are all attacked;
and the Buxtorfs, Owen, Glassius, and the rest of the same school,
are defended. Cooper was a pious and learned man; but on this
subject had more zeal than knowledge."-ORME: Bibl. Bib.
Cooper, Maria Susanna. Jane Shore to her
Friends; a Poetic Epistle, 1776, 4to. The Exemplary
Mother. The Wife, or Caroline Herbert, 1812, 2 vols.;
posth.
"An example of virtue which may be useful and interesting to
many of our fair readers: particularly such as are speculating on
matrimony."-Lon. Monthly Review, 1813.
Cooper, Mary Grace. Thamuta, The Spirit of
Denth; and other poems, Lon., 1839, 12mo.
"A pure pearl, deserving of notice; calculated to console and
ought to have a place sacred and apart' in every English home."
cheer the sick chamber, or rest amongst those Sabbath books which
:
Cooper, Myles, D.D., d. at Edinburgh, 1785, aged
about 50, was educated at the University of Oxford. He
emigrated to New York in 1762, and was (at the instance
of the Archbishop of Canterbury) appointed Prof. of Moral
he succeeded Dr. Johnson as president. In 1775 his Tory
Philosophy in King's College, New York city. In 1763
principles caused him to leave America. He was subse-
quently one of the ministers of the Episcopal
Edinburgh, in which city he died. Poems, 1758. Fast
chapel of
Sermon, 1776. Sermon on Civil Government, Oxf., 1777.
He wrote on the subject of an American Episcopate, and
also upon the politics of the country. To his pen is as-
cribed A Friendly Address to all Reasonable Americans
on our Political Confusions, and the Necessary Conse-
quences of Violently Opposing the King's Troops, &c., N.
York, 1774, 8vo. Dr. Cooper was much disliked by the
Whigs. Those who desire to become acquainted with the
history of the Tories, as they were styled in the Revolu-
tionary Contest of America, should consult Mr. Lorenzo
Sabine's American Loyalists, Boston, 1847, 8vo. A new
edit. is now (1858) in course of preparation. See SABINE,
Lorenzo.
426
COO
COO
Cooper, Oliver St. John. 400 Texts of Scripture hearing, it at the same time subjec.ed her compositions to
Explained, Lon., 1791, 8vo.
"A small, but useful, work.... It contains mullum in parco."
ORME: Bibl. Bib.
a trying ordeal. Having encountered with honour so se-
vere a test, there need be no hesitation in the future.
Cooper, Capt. T. H. Practical Guide for the Light
Infantry Officer, 1806, 8vo. Military Cabinet; a collec-
tion of extracts from the best authors, ancient and modern,
1809, 3 vols. 12mo.
B
Cooper, R. Bransby.
calyptica, Lon., 1833, 8vo.
tion of St. John, 1833, 8vo.
Trans. of Mede's Clavis Apo-
Commentary on the Revela-
"The first of these publications will be a very acceptable present
to the legal student of the Bible; as, in having Mede's views set
before him, he will certainly have those of the soundest writer on
prophecy unfulfilled. The second work is also valuable, as the
commentary is nearly founded upon Mede's views, and Mr. Cooper
points out where he has gone beyond them."-British Magazine,
June, 1833, 692.
Cooper, Richard. Countryman's Proposal to raise
£20,000 a day, Nott., 1711, 12mo.
Cooper, S. M. Life in the Forest; or the Trials and
Sufferings of a Pioneer, Phila., 1854, 16mo.
Cooper, Samuel. On a Storm at Norwich: Phil.
Trans., 1759.
|
Cooper, Samuel, D.D., 1725-1783, graduated at
Harvard College, 1743; associate minister of the Brattle
Street Church, Boston, 1746. He was one of the principal
promoters of the American Revolution. He pub. many
political papers in the journals of the day, and some ser-
mons, &c., 1751-60. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.
Cooper, Samuel, D.D., Rector of Morley and Yel-
verton, Norfolk. Sermons, 1776, '77, '90.
Cooper, Samuel, D.D., Minister of Great Yarmouth,
d. 1800. Definitions and Axioms relative to Charity, Cha-
ritable Institutions, and the Poor Laws, 1764, 8vo. Serms.,
1782, '86, '89, '90. Letters to Dr. Priestley, 1791, 8vo.
Cooper, Samuel, Surgeon, London. Reflections on
the Cataract, Lon., 1805, Svo. First Lines of the Practice
of Surgery, 1807, 8vo; 7th ed., 1840, 8vo. Dictionary of
Practical Surgery, 1809, '13, Svo; 7th ed., 1838, Svo. Dis-
eases of the Joints, 1807, Svo. This took the prize ad-
judged by the Royal College of Surgeons in 1806. Epi-
tome of Modern Surgery, 1812, 8vo. Dr. C. has also given
to the world a third ed. of Dr. Mason Good's Study of
Medicine, Lon., 5 vols. 8vo.
Cooper, Miss Susan Fenimore, daughter of the
distinguished American novelist, has already (1855) added
to the family laurels, and thereby proved that no Salique
Law exists in the Republic of Letters. Miss Cooper's first
publication was Rural Hours, by a Lady, New York, 1850,
8vo. This is a journal of the scenes of country life, com-
mencing with the spring of 1848, and concluding with the
spring of 1849.
"The scenery described so charmingly is that surrounding her
own fair home in Cooperstown : out of these simple materials Miss
Cooper has formed one of the most interesting volumes of the day,
displaying powers of mind of a high order.”—MRS. HALE: WO
man's Record.
"An admirable portraiture of American out-door life, just as it
is, with no colouring but that which every object necessarily re-
ceives in passing through a contemplative and cultivated mind.
.. Miss Cooper has an observant eye, and a happy faculty of
making her descriptions interesting by selecting the right objects,
instead of the too common method of extravagant embellishment.
She never gets into ecstasies, and sees nothing which anybody else
might not see who walked through the same fields after her."
PROFESSOR HART: Female Prose Writers of America, 1855.
"A very pleasant book-the result of the combined effort of good
sense and good feeling, an observant mind, and a real, honest,
unaffected appreciation of the countless minor beauties that Nature
exhibits to her assiduous lovers."-Albion.
It is no matter of surprise that so attractive a book has
reached the 4th. edition.
Miss Cooper has also edited Country Rambles, or Jour-
nal of a Naturalist in England, with Notes and Additions,
New York, 12mo.
"Thanks to Miss S. F. Cooper, whose own 'Rural Hours' show
how well she is fitted for the task she has undertaken.... Every
rural library should have this book. Ne kind of information gives
such certain returns of gratification as that we gain by the study
of works like this."-New York Erening Post.
Miss Cooper's last publication is entitled Rhyme and
Reason of Country Life; from Fields old and new: New
York, 1854, 8vo. This is a volume of "selections, con-
nected together by a mere thread of remarks."
W
• •
The large reading and fine taste of Miss Cooper are admirably
displayed in her choice as well as arrangement of the flowers which
go to make up her several bouquets. Precisely such a book as
cultivated persons like to snatch up for a spare hour, during the
long evenings of winter. in the country, or to carry out with them,
in the summer-time, to the shade of a favourite arbour or tree."-
Putnam's Magazine.
We believe that Miss C. has ready for the press The Shield,
a Narrative. She has commenced her literary career under
such brilliant auspices that we see not how she can be ex-
cused from the frequent use of a pen which she knows So
well how to guide. If the paternal name first secured her a
Cooper, or Couper, Thomas, 1517?-1594, edu-
cated at, and Fellow of, Magdalen College, Oxford ; Dean
of Gloucester, 1569; Bishop of Lincoln, 1570; translated
to Winchester, 1584. Bibliotheca Eliota, 1541, (Elyot's
Diet. of Latin and English was first pub. in 1538) the
second time, enriched, 1548-52, fol.; third, 1559-65, fol.
Epitome of Chronicles, by T. Languet and T. Cooper, 1549,
4to; augmented, 1565; continued, 1565, 4to. Thesaurus
Linguæ Romanæ et Britannicæ, 1565, '73, '78, '84, fol.
"The foundation was taken from Sir Thomas Eliot's dictionary,
and the materials. for the most part, from Rob. Stevens's Thesau-
rus, and John Frisius's Lat. and Germ. Dictionary."-Athen. Ozon,
Cooper does not pretend that the work is an original one.
It was a great favourite with Queen Elizabeth, and was
the cause of Cooper's preferments. It contains many quo-
tations of early English, and is undoubtedly a philologi-
cal curiosity. Brief Expositions of such chapters of the
Old Testament as usually are read in the Church at Com-
mon Prayer, on the Sundays throughout the year, 1573,
4to. Serm., 1575. 12 Serms., 1580, 4to. An Admoni-
tion to the People of England, 1589, 4to. This is an an-
swer to John ap Henry's books against the Church.of
England, pub. under the name of Martin Mar-Prelate.
Bishop Cooper's admonition elicited two "ludicrous pam-
phlets," entitled, Ha' ye any work for a Cooper? and More
work for a Cooper. An Answer in defence of the Truth
against the apology of private Mass, 1562, 12mo, anon.
There is some doubt as to the authorship of this treatise.
See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. It was in 1850 edited
for the Parker Society by the Rev. W. Goode, Camb., Svo.
Cooper was less happy in his domestic relations than his
merits deserved.
"A man of great gravity, learning, and holiness of life."—
GODWIN.
"A very learned man: eloquent, and well acquainted with the
English and Latin languages."-BALE.
"He was furnished with all kind of learning, almost beyond all
his contemporaries; and not only adorned the pulpit with his ser-
mons, but also the commonwealth of learning with his writings.”
-WOOD.
"Of him I can say much. and I should do him great wrong if
I said nothing: for he was indeed a reverend man, very well
learned, exceeding industrious; and, which was in these days
counted a great praise to him, and a chief cause of his preferment,
he wrote that great dictionary that yet bears his name."-SIR JOHN
HARRINGTON.

There was a story current that his wife, fearing lest he
should kill himself with study, burnt all the notes which
her husband had for eight years been industriously collect-
ing for the compilation of his dictionary. But his wife
gave palpable evidence that she cared very little either for
her husband's comfort or reputation.
Cooper, Thomas. Nona Novembris, &c., Oxf., 1607,
4to. Romish Spider, 1606, 4to. Worldling's Adventure,
1619, 4to. Other works.
Cooper, Thomas. Political treatises, &c.. 1794-1806.
Cooper, Thomas, M.D., LL.D., 1759-1840, a native
of London, educated at Oxford, emigrated to Pennsylvania,
and was appointed president-judge of a judicial district
by Governor McKean. He was subsequently Professor of
Chemistry, first in Dickinson College, Carlisle, 2dly in the
University of Pennsylvania, 3dly at Columbia College,
South Carolina.
South Carolina. He afterwards became President of the
last-named institution. The Bankrupt Law of America
compared with the Bankrupt Law of England, Phila.,
1801, Sro. An English Version of the Institutes of Justi-
nian, Phila., 1812, Svo; New York, 1841, Svo; 3d ed.,
Phila., 1852. He contrasts the Roman Jurisprudence with
that of the United States. Tracts on Medical Jurispru
dence, Phila., 1819, Svo. Opinion of Judge Cooper in the
case of Dempsey v. The Insurance Co. of Pennsylvania,
on the Effect of a sentence of a Foreign Court of Admi-
ralty; pub. by A. J. Dallas, Phila., 1810. Svo.
"I would recommend every American student to read this opr
nion of Judge Cooper's: not so much for the reasoning and ideas,
as for the analysis and systematic comprehension of the subject.
It is a model that deserves to be admired."-JUDGE BRACKENRIDGE:
Miscellanies, 525; Note.
"It is perhaps one of the ablest, most comprehensive, and per
spicuous arguments that has appeared on that difficult and highly
important question, the effect of a sentence of a foreign court of
Admiralty as evidence in domestic suits. Both in England and
this country, the question has been very frequently agitated, and
Legal Study, 472.
not less frequently, variously, and confusedly decided."-Hoffman's
427
COO
COP
Lectures of the Elements of Political Economy, Colum-
bia, 2d ed., 1829, Svo.
"This work, though not written in a very philosophical spirit,
is the best of the American works on political economy that we
have ever met with."-McCULLOCH: Lit. of Polit. Economy.
Dr. Cooper's infirmities obliged him to resign the presi-
dency of Columbia College, and he devoted his last years,
in conjunction with Mr. D. McCord, to a revision of the
statutes of South Carolina. These were pub. in 10 vols.
Svo, Columbia, 1836-41. Besides the works mentioned,
Dr. Cooper pub. the Emporium, of Arts, trans. from the
French, and many pamphlets on politics, physics, and
theology. Few men have led so active a life, and still
fewer hove exhibited so great a variety of talents.
Cooper, Thomas, the Chartist. The Baron's Yule
Feast: a Christmas Rhyme, Lon., 1846, 12mo. The Pur-
gatory of Suicides; a Prison Rhyme, 3d ed., 1853, 12mo.
Wise Saws and Modern Instances: a Series of Short Tales,
1845, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Two Orations against Taking away
Human Life, p. 8vo.
"Mr. Cooper's style is intensely clear and forcible, and displays
great earnestness and fine human sympathy; it is in the highest
degree manly, plain, and vigorous."-Lon. Morn. Advertiser.
Cooper, W. White. Invalid's Guide to Madeira,
Lon., 1840, 12mo. On Near Sight, Aged Sight, and Im-
paired Vision, 1846, p. 8vo.
"Truly practical, and consequently truly valuable, we recom-
mend this volume to all eyes.”—Lon. Literary Gazette.
Cooper, William, Bishop of Galloway. Dikaiologi;
containing a just defence of his former apology against
David Hume, Lon., 1614, 4to.
Cooper, William. Serm., Lon., 1649, 4to.
Cooper, William. Serms., Lon., 1663, '76, '77.
Cooper, William. Catalogue of Chymicall Books,
Lon., 1675, 12mo. Other publications.
Cooper, William, D.D., Archbishop of York. Serms.,
&c., 1763-79. Discourses, 1786, 2 vols. 8vo. Address, 1788.
Phil. Trans., 1784; of a remarkable meteor.
Cooper, William, d. 1743, aged 49, a minister of
Boston, Massachusetts, was in 1737 elected President of
Harvard College, but declined the trust. He pub. a number
of serms., 1714-41. The Doctrine of Predestination unto
Life explained and vindicated in 4 serms., 1741; and Lon.,
1765, 12mo.
Coortresse, Richard, Bishop of Chichester.
Berin. before the Queene's Majestie, Lon., 1573, 8vo.
Coote, Charles, LL.D., of Pembroke College, Oxford.
Graii Elegaia, &c., Lon., 1794, 4to. Hist. of England to
1783, 1791-98, 9 vols. 8vo. Cont. of the Peace of Amiens,
1803, Svo. English Grammar, and a hist. of the language,
1788, 8vo. Life of Cæsar, 1802, 8vo. Hist. of the Union,
1502, 8vo. Hist. of Modern Europe, 1810; continued to
1815, 1817, Svo. Mosheim's Eccl. Hist. by Maclaine,
brought down to the 18th century, 1811, 6 vols. 8vo. Hist.
of Ancient Europe, 1815, 3 vols. 8vo. This was intended
to accompany Dr. Wm. Russell's Hist. of Modern Europe,
Lon., 1779, 2 vols. 8vo.
Coote, Sir Charles, Earl of Montrath, Governor of
Dublin, d. 1661. Declarations, Dubl., 1659; Lon., 1660,
4to. His Victory, Lon., 1649, 4to. Transactions with 0.
R. O'Neal, Lon., 1649, 4to.
Coote, Chilly. Ireland's Lamentations, Lon., 1664.
Coote, Edward. English Schoolmaster, Lon., 1627.
Coote, H. J. The Homologies of the Human Skele-
ton, Lon., 1849, 8vo.
| pub. Lon., 1850, r. 8vo. An American eu (the third)
founded on the 3d Lon. ed., is now (1858) in the press of
the enterprising and well-known publishers, T. and J. W.
Johnson, of Philadelphia. It is edited by Judge Sharswood,
any comments useless. The Practice of the Ecclesiastical
whose name is sufficiently known to the profession to render
Courts, with Forms and Tables of Costs, Lon., 1846, 8vo.
"Ecclesiastical Practice is now for the first time made the subject
of a formal and elaborate treatise, and it has remained for Mr. Coote,
by a combination of industry and experience, to give to the pro-
fession a work which has long been wanted, but which so few are
competent to supply."-Lon. Law Times.
Coote, Richard, Earl of Bellamont. Articles of
agreement between him, R. Livingston, and Capt. W. M.
Kidd, fol.
Coote, J. Memoir of Princess Charlotte, etc., 1818,8vo.
Coote, R. H. An Analysis, arranged to serve also
as a compendious digested Index to Mr. Fearne's Essay on
Contingent Remainders and Executory Devises, and of
Mr. Butler's Notes, Lon., 1814, 8vo.
"Every topic to be found in the text and notes is concisely
abridged by Mr. Coote, and the whole is alphabetically arranged.
This small volume should ever be in view whilst the student is
engaged with the great original.”—Hoffman's Legol Study, 241.
Treatise on the Law of Landlord and Tenant, Lon., 1840,
8vo. Treatise on the Law of Mortgage, with an Appendix
of Precedents, Lon., 1822. 8vo. The 3d ed. of this valuable
work, by the original author and Richard Coote, Esq., was
Coote,Hon.Robt. Compleat Marksman; Poem, 1755.
Cope. Hist. of the East Indies, Lon., 1754, 8vo.
Historia Evangelicæ veritas, Lon., 1572; Doway, 1603, 4to.
Cope, Alan, an English R. Catholic, d. about 1580.
"This is a kind of Harmony of the Gospels, or rather a digest
of the Life of Christ, in the words of the Evangelists. . . . Crow
speaks of Cope as 'eximii ingenii vir."—ORME: Bibl. Bib.
Cope also pub. Dialogi sex contra Summi Pontificatus
Monasticæ Vitæ, &c., Antw., 1566, 4to. This work was
written by Nic. Harpesfield.
"Which book being put into the hands of his friend Alan Cope,
he put it out under his name, lest danger should befall the author
in person.”—Athen, Oxon.
"A candid and practical view of this doctrine."-BICKERSTETH.
Cooper, William, D.D., Archdeacon of York. Dis-
courses, Lon., 1795, 2 vols. 8vo.
Cooper, William, M.D. Med. Obs. and Ing., 1770.
Phil. Trans., 1775.
Coore, Richard, D.D., d. 1687. Practical Exposi-
tion of the more difficult Texts that are contained in the
Holy Bible, Lon., 1683, 8vo.
"The dreams in Daniel and the visions of all the Prophets, and
the two mystical books of the Canticles and the Revelation are all
clearly opened.”—Author's Pref.
A
Copeman, E. Cases of Apoplexy, Lon., 1845, 8vo.
Copinger, Maurice. Excise Laws, 1799, 4to.
Copland, Alexander, Advocate. Mortal Life, and
the State of the Soul after Death, &c.; 2d ed., Lon.,1834,8vo.
"This work gives us all that can be known of the subject which it
treats, and a great deal which can only be conjectured."—LOWNDES.
Copland, James, M.D. Pestilential Cholera, Lon.,
12mo. Palsy and Apoplexy, 1850, p. 8vo. Dictionary of
Practical Medicine, Library of Pathology, and Digest of
Medical Literature, 1833-58, 3 vols. 8vo. This invaluable
work should be in the possession of every medical man,
and in every public library. From the many commenda-
tions before us, we have room but for a few lines from two
or three eminent authorities:
Cope, Sir Anthony. Historie of Anniball and Sci-
pio, Lon., 1544, 4to. Godly Meditacion vpon XX. Psalmes
of Dawid, 1547, 4to; a new ed. with Biog. Pref. and Notes,
by G. W. H. Cope, 1848, 8vo.
"He went into France, Germany, Italy, and elsewhere; in which
places visiting the universities. and joining his company to the
most learned men of them, became an accomplished gentleman,
wrote several things beyond the seas, as well as at home.”—Athen.
Oxon.
Cope, Henry. Demonstratio Medico-Practica Prog-
nosticum Hippocratis, Dubl., 1736, 8vo.
Cope, Henry. Scrutiny after Religion, 1620, 8vo.
Cope, John. An ancient date at Widgel-Hall; Phil.
Trans., 1735.
Cope, Sir John. Report on his conduct, 1749, 4to.
Cope, Michael. Exposition on Proverbs, in French,
Genève, 1557; trans. into English by Marcelline Outrerd,
1580, 4to.
"Many deep and striking thoughts.”—BICkersteth.
Exp. sur le Livre de l'Ecclesiaste, Genev., 1563, 8vo.
"I find Michael Cope to have been a zealous Calvinist at Geneva
and other places, a frequent preacher in the French tongue, and
author in the French language."-Athen. Oxon.
Copeland, John. Arithmetic, Lon., 1713, 12mo.
Copeland, Thomas. Medical treatises, Lon., 1810,
'12, '18.
"We feel it a great duty to record our opinion that. as there is
no medical practitioner in this country, old or young, high or low,
who will not derive great pleasure and great profit by consulting
Dr. Copland's Dictionary, so we think there is no one who should
not add the work to his library."-Brit. and For. Med. Review.
"The labour is immense, and will stamp the author as a man of
great research, unusual industry, and sound judgment.”—Lon.
Medico-Chir. Review.
"It is the production of a physician profoundly acquainted with
the medical literature of all countries.and one practically acquainted
with the immense class of diseases usually consigned to that order
of the profession to which he belongs."-Lon. Medical and Surgical
Journal.
Thanksgiving Serm., with some Epistles by Peter Pope, an
Copland, Patrick. Virginia's God be thanked; a
Indian Youth, Lon., 1622, 4to.
Copland, Peter. Con. to Med. Com. Facts and Me-
moirs, Lon., 1791, '93, '99, and 1805.
Copland, Robert, a printer, &c., d. about 1548? Hye
Way to the Spyttel House, Lon., 4to; reprinted in Utter-
son's Pieces of early Popular Poetry, vol. ii. Iyl of Braunt-
ford's Testament, newly compiled, 4to. Copland was author
of some other pieces, and trans. from the French. See
Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Warton's Eng. Poet.; Athen. Oxon.;
Ritson's Bibl. Poet.
423
COP
: COR
Copland, Robert. The Questionary of Chyrurgions;
with the Formulery of littl Guido in Chyrurgirie, with
the Spectacles of Chyrurgiens newly added, and the fourth
book of the Terapeutycke, or Method Curative of Claud.
Galyen, Prince of Physicians, with a singular Treatise of
the cure of Ulcers, Lon., 1541, 4to.
Copland, Samuel, D.D. Christian Character, 1785.
Copland, Samuel. Hist. of Madagascar, Lon., 1821,
8vo.
|
Copleston, Edward, D.D., 1776-1849, a native of
Offwell, Devon, elected scholar at Corpus Christi College,
Oxford, 1791; chosen Fellow of Oriel College, 1795; Col-
lege tutor, 1797; Prof. of Poetry, 1802; Proctor, 1807;
Frovost of Oriel, 1814; Dean of Chester, 1826; Bishop of
I landaff and Dean of St. Paul's, 1827. Letter to John
Coker, 1810. Enquiry into the doctrines of Necessity and
Predestination; 4 discourses, Lon., 1821, 8vo. See Review
in Quart. Rev., xxvi. 82. See a list of Bishop C.'s other
serms., speeches, &c. in Darling's Cyc. Bibl. The follow-
ing work conferred great reputation upon the author: Præ-
lectiones Academicæ Oxonii habitæ, 1813, 8vo, and 1828,
8vo, Oxonii.
"The elegant and masterly Prælectiones of Mr. Copleston, de-
livered by him as Professor of Poetry at Oxford, are, we presume,
already in the hands of our readers.”—Museum Criticum.
Copleston, John. Serm., Lon., 1661, 4to.
Copley, Anthony. A Fig for Fortune. Recta securas,
Lon., 1596, 4to. Trans. of the prose portion of Wits,
Fittes, and Fancies, 1595, 4to. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man.,
See Lowndes's Bibl. Man.,
iv. 1966.
Copley, Esther, late Mrs. Hewlett, one of the most
useful writers of the present century. We notice a few of
her many excellent works. Scripture Hist. for Youth, Lon.,
1829, 2 vols. 16mo.
"The plan and execution of this work are both highly creditable
to the piety, talents, research, and taste of the esteemed author."
-Lo. Evangelical Mag.
Scripture Nat. Hist. for Youth, 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. Scrip-
ture Biography, 1835, Svo. Early Friendships, 1840, 18mo.
"It is attractively written, and full of interest."-Com. Adr.
Little Harry and his Uncle Benjamin, 1841, 16mo. Hist.
of Slavery and its Abolition; 2d ed., 1839, Svo.
"The best compendium with which we are acquainted.”—Lon.
Christian Guardian.
Copley, J. S. Borough of Horsham, 1808, Svo.
Copley, John. Observ. on Religion, Lon., 1611, 4to.
Copley, Josiah. Thoughts of Favoured Hours,
Phila., 1858, 18mo.
Coppe, Abiezer. Flying Roll, &c., Lon., 1646, '49, '51.
Coppée, Henry, b. in Savannah, Georgia, Oct. 15,
1821; grad. at West Point in 1845, and served through
the Mexican War as a lieutenant of artillery; at its close,
breveted a captain and sent as an instructor to the Military
Academy; remained on that duty until 1855; was then
appointed Prof. English Literature and History in the
University of Penna., in the place of Prof. Henry Reed.
Elements of Logic, Phila., 1857. Elements of Rhetoric,
1858. Edited Gallery of Famous English and American
Pocts, with an Introductory Essay, Phila., 1858, Svo. Con-
trib. articles in prose and verse to various periodicals, &c.
Coppin, Richard. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1649,
'53, '54, '55.
Copping, John, Dean of Clogher. Sermon, Lon.,
1740, 4to.
Copping, Thomas. Fast Serm., 1702, 4to.
Coppinger, Mat. Poems, Songs, and Love-Verses,
Lon., 1682, 12mo. Reed sale, 6666, £6 68.
Coppinger, Sir Nath. A Speech for the bringing
in of the Archbishop of Canterbury to his Long-Expected
Trial, Lon., 1641, 4to.
Copway, George, (Kahgegwagebow,) Indian
of the Ojibway nation, b. August, 1820, in Michigan; for
muny years connected with the press of New York City;
has lectured extensively throughout Europe and America.
1. Recollections of a Forest Life, 1847. 2. Traditional
History of the Ojibway Nation, 1850. 3. Ojibway Con-
quest; a Poem, [curious,] 1850. 4. Running Sketches of
Men and Places in Europe, 1851. 5. Copway's American
Indian.
Corbet, Edward. Serm., Lon., 1642, 4to.
Corbet, Jeffray. Protestant's Warning Pieces, 1656.
Corbet, John, of Bonyl, Scotland. Ungirdling of
the Scottish Armour, Dubl., 1639, 4to.
Corbet, John, 1620-1680, educated at Magdalen Hall,
Oxford, obtained the living of Bramshot, Hampshire;
ejected for Nonconformity, 1662. Hist. Relation of the
Milt. Government of Gloucester, Lon., 1645, 4to. Vindi-
nation of the Magistrates and Ministers of Gloucester, 1646,
4to. Self-Employment in Secret, 1681, 12mo. Remains,
1684, 4to. Other works. See Athen. Oxon.
Corbet,John, beheaded in the Irish Rebellion. Epistle
Congratulatorie to the Covenanters in Scotland, 1640, 4to.
Corbet,John. English Grammar, Shrew., 1784, 12mo.
Corbet, Miles. Speech in H. of Commons, 1647, fol.
Corbet, Richard, D.D.,1582-1635, educated at Broad-
gate's Hall and Christ Church, Oxford, Dean of Christ
Church, 1627; Bishop of Oxford, 1629: translated to Nor-
wich, 1632. Journey to France; a Poem, Oratio-Oxon.,
1613,4to. Certain elegant Poems, Lon., 1647,12mo. Poetical
Stromata, or Pieces in Poetry, 1648, '72, Svo. Fourth ed.
of his Poems, with addits. and Life by Octavius Gilebrist,
1809, 12mo.
1809, 12mo. Of Corbet's Poems the Journey into France,
an amusing sketch, is
“Remarkable for giving some traits of the French character that
are visible in the present day."
The Farewell to the Fairies also possesses much humour.
See Aubrey's Letters; Life by Gilchrist; Athen. Oxon.
Corbet, Roger. Letter from Court, Lon., 1647, 4to.
Corbet, Thomas. Gospel Incense, 1653, 12mo.
Corbett, Misses. The New Happy Week; or, Holi-
days at Beechwood, Lon.
"The conversations are natural, animated, and sparkling with
good humour and agreeable pleasantry."-Edin. Eren. Post.
The Happy Week; or, Holidays at Beechwood, 3d ed.
"The Happy Week will be read with avidity by those of our
young friends who may be so fortunate as to obtain possession of
it. The Large Nose' is capital. The contents of the book are agree-
ably varied."-Christion Advocate.
Lessons for the Heart, selected from the best Examples
for the Improvement of Young Persons.
"We have been delighted with this volume, and consider it a
very valuable addition to the list of books designed for the in-
struction of the young. A safer, or more useful, or more entertain-
ing little work could scarcely be put into their hands.”—Christian
Instructor.
Elucidations of Interesting Passages in the Sacred Vo-
lume, drawn from the Works of the most celebrated Com
mentators and Travellers. First and Second Series.
..
We assure parents. guardians. and teachers, that they cannot
do a better service to the education of the young, than put into
the hands of those under their charge these deserving volumes."
-Scottish Guardian.
The Cabinet for Youth, containing Narratives, Sketches,
and Anecdotes, for the Instruction and Amusement of the
Young, 3d edition.
<=
The book is a good one, and will be a popular one, or we err
greatly in our estimate of what young folks like to read, and what
their guardians think it advisable to purchase for them."-Edin
burgh Observer.
Corbett, M. de. Oriental Key to the Sacred Scrip-
tures, as they are illustrated by the Rites, &c. of Eastern
Nations, Lon., 1837, 18mo.
Corbett, Thomas. An Inquiry relative to the
Wealth of Individuals, Lon., 1841, 12mo.
"It deserves the attentive perusal of the commercial world."—
Lon. New Monthly Mag.
Lon., 1816, Svo.
Corbett, Uvedale. Inquiry into the Election Laws,
Lon., 1816, Svo. U. C. and E. R. Daniell: Reports of
Controversial Elections, 1821, 8vo.
Corbould, Edward. Aristomenes: a Grecian Tale,
with Illustrations, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo.
6.
In these two handsome volumes we find considerable power
of writing.”—Lon. Literary Gazette.
"The whole effusion bears the very spirit of classical antiquity."
-Lon. Monthly Advertiser.
Corbyn, Benjamin. Sermon.
Corbyn, Samuel. To the Unconverted, 1677, 8vo.
Corbyn, Samuel. Sermon, Lon., 1765, Svo.
Corder, Susannah. Life of Elizabeth Fry. This
work has been highly commended.
Corderoy, Jeremy. Theol. treat., Lon., 1604, '09, Svo.
Cordiner, Charles. Antiquities and Scenery of the
North of Scotland, Lon., 1780, 4to.
"An intelligent and very amusing work, designed as a supple
ment to Pennant's Scottish Tour."-LOWNDES.
Remarkable Ruins and Romantic Prospects of North
Britain, with Ancient Monuments and Singular Subjects
of Natural History, Lon., 178S-95, 2 vols. 4to.
Cordiner, James. Description of Ceylon, Lon.,
1807, 2 vols. 4to.
"Mr. Cordiner made the tour of the whole sea-coast of the island,
a journey of nearly 800 miles. He states many valuable facts: his
two volumes contain a great deal of curious matter."—Lon. Quart.
Review.
Cordwell, J. New System of Physic, 1668-70, 8vo.
Core, Francis. Treatise on Witches, Lon., 1564, 8vo.
Corfe, Joseph. Treatise on Singing, Lon., 1791, fol.
Coriat, Jun. See CORYATE.
Coriat, Thomas. See CORYATE.
Corker, Edward. His Case, fol.
420
COR
COR
Corker, James, is supposed to have written the
treatise entitled, Roman Catholic Principles in reference
to God and the king, 1680, which was referred to by Lord
Stafford on his trial in vindication of his faith. A new
edit. was pub. by Rev. John Kirk, 1815, 8vo.
"It is a clear and accurate exposition of the Roman Catholic
Creed. on some of its most important principles, and has all the
authority that such a document can receive from time and uni-
versal assent."-CHARLES BUTLER.
"In perusing the Principles, Dr. Leland, the historian, is said
to have declared, that. if such were the principles of Roman Catho-
lics, no government had any right to quarrel with them." See
Charles Butler's Memoirs respect, the English, Irish, and Scottish
Catholics, 1819: ii. 40, 345–353.
Corker, Samuel. Funl. Serm., Dubl., 1695, 4to.
Cormack, John. Lives of Philosophers; trans. from
Fenelon, Lon., 1803, 2 vols. 12mo. Female Infanticide in
Guezerat, 1815, Svo. Sermon, Edin., 1810.
Cormick, C. M. Hist. of England, from the Death
of George II. to the Peace of 1783, Lon., 3 vols. 12mo.
Cormouls, Thomas. Eversion; or the Refutation
of the present Principles of Mundane Philosophy, Wol-
verh., 1804, 8vo.
Corncob, Jonathan, Loyal American Refugee, The
Adventures of, Lon., 1787, 12mo.
<
"The prototype of the Halls and Trollopes, who, as the Monthly
Review says, thought that his ridicule of the Jonathans would
render his work the more acceptable in England."-RICH: Bib.
Amer. Nova.
Cornelius, Lucius. De Monarchia Jesuitarum,
Lon., 1648, '65, '80, Svo.
Corner, Julia, may be styled, without compliment,
one of the most useful writers of the age. Of her many
valuable works, we notice: Questions on the Hist. of Eu-
rope; a Sequel to Miss Mangnall's Hist. Questions; new
ed., Lon., 1847, 12mo.
"Miss Corner is a worthy successor to Miss Mangnall. An im-
mense quantity of matter is condensed in these pages."-Lon. Lit.
Gazette.
Children's Sunday Books, 1850-52. Hist. of China and
India. The Historical Library, 1840-48, 14 vols. 12mo.
"We know of no works better suited for youth, or the careful
perusal of which is likely to be attended with more lasting impres-
sions, than Miss Corner's Ilist. Library."-Lon. Conservative Jour.
"Miss Corner writes intelligibly and fluently, with much easy
and winning grace.”—Lon. Mag. of Arts and Sciences.
Cornelius, Peter. A Way to make the Poor, in these
and other Nations, happy, Lon., 1659, 4to. Surely so phi-York, 12mo.
lanthropic a proposal demands a respectful consideration!
Cornell, Ebenezer. Sermon, Lon., 1756, Svo.
Cornell, S. S., Corresponding Member of the Ame-
rican Geographical and Statistical Society. Author of a
series of popular School Geographics.
Cornell, Rev. Wm. Mason, M.D., b. 1802, Massa-
chusetts, grad. at Brown Univ., 1827. Grammar of the
English Language. Consumption Prevented, Sth edition.
Consumption Forestalled and prevented. Sabbath made
for Man. Treatise on Epilepsy. Contributed largely to
the various medical and educational journals.
We have perhaps 20 or 30 such commendations before us.
Corney, Bolton. New Curiosities of Literature, in
Illustration of D'Isracli, Lon., 1838, p. 8vo; and a 2d ed.
"Ce livre est une vive critique des Curiosités de la Littérature,
recueil d'anecdotes et de remarques bibliographiques fort repandu
en Angleterre. . . . M. Bolton Corney a déjà publié un écrit fort
judicieux sur la Tapisserie de Bayeux."-Journal des Savants.
"These illustrations are by far the best specimens of historical
and bibliographical criticism that we have seen anywhere this
many a day."-Lon. Metropolitan Magazine.
"A masterly volume."-London Examiner.
See a communication from Mr. Corney, and a letter from
the Rev. Alexander Crombie, respecting the above-named
work, in the Gent. Mag., Oct. 1841, 355.
Thomson's Seasons, edit. by Bolton Corney, 1842, sq. Svo.
"Mr. Bolton Coruey's labours are not the less to be commended
because they are unobtrusive: the work is extremely well edited."
-Iamdon Athenæum.
The Poetical Works of Oliver Goldsmith; edited by
Bolton Corney, 1845, Svo. A valuable edit.
"The whole of the poems have been collated with the several
editions; the Deserted Village boasts an improved text; and the
oratorio of the Captivity is printed complete from the MS. in Mr.
Murray's possession. A new memoir of the poet has the merits.
of fulness and accuracy in respect of facts, and conciseness in point
of style."-London Spectator.
Mr. Corney is well known as a contributor to Notes and
Queries and other journals. He is one of the few learned
archæologists still left (1858) of the school of Nichols and
Gough, Baker and Cole.
Cornish, Joseph. Theolog. treatises, &c., 1780, '89,
'90. Importance of Classical Learning, 1783, Svo.
Cornish, T. H. Juryman's Legal Hand Book and
Manual of Common Law, 2d ed., Lon., 1843, Sro.
Cornings, Benj. N., b. 1817, at Cornish, N. Hamp-
shire. Principles of Physiology, 1851. Class Book of
Physiology, 1853. Preservation of Health and Prevention
of Disease, 1854.
"This little volume contains much curious as well as useful
matter, collected from various sources, adapted principally to the
use of the general reader."-25 Legal Observer, 500.
Cornish, William Floyer. Essay on Uses, Lon.,
1825, Svo. Essay on the Law of Remainders, 1827, 8vo.
"It involves critical discussions upon the most abstruse, subtle,
and artificial distinctions in the law, and the author is a shrewd
and dry critic, dealing in occult points." Kent's Com., 198, 245,
260.
"His now classification may be maintained without materially
impairing the usefulness of Mr. Fearne's treatise.”—Hoffman's Le-
gal Study, 258.
Treatise on Purchase Deeds, 1828, 8vo.
"A very creditable production, better suited, however, for Eng-
lish conveyances than for this country. . . . Every thing from the
pen of Mr. Cornish is learned and able."-Hoffman's Legal Study;
7. v. for an account of this learned author, who died at an early age.
Cornthwaite,Robert. The Sabbath, Lon., 1740,Svo.
Cornwall, Barry. See PROCTER, BRYAN WALTER.
Cornwall, Frederic. Assize Serm., Lon., 1710, Svo.
Cornwall, Capt. Henry. Observations upon several
Voyages to India, Lon., 1720, fol. Magnetic Needle;
Phil. Trans., 1722.
Cornwall, James. Tables of Pleadings, Writs, &c.,
Lon., 1705, fol. This sometimes accompanies G. Town-
send's Tables, 1667.
Cornwall, John, D.D. Serm.. Camb., 1701, 4to.
Cornwall, N. E. Music as it Was and as it Is, New
Cornwalleys, Henry. Serms., &c. Lon., 1693-1706.
Cornwallis, Sir Charles, d. about 1630. The Life
and Death of Henry, Prince of Wales, Lon., 1641, Svo
and 4to; 1644, 1738, '51; with an Appendix, 17SS, Svo.
Granger commends this work for elegance of style, but
Birch condemns it as extremely superficial.
Cornwallis, Charles, Marquis, 1738-1805, served
against the Americans in their revolutionary struggle, and
afterwards distinguished himself in Ireland and the East
Indies. In 1762 he succeeded his father in the Earldom
of Cornwallis. He accepted the government of British
India in 1790, and again in 1805. He died in the latter
year at Ghazepore, in the province of Benares. An Answer
to that part of the Narrative of Lieut.-Gen. Henry Clinton,
K. B., which relates to the Conduct of Earl C. during the
Campaign in North America, in the year 1781, 'S2, Svo.
Cornwallis, Frederick, Archbishop of Canterbury,
d. 1783, son of Lord Cornwallis, was consecrated Bishop
of Lichfield and Coventry, 1749; translated to Canterbury,
1768. Serms.. 1751, '52, '56, '62.
Cornwallis, James, Dean of Canterbury, 1775, con-
secrated Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, 1781. Serms.,
1777, 'S2, 1811.
Cornwallis, Mrs. Mary. Observations on the Ca-
nonical Scriptures, Lon., 1817, '20, and last ed., 1831, 4
vols. 8vo.
“A judicious and pleasing companion in the perusal of the Holy
Scriptures."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
Cornwallis, Sir William, son of Sir Charles. Es-
says, Lon., 1600, 8vo; newly corrected, 1632, 8vo. Dis-
courses upon Seneca, 1601, 16mo. Union of England and
Scotland, 1604, 4to. Essays on Encomium of Sadness
and of Julian the Apostate, 1616, '26, 4to. Praise of King
Richard, 1617: in the Somers Collection of Tracts, vol. iii.
Cornwell, B. M. L. The Domestic Physician, 1785,
Cornwell, Francis. Theolog. treatises, 1644, '45, '46.
Cornwell, James, has pub. many useful educational
works-on Graminar, Geography, Composition, &c.-some
of them in conjunction with the late Dr. Alexander Allen.
Their works have been highly commended as
"Written by those who are profoundly acquainted with the
sources of our language.”—Church of England Quarterly.
Corp, Harriet. An Antidote to the Miseries of Ilu-
man Life, or the Widow Placid and her daughter Rachel,
1814, 2 vols. fc. Svo.
Corp, William, M.D. Jaundice, 1785. Essay, 1792.
Corri, D. Singer's Preceptor, 1811, 2 vols. Svo.
Corrie, Archibald, 1777-1857, a distinguished agri-
cultural writer.
Corrie, D., LL.D., first Bishop of Madras. Memoirs
of; compiled chiefly from his own Letters and Journals,
by his Brothers, Lon., 1846, Svo.
Corrie, Edgar. Treat. on Polit. Econ., 1791, '96, 1808.
Corrie, George Elwes, Norrisian Prof. of Divinity,
Cambridge. Burnet's Hist. of the Reformation abridged,
Lon., 1847, 8vo.
430
COR
COS
"In this Edition, the supplemental Matter added by the Bishop,
and which has hitherto existed in a Separate Form, has been in-
corporated into the IIistory; admitted Error has been corrected,
and some changes and additions made."
Corrie, James, M.D. Vitality of the Blood, Lon.,
1791, 8vo.
Corrie, John. Apology for the diversity of religious
sentiments, 1802, 8vo. Reflections on Private Judgment
in Religion; a serm., 1804, 8vo.
Corrigan, Andrew. Theory and Practice of Modern
Agriculture; to which is added, the breeding and manage-
ment of sheep, cattle, pigs, and poultry, with some remarks
on dairy-husbandry, 1853.
"This small work is truly a mullum in parvo, showing a very
correct knowledge of the articles described."-Donaldson's Agricult.
Biog.
Corry, John. Life of Washington, Lon., 1800, 12mo;
of A. Berkeley, 1808, 12mo; of Cowper, 1803, 12mo; of
J. Priestley, 1805, 8vo. Tales, 1802, 12mo. View of Lon-
don, 1799, 12mo. Address, 1803, 12mo. Novels, 1803, &c.
The Detector of Quackery, or Analysis of Medical, Philo-
sophical, Political, Dramatic, and Literary Imposture,
1801, Svo.
Corry, John. Hist. of Bristol, by J. C. and John
Evans, Bristol, 1816, 2 vols. r. 8vo.
"In little estimation."—LOWNDES.
Corry, Joseph. Windward Coast of Africa, 1807, 4to.
Corse, John. Nat. History: see Phil. Trans., 1799,
1800.
Corser, William. Fast Serm., Lon., 1793, 4to.
Corwine, Richard M. Digest of Cases in H. C. of
E. and A., &c. of Mississippi, Cincinnati, 1845, Svo.
"The material of this volume seems to have been carefully col-
lected, and is very well arranged."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Cory, E. A. Diseases of Children, Lon., 12mo.
Cory, Isaac Preston. Ancient Fragments of vari-
ous writers, 2d ed., Lon., 1832, Svo. Ancient and M. Phi-
losophy, 12mo. Inquiries, 12mo; ditto, 12mo. Accounts,
8vo. Official Accounts, Svo.
Cory, Thomas. Course and P. of C. C. Pleas, 1672,4to.
Coryate, or Coryat, George, d. 1606, educated at,
and Fellow of, New College, Oxford; Rector of Odcombe,
1570; Prebendary of York, 1594. Poemata varia Latina,
1611, 4to. Descriptio Angliæ, Scotia, et Hiberniæ.
"He was a person much commended in his time for his fine
fancy in Latin poetry, and for certain matters which he had writ-
ten."-Athen. Oxon.
Coryate, or Coryat, Thomas, 1577-1617, son of
the preceding, educated at Gloucester Hall, Oxford, was
celebrated for his extended pedestrian excursions over a
large portion of the Continent. In 1608 he travelled
through France, Germany, and Italy, walking 1975 miles,
more than half of which were accomplished in one pair of
shoes, which were only once mended, and on his return
were hung up in the church of Odcombe. Of this trip he
pub. an account in 1611, 4to, under the title of Coryat's
Crudities hastily gobled vp in five months' Trauells in
France, &c. Bib. Anglo-Poet., 113, £15. Repub. in 1776,
3 vols. 8vo.
"Which book was then usher'd into the world by an Odcombi-
ant-Banquet, consisting of near 60 copies of excellent verses made
by the poets of that time, (which did very much advantage the
sale of the book;) among them were Ben Jonson, Sir Jo. Harring-
ton," etc.-Athen. Oxon.
"His book, known by the name of Coriat's Crudities, nauseous
to nice readers, for the rawness thereof. is not altogether useless;
though the porch be more worth than the palace: I mean, the pre-
face of other men's mock-commending verses thereon."
This collection of ironical verses presents an amusing
specimen of the taste for humour of many of the greatest
names of the day. Coryats Crambe, or his Colwort twise
sodden, and now serued in with other Macaronicke dishes,
as the second course to his Cruditics, 1611, 4to. Bibl.
Anglo-Poet., £10 10s. Traveller for the English Wits,
1616, 4to. Mr. Thomas Coriat to his Friends in England
sendeth greeting from Agra, &c., in the Easterne India,
Oct. 16, Lon., 1618, 4to. Some of his pieces will be found
in Purchas's Pilgrimes. In 1612 this eccentric genius
gathered the citizens around him at the cross in Odcombe,
delivered a valedictory oration, and left his country for a
ten years' ramble. But half the assigned limit had ex-
pired, when the wanderer was called to depart to that
undiscovered country from whose bourn no traveller re-
turns." He died at Surat in 1617, after explorations in
Greece, Asia, Egypt, and India. Before his roaming pro-
pensities became so strongly developed, he was in the ser-
vice of Henry, Prince of Wales, and seems to have filled
the honourable post of Court Foo, but it appears that he
sometimes displayed more wit than those who had more
reputation for wisdom.
"He carried folly (which the charitable called merriment) in his
1
•
very face. The shape of his head had no promising form, being
like a sugar-loaf inverted. with the little end before, as composed
of fancy and memory, without any common sense. .
He ac-
counted those men guilty of superfluity, who had more suits and
shirts than bodies, seldom putting off either till they were ready
to go away from him. Prince Henry allowed him a pension, and
last course at all court entertainments. Indeed he was the cour
kept him for his servant. Sweet-meats and Coriat made up the
tiers' anvil to try their wits upon and sometimes this anvil re
turned the hammers as hard knocks as it received, his bluntness
repaying their abusiveness."-Fuller's Worthies.
66
The distinguished characteristic of Coryat's mind seems to
C
have been a passion for travelling, and an irrepressible desire to
render bis name famous by his peregrinations. Of all the plea-
sures in the world,' says he, travel is (in my opinion) the sweetest
and most delightful.""-Lon. Retrosp. Rev., 1822, vi. 206.
6
•
"He was a man of a very coveting eye, that could never be sa-
tisfied with seeing, tho' he had seen very much, and yet he
took as much content in seeing, as many others in the enjoying
of great and rare things."-Athen. Orim. See also Biog. Brit.;
Censura Literaria; Bibl. Anglo-Poet.; Purchas's Pilgrims.
We should not omit to mention that the useful thousand
miles shoes which Coryat wore in his first travels were al-
lowed to hang in undisturbed dignity in Odcombe Church
for nearly a century. About 1702 they were removed, and
where they are now preserved, or whether preserved at all,
is more than we can say. We commend the subject to the
early attention of the Society of Antiquaries.
Coryat, [Coriat,] Junior. Another Traveller; or
Cursory Remarks and Critical Observations, made upon a
Journey through part of the Netherlands, in the latter
part of the year 1766, Lon., 1767, 3 vols. 12mo. This is
the production of the celebrated Samuel Paterson, the
London auctioneer.
"This book was an imitation of Sterne, and not of Coriat, whose
name Paterson had chosen as a whimsical one."-Dr. Johnson.
But Paterson pub. a pamphlet entitled An Appeal, &c.,
to prove that his work was written before the appearance
of Sterne's Sentimental Journey.
"As travels we are in conscience bound to say, that we cannot
reckon them very praiseworthy; they do not, in fact, contain above
half a dozen descriptions. Nor as a series of anecdotes will they
stand the test; the number of these not being great, and honest
Paterson not being the very best narrator of a story we have met
with."-Lom. Retrosp. Rev., 1825. xii. 290. q. v. For an account of
Sam. Paterson, see the above, and Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
Corye, John. The Generous Enemies, or the Ridi-
culous Lovers, a Comedy, Lon., 1672, 4to.
"A compilement or rather plagiarism from other authors."-
LOWNDES.
—
Corymbæus, i. e. Richard Brathwait.
Coryton, John. A Treatise on the Law of Letters
Patent for the sole use of Inventions in the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, including the practice
connected with the Grant; to which is added a Summary
of the Patent Laws in force in the principal foreign States;
with an appendix of Statutes, Rules, Practical Forms, &c.,
Lon., 1855, Sro; Amer. ed., with notes referring to Amer.
Cases, Phila., 1855, Svo.
Cosbie, Arnold. Ultimum Vale to the Vaine World,
an Elegie written by himself in the Marshalsea, after his
condemnation for murthering Lord Brooke, 1591, 4to.
Cosens, John, D.D. The Economy of Beauty; in a
Series of Fables addressed to the Ladies, 1777, 4to. Serms.,
Lon., 1793, 2 vols. Svo.
"The style of these sermons is vigorous, animated, and well
suited to popular discourses "-Lon. Monthly Review.
"They tend to promote the cause of piety and virtue, and may
be read with considerable pleasure and edification."-Brit. Critic.
1765, 4to.
Cosh, William. The Cause of the Cooper, Lon.,
Cosin, James. Names of Roman Catholics, Nonju-
the First's time. Lon., 1745, Svo.
rors, and others who refused to take the Oath in George
Cosin, or Cozen, John, D.D., 1594-1672, a native
Cambridge, Master of Peterhouse. Cambridge, 1638; Dean
of Norwich, educated at, and Fellow of, Caius College,
he was deprived of his ecclesiastical preferments, and re-
of Peterborough, 1640. In the time of the Commonwealth
tired to Paris, where he exercised his ministerial functions
greatly to the advantage of the Protestant cause.
"Yea, whilst be remained in France, he was the Atlas of the Pro-
testant religion, supporting the same with his piety and learning,
confirming the wavering therein, yea, adding daily proselytes (not
of the meanest rank) thereunto."-Fuller's Worthies.
At the Restoration he returned, and within the year was
raised to the Bishopric of Durham. A Collection of Pri-
vate Devotions in the Practice of the Ancient Churches,
called the House of Prayer, Lon., 1627, Svo. This manual,
said to have been compiled at the request of Charles I., or
of the Countess of Denbigh, was a chief cause of the trou-
bles which befell the worthy, doctor. The frontispiece-a
cross, angels, &c.—especially, aroused the ire of Prynne
431
COS
COT
and Burton. The Puritans styled the collection a book of
Cozening Devotions. A Scholastical History of the Canon
of Holy Scriptures, Lon., 1657, 4to, 1672, '83; new edit.,
1849, vide post.
"This work contains a pretty satisfactory induction of the evi-
dence for the authenticity of the Scriptures; and of the different
dégrees of authority or respect which the church has attached to
the apocryphal books. It has long been completely superseded by
the more extensive and accurate works of Jones, Lardner, and
Michaelis; but is still deserving of respect for the service which it
rendered at the time."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Historia Transubstant. Papalis, 1675, 8vo; in English,
1676, Svo; new edit., revised with a Memoir of the author,
by Rev. J. S. Brewer, Lon., 1840, 12mo.
"A most substantial treatise against transubstantiation."-DR.
JOHN DUREL.
Notes on the Book of Common Prayer, 1710, fol. Dr.
C. pub. some other treatises. An edit. of his works, now
first collected, was pub. in Oxford, 1843-45, 5 vols. Svo;
Lib. of Anglo-Cath. Theology. A letter of Dr. C.'s upon
the Validity of the orders of the Foreign Reformed Churches,
will be found in Two Treatises on the Church, edited by
Rev. Wm. Goode, Lon., 1843, Svo.
"One whose abilities, quick apprehension, solid judgment, va-
riety of reading, &c. are sufficiently made known to the world in
his learned books, whereby he hath perpetuated his name to pos-
terity. I must not pass over his constancy in his religion, which
rendered him amiable in the eyes not of good men only, but of
that of God, with whom there is no variableness nor shadow of
changing. It must be confessed that a sort of fond people surmised
as if he had once been declining to the popish persuasion. Thus
the dim-sighted complain of the darkness of the room, when, alas,
the fault is in their own eyes; and the lame, of the unevenness of
the floor, when indeed it lieth in their unsound legs."-Fuller's
Worthies.
(C 'Ingenious, but not all correct. He was of opinion that it was
not older than the time of the Babylonish captivity; and consi-
dered it a piece of exalted and regular Eastern poetry, of the dra-
matic kind.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Other publications. See Biog. Brit.; Bibl. Brit.; Ni-
chols's Literary Anecdotes.
Coste, Peter. Trans. of Montaigne's Essays, 1759,
3 vols. 8vo.
"An immense treasure-house of observation, anticipating all
the discoveries of succeeding essayists; you cannot open him with-
out detecting a Spectator, or Rambler."-LEIGH HUNT.
Very extravagant, this, Mr. Leigh Hunt!
Costeker. The Fine Gentleman; or, The Education
of a Young Nobleman, Lon., 1732, 8vo.
Costello, Mrs. The Soldier's Orphan; a Tale, 1809,
and most popular writers of the day. Specimens of the
Early Poetry of France, Lon., 1835, 8vo.
"We warmly recommend Miss Costello's very elegant little work."
-Lom. Athenæum.
3 vols. 12mo.
"Some novels have no character at all, and this is one of them.
It is neither remarkably dull, nor particularly lively; neither per-
fectly uninteresting, nor peculiarly pleasing; in short, neither
commendable nor reprehensible.”—Lon. Monthly Review, 1809.
Costello, Dudley. A Tour through the Valley of
the Meuse, Lon., 1845, p. 8vo.
Costello, Col. Edward. Adventures of a Soldier,
Lon., 1841, p. 8vo.
Summer amongst the Bocages and Vines, 1840, 2 vols. 8vo.
“These volumes are written with true gusto: they sparkle over
with sketches of romantic scenery, outlines of antique places, his
torical legends, local traditions, &c."-Lon. Atlas.
Jacques Coeur, the French Argonaut, and His Times,
1847, 8vo. Miss C. has also pub. Bearn and the Pyrenees,
1844, 2 vols. Svo; Catherine de Medicis, 1848, p. 12mo, and
p. 8vo; Clara Fane, 1848, 3 vols. p. 8vo; Gabrielle, 1843,
3 vols. p. 8vo; and Songs of a Stranger, Svo. We express
the wish of many, when we record the desire that Miss
Costello may long continue to delight and instruct a public
whom she has made so familiar with her merits.
Coster, Robert. A Mite cast into the common Trea-
sury, 1649, 4to.
Costigan, Capt. A. W. Sketches of Society and
Manners in Portugal, Lon., 1788, 2 vols. 8vo.
Cosin, Richard, LL.D., Dean of the Arches, also
Chancellor of the diocese of Worcester from 1579 until
1598. An Answer to a Libel entitled An Abstract of Cer-
tain Acts of Parliament, Lon., 1584, 4to. Conspiracie for
pretended Reformation, viz.: Presbyterial Discipline by
Hacket, Coppinger, and Arthington, 1592, 4to. Apologie "Very good pictures of Portuguese life and manners, though, in
for sundrie Proceedings by Iurisdiction Ecclesiasticall, many instances, the portraiture seems considerably over-charged-
1593, 4to. Commended as
Commended as "a learned and excellent work." the outline caricatured--and the colouring too much heightened."
There was an earlier edit. in two parts, only 40 copies-Lon. Monthly Rev., 1789.
printed. Carmina, &c., 1598, 4to. Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ
Politeia in Tabulas digesta, Lon., 1604, fol.; Oxf., 1634,
fol.; with preface by Allane, 1684, fol. Regni Angliæ sub
imperio Reginæ Elizabethæ Religio et Gubernatio Eccle-
siastica, aucta et emendata, cura Joannis Cosini. Gul.
Wechet, Editore, Lon., 1729, 4to.
Costill, O. H. Practical Treatise on Poisons, their
Symptoms, Antidotes, and Mode of Treatment, Phila.,18mo.
Cosway, Mrs. Mary, d. 1804, a miniature painter of
great reputation, projected and partially prepared a collec-
tion of copies of paintings in the Musée Française, accom-
panied with historical notices. In consequence of the loss
of a child, she abandoned her design, and retired to a nun.
nery near Lyons. See Woman's Record.
"He was a general scholar, geometrician, musician, physician,
divine, but chiefly civil and canon lawyer. . . .
.. His last words
were these, 'Farewell, my surviving friends; remember your mor-
tality and eternal life."-Fuller's Worthies.
Cossham, J. N. Interest Time Tables, 1813, 12mo.
Costa, Emanuel M. Da. See DA COSTA.
Costard, George, 1710-1782, Fellow and Tutor of
Wadham College, Vicar of Twickenham, 1764. Mr. C.
was versed in astronomy, and famous for his Oriental learn-
ing, and thereby acquired the title of Rabbi Costard. Ob-
servations on some Psalms, Svo. Use of Astronomy, 1764,
4to. Hist. of Astronomy, 1767, 4to. A second edit. of Hyde's
Historia Religionis Veterum Persarum eorumque Magorum,
1760, 4to.
Con. to Phil. Trans., 1745, '51, '53, '54, '77.
Observations on the Book of Job, 1747, 8vo.
“Most agreeable volumes.”—Lon. Quar. Review.
The Queen Mother, a Romance, 3 vols. p. 8vo. A Pil-
grimage to Auvergne, 1842, 2 vols. 8vo.
“Two more delightful volumes have not proceeded from the pen
of the tourist."-John Bull.
Memoirs of Eminent Englishwomen, 1844, 4 vols. 8vo.
The reader will here find 37 biographies.
The Rose Garden of Persia; trans. from the Persian
Poets, 1845, Svo.
She has by this remarkable volume of specimens at once won
her way into the foremost rank of modern poets."-Lon. M. Chron.
The Falls, Lakes, and Mountains of N. Wales, 1845, 8vo.
"It is gratifying to find that she has brought her exquisite sense
ciation, always simple and unpretending in their enunciation, to
of the picturesque, and vivid appreciation of local historical asso-
bear upon a portion of Great Britain.”—Ainsworth's Magazine.
A Tour to and from Venice, 1846, Svo.
"A pleasanter book for travellers bound to the north of Italy it
would be difficult to find."-Oxford and Cambridge Review.
"This highly interesting volume is filled with details and anec-
dotes of the most sterling character, and well deserves a place in
the library of every regiment in the service."—Naval and Military |
Gazelle.
Costello,Louisa Stuart,one of the most voluminous
Cotes. Sketches of Truth, 1803, 3 vols. 12mo.
Cotes, Charles. Oratio, &c., Harveiana, 1746, 4to.
Cotes, Digby. See COATES.
Cotes, Henry. Serms., 1805, '13; ditto, from Beau-
sobre, 1822, 8vo.
"A paraphrase, rather than a translation."-Preface.
Cotes, J. Surveyor's Guide, 1806, 8vo.
Cotes, Roger, 1682-1716, an eminent mathematician
and astronomer, a native of Burbage, Leicestershire, was
educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, Fellow, 1705; Plu-
mian Prof. of Astronomy, 1706. In 1713 he took orders,
and in the same year, at the desire of Dr. Bentley, he pub.
at Cambridge the second edit. of Sir Isaac Newton's Ma-
thematica Principia, &c., with the author's improvements,
and a preface of his own, which has been greatly admired.
A number of his works were pub. after his death. Har-
monia Mensurarum, pub. by Dr. Smith, 1722, Camb., 4to.
Opera Miscellanea, Camb., 1722, 4to. Theoremata, &c.,
Com-
Camb., 1722, 4to. Extracts from his Lectures, 4to.
pendium of Arithmetic; in English, pub. by Dr. Smith,
1737, 8vo. Account of a great Meteor which appeared in
1715, Phil. Trans., 1720. Hydros. and Pneumat. Lectures,
pub. with notes by Dr. Smith, 1738, Svo. Cotes was emi-
nently versed in mathematics, metaphysics, philosophy,
and divinity. Those not conversant with the scientific his-
tory of the period would consider us extravagant in rank-
ing Cotes as the equal of any philosopher whom England
himself as inferior to the editor of his Principia, we have
has hitherto produced. That Sir Isaac Newton considered
good reason to believe. We must not, however, forget to
make proper allowance for the remarkable humility of this
wonderful genius: a humility to which we find a striking
counterpart in the character of a celebrated personage,
equally distinguished, though in a far different sphere,
the illustrious Edmund Burke. The great Dr. Bentley
-
"Never mentioned Cotes but with the highest regret, [he died at
the age of 35:] he had formed the highest expectations of new
lights and discoveries in Philosophy from the penetrating force of
his extraordinary genius; and on the tablet devoted to his memory
in the chapel of Trinity College, has recorded his sorrow's, and those
132
COT
COT
of the whole learned world, in the following beautiful and pathetic | tle were roughly handled by a very foolish young man,
opitaph:
smarting under a deserved rebuke:
II. S. E.
Rogerus Robertis filius Cotes,
Collegii bujus S. Trinitatis Socius,
Astronomia et Experimentalis Philosophiæ:
Professor Plumianus.
Qui
immaturâ morte præreptus,
panca quidem ingenii sui pignora reliquit,
sed egregia, sed admiranda,
ex inaccessis Matheseos penetralibus
felici solertia cum primum ertua.
Post magnum illum Newtonum
Societatis hujus spes altera
et decus gemellum
Cui ad summam doctrinæ laudem."
See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, il. 128.
Sir Isaac Newton mourned the loss of a great philosopher
in Cotes, and would exclaim when referring to his early
death-"If Cotes had lived, we had known something."
Cotes, William. Short Questions betwene the Father
and the Sonne, Lon., 1585, 8vo.
Cotgrave, John.
The English Treasury of Wit and
Language, collected out of the best Dramatick Poems;
methodically digested into common places for generall use,
Lon., 1665, 8vo. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 168, £3 38.
"Thou mayst not reasonably expect the abstracted Quintessence
of betwixt three and foure hundred Poems in this small compasse,
(which yet may be large enough for an essay,) for I find that an ab
solute impossibility. But I can assure thee, that what is herein
couched, is a great part of the best, and generally taken out of the
best."-Address to the Reader.
Wit's Interpreter, or the English Parnassus, 1655, 8vo.
Cotgrave, Randle. French and English Dictionary,
with another by R. Sherwood; edit. by J. Howell, Lon.,
1673, fol. To those who read the old French writers, or
wish to compare the changes in language, this is a valuable
book.
"It is a rich storehouse of old French, and English also."-
Todd.
Liber Studiorum, 1838, imp. fol. Illustrations of Dr.
Dibdin's Bibliographical Tour in France and Normandy,
by J. S. C. and Mrs. D. Turner, imp. Svo. Architect. and
Picturesque Remains in various Counties of England, but
chiefly in Norfolk. With descriptions by Thomas Rick-
man. Other publications of a similar character. See H.
G. Bohn's Cat., 1841.
"His Etchings have all the richness and vigour of the best artists
of the old School, and are highly prized by all who are capable of
appreciating them.”—Lo. Quar. Review,
Cotta, John. Medicine and Witchcraft, 1612-25.
Cotter, George Sackville. Poems, Cork, 1790, Svo.
Cotter, John R. Gospels of Matt. and Mark, para-
phrased, Lon., 2d ed., 1840, 12mo. Treatises, &c. for the
Times, Lon., 1849, 12mo. Mass and Rubrics of the R. C.
Church, trans. into English, 1845, 12mo.
"A very exact version in our own language.”
Cotterel, Sir Charles, Master of the Requests to
Charles II. Cassandra, trans. from the French of La Cal-
prenède, Lon., 1735, 5 vols. 12mo.
"The most famous of the Heroical Romances, from which Rous-
seau (a great reader of them) has taken some of the affecting inci-
dents in the New Heloise."-DUNLOP.
Historie of the Civil Warres of France, trans. from the
Italian of Davila, by C. C. and Wm. Aylesbury, 1647, fol.;
2d ed., 1678, fol.
"A noble historian, equal to Livy."-LORD BOLINGBROKE.
"The History of the Civil Wars from 1559 to 1598 displays pro-
found knowledge of times, characters, intrigues, &c.”—SISMONDI.
Cotterill, T.
8vo.
"Oh! Amos COTTLE, Phoebus!-what a name
To fill the speaking trump of future fame!
Oh! Amos COTTLE! for a moment think
What meagre profits spread from pen and ink!"
Byrim's Eng. Burds and S. Reviewers.
Yet Amos was a favourite with the terrible Monthly Re
viewers:
"If my poems should ever acquire a name and character, it
might be said the world owed them to you. Had it not been for
Cotman, John Sell, 1780-1843, b. at Norwich. Archi-you, none perhaps of them would have been published, and some
tectural Antiquities of Normandy, Lon., 1820, '21, with Hist. not written. Your obliged and ever affectionate friend,
and Descrip. Notices by Dawson Turner, super-roy. fol.
"A highly valuable and faithful delineation of hitherto inedited
monuments.”—Lon. Quur. Review.
Miscellaneous Etchings, super-roy. fol., 1812. Architect-
Antiq. of Norfolk, 1812-17, imp. fol. Sepulchral Brasses
in Norfolk, 1819, roy. 4to; new edit., greatly enlarged, 2
vols. imp. 4to.
S. T. COLERIDGE:" Letter to Cattle, April 15, 1798.
"Do you suppose. Cottle, that I have forgotten those true and
most essential acts of friendship which you showed me when I
stood most in need of them? Your house was my house when I
had no other. Sure I am, there never was a more generous or
a kinder heart than yours; and you will believe me when I add
that there does not live that man upon earth whom I remember
with more gratitude and affection. . Good night! my dear old
friend and benefactor.”¬Robert Southey :” Leller to Coltle, Aprû 20,
1808.
<
"A work highly interesting to the Antiquary and the man of
taste, as throwing much light on the early history of this country;
and bearing an equal degree of artistical merit with the Antiquities
of Norfolk' by the same artist.”—General Hist, of Norfolk.
"Cotman's work on Sepulchral Brasses is by far the most im- factions received in the dark hours
portant publication on the subject."-DAWSON TURNER.
"His Icelandic, like his other poetry, is versified often with v-
gour, and always with neatness, with grace, and with euphony
Of Mr. Cottle's poetical talents we have repeatedly spoken with
approbation."-Monthly Review, 1798, 381.
Cottle, John. New Version of the Psalms, Lon.,
1802, 12mo. The author states that he has omitted, trans-
posed, and paraphrased, as the occasion seemed to require.
Cottle, Joseph, d. 1853, in his 84th year. Poems,
1795, 12mo. Malvern Hills, a Poem, 1798, 4to. John the
Baptist, a Poem, 1801, 8vo. Alfred, an Epic Poem, 1801,
4to; 1804, 2 vols. 12mo, and 1816. Selection of Poems for
Young Persons, 1805, '15, 12mo. The Fall of Cambria, a
Poem, 1809, '11, 2 vols. 8vo. Other publications. Early
Recollections of Coleridge, 1837, 2 vols. 8vo. Mr. C. was
in early life a bookseller, but relinquished that business in
1798, shortly after publishing the Lyrical Ballads of Cole-
ridge. He pub. in 1796 Coleridge's first vol. of Poems.
See Coleridge's Letter to him in Gent. Mag., Aug. 1853.
"Boeotian Cottle, rich Bristowa's boast,
Imports old stories from the Cambrian Coast,
And sends his goods to market-all alive!
Lines forty thousand. Cantos twenty-five."
Byron's Eng. Bards and S. Reviewers.
Well had it been for Byron had he been as good a man
as "Boeotian Cottle." He may have been a bad poet, but
he was-that rarer character-a good friend. To both
Coleridge and Southey he extended the hand of kindness,
when kindness was the most needed:
•
•
Commend us to that noble-hearted man who in the day
of his prosperity is not ashamed to acknowledge the bene-
"When friends were few and fortune frowned!"
In the letter quoted above, (the reader must devour the
whole of it; see Southey's Life and Correspondence,)
Southey, to his lasting honour, tells his friend,
"You are in the habit of preserving your letters, and if you
were not, I would entreat you to preserve this, that it might be
seen hereafter."
The reader will now understand that our transcriptions
have been made from a sense of duty (accompanied with
much pleasure) to both writer and recipient.
In the same generous spirit he writes to John May:
"You ought to become acquainted with my old friend Joseph
Cottle, the best-hearted of men. Become acquainted with one
who has a larger portion of original goodness than falls to the lot:
of most men.-pt. 15, 1827.
"Cottle published my Joan of Arc in 1796, and there are very
few who entertain a warmer regard for me than he has done from
that time."-Letter to Charles Swain, Oct. 27, 1836.
·
We trust we have no reader who will complain of the
length of this article, consecrated to two of the noblest
feelings of the human breast-to Friendship and Grati-
tude!
"If such there breathe, go mark him well,
For him no Minstrel raptures swell.”
Cotton, Bartholemew de, Monk of Norwich. An-
nales Ecclesia Norwicensis, 1042-1295, et Historia de
Episcopis Norw., ad an. 1299.
Episcopis Norw., ad an. 1299. Accedunt continuatio his-
toriæ ad an. 1446, et successio Episcoporum et priorum.
Vide Wharton, Anglia Sacra, 1691.
Speech before the Bible Society, 1813,
Cottesford, S. Against Traitors, 1591. Serm., 1622.
Cottingham, John. Serms., &c., 1784-1807.
Cottingham, L. N. Architectural works, 1822-24.
Cottle, Amos Simon, d. 1800, was educated at Mag-lish Fustian, 1675, Svo.
Nothing can be more vulgar, disgusting, or licentious, than
dalen College, Cambridge. Icelandic Poetry, or the Edda his parodies on Virgil and Lucian. That they should have been
of Shemend, trans. into English Verse, Lon., 1797, Svo. so often reprinted, marks the slow progress of the refinement of
Other poetical compositions. Both Amos and Joseph Cot-public taste during the greater part of the eighteenth century.”
Cotton, Charles, 1630-1687, educated at Cambridge,
translator. See a list of his publications in Watt's Bibl.
celebrity
obtained considerable as a humorous poet and
Brit. We notice a few: Devaix's Philos. of the Stoics,
1664. A Voyage to Ireland. Virgil Travestie, 1664–67.
and '92, 3 vols. Svo. Some of Lucian's Dialogues in Eng-
28
433
COT
COT
Neal's
The Wonders of the Peake, 1681, 8vo. Genuine Works, | Magnalia; Norton and Mather's Life of Cotton
1715, Svo. Trans. of Montaigne's Essays, 1759, 3 vols.
8vo. Poems, 1689, 8vo. Poetical Works, 1765, 12mo;
6th ed., 1771, 12mo.
N. E.; Hutchinson; Winthrop; Mass. Hist. Coll.; Allen's
Amer. Biog. Dict.
Cotton is best known by his addition to his adopted
father's (Izaak Walton) Complete Angler. This treatise-
How to angle for a Trout or Grayling in a clear strean-
was written in ten days. It is often found bound up in
the 3d and 4th edits. of the Complete Angler, and was re-
printed with every subsequent edit. See an account of
their Fish House, &c. on the river Dove, in Biog. Brit.
"It is of stone, and the room on the inside a cube of about
fifteen feet: it is paved with black and white marble. . . . In the
farther corner, on the left, is a fire-place, with a chimney; and on
the right, a large beaufet with folding-doors, wherein are the por
traits of Mr. Cotton, with a boy-servant, and Walton, in the dress
of the time: underneath is a cupboard, on the door whereof the
figures of a trout, and also of a grayling, are well pourtrayed..
Over the door the initial letters of his own name and Isaac Wal-
ton's were placed together in a cypher."-Note to the Compl. Angler,
21st edit., 1784.
Cotton, Clement. Mirror of Martyrs, Lon., 1631,
8vo. Convert's Catechism, 1616, 8vo. Concordance to the
Bible, 1631, '33, fol.; enlarged, &c. by Samuel Newman,
1643. Way of Life, 1641, 4to.
Cotton, Edward. Loadstone; Phil. Trans., 1667.
Cotton, G. E. L., D.D., Lord-Bishop of Calcutta
and Metropolitan of India. 1. Doctrine and Practice of
Christianity; 3d ed., Lon., 1853, 18mo. 2. Short Prayers
for Public Schools; 5th ed., 1854, 18mo. 3. Seven Serms.,
1855, fp. 8vo. 4. Serms., 1858, er. 8vo.
Cotton, Henry, D.C.L., Archdeacon of Cashel. List of
Edits. of the Bible and Parts thereof in English, 1505-1820,
&c., Lon., 1821, 8vo; 2d ed., enlarged, 1852, 8vo. See LEWIS, J.
"Evidently the result of deep research, and drawn up with great
care."-Horne's Introduction.
Very complete. . . . The most valuable part is the Appendix,
in which Mr. Cotton gives specimens of all the early translations
of the Scriptures into English; besides accurate descriptions of the
several scarce editions. The author has availed himself of the
previous labours of Lewis, Ducarel, (or rather Tutet,) and Gifford,
Crutwell, and Newcome."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
This and Lewis's Hist. of Eng. Trans. give the fullest accounts
of the points on which they treat."-Bickersteth's Christian Student.
The
Gazetteer, Oxf.,
2d
enlarged, 1831. Mem. of a French trans. of the N. Testa-
ment, Lon., 1827, Svo.
?
"Dr. Kidder's pamphlet having become extremely rare, Dr. Cot-
ton has rendered a valuable service to the Protestant cause by re-
printing it, with some corrective notes; and he has prefixed
interesting bibliographical memoir on the Bordeaux New Testa-
ment."-Horne's Introduction.
፡፡
46
Cotton, John, 1640–1699, minister at Plymouth,
Mass., son of the preceding, revised and corrected Eliot's
Indian Bible, printed at Cambridge in 1685.
"Dr. Cotton has for the first time given an English translation
of what are called the fourth and fifth books; and he successfully
adapted the style and language of his version to those of the
ceding books, as closely as was consistent with a careful adherence
to the original."-Ibid.
Cotton, John, d. 1757, in the 64th year of his age,
minister of. Newton, Mass., great-grandson of the first-
named John Cotton. Serms., 1728, '29, '34, '39, '53.
Cotton, John, d. 1789, aged 77, first minister of
Halifax, Mass., great-grandson of the first-named John
Cotton. Two Serms., 1757. Baptism. Hist. of Plymouth
Church.
Cotton, Josiah, 1680-1756, father of the preceding.
compiled and left in MS. a copious English and Indian
Vocabulary. He had four sons who were ministers.
Cotton, Nathaniel, 1707-1788, an English physi-
cian and poet, was noted for his skill in the treatment of
insanity, and had a private establishment for lunatics.
Visions in Verse,
Obs. on Scarlet Fever, Lon., 1749, Svo.
1751, '64. Works in Prose and Verse, 1791, 2 vols. 12mo.
Marriage, a Vision; being an addit. to J. Macgowen on
Marriage, 1811, Svo.
He is truly a philosopher, according to my judgment of the
character, every tittle of his knowledge in natural subjects being
connected in his mind with the firm belief in an omnipotent agent."
-COWPER; who had been Dr. C.'s patient.
*
Cotton, R. P., M.D. On Consumption: its Nature,
Symptoms, and Treatment. To which Essay was awarded
the Fothergillian Gold Medal of the Medical Society of
London, Lon., 1852, Svo.
Phthisis and the Stethoscope: a concise Practical Guide
to the Physical Diagnosis of Consumption, 1851, fp. 8vo.
Cotton, Richard Lynch, D.D. Provost of Wor-
cester College, Oxford, formerly Vicar of Denchworth.
The Way of Salvation, a series of Serms., Oxf., 1837, 8vo.
Cotton, Sir Robert Bruce, 1570-1631, an emi-
nent antiquary, a native of Denton, Huntingdonshire, but
a descendant of Robert Bruce, was educated at Trinity
College, Cambridge. He was created a knight upon the
accession of James I., and was highly esteemed by the
anking and principal statesmen, who often solicited his ad-
vice.
vice. In 1629 he was arrested and confined in the Tower,
in consequence of a manuscript, which proposed a plan by,
The Five Books of Maccabees in English, with Notes and which the king could enslave his subjects, being traced to
Illustrations, Oxf., 1832, 8vo.
his library. It was the production of Sir Robert Dudley,
and Sir Robert Cotton seems to have been unconscious even
of its possession. Upon his innocence being made ap-
parent, he was released, and his liberty restored to him.
This was a severe blow to the excellent man, and he never
regained his strength of body or cheerfulness of mind.
When I went several times to visit and comfort him in the year
1630, he would tell me they had broken his heart that had locked
up his library from him.' He was so outworn, within a few months,
with anguish and grief, as his face, which had been formerly ruddy
and well coloured, (such as the picture I have of him shows,) was
wholly changed into a grim blackish paleness, near to the resem
blance and hue of a dead visage.”—SIR SYMONDS D'Ewes.
"Notwithstanding the hackneyed nature of the subject, and
the multitude of works which have appeared upon phthisis, the
present work is of very considerable interest, from the clear and
simple manner in which it is arranged, and from the use made by
the author of the ample materials placed at his disposal at the
Brompton Hospital."-Medical Times.
A Short Explan. of Obsolete Words in our Version of the
Bible, &c., Oxf., 1832, 12mo. Fasti Ecclesiæ Hibernica: The
Succession of the Prelates and Members of the Cathedral
Bodies in Ireland, Dubl., 1845–50, 4 vols. 8vo. Rhemes and
Doway: An Attempt to Shew what has been done by R.
Catholics for the Diffusion of the Holy Scriptures in Eng-
lish, Oxf., 1855, 8vo.
"A most valuable contribution to Biblical bibliography.”—T. H.
He died of a fever at Westminster in the next year.
HORNE, D.D., in a letter to the author of this Dictionary, Aug. 31, 1858. His noble library, the fruit of many years' collections, re-
Cotton, J. D. Lachrymæ Elegiacæ, &c., 1765, 4to. ceived augmentations from his son and grandson, and was
Cotton, John, 1585-1652, a native of Derby, Eng- deposited in the British Museum in 1753. It had suffered
land, educated at Trinity and Emanuel College, Cambridge, severely from a fire in 1731. Its inestimable value is too
became in his 28th year minister of Boston in Lincoln- well known to require any enlargement upon the subject.
shire. Having adopted the principles of the Puritans, he Sir Robert wrote many historical, antiquarian, and poli-
emigrated to Boston, Mass., and spent the rest of his daystical treatises. For a particular account of them, see re-
in America. He was eminent for profound learning and ferences below. We notice a few: Life and Raigne of
devoted piety. He pub. many theological works, the most Henry III. of England, 1627, 4to. A Treatise against
celebrated of which were in defence of the interference of Recusants, in Defence of the Oath of Allegiance, 1841, 4to.
the civil power in support of the truth. In this position Warrs with Foreign Princes dangerous to our Common-
he found a powerful antagonist in Roger Williams. Cot- wealth, 1657, 8vo. Abridgt. of the Records (Rolls of Par-
ton's Letter concerning the power of the Magistrate in liament) in the Tower, with addits. by Wm. Prynne, 1657,
matters of Religion was answered by W. in 1644, in The 2 vols. fol. Narrative of Count Gondomar's Transactions
Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the cause of conscience. during his Embassy to England, 1659, 4to. The King's
This elicited Cotton's Bloody Tenet washed and made Revenue. Discourse of Foreign War, 1690, Svo. Many
white in the Blood of the Lamb, 1647. Williams rejoined of his Pieces will be found in Hearne's Discourses, and
in The Bloody Tenet yet more bloody by Mr. Cotton's en- also in Cottoni Posthuma: Divers choice Pieces of that
deavour to wash it white in the Blood of the Lamb, 1652. renowned Antiquary, Sir Robert Cotton, by J. (ames)
|
A Discourse about Civil Government in a New Plantation, H. (owell,) Lon., 1651, '72, '79, Svo. Also refer to Biog.
&c., was pub. in Camb., 1663, sm. 4to, under Cotton's name, Brit.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Manual; Prof.
but it was really the production of John Davenport of to Planta's Cottonian Cat., 1802, fol.; Life prefixed to Dr.
New Haven Colony. This book is so rare, that a copy in Smith's Cat., 1696; Nichols's Leicestershire; Hist. of
sheets sold in New York in 1847 for $14 50. Cotton's Hinckley; Life of Bowyer: Bridgman's Legal Bibl.; Gent.
youngest daughter married Increase Mather. See Mather's Mag., 1767; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Cunningham's Biog.
|
..
434
COT
COU
Hist.; Dibdin's Bibliomania. For a recent description of
the Cottonian Library, see the excellent Hand Book to the
library of the Brit., Museum, by Richard Sims, Lon., 1854,
18mo. It may be said without
"Exaggeration, that the writers upon the history and antiquities
of Great Britain and Ireland have been more indebted to the in-
exhaustible treasures of the Cottonian Library than to all other
sources together."
There can be no question that Sir Robert Cotton is en-
titled to a place in the first rank of England's learned an-
tiquaries; a noble army, truly!
"The name of Sir Robert Cotton must always be mentioned
with honour; his memory cannot fail of exciting the warmest
sentiments of gratitude while the smallest regard for learning sub-
sists among us."-DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON,
See Gale's eloquent tribute-" quisquis bona fide Histo-
riam nostram," &c.-in Rer. Anglia Script. Vet. i. præf. 3.
Cotton, Roger. Direction to the Waters of Lyfe,
Lon., 1590, 4to. Treatise, 4to. Armour of Proofe brought
from the Tower of David to fight against the Spannyardes
and all Enimies of the Trueth, 1596, 4to. Spirituall Songs,
1596, 4to.
Cotton, W. C. My Bee Book, Lon., 1842, p. 8vo.
66
One of the most elegant volumes that ever graced a library
table... The perfection of a scrap-book for the gentleman or lady
bee-keeper."-Lm. Quar. Review.
Two Letters to Cottagers on Bees: 1. On Bee Manage-
ment. 2. On the Natural Theology of Bees, 1843, 12mo.
Short and Simple Letters to Cottagers, 1844, 12mo.
Cottrell, C. H. Don Carlos, a Dramatic Poem, Lon.,
8vo; 2d ed., 1844. Recollections of Siberia in 1840, '41, 1843,
Svo. Relig. Move. of Germany, 1849, Svo. Trans. of C. J.
Bunsen's Egypt's Place in Universal History, 1848, '53,
2 vols. 8vo.
"The fullest and most exact work that has hitherto appeared on
the interpretation of hieroglyphical inscription."-Church of Eng.
Quar. Review.
"The learned author is one of the most erudite and accom-
plished expositors of ancient Egyptian learning.”—Lon. Critic.
The Chevalier is also favourably known as a learned
writer by his Constitution of the Church of the Future;
trans., 1847, p. 8vo. Memoirs of the Duchies of Schleswig
and Holstein, 1848, p. Svo. Hippolytus and his Age; or
The Chris. Church of the Third Century, 1852, 4 vols. p. Svo.
Couch, John. Anabaptismarum; or Answer to a
Kentish Anabaptist, made in the year 1649, Lon., 1650, 4to.
Couch, Jonathan. Illustrations of Instinct, Lon.,
1847, p. Svo.
"This volume is full of anecdote which must delight readers of
all ages, and is written in a most popular and unpretending style."
-Britannia.
Couch, Robert. Praxis Catholica, by C. Pack, 1680.
Couchman, Giles. An Exhortation or Warninge,
to beware of greater Plagues and Troubles than are yet
come vpon this Realme, for the Sinnes and Wickedness
that has been, and is yet dayly committed therein. Lon.,
1551, 8vo.
Coues, Samuel Elliot. Outlines of a System of
Mechanical Philosophy; being a Research into the Laws
of Force, Boston, 1851, 12mo.
"We heartily commend this work to philosophical inquirers, as
one full of strength, beauty, and originality, and eminently en-
titled to their attention."-GEORGE RIPLEY.
Couleius, Abrahamus. See Cowley.
Couling, Nich. The Saints Perfect in this Life or
never, Lon., 1647, 12mo.
Coulson, William, Surgeon to the Magdalen Hos-
pital, London. Diseases of the Bladder and Prostate
Gland, 4th ed., 1852, Svo.
"We strongly recommend it to the attention and perusal of our
readers."-Lon. Lancet.
Deformities of the Chest and Spine, 2d ed., 1839, p. 8vo.
Diseases of the Hip Joint, 2d ed., 1841. New ed. of Lau-
rence's trans. of Blumenbach's Manual of Comparative
Anatomy.
"The most useful elementary work on Comparative Anatomy
which we yet possess is the Short System of Professor Blumen-
bach."-Sup. to Encyc: Brit., art. Animal Anatomy.
Trans. of Edwards's Manual of Surgical Anatomy.
"The work contains a great deal of practical information, which
cannot fail to be interesting to the student and practitioner. The
translation is well executed, and Mr. Coulson has increased its
value by the addition of notes containing information derived
from the records of both English aud German surgery."-Lon.
Med. and Phys. Jour.
Coult, Nich. Patterne of True Repentance, 1595.
Coultas, Harland. Principles of Botany, as exempli-
fied in the Cryptogamia, with Illus., Phila., 1853, 12mo.
Coulter, John, M.D. Adventures in the Pacific,
Dubl., 1845, p. 8vo. Adventures on the Western Coast
Adventures on the Western Coast
of South America, and in the Interior of California, Lon.,
1847, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
"Every page teems with adventure of the most extraordinary
and most racy kind."-Lon. Noval and Milt. Gaz.
the other old voyagers."-Jerrold's Puper.
“In energy and power of observation it resembles Dampier and
Coulthard, Clara. Poems, 16mo. Rhymes for an
Hour, 1842, 18mo. Prayers and Hymns, 1845, 18mo.
Coulthart, J. R. Decimal Interest Table, Lon., 8vo.
Coulthurst, H. W., D.D. Sermon, 1796.
Coulton, David Trevena. Inquiry into the Au-
thorship of the Letters of Junius. Fortune: a Story of
London Life, 3 vols. p. 8vo, 1853.
"All is reality about it: the time. the characters, and the inci-
dents. In its reality consist its charm and its merit. It is, in-
deed. an extraordinary work, and has introduced to the world of
fiction a new writer of singular ability, with a genius more like that
of Bulwer than any to whom we can compare it."-Lon. Critic.
Coulton, James Trevena. Doctrine of the Bible,
1805, 8vo.
Counsell, George. Midwifery, Lon., 1752, 12mo.
Couper, Catherine M. A. Visits to Beechwood
Farm, Lon., 1847, 16mo. Lucy's Half Crown, 18mo.
Trans. of Wm. Von Humboldt's Letters to a Female Friend.
"Remarkable letters."- Westminster Review.
the English tongue."-Lon. Critic.
"We have seldom read such a rendering of German thought into
Couper, Robert, M.D. Poetry, chiefly in the Scottish
Language, 1802, 2 vols. 12mo. Med. Treatise, 1803, Svo.
The Tourifications of Malachi Meldrum, 1803, 2 vols. 12mo.
Hist. of Brit. Isles, 1807, Svo.
Courayer, Peter Francis, 1681-1776, a French
divine of the Roman Catholic Church, after a careful ex-
amination became satisfied of the validity of the orders of
the Church of England, and drew up a treatise entitled,
Dissertation sur la validité des Ordinations des Anglois,
et sur la Succession des Evêques de l'Eglise Anglicane:
avec les preuves justificatives des faits avancez dans cet
ouvrage; printed at Nancy (though Brussels appears on
the title) in 1723, 2 vols. 8vo. It was trans. into English
by the Rev. Daniel Williams, and pub. in Lon., 1725, Sro;
2d ed., 1727; new ed., Oxf., 1844, Sro. In 1726 Couray
pub. a Défence de la Dissertation, &c., Brux., 4 vols. 12mo.
The Défence was also trans. by Williams, Lon., 1728,
2 vols. Svo. The new Oxf. ed. noticed above does not
contain the "Défence." In 1727 he received the degree
of D.D. from the University of Oxford. Being subjected
to much censure at home on account of this work, and
anticipating personal danger, he took refuge in England.
where he resided from 1728 until his death in 1776. He
attended the services of the Church of England, but never
renounced the communion of the Church of Rome. He
pub. a Letter to Card. de Noailles, Lon., 1728, Svo, trans.
of Father Paul's Hist. of the Council of Trent, 1736, 2 vols.
fol., and a trans. of Sleidan's Hist. of the Reformation,
1767, 3 vols. 4to. His declaration of his last sentiments
on the subject of religion was pub. in French, by W. Bell,
D.D., in 1787, Svo, (also pub. in English,) and a Treatise
on the Trinity, in French, appeared in 1810.
Courcy, Richard De. See DE COURCY.
Coureen. Catastrophe, &c. rel. to E. I. Company, 1644
Court. Trans. of Josephus, Lon., 1733, fol.
Courtail, John. Serm., Lon., 1760, 4to.
Courtenay, Charles. Ereston; a Novel, 1809, 2 vols..
Trans. of Boucharlat's
Courtenay, Edward H.
Mechanics, with addits. and emendations, New York, Svo..
Courtenay, Henry Reignald, Bishop of Bristol,
Charge, 1796, 4to.
1794; translated to Exeter, 1797. Fast Serm., 1795, 4to.
Courtenay, John, M.P., 1741?-1816, a native of
Ireland. Commission of the Treasury, 1806. Poetical
Review of the Literary and Moral Character of Dr. Saml
Johnson, 1786, 4to. Philos. Reflec. on the French Revo-
lution, in a Letter to Dr. Priestley, 1790, Svo.
"Mr. Courtenay is a true believer in the Horatian precept: no
one more frequently substitutes the ridiculum for the acre, nor
comes to the discussion of grave matters with a more laughing
countenance.”—Lon, Monthly Review, 1790.
Manners, Arts, and Politics of France and Italy, in Po-
etical Epistles, 1792, 93, 1794, Svo. Poet. and Philos.
Essay on the French Revolution, addressed to Mr. Burke,
1793, Svo.
Courtenay, Rt. Hon. Thomas Peregrine, M.P.
Obs. on the American Treaty, being a Contin. of the Let-
ters of Decius, 1808, Svo. State of the Nation, 1811, Svo.
Treatise on the Poor Laws. 1818, 8vo. Letter to Lord
Grenville on the Sinking Fund, 1828. Sir William Temple,
his Life and Times, with his Unpub. Essays and Corresp.,
1836, 2 vols. 8vo.
will no doubt find a place in every sterling collection."-Lon Lit.
"It is in every sense an important addition to the library, and.
Gazelle.
485
COU
COW
"Fairly entitled to the praise of diligence, care, good sense, and
Impartiality.”—T. B. MACAULAY: see Edin. Rev., Oct. 1838.
Commentaries on the Hist. Plays of Shakspeare, 1840,
2 vols. p. Svo.
An almost inseparable companion to Shakspeare's Plays..
The production of a scholar and a gentleman of refined taste and
acute judgment.”—Lon Literary Gazette.
Courthope, Sir William. Synopsis of the Extinct
Baronetage of England, Lon., 1835, p. 8vo.
"A most useful book of reference to the genealogist, the
quarian, and the lawyer."
Coventry, Sir William, M.P., 1626–1686, youngest
son of Lord Keeper Coventry, educated at Queen's College,
anti-Oxford, filled several public posts with great credit. Eng-
land's Appeal from the Cabal at Whitehall to Parliament,
Lon., 1673, 4to. Letter to Bishop Burnet resp. Cardinal
Pole, Abbey Lands, &c., 1685, 4to. Character of a Trim-
mer, 1st ed., anon.; 2d, 1689, 12mo; 1697. Wood and
some later authorities ascribe the Character of a Trimmer
to Sir William, but the credit has been transferred to the
Marquis of Halifax and others.
This piece is in the Miscellanies of the Marquis of Halifax,
whose mother was sister to Sir William Coventrie.”-LOVEDAY. See
Echard, and Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., iv. 193.
"It will be seen that I believe Halifax to have been the author,
or at least one of the authors, of the Character of a Trimmer,
which, for a time, went under the name of his kinsman, Sir William
Coventry.”—Macaulay's Hist. of England. Read Mr. M.'s admi-
rable sketch of the character of Halifax.
Courtier, Peter L. Poems, &c., Lon., 1795–1813.
Courtney, Mrs. Isabinda, a Novel, 1796, 3 vols. 12mo.
Courtney, John. 1. Serm. 2. Parish Registers,
1812, Svo.
Cousin. See COSIN.
Coustos, John. Sufferings in Inquisition, 1746.
Couteau, J. B. Confessions of, Lon., 1794, 2 vols.
12mo;-A satire of the depravity of French manners,
written by Robt. Jephson.
Couton, John. The English Gil Blas; or, the Ad-
ventures of Gabriel Tangent, Lon., 1807, 3 vols.
Coutts, Robert, born 1803, of Brechin, Scotland.
Serms., 2d ed., Lon., 1808, 8vo; 3d ed., Edin., 1847, 12mo.
Cove, Augustus. Tocsin Sounded, 1813, Svo.
}
Cove, Morgan, Preb. of Hereford. Revenues of
the Ch. of England, Lon., 1797, 8vo; 1816. Inquiry resp.
Tithes, 1800, 8vo.
Covel, John, D.D., 1638-1722, Fellow of Christ
Church, Cambridge, and Master, 1688, resided 7 years at
Constantinople, as Chaplain to the Embassy. Account of
the present Greek Church, Camb., 1722, fol.
Covell, L. T., an American author. Prim. Grammar,
1814. Digest of Eng. Grammar, 1852; adopted by many
schools.
Defence of Hooker's Eccles. Po-
Defence of Hooker's Eccles. Po-
Examination of some things in
Answer to an Apology by John
Covell, William.
lity, Lon., 1603, 4to.
Ch. of Eng., 1604, 4to.
Burges, 1606, 4to.
Covell, William. 1. Letter. 2. Proclamation, Lon.,fol.
Coven, Stephen. The Militant Christian, 1781, 12mo.
Coventry, Andrew, M.D., d. 1830, was Professor of
Agriculture in the University of Edinburgh. Discourse
explanatory of the nature and plan of a course of lectures
on Agriculture and Rural Economy, Edin., 1808, Svo.
Observations on Live Stock, in a letter to Henry Clive,
Esq., 8vo. Notes on the culture and cropping of Arable
Land, 1812, Svo.
"The professional life of the author was distinguished by much
sound information and a very discreet judgment."-Donaldson's
Agricult. Biog.
Coventry, Lord. Journal of his Embassy, Sav.,
1667, 4to.
Coventry, Francis, d. 1759, educated at Magdalen
College, Cambridge, Curate of Edgeware. Penhurst, a
Poem, 1750; repub. in Dodsley's Collec. Absurdities of
Modern Gardening; a paper pub. in The World. Pompey
the Little, a Satirical Romance, 1751.
"Pompey is the hasty production of Mr. Coventry, (cousin to
him you know,) a young clergyman. I found it out by three cha-
racters, which made part of a comedy that he shewed me, of his
own writing."-Gray, the Poet, to Horace Walpole.
Coventry, Henry, d. 1752, referred to by Mr. Gray
as a cousin of the preceding, a Fellow of Magdalen Col-
lege, pub. Letters of Philemon to Hydaspes, relating a
Conversation with Hortensius upon the Subject of False
Religion, in 5 parts, Lon., 1736, 37, 38, '41, '44, Svo. Ie
was also one of the writers of the Athonian Letters.
Coventry, Thomas, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
of England temp. Charles II., 1578-1640. Answer to the
Petition against Recusants. Fees of C. Pleas, Chancery,
&c. Prothonotary's and Chancery Fees, 1644, 12mo. Wood
enumerates 9 speeches of his lordship, 1625, '26, '27, '28;
and other papers of his occur among the Harleian MSS.:
see Nos. 2207 and 3305.
Coventry, Thomas. A New and Readable Edition
of Coke upon Littleton, Lon., 1830, 8vo.
"Certain parts regarded as antiquated are omitted, which we
regard, however, as a defect more than a recommendation."-Hoff
man's Legal Study,
Concise Forms in Conveyancing, 4th ed., Lon., 1831,
12mo.
"The attempt to shorten Conveyances by legislative enactment
is hopeless; it must be left to the good sense and honour of the
Conveyancer.”—Sugden's Answer to Humphreys.
T. C. and Samuel Hughes, Analytical Digested Index
to the Common Law Reports, Hen. III. to George III.,
Lon., 1828, 2 vols. 8vo; Phila., 1832.
Other legal compilations. In a notice of his Convey-
ancer's Evidence, Lon., 1832, 8vo, in the Law Magazine,
somne faults are noticed, and the following compliment
passed upon Mr. Coventry's publications generally:
"In London his books have long since found their level, and no
books could find a lower one.”
"This Digest is very well arranged, and will answer as a pretty
good substitute for the Old Reports."-Murvin's Legal Bibl.
The Character of a Trimmer has been reprinted by Dun-
can, a London publisher.
Coverdale, Miles, 1487-1568, a native of Yorkshire,
was educated at the house of the Augustine friars at Cam-
bridge. He became an Augustine monk, and was ordained
at Norwich in 1514. He afterwards embraced the princi-
ples of the Reformation, and was one of its most zealous
promoters. In 1532 he was abroad, and assisted Tyndale
in his trans. of the Bible. In 1535, fol., appeared his own
trans. of the Scriptures, being the first impression of the
whole Bible in English. An account of this version, and
the sources from which it is drawn, will be found in Mr.
Whittaker's Inquiry into the Interpretations of the Scrip-
tures, and a bibliographical account of the original edit.
is prefixed to a reprint in 1838, 4to. Mr. Lowndes could
only discover one perfect copy. One nearly perfect is in
the British Museum.
the British Museum. A copy with the title and two fol-
lowing leaves in facsimile was sold at auction for £89 58.
In 1538 a quarto New Testament in the Vulgate Latin, and
Coverdale's English was pub. So anxious was he to dis-
seminate a knowledge of the word of God, that in the same
year he again visited the Continent, to superintend a new
edit. of the Bible, as it could be printed cheaper and better
in Paris. 2500 copies were struck off, when the Inquisi-
tion interfered, and committed them to the flames. Tho
presses, types, and printers were transferred to England,
and in 1539 Cranmer's, or the Great Bible, was issued from,
the office of Grafton and Whitchurch. For many years
Coverdale now enjoyed the opportunity of labouring for
the spiritual enlightenment of his countrymen. As a
preacher he was in high esteem with the people; his valuo
he was raised to the see of Exeter. Upon the accession
was recognised by those in authority, also; and in 1551
of Mary, in 1553, he was deprived of his bishopric, cast
into prison, and confined for two years.
When released,
he visited the Continent, where he remained until Eliza-
beth became Queen of England. Coverdale now returned
to England, and brought home some notions of the Geneva
school with regard to vestments, which were not calculated
to recommend him to preferment. Bishop Grindal, who
ineffectually endeavoured to aid him at court, collated him
to the rectory of St. Magnus, near old London Bridge,
which he retained until 1556, shortly before his death.
His publications were chiefly translations from the
writings of the foreign Reformers. A list, taken princi-
pally from Ames and Herbert, will be found in Chalmers's
Biog. Dict., and in Watt's Bibl. Brit. Of his Letters of
the Martyrs, 1564, a new edit. was pub. by Rev. E. Bick-
ersteth in 1837, Lon., 8vo. Writings and translations,
edit. for the Parker Society, by the Rev. George Pearson,
Camb., 1844, 8vo. Remains, 1846, Svo. Trans. of a Spi-
ritual Pearl, Lon., 1838, 18mo, and in Richmond's Fathers,
viii. 793. Also see his
Also see his writings in Brit. Reformers, xii.
See Bale and Tanner; Strype's Life of Cranmer; Parker
Memorials; Annals; Biog. Brit.
Coverley, Sir Roger de. A Cure for the Spleen;
or, Amusement for a Winter's Evening, Anver., 1775, 8vo.
Covert, Nicholas. Scriviner's Guide, 1716, 2 vols. 8vo.
Coverte, Captain Robert. A trve and almost in-
credible Report of an Englishman that travelled by Land
through many vnknowne Kingdomes and great Cities, Lon.,
1612, 4to. Reprinted in Osborne's Voyages, ii. 236; 1745.
Cowan, Andrew, M.D. General Education, 1803,
2 vols.
136
COW
COW
Cowan, Charles. Article "Paper" in Encyc. Brit., his Love's Riddle, a pastoral comedy, and a Latin comedy
7th edit.
called Naufragium Joculare, or the Merry Shipwreck.
"Written without due attention to the ancient models; for it is
not loose verse, but mere prose."
In 1643 he was, with others, ejected from Cambridge by
parliamentary influence, and retired to St. John's College,
Oxford. In the same year he pub. a satire entitled, The
Puritan and the Papist. Whilst referring to his residence
at Oxford, it may be proper to state by anticipation, that
in 1657 the university granted him the degree of M.D.,
but he never practised as a physician. His loyalty and
wit recommended him to the favourable notice of the court,
and when Oxford was surrendered to the Parliament,
Cowley attended the queen to Paris, where he was secre-
tary to the Earl of St. Alban's, and agent of correspond-
ence, by means of cypher, between Charles I. and his con-
sort. He remained abroad between 10 and 12 years, and
in various ways was zealously devoted to the royal inte-
rests, which fidelity excited no unreasonable expectations
of reward at the Restoration. The profligate Charles,
however, like most profligates, was too fond of his own
ease to care for the comfort of others, and valued the last
pleasure above the first friend. A real or pretended offence
pleasure above the first friend.
at his comedy-The Cutter of Coleman Street-a new
edition of his old play of The Guardian-afforded an ex-
cuse to the court party for neglecting his claims upon the
royal favour. The disappointed poet, after an unsuccess-
ful "Complaint" (in an ode so called) of this ingratitude.
-in which he declared that his desire was "to retire to
some of the American plantations, and forsake the world
forever" - concluded to retire to a plantation nearer
home, and took up his residence first at Barn Elms, and
subsequently at Chertsey. He found a country life more
delightful in anticipation than in reality: his country neigh-
bours were as debauched in their morals as the roysters
of London, his tenants refused to pay him his rents, and
his grass was devoured at night by strange cattle quartered
upon the London gentleman by the innocent rustics whore
guileless simplicity and honest virtues have so often in-
spired the poetic muse. After a residence at Chertsey of
about two years, be caught a severe cold, attended with a
fever, which proved fatal July 28, 1667, in his 49th year.
Sprat's account of the circumstances connected with his
last days differs from that in Spence's Anecdotes, but this
is a point in which minute accuracy is not always to be
expected. Sprat certainly had the best means of knowing
the truth. When the ungrateful king heard of his death.
he declared that he had not left a better man behind
him;" but
|
"A luminous and accurate account of the newest processes and
the most improved machinery used in the manufacture of this ar
ticle."-Birmingham Herald.
Cowan, Charles, M.D. Trans. of Louis on Con-
sumption, Lon., 8vo.
"An excellent translation ofa most excellent work.”—Løm.Lancel.
Phrenology consistent with Science and Religion, 1841,
12mo. Bedside Manual, 2d ed., 1842, 18mo.
Cowan, James, 1738-1795. Serms., Edin., 1795, 8vo.
Coward, John. The Gospel Preached, &c., Lon.,
The Gospel Preached, &c., Lon.,
1803, 8vo.
Coward, William, of Walthamstow, founded a Lec-
ture, at which Hubbard, Guyse, Godwin, and others
preached. 12 Serms., Lon., 1729, 8vo; Christ's Loveli-
ness and Glory. 54 Serms., 1757, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Highly and deservedly esteemed.”—Dr. E. WILLIAMS.
Coward, William, M.D., 1656-1725, educated at
Hart Hall and Wadham College, Oxford, trans. Dryden's
Absalom and Achitophel in Latin, and pub. some medical
and poetical works. His Licentia Poetica discussed, ap-
peared in 1709, 8vo. He is best known, however, by his
Second Thoughts concerning the Human Soul, by Estibius
Psychalettres, 1702; 2d ed., 1704, 8vo. This work was
answered by William Nichols, in his Conference with a
Theist, 1698-1703; by John Broughton, in his Psychologia,
1703; and by John Turner, in his Vindication of the
separate Existence of the Soul, 1703. Coward answered
Turner in his Further Thoughts upon Second Thoughts,
and Broughton in an Epistolary Reply annexed to his
Grand Essay. The work which excited this controversy
was burnt by the common hangman in 1704, by order of
Parliament.
•
It is an elaborate defence of the doctrine of materialism, and
is mentioned in this place because of the quantity of critical dis-
quisition on passages of Scripture which it contains."-Orme's
Bibl. Bib.
Dr. Coward strongly affirmed that he never intended to
promulgate any sentiments contrary to religion and mo-
rality.
Cowdry, Richard. Pictures, &c. at Wilton House,
1751.
Cowe, James. Serm., &c., 1797-1806.
Cowell, J. W. Letters on Currency, Lon., 1843, Svo.
Cowell, John, 1554-1611, educated at King's Col-
lege, Cambridge. Institutiones juris Anglicani, &c., Can-
tab., 1605, Svo. Written after the method of Justinian's
Institutes. Law Dictionary, 1607, fol. This was thought
This was thought
to attack the principles of the Common Law, and was
publicly burned: many edits, and continued.
"It is an excellent glossary to Coke, Littleton, and the old law-
books, and will be found of considerable utility to a modern stu-
dent of English law and antiquities." See Marvin's Legal Bibl.;
1 Kent's Com., 508.
•
Cowell, John. The Snare Broken, 1677, Svo.
Cowell, John, a gardener. Account of the Olive in
Blossom; containing an account of the Torch Thistle,
part ii. p. 33; of the Glastonbury Thorn, part ii. p. 44,
Lon., 1729, Svo. The Curious and Profitable Gardener,
1730, 32, Svo.
Cowen, E. Civil Jurisdiction of Justices of the Peace
of the State of New York, 2 vols. Svo, 1844. New York
Reports, 1823-28, 9 vols. 8vo, 1824-30. Digested Index
of Reports, 1831, Svo. Ed. Phillipps on Evidence, 5 vols.,
1850.
"I have long considered Mr. Phillipps's work on Evidence as
the most thorough, accurate, and able that I have ever seen; and
1 have used it more constantly than any other."-JOSEPH STORY.
Cowen, Sidney J. 2d ed. of E. Cowen's Justice, 1841.
Cowif, George. Dissenter's Guide, 1799.
Cowlard. Republication of Devises, Lon., 1833, 8vo.
Cowley, Captain. Voyage round the Globe. See
Hacke's Voyages, vol. i. 1699, and Harris's Voyages, 1702.
Voyage to Magellanica and Polynesia, 1683. See Callan-
der's Voyages, ii. 582, 1766.
|
In 1636 he was removed to Trinity College, Cambridge,
where he continued h's poetical pursuits. In 1638 he pub.
"Can Flattery soothe the dull. cold ear of Death?"
We return to his works. In 1647 he pub. his Mistress,
remarking in his preface, that
"Poets are scarcely thought freemen of their company, without
paying some duties, or obliging themselves to be true, to Love.”
Upon his return to England, in 1656, he pub. a new edit.
of all his poems, consisting of four parts; viz.: 1. Mis-
cellanies. 2. The Mistress; or Love Verses. 3. Pindaric
David. In 1660 appeared An Ode upon the Blessed Re-
Odes. 4. Davideis; a Heroical Poem of the Troubles of
storation of King Charles II. This title reminds us forci-
bly of Barrow's admirable Epigram:
"Te magis optavit rediturum, Carole, nemo,
Et nemo sensit te rediisse minus!”
"Thy restoration, royal Charles, I see,
By none more wished, by none less felt, than me!"
|
In 1661 he pub. his Proposition for the Advancement
of Experimental Philosophy. Whilst in England he wrote
his two Books of Plants, pub. first in 1662. To these he
afterwards added four more books, and all the six, together
with his other Latin poems, were printed in 1678, Svo,
after his death, under the title of Poemata Latina, viz. :
Plantarum, lib. vi. cum Notis; Herborum, Florum, et Syl-
varum, lib. ii.; Miscellaneorum, unus; quibus premittitur
Autoris vita, per T. Sprat conscripta.
66
Botany, in the mind of Cowley, turned into poetry."-Dr,
JOHNSON.
"The two first books treat of Herbs, in a style resembling the
elegies of Ovid and Tibullus; the two next, of Flowers, in all the
variety of Catullus and Horace's numbers, and the two last, of
Trees, in the way of Virgil's Georgies."-DR. SPRAT.
Cowley, Abraham, M.D., 1618-1667, a poet of great
eminence, was a native of London, where his father was a
grocer. His taste for poetry was awakened by a perusal
of the poems of Spenser, which he had devoured with
great zest before he was 12 years of age. When only three
years older, being then at Westminster School, he pub. a A later critic has questioned the extent of Dr. Cowley's
volume of poems, containing, with other pieces, the tragi-acquaintance with the modern botanical authors, who would
cal History of Pyramus and Thishe, written at the age of have proved the most useful to his researches in point of
ten, and Constantia and Philetus, composed two years
accurate knowledge.
ater. This volume was entitled Poetical Blossoms.
"In which there were many things that might well become the
*igour and force of a manly wit."-DR. SPRAT.
Cowley's History of Plants, with Rapin's Disposition of
Gardens, a Poem, in 4 Books, was pub. in English in 1795,
12mo: the former trans. by N. Tate and others, the latter
by James Gardiner. The Iron Age, pub. 1656 and 1675.
Svo, was disclaimed by Cowley. The Poem on the late
437
COW
COW
|
Civil War appeared in 1679, 4to. A Discourse, by Way
of Vion, concerning the Government of Oliver Crom-
well, pub. 1661, 4to, is commended by Bishop Hurd as one
of the best of its author's prose works. It will be found
in vol. v. of the Harleian Miscellany. Cowley's Works,
1669; with Life by Thomas Sprat, D.D., 1680, 12mo;
many edits.: 1710-11, 3 vols. 8vo; 12th ed., 1721, 2 vols.
12mo. Select Works, with a Preface and Notes by the
Editor, Bishop Hurd, 1772-77, 3 vols. p. Svo. Prose Works,
including his Essays in Prose and Verse, 1826, cr. Svo.
The edit. of the Poetical Blossomes, 1633, 4to, is of great-Bing. Dramatica.
value if it have the portrait of the author; Bibl. Anglo-
Poet. 140, with two portraits of Cowley, £16. Cowley's
prose writings, occupying about 60 folio pages, consist
principally of his Essays, which are of a high order of
merit. They have none of the affectation and love of con-
ceit which often disfigure his poetry.
"The Essays must not be forgotten. What is said by Sprat of
his conversation, that no man could draw from it any suspicion of
his excellence in poetry, may be applied to these compositions. No
author ever kept his verse and his prose at a greater distance from
each other. His thoughts are natural, and his style has a smooth
and placid equability, which has never yet obtained its due com-
mendation. Nothing is far-sought, or hard-laboured; but all is
easy without feebleness, and familiar without grossness."-DR.
JOHNSON.
To Cowley we may justly ascribe the formation of a basis on
which has since been constructed the present correct and admira-
ble fabric of our language. His words are pure and well chosen,
the collocation simple and perspicuous, and the members of his
sentences distinct and harmonious.”—Dr. DraKE,
..
Read the Essays "Of Myself," "Poetry and Poets,"
and "Of Procrastination." The "Vision of Oliver Crom-
well" may also be mentioned as a noble specimen of a
dignified yet graceful style:
6.
Cowley's character of Oliver Cromwell, which is intended as a
satire, (though it certainly produces a very different impression on
the mind,) may vie for truth of outline and force of colouring with
the masterpieces of the Greek and Latin historians."-HAZLITT.
Of his poetical pieces, the general favourites will be found
among the Anacreontics and the Miscellanies. The lines
on the death of Harvey, and the Elegy on Crashaw, the
Ode on Wit, the Chronicle, and the verses to Davenant,
have been greatly admired. The wit by which Cowley
was so highly distinguished is of a character which pos-
sesses but little charms save for the poet's own generation.
But by that generation, and for some years after his death,
he was lauded to a degree which appears to modern readers
very extravagant.
"These times have produced many excellent poets, among whom,
for strength of wit, Dr. Abraham Cooley [Cowley] justly bears the
bell."-From Baxter's Prefatory Address to his Poetical Fragments,
1681.
"Clarendon represents him as having taken a flight beyond all
that went before him; and Milton is said to have declared, that
the three greatest English poets were Spenser, Shakspeare, and
Cowley.... It has been observed by Felton, in his Essay on the
Classics, that Cowley was beloved by every Muse that he courted;
and that he has rivalled the Ancients in every kind of poetry but
Tragedy."
Even in Pope's days, how sadly was the once great
Cowley neglected!
"Who now reads Cowley? If he pleases yet,
His moral pleases, not his pointed wit:
Forgot his epic, nay, Pindaric art,
But still I love the language of his heart."
Charles Lamb, in a Letter to Coleridge, refers to the
general neglect of the accomplished author of Poetical
Blossomnes:
which met with such success as to encourage er to urther
attempts. Her works principally consist of dramatio
pieces; among which are Who's the Dupe? 1779; The
Belle's Stratagem, 1780; A Bold Stroke for a Husband, &c.
See a list of her 14 pieces in Biog. Dramat. Her Poems,
The Maid of Arragon, The Scottish Village, and the Siege
of Acre, have been highly commended. An edit. of her
Works, with a memoir, was pub. in 1813, 3 vols. 8vo.
"In her writings, nothing was laboured; all was spontaneous
effusion: she had nothing of the drudgo of literature; and famo
was not half as much her object as the pleasure of composition."
i
Cowley, J. Sailor's Companion, Lon., 1740, 12mo.
Cowley, John L. Geometry made Easy, Lon., 1752,
8vo; new ed., by Wm. Jones, 1787. On Comets, 1757, 8vo.
App. to Euclid's Elements, 1759, 4to. Theory of Per-
spective Demonstrated, 1766, 4to.
❤
Cowper, Allan. Assize Sermon, 1722, Svo.
Cowper, Charles. Sermon, Lon., 1763, 4to.
Cowper, Henry. Reports of Cases C. K. B., Lon.,
1783, fol.; 2d ed., 1800, 2 vols. 8vo. 1st Amer. ed., Bost.,
1809, 2 vols.; N. York, 2 vols. in 1, by J. P. Hall, 1833.
"A very accurate and valuable collection."
Cowper, James, M.D. Narrative of the effects of a
celebrated medicine, Lon., 1760, 8vo.
Cowper, John. Sermon, 1752, Svo.
Cowper, Robert. See COUPER.
Cowper, Spencer, D.D., 1713-1774, second son of
the Lord High Chancellor Cowper, was educated at Exeter
College, Oxford. He became Rector of Fordwich, Pre-
bendary of Canterbury, and Dean of Durham. Speech,
1752, 4to. Serm., 1753, 4to. Discourse, 1773, Svo. Dis-
sertation on the distinct Powers of Reason and Revelation,
1773, Svo.
Cowper, William, 1566–1619, Bishop of Galloway,
was educated at the University of St. Andrews. Before
his elevation to the episcopate, he preached 8 years at
Bothkennar, in Sterlingshire, and 19 years at Perth. His
works, consisting of serms., expositions of the 51st and
119th Psalms, and theolog. treatises, pub. 1611, '12, '13,
14, '16, and '18, were collected in 1623, fol.
cludes a Comment. on Revelation, then first pub. His
sermons have been highly praised:
This vol. in-
..
Perhaps superior to any sermons of that age. A vein of prac
tical piety runs through all his evangelical instructions; the style
is remarkable for ease and fluency; and the illustrations are strik-
ing and happy.”—Dr. McCRIE.
Dr. McCrie's character of the sermons will apply to the expo-
sitions.”—ORME.
"In all our comparisons of taste, I do not know whether I have
ever heard your opinion of a poet very dear to me, though now out
of fashion-Cowley."
The reader will find an admirable criticism upon the
works of this once famous author, in Dr. Johnson's Lives
of the English Poets, an extract from which may appro-
priately conclude our article:
"It may be affirmed, without any encomiastic fervour, that he
brought to bis labours a mind with
that his pages are embellished with all the ornaments which books
could supply; that he was the first who imparted to English
numbers the enthusiasm of the greater ode, and the gayety of the
less; that he was equally qualified for sprightly sallies and for
lofty flights: that he was among those who freed translation from
servility, and, instead of following his author at a distance, walked
by his side; and that, if he left versification yet improvable, he
left likewise, from time to time, such specimens of excellence as
enabled succeeding poets to improve it."
Read an eloquent paper by Mr. Macaulay in his Miscel-
lanies, entitled A Conversation between Mr. Abraham
Cowley and Mr. John Milton, touching the great Civil
War: set down by a Gentleman of the Middle Temple.
Cowley, Hannah, 1743-1809, the daughter of Philip
Parkhouse, of Tiverton, in Devonshire, was married in
her 25th year to Captain Cowley, of the East India Com- 17
pany. In 1776 she produced the Runaway, a Comedy,
"An excellent writer-full of devotion, Christian experience, and
consolation."-BICKERSTETH.
Cowper, William. Catalogue of the Chemical Works
written in English; in 3 parts, Lon., 1672, 75, 8vo.
Cowper, William. Charge at the General Quarter
Sessions of the City and Liberty of Westminster, Oct. 19,
1719, Svo. The same, April, 1730, 8vo. The same, June,
1736. Svo.
Cowper, William, 1666-1709, a surgeon and anato-
mist of eminence, was a native of Hampshire. Myotamia
Reformata; or A New Administration of all the Muscles
of the Human Body, Lon., 1694, Svo; an edit. by Dr.
Mead, with an Introduction on Muscular Motion, 1724.
The Anatomy of Human Bodies: illustrated with 114 cop-
per-plates, Oxf., 1698, fol. The publication of this work
led to a warm controversy with Godfrey Bidloo, the Ger-
man anatomist.
man anatomist. The latter accused Cowper of using his
plates. Cowper contributed many papers to Phil. Trans
1694, '96, 1702, '03, '05, '12.
Cowper, William, M.D., d. 1767, practised physic at
Chester, England. Life of St. Werburgh, 1749, 4to. This
is said to have been stolen from the MSS. of Mr. Stone.
The Doctors Cowper seem to have had a propensity for
availing themselves of the labours of others: see above.
Il Penseroso, 1767, 4to. Dr. C. prepared materials for his-
tories of the town and county of Chester, but death pre-
vented the completion of his labours.
Cowper, William, 1731–1800, one of the most emi-
nent of English poets, was the son of the Rev. John Cow-
per, Chaplain to Geo. II., and Rector of Berkhampstead,
Hertfordshire, where the subject of our memoir was born
on the 26th of November. His grandfather was the dis-
tinguished Hon. Spencer Cowper, Chief Justice of Chester,
and Judge in the Court of Common Pleas, and brother to
Earl Cowper, Lord High Chancellor of England. William
Cowper, deprived of a mother's care at the early age of six
years, was placed at the boarding-school of Dr. Pitnam,
Market street, Bedfordshire, where he remained for two
years. There being reason to fear that some unfavourable
symptoms would result in a loss of sight, he resided for
438
COW
Cow
(
two years in the house of a female oculist of great repu-
tation. When ten years of age he was sent to Westminster
School, where he remained for seven years, leaving with a
character for scholarship, especially in the classics. The
timid, sensitive character of the poet was but little suited
for the rude conflicts to which school-boys are often sub.
jected, and a portion of this season of life was embittered
to Cowper by a tyranny upon the part of a senior scholar
of the most intolerable character. Having selected the
profession of the law, Cowper was now articled for three
years to a Mr. Chapman, a solicitor of some eminence.
How assiduously he devoted himself to Blackstone, and
with what pleasing thraldom he submitted to the tenures
of Coke, may be gathered from the following honest con-
fession to his cousin, Lady Hesketh:
"The next day I went to church for the first time after my re-
"I did actually live three years with Mr. Chapman, a solicitor;
that is to say, I slept three years in bis house; but I lived, that is
to say, I spent my days, in Southampton Row, as you very well
remember. There was I, and the future Lord Chancellor, (Thur-covery. Throughout the whole service 1 had much to do to restrain
low,) constantly employed from morning till night in giggling and my emotions; so fully did I see the beauty and glory of the Lord.
making giggle, instead of studying law."
. Such was the goodness of the Lord, that he gave the oil of
•
joy for mourning, and the garments of praise for the spirit of hea
•
With such an apprenticeship, we need not be surprised
that, when at the age of 21 he took possession of a set of
chambers in the Temple, he neither sought business, nor
business sought him. It was at this early period of his life
It was at this early period of his life
that we first find strongly-marked indications of that ter-
rible mental malady, which to a greater or less degree held
its victim all his lifetime "subject to bondage" of the most
fearful and tormenting character. Upon this extremely
painful subject but little can be said-but little can be ex-
pected-in the brief limits to which we are confined. We
must, however, be allowed to enter our most decided pro-
test against the strange misapprehension-grounded upon
a deplorable ignorance both of the effects of religion, and
of the mental characteristics of Cowper--that the derange-
ment of this gifted man was either originated, developed,
or increased, by theological truths or theological errors.
The contrary to this has been often asserted and denied
at great length, and truly, we marvel as much at the un-
necessary prolixity of those who adopt and support the
negative, as we wonder at the obtuseness of those, who,
professing a knowledge of Cowper's mental history, stereo-
type their simplicity or dishonesty, by charging religion
with the unhappy gloom which enshrouds the halo of one
of the brightest suns of England's literary firmament.
Why should apologists waste the elaboration of argument
and fervours of eloquence upon a cause which unadorned
chronology can settle in a few lines decisively and forever?
If we cannot take Cowper's own testimony, we know not
whose should be admitted, for "What man knoweth the
things of a man save the spirit of a man?"
We assert then, first, that Cowper's derangement was not
in the most remote degree to be attributed to religious im-
pressions of any kind, true or erroneous.
We assert, secondly, that nothing but the soothing, re-
straining, and purifying influences of religion stood for
forty years between William Cowper and the madman's
cell, or the suicide's grave. In support of these assertions,
we appeal to the whole mental history of the unhappy
poet, to his own experience, and to the testimony of those
true friends whose unwearied kindness mitigated his suffer-
ings, ministered to his necessities, augmented his comforts,
and smoothed his dying pillow. Before leaving this sub-
ject, however, we will adduce one or two facts of simple
chronology, which may correct the misapprehensions of
some who lack time for the examination of the voluminous
testimony to which we have appealed.
Cowper informs us that in his earlier years (and long
after) he was entirely ignorant of any experience of a re-
ligious character, and even neglectful of the ordinary duties
of prayer and attendance upon public worship. Whilst a
student of law, he never attended church, unless when
visiting at his uncle's:
66
blessed name had never reached me. Now, therefore, a new scene
opened upon me. Conviction of sin took place, especially of that
just committed, [the attempt at suicide; the meanness of it, as
well as its atrocity, were exhibited to me in colours so inconceiva
bly strong, that I despised myself, with a contempt not to be im-
agined or expressed, for having attempted it."-Ibid.
We have asserted that religion alone stood between the
unhappy man and the grave of the suicide: can we make
our affirmation good? Cowper proceeds as follows:
• This sense of it secured me from the repetition of a crime, which
I could not now reflect on without horror."—Ib.
By this means I had indeed an opportunity of seeing the inside
of a church, whither I went with the family on Sundays, which
probably I should otherwise never have seen.”—Autobiography.
It was whilst thus utterly unforgetful of his Creator,
that
Did religion drive Cowper mad? Hear him further:
"The only thing that could promote and effectuate my cure was
yet wanting; an experimental knnoledge of the redemption which
is in Christ Jesus.”—Ib.
Does this look like Religious Insanity? This "only
thing yet wanting" was graciously imparted to the poor
sufferer,-and what was its effect upon him?
¿
1
•
"His residence at the Temple extended through eleven years.
In 1763—the last year of that residence—the offices of the Clerk of
the Journals. Reading Clerk, and Clerk of the Committees in the
House of Lords,—all which offices were at the disposal of a cousin
of Cowper's,-became vacant about the same tinie. The last two
nigh spent, and the gift was therefore so far acceptable. But the
were conferred on Cowper. His patrimony was by this time well-
duties attached to the offices of reading-clerk and clerk of the com-
mittees were duties which required that he should frequently ap-
pear before the House of Lords; and to him, who suffered from ex-
himself expresses it, mortal poison.' He, therefore, almost imme-
treme nervousness, a public exhibition of any kind was, as ho
diately after having accepted them, resigned those offices and took
that of clerk of the journals. But here. again, his cousin's right
of nomination having been questioned. Cowper was unexpectedly
required to submit himself to an examination at the bar of the
House before being allowed to take the office. Thus the evil from
bolt,' he writes, in his memoir of himself, would have been as
which he seemed to have escaped again met him. “A thunder-
welcome to me as this intelligence. . . . To require my attendance
at the bar of the House, that I might there publicly entitle myself
to the office, was in effect to exclude me from it. In the mean
time, the interest of my friend, the honour of his choice, my own
reputation and circumstances, all urged me forward, all pressed
me to undertake that which I saw to be impracticable.' Unceasing
was the anguish which he now suffered. He even looked forward
anxiously to the coming of insanity,—a constitutional tendency to
have a reason for throwing up the office; and, when the dreaded
which had manifested itself some years before, that he might
day drew near and he found himself still in possession of his
senses, he determined on the commission of suicide. His many
attempts to destroy himself all failed of success, owing, as he
pleased to explain it in his memoir, to direct interpositions of Pro-
vidence. The office was ultimately resigned upon the very day
appointed for the examination, and shortly afterwards he became
insane. He was immediately placed under the care of Dr. Cotton,
at St. Alban's, with whom he stayed until his recovery, which took
place about eighteen months after, in June, 1765.”—Knight's Eng.
Cyc., vol. ii., Div. Biography.
He settled at Huntingdon, where he formed an acquaint-
ance with the Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Unwin, who proved the
kindest of friends. He became an inmate of their man-
sion; and, upon the death of Mr. Unwin in 1767, he
removed with his widow to Olney, the residence of the
Rev. John Newton, who also became an attached and
valuable friend. The value of the judicious ministrations
of vigilant affection in cases of mental disorder cannot
be too highly estimated. A derangement of a com-
paratively trifling character may be tortured to madness
or soothed to a repose which precedes restoration, accord-
ing to the course of treatment to which the sufferer shall
be subjected. How weighty, then, the responsibility which
devolves upon those to whom the guardianship of the
afflicted appertains! For about eight years Cowper's men-
tal health was but little affected; but in 1773 the clouds
again settled over his mind, and for a period of ten years
it was more or less enveloped in darkness. In 1794 he
was again a victim to this horrid malady; and the death
of Mrs. Unwin in 1796-so long his faithful and devoted
nurse-added to his deep despondency. He gazed upon
her lifeless form, left the chamber of death, and was never
afterwards once heard to utter her name. In January,
1800, he betrayed alarming symptoms of declining health,
and, on the 25th of April following, his troubles were
ended by a change from a world in which he had so long
and so acutely suffered to the presence of that almighty
Being whom he had humbly served with the best offerings
of which a perturbed spirit and distracted mind wero
capable. All that enlightened human sympathy and de-
ously lavished upon one whose mental gloom was only to
voted Christian friendship could perform had been zeal-
be entirely dissipated by the brightness of that excelling
"I was struck, not long after my settlement in the Temple, with
such a dejection of spirits, as none but they who have felt the same
can have the least conception of. Day and night I was upon the
rack, lying dmvn in horror, and rising up in despair.”—Ibid.
At this time he was about 21 years of age. Undoubtedly
this was the commencement of the development of con-
stitutional insanity. Eleven years later he tells us,
|
"To this moment I had felt no concern of a spiritual kind. Igno-
rant of original sin, insensible of the guilt of actual transgression,
I understood neither the law nor the gospel; the condemning
nature of the one, nor the restoring mercies of the other. I was as
much unacquainted with Christ, in all his saving offices, as if his
-
1
439
COW
COW
giory which illumines the City of the living God. Such
priceless offices of love, such unwearied, self-sacrificing
devotion, can never be forgotten: the names of Unwin,
Hesketh, Austen, Johnson, Hayley, and Rose, must be
closely connected with the memory of William Cowper, so
long as the noblest qualities which adorn humanity are
valued among men. Having thus taken a rapid view of
the character of the man, we now proceed to a brief con-
sideration of the author.
Few men who commenced authorship at so late a period
of life have attained so large a measure of popularity in
their lifetime. When Cowper's first volume was given to
the world, he had seen more than fifty years. He lacked,
therefore, what had been considered almost indispensable
to the character of a poet-inexperience of the world, and
that freshness of feeling and fervour of thought which are
supposed to accompany the earlier stages of life. The
subjects, too, of his first volume, (1782, Svo,) were of too
didactic a character to arouse or gratify public curiosity
or literary interest. But little to charm the imagination,
But little to charm the imagination,
or delight the fancy, could be expected from the discussion
of The Progress of Error, Truth, Table Talk, Expostula-
tion, Hope, Charity, &c. It was evident, indeed, that
"Wisdom had prepared her Feast and uttered her Voice,"
but until the nature of man changes, she must continue to
"lift up her voice in the streets, and cry in the chief places
of concourse," ere she can gather around her the very few
who prefer instruction to amusement, and moral improve-
ment to mental dissipation.
But the applause of a few sages was more valuable than
the indifference of the children of the world; and Cowper
was more delighted at having pleased Johnson and Frank-
lin, than he would have been with the applause of Holland
House, and the adulation of half the fashionable assem-
blies of London, Mr. Hayley gives us his own opinion
of the merits of the volume in these words:
"It exhibits such a diversity of poetical powers as have been
given very rarely indeed to any individual of the modern or of
the ancient world."
By the influence of Lady Austen, who had previously
elicited the famous ballad of John Gilpin, Cowper was
induced to commence a new poem-The Task, which was
pub. in 1785. Its success was immediate, and almost un-
bounded. There were few, however opposed in their tastes,
who could not find something to charm them in the many
pleasing pictures and graphic sketches presented in this
volume.
"It is impossible to describe this fine poem better than by say.
ing that it treats, in a masterly way, of all that affects us here, or
influences us hereafter; that it pleads the cause of the poor and
the desolate in the presence of the rich; admonishes the rich of
their duty to their country, their cotters, and their God; takes the
senate to task; shakes the scourge of undying verse over the
pulpit; holds a mirror before the profligacy of cities till they shud-
der at their own shadow, and exhibits to the hills and dales of
the country, an image of the follies of their sons and daughters."
-ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog, and Crit. Hist. of Lit.
C
C
"Of all the verses that have been ever devoted to the subject of
domestic happiness, those in his Winter Evening, at the opening
of the fourth book of The Task, are perhaps the most beautiful.
In perusing that scene of intimate delights,' 'fire-side enjoy-
ments.' and 'home-born happiness,' we seem to recover a part of
the forgotten value of existence, when we recognise the means of
its blessedness so widely dispensed and so cheaply attainable, and
find them susceptible of description at once so enchanting and so
faithful."-Campbell: Essay on English Poetry.
"It contains a number of pictures of domestic comfort and so-
cial refinement which can hardly be forgotten but with the lan-
guage itself.”
"The Task is a poem of such infinite variety, that it seems to
include every subject, and every style, without any dissonance or
disorder; and to have flowed, without effort, from inspired philan-say,
thropy, eager to impress upon the hearts of all readers whatever
may lead them most happily to the full enjoyment of human life,
and to the final attainment of Heaven.”—HAYLEY.
Cowper's next production was the Tirocinium, intended,
as he tells us,
"To censure the want of discipline. and the scandalous inatten-
tion to morals, that obtain in public schools, especially in the
largest." &c.
In the same year, (1784,) he commenced his translation of
Homer, which was completed and pub. in 1791, 2 vols. 4to.
Not entirely satisfied with his performance, he commenced
a revision in 1792, and devoted his leisure time for several
years to the corrected version. It was pub. in 1802, 4 vols.
8vo, by J. Johnston. Very different opinions are enter-
tained both of the merit of the translation generally, and
of the respective excellencies or defects of the earlier and
later versions.
|
years before his death; not like the first translation, a pleasant
work, an innocent luxury,' but 'a hopeless employment,' a task to
the night.""
which he gave all his miserable days and often many hours of
Mr. Southey greatly prefers the former:
"The version he composed when his faculties were most active.
and his spirits least subject to depression, ought not to be super-
seded by a revisal, or rather reconstruction, undertaken three
Dr. Clarke appears to be of a different opinion :
"For fidelity, accuracy, and the true poetical fire, this corrected
edition of Cowper's Translation stands yet unrivalled."
Mr. Croker remarks that
"It is the fashion to call Cowper's translation 'a miserable fail-
ure,' but the more one reads it the better it seems to represent the
original than any other.”
We admire Mr. Cowper's abilities; some passages are executed
with great taste and spirit, and those that were difficult he has
happily elucidated."—Lon. Critical Review.
+
I long to know your opinion of Cowper's translation. The
the appearance of Phoebus at the beginning of the Iliad-lines
Odyssey, especially, is surely very Homeric. What nobler than
ending with Dread sounding-bounding on the silver bow??".
Charles Lamb to Coleridge.
"That the translation is a great deal more close and literal than
any that had previously been attempted in English verse, probably
it; that the style into which it is translated is a true English style,
will not be disputed by those who are the least disposed to admiro
though not perhaps a very elegant or poetical one, may also be as-
sumed; but we are not sure that a rigid and candid criticism will
go farther in its commendation."-LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Rev., ii. 85.
It is useless to venture any suppositions as to the cha-
racter which his intended life and edition of Milton would
have assumed. Certainly few men have been better quali-
fied for so arduous a task.
<
G
Of Cowper's minor poems, perhaps the best known are
the Lines addressed to his Mother's picture, and that in-
scribed to Mary, his faithful friend and nurse Mrs. Unwin.
The Olney Hymns, written in conjunction with Rev. John
Newton, have had a wide circulation, and doubtless proved
very useful. In 1803, '04, Mr. Hayley pub. A Life, and
the Posthumous Writings of Cowper, Chichester, 3 vols. 4to.
"The little Mr. Hayley writes in these volumes is by no means
with the strongest appearance of a sincere veneration and affec
well written, [but] with a very amiable gentleness of temper, and
tion for the departed friend to whose memory it is consecrated.”-
LORD JEFFREY.
In 1806 Mr. Hayley added Supplementary Pages to the
Life of Cowper, Chichester, 4to. In 1824 his Private Cor-
respondence with several of his most intimate friends, from
the originals in the possession of his kinsman, Mr. John-
son, appeared in 2 vols. 8vo. A complete edition of his
Works, Correspondence, and Translations, with a Life of
the Author, edited by Robert Southey, was pub. in 15
vols. p. Svo. A new ed., with additional Letters, in Bohn's
Standard Library, 8 vols., platés.
"There is no one among our living writers who unites research,
taste. and sincerity, (the three great requisites of a biographer.)
so delightfully as Dr. Southey; and it is almost superfluous to
that his work is as readable for its anecdotes and contempo-
rary sketches, as for its clear, manly, and eloquent style."-Lon.
Athenarum.
"It is hardly too much to say that it derives nearly half its valuo
from the labours of the editor and biographer."
"In the Life of the Poet, Dr. Southey has introduced much of
the Literary History of England during half a century, with bio-
graphical sketches of many of his contemporaries.”
The Rev. T. S. Grimshawe, author of the Life of Rev.
Legh Richmond, pub. an edit. of the Works, Letters, and
Life, in 1835, Lon., 8 vols. 8vo; new edit., 1847, 8 vols.
Svo, and also an edit. in 1 vol. r. Svo.
“Mr. Grimshawe's labours are not only recommended by the
power his relationship to Dr. Johnson placed in his hands, but by
the deep concern he takes in every thing which regards the essen-
tial and beautiful parts of Cowper's character."—Norwich Mercury.
We notice some other editions. Cowper's Poems, with a
Memoir of the Author, by John McDiarmid, Edin., 18mo.
"The Memoir has the merit of being written with remarkable
critical acumen, of delineating the character of Cowper with accu
racy, and of including, stripped of all hook-making periphrases,
the whole course of the poet's life, agitated as it was by acute
mental sufferings.”—Court Magazine.
Cowper's Works, with Life, by Dr. Memes, Glasg., 1852,
12mo.
"The Memoir greatly surpasses, in philosophical accuracy, the
former estimates of Cowper's Life. The editor is evidently a stu-
dent of human nature, under all the varieties of physical and
moral causes by which it may be affected. He is also a clear, good
writer, who, understanding his subject. expresses himself with
equal beauty and precision.”—Evangelical Magazine.
To these may be added Memoirs, Essays, &c. by Nico..
las, Greatheed, Stebbins, Cary, Dwight, &c.
The Letters of Cowper have gained him as much repu-
tation as have the most favourite passages of his poetry.
On this theme it were easy to enlarge, but we must rest
content with a citation from one of the greatest masters of
our tongue:
"I have always considered the letters of Mr. Cowpor as the finest
specimen of the epistolary style in our language. . . To an air of
inimitable ease and carelessness they unite a high degree of cor
rectness, such as could result only from the clearest intellec", com-
bined with the most finished taste. I have scarcely found a single
↓
440
COX
COX
.word which is capable of being exchanged for a better. Literary
errors I can discern none. The selection of words, and the con-
struction of periods, are inimitable; they present as striking a
contrast as can well be conceived to the turgid verbosity which
passes at present for fine writing, and which bears a great reseni-
blance to the degeneracy which marks the style of Ammianus
Marcellinus, as compared to that of Cicero or of Livy. In my
humble opinion, the study of Cowper's prose may on this account
be as useful in forming the taste of young people as his poetry."-
Rev. Robert Hall to Rev. Dr. Jolinson,
K
The reader should peruse an article, nominally a review
of Thomas Taylor's Life of Cowper, by Mr. W. B. O. Pea-
body, in the North American Review for January, 1834.
Also see articles by Lord Jeffrey, in the Edinburgh Re-
view, vols. ii. 64, and iv. 273; two reviews in the London
Quarterly Review, vols. xvi. 116, and xxx. 185. To these
may be added the articles in the N. American Review, by
W. Phillips, ii. 233; H. Ware, xix. 435, and E. T. Chan-
ning, xliv. 29. Also consult the Life, Dissertation, and
Notes, in the new ed. of Cowper's Poetical Works, by Rev.
George Gilfillan, 1854, 8vo.
A few brief extracts from two or three eminent authori-
ties must conclude an article already sufficiently extended:
"Of Cowper how shall I express myself in adequate terms of
admiration? The purity of his principles, the tenderness of his
heart, his unaffected and zealous piety, his warmth of devotion,
(however tinctured at times with gloom and despondency,) the
delicacy and playfulness of his wit, and the singular felicity of his
diction, all conspire by turns
6
To win the wisest, warm the coldest heart.'
"Cowper is the poet of a well-educated and well-principled Eng-
lishman. Home, sweet home' is the scene-limited as it may be
imagined-in which he contrives to concentrate a thousand beau-
ties, which others have scattered far and wide upon objects of less
Interest and attraction. His pictures are, if I may so speak. con-
ceived with all the tenderness of Raffaelle, and executed with all
the finish and sharpness of Teniers. No man, in such few words,
tells his tale, or describes his scene, so forcibly and so justly. Ilis
views of nature are less grand and less generalized than those of
Thomson and here, to carry on the previous mode of comparison,
I should say that Thomson was the Gaspar Poussin, and Cowper
the IIobbima of rural poetry. . . . The popularity of Cowper gains
strength as it gains age: and, after all. he is the poet of our study,
our cabinet, and our alcove."-DR. DIEDIN.
"His language has such a masculine idiomatic strength, and
his manner, whether he rises into grace or falls into negligence,
has so much plain and familiar freedom. that we read no poetry
with a deeper conviction of its sentiments having come from the
author's heart, and of the enthusiasm, in whatever he describes,
having been unfeigned and unexaggerated. He impresses us with
the idea of a being whose fine spirits had been long enough in the
mixed society of the world to be polished by its intercourse, and
yet withdrawn so soon as to retain an unworldly degree of sim-
plicity and purity."-THOMAS Campbell.
"The great merit of this writer appears to us to consist in the
boldness and originality of his compositions, and in the fortunate
audacity with which he has carried the dominion of poetry into
regions that had been considered as inaccessible to her ambition.
He took as wide a range in language, too, as in matter; and
shaking off the tawdry incumbrance of that poetical diction which
had nearly reduced the art to the skilful collocation of a set of
appointed phrases, he made no scruple to set down in verse every
expression that would have been admitted in prose, and to take
advantage of all the varieties with which our language could
supply him."—Lord Jeffrey.
Cox,James, D.D. Tithe Commutations, Lon.,1838,8vo.
Cox, John. Dialecticon Vivi boni et literati de veri-
tate et Natura atque Substantia corporis et sanguinis
Christi in Eucharistia, Lon., 1557, 8vo.
Cox, Dr. Medical Compendium, &c., 1808.
Cox, Mrs. Joseph; a Poem, 1783, 12mo.
Cox, or Coxe, Benj. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1645,
'46, 4to.
Cox, John. Trans. of II. Bullinger's Exhortation to
the Ministers of God's Word, &c., Lon., 1575, 8vo.
Cox, John E. Protestantism contrasted with Roman-
ism, Lon., 1852, 2 vols. 8vo. Trans. of Dr. H. Olshausen's
Com. on 1st and 2d Epist. to the Corinthians; Vol. xx. of
Clark's For. Theol. Library.
"A superior help to the study of those two important epistles."
-British Bunner.
Cox, John H. Harmony of the Scriptures, Lon., 1823,
8vo. Highly commended. Jesus shewing Mercy, 18mo.
“A most useful book to be put into the hands of young con-
verts."-Christian Guardian.
Cox,John S. Two Serms., with Notes, Lon., 1835,12mo.
"These are sensible and sound discourses, which we recom-
mend to all lovers of orthodoxy.”—Chris. Rememb.
Cox, Joseph. Narrative rel. to Thief-takers, 1756, 8vo.
Cox, Joseph M., M.D. Insanity, 1804, Svo.
Cox, Leonard. See CoCKES.
Cox, Michael, Bishop of Ossory, 1743; Archbishop
of Cashel, 1754. Sermon, Dubl., 1748, 4to.
Cox, Nicholas. The Gentleman's Recreation, in
four Parts, viz.: Hunting, Hawking, Fowling, Fishing,
1674, 8vo; 6th ed., 1721.
Cox, Owen. Intelligence from Ireland, 1642, 4to.
Cox, Richard, 1499-1581, educated at Eton and
King's College, Cambridge, became Chancellor of the
University of Oxford, and Dean of Westminster. On the
accession of Mary he was imprisoned. In 1559 he was
made Bishop of Ely. He trans. for the "Bishops' Bible"
the four Gospels, the Acts, and the Epistle to the Romans.
He also assisted in the Compilation of the Liturgy, &c.
Cox, Richard. See CRANCH, WILLIAM.
Cox, Sir Richard, 1650-1733, was created Chancellor
of Ireland in 1703. Hibernia Anglicana; or the History of
Ireland from the Conquest to the present time, Lon., 1689,
2 vols. fol. Compiled chiefly from the accounts of Sir
2 vols. fol.
John Temple and Dr. Borlase.
John Temple and Dr. Borlase. An Inquiry into Religion,
Lon., 1711, Svo. Linen Manufactory, Dubl., 1749.
Cox, Robert. Acteon and Diana, with a pastoral
Stora of the Nimph Oenone, &c., Lon., 1566, 1656, 4to.
In Fras. Kirkman's, The Wits, or Sport upon Sport.
"Cox was an excellent comedian, who lived in the reign of King
Charles I." See Biog. Dramat.
Cox, Capt. Hiram. Journal of a Residence in the
Burman Empire, &c., Lon., 1821, 8vo.
Cox, Sir J. H. Letters on Catholic Claims, 1812.
Cox, James, D.D. Conjugal Affection; a Poem,
1813, Svo.
Cox, Robert. Hist. of an Old Pocket Bible, Lon.,
1813, Svo. Narratives of the Lives of some of the most
eminent Fathers, &c., 1817, Svo. Horæ Romanæ, or an
Attempt to elucidate St. Paul's Epist. to the Romans, by
an original Trans., &c., 1824, Svo.
"While possessing merits of a high order, it is entirely free from
display."-Lon. Eclectic Review.
The Liturgy Revised, 1830, Svo. Secession Considered,
1832, Svo.
Cox, Dr. 1. Med. Discourses. 2. Discourse against 2 vols. 8vo; New York, 1832.
Apothecaries, Lon., 1666, '69. Svo.
Cox, Ross. Adventures on the Columbia River, Lon.,
Cox, S. C. P. Williams's Chancery Reports, 4th edit.,
1787, 3 vols. r. Svo; 5th ed., 1790. Reports of Cases in
Courts of Equity, 1783–96, &c., Lon., 1816, 2 vols. 8vo.
Amer. edit., by Murray Hoffman, New York, 1824.
"Most brief and perspicuous Reports of unquestionable accu-
racy."-1 Kent's Com., 494.
(*
The American edition is ably edited."—Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Cox, Samuel H., D.D., a Presbyterian minister, long
settled in Brooklyn, New York. Quakerism not Chris-
tianity, New York, 1833, Svo. Interviews, Memorable
and Useful, from Diary and Memory, reproduced, New
York, 1853, 12mo.
Cox, D. Address to Dissenters, 1807, 12mo.
Cox, Daniel, M.D. Prof. treat., &c., 1753, '57, '58, Svo.
Cox, David. Landscape Painting and Effect in Wa-
ter Colours, Lon., 1814, fol. Highly esteemed.
Cox, E.W. Registration of Voters' Act, Lon.,1843,12mo.
Cox, F. A., D.D. Christian Knowledge, Lon., 1806,
8vo. Life of Melancthon, 1815, Svo; 1817, Svo.
"Correct in narrative. forcible in argumentation, &c."-Brit. Rev.
Female Scripture Biography, 1817; 1852, 2 vols. Svo.
On Baptism, Svo. On the Book of Daniel, 1833, 12mo.
"A very useful manual."-Lon. Congregational Mag.
Our Young Men; a Prize Essay, 1838, 12mo.
"A word in season to young men in every grade of Society."-time
Evangel. Mag.
Mr. C. has written some other theological treatises.
Cox, George. Chemical Delectus, 2d ed., 1844, 32mo.
Spectable Secrets, 2d ed., 1844, 12mo. Agricultural Che-
mistry, Lon., 1844, p. Svo.
The author discusses aëriform matters, salts, acids, &c.. but
fails to establish any fact for practical adoption. This is the fault
of all chemical essays.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Cox, Samuel S. The Buckeye Abroad; or Wander
ings in Europe and the Orient, N. York, 1852, 12mo.
"One of the most readable books of travel that we have taken
up for a long time.”—N. Y. Mirror.
Cox, Thomas. See CoXE.
fe
Cox, William, d. 1851? an Englishman, me
resident of New York City. Crayon Sketches, by an
Amateur, N.Y., 1853, 2 vols. 12mo.
Coxe, Arthur Cleveland, D.D., b. in Mendham,
New Jersey, 1818, grad. at the University of New York,
has gained great reputation for classical attainments and
poetical talents. Advent, a Mystery; a Dramatic Poem,
1837. Athwold; a Romaunt, 1838. Saint Jonathan; the
Lay of a Scald. Cantos 1st and 2d, 1838: all that was
pub. Athanasion, and Miscellaneous Poems. Christian
Ballads; new edit., Lon., 1853, Svo. Halloween. Saul;
a Mystery. Trans. of Dr. Von Hirscher's Sympathies of
the Continent, or Proposals for a New Reformation.
"The following work will be found a noble apology for the post-
441
COX
COX
tion assumed by the Church of England in the sixteenth century,
and for the practical reforms she then introduced into her theology
and worship.”—Dr. Coxe's Introduction.
Impressions of England, N.Y., 1856, 12mo. Dr. Coxe
has published Sermons on Doctrine and Duty, 1855.
“They are remarkably able and eloquent. and discuss a variety
of subjects. The spirit throughout is eminently Christian and
persuasive, and all may be read with pleasure and with profit."
Coxe, Daniel, M.D. Discourses and papers in Phil.
Trans., 1674; Alkaline Seeds; Sea Sand; Volatile Salt
from Vegetables.
Coxe, Daniel, resided 14 years in America. He
claimed the territory of Georgia, Florida, and Louisiana
under his father's purchase. Description of Carolina, Lon.,
1722, '27, '41, 8vo.
"A crude performance, drawn up from various journals and
voyages to impress the public with the great importance of the
region described, and to make them jealous of its occupation by
the French." See N. American Review, ii. 1.
Collection of Voyages and Travels, Lon., 1741, Svo.
Coxe, Edward. 1. Miss. Poetry. 2. Valentine, 1805,
'10, 8vo.
Coxe, Eliza A. Liberality and Prejudice, a Novel,
1813, 3 vols.
Coxe, Francis. His Retraction, Lon., 1561. A short
Treatise declaringe the detestable Wickednesse of magicall
Sciences, Lon., 1561, Svo. Oyies, Vngents, Emplaisters,
and Stilled Waters, 1575, Svo.
Coxe, Henry. A Picture of Italy, 1816, 18mo.
Coxe, John Redman, formerly Prof. of Materia
Medica and Pharmacy in the Univ. of Penna. 1. On In-
flammation, Phila., 1794, Svo. 2. Importance, &c. of Me-
dicine, 1800, Svo. 3. On Vaccination, 1800, Svo. 4. On
Combustion, &c., 1811, Svo. 5. Ainer. Dispensatory, 1827,
8vo, &c. 6. Refut. of Harvey's Claim to the Discovery of
the Circulation of the Blood, 1834, 8vo. 7. Appeal to the
Public, &c., 1835, Svo. S. Ágaricus Atramentarius, 1842, Į
8vo. 9. Recog. of Friends in Another World, 1845, 12mo.
10. Epit. of Hippocrates and Galen, 1846, 8vo. 11. Crys-
tallization; Ann. Philos., 1815, vi. 101. Edited: 12. Phila.
Med. Museum, 1805, 6 vols. 8vo; New Ser., 1811, 1 vol.
Svo. 13. Emporium of Arts and Sciences, [continued by
Thomas Cooper, M.D.,] 1812, 5 vols. 8vo.
Coxe, Leonard. See COCKES.
-
Coxe, Margaret, a native of Burlington, New Jersey.
Claims of the Country on American Females, Phil., 2 vols.
12mo. Botany of the Scriptures. Wonders of the Deep.
Young Lady's Companion and Token, 12mo.
"A series of Letters replete with the faithful monitions and pre-
cepts a good mother, or, rather, an affectionate elder sister, would
urge on those under her care."-S. J. HALE: Woman's Record.
Coxe, Nehemiah. Heresies, &c. in Thomas Collier's
Body of Divinity, confuted. Discourses of the
wherein Circumcision as a Plea for Pædo-Baptism is in-
validated, Lon., 1681, 8vo.
Coxe, Peter. Social Day, a Poem with 32 engravings,
Lon., 1823, 8vo.
"A poem of no merit."-LOWNDES.
This beautiful volume contains engravings after Wilkie,
Stothard, Smirke, Cooper, Hills, &c. The exquisite plate
of the Broken Jar, by Wilkie, engraved by Warren, has
been sold for £3 38.
Coxe, R. C. Lectures on Miracles, Lon., 1832, 12mo.
Lent Lectures, 1836, 12mo. Advent Lectures, 1845, 8vo.
Church Subjects, Newc., 1851, 8vo. Poems, 1845, p. 8vo.
Practical Serms. Wood Notes and Musings, 1848, p. 8vo.
Coxe, Richard S. Reports of Cases, in S. Court, N.
Jersey, 1790-95, Burling., 1816, Svo. Decisions in the S.
C., C. C., and D. Courts of the U. States, Phila., 1829, 8vo.
This work is the result of great labour, well employed..
Coxe, Tench, of Philadelphia, Commissioner of the
Revenue, d. 1824, aged 68. 1. Address on American Manu-
factures. 2. Inquiry into the Principles of a Commercial
System for the United States, 1787. 3. Examination of
Lord Sheffield's Observations on the Commerce of the United
Provinces, 1792, 8vo. 4. View of the U. States of Ame-
rica, in a series of papers written 1787-94, Phila., 1794,
8vo; Lon., 1795, Svo. 5. Thoughts on Naval Power, and
5. Thoughts on Naval Power, and
the Encouragement of Commerce and Manufactures, 1806.
6. Memoir on the Cultivation, Trade, and Manufacture of
Cotton, 1807. 7. Memoir on a Navigation Act, 1809. 8. State-
ment of the Arts and Manufactures of the U. States, 1814.
Coxe, Thomas. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1667.
Coxe, Thomas. Serms., 1709, '12, '26, '27. Magna
Britannia et Hibernia, antiqua et nova: or a new Survey
of Great Britain, Lon., 6 vols. 4to, 1720-31; 1738. Coun-
ties which have not been elsewhere particularly described
Lincolnshire, Suffolk, Shropshire, Yorkshire-are noticed
in these volumes.
Coxe, William, 1747–1828, one of the most useful of
modern historical writers, was a native of London; Fellow
of King's College, 1768; Curate of Denham, 1771; Rec-
tor of Bemerton, 1788; Canon-Residentiary of Salisbury,
1803; Archdeacon of Wilts, 1805. He was also Chaplain
of the Tower. He made several oxcursions on the Conti-
nent, in company with young members of the nobility, and
pub. the result of his observations to the world. 1. Sketches
of the Natural, Civil, and Political State of Switzerland,
Lon., 1779, Svo. See No. 6. 2. Account of the Russian
Discoveries between Asia and America, &c., 1780, 4to; 2d
edit., 1780, (supplet. pub. in 1787; see No. 5;) 3d edit.,
1787; 4th edit. enlarged, with maps, 1804, Svo.
"This work is interesting, not merely from the particular sub-
ject which the title indicates, but also on account of the sketch it
contains of the conquest of Siberia, and of the Russian commercė
with China."-STEVENSON: Voyages and Travels.
"This work confirmed the literary reputation of its author, and
from the time of its first appearance it has been esteemed one of
the most valuable sources of knowledge on the subject of Northern
Europe. Some of the earlier portions were submitted to Dr. Ro
bertson, the historian, who carefully revised them."-Lon. Quar.
Review.
"Mr. Coxe's book contains many curious and important facts
with respect to the various attempts of the Russians to open a
communication with the New World."-DR. ROBERTSON.
3. Account of the Prisons and Hospitals in Russia, Swe-
den, and Denmark, 1780, 8vo. 4. Travels in Russia, Po-
land, Sweden, and Denmark, 1784, 2 vols. 4to; vol. iii.,
1790, 4to; 2d edit., 1787, 5 yols. 8vo; 3d edit., 1802, 5 vols.
8vo; 4th edit., 1803, 04, 3 vols. 4to.
“Coxe's Tour has lost little of its value by time. The sterling
ore of the matter preserves it, and though it has been distilled,
and hashed up into a hundred subsequent works, there is always
a freshness in the original relation which literary piracy cannot
successfully counterfeit."-SIR EGERTON BRYDGES.
The substantial merits of this work are well known."-STEVEN-
SON: Voyages and Travels.
5. A Comparative view of the Russian Discoveries, with
those made by Captain Cook and Clerke: and a Sketch of
what remains to be ascertained by future Navigators, 1787,
4to. See No. 2, to which this work is supplementary.
6. Travels in Switzerland and in the country of the Gris-
sons, 1789, 3 vols. Svo. This may be called an enlarged
edit. of No. 1.
"These travels were performed in 1776, and again in 1785 and
1787. and bear and deserve the same character as the author's tra
vels in Russia, &c. Mr. Coxe gives a list of books in Switzerland
at the end of his 3d volume, which may be consulted with advan-
tage. There is a similar list at the end of his travels in Russia,
&c."-STEVENSON: Voy, and Trav.
7. Letters to Dr. R. Price upon his Discourse on the Love
of our Country, 1790, Svo. 8. Expl. of the Catechism,
1792, Svo. 9. Of Confirmation, 1793, 8vo. 10. Gay's Fa-
bles, with Life and Notes. 11. Letter to the Countess of
Pembroke on the secret tribunals of Westphalia, 1796, 8vo.
12. Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert
Earl of Orford, 1798, 3 vols. 4to. The State Pa-
pers which accompany these Memoirs are most valuable
to the historian.
"A more judicious and instructive biographical work, or one
more satisfactory to every rational desire of knowledge, is not found
in English literature. It combines in a remarkable degree the
exact and dispassionate inquiry which forms the great merit of
compiled history, with the lively circumstantial illustration which
belongs to contemporary narrative, or that drawn from recent tra-
which no accurate reader of English history can permit himself to
dition. It would be superfluous to dwell longer on a book with
be unacquainted.”—Lon. Quar. Review.
Mr. Pitt remarked that he had never formed a just ap-
preciation of the character of Sir Robert Walpole and his
Administration, before he had perused Mr. Coxe's work.
13. Biographical Anecdotes of Handel and C. J. Smith,
1799, 4to. This vol. contains some of Smith's music never
before pub. 14. A Serm. on the excellence of the British
Jurisdiction, 1799, Svo. 15. Historical Tour in Monmouth-
shire; with upwards of 80 engravings, by Sir R. Colt Hoare,
1801, 2 vols. 4to. Abridged by the author's sister, 1802,
sm. Svo.
"One of Coxe's most agreeable works. and may be ranked among
the most elegant and interesting publications extant on British
Topography.”—Lm. Quarterly Rev.
This valuable work contains much local history an
This is a de-
many interesting biographical anecdotes.
partment-Topography-in which Americans will long
envy brethren. 16. Memoirs of Ho-
ratio, Lord Walpole, 1802, 4to. This may be considered
as supplementary to No. 12. 17. Vindication of the Celts,
1803, 8vo. 18. History of the House of Austria, 1218-
1792, 1807, 3 vols. 4to; 2d edit., 1820, 5 vols. 8vo; 3d ed.,
1847, 3 vols. 8m. 8vo.
"The House of Austria has in particular received due homage
and respect from the labours of J. P. Kraft and Mr. Archdeacon
Coxe."-DR. DIDDIN: Lib. Comp.
•
442
COX
.CRA
"Coxe's House of Austria must be diligently read," &c.-Smyth's
Lect. on Mod. Hist., q. v.
19. Essay on the Epist. of Ignatius, 1807, 8vo. 20. The
Literary Life and Select Works of Benj. Stillingfleet, 1811,
3 vols. 8vo. Vol. i. contains the Life; ii. and iii. S.'s
Poetry, Tracts on Nat. Hist., and Prof. Martyn's Observa-
tions.
"The value of these original and truly curious extracts cannot
fail to be appreciated by every person conversant with the subject.
Mr. Stillingbeet's Remarks on Agricultural Writers are particu-
larly valuable. His Works will now attain the rank in every Li-
brary to which they are so justly entitled."-Lon. Gent. Mag.
21. Memoirs of the Kings of Spain of the House of
Bourbon, 1700-88, 1813, 3 vols. 4to; 2d ed., 1815, 5 vols. 8vo.
"In Mr. Coxe's House of Bourbon every subject that I have
now alluded to is treated very fully.. His work is in many places
eatertaining, and is on the whole a valuable accession to our bis-
torical information."-PROF. SMYTH: Lect. on Mod. Hist.
22. Letter on Tithes, 1815, 8vo. 23. A Sermon, 1817,
4tc. 24. Memoirs of John, Duke of Marlborough, with
his original Correspondence, 1818, '19, 3 vols. 4to; 2d ed.,
1820, & vols. 8vo; new edit., revised by John Wade, 1848,
3 vols. sm. 8vo, and an Atlas in 4to. One of the large
paper copies of the first edit. had the two portraits of the
Duke taken on satin. This copy was marked £30 in a
bookseller's catalogue.
"To write the Life of Marlborough is to write the history of the
reign of Queen Anne; and it is impossible for any one to judge
properly of this part of our annals, without a diligent perusal of
this very entertaining and valuable work."-PROF. SMYTH: Lect. on
Mod. Hist.
25. Private Correspondence of Charles Talbot, Duke of
Shrewsbury, 1821, 4to. 26. Sketches of the Lives of Cor-
reggio and Parmegiano, 1823, Svo. 27. Memoirs of the
Administration of the Right Hon. Henry Pelham, 1829,
2 vols. 4to.
"The late Archdeacon Coxe has terminated his long and useful
literary course by a work which adds largely to our stores of au-
thentic information. . . . He has executed his task with no less
diligence and fidelity than he displayed while in the full enjoy-
ment of earlier vigour."-British Critic.
"These Memoirs have lately acquired a new title to attention,
(if such a work needed any casual incident to enhance its value.)
by the publication of Lord Orford's lively letters to Sir Horace
Mann, where a great part of the small talk embodied in Walpole's
Memoirs, and of which Mr. Coxe's History is the best correction,
reappears in a lighter form."-Lon. Quarterly Review.
"I have now then only to refer the student to Mr. Coxe's Me
moirs of the Pelham Administration, and to request that he will
depend on this regular and authentic account of an important
period in our annals, not only while he wishes to know the trans-
actions that belong to it, but the character of the ministers and
parliamentary leaders by which i was distinguished. In no other
way can he derive a proper idea of the merits of Mr. Pelham, Lord
Hardwicke, and, above all, of the Duke of Newcastle."-PROF.
SMYTH: Lect, on Mod. Hist.
We notice a set of Coxe's Historical Works and Travels,
24 vols. imp. 4to, all on large paper, in Mr. H. G. Bohn's
Catalogue for 1841, elegantly bound in red morocco by
Lewis, priced £84. The same enterprising publisher has
recently issued in his excellent STANDARD LIBRARY, cheap
edits. of several of the works of this author: see ante.
Here is an opportunity for both long and short purses.
Let no historical student fail to secure these invaluable
volumes in some form, for, as Dr. Aikin well remarks,
"He who wishes to understand intimately the politics of the
two last reigns must consult the volumes of Mr. Coxe: the future
historian will refer to them with confidence and gratitude."-
Annual Review.
"The biographical labours of MR. ARCHDEACON COXE are consi-
derable in extent, and meritorious in quality; and, as they appear
to my judgment, are likely to be yet more appreciated by posterity
than in the present times.”—Dr. Dibdin: Lib. Comp.
Coxeter, Thomas, 1689–1747, a native of Lechlade,
Gloucestershire, was educated at Magdalen School and
Trinity College, Oxford. He collected some of the mate-
rials used in what is styled Cibber's Lives of the Poets,
assisted Ames in his Typographical Antiquities, and aided
Theobald in his black-letter researches, when the latter
was preparing his edit. of Shakspeare. Some of his MSS.
were used by Warton in his History of English Poetry.
He pub. in 1739 an edit. of Baily's, or rather Hall's, Life
of Bishop Fisher, first pub. in 1655. He was the originator
of the scheme adopted by Dodsley of publishing a collec-
tion of Old English Plays. He also pub., in 1710, a poem
supposed to be his own, entitled Astrea Licrimans, to the
memory of Sir John Cook, and in 1759 an edit. of Mas-
singer's Works appeared, said to be "revised, corrected,
and the editions collated, by Mr. Coxeter."
"We talked of a collection being made of all the English poets
who had published a volume of poems. Johnson told me that
a Mr. Coxeter, whom he knew, had gone the greatest length towards
this: having collected, I think, about five hundred volumes of
poots whose works were but little known; but that upon his death
Tom Osbourne bought them, and they were disporsed, which he
thought a pity, as it was curious to see any series complete; and
•
in every volume of poems something good may we found.””—I &
well's Johasım.
+
It should be mentioned to Dr. Johnson's credit, that he
often afforded aid to Coxeter's daughter, who was left in
needy circumstances by her father's death. Coxeter was
secretary to an English Historical Society, and he con-
templated the publication of an edit. of the Dramatic
Works of Thomas May. See a notice of him in Nichols's
Literary Anecdotes, and in the Gent. Mag. for 1756.
Coyte, B., M.D. Con. to Med. Trans., 1785. Hortus
Botanicus Gippovicensis, Ipswich, 1796, 4to. Index Plan.
tarum, vol. i. 1808, Svo.
Coyte, Joseph William. A Cockney's Rambles in
the Country, 1811, 12mo.
Coyte, Tobias. Fifteen Serms., 1762, 2 vols. 12mo.
Coyte, William. Serm., Norw., 1710, 12mo.
Cozens, Dr. Mercurius Ecclesiasticus, 1645, 4to.
London, born in Russia. 1. 32 Species of Trees. 1771.
Cozens, Alexander, d. 1786, a drawing-master in
2. Landscapes, 1785. 3. Nature. 4. Principles of Beauty
relative to the Human Head, with 19 Plates by Bartolozz. ;
Letter Press in English and French, 1778, imp. fol.
"A work very ingenious, but somewhat fanciful."-DR. WATT;
Bibl. Brit.
Cozens, Charles. Adventures of a Guardsman.
Lon., 1847, 12mo.
Cozens, Samuel. Biblical Lexicon of 2500 names
and places, Lon., 1848, 12mo.
Cozens, Zachariah. 1. A Tour through the Isle
of Thanet, 1794. 2. The Margate Hoy. 3. A Poem
Con. to Gent. Mag. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
Cozzens, Fred. S., b. 1818, in New York City. 1.
Prismatics, N. York, 1852. 2. Stone House on the Sus-
quehanna. 3. Sparrowgrass Papers, 1856, 12mo. A work
full of wit and humour. 4. Acadia; or, A Sojourn among
the Blue Noses, 1858, 12mo. Ed. The Wine-Press; a
Monthly devoted to the interests of American vine-
planters and wine-makers.
|
Cozzens, Issachar, b. 1781, Newport, R.I., uncle
of the preceding. Geological History of New York Island,
N.Y., 1843, Svo.
Crabb, George, of Magdalen College, Oxford, d.
1854. 1. Universal Historical Dictionary, 1825, 2 vols.
4to. 2. Dictionary of General Knowledge, 5th ed., by
Rev. H. Davis, 1853, er. Svo. 3. Universal Technological
Dictionary, 1823, 2 vols. 4to. 4. English Synonymes, 3d
ed., 1824, Svo; 1826, 4to; pub. in N. York, 10th ed. from
the folio edit., 1852, Svo.
"A valuable addition to the philological treatises which we pos-
sess.”—British Critic. Oct. 1823.
"As an etymologist, Mr. Crabb seems to have some dictionary
knowledge of many languages: but to be unacquainted with the
philosophy, or history even, of language in general. . . . However,
with all this apparent incompetency for the office of Synonymist,
Mr. Crabb bas most industriously brought together a mass of ma-
terials and observations, which, under judicious selection, in more
skilful hands, may, hereafter, essentially contribute to the service
of English literature."-Lon. Quarterly Rev., xxv.
"It is wished that some such work as the Abbé Girard's Syno-
nimes Prançoises were undertaken for our tongue. Nothing would
contribute more to precise and elegant writing."-Blair's Lectures
5. German Grammar for Englishmen, 12mo. 6. Eng-
lish Grammar for Germans. 7. Extracts from Germ. Au-
thors; 7th ed. by Tiarks, 1841, 12mo. 8. Germ. and Eng.
Conversationists; 9th ed. by Bernays, 1846, 12mo. 9. New
Pantheon, or Mythology of All Nations, 1847, 18mo. Like
all Mr. Crabb's works, most useful and instructive.
Crabb, George. 1. Conveyancer's Assistant, 3d ed.,
Lon., 1845, 2 vols, Svo; 4th ed., by J. T. Christie, Lon.,
1855, 2 vols.
"Mr. Christie has not only ably revised this Fourth Edition of the
late Mr. Crabb's work, but very materially improved it by amend
ing. and in many cases curtailing, the length of the original pre-
cedents, and adapting them to the established forms of the present
day."-Lom. Legal Observer.
No lawyer will feel his library to be complete without it."—
Bell's Messenger.
2. Law of Real Property, 1846, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Hist. of
the English Law, 1829, Svo; 41st Am. ed., Burling., 1831,
Svo. This is founded upon Reeves's Hist. of the English
Law. 4. Digest and Index of the Statutes, &c., Lon.,
1841, '47, 4 vols. r. Svo.
"A work of immense labour, most carefully and satisfactorily
stated.”—Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Crabb, Habakkuk, 1750-1794. Serms., Camb.,
1796, r. Svo.
“A valuable addition to the stock of English Discourses"-Huga
WORTHINGTON.
Crabb, John. Poem, 1704; ditto. 1719, Oxf., fol.
Crabb, Maria J. Tales for Children, 1807. 12mo.
Crabb, Roger. The English Hermite; or Wonder of
this Age, Lon., 1655, 4to; reprinted in Harl. Miscell., vol. iv.
+48
CRA
CRA
Crabbe's Report of Cases in D. C. U. States for the
E. District of Penna., 1836-46, chiefly before the Hon.
Joseph Hopkinson, Phila., Svo.
“Mr. Crabbe's Reports are extremely well done. The style is
good, the facts of the cases well stated, and the syllabus carefully
abstracted." See Amer. Law Regis., June, 1853.
Crabbe, George, 1754-1832, a native of Aldborough,
Suffolk, was the son of a collector of the salt-duties, who
placed him as an apprentice with a surgeon, which pro-
fession the future author for a time adopted. Meeting
with but little success, and having become enamoured of
authorship, he determined to seek his fortune in London,
which he had already visited as a medical student. A
poetical address to the monthly reviewers, entitled, The
Candidate, profited him but little either in pocket or repu-
tation, and the res angusta domi-if the term may be ap-
plied to a poet's garret-stared him in the face with a most
threatening aspect. In this emergency he made unsuc-
cessful applications for relief to Lord North, Lord Shel-
burne, and Lord Chancellor Thurlow. The latter was
subsequently more gracious to him, and presented him
with £100, and two years later with two small livings.
But at the earlier period of which we speak, he would
have been desolate and destitute indeed, had it not in a
happy moment occurred to him to make known his case
to that exalted character-EDMUND BURKE, a name never
to be mentioned without reverence nor thought of without
admiration and esteem. His written application will be
found in the Life of the poet by his son, and several letters
to Mr. Burke are pub. in the Correspondence of the latter.
In our memoir of this distinguished statesman and philo-
sopher, we have quoted an eloquent tribute by Crabbe to
the virtues of his generous benefactor, and we have such
delight in recording any thing to the honour of this illus-
trious man, that we cannot withhold from the reader the
enthusiastic eulogy of the grateful child of the deeply
obliged author:
"He went into Mr. Burke's room. a poor young adventurer,
spurned by the opulent, and rejected by the publishers, his last
shilling gone, and all but his last hope with it: he came out vir-
tually secure of almost all the good fortune that, by successive
steps, afterwards fell to his lot-his genius acknowledged by one
whose verdict could not be questioned-his character and manners
appreciated and approved by a noble and capacious heart, whose
benevolence knew no limits but its power-that of a giant in in-
tellect, who was, in feeling, an unsophisticated child—a bright ex-
ample of the close affinity between superlative talents and the
warmth of the generous affections. Mr. Crabbe had afterwards
many other friends, kind, liberal, and powerful, who assisted him
in his professional career; but it was one hand alone that rescued
him when he was sinking."
By the assistance of this true friend, who took him un-
der his own roof, Crabbe was enabled to prepare himself
for admission to holy orders. He was ordained deacon in
1781 and priest in 1782. After officiating for a time as
curate to the rector of Aldborough, he became, by the in-
fluence of Mr. Burke, chaplain to the Duke of Rutland,
and took up his residence at Belvoir Castle. In 1783
Lord Thurlow presented him with two small livings in
Dorsetshire. He now felt at liberty to marry the object
of his early affections-Sarah Elmy-who was removed by
death in 1813. In this year he had in the meantime held
several rectories and curacies-the Duke of Rutland gave
him the living of Trowbridge in Wiltshire, to which the
incumbency of Croxton, near Belvoir, was subsequently
added. Here he lived for the rest of his life, a useful,
respected, and beloved parish priest, occasionally relieving
his pastoral duties by a visit to his literary friends in
London, who admired the poet, esteemed the man, and
revered the priest. In 1822 he paid a visit to Sir Walter
Scott, in Edinburgh. We now come to the consideration
of his writings. The Poem of the Library was pub. in
1781, 4to, and met with a flattering reception. Two years
later appeared The Village, which confirmed his literary
reputation, and made the obscure priest one of the most
noted in an age of great names. Both of these poems had
before publication received the benefit of the revision of
Mr. Burke, and The Village had passed under the critical
eye of Dr. Johnson:
"March 4, 1783.
"SIR-I have sent you back Mr. Crabbe's poem, which I read
with great delight. It is original, vigorous, and elegant.
The alterations which I have made I do not require him to
adopt, for my lines are perhaps not often better than his own;
but he may take mine and his own together, and perhaps between
them produce something better than either. He is not to think
his copy wantonly defaced. A wet sponge will wash all the red
lines away, and leave the page clear.
+
· The dedication will be least liked. It were better to contract it
into a short, sprightly address. I do not doubt Mr. Crabbe's suc-
cess."-Dr. Johnson to Sir Joshua Reynolds.
Scenes so graphically described, appealing to the ex-
perience of so many, could not be otherwise than widely
read. Those who read extracts in the journals were not
satisfied until they had procured the volume, and the au-
thor felt his position to be no longer doubtful. The News-
paper appeared in 1785; The Parish Register in 1807;
last publication-Tales of the Hall-in 1819. He sold this
The Borough in 1810; Tales in Verse in 1812; and his
Mr. Murray for the handsome sum of £3000.
work, and the unexpired term of his former copyrights, to
We should
not omit to mention, that two years before the publication
of the last-named work, Mr. Crabbe pub. a Sermon on the
Variation of Public Opinion as it respects Religion. In
delineating the homely everyday scenes of common Eng-
lish life in depicting the tenants of the lowly cottage, the
rude hut, the parish workhouse, and the jail-perhaps
Crabbe has never been surpassed. His command of
language and facility in rhyme are remarkable, and
without being free from diffusiveness, there is often an
epigrammatical terseness in his lines which delights even
a careless reader. Horace Smith calls him "Pope in
wit which he would have repudiated in his wisdom. One
worsted stockings," but Horace said many things in his
of the most eloquent criticisms upon Crabbe's writings with
which we are acquainted will be found in Cunningham's
Biog. Hist. of England. We give a brief extract:
"The severity of Crabbe's muse consists in a faithful portraiture
of nature. If man is not always happy, it is not the poet's fault.
There is too much of sober reality in life to make the picture other
than it is. This Crabbe knows, for he writes of scenes under his
own observation. He lived amidst the people he describes, felt
But in his gloomiest character he never oversteps the modesty
their occasional joys, and saddened over their many misfortunes.
of nature.' He does not accumulate horrors for effect. He has no
extravagant and unnatural heroes pouring forth their morbid sen-
timent in his pages. There is no sickly affectation, but a pure and
healthy portrait of life—of life it may be in its unhappiest, but in
its least artificial, development, where society has done little to
alter its rough uneducated tones, where the actual feelings and
passions of man may be traced at every footstep."-Vol. viii. 420.
Gifford, referring to the affecting story of the village girl
betrothed to the sailor, in The Borough, remarks:
“Longinus somewhere mentions, that it was a question among
the critics of his age, whether the sublime could be produced by
tenderness. If this question had not been already determined,
this history would have gone far to bring it to a decision."
Allan Cunningham hardly agrees with the critic quoted
above:
"Crabbe is a cold and remorseless dissector, who pauses with the
streaming knife in his hands, to explain how strongly the blood
is tainted, what a gangrene is in the liver, how completely the
sources of health are corrupted, and that the subject is a bad one.
Deliver us from Crabbe in the hour of depression! Pictures
of moral, and mental, and bodily degradation, are frequent through
all his works; he is one of Job's chief comforters to the people."—
Biog. and Crit. Hist. of Lit.
We quote an able criticism on Crabbe from an eminent
authority:
"Mr. Crabbe is the greatest mannerist, perhaps, of all our living
poets; and it is rather unfortunate that the most prominent features
of his mannerism are not the most pleasing. The homely, quaint,
and prosaic style-the flat, and often broken and jingly versifica-
tion-the eternal full-lengths of low and worthless characters-
with their accustomed garnishing of sly jokes and familiar uo-
ralizing are all on the surface of his writings; and are almost
unavoidably the things by which we are first reminded of hin,
when we take up any of his new productions. Yet they are not
the things that truly constitute his peculiar manner, or give that
character by which he will and ought to be remembered with fu-
ture generations. It is plain, indeed. that they are things that
really characteristic of some of the most original and powerful
will make nobody remembered-and can never, therefore, Le
poetry that the world ever saw.
“Mr. C., accordingly, has other gifts; and those not less pecu-
liar or less strongly marked than the blemishes with which they
are contrasted—an unrivalled and almost magical power of ob
servation, resulting in descriptions so true to nature as to strike
us rather as transcripts than imitations-an anatomy of character
and feeling not less exquisite and searching-an occasional touch of
manly tenderness--and a deep and dreadful pathetic, interspersed
by fits, and strangely interwoven with the most minute and humble
of his details. Add to all this the sure and profound sagacity of
the remarks with which he every now and then startles us in the
midst of very unambitious discussions: and the weight and terse
ness of the maxims which he drops, like oracular responses, on
occasions that give no promise of such a revelation; and Jast,
though not least, that sweet and seldom-sounded chord of lyrical
inspiration, the lightest touch of which instantly charms away
all harshness from his numbers and all harshness from his themes
-and at once exalts him to a level with the most energetic and
inventive poets of his age."-LORD JEFFREY.
Read articles in Edin. Review, xii. 131, xvi. 30, xx. 277,
xxxii. 118, lx. 131; Lon. Quar. Rev., 1. 468, lii. 97; Black-
wood's Mag., v. 469; N. American Rev., xxxix. 135. An
edit. of Crabbe's Works was pub. in 7 vols. fp. 8vo, Lon.,
1822; 1823, 5 vols. 8vo, and r. 8vo. Life, with his Letters
and Journals, by his son; new edit., 1838, fp. Svo. New
edit. of his Life and Poetical Works, edited by his son.
414
CRA
CRA
1847, 1 vol. r. Svo. Poetical Works, with his Letters and !
Journals, 1847, 8 vols. fp. 8vo; Works, &c., 5 vols. 8vo;
also in 1850 and 1851. The Life, by the son of the poet,
has been highly commended.
"We never read a more interesting piece of biography-it is so
unaffected. and we are sure so faithful. that we now feel as well
acquainted with the man as we have hitherto been with the poet."
--Lon. Athenaum,
Crabtree, Wm. Observationes Cœlestes, 1672, 4to.
Crabtree, Wm. Funeral Serm., Leeds, 1780, 8vo.
Cracherode, Rev. Clayton Mordaunt, 1729-
1799, educated at Christ Church, Oxford, was conspicuous
for his taste in books, pictures, &c., and for his noble Li-
brary and collection of curiosities, which were bequeathed
to the British Museum. Three specimens of his excellent
Latin poetry will be found in the Carmina Quadragesi-
malia, for the year 1748, and an account of the author and
his books is recorded by Dr. Dibdin in the Bibliographical
Decameron. Also see Gent. Mag., vol. lix., and Sims's
Hand Book to the Library of the British Museum.
"He was a splendid star in the old school of bibliography-from
the time of the sale of Askew's library to the day of his death-
which latter event took place about eight or nine years after the
dispersion of the Pinelli collection."-Dibdin's Bibliog. Decameron,
lii. 329.
Cracklow, C. Views of Churches in Surrey, Lon.,
1827, 4to. This should accompany Britton and Brayley's
Hist. of Surrey.
Cracknell, Benj., D.D. Theolog. treatises, 1794-
1806.
Craddock,Francis.Revenue without Taxes,1661,4to.
Cradock, John, Archbp. of Dublin. Serm. before
the Univ. of Cambridge, 1739; H. of Commons, 1752;
Fast S., 1758.
Cradock, Joseph. Tour in Wales, Lon., 1770, 12mo.
Zobeide; a Trag., 1771, Svo. Account of parts of N. Wales,
1777, 12mo. Literary and Misc. Memoirs and some of the
author's writings, 1826-28, 4 vols. 8vo.
"Anecdotes of many distinguished political. literary, and thea-
tric characters of the 18th century, travels in parts of Europe, and
reprints of several of the author's tracts and plays."-LoWNDES.
Cradock, Samuel, 1620-1706, a Nonconformist di-
vine, Fellow of Emanuel College, Oxford, Rector of North
Cadbury, ejected, 1662. 1. Knowledge and Practice, Lon.,
1659, 8vo.
"I know of no book so well adapted to help a young minister."
-ORTON.
"One of the best systems of divinity which a plain man can
read."-BOGUE.
"Much instruction is condensed."
2. Harmony of the Four Evangelists, 1668, fol.
was revised by Archbishop Tillotson.
This
"In the seventeenth century it was deservedly held in the
highest estimation; though it is now superseded by later and more
critical works."-T. H. HORNE.
3. The Apostolical History, 1672, fol. 4. The Old Testa-
ment History Methodized, 1683, fol.; in Latin, at Leyden,
1685, 8vo. Superseded by the labours of Stackhouse and
Townsend. 5. Exposition of the Revelation, 1692, Svo.
"Superseded by later and better works."-T. H. HORNE.
"Anti-millenarian, but evangelical."-BICKERSTETH.
6. Gospel Liberty. 7. A Catechism.
"Cradock's three volumes are very readable: the two last on
the New Testament are much better than the first on the Old. His
extracts in the margin from Hammond, Lightfoot, and Grotius,
are very judicious; and I think, on the whole, I never read any
one author that assisted me more in what relates to the New Tes-
tament."-DR. DODDRIDGE.
Cradock, Thomas, d. 1760, Rector of St. Thomas's,
Baltimore county, Maryland. Two Serms., 1747, 8vo.
Trans. of Buchanan's Latin Psalms into Eng. Verse, 1754,
Svo.
mons.
Cradock, Walter, d. 1660, a Puritan divine, travelled
in Wales, and excited great interest in religion by his ser-
To this day in some parts of Wales professors of
religion are called "Cradocks." Serms., 1646, 4to. Gospel
Liberty, 1646, 4to. Divine Drops, 1650, 4to. Gospel-holi-
nesse, 1651, 4to. Works, Chester, 1800, 8vo.
"His works excel in clearness of doctrine, especially in the
grand article of Christian righteousness. The author discovers a
great simplicity of manner as a preacher, with much energy and
loving zeal."-DR. E. WILLIAMS.
Cradock, William, D.D. Serms., 1713, '18, Svo.
Cradock, Zachary, D.D., 1633-1695. Serms., 1678,
1706, '42. Two of his serms., one on Providence, and one
on the Design of Christianity, have been greatly admired.
Cradocke, Edward. The Shippe of Assured Safetie.
Discourse of God's Providence, Lon., 1571, 16mo.
Cradocot. Sernion, Lon., 1663, 4to.
Craford, Earl of. Speech, Lon., 1641, 4to.
Crafordius, Matt. Latin treat. on the Sabbath,
1669, 8vo.
Crafts, William, 1787-1826, a native of Charleston,
S. Carolina, and for some time editor of The Charleston
Courier. He attained considerable distinction as a law-
yer. Poems, Essays, and Orations, with a Biog. Memoir,
Charleston, 1828. See Kettell's Spec. American Poetry,
ii. 144.
See CRAUFURD.
Crafurdius, Thomas.
Crafurdius. See CRacford.
Crag, John. A Prophecy concerning the Earl of
Essex that now is, 1641, 4to.
Cragge, John. 1. G. Britain's Prayers in the time
of dangerous Contagion, 1641, 4to. 2. Against Anabap-
tism, 1656, 8vo. 3. Cabinet of Spirituall Jewells, in Eight
Serms., 1657. 4. The Royal Prerogative, &c., and a Serm.,
1661, 8vo.
Craghead, Robert. Answer to a discourse of Pp.
King, Edin., 1694, 4to.
Craig, A. R. 1. Corporal Punishments in Schools,
Lon., 1844, 8vo. 2. Philosophy of Training, 1847, 12mo
Worthy of attention: for its purpose is not only to obviate the
necessity of normal schools for teachers, but to afford better guides
to the mode of teaching languages, so as to abridge the time em-
plored in attaining then, and to enable the learner to gain them
with more ease and accuracy.”—Lm. Gent. Mog.
ka
Craig, or Craige, Alexander. Poeticall Essayes,
Lon., 1604, 4to. Amorose Songs, Sonets, and Elegies,
1606, 12mo. Poeticall Recreations, Aberd., 1623, 4to.
Craig, Edward. Jacob, or Patriarchal Piety, 1826,
12mo. Sermons, 1828, 12mo.
"The grand doctrines of the gospel are here brought promi-
nently forward, and established by clear and appropriate testimo
nies from the sacred volume. We feel as we read these sermons
the kindling ardour of a devotional spirit.”—Lon. Cong. Mug.
Craig, James, 1682-1744, a native of East Lothian,
Poems. Sermis., Edin., 1732-38, 3 vols. Svo. Greatly ad-
one of the most popular preachers in Edinburgh. Divine
mired; very scarce, and should be republished.
Craig, John, 1512?-1600, a preacher of the Reforma-
tion in Scotland, wrote the celebrated National Covenant,
and partly compiled The Second Book of Discipline. A
Short Summe of the whole Catechism, Edin., 1581, 8vo.
So rare, that a copy in a bookseller's catalogue some years
back, was priced £S S8. Reprinted, Lon., 1591, Svo.
Craig, John, a Scotch mathematician. Theologiæ
Christianæ Principia Mathematica, Lon., 1699, 4to; Leip-
sic, 1755. In this he attempts to prove that the Christian
religion will last only 1454 years from the date of his book,
unless the second coming of Christ prevent its extinction.
Abbé Hautville refuted his arguments in his Christian Re..
ligion proved by facts. Craig pub. several mathematical
treatises, and some papers in Phil. Trans., 1698-1712. See
Chalmers's Biog. Dict., and Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Craig, John. Origin of the Distinctions of Rank,
by Prof. Millar, with account of his life and writings,
Edin., 1806, Svo. Remarks on Doctrines in Political
Economy, Svo. Elements of Political Science, 1814, 3
vols. 8vo.
Craig, John. New Universal Etymological, Tech-
nological, and Pronouncing Dictionary of the English
Language, with an Essay on Language, Lon., 1852, 2 vols.
Svo.
**
Partaking, from the copiousness of its explanations, and the
number of words. of the character of an Encyclopædia. It con-
tains a vast mass of important information on Natural History and
Science."
Cases in H. C. of Chancery, 3 Viet., 1840, 41, Lon., 1842,
Craig, R. D., and T. J. Phillips. Reports of
1835-41, 5 vols. r. Svo, 1837-48.
Svo. R. D. C. and J. W. Mylne's Reports in Chancery,
Craig, Rev. Robert. Refutation of Popery, Lon.,
2 vols. Svo. Theocracy, or the Principles of the Jewish
Religion and Polity adapted to all Nations and Times,
1848, p. Svo.
Edinburgh Advertiser.
"An excellent treatise, written with clearness and vigour."—
eminent lawyer and antiquary, a native of Edinburgh.
Craig, Sir Thomas, of Riccarton, 1548–1608, an
Poemata, Edin., 1603, 4to; et inter Delit. Poet. Scotar.,
Amst., 1637, Svo. Jus Feudale, tribus Libris comprehen-
sum, left in MS. by the author, edited and pub. by Robert
Burnet in 1655, fol. The 2d edit. was enlarged by Mencke-
nius: the last edit. was improved by the notes and cor-
rections of James Baillie, Edin., 1732, fol.; Lon., 1766,
4to; Lipsia, 1716, fol. Other edits. and translations. It
illustrates the Feudal Law as applied in Scotland.
"A lasting monument of the extraordinary learning of its great
author."-BISHOP NICOLSON: Hist. Lib.
66
Craig has taken little pains to search into the antiquities of
our law. It was not the practice in his days either for historians
or lawyers to dip into records; and our author appears to be better
445
CRA
CRA
acquainted with the Feudal history of other countries, which
niight be learned from books, than with the Feudal history of his
own country, which must be gathered from recor-is."-LORD KAMES:
Statule Law of Scotlund.
"Craig's is a work of authority all over Europe." See Moreri;
and Laing's Hist. of Scotland.
Scotland's Sovereignty asserted; being a dispute con-
cerning Homage, Lon., 1695, 8vo.
"An elaborate treatise, proving that the kings of Scotland never
paid nor owed any homage to those of England."-BISHOP NICOL-
SON: Hist. Lib.
The Right of Succession to the Kingdom of England,
Lon., 1703, fol., answered by W. Atwood. Craig was au-
thor of some Latin poems, which have been highly ad-
mired. See an Account of his Life and Writings by Pat-
rick Fraser Tytler, Edin., 1823, 8vo; and see Lowndes's
Bibl. Manual.
"Sir Thomas Craig is known in every enlightened country in
Europe and his Latin Poems have been mentioned in commenda-
tory terms by critical writers.”—IRVINE.
Craig, Thomas. Sermon, Lon., 1821, Svo.
Craig, W. Marshall. Study of Nature in
Landscape, Lon., 1703, 4to. He attacks Gilpin's principles
of drawing. Craig pub. several other works on painting,
drawing, &c.
Craig, William, D.D., 1709-1783, of St. Andrew's
Church, Glasgow. Essay on the Life of Christ, Edin.,
1767, 12mo. Discourses, Edin., 1775, 3 vols. 12mo; new
edit., 1808, 2 vols. 8vo.
Habitually pious, ardently devout, and deeply interested in
the welfare of those who listened to bis instruction, he delivered
himself with genuine and becoming earnestness."-PROF. RICHARD
SON, in Biog. Brit.
Cralle, Richard K., of South Carolina. Life and
Works of John C. Calhoun, N.Y., 6 vols. Svo. See p. 327.
Cramer, J. A. Catenæ Græcorum Patrum in Novum
Testamentum, Oxon., 1838-44, 8 vols. 8vo. Ancient Greece,
3 vols. 8vo. Italy, 2 vols. 8vo. Asia Minor, 2 vels. 8vo.
Study of Modern History, 1843, Svo. Cramer and Wick-
drawingham's Dissert. on the Pass. of Hannibal over the Alps,
1828, Svo.
"A scholar-like work of first-rate ability."-Edin. Review.
Crammond, H., M.D. Outlines of Human Life, 1787,
Craigie, David, M.D. Elements of the Practice of
Physic, Edin., 1837-40, 2 vols. 8vo. Elements of General
and Pathological Anatomy, 2d edit., Edin., 1847, 8vo,
pp. 1088.
"A volume which may be perused with pleasure and advantage,
both by the non-professional man of science and the practical ana-
tomist.”—Lancet.
See "Anatomy," in Encyc. Brit., 7th edit.
Craigie, J., and J. S. Stewart. Reports of Cases
decided in the H. of Lords under Appeal from Scotland,
1720-53, being a continuation of Robertson's Reports,
Edin., 1825, 8vo.
Craik, George Lillie, b. 1799, in Fifeshire, son
of a schoolmaster, settled in London in 1824; Prof. Eng-
lish Literature and History, Queen's College, Belfast, since
1849. From the commencement to the close of the Penny
Cyclopedia he was one of its most valuable contributors
in history and biography, and is one of the most useful
writers of the day. 1. Romance of the Peerage, Lon.,
1848-50, 4 vols. p. Svo.
"We believe there are few literary men in England who are so
well acquainted with this subject as the present author."-Jer-
rold's Newspaper.
2. Bacon; his Writings and his Philosophy, 3 vols. 18mo.
Highly commended: sce notice in Lon. Athenæum, &c.
3. Spenser and his Poetry, 3 vols. 18mo. 4. Paris and its
Historical Scenes, 2 vols. 1Smo. 5. Evils of Popular Tu-
mults, illustrative of the Evils of Social Ignorance, 18mo.
6. History of British Commerce from the Earliest Time
to the Present Day, 3 vols. 18mo.
CL
To the merchant, the capitalist, the manufacturer, the trades-
man, to all who are desirous of knowing by what means England
has arrived at her present state of commercial greatness and pros
perity, we recommend this work as the cheapest and by far the
best mode of obtaining the desired information."-Lincoln Stan
7. History of Literature and Learning in England, from
the Earliest Time to the Present Day, 6 vols. in 3, 18mo,
1844, '45.
"An invaluable text-book to all students of English literature."
-Lon. Critic.
8. The Pursuit of Knowledge under Difficulties, (3 vols.
18mo;) a new edit., to which is added Female Examples,
(2 vols. 18mo,) 5 vols. in 2, 1845-47.
"A body of examples, full of anecdotes and interest, to show how
an ardent desire for knowledge has been able to triumph over the
most unpropitious circumstances. A pleasant book, worthy of
being accepted by all thoughtful women and honourable men.”—
Lon. Athenæum.
9. Outlines of the Eng. Language, 1851, 12mo. Mr. Craik
and Charles Macfarlane were the principal contributors to
Knight's invaluable Pictorial History of England, 8 vols.
super-roy. 8vo. See ANDREWS, J. PETTIT.
"Scrupulous accuracy, unwearied research, and sound criticism,
united with an ardent desire for the safe and gradual advance of
all that may practically improve the condition of society, are the
leading characteristics of Mr. Craik's writings.”—Knight's Eng.
"Which book was held to be the most exact piece for controversy
since the time of the Reformation.”—Mhen. Oxım,
Cyc.. Div. Biog., vol. ii.
Crakanthorpe, Richard, D.D., 1569-1624, Fellow
of Queen's College, Oxford, 1598. Defensio Ecclesiæ Ang-
licanæ, &c, Lon., 1625, 4to.
4.16
Dr. C. also wrote A Defence of Justinian, 1616, 4to; of
Treatise of the 5th Genl. Council at Constantinople, 553,
Constantine, 1621, 4to; Popish Falsifications, 1607; A
1631, fol.; and some sermons, &c. See Athen. Oxon.
"Dr. Crakanthorpe's Defensio gives the best account of most
Popish controversies."
In his Treatise of the 5th General Council he contends,
in opposition to Baronius and Binnius, that the Pope's
apostolical constit. and definitive sentence in matter of
faith was condemned as heretical by the Synod.
Crakelt, W. Trigonometry, &c.
Svo.
National Assembly of France, 1790, 4to.
Crammond, Robt. and H., M.D. A Letter to the
Cramp, J. M. Text Book of Popery, Dubl., 1831,
12mo; enlarged, Lon., 1839, Svo; 3d ed., 1851.
"A complete exposure of the imposture of the Papal religion by
authorities the most unexceptionable, the most decisive, the most
condemning."-MENDHAM: Memorials of the Council of Trent.
Lectures for these Times, 1844, 12mo.
Crampton, Philip, M.D. Profess. treatises, Lon.,
1805, '13.
Cranch, Rev. C. P., b. 1813, in Alexandria, District
He pub..a vol. of poems in 1844, (Phila., 12mo.) See spe-
of Columbia, is a son of JuDGE WILLIAM CRANCH, (q. v.)
cimens in Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America. The
Last of the Huggermuggers, Bost., 1856, 12mo. Kob-
boltozo; a Sequel to the above, 1857, 12mo.
Cranch, John. Wills, by W. Langworth, 1794, 8vu.
Fine Arts, 1811, 4to.
Cranch, Judge Richard, 1726-1811, a native of
England, resided for 61 years at Braintree, near Quincy,
Massachusetts. He pub. his Views of the Prophecies con-
cerning Antichrist. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.
Cranch, Judge William, 1768-1854, son of the
above. Reports of Cases in Sup. Court U.S., Aug. 1801,
to Feb. 1815, 9 vols. in 8, Washington, 1804-17; N. York,
1812, 8vo.
"The period taken in by Judge Cranch is perhaps the most
momentous and lustrous in our judicial history."-Hoff. Leg. Stu.,
421, q. v., et 413, 560, 569: Story's Prom. Notes.
Cranch, W., and Richard Cox, Condensed Reports Su-
preme Court U. States, Washington, 1835, 8vo. Reports
of Cases in U. States Circuit Court of the District of Co-
lumbia, 1801-41, 6 vols. Svo.
"The extensive jurisdiction, civil and criminal, original and
appellate, of the tribunal whose decisions are here reported, the
long period covered by the volumes.-the interest and variety
of the subjects adjudicated by the court, and the great research
which characterizes its most important decisions,-concur to
render this publication in the highest degree desirable to the
community."
Crandolph, A. J. Mysterious Hand, 1811, 3 vols.
Crandon, John. Baxter's Aphorisms, Lon., 1654, 4to.
Crane, John, M.D. Nottington M. Water, Lon.,
1790, Svo.
12mo.
Crane, Ralph. The Workes of Mercy, both corporal
£9 108.
and spirituall; A Poem, Lon., 1621, 8vo. Sykes's sale,
Crane, Thomas, of Lancashire.
vine Providence, Lon., 1672, sm. 8vo.
tials, T. C.
"A valuable work."-BICKERSTETII.
A Prospect of Di-
Has only the ini-
Serm. at Funeral of Rich'd Sherlock, D.D., 1690, 4to.
Crane, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, &c., 1772, '74,
'86. Poet. Works of Wm. Smith, D.D. Life and Writings,
1788, 8vo.
Crane, Wm., Jun., M.D. Con. to Phil. Mag., "1814,
'15; Chemical Affinity; the Nature of Light.
Craner, Henry. Sermons, 1749, '63.
Craner, Thomas. Sermon, Lon., 1766, 8vo.
Dubl., 1795, fol.
Cranfield, 'Thomas. An Harmony of the Gospels,.
tion." DRS. GRAVES AND BARRETT.
"It contains much accurate research, and much useful informa-
"The testimony of two scholars of such eminence is entitled to
the greatest deference and respect."-ORME: Bibl. Bib.
"
CRA
CRA
Cranford, James. The Teares of Ireland, Lon.,
1642, 12mo. Bindley sale, £13 138.; Nassau ditto, £17.
Sermon on Heresies, 1646, 4to.
Crank, W. H. Theory and Practice of Arithmetic,
Lon., 1843, 12mo.
"Many rules not generally known are introduced in this work."
Cranley, Thomas. Amanda, 1635, 4to. Reed, vi.
Reed, vi.
728; Bindley, i. 2195, £5 178. 6d.; Steevens, 1051.
Cranmer, George. New Church Discipline, 1641, 4to.
Cranmer, Thomas, D.D., 1489-1556, a native of
Aslacton, Nottinghamshire, was entered of Jesus College,
Cambridge, in 1503, became a Fellow, 1510, '11; D.D.,
1523. The concurrence of his opinions with the desires
of Henry VIII. in the matter of his divorce from his bro-
ther's widow gained him the favour of the sovereign, and
raised him to the Archbishopric of Canterbury, March 30,
1533. Upon the death of Henry he was one of the Council
of Regency to Edward VI., and laboured zealously to pro-
mote the principles of the Reformation. Upon the acces-
sion of Mary, he was imprisoned as an abettor of the
treason of Lady Jane Grey, and also declared guilty of
heresy by Pope Pius IV. The melancholy story of the
recantation wrung from the bodily infirmities and mental
distraction of an old man, goaded by merciless demons in
human shape to a state of desperation, is too well known
and too painful a theme to be lingered over here. Indeed,
the Life of Cranmer belongs to ecclesiastical and political,
rather than to literary, history. He passed to heaven
through the fires of martyrdom on the 21st of March, 1556,
in his 67th year. His writings-for an account of which
refer to the works cited below-greatly tended to the pro-
motion of the English Reformation. Cranmer's Bible, or
the Great Bible, as it is called, was printed by Rychard
Grafton and Edward Whitchurch, 1539, fol. The trans-
lation is Tyndale's and Rogers's, carefully revised through-
A
Many edits. were printed between 1540-69.
beautiful copy on vellum-probably unique-formerly the
property of Henry VIII., can be seen in the British Mu-
For an account of Cranmer's Bible, see Lewis,
Cotton, Horne, Lowndes, &c. The Instruction of a Chris-
tian Man was pub. in 1537, fol., and Catechismus, a trans.
from Justus Jonas, in 1548, Svo. Cranmer wrote some of
the Homilies, and various controversial and explanatory
treatises. See the following works: Memorials of the Life
and Works of Archbishop Cranmer, collected by the Rev.
John Strype, Lon., 1694, fol. New ed., Oxford, Clarendon
Press, 1812, 2 vols. r. Svo; 50 copies, large paper, imp. 8vo;
Sykes's sale, £7 108.; again Oxf., 1840, 2 vols. 8vo. Re-
mains; collected and arranged by the Rev. H. Jenkins,
Oxf., 1833, 4 vols. Svo. Writings and disputations relative
to the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. Edited for the
Parker Society by the Rev. John Edmund Cox, Camb.,
1844, imp. 8vo. Works; Miscellaneous Writings and Let-
ters, edited as above, for the P. S., vol. ii., 1846. Writings,
see British Reformers, ix. Reprint of Catechismus, Oxf.,
1839, Svo; Extracts from E. J. Barrow. Tracts of An-
glican Fathers, i. 7. Life of Cranmer by William Gilpin,
1784. Svo. Life of, by Charles Webb Le Bas, 1833, 2 vols.
sm. 8vo. Also see Burnet, Fox, and Biog. Brit. Nor must etry is full of conceit."-Ellis's Specimens of the Early Eng. Poets.
we forget Archdeacon Todd's Vindication of Cranmer
against Lingard, Milner, and Butler, 1825, '26; Reply to
Dr. Lingard's Vindication of his Hist. of England, 1827;
and Life of Archbishop Cranmer, 1831, 2 vols. Svo. This
biography is thus highly commended by an eminent au-
thority:
out.
seum.
"His translations have considerable merit, but his original po-
The most impartial and complete historical narration of the
life of this celebrated Churchman. By a judicious arrangement,
and a pleasing and unprejudiced style, Mr. Todd has rendered his
work highly interesting."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
The amiability and ingenuousness of Cranmer's cha-
racter were so well known, that Shakspeare mentions it as
a common saying concerning him:
"Do my Lord of Canterbury
But one shrewd turn, and he's your friend forever.”
Cranston, David, a native of Scotland. Quæstiones
in lib. Magist. Martini de Fortitudine, Paris, 1511, fol.
Additiones in Moralia Jacobi, Almain. Gourment, 1518, fol.
Cranwell, Rev. J. The Christiad, a Poem from
Vida, 1767.
Cranwell, L. Bishop and Presbyter equal, 1661, 4to.
Crashaw. Delays in Religion, Lou., 1653, 4to.
Crashaw, H. The Bespotted Jesuit, Lon., 1648, Svo.
Crashaw, Richard, d. 1650? son of the Rev. William
Crashaw, was a native of London, and educated at the
Charterhouse, and Pembroke Hall, Cambridge. In 1637
he was Fellow of Peterhouse. Entering the Church, he
became distinguished as an eloquent preacher, but was
| ejected in 1644 for refusing to take the Covenant. He
now removed to France, and became a convert to the Ro-
man Catholic religion. In 1646 Cowley found him in
Paris in great pecuniary distress, and secured him the in
fluence of Henrietta Maria, whose commendatory letters
procured him the posts of secretary to one of the cardinals,
and canon of the church of Loretto. Soon after this last
promotion he died of a fever, about 1650. In 1634 he pub.
a vol. of Latin poems, in one of which occurs the well-
known line-sometimes ascribed to Dryden-referring to
the miracle of the conversion of water into wine:
|
|
"Nympha pudica Deum vidit et erubuit."
The modest water saw its God, and blushed.
His English Poems, Steps to the Temple. The Delights of
the Muses, and Carmen Deo Nostro, were pub. in 1646, 12mo,
and 1648, 12mo. Carmen Deo Nostro, te decet Hymnus:
Sacred Poems, collected, Paris, 1652, 8vo. Poetry, with
some Account of the Author and Introductory Address, by
Peregrine Phillips, 1758, 12mo. Poetical Works; now first
completely edited by W. B. Turnbull, 1858, fp. 8vo. His
poetry consists principally of religious invocations and
translations of uncommon merit from the Latin and Italian.
His luxuriance of imagination and exquisite facility in
the expression of his poetical visions have seldom been
surpassed. Among his best-known pieces are Hymn to
the Name of Jesus; Lines on a Prayer-Book; Music's
Duel; the translation from Moschus, Catullus, and of a
portion of Marino's Sospetto d'Herode. The latter will
remind the reader as forcibly of Paradise Lost as the
same author's Elegies on St. Alexis will recall the fervid
strains in which Eloisa invokes Abelard. Mr. Hayley con-
siders that Pope conferred quite as much as he borrowed:
"If Pope borrowed any thing from Crashaw in this article, it
was only as the sun borrows from the earth, when drawing from
thence a mere vapour, he makes it the delight of every eye, by giv
ing it all the tender and gorgeous colouring of heaven.'
Pope thus announces his favourite pieces in Crashaw's
collection:
“I will just observe that the best pieces of this author are a
Paraphrase on Psalm xiii.-On Lessius.-Epitaph on Mr. Ashton.-—
Wishes to his supposed Mistress, and the Dies Ira."-Letter to H.
Cromwell, Dec. 17, 1710.
Crashaw's editor dissents from this opinion:
"The reader must determine whether Mr. Pope has mentioned
the best pieces: on the contrary, whether many much superior
are not to be met with in the little work before us; and if so, what
fair reason could there be for such a partial selection."-Phillips's
Crashaw, p. 22.
Selden and Cowley were intimate friends of our poet,
and the monody in which the latter laments his death has
been highly commended:
"Cowley seems to have had what Milton is believed to have
wanted, the skill to rate his own performances by their just value;
and has therefore closed his Miscellanies with the Verses upon
Crashaw, which apparently excel all that have gone before them;
think not only above their attainment, but above their ambition."
and in which there are beauties which common authors may justly
Dr. Johnson's Life of Cowley.
"Crashaw has originality in many parts, and as a translator. is
entitled to the highest applause."—Headley's Select Beauties of An-
cient Eng. Poetry.
"Poet and Saint! to thee alone are given.
The two most sacred names of earth and heaven.
*
*
How well (blest Swan) did fate contrive thy death,
And made thee render up thy tuneful breath
In thy great mistress' arms? Thou most divine
And richest offering of Loretto's shrine."-COWLEY.
Crashaw, William, father of the preceding, was
preacher at the Temple, and was as much opposed to Ro-
manism as his son was in favour of it. Roman Forgeries,
and Falsifications of Authors, Lon., 1606, 4to. Newes from
Italy of a second Moses, &c., 1608, 4to; being the life of
the Marquesse of Vico, from the Latin of Beza, by W. C.,
1608, Svo. In this is contained "the story of his admira-
ble conversion from popery.' Fiscus Papalis, 1617, 4to.
See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., ii. 468, '69. The Jesuites
Gospel, written by themselves, laid open and reproved, 1641,
4to. Other theological works; see Bibl. Bib.
>>
*
*
Crauford, Capt. C. Events of the War, 1756-63,
and a Treatise on some branches of the Military Art, trans.
Lon., 1787, 3 vols. 8vo.
Crauford, Crawfurd, or Crawford, David, 1665-
1726, a lawyer and historiographer of Scotland. Memoirs
of the Affairs of Scotland, 1566-81, Edin., 1706, 8vo; 1767,
12mo. His veracity has been questioned: see M. Laing's
Pref. to his ed. of the Historie and Life of James the Sixth,
Edin., 1804, Svo.
Crauford, George. Treats. on Polit. Econ., 1785-1809.
117
CRA
CRA
Craufurd, Lt. Col. Spanish Life, 1837, 2 vols. Svo.
Craufurd, A. Essay on the Development of Func-
tions, Lon., 1844, 8vo. Verses on various occasions, 1846,
12mo.
Craufurd, Charles H. Serms., Lon., 1840, 8vo.
Craufurd, Sir G. W. Examinations on Butler's Ana-
logy, 3d ed., Lon., 1847, 12mo.
Craufurd, George. See CRAUFORD.
Craufurd, John Lindesay, Earl of. Memoirs
from his own Papers, &c., Lon., 1769, 12mo. R. Rolt also
pub. his Memoirs, 1753, 4to.
Craufurd, Quintin.
Hindoos, 1792, 2 vols. 8vo.
Svo. Other works.
"Dying Thoughts will prove a real friend to the devout reader."
Crawford, William. 1. Remarks on Lord Chester-
field's Letters to his Son. 2. Sermon, 1776, '86.
Hist. of Ireland in a Series of Letters, Strabane, 1783,
Crawford, William, D.D., of Straiton, Scotland.
2 vols. 8vo. See an unfavourable notice in the London
Monthly Review, lxx. 39, which concludes thus:
"We are sorry there is no Indez. Au omission of this kind is
particularly inexcusable in a History."
Or inexcusable in any work which aspires to take a
permanent place in literature. "What, even in works of
imagination or fancy?" Yes, even in such. Dr. Johnson
advocated an Index for Clarissa, and who would not de-
Let not this
light to see one to the Waverley Novels?
hint be thrown away. Mrs. Clarke has given us an index
to Shakspeare-let us next have one to Scott. Who will
GRAVINE of.
Craven, Isaac. Sermon, Lon., 1658, 4to.
Craven, Hon. R. Keppel. Tour through the South- undertake it? Profit and honour await him. We have
ern Provinces of Naples, Lon., 1821, 4to.
already expressed ourselves at large upon the Index head:
See AYSCOUGH, SAMUEL. Dr. Crawford also pub. a vol.
of Sermons, Edin., 1815, Svo.
Sketches, &c., relating to the
A. and M. India, 1817, 2 vols.
A. and M. India, 1817, 2 vols.
Craufurd, Thomas. Prof. of Philos. and Math. in
the College of Edinburgh, in 1646. Locorum Nominum,
&c. Scotorum historiis, &c., emend. C. Irvinis, Edin., 1665,
12mo. Notes, &c., on Buchanan's Hist. of Scot., 1708,
12mo. Hist. of Univ. of Edinburgh, 1580-1646, 1808, 8vo.
“An extraordinary critick in the history and antiquities of Scot-
land."-Bishop Nicolson: Scot. Hist. Lib.
Craven. See CARLETON, CAPT.
Craven, Lady Elizabeth. See ANSPACH, MAR-
"His work, without pretending to deep science or extensive
scholarship. is both entertaining and instructive.”—Edin. Review.
Excursions in the Abruzzi and Northern Provinces of
Naples, 1838, 2 vols. 8vo.
6.
To all those who have ever 'swam in a gondola,' &c. these
volumes will be received as welcome.”—Lon. Athenæum.
Craven, William, 1731-1815, Prof. of Arabic, Cam-
bridge, educated at St. John's College. Sermons on the
Evidence of a Future State of Rewards and Punishments,
&c., Camb., 1776, 8vo. ·
"The subject is treated with great perspicuity, and Mr. Hume's
objections solidly refuted."-BISHOP WATSON.
Sermon, &c., Lon., 1798, 8vo. Discourses, &c., in An-
swer to Mr. Hume, Camb., 1802, 8vo.
"We recommend it, as furnishing a series of important facts and
observations, to all ingenious inquirers into the very interesting
subject of which it treats."-Edin. Review.
"A work which cannot fail of being popular in every portion of
our seagirt isle, and of being read with delight by all who feel inte
rested in the right hand of our country-its navy."-Plymouth
Herald.
Crawford, Col. Ireland's Ingratitude to the Parlia-
ment of England, Lon., 1643, 4to.
Crawford. The Olive Branch, a Poem, Lon., 1814, 8vo.
Crawford, Mrs. The Lady of the Bedchamber, Lon.,
2 vols. p. 8vo. The Double Marriage.
|
"A first-rate novel, both as regards purity of style, the interest
of the tale. and life-like development of character."-Lon. Ev. Post.
Crawford, Capt. Reminiscences of distinguished
Commanders, Lon., 1850, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
Crawford, A. Account of Mr. Stern, 1760, 8vo.
Crawford, Adair, d. 1795, Prof. of Chemistry, Wool-
wich. Animal Heat, 1779, Svo. Reviewed by Wm. Mor-
gan, 1781, 8vo. Tonics; edited by Alex. Crawford, 1817.
Phil. Trans., 1790.
Crawford, Charles. Dissert. on the Phædo of
Plato, Lon., 1774, 8vo. Several polit. and theolog. pub-
lications, 1776-1811.
Crawford, G. Drainage Act, Dubl., 1843, 12mo.
Crawford, G., and Edw. S. Dix, Cases in Courts of Law
and Equity in Ireland, 1837, '38, &c., Dubl., 1839, 8vo.
Cases on the Circuits in Ireland, 1839-42, 2 vols. and 3
parts of vol. 3d, Dubl., 1844, 8vo.
Crawford, George. Discourses, Edin., 1832, 12mo.
Crawford, George M. The Case of Saunders v.
Smith, as to Copyright in Law Reports, Lon., 1839, 8vo.
Crawford, James, Writer to the Signet, d. 1783.
The Decisions of the Court of Session, &c.
"The true muse of native pastoral seeks not to adorn herself with
unnatural ornaments; her spirit is in homely love and fireside
and like the of the land, she utters
nothing out of keeping with the character of her people, and the
aspect of the soil; and of this spirit, and of this feeling, Crawford
is a large partaker.”—ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: see Chambers's Cyc. of
Eng. Lit.
Crawford, James, M.D. Practical Remarks on the
Sympathy of the Parts of the Body.
Crawford, John. Statue to K. William, &c.
Crawford, John. 1. Theory of Physic. 2. Causes,
&c., 1724, '32,
Crawford, John Lindesay, Earl of. See CRAU-
FURD.
Crawford, William, 1676-1742, a Scottish divine,
a native of Kelso. Dying Thoughts. Sermons, Lon.,
1825, 12mo.
Crawford, William H., and Horatio Marbury.
A Digest of the Laws of Georgia, Savannah, 1802, 4to.
Prepared under the special authority of the State.
Crawfurd, Charles. See CRAWFORD.
Crawfurd, David. See CRAUFURD.
Crawfurd, Thomas. See CRAUFURD.
Crawfurd, George. 1. Hist. of the Family of the
Stewarts, 1034-1710, Edin., 1710, fol. New edit. to the
present time by W. Semple, Paisley, 1782, 4to. Enlarged
and continued to present time by George Robertson, Pais-
ley, 1818, 4to. A valuable work. 2. The Peerage of
Scotland, Edin., 1716, fol.
"As the first publication on the Peerage of Scotland, this work
is deserving of great praise."
Lives and Characters of the Crown and State Officers of
Scotland. Edin., 1726, fol., vol. i. only pub.
Crawfurd, John, late British Resident at the Court
of the Sultan of Java. 1. Hist. of the Indian Archipelago,
Edin., 1820, 3 vols. 8vo.
"This is a valuable work, particularly in what relates to the
actual commerce and commercial capabilities of these islands: it
also treats of the manners, religion, language, &c. of the inhabit
ants; but on some of these points not with the soundest judg
ment, or the most accurate information."-STEVENSON: Voy. and
Trav.
Dr. Murray tells us that he was induced to omit a de.
scription of the Islands of the Indian Archipelago, in con-
sequence of so "full and interesting a view having been
given by Mr. Crawfurd." See Hist. Acct. of Discoveries
and Trav. in Asia.
2. Siam and Cochin China, 1828, 4to; 2d ed., 1830,
2 vols. 8vo.
"A very valuable contribution to the geography and statistics
of the Oriental world, and one of the most interesting narratives
we have for some time past been called upon to notice.”—Lon.
Monthly Review.
3. Court of Ava in 1827, 1829, 4to; 2d ed., 1834, 2 vols.
8vo.
"This, like Mr. Crawfurd's other publications, contains a large
store of information, and many sound and judicious remarks on
the institutions and manners of the East."-Westminster Review.
"This and the preceding work give not only the latest, but the
best and most authentic, accounts of the countries referred to;
and have added most materially to our knowledge of a very large
portion of Eastern Asia."-MCCULLOCH: Lit. of Polit. Economy.
Mr. Crawfurd is also one of the contributors-the others
are Hugh Murray, Peter Gordon, Capt. Thomas Lynn, and
Professors Wallace and Burnett-to the excellent account
of China, illustrated by Jackson, pub. in 3 vols. sm. 8vo,
forming part of Oliver and Boyd's Edin. Cab. Library.
"The best digest which has yet appeared, adapted to the object
in view, that of giving a popular account of the empire of China."
-Asiatic Journal.
4. Inquiry into the System of Taxation in India, 8vo.
5. Letters on the Interior of India, 8vo. 6. Taxes on Know-
ledge, 1836, 8vo. The taxes objected to-the stamp-duty
on newspapers, and the duty on paper-were subsequently
reduced, the former about 66, and the latter about 50, per
cent.; and the duty on newspapers has also been repealed.
7. Grammar and Dictionary of the Malay Language, 1852,
vols. 8vo.
Crawford, John, M.D. 1. Liver. 2. Muscles, 1772,'86.
Crawford, John. Philosophy of Wealth, 3d edit.,
Lon., 1847, 8vo.
Crawford, Patrick. Returne from Poperie, 1627, 4to.
Crawford, Robert, d. 1733, gained some celebrity
as the author of The Bush aboon Traquair, and the ad-2
mired lyric of Tweedside. He assisted Allan Ramsay in
his "Tea Table Miscellanies."
"These volumes are inestimable to the philologist as well as the
Eastern traveller and trader.”—Lon. Examiner,
·
418
CRA
CRE
Crawskey, John. The Countryman's Instructor,
Lon., 1636, 4to. The Good Husband's Jewel, York, 1661.
Crayon, Geoffrey. See IRVING, WASHINGTON.
Creamer, Hannah G., b. at Salem, Mass. Gift for
Young Students. Eleanor. Delia's Doctors, &c.
Crease, J. Prophecies Fulfilling, 1785, 8vo.
Crease, Jas. 1. Varnishing. 2. Wood Work, 1800, '03.
Creaser, Thomas. Vaccine Inoculation, 1800, '03.
Creasy, Edward Shepherd, M.A., b. 1812, at Bex-
ley, in Kent, Eng., Prof. of Hist. at Univ. Coll., Lon. 1.
Parega: Poems, 1843, r. 8vo. 2. Eton College, Lon., 1848,
p. 8vo: 3e0 Lon. Lit. Gaz., 1848, 305. 3. Text-Book of the
Constitution, 1848, 8vo: see No. 10. 4. Sub Rege Sacerdos:
Comments on Bp. Hampden's Case, 1848, 8vo. 5. Eminent
Etonians, 1850, r. 8vo. 6. Battle of Waterloo, 1852, 12mo.
7. Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World: Marathon to
Waterloo, 1852, 8vo; 9th ed., 1858. 8. Invasions and Pro-
jected Invasions of England from the Saxon Times, 1852,
8vo. 9. History of the Ottoman Turks, 1856, 2 vols. 8vo.
10. Rise and Progress of the English Constitution, 1856,
8vo. This is the 3d ed. of No. 3.
4
"An admirable summary of knowledge, which every well-edu-
cated Englishman ought to possess."-Lon. Lit. Gaz.
Creech, Rev. Thomas, 1659-1701, Fellow of All
Souls' College. Trans. of Lucretius, Oxf., 1682, 8vo; best
ed., Glasgow, 1759, 12mo.
-HARTLEY COLERIDGE.
"Creech's Lucretius, the notes included, is a great performance."
Trans. of Horace, 1684. Creech also pub. translations
from Theocritus, Ovid, Plutarch, Juvenal, and others.
Creech committed suicide, which rash act Jacob ascribes
to his splenetic temper.
But Mr. Malone has proved that Creech had previously
exhibited marks of insanity. See Biog. Brit.
"Creech is a much better translator than he is usually supposed
and allowed to be. He is a nervous and vigorous writer: and
many parts not only of his Lucretius, but of his Theocritus and
Horace, (though now decried,) have not been excelled by other
translators. One of his pieces may be pronounced excellent; his
translation of the thirteenth satire of Juvenal; equal to any that
Dryden has given us of that author."-DR. WARTON,-an un-
doubted judge.
A Step to Oxford-an Essay on Creech's Suicide-was
pub., Lon., 1700, 4to.
Creech, William, 1745-1815, an eminent bookseller
of Edinburgh. Trial of Brodie and Smith, Edin., 1789,
4to. Edinburgh Fugitive Pieces, Edin., 1791, Svo; new
ed., 1815, Svo.
Creed, Cary E. Of Pembroke's Statues, 1731, 4to.
Creed, Wm. 1. Refuter. 2. Sermon. 3. Sermon,
Lon., 1660.
Creffield, Edward. Theolog. treatises, 1711-77.
Creichton, Capt. John. Memoirs of, from his own
materials; drawn up and digested by Dean J. Swift, 1731.
By the Dean's interest in this work, £200 was secured to
the aged soldier. See an interesting account of the work
in the Lon. Retrosp. Review, v. 238.
Creigh, Alfred, b. 1810, in Penna. Masonry and
Anti-Masonry, Svo. Analytical Text Book for the Ma-
sonic Student, 12mo.
Creighton, H. Ruins of Gour, 1817, r. 4to.
Creighton, J. C. Acts relating to Insolvent Debtors,
Dubl., 1841, Svo.
became chaplain to Thomas, Lord Wentworth, and subse-
quently to Lucius, Lord Falkland, who promoted him to
the deanery of Laughlin, and a canonry of Windsor, which
the troubles of the times prevented his enjoying. He
travelled in Italy, and in 1646, whilst at Rome, embraced
the Roman Catholic religion. He resided for seven or
more years in the College of Douay, where he changed his
name to Serenus de Cressey. After the Restoration he
came to England, and became chaplain to Queen Cathe-
rine. Shortly before his death he retired to Grinstead in
Sussex.
Examologesis, or a faithful Narrative of the Conversion
unto Catholique Unity, of Hugh Paulin, lately Deane of
Laghlin in Ireland, and Prebend of Windsore in England,
Paris, 1647, sm. 8vo; 1653, 8vo. The last ed. contains an
answer to J. P., author of the preface to Lord Falkland's
work on Infidelity.
<%
His Examologesis was the golden calf which the English
Papists fell down and worshipped. They brag'd that book to be
unanswerable, and to have given a total overthrow to the Chil
lingworthians, and book and tenets of Lucius, Lord Falkland."-
Athen. OzoN.
"Among the Catholic writers in the reign of Charles the Second,
none was more distinguished than Hugh Paul Cressy. The fruit
of his studies appeared in his Examologesis."-CHARLES Butler.
Sancta Sophia, Douay, 1657, 2 vols. Svo: see BAKER,
DAVID. R. C. Doctrines no Novelties, 1663, Svo. Church
Hist. of Brittany, or England, from the beginning of
Christianity to the Norman Conquest, Roan, 1668, fol.;
Vol. ii. was unfinished
completed only to about 1350.
when the author died. This is compiled principally from
the Annales Ecclesiæ Britannica of MICHAEL ALFORD,
q. v., vols. i. and ii. of Monast. Anglic., the Decem Scrip-
tores Hist. Anglicanæ, and the collections of DAVID BAKER,
q. v., et Athen. Oxon.
Cressey has been blamed, particularly by Lord Clarendon,
for introducing the accounts of so many miracles and
monkish stories into this history; but Wood excuses him
as follows:
"Yet let this be said of him, that for as much that he doth
mostly quote his authors for, and leaves what he says to the judg
ment of the readers. he is to be excused, and in the meantime to
be commended for his grave and good stile, proper for an ecclesias-
tical historian.”—Athen. Ozon.
Sixteen Revelations of Divine Love. Fanaticism fana-
tically imputed to the Catholic Church, by Dr. Stillingfleet,
and the imputation refuted and retorted, 1672, Sro. Ques-
tion, Why are you a Catholic? with the Answer; Why are
you a Protestant? an Answer attempted in vain, Lon.,
1672, 8vo. Answer to Dr. Stillingfleet's Idolatry practised
in the Church of Rome, 1674, Svo. The Earl of Claren-
don came to the rescue in a Vindication of Dr. Stilling-
fleet. This elicited Cressey's Epistle Apologetical to s
Person of Honour, touching his Vindication of Dr. Stil-
lingfieet, 1674, 8vo. Cressey pub. an Answer to Bagshaw,
1662, a Letter and Remarks upon the Oaths of Supremacy
and Allegiance. Clarendon had been his acquaintance at
Oxford, and lamented his change of religion :
"If we cannot keep him a minister of our church, I wish he
would continue a layman in theirs, which would somewhat lessen
the defection, and, it may be, preserve a greater portion of his in-
nocence."-Letter to Earle: see State Papers, Oxf., 1773, vol. ii. 322,
and Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., iii. 1016.
Cresswell, C. See BARNEWALL, R. V.
Cresswell, Daniel, D.D., 1776-1844, Fellow of
Trinity College, Cambridge.
Trinity College, Cambridge. Linear Perspective, Camb.,
1811, Šro. Maxima and Minima, 1816, 8vo, 1822. Sphe-
rics, 1816, 8vo. Sup. to the Elements of Euclid, 1822, Svo:
Treatise of Geometry, 1822, 8vo. Sermons on Domestio
Duties, Lon., 1829, 12mo.
Creighton, James. Origin of true Religion, Lon.,
Origin of true Religion, Lon.,
1803, Svo.
Fenelon's Dialogues on Eloquence, trans. by
Simpson; new ed., 1808, Svo.
Creighton, or Crighton, Robert, 1593-1672, edu-
cated at Trinity College, Cambridge, Bishop of Bath and
Wells, 1670, trans. Sylvester Syguropolus's History of the
Council of Florence from Greek into Latin, Hague, 1660.
Wood states that he had some sermons in print.
Creighton, Robert, D.D., 1639-1736, son of the
above, pub. a vol. of Sermons in 1720. He was quite fa-
mous for skill in Church Music. The celebrated anthem
for four voices, "I will arise and go to my Father," pub.
by Dr. Boyce, is the composition of Dr. Creighton.
Cresner, A. Vindication of, Lon., 1687, 4to.
Cressener, Drue, D.D. Judgments of God on the ponsio ad Edictum, Roma, 1593, 4to.
R. Catholic Church, Lon., 1689, 4to. Demonstration of
the First Principles of the Protestant Applications of the
Apocalypse, 1690, 4to.
"A work full of instruction and copious testimonies from the
Romanists."-BICKERSTEth.
Cresswell, R. N. Cases of Insolv. Debtors, Lon.,
1830, Sro
Cresswell, Thos. E. Narrative of his Affair with
Miss Sce, 1747, 8vo.
Cresswick. The Female Reader; pieces in prose and
verse, Lon., 1781, 12mo.
Cressy, H. P. de. See CRESSEY.
Cresswell, Jos. Elizabethæ Angliæ, Regina Res-
"Written to prove the lawfulness of rising against an heretic
prince."-LOWNDES.
Cresy, Edward. Architecture of the Middle Ages
of Italy, Lon., imp. 4to. Treatise on Bridges, Vaults, &c.,
1839, fol. Analytical Index to Hope's Architecture, Svo.
Encyclopædia of Civil Engineering, Historical, Theoreti-
cal, and Practical, Illustrated by upwards of 3000 engrav-
Cresset, Edward, d. 1754, Bishop of Llandaff, 1748.
Serm., Ps. lxvi. 7, Lon., 1749, 4to; 2 Tim. ii. 9, 1753, 4to.
Cressey, or Cressy, Hugh Paulin de, or Sere-ings on wood, by R. Branston, pp. 1655, Lon., 1847, Svo,
nus, 1605-1674, a native of Wakefield, Yorkshire, Fellow
of Merton College, Oxford, 1626, took holy orders, and
£3 138. 6d.
29
K
An extremely valuable book, filled with information of tho
most important kind to the young engineer."-Lon. Artisan.
419
12
CRE
CRI
+
Creuze, A. F. B., editor of the Papers on Naval
Architecture. Treat. on the Theory and Prac. of Naval
Architecture, Edin., 1840, 4to: see Encyc. Brit., 7th edit.
"One of the best, because the clearest and at the same time most
perfectly comprehensive, disquisitions on ship-building."
Crevecœur, Hector St. John, 1731-1813, b. at Caen,
Normandy, of a noble family, settled in America, 1754. 1.
Letters from an American Farmer, Phila., 1794; Lon., 1782:
see Edin. Rev., Oct. 1829; Ayscough, SaML. Trans. into
French, 2 edits., Paris, 1784, '87. 2. Voyage dans le Haut
Pennsylvanie et dans l'État de New York, par un Membre
Adoptif de la Nation Oneida, Paris, 1801, 3 vols. 8vo.
Crewdson, Isaac. A Beacon to the Society of
Friends, Lon., 1835, 12mo.
"An admirable work."-LOWNDES.
Crewe, Charles H. Seven weeks in the West, Lon.,
1841, 12mo. Doctrine of the N. Test. on Prayer, 18mo.
The System behind the Age, 1846, 12mo.
Crewe, Thomas. Nosegay of Moral Philos., &c.,
Lon., 1580, &c
Crewe, or Ciew, Sir Thomas. Proceedings and
Debates in the House of Commons, Lon., 1707, Svo.
Creyghton, Robert, D.D. See CREIGHTON.
Cribb, William. Med. Treatise, Lon., 1773, 8vo.
Crichton, Alexander, M.D. Mental Derangement,
Lon., 1798, 2 vols. Svo. Table of Diseases, 1805. Tar as
a cure for Pulmonary Consumption, 1818. Arnica Mon-
tana; the Lichislandicus; in Med. Jour., vol. x.
Crichton, Sir A. M. Commentaries on some Doc-
trines of a dangerous tendency in Medicine, Lon., 1842, Svo.
Crichton, Andrew. Converts from Infidelity, being
vols. vi. and vii. of Constable's Miscellany.
"These vols. amply illustrate the truth of Abp. Sharpe's asser
tion, that the best evidences of Christianity might be obtained.
from the death-bed."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
Koch's Revolutions of Europe; from the French, 3 vols.
18mo.
"A most useful work, and writter. with much care."-HEEREN.
History of Arabia, Ancient and Modern, 1848, 2 vols.
sm. 8vo.
"We recommend this able and elaborate work to our readers,
as the only one in the Jinglish language to which they can refer
with the expectation of obtaining satisfactory information on the
history and national character of the Arabs."-Lon. Monthly Rev.
Scandinavia, Ancient and Modern; being a History of
Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, by A. Crichton and Henry
Wheaton, author of the Hist. of the Northmen, &c., 2 vols.
sm. 8vo; 2d ed., 1848.
"To the student of our own early records, this work will prove
a valuable auxiliary."-Asiatic Journal.
"A complete account of its subject."-Lon. Spectator.
"These will not exhibit him in a very high point of view.
Some fancy, perhaps, may be thought to be displayed in the
longest of his poems, which was written on occasion of his ap-
proach to the city of Venice. . . . The other three poems have still
Jess to recommend them. Indeed his verses will not stand the test
of a rigid examination, even with regard to quantity.”—Bing. Brit.
Crichton was as celebrated for his personal beauty, and
his skill in fencing, drawing, and other polite accomplish-
ments, as for his marvellous erudition. Joannes Imperia-
lis, an Italian biographer, cannot say enough in his praise:
"What can more exceed our comprehension, than that Crich-
ton, in the twenty-first year of his age, should be master of ten
diferent languages, and perfectly well versed in philosophy, ma-
thematics, theology, polite literature, and all other sciences? Be
sides, was it ever heard, in the whole compass of the globe, that to
these extraordinary endowments of the mind, should be added a
singular skill in fencing, dancing, singing, riding, and in every
exercise of the gymnastic art?”
This is sufficiently high-flown, but Imperialis has not
done with us yet; for he goes on to declare that when
Crichton died,
"The report of so sad a catastrophe was spread to the remotest
parts of the earth; that it disturbed universal Nature; and that
in her grief for the loss of the Wonder she had produced, she
threatened never more to confer such honour upon mankind.”
The last paragraph is not to be disputed. Certainly the
world has since seen no such Phoenix! We should not
omit to mention that Crichton's tract of Epicedium illus-
trissimii et reverendissimi Cardinalis Boromæi, Mediolani,
1584, 4to-so rare that it is asserted there is no other copy
known than that in the Sapienza College at Rome-was
reprinted in 1825 by a distinguished book-collector for pri-
vate distribution. 25 copies were struck off on paper, and
one on vellum.
رن
Crighton, Robert. See CREIGHTON.
Crimmin, D. M. Diss. upon Rhetoric, Lon., 1811, Svo.
Crimsall, Richard. Cupid's Solicitor of Love, with
sundry Compliments, Lon., 12mo.
Crine. Management of the Gout, 1758, 8vo.
Cripps, Henry W. Reports, 1849-50. Laws relating
to the Church and Clergy, Lon., 1845, Svo; 2d ed., 1850.
"Mr. Cripps has taken the happy via media between too copious
and elaborate a Codex of Church Law on the one side, and a vade
mecum of it, in a too abstract and narrow consideration, on the
other."-3 L. M. N. S. 151.
Cririe, James, D.D. Scottish Scenery; or Sketches
in Verse, &c., Lon., 1803, 4to.
Crisp, J. The Conveyancer's Guide, or Law Student's
Recreation, a Poem, 3d ed., Lon., 1835, 12mo. Mr. Crisp
is a wag. He here teaches the principles of Conveyancing
in Hudibrastic verse! He insists that Poetry is the ori-
ginal language of the Law! Every lawyer must have it.
Crisp, John. Nature of Vision, Lon., 1796, Svo.
Crisp, Samuel, son of Tobias. Christ made Sin,
Lon., 1691, 4to. New ed., 1832, 2 vols. 8vo. See CRISP,
TOBIAS.
With much earnestness we recommend this masterly defence
of Dr. Crisp, written by his son; happy such a father, and blessed
is such a progeny !"-Lón. Gospel Mug.
Christ Alone Exalted in Dr. Tobias Crisp's Sermons; in
answer to Mr. D. Williams's Pref. to his Gospel Truth
stated, Lon., 1693, 4to.
Crisp, Samuel. Two Theolog. Letters, Lon., 1795, 8vo.
Crisp, Stephen, a Quaker. Charitable Advice, Lon.,
1688, 4to. Serms. or Declarations, 1693, 94, 3 vols. 8vo.
A Word in due season, 4to.
Crichton, James, "The Admirable," can hardly
claim much space as an author, but shall not be altogether
omitted. His birth has been generally placed in 1551, but
Lord Buchan has decided that he was born in August,
1560. His lordship also settles upon July, 1582, as the
time of his death. He was the son of Robert Crichton,
Lord Advocate of Scotland, and was descended by his
mother, a Stuart, from King Robert II. After studying
at the Perth, and at the University of St. Andrew's, and
"acquiring a knowledge of ten languages, and all the
sciences when 16 to 20 years of age," (!) he travelled
abroad, and visiting Paris, Venice, Rome, &c., challenged Some good old bishop used to say that when a man en-
Surely 52 opponents were too much for a mortal man!
the Rabbi of the different universities to learned disputa-gaged in controversy, he might bid adieu to peace.
If,
tions upon any subject whatever. He was killed, it is then, one disputant can rob us of peace, 52 would soon fin-
said, in a rage of jealousy,-a lady, of course, being the ish the most robust! The principal parties in this contro-
exciting cause,-by Vincentio, his pupil, a son of Gonzaga, versy were Williams, Edwards, Lorimer, &c. against Crisp,
Duke of Mantua. Those who would know more of one
and Chauncey Mather, Lobb, &c. on his side. Crisp left
of the most remarkable characters of history, must con-
gult the works of Sir Thomas Urquhart, Bayle, Joannes maintained for seven years.
them to carry on the war-he died in 1642-and it was
After his death 14 of hig
Imperialis, Francis Douglas, Patrick Fraser Tytler, and
the article by Dr. Kippis in the Biog. Brit., partially com- 1643, 8vo; 17 serms. do., 1644, Svo; 11 serms. do., 1646;
serms. were pub. under the title of Christ Alone Exalted,
piled from a MS. drawn up by the Earl of Buchan, for the 2 serms. do., 1683, 8vo.
Society of Antiquaries at Edinburgh. In the Biog. Brit. New ed., with Explanatory Notes and a Memoir by Dr.
Christ made sin, Lon., 1691, 4to.
will be found four Latin Poems, the only literary remains Gill, 1832, 2 vols. 8vo. See an account of this celebrated
of the Admirable Crichton.
controversy in Bogue's Hist. of the Dissenters, and in Nel-
son's Life of Bishop Bull. Sec CRISP, SAMUEL, ante. The
Dr. seems to have been a most excellent man, however
erroneous may have been his views.
"His life was so innocent and harmless from all evil, so zealous
and fervent in all good, that it seemed to be designed as a practical
confutation of the slander of those who would insinuate that his
doctrine tended to licentiousness."-LANCASTER.
and for his great hospitality."-NEAL.
"He was much followed for his edifying manner of preaching,
studied at Eton and Cambridge, and afterwards removed
Crisp, Tobias, D.D., 1600-1642, a native of London,
to Baliol College, Oxford. He became Rector of Brink-
worth, Wiltshire, in 1627. In 1642 he removed to London
to escape "the insolencies" of the Cavaliers, who disliked
his puritanical principles and republican tendencies.
"Where [in London] his opinions [Antinomian] being soon dis-
covered, he was baited by 52 opponents in a grand dispute concern-
ing freeness of the grace of God in Jesus Christ to poor sinners,
&c. By which encounter, which was eagerly managed on his part,
he contracted a disease that brought him to his grave.”—Athen.
Oxrm.
"One of the first patrons of Calvinism run mad."-Bogue and
Bennett's History of the Dissenters.
"Crisp's statements are not scripturally guarded, and their ten-
dency is to weaken the abomination of sin."-BICKERSTETH: Chris
tian Student.
"Crisp's works, with explanatory notes by Dr. Gill, have in them
CRI
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a singular mixture of excellence and faults. What is exception-
able arises chiefly from unqualified expressions, rather than from
the author's main design."-DR. E. WILLIAMS: Christian Preacher
Crispe, Samuel, of Bungay. Serm., Lon., 1686, 4to.
Crispe, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1682,
'94, '97.
Crispin, Gilbert, d. 1114 or 1117, a noble Norman,
was brought to England by Lanfrane, who made him Abbot
of Westminster, which dignity he is said to have enjoyed
for 32 years-until his death. Two of his works were
printed. 1. De Fide Ecclesia contra Judæos; vide Sancti
Anselmi opera, fol., Parisiis, 1721, pp. 512-544. 2. Vita
B. Herluini Beccensis abbatis primi et conditoris; vide
Acta Sanctorum, &c., Paris, 1701, fol.
•
"Most of the treatises ascribed by Cave and others to Gilbert
Crispin belong to other persons of the name of Gilbert."— Wright's|
Bing. Brit. Lil.; q. v. el Leland. Bale. Pits. Tanner.
Cristall, Ann Batten.
Poetical Sketches, Lon.,
1795, Svo.
"These sketches possess considerable merit."-Witt's Bibl. Bril.
Crittenden, S. W. Treatise on Book-Keeping, Phila.,
r. Svo, and school edit., Phila.
"The elementary portion is simple, clear, comprehensive, and
gradually progressive; and the whole work is of a pre-eminently
practical character."
Croce, Giovanni. Musica Sacra, 1608, 6 Pts. "For
a full, lofty, and sprightly rein he was second to none.”
See Peacham's Compleat Gentleman.
Crocker, Abr. Theological, educational, and other
works. Elements of Land-Surveying, 1805, 12mo; new
ed.. by T. G. Bunt. 1842, p. 8vo.
Crocker, Hannah Mather, grand-daughter of the
Rev. Dr. Cotton Mather, (post,) and widow of Joseph
Crocker, of Taunton, Mass. 1. Letters on Free Ma-
sonry, 1815; with a Preface by Thaddeus Mason Harris,
D.D., who urged the republication of these letters, which
originally appeared in a newspaper in 1810. 2. The
School of Reform: Seaman's Safe Pilot to the Cape of
Good Hope, by the Seaman's Friend. 3. Observations on
the Rights of Woman, 1818. This vol. is dedicated to
Miss Hannah More. Mrs. Crocker drew up a statement
respecting the history of Madam Knight, the schoolmis-
tress of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. (see p. 1040, post,) which
can be seen in the library of the Antiquarian Society of
Worcester, Mass. See Bost. Living Age, No. 735, June
26, 1858.
Crocker, Zebulon. Catastrophe of the Pres. Church,
1838, 12mo.
Crocket, G. F. H. Abolition of Cap. Punishment,
Georgt., Kentucky. 1823.
Croft, G. The Christian Instructor, Lon., 1825, 12mo.
Croft, George, D.D., 1747-1809, Fellow of Univ. Col-
lege, Oxford. Theolog. works, Lon., 1784-1811. Eight
Serms. at the Bampton Lecture, 1786, Oxf., 1786, Svo.
Croft, Sir Herbert, d. 1622, became a R. Catholic at
the age of 52, and entered the monastery of the English
Benedictines at Douay, where he resided until his death.
1. Letters persuasive to his Wife and Children in England
to take upon them the Catholic Religion. 2. Arguments,
&c. 3. Reply to the Auswer of his daughter. (Mary,)
which she made to a paper of his, Douay, circa 1619, 12mo.
Eight copies printed. See Athen. Oxon.
Croft, Herbert, D.D., 1603-1691, son of the preced-
ing, was educated at the English College at St. Omer's,
returned to England in 1622, abjured Romanism, and en-
terea the Church of England. Prebendary of Salisbury,
1639; Dean of Hereford, 1644; Bishop of Hereford, 1691.
The Naked Truth; or the True State of the Primitive
Church, Lon., 1675, 4to. The object of this book was to
prove that Protestants agree in essentials and should che-
rish a spirit of unity.
"It drew the eyes of all that could look upon it. It was a divine
manifestation of a primitive Christian spirit of love."-EDWARD
PEARSE: The Conformist's Plea for Nonconformists.
The title of the above indicates the zeal of the bishop of
behalf of the Protestant cause.
his principles in the preamble to his Will:
He takes pains to reaffirm
"I do in all humble manner most heartily thank God, that he
hath been most graciously pleased, by the light of his most boly
gospel, to recall me from the darkness of gross errors and popish
superstitions into which I was seduced in my younger days, and
professed by our Church of England, in which I was born and bap
to settle me again in the true ancient Catholic and Apostolic faith,
tized, [his father embraced Romanism after his son's birth, and in
which I joyfully die." See Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit.; Salmon's
Lives of the Bishops.
Croft, Sir Herbert, 1751-1816, of the same family
as the above, a native of London, was educated at Univer-
sity College, Oxford, and afterwards studied law at Lin-
coln's Inn. In 1782 he took holy orders, and in 1797 he
succeeded to a baronetcy. A Brother's Advice to his Sis-
Love and Madness, 1780, sm. Svo. This
ters, 1775, 12mo.
was founded upon the murder of Miss Ray, by Hackman.
Fanaticism and Treason, 1780, 8vo. The Literary Fly,
enlarged edit. of Johnson's Dictionary, with 20,000 words
1780. Other works. In 1792 he issued proposals for an
added and errors corrected. To be pub. in four large folios
at £12 12s! We have the original prospectus before us,
and a curious affair it is. The work was never completed.
He wrote the life of Young, in Johnson's English Poets.
The Doctor thus honourably mentions his assistant:
"The following Life was written, at my request, by a gentle
man who had better information than I could easily have ob
tained; and the publick will perhaps wish that I had solicited
and obtained more such favours from him."
Crockett, Col. David. Exploits in Texas, 12mo.
Tour Down East, 12mo. Autobiography, 12mo. Sketches
and Eccentricities of. Song Book.
Crockett, H. C.
The American in Europe; parts 1
to 18, Lon., 1850, 4to.
Crocus, anglicé CROKE.
Crofton, Zachary, d. 1672? a native of Ireland, oh-
tained the living of St. Botolph, Aldgate, London; rejected
for Nonconformity, 1662. He pub. a number of theolog.
Croft, Mrs. Ankerwick Castle; a Nov., Lon., 1800, (controversial) and other treatises, 1660-63. His Dis-
course of Patronage appeared in 1675.
4 vols.
Crofts, John. Piety and Courage; a serm., 1813, 12mo.
Crofts, Robert. The Lover, or Nuptial Love, writ-
ten by Robert Crofts to please himselfe, Lon., 1638, 18mo.
Crockatt, Gilbert. Letter to Lady Shovell, 1708, Svo.
Croke, Alexander, LL.D. Report of Case of Hor-
per rs. Liddiard, Lon., 1800, Svo. Argument in Case of
the Hendrick and Maria, 1800, Sro. Remarks on Schle-
gel's work upon the Visitation of Neutral Vessels under
Convoy, 1801, Svo.
Quite a controversy was excited upon the subject. Among
others, Dr. Francis Turner attacked the Bishop, and An-
drew Marvell defended him. See Athen. Oxon. Serms.,
1674, Svo. Animadversions on Dr. Burnet's Theory of the
Earth, 1685, 4to. Legacy to his Diocese, or a short deter-
mination of all controversies we have with the Papists by
God's Holy Word; being three serms. on John v. 39, &c.
See Boswell's Johnson, and Memoir of Croft in Gent.
Mag., May, 1816, p. 470, and Dec. 4, p. 487.
Croft, John. 1. Wines, 1787, York, Svo. 2. Scrap-
eana; Fugitive Miscellany, 1792, 8vo. 3. Excerpta An-
tiqua, 8vo. 4. Annotations on Plays of Shakspeare.
(Johnson and Steevens's ed.,) 1810, Svo.
Croft, Robert. Loyal Officer, Lon., 1663, 4to.
Croft, Robert? Terrestrial Paradise; in verse and
prose, 1639.
Croft, Thomas. Funl. serm., Lon., 1711, Svo.
Croft, William, Mus. Doc., 1677-1727, a celebrated
composer of Cathedral Music, organist of Westminster
Abbey. Divine Harmony, 1712, anon. Musicus, &c.,
1715. Musica Sacra, 1724, 2 vols. fol. This beautiful work
is the first that was stamped on pewter plates and in score.
Vol. 1st contains the Burial Service, left unfinished by
Purcell. See Hawkins's History of Music; Burney's ditto.
vestigation into the reconciliation of the modern doctrines
Crofton, Dennis. Genesis and Geology; or an in-
of Geology, with the declarations of Scripture; with an
Introduction by Edward Hitchcock, D.D., LL.D., Boston,
1853, 16mo, pp. 100.
Croke, Sir Alexander. A Genealogical Hist. of
the Croke Family, 1823, 2 vols. 4to, £7 78. Progress
of Idolatry and other Poems, 1841. 2 vols. Svo. Schola
Salernitana, by G. D. Milano; with an Eng. trans., intro-
duction, and notes; by Sir A. C., p. Svo.
How popular this ancient poem must have been, we may infer
from its having passed through 160 editions. It is republished
now as a bibliographical curiosity; but Sir A. Croke has, in the
introduction and notes, gathered together so many interesting
facts, that the volume will be welcomed for itself, as well as trea-
sured as a curiosity.”—Athenæum.
Essay on the Origin, Progress, and Doctrine of Rhym-
ing Latin Verse, with many specimens, 1828, p. Sve.
..
This is a clever and interesting little volume on an attractive
subject: the leisure work of a scholar and a man of taste.”—
British Critic.
Croke, or Crook, Sir George, 1559-1641, educated
at University College, Oxford, entered the Inner Temple,
and in 1628 succeeded Sir John Doderidge as Justice of
the King's Bench. In 1636 he espoused the part of Hamp-
den in the ship-money case. Hampden's share, for which
he went to law, was 18 shillings, and Lloyd remarks
that it cost the nation £18,000,000! Report of Select
1
451
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Cases in the C. of K. B. and C. P. temp. Eliz., Jas. I. and
Chas. I.; French, Lon., 1657-61, 3 vols. fol.; 2d ed., with-
out references, 1669, 3 vols. fol.; 3d ed. in English, by
Croke's son-in-law, Sir Harbottle Grimstone, with many
references, &c., 1683-85, 3 vols. fol.; 4th ed., with notes
and references to later authorities, by Thos. Leach, 1790-
92, 4 vols. r. 8vo. Abridgt. of the Cases temp. Chas. I.,
1658, 8vo. Abridgt. by Wm. Hughes, 1665, 8vo.
"A work of credit and celebrity among the old reporters, and
which has sustained its character in every succeeding age."-
CHANCELLOR KENT.
There has been some dissent to this opinion, but Mr.
Wallace's explanation of the matter appears to us to be
satisfactory. See Wallace's Reporters, 23; Marvin's Le-
gal Bib., 240; Brooks's Bib. Leg., 212; Reeves's Hist., 240.
Croke, John. Relationes Casuum Selectorum ex
libris. Rob. Kielwey et aliæ Relationes per Gul. Dali-
son et Gul. Bendloes, Lon., 1633, fol.
The mention of Boswell naturally introduces a notice
of the magnum opus of Mr. Croker-the production by
which he is best known to the popular literary circles-
his edit. of Boswell's Johnson. This work has been already
noticed at length in our article upon Boswell. The render
will there see that Mr. Macaulay does not indulge in rap-
turous plaudits of Mr. Croker's valuable labours, and the
latter has returned Mr. Macaulay's compliments in his re-
view in the Quarterly of The History of England from
the Accession of James II. An answer to Mr. Croker's
charge of "partial selection" and "misrepresentation of
facts" will be found in the "Edinburgh." It is not pleasant
to dwell upon these family quarrels; for surely those who
Croke, Richard, (in Latin, Crocus,) d. 1558, a na-
tive of London, was educated at Eton and King's College, zealously labour for the intellectual advancement of the
race may be properly said to constitute one family. With
Cambridge. He was Greek Professor at Leipsic, at Lou-
the exception of contributions to the Quarterly Review,
vain, and subsequently at Oxford. He was sent by Mr. Croker published nothing for many years. At the
Henry VIII. to influence the University of Padua to
time of his death he was engaged in the preparation of an
favour the divorce of the king. His letters to Henry may
His letters to Henry may edition of the works of Alexander Pope, in connexion with
be seen in Burnet's Hist. of the Reformation. Croke pub.
Croke pub. Mr. Peter Cunningham, which was announced by Mr.
several treatises, among which are Introductiones ad Græ-
cam Linguam, Cologn., 1520, 4to, and Orationes, 1520, 4to. Murray. Mr. Cunningham continues the editorship, (see
p. 461, post.) Essays on the Early Period of the French
Croker, Rev. Henry Temple. Bower detected
Revolution, by the late Rt. Hon. John Wilson Croker;
as an Historian, Lon., 1758, 8vo. Experimented Magnet-reprinted from the Quar. Rev., with Additions and Cor-
ism, 1761, Svo. The Complete Dict. of Arts and Sciences, rections, 1857, Svo. He also edited Lady Hervey's Letters,
3 vols. fol., 1769. Superseded by later compilations.
Croker, Rt. Hon. John Wilson, D.C.L., 1780-Walpole's Letters to Lord Hertford, and was the author
of several lyrical poems of merit.
1857, a native of the county of Galway, Ireland, but of
English descent, was one of the most prominent literary
characters of his day. He died at the house of Sir William
Whiteman, at St. Alban's-bank, Hampton, near London.
He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, called to the
Bar in 1807, and from that time to 1832 occupied a seat in
the House of Commons. From 1809 to '30 he was Secre-
to the
and in 1828 was sworn of the
Council. His opposition to the Reform Bill, and his decla-
ration that he would never sit in a Reformed House of
Commons, has enabled him to devote more attention to
literary pursuits. His first publication, Familiar Epistles
to Frederick E. Jones, Esq., on the Irish Stage, Dubl.,
1804, two edits. in the year, displayed that satirical power
Fairy Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland,
which is so conspicuous in his articles in the Quarterly 1825. This edit. contains contributions-which were sub-
Review-originated in 1809 by Scott, Canning, and Croker.sequently omitted-by Maginn, Pigot, Humphreys, and
In that valuable, if not altogether amiable, ingredient in Keightley. Legends of the Lakes, 1828; new edit. ar.
reviewing, sarcasm, Mr. Croker is thought not to have been ranged as a Tour to the Lakes, 1853. Daniel O'Rourke,
a whit behind the great Gifford himself.
1828. Barney Mahoney, 1832. My Village versus Our
Village, 1832. Tour of M. Boullaye Le Gouz in Ireland,
1844. The Popular Songs of Ireland, 1839.
Croker, Thomas. Knavish Merchant, 1661, 4to.
Croker, Thomas Crofton, d. 1854, aged 57, a po-
pular author, has done much to illustrate the Irish cha-
racter and the Antiquities of the country. Researches in
South of Lon., 1824, 4to. This volume con-
tains a large amount of valuable information respecting
the manners and superstition of the Irish Peasantry,
Scenery, Architectural Remains, &c.
"I know of no such near and intimate picture of the interios
of a court. No other Memoir that I have read brings us so im
mediately, so actually into not merely the presence, but the com-
pany, of the personages of the royal circle. Lord Ilervey is, I may
venture to say, almost the Boswell of George II. and Queen Caro
line."-Mr. Croker's Preface.
"A good thought came in my head-to write stories for little John-
nie Lockhart, from the History of Scotland. like those taken from
the History of England. But I will not write mine quite so simply
as Croker has done. I am persuaded both children and the lower
class of readers hate books which are written down to their capa-
city, and love those that are composed for their elders and betters."
We wish that the authors of some modern juvenile books
would ponder the above.
Sir Walter presented a copy of the First Series to Mr.
Croker, with the following note:
"MY DEAR CROKER,-I have been stealing from you,and as it seems
the fashion to compound felony, I send you a sample of the swag,
by way of stopping your mouth.... Always yours, W. SCOTT."
Mr. Croker has also aided educators and their pupils
by his excellent Progressive Geography for Children,
which a high authority commends as
The best elementary book on the subject.”—Lo. Quart. Ren,
We continue the enumeration of Mr. Croker's works:
Reply to the Letters of Malachi Malagrowther; The Suf-
folk Papers; Military Events of the French Revolution
of 1830; trans. of Bassompierre's Embassy to England;
Hervey's Memoirs of the Court of George the Second,
now first pub. from the Originals at Ickworth.
Croker, Capt. Richard. Travels through Seve-
ral Provinces of Spain
ral Provinces of Spain and Portugal, &c., Lon., 1799,
8vo.
"John Wilson Croker more than approached the editor in sar-
castic sallies and biting wit: he gave early proofs of such powers
in his poem on the Irish stage; intimated talents active and argu-
mentative in his speeches; and a poetic feeling and spirit approach-
ing Scott in his Peninsular battles. To his pen, many articles full
of political wormwood are attributed; and also some of the papers
on America, which were not received in a tone of thankfulness by
the men of the West."—ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog, and Crit. Hist.
of Lit. See Men of the Time, Lon., 1853.
Mr. C.'s next publication was An Intercepted Letter
from Canton. This is a satirical picture of the city of
Dublin. To this succeeded Songs of Trafalgar; The Bat-
tle of Talavera; Sketch of Ireland, Past and Present; Let-
ters on the Naval War with America; Stories from the
History of England. This work 30,000 to 40,000
copies have been sold) was the model of Sir Walter Scott's
Tales of a Grandfather.
"An entertaining and, in some parts, instructive performance."-
Lon. Monthly Review, 1790.
"Each is accompanied by its history from the competent pen of
Crofton Croker, than whom no man knows more of the poetic su
perstitions and the manners and mythology of Ireland."
"A volume of singular interest and curiosity. It is even more
than this-it is a publication of real value, as illustrative of the
past and present condition, both mental and moral, of the most
singular people of the world. At the same time, it is, as a collec
tion of vocal compositions, full of the graces and beauty of which
that class of poetry is so eminently susceptible."-Lon. Naval and
Military Gazelle.
Mr. Croker pub. in 1838, 2 vols. 8vo, the Memoirs of
Joseph Holt, General of the Irish Rebels in 1798, edited
from his original MSS. in the possession of Sir William
Betham.
"These Memoirs are wild, eccentric, and adventurous."-Len.
New Monthly Magazine.
"We heartily recommend the general and his editor (whose
notes in themselves are copious and interesting) to our readers."
-Lon. Athenæum.
"Of Crofton Croker it may truly be said, as of his countryman,
Oliver Goldsmith, nullum tetigit quod nom ornavit, (long may be
adorn our literature with such works as the present, before the
compliment can be used in his epitaph!) and of his coadjutor in
this work, the worthy Ulster King, that he too has done good ser-
vice in preserving these curious records belonging to Irish history.
The work contains adventures of extraordinary and romantic
character, and everybody will read it.”—Lon. Literary Guzelle.
The reader will find further details of Mr. Croker's lite-
rary life in the Lon. Gent. Mag. for Oct., 1854.
Croker, Walter. A Letter to an M. P., Lon., 1816.
Crole, or Croleus, Robert. See CROWLEY.
Croly, Rev. Geo., LL.D., one of the most voluminous
writers of the day, was b. in Dublin, 1780, and educated at
Trinity College, Dublin. He has been for many years Rec-
tor of St. Stephen's, Wallbrook, London. We classify his
works according to their subjects. 1. The Apocalypse of
St. John; a New Interpretation, Lon., 1827, 8vo.
"An original and powerfully-written volume. . . .. The sketch
452
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which completes the volume is evidently the result of great labour
and research, and abounds with most important historical infor-
mation."-Horne's Introduc.
2. Divine Providence; or the three Cycles of Revela-
tion, 1834, 8vo.
•
To Dr. Croly belongs the high and lasting praise of lending
new forces to the defenders of religion, and adding a new wing to
the temple of the Christian Faith."-Lom. Gent. Mog.
Dr. Croly is a man of vivid imagination, but the misfortune is,
that his imagination runs away with bim. His language, there-
fore, is rich and often eloquent; but his ideas are for the most part
quite fanciful and unsound.”—British Critic, 1834.
3. The True Idea of Baptism, 1850, 8vo. 4. Sermon on
Marriage, 2d ed., 1836, 8vo. 5. Sermons on Important
Subjects, 1849, 8vo. (As connected with a subject which
excited great interest in England and America, we should
not omitto mention that in 1842 Mr. D. Croly pub. an Index
to the Tracts for the Times; with Dissertations.) 6. Serms.
Freached in the Chapel of the Foundling Hospital, with
others preached in St. Stephen's, Wallbrook, in 1847,
1848, 8vo.
"Clearer, more nervous, and in the true sense of the term, sim-
pler, discourses, have not appeared for many years: their style is
in general true Saxon. their matter strong. their theology sound
and scriptural.”—Gilfillan's Literary Portraits.
7. Speeches on the Papal Aggression. 8. Exposition on
Popery and the Popish Question. 9. The Popish Supre-
macy; two sermons, 1850, 8vo. 10. Works of Jeremy
Taylor. With Life and Times of the Author, 1838, 8 vols.
p. Svo.
"A beautiful edition of the best works of this eloquent and ad-
mired author."
11. Scenes from Scripture, with other Poems, 1851, 8vo.
"Eminent in every mode of literature, Dr. Croly stands, in our
judgment, first among the living poets of Great Britain."-Lon.
Standard.
"An admirable addition to the library of religious families."-
John Bull.
|
12. Marriage with a deceased Wife's Sister. 13. On the
proposed Admission of Jews into Parliament. 14. Works
of Alex. Pope, with Memoirs, Notes, and Critical Notices
on each Poem, 1835, 4 vols. 12mo. 15. Pride shall have a
Fall; a Comedy. This is an early production of Mr.
Croly. 16. Catiline, a Tragedy, with other Poems, Svo.
"There can be no doubt that this, whether considered as a
poem or as a drama, is a splendid performance, and one which
aust greatly elevate the name of Croly."-Blackwood's Mog.
17. Verse Illustrations to Gems from the Antique, sm.
Svo.
(3
Mr. Croly's genius is too well known to need our commenda-
tion. We can safely say, that these illustrations will add a wreath
to bis laurels."-Lon. New Monthly Mag.
18. Paris in 1815, and other Poems, Svo, (his first work.) 19.
The Angel of the World; an Arabian Tale, 1820. 20. Sebas-
ian; a Spanish Tale. 21. Poetical Works, 1830, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"Full of lofty imaginings and poetic thought, we will venture
to say, that there is hardly a theme which Mr. Croly has not awoke
with a masterly hand, and hardly a sympathy which he has not
touched, in the great and multifarious range of subjects embraced
in these volumes."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
22. Beauties of the English Poets, 12mo. 23. The Mo-
dern Orlando; a Poem, 1846, Svo; 2d ed., 1855.
"One cannot but regret that Dr. Croly has not carried out his
original purpose of prolonging the poem to a ramble in other cities
and scenes of modern travel. Fragmentary as it now is, it is by
far the best thing of the kind that has been written since Byron."
-Lon. Literary Gazette.
24. Character of Curran's Eloquence and Politics. 25.
Political Life of the Rt. Hon. Edmund Burke, 1840, 2 vols.
p. Svo.
“A valuable contribution to our national literature, an effectual
antidote to revolutionary principles, and a masterly analysis of
the mind and writings of the greatest philosopher and statesman
in our history."-Britannia.
p. Svo.
26. Historical Sketches, Speeches, and Characters, 1842,
27. Tales of the Great St. Bernard, 3 vols. p. Svo.
28. Year of Liberation in 1813, 2 vols. p. Svo. 29. Sala-
thiel, a Story of the Past, the Present, and the Future,
1827, 3 vols. p. Svo.
"We have risen from the perusal of the volumes before us, just
as we have felt after losing ourselves in the absorbing interest of
Shakspeare's finest tragedy. Every page is instinct with the
energy of passion, or with some glowing picture of romantic gran-
deur-the tender, the affecting, and the pathetic-the ardent, the
heroic, the devoted-all that can excite the highest and most dra-
matic of our feelings. There is, we will venture to predict, in
Falathiel, the germ of perpetuity; it is not destined, like some
other works of imagination, to be read and forgotten.”—Lon. Gent.
Magazine.
"One of the most splendid productions among works of fiction
that the age has brought forth."-Lon. Athenæum.
"There are many natural scenes, and passages tender and elo-
quent, but somewhat cold and stately; it abounds in descriptions
on which all the splendours of fancy and language are lavished..
The author in his poem of · May Fair' was more at home; it
intains passages which, for condensed vigour of thought and
•
language, and sharp severity of rebuke, are not to be paralleled in
the Legion Club' of Swift,”—ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog, and Crit.
Hist. of Lit.
30. Marston; or, The Soldier and Statesman, 1846,
3 yols. p. 8vo. 31. The Personal History of King George
the Fourth, 1830, 8vo; 2d ed., 141, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
"These volumes have a higher degree of interest than could
possibly arise from merely tracing the personal career of George
the Fourth. They are a history of his age; introducing us to all
the great statesnien and wits of that period; abounding in rapid
and masterly sketches of character. brilliant reflection, and plea-
sant episodes; and einbodying all that information current in the
best-informed circles of the day, which is necessary to be known
if we would thoroughly understand the transactions of the period."
-Britannia.
"Dr. Croly is an almost universal poet. He is grand and gor
geous, but rarely tender and affectionate; he builds a lofty and
magnificent temple, but it is too cold and stately to be a home for
the heart.”—MRS. HALL.
Cromartie, or Cromerty, George, Earl of. Con-
spiracies of the Earl of Gowry and Robert Logan against
King James VI., and a Vindication of Robert III., &c.,
Edin., 1713, 8vo. Mosses in Scotland, Phil. Trans., 1710.
Crombie, Alexander, LL.D., 1760-1842, a native
of Aberdeen, pastor of a Presbyterian congregation in
London, schoolmaster at Highgate, and subsequently at
Greenwich. 1. Philosophical Necessity, Lon., 1793, Svo.
2. Etymology and Syntax of the English Language ex-
plained, 1802, 8vo; 4th ed., 1836; adapted to schools by
W. Smith, 1846. 3. Gymnasium, sive Symbola Critica,
1812, 2 vols. Svo; 5th ed., 1834; abridged, 1836, 12mo.
4. Letters on the Agricultural Interest, 1816, Svo. 5. Na-
tural Theology, Lon., 1829, 2 vols. 8vo.
**
In these volumes Dr. Crombie has presented, as we believe, the
most comprehensive view of the whole science of natural theology
that has hitherto appeared."-Lon. Quarterly Rev. li. 213; q. v., et
vol. xxxix. 6. and Edin. Rev. liv. 147.
Dr. C.'s English Grammar is one of the best in the lan-
guage.
Crombie, John. The Character and Offices of Christ
Illustrated by a Comparison with the Typical Characters
of the Old Testament, Lon., 1827, Svo.
"Crombie uses a copious and pleasing diction, and manifests a
devout spirit in the treatment of the several subjects which he
has included in his comparison.”—Lonvndes's Brit. Lib.
Crombie, Wm. The Soul's Progress, Edin., 1768, Sro.
Crome, John. Art of writing Short Hand, Shef.,
1801. In doggerel verse.
Cromek, R. H. 1. Reliques of Robert Burns, Lon.,
180S, Svo. 2. Select Scottish Songs, ancient and modern,
with observations and notices by Robert Burns; edit. by
R. II. C., 1810, Svo. 3. Remains of Nithsdale and Gallo-
way, Song, 1810, Svo.
6.
A faithful portrait unadorned
Of manners lingering yet in Scotia's vales.”
composed by Allan Cunningham.
But, unfortunately, most of these venerable remains were
composed by Allan Cunningham.
Cromerty, Earl of. See CROMARTIE.
Cromerty. Daniel's Prophecy, &c., Edin., 1708, 4tc.
Crommelin, L. An Essay towards improving the
Hempen and Flaxen Manufac. in Ireland, Dubl., 1705, 4to.
Crompe, John. Theolog. treatises, 1689, '41.
Jervis, Meeson, and Roscoe, 1832-36.
Crompton, C. Legal Reports, in conjunction with
**
Crompton, George. Practice in C. of K. B. and
C. P., Lon., 1780, 2 vols. Sro: 3d ed., 1786, 2 vols. 8vo.
by himself before he was at the bar, were never intended for pub
Many of the cases published in Crompton's Practice collected
lication, and are too loose to he relied on.”—Marvin's Legal Bibl.
1st Amer. ed., with new cases, N. York, 1813, 2 vols. 8vo.
New ed. corrected, &c. by B. J. Sellon, 1798, 2 vols. 8vo.
Crompton, Hugh. Fesins, being a Fardle of Fan-
cies, or a Medley of Music, stewed in four Ounces of the
yl of Epigrams, Lon., 1657, Svo. Pierides; or the Muses'
Mount, 1658, Svo. Dedicated to Mary, Duchess of Rich-
mond and Lenox, &c.
Crompton, J. Letters, pub. by R. Marsden.
Crompton, Joshua. Genuine Memoirs of; written
by himself, Lon., 1778, Sro.
Crompton, Richard. L'authoritie et jurisdiction
des Courts de la Maiestie de la Roygne, Lon., 1594, 1637,
4to. See a list of Crompton's works in the Bibl. Brit. He
made large addits. to Fitz Herbert's Justice; therefore
often cited as Crompton's Justice.
"Mr. Crompton's books are in every man's hands, which proveth
their general allowance. A man may, by them, in a few hours,
gain great knowledge.”—Fulbeck's Study of the Law, 74.
Crompton, Susan F. Stories for Sunday Afternoons,
Lon.. 1845, 16mo, and 1846.
Crompton, William, son of Richard, ante. 1. St.
Austin's Religion. 2. C. Religion. 3. Prayer. 4. Serms.
1623, '33, '59, '79.
453
CRO
CRO
Crosby, Thomas. The History of English Baptists,
from the Reformation to the beginning of the Reign of
George I., Lon., 1738-40, 4 vols. 8vo.
Cromwell, Oliver, the last male descendant of "The Greek Tables; Greek Lessons; An edition of Xenophon's
Protector." Memoirs of Oliver Cromwell, and of his Sons Anabasis; First Lessons in Geometry; A Letter of Jolin
Richard and Henry, with Original Letters and other Family Foster, with Additions; An Essay on the Second Advent.
Papers, 1820, 4to; 2d ed., 1820, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 1823, Crosby, Howard, b. 1826, N. Y. City, (great grand-
2 vols. 8vo. The daughter of the above author is Mrs. son of Wm. Floyd, one of the signers of Dec. of Inde-
Russell of Cheshunt. The Memoirs have been charactor-pendence,) Prof. Greek, Univ. N. Y. Lands of the Mos-
ized as an "unbounded panegyric." The reader who lem, N. York, 1851, Svo. Editor of Edipus Tyrannus
would peruse both sides of the subject, should study Hume, of Sophocles.
Clarendon's Hist. of the Rebellion, Catherine Macaulay's
Hist. of England, Bulstrode's Memoirs, Conference at the
end of Thurloe's State Papers, Ludlow's Memoirs, Sir
Edward Walker's, Hist. Discourses, Sir John Sinclair's This is considered the best history of the English Bap-
Hist. of the Revenue, Carte's, Lingard's, Smollett's, Keight- tists.
tists. The author tells us that he undertook it in conse-
ley's, and the Pictorial, histories of England, Noble's Me-quence of the misrepresentations of the sect in the History
moirs of the Cromwells, Gumble's Life of Monk, Trial of of the Puritans by Neal, who had summed up its history
the Regicides, Thomas Cromwell's Oliver Cromwell and in so small a compass as five pages. The MS. from which
his Times, Hallam's Constitutional Hist. of England, Car- these four vols. are compiled, was drawn up by Benjamin
lyle's Letters and Speeches of Cromwell with Elucidations, Stinson, and was "in the possession of the author of the
D'Aubigné's Protector, Smyth's Lectures on Mod. Hist., History of the Puritans for some years."
T. B. Macaulay's Review of Hallam's Constitution and
Hist., and M.'s paper on Milton, in Edin. Review. Other
works might be inentioned, but we imagine the reader will
excuse us for the present. For a list of State papers is-
sued in the name of Oliver Cromwell, and the name of
Richard Cromwell, see Watt's Bibl. Brit., and Lowndes's
Bibl. Manual, where will also be found lists of works re-
specting the character of Cromwell's administration, and
the government which preceded it.
Bishop Burnet says of the English Baptists that "they
were generally men of virtue, and of an universal charity."
Crosby, Thomas. 1. Key. 2. Builder's Book,
1797, &c.
Crosfeild, Robert. Treatises on Polit. Econ., 1692-
1704.
"The author alludes to many publick corruptions, and proposes
schemes by which great savings to the nation might be acconi-
plished."
Crosfield, Miss A. Hist. of Northallerton, Northall.,
1791, Svo.
Cromwell, Samuel. Disputatio Medica Inauguratis
de Tumoribus in Geneve, Lugd. Bat., 1682, 4to.
Cromwell, Thomas. The Schoolboy and other
Poems, 1816. Oliver Cromwell and his Times, Lon., 1821,
8vo.
"An attempt to steer a middle course between the prejudiced
representations of Hume and the unbounded panegyrists of Oliver
Cromwell."-LOWNDES.
Cronhelm, F. W. Book-keeping, 1818, 4to.
Crook, Sir George. See CROKE.
Crook, John. Theolog. and Autobiographical works,
1661-1706.
Crook, John. Address to the Legislature; also works
on the Church, Charity Schools, &c., 1797-1813.
Crook, W. Historian's Guide, 1600-79, Lon., 1679,
12mo.
Crooke, B. Sermons, Lon., 1695, '98, 4to.
Crooke, Helkiah, M.D. Description of the Body
of Man, from the best authors of Anatomy, Lon., 1615, fol.
53 Instruments of Chirurgery, 1631, fol.
**
Taken principally from Parcy."-DR. WATT,
Crooke, Henry. Sermons, 1755, 8vo.
Crooke, Samuel, 1574-1649, Fellow of Emanuel
College, Cambridge. Divine Characters, &c., 1619, '58.
Crooke, Unton. Letter to Cromwell, 1654, 4to.
Crooke, William. Funeral Serm., Lon., 1670, 8vo.
Crooks, George R., D.D., b. 1822, at Philadelphia.
In connexion with Dr. McClintock, First Latin Book. In
connexion with Prof. Schem, Latin-English Lexicon,
Phila., 1858, large 8vo. Highly commended. Ed. Butler's
Analogy. Contrib. Method. Quar. Rev. See SCHEM, A. J.
Crookshank, William, D.D., died 1769, minister
of the Scots Church, Swallow Street, London, 1735. Hist.
of the State and Sufferings of the Church of Scotland
from the Restoration to the Revolution, Lon., 1749, 2 vols.
8vo; Edin., 1751, 2 vols. 8vo; Glasg., 1787, 2 vols. 12mo;
Paisley, 1789, 2 vols. sm. Svo. Chiefly abridged from
Wodrow.
Crookshanks. Public Debts and Funds, Lon.,1718. fol.
Crookshanks, John. Letter to R. Kirke, 1772, Sro.
Croon, or Croune, William, M.D., d. 1684, founder
of the Croonian Lectures, the first of which was delivered
in 1738, was a native of London, Fellow of Emanuel Col-
lege, Cambridge, Professor of Rhetoric in Gresham College,
and Registrar of the Royal Society. He founded a course
of Algebraic Lectures in seven colleges at Cambridge, and
a yearly Anatomical Lecture in the Royal Society. He
pub. De Ratione Motus Musculorum, Lon., 1664, 4to;
Amst., 1677, 12mo. Some of his papers will be found in
Phil. Trans., and many remain in MS. in the British
Museum.
Cropley, Sir John. Letters to Mr. Molesworth,
1721, 8vo.
Crosby, Allen. Exposition of St. John. 1755, 4to.
Crosby, Alpheus, born at Sandwich, N. H., 1810,
graduated at Dartmouth College, 1827. In 1837 he be-
came Prof. of the Latin and Greek Languages and Lite-
rature in Dartmouth College, and 1849, Prof. Emeritus of
the Greek Language and Literature in the same college.
Prof. Crosby has published a Greek and General Grammar;
Crosfield, Geo. Kalendar of Flora, Lon., 1810, Svo.
Crosfield, R. J., M.D. The Scurvy, Lon., 1797, Svo.
Crosland, Mrs. Newton, late Camilla Toulmin,
b. in London. Lays and Legends of English Life, Lon.,
4to. Partners for Life, 12mo. Little Berlin Wool-Worker,
16mo. Poems, 12mo. Stratagems, 1849, square.
Toil
and Trial, 1849, p. Svo. Ditto, and Double Claim, by Her-
vey, 1851. square. Tales, 16mo. Lydia; a Woman's
Book, 1852, 12mo. The Young Lord, 1849, 18mo.
"She is a moralist, who draws truths from sorrow with the band
of a master, and depicts the miseries of mankind only that she
may improve their condition."-Bell's Weekly Messenger.
Crosley, David. Sermon, Lon., 1691, 4to.
Crosley, H. Law of Wills, pt. 1, Lon., 1828, Svo.
Cross, Fras. De Febre Intermittente, Oxon., 1668,
12mo.
matic Romance, &c., 1794-1809. See a list of his dram.
Cross, James C. The Apparition; a Musical Dro-
pieces in Biog. Dramat.
Cross,John. Cash Tables for Duties, Newc., 1779, Svo.
Cross, John. Law of Lien, &c., Lon., 1840, 8vo.
Cross, John, M.D. Profess. treatises, Glasg., 1815-19.
Cross, Joseph, D.D., b. 1813, Brent, Somersetshire,
Eng., came to U.S. at the age of 12, and commenced the
ministry at 16. 1. Life and Sermons of Christmas Evans;
from the Welsh, Svo. 2. Headlands of Faith, 12mo. 3.
The Hebrew Missionary, 18mo.
The Hebrew Missionary, 18mo. 4. Pisgah Views of the
Promised Inheritance. 5. A Year in Europe. 6. Prelec-
tions on Charity. Ed. Portraiture and Pencillings of Mrs.
Contrib. Southern Methodist Quar. Rev.,
L. A. L. Cross.
Home Circle, &c.
Cross, Nicholas. The Cynosura, Lon., 1670, fol.
Serm. on Ps. lxxxiii. 5; see Catholick Serms., ii. 123.
England, Lon., 1797, Svo. Peace or War, which is the best
Cross, Peter Brady. Laws and Constitutions of
Policy? 1800, 8vo.
Cross, Walter, d. 1701? Exposition on Rom. iv. 1, 2,
Lon., 1693, '94, 4to. Serms., 1695, 97, 4to. The Tagh-
mical Art; or the Art of Expounding Scripture by the
Points usually called Accents, Lon., 1698, 8vo.
intelligence. The whole system is baseless, visionary, and useless,
"Written with great abundance of confidence, and vast lack of
The rhetorical rules for the use of the learner are in verse; of which
take the following specimen:
•
Silluk the sentence and the verse doth end;
Atnach in two divides, and so attends;
Segolla three will have, or not appear;
Mercmah in verse doth to them both come near;
Inferior game Reb, geraschate doth play,
Because as vicar he comes in the way!!"-ORME: Bibl.. Bib.
Cross, Wm. Portions of the Psalms, Oxf., 1801, 12mo.
Crosse, Henry. Virtue Commonwealth; or the High-
way to Honour, &c., Lon., 1603, 4to.. Gordounstour sale,
633, £4.
Crosse, John.
Crosse, Peter?
Epistle, 1785, 4to.
Crosse, R. S.
Crosse, Wm.
the Netherlands, 1608-27, Lon., 1627, fol.
Sermons, &c., 1693, '94, '95,
4to.
Power of Friendship; a Postical
Concio in 1 Cor. ii. 14, Oxf., 1655.
Continuation of Grimeston's list of
151
CRO
CRO
Crosse, Wm. A Brief Treatise of the Eyes, Lon.,
1708, 8vo.
Crosse, Wm. Serm. on Heb. i. 14, Lon., 1713, 8vo.
Crossinge, Richard. Sermons, 1718, '20, '22, '32.
Crossley, Aaron. Peerage of Ireland, Dubl., 1725, fol.
Crossley, J. T. Educational works, Lon., 12, 18,
and 24mo.
Crossman, F. G. Course of Prayer, Lon., 1824, 12mo.
Crossman, Henry. Serms., &c., 1758-1816.
Crossman, Samuel. Sermons, 1880, '82, '86.
Crosswell, Wm. Tables for Longitude, Bost., 1791,
Svo.
Crosthwaite, Charles. Synchronology, being a
Treatise on History, Chronology, and Mythology, Oxf.,
1839, 8vo.
"Useful information."-BICKERSTETH.
Crosthwaite, J. C., Rector of St. Mary-at-Hill.
Maps illustrating the Journeys of Christ and of St. Paul,
Lon., 1830.
"A useful supplement to the Atlases to the Bible, hitherto pub
listed."-Lon. Chris. Remembrancer.
**
1. The Christian Ministry. 2. Discourses, 1835, 8vo.
Very strongly recommended to all lovers of vigorous thought,
sound principles, and curious and accurate information."-British
Magazine.
Serms., 1840, 12mo. Daily Communion, 1841, 18mo.
Modern Hagiology, 1846, 2 vols. 12mo.
Crosthwaite, John. Pendulums; in Trans. Irish
Acad., 1788.
Croswell, Andrew, minister in Boston, Mass., died
1785, aged 76. Theolog. treatises, 1746, '68, '71.
Croswell, Edwin, a native of Catskill, New York,
editor of the Albany Argus, has pub. a number of Addresses,
&c., and is said to be preparing Sketches and Anecdotes
of Men and Events of his Time.
Croswell, Rev. Harry, father of the Rev. Wm.
Croswell, at one time a leading political editor at Hudson
and Albany, N.Y. 1. Rudiments of the Church. 2. Family
Prayers, New Haven, Svo and 12mo; new ed., revised, N. Y.,
1857, 12mo.
Croswell, Rev. William, 1804–1851, b. at Hudson,
N.Y., son of the preceding: grad. at Yale Coll., 1822;
Rector of Christ Church. Boston, 1829-40; St. Peter's
Church, Auburn, N.Y., 1840-44; Rector of Church of the
Advent, Boston, 1844-51. See specimens of his poetry,
&c. in Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit., Griswold's Poets
and Poetry of America, and Memoirs by his Father, N.Y.,
1853, Svo.
Crotch, Wm., Mus. Doc. Elements of Musical Com-
position, 1812, 4to. Styles of Music, 1812, 3 vols. fol.
Substance of Lectures on Music, Svo.
"}
Crowe, Rev. Henry. Zoophilos; or Considerations
on the Moral Treatment of Inferior Animals, 3d ed., Bath,
1822, 12mo.
Crowe, Eyre Evans. The English in Italy and
France. To-Day in Ireland. Tales, 1825, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Yesterday in Ireland. Tales, 1829, 3 vols. p. Svo. Hist.
of France, 1830-44, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Crowe, Wm. Catalogue of Eng. Writers on the Old
and New Testaments, 2d ed., Lon., 1668, 12mo.
Elenchus Scriptorum in Sacram Scripturam tam Græco-
rum quam Latinorum in quo exhibentur eorum gens, patria,
professio, religio: liborum tituli, volumnia, editiones variæ,
Londini, 1672, 8vo.
The compiler actually arranges his authors under their
Christian names! Of the whims of book-makers there is
no end!
Crowe, Wm., DD. Serms., &c., Lon., 1720–44.
Crowe, Wm. Serms. and Orations, 1781, '88, 1800.
Lewesdon Hill; a Poem, Lon., 1786, '88, 1804, 4to.
"A poem of very considerable merit."-LOWNDES.
Treatise on English Versification, 1827, p. 8vo.
Crowell, William, born 1806, at Middlefield, Mass.
Church Member's Manual, 12mo, 2d ed., 1852. Church
Member's Hand Book, 1851. Also many Sunday School
Books. Ed. Christian Watchman, 1838-48.
Crowfoot, Wm. Observ. on Apoplexy. Lon., 1801, 8vo.
Crowley, John. Thoughts on the Emancipation of
the Roman Catholics, 1811, 8vo.
|
Crowley, Robert, d. 1588, a divine, poet, bookseller,
and printer, was educated at, and became Fellow of, Mag-
dalen College, Oxford. He was made Archdeacon of Here-
ford, and in 1558 was collated to a prebend at St. Paul's,
London. In 1550 he pub. the 1st ed. of Piers Plowman's
Vision, and with the same design-to expose the vices and
follies of the age-he put forth 31 Epigrams. For a list
of his works and notices of them, see Strype's Life of Par-
ker and his Memorials; Tanner and Bale; Bliss's Wood's
Athen. Oxon.; Warton's Hist. Eng. Poetry; Watt's Bibl.
Brit.; Dibdin's Typ. Antiq.; and Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Crowley, Thos. Life of M. de la Sarre, 1751, 12mo.
Crowley, Thomas. Payment of Tithes, 1776, Svo.
Crowne, or Crown, John, a native of Nova Scotia,
obtained considerable notoriety at the court of Charles II.
as a writer of plays, 18 of which are enumerated in the
Biog. Dramat. Of these, The Destruction of Jerusalem,
1677, 4to, and City Politiques, 1675, 4to, seem to have been
among the best. He also wrote Pandion and Amphigenia,
1665, Svo, and Dæneids, 1672, 4to, and trans. Boileau's
Lutrin.
"He may assuredly be allowed to stand at least in the third rank
of our dramatic writers."-Biog. Dramat.
"A very popular and pleasant work."-Westminster Review.
Crouch, Edwin A. An English edit. of Lamarck's
Conchology, Lon., 1827, r. 4to.
"We can strongly recommend it to all those who feel interested
in this department of natural bistory.”—Lon. Literary Gazetle.
Crouch, Henry. British Customs. Lon., 1724-28, Svo.
Guide to the Officers of the Customs, 1732, fol.
Crouch, Humphrey. Parliament of Graces, 1642,4to.
Crouch, John. Muses' Joy, &c., Lon.. 1657-66.
Crouch, Nathaniel. See BURTON, ROBERT.
Crouch, Wm. Posthuma Christiana, Lon., 1712, Svo.
Crouleus, Robert. See CROWLEY.
Croune, Wm. See CROON.
Crow, Rev. Francis, died 1692. Vanity and Im-
piety of Judicial Astrology, 1690, Svo. Mensalia Sacra,
1693, 8vo.
Crow, or Crowe, Sir Sackville. His Case as it now
stands, with his request to the Parliament, Lon., 1652, 4to.
Crowe, Anna Mary. Case in Chancery, 1806, 8vo.
Letter to Dr. Willis on Private Mad Houses, 1811, Svo.
Crownfield, Henry. On the Scriptures, 1752, Svo.
Crowquill, Alfred, (Alfred Henry Forrester,)
b. 1806, brought up to his father's profession of Public Notary
at the North Gate of the London Royal Exchange, where his
family had practised the same profession for a century be-
fore. Commenced his literary career at the age of 15, by
a swarm of papers in various monthly publications of the
period. At the age of 20 practised drawing, with a de-
termination to illustrate his own works, pub. Leaves from
his Memorandum-Book,-a volume of comic prose and
verse illustrated by himself, and various caricatures in the
fashion of the day. In the same year he published Eceen-
tric Tales, 1 vol. Svo, illustrated by himself. In 1828 he
was solicited by Mr. Colburn to join the celebrated clique
of authors then engaged to produce the Humorist papers
in his Magazine,-Theodore Hook, Benjamin Disraeli, and
a host of others. He wrote the Humorist's introduction.
He left this Magazine to join Bentley's celebrated Mis-
cellany, with Dickens, Father Prout, Tom Ingoldsby, Dr.
Maginn, &c. He was also the first illustrator of Punch
and of the Illustrated News. Au exhibitor of large pen-
and-ink drawings at the Royal Academy. Painter in oil,
from which many engravings were published. Designer
and modeller. He designed the statuette of the Duke of
Wellington produced a fortnight before the duke's death,
which he presented to her Majesty and the allied sovereigns.
The Wanderings of a Pen and Pencil; a large antiquarian
book profusely illustrated. Comic English Grammar.
Comic Arithmetic. Phantasmagoria of Fun, 2 vols. Svo.
Bentley Fun. A Bundle of Crowquills. Magic and
*
Crowe, Mrs. Catherine, whose maiden name was
Stevens, is a native of Borough Green, county of Kent,
England. She married Lt. Col. Crowe, Royal Army. Light
and Darkness; or, Mysteries of Life, Lon., 1850, 3 vols.
P. Svo.
Men and Women, 1843, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Pippie's
Warning, 1848, 16mo. Aristodemus; a Tragedy. Susan
Hopley, 1841, 3 vols. p. Svo. Lilly Dawson, 1847, 2 vols.
12mo.
"A novel of rare merit.”—Lon, Messenger.
"A creation worthy of Scott.”—John Bull.
Adventures of a Beauty, 1852, 3 vols. p. 8vo. The Night Meaning It, 1 vol. Scrap Books, innumerable. Railway
Side of Nature, 1848, 2 vols. 12mo.
"It shows that the whole doctrine of spirits is worthy of the
most serious attention."-Lon. Athenæum.
Raillery. St. George and the Dragon, &c. Gold; a Poem,
illustrated with twelve outlines, large 4to. Absurdities,
Svo. Reproof of the Brutes, Careless Chicken, and many
vols. of Fairy Tales. Engraver on steel, stone, copper,
and wood. Picture Fables; new ed., 1855, 4to. Little
Pilgrim, 1856, 4to.
Crowne, Wm. Travels of the Lord Howard, Lon.,
1637, 4to. Condemned, as abounding in errors and imper-
fections.
435
!
CRU
ᏟᎡᏫ
Crowsley, John. Good Husband's Jewel, 1651, 12mo.
Crowther, Bryan, Surgeon. Profess. treatises, 1797-
1811.
Crowther, J. Dissertation on Acts xvii. 30, Lon.,
1822, Svo..
Crowther, P. W. Law of Arrest, &c., Lon., 1828, 8vo.
Crowther, S. Sermon, Lon., 1814, 4to.
Crowther, S. Grammar of the Yoruba Language,
Lon., 1852, 8vo; Vocabulary of do., with Introduc. by Rev.
Mr. Vidal, 1852, 8vo.
"It proves that a whole African race, numbering 3,000,000, ex-
ists, possessing a language highly refined and developed."-Lon.
Times.
·
Croxall, Samuel, D.D., died 1752, educated at St.
John's College, Cambridge, Archdeacon of Salop, &c. The
Fair Circassian, Lon., 1720, 4to; later edits. in 12mo.
Fables of sop and others, trans. into English, 1722. Very
popular. Serms., 1715-1. Scripture Politics, 1735, 8vo.
He also wrote some poems, and edited the collection of Se-
lect Novels and Histories, from the French, Italian, and
Spanish, printed for Watts, Lon., 1729, 6 vols. 12mo. There
was no want of variety in Croxall's literary pursuits.
Cruden. Complete Family Bible, with Notes, Lon.,
1770, 2 vols. fol.
"An indifferently-executed commentary."-HORNE.
|
This is not the publication of Alexander Cruden.
Cruden, Alexander, 1701-1770, a native of Aber-
deen, educated at Marischal College, designed entering the
Church, but was prevented by symptoms of insanity. In
1732 he settled in London as a permanent residence,
opened a bookstore, and became a corrector to the press.
He styled himself Alexander the Corrector. In 1733 he
commenced the preparation of his Concordance to the Holy
Scriptures, and laboured with such industry in the inter-
vals of business, that he was able to put it to press in
1737, 4to; 2d ed., 1761, 4to; 3d ed., with improvements,
1769, 4to; 6th ed., with Life, by Alex. Chalmers, 1812, 4to;
10th ed., 1824, r. Svo. The editor of this last ed. hopes
that his "extraordinary care will obtain for this edition
the high recommendation of being THE MOST CORRECT EDI-
TION OF CRUDEN'S CONCORDANCE EVER PUBLISHED." But
alas! for the hope of faultless typography! The editor
of the Phila. reprint of 1830 professes to have discovered
(and corrected) in this immaculate edition, no less than
TEN THOUSAND ERRORS in the references, which had escaped
the eye of the London editor!
Of Cruden's Concordance, there have been many abridg-
ments, which profess to contain all that is valuable in the
original, which makes us marvel at the stupidity of the
author, who devoted so many days and nights to accumu-
late what we are now assured is entirely superfluous! Yet
being old-fashioned in our ideas, we rather prefer having
every line of this unnecessary matter.
The late Rev. Thos. Scott, author of the Commentary,
partially prepared a new Concordance to the Bible. See
his Life by his son. Mr. Scott remarks that
"The errors and deficiencies in Cruden are teufold more than
are generally suspected."
But, on the other hand, Dr. Williams declares that
"It is so complete as a Concordance that nothing remains mate-
rially deficient.”—Christian Preacher.
"It is not unlikely that Cruden, corrected and improved, will
still retain his place in English literature."―ORME: Bibl. Bib.
"Cruden's Concordance, or a similar work, is indispensable to
ministers."
Cruickshank, Brodie. Eighteen Years in the Gold
Coast of Africa, Lon., 1853, 2 vols.
!
..
One of the most interesting books that ever came into our
hands."-Lon. Standard.
“It will give a fresh impulse to the efforts of philanthropy and
religion."—John Bull.
·
Cruickshank, Thos. Practical Planter, Lon., 8vo.
Cruikshank, Geo. Salt Duties, 1734-45, 3 vols. fol.'
has attained great celebrity as an artist of rare talents,
Cruikshank, George, born in London about 1794,
both in humour and pathos. An interesting account
of his labours will be found in Men of the Time, Lon.
1853, 18mo, also in Lon. Jour., 1847, by Dr. Mackenzie;
Westm. Rev., 1840; Knight's Eng. Cyt., vol. ii., Div. Biog..
Cruikshank, Jas. Treat. on Polit. Econ., 1811, Svo.
Cruikshank, Robert, brother of George Cruikshank.
Facetia: being a Collection of all the Humorous Jeux-
d'Esprit which have been illustrated by R. C., Lon., 2 vols,
These vols. comprise all, from Monsieur Tonson to Margate.
Cruikshank, Wm., 1745-1800, an eminent surgeon
and anatomist, was a native of Edinburgh, and succes-
sively a pupil, assistant, and partner of the celebrated Dr.
Hunter. The publication of his Anatomy of the Absorbent
Vessels, in 1786, 4to, secured him immediate reputation;
2d ed., 1790, 4to. He had previously pub. treatises on
Absorption and Respiration, 1779, Svo. Some of his pa-
pers were pub. in Phil. Trans and Nic. Jour. See Watt's
Bibl. Brit.
►
Cruise, Major Richard A., Royal Army. Jour
nal of a Ten Months' Residence in New Zealand, Lon.,
1823, Svo. Contains much information respecting the
productions of New Zealand, and the manners, religion,
and character of the natives.
Cruise, Wm. Fines and Recoveries, 3d ed., Lon.,
1794, 2 vols. Svo. Modelled upon Fearne's Contingent
Remainders. Essay on Uses, 1795, Svo. Digest of the
Laws of England respecting Real Property, Lon., 1804-07,
7 vols. 8vo; 4th ed., by H. H. White, 1835, 7 vols. Svo:
5th Amer. from the 4th London ed., revised, enlarged, and
adapted to American Practice, by Simon Greenleaf, LL.D.,
Royall Prof. of Law in Harvard Univ., Boston, 1849, '50,
3 vols. 8vo.
}
"We are sure that Mr. Greenleaf could have performed no task
which would be more generally acceptable. than this very one of
winnowing the chaff from the wheat. It has been performed in a
manner which will do justice to his eminent reputation. No work
which has appeared for a long time will be more valuable to stu-
dents, or to the profession generally."-Law Reporter.
Principles of Conveyancing, Lon., 1808, 6 vols. Svo.
Origin and Nature of Dignities or Titles of Honour, Lon.,
1810, Svo; 2d ed., 1823, r. 8vo.
"Mr. Cruise's book is an extremely useful book of reference."-
LORD REDESDALE.
"With as little erroneous matter as might be expected in a book
of that description.”—SIR ANTHONY HART.
Crull, Jodocus, M.D. Antient and Present State
of Muscovy, Lon., 1698, 2 vols. 8vo. Continuation of
Puffendorf's Introduc. to Hist of Europe, 1705, 8vo.
tiquities of St. Peter in the Abbey Ch. of Westminster,
1711, 8vo; 1722, 2 vols. 8vo.
An-
Crump, J. Protection of Brit. Commerce, 1812.
Crump, John, became minister at Maidstone about
1653, ejected for Nonconformity, 1662. The Great Sup-
per, 1669, sm. Svo.
Crump, W. H., a native of England, has been for
many years settled in Philadelphia, where he is one of the
most popular and intelligent members of the periodical
press. The World in a Pocket Book, or Universal Popu-
Statisties, Phila., 1841, 24mo. Eighth ed., greatly
enlarged and improved, with the addition of Part 2, 1858,
12mo, pp. 446.
"Cruden's Concordance should be in everybody's library. It is
uncommonly complete, the definitions of leading words remark-
ably accurate, and the references exceedingly correct."-LOWNDES.
Cruden also wrote An Account of the History and Ex-lar
cellency of the Holy Scriptures, prefixed to a Compendium
of the Holy Bible; A Scripture Dictionary; an Index to
Bp. Newton's edit. of Milton; The History of Richard Pot-
ter, and sundry pieces under the names of The London
Citizen and Alexander the Corrector.
.
Crumpe, Saml., M.D., of Limerick, Ireland. Opium,
Lon., 1793, Svo. Essay on the Means of Providing Em-
ployment for the People, Lon., 1793; 2d ed., 1795, 8vo.
The prize proposed by the Royal Irish Academy was ob-
tained by this essay.
We notice with commendation Wm. Youngman's edit.
of Cruden's Concordance, with a Compendium of the Bible,
and a Brief Account of its History and Excellence, to
which is added a Sketch of the Life of the Author.
Cruden, John. Address to the loyal part of the
Brit. Empire, and the friends of Monarchy throughout
the Globe, Svo.
“A really valuable publication. . . . The principles which pervade
the work are sound; and those parts of it which have special refer-
ence to Ireland are distinguished by the absence of prejudice and
by their practical good sense."-McCULLOCH: Lit. of Polit. Econ.
Crumpe, Thomas. Orthography, Lon., 1712, 12mo.
Cruse, Peter Hoffman, 1793-1832, a native of Bal-
Cruden, R. P. Obser. upon Municipal Bodies in timore, contributed largely to the Reviews, and was for
Eng. and Wales, 1826, 8vo. Hist. of Gravesend and Port several years editor of the Baltimore American.
| Some
of London, 1844, r. 8vo.
of his poetry will be found in The Red Book, a periodical
"This volume contains a complete history of the Thames and pub. in Baltimore 1818-19, by Mr. Cruso and John P. KeL-
all that is connected with it, its Docks and Arsenals, and the great nedy, a favourite American author.
historical scenes that have been witnessed on its shores, added to
an immense amount of curious information relating to the early
history and progress of the navy, interesting alike to the antiquary
and political economist."
Crusio, Cato, M.D. Skin Disease, Phil. Trans., 1754.
Crusius, Lewis. Roman Poets, Lon., 1733, '53, 2
vols. 12mo.
456
'CRU
CUF
|
He unfortunately encumbered his argument by an admix-
ture of Platonic philosophy, and a "wild hypothesis of a
plastic nature," assumed to be the immediate instrument-
ality by which the Divine Being carried his purposes into
Cruso, Timothy, 1657?-1697, a Dissenting divine.execution. His fate, with some shallow minds, was that
Serms. 1688, '89, &c. Three vols. of Discourses, 1697, 98, of Sir Thomas Browne-to be considered a champion of
'99, sm. 8vo.
Cruso, Joh. Castremetion, or the measuring out the
quarters for the Encamping of an Army, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Medicamentorum Thesaurus, 1701, 8vo; in English, with
Annotations, Glossary, and Index, 1771, 12mo.
•
"Superior sermons for matter. Cruso's works might be advan-
tageously reprinted."-BICKERSTETH.
Crutchley, John. Agricult. of the County of Rut-
land, Lon., 1795, 4to. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Cruttenden, David H., b. 1816, Saratoga co., N.Y.;
grad. Union Coll., 1841. Author of a series of Systematic
Arithmetics; Philosophy of Sentential Language; Geo-
graphy and History Combined, &c.
Cruttenden, Jos. Wounded Seamen, &c., 1780, 4to.
Cruttenden, R. His Experience, Lon., 1744, 8vo.
Cruttwell, C., Surgeon. Professional treatise, Bath,
1778, 12mo.
Cruttwell, Rd. Treatise on Currency, Lon., 8vo.
Crutwell, Rev. Clement. The Scripture Har-
mony, or Concordance of Parallels, Lon., 1790, 4to.
"This is a very elaborate work, and will amply repay the labour
of consulting; though the parallelisms are not always to be traced.
and are sometimes very fanciful. But for this the industrious au-
thor is not to be censured, as he everywhere cites his authorities,
which are very numerous."-Horne's Introduction.
Crutwell pub. an edit. of the Bible in 1785, 3 vols. 4to,
with the notes of Bishop Wilson, of Sodor and Man. A
Gazetteer of France, 1793, 3 vols. 12mo; of the Nether-
lands, 1794, Svo. Universal Gazetteer, 1798, 3 vols. 4to.
1808, 4 vols. 8vo. Superseded by later works. Tour
through Great Britain, 1801, 6 vols. 8vo. Life of Bishop
Wilson, 4to.
Crutwell, Richd. Funeral Discourse, 1809.
Cruwys, H. S. Archetype of the Septuagint, 1773, 8vo.
Crymes, Thomas, alias Graham. Carmina Pro-
gymnastica, Lon., 1654, Svo. Roxburghe, 2803, £3 118.
Cubitt, George. Scriptural Expositions, Lon., 1844,
1 Smo.
Sketches and Skeletons
Parables, 1840, 18mo.
of Sermons, 18mo.
Cudmore, Daniel. Sacred Poems, Lon., 1655, Svo.
"Written in a great variety of measure, and several of them
have peculiar merit, mingled with much quaintness.”—Lowndes.
History of Joseph, a Poem, 1652, 4to.
Cudworth, John. Fides Eccl. Anglie., &c., Oxon.,
1688, fol.
+
"Cudworth's notion was adopted by many able writers, but
they do not appear to the author to have proved that the supposed
view was intended by our Lord.”—BICKERSTETH; Chris. Student.
Two Sermons, 1647, 4to. In 1678 he pub. his celebrated
work, The True Intellectual System of the Universe;
wherein the Reason and Philosophy of Atheism is confuted;
fol.; 2d ed., with Life of the author by Birch, 1733, 2 vols.
4to. Abridgt. of 1st ed., 1706, 2 vols. 4to, by Rev. Thomas
Wise.. In Latin, by Mosheim; Jenæ, 1733, 2 vols. fol. ;
with improvements, Leyden, 1773, 2 vols. 4to.
"The Latin translation by Professor Mosheim is greatly to be
preferred to the English original, not only for its purity and ele
gance, but also for its great abundance and excellence of learned
notes."-BISHOP WARBURTON.
impieties, which he abhorred.
"He raised such strong objections against the being of a God
and Providence, that many thought he had not answered them."
-DRYDEN.
"Though the whole world were no less satisfied with his capa-
city and learning, than with his sincerity in the cause of the
Deity; yet was he accused of giving the upper hand to the atheists,
for having stated their reasons and those of their adversaries fairly
The common fate of those who dare to appear fair
together.
authors."-LORD SHAFTESBURY.
The depth of erudition displayed in the Intellectual
System has been a subject of admiration to the learned of
all varieties of opinion.
Cudworth did not complete his whole design in the In-
tellectual System, but was discouraged from publishing
any thing further by the misrepresentations to which his
learned labours were subjected. He left several MSS.,
which appear to have been intended as a continuation of
his design. One of these, A Treatise concerning eternal
and immutable Morality, was pub. by Bishop Chandler
1731, Svo. A number of his MSS. are deposited in the
British Museum. Cudworth's great work was elicited by
the absurd, yet mischievous, principles advocated by Hobbes
in the Leviathan. Being a perfectly fair and ingenuous
opponent, Cudworth placed the atheistic doctrines which
he intended to refute in the clearest light, and stated them
with such force, that, to his amazement, he found his own
sincerity doubted when he proceeded to show their fallacy!
"It contains the greatest mass of learning and argument that
ever was brought to bear on atheism. A thousand folio pages,
full of learned quotations, and references to all heathen and sacred
antiquity, demonstrate the fertility and laborious diligence of
the author. And whoever wishes to know all that can be said
respecting liberty and necessity, fate and free-will, eternal reason
and justice, and arbitrary omnipotence, has only to digest the
Intellectual System."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"It will at least be expedient. I had almost said necessary, to
know sɔ much of the opinions of heathen antiquity as is to be
learned from those authentic documents which the industry of
the indefatigable Cudworth has collected and arranged with great
judgment."-BISHOP HORSLEY.
"Great strength of genius and a vast compass of learning."-
BISHOP BURNET.
**
With a boldness uncommon indeed. but very becoming a man
conscious of his own integrity, and of the truth and evidence of
his cause, Dr. Cudworth launched out into the immensity of the
Intellectual System. and. at his first essay, penetrated the very
darkest recesses of antiquity to strip atheism of all its disguises,
and drag up the lurking monster to conviction."-BISHOP WAR-
"Cudworth was one of those whom Hobbes had roused by the
atheistic and immoral theories of the Leviathan; nor did any an-
tagonist of that philosopher bring a more vigorous understanding
to the combat."-HALLAM: Literary History.
"Dr. Ralph Cudworth held the same rank in Metaphysics that
Dr. Barrow did in the Sublime Geometry."—Granger's Biog. Hist.
"The Platonic philosophy was with greater accuracy and sounder
Cudworth, Ralph, 1617-16SS, a native of Aller,
1617-16SS, a native of Aller,
Somersetshire, where his father was rector, was educated
at Emanuel College, Cambridge, of which he became a
Fellow and Tutor; Rector of North Cadbury, 1641;
Master of Clare Hall, 1644; Prof. of. Hebrew, 1645; Mas-
ter of Christ's College, 1654; Vicar of Ashwell, Hertford-judgment [than evinced by Gale] applied to the refutation of in-
shire, 1662; Prebendary of Gloucester, 1678. The Lord's piety by Ralph Cudworth. . . . In this important undertaking,
Supper, with two Sermons on the Union of Christ and the he very successfully employed a vast fund of erudition.”—Enfield's
Hist of Philosophy.
Church in a Shadow, Lon., 1642, Svo. Cudworth's hypo-
thesis is that the Supper is a Feast upon a Sacrifice. This
opinion was revived by Bishops Warburton and Cleaver,
Dr. Worthington and Mr. Willets, and opposed by Dr.
Bell and others.
BURTON.
"Like another Atlas, he carried in this work the whole World
of Learning on his broad intellectual shoulders."
"The Intellectual System is an immense storehouse of facts, of
arguments, and principles."
"That great master of learning and reasoning, Dr. Cudworth."
-DR. J. PYE SMITH,
"The Intellectual System will forever remain a precious mine
of information to those whose curiosity may lead them to study
the spirit of the ancient theories."-DUGALD STEWART.
"The Intellectual System is a work of stupendous erudition,
and of frequent mastery over diction and illustration on subjects
where it is most rare.”—SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH.
"Amongst all the early philosophical writers of our country,
there is no one who displayed so complete a mastery over the me
taphysical systems of antiquity, and no one who has left behind
him so vast a monument of varied and accurate learning. as Ralph
Cudworth, the author of the Intellectual System."-Morell's Hist.
of Modern Philosophy.
It is pleasing to reflect that to the eminent Cudworth
may be added the title of good as well as great:
"An excellent and learned divine, of highest authority at home
and abroad."-LORD SHAFTESBURY: Characteristics.
mends Cudworth:
An unimpeachable authority thus enthusiastically com-
"He was a great man in all parts of learning, divine and hu-
man; an honour to Emanuel College, where he was educated, to
Christ's College, where he afterwards presided, to the whole Uni-
versity of Cambridge, which he adorned; and to the church and
age in which he lived.”—Bishop BurnET.
Will not the University of Cambridge, thus honoured
by his name, honour his memory by publishing his MSS.?
How much would the world be the gainer by the reflec
tions of so profound a thinker as Cudworth upon such sub-
jects as "Moral Good and Evil;" "Liberty and Necessi-
ty" "The Seventy Weeks of Daniel;" "The Creation of
the World;""The Learning of the Hebrews;" "The Notion
of Hobbes concerning God and Spirits!" We feel soine
pride in recording the fact that an edition of The True In-
intellectual System of the Universe has been published in
America-Andover, 1837, 2 vols. r. Svo-and an edit. of his
whole works has recently been issued in New York, 2 vols.
8vo. We must not omit to recommend to the reader the ex-
cellent edition published in London in 1845, 3 vols. 8vo,
which contains the learned Notes and Dissertations of the
Latin edition by Mosheim, translated by Harrison.
Cudworth, Wm. Sermons, &c., 1747, '60.
Cuff, or Cuffe, Henry, 1560?-1601, Greek Prof. at
157
CUE
CUM
Merton College, Oxford, was executed at Tyburn as a par-
ticipant of the treason of the Earl of Essex. The Difference
of the Ages of Man's Life, Lon., 1607, Svo. He left some
papers evincing great learning. See Wood's Athen. Oxon.
Cuffe, Maurice. News from Munster, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Cuitt, George. Hist. of Chester, 1815, Svo. Etch-
ings of Ancient Buildings, 1816, fol. Wanderings and
Pencillings amongst Ruins of the Olden Time, 1848, r. fol.
"These plates are etched with great freedom, and remind us of
the etchings of Rome, (by Pyranesi.) to which they come nearer
than any modern work of British Art of a similar class."-Lon.
Times.
Culham, B. P. The Fig Leaf; a Poem, 3d ed., 1805.
Cull, Francis. Sermon, Lon., 1732, 8vo.
Cull, Richard. Garrick's mode of reading the Li-
turgy; new ed., Lon.. 1840, Svo.
Cullen, Arch. Principles of the Bankrupt Law, 1800.
"Written with brevity and distinctness: omitting nothing that
is material. and introducing nothing that is unimportant."Lon.
Monthly Review.
Cullen, C. S. The Bankrupt Court, 1830.
Cullen, Charles. Chemical Analysis of Wolfram,
Chemical Analysis of Wolfram,
Lon., 1785, 8vo. History of Mexico, 1787, 2 vols. 4to.
Cullen, Edmund, M.D. Phys. and Chem. Essays,
1785-91.
"A most vile pamphlet."-Fasti Oxon.
Dean and Chapter Newes from Canterbury, 1649, 4to.
Culbertson, Robert. Serm., 1817. Lectures on the Minister's Hue and Cry, 1651, 4to. Lawless Tithe Robbers
Prophecies of St. John, 1818, 2 vols. 8vo.
Discovered, 1655, 4to.
"Rather tedious, but always sensible."—ORME.
"The production of a man of no ordinary endowments.”—Lon.
Congregational Mag.
"One of the most judicious expositions of the Book of Revela-
tion."-Lon. Eclectic Rev.
Cullen, Margaret, daughter of DR. CULLEN, of Edin-
burgh, q. v. Home; a Novel, 1803, 5 vols. Morton; a
Novel, 1814, 3 vols. 12mo.
Cullen, Michael. Churchwarden's Guide, Dubl.,1823.
Cullen, Paul, R. C. Archbishop of Armagh, conse-
crated Feb. 24, 1850, has written a work, "affirming the
immutability of the earth, on the ground of his interpre-
tation of the theological records."-Men of the Time, Lon.,
1853.
Cullen, Stephen. The Castle of Inchvally; a Tale,
alas! too true, 1796, 3 vols. 12mo. The Haunted Priory, Svo.
Cullen, Wm., M.D., 1712-1790, a native of Lanark-
shire, made several voyages to the West Indies as surgeon
in a London trading vessel. He afterwards settled at
Shotts, where he entered into copartnership with Dr. Wm.
Hunter. In 1746 Cullen was appointed Lecturer on Che-
mistry in the University of Glasgow, and in 1751 became
King's Professor of Medicine. In 1756 he accepted the
chair of Chemistry in the Univ. of Edinburgh, and in 1763 |
succeeded Dr. Alston as Professor of Medicine. When
obliged by physical infirmity to resign his office to Dr.
Black, he became associated with Dr. Gregory in the lec-
tures on the practice of physic. Synopsis Nosologia Me-
thodicæ in usum Studiosorum, Edin., 1769, 8vo; many edits.;
the best by Dr. John Thompson, 1814, Svo. Lectures on
the Materia Medica, Lon., 1772, 4to; pub. without the
author's consent; reprinted with his permission, 1773, 4to;
Cullen's own edit., 1789, 2 vols. 4to. The last is the edit.
to be sought for. It is still one of the best works on the
subject. The Recovery of the Drowned, Edin., 1775, Svo.
First Lines of the Practice of Physic, Edin., 1776-83, 4
vols. 8vo; many edits. Dr. Rotherham's, Edin., 1796, 4
vols. 8vo; several edits. by Dr. P. Reid; last, 1816, 2 vols.
8vo. The 7th edit. in 2 vols. Svo, with Notes, was pub. by
Dr. Gregory. Clinical Lectures, 1765, '66, pub. by an au-
ditor, Lon., 1797, 8vo; by John Thompson, Edin., 1814, 8vo.
Of Cold; Ess. Phys. and Lit., 2 p., cxlv., 1756. This tract
is also pub. with some Experiments by Dr. Black, Edin.,
1776-82.
The amiability of Dr. Cullen's character elicited the love,
whilst his professional attainments commanded the respect,
of his associates and the public at large. See his Life by
Dr. Anderson in The Bee, vol. i.
Culley, George, 1734-1813. Observations on Live
Stock, Lon., 1786, 8vo. Agricult.
Agricult. of Northumberland,
1797, 8vo; in conjunction with J. Bailey.
.
The treatise on live stock has ever been very justly esteemed,
and the county survey shows an enlightened mind."-Donaldson's
Agricult. Biog.
•
Top. Brit.; see No. 23. A Remarkable Frost, Phil. Trans.,
1784. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
Cullum, Sir Thomas Gery. Con. to Med. Chs.
and Inq., 1794. Mem. Med., 1792. See article next above.
Cullyer, John. Gent. and Farmer's Assistant, Lon.,
1798, 12mo.
Culloch, Mc. See McCULLOCH.
Cullum, Sir Dudley. Stove; Phil. Trans., 1694.
Cullum, Rev. Sir John, 1733–1785, Fellow of St.
Catherine Hall, Cambridge; Rector of Hawstead, 1762
Vicar of Great Thurlow, 1774. The Hist. and Antiq. of
Hawstead and Hardwick, Suffolk; 2d ed., with Notes by
his brother, Sir Thomas Gery Cullum, Lon., 1813, r. 4to.
200 copies printed. The 1st ed. was pub. in Nichols's Bib.
"Usefully compiled."-Donaldsm's Agricult. Biog.
Tables for Gentlemen, Farmers, &c., Norw., 1803, 12mo.
Culmer, Rev. Richard. Cathedrall Newes from
Canterbury, Lon., 1644, 4to.
"Mr. Richard Culmer was an ignorant person, and with his g
norance one of the most daring schismatics in all that country;
[Kent."-ARCHBISHOP LAUD.
See an account of Culmer-"Blue Dick of Thanet”—in
Wood's Fasti Oxon.
Culpepper, Sir John. Speech in Parliament, 1641, fol.
Culpepper, Nathaniel. Almanack, Camb., 1686,8vo.
Culpepper, Nicholas, 1616-1654, "student in Phy-
sic and Astrology," was a violent opponent of the Royal
College of Physicians. He pub. a number of works on
Medicine, Medical Botany, Astrology, the Aurum Potabile,
&c.: see Watt's Bib. Brit. His English Physician, 1652,
fol., has passed through many editions. His Herbal is not
without merit:
"His descriptions of common plants are drawn up with a clear-
ness and distinction that would not have disgraced a better pen
DR. PULTENEY.
10
Culpepper, Sir Thomas. Moral Discourses and
Essays, Lon., 1655, Svo. He pub. several tracts upon
Usury, 1661-71, urging the reduction of the rate of inte-
rest. See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy.
Culros, Lady Eliz. M. Ane Godlie Dreame com
pylit in Scotish meter, Edin., 1603, 4to.
66
Lady Culros's Dreame was long popular among the Scottish
Presbyterians."-DR. LEYDEN.
Armstrong states in his Essays that he recollected having
heard it sung by the peasants to a plaintive air.
Culverhouse, C. Bread Laws, Lon., 1815, 8vo.
Culverwell, Ezekiel, a Puritan divine. Treatise
of Faith, Lon., 1629, 12mo. A Blessed Estate, 1633, 12mo.
Meditations, 1634, 12mo.
Culverwell, Nath. Light of Nature, &c., 1652, 4to.
Culy, David. Theolog. works, Boston, 1787, 12mo.
Cumberland, Earls of. See CLIFFORD, George,
HENRY.
Cumberland, Denison, Bishop of Clonfert, Ire-
land, 1763; of Kilmore, 1772. Serm. on Luke xv. 10,
1764, 4to; on John xvi. 2, 3, 1765, 4to.
Orig. Tales, 1810, 2 vols.
Cumberland, George. Anecdotes of the Life of
Julio Bonafoni; with a cat. of his Engravings, Lon., 1793,
Svo. Lewina, &c., 1793, 4to. Hafod, and the neigh-
bouring scenes, &c., 1796, Svo.
Con. to Nic. Jour., 1807, '10, '11.
Cumberland, Richard, 1632-1718, Fellow of Mag-
dalen College, Cambridge; Rector of Brampton; presented
to the living of All-hallows, Stamford, 1667; Bishop of
Peterborough, 1691. 1. De Legibus Naturæ Disquisitio
Philosophiæ, &c., et Elementorum Philosophiæ Hobbianæ
Refutatio, Lon., 1672, fol. Lub. et Francf., 1683, 4to.
In
English by J. Maxwell, Lon., 1727, 4to. Abridged in
English by T. Tyrrell, Lon., 1692, Svo. Trans. with Notes.
by Rev. John Towers, Dubl., 1750, 4to. In French by
Barbeyrac, Amst., 1744, 4to.
"Ce livre est un des meilleurs sur le droit naturel, quoique un
peu abstrait."
This work, like most others upon the same difficult sub-
joct, has been superseded by Rutherforth's Institutes of
Natural Law, (Lon., 1754-56, 2 vols. 8vo.)
"Which we think deridedly preferable to any other production
on that topic, with which we are acquainted."-Hoffman's Legal
Study, 112.
2. An Essay towards the Recovery of Jewish Weights.
and Measures, 1685, Svo.
"It discovers great sagacity, learning, and research. The sub-
ject is attended with many difficulties. which the bishop of Peter-
borough combats, perhaps as successfully as could reasonably be
expected. The work was attacked by Bernard in a Latin work on
the same subject, published two years after; but it is highly spoken
of by Le Clerc."-ORME: Bill. Bib.
"A good treatise on the subject."-BICKERSTETH: Chris. Student,
3. Sanchoniatho's Hist. of the Phoenicians, trans. from
of it by Eratosthenes Cyranæus, his Canon, &c., 1720,
Eusebius de Preparatione Evangelica, with a continuation
Svo, posth.
"A curious and learned work.... Perhaps there are more learn-
ing and labour thrown away on these fragments, than their Im
portance deserves."-ORME, úbi supra.
458
CUM
CUN
4. Origines Gentium Antiquissima; or Attempts for
discovering the time of the first planting of nations, 1724,
8vo, posth.
แ
Many curious and obscure particulars are embraced in this
work. They are very similar to some of the investigations of
Michaelis and Bochart, and are pursued with similar ingenuity
and diligence.”—Ibid.
acute and skilful controversialist, and a diligent and suc-
cessful author." Many pages might be quoted in commen-
dation of his works, although they have not escaped severe
criticism. His writings are so numerous that a mere
enumeration of titles demands more space than we can
well afford. 1. Church of Scotland. 2. Apocalyptic
Sketches. 3. Lectures on the Seven Churches. 4. Lect.
on Christ's Miracles. 5. Lect. on the Parables. 6. Lect.
on Daniel. 7. The Finger of God. 8. Christ our Pass-
over. 9. The Comforter. 10. A Message from God. 11.
The Great Sacrifice. 12. Christ receiving Sinners. 13. Is
Christianity from God? 14. Sab. M. Readings on Genesis.
"See especially Tract iv., Concerning the possibility of a suffi-
cient increase of men from the three sons of Noah, to a number
large enough to found all the nations mentioned in the oldest cre-
dible histories,” &c.—McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy, 253.
The pastoral industry, affectionate zeal, and fervent
piety of Bishop Cumberland, were as conspicuous as his
piety of Bishop Cumberland, were as conspicuous as his
learning and theological acumen.
15. On Exodus. 16. On Leviticus. 17. Benedictions. 18.
following numbers, 29 to 36 inclusive, have been pub. in a vol.,
of Occasional Discourses: 29. 30.
Equality. 31. Fraternity. 32. The Revolutionists. 33.
Cumberland, Richard, 1732–1811, was son of De-Voices of the Night. 19. Of the Day. 20. Of the Dead.
nison Cumberland, Bishop of Kilmore, grandson of the
of Kilmore, grandson of the 21. God in History. 22. Infant Salvation. 23. The Baptis
celebrated Dr. Bentley, and great-grandson of the Bishop mal Font. 24. Lectures for the Times. 25. Christian Pa-
of Peterborough. He was educated at Westminster and
triotism. 26. The Communion-Table. 27. Almost Protestant,
Trinity College, Cambridge. He became secretary to Lord
&c.: 4 Lectares. 28. The Church before the Flood. The
Halifax, and in 1780 was on a secret mission to
Spain and Portugal, which resulted in a loss of credit and
money.. A debt of £5000, expended by him for the pub-
lic service, was disowned by the ministry, and Cumberland
was obliged to part with his patrimony, and retire to Tun-
bridge Wells, where he devoted himself entirely to those
literary pursuits which had been a source of recreation in
better days. We notice some of his principal productions.
His comedies of The West Indian, The Wheel of Fortune,
The Jew, and The Fashionable Lover, were most favour-
ably received, and possess unquestionable merit. He dis-
plays a higher tone of morality than dramatic literature can
always claim, and Goldsmith did not hesitate to style him
"The Terence of England, the mender of Hearts."
The True Charter. 34. The True Succession. 35. Psalm
for the Day; Expos. of Ps. xci. 36. Thanksgiving; Ex-
pos. of Ps. ciii. 37. Our Father; a Week's Family Prayers.
land. 39. An edit. of Fox's Book of Martyrs. 40. An
38. An edit. of The Pulpit Psalm Book; Church of Scot-
edit. of Albert Barnes's Notes. 41. Trans. of the last
French edit. of Bonaventure's Psalter of the Blessed Vir-
gin. 42. Discussion upon Protestantism, with Daniel
French, Esq., held at Hammersmith in April and May,
1839. 43. The Tent and the Altar. 44. Daily Family
Devotion, 4to. Other works.
His novels, Arundel, Henry, and John de Lancaster,
are devoid of that vivacity and sprightliness which con-
stitute the soul of fiction. How far his female readers
may have resented a characteristic noticed by an eminent
authority, we shall not pretend to determine:
"He had a peculiar taste in love affairs, which induced him to
reverse the natural and useful practice of courtship, and to throw
upon the softer sex the task of wooing, which is more gracefully,
as well as naturally, the province of the man."-SIR WALTER SCOTT.
He pub. several theological tracts, a Version of Fifty of
the Psalms of David, The Exodiad, and a poem entitled
Calvary, or the Death of Christ. His Anecdotes of Emi-
nent Painters in Spain during the 16th and 17th centuries,
abound in interesting and curious information. In 1785
he pub. in 2 vols. the series of Essays under the title of
The Observer, enlarged in 1786, pub. in 5 vols. in 1790,
and in 1803 incorporated with the British Classics.
"The Observer, though the sole labour of an individual, is yet
rich in variety, both of subject and manner; in this respect, in-
deed, as well as in literary interest. and fertility of invention, it
may be classed with the Spectator and Adventurer. If inferior to
the latter in grandeur of fiction, or to the former in delicate irony
and dramatic unity of design, it is wealthier in its literary fund
than either, equally moral in its views, and as abundant in the
creation of incident. I consider it, therefore, with the exception of
the papers just mentioned, as superior, in its powers of attraction,
to every other periodical composition."-Dr. Drake's Essays, vol. v.
His last work, pub. in the year of his death, is entitled
Retrospection, a Poem in Familiar Verse. The work by
which he will be best known to posterity is his Memoirs,
interspersed with Anecdotes and Characters of the Most
Distinguished Persons of his Time, 1806, 4to. Supp.,
1807, 4to.
With Illustrative Notes, edited by Henry
Flanders, [see p. 602. post,] Phila., 1856, Svo.
"It is indeed one of the author's most pleasing works, and con-
veys a very accurate idea of his talents, feelings, and character,
with many powerful sketches of the age which has passed away."-
SIR WALTER SCOTT.
Cuming, Patrick. Serm., 1746, Svo; do., 1760, Svo.
Cuming, Ralph, M.D. Amanuensis Med. et Chir.,
Lon., 1806, Svo.
Cuming, Wm., M.D., 1714-1788, of Dorchester, Eng-
land, pub. nothing himself, but aided in Hutchin's Hist.
of Dorset, and in other publications.
Cumings, Henry, D.D., of Billerica, Mass., died
1823. Fourteen Discourses, pub. separately. 1783, &c.
Cumming, Alex., of Boston, Mass., died 1763. Serm.
preached at his own installation, 1761.
It is a specimen of his talents, and of his regard to the truths
of his gospel."—Swill's Funt. Serm.
|
Cumming, Alex., d. 1814. Clock and Watch Work,
Lon., 1766, 4to. Gravitation, Edin., 1803, 4to. Broad
Wheels of Carriages, 1804, 4to.
Cumming, James. Feltham's Resolves, with an ac-
count of the author. Lon.. 1806, Svo,
Cumming, John, D.D., b. 1810, a native of Aber-
deenshire, Scotland. In 1832 he became minister of the
Scotch Church in Crown Court, Covent-Garden, London.
"He has distinguished himself as a popular preacher, an
The sale of Dr. Cumming's works has exceeded that of
the productions of any other theological writer of the day.
"The Rev. John Cumming is now the great pulpit orator of Lon-
don, as Edward Irving was some twenty years since. But very
different is the doctor from that strange, wonderfully eloquent,
but erratic man. There could not by possibility be a greater con-
trast. The one all fre, enthusiasm, and semi-madness: the other
a man of chastened energy and convincing calmness. The one
like a meteor, flashing across the troubled sky, and then vanish-
ing suddenly in the darkness; the other like a silver star, shining
serenely, and illuminating our pathway with its steady ray."
noticed that he referred either to the Apocalyptic mysteries or to
"Often have we heard Dr. Cumming, but never without having
Papacy. These are his two great topics.... By many able persons
it is considered that Dr. Cumming is mistaken in many of the pre
dictions which he utters, and that his great abilities are wasted
on mysteries which, after all, are unfathomable by mortal mind."-
Pen-Pictures of Popular English Preachers, ed. 1852, 13-28, 7. v.
"Careful research, acute argument, brilliant illustration. graphic
description, and eloquent appeal, all unite in enriching and embel
lishing his papers, [Lectures for the Times,] alluring the most indif-
ferent to read, and compelling the most prejudiced against his
views to pause and consider.”—Edinburgh Ecclesiustival Journal.
Cumming, Preston. Dictionary of Congregational
Principles, Boston, 1852, 12mo.
Cumming, R. G. Five Years' Lion Hunting in
South Africa, Lon., 2 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1850.
..
• It is difficult to lay the volumes down until the issue of each
adventure, as they rapidly follow one another, has been ascer
tained."-Lon. Quart. Keview.
Cummings, Abr., 1755-1827. Theolog. treatises.
Cummings, George. Sermon, Lon., 1713, Svo.
Cummings, Jacob A., 1773-1820, of Boston, pub.
a number of popular educational works.
The
Cummings, Maria, an American authoress.
Lamplighter, Boston, 1854, 12mo. So great is the popularity
of this work, that 40,000 copies were issued within eight
weeks from its first publication, and seventy thousand in
about a twelvemonth.
"There is to us a charm about this story which we cannot fully
express. . . . We thank Miss Cummings heartily for the pleasure
she has given, and is yet to give, to thousands of readers. May
her present success-deserved alike by the merits of her book and
her motive in writing it-stimulate her to further and to mere
successful exertions!"-Norton's Lit. Gazette.
Mabel Vaughan, Bost., 1857, 12mo.
"It is a charming story, to which the character of 'Rose' gives
the same interest and beauty which little ‘Gertrude' and the old
<
Lamplighter gave to the author's first production; while, con-
sidered as a piece of literary mechanism, it is more finished and
better sustained. The interest of the story does not flag, and its
arrangement and execution are far in advance of The Lamp
lighter."
Cummings, R. T. Church of Ireland, 12mo.
Cummying, Mrs. Susannah. Estelle, Lon., 1798,
2 vols. 12mo. Juvenile Biography, or the Lives of Little
Children, 1801, 2 vols. 12mo.
Cuninghame, Alex. Dissertatio Medica de Epilep-
sia. Lugd. Bat., 1725, 4to.
Cuninghame, David. Dissertatio Medica de Dy.
sentaria, Tr. ad Rh., 1725, 4to.
459
CUN
CUN
·
Cuninghame, James. Warnings, Lon., 1711, 8vo.
Cuninghame, Wm. Evidences, Lon., 1804, 12mo.
Levi's Diss. on Prophecies, 1810, 8vo. Apostasy of the
Church of Rome, 1818, Svo. Seals and Trumpets of the
Apocalypse, &c., 1813, 8vo; 4th ed., 1843, Svo.
Few works which have lately appeared on the Apocalypse have
higher claims to the character of research and ingenuity. Many
of his remarks on the seals and trumpets are original and well
supported." ORME.
"A soberly written and truly valuable work.”—T. H. HORNE.
See Lon. Christian Observer, xiii. 163–180.
"This work contains much valuable instruction, just applica-
tion and true exposition. . . . All of Mr. C.'s works deserve consi-
deration."-BICKERSTETH: see Christian Student and Guide to the
Prophecies.
This learned loyaan has pub. several other valuable
theological works.
"Mr. Cuninghame deserves well of every friend to revelation
for his zeal and perseverance in defending its evidence and illus-
trating its subjects.”—ORME: Bibl. Bib.
Cunn, Samuel. Mathemat. works, Lon., 1714-45.
Cunningham, Alexander, 1654-1737? a native of
Ettrick, Scotland, was British Envoy to Venice, 1715-20.
The celebrated criticisms on Horace, pub. in 1721, 2 vols.
Svo, and some remarks on Virgil, pub. 1742, have been
attributed to this person, but there seems to be but little
doubt that the annotations in question are to be ascribed
to another Alexander Cunningham, who died at the Hague
in 1730. See Chalmers's Biog. Dict. and Scots' Mag, for
Oct., 1804. The subject of this article wrote The History
of Great Britain from 1688 to the Accession of George I.
Trans. from the Latin into English, by Rev. Dr. Wm.
son, and pub. by Rev. Dr. Thos. Hollingberry.
It is no small praise conferred by a London journal of
high authority, that
"Mr. Allan Cunningham has done justice to his subject, and
produced a work of great interest and utility."-Gentleman's Mag.
In addition to the works noticed above, we should not
omit to record the fact that, Mr. Cunningham was a contri-
butor to the excellent Conversation Lexicon, pub. by Blackie
& Son, of Edinburgh, in 28 parts, and to several of the
periodicals of the day. In 1847 an edit. of his Poems and
Songs was pub. by his son, Mr. Peter Cunningham.
"The works of the most tender and pathetic of the Scottish min-
strels, in a cheap and elegant form.”—Blackwood's Mag.
Many interesting particulars, letters, &c. relative to our
author will be found in Lockhart's Life of Sir Walter Scott,
with an extract from which, and a few lines from a distin-
guished female critic, we must conclude our article:
“ November 14.-We breakfasted at honest Allan Cunningham's
honest Allan-a leal and true Scotchman of the old cast. A
man of genius, besides, who only requires the tact of knowing
when and where to stop, to attain the universal praise which ought
to follow it. I look upon the alteration of 'It's hame and it's
Thom-going. His prose has often admirable passages; but he is obscure,
hame,' and 'A wet sheet and a flowing sea,' as among the best songs
and overlays his meaning, which will not do now-a-days, when he
who runs inust read.”—Sir Walter Sçott's Diary.
"It contains many curious anecdotes and facts not to be found
in other histories, and which throw new light on several important
transactions in this kingdom.”
Cunningham, Allan, 1785-1842, a native of Black-
wood, near Dalswinton, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, was the
son of a gardener. He was apprenticed to his uncle, a
country mason, but feeling dissatisfied with this position,
he removed in 1810 to London, where he became connected
with the newspaper press. In 1814 he was so fortunate as
to obtain the situation of Clerk and overseer of the esta-
blishment of the celebrated sculptor, Sir Francis Chantrey.
This association was only dissolved by the death of Sir
Francis in November, 1841. Cunningham survived his
friend and patron less than a twelvemonth. He industriously
devoted his leisure time to those literary pursuits for which
he had a strong natural predilection, and obtained an ho-
nourable position among the celebrities of the day. Among
his earlier compositions were many of the pieces in Cromek's
Remains of Nithsdale and Galloway Song, pub. in 1810;
q. v.
In 1822 appeared his dramatic poem of Sir Marma-
duke Maxwell.
6.
Many parts of the poetry are eminently beautiful... . The
fault which, I think, attaches to Lord Maxwell, is a want of distinct
precision and intelligibility about the story, which counteracts,
especially with ordinary readers, the effect of beautiful and forcible
diction, poetical imagery. and animated description."--Sir Walter
Scrill's Letters to the Author.
2. Traditionary Tales of the Peasantry, 1822, 2 vols.
3. Lord Roldan; a Romance, 3 vols. 4. Sir Michael Scott;
a Romance, 3 vols. 5. Paul Jones; a Romance, 3 vols.
"It has established the author's character as one of the most dis-
tinguished writers in the province of fiction."—Lon.N.Monthly Mag.
6. The Maid of Elwar; a Romance. 7. Songs of Scot-
land, Ancient and Modern, with an Essay and Notes, his-
torical and literary, 1825, 4 vols. er. 8vo.
•
•
The Ettrick Shepherd has collected not a few of those things,'
said Scott, and I suppose many snatches of song may yet be found?
Cunningh&m: I have gathered many such things myself. Sir Wal-
ter, and as I still propose to make a collection of all Scottish songs
of poetic merit. I shall work up many of my stray verses and cu-
rious anecdotes in the notes. Scott: I am glad that you are about
such a thing; any help which I can give you, you may command;
ask me any questions, no matter how many, I shall answer them
if I can.
Don't be timid in your selection; our ancestors fought
boldly, spoke boldly, and sang boldly too."" See Cunninghain's
Recollections of Scott, in Lockhart's Biography of Sir Walter.
8. Lives of the Most Eminent British Painters, Sculp-
tors, and Architects, 1829-33, 6 vols. 12mo. In Murray's
Family Library. Perhaps the most popular of Cunning-
ham's works.
..
The critical observations profusely scattered through these
Biographies will render them useful to the student, while the per-
sonal anecdotes with which they abound make them equally allur-
ing to the ordinary reader."
"A magnificent work, and a treasury of instructive criticism."
-Dr, Dibdin's Reminiscences.
9. Biog. and Crit. Hist. of the Literature of the last Fifty
Years; pub. in the London Athenæum for 1833; repub. in
Paris, 8vo. 10. The Works of Robert Burns, with a New
Life and Notes, 1834; 2d edit.. 1835, 8 vols. 8vo. This edi-
tion is highly commended. 11. Biog. and Crit. Disserta-
tions to Major's Cabinet Gallery of Pictures, 1833-34,
2 vols. r. Svo; 73 beautiful engravings.
Only two days before his death Cunningham completed,
12. The Life, Journals, and Correspondence of his friend
Sir David Wilkie, pub. in 1843, in 3 vols. 8vo. Sir Robert
Peel had remarked,
"If ever Sir David Wilkie's correspondence shall see the light,
it will, I am confident, serve to add to the honour in which he is
already held. from the devotion which is manifest to his art, aud
the generosity which it testifies towards every competitor."
"His ballads and lyrical pieces are exquisite in feeling, chasto
and elegant in style, graceful in expression, and natural in concep
tion; they will bear the strictest and most critical inspection of
those who consider elaborate flourish to be, at least, the second ro
quisite of the writers of song."-MRS. HALL.
Cunningham, Francis. Origen against Celsus,
Camb., 1812, Svo. Letter to Lord Bexley, 1827, Svo.
Cunningham, Francis. Trans. of Gieseler's Text-
Book of Ecclesiastical History, Lon., 1842, 3 vols. 8vo.
See DAVIDSON, REV. SAMUEL, LL.D.
"I prefer Gieseler's to any other Church history."-PROF. STUART.
Cunningham, G. Cheerful Companion; Songs,
Catches, and Glees, 1797.
Cunningham, George Godfrey. Foreign Tales
and Traditions, Lon., 2 vols. 12mo. Editor of A History of
England in the Lives of Englishmen; last edit., 1853, S vols.
Svo, Lon. and Edin. This excellent work is beyond all
praise. We have occasionally been indebted to its learned
and attractive pages, as the reader will observe by the re-
ferences in the present work. We should dwell longer upon
its merits, but that we find ready for our purpose the fol-
lowing eulogies from sources of a higher character than
we can claim :
"In originality and excellence of plan, this work is entitled to
command an extensive sale. The matter for copiousness and con-
densation, and the style for clearness, vigour, and impartiality, are
eminently distinguished. The introductions are excellent, and
not unworthy of our very best constitutional writers."-Lon.
Monthly Review.
"Embodying the history of England in the lives of Englishmen.
and the nearest approach, compatible with truth, to the historical
plays of Shakspeare, and the historical novels of Scott. We warmly
recommend the work as a mine of valuable information presented
in the most attractive form.”—Tail's Edin. Mag.
Cunningham, Isabella, Countess of Glencairn. A
Letter to the Rt. Hon. Spencer Perceval, Bristol, 1812, 4to.
Cunningham, J. W., Vicar of Harrow. World with-
out Souls, Lon., 1805, 12mo; many edits. Essay on Intro-
1814, Svo; many edits.
duc. Christianity in India, 1808, 8vo. The Velvet Cushion,
It excited much controversy.
Morning Thoughts, 1825, 12mo. De Rance; a Poem, 8vo.
Serms., 3d edit., 1823, 2 vols. Svo, and 1824. Lectures on
Jonah. Other works.
Cunningham, James. Essay upon the Inscription
of Macduff's Crosse in Fyfe. By I. C., Edin., 1678, 4to
also attributed to James Carmichael.
"A learned essay."-BISHOP NICOLSON: Scol. Hist. Lib.
In Floridum Asaphensem Episcopum, Scotorum Reges,
Regnum, Ritus sacros, &c., 1685.
A writer "who slew the Bishop of St. Asaph in verse."
Vide Bp. Nicolson, ubi supra.
Cunningham, James. Voyage to China, &c.; in
Phil. Trans., 1702; and in Harris's Voyages, i. 852. Con.
to Phil. Trans., 1700-03.
Cunningham, Major James. Brigade of Infantry
1804, 4to. The Tactics of the British Army, 1804, 4to.
Cunningham, John, 1729-1773, a native of Dub-
lin, an actor, gained considerable reputation as a poet.
460
CUN
CUR
Love in a Mist; a Farce, Dubl., 1747. Elegy on a Piie!
of Ruins. The Contemplatist; a Night Piece, 1762, 4to.
Fortune; an Apologue, 1765, 4to. Poems, chiefly Pas-
toral, Lon., 1766, 8vo; Edin., 1781, 12mo.
Cunningham, John. Copernican System, Lon.,
1789, 8vo.
Cunningham, Sir John, a lawyer and antiquary,
wrote notes on that part of Antonine's Itinerary which
respects Scotland. See Nicolson's Scot. Hist. Lib.
Cunningham, Capt. Joseph D. A History of the
Sikhs, Lon., 1849, 8vo.
"A more systematic history of the sect called Sikhs than we had
nitherto obtained from the many interesting sketches which have
appeared on the subject.”—Lon. Literary Güzelte.
Cunningham, Josh. Eccles. Courts in Ireland, 1834.
Cunningham, Josias. Miscell. Poems, 1764, fol.
Cunningham, Lady Margaret, a part of her Life;
edited by C. K. Sharpe, Edin., 1826. 4to. Privately printed.
Cunningham, Peter, surgeon R. N. Hints for Aus-
tralian Emigrants, Lon., 1841, p. 8vo. Two Years in New
Two Years in New
South Wales, 1828, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
"The best book of general information that has been written on
that interesting country.”—Lon. Monthly Mug,
Essays on Electricity, Lon., 1834, p. 8vo.
Cunningham, Peter, b. 1816, in Pimlico, eldest son
of Allan Cunningham, (ante,) and a son-in-law of John
Martin, the painter, became a junior-clerk in the Audit-
Office in 1834, and a chief-clerk in 1854. 1. The Life of
Drummond of Hawthornden, Lon., 1835, 12mo. 2. Songs
of England and Scotland, 1835, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. Campbell's
Spec. of the Brit. Poets, &c., 1841, r. Svo. 4. The Hand-
Book for Visitors to Westminster Abbey, 1842, fp. 8vo.
"A very complete and intelligent guide.”—Lom Spectator.
5. The Life of Inigo Jones, 1848. 6. Hand-Book of
London, 1849, 2 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1850, p. Svo.
"The extraordinary research displayed by the author gives his
work a literary charm which is a novelty in a dictionary
Chambers's Edin. Jour.
""
7. Modern London, 1851, fp. Svo; 3d ed., 1854, fp. Svo.
"It is one of the excellencies of this little volume that wherever
genius has left a footmark Mr. Cunningham's sympathies induce
him to guide us to the track.”—Lon. Quar. Rev., April, 1854.
8. The Story of Nell Gwynne, &c., 1852, p. Svo. 9. Pre-
fatory Memoir of J. M. W. Turner, prefixed to John Bur-
net's Turner and his Works, 1852, 4to. 19. The Works
of Oliver Goldsmith, 1854, 4 vols. 8vo.
"Mr. Cunningham, whose scrupulous exactness is generally
known, has furnished the first complete and accurate reprint of
Goldsmith. Numerous errors which had crept into previous edi-
tions are corrected, omitted passages are restored, and entire pieces.
have been added. . . . The new edition of the works of Goldsmith
forms part of a series of the British Classics which is undoubtedly
the best selected and edited, the cheapest and the handsomest, that
has ever issued from the press.”—Lon. Quar. Rev., Oct. 1854.
11. Johnson's Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets,
&c., 1854, 3 vols. 8vo. An excellent edition. 12. The Works
of Alexander Pope: see CROKER, RT. HON. JOHN WILSON,
D.C.L. 13. The Letters of Horace Walpole, Earl of Orford,
&c., 1857-58, 9 vols. Svo: see Athen., 1857, '58. Mr. Cunning-
ham has contributed a number of articles to Fraser's Mag..
Household Words, The Athenæum, Illust. London News, &c.
Cunningham, Timothy. Tithes, 4th ed., Lon.,
1777, 8vo. Bills of Exchange, 6th ed., 1778. Svo. Super-
seded. Merchant's Lawyer, 3d ed., 1768, 2 vols. Svo. Law
Dict., 3d ed., 1782, 'S3, 2 vols. 4to. A useful work for obso-
lete words in charters, &c., Laws resp. Game, 1764, 12mo. |
Cases in K. B.. 1766, fol. Pleadings in Actions, 1771, 4to.
Customs, &c., 3d ed., 1778, Sro. Inns of Court and Chancery,
1780, 8vo, and 1790. Rights of Election, 1783, 2 vols. 8vo.
Law of Simony, 1784, Svo. Laws and Constitution, 1763,
8vo. Lord Ward's Justices of the Peace, 1762, 2 vols. Svo.
Cunningham, Wm., M.D. Lecturer in 1565 at Sur-
geons' Hall, London. The Cosmographical Glasse, Lon.,
1559, fol. Almanack, 1566, Svo and 16mo. Comment on
Hippocrates, &c.
Cunningham, Wm., D.D. Veto Act, Edin., 1840,
8vo. Speech, 1841.
Cunninghame. Explication of Thrissel's Banner.
With a Plate of the Banner, 1640, 4to.
Cunninghame, Wm. Principles of the Constitu-
tion of Governments, with Illustrations from the Classics,
Lon., 1811, 4to; 1813, Svo.
Cunynghame, Alex. Sermon, 1770, Svo.
Cupper, Wm. Certaine Sermons, Lon., 1592, Svo.
Curate, Jacob. Scotch Presb. Eloquence, Lon.,
1692, 4to.
Curling, Thomas B., Assist. Surg. to the London
Hospital. Diseases of the Testis, &c., Lon., 1843, Svo. A
Treatise on Tetanus, 1836, Svo.
"The best monograph extant on tetanus."-Annals of Med.
Diseases of the Rectum; 2d ed., Svo.
•
Curll, Edmund, d. 1748, a London bookseller,' is
embalmed in the bitter herbs f the Dunciad. Curlisın
Displayed, Lon., 1712, 12mo. Atterburyana, 1727, 12mo.
Court Secrets, 1727, 12mo. The unfortunate bibliopole
lost his ears for publishing some licentious pieces. If the
same justice were now meted out to the craft, many pri-
cuteers would be in danger of capture.
Curll, Walter, Bishop of Winchester. Serm., Lon.,
1622, 4to; repub. in 1712, 8vo, with Some Account of
Walter, Bishop of Winchester, &c.
Curr, Edward. Van Diemen's Land, Lon., 1820,
12mo. See Articles on the Australian Colonies, and no-
tices on the above "excellent work" in the Lon. Quart.
and the Westm. Reviews.
Curr, John. The Practical Coal Viewer and Engine
Builder's Companion, 1797, 4to.
eminent
member of the Irish Bar and House of Commons, was a
Curran, John Philpot, 1750-1817, an
native of Newmarket, near Cork. He succeeded Mr.
Ponsonby as Master of the Rolls, and retired in 1814 on
a pension of £3000 per annum. "He animated every
debate with all his powers. He was copious, splendid,
full of wit, and life, and ardour." Speeches, Dubl., 1805,
Svo; 1808; new ed., with a Memoir, 1845, 8vo; do., 1847.
Life by his son, W. H. Curran, 1819, 2 vols. Svo. Letters
to Rev. H. Weston, 1819, Svo. Memoirs of, by Wm. O'Re-
gan, 1817, 8vo. Recollections of, by Charles Phillips,
1818, Svo; 4th ed., 1851, Svo.
"Certainly one of the most extraordinary pieces of biography
its representation of the famous original. The reader can hardly
ever produced. Nothing can be more lively and picturesque than
be said not to have known Curran and Curran's contemporaries.
It has been justly said of this admirable work that it is Boswell
| minus Bozzy.”—Lord BROUGHAM.
The Life of Curran, by his Son, (ut supra,) was repub
lished in New York in 1819, and again in 1855, edited by
Dr. R. Shelton Mackenzie, with considerable additions, &c.
Curray. Collection of Sentences, 1732.
Currey, C. The Four Gospels exhibited as one con-
tinued Narrative, Lon., 1834, 4to.
"An unassuming but neatly executed volume."-T. H. HORNE.
Currey, George. Hulsean Lectures, 1851, Camb.,
1851, Svo.
Currie, James, M.D., 1756-1805, a native of Dum-
friesshire, Scotland, practised medicine at Edinburgh and
Liverpool, and finally settled at Bath on account of ill
health.
health. Letter to Pitt, commercial and political, by J.
Wilson, 1793. Water in Fever, 1797, Svo; 5th ed., 1814,
2 vols. Svo. Of Tetanus; Med. Mem., iii. 147. Immer-
sion in Water; Phil. Trans., 1792. The following work
was generously undertaken for the benefit of the poet's
Life and Criticism, Liverp., 1800. 4 vols. Svo; again in
widow and children: The Works of Robert Burns, with
1814; 1820, with addit. notes by Gilbert Burns. Dr. Cur-
rie's Memoir of Burns has been incorporated with later
editions. See Burns, Robert.
me for telling you of it."-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH.
"If you have not got Currie's edition of Burns, you will thank
As a compact and regular memoir, the work is a failure. . . .
The charm lies in the perfect sincerity, fine sensibility, and easy
style of the whole composition. . . . It was a labour of love and
of charity... The good and generous Currie.”—ALLAN CUNNINGHAM.
Currie, Wm., M.D. Foxglove; Mem. Med., iv. 10,
1795. Insalubrity of Marshy Situations; Trans. Amer.
Soc., 1799.
Curry, G. G., M. D.
Curry, James, M. D.
cury, 1810, Svo. Causes of
sions. 1815, Svo.
Curry, John, M.D. Fevers, 1773; Nature of dittɔ,
1774. Hist. Review of the Civil Wars of Ireland, Lon.,
1775, 4to, anon.; 2d ed., with name, enlarged and edited
by C. O'Conor, 1786, 2 vols. 8vo.
"A valuable work by honest Curry."-THOMAS MOORE,
Hist. Mem. of the Irish Rebellion in 1641.
Tetanus; Med. Trans., 1813.
Drowning, 1792, 8vo. Mer-
the late high Price of Provi-
Curry, Thomas, and W. B. Miller. Reports of
Cases in S. Court of Louisiana, 1830-41, 19 vols., New
Orleans, 1831-41. The first 5 vols. reported by Miller,
the remaining 14 by Curry.
Curry, Otway, of Cincinnati. Poems.
Curry, Wm. Abridgt. and Cont. of Blackstone's
Commentaries. Lon., 1796, Svo; 2d ed., 1809, Svo.
*
Ably executed, and extremely useful for revision.”—Hoffman's
Leg. Stu.
Curson, Henry. Lex Customaria, 1696, Svo. Comp.
of Laws, 1699, 12mo. Sciences Illustrated, 1702, Svo.
Estates Taile, 1703, Svo. Arcana Clericalia, 1705, Svo.
Curson, John.
John. Vindication from Aspersions.
Curteis, Thomas. Essays and Sermons, 1704-31.
461
CUR
CUR
Curteis, Thomas. Serm., Maidstone, 1820, 8vo.
Curteis, W. C. Reports Ecclesiastical Courts, 1834
-44, Lon., 1840-44, 3 vols. Svo. Case of Mastin v. Escott,
1842, Avo.
Curties, Marianne. Classical Pastime, in a Set of
Poetical Enigmas on the Planets and Zodiacal Signs,
Signs,
1813, Svo.
Curties, T. J. Horseley. Novels, 1801, '02, '04, '05.
Curtin, Samuel, M.D. Observations on the Yellow
Fever of the West Indies; Med. Com., 1785.
Curtis. Dissertation on the Unreasonableness, Folly,
and Danger of Infidelity, Lon., 1725, Svo.
Curtis, Alva, M.D., b. 1797, in New Hampshire; for
twenty years editor of Physio-Medical Recorder in Cin- |
cinnati. Medical Discussions, 1833, 12mo. Lectures on
Obstetrics, 1838, Svo. Lectures on the Theory and Prac-
tice of Medicine, 1842, Svo; repub. in England, 1847.
Medical Criticisms; or, A Review of all Systems, 1856.
Curtis, Mrs. Anne, sister of Mrs. Siddons. Poems
on Miscellaneous Subjects, Lon., 1783, 12mo.
"Published, we presume, for the sake of the subscription.-which
might be necessary for the authoress. The public is very frequently
addressed in worse poetry."-Lon. Month. Rev., 1783.
Curtis, Benjamin R., b. 1809, Watertown, Mass.,
graduated at Harvard University in 1829; studied law
under Mr. Justice Story in the same institution; practised
in Boston; appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court of the United States, Sept. 1851; resigned, and
returned to the Bar, 1857. 1. Reports of Cases in the
Circuit Courts of the United States, Bost., 1854: vols. i.,
ii., 1857.
"It is almost superfluous to say that these Reports are of great
value. Next to the leading elementary treatises, and the reports
of decisions in his own State, every American lawyer most needs the
reports of the decisions of the United States Supreme Court and of
tho several associate justices thereof in their respective circuits.”
2. Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States,
with Notes and a Digest, comprising the Cases reported by
Dallas, 4 vols.; Cranch, 9 vols.; Wheaton, 12 vols.; Peters,
16 vols.; Howard, 17 vols.; Bost., 22 vols., including a
Digest. The Old Series of these Reports are in 58 volumes,
the catalogue price of which is $222. This edition is pub.
at $3 per vol.
"This work contains the decisions of the Supreme Court of the
United States. The opinions of the Court are in all cases given as
they have been printed by the authorized reporters, after correct-
ing such errors of the press or of citation as a careful examination
of the text has disclosed.
"I have endeavored to give in the head-notes the substance of
each decision. They are designed to show the points decided by
the court, not the dicta or reasonings of the judges.
"The statements of the cases have been made as brief as pos-
sible. For many years, it has been the habit of all the judges of
this court to set forth in their opinions the facts of the cases as
the court viewed them in making their decisions. Such a state-
ment, when complete, renders any other superfluous. When not
found complete, I have not attempted to restate the whole case, but
have supplied, in the report, such facts or documents as seemed to
me to be wanting.
"In some cases turning upon questions or complicated states
of fact, and not involving any matter of law, I have not thought
it necessary to encumber the work with detailed statements of
evidence which no one would find it useful to recur to. These in-
stances. however, are few.
6.
To each case is appended a note referring to all subsequent
decisions in which the case in the text has been mentioned. It
will thus be easy to ascertain whether a decision has been over-
ruled, doubted. qualified, explained, or affirmed, and to see what
other applications have been made of the sanie or analogous prin-
ciples.
The paging of the authorized reporters has been preserved at
the head of each case, and in each margin of each page, for con-
venience of reference; the reporters being designated by their
initials,-D. for Dallas, C. for Cranch, W. for Wheaton, P. for
Peters, H. for Howard.”—Extract from the Preface.
(
We approve the plan of Mr Justice Curtis's Decisions of the
Supreme Court of the United States,' and believe that its execu-
tion by him will be of much utility to the legal profession and to
our country.
"ROGER B. TANEY, Chief Justice.
"PETER V. DANIEL. Associate Justice.
"JOHN MCLEAN, Associate Justice.
"SAMUEL NELSON. Associate Justice.
"JAMES M. WAYNE, Associate Justice.
"ROBERT C. GRIER, Associate Justice.
"JOHN CATRON, Associate Justice.
"S. A. CAMPBELL, Associate Justice.”"
3. A Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of the
United States, from the Origin of the Court to the Close of
the December Term, 1854, Svo.
Curtis, Charles, M.D. Diseases of India, Edin.,
1807, Svo.
and in the H.C. of Admiralty in England, Bost., 1839, 8vo
2. A Digest of the Decisions of the Courts of Common Law
and Admiralty in the U.S.: vol. i., by T. Metcalf and J. C.
Perkins; vols. ii. and iii., by G. T. Curtis, Bost., 1840–46,
3 vols. Svo. 3. A Treatise on the Rights and Duties of
Merchant Seamen according to the General Maritime Law
and the Statutes of the U.S., Bost., 1841, 8vo; Lon., Svo.
"I think the work is written with great ability, accuracy, and
learning, and, if published, it will constitute by far the most
valuable treatise now in existence on this highly-important branch
of law, and will be worthy of extensive public patronage.”—Josepu
STORY.
This work should accompany ABBOT on Shipping, (q. v.)
4. The American Conveyancer, Bost., 1846, 12mo; new
ed., 1847.
"This work has evidently been prepared with great care.”
5. A Treatise on the Law of Copyright, &c. as adminis-
tered in Eng. and Amer., Bost., 1847, Svo; Lon., r. 8vo.
"So far as we know, there is in our language no work apou
literary property so complete and satisfactory as this treatise by
Mr. Curtis.-N. Amer. Rev.
"A full and lucid exposition of the law as it is upon the subject
in question."-Western Law Journal.
6. Treatise on the Law of Patents for Useful Inventions
in the U.S. of America, Bost., 1849, Svo.
"It is valuable not only to gentlemen of the law, but to the
originators and proprietors of useful inventions generally.”—Luw
Reporter.
7. Equity Precedents: designed as a Supplement to
illustrate and accompany Mr. Justice Story's Treatise on
Equity Pleadings: vol. i., 1850, Svo.
"We are much pleased to see a collection of really useful Equity
precedents collected and edited in the very excellent manner in
which Mr. Curtis has prepared this book.”—American Law Journal,
S. The Inventor's Manual and Guide to the Patent-
Office, Boston, 12mo.
"This is an important work for ingenious men, showing them,
when they have made a patentable invention, how a patent is to
be obtained and how to protect it from infringement. It is the
design of the book to explain the law of Patents to practical men,
and to give full directions how to obtain, renew, or extend a patent."
9. History of the Origin. Formation, and Adoption of
cipal Framers, New York, Svo: vol. i., pp. 500, pub. in
the Constitution of the U. States, with Notices of its Priu-
1855; vol. ii., pp. 653, 1858. In the preparation of this work
the Hon. Daniel Webster took a lively interest, and almost
with his dying breath urged Mr. Curtis to complete what
he had undertaken. Mr. Webster at one time
Mr. Webster at one time designed a
work of this character himself.
You have a future: I have none. You are writing a Ilistory
of the Constitution. You will write that work: I shall not. Go on,
by all means; and you shall have every aid that I can give you."
These words were spoken by Mr. Webster but a short
time before his death.
See a review of vol. i. in Norton's Literary Gazette,
New York, Jan. 1, 1855.
"Mr. Curtis writes with vigour and dignity; and his work, if the
second volume be equal to the first, will be one of permanent in-
terest."-Lon. Athenæum.
"In fulness and explicitness of detail, clearness of method, in-
partiality of statement, and the pervading spirit of reverence and
love for the Constitution and the Union, Mr. Curtis has equalled
the highest expectations of his friends and the demands of the
theme. His history must take i's place among the standard works
in its department. While it will be read with unflagging interest,
its copious index fits it to be a permanent reference-book as to the
whole ground that it covers."-N. Amer. Rev., clxxx., July, 1858.
(Review of vol. ii.)
Peculiar Jurisprudence of the Courts of the United States,
10. Commentaries on the Jurisdiction, Practice, and
Phila., 2 vols. 8vo: vol. i., 1854; vol. ii., 1858.
"Mr. Curtis's Commentaries is a work of much value. Indeed,
it could not fail to be so, coming as it does from the hands of one
so justly eminent in the Profession. I take pleasure in recom-
mending it.-although my recommendation can hardly be necessary
to attract to it the attention of the Profession."-R. B. TANEY.
"Mr. Curtis's book will be of much service, by the clear and
luminous exposition it contains of matters interesting not merely
to the lawyer, but also to the statesman and the patriot."-Law
Reporter, Nov. 1854.
Curtis, George William, born in 1824, at Provi-
dence, Rhode Island, has attained considerable celebrity
as an author. 1. Nile Notes of a Howadji, New York,
1851, 12mo, Lon., 1852.
"A brilliant book, full of vivid feeling and fancy."-LEIGH IIUNT.
"Of such a land what new thing remains for prose-poet to sing
or word-painter to draw? The answer is this little book,-the
unrhymed poem-wild, wilful. fantastic, but very beautiful-of a
wanderer from beyond the Atlantic. who has brought a fresh eyo
and heart to see the wonders of Egypt and a master-hand to re-
cord them."-Lon. Weekly News.
"We heartily congratulate American literature on this addition
to the list in which Melville, Ik Marvel, and Dr. Mayo flourish.”.
New York Albion,
Curtis, Charles. Answer to Dr. Parr, Lon., 1792, 8vo.
Curtis, George Ticknor, b. 1812, at Watertown,
Mass., an eminent legal writer of Boston. 1. A Digest of
Ca es adjudicated in the Courts of Admiralty in the U.S.gether a most captivating writer."
“Our Howadji is a gentleman of exquisite poetic taste, refined
but glowing in feeling and fancy, polished in his style, and alto-
462
CUR
CUS
2. The Howadji in Syria, New York, 1852, 12mo; Lon.,
1852. 3. Lotus Eating, a Summer Book, New York, 1852,
12mo; Lon., 1852.
"Brilliant, sketchy, and here and there philosophical.... Though
at times a little too highly coloured, yet it is gracefully written,
and will add to the fame of its Iowadji author.”—Norton's Lite-
rury Gazette.
4. The Potiphar Papers, reprinted from Putnam's (New
York) Monthly Magazine, with Illustrations by Augustus
Hoppin, New York, 1854, 12mo.
6.
To readers outside the pale of fashionable frivolity they will
be recommended by their gayety of humour no less than by their
sharp satire. As specimens of polished invective, they are rivalled
by the productions of few of our modern Juvenals."-GEORGE
RIPLEY.
5. Prue and I, N. York, 1856, 12mo. Rural Essays,
by A. J. Downing, edited by G. W. Curtis, with a Memoir
of the author. See DOWNING, A. J.
Curtis, Henry. Beauties of the Rose, pub. in num-
bers, Lon., 1851, &c., 4to.
"Curtis's Beauties of the Rose will make a splendid work.”.
Gardeners' and Land Stewards'.Journal.
Curtis, Jas. Travels in Barbary in 1801, Lon., 1803.
Curtis, John. British Entomology, Lon., 1824-40,
193 Nos., 16 vols. r. 8vo, £43 168. New issue in course
of publication.
"For elegance of design. accuracy of execution, and beauty of
drawing. this work cannot be exceeded."-Wood's Cut. of Insects.
Curtis, John H. Diseases of the Ear, Lon., 8vo;
5th ed., 1836.
"The results of his experience appear to have been particularly
favourable."-Lon. Med. and Phys. Journal.
Present State of Aural Surgery.
"The author appears well versed in its diseases."-Lon. Lancet.
Diseases of the Eye, 2d ed., 1835, Svo.
"Whoever will attend to the sensible advice given in the chap-
ter on sight and spectacles, will have reason to thank Mr. Curtis
for an unimpaired eyesight to old age."-Lon. Med. and Phys. Jour.
Essay on the Deaf and Dumb.
"Mr. Curtis is entitled to the best thanks of the public."-Lon.
Lancet.
Mr. C. has pub. other valuable works.
Curtis, R. Treatise on the Teeth, Oxf., 1769, 12mo.
Curtis, Richard, Bishop of Chichester. Sermons,
1573, '75, '76. Trans. of Cardinalis's Treat. on Rom. i. 20,
&c., 1577, Svo.
Curtis, Lt. Roger. Particulars of the Country of
Labradore. See Plril. Trans., 1774.
Curtis, Samuel. A Monograph on the Genus Ca-
mellia, Lon., 1822, large fol. £3 38., col'd, £6 168. 6d. The
plates are from nature, by Clara Maria Pope. In conjunc-
tion with Sir W. J. Hooker, Mr. Curtis superintended the
New Series of the Botanical Magazine.
Curtis, Thomas. The Existing Monopoly, &c. Aut.
Vers. of the Scriptures, Lon., 1833, Svo. See Horne's In-
troduction to the Scriptures.
Curtis, William, 1746–1799, a native of Alton,
Hampshire, had botanical gardens successively at Ber-
mondsey, Lambeth, Marsh, and Brompton. 1. Collecting
Insects, &c., 1771, Svo. 2. Fundamenta Entomologiæ;
trans. from Linnæus, with addits., Lon., 1772, 4to. 3. Flora
Londinensis, Lon., 1774, &c., fol., revised and improved,
by George Graves, extended and continued by Sir W. J.
Hooker, Lon., 1835, 5 vols. r. fol., (109 parts,) 647 plates.
This splendid work, pub. at £87 48., has been offered within
the last few years for £25 to £30.
"This is to the present hour. the only extensive work on the
Indigenous Botany of this country, which gives well-coloured
presentations of the plants in THEIR FULL NATURAL SIZE. . . . This
important work is now brought to a close, and may justly boast
of unrivalled excellence, undiminished splendour, and unabated
accuracy."-Lon. Monthly Review.
The three grandest Indigenous Floras ever published
published
are The Flora Londinensis, The Flora Danica, and Sib-
thorp's Flora Græca.
4. The Brown Tail Moth, 1782, 4to. 5. Cat. of Plants
in the Lon. Botan. Garden, 1784, 12mo. 6. Comp. to the
Botan. Mag., 178S, Svo. 7. Lectures on Botany, arranged
by Saml. Curtis, 1803, '04, 2 vols. Svo. S. Practical Ob-
servations on the British Grasses, 1790, Svo; several edits.,
1812, Svo.
to 1842, containing nearly 4000 plates, accurately drawn
and coloured after nature, subscription-price upwards of
one hundred guineas, can be purchased for £35 to £45, ac-
cording to binding and condition.
Curtis, Wm. Observ. on the New Corn Bill, 1804, 8vo.
Curtiss, N. M., author of Byron Blonday, Haunted
Chief, Prairie-Guide, Maid of Saranac, and numerous other
I ovelettes.
Curtois, John. Serms., 1684, '85. Essay, 1679.
Curwen, B. Proceed. against Sir F. Burdett, 1810, 8vo.
Curwen, John C., M.P. Speeches, 1797, 1809,
Hints on Feeding Stock and Bettering the Condition of
the Poor, Lon., 1809, 8vo.
Observations on the State of Ireland, principally directed
to its Agriculture and Rural Population, Lon., 1818, 2
vols. 8vo.
"A very useful volume. . . . No subsequent work has over-
done the merits of the book in the small compass it contains.
The portraits are true in the likeness and correct in the execu-
tion."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
"The reflections of a man of good sense, good feelings, liberal
sentiments, and comprehensive views.”—Lon. Monthly Recían.
Curzon, Fre. Lays and Legends of the West, Lon.,
1846, 12mo.
Curzon, Hon. Robert, Jr. Visits to the Monaste-
ries of the Levant, Lon., 1849, p. 8vo, with 20 wood-cuts.
↓↓
We hazard little in prophesying that Mr. Curzon's work will
be more popular than any other recent set of Oriental descriptions,
except Mr. Kinglake's.”—Lon.Quart. Reci w, lxxxiv. 461, et v. lxxvii.
52. el Dibdin'e Literary Reminiscences. 941.
Most agreeable writing, replete with information on most inte-
resting points.' — Lon. Times.
.6
Unusually picturesque and lively.”—Lon. Athenæum.
Cushing, Mrs., a sister of Mrs. HARRIET V. CHENEY,
(q. v.,) now (1855) resides at Montreal, Canada, and edits
The Literary Garland. She has pub. several juvenile
works and some poems. Esther, a Dramatic Poem, is com-
mended by Mrs. Hale as "a work of deep interest." The
Sunday School, or Village Sketches, is the joint produc-
tion of the sisters, now Mrs. Cushing and Mrs. Cheney.
The Coquette, or the History of Eliza Wharton, written
by the mother of these ladies, (Mrs. Hannah Foster,) and
previously noticed by us as one of the earliest American
novels, was republished in 1855. See FOSTER, HANNAH.
Cushing, Abel. Historical Letters on the First
Charter of Massachusetts Government, Bost.. 1839, 18mo.
Cushing, Hon. Caleb, b. 1800, at Salisbury, Mass.,
graduated at Harvard College at the age of 17: tutor
at Harvard Coll., 1819-21. He was a general in the late
Mexican War, has occupied several public posts in his na-
tive State, and been Representative in Congress, Attorney-
General of U. States, &c. History and Present State of the
Town of Newburyport, Mass., Newburyport, 1826, 12mo.
“Valuable, not for its local information only, but for its gene-
ral relation to the history of Massachusetts."-North American
Review, xxiv. 252.
Review of the Late Revolution in France, 1833, 12mo.
Reminiscences of Spain, N. York, 1833, 12mo.
A work which will be read with great pleasure, and which
holds out a high promise of future excellence. The best parts are,
we think, the descriptions of places and persons: the least suc
merit. They are mostly translations from the Spanish, and exhi-
cessful are the poems, which are yet not without considerable
bit in some instances a remarkable facility of versification. The
tales are very interesting."-ALEXANDER È. EVERETT: N. Amer.
Rev., xxxvii. 84-104.
Growth and Territorial Progress of the U. States, Spring-
field, 1839, Svo. Life and Public Services of Wm. Henry
Harrison, Bost.. 1840, 18mo.
Cushing, Mrs. Caleb. Letters Descriptive of Public
Monuments, Scenery, and Manners in France and Spain;
reprinted for private distribution, Newburyport, 1832, 2 vols.
to Europe, and the volumes above noticed contain letters
12mo. Mrs. Cushing accompanied her husband (v. ante)
to her friends whilst absent. See very interesting extracts
in the N. Amer. Rev., xxxvii. 104–117, (by Alex. H. Everett.)
M
This accomplished lady, as is sufficiently evident from these
volumes, was equally well fitted to shine in the higher sphere of
letters, and to grace the private walks of social and domestic life."
Cushing, Jacob, D.D., of Waltham, Massachusetts,
died 1809, aged 78. Serms., 1766, 71, 72, '78, '93, '96.
Cushing, John. The Exotic Gardener, 1812, 8vo.
Cushing, Luther Stearns, 1803-1855, Worcester
co., Mass., a distinguished Law Writer and Judge. Treatise
on the Trustee Process, or Foreign Attachment, Svo, 1833.
Insolvent Laws of Mass., 12mo, 1839. Supp. to Revised
Statutes of Mass., Svo, 1854. Reports of Controverted
Election in Mass., Svo, 1852. Proceedings and Debates in
the House of Rep. previous to the election of Speaker in
Jan. 1843, Svo. Pothier on Contracts, translated by Cush-
ing, Svo, 1839. Civil Laws in their natural order, by
Domat, edited by Cushing, 2 vols. Svo, 1850. Rules of
Proceedings and Debates in Deliberative Assemblies,
Some of Mr. C.'s papers will be found in Trans. Linn.
Soc., 1791, 1802.
To him we are indebted for the origination of the Bota-
nical Magazine, commenced in 1787; new series, edited
by Samuel Curtis and Sir W. J. Hooker. Complete sets of
this work, lacking the last few years, which can be readily | 18mo, 1854.
supplied, can be had in London. The volumes from 1787
This is the standard text-book for Legislative Bodies of the U.S."
¡
103
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C. J. A. Mittermaier on the Effect of. Drunkenness on
Criminal Responsibility, from the German, by Cushing,
Svo, 1841. Savigny's Analysis of the Law of Possession,
from the French, by Cushing, Svo, 1838. A. C. Renouard's
Theory of the Rights of Authors, from the French, Svo,
1839. Remedial Law, Svo, 1837. Introd. to the Study of
Roman Law, 12mo, 1854. Rep. of the Supreme Judicial
Court of Mass. from 1848, 8 vols. Law and Practice of
S
Legislative Assemblies in U. S., 1855. One of the leading
editors of the later vols. of the Jurist and Law Magazine.
"The accurate translation of Pothier on the Contract of Sale by
so good a writer as Mr. Cushing, is a valuable service alike to the
profession and general reader.”—N. Amer. Rev., xlviii. 553.
"Considering the age and circumstances in which it was written,
It is a truly wonderful performance. His method is excellent, and
his matter clear, exact, and comprehensive."-JUDGE STORY: Pref.
to Builments.
Cushman, Robert, died 1626. The Sin and Dan-
ger of Self-Love, Lon., 1622; Boston, 1724; Plymouth,
with memoir of Cushman, by John Davis, 1785. See an
account of this energetic layman in Belknap's Amer. Biog.,
et v. N. A. Review.
Custance, George. View of the Constitution of
England, 1808, Svo; 3d ed., 1815. Drawn from Black-
stone, Christian, De Lolme, and others. Reformation and
Fund. Doctrines of the Ch. of England, 1813, 8vo.
Cutbush, Jas., d. 1823. Philos. of Experimental Che-
mistry, 1813, 2 vols. Treat. on Pyrotechny, Phila., 1825, Svo.
Cuthbert, died about 678, a disciple of Bede, wrote a
letter to Cuthwine, giving an account of the death of their
master. This letter will be found in Bede's works, &c.:
see Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Cuthbert of Canterbury, died 758, succeeded Not-
Lalm in the see of Canterbury, about 740. He wrote some
metrical compositions, which are not considered as indica-
tive of remarkable poetical genius.-Ubi supra.
Cuthbert, R. Theory of Tides, Quebec, Lon., 1811,8vo.
Cuthbertson, John. Electricity and Galvanism,
Lon., 1807, Svo. Other works, and con. to Nic. Jour.,
1798-1810.
Cuthbertson, Jona. Distance-Measure, 1792, 8vo.
Cutler, Benjamin Clarke, D.D., b. at Roxbury,
Mass., graduated at Brown Univ., 1822; received the de-
gree of D.D. from Columbia College, N. York, 1836; was
called to the Rectorship of St. Anne's Church, Brooklyn,
1833, and still continues rector, (1858.) 1. Century Sermon,
Christ Church, Quincy, Mass., 1826. 2. Sermon, N. York
City Mission, 1832. 3. Thanksgiving Sermon, 1835. 4.
Sermon on National Independence, 1840. 5. Sermon on
the death of Albert W. Duy, 1846. 6. Sermon on the
death of Rev. F. C. Clements, 1853. 7. Parochial Ser-
mons, 21 in number, Phila., 1857, 12mo.
Other sermons,
discourses, tracts, &c.
Cutler, Rev. Manasseh, died 1823, aged 80. Cen-
tury Discourse, 1815. American Plants, in Mem. Amer.
Acad.
Cutler, Nath. Coasting Pilot, Lon., 1728, fol. This
composes the second part of the Atlantis Maritimi.
Cutler, Thomas, M.D. Surgeon's Practical Guide
in Bandages, Lon., 1836, f. 8vo.
"This appears to be a valuable little treatise.”—Lon. Med. Goz.
Popular Surgery from the French of Mayor, with addits.,
1846, 12mo.
Cutler, Timothy, D.D., 1683-1765, Pres. of Yale
College, 1719-22, a man of profound learning. Sermons,
1717, 57. See Holmes's Life of Stiles, 387, and Annals,
ii. 143.
Cutlore, Joseph. Serm. about Swearing; on Exod.
xx. 7, 1682, 4to. An excellent subject. The profane
swearer should be driven out of the society of honest men,
Serm. on Rom. xii. 10, 1682, 4to.
Cutspear, W. Dramatic Rights, Lon., 1802, Svo.
First Lessons in Anatomy, &c., N. York, 12mo. Anatomy,
Cutter, C., M.D., a popular lecturer on Physiology.
Physiology, and Hygiene, 12mo.
Physiology, and Hygiene, 12mo. Anatomical Plates (10)
for schools.
Cutter, Capt. George W. Buena Vista, and other
Poems, Cincinnati, 1848, 12mo. Song of Steam, and other
Poems, with a Portrait, Cincinnati, 12mo. Poems, Na-
tional and Patriotic, Phila., 1857, Svo.
"The finest of his compositions is The Song of Steam, which is
worthy of the praise it has received, of being one of the best lyrics
of the century. The Song of Lightning, written more recently, is
perhaps next to it in merit."-Griswold's Poets and Poetry of Ame
rica, q. v.
Cutter, Wm., b. 1801, in Maine, graduated at Bow.
doin Coll., 1821, historian and poet. Life of Putnam; of
La Fayette. Anonymous author of some 12 vols. Con-
tributor of poetry and miscellaneous matter to various
leading journals.
Cutting, John H., M.D. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans.,
1811.
Cutts, Rev. Edward L. A Manual for the study
of the Sepulchral Slabs and Crosses of the Middle Ages,
Lon., 1849, Svo.
Cutts, Lord John, died 1707, was a distinguished
officer in the wars of William III. Addison, in a Latin
poem, applauds the bravery of Lord Cutts at the siege of
Buda, 1686. His lordship was author of a Poem on the
Death of Queen Mary, and Poet. Exercises, Lon., 1687, Svo.
Cutts, John. Rebellion Defeated, or the Fall of Des-
mond; a Tragedy, 1745, 4to; Reed, 7925, £2 12s. 6d.
Cutwode, T. Caltha Poetarum, or the Bumble Bee,
Lon., 1599, sm. Svo.
"Stay'd at the press, by order of the Abp. of Canterbury and
Bp. of London, and such copy's as could be found, or were already
taken, were to bee presentlye broughte to the Bp. of London to
be burnte,' and 'noe satyres or epigrams [to] be printed hereafter.'"
See Steevens, Sale 1040.
This rare piece was reprinted in 1815, 4to, by Richard
Heber, Esq., for the Roxburghe Club, 32 copies taken.
Sir M. M. Sykes, 1618, £2 38.; Boswell, 3026. £4; Dent,
pt. 2, 1193, £2. See Dibdin's Literary Reminiscences;
Lowndes's Bibl. Manual.
Cuyler, Rev. C. C. The Signs of the Times, Phila.,
12mo.
Cuyler, Rev. Theodore Ledyard, born 1822, in
New York. Stray Arrows, New York, 18mo. Contributor
to several periodicals.
Cynewulf, Kenulf, Kenulfus, or Chenulfus,
who died 1008, was made Abbot of Peterborough about
992, according to Hugo Candidus, the historian of Peter-
borough. He is supposed to have been the author of some
religious poems in the collection of Anglo-Saxon poems
in the Exeter and Vercelli MSS. Mr. Kemble discovered
the name concealed under a playful device. Whether Mr.
Kemble's Cynewulf be the Abbot of Peterborough or not,
is a question involved in some obscurity.
D.
Dabney, J. P. Annotations on the Bible, New York, |
12mo. An edit. of The New Testament, by William Tyn-
dale, the Martyr, Andover and New York, 1837, 8vo.
The Anglo-American edition is edited with much industry and
taste by the Rev. J. P. Dabney. It contains first a reprint of the
London edition just noticed, [pub. in 1836;] secondly, the essential
grown before his classical education began, but he made
very rapid proficiency, and attained a rare familiarity with
the best Latin and Greek authors, as well as with Italian
and English literature. At the burning of the Richmond
Theatre in 1811, when 70 persons perished, he escaped
barely with his life, suffering from burns and bruises, which
variations of Coverdale's, Matthew's, Cranmer's, the Genevan, and
Bishops' Bibles as marginal readings, thus presenting a complete permanently shattered his constitution. In 1812 he pub
variorum edition of the vernacular versions; and thirdly, a pre-lished a small volume of Poems and Translations, of which
face, and an interesting memoir of the martyr Tindale, recast from a second edition much improved appeared in 1815, pub-
the memoir compiled by the London editor, a list of Tyndale's lished by Mathew Carey, bookseller and publisher, of
tions of the first and second editions of Tyndale, and a tabular list Philadelphia. The translations, some of them spirited
of the more common distinctive expressions used by him." See and elegant, were from the Greek of Alcæus, Euripides,
Horne's Bibl. Bib.; Biblical Repository, x. 496.
Sappho, Tyrtæus, and several minor poets in Dalzell's Col-
Dabney, Richard, a poet and scholar, born in Louisa lectanen Græca, the Latin of Martial and Seneca, and the
county, Virginia, about 1786, of an ancient family, "known Italian of Petrarch, Carlo Fugoni, and others. He early
in early times in England by the name of Daubeney, and fell into habits of intemperance, which, co-operating with
in France by that of D'Aubigné. Richard was nearly his injuries received at the burning theatre, made him
an account of the vernacular select colla-
461
?
1
DAB
|
suffer in 1825 a death of great bodily pain, embittered by
disappointment, and the consciousness of uncommon powers
almost uselessly spent.'
""
Daborne, Robert.
Tragedy, Lon., 1612, 4to.
Tragi-Comedy, 1655, 4to.
|
A Christian turn'd Turke; a
The Poor Man's Comfort; a
Serm. on Zach. xi. 7, 1618, 8vo.
Da Costa, Emanuel Mendez, foreign secretary to
the Royal Society, d. about 1788. Nat. Hist. of Fossils,
Lon., 1757, 4to. Trans. of Cronstedt's Mineralogy, 1770,
8vo. Conchology, 1776, 8vo. Hist. Nat. Testaceorum
Britanniæ; in Eng. and French, 1778, 4to. Con. to Phil.
Trans. on Fossils, &c., 1747, '53, '57, '59, '62.
"A Gentleman well skilled in Philosophical learning and Natu-
ral Knowledge, particularly in what relates to the Mineral and
Fossil Parts of the Creation; one exceedingly diligent in his En-
quiries; and who, by applying himself with great assiduity to the
study of Natural History, is likely to be a useful Member of the
Royal Society, and a zealous Promoter of Natural Knowledge, for
the advancement of which the same was founded.”
Dacre, Lady, has acquired considerable celebrity as
a novelist. The Recollections of a Chaperon, Lon., 1833,
3 vols. p. 8vo. In 1834 appeared Trevelyan, 3 vols. p. Svo.
This novel, pub. anonymously, was ascribed both to Lady
Scott and Lady Dacre, and declared superior to any pro-
duction of a female pen since the publication of Miss
Edgeworth's Vivian. Peerage and Peasantry, 3 vols. p. Svo.
“We are very anxious to recommend these tales to our readers;
and the best proof of the opinion we have formed of them is to be
found in this. that, with this anxiety, we have coupled them with
the Tales of Woman's Trials [by Mrs. S. C. Hall. They will not
Jose-perhaps they may gain by the comparison.”—Dublin Univ.
Mug.. vii. 213.
Dacre, Rev. B. Testimonies in favour of Salt as a
Testimonies in favour of Salt as a
Manure, Manches., 1834, Svo, pp. 288.
"It failed to lead to any use of the mineral in that way."-Do-
naldson's Agricult. Bieg.
Thus complimentary was the certificate recommending
Da Costa to a membership of the Royal Society. It was
signed by the Duke of Montagu, Martin Folkes, Bryan
Fairfax, Henry Baker, Dr. James Parsons, Peter Collinson,
and James Theobald. Much interesting matter relative to
Da Costa will be found in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes,
and an account of his family, compiled from his own notes,
may be seen in Gent. Mag., lxxxiii. 21.
Da Costa, J. Fr., Eng., and Span. Grammar, Lon.,
1752, 8vo. Alexandri Pope de Homine, Jacobi Thomson
et Thomæ Gray, Selecta Carmina ex Britannica, in Latinam
Linguam translata, Padoun, 1776, 4to.
Da Costa, J., M.D. Trans. from the German of Köl-ral
liker's Anatomy of the Human Body, Phila., 1855, 8vo.
Dacre, Charlotte, or Mrs. Byrne, who sometimes
published under the name of "Rosa Matilda," gave several
novels and poems to the world. Confessions of the Nun
at St. Omer's, 1805, 3 vols. Hours of Solitude: Poems,
1805, 2 vols. 8vo. She also pub. Zofloya; The Libertine;
and The Passions.
Dacres, William. Elements of Water Drawing, Lon.,
1660, 4to.
Dadd, George H., M.D., b. 1813, England, settled
in U. S., 1839, Veterinary Surgeon. Outlines of Anatomy
and Physiology of the Horse, Svo. pp. 306. Amer. Cattle
Doctor, 8vo, pp. 359. Modern Horse Doctor, 1854, Svo,
pp. 432.
“A very valuable work for those who have the care of horses.”
Manual of Veterinary Science, Sro. pp. 500, 1855. Ed.
Am. Veterinary Journal, Svo, pp. 384.
Dade, John. Almanacks, 1558, 1607. &c.
Dade, Wm. Almanacks, 1624, &c. John and Wm.
Dade seem to have pub. almanacks "for the greater part
of the 17th century.”
DAL
Daguilar, Miss Rose. Gortz of Berlichingen; a
Hist. Dram. from the German of Goëthe, 1799.
Dahme. Sermons, 1755, '58, 8vo.
Daking, Wm., D.D. Trans. of the Hist. of Catherine,
Empress of Russia, 1798, 2 vols. 8vo. Serms., 1801, '03,
'06, '07, '08, '10.
Dakins, Wm., d. 1607, one of the translators of the
Bible, temp. James I., had assigned to him the Epistles of
St. Paul and the canonical Epistles.
Dade, Wm., d. 1790. Proposals for the History and
Antiquity of Holderness, Yorkshire, 1783.
Dadby, Joseph. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1740, Svo.
Dafforne, Richard. Merchant's Mirror, Lon., 1635.
Subsequently annexed to Gerard Malyne's Consuetudo vel
Lex Mercatoria. The Apprentice's Time Entertainer Ac-
comptantly, 1669, 4to.
Dagge, Henry. Considerations on the Criminal Law,
Lon., 1772, 8vo; 2d ed., 1774, 3 vols. 12mo. A valuable
work.
Dalbiac, Major James Charles. A Military Cate-
chism for the use of young officers, 1806. See McCulloch's
Lit. of Polit. Economy, p. 80.
Dalby, Isaac, 1744-1824. Course of Mathematics,
Lon., 1805, &c., 2 vols. 8vo. Other mathematical works.
Dalby, Joseph. The Virtues of Cinnabar and Musk
against the Bite of a Mad Dog, Birm., 1764, 4to.
Dalcho, Frederick, 1769-1836, b. in London; came
to the U. States while a lad; was a physician in Charleston,
S.C., 1800, and became an Episcopal minister there in 1819.
1. Evidence of the Divinity of Our Saviour. 1820. 2. His-
torical Account of the Protestant Episcopal Church in South
Carolina, Charleston, 1820. Svo. 3. Ahiman Rezon; for
the Use of Freemasons, 1822, 8vo.
Dale, John. Analysis of the Epistles N. T., Oxf.,
1652, 12mo.
Dale, M. Value of Annuities, Lon.. 1777, 8vo.
Dale, Robert. Cat. of the Nobility, &c. of England,
1679, 8vo.
Dale, Samuel, M.D., 1659–1739. Pharmacologia seu
manuductio ad Materiam Medicam, Lon., 1693, Evo; seve-
edits. much improved, 1737, 4to. Pub. at Leyden,
1739, '51, 4to.
"The whole consists almost entirely of Names and Synonymes,
with a very brief account of the powers of each medicine."-Dr.
WATT.
**
Scarcely in any author is there a more copious collection of
synonyms."-Dr. PULTENEY.
Hist. and Antiq. of Harwick and Dover Court, with an
Appendix first collected by Silas Taylor, alias Dornville,
and now much enlarged, Lon., 1730, 4to; 2d edit., 1732, 4to.
“That part of this work which regards natural history is so co
pious and accurate as to render the book a real acquisition to
science." See Pulteney's Sketches of Botany.
Dale contributed several papers to Phil. Trans.
Dale, Thomas. De Pareira Brava et Seraphia Off.,
Lugd. Bat., 1723, 4to.
Dale, Thomas. Trans. of Reynault's Entretiens
Physiques, Lon., 1731, 3 vols. Svo.
Dale, Thomas, b. 1797, London, Canon-Residentiary
of St. Paul's, and Vicar of St. Pancras. Widow of Nain,
1818. Domestic Liturgy and Family Chaplain, 1846, p. 8vo.
"A valuable substitute for the more effective practice of com-
munion when circumstances occur to interrupt or prevent attend-
ance at public worship."-Lon. Lit. Gaz.
Sabbath Companion: 2 Series, 1844, &c.
They are full of truth and beauty; and so may God speed
them!"Ch. of England Quar. Review.
Translation of Sophocles, 1824. Sermons at Cambridge.
1832, 35, 36, 3 vols. Svo. Sermons at St. Bride's, Lon-
don, 1830, Svo. The Good Shepherd, 1845. Golden Psalm,
1847. Sermons at Denmark Hill, Svo.
"Dale's Discourses produce an overwhelming effect upon his
audiences, spoken as they are in the author's calm, solenin man-
ner.”—Presbyt. Review, Sept. 1836.
Poetical Works; new ed., 1842, sm. Svo.
Dalechamp, Caleb. Vindicia Salamonis; sive de
ejus lapsu statuque æterno, Lon., 1622, 4to. Exercita-
tiones, 1624, 4to. Harrisonus honoratus, Cantab., 1632,
Svo. Hospitality: on Rom. xii. 13, 1632, 4to.
Dales, Major Saml. An Essay on the Study of the
History of England, Lon., 1809, Svo.
Dalgarno, George, 1627-1687, a native of Old Aber-
deen, was noted for his learning. Ars Signorum, vulgo
Character universalis et Lingua philosophica,Lon.,1661,8vo.
**
His treatise was enlarged upon by Bishop Wilkins, in
his Essay towards a real Character and a Philosophical
Language; with an Alphabetical Dictionary, 1668, fol.
Dalgarno wrote also Didascolocophus, or the Deaf and
Dumb Man's Tutor, Oxf., 1680, Sro.
Dalgleish, John. Sermons, Edin.. 1711, 4to.
Dalgleish, Wm., D.D. Serms., Edin., 1786, '99, 4
vols. Svo.
Dagge, Jonathan. Serms., 1703, '09, &c.
Dagge, Robert. Proteus; or the Jesuit detected,
1746, 8vo.
Daggett, Naphtali, D.D., Pres. of Yale College, d.
1790. Serms., 1767, '70, '73.
Dalhusius, J. H. Theolog. and other works, Lon.
and Edin., 1689. '91.
Dagleish, Wm., D.D. See DALGLEISH.
Dagley, Richard. Gems, principally from the
tique, with Illustrations. Part 1, Lon., 1804, 4to. New
ed., 1822, p. Svo, with Illustrations in Verse, by the Rev. and pub. with Benloe's, by John Rowe, and others had ap
Geo. Croly. Death's Doings; Prose and Verse, 1826, Svo. | peared in Ashe and Keilwey.
Dalison, Dallison, or Dallizon, Gulielme.
Cases. Reports, &c., Lon., 1609, 12mo. Reports des divers
An-Cases adjugez en la Court del Common Bank en les Regnes
Mar. et Eliz., 1689, fol. Dalison's Reports were collected
30
465
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DAL
'Of Dalison little is known, and his Reports long since ranked
ainung the antiquities of the Law, and are now almost obsolete and
valueless."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.. q. v.; also Bridg. Leg. Bibl., 192;
Winch's Rep., B; and Wallace's Reporters, 14.
Dallam, James W. Laws of Texas, Balt., 1845, Sro.
Dallas, Alexander James, 1759-1817, third son
of Robert Charles Dallas, was a native of Jamaica, to which
island his father, an eminent physician, had emigrated
from Scotland about the middle of the 18th century. Upon
his father's return to Scotland, Alexander was placed at an
academy in the neighbourhood of London, under the care
of James Elphinston, a familiar name to the readers of
Boswell's Johnson. With the great lexicographer, and the
equally famed philosopher-Dr. Franklin-young Dallas
liecame acquainted whilst still a student. In 1780 he was
garried to Arabella Maria Smith, a daughter of Major
George Smith, of the British Army. In 1781, after the
death of his father, Mr. Dallas sailed for Jamaica, and had
resided in that island for two years when he determined to
emigrate to the United States. He arrived at the city of
New York in 1783, and proceeding to Philadelphia, took
the oath of allegiance to the Commonwealth of Pennsyl-
vania the 10th day after his first landing on the shores of
the United States. In 1785 he was admitted to the Bar of
the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and in four or five
years became a practitioner in the Courts of the United
States. It has been mentioned as a striking proof of his
industry and zeal in his legal pursuits, that
Within five years after his admission to the bar, he collected
and prepared for publication a. volume of cases, many of which
were decided before the Revolution: a service to the profession,
and, we may say, to the law itself at that time, which we, at this
day, can scarcely appreciate."
See National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Ameri-
cans, Phila., 1853, (article GEORGE MIFFLIN DALLAS,) to
which we acknowledge our obligations.
In 1791 Mr. Dallas was appointed Secretary to the Com-
inonwealth of Pennsylvania, and upon the election of Mr.
Jefferson to the Presidency, he became Attorney of the
United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
He continued in this office urtil October, 1814, when he
was appointed Secretary of tho Treasury of the United
States. In 1815 "he undertook the additional trust of
Secretary of War, and performed with success the delicate
task of reducing the army of the United States."
In November, 1816, the country being at peace, its
finances arranged, and the machinery of government un-
disturbed by any of the obstructions which had so long
retarded the harmonious action of its various functions, Mr.
Dallas felt that he had a right to claim for his declining
years a measure of that repose which he had long post-
poned to the pressing exigencies of his adopted country.
He therefore resigned his official trusts, and returned to the
practice of the law in Philadelphia. But the pressing re-
sponsibilities which had so long tasked his mental and
bodily powers had doubtless affected his constitution, and
he fell an easy victim to an attack of gout in the stomach
-the result of exposure to the cold when engaged in an
important suit-in about two months after his return to
private life. America will ever have reason to cherish with
affectionate reverence the memory of the name and services
of Alexander James Dallas.
States and of Pennsylvania, from the year 1781 to Decem
ber Term, 1806; Phila., 1830, 4 vols. r. Svo.
As a man of letters-equally conversant with the refine-
ments of elegant literature, and the graver studies incident
to his professional duties-Mr. Dallas enjoyed great repu-
tation. His contributions to the periodical literature of
the day were numerous, and we have the testimony that
"His essays will bear a comparison with those of his contempo-
raries; and this is no small praise, for Franklin, Rush, and
kinson were of the number."
With the exception of Kirby's, these are the eldest Re-
ports in the United States. In many of the cases the re-
porter was engaged as counsel. Of the value of these
Reports we have the following testimony from an eminent
authority:
"They do credit to the Court, the Bar, and the Reporter; they
show readiness in practice, liberality in principle, strong reason,
and legal learning; the method, too, is clear, and the language
plain."-LORD MANSFIELD,
Peak's Evid. by Randall, Pref.; 1 Com. Rep. Pref., 28:
5 Month. Auth., 156; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 249.
6. Exposition of the Causes and Character of the late
War, 1815. The author's son, Hon. George Mifflin Dallas,
proposed in 1817 to publish a collective edition of his
father's works in 3 vols. Among his papers were some
unfinished sketches of a history of Pennsylvania, which,
if completed, would, from the author's familiarity with the
topic and literary ability, have proved a valuable record
of a most interesting portion of the annals of the infant
republic.
•
Dallas, Rev. Alexander Robert Charles, one of
the most exemplary and distinguished of the clergy of the
Church of England, is a son of Robert Charles Dallas, Esq.,
(the friend and connexion of Lord Byron,) whose literary
labours we shall have occasion to chronicle hereafter. The
subject of this notice served for many years as an officer
in the English army, and was at every engagement at which
the Duke of Wellington was present, throughout the Pen-
insular War. He was at the battle of Waterloo, also, as
was his cousin and brother-in-law, Mr. (now the Rev.)
Charles Dallas, who was badly wounded on that perilous
day. After returning to England, Charles Dallas, under
the promptings of religious duty, determined to assume
holy orders, and his example and friendly counsel induced
A. R. C. Dallas to embrace the same sacred calling. The
exemplary piety and unwearied zeal in well-doing of these
devoted soldiers of the cross, are well known to the world.
A. R. C. Dallas for several years laboured with great suc-
cess in the work of missions in Ireland. For the following
account of this enterprise, we are indebted to the Hon.
Judge Kelley, of Philadelphia, who recently spent some
days in the hospitable mansion of the Rev. Mr. Dallas.
Mr. D. is a first-cousin of our distinguished townsman,
George Mifflin Dallas, of Philadelphia, late Vice-President
of the United States.
|
“Mr. Dallas has undoubtedly been the chief agent and supporter
of the missionary work in the west of Ireland. Ilis first efforts in
and have exhibited in a peculiar combination the devotion of the
this field were in 1844, since when they have been unremitting,
Christian with the activity and discipline of the soldier. His first
effort was to establish an efficient body of colporteurs: this accom-
plished, he obtained the name and post-office of every farmer
throughout the region in which his labours have since been so
efficient. In January, 1845, each of the persons whose addresses
were thus obtained, 25,000 in number, received copies of the first
of a numerous series of powerful pamphlets. The first, I believe,
was entitled 'A Voice from Heaven to Ireland. Since then Mr.
Dallas, though faithful to his charge at Wonston, and meeting with
great frequency the committees connected with the mission at
Exeter Hall has passed a portion of each year in Connaught, and
is personally known and loved by thousands of its inhabitants.
In 1847 he assisted in founding the Connemara Orphan House,
which was first filled with those whose parents were swept from
them by the famine and cholera of 1846. Some idea inay be formed
of the extent and blessed results of these labours, from the fact
August, 1852, the entire congregations of which had but a short
that 9 churches were consecrated by the Archbishop of Tuam in
period before been attached to the church of Rome."
Mr. Dallas is the author of many excellent works, the
beneficial influence of which upon the public mind of Great
Hop-Britain it would be difficult to exaggerate. We annex a
list: 1. Practical Serms. on the Lord's Prayer, Lon., 1823,
12mo.
"Many useful practical hints."-Bickersteth's Christian Student.
3. Curate's Offering; Village Serms., 12mo. 4. Intro-
He was for some time editor of The Columbian Magazine.
Ile published, 1. Features of Jay's Trenty, 1795. 2. Speeches
on the trial of Blount, and the impeachment of the Judges.
3. The Laws of Pennsylvania from Oct. 14, 1700, to Dec.
1, 1801; with Notes Republished under the authority of
the Legislature, 4 vols. fol., 1797-1801. 4. Address to the
Society of Constitutional Republicans, 1805. 5. Reports
of Cases in the Courts of the United States and Pennsyl-
vania, before and since the Revolution, 4 vols. 8vo, 1790-duc. to Prophet. Researches, 12mo. 5. Lent Lectures on
1807. Vol. i. contains Cases adjudged in the Courts of Christ's Temptation, 18mo. 6. Ministerial Responsibility,
Pennsylvania, namely, the Common Pleas, Supreme Court, 12mo. 7. Miracles of Christ, 18mo. 8. Parables of Christ,
and the High Court of Errors and Appeals, before and since 18mo. 9. Realizing; the Strength of an Effectual Minis-
the Revolution to 1789; with an Appendix, containing the try, 18mo. 10. Rise, Progress, and Prospects of Roman-
Cases of the Court of Chancery in Pennsylvania; 3d edit, ism, Svo. 11. Scriptural View of the Position of the Jews,
with addits. and copious Notes by Thomas I. Wharton. 12mo. 12. Serms. to Country Congregations. 13. Chris-
|
Vol. iv. has recently been reprinted, with Notes and Re- tian Mission at Castlekerke, 1849, 12mo. 14. Look to Jeru-
ferences by Benjamin Gerhard, Esq. Vols. ii., iii., and iv. | salem; or the Position of the Jews, 5th ed., 1853, 12mo.
coutain Cases adjudged in the several Courts of the United | 15. Missionary Crisis in the Church of England, 1842, 12mo.
|
466
"The great recommendation of Mr. Dallas's Sermons is their
plainness and simplicity: the style is easy and elegant. and with
all its plainness never degenerates into homeliness.”—Lon. Chris-
tian Remembrancer.
2. Pastoral Superintendence, its motive, detail, and sup-
port, 1841, Svo.
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6. Pastor's Assistant, 3 vols. in 1, 1842, 12mo. 17. Cot- the habit of returning visits to those of inferior rank t
tager's Guide to the New Testament, 6 vols., 1839-45, 12mo; their own, and that it was his place to visit his lordship.
18. To the Acts of the Apostles, 1847, 12mo; 19. To the But the young republican declared that he should not call
Epistles of St. Paul, 1849, 12mo. 20. My Churchyard, 2d again unless his first visit were returned. Lord Byron was
ed., 1848, 12mo. 21. Book of Psalms arranged for Devo- not a little amused by this practical exhibition of repub-
tional Readings, 2d ed., 1847, 32mo. 22. Revelation Read-licanism, and complied with the code thus recommended to
ings; vol. i., 1848, 12mo; vol. ii., 1851, 12mo; vol. iii., | him, and invited Mr. Dallas to visit him at Newstead.
1852, 12mo. 23. The Point of Hope in Ireland's Present
Crisis, 1849; 2d ed., 1850, 12mo. 24. Prophecy upon the
Mount; 2d ed., 1848, 12mo. Transubstantiation, 1857, 8vo.
Dallas, E. S. Poetics: an Essay on Poetry, Lon.,
1853, p. 8vo.
Dallas, E. W. The Elements of Plane Practical
Geometry, Lon., 1855, 8vo.
Dallas, George, of St. Martin. System of Styles as
now practicable within the kingdom of Scotland; in 6 parts,
Edin., 1697, fol., 1774, 2 vols. 4to.
Dallas, Sir George, Bart., 1758–1833, a native of
London, of the same family as A. J. Dallas. A Speech,
praying redress against an Act of Parliament, Lon., 1786,
8vo. The India Guide; a Poem. Thoughts on our pre-
sent Situation, with remarks on the Policy of a War with
France, 1793, 8vo. Letters on the Trade between India
and Europe, 1802, 4to. Letters to Lord Moira on the Polit.
and Com. State of Ireland. Vindication of the Justice and
Policy of the late Wars carried on in Hindostan and the
Dekkan, by Marquis Wellesley, 1806, 4to. A Biographical
Memoir of the late Sir Peter Parker, Bart., Captain of his
Majesty's Ship Menelaus, &c., 1815, 4to. Other publica-
tions. The remarks on the policy of a war with France
were greatly admired by Wm. Pitt, and, at his suggestion.
reprinted for general distribution. We give an extract
from a letter of Robert Southey's:
1. An Essay on the expediency of erecting any Monu-
ment to Washington except that involved in the preserva-
tion of the American Union: printed in 1811. 2. An Ad-
dress to the Democrats of Philadelphia in vindication of
the War of 1812: delivered on the 4th July, 1815. 3. An
Appeal to the Democracy of Pennsylvania, for the election
of William Findlay as Governor: in 1817. 4. A Vindica-
tion of President Monroe, for authorizing General Jackson
to pursue the hostile Indians into Florida: in 1819. 5. An
Oration on Reverence and Love of our Country, before the
Cliosophic and Whig Societies, at Princeton College: in
1831. 6. An Oration at Lafayette College, Easton, on the
Public Character of Pennsylvania: in 1834. 7. An Appeal
to the People of Pennsylvania in favour of having a formal
scrutiny instituted by the approaching Constitutional Con-
vention, as to the corrupt creation and fraudulent invalidity
of the Charter granted by their Representatives to the Bank
of the United States: in 1836. 8. Address before a Com-
mittee of the Legislature pursuing an Anti-Masonic inves-
tigation; denouncing and resisting their course as a viola-
tion of the private rights guaranteed to the citizen by the
Constitution: in 1836. 9. An Address to sustain the nomi-
nation of Andrew Jackson to the Presidency: in 1828.
10. A Lecture before the Mercantile Institution on Russia:
in 1840. 11. Defence of Comm. Jesse D. Elliott, before a
Court Martial: in 1840. 12. An Oration in Commemora-
tion of the Centennial Anniversary of Jefferson's Birth-
Day: in 1843.
Day: in 1843. 13. Eulogy on Andrew Jackson: at the
public celebration of his Obsequies by the citizens of Phila-
delphia: in 1845. 14. Speech of Vice-President Dallas to
the Senate of the United States, on giving his casting vote
in favour of the new Tariff of duties on Imports: in 1846.
15. Vindication of the Vice-President's casting vote on the
Tariff of 1846, in a series of letters: in 1846. 16. Address
as Chancellor of the Smithsonian Institute, on laying
the corner-stone of the edifice at Washington: in 1847.
17. Speech at the Celebration of the Centennial Anniver-
sary of the foundation of the College of New Jersey: in
1847. 18. Published Letter on the practicability and ex-
pediency of securing by the treaty of peace with Mexico
the right of way, and of opening a Ship Canal across the
Isthmus of Tehuantepec: in 1847. 19. Thoughts on Mr.
Trist's Treaty of Peace with Mexico: in 1849. 20. Eulogy
on the Life and Character of James K. Polk: in 1849.
21. Letter to Mr. Bryan, of Texas, on the character of the
Federal Constitution, and the approach of danger to the
Union:
Union in 1851. 22. Speech on the trial of William Ho-
gan, a Roman Catholic Priest, indicted for an assault and
battery on Mary Connell. 23. Speech in the Senate of the
United States, on Nullification and the Tariff: in 1831.
24. Speech in the U. S. Senate on the Constitutionality and
Equality of the Apportionment of Federal Representatives
by the Act of 1832, under the Fifth Census: in 1832.
25. Speech in the U. S. Senate in vindication of Edward
Livingston, nominated by President Jackson for the office
of Secretary of State: in 1832. 26. Speech to the citizens
of Pittsburg on the War, Slavery, and the Tariff: in 1847,
27. Speech to the citizens of Hollidaysburg: in 1847.
28. Speech to the citizens of Philadelphia in Town-Meet-
ing, on the necessity of maintaining the Union, the Con-
stitution, and the Compromise: in 1850. 29. Speech on
Of the three sons of Alexander James Dallas, the eldest the application to the Supreme Court for an Injunction
rose to the rank of Commodore in the American navy, the against the Canal Commissioners, on alleged usurpations
third was the late Judge Dallas of Pittsburg, and the of power in the management of the Columbia Railroad :
second, George Mifflin Dallas, after occupying many pub-in 1853. 30. Speech in maintenance of the legal right of
lic positions, was, in 1844, elected to the Vice-Presidency the Corporation of Philadelphia to subscribe to the North
of the United States. The particular incidents connected Pennsylvania Railroad Company: in 1853.
with Mr. Dallas's career, which belong to political rather
than to literary history, will not be expected in this volume.
The reader will find an excellent biographical sketch in
the National Portrait Gallery, Phila., 1853; and his visit
to England whilst yet a youth is noticed by his noble con-
nexion, Lord Byron the poet, in his correspondence with
Robert Charles Dallas. We may mention an amusing in-
stance of the early display of that principle of sturdy de- |
mocracy for which Mr. Dallas has been distinguished |
through life. Upon his arrival in England he called upon
and paid his respects to his distinguished connexion, Lord
George Gordon Byron, and awaited a call in reply. His
uncle, R. C. Dallas, informed him that peers wore not in
In addition to the works previously cited, we refer the
reader to notices of Mr. Dallas and his public services in
Democratic Review, x. 158; American Whig Review, xiv.
451; Niles's Register, xliii., Sup. 124; Chase's Hist. of the
Polk Administration.
"Sir George Dallas has sent me some marvellous verses by a so
of his, not yet thirteen-as great a prodigy as I have ever read of.
Verse appears as easy to him as speech; Latin verse is at his fingers
end like English; and he has acted a part in a play of his own
composition, like another Roscius."-To C. H. Townshend, Esq.,
April 12, 1818.
Dallas,George Mifflin, LL.D., b. July 10,1792,in the
city of Philadelphia, is a son of Alexander James Dallas, a
native of Jamaica, and one of the most distinguished and |
useful of America's adopted sons, (v. ante.) Indeed, in
but few families have so many members risen to distinction
and eminent public usefulness as in that of the subject of
this notice. His grandfather, Dr. Dallas, who emigrated
from Scotland to Jamaica about the middle of the 18th
century, was one of the most prominent professors of the
particular branch of science to which his energies were de-
voted. Of his four sons, Robert Charles Dallas became
one of the most voluminous and useful writers of his age;
and Alexander James Dallas, Secretary of the Treasury
and Secretary of War of the Federal Republic, deservedly
acquired by his public services a commanding position in
the eyes of the American people. Their sister, Miss Dallas,
married Capt. Byron of the English navy, and was mother
of the present and seventh Lord Byron. To the same
family belonged the distinguished brothers, Sir George
Dallas, whose political writings were so warmly admired
by William Pitt, and Sir Robert Dallas, President Judge
of the Court of Common Pleas. Nor have the wisdom of
the Bench and the deliberations of the councils only, been
indebted to this House: in the Church it is ably represented
by those excellent religious instructors through the pulpit
and the press, the Rev. Alexander Robert Charles Dallas,
and Rev. Charles Dallas, who, after gaining military laurels
in the Peninsula and at Waterloo under Wellington, are
now zealously engaged in the promotion of the best inte-
rests of the human race.
Dallas, Robert Charles, 1754-1824, uncle of the
preceding, and brother of Alexander James Dallas, was a
native of Kingston, Jamaica. He was educated first at
Musselburgh, and next under Mr. Elphinston. He was
entered of the Inner Temple as a law student, but upon
attaining his majority he returned to Jamaica, where he
continued for three years, when he again visited Europe,
and was married to a daughter of Benjamin Harding, Esq.,
467
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:
of Hacton House, near Hornchurch. Before this last visit
he had been appointed to a lucrative office in Jamaica, and
returned to the discharge of his duties after his marriage;
but the climate not agreeing with Mrs. Dallas's health, they
quitted the West Indies forever, and resided for several
years upon the Continent. That terrible scourge, the
French Revolution, drove Mr. Dallas, with almost all other
men of proper spirit, from unhappy France; and he deter-
mined to visit America, in which country his brother, Alex-
ander James Dallas, subsequently attained great distinc-
tion, (v. ante.) Mr. Dallas was not sufficiently pleased with
the United States to induce a permanent settlement, and
he returned to England, where he entered upon an extended
literary career, for which his talents eminently fitted him.
His best-known work-published shortly before his death-
is the Recollections of Lord Byron. Mr. Dallas was related
to the Byron family, his sister, Miss Dallas, having mar-
ried Captain Byron of the English navy, father of the present
and seventh Lord Byron, successor of the noble poet.
Mr. Dallas had great influence with his relative, and ex-
erted it in a manner which redounded greatly to his honour.
The reader of Moore's Life of Byron will remember that
it was owing to Mr. D.'s agency that Childe Harold was
given to the world, but all are not aware that many objec-
tionable verses were expunged at his earnest request, and
others protested against, which Byron insisted upon retain-
ing. The reader who would do justice to the character of
this excellent man-Robert Charles Dallas-must peruse
the Recollections, and especially the "preliminary state-
ment." of the Rev. A. R. C. Dallas, and the concluding chap-
ter of the book. We proceed to the enumeration of Mr.
Dallas's productions:
1. Miscellaneous Writings, consisting of Poems; Lucre-
tia, a Tragedy, and Moral Essays, with a Vocabulary of
the Passions, 1797, 4to. 2. Clery's Journal of occurrences
at the Temple during the confinement of Louis XVI.; from
the French, 1797, 8vo. 3. Annals of the French Revolu-
tion from the French of Bertrand de Moleville, 1800-02,
9 vols. 8vo. 4. Memoirs of the last year of Louis XVI.,
3 vols. 8vo. 5. Letter to the Hon. C. J. Fox, respecting an
inaccurate quotation of the Annals of the French Revolu-
tion, made by him in the House of Commons, by Bertrand
de Moleville, with a trans., 1800, 8vo. 6. Correspondence
between Bertrand de Moleville and C. J. Fox upon his quo-
tation of the Annals, with a trans., 1800, Svo. 7. The
British Mercury; from the French of Mallet du Pan.
8. The Natural History of Volcanoes, including Submarine
Volcanoes, and other Analogous Phenomena. Trans. from
the French of the Abbé Ordinaire, 1801, 8vo. 9. Percival,
or Nature Vindicated; a Novel, 1801, 4 vols. 12mo.
"The foundation of this fascinating and instructive work of
imagination is laid in pure religion and uncontaminated nature;
and the superstructure is raised upon a liberal and virtuous educa-
tion, under the direction of those best architects of the human
mind. sound example and sound precept.”—European Magazine.
"It presents the reader throughout with a very beautiful picture
of virtue, in its most engaging form, delireated in the clearest
colouring of purity of style and simplicity of language."-Anti-
Jucobin Review.
10. Elements of Self-Knowledge, 1802, 8vo; 2d ed., 1806.
11. The History of the Maroons, Lon., 1803, 204, 2 vols.
8vo. This work is censured with much severity by the
Edinburgh reviewer, (vol. ii. 376,) whose justice is ques-
tioned by Mr. Rich:
"The Edinburgh Review seems to be rather too severe upon this
work, for by its own account, it contains much curious and inte-
resting matter, and appears to form a useful appendix to Brian
Edwards's West Indies, &c."
"We here announce to our readers a very agreeable and instruc
18th century? Our country is afflicted with some apolo-
gists for these damning crimes-but "let no such man bə
trusted!" 14. Aubrey, a Novel, 1804, 4 vols. 12mo.
tive novel, in which the incidents themselves afford a lesson both
improving and entertaining, and the sentiments are always founded
on just perceptions of reason and nature.”—Lon. Monthly Review.
"In saying that this production is superior to the generality of
novels, we shall be thought by many to express ourselves but coldly
of its merits. Aubrey does, in fact, deserve a higher commenda.
tion. It is written with ease, and excites much interest in the
mind of the reader.”—British Critic.
15. Memoirs of Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, from
the French of Joseph Weber, her foster-brother, 1805, Svo.
16. The Morlands; Tales illustrative of the Simple and
Surprising, 1805, 4 vols. 12mo.
“Thus concludes the first Tale of the Morlands: we shall take a
short notice of the second hereafter. This Tale is certainly much
superior to the general course of novels. The language is natural
and chaste, the business. in general, interesting and rapid, and the
moral effect is such as will often instruct, and can never offend.”-
Lon. Gen. Review.
(3
The merits of both his efforts are considerable; our judgment,
however, decides for the last."-Anti-Jacobin Review.
"The value of these works of imagination consists in the faith-
ful picture of mankind which they present. Mr. D.'s just discri-
minations of character are evidences of his acquaintance with the
world. Many excellent reflections. and precepts of the best mo-
rality, occur in the work."-Lon. Monthly Revicro.
17. The Latter Years of the Reign and Life of Louis XVI.,
from the French of Hue, 1806, Svo. 18. The Knights;
Tales illustrative of the Marvellous, 1808, 3 vols. 12mo.
19. The Siege of Rochelle, an historical novel from the
French of Madame de Genlis, 1808, 3 vols. 12mo. 20. Not
at Home; a Comedy, 1809, 8vo. 21. The New Conspiracy
against the Jesuits detected and briefly exposed; with a
short account of their institutes, and observations on the
danger of systems of education independent of religion,.
1815,
1815, Svo. 22. Recollections of the Life of Lord Byron,
from the year 1808 to the end of the year 1814, 1824, Svo.
"It certainly does appear that Mr. Dallas, from the first to the
last of his intimacy with Lord Byron, did every thing that a friend,
with the feelings of a parent. could do to win his lordship to the
cause of virtue, but unhappily in vain."-Lom. Gentleman's Mug.
Mr. Dallas died at St. Adresse, in Normandy, at the ripe
age of seventy.
Dallas, Thomas, Surgeon. On the Treatment of a
Polypus in the Pharynx and Esophagus; Ess. Phys. 2nd
Lit., iii. 525, 1771. Sequel to the preceding, by Dr. Monro,
iv. 534. Fatal Histories of different Tetanic
in which the most powerful remedies were employed in
Complaints,
vain; Annals of Med., iii. 323, 1797.
Lon., 1856, p. Svo. 2. Elements of Entomology, 1857, p. 8vo.
Dallas, W. S. 1. Nat. Hist. of the Animal Kingdom,
"In every thing essential the book is excellent and will prove a
useful guide for the entomological student.”—Annals of Nat. Hist,
Dallaway, Mrs. Harriet. A Manual of Heraldry
for Amateurs, Lon., 1828, 12mo.
"A useful work; the descriptions are concise and simple. Some
copies have the cuts emblazoned."
Dallaway, James, 1763-1834, a native of Bristol,
England, was educated at Trinity College, Oxford; Rector
of South Stoke, Sussex, 1799; Vicar of Letherhead, Surrey,
cian to the British Embassy at the Porte. He paid much
1801. He officiated for some time as chaplain and physi-
Rundell to Mrs. Sandys, Oxf., 1789, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Inqui-
attention to antiquarian pursuits. 1. Letters of Bishop
ries into the Origin and Progress of the Science of Heraldry
in England, Gloucester, 1793, 4to.
"The author of this elegant and erudite work has here, with the
pen of a Tacitus. accurately defined. in a most comprehensive man-
ner, the rise and progress of the science of heraldry, from the earliest
through the most interesting period of British history, accommo
dating the study to modern systems."-Moule's Bibl. Heraldica.
Vide Bibliotheca Americana Nova, ii. 13.
The three opinions which follow are entitled to great re-
spect:
The whole work is curious. interesting, and instructive. and
distinguished for the sincerity of its narrations.”—Lım. Annuol
Revien.
"We advise the inquisitive to consult the volumes of Mr. Dallas,
which certainly afford much of both information and entertain-
ment."- Lom. Monthly Review.
"This book was much esteemed for the simplicity of its narra-
tion, and authenticity of its details.”—Lơn. Gentleman's Mag.
12. The Costume of the Hereditary Estates of the Houso
of Austria, from the French of B. de Moleville, 1804, imp.
4to. 13. Refutation of the Libel on the Memory of the
late King of France, pub. by Helen Maria Williams, from
the French of B. de Moleville, 1804, 8vo. We confess that-Lom. Literary Gazelle.
the zeal with which this excellent man espouses the cause
of the "murdered majesty" of France recommends his
memory to our profound respect. How long will Ameri-
cans degrade themselves, and disgrace the cause of that
liberty which they profess to cherish, by extolling the Eng-
lish regicides of the 17th, and the French regicides of the
469
In this work Mr. D. reprinted the part of the celebrated
"Boke of St. Alban's," printed in 1486, which relates to
Armorial Bearings. 3. Constantinople, Ancient and Mo-
dern, 1797, 4to. 4. Letters and Works of Lady Mon-
tagu, from her Original MSS., with Memoirs of her Life,
1805, 5 vols. 8vo. 5. Anecdotes of the Arts in Eng-
land, 1800, 8vo. 6. Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting
in England, considerably enlarged, 1806; 1828, 5 vols.
r. 8vo.
In paper. printing, and engraving, and truly excellent in every
"An admirable publication; quite a treasure,-beautiful alike
thing which depended upon the talents and exertions of its editor."
"The Lives of the Painters by Walpole, with notes by the Rev.
Mr. Dallaway, form five perfectly resplendent volumes.
en the
good old times of Bibliomania this work would have walked, of its
own accord, into the mahogany book-cases of half the Collections
in London."-Dildin's Bibliomania.
7. History of the Western Division of the County of Sus-
sex, 1815, '19, imp. 4to; vol. i. and vol. ii. part 1. 500 copies
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were printed, of which 300 of the 1st vol., and 470 of the
1st part of the 2d, were destroyed by fire at Bensley's print-
ing office, Bolt Court, June 26, 1819. Parochial Topogra-
phy of the Rape of Arundel; new ed. by Cartwright, and
Cartwright's Hist. of the Rape of Bramber, (forming vol.,
ii. of Dallaway's Western Sussex,) 2 vols. imp. 4to, 1830-
32. Cartwright's Hist. of the Rape of Bramber was pub.
to complete Dallaway's work, and should not be neglected
by the collector.
11
8. Observations on English Architecture, military, eccle-
siastical, and civil, 1806, 8vo; 1833.
"Mr. Dallaway has collected all the most striking facts respecting
the Saxon. Norman, and Gothic Architecture. These who desire
to collect materials respecting the history and character of the Eng-
lish Gothic Architecture, will find much that is valuable in this
volume; it will indeed be especially serviceable to architectural
students."-Lon. Athenæum.
9. Statuary and Sculpture among the Ancients, 1816, 8vo.
350 copies were printed, of which 200 were destroyed by
fire at Bensley's printing office. 10. William Wyreestre
10. William Wyreestre
Redivivus, Bristol, 1823,4to. 11. Notices of Ancient Church
Architecture in the 15th Century, Lon., 1823, 4to. 12. Pic-
tures exhibited in the Rooms of the British Institution
from 1813 to 1828. In the Archæol., xv. 231, 1803, will be
found an account by Mr. D. of the Walls of Constantinople.
Dallaway, J. J. The Map Pedometer, 4to.
Dallaway, R. C. The Servant's Monitor, Lon., 1815,
12mo. Observations on Education, 12mo.
Account of the Discoveries in the South Pacific Ocean.
previous to 1764, Lon., 1767, Svo. He states in his Histo-
rical Collection, that but few copies of the above were
printed, and that "it was not published until some time
after, when it was reported that the French had discovered
the Southern Continent, the great object of all his re-
searches."
An Historical Collection of the South Sea Voyages.
Vol. i., The Spanish Voyages; Vol. ii., The Dutch Voyages,
2 vols. 4to, 1770-71. The collector should see that the 2d
vol has a chronological table, and a vocabulary, for these
are frequently wanting. Both Burney's and Dalrymple's
Observations on Dr. Hawkesworth's Preface to the 2d
edit., 1773, 4to.
Collections
"Are by men well qualified by science, learning, research, and
devotedness to their object, to perform well what they undertook
on any subject connected with geography and discovery.”—Steven-
son's Voyages and Travels.
"Dalrymple is a great name in the annals of Navigation and
Hydrography, and the present collection is among the very best
of his works."-T. F. DIBDIN.
An Historical Journal of the expeditions by sea and lan
to the North of California, in 1768, '69, and "70; when
Spanish establishments were first made at San Diego and
Monte Rey, 1790, 4to.
"This was a Spanish MS. presented to the ingenious and inde-
fatigable Mr. Dalrymple by Dr. Robertson. Mr. D. had it translated
by Mr. Revely, and enriched it with other corresponding material,
and two maps of this hitherto imperfectly known coast. The ac-
count is very curious and interesting."—Lon. Monthly Peview. See
Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova under 1790, and the notice of Diario His-
torico under 1770.
The Oriental Repository, 1791-1808, 2 vols. imp. 4to.
This is a valuable collection of tracts relating to the com-
merce, history, manners, and natural history of the East
Indies and China, including communications from Major
Rennell, Orme, Wilkins, Sir W. Jones, Roxburgh, &c. The
East India Company, at whose charge the collection was
pub., took 100 of the 250 copies which were struck off.
Collection of English Songs, with an Appendix of ori-
ginal pieces, 1796, 8vo. An excellent selection. Catalogue
of Authors who have written on Rio de la Plata, Paraguay,
and Chaco, 1809, 4to. Dalrymple pub. some papers in
Phil. Trans. In the London Institution is a very complete
copy of his collection of plans of ports in the East Indies,
with descriptions, a MS. index, &c. in 13 vols. folio and
quarto.
Dallington, Sir Robert, d. 1637, aged 76, a native
of Geddington, Northamptonshire, was "bred a Bible clerk
(as I justly collect) in Bene't College: and after became a
schoolmaster in Norfolk."-Fuller's Worthies. Wood says
he was a Greek scholar in Pembroke Hall. A Book of i
Sir Wm. Buttes.
A
Epitaphes made upon the death of the Right Worshipfull
To this work, consisting of poems in
Latin and English, contributions were made by Thomas
Corbold, Henrie Gosnolde, &c. It is now very rare.
Method for Trauell, shewed by taking the View of France
as it stoode in 1598, Lon., by Thos. Creede. Sro. Inscribed
"To all gentlemen that have trauelled.-Rob. Dallington."
Survey of the Great Duke's State in Tuscany, in the year
1596, '05, 4to. Aphorisms, 2d 1629, with
the clause of Guicciardine defaced by the Inquisition.
"He had an excellent wit and judgment: witness his most accu-
rate aphorisms on Tacitus."-Fuller's Worthies.
Dallowe, Timothy. Boerhaave's Chemistry, with
Boerhaave's Chemistry, with
the author's correct. and emendat., Lon., 1795, 2 vols. 4to.
Dally, Frank Fether. Apotheosis of Shakspeare, and
other Poems, Lon., 1848, Svo. The Channel Islands, 1858.
Dalrymple, Alexander, 1737-1808, an eminent hy-
drographer, was a son of Sir James Dalrymple, Bart., of
New Hailes. In his 16th year he went out as a writer in
E. I. Company's service, and was placed in the secretary's
office. In 1779 he was appointed Hydrographer to the E.
I. Company, and in 1795, upon the establishment by the
Admiralty of a similar office, Dalrymple was selected to
fill the post. He took a lively interest in voyages of dis-
covery. We notice a few of Mr. D.'s many publications.
See list in European Mag., Nov. and Dec. 1802, and in
Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Dalrymple, Campbell. A Military Essay, Lon.,
1761, Svo.
Dalrymple, David, Lord Hailes, son of the pre-
and industrious lawyer and antiquary, and added consider-
ceding. 1726-1792, a native of Edinburgh, was a learned
ably to the historical treasures of the language. In 1776
Lord Commissioner of the
Many
interesting details connected with his literary history will
be found in Boswell's Life of Johnson, Tytler's Life of
Lord Kames, and Forbes's Life of Beattie. Sacred Poems
A Cat. of the Lords
by various authors, Edin., 1751, 12mo.
of Session from 1532, 1767, 4to. Memorials and Letters
relating to the Histories of Britain in the reign of James
I., Glasg., 1762, Svo; 1766, Svo; in the reign of Charles I.,
1766, sm. Svo; the same, with account of the preservation
of Charles II. after the battle of Worcester, 1766, sm. Svo.
Secret Corresp. of Sir Robert Cecil with James VI., Edin.,
1766, 12mo. Annals of Scotland, 1056-1370, 2 vols. 4to,
1776-79; 1819, 3 vols. Svo, including other works.
"The Memoirs of Dalrymple contain very curious information,
and will give important hints most useful to every inquirer into
the Constitutional History of England.”—PROF. SMITH.
"It is in our language, I think, a new mode of history, which
tells all that is wanted. and, I suppose all that is known, without
laboured splendour of language, or affected subtility of conjecture.
such a certainty of facts, and such a punctuality of citation. I
A book which will always sell; it has such a stability of dates,
never before read Scotch History with certainty."-DR. SAMUEL
JOHNSON.
"Lord Hailes's Annals of Scotland, it is believed. stands unri-
valled in the English language for a purity and simplicity of style,
liarly suited the form of his work, and is entirely void of that false
an elegance. perspicuity, and conciseness of narration, that pecu-
ornament and stately gait which makes the works of some other
writers appear in gigantic but fictitious majesty.”—Edinburgh Mag.
Remains of Christian Antiquity, with Notes, Edin., 1766–
80, 3 vols. 12mo. Lord H. pub. translations of Lactantius
de Justitia and other works, (see list in Orme's Bibl. Bib.,)
which have been highly commended:
"These works by Lord Hailes are among the most elegant speci-
mens of translation. and discover a profound acquaintance with
the most minute circumstances of early Christian antiquity....
Inquiry into the Secondary Causes [pub. 1786, 4to: new ed.. 1808,
He was one of the most formidable antagonists of Gibbon. His
12mo] is a most triumphant exposure of the sophistry and mis-
representations of that artful writer. The preceding works ar
now become scarce: but I know not a higher treat which can be
enjoyed by a cultivated and curious mind than that which they
afford."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"They would have been admired in days when the knowledge
of sacred criticism was less rare, and when the value of it was more
justly estimated.”—DR. ERSKINE,
An Examination of some of the Arguments for the High
Antiquity of Regiam Majestatem; and an Enquiry into the
Authenticity of Leges Malcomi, 1768, 4to. Tracts relative
to the Hist. and Antiquities of Scotland, 1800, 4to. One
of the tracts in this collection was rigidly suppressed imme-
diately after publication. For other works of this learned
Collection of Voyages, chiefly in the Southern Atlantic
Ocean, 1775, 4to.
A Letter to Dr. Hawkesworth, occasioned by some ground-author see Watt's Bibl. Brit. In 1826, 2 vols. 4to, were
less and illiberal imputations in his account of the late pub. his Decisions of the Lords of Council and Session
Voyages to the South, 1773, 4to.
from 1766 to 1791, selected from the original MSS. by M.
P. Brown.
"The indefatigable Alexander Dalrymple. who appears to have
been the first projector of the expeditions under Wallis, Cartaret,
and Cook, to the South Seas. in which he was not permitted to join,
is rather severe in this tract, upon some parts of Dr. Hawkesworth's
ace nt of these voyages."-Rich's Bibliotheca Americana Nova.
Dalrymple, Sir Hew, 1652-1737, of North Berwick,
President of the Court of Sessions. Decisions of the Court
of Sessions from 1698 to 1718 Edin., 1758, fol.; 1792.
469
DAL
DAL
Dalrymple, General Sir Hew Whiteford, Bart.,
1750-1830, commander of the army in Portugal, great-
grandson of the above. Memoir of his Proceedings as
connected with the Affairs or Spain and the Commencement
of the Peninsular War, Lon., Svo.
(*
It forms, with the documents in the Appendix, a very valuable
and authentic addition for the history of the period in question."
-United Service Journal.
Dalrymple, James, first Viscount Stair, 1619-1695,
was one of the Lords of Session, President Judge of the
Court of Session, Lord Advocate and Secretary of State.
Institutions of the Law of Scotland deduced from its ori-
ginal, and collated with the Civil, Canon, and Feudal Laws,
and with the Customs of our neighbouring Nations, Edin.,
1681, fol.; 2d ed., 1693; 3d ed., 1759; 4th ed., with Com-
mentaries and a Supplet. by George Brodie, Edin., 1825-
32, 2 vols. fol. There is a later edit. by John S. More.
CC
A work surprisingly in advance of the age in which it was pro-
duced, and reflecting honour upon the name and family of its
gifted author."—Warren's Law Studies, 21 edit., 887.
"It is in truth to be regarded as a Digest of the judgments of
the Court of Session, reduced to order according to the spirit and
arrangement of the Roman jurisprudence."-G. J. Bell's Commen-
taries on the Law of Scotland, vol. i.-Preface.
"A Treatise on General Jurisprudence, illustrated by reference
to the Law of Scotland." See More's edit.
"Our own greatest judicial authors make frequent use of the
writings of Lord Stair, who is often cited, for instance, by Black-
stone."-Warren's Law Studies, 888.
Dalrymple, Sir James, Bart. Collections concern-
ing the Scottish History preceding the death of King
David I., anno 1153, Edin., 1705, Svo. Vindication of the
Ecclesiastical part of the above, Edin., 1714, 8vo. Sir
James's critic was Mr. John Gillane. See Gillane's Life
of John Sage.
!
Decisions of the Lords of Council and Session, 1661-
1681, 2 vols. fol., 1683-87. Physiologia Nova Experiment-
alis, Lugd. Bat., 1686, 4to. This was pub. during his exile.
An Apologie for himself, Edin., 1690, 4to. A copy, said to
be unique, is in the Advocates' Library. In 1815 seventy-
two copies wore printed at the expense of Wm. Blair, Esq.,
for the members of the Bannatyne Club. Modus Litigandi,
1681, fol. Vindication of the Divine Perfections, illustrat-
ing the Glory of God in them by Reason and Revelation,
Lon., 1695, 4to.
*
3. State
Dalrymple, John, 5th Earl of Stair, d. 1789, was
called the Cassandra of the State" from his gloomy pre-
dictions concerning matters of political economy.
1. The
State of the National Debt, Income, and Expenditure, 1776,
fol. 2. Facis and their Consequences, 1782, 8vo.
of the Public Debts. 4. An Attempt to balance the Income
and Expenditure of the State, 1783, Svo. Appendix to
ditto. 5. An Argument to prove that it is the Indispen-
sable Duty of the Public to insist that Government do forth-
with bring forward the Consideration of the State of the
Nation, 1783, 8vo. 6. On the proper Limits of Govern-
ment's Interference with the Affairs of the East India Com-
pany, 1784, 8vo. 7. Address to, and Expostulation with,
the Public, 1784, 8vo. Comparative State of the Public
Revenues for the Years ended 10th Oct. 1783, and 10th
Oct. 1784, 85, 8vo. Other publications. See Park's Wal-
pole's R. and N. Authors.
Dalrymple, Sir John, 1726-1810, a Baron of Exche-
quer in Scotland, and father to the present Earl of Stair.
An Essay towards a General History of Feudal Property
in Great Britain, Lon., 1757 and 1758, Svo, and 4th edit.,
1759, 12mo. Highly esteemed. Considerations on the Po-
Key of Entails in a Nation, Edin., 1765, Svo.
•
·The Considerations on Entail is one of the best defences that
has been put forth of their policy. It appears to have been prin-
cipally intended as an answer to the following tract, [A Free Dis-
quisition concerning the Law of Entails in Scotland, &c., Edin.,
1765, 8vo.] in which entails are vigorously and ably attacked.”.
McCulloch's Lil. of Polit. Economy.
The Question considered whether Wool should be allowed
to be Exported when the Price is Low at Home, on Paying
a Duty to the Public? Lon., 1781, 8vo.
|
and Algernon Sydney, elicited several responses by Jusepl
Towers and others.
"Another publication remains yet to be mentioned, which de
servedly excited the attention of the public on its first appearance,
and which must always be examined with great care by every in-
quirer into the constitutional history of England-the Memoirs of
Dalrymple. They contain very curious iuformation; and will give
very important hints respecting the character and views of both
the Duke of York, the king, and the popular leaders, and put the
student into possession of the state secrets of the reign.”—Prof.
Smyth's Lectures on Modern History.
This Dalrymple seems to be an honest fellow; for he tells
equally what makes against both sides. But nothing can be poorer
than his mode of writing; it is the mere bouncing of a schoolboy:
'Great He! but greater She!' and such stuff."-DR. SAML. JOHNSON.
"A well-written pamphlet, in which the question is answered in
the affirmative."-Ubi upra.
Memoirs of Great Britain and Ireland, from the Disso-
lution of the last Parliament of Charles II., until the Sea
Battle off La Hogue. With the Supplement and Appon-
dices, 3 vols. 4to, Edin., 1771, '73, '88. New edit., with a
continuation till the capture of the French and Spanish
Fleets at Vigo, Lon., 1790, 3 vols. 8vo.
"Dalrymple was the first to procure access to the despatches of
Barillon, the French minister at the Court of James II, and thereby
unveil the state secrets of the reign, and in particular the fact that
the leaders of the Whigs were in the pay of Louis. XIV."
The Rights of Great Britain asserted against the claims
of America; being an answer to the declarations of the
general Congress, Lon., 1776, Svd.
..
This celebrated performance is said to have been written,
printed, and liberally distributed, both in Great Britain and Amʊ-
rica, at the instance and expense of government; but whether this
be true or not, the work itself, we are afraid, will answer no other
purpose than to exasperate the people of Great Britain against
their brethren of Amèrica, and, by inflaming misrepresentations
and invectives, aggravate the evils of our present civil discord.”-
Lon. Monthly Review.
|
See Dalrymple's second volume. The statements thus
put forth respecting the character of Lord William Russell
F
J
!
:
"I have a copy of the EIGHTH EDITION, (printed in the same year;)
to which is now added a refutation of Dr. Price's State of the na-
tional debt: which belonged to Sir James Mackintosh, who has
written on the fly-leaf, now owned to be by Sir John Dalrymple.'”
—Rich's Bibl. Americana Nova, under 1776, p. 237.
•
Dalrymple, John, 1804-1852, b. at Norwich. Ana-
tomy of the Human Eye, Lon., 1834, 12mo. Pathology of the
Human Eye: complete in nine fasciculi, imp. 4to, 1849, &c.
"The value of this work can scarcely be overestimated.”—Brit.
and For. Medico-Chir. Review.
"The most truly valuable work upon the pathology of the hu
man eye which has yet appeared."-Dublin Quarterly Journal.
"As practically useful as it is beautiful.”—Lon. Lancet.
Dalrymple, Major Wm. Travels through Spain
and Portugal in 1774, Lon., 1777, 4to. Treatise on Military
Tactics, 1781, Svo.
Dalrymple, Wm., D.D., d. 1813, aged 90. History
of Christ, 1787, 8vo. Family Worship explained; in four
Serms., 1787, 8vo.
Dalrymple, Wm.
1800, 8vo.
Treatise on the Culture of Wheat,
"This work treats of wheat on strong and light lands, the rota-
tions of cropping, seed, and sowing, and steeps or brines. The ideas
are not very enlightened, and now far superseded."-Donaldson's
Agricult. Bing.
Acts, Lon., 1843, 18mo.
Dalton, Edward. The Jesuits, their Principles and
"Very useful."-BICKERSTETH.
Six Serms., 1844, 18mo. Thoughts for Each Day, 1844,
18mo. Life of Joseph, 1846, 12mo.
Dalton, J. 15 Serms. A Serm., 1771, '73, 8vo.
Dalton, James. A strange and true relation of a
Young Woman possest with the Devill, Lon., 1647, 4to.
Oxf.; Prebendary of Worcester; Rector of St. Mary-at-
Dalton, John, 1709–1763, Fellow of Queen's Coll.,
Hill. Two Epistles, 1744, 4to. Poem on the Coal Mines
near Whitehaven, &c., 1755, 4to. Remarks on 12 Designs
of Raphael. Serms., 1745, 47, 55. Serms., 1757.
"The discourse on Peace is one of the best sermons which we
remember to have read on the subject."-Lon. Critical Keview.
Dalton, John, 1767-1844, a native of Eaglesfield,
Cumberland, was a teacher of mathematics at Manchester.
He made some valuable contributions to chemistry: the
Atomic theory; theory of Mixed Gases; meteorological ob-
servations, &c. Meteorological Observations and Essays,
Lon., 1793, 8vo.
"All of which have thrown much light on the subject of which
he treated."-R. D. THOMSON, M.D., &c.
2. English Grammar, 1801, 8vo. 3. New System of
Chemical Philosophy. Part 1st, 1808, Svo. Part 2d, Man-
chester, 1810, Svo. Part 3, 1827. Chemical Con. to Nic.
Jour., 1806, '11; to Annals of Phil., 1813, '14. See Rich's
Cyc. of Biog., 1854, and Atomic Theory in Thomson's
Cyclopædia of Chemistry; also Brit. Quar. Rev., i. 157,
and Westm. Rev., xlv. SS.
Dalton, Maria R. The Vicar of Lansdowne; a Tale,
Lon., 1789, 2 vols.
Dalton, Michael, M.P., 1554-1620, an English law-
yer. 1. The County Justice, 1619, fol.; 10 or 12 edits.:
last 1746, fol.
ale weight." Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 251; 3 Bos. & Pul., 254; 1 Brod.
“A book which, though not a judicial is of consider
M
t B., 579. 595.
2. Officium Vicecomitum, the Office and Authority of
Sheriffs; with an Appendix, Lon., 1682, 1700, fol.
There is a MS. of his in the Brit. Museum, entitled A
Breviary or Chronology of the State of the Ronan (1
Western Church or Empire, &c.
170
DAL
DAN
Dalton, R. Every Man his own Physician; or the
present Practice of Physic, Lon., 1780, 12mo.
Dalton, Richard, d. 1791, keeper of the pictures,
medals, &c., and antiquary to George III., was a brother
of John Dalton, Prebendary of Worcester. Explan. of a
set of prints relative to the Manners, Customs, &c. of the
present inhabitants of Egypt, Lon., 1781, fol. Antiquities
and Scenery in Greece and Egypt, 1791, fol. These en-
gravings include the basso-relievos discovered in Carla, &c.
Dalvimart, M. Costume of Turkey, 1802, imp. 4to.
Daly, Charles P., Judge of the Common Pleas, N.
York. Historical Sketch of the Judicial Tribunals of New
York from 1623 to 1846.
Daly, Daniel, 1595-1662, an Irish Dominican monk,
founder and superior of a college of his order at Lisbon.
Initium, incrementum et exitus familiæ Giraldinorum Des-
moniæ, &c., Lisbon, 1655, 8vo.
Daly, Daniel, Trial between, and R. Rolles, 1803.
Dalyell, Sir John Graham, d. 1851, in his 74th
year. Fragments of Scot. History, Edin., 1798, 4to. Scot.
Poems of the Sixteenth Century, 1801, 8vo. Tracts on the
Nat. Hist. of Animals and Vegetables, &c., 1803, 2 vols. 8vo.
Illust. of Scot. Hist., 1806, 8vo. Monastic Antiquities, 1809,
8vo. Ancient MS. of Martial's Epigrams, 1812, 8vo. Lind-
say of Pitscottie's Hist. of Scotland, new ed. Darker Super-
stitions of Scotland, 1834, 8vo. Rare and Remarkable
Animals of Scotland, Lon., 1847, '48, 2 vols. 4to, £6 68.
"The present publication will not only prove Sir John's inde
pendent discoveries and priority, but it will place its author in the
first rank of those who gain deserved honour by their talent for
original observation, and by that devoted love," &c.-Annals and
Magazine of Natural History, Feb. 1848.
Powers of the Creator Displayed in the Creation, 1851-
53, 2 vols. 4to, £8 Ss. Other works.
Dalzel, Andrew, 1750?-1806, a native of Ratho,
near Edinburgh, was Professor of Greek in the University
of Edinburgh. The Plain of Troy, from Chevalier, Edin.,
1791, 4to. Drysdale's Serms., with Life, &c., 1793, 2 vols.
8vo. Analecta Græca Minora cum Notis Philologicis. New
edit., with-notes by Rev. J. T. White, Lon., 1849, p. Svo.
Collectanea Græca Majora, Edin., 1802, '03, 2 vols. Svo.
Vol. i., 4th edit., 1840; vol. ii., Sth edit., 1845; vol. iii.,
1825. Con. to Trans. R. Soc., Edin., ii. 3, 1790. In Mr.
White's edit. of Dalzel's Analecta Græca Minora, a portion
of the long extracts from Lucian has been retrenched, and
the place supplied by selections from Arrian and Elian.
The notes are written in English, and the Greek Lexicon
nas been remodelled and enlarged. Substance of Lectures
on the Ancient Greeks, 1821, Svo. See a review in Lon.
Quarterly Review, xxvi. 243.
Dalzel, Archibald, Governor of Whydah, and after-
wards of Cape Coast Castle, in Africa. The History of
homey, Lon., 1793, 4to.
"The official situation which the author held gave him opportu
nities of gaining much valuable information of this kingdom and
Its inhabitants, the accuracy of which may be depended on."-
Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
Dalzel, James. Short Genealogy of the Family of
Maitland, Earl of Lauderdale, Edin., 1785, 4to. Privately
printed.
Daman, or Damon, Wm., one of Queen Elizabeth's
Musicians. The Psaumes of Dauid in English meter, Lon.,
1579, long Svo. Guil. Damon, his Psalmes, in foure partes,
1591, 4to.
Damberger, C. F. Travels in the Interior of Africa,
Lon., 1801, 8vo; from the German. Of these celebrated |
fictitious travels, written in a garret in London, two trans-
lations were published in 1801.
ruse the voyages, the best edit. of which will be found in
the Collection pub. in 1729, Lon., 4 vols. 8vo. Contents:
1. Capt. Dampier's Voyages round the World. 2. Voyages
of Lionel Wafer. 3. Voyage round the World, by W. Fun-
nell, Mate to Capt. Dampier. 4. Capt. Cowley's Voyage
round the Globe. 5. Capt. Sharp's Journey over the Isth-
mus of Darien, and Expedition into the South Seas. 6. Capt.
Wood's Voyage through the Streights of Magellan. 7. Mr.
Roberts's Adventures and Sufferings among the Corsairs
of the Levant.
Dampier's Account of a New Voyage round the World
was pub. in 1697, 3 vols. 8vo; 1699, 2 vols. 8vo; 1703, 3
vols. Svo. Voyage to New Holland, 1781, &c. Besides
several edits., the substance of his story has been transfer
red into many Collections of Voyages.
Dana, Charles Anderson, b. August 8, 1819, at
Hinsdale, N.H. He entered Harvard Univ. in 1839, but,
owing to a disease of the eyes, he remained there but two
years, and received an honourable dismissal. He suc-
cessively edited The Harbinger, a Weekly Journal devoted
to Social Reform and General Literature; the Boston Chro-
notype; and in 1847 he became. connected with the N.Y.
Tribune, and is now (1858) one of its proprietors, and, in
the absence of Mr. Greeley, editor-in-chief. He edited the
Household Book of Poetry, N.Y., 1858, Svo, pp. 793.
"Dana's Household Book of Poetry is a success. Everybody is
glad to have in a single volume the English poems to which they
habitually love to refer."-HENRY T. TUCKERMAN.
In connexion with Geo. Ripley, he is editing Appleton's
New American Cyclopædia, to be completed in 15 vols.
Svo. See RIPLEY, GEORGE.
Dana, E. Geographical Sketches of the Western
Country: for Emigrants and Settlers, Cin., 1819, 12mo.
Dana, Francis, LL.D., d. 1811, aged 68, Chief Jus-
tice of Massachusetts, was a descendant of Richard Dana,
Francis Dana was
who died at Cambridge about 1695.
envoy to Russia during the American Revolution, a mem-
ber of Congress, and of the Massachusetts Convention for
adopting the national Constitution. In politics he was a
decided and energetic Federalist. His Correspondence
whilst in Europe will be found in Sparks's Diplomatic Cor-
respondence, vol. viii. We shall hereafter have occasion
to notice the literary productions of Judge Dana's distin-
Da-guished son, RICHARD H. DANA.
Dana, James, D.D., d. 1812, aged 77, a minister of
of Edwards's Inquiry on the Freedom of the Will, Boston,
New Haven, was a native of Massachusetts. Examination
1770, Svo. Anon. The Examination Continued, New Ha-
ven, 1773; with his name-3 Serms. in Amer. Preacher,
vol. i and iii. Serms., 1763, 64, '67, '70, '74, '90, 91, 92,
'94, 95, 1801, '05, '06. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.
Dana, Professor James Dwight, b. 1813, at Utica,
New York, is a son of James Dana. 1. A System of Mine-
ralogy. 1st edit., New Haven. 1837, Svo, pp. 572; 2d edit.,
N. York, 1844, pp. 634; 3d edit., 1850, pp. 712; 4th edit.,
1854. 2 vols., pp. 320 and 354 ; 5th ed., 1858, Svo.
Damer, Hon. Mrs. Diary of her Tour in Greece,
Turkey, Egypt, and the Holy Land, Lon., 2 vols. p. Svo,
1841, '42.
"It is not easy to name another Voyager who has given more
useful information to the World. and to whom the Merchant aud
Marine are so much indebted."-BURNEY.
Unequalled as an observer, and gifted with the most remark.
able powers of description.”
-
Dan, Archdeacon. Discourse of the Army of the
King of Spain, assembled at Lisbon against England,
Lon., 1588, Svo.
Wo
"This work does great honour to America. and should make us
blush for the neglect in England of an important and interesting
science."-Lom. Athenæum.
|
"The Hon. Mrs. Damer, a descendant of Lady Mary Wortley
Montagu, successfully rivals her ladyship in the very features in
which she has so long been considered the most delightful of tour-
2. Manual of Mineralogy, New Haven, 1849. 12mo;
1851, pp. 432. 3. Report on Zoophytes; United States
1851, pp. 432.
Exploring Expedition under Commander Charles Wilkes,
U.S.N., pp. 740, 4to, with an Atlas in folio, of 61 plates,
Phila.. 1846. Report on Geology, (Ibid,) pp. 756, 4to, with
an Atlas in folio of 21 plates, New York, 1849. Report on
Crustacea, 2 vols. 4to, pp. 1620, with an Atlas in folio of
96 plates, 1852. Mr. Dana has been since 1846 one of the
editors of The American Journal of Science, and to this pe-
riodical and the proceedings of the following learned bodies
Ists. Such pictures of Turkish private life as are here given, it is
vain to look for elsewhere."—Lon. New Monthly Mag.
"Information that cannot but be considered of unrivalled inter-
est in every part of the Christian world."-Lon. Sun.
Damets, Dr. Juan. Hist. of the Baliarick Islands, he has contributed many valuable papers: The proceedings
r Kingdom of Majorca, Lon., 1719, Svo.
Damon, Wm. See DAMAN,
Dampier, George. Cure for bites of Mad Creatures,
Phil. Trans., 1698.
Dampier, Thomas, D.D., Dean of Rochester. Serm.,
1782, 4to.
Dampier, Capt. Wm., b. 1652, a celebrated naviga-
tor, was a native of Somersetshire. A sketch of his voyages
is contained in Chalmers's Biog. Dict., and in the Biogra-
phie Universelle; but the reader should not neglect to pe-
of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia; the
Academy of Science, Boston; the Lyceum of Natural His-
tory, N. York; the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science.
Dana, Professor James Freeman, M.D., 1793–
1827, grandson of Judge Samuel Dana, and son of Luther
Lana, was Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy at Dart-
mouth College, and subsequently Professor of Chemistry
in the College of Physicians and Surgeons at New York.
Outlines of the Mineralogy and Geology of Boston and
471
DAN
DAN
its Vicinity, Boston, 1818, 8vo; written in conjunction with
his brother, Samuel L. Dana, M.D. An Epitome of Che-
mical Philosophy, 1825, 8vo. He contributed to several
journals. See Thacher's Med. Biog.; Cat. N. H. Hist.
Soc., ii. 290.
Dana, James G. Reports of Select Cases decided
in the Court of Appeals of Kentucky, 1834-40, Frankfort,
9 vols. 8vo.
Dana, Joseph, D.D., 1742-1827, a minister of Ips-
wich, Massachusetts. Discourses, 1782, '95, '99, 1800, '01,
'06. '07, '18.
|
Dana, Richard Henry, b. 1787, at Cambridge, Mas-
sachusetts, is a son of FRANCIS DANA, (v. ante,) successively
minister to Russia, member of Congress, and Chief Justice
of Massachusetts. The first of the family who settled in
America (about the middle of the 17th century) was
Richard Dana, a descendant of William Dana, Sheriff of
Middlesex during the reign of Queen Elizabeth. After a
course of three years' application to his studies at Harvard
College, he adopted the profession of the law, which he
may be said to have inherited, as his father and grand-
father, and his mother's father and grandfather, were all
gentlemen of the long robe. Mr. Dana's health was not
robust, and this impediment to active exertion, combined
with an inclination to authorship, caused him to close his
office, and assume a portion of the mingled pleasures and
pains attendant upon a partial editorship of the North
American Review, in conjunction with his relative, Edward
T. Channing, principal manager of that excellent periodi-
cal. Whilst associate editor-or rather assistant in the
management—of the Review, he wrote a number of articles
for its pages, among the best known of which is the review
of Hazlitt's Lectures on the British Poets. We may here
We may here
remark that Mr. Dana was one of the first to oppose the
despotic sway of the great Jeffrey, who then ruled the Re-
public of Letters with a "rod of iron;"-one of the first to
claim for Wordsworth and Coleridge the tribute which has
since been so heartily accorded to them. Mr. Dana's con-
nection with the Reviewceased in 1820, and soon after his
withdrawal from the North American Club, he began The
Idle Man, of which the first volume appeared in 1821.
This volume, and one number of a second, compose the
whole series of this periodical. It was unprofitable, and
Mr. Dana did not deem it a duty to amuse and instruct the
public at his own expense. In The Idle Man appeared
Tom Thornton, a novel; his other stories, and several es-
says. In 1821 Mr. Dana contributed to The New York
Review-under the editorial care of his friend, Wm. C.
Bryant-his first poem, The Dying Raven. In 1827 he
published his most celebrated production, The Buccaneer;
some other poems were included in the same volume. In
1833 he gave to the world an edition of his Poems and
Prose Writings, including The Buccaneer and other pieces
embraced in his previous volume, with some new poems,
and his own compositions originally published in The Idle
Man. Since 1833 Mr. Dana has written but little. He
has contributed a few articles to The Literary and Theo-
logical Review, and The Spirit of the Pilgrims, and a few
poems to a magazine published under the editorial super-
intendence of the Rev. Dr. Griswold; to whose works on
American Authors we are indebted for the facts contained
in this notice.
We must not omit to notice, as among the most valuable
of Mr. Dana's contributions to the intellectual wealth of
his country, a course of ten lectures upon Shakspeare, de-
livered in the winters of 1839 and '40 in the cities of Bos-
ton, New York, and Philadelphia. Many of our readers
will remember the interest excited among the more intel-
ligent classes by these expositions of the excellencies of
the great poct of human nature under all types and in all
A collective ed. of Mr. Dana's Poems and Prose
Writings was pub. N. York, 1850, 2 vols. 12mo; and a
vol. entitled The Poetical Works of Edgar Allan Poe and
Richard H. Dana was printed by Routledge, Lon., 1857,
18mo, pp. 260. For the profit of the reader, we give some
extracts from a review of the American volumes by Mr. S.
G. Brown:
ages.
not the head.
•
elevates, and, as we may say, glorifies his writings. In the gravest
essay, no less than in the story, you fall upon some touching ex-
pression upon almost every page, to which the heart gave birth,
After these quotations it surely needs no word
of ours, as it has by no means been our object, to vindicate the
claim of the author to what the gentle Sir Philip calls 'the sacred
name of Poet.' That verdict was given long since. Accuracy of
observation, a wide and genuine sympathy, an insight into the
secret heart of things, a just judgment and ample knowledge, a
fancy to paint and an imagination to warm and enliven, an ear
for the music of language, aud a mind all aglow with the fire of
thought, attest the truth to which we must readily assent.”—
North Amer. Review, lxxii. 115.
"No one can rise from even a rapid perusal, without a fresh im-
pulse towards the noblest objects of life; no one can become familiar
with them without being unconsciously led to a habit of serious
thought, and finding his best affections most cherished, and his
sympathies with the beautiful, the good, and the true, enlarged
and strengthened. . . . An exquisite and indescribable delicacy
and gentleness of spirit pervades every page, and beautifully tinges
the thoughts which another would have expressed, if at all. with
a glaring obtrusiveness. . . .
¦
The special power of the imagination,
impenetrated. warmed, and directed by the affections, gives a pe-
culiar and inimitable vitality to the style; and perhaps there is no
single quality of Mr. Dana's mind which so strongly individualiz.s,
The reader must not fail to peruse a notice of The Buc
caneer in Blackwood's Magazine, (xxxvii. 419, 1835,) whic
the famous reviewer introduces, and treats throughout in
his own inimitable style:
which some consummate villain has stolen from us—with The Buc
"We remember some years ago having been greatly struck, in
Specimens of the American Poets-a Collection in three volumes,
caneer, by Richard II. Dana. It is included in this volume, [Selec-
tions from the American Poets, Dublin, 1834, 12mo,] and we pro-
nounce it by far the most powerful and original of American poet-
though he has made it his own too-is coloured by that of Crabbe,
ical compositions. The power is Mr. Dana's own; but the style-
of Wordsworth, and of Coleridge. He is no servile follower of those
great masters, but his genius has been inspired by theirs-and he
almost places himself on a level with them by this extraordinary
story-we mean on the level on which they stand in such poems
as the Old Grimes of Crabbe, the Peter Bell of Wordsworth, and
the Ancient Mariner of Coleridge. The Buccaneer is not equal to
any one of them, but it belongs to the same class, and shows much
of the same power in the delineations of the mysterious workings
of the passions and the imagination. The opening is very beau-
tiful... . In our abridgment the Tale has seemed almost all one
uninterrupted series of guilt and misery; but sweet and soothing
imagery is sometimes very skilfully introduced for relief's sake,
and sometimes, too, touches of tenderness that may awaken tears."
-CHRISTOPHER NORTH.
A notice of Mr. Dana's Thoughts on the Soul, by F. W.
P. Greenwood, will be found in the North American Re-
view, xxx. 274: We quote a few lines:
"
The poet's Thoughts on the Soul are evidently the breathings
of his own soul; and his words flow out warmly from his own
heart. There is a serious and earnest individuality about Mr. Da-
na's muse, which forbids the suspicion that she can be playing a
part, or that she is in any degree otherwise than what she seems.
The love which she demands is respectful love, the homage which
is rendered to the beauty of holiness."
Dr. Griswold also notices this marked individuality,
which is so striking a characteristic of Mr. Dana's compo
sitions:
"The strength of Mr. Dana lies very much in the union of sen-
timent with imagination, or perhaps in an ascendency of sentimeut
over his other faculties. It is this which makes every character
of his so actual, as if be entered into each with his own conscience,
and in himself suffered the victories over the will, and the remorse
which follows them. There are beautiful touches of fancy in his
tales, but as in his poems, the fancy is inferior and subject to the
imagination."
Exam., XV., (C. C. Felton,) xlviii., (E. P. Whipple :) Amer.
See also N. Amer. Rev., vol. v., (Wm. C. Bryant;) Chris.
Whig Rev., v., (Wm. A. Jones;) Amer. Quar. Obs., ii.,
(E. C. Tracy) Lit. and Theol. Rev., (Neh. Adams;)
Amer. Quar. Rev., iii.; Amer. Month. Rev., iv.; N. Eng.
Mag., v.; N. Englander, ix.; Knicker., xxxviii.; Phila.
Mus., xxvi.
I
"The Idle Man, which came out in numbers in 1821, '22, not-
look upon as holding a place among the first productions of Ame
withstanding the cold reception it met with from the public, we
rican literature. It will be referred to hereafter, we doubt not,
as standing apart from the crowd of contemporary writings, and
distinguished by a character of thought and expression peculiarly:
its own. One reason why it took so little at its first appearance,
was probably the hardihood with which its author slighted the
usual arts of attracting the public attention, and conciliating the
public favour. It was not a work that reflected the passing image
of the day: and the author adopted no fashionable modes of ex-
pression, submitted to no fashionable canons of criticism, copied
no popular author, and intimated no consent to favourite opinions.
the permanent qualities of literature, and his work is one which
le seems to have fixed his attention upon what he thought
will be read a century hence, as at the present time.... The style
of The Idle Man is genuine mother English, formed from a study
of the elder authors of the language, with now and then a collo-
quial expression of the humblest kind, elevated into unexpected
excite the distaste of the admirers of a stately or a modernized dic-
dignity, or an obsolete word or phrase revived, as if on purpose to
tion. It is free from all commonplace ornaments. from all that
multitude of stock metaphors and illustrations which have an-
swered the uses of authors from time immemorial. Add to this
that the speculations of the author were as much his own as his
style. An original turn of thinking is not the surest passport to
immediate popularity. It is much easier, and sometimes, much
safer, to follow one who thinks in the common track. . . . We like
this work (The Buccaneer and other Poems, Boston, 1827, 8vo, pp.
113] the better, perhaps, because some of its merits are of a kind
not common in modern poetry. It is simple and severe in its style,
and free from that perpetual desire to be glittering and imaginative,
which dresses up every idea that occurs in the same allowance of
figures of speech. As to what is called ambition of style, the work
172
DAN
DAN
does not contain a particle of it: if the sentiment or image pre- Dancer, John. Plato and Aristotle, Lon., 1672 12mo;
sented to the reader's minc: be of itself calculated to make an im- Nicomede, a Tragi-Comedy, 1671; Agrippa, 1675, s. fol.;
pression, it is allowed to do so, by being given in the most direct
all from the French. With Nicomede will be found a Cata-
and forcible language; if otherwise, no pains are taken to make it
pass for more than it is worth. There is even an occasional home-logue of all the English Stage Plays printed till this pre-
liness of expression which does not strike us agreeably, and a few sent year, 1671. Dancer trans. Amynta, a Play from Tasso.
passages are liable to the charge of harshness and abruptness. Yet, All of his trans. are scarce.
altogether, there is power put forth in this little volume, strength
of pathos, talent at description. and command of language. There
is the same propensity as was exhibited in The Idle Man to deal
with strong and gloomy passions, with regret, remorse, fear, and
despair, with feelings over which present events have no control
except to exaggerate them, and which look steadily back to the
unalterable past or forward to the mysterious future."-Wx. C.
BRYANT: N. Amer. Rev.. xxvi. 239.
Dancer, Thomas. Med. and botanical works, 1781-
1806.
Dancy, Mrs. Elizabeth, b. 1509, second daughter
of Sir Thomas More, was a correspondent of Erasmus, who
praises her for "her pure Latin style, and genteel way of
writing." See Ballard's Memoirs of British Ladies.
Dane, John, D.D. Serms., 1705, '10, '11, '12.
Dane, Nathan, d. 1834, aged 82, a native of Ipswich,
Massachusetts, founded in 1829 the Law Professorship
which bears his name at Harvard University. Abridg
ment and Digest of American Law, with Notes and Com-
ments, Boston, 1823, 9 vols. 8vo. Appendix to ditto,
1830, 8vo.
Dana, Richard Henry, Jr., son of the preceding,
and a distinguished member of the Boston Bar, is known as
the author of Two Years before the Mast, N.Y.. 1840, 24mo.
"This is, in many respects, a remarkable book. It is a success
ful attempt to describe a class of men, and a course of life. which,
though familiarly spoken of by most people, and considered as
within the limits of civilization, will appear to them now almost
as just discovered. To find a new subject in so old a sphere of
huinanity is something; and scarcely second to this are the spirit
and skill with which it s handled. It seems as if the writer must
have been favoured with a special gift for his novel enterprise.
The style we had never thought of as a distinct thing, till we
began to prepare this notice; and, no doubt, because it calls for no
separate remark, and is content with doing its work. It is plain,
straightforward and manly, never swollen for effect, or kept down
from apprehension. There is no appearance of seeking for words;
but those that will best answer the purpose come and fall into
their proper places of their own will; so that, whatever the transi-
tions may be, the composition flows on with natural, stream-like
varieties, while we partake of the changing influences without a
word of comment, and probably with little consciousness. This,
we suppose, is the perfection of style, so far as impression is con-
cerned; and to some extent it will always be found in an intelli-
gent writer, who, without thinking much of himself, or of making
a sensation, says honestly how things were, and how they affected
him. We must not, however, attribute too much to sincerity, or
even to intelligence. Where language is employed with singular
fitness and ease, a writer must be deep in the secret of its power,
though at little troulde in managing it."-E. T. CHANNING: North
Amer. Rev., lii. 56. See also Chris. Exam., vol. xxix.; Dem. Rev.,
viii. N. York Rev., vii.
•
We add a few lines from a transatlantic critic:
"This is an exceedingly interesting narrative, depicting, in its
true colours, what is the real life of a sailor before the mast. It is
the only work that has yet appeared from the pen of one whose
personal experience has enabled him to set forth to the public what
are the thoughts, feelings, enjoyments, and sufferings of our sea-
men; and Mr. Dana, the author of it, has been most successful in
his delineation of them. We strongly recommend this book to the
attention of the Tars of Old England, as being one which will afford
them both amusement and instruction. The fine tone of manly
feeling and tender sympathy which runs throughout the whole of
it, will not only suggest to them how they may make themselves
happy in their condition of life, but how they may encounter and
overcome the many troubles and trials to which their hardy pro-
fession is necessarily exposed. We hope to hear that every sailor,
from the cabin-boy to the captain, has procured for himself a copy
of it. We are sure one perusal of it will amply repay him both
the expense and time taken up in it.
"We understand from competent judges-from seamen themselves
-that it is the only book that has yet appeared which gives any
real idea of the life of a sailor. Captain Marryat's novels do not
depict what life on board ship is. Much of what is reported in
them to have passed in conversation was never spoken, and never
had existence but in the fertile imagination of the novelist: it is,
in short, as far different from the real life and character of the
sailor, as it possibly can be; and those who want to see what is the
true character of the man on board ship, have yet to peruse the
work of this estimable young man. It is, in fact, a voice from the
common sailor,-a true picture of his thoughts, feelings, the fore-
castle-a faithful simple record of the every-day duty of enjoyments
and sufferings.”
Mr. Dana has also published The Seaman's Friend, con-
taining a Treatise on Practical Seamanship, with plates, a
Dictionary of Sea Terms, Customs and Usages of the Mer-
chant Service, 1841, 12mo; Lon., 1856, p. Svo. Edited Wash-
ington Allston's Lects. on Art, and Poems. N. Y., 1850, 12mo.
Dana, Samuel L., M.D. Treatise on Diseases, 8vo.
Essay on Manures, N. York, 1850, 12mo. Muck Manual
for Manures, Lowell, 1851, 12mo. See DANA, JAMES FREE-
MAN, M.D.
Danby, Thomas Osborne, Earl of, subsequently
Duke of Leeds. Copies and Extracts of some Letters writ-
ten to and from the Earl of Danby, 1676-78, with particu-
lar Remarks upon some of them, Lon., 1710, Svo. Pub.
by his Grace's direction to exculpate himself from the
charges laid against him in Parliament in 1678. See Ar-
guments in the Court of King's Bench on his Motion for
Bail, 1682, fol.; Memoirs relating to his impeachment,
1711, 8vo.
Dance, George, d. 1824. A Collection of 72 Por-
traits from Life, engraved by Wm. Daniel, Lon., 1808-14,
12 Nos. 2 vols fol.
Dancer. History of the Civil Wars of Great Britain
and Ireland, 1661, fol.
and his illustrations cannot fail to assist such as seek for aid in
"His comments exhibit various learning and close reflection,
those obscure parts of the law which perplex by their intricacy
and equivocal direction."
"Although the Abridgment is a work of great labour, and an ac-
yet it has never been a great favourite with the profession, from
knowledged monument of its author's industry. care, and accuracy,
the want of method which pervades the entire work. It was valu-
able when first published, but is now nearly superseded as a book
of reference, and no one thinks of reading it as an elementary trea-
tise. Its immethodical plan and the natural changes and progress
half-century's toil of a learned jurist and a true philanthropist."-
of American jurisprudence have almost consigned to oblivion the
Marvin's Legal Bibl., 252; 4 Amer. Jurist, lxiii. 411; (9) 411.
"A liberal and learned profession will hold in high estimation
the labours of this eminent civilian and lawyer, who, for half a
century. has made American jurisprudence and American institu-
tions his peculiar study; and every lawyer, instead of feeling re-
gret for deficiencies, ought to be animated with sincere gratification
for what has been accomplished."—North American Review, xxiii.
1, 1826.
When we add to the above tribute a consideration of the
benefits which have resulted from the Dane Law School
and Dane Professorship, which has been dignified by the
learning of a Story, a Greenleaf, and a Parsons-we feel
authorized in claiming for Nathan Dane a prominent place
in the first rank of American philanthropists. It were
easy to add to the catalogue of Mr. Dane's claims to the
respectful remembrance of his countrymen.
Danes, John. A Light to Lilie; or the Latin Tongue,
Lon.,1631,Svo. Paralipomena, Orthographiæ, &c., 1638, 4to.
Danett, Thos. Historie of France, from the death
of Charles Sth till the death of Henry 2d, 1600, 4to. The
Description of the Low Countreys; an Epitome out of
Guicchardini, 1593, Svo.
Danforth, John, 1660-1730, a minister of Dorchester,
Mass. Serms., 1697, 1710, '16, &c. Poems, 1727, &c.
Danforth, Samuel, 1626-1674, a minister of Rox-
bury, Mass., father of the preceding, was a native of Eng-
land. Astronom. descrip. of the late Comet, Camb., New
Eng., 1665, 66, 8vo. Serms., 1670, &c.
1714.
Danforth, Samuel, 1666-1727, a minister of Taun-
ton, Mass., son of the preceding. Eulogy, 1713. Serm.,
He left in MS. an Indian Dictionary, a part of which
is now in the library of the Mass. Historical Society.
Danforth, Thos. Theory of Chimnies, 1796, Svo.
Dangerfield, J. Short-hand, Chelsea, 1814, 8vo.
Dangerfield, Thos. Theolog. treatises, &c., 1679-85.
Daniel, George. The Times; or the Prophecy, Lon.,
1812, Svo: 2d edit., 1813. Miscellaneous Poems, 1812, 8vo.
Daniel, George. Modern Dunciad, Virgil in Lon-
don, and other Poems, Lon., 1835, p. Svo.
"This modern Pope, whoever he be, has produced a Dunciad,
which the stinging bard of Twickenham would not be ashamed
to own. The bard spares neither poet nor courtier; and in the
office of a satirist, he speaks with the boldness of Juvenal."-Lon
Monthly Review.
The Missionary, a Poem, 1847, sm. 4to. Merrie Englanu
in the Olden Time, 1842, 2 vols. p. 8vo. This is an in-
structive and amusing volume. The good-humoured anti-
quary is no ignoble philanthropist. Democritus in London,
&c., 1852, p. 8vo.
Daniel, Godfrey. The Christian Doctrine, in six
principles, Dubl., 1652, Svo. In English and Irish.
Daniel, John. Comfort against all kinde of Calami-
tie, Lon., 1576, Svo. This is a trans. from the Spanish of
Perez.
Daniel, John. The Jewish Unction, Lon., 1651, 12mo.
Daniel, John. Life and Adventures of, Lon., 1751,
12mo. Written in imitation of Peter Wilkins.
Daniel, Rev. John. Ecclesiastical History of the
Britons and Saxons, 1815, Svo.
473
DAN
DAN
Daniel, Mrs. Mackenzie. The Poor Cousin, 1846,
3 vols. p. 8vo. My Sister Minnie, Lon., 1848, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
Georgina Hammond, 1849, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Other works.
"Amongst our novelists we have no more pure, agreeable, and
genial writer than Mrs. Mackenzie Daniel. Georgina Hammond
is certain to become one of the standard novels in the language,
and to be read over and over again.-portraying, with a graphic
pencil, the manners, thoughts. customs. and feelings prevailing at
this moment among large classes of the English people."-Lon.
Morning Herald.
Daniel, Richard. A Copy Book, Lon., 1661, fol.
Daniel, Richard. A Poem, Lon., 1714, fol.
Daniel, Richard, Dean of Armagh. A Paraphrase
on some Select Psalms, Lon.,1722, Svo.
"One whose memory will ever be fresh in the minds of those who
favour history or poetry. But however his Genius was quali-
fied for Poetry. I take his History of England to be the Crown of
all his Works."-Langbaine's Dramatick Poets. 1691.
Daniel, Samuel, 1562-1619, a poet and historian,
was a native of Taunton, Somersetshire. He was educated
at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, and was subsequently tutor to
the celebrated Anne Clifford, daughter of George, Earl of
Cumberland, and afterwards Countess of Pembroke. Of
his personal history but few records have descended to
posterity, and later researches have rendered even these
questionable. That he was a great favourite with his con-
temporaries, we have ample evidence. For some years he
resided in a small house in the parish of St. Luke's, Lon-
don, associated with Shakspeare, Marlowe, Chapman, and
others, and towards the close of his life retired to a farm
at Beckington near Philips-Norton, in Somersetshire. Dis-
course of Rare Inventions; a trans. from Paulus Jovius,
Lon., 1585, 8vo. Delia; contayning certayne sonnets, 1592,
4to. Delia and Rosamond augmented, 1594, 4to. The
Tragedie of Cleopatra, 1594, 4to. Historie of the Ciuile
Warres betweene the Houses of York and Lancaster, 1595,
4to; in verse. Octavia to Antoninus, 1599, Svo. Mvso-
philys, 1599, 4to. Epistles, 1601, 4to. Poems, 1602, fol.
Certaine small poems, with the tragedy of Philotus, 1605,-Brit. Critic.
/
Svo. Defence of Ryme against Thomas Campion, 1603,
8vo. A Panegyrike, 1628, 4to. Twelve Goddesses, 1604,
Svo. The Qvcenes Arcadia; a Pastorall Trage-Comedie,
1605, 4to. Tethy's Festival, 1610, 4to. The History of
England; Part 1, reaching to the end of K. Stephen's reign;
in prose, 1613, 4to. Part 2, reaching to the end of the
reign of K. Edw. III., 1618, '21, '23, '34, fol. Continued
Continued
to the end of K. Rich. III., by John Russell; to which is
added Lord Bacon's Life of Henry VII., Lon., 1621, '50.
To which is added Hist. of Eng. to the end of Henry VI.
See Kennett's Hist. Certaine small Workes heretofore di-
vulged, 1611, 12mo. Poem on the Death of the Earl of
Poem on the Death of the Earl of
Devon, 1623, 4to. Plays and Poems, 1623, 4to. Hymen's
Triumph, 1623, 4to. Collections of the Hist. of Eng. to
the end of Henry III., 1626, fol. Whole Workes, in Poetry,
1601, fol., 1623, 4to. Pub. by the Author's brother. Bibl.
Anglo-Poet., £4 148. 6d. Works, 1631, fol. Poetical Works,
with Mem. of his Life and Writings, 1718, 2 vols. 12mo.
The works of Samuel Daniel containe somewhat a flat, yet
withal a very pure and copious, English, and words as warrantable
as any man's, and fitter perhaps for prose than measure.”—Bolton.
"For sweetness and rhyming, second to none."-DRUMMOND.
Gabriel Harvey, in his Foure Letters and Certaine Son-
nets, praises our author for his efforts to enrich and polish
his native tongue.
...
•
There is reason
the prototype of Shakspeare's amatory verse..
to suppose that none of Shakspeare's sonnets were written before
the appearance of Daniel's Delia. . . . There is also in Daniel much
of that tissue of abstract thought, and that reiteration of words,
which so remarkably distinguish the sonnets of our bard.
"Though very rarely sublime. he has skill in the pathetic; and
his pages are disgraced with neither pedantry nor conceit. We find,
both in his poetry and prose, such a legitimate and rational flow
of language as approaches nearer the style of the 18th than the
16th century, and of which we may safely assert. that it never will
become obsolete. . . . In his Complaint of Cleopatra he has caught
Ovid's manner very happily.”—HEADLEY.
66
"Sound morality, prudential wisdom, and occasional touches of
the pathetic, delivered in a style of then unequalled chastity and
perspicuity, will be recognised throughout his work, [The Civil
Wars between the two IIouses of Lancaster and York ;] but neither
warmth, passion, nor sublimity, nor the most distant trace of en-
thusiasm, can be found to animate the mass. . . . But these histo-
rians [Raleigh, Hayward, Knolles, and Lord Bacon] are excelled,
in purity of style and perspicuity of narration, by Daniel, whose
History of England, closing with the reign of Edward the Third,
is a production which reflects great credit on the age in which it is
written.”—Drake's Shakspeare and his Times.
The character of Daniel's genius seems to be propriety, rather
than elevation. His language is generally pure and harmonious;
and his reflections are just. But his thoughts are too abstract,
and appeal rather to the understanding than to the imagination
or the heart; and he wanted the fire necessary to the loftier flights
of poetry."-Sir Egerton BRYDGES,
"If we revert to the sonnets of Daniel which were published in
1592, we shall there find, as Mr. Malone had previously remarked,
""
Certainly Daniel succeeded better as a prose historian
than as a poetical annalist. Drayton speaks of him as
…too much historian in verse.
His rimes were smooth, his metres well did close;
But yet his manner better fitted prose.
"It is the chief praise of Daniel, and must have contributed to
what popularity he enjoyed in his own age, that his English is
eminently pure, free from affectation and archaism, and from pe
dantic innovation, with very little that is now obsolete.”—Hol-
lam's Introduc. to the Lit. of Europe.
Read a review of Daniel's poems in the Retrospectivo
Review, viii. 227, Lon., 1823.
Daniel, Samuel. Archiepiscopal Priority instituted
by Christ, 1642, 4to.
Daniel, Samuel, M.D. Dissertatio de Ictero, 1776,8vo.
Daniel, T. British Customs of the Excise, Lon.,
1752, fol.
Daniel, Wm. Journal of his Expedition from Lon-
don to Surat in India, Lon., 1702, 8vo.
Daniel, Wm. Treatise on Perspective, 1807, 12mo.
"Well calculated to answer the end for which it was designed."
Daniel, Rev. Wm. B. Rural Sports or Treatises
on Hunting, Hawking, Shooting, Angling, Fowling, &c.,
Lon., 1801, '02, 2 vols. 4to. Other edits., 1801, 5 vols. 8vo;
1805, 3 vols. imp. 4to; 1812, 3 vols. r. Svo, and large paper
in 4to; Supplement, 1813, r. Svo, 4to, and imp. 4to.
gravings, principally by Scott. The value of this splendid
publication is well known.
En-
Daniell, E. R. 1. Practical Observations on the New
Orders for the reg. of the Prac. and Proceed. of the Ct. of
Chancery, Lon., 1841, Svo. 2. Considerations on Reform
in Chancery, Lon., 1842, Svo. 3. Reports of Cases argued
and determined on the Equity side of the Ct. of Exchequer,
1817-20 inclusive, Lon., 1824, 8vo.
High Ct. of Chancery; 2d ed. by T. E. Headlam, Lon.,
1845, 2 vols. 8vo; 1st Amer. edit. by J. C. Perkins, Boston,
1845, 3 vols. 8vo; and 2d Amer. edit. Supplement to Da-
niell's Chancery Practice, by T. E. Headlam, Lon.,1851,8vo.
4. Practice of the
"The universal opinion of the Profession has stamped upon Mr.
Daniell's book a high character for usefulness and general accuracy.
It has become. in fact, the manual of the Chancery Practitioner."
-Lon. Law Mag.
"We have no hesitation in declaring that this is the most able
work which has ever been written on the Practice of the Court of
Chancery."-Lm. Jurist.
"Undoubtedly a very valuable book."-HON. ROGER B. TANEY,
Chief Justice of the United States.
"I regard the work as alike desirable to the student, the Prac
titioner, and the Judge, and should consider no Equity Library
complete without it."-IION. EDWARD KING, late Pres. Judge Phila.
Ct. of Common Pleas.
"His father was a master of musick; and his harmonious mind
made an impression on his son's genius, who proved an exquisite
poet. He carried in his Christian and surname, two holy prophets,HON,
his monitors so to qualify his raptures, that he abhorred all pro- of Penna.
phaneness. He was also a judicious historian. witness his lives of
our English Kings since the conquest until Edward III., wherein
he hath the happiness to reconcile brevity with clearness, qualities
of great distance in other authors. . . In his old age he turned
husbandman, and rented a farm in Wiltshire, nigh the Devizes.
I can give no account how he thrived thereupon. For though he
was well versed in Virgil, his fellow-husbandman-poet, yet there
is more required to make a rich farmer. than only to say his Georgics
by heart; and I question whether his Italian will fit our English
husbandry. Besides, I suspect that Mr. Daniel's fancy was too fine
and sublimated to be wrought down to his private profit.”—Fuller's
Worthies.
"Daniell's Chancery Practice is, perhaps, the most elaborate,
complete. and satisfactory treatise on the subject that has appeared."
JOHN B. GIBSON, late Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
Daniell, John Frederick, D.C.L., 1790-1845, b. in
London. He was a pupil of Prof. Brande, and in 1816, in
connexion with him, he commenced the Quarterly Journal
of Science and Art, the first twenty vols. of which were pub.
under their joint superintendence. In 1823 appeared the
1st ed. of his great work, entitled Meteorological Essays;
2d ed., 1827; 3d ed., 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. He was engaged
in revising the proofs of the 3d ed. at the time of his death.
"This was the first synthetic attempt to explain the general
principles of meteorology by the known laws which regulate the
temperature and constitution of gases and vapours, and in which
the scattered observations and isolated phenomena presented by
the earth's atmosphere were considered in their most extensive
und general bearings.”—Knight's Eng. Cyc.
Introduction to Chemical Philosophy, 1839, Svo; 2d ed.,
1843, 8vo.
Mr. Daniell takes rank as one of the most distinguished
scientific men of the nineteenth century. He is the only
individual on whom all the three medals in the gift of the
Royal Society were bestowed. For a very carefully-pre-
pared biographical sketch of Mr. D., and a list of his
valuable contributions to various scientific journals, sea
Knight's Eng. Cyc., Div. Biog., vol. ii.
474
DAN
DAR
Daniell, Saml. African Scenery and Animals, Lon.,
1808, fol. Do. &c. of Ceylon, 1808, fol. Do. &c. of Southern
Africa; engraved by Wm. Daniell, 1820, r. 4to. Views
near the Cape of Good Hope, No. 1, 1804.
Daniell, Thomas, 1750-1840, uncle of the follow-
ing, a distinguished painter of Oriental scenery, animals,
&c. See Bohn's Cat., Lon., 1841, and the following article.
Daniell, William Daniell, R. A., 1769-1837,
painter and engraver. At the age of fourteen he accom-
panied his uncle, Thomas Daniell, to India. They spent
ten years in sketching the magnificent scenery from Cape
Comorin to the Himalaya Mountains. Many of their
drawings were afterwards engraved and pub., the original
ed. of which-Oriental Scenery and Antiquities, elephant
folio size, 6 vols. (150 views)-was completed in 1808, and
pub. at Two Hundred and Ten Pounds, (£210.) The 6th
vol. was exccuted by Thomas Daniell. The coppers were
destroyed. He also engraved and pub. Picturesque Voyage
to India; Zoography, in conjunction with Mr. W. Wood;
Animated Nature, 2 vols.; The Docks, a Series of Illustra-
tions; The Hunchback, after R. Smirke, R.A. From 1814
to '25 he was chiefly engaged in a work of extraordinary
labour, entitled a Voyage Round Great Britain.
He was
the chief contributor to the Oriental Annual. See H. G.,
Bohn's Guinea Cat., Lon., 1841.
Danis, H. H. Exercises on the Anabasis of Xeno-
phon, Lon., 12mo.
Dannett, Rev. H. Slave-Trade, Lon., 1788, 8vo.
Danniston, Gual. Psalmi Davidici, 8vo.
Dannye, Robert, D.D. Serm., York, 1718, 4to.
Dansey, Rev. J. C. Hist. of the English Crusaders,
Lon., 1850, imp. 4to. Of this beautiful work only 40 copies
were printed for sale, at £3 134. 6d. It is executed entirely,
on stone, in the black letter, with 31 plates, &c.
Dansey, Rev. Wm. Arrian on Coursing: The Cyne-
geticus of the Younger Xenophon, &c., and an Appendix
rel. to the Canes Venatici of Classical Antiquity, 1831,
imp. Svo.
A most complete and almost inexhaustible fund of amusing,
interesting, practical, and instructive information on the subject."
-Thacker on Cursing.
Hora Decanica Rurales, or a Hist. of Rural Deans,
1835, 2 vols. sm. 4to; 1844.
"Abounding in solid ecclesiastical and antiquarian views."-
ARCHDEACON Goddard.
Dansie, John. Mathemat. Manual, Lon., 1627, 12mo.
Danson, F. M., and Lloyd, J. H. Reports of Cases
rel. to Commerce, Manufac., &c. in Cts. C. L.,Lon., 1830,Svo.
Danson, J. F., and G. D. Dempsey. The Inven-
tor's Manual; a Treatise of the Law of Patents, Lon.,
1843, 8vo.
"This is a useful manual."-Legal Observer.
See CURTIS, GEORGE TICKNOR.
Danson, Thos. Works agst. Quakers, &c., Lon.,
1659-94.
!
!
tor, and was a native of Lynn Regis, N rfolk, England.
Much of what might otherwise have been said here relative
to the brilliant and intellectual circle in which Fanny Bur-
ney moved from her childhood has been anticipated in our
article upon Dr. Burney. We may add that the circum-
stances attendant upon the composition and anonymous
publication of Evelina are too well known to claim repeti-
tion. The oft-told story was never so well told as by the
authoress herself, in her avowal to George III. Some doubt
has been expressed relative to the early date at which it is
asserted Evelina was composed. It certainly was not given
to the world until 1778, when Fanny was about twenty-six.
Had the work, or the greater portion of it, been lying in
MS. for nine years? Evelina was sold for £20; but this
was a small part only of the young lady's reward.
"Evelina seems a work that should result from long experience.
and deep and intimate knowledge of the world: yet it has beeu
written without either. Miss Burney is a real wonder. What she
is, she is intuitively. Dr. Burney told me she had the fewest ad-
vantages of any of his daughters, from some peculiar circumstances.
And such has been her timidity, that he himself had not any sus
picion of her powers.... Modesty with her is neither pretence
nor decorum; it is an ingredient of her nature; for she who could
part with such a work for twenty pounds, could know so little of
its worth or of her own, as to leave no possible doubt of her hu-
mility."-DR. JOHNSON.
Danverd, John. The Royal Oake,; the Travels,
Escapes, &c. of Charles II., Lon., 1660, 4to.
D'Anvers, Alicia. Academia; or the Humours of
the University of Oxford, in burlesque verse, Lon., 1691,4to.
Danvers, Arthur. Serm. on Popery, 1736, 4to.
D'Anvers, Caleb, of Gray's Inn. The Craftsman;
being a Criticism on the Hist. of the Times, Lon., 1727,
14 vols. 12mo. See BOLINGBROKE, LORD. Remarks on
the History of England, Lon., 1743, Svo.
|
D'Anvers, Henry. Works on Baptism, &c., Lon.,
1674, 75, 8vo.
Danvers, Henry. Liberty of Conscience, 1649.
Danvers, Joseph. Tipping tipt Justice, Lon., Svo.
D'Anvers, Knightly. A Genl. Abridgt. of the Com-
mon Law, alphabetically digested under proper titles, Lon.,
1705-13, 2 vols. fol.; 2d edit., 1725, 32, 37, 3 vols. fol.
This is, so far as it goes, a trans. of Rolle's Abridgt. It
is only completed to the title Extinguishment. See Pref.
to vol. xviii., Viner's Abridgt.
Danyel, John. Songs for the Lute, Viol, and Voyce,
1006.
Darbey. Vapour Bath. Med. Com., ix. 305, 1785.
Darby, John. Manual of Botany, Macon, 1841, 12mo.
Botany of the Southern States; in two parts, New York,
1855, 12mo.
Darby, Samuel. Serms., 1784, 'S6.
Darby, Wm., d. 1827. Descrip. of Louisiana, 1816,
8vo. Emigrant's Guide, 1818, Svo. Tour from New York
to Detroit, 1819. Memoir on the Geog. and Hist. of Flo-
rida. 1821. Now edit. of Brookes's Universal Gazetteer,
1823. Maps and Plans.
D'Arblay, Madame Frances, 1752-1840, was the
second daughter of CHARLES BURNEY, (q. v.) Musical Doo-
The testimony of a still more distinguished person shall
be adduced in favour of the merits of Cecilia, pub. four
years later:
Burney's Life-her appointment to the post of Second
Keeper of the Robes to Queen Charlotte. From this in-
tolerable slavery-for slavery it was, notwithstanding the
kind treatment of her royal patrons-she was relieved in
1791, and in 1793 she married a French refugee officer, the
Count D'Arblay. In 1802 she accompanied her husband to
Paris, and was obliged to remain in France-the Count hav-
in that year, and their son, the Rev. A. D'Arblay of Cam-
ing entered the army of Napoleon-until 1812. He died
den Town chapel, near London, followed his father to the
of eighty-eight, dying at Bath in 1840. Her other produc-
grave in 1832. Madame D'Arblay attained the great age
tions, which by no means fulfilled "the promise of her
spring," were Edwin and Elgitha, a Tragedy, 1795; Ca-
milla, which was pub. by subscription in 1796, and paid
her three thousand guineas; and The Wanderer, a Tale in
5 vols., 1814, for which she received £1500. She also pub.
Brief Reflections relative to the French Emigrant Clergy,
1793, Svo; and a Memoir of her father, Dr. Burney, in
!
1832, 3 vols. Svo.
I
There are few-I believe I may say fairly there are none at all
-that will not find themselves better informed concerning human
nature. and their stock of observation enriched, by reading your
Cecilia. . . . 1 might trespass upon your delicacy if I should fill my
letter to you with what I fill my conversation to others; I should
be troublesome to you alone if I should tell you all I feel and think
hensive and roble moral and the sagacious observation, that ap
on the natural vein of humour. the tender pathetic. the compre
pear quite throughout this extraordinary performance. . . . In an
age distinguished by producing extraordinary women, I hardly
dare to tell where ny opinion would place you amongst them."-
EDMUND BURKE: Leller in Miss Burney. Whitehall. July 29, 1782.
In 1786 occurred the most unfortunate event of Miss
The Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay were given
and comprehensive character of the lady's journal may be
to the world in 7 vols. p. Svo, 1842-46. The unreserved
inferred from her prologue :
To have some account of my thoughts, actions, and acquaint-
ance, when the hour arrives when time is more nimble than me-
mory, is the reason which induces me to keep a journal:—a journal
in which I shall confess every thought-shall open my whole heart."
Notwithstanding their egotism and prolixity, certainly
these volumes are among the most delightful in the lan-
guage! To the mere novel-reader they are charming; to
the student of literary history and English manners, in-
valuable. We must refer the reader to a review of this
work by T. B. Macaulay, (Edin. Rev., Jan. 1843,) and to
notices of Madame D'Arblay's writings in the London
Quarterly Review, xi. 123, lxx. 134, and in Blackwood's
Magazine, l. 784:
Miss Burney did for the English novel what Jeremy Collier did
for the English drama. She first showed that a tale might be
written in which both the fashionable and the vulgar life of London
might be exhibited with great force, and with broad comic humour,
and which yet should not contain a single line inconsistent with
rigid morality, or even with virgin delicacy. She took away thə
reproach which lay on a most useful and delightful species of com-
a fair and noble promise of letters.... Burke had sat up all night
position. She vindicated the right of her sex to an equal share in
to read her writings, and Johnson had pronounced her superior to
Fielding, when Rogers was still a schoolboy and Southey still in
Diary was kept before Madame D'Arblay became eloquent. It is,
petticoats. .. We soon discovered to our great delight that this
•
woman's English. clear, natural, and lively."-T. B. MACAULAY
for the most part, written in her earliest and best manner; in true
Edin. Review, Jan. 1843.
475
DAR
DAR
"The Diary is a work unequalled in literary and social value
by any thing else of a similar kind in the language."-Lon. Naval
ind Military Gazette.
*
This work presents an unrivalled combination of attractions.
That extraordinary man. Johnson, is painted far better than he is
by Boswell."-Court Journal.
The reviewer in the London Quarterly quite forgets his
gallantry in his disgust at Miss Fanny's egotism:
"The interest is indeed much less than we anticipated, but in
all the rest-the diffusiveness-the pomposity-the prolixity-the
false colouring-the factitious details-and. above all. the personal
affectation and vanity of the author, this book exceeds our worst
apprehensions.... We have indeed brought before us not merely
the minor notabilities of the day, but a great many persons whose
station and talents assure them an historic celebrity. ... but
when we come a little closer, and see and hear what all these emi-
nent and illustrious personages are saying and doing, we are not a
little surprised and vexed to find them a wearisome congregation
of monotonous and featureless prosers, brought together for one
single object, in which they, one and all, seem occupied, as if it
were the main business of human life-namely, the glorification
of Miss Funny Burney-her talents-her taste-her sagacity-her
wit-her manners-her temper-her delicacy-even, her beauty
and, above all, her modesty !”—Vol. lxx. 244.
Allan Cunningham's summary of the merits, and de-
merits of the author of Evelina is drawn up with his usual
taste and judgment. We must content ourselves with a
brief extract:
26
Her works are deficient in original vigour of conception, and
her characters in depth and nature. She has considered so anx-
iously the figured silks and tamboured muslins which flutter about
society, that she has made the throbbings of the hearts which they
cover a secondary consideration. . . . Fashion passes away, and
the manners of the great are unstable, but natural emotion be
longs to immortality."-Biog, and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the last
Fifty Years.
Darch, John. Sermon, 1766. 4to.
Darcie, or Darcy, Abraham. Original of Idola-
tries; a trans., 1624, 4to. Darcy "fathered this book upon
Isaac Casaubon, and was imprisoned in consequence.
" See
Fuller's Church History. Annales: The True and Royall
Hist. of Elizabeth, Queene of England, France, and Ireland,
1625, 4to.
"A translation of Camden, from the French, by Abraham Darcy,
who, according to Dr. Fuller, understood not the Latin, and has
therefore committed many mistakes."-BP. NICOLSON.
Other works.
D'Arcy, Patrick, Count, 1725-1779, a native of Gal-
loway, Ireland, served in the French army. 1. Essai sur
l'Artillerie, 1760-62. 2. Mémoire sur la Durée des Sensa-
tions de la Vue, 1765. 3. Sur la Théorie de la Lune, 1749.
4. Sur la Théorie et Pratique de l'Artillerie, 1766. 5. Nou-
velle Théorie d'Artillerie, 1766. 6. Recueil de Pièces sur
un Nouveau Fusil, 1767. He made experiments in elec-
tricity and mechanics.
"Condorcet fit son éloge à l'académie des sciences. Plusieurs
de ses écrits sont insérés dans les Memoires de l'academie des in-
scriptions."-Biographie Universelle.
Dare, Wm.
Serm. before the Freemasons, 1747, 8vo.
Darell, Lt. Col. Sketches of China, India, and the
Cape, 1853, fol.
Darell, or Darrell, John. Treatises on possession
by devils, 1600, '02, '41. A Detection of that Discours of
S. Harsnet, entitled a Discoverie of the fraudulent prac-
tices of John Darrell, 1609, 4to.
"In this treatise 'full of sound and fury.' Darrell has contrived
to render it somewhat doubtful whether he was a dupe or an im-
postor."-GIFFORD; and see Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.
Darell, John, was employed from 1615 to 1665 in the
affairs of the East Indies. East India Trade first disco-
vered by the English, Lon., 1651, 4to. Strange News from
Indies, 1652, 4to. The Second part of Amboyna, 1665, 4to.
Darell,Rev.Wm. Hist. of Dover Castle, Lon.,1786,4to.
Darker, John. A Breviary of Military Discipline,
Lon., 1692, 8vo.
Darley, George, combines two characters which are
not thought to be peculiarly compatible-mathematician
and poet. Poems. Sylvia, or the May Queen, Lon., 1827,
12mo. Familiar Astronomy, 1830, 12mo. Popular Alge-
bra, 3d edit., 1836, 12mo. Geometrical Companion, 2d edit.,
1841, 12mo. Ethelstan, a Dramatic Chronicle, 1841, 8vo.
Geometry, 5th edit., 1844, 12mo. Errors of Extasie and
Errors of Extasie and
other Poems, 8vo. Trigonometry, 3d edit., 1849, 12mo.
"No prose or poetry can be further from the sonorous school of
Addison, and nowhere can we find rhythmical cadences of greater
beauty than in some occasional passages of Darley."—A critic in
Arcturus: see Griswold's Poets and Poetry of England.
"George Darley is a true poet and excellent mathematician:
there is much compact and graceful poetry in his May Queen; and
in The Olympian Revels a dramatic freedom and fervour too sel-
dom seen in song.”—Cunningham's Biog, and Crit. Hist. of Lit. for
the last Fifty Years, 1833.
Darley, J. R. Treatise on the Dramatic Literature
of the Greeks, Lon., 1840, 8vo. Homer, with Questions,
1818, 12mo.
Darley, John. Chelsea College, Lon., 1662, 4to.
Darley, W. F. Public G. Statutes rel. to Ireland
General Orders Ct. Court of
Dubl., 1841, 5 vols. 8vo.
Chancery in Ireland, &c., 1843, 12mo.
Darling, J. J. Powers and Duties of Law Officers,
Lon., Svo. Practice of the Court of Session, Scotland, 2
vols. Svo.
Darling, James. Cyclopædia Bibliographica; A
Library Manual of Theolog. and General Literature, and
Guide for Authors, Preachers, Students, and Literary Men.
Analytical, Bibliographical, and Biographical. Vol. i.,
composed of 21 Nos., 1852-54. Vol. ii., Parts 1 to 5,
1857. We heartily recommend this truly-valuable work—
to which our pages have been frequently indebted-to
every one who possesses knowledge, and every one who
seeks it. Vol. i. contains Authors and their works, alpha-
betically arranged. In many cases the volumes are care-
fully dissected, so that the reader can see at a glance the
topics discussed, and turn at once to the portion which
contains the matter sought for. In the second volume the
"whole of the matter contained in the first is arranged
under heads or common places in scientific order, with an
Alphabetical Index, by which any subject can be readily
referred to; and all authors of any authority who havo
written on it are at once exhibited, with the titles of their
Works, Treatises, Dissertations, or Sermons, and a refer-
ence to the volumes and pages where they are to be found.”
"Mr. Darling has been an eminent theological bookseller in Lon-
don for at least forty years. He has brought all his bibliographical
knowledge to bear upon this most valuable and accurate work.
All the leading English journals, both ecclesiastical and secular,
episcopal and non-episcopal, unite in commending its plan and exe-
cution.”—T. H. HORNE, D.D., Assist. Lib. Brit. Mus., in a letter to
the author of this Dictionary, Aug. 31, 1858.
Darling, John. Carpenter's Rule, Lon., 1658, Svo.
Darling, P. M. Romance of the Highlands, 1810.
Darlington, William, M.D., LL.D., b. 1782, in Bir-
mingham township, Chester co., Penn., was brought up to
Agriculture till 18 years of age. In 1800 he commenced
the study of Medicine under Dr. John Vaughan of Wil-
mington, Del., and in 1804 he graduated M. D. in the Uni-
versity of Penn. In 1806, '07 he made a voyage to India
as ship's surgeon. During the last 40 years he has filled
several important positions of trust under the General Go-
vernment, as well as that of his native State. The degree
of LL.D. was conferred by Yale College. Dr. Darlington
has spent a long life in the pursuit of Botany, his favourite
science, in which he has obtained an enviable reputation.
The following are his principal works: 1. Mutual Influence
of Habits and Disease, 8vo, 1804-06. 2. Flora Cestrica,
1st ed., 1826; 2d, 1837; 3d, 1853. This work has been
favourably noticed by the greatest botanists of Europe.
3. Edited Reliquiæ Baldwiniæ, 1843, 8vo. 4. Agricultural
Botany, 1847. 5. Edited Memorials of John Bartram and
Humphrey Marshall, Phil., 1849, r. Svo. These works have
all been favourably reviewed in Silliman's Journal, q v.
Darnell, W. N. Sermons, Lon., 1816, 8vo.
Darracott, R. W. Sermons, 1756, 12mo.
Dart. Complaint of the Black Knight; from Chaucer,
1718, Svo.
Dart, J. H. Suggestions for a General Registry, Lon.,
1844, 8vo. Compendium of the Law and Practice of Ven-
dors and Purchasers of Real Estate, 2d edit., Lon., 1852,
8vo. Amer. edit., with copious Notes and References.
Also a Preparatory View of the Existing Law of Real Pro-
perty in England and the United States, by Thos. W. Wa.
terman, New York, 1851, 8vo.
"I have examined with attention Dart's Vendors and Purchasers
of Real Estate, edited by Mr. Waterman. It is a most excellent
practical work.”—Hon. Lewis II. SANDFORD, Judge of the Superior
Court. New York.
of Canterbury, Lon., 1726, fol.
Dart, John. Hist. and Antiq. of the Cathedral Church
Abbey Church of St. Peter's, Westm., 1723, 2 vols. fol.
of Canterbury, Lon., 1726, fol. Hist. and Antiq. of the
Darton, Nich. Christ the True Bishop, Lon., 1641, 4to.
D'Arusmont, Madame Frances, better known as
Miss Fanny Wright, d. at Cincinnati, 1852, aged 57,
made herself famous in America about 1830 by the pro-
mulgation of some foolish doctrines, which we understand
she subsequently repudiated. 1. Altorf; a Tragedy, Phila.,
1819, 8vo. 2. Views of Society and Manners in America,
&c. in 1818-20, N. York, 1821, Svo; Lou., 1821, Svo. 3.
A Few Days in Athens, Lon., 1822, 8vo.
Darwall, Mrs. E. Poems, 1794; ditto, 1811.
Darwall, John. Political Lamentations, 1777, 4to.
Darwin, Charles, 1758-1778, a son of Erasmus Dar-
win, M.D. Experiments establishing a Criterion between
Mucilaginous and Purulent Matter, &c., Lichfield, 1780,
Svo. Pub. by his father.
476
DAR
DAV
Darwin, Charles. Narrative of the 10 years' Voyage
of H. M. Ships Adventure and Beagle, Lon., 1839, 3 vols.
8vo. Vol. i. by Capt. King; ii. by Capt. Fitzroy; iii. by
Chas. Darwin, giving an account of his discoveries in Nat.
Hist., (Journal of Researches; Nat. Hist. and Geology,
1839, 8vo.)
"Mr. Darwin's Journal contains many valuable contributions to
science. I cannot help considering his voyage round the world as
one of the most important events for Geology which has occurred
for many years."-Mr. Whewell's Address to the Geolog. Soc.
Zoology of the Voy. of H. M. S. Beagle, 1832-36. Edited
and superintended by Charles Darwin, 1843, 4to. For di-
visions see Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, or the London Pub-
lisher's Cat. Geological Observations, 1842, '44, '46, 3 vols.
Svo. Voyage of a Naturalist round the World, 2d edit.,
1845, p. 8vo.
The author is a first-rate landscape painter, and the dreariest
solitudes are made to teem with interest."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
Monograph of the Family Cirripedia, 2 vols. 8vo, pub.
by the Royal Society, and distributed to the subscribers in
the years 1851 and '53.
"It has been characterised by a competent writer as one of the
most remarkable works on zoology produced during the present
century." See Knight's Eng. Cyc., and Agassiz's Bibliographia
Geologiæ et Zoologiæ.
Darwin, Erasmus, M.D., 1731-1802, was a native
of Elton, near Newark, Nottinghamshire. He studied both
at St. John's College, Cambridge, and at Edinburgh, and
having chosen the profession of medicine, practised first
at Northampton, and subsequently at Lichfield, where he
acquired a profitable practice. Being left a widower, he
was married in 1781 to Mrs. Colonel Pole, by whose in-
fluence he was induced to retire to Derby, where he died
suddenly in 1802. Dr. Darwin enjoyed considerable repu-
tation as a botanist, philosopher, and poet. Botanic Gar-
den; a Poem in two parts. Part 1 containing the Economy
of Vegetation. Part 2, The Loves of the Plants, with
Philosophical Notes, Lon., 1791, 2 vols. 4to. Part 2 had
been previously pub. anonymously at Lichfield, 1789, 4to.
"Pompous rhyme-the scenery is its sole recommendation."-
LORD BYRON.
But there must have been some merit in poetry which,
without the advantage of literary reputation, secured the
author so large a host of enthusiastic admirers. Darwin's
powers of description and of dramatic effect were undoubt-
edly great. The absence of judgment and taste is equally
clear; hence the decline of his early fame. Zoonomia, or the
Laws of Organic Life, Lon., 1794-96, 2 vols. 4to; 3d ed.,
1801, 4 vols. 8vo. This work will remind the reader of the
speculations contained in a volume which has lately excited
much attention-Vestiges of the Natural History of Crea-
tion. Darwin's fallacies-especially his theory which re-
fers instinct to sensation-have been amply exposed by
Dr. Thomas Brown, Dugald Stewart, Paley, Good, and
others. See Dr. Brown's Observations on the Zoonomia,
Edin., 1798, 8vo. Plan for the Conduct of Female Educa-
tion in Boarding Schools, Derby, 1797, 4to. Phylologia,
or the Philosophy of Agriculture and Gardening, Lon.,
1800, '01, 4to.
Dary, Michael. Mathemat. treatises, 1664, '69. '77.
Dashwood,James. The Case of the Rector of D., 1812.
Daubeny, Charles, D.D., 1744-1827, was educated
at New College, Oxford; Prebendary of Salisbury, 1784;
Archdeacon of Sarum, 1804.
Archdeacon of Sarum, 1804. A Guide to the Church; 3d
ed., Lon., 1830, r. 8vo. Appendix to do.; 3d ed., 1830, r.
8vo. Vindicia Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ, 1803, 8vo. Remarks
on the Unitarian Method of Interpreting the Scriptures,
1815, 8vo. Discourses, 1802-10, 3 vols. 8vo. Charges,
Serms., &c., 1809, '19, &c. Dr. Daubeny is said to have
been one of the contributors to the Anti-Jacobin Review.
Daubeny, Charles Giles Bridle, M.D., F.R.S.,
Prof. of Botany and Chemistry in the University of Ox-
ford. 1. Essay on the Geology and Chemical Phenomena
of Volcanoes, Oxford, 1824, 8vo. 2. Description of the
Active and Extinct Volcanoes, with Remarks on their
Origin, Lon., 1826, Svo; 2d ed., 1848, 8vo.
"One of the most useful contributions to geological science that
has yet appeared.”—Edinburgh Review.
3. Introduc. to the Atomic Theory, 1831, 8vo; with Supp.,
1840, Svo; new ed., 1850, 8vo. 4. Lects. on Agricult., 1841,
Svo. 5. Popular Geog, of Plants, square, 1855. 6. Lects. on
Roman Husbandry, Oxf., 1857, Svo. For a biog. sketch
of Dr. Daubeny and a list of his valuable contributions to
the various scientific journals, see Knight's Eng. Cyc.
Daubigny. Dissert. in Orat. Dominic., Lon., 1704, 8vo.
Dauborne, Robert. See DABORNE.
Daubuz, Charles, 1670?-1740? a French Protestant
divine, came to England on the revocation of the Edict of
Nantz, and became Vicar of Brotherton. Pro Testimonio
Flavii Josephi, de Jesu Christo, Lon., 1706, Svo. The Re-
velations literally trans. from the Greek, Lon., 1712, '20,
fol. Pub. in 1730, 4to, by Peter Lancaster, under the title
of A Perpetual Key on the Revelation of St. John. This
is the best edition. A portion of the work-A Dictionary
of Prophetic Symbols-was reprinted in 1842, Lob., Svo,
with a Memoir and Preface by Habershon.
"For understanding the prophecies, we are, in the first place, to
acquaint ourselves with the figurative language of the prophets."
-SIR ISAAC NEWTON.
"There is no commentator who can be compared with Daubnz
for the accuracy, the care, and the consistency with which he has
explained the prophetic symbols."-Illustrations of Prophecy.
Co
· An elaborate and very useful work, of which later authors
have not failed to avail themselves."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Dauby and Leng. Arithmetician, 1814, 12mo.
Daucet, N. B. Fundamental Principles of the Laws
of Canada, Montreal. 1841, Svo.
Works of Rembrandt and of his Scholars, Bol, Livens, and
Daulby, Daniel. A Descriptive Catalogue of the
Van Vliet, Liverp., 1796, Svo. A work of authority. The
preface was written by Mr. Roscoe.
State, with a Dialogue annexed, intituled Philobasilis, Lon.,
Daunce, Edward. A Briefe Discourse of the Spanish
1590, 4to.
1661, Svo.
Dauncey, John. Chronicle of Portugal, Lon.,
D'Auvergne, Edward. See AUVERGNE, D'.
of the reign of K. James VI., Lon., 1838, r. 4to.
Dauney, Wm. Ancient Scottish Melodies from a MS.
"We can now refer to an authentic National Collection of a com-
"The section on manures, or the food of plants, is the sole part
that interests the agriculturist, and it is much too refined for the
grossness of the farmer's application of the articles. No new fact
was elicited and established, but much light was cast on the pro-parative early date, in which a number of our Scottish Melodies
cesses that had been adopted."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
are to be found. and among these some of these which have been
in even a more engaging form than that under which they are
most deservedly admired. and are here presented, as we conceive,
popularly known."-Blackwood's Magazine.
Cardinal de Retz, Lon., 1774, 4 vols. 12mo.
Davall, Peter, d. 1768. Trans. of the Memoirs of
Vindication
of the New Calendar Tables and Rules, 1761, 4to. Con.
to Phil. Trans., 1728, '49, '62.
Davan,Kingsmill. Essay on the Passions, Lon., 1799.
Paris, 1606, Svo.
Davelcourt, D., a native of Scotland. L'Artillier,
The Temple of Nature, or the Origin of Society; a Poem,
with Philosophical Notes, Lon., 1803, 4to. Posthumous.
Posthumous.
Profess. con. to Med. Trans., 1785. Phil. Trans., 1757,
'60, '74, '78, '85. Poetical Works, with Philosophical Notes,
1807, 3 vols. 8vo. See Memoirs of his Life, by Anna
Seward, Lon., 1804, Svo; reviewed in Edin. Rev., iv. 230.
The reader must peruse this article, and see if he can trace
any resemblance between Dr. Darwin's school and the poem
of Universal Beauty, pub. Lon., 1735, fol. See a review of
The Temple of Nature, &c. in the same periodical, ii. 491.
"Only a few years have elapsed since the genius of the author
of The Botanic Garden first burst on the public notice in all its
splendour. The novelty of his plan-an imposing air of boldness
and originality in his poetical as well as philosophical speculations
-and a striking display of command over some of the richest
sources of poetical embellishment. were sufficient to secure to him
a large share of approbation. even from the most fastidious readers,
and much more than sufficient to attract the gaze and the indis-
criminating acclamations of a herd of admirers and imitators.
Yet, with all these pretensions to permanent fame, we are much
deceived if we have not aiready observed in that of Dr. Darwin
the visible symptoms of decay."—1803, (by T. Thomson.)
Darwin, Robert Waring, M.D., brother to the pre-
coding. Principia Botanica, or a Concise and Easy In-
troduction to the Sexual System of Linnæus, 3d ed., cor-
rected and enlarged, Lon., 1810, Svo. Profess. con. to
Mem. Med., 1792; Phil. Trans., 1786: on the Ocular Spec-
ra of Light and Colours.
of Sir William Davenant, was a Member of Parliament,
Davenant, Charles, LL.D., 1656-1714, eldest son
Inspector of Plays, a dramatic author, and a famous writer
upon political economy, politics, and trade. His Tragedy
of Circe, in which he himself performed, was written at the
lection of his works upon the subjects named above was
age of 19; pub. 1677, 4to; also in 1685 and 1703. A col-
made and revised by Sir Charles Whitworth, Lon., 1771,
5 vols. 8vo. They excited much animosity at the time
but soon gained the ear of the public. See Censura Lite-
ten any anonymous piece, he used to remark to him:
raria. When Lord Oxford suspected Swift of having writ-
This is very much in the style of Dr. Davenant.”
Respecting the merits of Davenant's writings, a wide
difference of opinion has been expressed:
"Davenant is certainly a most valuable political author and
undcubtedly a writer whose progress was more advanced thar
477
ᎠᎪᏙ
DAV
could have been expected at the time he wrote. He had access to
official information from which he derived many advantages. Ilo
possessed a very considerable command of language."-SIR JOHN
SINCLAIR,
“Admirable works; replete with curious and instructive reflec-
tions."-DUKE OF GRAFTON,
There seem to be but slender grounds for the eulogies bestowed
on his writings, or for thinking that they at all accelerated the
progress of sound commercial knowledge. They contain little that
is valuable that may not be found in the work of Sir Joshua Child.
Some detached paragraphs are exceedingly good; but the treatises
of which they form parts are remarkably inconclusive, and are for
the most part pervaded by the narrowest and most illiberal views.
There's no evidence to show that Davenant had ever reflected on
the influence of commerce in facilitating the production of wealth,
by its enabling the division of labour to be carried to the farthest
extent; that is, by its enabling the people of different countries to
apply themselves. in preference, to those employments for the pro-
secution of which they have some natural or acquired advantage."
-McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy, 1845. 352.
<.
1
Davenant, John, D.D., 1576–1641, a native of Lon-
don, was educated at, and Fellow of, Queen's College, Cam-
bridge; Lady Margaret Profess. of Divinity, 1609 Master
of his College, 1614; sent by James I. to the Synod of
Dort, 1618; Bishop of Salisbury, 1621. He incurred the
displeasure of the king by maintaining the doctrine of
predestination in a sermon preached before his majesty.
Expositio Epistolæ D. Pauli ad Colossenes, Cantab., 1627,
fol.; 3d ed., Cantab., 1639; Amst.. 1646, 4to; Groning.,
1655, 4to. This is the substance of Lectures read by the
author.
The bishop pays considerable attention to find out the literal
sense, as well as to illustrate the doctrinal and practical meaning,
of the epistle. Walch commends it; and the learned author of the
Synopsis speaks of Davenant as au interpreter far above his praise."
-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Davenant's Exposition is valuable. not as a book for continuous
pousal, but as a work of reference, in which the reader will find
most of the disputed points of the Papistical, Calvinistic, and some
minor controversies treated with great acuteness, learning, and
judgment."-Lom. Eclectic Review.
"A very excellent work, full of valuable elucidation.”—Bicker-
steth's Christian Student.
Trans. into English, with a Life of the Author and Notes,
by the Rev. Josiah Allport, Lon., 1831, '32, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Mr. Allport has conferred no small favour on biblical students
by rendering Bishop Davenant's valuable exposition accessible to
English readers.”—Horne's Bibl. Bib.
The translation not only possesses the more ordinary and abso-
lutely indispensable prerequisites of general accuracy and fidelity,
but the more rare recommendations of commendable care, propriety,
and even elegance.... A very valuable feature of the present
work is, that the edition has appended (in the form of notes) bio-
graphical sketches of the Fathers and Schoolmen, whose names so
profusely adorn the pages of Davenant. . . . His uotes contain a
great deal of curious and valuable information. The Sketch of
the Life of Davenant deserves the highest praise: it is the only
attempt that has ever been made to give any thing like a detailed
account of the history and writings of that great and good man."
-Lon. Eclectic Review.
Prælectiones, &c. de Justitia habituali et actuali altero.
Cantab., 1631, fol. Determinationes XLIX. Quæstionum,
&c., 1634, fol.
"Many debateable doctrines [in the two vols.] wisely stated."
Bickersteth's Christian Student.
Trans. of the above two vols. into English by the Rev.
Josiah Allport, Lon., 1844-46, 2 vols. Svo.
"Well calculated to meet the errors which are most prevalent at
the present time. . . . The man who will make himself master of
Davenant's arguments will find in them a sufficient safeguard
against Romanizing tendencies at any time."-Church of England
Quar. Rev.
| cially Shakespeare, who frequented his house in his journies be
tween Warwickshire and London,) was of a melancholic disposi-
tion. and was seldom or never seen to laugh, in which he was imj.
tated by none of his children but by Robert, his eldest son, after-
wards Fellow of St. John's Coll. and a venerable doct. of div. As
for William, whom we are farther to mention, and may justly stile
the sweet swan of Isis, he was educated in grammar learning un-
der Edw. Sylvester, whom I shall elsewhere mention, and in acade-
mical in Linc. Coll. under the care of Mr. Dan. Hough, in 1620, or 21,
or thereabouts, and obtained there some smattering in logic; but
his geny which was always opposite to it, lead him in the pleasant
paths of poetry, so that tho' he wanted much of university learn-
ing, yet he made as high and noble flights in the poetical faculty,
as fancy could advance, without it."-Athen. Oxon., Bliss's ed.,
ili. $02.
An Exhortation to Brotherly Communion between the
Protestant Churches, 1641, 12mo. The same in Latin,
Camb., 1640, 8vo.
“A delightful little work on this subject. Milton, Baxter, Bur-
roughes, Bishop Stillingfleet, and others wrote with the same
views.”—Bickersteth's Christian Student.
Animadversions upon a Treatise written by Mr. S. (or J.)
Hoard, entitled God's Love to Mankind, &c., Camb., 1641,
8vo. Epistola de Sacramentis, Lon.. 1649, 8vo. Disser-
tationes duæ de Morte Christi et Prædestinatione, Cantab.,
1650, fol.
"In his elaborate and very judicious treatise on the Death of
Christ, Davenant plainly shows, that while profoundly impressed
with the truth of the main doctrines of the Calvanistic school, he
was by no means the supralapsarian which many of the opposite
party have been fond of representing him. He was decidedly a
sublapsarian.”—Lon. Eclectic Review.
See an interesting account of this excellent man in Ful-
ler's Worthics.
Davenant, Sir William, 1605-1668, a native of Ox-
ford, was the son of a vintner-at least we are willing to
accept this version of his paternity. Wood gives an in-
teresting account of the household:
"His mother was a very beautiful woman, of a good wit and
conversation. in which she was imitated by none of her children,
but by this William. The father, who was a very good and discreet
citizeň, (vel en admirer and lover of plays and play-makers, espe-
478
To
On quitting college he obtained the place of page to the
in the household of Sir Fulke Greville, Lord Brooke, by
celebrated Duchess of Richmond, and subsequently resided
whose death in 1628 he was once more thrown upon his
own resources. In the same year appeared his Tragedy
of Albovine, King of the Lombards, pub. 1629, 4to.
this succeeded The Just Italian, a Play; and The Cruel
Brother, a Tragedy, both pub. 1629, 4to. The success of
these pieces, and other compositions, (see a list of his pro-
ductions in Lowndes's Bibl. Manual,) gave the author a
position among the wits of the day, and in 1637 he suc-
ceeded Ben Jonson as poet laureate. In 1641 he became
involved in the political difficulties which entangled most
of the principal men of the time. Of course he was a royal-
ist, and for his efforts on behalf of the unfortunate mon-
arch he was for some time imprisoned, and was glad to
retire to France. After a short residence abroad, he re-
lieutenant-general of the ordnance at the siege of Glouces-
turned to England, and served with the royalist forces as
ter.
At this period he was knighted by King Charles.
Again repairing to France, he was honoured with the con-
fidence of Queen Henrietta Maria, and intrusted by her
with a communication to Charles. Davenant saw no pro-
mise of brighter times at home, and therefore determined
to try his fortune in the New World. The vessel in which
he sailed with his company of mechanics and weavers was
seized by an English man-of-war, and our poetical knight
found himself for the second time a prisoner. Whilst con-
fined in Cowes Castle, he finished the first part of the poem
of Gondibert. He was now removed to the Tower of Lon-
don, and would probably have fared badly in addition to
his two years' imprisonment, had not Milton nobly exerted
himself to procure his enlargement. It is said that this
debt of gratitude was repaid at the Restoration, when Mil-
ton was beholden for his safety to the influence of his
brother poet. Davenant now employed himself in the in-
troduction of such dramatic entertainments-partaking of
the character of the opera-as the taste of the age, or the
forbearance of the rulers, rendered practicable. The re-
mainder of his life seems to have passed in the quiet en-
joyment of his literary tastes, and the admiring apprecia-
of his
was with a last
resting-place in Westminster Abbey, and the sepulchral
marble was not thought unworthy of the expressive epi-
taph which had previously been applied to his successor in
the honours of the laurel:-"0 Rare Sir William Daven-
ant" the poet would have considered as ample reward for
his literary exertions. A collective edition of his works
thor's name is best known-is a heroic poem, the events
was pub. in folio, 1672, 73. Gondibert-by which the nu-
of which are supposed to have occurred in the reign of
Aribert, King of Lombardy, 653-661. By some of the
principal poets of the day, Cowley and Waller being of the
number, it was rapturously applauded; by others it was so
warmly attacked, that the author felt it incumbent on him
to defend himself from their censures. He had no heart
to continue a theme so little appreciated, and Gondibert
Quarrels of Authors; Miscellanies in Prose by Aikin and
was left to posterity in an unfinished state. See Disraeli's
Barbauld; Retrospective Review, (Lon., 1820,) ii. 304-24:
Headley's Select Beauties; Hurd's Letters on Chivalry and
prefatory remarks to vol. iv. of Anderson's British Poets;
Romance; Biog. Brit.; Malone's History of the Stage.
Gondibert has now but few readers. The four-lined stanza
with alternate rhymes is not a favourite measure, and six
thousand lines of such, in a solid phalanx, present an ap-
pearance sufficiently formidable to repel ordinary readers.
poetry little know what they lose. With much that may
Yet those who thus neglect the bulky tomes of old English
be spared, there is much also which is admirably calculated
to charm the imagination, to delight the fancy, and to im-
prove the heart. If it were only to enjoy the exquisite
sketch of the Character and Love of Birtha, would it not
be well worth while to read the six thousand lines of Gon-
dibert? But we are extending this article unwarrantably,
DAV
DAV
|
and must conclude; not, however, without the citation of
60me opinions upon the merits of the once thrice-famed,
now little known, "Rare Sir William Davenant!"
"I found him of so quick a fancy, that nothing was proposed
to him on which he could not suddenly produce a thought ex-
tremely pleasant and surprising; and those first thoughts of his,
contrary to the old Latin proverb, were not always the least happy.
And as his fancy was quick, so likewise were the products of it ro
mote and happy. He borrowed not of any other, and his imagina-
tions were such as could not easily enter into any other man, be
stowing twice the time and labour in polishing which he used in
invention."-DRYDEN.
Dryden on other occasions expresses his obligations to
Davenant, and surely the latter had a claim upon his gra-
titude, for Dryden remarks in his preface to the Tempest,
which they had altered:
"It was originally Shakspeare's a poet for whom he had par-
ticularly a high veneration, and whom he first taught me to ad-
mire."
"Gondibert, which is rather a string of Epigrams than an Epic |
Poem, was not without its admirers, among whom were Waller and
Cowley. But the success did not answer his expectation. When
the novelty of it was over, it presently sunk into contempt; and
he at length found, that when he strayed from Homer he deviated
from nature."-GRANGER, iv. 43.
"The stanza which he has adopted is better suited to elegiac
than to heroic poetry. A beautifully descriptive passage, inter-
spersed in the course of two or three hundred lines, will not alle-
viate the tedium of the rest; as an occasional flash of lightning
cannot illuminate the continual gloominess of an extensive pros-
pect."-Knox's Essays, ii. 377.
"When a writer who is driven by so many powerful motives to
the imitation of preceding models, revolts against them all, and
determines at any rate, to be original, nothing can be expected but
an awkward straining in every thing. Improper method, forced
conceits, and affected expression, are the certain issue of such ob-
stinacy. The business is to be unlike; and this he may very pos-
sibly be. but at the expense of graceful ease and true beauty."-
Bishop Hurd's Critical Commentaries, Notes, and Dissertations, iii.
138-144.
But Mr. Headley disputes the justice of the bishop's
critique:
"After all, it seems but candid to examine every work by those
rules only which the author prescribed himself in the composing
of it: every contrary step is but trying a man of one country by
the laws of another. What right have we, therefore, to be offended
at not finding the critical acts passed by Aristotle originally, and
re-echoed by Bossu and the French critics, rigidly observed, when
it was the author's professed intention to write without them?"-
Biog. Sketches prefixed to Headley's Collection, vol. i. See Biog. Brit.
Davenant, Rev. William, drowned whilst swim-
ming, 1681, fourth son of the preceding, was educated at
Magdalen Hall, Oxford. Trans. of La Mothe le Vayer's
Animadversions on Greek and Latin Historians.
Davenport, Christopher,1598-1680, became a Fran-
ciscan, adopted the naine of Sancta Clara, and was chap-
lain to Queen Henrietta Maria. De Prædestinatione Me-
ritis, &c., Lugd., 1634, Svo. Apologia Episcoporum, 1640,
8vo. Manuale Miss. Regularium, Duaci, 1658, Svo. Sys-
tema Fidei, &c., Leodi, 1648, 4to. Vindic. of R. Catholics,
Vindic. of R. Catholics,
1659. Religio Philosophi, &c., Duaci, 1662, Svo. R. C.
Belief, 1670, Svo. Middle State of Souls. See Bishop
Heber's Life of Jeremy Taylor.
Davenport, Francis. Tides at Tonquin, Phil. Trans.,
1684.
Davenport, Humphrey. Abrigt. of Coke upon Lit-
tleton, 4th ed., Lon., 1685, 12mo. See Marvin's Leg. Bibl.
Davenport, John, 1597-1670, brother of Christopher,
emigrated to Boston in 1637, and was minister at New
Haven and at Boston. He was of great learning, piety,
and zeal. When Whalley and Goffe fled to New Haven,
he concealed them in his own house. He pub. a number
of serms., letters, &c., 1629-1637. See Athen. Oxon.;
Mather's Magnalia; Trumbull's Conn.; Hutchinson; Win-
throp.
Davenport, John. Historical Class Book, Lon.,
1839, 12mo.
Homilies, and Letters to King Arthur; all of which have
perished. See Butler's Lives of the Saints; Wharton's
Anglia Sacra; Tanner.
"One of the most useful helps to education which has fallen
under our critical cognizance."-Lon. M. Advertiser.
Lives of Eminent Men. Ali
David, Ap Gwillum, a famous Welsh bard, is noted
for having inscribed 147 poems to the fair Morvid. Such
a deluge was too much for her constancy-if indeed she
ever favoured the poet-and she was married to a soldier
named Rhys Gwgan, who had distinguished himself at the
battle of Crecy. So, in this case, the favourite maxim of
authors was disproved,-the Sword outweighed the Pen.
David's works were edited in London in 1789.
David, Ben. Theolog. Letters to Lon. Quar. Review,
1825.
David, Job. Review of Dr. Priestley's Letter to an
Antipædobaptist, 1803, 8vo.
David, M. Effect of Motion, Rest, &c., Lon., 1790, 4to.
David, Michael. Religion, &c. of J. B. Renouit,
1708, 4to.
David, R. 1. The Fast. 2. Fear of God, 1781, '82, 8vo.
Davidson. The Christian Prize; a Serm., 8vo.
Davidson, Rev. Anthony. A Sentimental Journey,
in imitation of Sterne. Serms.; in blank verse.
Davidson, Charles. Precedents in Conveyancing,
4th ed., Lon., 1852, 12mo. Common Forms in Conveyanc-
ing, 1846, r. 8vo.
Davidson, David. Thoughts on the Seasons, 1789,8vo.
Davidson, David. English Grammar, 1814, 12mo.
Davidson, David, D.D. Comment. on the Bible,
Lon., 1845, fol.; 1836-46, 3 vols. 24mo. Pocket Biblical
Dict., new ed., 1837, 24mo. Prophecy, 1839, 12mo. Con-
nec. of S. and P. Hist., 1842, 24mo.
"This work is well executed. The historical plan is clear and
unique. and the style is singularly attractive, on account of its
purity and strength."-Protestant Churchman.
Davidson, G. Bark Tree in St. Lucia, Phil. Trans.,1784.
Davidson, G. F. Trade and Travel in the East,
Lon., 1846, p. Svo.
"One of the best and most entertaining books of travels pub-
lished within the last three years."-Lon. Dispatch.
Favourably reviewed in the Edin. and Lon. Quar. Re-
views.
Davidson, Lucretia Maria, 1808-1825, a native
of Plattsburg, New York, was the daughter of a physician.
Before she was six years of age she wrote quite a number
of original poetical compositions, which were accidentally
discovered, having been carefully concealed in a closet sel-
dom visited. Her first poem which has been preserved,
was written when she was nine years old. The earliest of
her productions which has been published was written at
eleven years of age. Before she was twelve years old she
had read much of Shakspeare. Kotzebue, and Goldsmith,
many of the standard English poets, and several histo-
rians. Such remarkable precocity of course excited much
observation, and when about 16 years of age, by the kind-
ness of Mr. Moss Kent, she was placed at the excellent
seminary of Mrs. Willard, at Troy. This lady, who has
done so much to educate the female mind in America-
whose name is so familiar to many mothers who are now
communicating to their children the intellectual and moral
lessons acquired from their former preceptor-immediately
recognised the peculiar characteristics of the mind con-
fided to her guidance. She remarks:
6.
Hist. of the Bastille.
Pasha. Narrative.
Davenport, R. A. Dictionary of Biography, Lon.,
1831, 12mo.
Davenport, Richard. Con. to Amer. Phil., 1815;
Nat. Phil.
Davenport, Robert. New Tricke to cheat the Divell,
Lon., 1639, 4to. The City Night Cap, 1655, 4to. Other
dramatic pieces.
Davenport, Selina. Novels, 1814, '15.
Daventer, Henry. Midwifery Improved, 1716, Svo.
Davey, John. Obs. on Bane in Sheep, Bath, 1830, Svo.
David, St., the Patron of Wales, d. 544, was born about
the close of the 5th century. He wrote the Decrees of the
Synod of Victoria, the Rules of his Monasteries, some
She at once surprised us by the brilliancy and pathos of het
in the productions of her pencil; always giving to whatever she
compositions: she evinced a most exquisite sense of the beautiful
attempted to copy certain peculiar and original touches which
marked the liveliness of her conceptions, and the power of her
genius to embody those conceptions. But from studies which re-
quired calm and steady investigation. efforts of memory, judgment,
and consecutive thinking, her mind seemed to shrink. She had
no confidence in herself, and appeared to regard with dismay any
requisitions of this nature.”
|
During the vacation-a few months after her reception
into Mrs. Willard's household-she suffered from ill health,
but rallied sufficiently to be placed at a school in Albany,
where it was hoped she might be able to continue her stu-
Davidson, Henry. Waterloo; a Poem, Lon., 1816,Svo.
Davidson, James. Two Serms., 1804.
Davidson, John. Dialogue betwixt a Clerk and n
Courteour, concerning the state of Parish Kirks in Scot-
land, 1570, cr. Svo. 40 copies reprinted at Edinburgh in
1829.
Helpes for Y. S. in Chris., Edin.,
Davidson, John.
1602, Svo.
Davidson, John. Catechism, Edin., 1708, Svo.
Davidson, John. Accounts of the Chamberlain in
Scotland in 1329, 30, 31. Obs. on the Regiam Majestatem,
Edin., 1792, Sro. Remarks on some Edits. of the Acts
Parl. of Scotland, 1792, Svo. See SIR DAVID DALRYM-
PLE'S Annals of Scotland, iii. 340.
App
479
DAV
DAV
dies. But it was soon apparent that her life was not to
be prolonged. The unfavourable symptoms which had
alarmed the anxiety of her family and friends now deve-
loped themselves with increased strength, and resulted fu-
fa-
tally on the 27th of August, 1825, one month before she
had attained the age of 17. So great was her facility in
composition, that she left no less than two hundred and
seventy-eight pieces, (about one hundred and forty had
been destroyed before her death,) among which were five
poems of several cantos each, a number of romances, and
a tragedy.
Davidson, Robert. Serm., 1707, 4to.
A collection of her pieces, with a memoir, was pub. in
1829, by Mr. Samuel F. B. Morse, under the title of Amir
Khan and other Poems: the Remains of Lucretia Maria
Davidson. An interesting review of this volume by Ro-
bert Southey will be found in the London Quarterly Re-
view, xli. 289. Miss Catherine M. Sedgwick also has pub.
a biography of her life and character, and the reader will
find interesting notices of Lucretia M. and Margaret M.
Davidson in Dr. Griswold's Female Poets of America, and
in Mrs. Hale's Records of Woman.
Davidson, Robert, and David Douglass. De-
cisions of the C. of Sess., 1792-96, Edin., 1797, fol. The
same, 1796-1801, fol.
Davidson, Samuel. Con. to Med. Com., 1790.
Davidson, Rev. Samuel, LL.D. Ecclesiastical Po-
lity of the N. Test., Lon., 1848, Svo. Introduc. to the N.
Test., 1848-51, 3 vols. 8vo. Biblical Criticism, Edin., 1852,
2 vols. 8vo; new ed., Lon., 1855, Svo. Sacred Hermeneu-
tics Developed and Applied. 1843, Svo.
|
"Nothing seems to be left undone which could be brought within
the prescribed limits; and that which has been done appears to be
well done and treated in an intelligent and masterly manuer.”—
Ch. of England Quar. Rev.
Trans. of Gieseler's Comp. of Eccles. History, Lon., 1846,
&c., 4 vols. Svo. See Clarke's Foreign Theolog. Library.
"Gieseler's Church History is an invaluable storehouse of refer-
ence to the anxious and inquiring student and doctrinariau."-
Lon. Eclec. Rev.
"In these poems there is enough of originality, enough of aspi-
ration, enough of conscious energy, enough of growing power. to
warrant any expectations, however sanguine, which the patron,
and the friends and parents of the deceased could have formed.
... In our own language, except in the cases of Chatterton and
Kirke White, we can call to mind no instance of so early, so ardent.
and so fatal a pursuit of intellectual advancement.”—ROBERT
SOUTHEY, ubi supra.
Davidson, Margaret Miller, 1823-1838, was a sis-
ter of the preceding, and distinguished by the same re-
markable precocity of intellect and facility in literary
composition. At the early age of six years she found
great delight in the perusal of the poems of Milton, Cow-
per, Thomson, Scott, and other authors of the same class.
"By the time she was six years old," remarks her mo-
ther, "her language assumed an elevated tone, and her
mind seemed filled with poetic imagery, blended with veins
of religious thought." About this time she commenced
"lisping in numbers," and specimens of her poetry then
written will be found in Washington Irving's charming
Memoir of this wonderful child, for she was but fifteen
years and eight months old when translated to a brighter
sphere. Of the beautiful stanzas addressed to her sister
Lucretia, Mr. Irving remarks:
"We may have read poetry more artificially perfect in its struc-
ture, but never any more truly divine in its inspiration."
Leonore is the longest of her poems; (the volume just
quoted contains some of her prose compositions, also:)
"It is a story of romantic love, happily conceived, and illustrated
with some fine touches of sentiment and fancy. It is a creditable
production, and would entitle a much older author to considera-
tion; but its best passages scarcely equal some of her earlier and
less elaborate performances.”—Griswold's Female Poels of America.
Mrs. Davidson had drank deeply of the cup of affliction;
few could lose such a daughter as Lucretia Maria :-but it
was much that her little sister-then not quite two years
old—was left to comfort the stricken parent. When only
three years of age “
the child would sit on a cushion at her
mother's fect, listening to anecdotes of her sister's life, and
details of the events which preceded her death; and would
often exclaim, while her face beamed with mingled emo-
tions, 'Oh, I will try to fill her place-teach me to be like
her!""
399; Sparks's Amer. Biog., vii. 209; Lon. Quar. Rev., xli.
289, 1xix. 49; Chris. Examiner, xxxi. 269. In London,
the biographies of the sisters, by Miss Sedgwick and Mr.
Irving, have been incorporated into one volume.
Davidson, Margaret M., mother of the two preced-
ing. A volume of Selections from her Writings, with a
preface by Miss Sedgwick, was pub. in 1843.
:
"There is nothing in her book to arrest attention. Mrs. David-
son has some command of language, and a knowledge of versifica-
tion, and the chief production of her industry in this line is a para-
phrase of six books of Fingal. Her writings are interesting only
as indexes to the early culture of her daughters.”—Griswold's Fe-
male Poets of America.
Her prayer had been granted. She had grown up to
supply her sister's place, and had evinced the possession
of powers calculated to honour her name and bless her
race-when she too was called to be numbered with the
"early lost, the long deplored." Again the fond mother
had to pass through the afflicting scenes from which she
had already suffered so deeply. Some four years after she
had followed Margaret to the grave, she remarks in a letter
to the author of this work-referring to an incident which
had recently transpired-
"I will not attempt to describe feelings which brought before
my mind's eye with all the freshness of yesterday, some of the
most deeply touching incidents in my sorrowing and varied life,
with cherished and sacred recollections of the dear one who, like a
bright dream, has faded away from my sight in this world forever!"
The reader must not fail to peruse the deeply interesting
memoir by Mr. Irving before referred to. We may fitly
conclude this sketch in his own words:
"We shall not pretend to comment on these records; they need
no comment. and they admit no heightening. Indeed, the farther
we have proceeded with our subject, the more has the intellectual
beauty and the seraphic purity of the little being we bave intended.
to commemorate broken upon us; and the more have we shrunk
at our own unworthiness for such a task.”
Notices of the literary history of the gifted sisters, and
reviews of Miss Sedgwick's and Mr. Irving's biographies,
will be found in the Southern Lit. Messenger, i. 51; ix. 94,
Text of the Old Testament Considered, Lon., 1856, 8vo.
Davidson, Thomas. Cantus; Songs and Fancies,
Aberdeen, 1666. This is said to be the first collection in
which Scottish Songs are to be found.
Davidson, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1749, 8vo.
Davidson, Thomas. Sketch of Dr. Erskine, 1803,8vo.
Davidson, Wm. Sermon on Fasting, Newc., 1793,
Svo. Brief Outline of an Exam. of the Song of Solomon,
Lon., 1817, 8vo.
"The author of this work considers the Canticles as an inspired
song, wholly referring to the spiritual Solomon, or Christ and his
true spiritual church."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
8vo. Con. to Med. Com., 1793; to Med. Facts, 1792, '93, '94,
Davidson, Wm. The Pulmonary System, Lon., 1795,
Davidson, Wm., M.D. On the Continued Fevers of
G. Britain and Ireland, Lon., 1841, Svo. Treatise on Diet,
1843, 12mo; 1847.
"The volume is comprehensive; it includes a great deal of most
useful matter; and will be a valuable guide to the student and
young practitioner."-Edin. Med. and Surg. Journal.
Davidsone, David. Disp. Inaug. de Febre Quar-
tana, Lugd. Bat., 1686, 4to.
Davidsone, John. Ane brief Commendatioun of
Vprichtnes. Imprentit at Sanct Androis be R. Lekpreuick,
1573, 4to.
Davie, Charles H. Hist. of the Inquisition, 1851,12mo.
"A fair and full account of the evils which it professes to de
scribe, since its statements are taken from the most authentic
sources of information, both ancient and modern.”—Chris. Times.
Davie,John C. Letters from Paraguay, Lon., 1805,8vo.
"A fictitious work of no reputation or value.”
Davie, Sampson. End, &c. of T. Norton; in verse,
1570, Svo.
Davies. Antiquities: see Hearne's Collec., ii.
Davies, Arabella. 1. Letters. 2. Diary, 1788, 12mo.
Davies, Anth. The Protestant's Practice. Sparkles
of the Spirit. 1656, '58.
Davies, B. Serm., Lon., 1785, 8vo.
Davies, C. M. Hist. of Holland, Lon., 3 vols. 8vo,
1841, '42, '44; new ed., 1851.
Historical students must and ought to be grateful to the au-
thor of this valuable work, which has long been wanted."-Lolis
Athenæum.
Davies, C. N. Lectures on Prophecy, 1836, 12mo.
"This little volume displays both thought and feeling on a sub
ject of the deepest interest."-British Magazine.
Davies, Charles, LL.D., born at Washington, Con-
necticut, for many years Professor at West Point. Prof.
Davies is the author of the following valuable series of
Mathematical works, which are very extensively used in
schools and colleges throughout the U. S., and, it is said,
have produced the author more than $50,000: 1. Primary
Table Book. 2. First Lessons in Arithmetic. 3. Intel-
lectual Arithmetic. 4. School Arithmetic. 5. Grammar
of Arithmetic. 6. University Arithmetic, 1st ed., 1846.
7. Elementary Algebra, 1st ed., 1839. 8. Elementary Geo-
metry and Trigonometry, 1st ed., 1840. 9. Practical Ma-
thematics, 1852. 10. Bourdon's Algebra, 1st ed., 1834.
11. Legendre's Geometry, 1st ed., 1828. 12. Elements
of Surveying, 1st ed., 1832. 13. Analytical Geometry.
480
DAV
ᎠᎪᏙ
14. Differential and Integral Calculus. 15. Descriptive
Geometry, 1st ed., 1826. 16. Shades, Shadows, and Per-
spective. 17. Logic of Mathematics. 18. Mathematical
Dictionary, 1855, N. York, 8vo. See PECK, WM. G.
Davies, Charles G. Serm., Lon., 1841, 8vo.
Davies, D. 1. Serm. 2. Letters, 1810, 8vo.
Davies, D. W. Serm., Cranbrook, 1803, 8vo.
Davies, David. Med., &c. con. to Phil. Trans., 1700,'01.
Davies, David. Jurymen's Guide, Lon., 1779, 8vo.
Davies, Rev. David. The Case of Labourers in
Husbandry stated and considered, Lon., 1795, 4to.
..
A publication which has been a good deal referred to for its
facts and statements.”—McCulloch's Lit, of Polit. Fem.
Davies, Rev. David Peter. A New Historical and
Descriptive View of Derbyshire, Lon., 1811, 8vo.
Davies, E. Serm., 1720, 8vo.
Davies, Ebenezer. American Scenes and Christian
Slavery, Lon., 1849, '53, 12mo.
Davies, Edward. Art of War, Lon., 1618, 4to.
Davies, Edward. Serm., 1769, 8vo.
Davies, Edward, 1756-1831, Rector of Bishopston,
and Chancellor of Brecon. Vacunalia; Essay in verse,
Lon., 1788, 8vo. Twelve Dialogues on Different Subjects,
1801, Svo. Celtic Researches, or the Origin, Traditions,
and Languages of the Ancient Britons, 1804, 8vo. The
Rites and Mythology of the British Druids, 1809, r. Svo.
"But above all other works on the subject of Druidism would
we recommend Davies, the author of the Celtic Researches. His
History of the British Druids is a perfect mine of information on
their most recondite antiquities. Davies, though not free from the
hyper-enthusiasm which always runs in the blood of the Welsh,
bas never been excelled by any writer who has yet discussed Druid-
ical Literature.”—Lon. Monthly Magazine.
Davies, Lady Eleanor, 1603-1652, daughter of
Lord George Audley, Earl of Castlehaven, and wife of the
celebrated Sir John Davies, gained great notoriety as a
prophetess. She pub. a number of addresses, appeals, pro-
phecies, &c., 1641-52. Her Strange and Wonderful Pro-
phecies appeared in 1649, 4to. See Heylin's Life of Arch-
bishop Laud, and Ballard's British Ladies.
Davies, Evan. Lightning, Phil. Trans., 1730.
Davies, Franc. A Catichisme, Lon., 1612, 8vo.
Davies, Rev. G. Introduc. to Reading. 1810, 12mo.
Davies, George Harley. Comedian. The Fight of
Trafalgar; a Descriptive Poem, 1806, 4to.
Davies, Griffith. Key to B.'s Trigonometry, 1814.Svo.
Davies, Henry, M.D. Young Wife's Guide, Lon.,
1852, Svo.
Davies, Herbert. On the Physical Diagnosis of the
Diseases of the Lungs and Heart, Lon., 1851, p. Svo; 2d
ed., revised and enlarged, 1854.
"The first edition of this work was published in 1851, and we
then recommended it to the attentive consideration of our readers
as embodying the latest views of the Vienna School. So valuable
a work cannot fail to reach many editions."-Lon. Med. Times and
Gazette.
Davies, Rev. Hugh. Welsh Botanology. Lon., 1813,
Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1794, 1811, '15.
Davies, J. Instructions for History, 1680, Svo.
Davies, James. Serm., Lon., 1679, 4to.
Davies, James. Serm., 1716, 4to.
Davies, James. Address to the Aged, Lon.,1734,12mo.
Davies, James. Supremacy of the Scriptures, with
a Preface by the Rev. J. P. Smith, D.D., Lon., 1846, 12mo.
"To those who wish, by a single strain of thought, well sus-
tained, to find weapons to beat down the whole fabric of Popery,
and every kindred system, we recommend Mr. Davies's masterly
treatise."-Lon. Evangelical Mag.
8vo.
Davies, James Seymour. Stubborn Facts, 1812,Svo.
Davies, Sir John, 1570-1626, a native of Wiltshire,
was educated at Queen's College, Oxford, and afterwards
studied law. In 1603 he was sent as solicitor-general to
Ireland, soon rose to be attorney-general, and subsequently
was appointed one of the judges of assize. In 1607 he
was knighted, and after filling several offices with great
credit, he was in 1626 appointed Lord Chief Justice of
England, but "died suddenly before the ceremony of set-
tlement or installation could be performed."
"Davies's Nosce Teipsum is an excellent poem, in opening the
nature, faculties, and certain immortality of man's soul."-RICHARD
BAXTER: Prefatry Address to his Poetical Fragments, 1681.
..
Perhaps no language can produce a poem, extending to so great
a length. of more condensation of thought, or in which fewer lan-
guid verses will be found. . . . Very few have been able to preserve
a perspicuous brevity without stiffness or pedantry, (allowance
made for the subject and the time,) in metaphysical reasoning, so
successfully as Sir John Davies.”—HALLAM: Introduc. to Lit. of
Europe.
6.
The author of this poem merits a lasting honour; for. as he
was a most eloquent lawyer, so, in the composition of this piece,
we admire him for a good poet and exact philosopher.”—N. TATE:
Pref. to 4th ed., 1697, Svo.
In the happier parts of his poem we come to logical truths so
well illustrated by ingenious similes, that we know not whether
to call the thoughts more poetically or philosophically just. The
judgment and fancy are reconciled, and the imagery of the poet
seems to start more vividly from the surrounding shades of ab-
straction."-CAMPBELL.
“Sir John Davies and Sir William Davenant, avoiding equally
the opposite faults of too artificial and too careless a style, wrote
in numbers which for precision and clearness, and felicity and
strength, have never been surpassed."-SOUTHEY.
The edition of his poetical works pub. in 1773, 12mo,
already referred to, contains, in addition to the above-no-
ticed poem, the Hymns of Astrea-acrostics in praise of
Elizabeth-and Orchestra, a Poem on Dancing.
land, 2 Jac. I.-10 Jac. I., (1604-12,) with a learned Pre-
Reports of Cases in the Law in the King's Courts in Ire-
face, dedicated to Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, Dublin, 1615,
fol.; Lon., 1628, '78, (in French :) 4th ed., 1762, (in Eng-
lish.) Dublin, Svo. These were the first reports of Irish
judgments which had ever been made public during the
400 years that the laws of England had existed in that
kingdom. The preface to these reports, which is a very
learned and eloquent eulogium" on the Common Law of
England, and a vindication of its professors, "vies with
Coke in solidity and learning, and equals Blackstone in
classical illustration and elegant language."
In addition to the above-noticed works, and some Essays,
&c., Sir John pub. an abridgt. of Coke's Reports, and a
number of historical and political tracts. George Chal-
mers pub. in 1786, Svo, an edit. of his Historical Tracts;
the best known of which is A Discoverie of the Trve Cavses
why Ireland was neuer entirely subdued, nor brought un-
der Obedience to the Crowne of Englond, until the begin-
ning of his Majesty's Raigne, Lon., 1612, 4to; Dubl., 1664,
cult to commend this performance too highly:
'66, Svo: 1704, fol.; Lon., 1747, 12mo. It would be diffi-
The very best view of the political state of Ireland from the
reign of Henry II. to that of James I."-BISHOP NICOLSON.
--
A great performance: a masterly work, and contains much
depth and extensive knowledge in state matters and settling of
countries. in a very short compass."-Earl of ChaTHAM.
In versatility of talent, brilliancy of imagination, po-
litical wisdom, and literary taste, few Englishmen have
equalled Sir John Davies.
See Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit.; Johnson and Chalmers's
English Poets, 1810; Life by George Chalmers, prefixed
to his Tracts; Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poetry; Ellis's Spe-
cimens: Marvin's Legal Bibl.; Wallace's Reporters; Re-
trosp. Review, v. 44, 1822.
Davies, John. Outinam:-1. For Queene Elizabeth's
Securitie. 2. For her Subiects Prosperitie. 3. For a gene-
rall Conformitie. 4. And for England's Tranquilitie, Lon.,
1591, 16mo.
This volume çonsists of a fulsome sermonical address to the
people: an indecent prayer for the queen, &c., and closes with
seven six-line stanzas which are only remarkable for their demerit.”
-T. PARK.
Nosce Teipsum: This Oracle expounded in two Elegies:
1st, of Human Knowledge, 2d, Of the Soul of Man, and
the Immortality thereof: title of 2d ed. pub. 1602, 4to; 1st
pub. in 1599, 4to. Yet the dedication to Queen Elizabeth
bears date 1592. See Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
This poem is, without dispute, except Spenser's Faery Queen,
the best that was written in Elizabeth's or even in King
James the First's time."-Note in the edit. of Davies's Poel. Works,
1773. 12mo.
4C
Davies, John, D.D., a native of Wales, studied at
Jesus College and Lincoln College, Oxford. Antiquæ Lin-
guæ Britannicæ, &c., Lon., 1592, fol. Dictionarium Latino-
Britannicum, by T. Williams; to which is added Adagia
Britannica, Authorum Britannicorum Nomina et quando
floruerunt, 1632. Parson's Resolutions trans. into Welsh.
He assisted in a version of the Welsh Bible, pub. 1620.
|
This author was esteemed by the academicians well vers'd in
the history and antiquities of his own nation, and in the Greek
and Hebrew languages, a most exact critic, an indefatigable searcher
into ancient scripts, and well acquainted with curious and rare
..
Davies, or Davis, John, "of Hereford," educated at
Oxford, became famous as a poet and a writing-master.
Mr. Chalmers supposes his Mirum in Modum, a Glympse of
God's Glorie and the Soule's Shape, 1602, 4to, to have been
his earliest work. Sold at Lloyd's sale for £5 2s. 6d.
Witte's Pilgrimage, sine anno; Bibl. Anglo-Poet., £25;
Perry Sale, £28. The Holy Roode or Christ's Crosse;
of his works will be found in Athen. Oxon., and in
Bibl. Anglo-Poet., £15 158. Other publications. A list
Lowndes's Bibl. Manual, and notices of most of them in
Censura Literaria, The Bibliographer, and Restituta.
Sir John Davies was more a scholar than a lawyer; but this
John Davies was more a poet than a scholar. and somewhat en-.
clined towards the law; which hath made some unwary readers
take the writings of one for the other."-Athen. Oxon.
31
481
DAV
DAV
Davies, John, 1625–1693, a native of Carmarthen-
shire, made many trans. from the French into English.
We notice a few of his publications. Hist. of the Carribby
Islands, fol., Lon.. 1666; year of the great fire; therefore
this is a rare work. Voyages and Travels of Frederic's
Ambassadors, 1662, fol. Peregrinations, 1669, fol. Rites
and Monuments of Durham, 1672, 8vo.
Davies, John. Answers to Papers on Free-Trade,
1641, 4to.
Davies, John. Apocalypsis, Lon., 1658, 12mo.
Davies, John, D.D., 1679-1732, Prebendary of Ely,
was a native of London, and educated at Queen's College,
Cambridge, of which he became Fellow. He attained con-
siderable reputation as a philologist. Maximi Tyrii Dis-
sertationes Gr. et Lat. ex interpretationes Heinsii, &c., 1703,
8vo. C. Julii Cæsaris, &c., Cant., 1706 et '27, 4to. De Na-
tura Deorum, 1718, Svo. Other publications, 1707–27.
Davies, John. Display of Herauldry, 1716, 12mo.
Davies, John. Serms., &c., 1799, 1802, '05, '14.
Davies, John. Innkeeper's Guide, Leeds, 1806, 12mo.
Davies, John. Cases resp. Patents, Lon., 1816, 8vo.
These Cases are held "in high estimation." See Pref. to
Phil. on Pat.
Davies, Rev. John. Essay on the O. and N. Test.,
Camb., 1843, Svo. Estimate of the Human Mind, Lon.,
8vo; new ed, 1847.
“A great variety of topics of vast interest are ably and eloquently
discussed."-Lon. Congregational Mag.
Cultivation of the Mind, Lon., Svo.
"An able Christian view of the subject."-BICKERSTETH.
"Mr. Davies is every way qualified for the task he has bere un-
dertaken.”—Imperial Mag.
The Ordinances of Religion practically Illustrated and
Applied, Ln., 8vo.
We content ourselves with a hearty recommendation of the
volume."— Lou. Pulpit.
Davies, Joseph. Increase of Home Trade, &c., Lon.,
1731, Svo.
|
Davies, Myles, a Welsh divine, a native of Tre'r-
Abbot, Flintshire. Icon Libellorum; or a Critical Hist.
of Pamphlets, Lon., 1715, Svo; this work is included in
the following: Athenæ Britannicæ, or a Critical Hist. of
Oxford and Cambridge Writers and Writings. This work
is one of the rarest in the English tongue. Mr. H. G.
Bohn's Cat. of 1841 contains the Icon Libellorum, Svo,
Athena Britannicæ, 3 vols. 8vo; and 1 vol. 4to, 1716; vols.
i. and ii. being a Crit. Hist. of Pamphlets. The 4 vols. are
warked £5 58. In his Cat. for 1848 the 6 vols. are marked
£10 108. The 5 vols. were pub. in Svo, 1716, and one (vol. 4)
in 4to. The six were sold at the Bindley sale for £10 10%.
See an interesting account of Davies in Disraeli's Calami-
ties of Authors. He pub. two theological treatises on
Arianism and Romanism.
Davies, Richard.
Davies, Richard, Bishop of St. David's. Fun. Serm.
on the Earl of Essex, Lon., 1577, 4to. Epistle to the Welsh.
Reprinted, Oxon., 1671, 8vo.
Chester's Trivmph in honovr of
her Prince. As it was performed vpon St. George's Day
in the foresaid Citic, Lon., 1610, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet..
223, £25. Reprinted in Nichols's Progresses of K. James I.
Davies, Richard. Convincement, &c., Lon., 1710.12mo.
Davies, Richard, M.D. Profess., &c. treatises, 1759, &c.
Davies, Robert, 1770–1836, a Welsh poet, wrote a
Welsh Grammar, and some poetical works in Welsh, which
are highly esteemed.
Davies, Roger. Existence of a Divine Being,1724,8vo.
Davies, Samuel. Serms., 1758, 59, Svo.
Davies, Rev. Samuel, 1724-1761, a native of New-
castle, Delaware, preached with great success in Virginia.
In 1759 he succeeded Jonathan Edwards in the Presidency
of the College of New Jersey at Princeton. Mr. D. main-
tained an exemplary character in all the relations of life.
Religion and Patriotism the constituents of a good soldier,
a Serm., preached Aug. 17, 1755, Phila., 1756, Svo, pp. 38.
In a note to this discourse, p. 12, Mr. Davies remarks,
speaking of "martial spirit:"
"As a remarkable instance of this, I may point out to the pub
lic that heroic youth, Colonel fafterwards General] Washington.
whom I cannot but hope Providence has hitherto preserved in so
sinal a manner for some important service to his country.”
The Crisis considered, with reference to Great Britain
and her Colonies, a Serm., Lon., 1757, 8vo. This contains
some curious particulars relative to the loss of Oswego,
Braddock's Defeat, &c. Other serms. and addresses. See
Middleton's Biog. Evangel.; Rice's Memoirs of Davies, &c.
A collection of his sermons was pub. by Drs. Finley and
Gibbons of London, 1767-71, 5 vols. 8vo; later edits. in 4
vols., (Lon., 1824,) and in 3 vols., (N. York, 1849, 1851.) Mr.
Davies excelled in
"Animated and pathetic application, in which he collects and
with all the powers of forcible and melting persuasion to the beart.
concentrates what he has been proving in his discourses, and argues
...
I most sincerely wish that young ministers, more especially,
would peruse these volumes with the deepest attention and serious
ness, and endeavour to form their discourses according to the mo-
del of our author.”—DR. THOMAS GIDEONS.
16
Evangelical. His style and manner are not always good, but
being posthumous, he is less to be blamed. On Church Govern-
ment he takes the side of Dissenters."—BICKERSTETII.
President Davies is generally cited as the most eloquent Ame-
rican divine of the past age. His sermons are formed on the decla-
matory and French models, and are direct, vehement, often elo-
quent and moving appeals, but wanting accuracy and finish."
"Iad the editor been less scrupulous, the sermons might have
appeared to much greater adyantage as to the method. proportions,
&c. They should be read, not as models of composition. but in
reference to the serious truths they contain, and the vivida vis
animi of the author."-DR. E. WILLIAMS,
<
They abound with striking thoughts, with the beauties and
elegancies of expression, and with the richest imagery."-PREȘI-
DENT ALLEN,
The edit. of Davies's sermons pub. in New York, 1851.
3 vols. 8vo, contains an essay on the Life and Times of the
Author, by the Rev. Albert Barnes of Philadelphia.
Davies, Sneyd, d. 1769, wrote several of the anony-
mous imitations of Horace in Duncombe's edit., 1767, and
see end of vol. iv., and Poems in Dodsley's and Nichols's
Collection, and in the Alumni Etonenses. See account of
Davies in Nichols's Literary Collection.
Davies, Thomas. Serm. on Amos ix. 2, 8vo.
Davies, Thomas. Sixteen Discourses, Lon.,1720,8vo.
Davies, Thomas. Laws rel. to Bankrupts, 1744, fol.
Davies, Thomas, 1712?-1785, studied at the Uni-
versity of Edinburgh, and became an actor and bookseller.
Dr. Johnson, who valued him highly, and declared that he
was "learned enough for a clergyman," assisted him libe-
rally in his pecuniary difficulties. He married Miss Yar-
row, a celebrated beauty, to whom we shall refer presently.
Life of David Garrick, Lon., 1780, 2 vols. Svo. New
(5th) ed. by Stephen Jones, 1808. Dramatic Miscellanies,
1784, 85, 3 vols. Svo. Lives of Dr. John Eachard, Sir
John Davies, and Mr. Lillo, prefixed to the eds. of their
works pub. by T. Davies. Memoirs of Henderson. Life
of Massinger. Review of Lord Chesterfield's Character.
Dramatic Works of George Lillo, with Memoirs of the Au-
thor, 1810, 2 vols. 18mo. Interesting particulars of our
author will be found in Boswell's Johnson. It was at the
house of the bookseller that the biographer was first intro-
duced to the great lexicographer. Who that has ever read
Boswell's amusing account of this introduction can ever
forget it?
.C
Both Davies and his wife (who has been celebrated for her
beauty) maintained an uniform decency of character; and John-
son esteemed them, and lived in as easy an intimacy with them as
with any family which he used to visit."
Churchill's unmerciful ridicule of Davies's acting drove
him from the stage:
"With him came mighty Davies:-on my life
That Davies has a very pretty wife!
Statesman all over,-in plots famous grown,-
lle mouths a sentence as curs mouth a bone.”
The Rosciad.
This was too much for Davies, and he again tried book-
selling as a vocation. If he could not "act well his part"
himself, he contrived to profit by the success of a brother
actor; for his Life of Garrick relieved him of the res an-
gusta domi, and gave him fame in the world of letters.
Davies, Maj. Gen. Thomas. Con. in Zoology and
Ornithology to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1798, 1802.
Davies, Thomas S. Hutton's Mathemat., 12th ed.,
by Gregory and Davies, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. 8vo. Solutions
of the principal questions of Hutton's Mathemat., 1840, 8vo.
"The solutions exhibit a degree of simplicity, ingenuity, and
elegance, rarely to be met with in works of this nature."-Kelso
Chronicle.
Ma
Davies, Rev. Walter. General View of the Agri-
cult, and Domestic Economy of North Wales, Lon., 1811.8vo.
"The report exhibits much sound information, and an acute
judgment on every point of discussion. It has always been es
got."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
teemed and recommended as a source whence information may be
Davies, William. A True Relation of his own Tra-
vailes and most miserable Captiuitie, Lon., 1614, 4to. Re-
printed in the Oxford Collection of Voyages and Travels,
vol. i.
Davies, Wm. Plays for a private
Plays for a private Theatre, Lun.,
1786, 8vo.
Davies, sometimes Davis, q. v.
Daviess, Col. Joseph H., of Kentucky, d. 1811.
View of the President's Conduct con. the conspiracy of 1806.
Daville, John. Serm. on Ephes. v. 6, 1745, 8vo.
Davis. Welsh and Latin Dictionary, Lou., 1632, fol
122
DAV
DAV
A Catalogue of the most noted British Authors, &c. is an-
nexed to this volume, which is truly a liber rarissimus. I
Davis. Hosanna before the Bishops, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Davis. Explanation and Vindication of the Rubrics
before the New Office for the 11th of June, Oxf., 1731, 8vo.
Davis, Andrew Jackson, the Poughkeepsie Seer
and Clairvoyant, was born at Blooming Grove, Orange co.,
N. Y., 1826. 1. Nature's Divine Revelations, pp. 800, 8vo,
N.Y. 2. The Great Harmonia, 6 vols. 12mo; containing
Physician, Teacher, Seer, &c. 3. Review of Dr. Horace
Bushnell on Supernaturalism. 4. Philosophy of Spiritual
Intercourse, 8vo. 5. Philosophy of Special Providences,
Svo. 6. Harmonial Man; or, Thoughts for the Age, 8vo.
7. Free Thoughts concerning Religion, 8vo. 8. Present Age
and Inner Life. 9. The Penetralia: Harmonical Answers.
We append notices of two of Mr. Davis's publications:
"We can regard this book (The Great Harmonia] in no other
light than as part of a series of systematic impostures. The infi-
delity of our day is to a considerable extent combined with an
amazing degree of credulity and superstition. . . . We have no
hesitation in predicting that money will be lost upon this volume
and the remainder of the series-either by the publishers or by the
purchasers-and we think it would be full as well for the world at
large that the loss should fall upon the former.”—Norton's (New
York) Literary Gazette,
A well-known writer thus refers to the Principles of Na-
ture, her Divine Revelation, and a Voice to Mankind:
Davis, Sir John. See DAVIES.
Taken as a whole, the work is a profound and elaborate discus-peuse of a horse."-Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nora.
sion of the Philosophy of the Universe; and for grandeur of con-
ception, soundness of principle, clearness of illustration. order of
arrangement. and encyclopedical range of subjects, I know of no
work of any single mind that will bear away from it the palm. To
every theme the inditing mind approaches with a certain latent
consciousness of mastery of all its principles, details, and techni-
calities; and yet without the least ostentatious display of superior
mental powers."-PROFESSOR BUSH.
|
Davis, Asahel, b. 1791, in Massachusetts. Ancient
America and Researches of the East, 30th thousand, 1854.
Davis, Crusoe R. Life and Adventures of, Lon., 1756.
Davis, Daniel, of Boston, 1773–1835. Criminal Jus-
tice, Boston, 2d ed., 1828, Svo; 3d ed. by F. F. Heard.
A valuable manual of criminal law."-Marvin's Legal Bibl.
Precedents of Indictments. Boston, 1831, Svo.
Davis, Daniel, Jr. Manual of Magnetism, 6th ed.,
Boston, 1854, 12mo. One of the best works upon the
subject.
LA
Davis, David D., M.D. Trans. of Phinel on In-
sanity, Sheff., 1806, 8vo. Acute Hydrocephalus, Lon.,
1840, Svo.
A treatise eminently calculated to exalt the high reputation
which already distinguishes its author."-Edin. Month. Med. Jour,
Jan. 1841.
Elements of Obstetric Medicine, Lon., 4to. New ed. in
10 Nos. Svo, and 70 plates in 4to, 1842.
"We do not, therefore, hesitate to say that it is a work which
ought to be found on the table of every teacher and medical prac
titioner."-Edin. Medical and Surgical Magazine, Jan. 1842.
Davis, Edward, Surgeon. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1747.
Davis, Edwin Hamilton, b. 1811, in Ross county,
Ohio; appointed Prof. of Materia Medica and Therapeu-
ties in the New York Medical College in 1850. As early
as 1833 he commenced his antiquarian researches, the
results of which have been pub. as the 1st vol. of the
Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, entitled: 1.
Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, by E. G. Squier
and E. H. Davis. 2. Report on the Statistics of Calculous
Disease in Ohio, 1850, Svo.
Davis, Francis. A Catechism, Lon., 1612, Sro.
Davis, George. Serms., 1758, '63, 4to.
Davis, Rev. H. Exercises in Latin, Lon., 1844, 12mo.
Davis, Henry W. The War of Ormuzd and Ahriman
in the Nineteenth Century, Baltimore, 1853, Svo.
Davis, Rev. Henry Edwards, 1756-1784, edu-
cated at, and Fellow and Tutor of, Baliol Coll., Oxford,
when only twenty-one pub. an examination of Gibbon's 15th
and 16th chapters of the Decline and Fall, Lon., 1778, 8vo.
He charges Gibbon with misrepresentations of authors
cited and with want of accuracy in his statements. The
historian pub. a Vindication, which Davis answered in A
Reply to Mr. Gibbon's Vindication, 1779, Svo.
Davis, Hewlett. Farming Essays, Lon., 1848, Svo.
"These essays are very particular for sound practice and enlight-
ened judgment."-Donaldson's Agricult. Bing.
Davis, J. C. B. Mass. Justice, Worcest., 1847, 8vo.
Davis, Jo. Minucius Felix, cum Notis Jo. Davisii,
Glasg., 1750, 12mo.
Davis, John, d. 1605, a celebrated navigator, was a
native of Sandridge, Devonshire. Between 1585 and '87
he made three voyages for the discovery of a Northwest
passage. He discovered the strait which bears his name.
In 1571 he sailed with Cavendish in his voyage to the
South Sea, and subsequently made five voyages to the East
Indies as pilot. In the last he was killed by the Japanese
in the Strait of Malacca. A Traverse Book by J. D. in
1587. A Report of J. D. of his three voyages made for
the Discovery of the N. West Passage. Pub. by Hakluyt.
The World's Hydrographicall Description, Lon., 1595, Svo.
This very rare vol. was pub. by Davis himself. The Sen-
men's Secrets, 1595, Svo, 1626 and 1657, 4to. See Hakluyt's
Collection of Voyages.
Davis, Hugh. De Jure Uniformitatis Ecclesiasticæ ;
of the rights belong. to an unif. in Churches, Lon., 1669.
Davis, J. Exposition of the Laws rel. to the Medical
Profession, Lon., 1844, Svo.
Davis, J. B., M.D. 1. Ferer of Walcheren, Lon.,
1816, Svo. 2. Hist. of Nice, 1807. 3. Bognor, 1807.
4. Asphyxies. 5. Project.
5. Project. 6. France, &c., 1807, 2 vols.
12mo.
Davis, John. News from Ireland, &c., Lon., 1642, 4to.
Davis, John. Theolog. treatises, &c., 1652, '55.
Davis, John. Serm., 1814, Svo.
Davis, John. Travels of four and a half years in the
U. States, 1799-1802, Lon., 1803, 8vo; 1817. Contains
some interesting facts relating to Pres. Jefferson, Col. Burr,
&c. He pub. some other works.
With more sincerity than is usual among travellers. he states
that he made his tour on foot. because he could not afford the ex-
|
Davis, John A. G., 1802-1840, a lawyer and professor,
born in Middlesex co., Virginia. Before the age of thirty
"he was appointed Law-Professor in the University of
Virginia, and filled that chair for ten years or longer. In
1839 he pub. a valuable Treatise on Criminal Law, and
Guide to Justices of the Peace, pp. 600, Svo. For gratuitous
circulation, a tract on Estates Tail Executory Devises, and
Contingent Remainders under the Virginia Statutes modi-
fying the Common Law; and another tract against the
Constitutional right of Congress to pass laws expressly and
especially for the Protection' of Domestic Manufactures,
combating Mr. Madison's views upon that subject. In
Nov. 1840, Mr. Davis was shot with a pistol by a rioting
student, whom he, in obedience to the university-laws, was
endeavouring to arrest. After lingering for several days,
he died, leaving a widow and seven children."
Davis, John Ford, M.D. Carditis, Bath, 1808, 12mo.
Davis, Sir John Francis, Governor of Hong Kong,
formerly Her British Majesty's Chief Superintendent in
and its inhabitants, Lon., 1836, 2 vols. p. Svo. Several
China. 1. The Chinese: a General Description of China
edits., 1840, &c.
|
"Mr. Davis resided twenty years at Canton, where he at length
embassy to Pekin: and he ranks as one of the few Europeans who
rose to be chief of the factory; he accompanied Lord Amherst's
have ever really mastered the language and literature of China.
We have a right, therefore, to consider the statements which he
has now submitted to the public as containing as full and correct
a view of this singular people. of their government, laws, and in-
stitutions and, in short. of the whole frame of their society, as
Lem. Quarterly Review.
the many difficulties with which the subject is beset will permit."-
"This is undoubtedly the best work on China in the English
language."—McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy.
My information is derived from Mr. Davis's able and lucid work
on China."-DUKE OF WELLINGTON.
•
M
2. Chinese Moral Maxims, with Translations, Sro. 3. Chi-
nese Novels, Svo. 4. The Massacre of Benares; a chapter
from British Indian History, fp. Svo.
•
The whole of this spirit-stirring volume is well entitled to pe-
rusal.”—Lon. Literary Gazette.
5. Sketches of China, 2 vols. p. Svo, 1841; and new ed.
6. China during the War and since the Peace, 1852, 2 vols.
p. Svo; new ed., 1857, 2 vols. p. Svo.
these works as from any other volumes in the language.
The reader can perhaps learn as much of the Chinese from
Davis, Joseph. Last Legacy, Lon., 1707, 12mo.
relating to the Society of Friends, commonly called Quakers,
Davis, Joseph. Digest of Legislative Enactments
in England: with occasional Observations and Notes, Lon.,
1820, 8vo; 2d ed., 1849, r. Svo.
Davis, M. Thoughts on Dancing. 1791, 12mo.
Davis, M. S. Case of Rev. C. Jones, N. York, 1813, Sro.
Davis, Mary Anne. Fables in Verse, 1813, 12mo.
Davis, Matthew L., of New York, d. 1850, aged 84.
Memoirs of Aaron Burr, N. York, 1837, 38, 2 vols. 8vo.
The Private Journal of Aaron Burr, 1838, 2 vols. Svo. Sea
an obituary notice of Mr. Davis in Littell's Living Age,
xxvi. 217.
Davis, Richard. Auctio Davisiana Oxonii habita,
per Gul. Cooper & Ed. Millington, Bibliopol. Lond., Lon.,
1689, 4to.
• An excellent Latin poem."—WOOD.
483
'DAV
DAV
Davis, Richard. Gospel Light, Lon., 12mo.
Davis, Richard. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1693-1700.
Davis, Richard. Narrative of Facts, 1789, Svo.
General View of the Agricult. of the county of Oxford,
Lun., 1794, 4to.
This is a very meagre report, and was but little noticed."—
Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Davis, Richard, 1649–1741, an İrish divine. 1. A
Letter to a Friend (who had become a R. Catholic) con-
cerning his changing his Religion, Lon., 1694, 4to. 2. The
Truly Catholic and Old Religion, showing that the Esta-
blished Church in Ireland is more truly a member of the
Catholic Church than the Church of Rome, and that all
the ancient Christians, especially in Great Britain and Ire-
land, were of her Communion, Dublin, 1716, 4to. 3. A
Letter. 4. Remarks, 4to. 5. Serms., 1716, 8vo; 1717, 4to.
Davis, Richard Bingham, 1771-1799, b. in the city
of New York. His Poems were collected after his death,
and pub. with a Memoir by John T. Irving, N. York, 1807.
Davis, Thomas. General View of the Agricult. of
the County of Wilts, Lon., 1794, 4to; 1811, Svo.
Davis, Thomas. Poems, with an Introduction by
John Mitchell, N. York, 1856, 18mo.
Davis, Thomas A. Cosmogony; or, The Mysteries
of Creation, N. York, 1858, Svo.
Davis, Rev. W. The Believer's Assurance of Salva-
tion: Is it Attainable? 18mo.
Davis, Wm. See DAVIES.
Davis, Wm. Mathemat. treatises, Lon., 1798–1813.
Davis, Wm. An Olio of Bibliographical and Literary
Anecdotes, Lon., 1814, 12mo; and Memoranda original
and selected. A new edit. has been pub. A Journey round
the Library of a Bibliomaniac; or Cento of Notes and
Reminiscences concerning rare, curious, and valuable
Books, 1821, sm. Svo. A Second Journey round the Li-
brary of a Bibliomaniac, 1825, sm. Svo.
Davis, Wm. The Acts of Congress in relation to the
District of Columbia from July, 1790, to March, 1831, &c.,
Wash., 1831, 8vo.
Davis, Wm. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1839, &c.
Davison. Letter to Bowles; 10 Letters, 1803; refer-
ring to the Nottingham Election.
Davison, Alex. Obs. on the Report of the Committee
on Military Inquiry, 1807, Svo.
Davison, D., M.D. Trans. of F. C. Schlosser's Hist.
of the 18th Century, and of the 19th till the Overthrow of
the French Empire, with particular reference to Mental
Cultivation and Progress, Lon., 1843-52, 8 vols. 8vo. This
work has been trans. into French and Dutch also.
"Schlosser is, as an historian, second to none of his contempora-
ries. We possess in England no writer between whom and him-
self it would not be mere irony to institute any comparison. Ranke
among German and Thierry among French historians may enter
the lists with him. In the depth and variety of his attainments,
and the range and compass of his view, he is superior to them, and
among modern writers, quite unrivalled."- Westminster Review.
Davison, Francis, son of Wm. Davison, an eminent
statesman temp. Elizabeth. Poctical Rhapsody, Lon.,
1602, '08, '11, 21. With a Preface by Sir E. Brydges,
1814-17, 3 vols. 8vo. With Memoirs and Notes by H. H.
Nicholas, 1826, cr. Svo; 250 copies printed, best ed. This
excellent collection contains poems by Francis and Walter
Davidson, Sir John Davies, Sir Philip Sydney, Sir Walter
Raleigh, the Countess of Pembroke, Spenser, Sir H. Wot-
ton, Donne, Greene, and others.
..
How say you. reader? Is not the above a glorious pageant of
poets? Does not the mere enumeration of them beget in thee a
longing to explore the pages which contain their bright thoughts
and tuneful lines?"
Davison, H., and Merivale, H. Reports in the
Q. B. and upon Writs of Error, &c., 1843,'44,Lon.,1844,r. 8vo.
Davison, Hilkiah. Serm., Lon., 1720, Svo.
Davison, John. Dr. Bancrofts Rashness in rayling
against the Ch. of Scot. noted, Edin., 1590, 16mo.
Davison, John. Algebra, Lon., 1789, 8vo.
Davison, John, 1777-1834, Prebendary of Worcester.
Discourses on Prophecy, Lon., 1824, 8vo; 5th ed., Oxf., 1845.
While the student is carried forward by the interest of critical
research, and his understanding enlightened by the wide and clear
views opened to him, his plety will not fail to be warmed. faith
strengthened, and his best affections exalted and improved.".
British Critic.
·Some useful remarks in this work. with much deep, serious,
and original thinking."-Bickersteth's Christian Student.
Primitive Sacrifice, 1825, 8vo. Baptismal Regeneration,
1844, Svo. Remains, and Occasional Publications, Oxf.,
1840, Svo.
Davison, Thomas. Serm., 1683, '88, 4to.
Davison, Wm.,M.D. Med. and chem. works, 1633-60.
Davisson, John. Prot. Minister's Mission, 1721.
484
Davors, Jo. Secrets of Angling, by J. D., supposed
to be the above, Lon., 1613, 12mo. Augmented by Wm.
Lauson, Lon., 1652. In Cens. Lit., 1811, and in 1812, 8vo.
This rare work is also ascribed to Davies, Donne, and
Dennys. See Blakey's Lit. of Angling, 1856, 311.
Davy, Charles. Trans. of Baurit's Journey to the
Glaciers in Savoy, Norw., 1775, 8vo: in conjunction with F.
Davy. Letters upon Subjects of Lit., Lon., 1789, 2 vols. 8vo,
College Terms, 3d ed., 1824, 4 vols. 12mo; 1845, 2 vols.
12mo. Ruth; an Oratorio. Balaam; an Oratorio.
Davy, Chris. Architectural Precedents, Lon., 1840,
Svo. Artificial Foundations, 1841, Svo.
"A sort of Chamber Council to be consulted with advantage by
all practical men."-Lon. Mechanics' Mag.
Commended by the Civil Engineer's Jour., The Atlas, &c.
Davy, Edm. Chem. con. to Phil. Trans., 1817. Phil.
Mag., 1817.
Davy, Henry. Views of Gentlemen's Seats. Archi-
tectural Antiq. of Suffolk, 1827-46.
Davy, Henry. Landing of Rebels, Lon., 1643, 4to.
Davy, Sir Humphry, Bart., 1778-1829, was a na.
tive of Penzance, Cornwall. After serving an apprentice-
ship to a surgeon and apothecary, he became, at the age of
20, assistant to Dr. Beddoes in the Pneumatic Institution
at Bristol. In 1799 Dr. Beddoes pub. a work entitled Con-
tributions to Physical and Medical Knowledge, principally
from the West of England. To this collection young Davy
contributed Essays on Heat, Light, Respiration. Gas, and
Colours. In 1803 he became a Fellow of the Royal So-
ciety, in 1806 Secretary, and in 1820 President, of that
distinguished body. In 1812 he was married to Mrs.
Apreece, a lady of large fortune. In 1815-17 he contri-
buted to Phil. Trans. the celebrated papers on the Miner's
Safety Lamp, for which useful invention the coal proprie-
tors of the district of the Tyne and Wear presented him
with a service of plate worth £2000. In 1818, '19, he tra-
yelled in Italy, zealously pursuing his scientific investiga-
tions, and during his absence was created a baronet. Ile
again travelled on the Continent in 1827, hoping to benefit
his impaired health, but be experienced only temporary
relief, and died of apoplexy at Geneva in 1829. For an
account of the brilliant discoveries of this distinguished
benefactor to science, we must refer the reader to the bio-
graphies by his brother, Dr. John Davy, and Dr. Paris. In
additions to Six Discourses delivered before the Royal So-
ciety at their Anniversary Meetings, he was the author of
more than fifty Treatises and Lectures upon subjects of
scientific investigation. He was also a poet as well as a
philosopher, and his powers as an essayist are displayed to
great advantage in his Consolations of Travel, and Days
of Fly Fishing.
•
"Had not Davy been the first chemist," remarked Coleridge to
Mr. Poole, he probably would have been the first poet of his age."
"Who that has read his sublime quatrains on the doctrine of
Spinoza can doubt that he might have united, if he had pleased,
in some great didactic poem, the vigorous ratiocination of Dryden,
and the inoral majesty of Wordsworth."-LOCKHART.
Salmonia, or Days of Fly-Fishing. By an Angler, Lon.,
1828, 12mo; 4th ed., 1851, fp. Svo.
"We are informed in the preface, that many months of severe
and dangerous illness have been partially occupied and amused
by the present treatise, when the author was incapable of attending
to more useful studies or more serious pursuits. While we regret
that the current of scientific investigation, which has led to such
brilliant results, should be, for a moment, interrupted. we have here
an example, and a pleasing one. that the lightest pursuits of such
a may as our angler-nay, the productions of those languid hours,
in which lassitude succeeds to pain, are more interesting and in-
structive than the exertion of the talents of others whose mind
and body are in the fullest vigour―illustrating the scriptural ex-
pression that the gleaning of the grapes of Ephraim are better
than the vintage of Abiezer."-Lon. Quar. Review, xxxviii. 503.
"This is a book on a very delightful subject, by a very distin
guished man. But although it is occasionally rather a pleasant
book than otherwise, it is not by any means worthy either of the
subject or the man-the one being Angling, and the other Sir
Humphry Davy."-PROF. WILSON: Blackwood's Mag., xxiv. 248.
Read this very amusing review.
"We have been greatly delighted with this work."-Lon. Monthly
Review.
"The work is of a very superior character, elaborately written,
full of most ingenious thoughts, with some passages of a great
beauty.”—Asiatic Journal,
Consolations in Travel, or the Last Days of a Philosopher,
Lon., 1830, Svo; 5th ed., 1851, fp. 8vo. .
“Sir H. Davy has in this little work built up for himself a monu-
ment, which indicates not, indeed, the extent and the vast advan-
tages of his scientific research, but which exhibits the far more
interesting portrait of a man who holds in adequate estimation
the blessings of religion, and who endeavours to sustain it by the
suffrage of science.-science so often a truant to this, the most im-
portant interest of mankind."-Lon. Monthly Review.
Apart from the scientific value of the labours and researches
of Sir H. Davy, they are pervaded by a tone and temper, and an
DAV
DAW
•
enthusiastic love of nature, which are as admirably expressed as
their influence is excellent."
Elements of Agricultural Chemistry, in a Course of Lec-
tures to the Board of Agriculture, Lon., 1813, 4to; 6th ed.,
revised by John Davy, M.D., 1839, 8vo. By Shier, 1840;
new ed., 1850.
"Considering the ten years of research and meditation which
the author has bestowed on the subject. its execution has, on the
whole, fallen short of our expectations."-Elin. Review, xxii. 280.
Read this review; also one in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xi. 318.
C6
"The book enjoyed some little popularity; but scarcely added
any thing to our previous stock of knowledge. It was hailed as a
grand beginning; but nearly half a century has not shown any
advancement. And this deficiency may not be owing to any lack
of exertion, or remissness in using and connecting the knowledge
that exists on both sides; but from the impossible nature of the
employment that has been projected. Agriculture and chemistry
are connected in the single article of manures only: the other uses
are very widely different."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
A collective edition of Sir Humphry's Works, with his
Life, was pub., Lon., 1839-40, 9 vols. 8vo, by his brother,
Dr. John Davy. Contents: Vol. I. Life. II. Early Mis-
cellaneous Papers, 1799-1805. III. Researches concern-
ing Nitrous Oxide, &c. IV. Elements of Chemical Phi-
losophy. V. Bakerian Lectures. VI. Miscellaneous Papers
and Researches, 1815-28. VII., VIII. Agricultural Lec-
tures. IX. Salmonia; Consolations of Travel.
"This collection, from its variety and interest, promises to be
one of the most valuable republications of our time.”—Løn, Spect,
Dr. Davy's Memoir of his brother is commended as
(C
A worthy record of the life of our great philosopher, and
should be studied by the youth of England. that they may know
how mighty a power resides in the mind to conquer difficulties."—
Britannia.
"This biography is admirably written-correct details, full of
instruction, and amusing throughout.”—Lon. Review.
Dr. Paris's Life of the philosopher, Lon., 2 vols. Svo, bas
been characterized as
"A durable monument to the memory of Sir Humphry Davy,
and to the talents of Dr. Paris."-Lon. Gent. Mag.
"No one who reads this book, and studies the processes by which
Davy arrived at his grand results, will hesitate to place him in the
rank of immortal genius.”—Sprctator.
•
It would be difficult to exaggerate the value of Sir Hum-
phry's contributions to science. Whilst yet but a youth,
officiating as assistant to Dr. Beddoes,
"He discovered the remarkable action of nitrous oxide, or laugh-
ing gas, on the system, and thus paved the way to the application
of those means now in use for alleviating pain in severe opera-
tions. . . . In 1806 he made the important discovery that the com-
biuations and decompositions by electricity are referable to the
law of electrical attractions and repulsions, and thus demonstrated
the intimate connection between electricity and chemistry. His
most brilliant discovery was, however, that of, in 1807, the compo-
sition of the alkalies, which he proved to be combinations of oxy-
gen with metals. In 1810 he found chlorine to be a simple body.
in accordance with the view of Scheele, announced in the previous
century. His other discoveries were that of the Safety Lamp. ex-
hibiting a fine example of inductive reasoning; and his mode of
preventing the corrosion of copper sheathing by the protecting in-
fluence of zinc."-R. DUNDAS THOMSON. M.D., &c., Prof. of Chemis
try, St. Thomas's Hospital College, London.
"Since the age of Sir Isaac Newton, the History of British
Science has recorded no discoveries of equal importance with
those of Sir Humphry Davy. The researches of Black, Priestley,
and Cavendish, however important in their results. were less bril-
liant in their generalizations, less striking in their individual phe-
nomena, less indicative of inventive talent. and less fruitful in
their practical applications. In placing Sir Humphry Davy, there
fore, at the head of the British Chemists, we cannot anticipate
an appeal from our decision:-and if any dissenting voice shall
be raised, it will proceed only from the sacred recesses of personal
esteem or family affection.”—Edinburgh Review. Ixiii. 101.
"Davy was the greatest chemical genius that ever appeared."-
M. DUMAS.
|
|
"Mr. Davy, not yet thirty-two years of age, occupied, in the
opinion of all that could judge of such labours, the first rank
among the chemists of this or of any other age; it remained for
him, by direct service rendered to society, to acquire a similar de-
gree of reputation in the minds of the general public."-Cuvier's
Eloge of Sir H. Davy.
Davy, John. Serm. on the death of Prince George,
1708.
Davy, John, M.D., brother of Sir Humphry. Ac-
count of the Interior of Ceylon, Lon., 1821, 4to.
"This is an excellent work, though like many other works of
excellence, too bulky: its chief and peculiar merit and recom-
mendation consists in its details on the natural history of Cey-
¹on.”—Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
Researches, Physiological and Anatomical, 1839, 2 vols.
Svo. Notes and Observations on the Ionian Islands and
Malta, &c., 1842, 2 vols. 8vo.
Dr. Davy's work deserves to be bought as well as perused, so
arefully, completely, and extensively has it been got up.
We
rust that the consciousness of having discharged such an import-
ant duty will not be the only result of his long labour, but that
the work will prove as remunerative as it ought to be.”—Westmin-
ster Review.
Lectures on the Study of Chemistry, in Connection with
the Atmosphere, the Earth, and the Ocean; and Discourses
on Agriculture, 1849, 12mo.
"We have great pleasure in recommending this volume as an
excellent popular introduction to chemical studies."-Lon. Medi-
cal_Guzetle.
For notices of Dr. Davy's Memoirs of his distinguished
brother, edit. of his works, &c., see preceding article.
Davy, John, d. 1824, a musical composer, wrote some
dramatic compositions. His best-known song is―Just like
Love is yonder Rose.
Davy, Michael. Tale of a Tub, Lon., 1674, fol.
Davy, Wm., d. 1826, curate of Lustleigh, &c. Sys-
tem of Divinity, Exeter, 1785, 6 vols. 12mo; 1825, 2 vols.
8vo; 1827, 3 vols. 8vo. System of Divinity, Lustleigh,
1796-1807, 26 vols. 8vo; 14 copies only, which were printed
and bound by the author himself. Highly commended by
the Bishops of London, Durham, Bristol, and Norwich.
"In persevering industry, you are without a rival. In theologi-
cal knowledge there are not many who equal you, and the selec
tions and arrangement of your work appear to me judicious.”-
Bp. of Norwich, in a Letter to Rec. W. Dary.
|
Davyes, Hatton. Serm. on Ephes. iv. 14, 1708, 4to.
Davyes, Thomas. The Tenth Worthy, or several
Anagrams on the name of that Worthy of Worthies, Oli-
ver Cromwell, 1658, fol.
Davys, Sir John. See DAVIES.
Davys, John. Art of Decyphering, 1737, 4to.
Davys, Mrs. Mary. Works; consisting of Plays, No-
vels, Poems, and Familiar Letters, Lon., 1726, 2 vols. Svo.
"She was a correspondent of Dean Swift: and thirty-six letters
from him to her and her husband were, a few years ago, in the
hands of Dr. Ewen of Cambridge."-Birg. Dramat.
Dawbeny, H. Historie, &c., rel. to Cromwell, 1659.8vo.
Dawborn, Mrs. 1. Nursing. 2. Assistant, 1805, '06.
Dawe, George, d. 1829, an English painter, of whom
some account will be found in the Essays of Charles Lamb.
The Life of George Morland; with Remarks on his Works,
1807, Svo.
Dawe's, Jack, Prognostication for the Year 1623,
or Vox Graculi, 4to. This rare pamphlet was sold for
£5 98. at the Gordonstoun sale.
Dawes. Four Serms., 1773, Svo.
Dawes, John. Admeasurement, 1797, 12mo.
Dawes, Lancelot, 1580-1633. Serms., 1614-33.
Dawes, M. Serms., 1763. Phil. Considerations, 1780.
Dawes, Matt. Crimes and Punishments, Lon., 1782.
Real Estates, 1814.
Arrests,
Landed Property, 1818.
1787. Other works.
Dawes, Richard, 1708-1766, was educated at, aud
became Fellow of, Emanuel College, Cambridge. He was
eminent for his critical knowledge of the Greek tongue,
which proficiency he perhaps over-estimated. He seems
to have been jealous of Dr. Bentley, and was guilty of the
absurdity of declaring that the doctor
“Nihil in Græcis cognovisse nisi ex indicibus petititum."
In 1745 Dawes pub. his Miscellanea Critica, Cambridge,
Sro; new edit. by Bishop Burgess, Oxon., 1781; by Kidd,
Cantab., 1817.
"Second only to Bentley's Phalaris."-PORSON.
"A work displaying considerable ingenuity and erudition.”—
Lon. Quar. Rev.
Abroad it was highly commended by Valkener, Pierson,
Koen, and Reiske.
Koen, and Reiske. There is no doubt of the value of this
work, especially with the improvements of the latter edits.;
but the authority of Dawes is by no means so great as it
was for some twenty years after the publication of his
canons. He has been proved to be often wrong, and an
erring dogmatist meets with but little mercy.
Dawes, Rufus, b. 1803, in Boston, is the son of Judgo
Thomas Dawes, whose name is eurolled among the poets
of America. In 1830 Rufus Dawes pub. The Valley of the
Nashaway and other Poems, and in 1839 Athenia of Da-
Nix's Mate, an historical romance, appeared in 1840. For
mascus. Geraldine, and his miscellaneous poetical works.
specimens of Mr. Dawes's poetry, see Griswold's Poets and
Poetry of America.
Dawes, Sir Thos. Title to certain Lands, 1654, fol.
Dawes, Thomas, 1757-1825, father of Rufus Dawes,
was Judge of the Municipal Court of Boston, and Judge
of Probate. He pub. some poetical compositions-see
Kettell's Specimens of American Poetry--an Oration on the
Boston Massacre, and an Oration on the 4th of July, 1787.
Dawes, Wm. Disp. Med. de Variolis, Lyons, 1680, 4to.
Dawes, Sir Wm., 1671-1724, a native of Essex, was
educated at St. John's College, Oxford, and Catherine Hall,
Cambridge; Master of Catherine Hall, 1696; Bishop of
Chester, 1707; Archbishop of York, 1714. An Anatomy
of Atheism; a Poem, Lon., 1693, 4to. Serms. pub, sepa-
rately, 1707–13. Whole Works, with a Life, 1733, 3 vols.
485
DAW
DAY
Sro. Sir Wm. was one of the most popular preachers of
his way.
Dawes's sermons are plain and unaffected, and adapted to
every comprehension.”— Willford's Memorials.
**
Day, Henry T. Serms. at Mendlesham, Lon., 1838,
12mo. Algersife and other Poems, 1838, 12mo.
Day, J. Stories for the Young, 1807, 12mo.
Day, James. Divine Poetric, Lon., 1637, 4to.
Day, Jeremiah, LL.D., late President of Yale Col-
lege, was born in Washington, Connecticut. August 3, 1773.
Author of Introduction to Algebra for the Use of Colleges,
A Course of Mathematics for Colleges, embracing the fol-
lowing works: Principles of Plane Trigonometry, Mensu-
ration, Navigation, and Surveying. These works have
been extensively used in the Colleges throughout the U. S.
Inquiry Respecting Contingent Volition, 12mo. Exami-
nation of Edwards on the Will, 12mo.
Day, Rev. John, 1566–1627, son of John Day, the
Con-
famous English printer. Twelve Serms., 1615, 4to.
Profess. works, 1744-78.
ciones ad Clerum, Oxf., 1612, '15. Day's Dyall; 12 Lec-
tures, 1614. Comm. on the first 8 Psalms of David, 1620, 4to.
Day, John, of Caius College, Cambridge. The Isle
of Guls, Lon., 1606, 4to; 1633. Travels of the three bro-
Humour
thers Shirley, 1607, 4to. Law Nicks, 1608, 4to.
The Parliament of
out of Breath; a Comedy, 1608, 4to.
Bees, 1640, 4to. The Blind Beggar of Bednal Green, 1659,
Vindication of John Day, 1646, 4to.
4to.
A flourishing poet and comedian of his time."-WOOD. See
Biog. Dramat.
Dowkes, Thomas. Medical treatises, 1736, '44, '47.
Dawne, Derby, M.D. Health; a Poem, Lon.,1724,8vo.
Dawney, Benj. Crit. Remarks upon the Epistles,
York, 1735, Svo. See Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Dawson. Paroch. Clergyman's Duty, 1716, 8vo.
Dawson. Appeal in defence of Christianity, 1733.
Dawson, Rev. Abraham. Trans. of portions of
Genesis, 1763, '72, '86, 4to.
In some passages he improves upon the common translation;
ut on the whole his works add nothing of great importance to
ur biblical apparatus."-Orme's Bibl. B.b.
Dawson, Ambrose, M.D.
Dawson, Benj., Rector of Burgh, d. 1814, aged 85.
He pub. some works on the "Confessional Controversy,"
and other treatises, sermons, &c., 1767-1806. The Neces-
sitarian, 1783, Svo. Now very rare. Philologia Anglica ;
or a philological and synonymical Dictionary of the Eng-
lish Language, Lon., 1806, 4to.
*
A very cperose specimen of what may be termed an annotated
edition of Dr. Johnson's Dictionary. The design is to strike out
the superfluities of Johnson, to correct his errors, to amend his
definitions, to vary his examples, and to supply his omissions."
DR. DRAKE,
··
Dawson, Birket. Serm., 1802, 8vo.
Dawson, Charles. Analysis of Musical Composi-
tion, Lon., 1845, 12mo. Elements of Music, 1844, 12mo.
Teachers of music will find a library of useful knowledge in
Mr. Dawson's well-digested compendium; and we heartily recom-
mend it as a class-book to all engaged in the task of musical in-
struction."-Musical Review. April 13. 1844.
Dawson, Eli. Serm., 1760, 4to.
Dawson, G. Pearson, M.D.
Walcheren Diseases,
1810. A Nosological Practice of Physic, Lon., Svo.
"This volume contains. we will venture to say, inore correct
pathology and sound practice than any systematic work of the same
size in the English language.”—Johnson'sMed.-Chirurg. Keview,
Dawson, George. Origo Legum; or a Treatise of the
rigin of Laws, and their obliging power, Lon. 1694, fol.
Dawson, Rev. George, b. 1821, in London, has be-
come distinguished as a literary lecturer. Several articles
which appeared in the Birmingham Mercury were attri-
buted to his pen.
Gilfillan's Second Gallery of
See
Literary Portraits.
Dawson, Henry. Serm., 1777, 12mo.
Dawson, J. H. Law rel. to Attornies, &c., Lon., 1830.
Dawson, John. Eighteen Serms., Lon., 1642, 4to.
Dawson, John. Small Pox, &c., 1781, '85.
Dawson, John. Serm., 1791, 8vo.
Dawson, John. Lexicon Novi Testamenti, Lon.,
1709. Syo. Also pub. in Greek and English by W. C. Tay-
lor, 1831, Svo.
Dawson, John,1734-1820, an eminent mathematician,
had controversies with Emerson, Stewart, and Wildbore.
Dawson, Thos. The Good Husiuve's Jewell. In two
parts, Lon., 1596, '97, 16mo.
Dawson, Thomas. Memoirs of St. George, the Eng-
lish Patron; and of the Order of the Garter, Lon.. 1714, Svo.
Dawson, Thomas. Dissertations on Biblical Sub-
jects, Lon., 1727, Svo.
It is not a book of much importance."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Dawson, Thomas, M.D. Profess. treatises, 1744, 'S2.
Dawson, W. C. Laws of Georgia, 1831, 4to.
Dawson, Wm. Serm. on Phil. iv. 13, Svo.
Dawson, Wm. Atheist; a Phil. Poem, 1723, 4to.
Dawson, Wm. Poetry of Nations, 1814, Svo.
Dax, Thomas. Offices of the Masters, Lon., 1844,
12mo. Other legal treatises.
·
Day. Report for Committee of Survey H. Commons,
and a Charge to the Grand Jury of the county of Dublin.
Day, Angel. English Secretorie, Lon., 1586, 4to.
Day, Charles W. Five Years in the West Indies,
Lon.. 2 vols.
"It would be unjust to deny the vigour, brilliancy, and varied
interest of this work, the abundant stores of anecdote and inte-
rest, and the copious detail of local habits and peculiarities in each
island visited in succession."-Lon. Globe.
Day, G. E. Disenses of Old Age, &c., Lon., 1848, 8vo.
Amer. ed., Phil., 1849, 8vo.
Day, Harry. Stock Companies, 1808, 8vo.
Day, Henry. Serm.. 1696, 4to.
Day, Henry N., b. 1808, in Connecticut, grad. at Yale
College, 1828; Prof. of Rhetoric at Western Reserve Col-
lege, 1840. Art of Elocution. Art of Rhetoric, 1850, 12mo.
I am now using it, with very great satisfaction, in the instruc-
tion of my classes.”—Jons W. PRATT, Prof. of Rhetoric in the Uni-
versity of Alabama.
•
Prof. Day has contributed to numerous journals.
Day, Joseph. Exam. of Attornies, &c., Lon., 1795, 4to.
Day, Rev. Lionel, son of John Day, the famous Eng-
lish printer. Concio ad Clerum, Oxon., 1632, fol.
Day, Martha, 1813-1833, was a daughter of President
Day of Yale College. She attained great proficiency in
mathematics and the languages, and wrote poetry of un-
common merit. A collection of her Literary Remains, with
Memorials of her Life and Character, was pub. at New Ha-
ven by Prof. Kingsley.
"Her poems were buds of promise, which justified the anticipa-
tions that were entertained of her eininence in literature."—Gris-
wold's Female. Paets of America.
Day, Martin, "that learned and judicious divine.”
22 Serms., Lon., 1632, 4to. Some of his serms. are in the
collection entitled The House of Mourning, 1660, fol.
Day, Matthew. Excerpta in sex priores libros Homeri
Iliados, Lon., 1652, 12mo.
Day, Rev. Richard, son of John Day, the famous
English printer, was also a printer as well as a clergyman.
He wrote some verses, Contra Papistos Incendiaros, in
Fox's Martyrology, 1576; and trans. Fox's De Christo tri-
umphante Comædia, to which he wrote a preface and two
dedications. The father of the three clergymen just no-
ticed-John Day-contributed essentially to the promotion
of the English Reformation by his editions of the Bible,
Fox's Martyrs, Ascham's and other works.
"As a printer, Richard Day justly merits the honour of attempt
ing a general reform in the distinct use of the letters j and i, v,
and u. which he observed in P. Baro's Treatises. De Fide, &c."
Day, Richard. Petition to Parliament, 1652, 4to.
Day, Hon. Robert. Free Thoughts, in Defence of
a Future State, Lon., 1700, Svo.
Day, Robert. Serm., 1779, Svo.
Day, Samuel Phillips, formerly a monk of the or-
der of the Presentation. Monastic Institutions; their ori-
gin, progress, nature, and tendency, Lon., 1844, fp. 8vo;
2d ed., 1846. Life in a Convent, 1848, 12mo.
Day, Thomas, 1748-1789, a philanthropist, poet, and
political writer. The Dying Negro, 1773; in conjunction
with Mr. Bicknell; intended to promote the abolition of
slavery. The Devoted Legions; a Poem against the war
with America, 1776. The Desolation of America; a Poem,
1777. Letters of Marius, 1784, Svo. Reflections on tho
Present State of England and the Independence of Ame-
rica, 1782, 8vo.
4.
From the inflexible spirit of the Americans, and their deter-
mined resolution to be free, Mr. Day gives it as his opinion that
America ought to be declared independent. He conceives that
great advantages will result from this measure. and his reasonings
are solid and well supported. He affirms that England ought to
yield with magnanimity what she cannot withhold by arms."-
Lon. Monthly Feview.
:
History of Sandford and Merton, 1783-89, 3 vols. 12mo.
This is a deservedly popular work. It was trans. into
publications. See Account of his Life and Writings by
French by M. Berquin. History of Little Jack. Other
James Keir, Lon., 1791, 8vo.
"The pool of mercenary and time-serving ethics was first blown
over by the fresh country breeze of Mr. Day's Sandford and Mer-
ton, a production that I well remember, and shall ever be grateful
for... It assisted the cheerfulness I inherited from my father;
showed me that circumstances were not a check to a healthy gayety,
or the most masculine self-respect; and helped to supply me with
a resolution of standing by a principle. not merely as a point of
lowly or lofty sacrifice. but as a matter of common sense and duty,
and a simple co-operation with the elements of natural warfare,
LEIGH HUNT.
DAY
DEC
Day, Thomas. Medical treatises, 1772, '85.
1814, aged about 73. New England Farmer, or Georgical
Day, Hon. Thomas, 1777–1855, a native of Con- | Diet., 2d ed., 1797, 8vo. Serms., 1794, '95.
necticut. Reports of Cases, &c. Supreme Court of Errors
of Conn. 1814 to '28 inc., 6 vols. 8vo. A Digest of Re-France.
ported Cases of Sup. Court of Errors of Conn. from 1786
to 1829, 8vo. His vols. of Reports amount to 26, besides
Digests to most of the series. He also edited several Eng.
lish law-works, in all about 40 vols.
Deane, Silas, d. 1789, minister of the U. States to
Address to the Independent Citizens of the U.
States. Letters to Hon. Robt. Morris, New London, 1784,
sm. 4to; Lon., 8vo. Deane's vindication from alleged mis-
management of the public funds will be found here. The
New London ed, contains matter not in the London ed.
Deane's intercepted Letters to his brother and others were
pub. in 1782. He died in great poverty at Deal in Eng-
land. See Warren's Amer. Rev.; Marshall; Gordon.
Dearborn, Gen. Henry Alexander Scammell,
1783-1851, b. at Exeter, N.H., son of Gen. Dearborn, of
the American Revolution. 1. Memoir on the Commerce
of the Black Sca, Boston, 1819, 2 vols. 8vo, and 1 vol. 4to
of Maps. 2. Letters on the Internal Improvements and
Commerce of the West, 1839, Svo. 3. Biography of Com-
modore Bainbridge. 4. Memoir of his Father. He left
in MS. A Diary in 45 vols., a Memoir of his Father-in-
law, Col. Wm. R. Lee, and a History of the Battle of
Bunker's Hill.
Day, Valentine. Serm., Lon., 1818, 8vo.
Day, Wm. 1. Isaiah. 2. Romans, 1654, '68.
Day, Wm. Man's Destruction, Lon., 1713, 12mo.
Day, Wm. The Shepherd's Boy: Pastoral Tales, 1804.
Day, Wm. Slavery in America Shown to be Peculiarly
Abominable, Lon., 1841, 8vo. Punctuation Reduced to a
System; 6th ed.. 1853, 18mo.
"Mr. Day has laboured with success; and his little book should
be read attentively.”—The Critic,
Daye, Eliza. Poems, 1798, 8vo.
Daye, James. Serms., 1752, 4to.
Dayes, Edward. Works, Lon., 1805, 4to. Contains
an excursion through Derbyshire and Yorkshire, with notes
by E. W. Brayley; essays on painting; instructions for
drawing and colouring, and professional sketches of modern
artists.
Dayrell, Richard, D.D. Serm., 1759, 4to.
Deacon,Aug. Elements of Perspec. Drawing, 1841.8vo.
"A well-reasoned and clearly-written pamphlet."-Lon. Ezam.
Deacon, D. D., Jr. Poems, Chesterf., 1790, 4to.
Deacon, E. E. Game Laws, Lon., 1831, Svo. L. and
P. of Bankruptcy, 2d ed., 1846, 2 vols. 8vo. Crim. Law,
1836, 2 vols. Svo. Cases in Bankruptcy, 1837-41, 4 vols.
r. Svo. Guide to Magis., 1843, 2 vols. 8vo. Deacon, E. E.,
and Chitty, Ed., Reports in Bankruptcy, 1833-37, 4 vols.
Deacon, H. Treat. on the V. Disease, 1789, Sro.
Deacon, John. Godlie Serm., Lon., 1586, Svo.
Deacon, John. Tobacco tortured in the filthy Fumes
of Tobacco refined, Lon., 1616, 4to. Treatise of the Flux,
1657, 12mo.
Deacon, John. Theolog. treatises. Discourses of
Spirits and Devils, by John Duncan and John Walker,
1601, 4to.
Deacon, John. Charge and Sermon, 1786, Svo.
Deacon, John. Hymns and Psalms, 1801, 18mo.
Deacon, Thomas. Theolog. publications, Lon.,
1734-48.
Deacon, W. F. Annette; a Tale; with a memoir of
the author by Hon. Sir T. N. Talfourd, Lon., 1853, 3 vols.
"It has enough in it of life and interest to keep it for some years
to come in request."-Lon. Examiner.
Deacon, Wm. Justification by Faith, 1794, 4to.
Deacon, Wm. Stage Waggons, &c., 1807.
Deakin, Richard, M.D. Florigraphia Britannica,
Lon., 1837-41, 4 vols. Svo.
Dealtry, R. B. Serm., 1782, 4to.
Dealtry, Robt.
Monody; Elegy, 1809, 4to.
Dealtry, Wm., 1775-1847, Archdeacon of Surrey.
Fluxions, 1810, Svo; 1816. Sec Quart. Rev. Serms.,
&c.,
1810-46.
Dean, Amos, b. 1803. Lectures on Phrenology, Svo,
pp. 252, 1835. Philosophy of Human Life, Svo, pp. 300,
1839. Manual of Law, Albany, 1838, 8vo. Principles of
Medical Jurisprudence, Albany, 1850, pp. 664, Svo.
"The design appears to have been well executed."—Amer. Law
|
Journal.
"Whatever may be deficient in the work of Dr. Beck, will be
found amply supplied in the one of which the title is placed at the
head of this article.”—U. S. Law Mag.
See also Western Law Journal and The Law Reporter.
Dean, G. A. Construction of Farm Buildings and
Labourers' Cottages, Lon., 1850, r. Svo.
"This work is on an extensive and improved scale, and its merit
very considerable.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Dean, John. Legerdemain, Lon., 1622, 12mo.
Dean, John. His Sufferings, &c., Lon., 1711, Svo.
Falsification of the above by Chris. Longman, N. Miller,
and G. White, 1711, Svo.
Dean, John. Account of Ship Sussex, 1740, Svo.
Dean, Rev. Rd. Future Life of Brutes, 1768, 2 vols.
Dean, S. Swedenborg's writings, 1802. Serms., 1795,
Deane, Edmond, b. 1572. Spadaerene Anglica, or
the English Spa-Fontaine, Lon., 1626, 4to.
"A learned and ingenious treatise."-BISHOP NICOLSON
Admiranda Chymica, Frankf., 1630, 8vo. On Harrow.
gate Water, York, 1654, 8vo.
Deane, Henry. Letter to Bp. of Salisb., 1845, Svo.
Deane, Rev. J. Serpent-Worship, Lon., 1832, 4to.
Deane, John. Letter from Moscow, Lon., 1699, fol.
Deane, Richard. Baptism, Lon.. 1693, 12mo.
Deane, Saml., D.D., minister of Portland, Maine, d.
Deare, James. Trans. of Virgil's Georgies, 1808.
Dearing, or Deering, Sir Edward, was first a re-
publican, subsequently a zealous supporter of K. Chas. I.
Collection of Speeches in matters of Religion, Lon., 1642,
4to. Character of Maria, his late lady, 1601, Svo. Some
of his speeches, &c. were pub. separately, 1641-44.
Dearle, Edw. Sure Guide for Youth, 1791, Svo.
Dearn, T. D. W. Works on Architecture, 1807, '09,
11, 21. Hist. Topog., and Descrip. Account of the Weald
of Kent, 1814, Svo.
Dearsly, H. R. Drainage Act, 10 and 11 Vict., Lon.,
1847, 12mo. Law of Banks and Bankers, with Charter,
&c. of Bk. of Eng.
Deas, Geo., and Jas. Anderson.
Cases decided
Edin., 1829-33, 5 vols. 8vo.
in Ct. of Session, Jury Ct., and H. Ct. of Just., 1829-32,
Dease, Wm. Med. treatises, Dubl., and Lon., 1776–86.
Deason, T. Serm. on Death, 1799, 8vo.
Deason, Wm. See DEACON.
Debary, Rev. Thos. Notes of a Residence in the
Canary Islands, the South of Spain, and Algiers, Lon.,
1851, 12mo.
Debdin, Waldron. Compendious Hist. of the Eng-
lish Stage, 1800.
Debenham, Thos. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1751.
Debords, Lewis. Serm., 1723, 8vo.
De Bow, James D. B., was born in Charleston,
S. C, 1820; graduated at Charleston Coll., 1842; removed
to New Orleans, 1845. Professor of Political Economy
and Statistics in the University of Louisiana, 1847. Edited
the Southern Quarterly Review, 1843-45. Originated De
Bow's Monthly Review at New Orleans, 1846, which he still
conducts. Author of Industrial Resources and Statistics
of the Southern and Western States, 1853, 3 vols. 8vo. Two
years Superintendent of the United States Census at Wash-
ington. Compiled 3 vols. of the Statistics, the quarto edi-
tion, and the Compendium of the Census, 1854. Also the
volume of Mortality, Statistics, &c.
Debraw, John.
John. Sex of Bees, Lon., 1777, Svo.
Debrett, John. New Foundling Hospital, Lon., 1784,
12mo. State Papers, 1791-1803; pub. in 11 vols. Svo. Par-
liamentary Papers, 1797, 3 vols. Svo. New Baronetage of
England, 1803, 2 vols. 18mo; new ed. by G. W. Collen,
1840, Svo. Peerage of England, Scotland, and Ireland,
Lon., 1809, 2 vols. 12mo; 16th ed., 1826; new ed. by G. W.
Collen, 1849, r. Svo. Asylum for Fugitive Picces in Prose
and Verse, 4 vols. 12mo.
Decan. Latin Syllables, Lon., 1784, 8vo.
De Charms, Richard, b. 1796, at Philadelphia, a
Swedenborgian divine, has contributed to the literature of
his Church, and edited several of its periodicals. He is
the author of The New Churchman Extra, Sermons, Lec-
tures, &c.
De Chemant, D. Artificial Teeth, 1798.
Decker, Sir Matthew, an English merchant. Causes
of the Decline of the Foreign Trade, Lon., 1744, 4to; Edin.,
1756, 12mo. Considerations on High Duties, Lon., 1743,
Svo. Fauquier ascribes the first tract to a Mr. Richardson.
See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy. Sir M. D.'s
Scheme for a Tax on Houses laid open, 1757, Svo.
Decker, P. Chinese Architecture, Lon., 1795, 4to.
Decker, Dekkar, Derkar, or Dekker, Thomas,
acquired some celebrity among the wits of the reign of
James I. as a writer of plays and tracts upon the vices and
customs of the age. He wrote plays in conjunction with
Webster, Rowley, Ford, and Jonson. It chanced, how-
487
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DEF
ever, that "Rare Ben" quarrelled with him, and, it was sup-
posed, went so far as to ridicule him under the character
of Crispinus in the "Poetaster." But Mr. Gilchrist has
proved that Marston was intended by this personage. How-
ever, Decker displayed Jonson to the amusement of the
town, in his piece of Satiro-Mastix, or the Untrussing of
the humourous Poet. Ben here figures as Horace Junior
-he had assumed the name of Horace and his allusions
to Decker's ill-favoured visage are thus repaid:
"You staring Leviathan! look on the sweet visage of Horace:
look, parboiled face: look-he has not his face puncht full of eylet
holes, like the cover of a warming pan!"
Jonson replied in an address to the Reader introduced
in the 4to ed. of his play, styling Decker The Untrusser.
Decker's plays amount to twenty-eight, and his tracts to
about five-and-twenty. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Drake's
Shakspeare and his Times; Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poetry;
Bibl. Anglo-Poet.; Collier's Hist. of Eng. Dramat. Poet.
His best-known plays are Fortunatus, or the Wishing Cap;
and The Honest Whore; and his best-known tract is The
Gull's Horn Book, of which a new ed. was pub. in 1812,
Bristol, 4to, edited by Dr. Nott.
"His 'Gul's Horue Booke, or fashions to please all sorts of Guls,'
first printed in 1609, exhibits a very curious, minute, and interest-
ing picture of the manners and habits of the middle class of so-
ciety, and on this account will be hereafter frequently referred to
In these pares.”—Drake's Shakspeare and his Times.
Sir Walter Scott draws largely from the Gall's Horn
Book, in his description of London life, in The Fortunes
of Nigel. Decker is supposed to have died about 1639.
De Clarovade, E. Watchman's Alarm, or the Bur-
den of England, Ireland, and Scotland, Lon., 1646, 4to.
De Clifford, Lord. Letter to Electors. 1790, 8vo.
De Coetlogon, Charles E., an English Calvinist
divine of French descent, d. 1820. Sermons, &c., Lon.,
1776-1818.
"The matter of his discourses was replete with ingenious illus-
tration, sound argument, and pointed application.”—Middleton's
Ecclesiastical Memoirs.
De Coetlogon, Dennis, M.D. Profess. and other
publications, Lon. 1739-46. Universal Dict. of Arts and
Sciences, Lon., 1745, 2 vols. fol.
De Coignet, P. Refut. of Cotton's Letter for the
Jesuits' killing of kings, 1611.
De Courcy, Richard, Vicar of St. Alkmond, d. 1803.
Theolog. treatises, 1776-1810.
"His sermons were in language dignified. in reasoning perspi-
cuous, embellished by apposite allusions, and ornamented with
many of the graces of oratory.”—Lon. Gent. Mag.
De Crespigny, Caroline. Visions of Great Men
and other Poems, Lon.. 12mo. Enchanted Rose. from
Schultz, 1844, p. 8vo. My Souvenir; or Poems and Trans-
lations, 1844, 8vo.
"She appears to have resided long abroad, and to have caught
something of the earnest and profound. yet mystical, feeling that
pervades the poetry of Germany."-Britannia.
De Crespigny, Mrs. Champion. The Poor Sol-
dier: inscribed to Mrs. C., Lon.. 1789, 4to. Letters of
Advice. 1803, Svo. Monody on the Death of Lord C., 1810.
Dede, James. English Botanist's P. Companion,
1809.
Dee, Arthur, son of the famous John Dee, was phy-
sician to Charles I. Fasciculus Chymicus, &c., 1631, 12mo,
trans. into English by James Hasolle, [i. e. Elias Ashmole,]
1650, 12mo. See ASUMOLE, ELIAS.
Dee, John, 1527-1608, was one of the most remark-
able characters of a remarkable age. His genius was of
80 comprehensive a description, that he could alternately
devote his attention to the speculations of philosophy, the
lessons of divinity, the problems of mathematics, the ex-
periments of chemistry, the mysteries of astrology, and the
incantations of magic. When only 15, he was, he tells us,
meetly well furnished with understanding of the Latin
tongue," and entering St. John's College, Cambridge, "I
was so vehemently bent to study, that for these years
[1543-45] I did inviolably keep this order: only to sleep
four hours every night; to allow to meat and drink, and
zome refreshments after, two hours every day; and of the
other eighteen hours, all, except the time of going to, and
being at, the divine service, was spent in my studies and
learning."
(6
In 1547 he visited Flanders, and on his return was made
Fellow of Trinity College. His devotion to astronomy
drew upon him the suspicion of being a reader of the stars,
and he found it expedient to return to the University of
Louvain, where he became highly distinguished. He sub-
sequently visited Paris, and delivered lectures upon Eu-
clid, which gave so much satisfaction that he was invited
to accept the ma hematical professorship of the University.
In 1551 he returned to England, where he was warmly
received; but soon fell into trouble, being suspected of
favouring the cause of the Princess Elizabeth and prac-
tising against Queen Mary's life by enchantments. Unable
to convict him of this crime, or of heresy, his prosecutors
set him at liberty, and in a few months afterwards (Jan.
15, 1556) he evinced his zeal for learning by presenting a
supplication to Queen Mary for the recovery and preserva-
tion of ancient writers and monuments. Upon the acces-
sion of Elizabeth he would certainly have received sub.
stantial marks of her regard for she treated him with
great respect at different times during her reign—but the
public insisted that he was too intimate with the great
enemy; and even went so far as to break into his house dur-
ing his absence from the kingdom, and destroy his mathe-
matical instruments and many of his books. As the people
would have it that he was a magician, Dee seems now te
have imbibed the same opinion, and forming a copartner..
ship with Edward Kelley and the Count Laski, a Polish
nobleman, he professed to hold communion with spirits.
For further particulars respecting this extraordinary cha-
racter and his writings, the reader must consult the works
indicated below. The philosopher suffered much in the
latter part of his life from the privations incident to ex-
treme poverty. His talents and acquirements were great.
The mathematical notes to Sir Henry Billingsley's trans.
of Euclid, pub. in 1570, fol., would have done credit to
any scholar of the age; the Memorials pertayning to the
perfect Arte of Navigation, 1577, fol., display the hand of
a master, and the reformation of the calendar entitles him
to the gratitude of posterity. See Life by Smith in Vitæ
Eruditissimorum Virorum, and in Hearne's Joan. Confra-
tis et Monachi Glastoniensis Chronica, 2 vols. Svo, 1726.
Biog. Brit.; Athen. Oxon. Niceron, vol. i.; Lysons's En-
virons; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; "A Relation of what passed
for many years between Dr. John Dee and some Spirits:
as also the Letters of sundry great Men and Princes to
said Dr. Dee; with a Preface by Meric Casaubon, D.D.,
1659, fol. A copy of this curious work, which excited
much attention at the time of its publication, is worth
about £5. In 1842 the Cambridge Society pub. The Pri-
vate Diary of Dr. John Dee, with a Catalogue of his Li-
brary of Scientific MSS. This was edited by one of the
most eminent antiquaries of our own day-James Orchard
Halliwell, Esq.
Deeble, Wm. Thanet and the Cinque Ports, 2 vols.
Deems, Charles F., D.D., b. at Baltimore, 1820;
graduated at Dickinson College, 1839; Professor in the
University of N. Carolina, 1842; Prof. of Chemistry in
Randolph Macon Coll., 1848; President of Greensboro'
Coll.. 1850; President of Centenary Coll., 1854. Author
of-1. Triumph of Peace, and other Poems. 2. Devotional
Melodies. 3. Twelve College Sermons. 4. Life of Rev.
Dr. Clarke. 5. Home Altar. 6. What Now? Edited 5
volumes of Southern Methodist Pulpit. Contrib. to the
Gentleman's Magazine, Southern Methodist Quarterly, and
other journals.
Deering, Charles, M.D., a native of Saxony, settled
in England, and d. at Nottingham in 1749. Small Pox,
Lon., 1737, 8vo. Cat. of Plants, 1738, Svo. Nottinghami
|
vetus et nova, Nottingham, 1754, 4to.
Deering, Edward, a Puritan divine, d. 1576; Rec-
tor of Pluckley, 1569; of Salisbury, 1571. He was an
eloquent preacher and a warm disputant. Workes, 1614.
Pub. separately. 1568-99.
Deering, Sir Edward. See DEARING.
Deering, Nathaniel, a native of Portland, Maine,
graduated at Harvard College in 1810. He is the authur
of two five-act tragedies, Carobasset, or The Last of the
Norridgewocks: and Bozzaris.
Deering, Richard, a musical composer and organist
to Q. Henrietta Maria. See John Playford's Cantica Sacra,
1674, fol., for some of his compositions.
Dees, R. D. Insolvent Debtors, Lon., 1843, 12mo.
De Foe, Daniel, 1661-1731, was a son of James
Foe, (the son prefixed a De to his name,) a butcher of St.
Giles, Cripplegate, London. Educated among the Dis-
senters, he was intended for a Presbyterian minister; but
we find him first a political author, (in 1683) then a sol-
dier, as an adherent of the Duke of Monmouth, and subse
quently a hosier, a tilemaker, and a woollen merchant, in
succession. The publication referred to above is the Trea-
tise against the Turks, which was intended to support the
cause of the Austrians. His excellent treatise. called ar
Essay upon Projects, appeared in 1697. In 1699 he pub.
a poetical satire entitled The True-born Englishman, a
defence of King William and the Dutch. This was suc-
483
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!
cessful, and gave the author a great reputation. Three
years later, the publication of The Shortest Way with the
Dissenters, involved De Foe in great trouble.
46
In this playful piece of irony, the author gravely proposed, as
the easiest and speediest way of ridding the land of Dissenters, to
hang their ministers and banish the people. But both Church-
men and Dissenters viewed the whole in a serious light; and while
many of the former applauded the author as a staunch and worthy
Churchman, as many of the latter, filled with apprehensions dire,
began to prepare for Tyburn and Smithfield."
I
The High Church party, however, were not disposed to
tolerate irony; the House of Commons declared the book
a libel, and ordered it to be burnt by the bands of the
common hangman; and the zealous polemic was invited to
assume a prominent position in the pillory. Pope thus
refers to this unpalatable exaltation:
"Earless on high stood unabashed De Foe."-Dunciad.
The sufferer himself displayed his equanimity by indit-
ing a hymn to the pillory, which he describes as
"A hieroglyphic state-machine
Condemned to punish fancy in.”
1
"The Plan of the English Commerce is full of information; and,
though desultory, is ably written, and contains sundry passages
in which the influence of trade and industry in promoting the
well-being of the labouring classes and the public wealth is set in
the most striking point of view. . . . Giving Alms no Charity is
written with considerable cleverness. . . . But these arguments
But these arguments
are not so conclusive as some have supposed. . . . The truth is,
that in matters of this sort De Foe was quite as prejudiced and
.purblind as the bulk of those around him. He had not read, or
if he had read, he had plainly. at all events, profited nothing by,
'the conclusive reasonings in the Tract on the East India Trade,
previously referred to. See p. 100."-McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.
Another authority entitled to great respect, remarks:
"As a commercial writer, De Foe is fairly entitled to stand in
the foremost rank among his contemporaries, whatever may be
their performances or their fame. . . . His distinguishing charac
teristics are originality and depth. He has many sentiments with
regard to traffick, which are scattered through his Reviews, and
which I never read in any other book."-George Chalmers's Life
of De Foe, Lon. 1790, Svo.
·
!
Whilst imprisoned in Newgate, where he was confined
for two years, he pub. a periodical paper called The Re-
view. In 1706 he again entered the political field by his
Essay at removing Prejudices against an Union with Scot-
land, and in 1709 pub. his celebrated History of the Union.
The last of his political tracts was An Appeal to Honour and
Justice, intended as a hint to the House of Hanover of the
obligations due to the neglected writer. A proper reward
for his services would have been very acceptable to the
author, for he seldom prospered in trade, and often knew
the bitterness of pecuniary embarrassment. Among his
best-known works, which amount in number to at least
210-Wilson thinks some have escaped him, and see
Lowndes's Bibl. Man., Watt's Bibl., and Biog. Brit.-are
the following: Robinson Crusoe, (first pub. in 1719;) A
New Voyage round the World; The Life of Captain Sin-
gleton; The Adventures of Roxana; the Hist. of Duncan
Campbell; The Life of Moll Flanders; The Life of Colo-
nel Jack; The Memoirs of a Cavalier during the Civil
Wars in England; Religious Courtship; A Journal of the
Plague in 1665; The Political Hist. of the Devil and A
System of Magic; A Relation of the Apparition of one
Mrs. Veal; A Tour through England and Scotland; An
Essay on the Treaty of Commerce with France; A Plan
of the English Commerce; Giving Alms no Charity. Of in my opinion. affords a complete treatise on natural education.
the last two works an eminent authority remarks:
"As we must have books, there is one already written, which,
This book shall be the first Emilius shall read; in this, indeed,
will, for a long time. consist his whole library, and it will always
hold a distinguished place among others. It will afford us the
text to which all our conversations on the objects of natural
science will serve only as a comment. It will serve us as our
guide during our progress to a state of reason; and will ever
afterwards give us constant pleasure, unless our taste be wholly
vitiated.
An ed. of the novels of De Foe was pub. in Edinburgh
in 1810, 12 vols. 8vo. Works, with Memoir of his Life and
Writings by W. Hazlitt, Lon. 1840-43, 3 vols. 8vo.
Mis-
cellaneous Works, with Memoir, Literary Prefaces, Illus-
trative Notes, &c. by Sir Walter Scott and others, (Tal-
This ed. is
boy's ed.,) Oxford, 1840-41, 20 vols. 12mo.
now very scarce. It was pub. at £5. The reader must
not fail to procure that interesting work, The Life and
Times of Daniel De Foe, with Review of his Writings and
Opinions on. Important Matters, by Walter Wilson, Lon.
1830, 3 vols. Svo.
"I have given your volumes a careful perusal, and they have
taken their degree of classical books on my shelves. De Foe was
always my darling; but what darkness was I in as to far the larger
part of his writings! I have now an epitome of them all."—C, LAMB.
Before quoting some testimonies to De Foe's general
merits as an author, and notices of particular works, it will
be only proper to cite some opinions upon that delightful
romance-among the first and last of our literary luxuries
-Robinson Crusoe.
"As this is the latest, so it is the most authentic, account of
Selkirk. and embraces a variety of particulars relating to his per-
sonal history, never before communicated to the public. It is an
elegant little volume. and will be read with interest by every ad-
mirer of Robinson Crusoe."- Wilson's Memoir of Daniel De Foe.
"De Foe has been charged with surreptitiously appropriating
the papers of Alexander Selkirk to the formation of his celebrated
work; but the charge, though repeatedly and confidently brought,
appears to be destitute of foundation."-PARK.
Howell's Life and Adventures of Selkirk must not be
neglected by the reader.
Other accounts of Selkirk will be found in his own nar-
ration, entitled Providence Displayed, printed from Capt.
Woodes Rogers's Cruising Voyage round the World, 1712.
See Isaac James's publication of Providence Displayed,
Lon., 1800, 12mo-in Capt. Edw. Cooke's Voyage, 1712,
P. 34; in the Englishman, by Sir Rd. Steele, No. 26; and
in Collet's Relics of Literature, 341-44.
Robinson Crusoe first appeared in a periodical publica-
tion entitled The Original London Post, or Heathcote's
Intelligencer, Nos. 125 to 289 inclusive, in 1719. Its suc-
cess was so great, that four edits. were pub., 3 in 2 vols.
In 1720,
8vo, and an abridgt. in 12mo, in the same year.
8vo, appeared Serious Reflections during the Life and Ad-
ventures of Robinson Crusoe with his Vision of the An-
gelic World. This was intended as a third vol. to Robin-
eon Crusoe, but was not so well received. Of the many
eds. of Crusoe, we may especially notice Tyas's illustrated
one, pub. in about 40 Nos., with
one, pub. in about 40 Nos., with engravings from designs
by Granville, and an ed. of 1820, 2 vols. 8vo, with engrav-
ings by Charles Heath, from designs by Mr. Stothard.
If ever the late Mr. Stothard entered more warinly upon any
Crusoe have that honour; composed at a time when he was in
one of his labours than another, these illustrations to Robinson
fullest possession of his powers, there is a charm about them
which no other book illustrations possess. They are as unique in
their way as the book they adorn.'
"Robinson Crusoe must be allowed, by the most rigid moralists,
to be one of those novels which one may read, not only with plea-
sure, but also with profit. It breathes throughout a spirit of
piety and benevolence; it sets in a very striking light the im-
portance of the mechanic arts, which they who know not what it
is to be without them are apt to undervalue. It fixes in the mind
a lively idea of the horrors of solitude, and. consequently, of the
sweets of social life, and of the blessings we derive from conversa-
tion and mutual aid; and it shows how by labouring with one's
own hands, one may secure independence, and open for one's self
many sources of health and amusement. I agree, therefore, with
Rousseau. that this is one of the best books that can be put into
the hands of children."-Dr. Beattie's Moral and Critical Disser
tations.
""
We quote from Rousseau's opinion, referred to by Dr.
Beattie :
"You ask impatiently, What is the title of this wonderful book?
Is it Aristotle. Pliny, or Buffon? No; it is ROBINSON CRUSOE."-
Emilius and Sophia, or a New System of Education, li. 59–63, Eng-
lish trans. 1767, 12mo.
"Was there ever any thing written by mere man, that the reader
wished longer, except Robinson Crusoe, Don Quixote, and the
Pilgrim's Progress?"-DR. SAML. JOHNSON.
"How happy that this, the most moral of romances. is not only
the most charming of books, but also the most instructive."--
CHALMERS.
"Robinson Crusoe is delightful to all ranks and classes. It is
capital kitchen reading, and equally worthy from its deep interest.
to find a place in the libraries of the wealthiest and the most
learned."-CHARLES LAMB.
"Perhaps there exists no work, either of instruction or enter
tainment, in the English language, which has been more gene-
rally read, and more univerally admired, than the Life and Ad-
ventures of Robinson Crusoe. It is difficult to say in what the
charm consists, by which persons of all classes and denominations
are thus fascinated: yet the majority of readers will recollect it as
among the first works that awakened and interested their youth-
ful attention; and feel, even in advanced life, and in the maturity
of their understanding, that there are still associated with Robin-
son Crusoe, the sentiments peculiar to that period, when all is
new, all glittering in prospect. and when those visions are most
bright, which the experience of after life tends only to darken and
destroy."-SIR WALTER SCOTT.
We shall now quote some opinions of a few of our au-
thor's other works, and of his peculiar excellencies as an
author:
"De Foe was employed by Queen Anne on a special mission to
Scotland respecting the Union. His work is the most authentic
on the subject."-CHALMERS.
"His History of the Union is sufficient to place the author
among the soundest historians of the day.”—T. F. DIBDIx.
"De Foe visited Scotland about the time of the Union, and it is
evident that the anecdotes concerning this unhappy period, must
have been peculiarly interesting to a man of his liveliness of ina-
gination, who excelled all others in dramatizing a story, and pre-
senting it in actual speech and action before the reader.”— Lun.
Quar. Rev, xxiv. 361.
"It will be in vain to contend for any thing like the same merit
J
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DEL
(as in (rusoe) in Moll Flanders, Captain Singleton, Colonel Jack,
and Roxana yet it is, in part, of the same description. We ad-
vert to the singular truth and correctness of the individual por-
traiture. Whether it is possible to benefit the world by veritable
likenesses of harlots. pirates, and sharpers, may be doubted; but
it is something to have them exhibited in their native deformity,
without being sentimentalized into Gulnares. Conrads, and inte-
resting enfuns perdus of that Byronic description. Whatever ca-
reat may be entered against these productions, the first-rate sign
of genius, the power of imagining a character within a certain
range of existence, and throwing into it the breath of life and in-
dividualization, was a pre-eminent mental characteristic of De
Foe."-Westminster Review, xiii. 69, &c.
While all ages and descriptions of people bang delighted over
Robinson Crusoe, and shall continue to do so, we trust, while the
world lasts, how few comparatively will bear to be told, that there
exist other fictitious narratives by the same writer-four of them
at least of no inferior interest: Roxana-Singleton-Moll Flanders
-Colonel Jack-are all genuine offspring of the same father. An
unpractised midwife would swear to the nose, lip, forehead, and
eye of every one of them. They are, in their way, as full of inci-
dent, and some of them every bit as romantic.... We would not
hesitate to say, that in no other book of fiction. where the lives of
such characters are described, is guilt and delinquency made less
seductive, or the suffering made more closely to follow the com-
mission, or the penitence more earnest or more bleeding, or the
intervening flashes of religious visitation upon the rude, uninhis,
structed soul, more meltingly and fearfully painted."-C. LAMB.
"Most of our readers are probably familiar with De Foe's his-
tory of that great calamity (the Plague)-a work in which fabu-
lous incidents and circumstances are combined with authentic nar-
ratives, with an art and verisimilitude which no other writer has
ever been able to communicate to fiction. . . . The author of Roally considered as adding to the reputation of a writer: it is a pe
binson Crusce was an Englishman, and one of those Englishmen
culiar honour to De Foe that he had none. Wherever he has stolen
who make us proud of the name.”—Edin. Rev. xxiv. 321.
a grace beyond the reach of art, wherever the vigour and freshness
of nature are apparent, there he is inaccessible to imitation.
In the fictions of De Foe we meet with nothing that is artificial, or
that does not breathe the breath of life.”—Lon. Retrospective Ro
view. iii. 354, 1821.
"Few men have been more accurate observers of life and man-
ners, and of the mechanism of society, than De Foe. . . . Ilis No-
vels, in spite of much improbability, have been oftener taken for
true narratives than any fictions that ever were composed.”—Lon.
Quar. Rev. xxiv. 361.
In proof of the above assertion, we may mention that
the alleged appearance of the apparition of Mrs. Veal was
believed to be sober matter of fact; the Memoirs of a Ca-
valier have been often cited as historical authority, and were
credited by Lord Chatham; the Journal of the Plague was
believed by as keen critics as Dr. Mead and Dr. Cheyne;
and still more amusing-the track of the pretended Voy-
age round the World was actually laid down in a staid,
dignified, respectable-looking map! On the publication of
the Voyage to the World of Cartesius, "scarce mention was
made of this New World, but an infinite number of French,
English, and Dutchmen resolve to go and see it." p. 1.
The compliment conveyed in the last sentence of the
annexed quotation which we italicize is therefore well
deserved:
"As a writer of fiction, whether we consider the originality of
his genius, the simplicity of his design, or the utility of his moral,
De Foe is now universally acknowledged to stand in the foremost
ground. That his inventive powers were of the first order, no one
can doubt; nor that he possessed the art, above most other men, of
infusing into his performances all the genuine pathos of nature,
without the least apparent effort or exaggeration."-WILSON.
Sir Walter Scott thus defines the pathos which affects us
so sensibly in the writings of De Foe:
"Pathos is not De Foe's general characteristic: he had too little
re-
delicacy of mind. When it comes, it comes uncalled, and is
ated by the circumstances, not sought for by the author. The ex-
cess, for instance, of the natural longing for human society which |
Crusoe manifests while on board of the stranded Spanish vessel,
by falling into a sort of agony, as he repeated the words, 'Oh that
but one man had been saved! oh that there had been but one!' is
in the highest degree pathetic. The agonizing reflections of the
solitary, when he is in danger of being driven to sea. in his rash
attempt to circumnavigate his island. are also affecting."
"He must be acknowledged as one of the ablest, as he was one
of the most captivating, writers of which this isle can boast."-
CHALMERS.
In an estimate of the writings of De Foe, the strongly-
marked moral and religious tendency of his compositions
must by no means be forgotten. The eminent authority
just quoted, who, as his biographer, carefully investigated
the incidents of a troubled life extending to the threescore
and ten years allotted to man, declares as the result of his
investigations that
"The events of his life prove him entitled to the praise of inte-
grity, sincerity, and unvaried consistency."-SIR WALTER Scott.
Another biographer remarks that his review of the life
and writings of De Foe had satisfied him that
"Religion was uppermost in his mind; that he reaped its con-
solations, and lived under a habitual sense of its practical import-
of wonders, and am the subject of a vast variety of providences
I have been fed more by miracle tban Elijah, when the ravens
were his purveyors. I have sometime ago summed up the scenes
of my life in this distich:
No man has tasted differing fortunes more;
And thirteen times I have been rich and poor.
"In the school of affliction I have learnt more philosophy than
at the academy, and more divinity than from the pulpit: in prison
I have learnt that liberty does not consist in open doors, and the
egress and regress of locomotion. I have seen the rough side of
the world as well as the smooth; and have, in less than half a
year, tasted the difference between the closet of a king and the
dungeon of Newgate. I have suffered deeply for cleaving to princi-
ples of which integrity I have lived to say, none but those I suf
fered for ever reproached me with it."
We conclude with an eloquent tribute to De Foe's merits
from an authority of the first rank:
"For our part, surrounded as we are by the bustle and cares of
middle age, the mere mention of our author's name falls upon us
as cool and refreshing as a drop of rain in the hot and parched
midday. ... We are compelled to regard him as a phenomenon,
and to consider his genius as something rare and curious, which
it is impossible to assign to any class whatever. Throughout the
ample stores of fiction in which our literature abounds, more than
that of any other people, there are no works which at all resemble
either in the design or execution. Without any precursor in
the strange and unwonted path he chose, and without a follower,
he spun his web of coarse but original materials, which no mortal
had ever thought of using before; and when he had done, it seems
as though he had snapped the thread, and conveyed it beyond the
reach of imitation. To have a numerous train of followers is usu-
ance."-WILSON.
!
"I am a stoick," says he, "in whatever may be the event of
things. I'll do and say what I think is a debt to justice and truth,
without the least regard to clamour and reproach; and, as I am
utterly unconcerned at human opinion, the people that throw
away their breath so freely in censuring me may consider of some
better improvement to make of their passions than to waste them
on a man that is both above and below the reach of them. I know
too much of the world to expect good in it, and have learnt to value
It too little to be concerned at the evil. I have gone through a life
490
De Forest, J. W. 1. History of the Indians of Con-
necticut from the Earliest Known Period to 1850, Hartford,
Svo. 2. Oriental Acquaintance: in a series of letters from
Asia Minor, N. York, 1856, 12mo. 3. European Acquaint-
ance: being Sketches of People in Europe, N.Y., 1858, 12mo.
Begg, Simon. A Skeleton, &c., Phil. Trans., 1727.
Degge,Sir Simon. The Parson's Counsellor, and Law
of Tithes, Lon., 1676, Svo; 7th ed., by C. Ellis, 1820, Svo.
stood it to be a book of some value as an authority.”—Marvin's
Legal Bibl.
"A text-book which Richards referred to, as he had always un-
Degols, Gerard. Serms., &c., 1711-26.
Degravere, J. Thesaurus Remediorum, Lon., 1662.
Dehany, Wm. K. Turnpike Acts, Lon., 1823, 12mo.
De Hart, W. C. Military Law, N. York, 1846, Svo.
Dehon, Theodore, D.D.. 1776-1817, a native of
Trinity Church, Newport, R. I., 1798; of St. Michael's,
Boston, graduated at Harvard College, 1795; Rector of
Charleston, S. C., 1809;
Charleston, S. C., 1809; Bishop of S. Carolina, 1812.
"He was respected as a man of talents, and beloved for his
amiable qualities and many virtues.”—Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.
He pub, several discourses before societies and some
1821, 2 vols. 8vo; new ed., Lon., 1823, 2 vols. 8vo; Amer.
90 Serms. on the Public Means of Grace, &c.,
ed., N. York, 1857, 2 vols. 8vo.
serms.
"A silvery eloquence runs through, the whole texture of these
discourses."—Løn. Christian Observer.
Cyc. Bibl.
"His sermous are useful, interesting, and eloquent.”—Darling's
Deighan, Paul. Arithmetic and Key, Dubl., 1809.
Deios, Lawrence. Serms. against Antichrist, Lon.,
1509, 8vo.
Dekar, H. Predestination. 2d ed., 1779, 8vo.
De Kay, James E. Sketches of Turkey in 1831, '32,
New York, Svo. Natural History of New York; Zoology,
vols. 1-5. This work is in 15 vols. 4to, pub. in Albany,
1842-49. The introduction is by Hon. Wm. H. Seward, late
Governor of N. York. See Rich's Bibliotheca Americana
Nova; Roorbach's Bibliotheca Americana.
Dekker, Thomas. See DECKER.
De La Beche, Sir Henry Thomas, 1796-1855,
a native of London, entered the Royal Military College in
1810, and became a member of the Geol. Soc. in 1817. Ho
was knighted in 1848. Trans. of a Select. of the Geolog.
Memoirs in the Annales des Mines, with Notes, Lon., 1824,
8vo, and 1836. Geolog. Notes, 1830, 8vo. Sections and
Views illus. of Geolog. Phenomena, 1830, 4to.
Manual, 1832, 8vo.
Geolog.
How to Observe, Geology, 1835,
sm. 8vo, and 2d ed.
It is a truly Baconian volume; a sort of Novum Organon of
Geology."
Report on the Geology of Cornwall, Devon, and Somer-
set, 1839, Svo. The
The Geological Observer, with upwards
of 300 wood-cuts, 1851, 8vo; 2d od., 1853.
"No one could be found so capable of directing the labours of
the young geologist. or to aid by his own experience the stu-
dies of those who may not have been able to range so extensively
over the earth's surface. We strongly recommend Sir Henry De
1
DEL
DEL
La Beche's book to these who desire to know what has been done,
and to learn something of the wide examination which yet lies
waiting for the industrious observer.”—Lon. Athenæum.
De La Cour or Delacour, James, an Irish poet,
1709-1781, was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and
subsequently took holy orders. Abelard to Eloisa; a Poem,
1729. In imitation of Pope. The Prospect of Poetry, 1733.
Delafaye, Theo. Serms., &c., 1745-68.
Delafon, W. Naval Court Martials, Lon., 1805, 8vo.
Delamain, Rich. Lands in Ireland, Lon., 1641, fol.
Delamain, Robert. Mathemat. treatises, 1630, 31.
Delamayne, Thos. Essay on Man, 1779, 4to.
Delamere, Henry, Earl of Warrington. Collection
of his Speeches, Lon., 1694, fol. Works and Speeches,
1694, 8vo.
Delmote, P. Introduc. to Mviscke, Lon., 1574, 8vo.
De Lancey, Wm. Heathcote, D.D., LL.D., Prot.
Episcopal Bishop of Western New York, a descendant of
Chief Justice De Lancey, was born in 1797 at Mamaroneck,
Westchester county, New York; graduated at Yale Col-
lege, 1817; Provost of the University of Pennsylvania,
1828; assistant rector in 1833, and rector in 1836, of St.
Peter's Church, Philada.; consecrated bishop of the dio-
cese of Western New York, 1839. Sermons, &c.
Delane, John T., the editor of The London Times,
was educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, where he took
his degree.
"As the responsible head of the most widely circulated paper
In London, Mr. Delane probably exercises as great a power for good
--or for mischief-as any man in England."-Men of the Time,
Lon.. 1853.
Delane, W. F. A. Turnpike Acts, Lon., 1828, 12mo.
Laws for reg. the Highways, 1835, 12mo. Electors, 2d
ed., 1836, 12mo.
Delaney, General Oliver. Considerations on the
Propriety of Imposing Taxes in the British Colonies, Lon.,
1766.
Delany, Mary, 1700-1788, a daughter of Bernard
Granville, Esq.. afterwards Lord Lansdowne, was married
first to Alexander Pendarves, and then to Dr. Patrick De-
lany. She corresponded with the literary celebrities of the
day, and her letters have been much admired.
she commenced writing poetry. Letters of Mrs. Delany
to Mrs. Frances Hamilton, 1779-88, Svo; 1821. This vol.
contains many anecdotes relating to the royal family. See
the Diary of Mme. D'Arblay.
Delany, Patrick, 1686?-1768, a native of Ireland,
was educated at, and Fellow of, Trinity College, Dublin;
became Chancellor of Christ Church, and Prebendary of
St. Patrick's, Dublin; Dean of Down, 1744. He was an
intimate friend of Dean Swift, and wrote some strictures
upon Lord Orrery's Remarks on the Life and Writings of
that distinguished author. The Tribune, a Periodical Pa-
per, continued through 20 Nos., commencing in 1729. Re-
velation Examined with Candour, 1732-63, 3 vols. Svo;
3d ed. of the 2 vols., 1735; 4th ed., 1745, anon.
"In this work Dr. Delany discovers a very considerable portion
of learning, research, and acuteness. It contains many things not
to be found in the ordinary class of commentators; some things
that are fanciful; and some things not in unison with generally
received opinions."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"It is a work of uncommon merit, and too little known. It com-
prises a number of Dissertations on the most important facts and
histories in the sacred writings; and especially those which have
been cavilled at by Deists and freethinkers of every description.
In every case he is master of his subject; and in every instance
bis pretended Anakim opponents die grasshoppers in his hands."
~DR. ADAM CLARKE.
An able defence of Natural and Revealed Religion against
Atheists and Deists.”—BickerstETH.
Delaune, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, 1667-1728.
In answer to Dr. Calamy's discourse Concerning a Scru-
pulous Conscience, he wrote A Plea for the Nonconformists,
1684, 1704, 4to; preface by Daniel De Foe. His opponents
replied by putting him in the pillory, taking off his ears,
He died in prison.
fining and imprisoning him.
Delaune, Wm., D.D.. Pres. of St. John's Coll., and
Margaret Prof. of Divinity in Oxford. Serm., 1702, 4to.
Twelve Serms., Lon., 1728, 8vo.
chemist and natural philosopher. Exper. Inquiry rel. to
Delaval, Edward Hussey, 1729-1814, an eminent
the Changes of Colours in Opake and Coloured Bodies,
Lon., 1744, 4to. In French, Paris, 1778, 8vo. In Italian,
Mil., 1779, Svo; Bolog., 1779, Svo. Exper. Inquiry into
the Causes of the Permanent Colours of Opake Bodies,
Con. to Phil. Trans., 1759, '64, '65.
Warr., 1785, Svo.
Late in life
De La Warre. True Relation of Virginia, 1611, 4to.
Delepierre, J. Octave. Old Flanders; or, Popular
Traditions and Legends of Belgium, Lon., 1845, 2 vols.
p. Svo.
Reflections upon Polygamy, 1738. Hist. Account of
the Life and Reign of David, King of Israel, 1740-42, 3
vols.; 1745, '58, '69, anon.
Delany pub. a number of separate sermons, &c. Hi3
last work was the following: Eighteen Discourses and Dis-
jects, 1766, 8vo. See a notice of this volume-esperially
sertations upon various very important and interesting Sub-
two dissertations at the end-in Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Bickersteth thus draws the comparison:
"Chandler more critical and sober in judgment: Delany finer
thoughts and more taste. Chandler too much palliates David's
crimes."-Christian Student.
"Delany was a man of ability and learning; disposed occasion-
ally to use his fancy, and to reason confidently on doubtful or dis-
puted premises. There is also a great lack of evangelical sentiment
in his writings."-ORME, ubi supra.
Delap, Dr. J. The Royal Suppliants; a Trag., Lon.,
1781, 8vo.
1781, 8vo. The Captives; a Trag., 1786, 8vo. Elegies,
1788, '99. Sedition; an Ode, 1792.
Serms. upon Social Duties, 1744, 8vo; 1747, '50.
"The Practical Duties of Religion are enforced with great Energy;
and an amiable Spirit of Candour, Benevolence, and Piety breathes
throughout all his Discourses."
Delap, John, D.D. Serm., 1762, 4to.
De Lara, D. E. Key to Portuguese, Lon., 1825, 18mo.
Delaune, Henry. Legacy to his Sons, Lon., 1657,
sm. 4to.
"A miscellany of precepts, theological, moral, political, œcono-
mical, digested into seven centuries of quadrins."
"The admonitions in this volume are estimable, the style nervous,
and the versification, in general, correct.”—Wot's Bibl. Bri!.
Delaune, Thos. The Present State of London, &c.,
1681, 12mo. Continued by a Careful Hand to 1690, 1690,
12mo.
"Nor is De Laun's pretended state of the city much different
from what we have there [in Stow's Chronicle."]-Bishop Nicolson's
Eng. Hist.. lib. 15.
"Two volumes written with considerable spirit. They will afford
pleasure to many a reader as the long evenings of winter draw on."
-Lon. Examiner.
Deletanville, Thos. Guides to French, Lon., 1758.
Delgado, Isaac. New Translation of the Penta-
teuch, Lon., 1789, 4to.
"A learned London Jew, who has given some good observations
on the Pentateuch."-DR. GEDDES.
C.
The work altogether is not equal to its pretensions, and both
judice."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
the translation and the notes discover the influence of Jewish pre-
Delisser, Richard L., born in the West Indies ir
1820. 1. Interest and Average Tables, N. Y. 2. Complete
Time Tables. 3. Ready Reckoner. 4. Elements of Book
Keeping, &c.
Dell, George. Serm., 1711, 4to.
etical Effusions of the Heart, 1783, Svo.
Dell, John, d. at Sturry, in Kent, 1810, aged 53. Po-
Contributed to
periodicals under the signature of Rusticus.
Dell, Jonas. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1646, '56, '58.
Dell, Wm., Rector of Yelden, and Master of Gonvil
treatises, 1645-97. Select Works, Lon., 1773, Sro.
and Caius College; ejected, 1662. Serms. and theolog.
De Loier, Peter. Treatise of Specters or Straunge
Sights. Visions, and Apparitions appearing sensibly unto
Men, 1605, 4to.
"A very interesting and elegant work. If it is drawn up with
less sobriety of judgment and severity of criticism than the Life
of David by Dr. Chandler. it displays much greater refinement and
delicacy of thought and manner."-Williams's Cristian Preacher.
"Unfortunately for its reputation. a similar life of David by Dr.
Chandler provokes comparison; and every one who has read the
two performances, will have no hesitation in preferring the work
of Chandler to that of Delany. It is more valuable, both as a booking: The Constitution of English; written in French and
of Scripture criticism, and of general informatiou."-Orme's Bibl.
Bib.
pub. in Holland; trans. into English, and pub. in 1775,
with the Parallel, 3d ed., 1781; 4th, 1784, with Notes by
Dr. Chas. Coote, 1807, Svo. Late eds., 1822, Svo. With
Notes by W. Hughes, 1834, Svo; by Stephens, 1838, 2 vols.
Svo; by T. G. Western, 1838, 8vo; by J. Macgregor, 1853,
Svo.
De Lolme has been blamed for too excessive and general
admiration of the Constitution of England; but this is a
point, we think, in which exaggeration is not easy. The
merits of this work are unquestionable. Lords Chatham
and Camden commend it highly.
De Lolme, John Louis, 1745-1807, a Swiss lawyer,
resided for some years in England, where at times he re-
quired the assistance of the Literary Fund. He died in
Switzerland. A Parallel between the English Government
and the Former Government of Sweden, Lon., 1772. Later
eds. of this work include the English version of the follow-
"A respectable and useful work, but greatly inferior to Dr. Chand-p.
ler's masterly Critical History of the Life of David.”—Orme's Bibl.
Bib.
191
DEL
DEN
"A performance deep, solid, and ingenious.”—JÚNIUS.
"The author has presented a view of English Equity Jurispru
dence, far more exact and comprehensive than many of the Eng-
lish text-writers on the same subject."-CHIEF JUSTICE STORY.
*
"It is unquestionably a luminous, candid, concise, yet satisfacing
tory, exposition of the British constitution, and is written in a pure
and nervous style."-Hoffman's Legal Study, 148.
Hist. of the Flagellants; or, Memorials of Human Su-
perstition, 1783, 4to.
Scarcely reconcilable to decorum in style or matter."
Observations upon the late National Embarrassment, &c.,
1789. Svo. The writer coincides with Mr. Pitt. Essay
containing Strictures on the Union of Scotland with Eng-
land, &c., 1787, 4to. This was pub. as an introduc. to De
Foe's Hist. of the Union. He pub. some other treatises.
See an interesting, yet distressing, account in De Lolme's
Narrative, prefixed to his essay, of the difficulties he ex-
perienced in bringing his great work before the public:
"When my enlarged rnglish edition was ready for the press, bad
I acquainted ministers that I was prepared to boil my tea-kettle
with it, for want of being able to afford the expenses of printing
·
It"-ministers, it seems, would not have considered that he was
lighting his fire with myrrh and cassia and precious ointment."
See Disraeli's Calamities of Authors.
**
"De Lolme bad the art of pleasing in conversation, though the
graces did not appear in his manner or deportment. He had a turn
for pleasantry and humour; and has been compared to Burke for
the variety of his allusions and the felicity of his illustrations."
See Dr. Chas. Coote's Preface to the work on the Constitution, ed.
1807. Svo.
Deloney, Thomas. Declaration made by the Archbp.
of Collen upon the Deed of his Marriage, Lon., 1583, 12mo.
See Lowndes's Bibl. Man. for other pieces.
Delta. See MOIR, DAVID MACBETH.
Delvin, George. Serm., Lon., 1795, Svo.
Deman, E. F. Flax, its Cultivation and Manage-
ment, 1851.
፡፡
"This essay is not inferior to the many treatises on Flax."
Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Demarville. Y. Ladies' Geography, 1758, 2 vols.
Demetrius, Charles. Newes from Gulick and Cleve,
Lon., 1615, 4to.
Democritus Secundus, a fictitious name. The
Fellow Traveller, through City and Countrey; Book of
Stories, Lon., 1658, 12mo.
Demoivre, Abraham, 1667-1757, a native of Cham-
pagne, spent most of his life in England, where he died
in the above year. Miscellanea Analytica, &c., Lon., 1730,
Doctrine of Chances, or a Method of calculating the
Probabilities of Events in Play, 1718, 4to; best ed., 1756,
4to. Annuities on Lives, 1724, '50, '52, Svo. He contri-
buted a number of papers to Phil. Trans.
4to.
De Morgan, Augustus, b. 1506, in the island of
Modma, coast of Java; Prof. of Mathemat. in University
College, London. His father was an officer in the British
Army. Has pub. a number of valuable works on Algebra,
Arithmetic, Trigonometry, Logic, &c. In 1847 he gave
to the world a volume exhibiting much research, entitled
Arithmetical Books from the Invention of Printing to the
Present Time. Every teacher and student of Mathematics
--and of course every bibliographer-should possess this
volume. See Knight's Eng. Cyc.
Dempsey, G. Drysdale. 1. Papers on Railways,
Lon., 1845, 4tv. 2. Practical Railway Engineering; 4th
ed., 1855, 4to. 3. Brick Bridges, Sewers, and Culverts,
"He shamefully published I know not how many fables."-BAYLE.
"He would have wished that all learned men had been Scots.
He forged titles of books which were never published. to raise the
glory of his native country, and has been guilty of several cheat-
tricks, by which he has lost his credit among men of learning.'
M. BAILLET.
See Mackenzie's Lives; McCrie's Melville; Chambers's
Scot. Biog.
"Tho. Dempster, though he was no Jesuit, stands fair for the
remaining part of his character that he was as well inclined to
believe a lye as any man in his time;' and was as well qualified to
put it into a pretty dress of poetry."-Bishop Nicolson's Scot. Hist.
Lib., 58; and the Bishop of St. Asaph's Hist. Account, p. 153.
"
Dendy, Edw. Petition to Parl., Lon., 1654, fol.
Dendy, Walter Cooper. Book of the Nursery,
Lon., 12mo. Diseases of the Skin in Children, Svo. Dis-
eases of the Scalp, 1849, r. 4to. Phenomena of Dreams
and Illusions. 12mo. Philosophy of Mystery, 1841, Svo.
"It reminds in every page of the erudite Burton, whose Anatomy
of Melancholy drives away the vapours from the most confirmed
hypochondriac."-Dr. Johnson's Journal.
Varieties of Pock delineated and described, 1853, p. 8vo.
Discourse on the Birth and Pilgrimage of Thought, 1853,
square. The Beautiful Islets of Britaine, 1857, p. ôvo.
Dene, Willemus de. Historia Roffensis, 1314-50,
successione Episcoporum et priorum, &c. Vide Wharton
Anglia Sacra, i. 327.
Denham. Miners' Charters, Lon., 1657, 4to.
Denham, Captain. See GULLY, ROBERT.
Denham, Dixon, Col., R.N., and Governor of Sierra
Leone, an enterprising traveller, 1786-1828. Narrative
of Travels and Discoveries in Northern and Central Africa,
1822-24, by Denham, Clapperton, and Oudney, Lon., 1826,
4to; 2d ed., 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. He who desires to become
acquainted with Africa and the Africans must not neglect
this invaluable work. See CLAPPERTON, HUGH; LANDEr,
RICHARD.
Denham, Rev. J. F. Marriage with a deceased Wife's
Sister defended, Lon., 1847, Svo. Spelling and Reading
Book; 3d ed., Paris 1 to 3, 1848, 12mo. Other works.
Denham, Sir James Steuart. See STEUÄRT.
Denham, Sir John, 1615–1668, a native of Dublin,
was the only son of Sir John Denham, Baron of the Ex-
chequer. In 1631 he was entered of Trin. Coll., Oxford.
"But being looked upon as a slow and dreaming young man by
bis seniors and contemporaries, and giving more to cards and dice
than his study, they could never then in the least imagine that he
could ever enrich the world with his fancy, or issue of his brain,
as he afterwards did.”—Wood.
This habit of gaming clung to him in after life, to his
great loss and disgrace. He was made Governor of Farn-
am Castle by Charles I.; his fortunes were depressed dur-
ing the Commonwealth, revived in the Restoration. In
1641 he pub. his Tragedy of the Sophy, which elicited the
enthusiastic commendation of Waller, who remarks of the
author, that
strong, when nobody was aware. or in the least suspected it."
"Ile broke out like the Irish Rebellion, threescore thousand
blished his reputation as an author. He wrote a number
In 1643 appeared his poem of Cooper's Hill, which esta-
of other pieces-The Destruction of Troy, Cato Major,
&c.-translated portions of Virgil, and imitated Tully.
The 6th ed. of his collected works, entitled Poems and
Translations, with the Sophy, a Tragedy, was pub. in 1719,
12mo. The reputation of Denham is not so high as it was
formerly, but few poets have been more warmly commended
by several rigid critics. The approbation of Waller, Prior,
Dryden, Warton, and Johnson, is no slight guarantee of
merit.
1850, 4to. 4. Examples of Iron Roofs, 1850, 4to. 5. Iron
applied to Railway Structure, 1850, 4to. 6. Malleable
Iron Bridges, 1850, 4to. 7. The Builder's Guide in Mate-
rials and Construction; 2d ed., 1857, 4to. S. Machinery
of the Nineteenth Century, 1852, &c., 4to. 9. Railway
Stations, Engine-Houses, &c., with folio plates, 1856.
Ten Bridges, with details, 1856, 4to. 11. Working-Draw-
ings of Stations, &c., 1856, 4to. Other works.
10.
Dempster, George, 1736-1818, a native of and M.P.
for Dundee, Scotland. Discourse containing a Summary
of the Directors of the Society for Extending the Fisheries
of Great Britain, 1789. Magnetic Mountains of Cannay,
8vo. Letters in Agricult. Mag. Papers and Speeches.
Denholm, James. History of Glasg., 1797, 12mo.
Many eds. Tour to the Lakes, 1804, sm. Svo.
I
Denio, Hiram, born 1799, at Rome, N. Y., a resident
Dempster, Thomas, 1579-1625, a native of Scot- of Utica, N. Y., Judge of the Court of Appeals Reports
land, studied at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, and at Paris, of Cases argued and determined in the Supreme Court, and
and became distinguished for his erudition. He was pro-in the Court for the Correction of Error of the State of New
fessor successively at Paris, Pisa, and Bologna, and died York, 1845-48, 5 vols.
York, 1845-48, 5 vols. Revised Statutes of the State of
in the last-named city. He pub. several works, a list of N. Y., 4th ed., 1852, 2 vols., prepared by Hiram Denio and
which will be found in Watt's Bibl. Brit. His best-known
William Tracy.
production is Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Scotorum. Bo-
non., 1627, 4to. Reprinted for the Bannatyne Club, 1829,
2 vols. 4to. This work is not at all to be relied on.
Cooper's Hill,' says Dryden, 'for majesty of style, is, and ever
will be, the standard of good writings;' and Pope eulogizes it
highly in his Windsor Forest.
"Denham is deservedly considered as one of the fathers of Eng-
lish poetry. Denham and Waller, according to Prior, improved
our versification, and Dryden perfected it."-Dr. Johnson's Lives
of the English Poets.
Denham, John E. Serms., Lon., 1821, 8vo.
Denham, Joseph. Serm., 1741, Svo.
Denham, N. Trans. of the Way of Lyfe, &c., 1578, 4to.
Denham, Wm. Serms., 1742, 43, '45.
•
Denison, Charles Wheeler, b. in Conn., 1809. Ame.
rican Village and other poems. Contrib. to the Knicker
bocker and various other magazines and journals.
Denison, Daniel, 1613-1682. Irenicon, or a Salve
for New England's Sore. This is annexed to Hubbard'e
Funl. Serm.
Denison, Edward, D.D., Bishop of Salisbury, 1831
492
DEN
DEN
Serms., Charges, &c., 1836–44. Serms. before the Univ.
of Oxf., 1836, 8vo.
“A volume of sermons worthy of the perusal of all sound church-
men.”—Church of Eng. Quar. Rev.
› Denison, Edward B. Marriage with a Wife's Sis-
ter, Lon., 1851, 8vo. Bp. of Exeter's Speech on the Mar-
riage Bill, 3d ed., 1851, p. 8vo.
Denison, George Anthony. Serm., Lon., 1850, 8vo.
Denison, John, d. at Reading, 1628-29. Serms. and
treatises, 1616-24.
Denison, Mary Andrews, b. in Cambridge, Mass.,
1826. Author of Home Pictures, N. York, 12mo. What
Not? Phila., 12mo. Carrie Hamilton, Phila., 12mo. Gracie
Amber, N. York, 12mo. Old Hepsy: a Tale of the South,
N. York, 1858, 12mo. Has contributed extensively to
many of the leading journals of the Union.
Denison, Stephen. Serms., Lon., 1620-27. The
White Wolfe, 1627, 4to. At p. 88 will be found a catalogue
of 88 Sects and Heresies which sprang up in the primitive
Church. John Hetherington was principally aimed at in
this discourse. He was obliged to recant his "fanatical
doctrines" before the king.
"The book comprehends a strange mixture of learning and ex-
travagant reasoning, and is altogether a singular curiosity."
Beloe's Anecdotes of Scarce Books.
Denman, Jacob S., b. 1814, in New Jersey. Stories
for Children, 16mo. Compiler of a series of Reading Books,
in 8 parts.
Denman, Joseph, M.D. Buxton Water, 1793, 8vo.
Denman, Thomas, M.D., a native of Derbyshire,
practised in the Royal Navy, and subsequently in London.
He pub. several works upon obstetrics, &c., the best-known
of which is Introduc. to Theory and Prac. of Midwifery,
6th ed., 1824, Svo.
Denmark, Alex., M.D. Med. Chir. Trans., 1813.
Denne, Henry. Serms., &c., Lon., 1642-60.
Denne, John. Answer to Bunyan, 1673, 8vo.
Denne, John, D.D., 1693-1767. Archdeacon of Ro-
chester, and Rector of Lambeth. Serms., &c., 1720–77.
Articles of Inquiry for a Par. Visitation. 1732, 4to. Dr.
D. was a learned antiquary, and contributed to Lewis's
Life of Wicliff.
"Cet ouvrage ne s'adresse pas seulement aux amateurs d'anth
quités. A côté des recherches savants dirigées par un esprit d'ob
servation très éminent. il offre cet intérêt poétique presque tou-
jours inséparable du récit d'un voyageur enthousiaste, qui sait
en quelque sorte nous transporter au milieu de la contrée qu'il
décrit, et nous faire partager toutes ses impressions. C'est à la
fois un travail historique de grande valeur. et un guide précieux
pour les personnes qui veulent visiter l'Italie avec fruit.”—Biblio
thèque Unix, de Genèce.
These volumes are a valuable storehouse of classical and anti-
quarian lore to every scholar; and the most general reader must
be attracted by their pleasant, though somewhat discursive, style."
Edin. Rec.
See GRAY, MRS. HAMILTON.
Dennis, Jonas. Sermons, Exeter, 1800. 8vo.
Dennis, John, 1657-1734, a native of London, was
educated at Caius College, and Trinity Hall, Cambridge.
He obtained considerable notoriety as a dramatic and po-
litical writer and critic. Plays, Lon., 1697-1720. They
consist of-A Plot and No Plot; Rinaldo and Armida;
Iphigenia; Liberty Asserted; Orpheus and Euridice, a
Masque; Appius and Virginia; The Comical Gallant, (an
alteration of Shakspeare's Merry Wives of Windsor:) The
Invader of his Country, (an alteration of Coriolanus.) Let-
ters, 1718, 2 vols. 8vo. Select Works, consisting of Plays,
Poems, &c., 1718, 2 vols. 8vo. Dennis was no gentle cri-
tic; he handled Addison's Cato without mercy, and his
reflections upon Pope's Essay on Criticism secured him a
place in the Dunciad. Dr. Johnson regretted that Den-
nis's works had not been collected. See his criticism on
Cato, in Johnson's Lives of the British Poets, a life of
Dennis in the Biog. Brit., and a sketch of his character in
Disraeli's Calamities of Authors.
"Dennis attained to the ambiguous honour of being distin-
guished as The Critic, and he may yet instruct us how the moral
influences the literary character, and how a certain talent that
can never mature itself into genius, like the pale fruit that hangs
in the shade, ripens only into sourness." — DISRAELI, ubi supra.
-
Dennis, Samuel. Sermons, 1736. 4to.
Dennis, T. or J. Way of Curing Diseases, 1668.
Dennis, Rev. Thos. Psalms in Blank Verse, 1807.
Dennison, J. Legends of Galloway, 1825.
Dennison, Wm. Religious Doctrine. 1805.
Dennistone, Walter. Psalmi civ., Edin.,1696.
Dennistoun, George. Med. Con. Ess. Phys., 1754.
Denny, E. Theolog. treatises. Lon., 1849.
Denny, Sir E. Hymns and Poems, Lon., 12mo.
Denny, Henry. Monographia Pselaphidorum et
Seydmænidarum Britanniæ, Norwich, 1825, Svo. Mono-
graphia Anoplurorum Britanniæ, Lon., 1842, Svo.
“Do not depreciate any pursuit which leads men to contemplate
the works of their Creator.-SOUTHEY.
Denne, John. Serm.. 1753, 4to.
Denne, Samuel, 1730-1799. Vicar of Darent, and
son of the Archdeacon of Rochester. Hist. and Antiq. of
Rochester, 1772. Palace of Mayfield, 1787, 4to. Hist.
Partic. of Lambeth Parish and Palace, 1795, 4to. This
forms part of vol. i. of the Supp. to Nichols's Bib. Top.
Brit., and is perhaps the scarcest of the whole series. Dr.
D. pub. many antiquarian papers in Archæol., 1787-1800.
Denneston, E. Revenue of Excise, 1707, 4to.
Dennie, Joseph, 1768-1812, a native of Boston,
graduated at Harvard University in 1790. Adopting the
profession of the law, he opened an office at Walpole, New
Hampshire, but found little encouragement, and determined
to devote himself to literary pursuits. In 1795 he pub. in
Boston, The Tatler, a weekly paper, and issued at Walpole,
The Farmer's Museum. In this periodical appeared the
essays by which he is best known, entitled The Lay Preacher.
In 1799 Mr. Pickering, Secretary of State, proffered him
a clerkship, and he removed to Philadelphia, where in 1801
he established The Port Folio, which he conducted until
his death in 1812. He enjoyed great reputation as a writer
during his life, and for some years after his decease. Pa-
triarchs of the "lean and slippered pantaloon"-who per-
haps composed a part of the mob of gentlemen who wrote
with ease" about the beginning of this century-still ex-
tol the melodious cadence and liquid flow of the essays of
the American Addison. We ourselves are so old-fashioned
as to consider Dennie a charming writer.
"The Lay Preacher of Dennie, and his articles in the Portfolio,
seem to me feeble and affected, though occasionally marked by
considerable excellence. It was natural to overrate him, as in his
time we had very few writers with whom he could be compared.
For several years after the death of Brockden Brown, I believe he
was the only man in the country who made literature a profession.
... He was a great favourite in society, and his brilliant social
qualities gave him a factitious reputation as a man of letters
There is nothing in his writings deserving of reputation."-Gris
wold's Prose Writers of America.
Dennie, Lt. Col. Wm. H., R.A., d. 1842, a dis-
tinguished officer, mortally wounded at the siege of Jella-
labad. Personal Narrative of the Campaigns in Afghan-
istan, Lon., 1843, 12mo.
Dennis, C. and R. Lloyd. A trans. of the Contes
Moraux of Marmontel, under the title of Moral Tales, Lon.,
1781, 3 vols. 8vo; Perth, 1792, 4 vols. 12mo.
Dennis, George. The Cid; a short Chronicle,
founded on the early poetry of Spain, Lon., 1845, 18mo.mentary subject.”—Lom. Surveyor's Journal,
The Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria, 1848, 2 vols. 8vo. Other works on Draining, 1849, '52.
Denny, John. Diseases of Horses, Lon., 1802, Svo.
Denny, Sir Wm. Pelecanicidium, or the Christian
Adviser against Self-Murder, Lon., 1653, Svo. In verse
and prose, with plates by Barlow. Bindley sale, pt. 1.
1769, £13.
Densell. See HOLLES, Lord.
Denston, B. L. The Atmosphere, Lon., 1806.
Dent, Arthur, minister of South Souberry, a Puritan.
A Plaine Man's Pathway to Heaven, Lon., 1622.
"A practical treatise."-Bickersteth's Christian Student.
Other theolog. treatises and sermons. 1582-1617.
Dent, Edward. Sermon, Lon., 1692, 4to.
Dent, Giles. Sermons, Lon., 1707-13.
Dent, John. The Lawyer's Panic, or, Westminster
Hall in an Uproar, 1785, Svo. Force of Love; a Novel,
1786, 2 vols. 12mo. The Candidate; a Farce. 1782, 8vo.
Too Civil by Half; a Farce, 1783, Svo. The Telegraph,
1795. Svo.
Dent, John. A Catalogue of the Library of. Lon.,
1825. 20 copies privately printed. Dent sale, 2 at £10 10s.;
4 at £12; 1 at £12 28. 6d.
Denton, Daniel. A Brief Description of New York,
with the Customs of the Indians, Lon., 1670, 4to. Very
rare. Reprinted, (100 copies 4to,) New York, 1845, with
Notes by Hon. Gabriel Furman.
This is supposed to be the first printed description in
English of New York and New Jersey, then under one
government. We know of but three copies of the original
in the United States: one in the N. York State Library
at Albany, one in the Library of Harvard University, and
the oue from which Mr. Furman printed his edition. A
copy was sold at the Nassau sale for 188.; in New York,
recently, for $31!
Denton, J. Bailey. Model Mapping for Drainage
and Irrigation, Lon., 2d ed., 1842, Svo.
"We hope it will be generally taken up, and become a Parlia
193
DEN
DEQ
|
Denton, John, 1625-1708, Prebendary of York, puh.
some sermons and theolog. treatises.
Man whose Education has been Neglected, and other Papers.
XVI. and XVII. Theological Essays, and other Papers.
XVIII. The Note-Book of an English Opium-Eater.
XIX. and XX. Memorials, and other Papers.
|
Denton, Thomas, 1724-1777, Rector of Ashted,
Surrey. Religious Retirement; from Gother. Immortality,
1755, 4to. The House of Superstition, 1762, 4to. The two
preceding are poems, and are thought to be good imitations
of Spenser. Serm., 1775, 8vo. He compiled the supple-
mental vol. to the 1st ed. of the Biographical Dictionary.
Denton, Wm., M.D., 1605-1691, physician to Charles
I. and Charles II. Hore Subseciva: rel. to Laws against
Papists, Lon., 1664, 4to; another treatise, 1675, 4to. Jus
Cæsaris et Ecclesiæ vere dictæ, (Anglice,) 1681, fol.
A selection from his writings is now in course of pub-
lication at London and Edinburgh. Vols. vii. and viii. were
pub. in May, 1858; vol. viii., (Edin. ed.,) Essays, Sceptical
and Anti-Sceptical; or, Problems Neglected or Miscon-
ceived, 1858, cr. Svo.
So far as this edition has proceeded, it will be seen that
Mr. De Quincey has simply republished (with elucidatory
notes) from the American edition. It is but proper to quote
the following lines from a late biographical sketch of the
author:
Denzil. See HOLLES, LORD.
"In the Preface to this edition Mr. De Quincey makes a classi
fication of his writings which it is useful to remember. The im-
mense medley, which, in the American edition, is arranged on the
loosest possible principle, may be distributed, he says, in the main,
into three classes of papers: first, papers whose chief purpose is
to interest and amusé, (autobiographic sketches, reminiscences of
distinguished contemporaries, biographical memoirs, whimsical
critical, or philosophical character, addressing the understanding
narratives, and such like:) secondly, essays of a speculative,
as an insulated faculty, (of these there are many;) and, thirdly,
papers belonging to the order of what may be called 'prose-poetry;'
that is, fantasies or imaginations in prose. (of which class Mr.
De Quincey cites the 'Suspiria de Profundis,' originally published
in Blackwood, as the most characteristic specimen.) Under any
one of the three aspects here indicated, Mr. De Quincey must rank
high in the entire list of British prose-writers."-Knight's English
Cyc., Biog., vol. ii. 5C8.
De Quincey, Thomas, b. 1786, the son of an Eng-
lish merchant, is a native of Manchester, and was educated
at Eton and Oxford. For the history of his early years we
must refer the reader to the glowing pages of the Confessions
of an English Opium-Eater. This famous autobiography
was originally pub. in the Old London Magazine in 1821,
and appeared in a vol. in 1822. The reader will also find
much of interest in the Autobiographic Sketches, pub. by
Mr. De Quincey, 1853, &c., and in a Memoir of his Life,
Bost., 1855, by Dr. R. Shelton Mackenzie. The author has
made some excellent translations from Jean Paul Richter
and Lessing, which appeared in the London Magazine and
Blackwood, and contributed many articles, on biography,
metaphysics, and philosophy, to the periodicals of the day.
Among his best-known articles are the lives of Shakspeare
und Pope in the Encyclopædia Britannica; a paper on the
Knocking at the Gate, in Macbeth; the Vision of Sudden
Death; and Murder Considered as One of the Fine Arts.
But we shall confer no small favour on the reader by a
catalogue of the contents of an edition (the only complete
one pub. in Great Britain or America) of the writings of
this popular author, collected and edited by Mr. J. T.
Fields and issued by the enterprising house of Ticknor
& Fields, Boston, United States: Vol. I. Confessions of an
English Opium-Eater: 1. The Confessions; 2. Suspiria de
Profundis. II. Biographical Essays: 1. Shakspeare; 2.
Pope; 3. Lamb; 4. Goethe: 5. Schiller. III. Miscellaneous
Essays: 1. On the Knocking at the Gate, in Macbeth; 2.
Murler Considered as One of the Fine Arts; 3. Second
Paper on Murder; 4. Joan of Arc; 5. The English Mail-
Coach; 6. The Vision of Sudden Death; 7. Dinner, Real
and Reputed; 8. Orthographic Mutineers; 9. Sortilege on
Behalf of the Glasgow Athenæum. IV. The Cæsars. V.
Life and Manners: 1. Early Days; 2. London; 3. Ire-
land; 4. The Irish Rebellion; 5. Premature Manhood; 6. “They are unequalled, perhaps, for brevity, pungency, and force.
Travelling; 7. My Brother; 8. Oxford; 9. German Litera- They not only bring the Ricardian theory of value into strong re-
lief, but triumphantly repel, or rather annihilate, the objections
ture. VI. and VII. Literary Reminiscences: 1. Literary urged against it by Malthus in the pamphlet now referred to [The
Novitiate; 2. Sir Humphry Davy; 3. William Godwin; 4.
Measure of Value Stated and Illustrated] and his Political Eco-
Mrs. Grant; 5. Recollections of Charles Lamb; 6. Wallad-nomy, and by Say and others. They may, indeed, be said to have
mor; 7. Coleridge; 8. Wordsworth; 9. Southey; 10. Re-
exhausted the subject.”—McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy, p. 33.
collections of Grasmere; 11. The Saracen's Head; 12. The same critic thus comments upon De Quincey's Logic
Society of the Lakes; 13. Charles Lloyd; 14. Walking of Political Economy, (Lon. and Edin., 1844, Svo :)
Stewart; 15. Edward Irving; 16. Talfourd; 17. The Lon-
don Magazine; 18. Junius; 19. Clare; 20. Cunningham;
21. Attack by a London Journal; 22. Duelling. VIII.
and IX. Narrative and Miscellaneous Papers: 1. The
Household Wreck; 2. The Spanish Nun; 3. Flight of a
Tartar Tribe; 4. System of the Heavens as Revealed by
the Telescope; 5. Modern Superstition; 6. Coleridge and
Opium-Eating; 7. Temperance Movement; 8. On War;
9. The Last Days of Immanuel Kant. X. Essays on the
Poets and other English Writers: 1. The Poetry of Words-
worth; 2. Percy Bysshe Shelley; 3. John Keats; 4. Oliver
Goldsmith; 5. Alexander Pope; 6. William Godwin; 7.
John Foster; 8. William Hazlitt; 9. Walter Savage Lan-
dor. XI. and XII. Historical and Critical Essays: 1.
Philosophy of Roman History; 2. The Essenes: 3. Philo-
sophy of Herodotus; 4. Plato's Republic; 5. Homer and
the Homerida; 6. Cicero; 7. Style: 8. Rhetoric. XIII.
and XIV. Essays on Philosophical Writers and other Men
of Letters: 1. Sir William Hamilton; 2. Sir James
Intosh; 3. Kant in his Miscellaneous Essays; 4. Herder;
5. John Paul Frederick Richter; 6. Analects from Richter;
7. Lessing; 8. Bentley; 9. Parr. XV. Letters to a Young
"It is astonishing how much more Boston [J. T. Fields] knows
of my literary acts and purposes than I do myself. Were it not in-
deed through Boston, hardly the sixth part of my literary under-
takings-hurried or deliberate, sound, rotting, or rotten-would
ever have reached posterity: which, be it known to thee, most sar-
castic of future censors, already most of them have reached.”—Pref.
It is worthy of note that the occasional essays of a
number of distinguished British authors have been first
collected in America. We may instance Macaulay, Wilson,
Carlyle, De Quincey, Talfourd, &c. In a review of De
Quincey's writings pub. in the London Eclectic Review in
1851, it was stated that it was not probable that a collective
edition of his works would ever appear; the author, in con-
sequence of ill health, being disinclined to accede to the
request of several publishers that he would prepare such a
collection for publication. But, not discouraged by this
unpromising announcement, Mr. Fields determined to col-
lect his writings, and his firm (Ticknor & Fields) offered
the author a share of the profits of the series. Mr. De
Quincey could not withstand an enthusiasm so creditable
to the projectors: he gave his aid to the enterprise, and the
twenty volumes enumerated above are the result. Publishers
of this stamp are an honour to an honourable profession.
As a political economist, Mr. De Quincey has gained as
much credit as he has secured by his philosophical, bio-
graphical, and critical disquisitions. The Dialogues of
Three Templars on Political Economy, chiefly in relation
to the Principles (respecting value) of Mr. Ricardo, which
appeared in the London Magazine for April and May,
1824, are thus commended by an eminent authority:
"This very clever work is intended to unravel intricacies and to
expose sundry errors in the application of the Ricardian theory of
value. It would, however, have been more popular and successful
had it been less scholastic. It is right to be logical. but not to be per-
petually obtruding logical forms and technicalities on the reader's
attention. This sort of affectation is little noticed in a brief essay
like the Templars' Dialogues; but in a goodly-sized volume like
the present it becomes tiresome and repulsive."-Ubi supra, 20.
-
Depalaine. Repository of the Lives and Portraits
of Distinguished American Characters, Phila., vols. i. and
ii., Pt. 1; 18 portraits.
Depping, J. B. Evening Entertainments; or, Delinea-
tions of Manners and Customs, Lon., 1811, 2 vols. 12mo.
Commended by Lon. Month. Rev. and Lon. Eclec. Rev.
De Puy, Henry W. 1. Kossuth and His Generals,
Buffalo, 12mo. 2. Louis Napoleon and his Times. 1853,
12mo. 3. Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Heroes
of '76, 1853, 12mo.
The general style of the Confessions is thus well de-
scribed by an English critic:
•
"They have an air of reality and life; and they exhibit such
strong graphic powers as to throw an interest and even a dignity
round a subject which in less able hands might have been ren-
dered a tissue of trifles and absurdities. They are, indeed, very
picturesque and vivid sketches of individual character and feel-
ings, drawn with a boldness yet an exactness of pencil that is to
They combine strong sense with wild and somewhat fantastic in-
be found only in one or two prominent geniuses of our day. .
ventions, accuracy of detail with poetic illustration, and analytical
reasoning and metaphysical research with uncommon pathos and
refinement of ideas. . . . Much truth and fine colouring are dis-
Mack-played in the descriptions and details of the work: its qualities are
views. and deep reasoning, with a happy vein of ridicule indulged
all of a rich and elevated kind.-such as high pathos, profound
at the writer's own expense."-Lon. Month. Rev., c. 288.
Mr. Gilfillan, commenting upon the charge that this cele.
;
491
DEQ
DET
brated work owed its strength to the inspiration of Opium,
replies, that "it is not opium in De Quincey, but De Quin-
cey in opium" that wrote the Suspiria and the Confessions.
It is to be regretted that the eloquent author has not bet-
ter learned the Art of Sinking-to the proper level of the
everyday topics of literature, biography, or criticism,
which he often sees fit to discuss. In these essays we see
a striking instance of Cicero's declaration, "Rerum copia
verborum copiam gignet." With such an affluence of lan-
guage, therefore, Mr. De Quincey can well afford occasional
simplicity when the subject demands it.
Another prominent fault of this very learned critic, is
an ostentation of learning, and a thorough contempt, which
he is at no pains to conceal, for those whose opinions do
not happen to coincide with his own. And yet, no man
can build a larger superstructure upon a slender founda-
tion-no man can more sophistically exalt a hypothesis
into a fact, and such assumed fact into an infallible canon
-than this orthodox stickler for the ler scripta.
Mr. De Quincey's conversation is described as fascinating
beyond description. We give a short extract from the let-
ter of a gentleman who visited him in 1854, at Lasswade,
near Edinburgh, where he has resided for some years:
"For a half hour at least he talked as we have never heard an-made some trans. from the Latin and French; edited Dry-
other talk. We have listened to Sir Wm. Hamilton at his own fire- den's works, 1762, 4 vols. 8vo; pub. The Battle of Lora, a
side, to Carlyle walking in the parks of London, to Lamartine in
Poem; a collection of voyages, 1763, 2 vols. 12mo; and a
the midst of a favoured few at his own house, to Cousin at the Sor-
bonne, and to many others, but never have we heard such sweet
view of the stage, under the name of Wilkes. 1759. Der-
music of eloquent speech as then flowed from De Quincey's tongue.
rick's Jests were pub. in 1769, 12mo. He is best known
To attempt reporting what he said would be like attempting to by Letters, written from Liverpool, Chester, &c., Dubl...
entrap the rays of the sun. Strange light beamed from that grief 1767, 2 vols. 12mo.
worn face, and for a little while that weak body, so long fed upon
by pain, seemed to be clothed with supernatural youth."
"if they had been written by one of a more established name,
they would have been thought very pretty letters.”—DR. SAMUEL
JOHNSON.
Dequir, Fred. Terra Australis incognita, or a New
Southern Discoverie, 1617, 4to.
-
Derante, P. Med: con. to Phil. Trans., 1722.
Derby, Charles Stanley, Earl of, Lord of Man
and the Isles. The Protestant Religion is a sure Founda-
tion of a true Christian and a good Subject, a great Friend
to human Society, and a grand Promoter of all Virtues,
both Christian and moral, Lon., 4to, 1669, anon.; 1671, with
author's name.
|
"His father lost his head, and he his liberty. for Charles the Se
cond. The grateful king rewarded the son with the lord-lieuten-
aucies of two counties.”—Walpole's R. & N. Authors.
Derby, Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of, was the
author of a pastoral poem, communicated to the Antiqua-
rian Repertory by Sir John Hawkins. It will be found in
Park's Walpole's R. & N. Authors.
One of our early bards, and not an unpromising one."-IIORACE
WALPOLE.
Derby, James Stanley, 7th Earl of, nephew of the
preceding, beheaded 1651, was distinguished for his bravery
in defence of Charles I. His widow, also, defended the
Isle of Man against the republicans. Hist. and Antiq. of
the Isle of Man. Pub. in Peck's Desiderata, vol. ii. 1732.
Declaration, 1649, 4to. Message to Chas. II., 1649, 4to.
Charge, 1651, 4to. Trial, 1651, 4to. Speech on the Scaf-
fold, 1651, 4to.
"Among the sufferers for King Charles the First, none cast greater
lustre on the cause than this heroic lord.”—Horace Walpole.
Derby, John. Comment. on the four Evangel. and
the Acts, with other theolog. pieces, by Zachary Pearce,
D.D., Lon., 1777, 2 vols. 4to. Serms. by Z. Pearce, D.D.,
1778, 4 vols. Svo.
Derby, Richard. Serm., 1718, Svo.
Dereney, Thos., R.N. Naval Poems, 1813, 4to.
Derham, Robt. Independence in Ch. Gov't destruc-
tive to English Law, Lon., 1616, 4to. Rights of Parlia-
ment, 1647, Svo.
·
-
Derham, Saml. Ilmington Waters, with directions
for drinking the same, Oxf., 1685.
Derham, Wm., 1657-1735, entered Trinity Coll., Oxf.,
1675; Canon of Windsor, 1716. Physico-Theology, Lon.,
1713, 8vo; many edits., 1798, 2 vols. 8vo. Astro-Theology,
1714, Svo; 3d ed., 1719. These works have been greatly
commended, and trans. into several languages. Christo-
Theology, 1730, Svo. Miscellanea Curioso; being travels,
voyages, &c. delivered in to the Royal Society, 1720, '26, '27,
3 vols. Svo. See Rich's Amer. Bibl. Nova. This learned
philosopher and divine pub. some other works, and many
papers in Phil. Trans. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
A
Few men have had more accurate and extensive acquaintance
with nature, in its grandest and minutest features, than Dr. Der-
ham. He was equally at home when travelling among the stars,
and when sojourning among the insects that fit in the breeze. |
In all the operations of nature he delighted to trace the hand
of nature's God."— Orme's Bibl. Bib,
Dering, Sir Edward. See DEARING.
Derkar, Thomas, See DECKER.
|
Dermody, Thomas, 1775-1802, a native of Ennie,
in Ireland, displayed poetical powers at a very early age.
In 1792 he pub. a vol. of poems written in his thirteenth year.
In 1793 appeared The Rights of Justice, a polit. pamphlet.
Poems, 1801, 2 vols. Peace; a Poem, 1801, 4to. Poems,
1802, 8vo. The Battle of the Bards; a Poem. He became
a soldier, but disgraced himself by intemperance and died
in poverty at Sydenham. In 1806 Mr. Jas. G. Raymond
pub. his Life, &c., in 2 vols. cr. Svo, and his poetical works,
under the title of The Harp of Erin, in 1807, 2 vols. 8vo.
Dermott, L. Free Masonry, Lon., 1801, 8vo.
Derodon, David. Funeral of the Mass, 1673.
Derok, M. Method of Copying, 1796.
De Roos, F. F. Travels in the United States and
Canada in 1826. Lon., Svo.
De Ros, Lord, Colonel R. Army. 1. The Young
Officer's Companion, Lon., 1851, 12mo; 2d ed., 1852, 12mo.
2. Journal of a Tour in the Crimea in 1835-36, 1855, p. 8vo.
De Ros, W. F. Yeomanry Regulations, Lon., Svo.
Derrick, Chas. The British Navy, 1806, 4to.
Derrick, Samuel, 1721-1769, a native of Ireland,
..
What hath been communicated by our ingenious Derham will
nobly serve religion as well as philosophy.”—COTTON MATHER.
Dering, Edward. See DEERING.
Derricke, John. The Image of Irelande, Lon., 1581,
4to. Roxburghe, 3324, £9 98. White Knight's, £13.
Derring, Edward. See DEERING.
Desaguliers, J. H. Jeweller's Accounts, 1734.
Desaguliers, John. Serm., 1717, Svo.
Desaussure, Judge H. W., of S. Carolina, 1775-
1839. Reports Ct. Chan. and Ct. of H. in Equity, in S.
Car. from the Rev. to 1813. Columbia, 1817-19, 4 vols.
8vo; 2d ed., revised and corrected by a member of the
Philadelphia Bar, 4 vols. in 2, Svo, Phila.
Descherny, David, M.D. The Stone, Lon., 1753, Svo.
Fevers, 1760, Svo. Small-Pox, 1760, Svo. Gout, 1760, Svo.
Des Barres. Cape Breton, Lon., 1804, Sro.
"Privately printed, and suppressed."
See Colonel Aspinwall's Cat., p. 55.
Des Barres, J. F. W.
J. F. W. The Atlantic Neptune;
pub.
2 vols. atlas fol.
for the use of the Royal Navy of Great Britain, Lon., 1777,
"The most splendid collection of charts, plans, and views, ever
published. It was executed at the expense of the British Govern-
ment for the use of the British navy, and no expense appears to
have been spared in the execution in order to render it a monu-
ment worthy of the nation."-Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nora, q. v. for
collation.
Des Ecotais, Lewis. Memoirs, 1677, Svo.
Deshler, C. D. Selections from the Poetical Work
of Chaucer, N. York, 1847, 12mo.
De Sola, Rev. D. A. L., and Raphall, M. J. The
Sacred Scriptures in Hebrew and Greek, Lon., 1844, 1 vol.
Svo: all that has been pub.
Des Maizeaux, Des Maiseaux, or Desmai-
scaux, Peter, 1666-1745, a native of Auvergne, lived
many years in England, where he died. He wrote the
Lives of St. Evremond, Bayle, Boileau, Chillingworth,
and John Hales, pub. a Collection of Pieces by Newton,
Leibnitz, Clarke, Locke, &c., (Amst.. 1720, 2 vols. 12mo,)
and engaged in several other literary labours. Bayle's
Dictionary, (in English,) 2d ed., to which is prefixed a Life
of the Author by Des Maizeaux, Lon., 1734–37, 5 vols. fol.
This ed. is worth about £5, in good condition. We have
already dwelt upon the merits and demerits of Bayle's
Dictionary in our article BIRCH, THOMAS, q. v.
Desmond, W. Chemical Philos., Lon.. 180S.
Desmus, R. Merlinus Anonymus, an Ephemeris
for the year 1653; ditto for 1655, Lon., 1654, '55, Svo.
Despaurrius, M. Neville Family, founded on Facts,
1815, 3 vels.
Dessian, J. On Navigation, 1802, '13.
Desvœux, A. V. A Philos. and Crit. Essay on Eccle-
siastes, Lon., 1760, 4to. In German, at Halle, 1764, 4to.
He deserves well of all the lovers of sacred literature for the
pains which he has taken to elucidate one of the darkest parts of
Scripture.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
The author has shown very considerable abilities as a critic."-
Lon. Monthly Keview,
Dethick, Henry. Carmina in Ferias Sacras, Lon.,
1577, ito.
•
495
DET
DEW
|
Dethick, Sir Win., Garter Principal King of Arms.
Antiquities of Funeral Ceremonies; of Epitaphs, Mottoes,
and the Christian Religion in England. See Hearne's Col-
lections, 1771.
Dethycke.
Gardener's Labyrinthe, 1586, 4to.
Deuchar, A. British Crests, Edin., 1817, Svo.
Deusbery, Wm. Theolog. treatises, 1654–56.
Deuwes, Giles. Introduc. to Frenche, Lon., 4to.
Devarius, M. Græcæ Linguæ Particulis, 1718.
De Veil, Charles Maria, D.D., a learned converted
Jew of Metz, in Lorraine, joined the Ch. of Rome, then the
Ch. of England, and finally attached himself to the Bap-
tists, among whom he preached until his death. Explicatio
literalis Evang. sec. Matt. et Marcum, Lon., 1672, '78, 8vo;
do. Cantici Canticorum, 1679; do. Minor Proph., 1680, 8vo;
do. Ecclesiasticæ, 1681; do. Auctorum Apostolorum, 1684.
An English trans. of this last was pub. 1685, Svo.
All his expository works possess considerable value."-Orme's
Bibl. Bib., q. v. for particular notices.
Deveil, Sir Thos. Life and Times, 1748, 8vo.
Devenish, Thos. The Duty of Love, and the Evil
of Uncharitableness, 1649, 4to.
De Vere, Sir Aubrey. Song of Faith, Devout Ex-
ercises, and Sonnets, Lon., 1842.
Dedication.-TO WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, Esq.: My dear sir-To
know that you have perused many of the following Poems with
pleasure, and did not hesitate to reward them with your praise. has
been to me cause of unmingled happiness. In accepting the Dedi-
cation of this Volume, you permit me to link my name-which I
have hitherto done so little to illustrate with yours, the noblest
of modern literature. I may at least hope to be named hereafter
as one among the friends of WORDSWORTH. As such, I trust you
will ever regard your faithful
AUBREY De Vere.
“Curra Chase, May 20. 1842.”
Waldenses, 1842. The Search after Proserpine, and other
Poems, 1843. Mary Tudor; a Drama, with Poems, 1847.
English Misrule and Irish Misdeeds, 1848. Sketches of
Greece and Turkey, 1850.
De Vere, Maximilian Schele, b. 1820, near Wexio,
in Sweden; Member of the Oriental Society; a resident of
the U.S. 1. Outlines of Comparative Philology, N. York,
12mo. 2. Grammar of the Spanish Language, N. Y., 12mo.
3. Stray Leaves from the Book of Nature, N.Y., 1850, 12mo.
Contrib. to Putnam's Monthly, South. Lit. Mess.. &c.
Deverel. Surgical con. to Phil. Trans., 1720.
Deverell, Mary. Serms., 1777, 8vo. Miscellanies,
1781, 2 vols. 12mo. Heroic Poem, 1786, 8vo. Queen of
Scots; a Trag., 1792, 8vo.
Deverell, Robt. Antiquarian works, Lon., 1802, '06.
Discoveries in Hieroglyphics and other Antiquities, 1813,
6 vols. 8vo. Withdrawn after the sale of a few copies only.
Fever, 4to.
Devereux. Views on the Mediterranean, 1847, imp. fol.
Devereux, Hon. Capt., R.N. Lives of the Earls
of Essex, 1540-1646, Lon., 1852, 2 vols. 8vo.
Devereux, J. E. Factions in Ireland, 1808:
Devereux, Robert, second Earl of Essex, 1567-1601,
the unfortunate favourite of Queen Elizabeth, is classed by
Horace Walpole among the Royal and Noble Authors of
England. See a list of his writings in vol. ii. 76. Park's
ed. Many of his letters will be found in Birch's Memoirs
of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, and in several collections.
of State Papers. The Verses written in his Trouble will
be found in Ellis's Specimens; and the Earle of Essex, his
Buzze, a poetical complaint, is in Park's Walpole's R. and
N. Authors. Mr. Park is disposed to think that if Warton
had read the Buzze, he would have set a higher estimation
upon the Earl's claims as a poet:
"A few of his sonnets are in the Ashmolean Museum, which
have no marks of poetic genius; but he is a vigorous and elegant
writer of prose.”—Warlon's Hist. of Eng. Poetry.
Horace Walpole considers his long letter to the Queen
from Ireland, on the condition of that country, &c., (see
the Bacon Papers, vol. ii. 415,)
"Of all his compositions, the most excellent, and in many re-
spects equal to the performances of the greatest geniuses.”—R. and
N. Authors, Park's ed., ii. 105.
Devereux, Robert, third Earl of Essex, 1592-1646,
only son of the preceding, has also some claims as an au-
thor. A list of his Letters, Speeches, Proclamations, &c.
will be found in Watt's Bibl. Brit., and some in Park's Wal-
pole's R. and N. Authors.
Essex had ever an honest heart, and though nature had not
given him eloquence, he had a strong reason which did express
him better."-ARTHUR WILSON: Hist. of King James, p. 162.
"He was in his friendships just and constant, and would not
have practised foully against those he took to be his enemies."-
LORD CLARENDON: Hist. of the Bebellion.
"He was in no way inclined to the sullen opinion of those men
who disdain the muses."—Wood: Athen. Ozon. See Park's Wal-
pole's R. and N. Authors, iii. 5.
Devereux, Thomas P. Reports Supreme Ct. N. Car.j
1826-34, Raleigh, 4 vols. 8vo, 1829-36; in Ct. of Equity,
do., 1826-34, 2 vols. 8vo, 1838-40; T. P. D. and W. H. Bat-
tle. Reports in Superior Ct. of N. Car., 1834-40, 4 vols.
Svo,1837-40; Equity Reports, 1834-40, 2 vols. Svo, 1838-40.
Devereux, Walter, first Earl of Essex, 1540-1576,
father of Elizabeth's favourite, was the author of A Godly
and Virtuous Song, otherwise called The Complaynte of a
Sinner, printed in the Paradise of daiutie Devises, 1576.
See these verses, collated with the MS. and printed copies,
in Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors, ii. 18.
De Vericour, L. R. Milton and Epic Poetry. Mo-
dern French Literature. Educational Reports. Other
works. Historical Analysis of Christian Civilization, Lon.,
1850, 8vo; 1853.
"The object of this work has been to trace an outline of the His-
tory of European Nations, and of Christian Civilization since the
Christian Era, and to place the Science of History upon its lofty
and real basis, viz.: the doctrine of Progress."
"An immense body of information is comprised in this volume,
and this too embracing all the great points in the civil and ecclesi-
astical history of every country in Europe."
Appended to this vol. is an Historical Library or Cata-
logue of Historical Works, occupying twenty pages.
Devis, Ellin. Grammar, &c., Lon., 1777, '84.
Devis, James. Serm., 1756.
Devlin, J. Dacres. Helps to Hereford History, Civil
and Legendary, 1848, 12mo.
"A little work full of antiquarian information, presented in a
pleasing and popular form."--Nonconformist.
Devonshire, Elizabeth Hervey, Duchess of,
1759-1824, distinguished for beauty, talents, and literary
taste, printed an edit. at Rome of the poem of the passage
of St. Gothard by Georgiana, the former Duchess of De-
vonshire, (v. post.) She also pub. beautiful edits. of the
5th satire of Horace, lib. i., and the neid of Virgil.
Devonshire, Georgiana, Duchess of, 1757-1806,
also distinguished for her beauty and accomplishments,
wrote The Passage of Mount St. Gothard, a Poem, pub.
together with an Italian trans. by Sig. Polidori, Lon., 1802,
fol. Another ed. in English and French by the Abbé də
Lille, 1802, Svo. An edit. was also pub. at Rome, v: ante.
Dew, Samuel. Serm., 1735, Svo.
Dew, Thomas, late Pres. of the Coll. of William and
Mary. A Digest of the Laws, Customs, Manners, and Insti-
tutions of the Ancient and Modern Nations, N.Y., 1853, Svo..
"I greatly prefer it to any history for the use of schools which
I have seen."-PROF. J. J. OWEN, N. York Free Academy.
Dew, Thomas R., d. 1846, graduated at William
and Mary College, and at the age of 23 occupied_the
chair of Moral Science in the same institution. 1. Lec-
2.
tures on the Restrictive System, Richmond, Svo.
Lectures on Ancient and Modern History; new ed., N.
York, 1853, Svo. 3. A volume on Slavery, in which he
advocates the views held by John C. Calhoun.
Dewar, Daniel, D.D. Observations on the Irish,
1812, Svo. Discourses illus. of the Designs of Christ'y.,
1818. Svo.
The style is generally elegant, chaste, and classical.”—Lon.
Congreg. Mag.
The Church, 1845, 8vo. The Holy Spirit, His Personality
and Divinity, Lon., 1847, Svo.
'
"We earnestly commend the book to students of divinity.”—
Lon. Erangel. Mog.
The Nature, Reality, and Efficacy of the Atonement,12mo.
“A candid, elaborate, and spirited defence of the truth as it is in
Jesus."-Lon. Christian Instructor.
Other works.
Dewar, Ed. H. German Protestantism, Oxf., 1844.
Dewar, Henry, M.D. Profess. treatises, &c., 1803-17.
Dewell, T., M.D. Philos. of Physic, 1784, Svo.
Dewees, William Potts, M.D., 1768-1841, Prof. of
Midwifery in the University of Pennsylvania. Inaugural
Essays; 2 edits. Medical Essays, Phila., 1823. System
of Midwifery, 12th ed., 1854, Svo, pp. 600.
"It is founded on the French system of Obstetrics, especially on
that of Baudelocque. It takes a stand in advance of Denham,
Osborne, Burns, and other English authorities in general use in
our country at that period, and even of Baudelocque himself, in
throwing aside from his excellent system much that was useless,
and, it may be said, imaginative.”—Memoir by H. L. Hodge, M.D.,
in Amer. Med. Journal.
A Treatise on the Physical and Medical Treatment of
Children, 1825; 10th ed., 1854, 8vo. pp. 548. A Treatise
on the Diseases of Females, 1826; 10th ed., 1854, 8vo, pp.
532. On the Practice of Medicine, 1830.
"He chose Baudelocque for his teacher, and often declared that,
he was indebted to that most distinguished French obstetrician for
all that he knew himself of midwifery. The disciple was worthy
of his master."-Supra; vide Williams's Med. Biog., 1845, 8vo.
D'Ewes, Sir Symonds, 1602-1650, a native of Cox-
don, Dorsetshire, was educated at St. John's Coll., Camb.
496
DEW
DIB
At the early age of 18 he commenced collecting materials
for a History of England. These were pub. after his death,
revised by Paul Bowes, under the title of The Journal of
all the Parliaments during the Reign of Queen Elizabeth,
1682, fol., and 1687, '93, and. 1708.
"The Journals of the Parliaments. by Sir Symonds D'Ewes, is a
work of authority connected with the reign of Queen Elizabeth.
The preface is worth reading; it is animating, it is edifying, to see
the piety and industry of these venerable men of former times."-
Prof. Sinyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist. And see Edin. Rev., lxxxiv. 76.
Two Speeches: 1. The Antiquity of Cambridge; 2. The
Privilege of Parliament, 1641, fol.; 1642. Other Speeches,
&c. In 1845 was pub. Sir Symonds D'Ewes's Autobiog.
and Corresp., edited by Halliwell, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. These
vols. should accompany the Diaries of Evelyn and Pepys.
Dewey, George W., b. 1818, at Baltimore, is a resi-
dent of Philadelphia. He has contributed a number of
poems and prose essays to the periodicals of the day. See
specimens in Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America.
•
Of our younger and minor poets no one has more natural grace
and tenderness than George W. Dewey. . . . He has not written
much. but whatever he has given to the public is written well, and
all bis compositions have the sign of a genuineness that never fails
to please.”—International Magazine, iii. 286, 1851.
Dewey, Orville, D.D., b. 1794, in Sheffield, Berkshire
co., Massachusetts, a Unitarian minister. Discourses on
Various Subjects, 1835, 3 vols. The Old World and the
New; or Journal of a Tour in Europe, 1836, 2 vols. Moral
Views of Commerce, Society, and Politics, in 12 Discourses,
1838. Discourses on Human Life, 1841. Discourses and
Reviews on Questions relating to Controversial Theology
and Practical Religion, 1846. On Human Nature, Human
Life, &c., 1847. On the Nature of Religion and on Busi-
ness, 1847. Works, 1847, 3 vols. Many of Mr. Dewey's
works have been repub. in London, 1838–51.
Dexter, Samuel, of Boston, 1761-1816, Secretary of
War of the U. States. Speeches. Political Papers.
Dey, R. Two Books over Lincoln; or a View of his
Holy Table, Name, and Thing.
Diaper, Wm. Dryades; a Poem, and a trans. from
Oppian into English Verse, 1713, '22.
Dibben, Thomas. Serms., 1711, '12.
Dibdin, Charles, 1745-1814, an actor and dramatist,
is still better known by his famous Sea-Songs, which amount
to nearly 1200 in number. A new ed., with a Memoir by
T. Dibdin, illustrated by G. Cruikshank, was pub. in 1850,
fp. 8vo.
"These Songs have been the solace of sailors in long voyages. in
storms, in battles; and they have been quoted in mutinies to the
restoration of order and discipline.”—Dibdin's Life.
A list of 47 dramatic pieces, and a number of other pub-
lications, will be found in Biog. Dramat. He pub. in 1795
a complete History of the English Stage, 5 vols. Svo. This
work is not much valued. See COLLIER, J. P.
Dibdin, Charles, Jr., d. 1833, son of the preceding,
also pub. a number of songs and dramatic pieces. See
pieces. See
Biog. Dramat.
!
Dibdin, Thomas, 1771-1841, brother of the pre-
ceding, was also a dramatic poet and song-writer. His first
piece, The Mad Guardian, was pub. under the assumed
name of T. Merchant. See a list of his pieces, 39 in num-
ber, in the Biog. Dramat. He is said to have composed
more than 1000 songs. In 1813 he pub. The Metrical Hist.
of England, 2 vols. 8vo; and in 1828, 2 vols. 8vo, appeared
his Reminiscences.
܀
"Ilis reasoning is generally comprehensive, and his illustrations
often poetical. There is a happy mixture of ease and finish in his
style."-Griswold's Prove Writers of America.
Dewhirst, Rev. Chas. Theolog. treatises, 1813-35.
Dewing, H. C. Mysteries of Paris, r. Svo.
De Wint, Mrs. J. P. The Journal and Correspond-
ence of Miss Adams, daughter of John Adams, President
of the U. States, and wife of Col. Smith, Sec. to the Ame-
rican Legation at London, N. York, 1841-42, 2 vols. Mrs.
De Wint was a daughter of Mrs. Adams.
De Witt, Benj., M.D., of N. York, d. 1819, aged 45.
Oxygen, 1797. Oration, 1808. Minerals in N. York; pub.
in Mem. of A. A. S., vol. ii.
De Witt, Simeon, of Ithaca, N. York, d. 1834, aged
79. On Engineering, &c.
De Witt, Susan, d. 1824. The Pleasures of Religion; Bibliomania.
The Pleasures of Religion;
a Poem.
"It has been much read and admired."-Allen's Amer. Bing. Dict.
De Wolf, L. E. Constable's Guide, 1845, 12mo.
De Wolf, Wm. P. Rose's Chemical Tables, 1850,
r. Svo.
"Dibdin's Reminiscences will be found to contain a larger portion
of curious history relating to the intrigues and cabals connected
with the internal management of our national theatres than any
other work extant."-Lon. M. Chroicle.
32
:
[
,
!
Dibdin, Thomas Frognall, D.D., 1775-1347, an
eminent English bibliographer, was a nephew of Charles
Dibdin, the naval song-writer, and a son of Captain Thomas
Dibdin, celebrated by his brother as
"Poor Tom Bowling, the darling of our crew."
The subject of our memoir, who was born at Calcutta,
lost both of his parents when he was but four years of age,
and being sent to England, was placed under the guardian-
ship of his maternal uncle, Mr. William Compton. After
passing through his preparatory studies at Reading, Stock-
well, and Isleworth, he was matriculated at Oxford as a
commoner of St. John's College. Selecting the profession
of law, he became a pupil of Mr. Basil Montagu of Lin-
coln's Inn; but having determined after mature reflection
to enter the Church, he was in 1804 ordained by Dr. North,
Bishop of Winchester. For biographical details connected
with Dr. Dibdin as a clergyman, we must refer the reader
to his own Reminiscences, pub. in 1836, 2 vols. 8vo, and to
the excellent obituary notice in the Gentleman's Magazine
for Jan., 1848, to which sources we shall be indebted for
Whilst at Oxford he wrote a number of essays, which were
some of the facts which it is our intention to record.
pub. in the European Magazine, and some poetical pieces,
which were printed in a vol. in 1797, 8vo. The author's
estimate of these productions does not seem to have been
very high:
I struck off 500 copies. and was glad to get rid of half of them
as waste paper; the remaining half have been partly destroyed by
my own hands. . . . My only consolation is that the volume is
now EXCEEDINGLY rare."-Bibliomania, edit. 1809. See Reminis-
cences. 176.
Whilst at Worcester he wrote some tales, one of which,
La Belle Marianne, was privately printed in 1824. For a
short time-the journal, indeed, was short-lived-Dibdin
contributed to a weekly periodical entitled The Quiz, the
articles connected with antiquity and art. While still en-
gaged in legal pursuits, he pub., each on a large sheet, an
analysis of Blackstone's Rights of Persons, and the Law of
the Poor Rate. In 1802 he edited a Hist. of Cheltenham,
and pub. the first edit. of his Introduction to the Greek
and Latin Classics; in 1805 trans. Fenelon on the Educa-
tion of Daughters; and in 1807 contributed to the Weekly
Director, of which he also edited the essays entitled Biblio-
graphiana, and the British Gallery. In the same year
be edited (under the assumed name of Reginald Wolfe)
Quarles's Judgment and Mercy for Afflicted Souls, and in
1808 superintended a new edit. of Sir Thomas More's Uto-
pia. In 1809 Dr. Ferriar addressed to Richard Heber. Esq.,
the princely book-collector, a poetical epistle entitled The
Bibliomania. This suggested to Dr. Dibdin his amusing
and instructive volume of the same name. The first edi-
tion, printed in 1809, was a small octavo volume of S7 pages.
where it occupies but 64 pages. An enlarged edit.
It was reprinted and appended to the 3d edit., pub. in 1842,
appeared
in 1811, Sro, with the addition of A Bibliographical Ro-
mance to the title. It was favourably received; and paid
large-paper copies were struck off in 2 vols. imp. Svo, at
the author a profit of £200. It was pub. at £1 78.; 19
ten guineas each. This edit. was in such demand before
the publication of the 3d, that small copies were sold for
eight guineas, and large paper for 50 guineas. We quote
some opinions upon the merits of this favourite volume:
"It would be mere affectation to say that I have not derived
much information from it. . . . Indeed your knowledge of biblio-
graphy has excited my surprise.”—DR. Ferkiar.
+
Your books are no dead letters-no mere dry transcripts: but
while they furnish beautiful ornaments, set the senses all in mo-
tion: exhibit a happy talent of reassembling and new-combining
your wide-sought and infinite materials. To lead the dance of
ideas, to race over such an immeasurable field of literature, can
SIR S. EGERTON BRYDGES.
only be given to one of the most elastic and vigorous powers."-
I have not yet recovered from the delightful delirium into
which your
your 'Bibliomania' has completely thrown me. . . . Your
book, to my taste, is one of the most extraordinary gratifications
hundred pages at a sitting, and I can repeat the pleasure with-
I have enjoyed for many years. You have glued me down to two
out losing it."-ISAAC DISRAELI.
"You have given us another Moriæ Encomium, seasoned with
a salt which that work has not-with the united flavour of gayety
and good humour. Yet I fear that you, like many other doctors,
will only make the disease worse."-FRANCIS DOUCE.
3
"The Bibliomania being once entered on, compelled me to be-
come a borrower of the night for a dark hour or twain' to finish
it. I can truly say that I was much amused and interested by
it."-E. V. UTTERSON.
your new edition of The Bibliomania."-SIR FRANCIS FREELING.
"I have been revelling for the last two days in the delights of
!
"A thousand thanks, my dear sir, for your lively satire."-
WALTER SCOTT.
"To the extensive and amusing information contained in these
works, fedits. of 1809 and 1811.] the larger volume especially, the
limits of this notice are inadequate to render justice. All Mr. Dib
497
DIB
DIB
din's publicatiors are indispensably necessary to the bibliographi- | relying upon his own résources exclusively-was over engaged."-
cal student. Happy may be deem himself who possesses a copy
of this work."—Horne's Introduc, to Bibliography, p. 521.
Author's Reminiscences.
"One of the most beautiful and covetable books of modern
times."-ROBERT SOUTHEY.
"Your splendid work is one of the most handsome which ever
came from the British Press."-WALter Scott.
To those testimonies of the value of the Bibliomania could
bo added those of Earl Spencer, the Rt. Hon. Thos. Gren-
ville, Sir M. M. Sykes, the Rev. Henry Drury, and others.
Of illustrated copies, one belonging to Mr. Wm. Turner
of Islington, was sold to Mr. Town of New York for 60
guineas, and the author remarks:
"I believe I have seen a similar copy on large paper, marked in
a bookseller's catalogue at one hundred and twenty guineas.”
The third edit. of the Bibliomania was pub. in 1842,
r. Svo, small paper, £3 38.; large paper, £5 58. This edit.
is much the best, and contains a key to the assumed Cha-
racters in the Romance.
It is here proper te notice two privately-printed brochures
of Dr. Dibdin; one, entitled Specimen Bibliothecæ Bri-
tannicæ, was printed in 1808; the other, Specimen of an
English De Bure, in 1810. In 1807-11 he pub. three arti-
cles in the Classical Journal on the first Bible and Psalters
printed at Mentz; and in 1811 he printed privately the
Lincolne Nosegay, a selection of poetical pieces.
The next great work of our enterprising bibliographer-
The Typographical Antiquities of Great Britain-has
already been noticed at length in our article AMES, JOSEPH,
to which we refer the reader. The 66 large paper copies,
imp. 4to, were pub. at £29 88.; small paper, £14 148.
About a year after the publication of the 2d edit. of the
Bibliomania, at the suggestion of Dr. Dibdin, the famous
Roxburghe Club was established. It be said to have
sprung out of the sale of the Roxburghe Library. Earl
Spencer was chosen President, and our author Vice-Pre-
sident.
In 1817, 3 vols. r. 8vo, appeared The Bibliographical
Decameron, or Ten Days' Pleasant Discourse upon Illumi-
nated Manuscripts, and subjects connected with Early En-
graving, Topography, and Bibliography. The small-paper
copies, of which there were 760, were sold at £7 178. 6d.
to subscribers; £9 98. to non-subscribers; large paper,
£15 15s. Overtures were made for its republication in
French, but it was too late. The curious blocks from which
the engravings were made had been destroyed by the au-
thor and his friends. Although a thorough-paced biblio-
maniac, we have no sympathy with such barbarous waste.
The Decameron is assuredly one of the most beautiful, as
well as one of the most instructive, books in the language.
We have space for the quotation of one opinion only:
"The volumes not only exceed my expectation, but even my
imagination. I could never have conceived any work so interest-
ing for its decorations. It is surely without a rival in the whole
history of Typography.”—ISAAC DISRAELI.
liophobia.
We now come to notice the Bibliotheca Spenceriana,
pub. in 4 vols. super-roy. Svo, in 1814; small paper at £3 88.
and £9 98., and large paper £18 18s. The germ of this
splendid work was a small volume of 34 pp., of which 36
copies were printed, entitled Book Rarities, or a Descrip-
tive Catalogue of some of the most curious, rare, and va-
In 1820, and also in 1825, our author pub. a volume of
luable books of early date, chiefly in the collection of the
sermons, two single sermons in 1830 and 1831, an edit. of
Rt. Hon. George John, Earl Spencer, K. G. It is devoted,
with two exceptions, to the early-printed Dantes and Pe- Thomas à Kempis's Imitation of Christ in 1828, and a
trarchs at Spencer House. To the Bibliotheca Spenceriana collection of sermons by various authors in 6 vols. in 1830.
a supplement was added in 1815, and Edes Althorpianæ
a description of Spencer House and its treasures-pub. in
1822, may be considered vols. 5th and 6th, and the Cata-
legue of the Cassano Library, vol. 7th, of this interesting
series. The author of this noble set of books might well
say, on reviewing the results of his labours:
"I have done every thing in my power to establish, on a firm
foundation. the celebrity of a Library of which the remembrance
cau only perish with every other record of individual fame."
One
We must notice two illustrated copies of this work.
is in the library of Lord Spencer at Althorp. Among
other rarities, it has many duplicate proofs of copper-
plates. It cost his lordship upwards of 150 guineas. The
other copy was formerly in the possession of George Henry
Freeling. He had extended his three volumes to eleven,
which were bound in morocco by the famous Lewis. Mr.
Freeling, as will readily be believed, was enthusiastically
fond of the Decameron.
The Tour was pub. at £9 98., small paper, and £16 168.,
large paper. Of illustrated copies, perhaps the most re-
markable is one which passed through the hands of Henry
Drury, George Hibbert, and P. A. Hanrott. It sold at Hib
bert's sale for £92 88., and at Haurott's for £178 108.
The gentlemen who paid this price for it was induced to
part with it by "a very splendid offer," but what that was,
we believe, bas not transpired. An account of this beau-
tiful copy may be seen in Bibliotheca Hanrottiana, No.
2412. A second edition of the Tour, in 3 smaller volumes,
was pub. in 1829. It is a very meagre affair compared
with the first impression, and pub. at only £2 15s. There
is also a French trans. by M. Theodore Licquet, Paris,
1825, 4 vols. Svo. In 1819 Dr. Dibdin projected a Ilis-
tory of the University of Oxford, which it is much to be
regretted should have failed for want of encouragement.
This noble university is much to blame for its neglect of
a matter in which it has so deep an interest. From June,
1822, to Dec., 1825, he contributed a number of articles to
1824 he pub. The Library Companion, or the Young Man's
Valpy's Museum, a periodical of short continuance. In
Guide and the Old Man's Comfort in the choice of a Library.
A second vol. was contemplated, but the British Critic and
the Westminster Quarterly Reviews criticized the work
severely, and it was not continued. Nevertheless, it is
a work of considerable value, and deserves a wider circu-
lation than it has obtained. It was pub. at £1 78.; a few
copies on large paper at £5 58. A second edit. appeared
in 1825. From an anecdote recorded at page 391 of the
first edit., concerning "certain buckskins," and which is
omitted in the subsequent one. it has acquired the title of
the "Breeches Edition," and is quoted as such in the Bib-
"If the gods could read," he exclaimed, "they would
never be without a copy of the Decameron in their side-
pocket!"
In 1821 our author gave to the world the results of his
nine months' exploration of continental libraries, in A Bi-
bliographical, Antiquarian, and Picturesque Tour in France
and Germany, 3 vols. r. 8vo. The money paid to engravers
alone in the getting up of these volumes approached £5000.
"A Work the most costly on the score of embellishments, and
the most perilous on that of responsibility, in which a Traveller-
Protestant's Manual for the Sabbath Day, more than 4000
Of this collection, entitled The Sunday Library, or the
perfect sets were sold. It was pub. at £1 108., and a new
edit. was issued in 1851 at the very low price of 168.
Bp. Heber, Jones of Nayland, C. W. Le Bas, Bp. Maltby,
Principal Authors.-Bp. Blomfield, Rev. Robert Hall,
Bp. Mant, Dean Milman, Dr. Parr, Archdeacon Pott, Rev.
Sidney Smith, Archbishop Sumner, Bp. Van Mildert, &c.
In 1827 he issued a 4th edit. of his Introduction to the
Greek and Latin Classics. Of this work the first edit.
was pub. in 1803, the 2d in 1804, and the 3d in 1809. The
4th edit. was pub. at £2 28.; large paper, £6 68. It is a
most valuable work, and will save the classical student
much time and toil. In 1831 he pub. anonymously a
pamphlet, entitled Bibliophobia: Remarks on the Present
languid and depressed state of Literature and the Book
Trade; in a Letter addressed to the Author of the Biblio-
mania; by Mercurius Rusticus, with Notes by Cato Par-
vus. This is an amusing, though to the true Biblioma-
niac also a melancholy, volume. In 1833 our author pub.
two small vols. entitled Lent Lectures.
"These subjects are well chosen. and Dr. Dibdin, who doubtless
knows full well what a London audience is. tells them very plainly
that he thinks it expedient not to attempt too much, but to set
before them the strongest and most striking points of each sub-
ject."-British Magazine.
His Reminiscences of a Literary Life, which should be
in the possession of every one aspiring to be a man of
books, was pub. in 1836, 2 vols. 8vo. It is a most valu-
able storehouse of biographical and bibliographical anec-
dote. In 1838 appeared A Bibliographical, Antiquarian,
and Picturesque Tour in the Northern Counties of Eng-
land and Scotland, 2 vols. r. 8vo; small paper, £4 148. 6.;
large paper, £8 188. 6d. This is a handsome work, but
much inferior to the Tour in France and Germany. To
Dr. Dibdin, more than to any other individual, is to be
ascribed the prevalence of the spirit of Bibliomania which
raged with such violence in England from about 1812 to
1824. Did our space permit, we might perhaps occupy a
few pages not unprofitably in considering the tempting
subject of book-collecting, its use and abuse, its advan-
tages and disadvantages, its excess and its proper limits.
It is a subject much misunderstood by the ignorant, and
Informed by
often misrepresented by the contracted.
knowledge and restrained by discretion, it is certainly one
of the most useful, as well as amiable, of onthusiasms
498
DIC
DIC
To quote from the author whose labours in this depart-
ment we have now had under consideration:
64
When the STUDY of BIBLIOGRAPHY shall be more generally cul-
tivated, its uses will be more generally acknowledged. It will be
found to rank among those branches of antiquarian research which
are as conducive to correct taste and intelligence as any other.”
But we should be disposed to claim much more than
this for enlightened BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Into the particular merits or demerits as a bibliographer,
of the author of The Decameron, we will not be expected
to examine, in the brief limits to which we are confined.
There can be no question, however, of the justice of the
commendations which we now quote with entire approba-
tion, and with which we shall conclude our article:
"No collection can be complete without Dr. Dibdin's volumes.
which are, independent of the solid information they contain. fre
quently enlivened by literary anecdotes, and rendered generally in
teresting by great variety of observation and acuteness of remark.”
"You have contrived to strew flowers over a path which, in
other bands, would have proved a very dull one; and all Biblio-
munes must remember you long, as he who first united their an-
tiquarian details with good-humoured raillery and cheerfulness."
Sir Walter Sc U to Dr. Dibdin.
Diceto, Radulph De. See RADULPH DE DICETO.
Dicey, Thomas. Hist. Account of Guernsey, with
Remarks on Jersey and other Islands, Lon., 1750, 12mo.
This work has been highly cominended.
Dick, Sir Alex., 1703-1785, a distinguished Scottish
physician. De Epilepsia, 1725. Account of his Life.
Trans. R. Soc., Edin., 1790.
Dick, Andrew Coventry, Advocate. Dissertation
on Church Polity, Edin., 1835, sm. 8vo; last ed., 1851,
12mo.
"An excellent piece of sound and eloquent argumentation.”—
Lowndes's Bril. Lib.
"A book very ably written, and containing the best arguments
in favour of the voluntary system that I have ever seen.”—Lord
Aberdeen, in the House of Lords.
The Nature and Office of the State, Lon., 1848, 8vo.
Dick, John, D.D., 1764-1833, a native of Aberdeen,
Prof. of Theol. to United Secession Church. False Teach-
ers, Edin., 1788, Svo. Inspiration of the Scriptures, 1800,
12mo; 1804, Svo; Glasg., 1813, Svo.
"Altogether the best essay in the language on the subject of
inspiration."-Orme's Bibl. Bib., 1824.
46
A sensible and well-written essay."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Lectures on Theology, with a Memoir by his son, 2d
ed., Edin., 1834, 4 vols. 8vo.
A body of Christian theology, lucid, discriminating, compre-
hensive, orthodox."-Williams's Christian Preacher.
Lectures on the Acts of the Apostles, Glasg., 1805-08,
2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1822, Svo; 3d ed., 1848, sm. Svo.
"Well written, though not critical."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"They contain altogether a useful illustration of many import-
ant passages of the Acts; they are full of good sense and ortho-
dox divinity, conveyed in a perspicuous and easy style."-Lon.
Eclectic Review.
A vol. of Dr. Dick's sermons has been published.
Dick, Robert, D.D. Serms., 1758, 62, Edin., Sro.
Dick, Robert, M.D. Derangement of the Digestive
Organs, Lon., 1843, cr. Svo. Diet and Regimen, 1838,
p. Svo; 1839, 12mo.
"One of the most enlightened and philosophical writers of his
class.”—Lon. Monthly Review.
"It treats most ably of diet and physical cultivation, and also
of moral and intellectual regulation."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
Dick, Rev. Thomas, LL.D., 1774-1857, b. near
Dundee, Scotland, nobly earned the dignified title attached
to one of his excellent volumes,-The Christian Philoso-
pher. He was educated at the University of Edinburgh,
and, after completing his studies, entered the ministry
of the Secession Church. Much of his time was devoted
to teaching, for which elevated and philanthropic calling
few men have been better fitted. An interesting notice
of this venerated benefactor of his race will be found
in Professor C. D. Cleveland's (a personal and attached
friend of Dr. Dick) English Literature of the 19th Century,
in which work we find the following list of Dr. Dick's
publications:
1. The Christian Philosopher, or the Connection of
Science with Religion, 1823. 2. The Philosophy of Reli-
gion, or an Illustration of the Moral Laws of the Uni-
verse, 1825. 3. The Philosophy of a Future State, 1828.
4. The Improvement of Society by the Diffusion of Know-
ledge. 5. On the Mental Illumination and Moral Im-
provement of Mankind, 1835. 6. Christian Beneficence
contrasted with Covetousness, 1836. 7. Celestial Scenery,
1838. 8. The Sidereal Heavens, 1840. 9. The Practical
Astronomer, 1845. 10. The Solar System, 1846. 11. The
Atmosphere and Atmospherical Phenomena, 1848. 12.
The Telescope and Microscope, 1851. Several of these
works have been trans. into other languages, and the So-
1
:
lar System into the Chinese. Dr. Dick has also contri
buted largely to the periodicals of the day. Messrs. E
C. & J. Biddle of Philadelphia pub. in 1850 a uniform
edition of Dr. Dick's works in 10 vols. 12mo. Messrs. Ap-
plegate & Co. of Cincinnati also publish a fine edition,
complete in 2 vols. r. 8vo. We have before us commenda-
tory notices of Dr. Dick's volumes from no less than twenty-
three British periodicals. From these we extract the fol-
lowing:
Notice of the Philosophy of Religion:
"In discussing these interesting and important topics, Dr. Dick
assumes the truth of Divine Revelation, and taking nature and
revelation as they stand, endeavours to show the philosophy--in
other words, the reasonableness-of what has been done, so as to
justify the ways of God to man. The design of such a work is
lofty and benignant, and Dr. Dick has brought to his great arga
cast amount of illustration and proof, presented in a style
condensed and perspicuous, and imbued with the feeling appro
priate to such a theme. We commend it earnestly to the general
reader, and not less so to the Christian preacher. Such modes of
dealing with the foundation of things need to be more common in
our pulpits.”—Brüish Quarterly Review.
Notices of Celestial Scenery:
ment a
This familiar explanation of the most interesting phenomena
is well calculated to unfold the wonders of astronomy to those who
are unacquainted with the mysteries of that science: while those
who have learned its principles will derive pleasure from the specu-
lations on the different aspects of our system, as viewed from the
sun and the several planets."-Lon. Athenæum.
“An admirable book to put into the hands of youth and general
readers."-Lom. Literary Gazette.
"This is an admirable book, not more valuable for the excellence
of its intention, than for the taste, right feeling, and manly simpli-
city of its execution. It is one of the most beautiful and readable
books we ever had in our hands.”—Glasgow Chronicle.
"Dr. Dick is not a mere collector of the opinions of others: but
one who has thought and investigated for himself."-Lon. Eran-
gelical Magazine.
Notices of the Sidereal Heavens:
"A very interesting compilation, made by a practical man. and
one which we can have no fear of recommending as a fit sequel to
the Celestial Scenery of the same author.”—Church of England
Quarterly Review.
The grandeur of our author's conceptions, the beauty of his
style, and the rationality of his conclusions, equally charm the
mind. We most unhesitatingly recommend our readers to treat
themselves with the gratification of perusing this sublime book.
Our author is a Christian philosopher."-Lon. Herald of Pence.
"A popular work on astronomy, in which the author addresses
himself to general students rather than to scientific readers; and
he further improves his design by turning the thoughts of all to
wards the omnipotent Deity, whose works he describes as far as
they are cognizable by buman faculties."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
"No one can peruse this volume without being inspired with
profound admiration and awe, and filled with emotions of deep hu-
mility and reverence. The work is characterized by profound and
elaborate research. suited to the high and imposing theme, and is
pervaded by a reverential spirit towards the mighty Architect.
unhesitatingly commend the work to the perusal of every class."-
Scottish Pilot.
We
"We have seldom met with a more readable or instructive work.
He who has fairly mastered its contents will find himself a sort of
living encyclopædia of astronomical facts. It is pervaded. from
beginning to end, by a feeling of the deepest piety towards that
Being whose celestial architecture it is the author's object to bring
before the wondering and adoring mind of the reader."-Grant's
Journal.
Notices of Christian Beneficence contrasted with Covet
ousness:
"A treatise of singular merit and interest, which cannot be read
without largely instructing the understanding, and deeply im-
pressing and affecting the heart.”—New Connexion Magazine.
"It is, indeed, a truly excellent treatise. In every part it comes
forcibly home to the judgment and conscience of the reader. ...
merit of the work lies in its eminent adaptation for usefulness.
The style of Dr. Dick is correct, dignified, and impressive. The
It is a manly, judicious, and scriptural statement of the reasons
and grounds of liberality of conduct."-General Baptist Repository.
ment and solemn appeals, will result in this case from what may
"We hope that what has not already been effected by sober argu
be regarded as a volume of practical evidence, in which the working
of these antagonist principles is fairly set forth."-Lon. Eclec. Rec.
See also Chris. Month. Spec.. ix. 149, (by Denison Olmsted.)
Dick, Thomas Lauder. Con. on Natural Philos.
to Annals Phil., 1815, '16, '17.
Dick, Sir Wm. His lamentable Case and distressed
Estate, Lon., 1656, fol. A rare book, which has been sold
at great prices. Dowdeswell, 312, £52 10s.; Dent, pt. 1.,
$37, £26 58.; Sir P. Thompson, £28 178. 6d.
Dick, Wm. Dropsies; Med. Com., 1786.
Dick, Wm. A Manual of Veterinary Science from
the 7th edit. Encyc. Brit., Edin. and Lon., 1842, p. 8vo.
"All Farmers and Cattle-dealers, Shepherds, Stablers, Coach-
contractors, every man who is interested in the study of Veteri-
nary Medicine, should have Mr. Dick's manual in his possessiou."
-Edin. Advertiser.
·
"Written and compiled with great care. . . The views will be
found sober, practical, and judicious.”—Quar, Jour, of Agricult.
Dicken, Alldersey. Serms., Camb., 1823.
Dickens, Charles. Serms., 1757, 'S3.
199
DIC
DIC
Dickens, Charles, b. 1812, at Landport, Portsmouth,
England, enjoys the reputation of being the most popular
author of the day. His father, John Dickens, held a post
in the Navy Pay Department, and was subsequently a re-
porter of parliamentary debates. Charles was intended for
the profession of the law, but finding no pleasure in his
studies, obtained his father's consent to "join the parlia-
mentary corps of a daily newspaper." He was first en-
gaged in the office of the True Sun, and subsequently
formed a connexion with the Morning Chronicle, in the
evening edition of which appeared the Sketches of Life
appeared the Sketches of Life
and Character, afterwards pub. as Sketches by Boz in 2
vols., 1836, '37. The extraordinary merit of these papers
was at once acknowledged, and an enterprising publisher
engaged Mr. Dickens and Mr. Seymour, the comic draughts
man, "the one to write and the other to illustrate a book
which should exhibit the adventures of a party of Cockney
Sportsmen." Seymour committed suicide before the book
was finished, and the illustrations were continued by Hablot
K. Browne, under the signature of "Phiz." Never was a
book received with more rapturous enthusiasm than that
which greeted the Pickwick Papers! It may be said, with-
out a trope, that from the peer in his palace to the Jehu on
his box, the book became an immediate favourite with all
classes of society. The public were equally delighted with
the shrewd facetiousness of Samuel Weller, and the unso-
phisticated benevolence of his estimable master, and no
less charmed with the oddities and affectations of the other
members of the circle. The comparisons of Weller Junior
The comparisons of Weller Junior
-not always the most obvious-were quoted and dupli-
cated, if not improved upon, and single gentlemen were
continually admonished to profit by the example of the
"old gentleman," and studiously beware of respectable
matrons who mourned the loss of their conjugal partners.
An author so successful, and who seemed to possess a
perennial spring of humour and a marvellous facility of
character, not unfrequently caricature, drawing, was not
permitted to forget his cunning: the publishers and the
public alike insisted upon more Pickwicks and Wellers;
and Nicholas Nickleby, Oliver Twist, The Old Curiosity
Shop, and Barnaby Rudge, were eagerly read by hundreds
On the completion of
of thousands of delighted readers.
Master Humphrey's Clock, in which the two preceding tales
were included, Mr. Dickens visited America, where he had
no reason to complain of a lukewarm reception.
r/
Upon his return home he gave the world the result of
the impressions produced by his tour, in his American Notes
for General Circulation, pub. in 1842. This volume elicited
a vol. pub. in N. York, 1843, 8vo, entitled Change for Ame-
rican Notes, in Letters from London to New York, by a
Lady. In 1843 he commenced Martin Chuzzlewit, in which
his friends, the Americans, were not forgotten. He visited
Italy in 1844, where he remained for about a year, and on
bis return in 1845 he established a new morning newspa-
per, entitled The Daily News, which he conducted for a
short time. It is now a leading journal. Among other
contributions of Mr. Dickens, a number of sketches,
styled Pictures of Italy, will be found in its columns.
2
Dwight,) xxxii., (by A. P. Peabody ;) Bost. Liv. Age, xxi.)
N. York Eclee. Mag., v., vii., viii., ix., xvi.; N. York Eclec.
Mus., i.; Phila. Mus., xxxi., xxxii. From three or four
of these reviews we append brief quotations:
"The popularity of this writer is one of the most remarkable
literary phenomena of recent times, for it has been fairly earned
without resorting to any of the means by which most other writers
have succeeded in attracting the attention of their contemporaries.
He has flattered no popular prejudice, and profited by no passing
folly: he has attempted no caricature sketches of the manners or
conversation of the aristocracy; and there are very few political or
personal allusions in his works. Moreover, his class of subjects
are such as to expose him at the outset to the fatal objection of
vulgarity: and, with the exception of occasional extracts in the
newspapers, he received little or no assistance from the press. Yet,
in less than six months from the appearance of the first number
about them-the names of Winkle, Wardell, Weller. Snodgrass,
of the Pickwick Papers, the whole reading public were talking
Dodson, and Fogg, had become familiar in our mouthis as house-
hold terms; and Mr. Dickens was the grand object of interest to
the whole tribe of Leo-hunters,' male and female, of the metropo-
lis. Nay, Pickwick chintzes figured in linen-drapers' windows, and
Weller corduroys in breeches-makers' advertisements; Boz cabs
might be seen rattling through the streets, and the portrait of the
author of Pelham or Crichton was scraped down or pasted over to.
make room for that of the new popular favourite in the omnibuses.
This is only to be accounted for on the supposition that a fresh vein
of humour had been opened; that a new and decidedly original
genius had sprung up; and the most cursory reference to preced-
ing English writers of the comic order will show, that, in his own
peculiar walk, Mr. Dickens is not simply the most distinguished,
but the first."-Lon. Quart. Review, lix. 484; Oct. 1837.
·
“There is no misanthropy in his satire, and no coarseness in bis
works are chiefly pictures of humble life-frequently of the hum-
descriptions-a merit enhanced by the nature of his subjects. His
blest. The reader is led through scenes of poverty and crime, and
all the characters are made to discourse in the appropriate language
of their respective classes—and yet we recollect no passage which
ought to cause pain to the most sensitive delicacy, if read aloud in
female society. We have said that his satire was not misanthropic.
This is eminently true. One of the qualities we the most admire
in him is his comprehensive spirit of humanity. The tendency of
his writings is to make us practically benevolent-to excite our sym-
pathy in behalf of the aggrieved and suffering in all classes; and
especially in those who are most removed from observation. He
especially directs our attention to the helpless victims of untoward
circumstances or a vicious system-to the imprisoned debtor-the
orphan pauper-the parish apprentice-the juvenile criminal-and
to the tyranny, which, under the combination of parental neglect,
with the mercenary brutality of a pedagogue, may be exercised
with impunity in schools. His humanity is plain, practical, and
manly. It is quite untainted with sentimentality. There is no
mawkish wailing for ideal distresses-no morbid exaggeration of
the evils incident to our lot—no disposition to excite unavailing
discontent, or to turn our attention from remedial grievances to
those which do not admit a remedy. Though he appeals much to
our feelings, we can detect no instance in which he has employed
the verbiage of spurious philanthropy. He is equally exempt from
the meretricicus cant of spurious philosophy."-Edin. Review,
lxviii. 77, Oct. 1838.
Since the relinquishment of the Daily News, our author
has given to the world Dombey and Son, David Copper-
field, Bleak House, The Child's History of England, Me-
moirs of Joseph Grimaldi, and the Christmas Tales of The
Cricket on the Hearth and The Haunted Man. The Chimes
and the Christmas Carol had been previously published.
To these literary labours of Mr. Dickens must be added
Hard Times, for These Times, 1854, p. Svo; Little Dorritt,
1857. Svo; and papers in The Household Narrative of Cur-
rent Events, and in Household Words, (of which vol. xviii.
was pub. in 1858. The circulation of the latter in London
alone was stated, in 1853, (not by those interested, so far
as we are aware,) to be 90,000 copies. But we presume
that for London should be read England. This periodical
had an extensive circulation in America, also.
"Dickens as a novelist and prose poet is to be classed in the front
rank of the noble company to which he belongs. He has revived
the novel of genuine practical life, as it existed in the works of
Fielding, Smollett, and Goldsmith; but at the same time has given
to his materials an individual coloring and expression peculiarly
Ilis characters, like those of his great exemplars, consti
tufe a world of their own, whose truth to nature every reader in
Fielding delineates with more exquisite art, standing more as the
stinctively recognizes in connection with their truth to Dickens.
his own.
spectator of his personages, and commenting on their actions with
an ironical humour and a seeming innocence of insight, which
pierces not only into, but through, their very nature, laying bare
their most unconscious scenes of action, and in every instance in-
dicating that he understands them better than they understand
themselves. It is this perfection of knowledge and insight which
gives to his novels their naturalness, their freedom of movement,
and their value as lessons in human nature as well as consummate
representations of actual life. Dickens's eye for the forms of things
but he does not probe so profoundly into the heart of what he sees,
is as accurate as Fielding's, and his range of vision more extended;
and he is more led away from the simplicity of truth by a tricksy
spirit of fantastic exaggeration. Mentally he is indisputably be
low Fielding; but in tenderness, in pathos, in sweetness and purity
of feeling, in that comprehensiveness of sympathy which springa
from a sense of brotherhood with mankind, he is indisputably abors
im. E. P. WHIPPLE: N. Amer. Rev., Ixix. 392–393, Oct. 1849.
66
The mention of the Waverley Novels and their broad Scottish
dialect, leads unavoidably to the remark, that, unlike the author
of these matchless productions. Mr. Dickens makes his low charac-
New eds. of several of Mr. Dickens's works have been
republished in London by Messrs. Ward & Lock, Chapters almost always vulgar. It is not easy to define vulgarity, but
every one can feel it; and we know that Edie Ochiltree. Cuddie
Inan & Hall, and Bradbury; and several beautiful eds.
are issued in Philadelphia by Messrs. T. B. Peterson
& Bros. For critical notices of the merits and demerits
of this popular author we refer the reader to Edin. Rev.,
lxviii., lxxvi., lxxxi.; Lon. Quar. Rev., lix., xiv.,
lxxi., lxxiii.; Westm. Rev., xxvii., xxxix.; N. Brit. Rev.,
iv., vii., xv.; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., i., xvii.; Blackw.
Mag., lii., lx.; Fraser's Mag., xxi., xxv., xxvi., xlii.; Dubl.
Univ. Mag., xii.; N. Amer. Rev., lvi., (by A. P. Peabody,
D.D.,) lviii., (by C. C. Felton,) Ixix., (by E. P. Whipple ;)
South. Lit. Mess., ii., iii., v., ix.; New Englander, i., (by
J. P. Thompson;) Bost. Chris. Exam., xxvii., (by J. S.
xxvii., (by J. S.
Ileadrigg, Bailie Nicol Jarvie. and Domine Sampson are not vulgar,
in spite of their accent, language, and station; neither are Jeanie
Deans, or Meg Merrilies, or the Mucklel ackits; and while the au-
thor draws them with perfect truth, he often conveys through their
have felt how much otherwise it is with Mr. Dickens.
mouths lessous of the greatest moral elevation: Every reader must
"In the next place, the good characters of Mr. Dickens's novels
do not seem to have a wholesome moral tendency. The reason is,
that many of them-all the author's favourites-exhibit an excel-
the influence of moral or religious motive. They act from in pulse,
lence from constitution and and not from
not from principle. They present no struggle of contending pas
sions; they are instinctively incapable of evil; they are, therefore,
not constituted like other human beings; and do not feel the 101 10
500
DIC
DIC
of temptation as it assails our less perfect breasts. It is this that
makes them unreal,
↓
Faultless monsters, that the world ne'er saw.'
▸
Another error is the un-
This is the true meaning of the simple heart,' which Mr. Dickens
so perpetually eulogizes. Indeed, they often degenerate into sim-
pletons, sometimes into mere idiots.
due prominence given to good temper and kindness, which are
constantly inade substitutes for all other virtues, and an atone-
ment for the want of them; while a defect in these good qualities
is the signal for instant condemnation and the charge of hypocrisy.
It is unfortunate, also, that Mr. Dickens so frequently represents
persons with pretensions to virtue and piety as mere rogues and
hypocrites, and never depicts any whose station as clergymen, or
reputation for piety, is consistently adorned and verified.... We
cannot but sometimes contrast the tone of Mr. Dickens's purely
sentimental passages with that of Sir Walter Scott on similar occa-
sions, and the stilted pomp with which the former often parades a
flaunting rag of threadbare morality with the quiet and graceful
ease with which the latter points out and enforces a useful lesson.”
-North British Reriw, vol. iv.
*
Dickens, John. Tin Plates, Lon., 1736. 8vo.
Dickenson, John. Deorum Consessus, Lon., 1591,
Svo. Arisbas, 1594, 4to. Greene in Conceipt. &c., 1598, 4to.
Dickenson, John. Miscellanea ex Historiis Angli-
canis, Lugd. Batav., 1606, 4to.
Dickenson, John. Serm. on Ps. lxxxi.
Dickenson, John. Serm., 1779, Svo.
Dickenson, Thomas. Serms., 1712, '16, 8vo.
Dickie, J. See MITCHELL, J.
•
f
Dickins, John, Register of the Ct. of Chancery.
Reports in Chancery, by J. Wyatt, Lon., 1803, 2 vols. r. Svo.
"Mr. Dickins was a very attentive and diligent register, but bis
notes being rather loose, are not considered as good authority."-
LORD REDESDALE.
"From the author's official station great expectations were formed
by the profession from the proposed publication of them: sed par
turiunt montes, etc."-Bridgman's Legal Bibl.
Dickinson, Adam. N. Test. Græce, Lon., 1814.
Dickinson, Andrew. My First Visit to Europe, N.
York, 1851, 12mo. A 2d ed. has been pub.
"A very readable book-fresh, unaffected. genuine. His narra-
tion is at once faithful. varied, and interesting."
·
Dickinson, Francisco. 20 Rare Secrets, 1649, 4to.
Dickinson, Capt. H. Instructions for forming a
Regiment of Infantry for Parade or Exercise, 1798, Svo.
Dickinson, John, 1732-1808, member of the As-
sembly of Penna., 1764; delegate to a general congress in
New York, 1765; member of Congress from Penna.. 1774;
again in 1779; President of Delaware, 1780; President of
the Supreme Executive Council of Penna., 1782-85: snc-
ceeded by Benjamin Franklin. Speech, 1764. Reply to
a Speech of Joseph Galloway, 1765. Late Regulations
respecting the British Colonies on the Continent of Ame-
rica, 1765. Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer to the
Inhabitants of the British Colonies, [12 Letters,] 1767-68.
Reprinted, 1774. 9 Letters under the signature of Fabius;
intended to promote the adoption of the Constitution, 17SS;
14 ditto, to encourage a favourable feeling towards France,
1797. His Polit. Writings were pub. in 2 vols. Svo, in 1801.
Mr. Dickinson's style was distinguished by perspicuity,
vigour, and a flowing eloquence admirably suited to the
exciting topics which commanded his pen. He was au-
thor of many of those able papers issued by the early
American Congress which elicited the ardent eulogy of
Lord Chatham.
The celebrated Petition to the King, erroneously ascribed
by Chief Justice Marshall, in bis Life of Washington, to
Mr. Lee, was the production of John Dickinson.
"It won the highest admiration on both sides of the Atlantic,
and will remain an imperishable monument to the glory of its
author, and of the assembly of which he was a member, so long
as fervid and manly eloquence, and chaste and elegant composi-
tion shall be appreciated.”—THOMAS ALLIBONE BUDD: Life of John
Dickinson in the National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Ameri-
cans, Phila.. 1852, vol. ii.
(
The Second Petition to the King" was also written by
John Dickinson.
Dickinson, Jonathan, 1688-1747, first President
of the College of New Jersey, 1746-47, was for nearly
forty years the joy and glory" of the 1st Presbyterian
Church of Elizabethtown, New Jersey. He pub. many
Sen
serms. and theolog. treatises, 1732-46. A third ed. of his
Familiar Letters upon Important Subjects in Religion was
pub. at Edin. in 1757, 12mo, and a collection of a number of
his writings was issued in the same place in 1793, 8vo.
Pierson's Serm. on his death; preface to his serms., Edin
ed.; Chandler's Life of Johnson; Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict
Collectors of Taxes, Springfield, 1819, 8vo. Justices of
Dickinson, R. Sheriffs, Coroners, Constables, ano
the Peace, Boston, 8vo.
Dickinson, Robert. Serms., 1803-06, 8vo.
Dickinson, Robert. Serms., Lon., 1818, 8vo.
sion of the New Test. with Notes, Boston, 1833, r. Svo.
Dickinson, Rodolphus. New and corrected Ver-
Severely handled in the Amer. Month. Rev., March, 1833.
Dickinson, Samuel. Serm., 1784, 8vo.
Dickinson, Wm, Serin., Lon., 1619, 4to.
Dickinson, Wm. Ode in Artem Anatomicam orua-
tissimo doctissimoque viro Ricardo Mead, M.D., fol.
and the adjacent Counties, Newark, 1801-03, 4to, vol. i.
Dickinson, Wm. Antiquities in Nottinghamshire
This is an unfinished work, containing the Hist. of South-
well. The Hist. and Antiq. of the Town of Newark, New-
ark, 1806, 4to. See RASTALL, W. DICKINSON.
Dickinson, Wm. Justice of the Peace, 2d ed., Lon.,
1822, 3 vols. 8vo. Justice Law of the last 5 years, 1813-
17, 1818, 8vo.
··
A very good and convenient Appendix, executed with suffi
cient care and skill to answer all the purposes for which it was
undertaken."-Lom. Monthly Rev.
•
writer of the time "-Donaldson's Agricult. Bing.
Dickson has ever been very justly reckoned to be a first-rate
Dickson, Alex. De Vmbra Rationis et Indicij, Lon.,
Dickinson, Edmund, 1624–1707, Physician to Chas.
II. and James II., is best-known as the publisher of Delphi
Phoenizicantes, &c., Oxon., 1655, Svo, a learned dissertation,
written to prove that the Greeks borrowed the story of the
Delphic Oracles from the Holy Scriptures. But this trea-1583, 16mo. Libellus de memoria verissima, &c., 1584,12mo.
tise was really written by Henry Jacob, and appropriated
by the dishonest medicus. See Athen. Oxon. in Orme's
Bibl. Bib. Dickinson wrote a work entitled Physica Vetus
et Vera, Lon., 1702, 4to. Parabola Philosophica, and a
treatise on the Grecian Games, in Latin, pub. with an Ac-
count of his Life and Writings, by W. M. Blonbery, 1709,
8vo; 1739.
Dickson, Caleb, M.D. Fever, Lon., 1585, Svo.
Dickson, David, 1583-1663, a native of Glasgow;
minister of Irvine, 1618; Profes. of Divinity in the Univ.
of Glasgow, 1643, and afterwards in that of Edinburgh.
Explanation of the Epistle to the Hebrews, Aber., 1635,
fol. and 12mo.
Not so satisfactory as his work on the Psalms."-Orme's Bibl.
Bib.
Practical Guide to the Quarter Sessions, and other Ses-
sions of the Peace; 5th ed. by Mr. Sergeant Talfourd; 6th
ed. with addits. by R. P. Tyrwhitt, 1845, 8vo.
Dicks, John. Gardener's Directory, 1769, fol.
Dickson, Rev. Adam. Treatise on Agriculture,
Edin., 1762, 8vo; 2d ed., 1765; vol. ii., 1769, Svo; new
ed., 1785, 2 vols. 8vo. The Husbandry of the Ancients,
Edin. and Lon., 1788, 2 vols. 8vo.
"This, though the best work on the subject in the English lan-
guage. is inferior to that of Butel Dumont."-McCulloch's Lit. of
Polit. Economy.
Expositio analytica omnium Epistolarum, Glasg.. 1645,
4to. Exposition of the Gospel according to St. Matthew,
Lon., 1651, 12mo.
Short, but sensible and evangelical."-Bickersteth's Christian,
Student.
A Brief Explication of the Psalms, 1653-55, 3 vols.
Svo, Glasg. and Lon., 1834, 3 vols. 12mo; with a Memoir
of the author, by the Rev. Robert Wodrow.
tury. Horne's Bibl. Bib.
"Very popular during the latter part of the seventeenth cen-
"The exposition, though brief, is not so short as to be unsatis
factory."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Of use for the justness and fertility of its observations.”—
Williams's Christian Preacher.
M
Therapeutica Sacra, Edin., 1695, Svo.
Student.
"An experimental and profitable work.”—Bickersteth's Christian
Exposition of all the Epistles, 1659, fol.
Dickson was engaged in some other works. Edward
Leigh-see a Treatise of Religion and Learning, Lon.,
1656, fol.—commends Dickson highly, and Poole repre-
sents his expositions as
Brief, but perspicuous, ingenious, and judicious.”
See Wodrow's Memoirs of Dickson: Law's Memorialls.
Dickson, David, M.D. Medical Essay, 1712, Svo.
Dickson, David. Serms., Edin., 1818, Svo.
Dickson, D. M. Ann. of Med., 1799.
Dickson, J. Revelations of Cholera, Lon., 1848, 12mo.
1850, p. Svo.
Dickson, J. Breeding of Live Stock, Edin. and Lon.,
Dickson, James. Prac. Discourses, Edin., 1731, Svo.
Dickson, James, d. 1822. Fasciculus Plantarum
Cryptogamicarum Britanniæ, Lon., 1783–1801, 4to. Dried
Plants, 1787-99, sm. fol. Botanical Catalogue, 1797, Svo.
Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1791, '94, '97, and to Trans.
Hortic. Soc., 1815, '17, '18.
Dickson, James Hill.
mode of the Cultivation and
1846, Svo
Letters on the improved
Management of Flax, Lon.,
501
DIC
DIG
"The intelligence is very sound, and correctly estimated."-
Donaldson's Agricull. Biog.
Dickson, R. W., M.D. Practical Agriculture; plant-
ing, live stock, &c., Lon., 1804, 2 vols. 4to.
6.
Much reputed for sound and correct information."-Donald-
son's Agricult. Biog.
The Farmer's Companion, 1811, Svo. Improved Sys-
tem of Cattle Management, 1822, 2 vols. 4to. He edited
He edited
a monthly Agricultural Journal, 1807, '08.
Dickson, Rev. Richard. New Interpretation of
Psalm lxviii., Oxf., 1812, 4to.
L
These very learned and acute discussions well deserve the at-
tention of all who are versed in Hebrew learning and biblical criti-
cism."-British Critic.
Dickson, Richard. Law of Wills, Lon., 1830, 12mo.
Dickson, Samuel, M.D. Unity of Discase analyti-
cally proved, Lon., 1838, 8vo. Fallacy of the Art of Physic,
1838, Svo. Fallacies of the Faculty; being the Spirit of
the Chronic Treatment System, 2d ed., 1841, Svo; 5th ed.,
1846, r. Svo; 6th ed., 1853, Svo.
Dickson, Thomas. De Sanguinis Missione, Lugd.
Bat., 1746, Svo.
Dickson, Thomas, M.D., Physician to the London
Hospital. Blood-letting, Lon., 1765, 4to. Con. to Med.
Obs. and Inq., 1762, '70.
Dickson, Walter R. Domestic Poultry, Lon., 1833,
'46, 12mo; new ed. with addits. by Mrs. Loudon, illus. by
Harvey, 1853, p. Svo.
This is an excellent treatise on poultry, and deserves much
notice.”—Donaldson's Agricull. Biog.
Digby, Everard, d. 1592. Theoria Analytica, &c.,
Lon., 1579, 4to. De Duplici Methodo libri duo, 1580, 8vo.
"A work of considerable merit. The main object of it is to point
out the advantages of method in the exposition of those principles
and rules which lead the mind to sound reasoning."-Blakey's Hist.
Phila-Sketch of Ligic.
De Arte Natandi, 1587. A dissuasive rel. to the goods,
&c. of the Church, 4to. A Short Introduction for to learn
to Swimme, trans. by Chr. Middleton.
Digby, Sir Everard, 1581-1606, distinguished as
"the handsomest man of his time," son of the preceding,
executed as an accomplice in the Gunpowder Plot. Some
of his papers were pub. with other pieces relating to tho
plot. 1678.
Dickson, Samuel Henry, Professor of the Prac-
tice of Medicine in the Jefferson Medical College,
delphia: for many years Prof. of the Institutes and Practice
of Medicine in the Med. Coll. of the State of South Carolina.
1. Dengue: its History, Pathology, and Treatment, Phila.,
1826, 8vo. 2. Essays on Pathology and Therapeutics;
being the Substance of the Course of Lectures delivered in
the Med. Coll. of S. Carolina, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. Essays
on Slavery, 1845, and sundry Orations and Addresses. 4.
Essays on Life, Sleep, Pain, &c., Phila., 1852, 12mo. 5.
Elements of Medicine, 1855, Svo, pp. 750. Dr. Dickson
has contrib. to many medical and miscell. periodicals. It
will be observed by the annexed notice that this distin-
guished physician and author was for some time connected
with the Medical Department of the New York University:
"Dr. Dickson, recently of the Medical Department of the New
York University, and whose ill-health induced the resignation of
the chair he held there, has returned to Charleston; and we ob-
serve that his professional and other friends in that city greeted
him with a public dinner on the 9th ult. Dr. Dickson, we beligion, 1651, 12mo. See other publications of his in Park's
lieve, is one of the most classically elegant writers upon medi- Walpole's R. and N. Authors. See also Athen. Oxon.;
cal science in the United States. Ile ranks with Chapman and Biog. Brit.; Bp. Warburton's Introduc. to Julian.
Oliver Wendell Holmes in the grace of his periods as well as in the "A singular person, whose life was contradiction.”
thoroughness of his learning and the exactness and acuteness WALPOLE.
of his logic. Like Holmes, too, he is a poet, and, generally, a very
accomplished litterateur. We regret the loss that New York sus
tains in his removal, but congratulate Charleston upon one of the
best-known and most loved attractions of her society."—Interna
tional Magazine, vol. i.
Digby, Francis. A trans. from Xenophon.
Digby, George, Earl of Bristol, 1612-1676, born in
Madrid during his father's (John, Earl of Bristol) first
embassy to Spain. Speeches, 1640, '41. Watt notes u
speech by the Earl of Bristol, pub. 1674 and 1679. Elvira,
a Comedy. 'Tis better than it was. Apology, 1642, 4to.
Letter to the Queen, 1642, 4to. Letters between Lord
George Digby and Sir Kenelm Digby, Kt., concerning Re-
Dickson, Stephen. Chemical Essay, &c., 1787,'90,'96.
Dickson, Thomas. The Sovereignty of the Divine
Administration Vindicated, with a Pref. by J. Seddon,
1766, Svo.
It is the most comprehensive work on the subject, and in-
valuable to all who raise poultry either for profit or pastime.
Dickson, Wm. Negro Slavery, Lon., 1789, Svo. Mi-
tigation of Slavery, 1814, 2 vols. Svo; in conjunction with
Hon. J. Steele. Other works. Trans of serms. by Mas-
sillon, 1798, 3 vols. 8vo. Every one should read the serms.
of the eloquent Bishop of Claremont.
He is doubtless of the first rank as a writer. No one has car-
ried the excellence of style to a higher degree of perfection. He
attended to this branch of eloquence to the latest period of his
life.... He retained in his old age all the purity of his taste.
although he had lost the vivacity of his imagination."-ABBE
MAURY: Principles of Eloquence.
·
Bossuet is sublime, but unequal; Flechier is more equal, but
less sublime, and often too flowery; Bourdaloue is solid and judi-
cious, but he neglects the lighter ornaments; Massillon is richer
in imagery, but less cogent in reasoning. I would not, therefore,
have an orator content himself with the imitation of one of these
models, but rather that he strive to combine in himself the differ-
ent qualities of each."-M. CREVIER: Rhetorique Française.
The heart was the object at which he aimed, and his eloquence
gave him its complete control.-be convinced, he touched,-he
softened.—he led is hearer captive—his eloquence was irresist-
ible!”—CoBEIN.
··
"
We everywhere find the overflowing of a soul deeply pene-
trated. great knowledge of the human heart, just and delicate
thoughts, brilliant ideas, elegant expressions, and a style at once
lively, concise, and harmonious.”—L'Avocat.
..
two MSS. in the Royal (the Imperial) Library at Paris
In 1814 a new ed. was pub. by A. Letronne, Paris, Svo;
who consulted two MSS. in Italy. There is another MS.
of this tract in the Imperial Library at Vienna.
"Dicuil's language is rude and perfectly destitute of ornament;
but he exhibits an extensive acquaintance with books, and quotes
Virgil, Lucan, and other Latin writers."-Wright's Biog. Brit.
Lil., q. v.
Dicuil, an Irish monk, b. 755-760? wrote a tract De
Mensura Orbis Terræ, and a treatise on Grammar; the lat-
ter appears to be lost. The tract De Mensura, &c. was
The tract De Mensura, &c. was
first pub. in 1807 by C. A. Walckenaer, Paris, 8vo, from
Dieffenbach, Dr. Ernest, late Naturalist to the New
Zealand Company. New Zealand and-its Native Popula-
tion, Lon., 1841, Svo. Travels in New Zealand, 1843, 2
vols. 8vo. A valuable work, containing an extensive Fauna
of New Zealand, and a Grammar and Dictionary of the
Language.
Diemar, E. M. The History and Amours of Rhodope,
Lon., 1780, 4to.
"—HORACE
Digby, John, Earl of Bristol, 1580-1653, father of the
preceding. Verses on the Death of Sir Henry Unton.
Other Poems. See Lawes's Ayres and Dialogues, Lon.,
1653, fol. Trans. of P. du Moulin's Defence of the Catholic
Faith, 1610. Political Tracts and Speeches.
--
The Earl of Bristol was a man of grave aspect, of a presence
that drew respect, and of long experience in affairs of great im-
portance. He was a very handsome man.”—LORD Clarendon:
Hist. of the Rebellion. See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors.
Digby, Sir John. Letter to Col. Kerr, Gov. of Ply-
mouth, persuading him to betray his trust, 1645.
Digby, Lord John. Speeches, 1642, '60, 4to.
Digby, Sir Kenelm, 1603-1648, son of Sir Everard
Digby, was equally distinguished for his supposed skill in
occult philosophy, and for having married the famous beau-
ty, Venetia Anastasia, daughter of Sir Edward Stanley,
"A lady of an extraordinary beauty, and of as extraordinary a
fame."-LORD CLARENDON.
Ben Jonson, who wrote ten pieces in her praise, thus
laments her loss:
Twere time that I dy'd too, now she is dead,
Who was my Muse, and life of all I said;
The spirit that I wrote with, and conceiv'd:
All that was good or great with me, she wear’d.”
Aubrey gives a minute account of her appearance.
Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., iii. 694-5.
•
See
Sir Kenelm was the author of a number of works: A
Conference with a Lady about the Choice of Religion, Paris,
1638, Svo; Lon., 1654. His and Mr. Montague's Letters
concerning the Contribution, 1642, 4to. SIR THOMAS
BROWNE'S (q. v.) Religio Medici, with observations, 1643,
12mo; 1682, 8vo. Obser. on the 22d Stanza in the 9th Canto
of the 2d Book of Spenser's Fairy Queen, 1644, Svo, "Con-
taining," says his biographer, "a very deep philosophical
commentary upon these mysterious verses." Discourse
concerning the Cure of Wounds by the sympathetic Pow-
der, 1644, fol., with instructions how to make the said
powder. In French, Paris, 1658, 12mo; 1660, Svo; Francf.,
1660, 8vo; Amst., 1661, 12mo. The Body and Soul of
Man, Paris, 1644, fol. Of Bodies and of Man's Soul, &c.,
Lon., 1669, 4to. Institutionum Peripateticarum, Paris,
1651. Letters between him and Lord George Digby con-
cerning Religion, 1651, Svo. Infallibility of Religion,
Paris, 1652, 12mo. Adhering to God, Lon., 1654. Cor
troversial Letters, 1654. Peripatetical Institutiones, trans.
by T. White, 1656, Svo. De Plantarum Vegetatione, 1661,
12mo; Latin, Amst., 1669, 12mo.
12mo; Latin, Amst., 1669, 12mo. Receipts of Surgery
and Physick, also of Cordial and Distilled Waters and
502
DIG
DIL
Spirits, 1665, '68, 75, 8vo; in Latin, by George Hartman,
1668, 8vo. Trans. into many languages.
His Closet
Opened, 1669, '77, 8vo. Chymical Secrets, pub. by G. Hart-
man. 1683, Svo. Excellent Directions for Cookery, 1669.
Remedies Souuerains, &c., Paris, 1684, 12mo. Secrets pour
la Beauté des Dames, &c., Haye, 1700, 8vo. See Biog.
Brit.; Life of Lord Clarendon; Bliss's Wood's Athen.
Oxon.; Bibl. Digbeiana, 1680, 8vo; Life of Sir Kenelm
Digby, pub. from his own MS. by Sir N. Harris Nicolas,
1827, 8vo.
"A Gentleman absolute in all Numbers."-BEN JONSON.
"He possessed all the advantages which nature and art, and an
excellent education could give him."-LORD CLARENDON.
Digby, Kenelm Henry. Broadstone of Honour,
(on the Origin, Spirit, and Institutions of Christian Chi-
valry.) 1st Book called Godefridus; 2d Book, Tancredus;
3 Book, Morus; 4th Book, Orlandus, Lon., 1826, '27, fp.
8vo. New ed., 1845-48, 3 vols. 12mo.
"He identifies himself, as few have ever done, with the good and
great and beroic and holy in former times, and ever rejoices in pass
Ing out of himself into them."-ARCHDEACON HARE: Guesses al Truth.
ARCHDEACON HARE: Guesses al Truth.
"We have never read a volume more full than this [Morus] of
loving gentleness and earnest admiration for all things beautiful
and excellent."-STERLING.
Mores Catholici; or Ages of Faith, Anon., 1844-47, 3
vols. r. 8vo.
"That delightful writer. who has collected, like a truly pious
pilgrim, the fragrance of ancient times; whose works I should cer-
tainly recommend to the English Aristocracy, and Irish, too."-
ARCHBISHOP of Tuam.
Digby, Wm., Dean of Clonfert. 21 Lectures on Di-
vinity, Dubl., 1787, Svo.
Four
Digges, Sir Dudley, 1583-1639, eldest son of Thomas
Digges, educated at University College, Oxford.
Paradoxes, or Politique Discourses, &c. by Thos. and Dud.
Digges, 1604, 4to. Defence of the F. India Trade, 1615, 4to.
It contains some curious particulars, but wants the ingenuity
and originality which distinguishes Mun's tract."-McCulloch's
Lit. of Polit. Econ.
Right and Privileges of the Subject, 1642, 4to. The
Compleat Ambassador, 1655, '65, fol.
"A pleasing variety of letters."-BP. NICOLSON.
Digges, Dudley, 1612?-1643, third son of the preced-
ing. An Answer to Observations upon some of his Majes-
ty's late Answers and Expresses, Oxon., 1642; anon.
The
Unlawfulness of Subjects taking up Arms against their
sovereign on what case soever, 1643, '47, 4to; 1662, Svo.
Review of the Observations upon some of his Majesty's
late Answers and Expresses, Oxon., 1643, '44; anon.
|
Digges, Edward. Silkworms, Phil. Trans., 1665.
Digges, Leonard, d. about 1573, an eminent mathe-
matician, father of Thomas Digges, a native of Barham,
Kent, was educated at University College, Oxford. Tec-
tonicon; measuring of Land, &c., Lon., 1556, 4to. A Prog-
nostication to judge of the weather, &c., 1555, '40, '56, 64,
'67; augmented by T. Digges, 1576, '78, '92, 1634, 4to. An
Arithmet. Military Treatise named Stratioticos; augmented
by T. Digges, 1579, '90, 4to.
"There is here a brief and good treatise on Arithmetic, and some
Algebra of the school of Recorde and Scheubel; but the greater
part of the work is on military matters.”—Professor De Morgan's
Arithmetical Books, Lon., 1847, Svo.
"A most excellent mathematician, a skilful architect, and a most
expert surveyor of land."-Athen. Óxon.
Digges, Leonard, 15SS-1635, grandson of the pre-
ceding, was educated at University College, Oxford. Ge-
rardo; from the Spanish of Gonçalo de Cespades, Lon.,
1622, 4to. The Rape of Proserpine; from the Latin of
Claudian, 1628, 4to. His commendatory verses to Shaks-
peare were prefixed to the works of the latter. See 1st
folio, 1623; and Poems, 1640, Svo.
"A great master of the English language, a perfect understander
of the French and Spanish, a good poet, and no mean orator.”-
Athen. Oxon.
so tormented him with lawe-brables that he hath bene enforced
to discontinue those his delectable studies." See Bliss's Wood's
Athen. Oxon.; Stow's Survey of London. i. 71, 72. edit., Lon., 1720;
Biog. Brit.; Brit. Bibliographer, where are some curious extracts
from his works.
The mathematical genius of the various members of this
family is remarkable. It is supposed that a spy-glass wae
in their possession, the invention of which and the instru-
ment itself were kept secret.
"One of the most important names connected with the advance-
ment of English mathematical science in the 16th century is that
of Digges."-PROP. DE MORGAN.
Dighton, T. Kneeling at the Sacrament, 1618.
Dignan, Browne, M.D. Essay on the Political
Principles of Public Economy, 1776, 12mo.
Dikes, T. 1. Serm. 2. F. Penitentiary, 1811.
Diligent, J. Log of the Cumberland, 8vo.
Dilke, Charles Wentworth, b. 1789, the proprietor
and for many years editor of the London Athenæum, was
formerly a contributor to the Westminster and Retrospec-
tive Reviews and other periodicals. In 1814 he edited a
valuable collection of Old English Plays, in 6 vols. A
notice of Mr. Dilke will be found in Men of the Time,
Lon., 1853, also in Knight's Eng. Cyc.
Dilke, Thomas. The Lover's Luck; a comedy, Lon.,
1696, 4to. The City Lady, or Folly Reclaimed; a comedy,
1697. 4to.
Dill, E. M., D.D. Ireland's Miseries; the Grand
Cause and Cure, Edin., 1852, 12mo.
"This is a book that will attract much attention."
Dillaway, Charles K., late principal in Boston Latin
School, Mass., has pub. many useful educational works.
Dillenius, John James, M,D., 1687-1747, an emi-
nent botanist, a native of Darmstadt, settled in England,
and became Prof. of Botany in the University of Oxford.
Catalogus Plantarum, &c., Francf., 1718, '19, Svo. An
improved ed. of Ray's Synopsis Stirpium Britannicarum,
1724. Hortus Elthamensis, &c., Lon. and Oxf., 1732,
2 vols. fol.
"Est opus botanicum, quo absolutius mundum non vidit.”-
LINNEUS.
Historia Muscorum; a general History of Land and
Water, &c. Mosses and Corals, Oxon., 1741, 2 vols. 4to.
Dillenius came to England by the invitation of Dr. Wm.
Sherard, who left £3000 to establish a botany professor-
ship at Oxford, provided Dillenius should first fill the
chair. See Biog. Brit.; Pulteney's Sketches of Botany in
Eng. Stoever's Life of Linnæus; Rees's Cyc.; Nichols's
Lit. Anecdotes.
Dillingham, Fras. Theolog. treatises, 1599-1617.
Dillingham, Wm., D.D. Theolog. and poet. works,
1661-1700.
Dillingham, Wm. H., 1790-1854, a native of Lee,
Berkshire co., Mass., for many years a resident of Phila-
delphia. Tribute to Peter Collinson. Address and Ora-
tions before various societies, and many contributions to
the periodicals of the day.
Dillon, Lord. Rosaline de Vere; a Romance, Lon.,
2 vols. p. Svo. The Life and Opinions of Sir Richard Mal-
travers, an English Gentleman of the 17th Century, 2 vols.
P. Svo.
The original tone of thinking of these volumes cannot but
cause them to be much read.”—New Month. Mag., 1822.
Eccelino da Romano; a Poem, Svo.
Digges, Thomas, d. 1595, son of the first-named
Leonard, and father of Leonard the younger and of Sir
Dudley, is known chiefly as the editor of his father's works,
but pub. several works of his own. A Geometrical Trea-
tise named Pantometria, by Leonard and Thos. Digges,
Lon., 1571, 4to; 1591, fol. Alæ, sive Scale Mathematicæ,
1573, 4to. Stratioticos. See DIGGES,
See DIGGES, LEONARD. Eng-
land's Defence, 1680, fol. Celestial Orbs, 1592, 4to. Hum-
ble Motives, 1601, Svo. See Archæol., vol. vi. Nova Cor-
pora Regularia, 1634, 4to. Digges commenced a number
of works which were never finished, in consequence of his
becoming entangled in lawsuits. The vexations to which
he was thus subjected were too much for the philosopher's
equanimity; for after giving us a catalogue of six works
which he had designed publishing, be thus breaks forth:
"All these. and ther, long sithens, the author had finished and
published, bad not the infernall furies, enuing such his fælicitie
and happie societie with his mathematical muses, for many yeares.
There is a richness of diction and originality of idea such as
would have claimed for the author a high reputation even in the
best days of our national poetry."-Lon. New Month. Mag., Sept.
1828.
Dillon, Hon. Arthur. A Winter in Iceland and
Lapland, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
These volumes, full of information, historical and descriptive,
are the result of a journey not less creditable to Mr. Dillon's lite
rary character than his courage. The history is a sort of sea ro
mance."-Lon. Allas.
Dillon, Hon. Henry Augustus, Viscount, Col.,
and M.P. Letter relative to the Roman Catholics of Ire-
land, Lon., 1805, Svo. A Commentary on the Military
1811, 12, 2 vols. Svo.
Establishments and Defence of the British Empire, Lon.,
Dillon, Sir J. Case of the Children of the Duke of
Sussex elucidated; a Juridical Exercitation, Lon., 1832,
4to; of Sir A. d'Este, 1832, 8vo.
Dillon, John Joseph. Legal and Political treatises,
Lon.. 1800-13.
4to.
Dillon, John T. Travels through Spain, Lon.. 1780,
Geography. Letters from Spain, 1781, Svo. Art of Paint-
This work treats of Natural History and Physical
ing, 1782, Svo. Survey of the S. Roman Empire, 1782, Svo.
Hist. works, 1788, '90. Oxen for Tillage in competition
with Horses, from the French of De Monray, with Notes,
1796, 8vo.
503
DIL
DIS
"He labours hard, as all others on the same subject, to establish
▲ fallacy, and a contradiction to the ordinations of nature.”-Do
nalm's Agricult. Bing.
Dillon, R. C. Lectures on the 39 Articles, Lon.,
12mo. Occasional Serms. Svo, 20 Serms. Svo.
"Good specimens of the style of preaching suited to a polished
audience."-Lon. Evangel. Mug.
Dillon, Theobald. Military Plans, 1796.
Companion, 1786, 12mo.
Dingley, Wm. Serm. Oxon., 1713, 8vo.
Dinmore, Richard. English Jacobins, 1796, Svo.
Dillon, Wentworth, Earl of Roscommon, h. in Ire- Dinnies, Mrs. Anna Peyre, a daughter of Judge
land about 1633, d. 1684, was a son of James, third Earl Shackleford of South Carolina, was married in 1830 to
of Roscommon, by Elizabeth Wentworth, sister of the great Mr. John C. Dinnies, then of St. Louis, now of New Or--
Earl of Strafford. He studied for some time at the Pro-leans. Mrs. Dinnies has contributed largely to the pe-
testant University of Caen, in Normandy, under Bochart, riodicals of the day under the signature of "Moina." Iu
subsequently resided at Rome, returned to Ireland, and 1846 she pub. in a vol., entitled The Floral Year, "one
finally settled in London, where he was made master of hundred compositions arranged in twelve groups to illus-
the horse to the Duchess of York, and married the widow trate that number of bouquets gathered in the different
of Colonel Courtney, a daughter to the Earl of Burlington. months."
He died in 1684 of an attack of the gout, repeating with
great energy at the moment of his departure two lines of
his own version of Dies Iræ:
"My God, my Father, and my Friend,
Do not forsake me in my end!"
Essay on Translated Verse, 1684, 4to. Works, 1700,
Svo; with those of Rochester, 1709, 8vo. New ed. of his
Works, with an Essay on Poetry by the Earl of Mulgrave
and Duke of Buckingham, together with Poems by Mr.
Richard Duke, 1717, Svo. And his poems will be found
in Johnson's and Chalmers's Collection of the Poets. They
are few in number, but have considerable merit. His Es-
say on Translated Verse and his trans. of Horace's Art of
Poetry have been highly commended. But no praise can
be higher than that which Pope allows him-of being the
only moral writer of King Charles's reign:
·
"Unhappy Dryden! in all Charles's days,
Roscommon only boasts unspotted lays."
"It was my Lord Roscommon's Essay on Translated Verse which
made me uneasy till I tried whether or no I was capable of follow-
ing his rules, and of reducing the speculation into practice."-
DRYDEN: Pref. to his Miscellanies.
"In the writings of this nobleman we view the image of a mind
naturally serious and solid; richly furnished and adorned with all
the ornaments of art and science; and those ornaments unaffect
edly disposed in the most regular and elegant order."-FENTON.
C
Of Roscommon's works the judgment of the public seems to
be right. He is elegant, but not great; he never labours after
exquisite beauties, but he seldom falls into gross faults. His ver-
sification is smooth, but rarely righteous, and his rhymes are re
markably exact. He improved taste, if he did not enlarge know-
ledge, and may be mentioned among the benefactors to English
literature. He is perhaps the only correct writer in verse be-
fore Addison."-Dr. Johnson's Life of Roscommon.
▸
"Roscommon not more learned than good,
With manners generous as his noble blood;
To him the wit of Greece and Rome was known,
And every author's merits but his own."-POPE
"Roscommon fills with elegant remark
His verse as elegant; unspotted lines
Flow from a mind unspotted as themselves."-
Hurdis's Village Curate.
Dillwyn, Lewis W. Synopsis of the Brit. Confervæ,
Lon., 1802-09, 4to. Botanist's Guide through England
and Wales; by D. Turner and L. W. D. Cat. of Plants
near Dover; Trans. Linn. Soc., 1802. Cat. of recent shells,
1817, 2 vols. Svo. See LISTER, MARTIN, M.D.
·
Dilworth, Thomas, d. 1780. Book-Keeper's Assist.,
8vo; Schoolmaster's do., 12mo. Arithmetic, 12mo; Com-
pendium of do, 1752, 12mo. Guide to English Tongue,
1761, 12mo. These were long popular.
Dimock, Henry. Serm., Oxf., 1783, 4to. Notes on
the Psalms and Proverbs, Glouces., 1791, 4to; do. on Ge-
nesis, Exodus, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel, and the
Minor Prophets, 1804, 4to.
1
Dine, Wm. Poems on several occasions, 1771, 8vo.
Dinely, Sir John. Methods to get Husbands. Mea-
sure in Words and Syllables, 1793, Svo.
Dingley, Robert, 1619-1659, a Puritan divine, Rec-
tor of Brixton. Spiritual Taste described, Lon., 1649, 8vo.
Deputation of Angels, 1654, 8vo. Divine Optics, 1655,
8vo. Thunder, 1658, 12mo.
Dingley, Robert. Gems and Precious Stones par-
ticularly such as the Ancients used to engrave on; Phil
Trans., 1747.
Justice of the Peace, Lon., 1785, Svo.
Dingley, Somerville. App. to 14th ed. of Burns's
Parish Officer's
"Iler pieces celebrating the domestic affections are marked by
unusual grace and tenderness, and some of them are worthy of
the most elegant poets."-DR. R. W. GRISWOLD: Female Poets of
America. q. v. for specimens of her compositions.
The holy fire of poesy burns pure and bright in her own heart,
and she cherishes it to illuminate and bless her own hearth."-
Mrs. Hal's Woman's Record.
Dinsdale, Joshua. Serin., 1740, Svo.
Dinsmore, Robert, b. 1757, in Windham, N.H. In-
cidental Poems, accompanied with Letters and a few Select
Pieces, mostly Original, &c. ; with a Sketch of the Author's
Life, Haverhill, Mass., 1828.
Dinwooddie, Robertus. De Morbis Spontaneis ex
Acido Humore oriundus, Lugd. Bat., 1730, 4to.
paign in India, Lon., 1793, 4to.
Dirom, Alex., Major, &c. A Narrative of the Cam-
"A very amusing and entertaining detail of the operations
which closed the late Indian war in 1792.”
Corn Laws; with a Supp. by W. Mackic, 1796, 4to.
Plans for the Defence of G. Britain and Ireland, 1797, Svo.
Dirrill, Charles. Shakspeare's Tempest, 1797.
Disbrowe, J. Lett. to the Speaker of Parl., 1659, 4to.
Disney, Alex. Christian Holiness, 1800.
Disney, David. God's People, Edin., 1764.
Disney, John, 1677-1730, an excellent magistrate,
who turned divine in 1719; Vicar of St. Mary, Notting-
ham, 1722. Penal Laws, Lon., 1700, Svo. Primitæ Sa-
cra, 1701, Svo. View of Ancient Laws against Immo-
rality and Prophaneness, Camb., 1729, fol.: this is a new
ed. of two Essays pub. 1708, '10, Svo. Genealogy of the
House of Brunswick-Lunenburg, 1714. Flora, and the
Trans. of Mr. Gardiner, 3d ed., 1728, Svo. Serms., &c.,
1711-27.
Disney, John, D.D., 1746-1816, Chaplain to Bishop
Law, and Vicar of Swinderley, subsequently joined the
Unitarians. He pub. many serms., theolog. treatises, &c.,
1781-1812. Memoirs of Dr. Sykes, 1785, 8vo; of Dr. Jor-
tin, 1792, Svo; of T. H. Hollis, 1780, 2 vols., 4to; new
ed., 1808, 4to. Serms., 1793–1816, 4 vols. 8vo.
The style is generally clear, perspicuous, and well suited to
common capacities.”—British Critic.
Disney, John. Laws of Gaming, Horse Racing, &c.,
Lon., 1806, '09, 8vo. Abridgt. of Election Law, 1812, 8vo.
Acts of Parliament rel. to Co. and Bor. Elections, 1820,
Svo. 5 Letters to Sir S. Romilly, resp. the Penal Laws,
1810, 8vo. Dodson's Life of Sir M. Foster, 1812, Svo.
Disney, John. Museum Disneianum; 3 parts, r. 4to,
Lon., 1848-49. 127 Illustrations, engraved by George Mea-
som, £4 148. 6d. This fine collection is now in the Fitz-
william Museum, Cambridge, England; it has been long
known and prized by the Archaeologist, and won the en-
comiums of Flaxman, Westmacott, Sir H. Ellis, &c.
"Almost entirely critical.... The work, on the whole, does
"They are illustrated in a manner which every one must allow
credit to the learning of the author, and affords some aid in inter-gives ample evidence of the learning and elegance of mind of their
preting the Bible."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
accomplished author."-Lon. Classical Museum, April, 1849.
Dimond, Wm., the Younger, wrote a number of poems
and dramatic pieces, 1800-13. See Biog. Dramat.
"The antiquarian and the lover of the curiosities of by-gone
ages will find in this book much to amuse and instruct him."
Lon. Art Journal, Sept. 1848.
Dimsdale, Thomas, Baron, M.D., 1718-1800, a cele-
brated inoculator for the small-pox, pub. several treatises
upon the subject, 1767-81, some of which formed part of
a controversy between the author and M. Lettsom. See
BLAKE, JOHN. Dr. Dimsdale was created Baron of the
Empire by the Empress of Russia for his success in ino-
culating her Majesty and the Grand Duke. See Gent.
Mag., Ixxi.. lxxxviii., 209, 669.
Disney, Samuel. Discourses, Lon., 1788, 8vo.
Disney, W., D.D. Serm., &c., 1790, 1800.
Disraeli, Rt. Hon. Benjamin, b. in London, 1805,
is a son of Isaac Disraeli, author of the Curiosities of Lite-
rature, &c., (v. post.) When 18 years of age he visited
Germany, and on his return pub. Vivian Grey, 1826, 2 vols.;
1827, continued, 3 vols.
•
"The history of an ambitious young man of rank, who, by dint
of certain circles in high life, some of the recent occurrences and
of talent, personal advantages, and audacity, becomes the dictator
actors in which he has taken the liberty to describe with great
freedom. Decidedly the cleverest production of the class to which
it belongs."-London Magazinè.
“We hail the author as a master in his art: and we may venture
to appeal to the work he has produced, as at once a prognostic and
accomplishment of original invention,-that rare faculty in the
genius of this age.”
504
DIS
DIS
Those volumes abound with passages not surpassed for their
bauty in our literature. Delicacy and sweetness are mingled with
impressive eloquence and energetic truth. The magic of the style
simply consists in the emotions of the writer. He is a thinker who
makes others think; and these volumes will be reperused at inter-
vals with the delight of novelty."
"We must allow that the author has copied with considerable
fidelity the tone of drawing-room life, and transmitted to us with
great truth, by means of a few felicitous strokes, a number of por-
traits, which will easily be recognised as resemblances of living
originals."-Lon. Monthly Review, July, 1826.
In 1826 Mr. Disraeli visited Italy and Greece. In 1831
he was a candidate-on the Radical side-for the borough
of Wycombe, and he lost the election in two contests. He
was a candidate in 1835 as a Conservative for the borough
of Taunton, and fared no better than before; but in 1837
he was returned to Parliament as a Tory for the borough of
-Maidstone. In 1841 he was returned for Shrewsbury; in
1843 he supported Peel, but in the three following sessions
wos his bitter opponent and an advocate of Protection.
Upon the formation of Lord Derby's ministry in 1852,
Disraeli became Chancellor of the Exchequer, and held
that position for nine months. Since his retirement he
has distinguished himself by parliamentary opposition to
Whigs and Peelites.
•
Familiar with those scenes of life in which readers are
the most interested, possessing a highly imaginative cast
of mind and descriptive powers of no common order, it is
no marvel that the author of Vivian Grey should be one
of the most popular writers of his time.
2.
We enumerate Mr. Disraeli's other productions.
Voyage of Capt. Popanilla, 1828. 3. The Young Duke,
1831. 4. England and France. 5. Contarini Fleining,
'1833. 6. Alroy, the Wondrous Tale, and The Rise of
Iskander, 1833. 7. The Revolutionary Epic; a Poem, 1834,
4to. 8. The Crisis Examined, 1834. 9. Vindication of the
English Constitution, 1834. 10. Letters of Runnymede,
1836. 11. Henrietta Temple, 1836; last ed., 1857. 12.
Venetia, 1837. 13. Alcaros; a Tragedy, 1839. 14. Con-
ingsby; or, The New Generation, 1844.
In whatever point of view we examine this work, it commands
unmixed admiration. It is admirable as a novel of real life. as a
picture of English society, as an exposition of political parties and
principles, as a gallery of living portraits. The recommendation
of such a novel to our readers would be a work of supererogation.
Everybody will read it.”—Court Journal.
15. Sibyl; or, The New Nation, 1845.
"Few will read the volumes for either the story or the plot."-
'Brit. Quar. Rev. ii. 172.
16. Ixion in Heaven. 17. Tancred; or, The New Cru-
sade, 1847.
"It is full of charming effects of style and fine delineations,
when living characters are no longer the subjects. The descrip
tions of Oriental life are only to be compared with those of Anas-
tasius or Eüthen."-Edin: Review, lxxxvi. 153.
and son of a Venetian merchant of Jewish extraction, was
a native of Enfield, near London. He was educated at
Amsterdam and Leyden, and travelled for some time in
various parts of the Continent. Inheriting a handsome
fortune, which gave him the command of his time, and
possessing a strong attachment to literary investigations,
we need not be surprised that this gentleman contributed
interesting letters of the young aspirant for literary honours
so much valuable matter to the literature of his age. Tw
and usefulness will be found in the Gent. Mag.: they are
addressed to the Rev. Dr. Vicesimus Knox, and bear the
date of 1786. In December of the same year he pub. in
the Gent. Mag., Remarks on the Biographical Accounts of
the late Samuel Johnson, LL.D., with an attempt to vin-
dicate his character from late misrepresentations, signed
I. D. I.
The youthful author made some attempts at poetry, but
soon satisfied himself that he was not to look for distinc-
tion in this sphere. In 1790 he pub. A Defence of Poetry,
with a Specimen of a New Version of Telemachus, 4to, and
in 1803 a volume of Narrative Poems, 4to. Some of his
poetical effusions will be found in the Gent. Mag., Ixxi.
446, and in the vol. entitled The Claims of Literature.
"The years between Vivian Grey and Tancred have not been
spent idly by Mr. Disraeli. He has written many works of fiction,
all, we believe, successful, and some of them among the best of
their time: some verse, in which he has rather tried than exercised
his powers; and political essays, anonymous, but acknowledged,
in which the thing to be said was evidently much less valued than
the manner of saying it. The Adventures of Captain Popanilla
deserve to be remembered as an admirable adaptation of Gulliver
to later circumstances; and the Wondrous Tale of Alroy is a most
imaginative attempt to naturalize in our language that rhymed
‘and assonant prose which has so great a charm for Eastern ears.
but which with us will scarcely win more admirers than have
been gained by the attempts at English hexameters.”—Elin. Re-
view. lxxxvi. 139.
See a Critical Biog. of Mr. Disraeli by G. H. Francis,
Lon., 1852, 12mo.
Disraeli, Isaac, 1766-1848, father of the preceding,
Curiosities of Literature, vol. i., 1791; vol. ii., 1793; 2d
ed., 1794, 8vo; subsequently enlarged to 3 vols., (3d vol.,
1817;) 2d series, 1823. The later impressions were en-
larged and improved; the 12th ed. was pub. in 1841, and
the 14th in 1850. A Dissertation on Anecdotes, 1793, Svo.
Essay on the Manners and Genius of the Literary Cha-
racter, 1795, 8vo. Miscellanies; or Literary Recreations,
Ro-
1796, 8vo. Vaurien, a Satirical Novel, 1797; anon.
mances, 1799, 8vo. Flim Flams; or the Life of My Uncle,
&c., 1805, 3 vols. 12mo. Calamities of Authors, 1812, '13,
2 vols. 8vo. Quarrels of Authors, 1814, 3 vols. 8vo.
quiry into the Literary and Political Character of King
James the First, 1816, Svo. Commentaries on the Life
and Reign of King Charles I., 1828-31, 5 vols. 8vo; and
a sequel. Eliot, Hampden, and Pym, 1832. The Genius
of Judaism, 1833, p. 8vo. Amenities of Literature, 1841,
Svo. This work was intended as part of an extensive sur-
vey of English Literature, but partial blindness, induced
by long-continued application, prevented the completion
of this praiseworthy design.
In-
But Mr. Disraeli did enough to entitle him to the lasting
gratitude of posterity. No lover of letters, old or young,
should be without the following volumes:
Curiosities of Literature, new ed., with Life, Lon., 1851,
r. Svo. An edit. in 3 vols. Svo, with Life of the Author
by his son, (see DISRAELI, RT. HON. BENJAMIN ;) new ed.,
with Life by his son, Bost., 1858, 4 vols. 8vo. Miscellanies
of Literature; consisting of: 1. Literary Miscellanies; 2.
Calamities of Authors; 3. Quarrels of Authors; 4. Charac-
ter of James I.; 5. The Literary Character, 1840, r. Svo.
Amenities of Literature; 2d ed., 1842, 3 vols. Svo. The Life
and Reign of Charles I.; a new ed., revised by B. Disraeli,
Esq, 1851, 2 vols. 8vo. Our author pub. many articles in
"For our own part, we cannot see any use that is to be answered
by such books as Tancred. It is as dumb as the poor choked
hunchback in the Arabian Nights, when we ask what its business
is. There are no characters in it. There is no dramatic interest,
none of plot or incident. . . . Moralists tell us, that every man is
bound to sustain his share in the weight of the world's sorrows
and trials, and we honestly feel as if we had done our part by read-the Gent. Mag., and was a contrib. to Nichols's Lit. Anec.
ing Tancred."-J. R. LOWELL, in North Amer. Review, lxv. 223.
18. Lord George Bentinck, a Polit. Biog., 5th ed., 1852.
"In this most interesting volume Mr. Disraeli has not only added
to his reputation, but we verily believe must increase his influence
even as a politician.”—Dubl. Üniv. Magaziné.
"This biography cannot fail to attract the deep attention of the
public. We are bound to say, that as a political biography, we
have rarely, if ever, met with a book more dextrously handled, or
more replete with interest."-Blackwood's Magazine.
An ed. of his works was pub. in 1853; and the last cd.,
in 10 vols. p. Svo,-comprising Nos. 1, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 14,
15, 16, 17, supra,-appeared in 1857.
We are also indebted to Mr. Disraeli for a new ed. of Mr.
Isaac Disraeli's valuable Commentaries on the Life and
Reign of King Charles I., 1851, 2 vols. Svo; and he is
now (1858) engaged in editing a new uniform ed. of his
father's Works, with a Memoir and Notes.
of Literature Illustrated, in which grave charges are ad-
In 1837 Mr. Bolton Corney pub. a vol. entitled Curiosities
duced against Mr. Disraeli's literary character. We have
already referred to this vol., (see CORNEY, BOLTON,) and shall
not here enter into any examination of the justice of these
imputations.
We conclude with the quotation of some opinions upon
Mr. Disraeli's literary merits.
Calamities of Authors.
"The middle of the book is much better than the two ends: it
is one of those works which are designed for the breakfast-tablə
and the sofa, and is so well adapted for its purpose, that he who
takes it up will not readily lay it down. The matter is as amus-
iug as any lover of light reading can desire, and of such a desul-
tory kind that a comment might easily be made as extensive as the
text."-ROBERT SOUTHEY, in Lon. Quar. Review, viii. 93, 1812.
"That it will tend to meliorate the condition of authors, or deter
a single young man, of scribbling propensities, from rushing into a
profession so unprofitable, is rather to be hoped than expected."—
British Critic, xlvi. 12.
Commentaries on the Life and Reign of Charles the
First, vols. iii. and iv., 1830.
“Mr. Disraeli seems not to have considered how much easier it
is to accumulate great masses of materials than to impart to them
a harmonious form. Almost any artist in marble can imitate the
face; but to give it the divine art of life belongs only to a Canova
or a Chantrey.
"We do not know how we can better convey to the reader our
opinion of these volumes than by comparing them to the frag
ments of a broken mirror, reflecting an infinity of small objects.
and disposing them according to a felicitous design."-Lon. Monthly
We perceive no master hand selecting the more precious materials,
Review, cxxiii. 195, 1830.
*
By far the most important work upon the important age of
505
DIS
DIX
6.
narles I. that modern times have produced. . . . The well-known !
spirit of research of the author, and his acquaintance with the
sources of secret history, have produced a work which we hesitate
not to call indispensable for all desirous of forming an accurate
judgment of the period of history it embraces.”—Lön. Quar. Rev.
The present is another delightful book added to the former pro
ductions of this esteemed writer, full not merely of his usual plea-
sant gossip of the olden time, but of curious personal political his
tory. It is calculated to throw an impartial light upon the leading
events in the reign of the first Charles-a reign more resembling
a romantic tale, or a tragic drama, than almost any period which
could be selected out of the history of any nation.”—Lon. Literary
Guzette.
New Series of the Curiosities of Literature, 1823, 3 vols.
"We fear not to say, that NO MAN who has perused these volumes
attentively, can fail to be a great, a very great deal more knowing
than he was when he began; and that the fault must be entirely
his own, if he be not also a great deal wiser.”—Blackwood's Maga-
zine. xiii. 163, 1823.
"The numerous editions which have been printed of the Curiosi-
ties of Literature, amply attest the value of this instructive and
amusing work on literary history and criticism."-T. H. HORNE:
Introduc. to Bibliography, 412.
!
“Mr. Disraeli, from whose works the best-informed reader may
learn much.”—Robert SOUTHEY.
"His works must live in honour, and in freshness, as long as
our history and literature survive, and no man will turn over their
pages three hundred years hence, without saying to himself.
This was a man of indefatigable zeal, of elegant feelings, and,
above all, of lofty purity of character.""-Blackwood's Magazine,
xiii. 163, 1823.
"Mr. Disraeli is and deserves to be a popular writer: his senti-
ments are liberal; his topics are various; his illustrations display
command of reading; and his style is lively and poignant. Few
writers instruct so amusingly and amuse so instructively."-Lon.
Monthly Review.
"He is one of the most learned, intelligent. lively, and agreeable
authors of our era; he has composed a series of works, which,
while they shed abundance of light on the character and condition
of literary men, and show us the state of genius in this land, have
all the attractions for general readers of the best romances.
I see it intimated that Disraeli has the History of British Litera-
ture in contemplation; he cannot do a more acceptable service to
the republic of letters. than write it."-ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog.
and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the last Fifty Years, 1853.
·
The distinguished author whose testimony shall con-
clude our article profited greatly by the works whose merit
be thus handsomely acknowledges:
"That most entertaining and searching writer, Disraeli, whose
works in general I have read oftener than perhaps those of any
other English writer whatever."-LORD BYRON.
New eds. of the Curiosities of Literature, Calamities of
Authors, Quarrels of Authors, and Miscellanies, all revised,
with Additional Notes, by the Rt. Hon. the Chancellor of
the Exchequer, (Sir George Cornewall Lewis,) are an-
nounced (1858) for immediate publication.
Disturnell, Josiah. Serm., Lon., 1791, 4to.
Ditton, Humphrey, 1675-1715, a mathematician of
considerable eminence, a native of Salisbury, was elected
Mathematical Master of Christ's Hospital principally by
the influence of Sir Isaac Newton. Laws of Nature and
Motion, Lon., 1705, Svo. Fluxions, 1706, Svo. Synopsis
Algebraicum of Helvetius, with addits., &c., 1709. Per-
spective, 1712, 8vo.
This gave the first hints of the new method afterwards en-
larged upon and improved by Dr. Brook Taylor; and which was
published in 1715.”
Other mathemat. works, and the following theolog. tren-
tise, which has been highly commended and trans. into
several languages: A Discourse concerning the Resurrec-
tion of Jesus Christ, in three parts, with an Appendix,
1712, 8vo; 5th ed., 1740, Svo.
"In this discourse the most solid reasoning on the subject of the
resurrection will be found."-BISHOP WATSON,
"The two treatises of IIumphrey Ditton and Gilbert West deserve
particular attention."-Dr. Kippis's Note in Doddridge's Lectures.
"He states the nature of moral evidence, and alleges, with much
force, the proofs of the fact of the Saviour's resurrection."- Orme's
Bibl. Bib. See Biog. Brit.; Whiston's Memoirs; Gospel Mag., 1777.
Dix, Dorothea L., a zealous philanthropist, a native
of Massachusetts, who has done much to ameliorate the
condition of the prisoner and the lunatic, has pub. several
works anonymously, among which are The Garland of
Flora; Conversations about Common Things; Alice and
Ruth; Private Hours; tracts for prisoners, &c.
Dix, Henry. Art of Brachygraphy, Lon., 1641, 8vo;
and an edit., 1633. This system of short-hand resembles
Willis's.
Dix, John. Lays of Home, Lon. Local Legends,
1829, fp. 8vo. Progress of Intemperance, 1839, ob. fol.
Life of Thomas Chatterton, 1837, fp. 8vo; 1851. We have
noticed this vol. under CHATTERTON, THOMAS.
Dix, John H., M.D., of Boston, Mass. Strabismus,
Phila., 1841. Morbid sensibility of the Retina, Boston,
1849, 12mo. Changes of the Blood in Disease; trans.
from the French of M. Gibert, Phila., Svo.
"The treatise of M. Gibert is elaborate, and exhibits a very good
view of the relation of the blood to the morbid conditions of the
system."-Western Lancet.
Dix, John A. Resources of the City of N. York, N.
York, 1827, 8vo. Decisions of the Supt. of Com. Schools,
N. York, and Laws relating to C. Schools, Albany, 1837,
8vo. A Winter in Madeira, and a Summer in Spain and
Florence, N. York, 1851, 12mo; 1855.
Dix, Thomas. Land Surveying, Lon., 1799, Svo.
Maps, 1805, 8vo. Juvenile Atlas, 1811, 4to.
Dix, Wm. S. Grain Machine, 1797, 4to. See Do-
naldson's Agricult. Biog., 82.
Dixon, Rev. Edmund Saul. Dovecote, &c., Lon.,
1851, '53-54, 12mo. Ornamental and Domestic Poultry,
1848, '58, 12mo.
Dixon, Fletcher. Serm., &c., 1792, '93.
Dixon, Frederick. Geology and Fossils of the Ter-
tiary and Cretaceous Formations of Sussex; edited by Prof.
Owen, assisted by Professors Forbes, Bell, Mr. Lonsdale,
&c., Lon., 1850, r. 4to. This valuable work contains much
general information respecting the geology of England.
Dixon, Capt. George. Voyage round the World,
but more particularly to the N. W. Coast of America, 1785-
88, Lon., 1789, 4to. Voyage of Meares, 1790, 4to; further,
do., 1791, 4to. Navigator's Assistant, 1791, 12mo.
Dixon, Henry. Mora. Essays, s. 1. et a.
Dixon, John. Letters on Fisheries, 1802, 4to.
Dixon, Joseph, M D. Con. to Med. Com., 1785.
Dixon, Joseph, D.D., R.C. Archbishop of Armagh.
A General Introduc. to the Sacred Scriptures; repub., Bal-
timore, 1853, 2 vols. Svo.
"Dr. Dixon has given us the first Catholic Introduction to Scrip-
ture which has appeared in our language, and has performed his
task in a manner that reflects high credit on the office which he
holds, and the place in which he occupies it."—Dublin Keview.
Dixon, Joshua, M.D. The Literary Life of Wm.
Brownrigg, M.D., 1801, 8vo.
Dixon, Joshua. Church Catechism Illustrated, 6th
ed., Lon., 1841, 18mo. It contains 4000 Scripture refer-
ences, and is an invaluable assistant to the Sunday-school
teacher. Repub. in Boston. Revised and adapted to the
Liturgy of the Church in America by Rev. George A. Smith.
Dixon, R. Law relative to Title Deeds and other Docu-
ments, Lon., 1826, 2 vols. 8vo. New Code relating to Real-
Property, 1827, 8vo.
Dixon, Richard. Serm., 1812, 4to.
Dixon, Robert, D.D. Consanguinity and Affinity,
Lon., 1674, Svo. Nature of the two Testaments, 1676, fol.
Dixon, Robert. Canidia, or the Witches, a (Poetical)
Rhapsody in five parts, Lon., 1682, '83, 4to.
Dixon, Robert. Norfolk Scenery, 1810, '11, 4to.
Dixon, Roger. Consultum Sanitatus; a Directory
to Health, Lon., 1663, 12mo. Advice to the Poor, 1665, 4to.
Dixon, Thomas. See DICKSON.
Dixon, William. Vegetable Balls Found in a Lake
in Yorkshire; Phil. Trans., 1751.
Dixon, William. Distillation from Corn, 1811, 8vo.
Dixon, Wm. Hepworth, of the Inner Temple, b.
1821, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, settled in London
in 1846, and soon became known by his writings in pe-
riodical works. Appointed editor of the Athenæum in
1853. John Howard and the Prison-World of Europe,
Lon., 1850, 12mo; 3d ed., 1850, 12mo; 5th ed., 1854, fp.
proved himself competent to execute the task."-Lom. Athenæum.
"A Life of Howard was certainly wanted. and our author has
"Adventures more extraordinary it is impossible to conceive;
and they are recounted by Mr. Dixon with a succinctness, simpli
city, and animation, that leave nothing to be desired. The book
is more interesting than any romance."-Lon. D. News.
The London Prisons, &c., 1850, fp. 8vo.
"These volumes relate to kindred subjects; and are written by
one who is in every way calculated to do justice to his theme. Wo
only express our calm and settled conviction, when we state it as
our opinion, that no works of equal interest, on the same subject,
have seen the light in our day."-Lon. Evangelical Magazine.
William Penn, a Historical Biog., with an extra chapte
on the "Macaulay Charges," 1851, p. 8vo; 3d ed., 1856.
"His style is good and easy. There is life in his narrative and
vigour in his descriptions.”—Edin. Review.
"As a biography the work has claims of no common order.
Within the compass of a single volume Mr. Dixon has compressed
a great variety of facts, many original, and all skilfully arranged
so as to produce an authentic moral portrait of his hero. The lite-
rary merits of the volume include great research, and a narrative
at once consecutive and vivid."-Lom. Athen., 1851, 346, und 1866.
Robert Blake, Admiral and General at Sea: based on
Family and State Papers, 1852, 12mo; 2d ed., 1858.
"The subject is noble; and Mr. Dixon has treated it with rare
vigour, spirit, and conscientiousness."-Lon. Leader.
Both Sides of the Channel, 1852.
The French in England: Both Sides of the Question on
"The author wields a skilful pen, and tells his story with rue
historical fervour."-Lon. Gent. Mag.
506
DOA
DOD
Doane, Augustus Sidney, M.D., 1808-1852, a na-
tive of Boston, Mass., removed to New York in 1830, where
he resided until his death. An edit. of Good's Study of
Medicine. Trans. of Maygrier on Midwifery, Dupuytren's
Surgory, Lugol's Scrofulous Diseases, Bayle's Descriptive
Anatomy, Blandin's Topographical Anatomy, Meckel's
Anatomy, Scoutetten on Cholera, Ricord on Syphilis,
Chaussier on the Arteries, &c. Contributions to Surgery
Illustrated, and to sundry medical journals. See a bio-
graphical notice of this learned physician in The Interna-
tional Mag., v. 427, N. York, 1852.
Doane, George Washington, D.D., LL.D., b. in
Trenton, New Jersey, 1799, graduated at Union College,
Schenectady, at 19; ordained Deacon by Bishop Hobart,
1821; Priest, 1823; Rector of Trinity Church, New York,
for three years.
In 1824 he was appointed Professor of
Belles Lettres and Oratory in Washington College, Con-
necticut. In 1828 he resigned that office, and soon after
assumed the charge of Trinity Church, Boston. In 1832
he was consecrated Bishop of the Diocese of New Jersey.
He pub. a collection of poetical pieces in 1824, entitled
Songs by the Way, and he has from time to time given to
the world a number of theological treatises, discourses, &c.
A collection of his Sermons and Charges was pub. in Lon-
don in 1842, 8vo.
Some of Bishop Doane's poems have been greatly ad-
mired.
Dobbin, Orlando T.,LL.D., Trinity College, Dublin.
Tentamen Anti-Straussianum: The Antiquity of the Gos-
pels asserted on Philological Grounds in Refutation of the
Mythic Scheme of Dr. David Frederick Strauss: an Argu-
ment, Lon., 1845, 8vo.
"A work in no common degree acute, learned, eloquent. and-
what is rarer still in a region so often traversed-original.”
Church of Ireland Mag.
"It leaves Dr. Strauss without a loophole whereby to escape. and
establishes most unanswerably the antiquity of the Gospels."
Church and Stute Gazette.
- "Complete, conclusi⚫e, and unanswerable.”—Christ. Examiner.
The Sabbath of Heaven, Lon., 1849, Svo.
Dobbs, Arthur, d. 1765, Governor of N. Carolina,
1753. Trade and Improvement of Ireland, Dubl.,1729,8vo.
"This essay contains some interesting statements respecting the
trade and population of Ireland, and its state at the period to
which it refers."-McCulloch's Lit, of Polit. Ecom.
Captain Middleton's Defence, 174 8vo. Countries ad-
joining to Hudson's Bay, 1744, 8vo. Several tracts were
elicited by this work. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., and
Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, anno 1754.
Dobbs, Francis. The Patriot King, a Trag.. 1774,
8vo. Universal Hist., Lon., 1787, 4 vols. 12mo; Summary
of do., 1809, 9 vols. 8vo. Other works.
Dobbs, Richard. Serm., 1762, Svo.
Dobel, D. Primitive Christianity propounded; or an
Essay to revive the ancient mode or manner of Preaching
the Gospel, Lon., 1755, Svo. Mr. Dobel insists that read-
ing sermons is not preaching. See Lon. Monthly Rev., xii.
240, 1755.
Dobell, John. Selec. of 700 Hymns, 1812, Svo; later
eds. Baptism, 1807. Humanity, 1812, Svo.
Dobell, Peter. Travels in China, Siberia, and Kamts-
chatka, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo.
"Full of curious facts, of new and interesting accounts of coun-
tries known to us very imperfectly, aud in many particulars not
known at all."-Lon. Spectator.
i
Dobie, A. English styles for Scotch Law practice,
Lon., 1824, Svo.
Dobney, J. T. Devotion for Schools, 3d ed., Lon.,
1846.
Dobson's Dry Bobs, 1610, 4to. A copy is among Ca-
pell's Shaksperiana at Trinity College, Cambridge.
Dobson, John. 1. Dr. Pierce.
1. Dr. Pierce. 2. Serm., 1663, '70.
Dobson, Joshua. Serm., 1747, 8vo.
Dobson, Matthew, M.D., d. 1784. Medical Comment.
on Fixed Air, Lon., 1779, Svo; 2d ed. by W. Falconer, M.D.,
1785, Svo.
Con. to Med. Obs. and Ing., 1778; Phil. Trans.,
1774-81.
Dobson, Robert, M.D. Profes. treatises, 1770, 75.
Dobson, Mrs. Susannah, wife of Matthew Dobson,
Life of Petrarch, from the French of the Abbé de
Sade, Lon., 1775, 2 vols. 8vo; Dubl., 1777, 12mo; Lon.,
1840, Svo. Literary Hist. of the Troubadours, Lon., 1779,
8vo; 1807; Ancient Chivalry, 1784, Svo; both from the
French of St. Palaye. Trans. of Petrarch's View of Hu-
man Life, 1791, Svo. A Dialogue on Friendship and
Society.
M.D.
R. Hooker's Works, Lon., 1825, 2
Dobson, W. S.
vols. Svo.
Dobson, Wm. Prussian Campaign; a Poem, 1758.
Dobson, Wm. Kunopodia; a Practical Essay on
Breaking or Training the English Spaniel or Pointer,
1814, 8vo.
Dobyns, John. Surgical con. to Phil. Trans., 1728.
Dochant, George. Catechism, Lon., 1653, 12mo.
Docharty, G. B. Institutes of Algebra, New York,
1852, 12mo.
"Professor Docharty presents the topics of Algebra in a natural
order, and with great clearness of statement throughout. We can
commend this book to the careful examination of teachers."
Methodist Quarterly Review.
Institutes of Arithmetic, 1854, 12mo.
Dockirray, Thomas. Serms., 1743, '54.
Docultree, Amoo. Game of Rowlet, Lon., 1774.
Docura, Ann. Apostate Conscience, Lon., 1700.
Dod, Charles Roger, 1793-1855, originally in-
tended for the bar. For thirty-seven years he was con-
nected with the journals of London, and for twenty-three
years he was connected with the Times newspaper. He
and wrote the memoirs of the most distinguished persons
superintended the reports of the debates in Parliament,
who died during that time, for the same journal. The
Parliamentary Companion, 1855: 24th year.
Baronetage, and Knightage, 1855: 15th year.
Peerage,
"The best publication of this kind that we have seen."- West-
minster Rev.
Annual Biography. Electoral Facts, 1832-52; new ed.,
1853. Manual of Dignities and Precedence, 1842, '44.
Dod, H. Psalms and Songs, Lon., 1620, Svo.
Dod, John, 1547-1645, Rector of Fawesley, 1624, is
generally called The Decalogist, from his Comment. on the
Ten Commandments. Although a Puritan, he was a zeal-
ous Royalist. Expos. of the Ten Commandments by Dod
and Robt. Cleaver, Lon., 1606, 4to; 1626; Sth ed., 1632.
Serms., 1614, '18, '21. Expos. of the Book of Proverbs,
by Dod, Robt. Cleaver, and Wm. Flinde, 1606, 4to; 1611.
Expos. of the Lord's Prayer, 1635, fol.
b.
John Dod was by nature a witty, by industry a learned, by
grace a godly, divine."-Fuller's Worthies of Cheshire.
none.
· He was in learning excelled by few; and in unaffected piety by
brew language, which he taught the famous John Gregory of Christ
He was particularly eminent for his knowledge of the He
Church, in Oxford."-GRANGER.
Dod, John. Serm., Lon., 1777, 8vo.
Dod, Rev. Marcus. On the Incarnation of the
Eternal Word. New ed., with a Notice by the late Rev.
Thomas Chalmers, D.D.
Dod, Pierce, M.D. Profess. treatises, 1729–43.
Dod, Samuel. Serm., Lon., 1714. 4to.
Dod, Thomas. Serm., Oxon., 1717, Svo.
Price's Addit. Observ. on Civil Liberty, &c., Lon., 1777, Svo.
Dodd, A. Charles. The Contrast; strictures on Dr.
"A very illiberal and indecent performance."-Lon. Monthly
Revin.
Dodd, C. E. Law of Elections, Lon., 1826, Svo.
Dodd, Charles, or Richard Tootle, d. about 1745,
a Roman Catholic priest and historian, residing at Harving-
ton, Worcestershire, was the author of The Church Hist.
bears the imprint of Brussels, (1737, 39, 42, 3 vols. fol.,)
of England, 1500-1688, the labour of thirty years. It
Staffordshire. This work was formerly entirely neglected,
but is supposed to have been printed at Wolverhampton,
but within the last few years has been sold for as high as
£10 108. The publication of a new ed. by the Rev. M. A.
Tierney, with Notes, Additions, and Continuation, to be
comprised in fourteen vols. Svo, was commenced in 1839,
and its completion was promised by the end of 1842. It
is now thirteen years later, (1855,) and but 5 vols. have ap-
peared, 1839-43, vol. 5th being supplemental to Dodd, and
written by Mr. Tierney. Whence the delay? The pub-
lication price of the new ed. was 12s., small paper; 218.,
large paper, per vol.
A book of rare occurrence, and interesting chiefly to the curious
in biography. It was published as an antidote to Burnet, and is
avowedly written as a defence of the Roman Catholics. The author
was a caustic and not unqualified writer. His love of ridicule is
apparent; his reflections upon some of our early Reformers are
sometimes both unfounded and severe.”—Dibdin's Library Com-
panion.
..
is interwoven in that of the fugitive papists, and the materials of
It is very rare and curious. Much of our own domestic history
this work are frequently drawn from their own archives, preserved
in their seminaries at Douay, Valladolid, &c., which have not been
accessible to Protestant writers. Here I discovered a copious no-
menclature of eminent persons, and many literary men, with many
unknown facts, both of a private and public nature. It is useful.
at times to know whether an English author was a Catholic.”—
Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors,
In the now edit. the biographical part is not intermixed
with the history, but is intended to form a distinct series in
the vols. after the 5th. In 1741 appeared A Specimen of
Amendments candidly proposed to the compiler of a work
507
DOD
DOD
|
which he calls The Church History of England, 1500–1688;
by Clerophilus Alethes. This elicited An Apology for the
Church History of England, 1500-1688; being a reply to a
quarrelsome libel entitled A Specimen of Amendments, &c.,
1742, Svo. Dodd also wrote Certamen utriusque Ecclesiæ, &c..
1724, 4to. See the Somers Collection of Tracts, vol. xiii.
Dodd, George. Days at the Factories, Lon., 1843,
Svo. Manufactories of Great Britain, 1844, '45, 6 vols.18mo,
"A book eminently suited to the times.... It should be read
by all who would know how it is that England has acquired the
character of being the greatest workshop of the world.”—British
Friend of India Magazine.
The Curiosities of Industry and the Applied Sciences,
1852, Svo.
Dodd, James A., b. 1807, in Virginia, a self-made
mathematician, was chosen Prof. of Mathematics, Nat.
Philos., and Astronomy, in the Centenary Coll., Miss., 1841;
in Transylvania Univ., 1846; President pro tem., 1849-55.
Elementary and Practical Arithmetic. High School Arith-
metic. Elementary and Practical Algebra. Algebra for
High Schools and Colleges. Elements of Geometry and
Mensuration. Contrib. to Quarterly Review of the Meth.
E. Church South, &c.
Dodd, James S. Satyrical Lecture on Hearts, &c.,
8vo. Nat. Hist. of the Herring. Lon., 1752, Svo. Trans.
of Dr. Margat's New Prac. of Physic, 1774, 12mo. Hist.
of Gibraltar, 1781, Svo.
Dodd, Mary Ann Hanmer, b. 1813, at Hartford,
Connecticut, has contributed many poetical pieces of un-
common merit to The Hermenethean, The Ladies' Reposi-
tory, and The Rose of Sharon. A volume of her poems
was pub, at Hartford in 1843. We may instance The La-
ment, The Mourner, To a Cricket, The Dreamer, and The
Dove's Visit, as compositions of rare excellence:
Dodd, Philip Stanhope. Hints to Freshmen at
the University of Cambridge, 3d ed., 1807, 12mo.
Dodd, Ralph. Canals, Lon., 1795, 8vo. Reports,
1798, 4to. Letters, 1799. Water, 1805, 8vo. Dry Rot,
1815. Svo.
Dodd, William, D.D., 1729-1777, a divine of the
Church of England, equally noted for his great abilities
and his melancholy end, was a native of Bourne, Lincoln-
shire, of which parish his father was vicar, and educated
at Clare Hall, Cambridge. He was ordained in 1753, and
soon distinguished himself as one of the most eloquent
preachers in London. After various preferments, Dr.
Squier, Bishop of St. David's, procured for him a collation
to a prebend of Brecon, and in the same year he received
the appointment of tutor to Philip Stanhope, afterwards
Earl of Chesterfield. He was made one of the king's chap-
lains in 1764. Dodd was exceedingly fond of display, and
lived in a style altogether unsuited to his moderate cir-
cumstances. Finding himself deeply involved in debt, he
determined to make a bold effort to secure the rectory of
St. George's, Hanover Square, which had fallen to the dis-
posal of the crown. To her great surprise, the lady of
Lord Chancellor Apsley received an anonymous letter offer-
ing to present her with £3000 if she would obtain for Dr.
Dodd the vacant parish. This insulting proposal was
traced to the aspirant himself, and the king ordered his
name to be struck from the list of his chaplains. In 1777
he forged the name of his former pupil, Lord Chesterfield,
to a bond for £4200. Detected in this crime, he was cast
into prison, tried, and convicted, and-notwithstanding
the most strenuous efforts to save his life-executed at Ty-
burn on the 27th of June.
Dodd's publications-a list of which will be found in
Watt's Bibl. Brit.-are numerous.. We notice the follow-
ing: Discourses on the Miracles and Parables of Christ,
Lon., 1757, 4 vols. 8vo. Serms. to Young Men, 1772, 3
vols. 8vo; 1st Amer. ed., Phila., 1848, 24mo. An excel-
lent work. The Visitor, Lon., 1764, 2 vols. 12mo. Com-
Com-
fort for the Afflicted, 4th ed., 1789, 12mo. Thoughts in
Prison, in 5 parts, 1777, Svo; many eds. Reflections on
Death, 3d ed., 1769, 18mo. The Beauties of Shakspeare,
1780, 3 vols. 12mo; new ed., 1810, '16. Comment. on the
Old and New Test., with the Notes and Collections of John
Locke, Dr. Waterland, Lord Clarendon, &c., pub. in num-
bers, 1765, &c.; 3 vols. fol., 1770.
"This work, as giving in general the true sense of the Scriptures,
is by far the best Comment that has ever yet appeared in the Eng-
lish language."-DR. ADAM CLARKE.
Perhaps this is rather extravagant. We have already
noticed the reprint of this work, (6 vols. 4to, 1801-03,)
with some alterations by DR. THOMAS COKE, 7. v.
The
name of John Locke in the title-page is an error. The
notes ascribed to him were really written by DR. RALPH
CUDWORTH; see the name in the Biog. Brit., last ed.
1
Beauties of History, 1795, 12mo. A Common Place
Book to the Holy Bible, by John Locke, Esq., revised and
improved by Wm. Dodd, 1805, 4to; 1824. The authenti-
city of this work is questionable.
*•
It certainly is a very useful book."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
For further particulars respecting Dr. Dodd, see Memoirs
prefixed to his Thoughts in Prison; Hist. Mem. of his Life
and Writings, by Isaac Reed, 1777, 8vo; Jones's Life of
Horne; Gent. Mag., Ix., 1010, '66, '77; Boswell's Life of
Dr. Johnson.
Doddie, John. Associate Synod, 1800.
Doddridge, Doderidge, or Dodridge, Sir John,
1555-1628, au eminent English lawyer, was a native of
Barnstaple, Devonshire, and educated at Exeter College,
whence he was removed to the Middle Temple, appointed
his majesty's principal sergeant at law, 1607; Judge of the
Court of King's Bench, 1613. Among his works are Com.
plete Parson, 1602; last ed., 1641, 4to. The Lawyer's
Light, 1602, 4to. Hist. Account of the Estate of the Prin-
cipality of Wales, Duchy of Cornwall, and Earldom of
Chester, 1630, 4to.
"In this treatise, Sir John, with a great deal of industry and
exactness, calculates the ancient and present revenues of the pala-
tinate; but is not curious in clearing up its original history.".
Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib.
English Lawyer, 1631, 4to.
Knights, &c., Lou., 1658, 12mo.
of Bird's Magazine of Honour.
power of Parliament, 1672, 12mo.
and Wentworth's Executors have
Doddridge.
M
The Laws of Nobility,
This is an enlarged ed.
Opinion, etc. rel. to the
Sheppard's Touchstone
been ascribed to Judge
Doddridge, Philip, 1702-1751, was the twentieth
child of a London merchant, and lost both of his parents
at an early age. His mother had been in the habit of
teaching him portions of Scripture history, by means of
the figured Dutch tiles of the chimney of her apartment.
at the age of fourteen visiting the poor, calling their atten-
To such faithful instruction it was owing that we find him
tion to the subject of personal religion, and dividing his
pocket-money with the necessitous. At a private school
at St. Alban's, his application and piety attracted the notice
of Dr. Samuel Clarke, who kindly undertook the charge
and expense of his education. In 1719 he entered the dis-
senting academy of John Jennings at Kibworth; and
afterwards continued his studies at Hinckley in Leicester-
shire. He evinced great conscientiousness in declining,
on account of scruples as to subscribing to the thirty-nine
articles, the liberal offer of the Duchess of Bedford, to sup-
Port him at the university, and procure him preferment in
He met with much discouragement in his efforts to qualify
the church, if she should live until he had taken orders.
himself for the office of a dissenting preacher. He says:
"I waited on Dr. Edmund Calamy to beg his advice and assist-
ance, that I might be brought up a minister, which was always my
great desire.
great desire. He gave me no encouragement in it, but advised me
to turn my thoughts to something else.' Resolving to follow Pro-
vidence, and not force it,' he was about applying himself to the
study of the law; but before deciding he set apart one morning to
earnest solicitation for divine guidance: whilst thus occupied, he
received a letter from the generous Dr. Clarke, who offered to ad-
vance him to a pastoral office. Looking upon this timely offer
'almost as an answer from Heaven,' he accepted it joyfully."
""
In his studies, he was uncommonly diligent and method-
ical. At fourteen years of age he commenced keeping a
diary, in which he "accounted for every hour of his time.'
Whilst studying Homer, he made annotations sufficient to
fill a large volume; and his interleaved Bible exhibits a
vast quantity of extracts and remarks, in illustration of
the text, taken from the works of eminent commentators.
Thus did he lay the foundation of his own admirable ex-
position.
position. He was never too busy, however, to seek aseist-
ance of the Father of Lights, "without whose help all
labour is ineffectual, and without whose grace all wisdom
is folly.'
is folly." (See Dr. Johnson's prayer on commencing the
Rambler.) He says:
"I found that an hour spent every morning in private prayer
and meditation gave me spirit and vigour for the business of the
day, and kept my temper active, patient, and calm."
Among his private papers, written about this period, was
a solemn pledge to devote himself, his time, and his abili
ties, to the service of religion, (this he read over once a
week,) and a set of rules for his general guidance. By aid
of these monitors he enforced upon himself
"The necessity of early rising, of returning solemn thanks for
the mercies of the night, and imploring, divine aid through the
business of the day; of divesting his mind, while engaged in prayer,
of every thing else, either external or internal; of reading the
Scriptures daily; of never trifling with a book with which he had
no business; of never losing a minute of time, or incurring any
unnecessary expense, so that he might have more to spend for God;
of endeavouring to make himself agreeable and useful, by tender,
compassionate, and friendly deportment; of being very moderate
508
DOD
DOD
at meals, and of never delaying any thing, unless he could prove
that another time would be more fit than the present. or that some
other more important duty required his immediate attention.”
When we thus behold the foundation upon which this
excellent young man began to build his character, we
need not be surprised at the lofty elevation and striking
beauty to which the superstructure attained. In July,
1722, in his twentieth year, he commenced preaching to a
small congregation at Kibworth. Here he pursued his
biblical studies, and seems to have enjoyed both these and
his professional labours:
(. One day passeth away after another. and I only know that it
passeth pleasantly with me. . . . I can willingly give up the charins
of London, the luxury, the company, the popularity of it. for the
secret pleasures of rational employment and self-approbation; re-
tired from applause and reproach. from envy and contempt, and
the destructive habits of avarice and ambition."
His favourite authors in his retirement were Tillotson,
Baxter, and Howe. In 1727 he was chosen assistant
preacher at Market Harborough. Two years afterwards,
by the solicitation of Dr. Watt, he established an academy
for the education of young men designed for the ministry.
Among his pupils, were Dr. Kippis, the editor of the Bio-
graphia Britannica, Dr. Hugh Farmer, author of the Essay
on the Damoniacs of the New Testament, and Newton
Cuppe. In December, 1729, he took charge of a congre-
gation at Northampton, and in the following March was
ordained. In December, 1730, he was married to a lady
named Maris. On this occasion he drew up the following
rules, which we commend to all our married readers, and
to all who design entering into that happy relation:
"It shall be my daily care to keep up the spirit of piety in my
conversation with my wife; to recommend her to the divine bless-
ing; to manifest an obliging, tender. disposition towards her, and
particularly to avoid every thing which has the appearance of pet-
tishness, to which, amidst my various cares and labours, I may, in
some unguarded moments. be liable."
He contracted a cold in December, 1750, whilst travel-
ling to St. Alban's to preach a funeral sermon on Dr. Clarke.
The next July he preached his last sermon. A voyage to
Lisbon was recommended, but his scanty means presented
an obstacle to this step. Upon this becoming known, a
clergyman of the Church of England set on foot a subscrip-
tion for his relief. A large sum was raised, and Doddridge
embarked on the 30th of September, 1751; the voyage
proved of no benefit, and he expired at Lisbon, a fortnight
after he had landed: his remains were interred in the burial-
ground of the British Factory. In person he was rather
above the middle height, and very slender. His manners
were very easy and polite, his conversation was agreeable
and at times brilliant. Like most men of decided talent,
of eminent piety, and extensive usefulness, he was very
fond of humour, and excelled in sprightly sallies; and has
been described as taking "as much delight in innocent
mirth as a child," and as being "by far the most lively and
amusing member of the circle in which he moved." We i
have referred to his habit of early rising: unless severely
indisposed he quitted his bed winter and summer at five
o'clock:
in the sciences, in which I confess him to be greatly my superior,
and as to the doctrines of divinity and the gospel of Christ, I know
not any man of greater skill than himself, and hardly one sufficient
to be his second. .. If you have read that excellent performance
of his, the Rise and Progress, &c., you will be of my mind."
"One part of Dr. Doddridge's Family Expositor, which must have
cost him uncommon pains, was his having everywhere interwoven
the text with the paraphrase, and carefully distinguished the
former from the latter by the Italic character. By this method it
Is impossible to read the paraphrase without the text; and every
one may immediately see, not only the particular clause to which
any explication answers, but. also, what are the words of the ori-
ginal, and what merely the sense of the commentator.
Nor was
our author content with barely inserting the old translation, but
gave an entire new version of the whole Testament, the merit and
usefulness of which will in many respects be acknowledged. This
translation was extracted from the paraphrase, and published in
1765, in two volumes 12mo, with some alterations and improve-
ments by the editor. together with an introduction, and a number
of very short notes.”—Dr. Kippis, in Biog. Brit.
Dr. Isaac Watts thus speaks of our author, in a letter to
Rev. Mr. Longueville of Amsterdam, who wrote to Dr.
who wrote to Dr.
Watts respecting a translation of some of Doddridge's
works in the Dutch tongue :
"I have no need to give you a large account of his knowledge
of many eminent divines, and the Duchess of Somerset
For the latter production Doddridge received the thanks
thus writes to the author respecting it:
"I may with truth assure you, that I never was so deeply affected
with any thing I ever met with as with that book; and i could not
be easy till I had given one to every servant in my house.”
The Family Expositor has been translated into almost
every European language. At St. John's College, Cam-
bridge, the Evidences of Christianity has long been used
as a text-book.
"No single work is equal to the admirable course of lectures by
Dr. Doddridge."-SIMPSON.
"And first, as an universal storehouse, necessary to the student
in the conduct of his theological pursuits. Doddridge's Lectures.
[On the Principal Subjects in Pneumatology, Ethics, and Divinity."]
Bp. of Durham's Charge.
"I scarcely know a more useful book."-DR. PARE: notice of the
same work.
The Practical Discourses on Regeneration
"Are distinguished by the amiable and excellent author's wonted
clearness of statement and affectionate earnestness of persuasion.”
-DR. RALPH WARDLAW.
Sermons on the Power and Grace of Christ.
"I have read them with much pleasure and improvement; they
are excellent."-BP. WARBURTON.
of Dr. Doddridge more improving models.
"After all, the young composer may find the popular sermons
Ile excels in distinct-
ness and scripture phraseology."-DR. E. WILLIAMS.
"His Family Expositor is a masterly work. This admirable com-
mentary is in the lists of books recommended by Bishops Watson
and Tomline, and almost every other theological tutor. The Har-
mony of the Four Gospels is acknowledged to be executed with
great judgment. independently of the very valuable exposition
and notes that accompany it."-T. II. HORNE.
Mr. Orme remarks:
•••
"Of a book so well known and so generally esteemed as the
Family Expositor, it is scarcely necessary to speak. It is admirably
adapted to the object which the author had chiefly in view; and
no book can be read in a Christian family with more advantage.
The translation frequently corrects the received version: but
the paraphrase is often too diffuse, and in the notes he sometimes
discovers an anxiety to press a fine thought into the meaning of
the sacred writer. Ilis Harmony, which must have cost him great
labour, is often unsatisfactory. has too many transpositions, and is
not so judicious in the arrangement as Macknight's"
important and valuable."-DR. KIPPIS.
"Of all our author's writings. the Family Expositor is the most
Dr. Dibdin declares that
;;
The Family Expositor should find a place upon the shelf and
upon the table of every mansion where the moral duties of a Chris
tian are enjoined. Doddridge's heart was made up of all the kind-
of men's souls. Whatever he did, he appears to have done to the
lier feelings of our nature, and was wholly devoted to the salvation.
glory of God."
·
His character and writings will long continue to be revered
and honoured by all who prefer scriptural truth to human sys
tems."-MORELL.
Dr. Francis Hunt, Regius Professor at Oxford, bears tes-
timony to the excellence of the Rise and Progress, and
Archdeacon Wrangham wrote thirteen practical sermons
founded upon that work.
"I am generally employed with very short intervals from morn-
ing to night, and have seldom more than six hours in bed: yet,
such is the goodness of God to me, that I seldom know what it is
to be weary."
In reading the New Testament, I recommend Doddridge's
Family Expositor as an impartial interpreter and faithful monitor.
Other expositions and commentaries might be mentioned, greatly
He attributes the greater part of his literary productions lencies: such as. elegance of exposition, acuteness of illustration,
to the of their respective authors, for their several excel-
to his having invariably risen at five instead of seven
and copiousness of erudition; but I know of no expositor who
o'clock; "a practice which if pursued for forty years, would.unites so many advantages, whether you regard the fidelity of his
add a fourth of that period to a man's life." Dr. Doddridge version, the fulness and perspicuity of his composition, the utility
is best known as an author by his excellent Family Expo- of his general and historical information, the impartiality of his
sitor, and his Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul.
doctrinal comments, or lastly, the piety and pastoral earnestness
These works have been frequently reprinted, and so long fesses to have done. ample use of the commentators that preceded
of his moral and religious applications. He has made, as he pro-
as the Bible and human nature exist, must always be popu- him; and, in the explanation of grammatical difficulties, he has
lar on the whole, though, like all man's works, not without profited much more from the philological writers on the Greek Tes-
imperfections.
tament than could almost have been expected in so multifarious
an undertaking as the Family Expositor.”—BARRINGTON, Bishuurp
of Durham.
|
"Doddridge is now my prime favourite among divines."-The
Rev. Robert Hall's Letters.
He was author of one of the finest epigrams in the English
language. It is in Orton's life of him. The subject is his family
motto, · Dum vivimus vivamus, which, in its primary signification,
is, to be sure, not very suitable to a Christian divine; but he para
phrased it thus:
'Live while you live, the Epicure would say,
And seize the pleasures of the present day.
Live while you live, the sacred Preacher cries,
And give to God each moment as it flies.
Lord, in my views let both united be;
I live in pleasure, when I live to thee.""-DR. JOHNSON.
Dr. Doddridge's works are: 1. Sermon after a Fire, on
Amos iv. 11, 1732, Svo. 2. Ten Sermons on the Power and
Grace of Christ; or, Evidences of his glorious Gospel,
1736, 12mo. 3. Absurdity and Wickedness of Persecution
for Conscience' sake; a Sermon on Luke ix. 55, 56, 1736, Svo.
509
DOD
DOD
1. Sen non on 2 Cor. iv. 5, 1737, 8vo. 5. Sermon on 2 Kings
iv. 26, 1737, 8vo. 6. Sermon, Northampton, 1738. 7. Dis-
ecurse at the Interment of the Rev. J. Newton, Lon., 1741,
8vo. 8. The Evil and Danger of Neglecting the Souls of
Men; a Sermon, Lon., 1742, Svo. 9. Compassion to the
Sick Recommended and Urged; a Sermon on Ps. xli. 1-3.
10. On the Flight of the Rebels; a Sermon on Luke i. 74,
75, 1745, 8vo. 11. Four Sermons on the Religious Educa-
tion of Children, 1743, 8vo. 12. Funeral Sermon on 2
Kings iv. 26, 1737, 8vo. 13. Eighteen Practical Sermons
on Regeneration; to which are added 2 Sermons on Salva-
tion by Grace through Faith. 14. On occasion of a second
Shock of an Earthquake; a Serm. on Matt. xi. 23, 24, 1750,
Svo. 15. Tracts, 1761, 3 vols. 12mo. 16. Of the Evidences
of Christianity, in Answer to Christianity not Founded on
Argument, Lon., 1742, '43, 8vo. 17. Three Letters to the
Author of Christianity not Founded on Argument, Lon.,
1743, 8vo. 18. A Sermon on the Heroic Death of Colonel
James Gardiner, Lon., 1746, Svo. 19. Some remarkable
passages in the Life of Col. James Gardiner, from his birth,
January 10, 1687, to his death, in the Battle of Prestonpan,
September 21, 1745; with an Appendix relating to the
ancient family of the Munroes of Fowlis, 8vo. Several
editions. 20. The Rise and Progress of Religion in the
Soul, Lon., 1750, 12mo. The most popular of his detached
works. It has gone through numerous editions, and has
been translated into the Dutch, German, Danish, and
French languages. 21. A Funeral Sermon, Lon., 1750,
Svo. 22. Hymns, Salop, 1755, 8vo. 23. The Family Ex-
positor; or a Paraphrase and Version of the New Testa-
ment, with Critical Notes and Practical Improvements,
Lon., 1760-62, 6 vols. 4to. The same, with his Life by
Dr. Kippis, Lon., 1808, 4 vols. 4to, or 6 vols. 8vo. New
ed., 1840, 4 vols. Svo; and 1839, imp. fol. This masterly
work has been often reprinted. An abridgment of it was
published by the late Rev. S. Palmer, entitled The Family
Expositor abridged, according to the plan of its Author;
containing his Version, and the most useful Explanatory
Notes, with Practical Reflections at the end of each Sec-
tion entire, 2 vols. 8vo. 24. Course of Lectures, published
after his Death, by the Rev. Samuel Clarke, 1763, 4to.
Republished by Kippis, with very extensive and valuable
additions, Lon., 1794, 2 vols. 8vo. 25. Of a Person who
had no Ear for Music, naturally singing several times
when in a delirium, Phil. Trans., 1747. 26. Of a Wether
26. Of a Wether
giving Suck to a Lamb: and of a Monstrous Lamb, Ib.
We also notice: Memoirs of his Life, Character, and
Writings, Salop, 1766, 8vo. His whole works by D. Wil-
liams and the Rev. E. Parsons, Leeds, 1802, 10 vols. r. 8vo,
£6. Sermons to Young Persons; new edit., Lon., 1803,
12mo. Sermons, 1826, 4 vols. 8vo. Private Correspond-
ence and Diary, 1829, 5 vols. 8vo.
"These volumes must rank with our first English classics, and
must go down to posterity as specimens of the English language
rarely surpassed."-Lon. Evangel. Mag.
Miscellaneous Works, with an Introduc. Essay by the
Rev. T. Morell, 1839, imp. 8vo. See also The Life and
Labours of Doddridge by John Stoughton, Lon., 1851,
12mo; 2d ed., 1852. We do not feel willing to conclude
this article without quoting a few more testimonies to the
value of the writings of this truly excellent man:
particularly, were of great use in removing his projudices
against Christianity, and forming him to the love and prac-
tice of religion.
We may give another instance of the benefit resulting
from the Sermons on the Evidences of Christianity:
It gave the author singular pleasure to know that these sor-
mons were the means of convincing two gentlemen, of a liberal
education and distinguished abilities, that Christianity was true
and divine; and one of them became a zealous preacher, and au
ornament of the religion he had once denied and despised.”—Mid-
dleton's Evangel. Biog.
The Sermons on the Evidences are pub. by the London
Tract Society for 3d. McIlvaine's Evidences of Chris-
tianity is one of the best manuals on the subject, and has
been the means of convincing many skeptics of the truth
of the Gospel. Such books should be widely circulated
among unbelievers, or those who have lingering doubts
upon this all-important subject.
66
Doddridge was a burning and shining light which, in days of
more than ordinary coldness, Divine Providence was pleased
enkindle, in order to impart both warmth and illumination to the
professing Christian world.”—BISHOP JEBB.
Dodds, James. A Century of Scottish History, Svo.
"It displays much judgment and discrimination.”—Witness.
Dodgson, Charles, D.D., d. 1795, Bishop of Ossory,
1765; trans. to Elphin, 1775. Serms., 1761, '68.
Dodington, George Bubb, Lord Melcombe, 1691-
1762, a statesman of considerable notoriety in his day, is
best known by his Diary, 1749-61, pub. by Mr. H. P. Wynd-
ham, Lon., 1785, Svo; 1823.
"The Diary of Dodington, Lord Melcombe, must by no means
be neglected, for by its means we are allowed a slight glance into
the intrigues and cabals of the times. It is generally amusing,
and sometimes important."-Prof. Smyth's Lect. on Mod. Hist.
"An admirable picture of himself, and an instructive lesson for
future statesmen."-Edin. Review.
Dodington pub. some poetical and political pieces; see
Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors.
"Mr. Dodington has written some very pretty love-verses, which
have never been published."-LORD LYTTELTON: Note to an Eclogue
entitled Hope, inscribed to Dødington.
"All Dr. Doddridge's addresses to his fellow-sinners breathed at
once the ardour of piety, and the tenderness of benevolence, by
which that spirit, under the guidance of a sound and divinely
enlightened understanding, was ever animated."-DR. WARDLAW,
"Clearness of thought, unaffected learning, fidelity to the souls
of men, and deep and chastened devotion, characterize the sermons
of Dr. Doddridge."
"The Family Expositor is a very judicious work. It has long
been highly esteemed, and is worthy of all the credit it has among
religious people.”—DR. ADAM CLARKE,
65
In the critical part of the New Testament, I know of none bet-
ter than Hammond or Whitby; and for the harmony, commentary,
and short notes, Doddridge will prove most useful."-KNOWLES.
"It is unnecessary to speak its praise. Hervey thought he occa-
sionally leaned to the trimming side; but who is unexceptionable?
Perhaps there is more feebleness than positive trimming in his
doctrinal statement.”—Bickersteth's Christian Student.
The same writer thus refers to the Course of Lectures on
Pneumatology, Ethics, and Divinity, with Lectures on
Preaching:
"Much may be learned from this learned and devout writer: he
has many judicious criticisms on different authors; but there is a
tone of excessive candour, bordering upon Latitudinarianism, espe
cially in giving too great weight to objections, when treating upon
the Evidences and Doctrines. His criticisms on theological writers
in his preaching Lectures, not duly respecting Evangelical Doctrine,
fil in discrimination. See his Criticisms on Tillotson, Barrow,
Atterbury."-BICKERSTETH, ubi supra.
Sir James Stonehouse remarks, in his Correspondence,
that Doddridge's three Sermons on the Evidences of the
Gospel, and his Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul,
Dodington, J. Govt. of France, Lon., 1657.
Londini, Auno MDXCIII., Contra Catholicos et Puritanos,
Dodritius, J. Acta in Comitiis Parliamentaribus,
1593, Svo.
Dods, John Bovec, b. 1795, in the State of N. York.
2. Philosophy of Mesmerism.
1. Thirty Sermons, 8vo.
3. Philosophy of Electrical Psychology. 4. Immortality
Triumphant, &c. 5. Spirit Manifestations Examined and
Explained, N. Y., 1854.
"No one whose mind is given to an investigation of the matter,
should neglect the perusal of this volume. It is both curious and
instructive."-GEO. RIPLEY,
Dods, Mrs. Margaret. The Cook and Housewife's
Manual, 10th ed., Edin., 1853, 12mo.
"A valuable compendium of culinary knowledge.”—Edinburgh
Courant.
The book is really most excellent miscellaneous reading."-
Blackwood's Mogazine.
Dodsley, Robert, 1703-1764, a bookseller and author
of considerable note, a native of Mansfield, Nottingham-
shire, was an apprentice to a tradesman, and subsequently
a footman. In 1732 he pub, a volume of poems under the
title of The Muse in Livery, or the Footman's Miscellany.
His next essay in literature was a dramatic piece entitled
The Toy Shop, the MS. of which he sent to Pope for his
perusal and opinion. The great poet saw the merit of the
production, recommended the piece to Mr. Rich, the mana-
ger of Covent-garden Theatre, and became henceforth the
author's friend and patron. Dodsley now determined to
set up a bookstore, and his success proved that he had not
been too sanguine in his expectations. He soon gave to
the world two more dramatic pieces, The King and the
Miller of Mansfield, and The Blind Beggar of Bethnal
Green. In 1741 he commenced the Weekly Register, of
which 24 numbers were pub. A Select Collection of Old
Plays, edited by Thomas Coxeter, 1744, 12 vols. 12mo; 2d
ed., by Isaac Reed, 1780, 12-vols. cr. Svo. Many copies of
this ed. were destroyed by fire. A few copies, large paper,
were printed, which have been sold at very high prices.
New ed., with addit. Notes and Corrections by Isaac Reed,
O. Gilchrist, and the editor, J. P. COLLIER, (q. v.) 1825-27,
12 vols. cr. 8vo. This collection contains sixty of the best
and scarcest of the old English Plays, beginning with the
Moralities or Mysteries. Much valuable information is
interspersed throughout the volumes.
"We may here perceive how this noble generation of poets, some
of whose names are not familiar to us, have moulded our language
with the images of their fancy, and strengthened it by the stability
of their thoughts."-DISRAELI,
"No species of Fiction is so delightful as the Old English Drama;
even its inferior productions possess a charm not to be found in
any other kind of Poetry."-T. B. MACAULAY.
510
DOD
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|
The Preceptor, 1748, 2 vols. 8vo. This is a collection of
miscellaneous pieces. Dr. Johnson furnished the Preface,
and The Vision of Theodore the Hermit. Trifles, 1748;
A Collection of Dodsley's dramatic pieces. The Economy
of Human Life, 1751, 8vo; several eds. This excellent
moral work, written by Dodsley, was attributed to Lord
Chesterfield. Puh.'e Virtue, 1754, 8vo, by Dodsley. The
Annual Register, commenced in 1758 at the suggestion of
EDMUND BURKE, (q. v.) who had charge of it for some time.
It is still pub. In this year he produced at Covent-garden
Theatre his tragedy of Cleone, of which Johnson said that
"if Otway had written it, no other of his pieces would have
been remembered." Fables of Esop, &c., 1760. A Collec-
tion of Poems by several hands, 1763, 6 vols. 8vo. Fugi-
tive Pieces, 1765, 2 vols. 8vo. To the periodical entitled
The World, established by Dodsley and Moore, the former
contributed No. 32. Miscellanies; Cleone, Melpomene, &c.,
1772. Dodsley purchased of Johnson in 1738, London,
(his first original composition, pub. in a vol.) for ten guineas;
and in 1749 gave him fifteen guineas for The Vanity of
Human Wishes. Dodsley's Poems, which possess great
merit, are pub. in vol. xv. of Chalmers's Collection of the
Poets, and the reader will find interesting particulars con-
cerning him in the Biog. Brit., and in Boswell's Life of
Johnson.
Dodson, James. The Antilogarithmic Canon, 1742,
Mathemat. Repository, Lon., 1748-55, 3 vols. 12mo.
Dodson, Jeremiah. Serm., Lon., 1688, 4to.
Dodson, John, LL.D. Dalrymple Case, Lon., 1811,
8vo. Admiralty T. T. 1811 to E. T. 1822,
1815-28, 2 vols. 8vo. Dodson's reports were continued by
Dr. Haggard. Dodson's were a continuation of Edwards's.
Dodson, Joseph. Serms., Lon., 1720, '28.
Dodson, Michael, 1732-1799, an English lawyer.
New trans. of Isaiah, with Notes supplementary to those of
Dr. Lowth, &c., Lon., 1790, Svo.
fol.
"Dodson thought he discovered numerous and very considerable
mistakes and defects in Bishop Lowth's version."
See Orme's Bibl. Bib. and Horne's Bibl. Bib. for an ac-
count of the controversy connected with this work. Me-
moirs of Rev. H. Farmer. He pub. eds. of Sir M. Foster's
Trial of the Rebels, 1762, '76, 92, and his Life in 1811.
See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Dodson, Wm. Draining of the Great Level of the
Fen called Bedford Level, Lon., 1665, 4to.
Dodswell, Dr. Hydatides in Sheep, &c., 1778.
Dodsworth, Roger, 1585-1654, a learned and indus-
trious antiquary, wrote 122 folio vols. (never pub.) which,
with 40 more collected by him, are now in the Bodleian
Library. See Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib. 22. He
designed using some of these materials in a History of the
Antiquities of Yorkshire, but the project was not completed.
He was the coadjutor of SIR WILLIAM DUGDALE (q. v.) in
the Monasticon Anglicanum, Lon., 1655, '61, '71, 3 vols. fol.
"He was a man of wonderful industry, but less judgment;
always collecting and transcribing, but never published any
thing."-WOOD.
Mr. Gough says that in the first part of this description
Wood draws his own character. See Gough's Topography,
vol. i.; Archæol. vol. i.
Dodwell, Col. Edward. Classical and Topographi-
cal Tour through Greece, 1801, '05, '06, Lon., 1818, 2 vols.
4to. 70 Plates. Pub. at £10 108.
allegiance to William and Mary. He was a man of great
learning and remarkable industry. Of his many publica-
tions we notice the following: Two Letters of Advice,
Dubl., 1672, 8vo. Separation of Churches from Episcopal
Govt. proved Schismatical, Lon., 1679, 4to. Reply to Rd.
Baxter's pretended Confutation of the above, &c., 1651,
8vo. Dissertationes Cyprianicæ, 1682, fol. This is gene-
rally appended to Bp. Fell's ed. of St. Cyprian, Oxf., 16$4,
8vo. Discourse concerning the one Altar and the one
Priesthood, insisted upon by the Ancients in their argu-
ments against Schism, Lon., 1683, 8vo. De Jure Laicorum,
&c., 1686, 8vo. Prælectiones Academicæ in Schola His-
torices Camdeniana, Oxf., 1892, 8vo.
|
"Highly serviceable to all such as shall hereafter engage in these
studies."-BP. NICOLSON.
Annales Velleiani, Qvintilianei, Statiani, Oxf., 1698, 8vo;
1708, 8vo; Lugd. Bat., 1719. Annales Thucydidei et Xeno-
phontei, &c., Synopsi Chronologica, Oxf., 1702, 4to.
cially (that of the Upper Empire) the most minute fact or passage
"Dodwell's learning was immense; in this part of history espe
could not escape him: and his skill in employing them is equal to
his learning. The worst of this author is his method and style;
the one perplexed beyond imagination, the other negligent to a
degree of barbarism.”—Gibbon's Miscellaneous Works.
De Veteribus Græcorum Romanorumque cyclis, &c., Oxf.,
1701, 4to. An Epistolary Discourse, proving, from the
Scriptures and first Fathers, that the Soul is a principle
naturally mortal, but immortalized actually by the pleasure
of God to punishment, or to reward, by its union with the
divine baptismal spirit. Wherein is proved that none have
the power of giving this immortalizing spirit since the
Apostles, but only the Bishops, Lon., 1706, 8vo.
1
Its absurdity is so evident, that only the character of Dodwell,
and the seriousness and labour with which he defended it. could
persuade us to think that he believed it himself. The work is very
curious, as a specimen of the torture to which a corrupted creed or
system is capable of putting the Scriptures. It contains some sin-
gular remarks on the scriptural distinction between soul and spirit
which is the foundation of his whole hypothesis.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
This work elicited several treatises in support of, and in
opposition to, Dodwell's sentiments. Among the writers
were John Broughton, D.D., H. Layton, W. Coward, M.D.,
F. Gregory, Saml. Bold, Danl. Whitby, Jos. Pitts, Edmund
Chishull, Thomas Mills, and Dr. Samuel Clarke. The last
named was the most distinguished of the opponents. Dod-
well believed that all who were not circumcised under the
law, and all who are not baptized under the gospel, are
condemned to annihilation or to eternal sleep. Joseph
Hallett held the same opinion. See Dodwell's Life, with
that are published, and of several of his MSS. by Francis
an Account of his Works, and an Abridgment of them
Brokesby, 1715. 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1723, 2 vols. 8vo.
rister, was skeptical in his opinions, and pub. in 1742 a
Dodwell, Henry, eldest son of the preceding, a bar-
tract entitled Christianity not founded in Argument. It
was answered by Doddridge, Leland, and the author's bro-
ther William.
Dodsworth, Wm. Cathedral of Salisbury, 1792.
Hist. Acct. of the Church of Sarum, &c., 1814, r. 4to.
Dodsworth, Wm. Discourses on the Lord's Supper,
1835, 12mo; 3d ed., 1841, 12mo. The Church of England;
a Protest against Romanism and Dissent, 1836, 18mo.
Why have you become a Romanist? a Letter to Mr. Sib-in
thorp, 2d ed., 1842, Svo. We suppose that Mr. Sibthorp's
answer was not satisfactory, as Mr. Dodsworth has followed
him to Rome to see for himself. Priest's Companion; new
ed., 1846, 12mo. Signs of the Times, 1849, 12mo. Angli-
canism considered in its Results, 1851, 12mo. Comments
on Dr. Pusey's Letter to the Bp. of London, 2d ed., 1851,
8vo. Further Comments, 1851, Svo. Other works.
6. By far the best work on Greece."-DR. E. D. CLARKE.
"This work displays great research, aided and directed by much
preparatory knowledge, and a sound judgment and good taste."-
Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
Thirty Views in Greece, 1821, r. fol., pub. at £18 188.
Cyclopian or Pelasgic Remains in Greece and Italy, 131
drawings, 1834, imp. fol. Pub. at £6 168. 6d.
Dodwell, Henry, 1641-1711, was educated at Trinity
College, Dublin, of which city he was a native. In 1674
he adopted London as his residence, and in 1688 was elected
Camden Professor of History at Oxford. He lost this post
iz 1691, in consequence of his refusal to take the oaths of
Dodwell, Wm., 1709-1785, younger brother of the
preceding, became Rector of Shottesbrooke, Vicar of Buck-
lersbury, Prebendary of Salisbury, and Archdeacon of
Berks. He pub. many serms. and theolog. treatises, 1743–
67. Serm. on a Rational Faith, 1745, Svo. This is an
answer to his brother HENRY'S (q. r.) Christianity not
founded on Argument. Practical Discourses, 1784-89, 2
vols. Svo. Free Auswer to Dr. Middleton's Inquiry into
the Miraculous Powers of the Primitive Church, 1749, Svo.
The Sick Man's Companion, or the Clergyman's Assistant
Visiting the Sick, 1767, Svo. This and Paley's work
are recommended to candidates for holy orders by Bishop
Van Mildert. The Athanasian Creed vindicated and ex-
plained in three Charges, Oxf., 1802, sm. Svo.
The
Doe, Charles. Works of Grace, Lon., Svo.
Dogget, Thomas, an actor and author, d. 1721.
Country Wake, a Comedy, 1696, 4to. Altered into a Ballad
Farce, under the title of Flora, or Hob in the Well.
Dogherty, Mrs. Ronaldsha, 1808, 3 vols. Castle of
Walforth and Monteagle, 1812, 4 vols.
Dogherty, Hugh. The Discovery, 1807, 12mo.
Dogherty, Thomas, d. 1805. The Crown Circuit
Assist., Lon., 1787, Svo; Supplet., 1787, '90. Svo. New ed.
of Sir Matt. Hale's Historia Placitorum Coronæ; the Hist
of the Pleas of the Crown, 1800, 2 vols. r. Svo.
Savage State; addressed to the late Lord Kames, Lon.,
Doig, David, d. 1800, aged 81. Two Letters on the
Dissert. on the Ancient
Hellenes, in Trans. Roy. Soc., 1794.
1792, 12mo. Poem, 1796, 4to.
¡
the able article on Philology in the 7th ed. Encyc. Brit.
Doig, David. To this gentleman we are indebted for
"A production evincing uncommon learning, research, and in
genuity."-Bath Herald.
511
DOL
DON.
Dolben, John, 1625-1686, educated at Christ Church,
Oxford; Prebendary of St. Paul's, 1661; Bishop of Ro-
chester, 1666; Archbishop of York, 1683.
He was not very careful to print his sermons, which much de-
serve to be printed."-Athen. Oxon.
We know of only three that were pub., viz.: two in 1665;
and one in 1666, all in 4to.
Dolben, Sir John, D.D., Prebend of Durham. Con-
ci ad Clerum, on Heb. xii. 1, 1726, 4to.
Dolby, Richard. The Cook's Dictionary and House-
keeper's Directory, Lon., p. 8vo.
"It appears to contain all that the veriest gourmand in Christen-
dom would sigh for, in a life like Methusalem's, with a throat a
yard long, and palate all the way."-Lon. Lady's Mag.
Dolby, Thomas. The Shaksperian Dictionary, Lon.,
1832. Svo and 12mo. An excellent book.
Doleman, John. Trans. of the Questions of Cicero,
1521, 8vo.
Doleman, Nic. or Robert. See PARSONS, ROBERT.
Doler, Sir Daniel. Charges to Grand Juries, Lon.,
1625, '26.
Dolland. See DOLLOND.
Dollman, Francis T. Exiles of Ancient Pulpits
existing in England, Lon., 1849, r. 4to; 30 plates, three of
which are highly finished in colours, restcred accurately
from the existing indications.
Dollond, John, 1706–1761, the discoverer of the laws
of the dispersion of light, and the inventor of the achro-
matic telescope. He pub. a number of papers on telescopes,
&c. in Phil. Trans., 1753, '58.
Dollond, Peter, 1730-1820, son of the preceding.
Account of the Discovery made by John Dollond, &c., Lon.,
1789, 4to. Con. to Phil. Trans. on Light, &c., 1772, '79, '95.
Dolman, Nic. or Robert. See PARSONS, ROBERT.
Domekins, George Peter. Philosophiæ Mathe-
maticæ Newtonianæ Illustratæ, Ln, 1730, 2 vols. 8vo.
Domerham, Adam de. Historica de Rebus Gestis
Glastoniensibus, Edit. Th. Henrie, Oxon., 1727, 2 vols. 8vo.
Domelt, Philobeth. Serm., 1741, Svo.
Domier, Wm., M.D. Observ. on Malta as a place for
invalids, Lon., 1810, 8vo.
Dominicet, R., M.D. Water Baths, &c., Lon., 1780,
8vo. Medical Anecdotes of the last 30 years, illustrated
with Medical Truths, 1781, 8vo. Ampthill Medicine Baths,
1788, Svo.
Dominick, Andrew, D.D. Serm., 1662, 4to.
Don, David. Prodromus Floræ Nepalensis; Plants
in Nepal and adjacent Countries, 1825, 12mo. This work
contains systematical descriptions in Latin of 371 genera
and 864 species of plants. At the end is an Index, with
reference to the Linnæan classes and orders.
An exceedingly useful work.”—News of Literature and Fashion.
Don, George. System of Gardening and Botany,
Lon., 1831-38, 4 vols. r. 4to, pp. 3250; many illustrations.
This invaluable work, founded on Miller's Gardener's Dic-
tionary, although pub. at £14 S8. per copy, and costing in
paper and print alone upwards of £8, can now be had for
about thirty shillings. The excellence of the work need
not be enlarged upon. Every one who has a garden or
field should have Don's Dictionary.
Don, James. Hortus Cantabrigiensis; 13th ed. by
P. N. Don, Lon., Svo. This edition includes the additions
and improvements of the former editors, Pursh, Lindley,
and Sinclair.
Donald, James. Land Drainage, &c., Lon., 1851,12mo.
"A most valuable addition to the former treatises on draining:
the author shows a true practice, and a large comprehension."-
Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Donald, Robert. New System of National and
Practical Agriculture, Guilford, 1822, 12mo. Written in
hexameter verse! Other pieces are included.
"The poetry is nothing, but the practical ideas perfectly sound
and correct."—Ubi supra.
Donaldson. Pick tooth for Swearers, or a Locking-
glass for Atheists and Prophane Persons, Edin., 1698, 12mo.
In verse.
Donaldson, James. Modern Agriculture, Edin.,
1793-96, vols. 8vo. Other agricult. works.
6
•A
He treats the subjects that come under his view in a very judi-
cious and enlightened manner."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog., q. v.
Donaldson, John, 1737-1801, an artist, a native of
Edinburgh. Elements of Beauty, &c., Edin., 1780, 8vo.
Vol. of Poems.
Donaldson, John. Works on Politica: Economy,
&c., 1790-96.
|
Donaldson, Professor John, an eminent agricul-
turist. Treatise on Manures and Grasses, Lon., 1842, Svoj
2d ed., 1846, Svo.
66
By far the best treatise on manures that has appeared.”—Lou-
don's Gardener's Mag., April, 1842.
Cultivated Plants of the Farm, 1847, 12mo. The Ene-
mies to Agriculture, 1848, 12mo. Land Steward and Farm
Bailiff, 1848, Svo. Bayldon's Art of Valuing Rents and
Tillages; 5th ed. rewritten and enlarged by J. Donaldson.
Rewritten by one of the best practical agriculturists in the
country."-Gardener's Mag.
This work should be read by every one having an interest
in the soil, whether as landlord, tenant, or agent."-Mark Lane
Express.
.
Improved Farm Buildings, with 72 designs, 1851, 4to.
Clay Lands and Loamy Soils, 1852, 12mo. Soils and Ma-
nures, 1852, 12mo. Agricultural Biography, 1480-1854,
This excellent work includes the lists of
Lon., 1854, Svo.
Weston and Loudon, and contains other works not known
to them. We have frequently had occasion to quote it in
the present volume, and are pleased to acknowledge our
obligations.
Hebrew Grammars, and others educational and classical
Donaldson, Rev. John Wm. Latin, Groek, and
works, Lon., 1839-53.
Donaldson, Joseph. Recollections of a Soldier,
Edin., 12mo.
"We cordially recommend the work."-Scottish Guardian.
Donaldson, T. L.
T. L. Works on Architecture, 1833-47.
Donaldson, Thomas. Serm., 1734, 8vo.
Donaldson, Thomas. Poems, 1809, Svo.
Donaldson, Walter, a native of Aberdeen, of the
17th century. Synopsis Moralis Philosophiæ, 1604, 8vo;
Franc., 1622, 12mo. Synopsis Locorum communium, &c.,
Franc., 1612. Synopsis Economica, Paris, 1620.
Donaldson, Wm. Agriculture considered as a Moral
and Political Duty, in Letters to his Majesty, 1775, 8vo.
6
The letters are wholly retrospective and argumentative, and
bring forward no new plan of comprehension, nor make any sug
gestion of importance."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Donat, Mrs., and Mrs. Hudson. Cookery, 1804,Svo.
and Archdeacon of Bedford. Serms., Lon., 1786, 8vo.
Done, Wm. Stafford, D.D., Prebendary of Lincoln,
Dongworth, Richard. Serm., Lon., 1708, 4to.
Donkin, Major. Military Collections and Remarks,
N. York, 1777, Svo.
* Published for the benefit of the Children and Widows of the
valiant soldiers inhumanly and wantonly butchered, when peace-
ably marching to and from Concord, April 19, 1775, by the Rebels."
-Introduction.
"This work contains several anecdotes, &c., relative to the War
of Independence.”—Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova.
A volume of great rarity.
works pub. by his brother, Benjamin Donn.
Donn, Abraham, of Bidford, 1718-1746. Mathemɛt.
works pub. by his brother, Benjamin Donn.
Donu, Benjamin, of Bidford, 1729-1798, brother of
the preceding. Mathemat. Essays, 1758, 8vo. Map of
Devon and Exeter, Lon., 1765, fol. Other works, 1766-74.
Donn, James. See Dox.
Donne, John, 1573–1631, an eminent divine and poet,
was a native of London, and educated in the principles of
the Church of Rome, of which his parents were devoted
adherents. He studied both at Oxford and Cambridge,
and distinguished himself greatly by his remarkable pro-
ficiency. In his 19th year he subjected the respective
claims of the Church of England and that of Rome to a
careful examination, which resulted in his embracing the
communion of the former. He pursued for some time the
father, he determined to follow his taste, and devote him-
study of the law, but upon inheriting some £3000 from his
self to literary pursuits. Having the good fortune to secure
the post secretary to Chancellor Ellesmere, he
gained the affections of his lady's niece, a daughter of Sir
Donaldson, James. Tilling and Manuring the George Moore, Lieutenant of the Tower, and a private mar-
Ground in Scotland, Edin.,1697,12mo. Husbandry Anatom-riage was the result. Great was the indignation of the
ized, Lon., 1697, 12mo. Highly commended by Scotch
stern father, and the young bridegroom lost his situation,
agricultural writers.
and was actually for a time imprisoned in the Tower.
Donne, B. The use of Georganon.
Donne, Benj. English History, 1812, 18mo.
Donne, Daniel. Serms., 1623.
When 42 years of age, at the urgent solicitation of King
James I., he was ordained, and soon became so famous as
an eloquent preacher, that he had the offer of 14 different
livings within the first year of his ministry. In 1621 he
was appointed Dean of St. Paul's. He enjoyed great repu-
tation as a poet, being placed at the head of the Metaphy.
sical School; and after long neglect has received some
attention within the last few years; but his poetry is not
of a character calculated to gain extensive popularity. He
512
DON
DOR
1
<xcelled in complimentary addresses, epigrams, satires,
elegies, and poems of a theological character.
Among his most remarkable productions are: Pseudo-
Martyr, Lon., 1610, 4to. Polydoron, 1631, 12mo. Juve-
nilia; or Paradoxes and Problems, 1633, 4to. A Paradox
or Thesis on Self-homicide, 1644, 4to. Paradoxes, Fro-
blems, Essays, and Characters, 1652, 8vo. His sermons,
which, perhaps, have been more generally admired than
his lighter works, were pub. in 3 vols. fol., 1640, '49, '60.
They are now very rare, especially the 3d vol. A collec-
tive edit. of his poems, including Elegies on the author's
death, was pub. in 1633, 4to; 1635, 39, '51, '69, 12mo; with
ace Account of the Author, 1719, 12mo. A new ed. of
e Works, including his Sermons, Devotions, Poems, Let-
ters, &c., with a new Memoir by the Rev. Henry Alford,
was pub. in 1839, in 6 vols. Svo, Oxford. We presume that
this edition was suggested by the following query in the
London Quarterly:
"We cannot. in passing, forbear repeating Mr. Coleridge's ques-
tion, (Table Talk, p. 88, 2d edit.,) Why are not Donne's volumes of
sermons reprinted at Oxford? Surely the character of some of his
juvenile poems cannot be the reason!"... Why does Oxford allow
one hundred and thirty sermons of the greatest preacher, at least,
of the seventeenth century-the admired of all hearers-to remain
all but totally unknown to the student in divinity of the Church
of England, and to the literary world in general?"-lix. 6, 1837.
The reader should peruse Izaak Walton's Life of Donne:
his description of him as a preacher is truly eloquent:
"A preacher in earnest; weeping sometimes for his auditory.
sometimes with them; always preaching to himself like an Angel
from a cloud, but in none; carrying some. as St. Paul was, to hea-
ven in holy raptures; and enticing others by a sacred art and
courtship to amend their lives; here picturing a vice so as to make
it ugly to those that practised it, and a virtue so as to make it be-
loved even by those who loved it not; and all this with a most
particular grace and an inexpressible addition of comeliness."
Dryden calls Donne
•
"The greatest wit, though not the greatest poet, of our nation."
See Biog. Brit.; Walton's Life by Zouch; Drake's Shak-
speare and his Times; Retrosp. Rev., viii. 31, 1823.
Donne, John, LL.D., son of the preceding. The
Humble Petition of Covent Garden against Dr. John Ba-
ber, a physician, 1662. Dr. John Donne, Jr., does not
seem to have maintained the family honours:
He was no better all his lifetime than an atheistical buffoon,
a banterer, and a person of over-free thoughts."-WOOD.
Donne, William Bodham.
1. Essays on the
Drama, Lon., 1857, p. Svo. 2. School History of Rome,
1857.
Donnegan, James, M.D. Greek-and-English Lexi-
con, Lon., 1826, Svo; 4th ed., 1842, Svo; 1846.
.<
An important acquisition to such of our countrymen as are
desirous of gaining a knowledge of the Greek language.”—DR.
MALTBY, Bishop of Durham.
Donnel, J. A., M.D. Hydrophobia, 1813, Svo.
Donoghue. Poems, 1797, '99.
Donoughmore, Earl of. See HUTCHINSON, RICH-
ARD H.
Donovan, Edward. Works on British Natural Hist.,
viz.: Insects, 16 vols.; Birds, 10 vols.; Shells, 5 vols.;
Fishes, 5 vols.; Quadrupeds, 3 vols.; together 39 vols. Svo,
pub. at £6 68. 9d. Nat. Hist. of the Insects of China;
new ed. by J. O. Westwood, 1842, 4to, pub. at £6 68. Nat.
Hist of the Insects of India, by J. O. Westwood, 1842, 4to.
“Donovan's works on the Insects of India and China are splen-
didly illustrated, and extremely useful.”—Naturalist.
"A great number of species are here delineated for the first
time."-SWAINSON.
Instructions for preserving Natural Subjects. Descrip-
tive Excursions through South Wales and Monmouthshire,
1805, 2 vols. 8vo.
Donovan, Patrick. Discursus, &c. S. Patricii Iber-
norum Apostoli, Duaci, 1617, 12mo.
Donnelly, R. Chancery Cases, 1837, 8vo.
Doolittle, Mark, a lawyer, was born in Massachu-
setts in 1781, graduated at Yale College, 1804. Agricul-
tural Address, 1826, 26 pp. 8vo. Temperance a Source of
National Wealth, pp. 13, 8vo. Hist. of the Congregational
Church of Belchertown, Mass., 282 pp. 12mo.
Doolittle, Samuel, d. 1717. Serms., &c., 1692, '93.
Doolittle, Thomas, 1630-1707, an eminent Non-
33
Conformist divine, pub. a number of theolog. works, 1665
-98. The Complete Body of Practical Divinity, 1723, fol.
"I am willing this should be a fire-kindler for you and put you
in the way to set conscience about its work when you come to that
application with which your sermons are still to be enlivened."
COTTON MAther.
Dopping, Dr., Bishop of Meath, Ireland. Moduste-
nendi Parliamentum in Hibernia, Dubl., 1692, 12mo; 1722,
8vo. Funl. Serm. on the Death of the Archbp. of Dublin.
1694, 4to.
Dorney. Certain Speeches, 1653.
Dorney, Henry. Divine Contemplations, 1684, Sro.
Dorney, John. Siege of Gloucester, 1643, 4to.
Dornford, J. Hist. and Polit. works, 1785–90.
Dornford, Robert. Gospel Light, 1652, 12mo.
Dorr, Benjamin, D.D., b. 1796, in Massachusetts,
grad. at Dartmouth Coll., 1817; ordained Deacon by Bp.
Churches of Lansingburg and Waterford, N. Y., 1820–29 ;
Hobart, 1820, and Priest, 1823: Rector of the United
Rector of Trinity Church, Utica, N. Y., 1829-35; succeeded
Rt. Rev. Bishop White in Christ Church, Phil., 1837; reed.
"A work of high and various merit."-Lon. Annual Review.
Mr. D. was so fortunate as to be able to add to his valuable
collection that of E. M. DA COSTA, q. v.
Naturalist's Repository of Exotic History, 5 vols. r. Svo, honorary degree D.D. from Univ. of Penn.. 1838; elected
pub. at £10 10s. Other works.
Bishop of Maryland, 1839, but declined accepting the office.
Hist. Pocket Prayer Book, written by itself, 16mo. Church-
man's Manual, 12mo. Recognition of Friends in Another
World, 32mo. History of Christ Church, Phila., 12mo, pp.
430. Sunday School Teacher's Encouragement, 32mo, pp.
52. Prophecies and Types, 12mo, pp. 72. Invitation to
the Holy Communion, 16mo, pp. 144. Travels in the
East, 1856, 12mo.
Donovan, John. Scorbutic Diseases, &c., Sro.
Donovan, Michael. Treatise on Chemistry, 4th ed.,
1845, 2 vols. 12mo.
"The best existing compendium of chemical knowledge.”—Edin.
E. Courant.
<<
2.
Doran, John, LL.D., b. 1807, in London,-family
originally of Drogheda, in Ireland. He was educated
chiefly by his father. His literary bent was manifested at
the age of 15, when he produced the melodrama of (1) the
Wandering Jew," which was first played at the Surrey
Theatre in 1822 for Tom Blanchard's benefit. His early
years were spent in France. He was successively private
tutor in four of the noblest families in Great Britain.
History of the Borough and Castle of Reading, Berks,
1832. This work obtained for him the degree of M.A.,
and subsequently LL.D., by the University of Marbury.
3. Anthon's Xenophon's Anabasis, with Notes, 1846. 4.
Life of Dr. Young; which is prefixed to Tegg's valuable
edition of that poet's works. 5. In connexion with Mrs.
Romer, Filia Dolorosa, 1853. Although Mrs. R.'s name
appears on the title-page, she had written but a few pages
when she was attacked by a fatal illness: the work was
chiefly written by Dr. Doran. 6. Table Traits and Some-
thing on them. 7. Habits and Men. 8. Knights and their
Days. 9. Queens of England of the House of Hanover.
10. Monarchs retired from Business. 11. History of Court
Fools.
"Any thing more quaint, subtle, and surprising than Dr. Doran's
tale of the origin of court fools is scarcely to be found in the pages
of the greatest and most genial humourists."-Lm. Athen.
The above works, Nos. 6-11, have passed through
various edits. and have been reprinted in the U.S. Edited
a weekly paper for nearly eleven years, and Bentley's
Ballads, to which he contributed some original pieces; also
largely, in prose and verse, to various periodicals.
Last Journals of Horace Walpole, 1772-1782. Contrib.
Dorcaster, Nicholas. The Confession of the Ba-
nished Ministers, Wyttonburge, 1554. 16mo.
Dore, James. Serms., &c., 1786-1806.
Dorislaus, Jo. J. C. Prælium Nuportanum, Lon.,
1640, 4to.
Dorman. Sir Roger de Coverley, 1740, Sro.
"A wretched play."-Biog. Dramat.
Dorman, Thomas, a R. Catholic writer, d. 1572–77?
pub. several controversial tracts, 1564, 65, '67. See Athen.
Oxon.
Dorman, or Dormer, Wm. 12 Serms. preached at
the Rolls Chapel, Lon., 1743, sm. Svo.
Dormer, John, è Soc. Jes. Usury Explained; or
Conscience quieted in the Case of putting out Money to
Interest, anon., Lon., 1696, Svo.
Dornan, Robert. Emancipation; a Poem, Lon.,
1814, Svo,
"Dr. Dorr's works have had an extensive circulation among
churchmen in the United States, and have been republished in
England and the British Provinces."
Dorr, Julia C. R., b. 1825, at Charleston, South Caro-
lina, the daughter of Mr. Wm. Y. Ripley, and wife of Mr.
Seneca M. Dorr, has resided since her marriage at Chatham
Four Corners, Columbia county, New York.
She com-
menced publication in 1848, and since then has contributed
many prose and poetical articles to the periodicals of the
day. Her writings have been much admired.
Dorrel, Hadrian. Willobie his Avisa, or the true
513
•
DOR
DOU
Picture of a modest Maide, and of a chast and constant physician of Philadelphia. Elements of Surgery, 1813, 2 vols.
Wife, Lon., 1609, 4to.
Con. to periodicals.
Svo. Cooper's Surgery, with Notes.
See Thacher's Amer. Med. Biog.
Dorrell, John. See DARRELL.
Dorrington, Theop.
Reformed Devotions, Lon.,
1687, 8vo; 1701 Family Devotions, 3d ed., 1703, 4 vols.
8vo. Other works.
Dorset. Essay on Defensive War. Philosophic Venus.
Condolence; an Elegiac Poem.
Dorset, Mrs. Peacock at Home and other Poems, 1809.
Dorset and Pembroke, Anne, Countess of
See CLIFFORD.
Dorset, Charles Sackville, Earl of, 1637-1706,
was a great favourite with the wits of the day. He wrote
a few satires and songs, which possess considerable merit.
His most celebrated piece was a Song written at Sea dur-
ing the Dutch war, 1665, the Night before an Engagement,
"To all you Ladies now on land," &c.
"I would instance your lordship in satire, and Shakspeare in
tragedy."-Dryden to Dorset.
There is a lustre in his verses like that of the sun in Claude
Lorraine's landscapes."-PRIOR.
His poems will be found in Johnson's Collection.
"He was a man whose elegance and judgment were universally
confessed, and whose bounty to the learned and witty was generally
known."-Life by Dr. Johnsøn.
k
Dorset, Charles Sackville, Duke of, 1711–1769,
pub. a number of prose and poetical compositions, a list
of which will be found in Park's Walpole's R. and N. Au-
thors.
Dorset, Edward Sackville, Earl of, 1590-1652.
Speeches, 1620, '42, '43, '44.
Si
A person of acute parts, who had a great command of his pen,
and was of able elocution.”—WOOD.
"His wit was pleasant, sparkling, and sublime."-LORD CLAREN-
DON.
Dorsey, W. Ejectment in Maryland, with Notes and
References to the Present Time, by R. W. Gill, 1841.
Dorville. Pauline, 1794, 2 vols. 12mo.
Dossie, Robert. Works on Chemistry, Surgery,
&c., Lon., 1758-70. Memoirs of Agriculture, &c., 1768-82,
3 vols. Svo: commended by Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Doubleday. Con. to Med. Obs. and Ing., 1778.
Doubleday, Edward, 1810-1849. 1. Nomenclature
of British Birds, Lon., p. Svo. 2. Genera of Diurnal Lepi-
doptera, 40 parts imp. 4to; 80 coloured plates: commended
by Lon. Eclec. Rev.
Doubleday, Thomas. True Law of Population,
Lon., Svo; 3d ed., 1853. Financial and Monetary History,
16SS-1847, Svo, 1847.
The same eminent authority conceives the Induction to
the Mirrour for Magistrates to have been the model of
Speaser in the representation of allegorical personages.
and he remarks that The Complaint of Henry, Duke of
Buckingham, is written
“A very able, painstaking, and useful exposition of the origin,
progress. and evil consequences resulting from our funding sys
tem."-Lon. Allas.
Other works.
Douce, Francis, 1757-1834, an antiquary of great
learning, "The Porson of old English and French Litera-
ture," was for some time keeper of the MSS. in the British
Museum. Mr. Nollekens, the sculptor, left him a large
legacy, which placed him in very comfortable circum-
stances, though it does not seem to have softened his irri-
table temper.
"With a force and even elegance of expression, a copiousness of
phraseology, and an exactness of versification, not to be found in
any other part of the collection."
Lord Buckhurst's Poetical Works were reprinted in 1820.
A Latin Epistle of his lordship's will be found prefixed to
Bartholomew Clerke's Latin trans. of Castiglione's Courtier.
"Gorboduc is full of stately speeches and well-sounding phrases,
clyming to the height of Seneca his style, and as full of notable
moralitie, which it doth most delightfully teach, and so obtayne
the very end of poesie.”—Sir Philip Sidney's Defence of Poesie.
"In his graver years, the brilliancy of his imagination grew more
correct, not less abundant."-Hor. Walpole's R. and N. Authors.q.v.
See Collins's Peerage by Brydges; Biog. Brit.; Brit.
Bibliog. Athen. Oxon.; Puttenham's Art of Poetry.
Dorsey, Clement. Test Law of Maryland, Balt.,
1838, Svo. Statutory, &c. Law, 1692-1839, 3 vols. 8vo.
Dorsey, John L. Insolvency. Balt., 1832, 8vo.
Dorsey, John Syng, M.D., 1783-1818, an eminent
"Nullius addictus jurare in verba magistri,'seemed, of all others,
to be the motto by which he was guided-the pivot upon which bis
intellectual machinery turned. This necessarily at times led him
into errors, if not into scrapes. He would neither bend nor bow
to any man breathing.”—Dibdin's Reminiscences.
Dorset, Richard Sackville, Earl of, d. 1677,wrote
a poetical address to the Memory of Ben Jonson.
Dorset, Thomas Sackville, Earl of, and Lord
Buckhurst, 1536-1608, was not more distinguished for
bis high official position-Lord High Treasurer of England
--than for the excellence of his poetical compositions. We
have already referred to his masterpiece, The Induction
to the Mirrour for Magistrates, (see BALDWIN, WILLIAM,)
and he wrote two pieces of considerable length in this cele-
brated collection. Warton Sackville the merit of
being the primary inventor of the design, but Haslewood
confers it upon Baldwin. See authorities referred to in
See authorities referred to in
article BALDWIN, WILLIAM. Sackville is the author, or
joint-author with Thomas Norton, of the first tragedy of
any consideration in the English language: Ferrer and
Porrex, commonly called Gorboduc, 1565, 4to. Warton
questions Norton's claim to any share in the authorship,
but the three first acts are attributed to him. Gorboduc is
in five acts, and in regular blank verse, though Wood tells
us that it is written in "old English rhyme!"—so much
had it become neglected. Pope determined to revive it,
and Spence aided the design by acting as editor, and a new
edit. was pub. in 1736, 8vo. Warton considers the plot to
be "naked and uninteresting," but remarks:
"Yet it must be granted that the language of Gorboduc has great
purity and perspicuity; and that it is entirely free from that tumid
phraseology which does not seem to have taken place till play-writ
ing had become a trade, and our poets found it their interest to
captivate the multitude by the false sublime, and by those exag-
gerated imageries and pedantic metaphors which are the blemishes
of the scenes of Shakspeare. and which are at this day mistaken
for his capital beauties by too many readers. Here also we have
another and a strongest reason why this play was never popular."
--History of English Poetry.
He is introduced in the BIBLIOMANIA under the name of
PROSPERO, and many references to him and his valuable
library will be found in the two works just named, and also
in The Bibliographical Decameron. An interesting obituary
notice by Wm. Weller Singer will be found in the Gent.
Mag. for Aug., 1834. In addition to the two works pub.
under his own name, Mr. Douce contributed largely to
many works pub. by others, and a number of papers to the
Archæologia and to the Gent. Mag.
He left a large collection of valuable MSS., which—in
consequence of a hostile review of his Illustrations of
Shakspeare in the Edin. Review-he ordered to be kept in
a sealed box in the British Museum until January 1, 1900,
when they are to be brought to light.
The Illustrations of Shakspeare and of Ancient Man-
ners, with Dissertations on the Clowns and Fools of Shak-
speare, on the collection of popular tales entitled Gesta Ro-
manorum, and on the English Morris Dance, was first pub.
in 1807, 2 vols. 8vo; new ed., 1839, Svo. The engravings
are by Jackson.
"This petty sort of antiquarianism probably is not the object of
any one who takes up the volumes of Shakspeare; and the scanty
elucidation which the poet now and then receives makes us but
poor amends for the quantity of trash which is obtruded upon us,
with or without the apology of a difficulty. One great evil of this
Of
is the encouragement of pedantry and laborious trifling. . . .
these merciless annotators, however, some are more intolerable
than others. . . . Mr. Douce, we suppose is as good as any of them.
Yet we think him, upon the whole, very feeble and very dull; and
must set down his book among those which it is impossible to pe-
ruse without feelings of compassion for the incredible labour which
has been expended with so little return either of instruction or
amusement. We shall give a few specimens both of what appears
trifling and foolish, and of what is curious and new, in these vo-
lumes."-Edin. Rev., 1808, xii. 469.
...
"I look upon this work as a sort of Hortus Shaksperianus. from
which fruit of every hue and flavour may be safely pluckt and
eaten. The research and learning bestowed upon it are immense.
I once attempted, during the Horæ Subsecive of a watering-place,
to make a catalogue of the authors consulted in it; but my cou-
rage or patience failed. My own copy, smartly bound antique-wise
by poor George Faulkener, was presented to a young and intelli-
gent Frenchman, who was perfectly SHAKSPEARE-MAD, and who
devoured its pages with the voracity of an alderman over a Ja
maica turtle."-DIRDIN: Library Companion.
"In the criticisms which have been passed upon Mr. Douce's Illus
trations of Shakspeare and Ancient Manners, it has not, I think,been
generally noticed that this work is distinguished for the singular
diffidence and urbanity of criticism. as well as depth of learning
which it evinces, and for the happy illustrations of the subjects
discussed by means of fuc simile wood-cuts.”—Bibliomania.
Mr. Douce's Dissertation on the Dance of Death, accom-
panied with fifty-four engravings on wood, pub. by Pick-
ering, 1833, 8vo, should be carefully perused by all whc
take an interest in the works of Hans Holbein, Macaber,
&c. In this vol. will be found an ample list of all the
Paintings of the Dance of Death.
Jackson, in speaking of the original edition, (Lyons,
1538,) remarks:
"So admirably are these cuts executed-with so much feeling
and with so perfect a knowledge of the capabilities of the art-thai
514
DOU
DOU
I do not think any wood engraver of the present day is capable of
surpassing them. The manner in which they are engraved is com-
paratively simple; there is no display of fine work merely to show
the artist's talent in cutting delicate lines. Every line is expres-
sive; and the end is always obtained by the simplest means.'
**
"Holbein's Dance of Death is unquestionably a masterpiece."
PAPILLON.
Douch, John. England's Jubilee; a Serm., 1660, 4to.
Doudy, Samuel. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1696.
Douespe, E. P. de la. Serm., 1777, 4to.
Dougall, John, d. 1822. Mod. Preceptor,&c.,1810,'13.
Dougall, Wm. Con. to Med. Comm., 1785.
Doughty. Charity Serm., 1742, 8vo.
Doughty, Gregory. Serm., Camb., 1724, 4to.
Doughty,John, 1598?-1672, Rector of Cheam, Surrey,
and Prebendary of Westminster. He pub. some serms.
and theolog. works, the best-known of which is Analecta
Sacra, &c., Lon., 1658, Svo, 1660, which has often been
reprinted on the Continent.
Doughty endeavours to illustrate various parts of the Old and
New Testament by the manners and customs of the ancient Gen
tiles. He was well acquainted with them; but is more successful
in elucidating the Old than the New Covenant Scriptures.”—Orme’3
Bibl. Bib.
Doughty, John. Serms., Lon., 1744, '52, '61.
Doughty, Thomas. Serms., 1728, '38.
Douglas. Botanical papers in Trans. Hortic. Soc., &c.
Douglas, Dr. Con. to Med. Obs. and Ing., 1778.
Douglas, Mrs. Life of Prof. Gellert, &c., 1803.
Douglas, Rev. Mr. Edwin, a Trag., 1784, 8vo.
Douglas, Alex. Poems. Cuper Fife, 1806. Svo.
Douglas, Andrew, M.D. Profes. treatises, 1785, 89.
Douglas, Archibald, M.D. Profes. treatises, 1758, '84.
Douglas, Charles. The Sea, Phil. Trans., 1770.
Douglas, Charles A., M.D. Profes. treatises in Ed.
Med. Ess., 1738.
Douglas, David. De Naturæ Mirabilibus Opusculum,
Paris, 1524, 4to.
Douglas, Lady Eleanor. The Day of Judgment's
Model, 1646, 4to.
¡
Douglas, Francis. Four Letters on Celibacy and
East Coast of Scotland,
Marriage, Lon., 1771, 8vo, anon.
1782, 12mo.
7
Douglas, Hon. Fred. Sylvester North, d. 1819.
Resemblance between the Ancient and Mod. Greeks, 1813.
Douglas, Gawin, Gavin, or Gawen, 1475-1522,
Bishop of Dunkeld, was third son of Archibald, fifth Earl
of Angus. He completed his studies at the University of
Paris, entered the church, and in the tumultuous events of
the day was distinguished for his "moderation and peace-
ableness." As a poet, Bishop Douglas is entitled to great
respect. His principal original composition is The Palice
of Honour, which will forcibly remind the reader of Bun-
yan's great allegory.
"The object of The Palice of Honour is to show the instability
and insufficiency of worldly pomp: and to prove that a constant
and undeviating habit of virtue is the only way to True IIonour
and Happiness, who reside in a magnificent palace situated on the
summit of a high and inaccessible mountain."
King Hart, the only other poem of much extent written
by Douglas, presents us with scenes of life represented
under appropriate metaphors.
Bishop Douglas, however, is best known by his trans. of
Virgil's Eneid into Scottish verse, executed in 1513; first
pub. 1553. It is remarkable as being the first version of
a classic (unless we call Boethius a classic) into any British
tongue. We quote some opinions upon this version from
two celebrated critics:
"This translation is executed with equal spirit and fidelity; and
is a proof that the lowland Scotch and English languages were now
nearly the same: I mean the style of composition; more especially
in the glaring affectation of anglicizing Latin words. The several
books are introduced with metrical prologues, which are often
highly poetical; and show that Douglas's proper walk was original
poetry."-Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poetry.
"Without pronouncing it the best version of this poem that ever
was, or ever will be, executed, we may at least venture to affirm,
that it is the production of a bold and energetic writer, whose
knowledge of bis original, and prompt command of a copious aud
variegated phraseology, qualified him for the performance of so
arduous a task. And whether we consider the state of British
literature at that era, or the rapidity with which he completed the
work, [sixteen months.] he will be found entitled to a high degree
of admiration.”—Dr. Irving's Lives of the Scottish Poets.
Mr. Hallam does not speak of Douglas's poetry with so
much ardour as Warton displays:
"Warton did well to explain his rather startling expression, that
the lowland Scotch and English languages were then nearly the
same; for I will venture to say, that no Englishman, without
guessing at every other word. could understand the long passage
which he proceeds to quote from Gawin Douglas. It is true that
the differences consisted mainly in pronunciation,and consequently
in orthography: bút this is the great cause of diversity in dialect.
The character of Douglas's original poetry seems to be that of the
!
I
Middle Ages in general.-prolix. though sometimes animated, de-
scriptive of sensible objects.”—Introduc. to Lit. Hist.
The original edit. of the trans. of the Æneid was pub.,
as we have stated, in 1553, Lon., 4to. New edit., with ›
glossary by Ruddiman, Edin., 1710, sm. fol. The Palice
of Honour, 1553, fol.: 1579, 4to; 1827, 4to: presented to
the members of the Bannatyne Club, by John G. Kinnear,
Esq. He trans. Ovid's De Remedio Amoris, which ap-
pears to have been the earliest of his works. King
Hart was pub. for the first time from an original MS.
by Mr. Pinkerton. Select Works, with Memoirs of the
Author, a Gloss., and Notes by Rev. Mr. Scott, 1787, 12mo.
+
Douglas, Gen. Sir Howard, Bart., D.C.L., b. 1776,
at Gosport, has distinguished himself both in civil and in
military life. Military Bridges, 1816, 8vo; 3d ed., 1852,
Svo. Treatise on Naval Gunnery; 4th ed., 1855, 8vo.
This ed. contains a chapter on the Siege of Sebastopol,
1855, and the operations in the Crimea generally. Obs. on
Carnot's System of Fortifications, Svo. Considerations on
the Value and Import. of the Brit. Amer. Provinces, Lon.,
1831, 8vo. Naval Evolutione. 1832, 8vo: see CLERK, JOHN.
"The work of Sir Howard Douglas has not only stood its ground
for thirty years and more. but (harder task) has operated on the
Admiralty. The new edition contains an account of all the im-
provements that have taken place in the theory and practice of
naval gunnery since the appearance of its predecessor."-Lon.
Spectate.
Douglas, George, M.D. Fossil. Vegetable, and Ani-
mal substances used in Physic, Lon., 1735, 8vo. Anatomy,
Edin., 1763.
Douglas, James. 1. A Prophecy. 2. Strange News
Douglas, George. Mathemat. works, 1776-1809.
from Scotland, 1651, 4to.
Douglas, James, Duke of Queensberry. Speech to
the Parliament of Scotland. Lon., 1702, fol.
great reputation, highly commended by Haller. Myogra-
Douglas, James, M.D., 1675-1712, a physician of
phiæ Comparatæ Specimen, Lon., 1707, 12mo. Biblio-
graphiæ Anatomica Specimen, Svo. Lateral Operation,
1726, Svo; Appendix, 1731, Sro. Lilium Sarnese, 1725,
Latin and other languages.
fol. Other works. Many of his works were trans. into
Douglas, James. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1731.
Travelling Anecdotes. 1782, 2 vols. 8vo. Nenia Britannica,
Douglas, Rev. James. Tactics, 1781, 2 vols. 8vo.
1786-93, fol. Dissert. on the Urbs Rutupia of Ptolemy,
1787, 4to. Other works.
Douglas, James, (Lord Mordington,) and Mar-
tin Laycock. Proposals for the Farm. of H. Coaches, fol.
Douglas, Jane. Genuine Memoirs of, 1761, 12mo.
Douglas, Lady Jane. Letters of, 1767, 8vo.
Douglas, James, of Clavers, a layman, is the author
of many valuable works, principally theological. We no-
tice The Truths of Religion; Errors regarding Religion;
Popery and Infidelity; Thoughts on Prayer; On the Phi-
losophy of Mind; The Structure of Prophecy.
"Our respect for the venerable writer, and our admiration of
these Lectures, are so profound, that we can no longer defer an
earnest recommendation of them to the reader.”—Lon. Eclec. Rev.
Douglas, John, Surgeon to the Westminster Iufir-
mary, brother to JAMES DOUGLAS, M.D., (q. v.,) pub. a num-
ber of valuable profes. works, a list of which will be found
in Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Douglas, John. Con. to Ed. Med., 1731, '38.
Douglas, John, 1721-1807, educated at Baliol Col-
lege, Oxford, Canon of Windsor, 1762; Dean of Windsor,
1786; Bishop of Carlisle, 1787; trans. to Salisbury, 1791.
The learned bishop was one of the most eminent literary
characters of his day, and his exposures of the sophistry of
Hume, and the forgery of Lauder, to say nothing of his keen
critique on Bower's marvellous relations-prove that his
the literary world in 1751 by publishing an essay to prove
reputation was not undeserved. Wm. Lauder astonished
that Milton was a mere plagiarist, that Paradise Lost was
borrowed from other quarters. To this essay Douglas pub.
or a Detection of the Forgeries in Lauder's Essay. The
an answer in the same year, entitled Milton no Plagiary;
bishop completely established his position. See LAUDER,
Wм. In 1756, '57, '58, Douglas
In 1756, '57, '58, Douglas pub. his four tracts against
Bower. He undertook to prove that the History of the
Popes was in fact a trans. from a Popish history! In 1756
he demolished David Hume's argument against the Chris-
tian miracles, in his Criterion or Miracles Examined. This
work has been several times reprinted.
"In this excellent work the sophistries of Hume are ably and
concisely refuted; the delusions of paganism and popery are can-
vassed with great acuteness; and the miracles recorded in the gos-
pel history are vindicated by unanswerable arguments."-BISHOP
VAN MILDERT.
Bishop Douglas pub. and edited several other works, and
515
DOU
DOW
was the author of a number of political pamphlets and |
fugitive papers. His Select Works, with a Memoir by the
Rev. W. Macdonald, were pub. in 1820, Salisbury, 4to.
Douglas, John. Letter to Henry Brougham, Esq.,
on Law Reform in Scotland, Lon., 1830, Svo.
Douglas, Niel. Serms., Poetry, &c., 1791, '99.
Douglas, Robert. Generation of Heat in Animals,
Lon., 1747, Svo.
Douglas, Sir Robert. Peerage of Scotland, Edin.,
1764, fol. Continued by J. P. Wood, 1813, 2 vols. fol.,
£10 108. Baronetage of Scotland, 1798, fol. Original ed.
not pub.
Douglas, Robert. Variation of the Compass, Phil.
Trans., 1776.
Douglas, Robert, D.D. Oaths, 1783, Svo. General
View of the Agricult. of the counties of Roxburgh and
Selkirk, Edin., 1798, Svo; Lon., 1802, 8vo.
Always reckoned the best of the Scotch reports."-Donaldson's
Agricult. Biog.
Douglas, Robert, Surgeon R.N. Adventures of a
Medical Student, with a Memoir of the Author, Lon., 1843,
3 vols. p. 8vo; 1850, p. 8vo.
This volume will be welcome in every circulating library, club,
and mess-room. -United Service Gazette.
•
Douglas, Sylvester, Rt. Hon. Lord Glenber-
vic, M.P., 1747-1823. Speech, 1799, 8vo. Controverted
Elections, 1775-77, 4 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1802, 4 vols. Svo.
A collection of excellent reports on the law of parliamentary
elections."-HARGRAVE.
">
Reports in K. B., 4th ed., by W. Frere, 1813, 2 vols. 8vo;
(1st Amer. ed., Phila., 1807, Svo;) ditto, vols. iii. and iv.,
by H. Roscoe, 1831, 2 vols. r. Svo.
.<
Douglas's Reports are of the highest authority, and his manner
is preferred by many to that of Sir James Burrow."-Hoffman's
Leg. Stu., 419.
Life of John Mercer, 1806, 8vo. Con. to Phil. Trans.,
1768, '73.
Douglas, Thomas. Vitis Degeneris; Ancient Cere-
monies, Lon., 1668, 12mo.
See SELKIRK.
Douglas, Thomas, Earl of Selkirk.
Douglas, Wm. De Lue Venera, 1687.
Douglas, Capt. Wm. Trial, &c., 1767, Svo.
Douglas, Wm. Serm., 1812, 4to.
Douglas, Wm., M.D., d. 1752, a native of Scotland,
settled in Boston, Mass., where he obtained considerable
professional reputation. Treatises on the Small Pox, 1722,
30. An Epidemic Fever, 1736. Midwifery. Brit. Set-
tlements in N. America. Pub. in numbers, Boston, Jan.,
1749; May, 1749, forming vol. i. Vol. ii. was pub. in 1753.
Both vols. reprinted in London, 1755, Svo; again, 1760.
The death of the author left the work incomplete.
**
In his history of the American colonies, he is often incorrect;
and it was his foible to measure the worth of men by his personal
friendship for them." See Whitney's Hist. Worcester; Allen's
Amer. Biog. Dict.
“The honest and downright Dr. Douglas.”—ADAM SMITH,
Douland, or Dowland, John, d. 1615? an English
musician, pub. several musical treatises, among which was
a trans. of Ornithaphareus's Micrologus, or Art of Singing,
Lon., 1609, ful.
■
Dovaston, J. Fitz-Guardine; a Ballad, 1812.
Dove. Almanack for 1662, Camb., 8vo.
Dove, Henry, D.D., d. 1694, '95.
D.D., d. 1694, '95. Serms., 1680–86.
Dove, James. Religious Experience, 1804, 8vo.
Dove, John, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1597, 16mo. Ch.
Government, 1606, 4to. Comment. on Canticles, 1613, fol.
Atheism, 1610, Svo.
"L
Dove, John. Strictures on Agriculture.
"The author does not state any practical knowledge, and is II-
tle noticed."— Donaldson's Agricult. Bing,
"This treatise, though the best of the time, seems too meagre
and succinct to have been of great use to the students of such
music as was then practised.”—Burney's Hist. of Music, q. v.; and
also Hawkins's Ilist. of Music.
“We are assured that John Douland was the rarest musician
that his age did behold."-WOOD.
Douland, or Dowland, Robert, contributed to
John Douland's Lute Playing, 1610, fol., and pub. a Musi-
call Banqvet, 1610, fol.
Douley, George. Theolog. Dialogues, 1616, 8vo.
Doulevy, Andrew. Catechism, Paris, 1642.
Dounæus. See DowNES, Andrew.
Dounamus, Georgius. See DOWNAME,
Douthwaite, T. The Impartialist; in Poems, 1775.
Doutre, Joseph, b. 1825, near Montreal, Canada. At
eighteen years of age he wrote a French historical novel, |
entitled Les Fiancés de 1812. He has been the first lau-
reate of the Canadian Institute.
Dove, John, d. 1772, who went by the name of the
Hebrew Taylor," from his learning and trade, pub. a
number of theolog. treatises, among which are The Im-
portance of Rabbinical Learning, Lon., 1748, 8vo, and
Plain Truth or Quakerism Unmasked, 1756, Svo.
Shoal of Pumice Stones on the Sea, Phil. Trans., 1728..
Dove, Richard. Serm., 1761, Svo.
Dove, Wm. Con. to Med. Comm., 1793.
Dover, Lord. See ELLIS, GEORGE J. W. A.
Dover, John. The Roman Generals, 1667, 4to.
Dover, Robert. Annalia Dybrensia; sec Bliss's
Wood's Athen. Oxon., iv. 222, 223, and Bib.Anglo-Poet.,891.
Dover, Thomas. See DOVER, JOHN.
Dover, Thomas. Medical treatises, 1732, '33.
Dover, Wm. His Case, Lon., 1741, Svo.
Dow, Lieut. Col. Alexander, a native of Perth-
shire, d. 1779. Hist. of Hindostan, from the Persian of
Ferishta, Lon., 1767, '68, 2 vols. 4to; a continuation being
vol. iii., 1772, 4to; 1803, 3 vols. Svo.
Dow is charged with borrowing freely from Bernier's
Travels. Tales from the Persian of Inatulla, 1768, 2 vols.
12mo. Zingis, a Tragedy, 1769, Svo. Sethona, a Trag,,
| 1774, 8vo.
"Ferishta was employed for twenty years in the composition of
his history."—TURNER.
Dow, or Dowe, Bartholomew. A Dairie Booke
for all good Huswives, Lon., 1588, 8vo. Also printed with
The Householder's Philosophie, &c.
Dow, Christopher. Theolog. treatises, 1636, 37.
Dow, John. Trial of A. McKinlay, 1818.
Dow, Lorenzo, 1777-1834, of Coventry, Connecticut,
Experience and Travels in Europe and America, and Po-
a travelling preacher of great zeal and equal eccentricity.
lemical Writings, Cincin. Works, ed. by Dr. Dowling, N.
York, Svo.
1
Dow, P. Reports C. in H. of Lords, Lon., 1814-19,
6 vols. r. Svo; do., 1827-32, 2 vols. r. 8vo; 1830-32 by P.
D. and C. Clark.
Dowall, James. 1. Vindication. 2. Appeal, 1681, &c.
Dowcett, Abraham. Declaration agst. Ralph, 1648.
Dowdall, W. Revenue of Ireland, Lon., 1720-29.
Dowding, W. C. Theolog. Lectures, Lon., 1842, 12mo.
Dowdeswell, George M. Law of Life and Fire
Insurances, Lon., 1846, 12mo.
"This is a text-book of the right sort. Instead of a crude string
of marginal notes, not very honestly culled from the digest, and
very clumsily coupled with links by the author, Mr. Dowdeswell
has written a treatise on the subject he professes to explain."-
4 Law Mag., N. S., 354.
4th ed. of Smith's Comp. of Mercantile Law, 1848, r. Svo.
6th ed. of Bayly on Bills of Exchange, 1849, 8vo. G. M.
D. and J. G. Malcom; 4th ed. of Starkie on the Law of
Evidence, 1853, r. 8vo. Amer. ed., Phila. 1853.
"The fourth edition of Starkie is to the existing law what the
first edition was to the law in 1824."-Jurist, Dec. 1852.
Dowel, John. The Leviathan Heretical; or a Dis
course against Hobbes, Oxf., 1683, 12mo.
Dowglass, Robert. Serm., &c., 1651, '60.
Dowle, John. Serm.. Lon., 1630, Svo.
Dowley, Peter. Letter to Dr. Wells, Oxon., 1708.
Dowling, A. S. Statutes, Lon., 1830-32, 2 vols. 12mo.
Reports of Cases, 1833-42, 9 vols. Svo; A. S. D. and V.;
Continuation, 1842, '43, 2 vols. 8vo; A. S. D. and J. J.
Lowndes; Continuation, 1844, '45, 2 vols. 8vo.
Dowling, Daniel. Book-keeping, 1766. Key to the
latest ed. of Hutton's Mathemat., 1813, 3 vols. Svo.
Dowling, E. A. Hebrew tongue, Lon., 1797, 8vo.
Dowling, J. Common Law Practice, Lon., 1834, 12mo.
J. D. and Ryland A. Reports K. K., 1822–31, 9 vols. 8vo;
do. rel. to Magistrates, 1823-31, 4 vols. 8vo.
Dowling, John, D.D., b. May 12, 1807, in Sussex,
England, settled in the United States in 1832. Since 1838
he has been highly successful as a writer and preacher.
He is the author of many works, the following being the
principal: 1. A Vindication of the Baptists from the charge
of Bigotry, 8vo. 2. An Exposition of the prophecies sup-
posed by William Miller to predict the second coming of
Christ, 1840, 18mo. 3. A Defence of the Protestant Scrip-
tures from the attacks of Popish Apologists, &c.. 1843.
4. History of Romanism from the earliest corruptions of
Christianity to the present time, Svo, 734 pp., N. Y., 1845.
In less than ten years 25,000 of this large work were sold.
5. Judson Offering, 18mo. 6. Power of Illustration, &c.,
18mo. Edited the Conference Hymn Book, Baptist Noel's
work on Baptism, with an Introductory Essay. Works of
Lorenzo Dow. Conyers Middleton on the Conformity of
Popery and Paganism. Memoir of the Missionary Jacob
Thomas. Translated from the French the Rev. Dr. Cotes's
Un mot en passant à ceux qui ont abandonné l'é; lise Ro-
maine.
ble
DOW
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"If the reader wishes to be acquainted with the errors of Ro- |
manism, he has only to open the pages of Dowling's History. If
the reader is anxious to read an epitome of the history of the Popes,
their ambition, their intrigues, their avariciousness, their tyranny,
their superstitions. and their mummeries, he can here find all
proved and authenticated by the most accredited authors of the
Church of Rome.”—L. GIUSTINIANI.
"Mr. Downing has here produced a very delightful work, [Land-
Dowling, John G. Introduc. to the Critical Study scape Gardening,] and has convinced us that sound criticism and
of Eccles. Hist., Lon., 1838, 8vo.
refined judgment in matters of taste are not confined to this side
of the Atlantic."-Lm. Art Union Journal.
"A masterly work."-LOUDON,
“A useful work, with partialities.”—BICKERSTETHI.
Notitia Scriptorum post annum 1700, 8vo, 1839. Serms.,
1841, Svo.
Dowling, Wm. Quadrupeds and Birds, 1849.
Dowman, George, M.D. Scirrhus, 1748, 8vo.
Downame, or Downham, George, D.D., d. 1634,
educated at Cambridge, and Fellow of Christ Church, 1585:
Bishop of Derry, 1616. A Treatise proving that the Pope
Is Antichrist, 1803, 4to. Lectures on Ps. xv., 1604, 4to.
"Wherein the question of usurie is fully and plainly de-
cided." Abstract of Duties, &c., 1620, 8vo; 1635. Justi-
fication, 1623, fol.
J
“A full reply to the cavils of the Romanists.”—Bickersteth.
Christian's Freedom, 1635, 8vo; new ed., 1836, 8vo.
Prayer, 1640, 4to. Other works.
“Å learned and godly bishop.”—Leigh's Treatise of Religion and
Learning.
Downame, John, d. 1644, brother of the preceding,
and also a divine. Spiritual Physick, 1600, Svo.
upon the first four chap. of Hosea, 1608, 4to. The Chris-
tian Warfare, in 4 parts, 1609-18, 4to; together, 1634, fol.
"One of the best pieces of practical divinity extant." HERVEY
Godliness, 1622, fol. Concordance or Table of the Bible,
1639, fol. Sacred Divinitie, 4to. The Sacrament, 1645.
Downe, B. Modern Geography, 1804.
Downe, Darby. Health; a Poem, 1724, 8vo.
Downe, John, an eminent divine, nephew to Bishop
Jewel, and highly commended by Bishop Hall. Serms.
and Tracts agst. Transubstantiation, Oxf., 1633, 4to.
tifying Faith, 1635, fol.
Jus-
—
Downes. A Popish King; a Serm., 1745, Svo.
Downes, Andrew, 1550?-1627, Greek Prof. at Cam-
bridge, 1586. Prælectiones in Lysiam, Cantab., 1593, Svo.
Prælectiones in Demosthenis Philippicam vi. de Pace, Lon.,
1621, Svo. He was one of the trans. of the Bible, and
some notes of his on Chrysostom will be found in Sir Henry
Savile's edition of that author.
Downes, George. Three Months in the North, Lon.,
12mo. Letters from the Continent, 2 vols. p. Svo; from
Mecklenberg and Holstein, 1820, Svo.
"Not so full and various as might have been expected: on man-
ners and German literature it is most instructive.”—Stevenson's
Voyages and Travels.
Downes, Henry, D.D., Bishop of Killala, 1716; trans.
to Elphin, 1720; to Meath, 1724; to Derry, 1726. Serms.,
1697-1725.
Downes, Henry. Serms., 1784, 2 vols. Sro.
Downes, John. Hypochondriaca, 1660, 4to.
Downes, John. Roscius Anglicanus; or, An His-
torical Review of the Stage. Lon., 1708, 8vo.
"But for this work we should have known little or nothing of
some celebrated actors.”—GRANGER.
Downes, John. Serms., 1741-61.
Downes, John, b. 1799, in Brooklyn, distinguished
mathematician; assisted in preparing the American
Nautical Almanac since its first publication; author of
Logarithms and Logarithmic Sines and Tangents, with
other Tables, 1858, 4to.
Downes, Jos. Speech of J. Foster, 1799, 8vo.
Downes, Robert, Bishop of Leighlin and Ferns.
Serm., 1750, 4to.
Downes, Samuel. Lives of the Compilers of the
Liturgy, and an historical account of its several reviewers.
Bishop Sparrow's Rationale, ed. 1722.
Downes, Theop. On Allegiance, 1691, 4to, &c.
Downes, Thomas. A copious Index to Pennant's
account of London, imp. fol.
Downey, Thomas. Naval Poems, 1813, 4to.
Downham. See DowNAME.
Downham, G. Rex Meus est Deus, 1643.
Downie, Murdo. Marine Survey East Coast of
Scotland, Lon., 1792, 4to. The Atmosphere, Aberdeen,
1800, Svo.
Downing, Andrew Jackson, 1815-1852, a native
of Newburgh, N. York, perished in the conflagration of the
steamboat Henry Clay, on the Hudson River, July 28, 1852.
Fruits and Fruit Trees of America, N. York, 14th ed., 1852,
Яvo. Sale in America to 1853, 15,000 copies.
Landscape Gardening and Rural Architecture, N. York,
Sale in America to 1853, 9000 copies.
8vo.
"By these admirable works Mr. Downing has done much to im
prove the taste of our rural inhabitants, and at the same time to
promote the best and most judicious selection and culture of Fruit
Trees.”—Chancellor KING.
"Downing's Fruit and Fruit Trees of America deserves to be
more generally known in Europe."-Trübner's Bibl. Guide to Amer.
Lit., L., 1855, 12mo.
"The standard work on this subject."-Silliman's Journal.
The treatise upon Landscape Gardening is a most com-
prehensive work upon the subject; treating of History and
fluence of Poets, &c. Examples Abroad and in America,
General Principles, Ancient, Modern, Natural Styles, In-
Beauties, Capacities, Picturesque Simple Beauty, Word
and Plantations, Grouping, Classification, leading Cha-
racteristics. Trees, History and Descriptions of finest
mation of Walks, Roads, Fences, Hedges, Landscape or
deciduous Evergreens, Vines, and Climbing Plants. For-
Rural Architecture, Characteristic Features of Country
Houses, Roman, Italian, Swiss, Tudor, Old English, Eliza-
bethan, Lodges, Embellishments, Rustic, Floral, Seats,
Bridges, Rockwork, Dials, Vases, Fountains, Decora-
tions, &c.
1953, 6250 copies. Architecture of Country Houses, N. Y.,
Cottage Residences, N. York, 8vo. Sale in America to
8vo. Sale in America to 1853, 3500 copies.
Rural Essays, by the late A. J. Downing, with a Memoir of
the Author, edited by George Wm. Curtis, and a letter to
his friends by Frederika Bremer, N. York, 1854, 8vo. This
volume contains, with one or two exceptions, all of Mr.
Downing's editorial papers in The Horticulturist. Mr.
Downing also edited Loudon's Gardening for Ladies, N.
York, 12mo, and Wightwick's Hints to Young Architects,
N. York, Svo.
dently loves his pursuits. These qualities give freshness, charm,
"Mr. Downing has practical knowledge and true taste, and evi-
and value to whatever he writes on bis favourite topic.”—Amer.
Quarterly Review.
Downing, C. T.
Downing, Bladen. Serm., Lon., 1814.
Fanqui, or Foreigner in China in
1836' '37, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1838, '40.
“An account of the habits, manners, manufactures, and laws
of China.”— Lon. Allas.
Downing, Calybute, 1606-1644, a Puritan divine.
State Ecclesiastical, Oxf., 1632, 4to. Considerations, Lon.,
1641, fol. Serm., 1641, 4to. Discourse, 1641, 4to. Dis-
covery, 1641, 4to. Diametrical opposition between Pres-
bytery and Prelacy, 1644, 4to.
Downing, Clement. Indian Wars, Lon., 1737, 12mo.
Downing, George. Serm., Lon., 1760, Svo.
Downing, George. Newmarket; a Com., 1763, 12mo.
The Parthian Exile; a Trag., 1774, Svo. The Volunteers,
1780. Svo.
Downing, John. Case of, Lon., 1796, Svo.
Downing, Joseph. Disorders of H. Cattle, 1797.
Downinge, Sir George. Political tracts, 1664-72.
Exeter, educated at Balliol College. Infancy, a Poem in
Downman, Rev. Hugh, M.D., 1740-1809, born near
6 Books: 1, 1774; 2, 1775; 3, 1775; all 4to; whole 6, 1788,
Land of the Muses and other Poems, 1768, 4to. Editha;
Edin., 12mo. It went through 7 edits. during his lifetime.
a Com., Lou., 1785, Svo. L. J. Brutus; a Trag., 1779.
Poems, 1790; do. to Thespia, 1805, Svo. Tragedies, 1792,
Svo. He trans. The Death Song, &c. from Wormius, and
four tragedies from Voltaire.
Downiche, Anne. The Frenche Historie, in verse,
Lon., 1589. 4to. A rare book. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 225,
£25; resold at Saunders's, 1818, £13 2s. 6d.
ing the Superstitions and Ornaments of Churches, &c.
Dowsing, Wm. Parliamentary Visitor for de:nciish-
within the county of Suffolk in the years 1643 and 1644;
his Journal, 1786, 4to. Hére's a curious book, indeed!
The iconoclast must have some strange tales to tell.
Dowson, James. De Numerorum Figuratorum Re-
solutione, Lon., 1614, Svo.
Doyle, Major, is said to be the author of A New Mili-
tary Journal, Lon., 1803, 4to. Instructions, 1804. Mili-
tary Catechism, Svo.
Doyle, James, d. 1834, R. Catholic Bishop of Kildare
and Leighlin. Letter to Archbishop Magee. Letter to
Daniel O'Connell on Poor Laws for Ireland. Bishop Doyle
pub. many pamphlets, letters, &c. on theological and po-
litical subjects.
Doyle, Martin. Cyclopædia of Practical Husbandry
and Rural Affairs, Dubl., 1829, p. Svo. New ed., enlarged,
1851, Svo.
"A plain and very sensible matter-of-fact exposition of current
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and known intelligence in a very acceptable and useful manner."
—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Practical Gardening, 1838, 12mo. Flower Garden, 4th
ed., 1845, 12mo. Labouring Classes in Ireland, 1846, 12mo.
Catechisms of Gardening and Cottage Farming, 1851, 18mo.
Works, 2 vols. 12mo.
Doyle, Wm. Some Account of the British Dominions
beyond the Atlantic, Lon., 1770. Svo.
The author proposes a new scheme of geography, calling South
America, Allantis; North America, Sebastia; and classes the Ame-
rican colonies under the names of Neanglia, Jacobea, and Mesia,
or Midensia."-Lon. Monthly Review, xlii. 413; 1770, g. v.
The collector of works on America should procure this
curious volume.
4to.
D'Oyley, Catherine. The History of the Life and
Death of our Blessed Saviour, Southamp., 1794, 8vo.
D'Oyley, Charles. The European in India, 1813,
The Illustrations are by D'Oyley, but the Preface
and History are by T. W. Blagdon and Capt. T. Williamson.
D'Oyly, George, D.D., 1778-1846, educated at, and
Fellow of, Bene't College, Cambridge, Rector of Buxted,
1815; of Lambeth and Sundridge, Kent, 1820. Letters to
Sir Win. Drummond rel. to his Edipus Judaicus, 1812, '13,
Svo. Two Discourses, 1811, 8vo. Life of Archbp. San-
croft, 1821, 2 vols. Serms., chiefly Doctrinal, 1827, Svo.
Occasional serms. and pamphlets. Serms., with a Memoir
by his son, 1847, 2 vols. Svo. Dr. D'Oyly was a contri-
butor to the London Quarterly Review. In 1813, in con-
junction with the Rev. Richard (now Bishop) Mant, he
commenced the preparation of an annotated Bible, to be
pub. by the Society for promoting Christian Knowledge.
The 1st number appeared Jan. 1, 1814; complete, Oxf.
and Lon., 1814, 3 vols. 4to. It has been frequently re-
printed at Cambridge and Oxford alternately, and the sale
has probably not fallen short of 40,000 copies. New edit.,
Lon., 1848. Vol. i., Old Test. and Apoc. Vol. ii.. N. Test.,
r. 8vo. Pub. also with the sacred text in 3 vols. r. Svo,
1850.
"Of the labour attending this publication some idea may be
formed, when it is stated that the works of upwards of one hun-
dred and sixty authors have been consulted for it, amounting to
several hundred volumes. On the fundamental articles of Chris-
tian verity. the Deity and atonement of Jesus Christ, and the
personality and offices of the Holy Spirit, this work may be pro-
nounced to be a library of divinity."-T. H. Horne's Bibl. Bib. See
the comments in Bickersteth's Christian Student.
The purchaser should also procure the Rev. Dr. Wilson's
Index to this commentary. It is more complete than the
one annexed to the work. The Rev. Mr. Bellamy's Con-
cordance also should accompany it. The Rt. Rev. Bishop
Hobart of New York pub. an edit. of this Bible, with ad-
ditional notes, New York, 1818-20, 2 vols. 4to.
"He has greatly enhanced the value of this work by numerous
additional notes, selected from the writings of upwards of thirty
of the most eminent divines (not noticed by Drs. Mant and D'Oyly,)
whose names are a sufficient pledge for the orthodoxy of the anno-
tations taken from their writings. Many other notes are like-
wise selected from several of the authors cited by Bp. Mant and
Dr. D'Oyly. Bp. Hobart's additional notes aro twofold: 1. Critical
and Explanatory; and 2. Practical. The latter are most numerous,
and are greatly calculated to increase the value of this comment-
ary."-T. II. HORNE, ubi supra.
See a biographical notice of Dr. D'Oyly in Lon. Gent.
Mag., March, 1846, and Memoir by his son, prefixed to his
Serins. pub. in 1847.
...
D'Oyly, Robert. Four theolog. Dissertations, 1728.
This is a book which contains some original and curious dis-
quisitions, but not always in accordance with received opinions.
The discussions are conducted in a manner somewhat similar to
those of Delany."—ORME: Bibl. Bib.
The Dissertations are recommended by Dr. A. Clarke.
Doylye, Dr. Antiquity of Arms. See Hearne's Col-
lection, p. 175, 1771. Etymology, Dignity, and Antiquity
of Dukes, Ib., p. 183.
Drage, Wm. Medical treatises, Lon., 1665–68.
Drage, or Dragge, Wm., Clerk of the California.
Voyage of the California for the discovery of a Northwest
passage, &c., Lon., 1748, 2 vols. 8vo.
"A pedantic, disputatious, dogmatical performance."-Barrow's
Arctic Voyages, p. 287, 1818.
The Great Probability of a N. West Passage. 1768, 4to.
Drakard, John. Life of Col. Wardle, 1810.
Drake. Introduction to English, 1688, 8vo.
Drake. The Innocent Vindicated, 1718, Svo.
Drake, Mrs. Defence of the Female Sex, 1696
Drake, Benjamin, 1794–1841, "a native of Mason
county, Kentucky, a resident of Cincinnati, Ohio, a most
amiable and excellent man, a lawyer by profession, for
many years edited a literary and family newspaper, pub-
lished weekly at Cincinnati, and largely circulated in Ohio.
It was a paper of high moral tone and literary merit, con-
ducted with ability and good taste-filled with cheerful,
attractive contributions, well-wrought fictions, and sound
criticism.
His published writings, other than the above, were, with
their dates:
1827. Cincinnati in 1826. By B. Drake and E. D. Mans-
field, pp. 100, 12mo.
1830. The Western Agriculturist and Practical Farmer's
Guide; a compilation.
1838. The Life and Adventures of Black Hawk, with
Sketches of Keokuk, the Sac and Fox Indians, and
the late Black Hawk War, pp. 228, 12mo. Tales and
Sketches from the Queen City, pp. 180, 12mo. This is a
volume of cheerfully and tastefully written fictions and
sketches of life and manners in the West. It is creditable
to the writer's talents, and commendable for its purity of
thought and sentiment.
|
1840. Life of General William Henry Harrison; a small
vol. of perhaps 250 pages, prepared by B. Drake, jointly
with Col. Charles S. Todd of Frankfort, Kentucky.
1841. Life of Tecumseh, and his brother the Prophet,
with a Historical Sketch of the Shawanee Indians, pp. 235,
12mo. This is the most elaborate of Mr. Drake's works,
and is a carefully-prepared memoir from facts, the most of
which were collected by himself in the country where Te-
cumseh had lived and acted, and from a great number of
respectable persons who had known that chief."
For the above notice we are indebted to a well-known
and highly-respected man of letters, Judge James Hall,
of Cincinnati, Ohio.
Drake, Charles D., son of Dr. Daniel Drake. Trea-
tise on the Law of Suits by Attachment in the U. States,
Boston, 1854, Svo; 2d ed., 1858, Svo.
"The members of the profession owe much to Mr. Drake for his
successful labours in producing this valuable treatise upon a branch
of the law hitherto untouched by any writer."
Drake, Daniel, M.D., 1785-1852, a native of Plain-
field, New Jersey, a resident of Cincinnati, Ohio, was a
brother of Benjamin Drake. "When he was quite young,
his parents removed to Mason county, Kentucky, where he
received such an education as the common county schools
afforded. When grown he went to Cincinnati, then a vil-
lage, where he studied medicine; attended two courses of
lectures at the Medical School of the University of Penna.,
at Philadelphia, where he graduated; became a very dis-
tinguished practitioner and teacher of medicine; was a
professor in the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati; Cincin-
nati Medical College, do.; Transylvania Medical College,
Lexington, Ky.; Louisville Medical College, Louisville,
Ky.; Jefferson Medical College, Philada.—all distinguished
schools; where he was associated with the most eminent
men of the profession, and held equal rank with the fore-
most. He was a teacher of medicine nearly all his pro-
fessional life; an able, instructive, and popular lecturer.
He was an original thinker, with an active, vigorous mind,
an ardent temperament, unwearied industry, and a perse-
verance and energy of purpose wholly indomitable, and
capable of extraordinary achievement. A philanthropist
in the largest sense, he devoted himself freely and habit-
ually to works of benevolence and measures for the ame-
lioration of distress, the extension of religion and intelli-
gence, the good of his fellow-creatures, the honour and
prosperity of his country. His habits were simple, tem-
perate, abstemious; his labours incessant.
List of his books, with the dates of publication:
1810. Notices concerning Cincinnati, pp. 64, 12mo.
1815. Picture of Cincinnati, pp. 250, 12mo.
1832. Practical Essays on Medical Education, and the
Medical Profession in the United States, pp. 104, 12me.
A Practical Treatise on the History, Prevention, and Treat-
ment of Epidemic Cholera, designed for both the Profession
and the People, pp. 180, 12mo.
1850. A Systematic Treatise, historical, etiological, and
practical, on the principal diseases of the Interior Valley
of North America, as they appear in the Caucasian, Afri-
can, Indian, and Esquimaux varieties of its population,
pp. 878, Svo. Cincinnati: published by W. B. Smith.
1854. The second volume of the same, posthumously
published, Phila., Lippincott, Grambo & Co., pp. 985, Sva.
This is probably the most important and valuable work
ever written in the United States. The subject is large.
The work could not be compiled. The subject was new,
and the materials were to be collected from original sources,
from observation, personal inspection, oral evidence, &c.
It occupied many years; and was, probably, in contempla-
tion during the whole or the most part of Dr. Drake's long
professional life. For many years he spent the vacati ns
between the winter courses of lectures in t welling over
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this great valley, taking a district at a time, exploring each
district thoroughly, noting distinctly and minutely its phy-
sical character, peculiarities, climate, soil, mountains, hy-
drography, productions, every thing which could affect
health or longevity. He visited physicians and intelligent
men, and collected facts and opinions-and established cor-
respondences. In this great work, he describes the whole
interior of our country, from Canada to Texas, by dis-
tricts, most elaborately, giving by far the best, most detailed,
most reliable, topographical and physical description ex-
tant. Then he gives the prevailing diseases of each local-
ity, with the local remedies and practice-classifying and
defining the effects of locality, soil, climate, food, &c.; the
diseases of the North and South, of the sea-coast, the inte-
rior, and the lake-of mountain and valley, &c.
He edited for many years, very assiduously and ably, a
Western Journal of Medical Science, published periodically
at Cincinnati."
For the above notice we are indebted to Judge James
Hall of Cincinnati, Ohio. See DRAKE, BENJAMIN.
An excellent memoir of Dr. Drake, by his friend Edward
D. Mansfield, LL.D., has been issued by Applegate & Co.,
Cincinnati, 1855, 12mo, pp. 408.
Drake, Edw. Cavendish. A Collection of authentic
Voyages and Travels from the best writers, Lon., 1770, fol.
Drake, Sir Francis, 1546-1596. A list of works,
giving an account of the voyages of this eminent navigator,
will be found in Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. Some of these
were compiled from his own notes, or we should have been
unable to introduce his name, even thus briefly.
Drake, Francis, d. 1770, a surgeon and antiquary of
York, England. Eboracum, or The History and Antiquity
of the City of York, the Cathedral Church, and Lives of the
Archbps. of that See, from its original to the present time,
Lon., 1736, fol.
"Drake is among the most toiling of topographers; but his his-
tory of the City merits the gratitude of the townsmen. It is a
folio, teeming with text, and full of copper-plate embellishments."
-Dibdin's Northern Tour.
A magnificent copy, extensively illustrated, and expanded
to six vols. folio, was sold at Mr. Fauntleroy's sale for
£136 108. It was purchased by Mr. Hurd; subsequently
it fell into the hands of Mr. Henry G. Bohn-always on
the lookout for book treasures-and he offered it at the
comparatively low price of £80. Drake and Mr. Cæsar
Ward are said to have been the sole authors of The Parlia-
mentary or Constitutional History of England, 1751, 24
vols. 8vo. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1748.
Drake, James, M.D., 1667-1707, an eminent political
writer, physician, and anatomist. His principal works are:
Hist. of the Last Parliament, Lon., 1702, Svo. Historia
Anglo-Scotia, 1703, 8vo. These two works gave great
offence, (the latter to the Scots,) and were burnt by the
hands of the common hangman. Memorial of the Ch. of
England, written in conjunction with Mr. Polly, 1704, Svo.
This offended the Queen and Parliament, and great efforts
were made to discover the author. In 1706 he was prose-
cuted for pub. Mercurius Politicus, a newspaper offensive
to the government. The Sham Lawyer, a Comedy. An-
thropologia Nova; or A New System of Anatomy, 1707,
2 vols. Svo; posth., pub. by Dr. Wagstaffe, 2d ed., 1717.
Appendix, 1728. This is a work of merit.
"If Dr. Lower has been so much and so deservedly esteemed for
his solution of the systole of the heart, Dr. Drake, by accounting
for the diastole, ought certainly to be allowed his share of reputa-
tion, and to be admitted as a partner of his glory.”—DR. Wagstaffe.
Drake, James. Medical Orations, 1742, 4to.
Drake, Joan. Mrs. Drake revived, 1647, 12mo.
Drake, Joseph Rodman, 1795-1820, a native of
New York, began to contribute poetical compositions to the
periodicals at a very early age. The first four of the
Croaker Pieces, (pub. in the N. York Evening Post, March
10-20, 1819,) were written by him; after the fourth num-
ber, Fitz-Greene Halleck was admitted as a partner, and
the literary firm was henceforth Croaker & Co. The lively
satire of these sallies gave them a great reputation at the
time of their publication. Drake's longest poem is The
Culprit Fay; his best-known composition, The American
Flag. Their poetical merit is unquestionably of a high
order. In 1836 a collection of Drake's poetical pieces was
pub. by Commodore Dekay, son-in-law of the author.
"The extraordinary mental power and genius of Dr. Drake were
manifested at a very early period; when not over seven years of
age, he had acquired much literary information; and at the age of
fourteen he had written many verses of merit. He possessed
great tenacity of recollection and power of quick discrimination.
His thoughts flowed gracefully, and his power of language was
prompt. Indeed his peculiarity was that of instantaneous creation;
For thought, imagination, truth, and imagery, seemed to combine
and produce their results in a moment."-N. P. WILLIS.
·
Drake, Nathan, Vicar of Sheffield from 1695 to 1713.
Serms.. 1695, '97, 4to.
Drake, Nathan, M.D., 1766-1836, a native of York,
England, and a descendant of the preceding, was educated
at the University of Dublin. In 1792 he settled at Had-
leigh, Suffolk, where, for the long term of forty-four years,
he ministered to the health of his patients and the mental
and moral welfare of his race. The following list of his
literary works we extract from the Lon. Gent. Mag., Aug.,
1836: The Speculator; a Periodical Paper written in con-
junction with Dr. Edward Ash, 1790, 8vo. Poems, 1793,
4to. Literary Hours, 1st ed., 1798, Svo; 4th ed., 1820, 3
vols. 8vo. Essays illustrative of the Tatler, Spectator, and
Guardian, 1805, 3 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1812. Essays illus-
trative of the Rambler, Adventurer, Idler, and other pe-
riodical papers to the year 1809, 2 vols. Svo. The Gleaner;
a series of Periodical Essays selected from authors not in-
cluded in the British Essayists, 1811, 4 vols. 8vo. Shak-
speare and his Times, 1817, 2 vols. 4to. Winter Nights,
1820, 2 vols. 8vo. Evenings in Autumn, 1822, 2 vols. Svo.
Noontide Leisure, 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. Mornings in Spring,
1828, 2 vols., 8vo. We regret that we have not space to
enlarge upon the merits of Dr. Drake's invaluable works.
They have done much to stimulate a taste for useful and
elegant literature. In addition to the publications named
above, he pub. a number of professional treatises, and left
in MS. A Selected Version of the Psalms, with copious
Notes and Illustrations.
We have been surprised and mortified to notice the
shameful ignorance prevailing in America respecting the
publications of this eminent writer. We remember on one
occasion listening to an hour's dissertation on Shakspeare,
from a well-known public lecturer, who confessed, when
we recommended to him the study of Drake's Shakspeare
and his Times, that he had never heard of such a book!
Yet that high authority, Archdeacon Nares, thus commends
this invaluable storehouse of Shakspearean information:
"No work has hitherto appeared, and we may venture almost to
pronounce that none can in future be produced, in which so much
of agreeable and well-digested information on this subject will be
found, as in this masterly production of Dr. Drake... It may be
considered as a magnificent temple, dedicated to the genius of
Shakspeare. . . . Its publication will form an epocha in the Shak-
by it upon the singularly interesting period in which the poet lived.
spearean history of this country. So abundant is the light thrown
that not only every admirer of his writings, but every person who
is curious on the subjects of our literature, manners, customs, and
their history, must occasionally resort to it for information." Read
the whole of this interesting review in Lon. Gent. Mag., S8, Pt. 2: p.
211, 334.
·
We must find room for one or two opinions upon this
literary benefactor of his age:
In 1803 I got a bright new book, fresh from the press in those
days, on which I still reflect with pleasure; namely, Drake's Lite
rary Hours. It became my favourite companion for years after-
ward. and it was this work. more than all others, which at that
early age fixed my affections on literary pursuits.”—Gillies's Lite-
rary Veteran.
..
A
If I were called to name the writer in the lighter walks of Eng-
lish literature, who, by his essays and ingenious illustrations of
our standard authors, is most calculated to refine the taste and to
excite an ardent thirst for reading and literary pursuits, I should
Century.
name Dr. Nathan Drake.”—Cleveland's Eng. Lil. of the Nineteenth
Drake's works should have years ago been republished
in America.
Drake, R. Essay on the Gout, Lon., 1758, Sro.
ment."-Dr. Wall's Bibl. Brit.
"A work of no merit, being little more than a quack advertise-
Holy Mount, 1653, 12mo.
Drake, Rev. Roger. Vindiciæ, &c., Lon., 1641, 4to.
Sacred Chronology, 1648, Svo.
The Sacrament, 1656, 8vo.
Drake, Roger, D.D.
Drake, Samuel, D.D. Serms., &c., 1670-1724. New
ed. of Archbp. Parker's De Antiquitate Britannica Eccle-
siæ. 1729, fol.
Serms., 1676, 77.
thor and bookseller, was the first to establish an Antiqua-
Drake, Samuel G., b. 1798, in New Hampshire, au-
Wars, 1825, 12mo. Indian Biography, 1832. 12mo. Book
rian Bookstore in the U. S., (Boston, 1828.) Hist. of Indian
of the Indians, 1833. New ed., enlarged, 1852, Svo. Old
Regr., S vols. 8vo. Hist. and Antiquities of Boston, 1855,
Indian Chronicle, 1836, 18mo. New Eng. Hist. and Gen.
pp. 768. Contrib. to numerous periodicals.
The Book of the Indians is a work of high authority for facts."
Drake, Rev. W. Antiquarian papers in Archeol.,
1777. 79, 'S9.
Drake, Sir Wm. Speech in Parl., Lon., 1641, 4to.
Drake, Wm. Serm.. York, 1745, Svo.
Drake, Rev. Wm.
Lon.. 1847-53.
Theolog. and educational works,
Dralloc, John. See COLLArd, Joan.
519
DRA
DRA
Dransfield, Wm. Short Serms. for Families and
Tillages, Lon., 1824–33, 3 vols. 12mo; many eds.
"The sentiments are strictly scriptural and evangelical, ex-
Fressed in a clear and perspicuous style. and the subjects of
which they treat of the greatest importance."-Lon. Congreg. Mag.
Guide to the Choice of Books, 12mo. Family Worship,
6th ed., 1848, p. Svo.
"Drant is equally bold and familiar with Latimer-but more
quaint, with greater affectation of learning and with less warmth
of eloquence than Fox." See Tanner; Phillips's Theatrum Poeta-
rum; Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poetry; Brit. Bibliographer.
Drant, Thomas. Serms., 1637.
Draper, Charles. Fables, Lon., 1761, 12mo.
Draper, Lt. Col. E. A. Address to the Public in
the case of Brig. Gen. Picton, &c., 1806.
Drant, Thomas, D.D., d. about 1578? a divine of
some celebrity-"better known as the first English metri-
cal translator of Horace in 1567, a work of excessive rarity
when found in a perfect state," (Dibdin)—was a zealous
opponent of Popery. See a notice of, and extracts from,
his Three godly and learned Sermons, 1584, Svo, in Dib-
din's Library Companion. He pub. several other original be forgotten, so long as his own great poem shall be fresh
He takes care that the name of his benefactor shall never
works and translations.
in men's memory:
Draper, Henry. Lectures on the Liturgy, Lon., 1806,
8vo; on the Collects, 1813, '14, 3 vols. Svo.
"A perspicuous, sensible, evangelical exposition."-Lon. Eclectic
Review.
"Contains no small portion of the jargon of the conventicle.”—
Lon. Critical Review.
Draper, John Wm., b. 1811, near Liverpool, Eng-
land; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania. 1836;
Prof. of Chemistry in the University of N. York, 1839; has
pub. many valuable treatises on chemistry, physiology, and
mixed mathematics. Some of his memoirs on the chemical
action of light have been trans. in France. Germany, and
Italy. Human Physiology, Statical and Dynamical; or,
The Conditions and Course of the Life of Man being
the Text of the Lectures delivered in the Medical Depart
ment of the University of New York; illustrated by nearly
300 fine wood-cuts from photographs; new ed., N. York,
1858, Svo, 650 pages.
"Stands first of our physiological treatises.”—Lon. Med. Times.
"Deserves to be in the library of every student of physiology."
-Lon. Athen.
Draper, Lyman C₂, b. 1815, near Buffalo, N. York.
Since 1833 he has been actively engaged in collecting facts
relating to the History and Biography of the Western
States of the U.S., and the result of his researches present
perhaps the most valuable collection of material for a
series of border-biographies ever made. Such a series is
now (1858) in course of preparation by Mr. D., assisted
by Benson J. Lossing, Esq. He edited with ability vols.
i., ii., and iii. of the Hist. Soc. of Wisconsin Collection.
Draper, W. H. The Morning Walk and other Poems,
Lon., 1751, 8vo.
.
Draper, Sir Wm., Lt. Genl. and K. B., 1721-1787, Lt.
Govr. of Minorca, 1779, visited America in 1769, in which
year he married Miss De Lancey, daughter of the Chief
Justice of New York. This lady died in 1778, leaving a
daughter, born 1773.
Sir Wm. is best known by his controversy with Junius,
an account of which will be found in Woodfall's edit. of
Junius's Letters, Lon., 1812. Answer to the Spanish Ar-
guments, Lon., 1764, Svo. Observs. on Murray's Defence,
1783, 4to.
Draper, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1791, 8vo. 20 Serms.,
1796, Svo.
of his want of success in gaining the smiles of the court
upon the accession of James I.:
"They are written in plain and easy language, and are well
adapted to the abilities of country congregations."
"I have neglected my papers [the Poly Olbion] sometimes two
years together, finding the times since his majesty's happy coming
in, to fall so heavily upon my distressed fortunes, after my zealous
soul had laboured so longia that which, with the general happiness
of the kingdom seemed not then impossible somewhat also to have
advanced me. But I instantly saw all my long-nourished hopes
even buried alive before my face: so uncertain in this world be
the end of our deprest endeavours! And whatever is herein that
tastes of a free spirit, I thankfully confess to proceed from the con-
tinued bounty of my truly noble friend Sir Walter Aston; which
hath given me the best of those hours, whose leisure bath effected
this which now I publish."
“Trent, by Tixall graced, the Astons' ancient seat,
Which oft the Muse hath found her safe and sweet retreat."
The Earl of Dorset proved as kind to his age, as Sir Wal-
ter Aston had to his earlier years, and under the roof of
this generous nobleman he spent his declining days in re-
pose and comfor', beloved by his associates, and admired
by his countrymen at large.
In 1593 he pub. a collection of pastoral pieces under
the title of Idea: the Shepherd's Garland, fashioned in 9
Eglogs, &c., 4to. Reprinted as Pastorals, &c., with the
Man in the Moon, &c., 1619, fol. A few years later he
gave to the world the Barrons' Warres, 4to, (some copies
dated 1596,) and England's Heroical Epistles, 1598, Svo.
The Downfall of Robert of Normandy, Matilda, and Ga-
veston were also written before 1598. In 1613, fol., ap-
peared the first of his principal work The Poly-Olbion,
containing 18 songs. This was reprinted in 1622 with the
addition of 12 songs, making 30 songs in the whole, or
30,000 lines, written in Alexandrian couplets! This folio
is adorned with 30 maps. In 1627 he pub. The Battaile
Calf, Elegies, &c., fol., and in 1630 he pub. The Muses Eli-
of Agincourt, Nymphidia, The Court of Fayrie, The Moon
zium, 4to. Many of his smaller poetical pieces were issued
separately, as his Holy Himnes, Moyses, The Owl, &c.
Collective editions of his poems were pub. in 1605, Svo;
1609, fol.; 1610, Svo; 1613, 8vo; 1619, fol.; 1630, Svo;
1637, 12mo. Works, 1748, fol; 1752, 4 vols. 8vo. See par-
ticulars of editions of his separate and collected works in
Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Among the most admired of his compositions, with the
exception of his principal performance, seem to have been
the Heroical Epistles. They are now held in light estima-
tion, but the Nymphidia can never become obsolete until
the spirit of true poetry shall have lost its charms. In
1814 (r. Svo) Sir S. Egerton Brydges reprinted 100 copies
at the Lee Priory Press.
Burton, the antiquary of Leicestershire, his "near coun-
tryman and old acquaintance," considers that the name of
Drayton alone exalted the poetical eminence of England to
an equality with Italy itself!
"Though those Transalpines account us Tramontani rude and
barbarous, holding our brains so frozen, dull, and barren, that they
can afford no inventions or conceits, yet may he [Drayton] compare
either with their old Dante, Petrarch, or Boccace, or Neoteric Mari-
nella. Pignatello. or Stigliano. But why should I go about to com-
mend him whom his own works and worthiness have sufficiently
extolled to the world?"-Description of Leicestershire.
Drayton was not entirely neglected in the generation
succeeding his own:
"The Barons' Wars contains several passages of considerable
beauty, which men of greater renown, especially Milton, whc
availed himself, largely of all the poetry of the preceding age, have
been willing to imitate."—Hallam's Introduc. to Lit. Hist.
His principal performance, The Poly-Olbion, is indeed
a most singular production. Imagine a poet gravely pro-
posing as the subject of his musc-A Chorographical de-
scription of all the tracts, rivers, mountains, forests, and
other parts of this renowned Isle of Great Britain; with
intermixture of the most remarkable stories, antiquities
wonders, &c. of the same.
Reading Lessons for Children. Pts. 1 and 2, 1812, Svo.
Drapes, Edward. Theolog. treatises, 1646-49, 4to.
Draxe, Thomas. Theolog. works, &c., Lon., 1608-16.
Dray, Thomas. Chronic Diseases, 1772, 8vo.
Drayton, J. B. Poems, 1813, 12mo.
Drayton, John, d. 1822, aged 60, Governor of S. Caro-
ina, 1800-02, and 1808-10, and U. States District Judge,
pub. the historical matériel collected by his father under
the title of Memoirs of the American Revolution from its
commencement to 1776, inclusive, as relating to the State
of S. Carolina, &c., 1821, 2 vols. 8vo. He had previously
pub. View of S. Carolina, 1802, 8vo.
Drayton, Michael, 1563-1631, a native of Hartshill,pable
Warwickshire, is said to have studied for some time at Ox-
ford: this has been questioned, but we think that the tes-
timony of Sir Aston Cokain confirms the statement. For
his education he appears to have been indebted to Sir
Henry Goodere, and among his most eminent patrons
were the Countess of Bedford, and Sir Walter Aston. To
the hospitality of the latter he refers, when complaining
None but a great poet could have made such a subject
attractive, and none but a thorough philologist could have
forced poetry to perform so well the office of prose. Bishop
Nicolson greatly prefers the first portion to its successor:
The first eighteen of these songs had the honour to be pub-
lished with Mr. Selden's notes; the other twelve being hardly ca-
of such a respect.”—English Hist. Lib.
Gi
It was indeed no small advantage to the poet to have so
distinguished an annotator.
“Drayton was honoured by a commentator who must have given
fame to any writer. If Selden's taste was equal to his learning,
Drayton is indeed most highly distinguished."-Dr. Vicesimus
Knor's Essays,
Headley remarks:
“His Poly-Olbion is one of the most singular works this country
520
DRA
DRU
has produced, and seems to me eminently original. The informa-
tion contained in it is in general so acute, that he is quoted as an
authority both by Hearne and Wood. His perpetual allusions to
obsolete traditions, remote events, remarkable facts and persou-
ages, together with his curious genealogies of rivers, and his taste
for natural history, have contributed to render his work very valu-
able to the antiquary."-Select Beauties of Ancient English Poetry.
"His Poly-Olbion is certainly a wonderful work, exhibiting at
once the learning of an historian, an antiquary, a naturalist, and
a geographer, and embellished by the imagination of a poet.”-
Ellis's Specimens of the Early English Poels.
Bp. Nicolson commends the accuracy of The Poly-Olbion:
"it affords a much truer account of this kingdom, and the do
minion of Wales. than could well be expected from the pen of a
poet."-English Dist. Lib.
"Drayton is a sweet poet, and Selden's notes to the earlier part
of the Poly-Olbion are well worth your perusal. . . . Yet there are
instances of sublimity in Drayton."-COLERIDGE.
"There is probably no poem of this kind in any other language,
comparable together in extent and excellence to the Poly-Olbion;
nor can any one read a portion of it without admiration for its
learned and highly-gifted author. Yet perhaps no English poem,
known as well by name, is so little known beyond its name; for
while its immense length deters the common reader, it affords. as
has just been hinted, no great harvest for selection, and would be
judged very unfairly by partial extracts. It must be owned also,
that geographical antiquities inay, in modern times. be taught het-
ter in prose than in verse; yet whoever consults the Poly-Olbion
for such objects will probably be repaid by petty knowledge which
he may not have found anywhere else."-Hallam's Introduc, to
Lit. Hist. See also Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poetry: Biog. Brit.;
Censura Literaria; Brydges's Imaginative Biog.: Disraeli's Ameni-
ties of Lit.; Drake's Shaksp. and his Times; Phillips's Theatrum
Poetarum.
One of the most poetical tributes offered to Drayton's
muse, is that of Dr. Jas. Kirkpatrick:
"Drayton, sweet ancient Bard, his Albion sung,
With their own praise her echoing Valleys rung;
His bounding Muse o'er ev'ry mountain rode,
And ev'ry river warbled where he filcw'd."
Sea-Piece, canto ii.
Drayton, Thomas, D.D. The Promises, Lon., 1657.
Drayton, Chief Justice Wm. Henry, 1742-1779,
one of the principal promoters of American independence,
and President of the Provincial Congress, died suddenly
in Philadelphia, while attending to his duties as a member
of Congress. He compiled a History of the American Re-
volution, &c., which was pub. by his son. See DRAYTON,
JOHN. His descendants now living amply sustain the
honour of the family. See Ramsay's Hist. of the Revolu-
tion in S. Carolina, 1785, 2 vols. 8vo.
Drebel, Cornelius, 1572-1634, a native of Holland,
died in London, where he distinguished himself by his
knowledge of natural philosophy. The principal of his
works is entitled De Natura Elementorum, Hamb.,1621,Svo.
Drelingcourt, P. Speech, Dubl., 1682, 4to.
Drennan, Wm., M.D. A Letter to Earl Fitzwilliam,
and two to Wm. Pitt, 1795, '99.
Drew, Edward. Serm., Lon., 1803, Sro.
G. S. 8 Serms., Lon., 1845, Svo; 1849.
Drew,
"The composition is clear and forcible; the sentiments are evan-
gelical; and the tendency of each discourse is to enlighten and
impress."-Lon. Biblical Rev.
Serm., 1849, Svo. Evening Classes for Young Men; 2
Lect., 1852, 12mo.
Drew,John. Address, 1649; Plea, 1651; both theolog.
Drew, John. Manual of Astronomy, Lon., 1845, r.
18mo; 2d ed., 1853, 12mo.
Drew, Rich. A Balance Level,Nic. Jour., 1808. The So-
ciety of Arts voted Mr. Drew ten guineas for this invention.
Drew, Robert. Serms., 1725, '35, Svo.
Drew, Samuel, 1765-1833, a shoemaker of Cornwall,
a converted infidel, became editor of The Imperial Maga-
zine. Remarks on Paine's Age of Reason, 1798, 1803,
'20. The Immateriality and Immortality of the Human
Soul, 1802, 8vo; Sth ed., 1848, 12mo. Trans. into French.
"This work on the soul is truly wonderful, and nothing like it
was ever published."-Prof. Kidd, in a Letter to J. H. Drew.
"His masterpiece of metaphysical argument is contained in bis
Essay on the Soul, from which he has been styled The English
Plato."-Lon. Christian Remembrancer,
Life of Dr. Coke, 2 vols. Identity and General Resur-
rection of the Human Body, 1809, Svo. Being and Attri-
butes of God, 1820, 2 vols. Svo. Remains, Sermons, &c.,
edited by his son, Svo. Life of, by his son, Svo.
"Incident, anecdote, or sentiment, is in every page; and the
piety, not enthusiasm, but religious philosophy, that runs through-
out, gives a charm to the whole."-Lon. Chris. Advocate.
Drew, Wm. Fontanieu's Art of making coloured
crystals to imitate Precious Stones, Lon., 1789, 8vo.
Drew, Wm. A., b. 1798, in Massachusetts, an agri-
cultural writer. Glimpses and Gatherings during the
Great London Exhibition of 1851, 12mo, pp. 404. Con-
trib. to various religious and agricultural journals.
Drewe, Major Edward, of 35th Regt. Military
Sketches, 1784, Svo.
1
Drewitt, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, 1799, 1801.
Drewry, C. S. Patent Law, Lon., 1838, 8vo. Injunc
tions, 1841, Svo; Supp., 1849. New ed., with Supp., 1849.
Drinker, Anna, a native of Pennsylvania, better
known by the nom de plume of Edith May, has attained
considerable distinction as a poetess. Her contributions
to the Home Journal were highly commended by N. P.
Willis. Poetical Works, 1851, 8vo; 2d ed., 1854.
Her dramatic power. observation of life, imagination, fancy,
and the easy and natural flow of her verse. which is nowhere
marred by any blemish of imperfect taste, entitle this very youth-
ful poet to a place in the common estimation inferior to none occu-
pied by writers of her years. And there are scattered through her
poems gleams of an intelligence which they do not fully disclose,
and felicities of expression betraying latent power greater than is
excited. so that we are not authorized to receive what she has ac-
complished, brilliant as it is, as a demonstration of the entire cha-
racter and force of her faculties."-Griswold's Female Ports cf
America, 1853.
Tales and Poems for Children, 1855, 12mo.
Drinkwater, John, Capt. 72d Regt. Hist. of the
late siege of Gibraltar, with a Description and Account of
that Garrison from the earliest Periods, Lon., 1785, 4to;
new ed., 1844, p. 8vo.
“A book so replete with interest and information, as to be truly
a legend of the United Services of the day.”—United Service Mag.
"One of the most interesting and instructive military histories
in our language. No officer should be without a copy."-Nuvol
and Militory Gaz.
Drisler, Henry, b. 1818, on Staten Island, New
York; graduated at Columbia College, New York City,
1839; appointed Tutor in Ancient Languages in the same
institution. 1843; Adjunct Professor, 1843, and Professor
of Latin, 1847. Assisted Professor Anthon in several of
his classical works; re-edited, with considerable additions,
Liddell and Scott's edition of Porson's Greek Lexicon,
New York, 1851-52, 8vo. The sale of this invaluable
lexicon reached 25,000 copies in two years after publica-
tion, (1851-53.) Had in press a greatly-enlarged edition
of Yonge's English-Greek Lexicon, which was destroyed
by fire. It is now (1858) being re-stereotyped. Professor
Drisler has in a forward state of preparation a Greek-and-
English Lexicon for the use of schools.
Driver, Abr. and Wm. Agricult. of Hants, 1794.
"It claims no particular notice."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Driver, Wm. See DRIVER, ABR.
Drope, Francis. Short and sure guide in the prac-
tice of raising and ordering Fruit Trees, Oxf., 1672, 8vo.
Drope, John. Hymenæan Essay, Oxf., 1622.
Drought, Rev. Robert. Anacreon, with trans, &c.
by the Rev. Hercules Younge, 1802, 12mo.
Drouville, J. B. Lancers, 1811, 4to.
Druery, J. H. Great Yarmouth, 1826, 8vo.
Druitt, Robert. Church Music, Lon., 1845, Svo.
Druitt, Robert. Difficult Subjects in Anatomy and
Surgery, 2d ed., Lon., 1846, '48. Surgeon's Vade Mecum,
6th ed., 1853, 12mo. Principles and Practice of Minor
Surgery. New Amer. ed., by F. W. Sargent, M.D., author
of Modern Surgery, &c., Phila., Svo.
"An unsurpassable compendium, not only of surgical, but of
medical, practice."-Lon. Med. Gaz.
"It is a useful handbook for the practitioner, and we should deem
a teacher of surgery unpardonable who did not recommend it to his
pupils. In our own opinion, it is admirably adapted to the wants
of the student."-Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal.
Drummond, (in association with Bromley.) Obi; or
the History of Three-fingered Jack, 1800.
Appendix to the
Drummond, Dr. Abernethy.
Church Catechism, Lon., 1759, Svo.
Drummond, Alex. Travels, Lon., 1754, fol.
Drummond, Alex. M. Febribus, Edin., 1770, 8vo.
Drummond, Rev. D. T. K. Corresp. between, and
Bp. Terrot, Edin., 1842, Svo. Episcopacy in Scot., 1845.
Other works.
See Moore's Travels, p. 175.
Drummond, Edward. Voyage up the Gambia
Drummond, E. A. H., D.D., 1758-1830. Serm.,
1792, 4to. Catechet. Ques. prior to Confirmation, Lon.,
1813, Svo; 1818.
Drummond, George H. Theolog. works, &c., 1790–
Drummond, Mrs. H.
Theolog. works, Edin., 1845,
Drummond, Henry. Dialogues of Prophecy, 1827–
29, 3 vols. Svo. Defence of the Students of Prophecy,
Lon., 1828, 8vo. Social Duties, or Christian Principles,
1839, sm. Svo. Revealed Religion. 1845, Svo.
1804.
Svo.
"Contains many striking passages of great power, depth, and
truth."-English Churchman.
Drummond, Henry H. Obs. on Edin. Rev., 1810.
Drummond, James L., M.D.
Letters to a Young
521
DRU
DRY
Naturalist on the Study of Nature and Natural Theology, cation of great learning and skill to the varied difficulties of his
Lon., 1832, 12mo.
undertaking.”—British Critic.
"Happily calculated to generate in a young mind, to sustain in
the matured, and to renovate in the old, an ardent love of nature
under all her forms."-Lon. Monthly Review.
First Steps to Botany, 1835, 12mo.
"Adapted to make the study at once attractive and improving
in a high degree."-Lon. Eclectic Review.
First Steps to Anatomy, 1845, fp. Svo.
"The work of a master throwing off the results of his own
knowledge."-Lon. Spectator.
On Natural Systems of Botany, 1845, 12mo.
Drummond, Lord John. His Case, 1715, 8vo.
Drummond, John. Case of A. Oswald, 1715, Svo.
Drummond, John, M.D. Ed. Med. Ess., 1731.
Drummond, John. Grammar, 1767.
Drummond, Dr. R. Grammatical Illustrations,
Bombay, 1808, fol.
Drummond, Robert Hay, 1711-1776, son of the
Earl of Kinnoul, educated at Christ Church, Oxford, Bishop
of St. Asaph, 1748; trans. to Salisbury, 1761; Archbishop
of York, 1761. Serms., a Letter on Theological Study,
and Memoirs of his Life, by his son, George Hay Drum-
mond, Edin., 1803, Svo. These sermons had before been
pub. separately.
Drummond, T. Med. Com., 1789–93.
Drummond, T. Theolog. treatises, 1805–09.
Drummond, T. Theolog. letters, 1812, 12mo.
Drummond, T. B. Forms of Proceedings, &c., 1826.
Drummond, Thomas. Poems, 1756, Svo.
Drummond, William, of Hawthornden, 1585-1649,
is distinguished as the first Scottish poet who wrote well in
English. He was the son of Sir John Drummond, was
educated at the University of Edinburgh, and studied civil
law in France; but upon the death of his father retired to
his beautiful seat at Hawthornden, one of the loveliest
spots in the world. Here it was that Ben Jonson paid
him his memorable visit in 1619. Poems, Edin., 1616, 4to.
Other edits. see Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Cypress Grove, a
moral treatise in prose. Flowers of Zion, or Spiritual
Poems, 1623, 30, 4to. Hist. of Scotland, 1423–1542, Lon.,
1655, fol.; 1681, Svo. Memorials of State, Familiar Epis-
tles, Cypress Grove, &c., 1681, Svo. Polemo Middinia,
Oxf., 1691, 4to. The first macaronic poem by a native of
Great Britain. Works, Edin., 1711, fol.; 1791, sm. Svo.
New edit., with Life by Peter Cunningham, 1833, 12mo.
Among the most admired of Drummond's compositions are
The River of Forth Feasting, On Spring, To the Nightin-English College of Douay in the 17th century. Dramma-
gale, The Praise of a Solitary Life, To his Lute, and Tears
tica Poemata, Douay, 1628, Svo; 1658, 12mo.
on the Death of Moeliades.
Drury, W. B. Reports, 1838, '39, Dubl., 1840, 8vo,
8vo, and R. E. Warren, ditto, 1841, 4 vols. 8vo.
and F. W. Walsh; Reports Irish Chancery, 1839-42, 2 vols.
Drury, Wm., teacher of Poetry and Rhetoric in the
The Forth Feasting is designed to compliment King
James II. on his visit to Scotland in 1617.
"It attracted the envy as well as the praise of Ben Jonson, is
superior in harmony of numbers to any of the compositions of the
contemporary poets of Scotland, and in its subjects one of the most
elegant panegyrics ever addressed by a poet to a prince."-LORD
WOODHOUSELEE: Life of Kames.
"Drummond's sonnets, I think, come as near as almost any
others to the perfection of this kind of writing, which should em-
body a sentiment, and every shade of a sentiment, as it varies with
time and place and humour, with the extravagance or lightness of
a momentary impression."-HAZLITT.
"The sonnets of Drummond of IIawthornden, the most cele-
brated in that class of poets, have obtained probably as much praise
as they deserve. But they are polished and elegant, free from con-
ceit and bad taste, in pure unblemished English; some are pathetic
or tender in sentiment, and if they do not show much originality,
at least would have acquired a fair place among the Italians of the
sixteenth century.”—HALLAM : Introduc. to Lit. Hist.
As a prose writer, though not without great merit, Drum-
mond is not so much admired as in the more congenial walks
of poetry. Yet who can linger over the solemn cadence of
the Cypress Grove, as the moralist argues against unrea-
Bonable fears of the "last enemy," without being continu-
ally reminded of that rare old master of impressive thought
and eloquent language-the wise Leech of Norwich, Sir
Thomas Browne?
Drummond, William H., D.D. Battle of Trafal
gar; a Poem, 1806, 12mo.
gar; a Poem, 1806, 12mo.
Trans. of Lucretius, 1809, cr.
8vo. Giant's Causeway; a Poem, 1812, 8vo.
Drury. Resurrection, 1812, Svo.
Drury, Anna Harriet. Annesley and other Poems,
Lon., 1847, fp. Svo.
“We at once and unhesitatingly couple her name with the fa-
mous names of Goldsmith and Crabbe.”—Lon. Literary Gaz.
Friends and Fortunes; a Moral Tale, 1849, 12mo; 2d ed.,
1853. The Inn by the Seaside, 1852, fp. Svo. Light and
Shade, 1852, 12mo.
Drury, Charles. Farmers' Discovery in Agriculture,
Lon., 1810, Svo; enlarged, 1815, 8vo.
“A person of fruitful ideas, but puny and meagre, and had not
a large grasp of original conception.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Bing.
Drury, Drew. Illustrations of Natural History, Lon.,
1770, 73, '82, 3 vols. 4to, £7 178. 6d., plain; £15 15s., co-
loured. Highly commended by Linnæus, Fabricius, and
others.
Drummond, Sir William, d. 1828. Govt. of Sparta
and Athens, Lon., 1794, r. 8vo. Trans. of the Satires of
Persius, 1798, Svo. Acad. Questions, 1805, 4to, vol. i. Her-
culanensia, 1810, 4to; in conjunction with R. Walpole, Esq.
Punic Inscrip., 1811, r. 4to. Edipus Judaicus, 1811, 8vo.
"The learned baronet gravely maintains that the whole Old Tes-
tament is allegorical; and that a great, if not the leading. object
of it. is to teach a correct system of astronomy."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
This curious work was answered by Drs. D'Oyly, Town-
send, and in the Lon. Quart. Rev., ix. 329. Odin, part 1,
1817, r. 4to. Origines, or remarks on the origin of Em-
pires, States, and Cities, 1824-29, 4 vols. 8vo.
"Opus entomologicus splendidissimus."-REV WM. KIRBY.
"A most beautiful and valuable work on entomology."-HA
WORTH.
New ed., entitled Illustrations of Foreign Entomology,
edited by J. O. Westwood, 1837, 3 vols. 4to, £6 168. 6d. ;
nearly 700 figures, engraved by Moses Harris.
"The exquisite work of Drury displays the complete insect in a
degree of perfection that leaves nothing to be desired.”—Sir James
EDWARD SMITH. Pres. of the Linnean Society.
"Very accurate and excellent figures."-Swainson's Zoological
Illustrations.
"Drury's work has not been surpassed in beauty and accuracy
of execution by any of the sumptuous efforts of the present day."
-Encyc. Brit.: Art. Entomology.
ginal plates, was published under the editorial care of Mr. West
"A few years ago, a new edition, with impressions from the ori•
wood, by Mr. Henry Bohn, the bookseller. It is not easy to speak
of this edition in terms of too high commendation."-SIR WILLIAM
JARDINE.
Drury, Edward. Office of a Bishop, 1709.
Drury, Capt. O'Brien, R.N. Observations on Mag-
netic Fluid; Trans. R. Irish Acad., 1788.
Drury, Robert. Madagascar; or Robert Drury's
Journal during 15 Years Captivity there, Lon., 1722, 8vo.
"The most authentic account of that country that has ever ap
peared."- Wall's Bibl. Brit.
resided for many years in London, where, at the time of
Dryander, Jonas, 1748-1810, a Swedish naturalist,
his death, he was Vice Pres. of the Linnean Society, of
which he was one of the principal founders. He wrote
several botanical treatises, edited some works of a similar
character,and drew up Catalogus Bibliothecæ Historico-Na-
turalis Josephi Banks, Baroneti, 5 vols. 8vo, Londini, 1798.
"An excellent and admirably arranged catalogue; the most
comprehensive of the kind ever published. It contains a collation
of all the articles in the library, and is illustrated with much cu-
rious and important information."-Lowndes.
Drych, Theophilus Evans. Y Prif Oesoedd yn
Ddwy Ran. Argraphwyd, 1716, 8vo. Concerning Wales.
Dryden, Charles, drowned 1704, whilst attempting
to swim across the Thames, near Datchett, was the eldest
son of the great poet. He was educated at Westminster
and King's College, Cambridge. A few Latin and English
fugitive poems comprise his contributions to the literature
of his country.
Dryden, John, b. Aug. 9, 1631, d. May 1, 1700, a na-
tive of Aldwinckle, Northamptonshire, was a son of Eras-
mus Driden, (the poet preferred the substitution of y,) a
rigid Puritan, of an ancient family of great respectability
Erasmus Driden, was created a knight by James I. He
The of the poet, Sir
under the tutorship of the famous Dr. Busby, the stimulat-
had the good fortune to be placed at Westminster School,
ing properties of whose classic rod are well known to fame.
wrote an elegy on the death of Lord Hastings. In 1650
Whilst there he translated the third Satire of Persius, and
he was removed to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he
took the degree of B.A. in January, 1653-54; in 1657 he
was made A.M. by a dispensation from the Archbishop of
Canterbury. In the same year he removed to London,
where he obtained employment as secretary to a relative,
Sir Gilbert Pickering. At this time he was a great admirer
of Oliver Cromwell, and on his death in 1658 Dryden com-
memorated the event in his Heroic Starzas on the late Lord
"Every reader of these pages cannot hesitate to attribute to him
the most patient industry of antiquarian research, and the appli- Protector. He dried his tears, however, in ime to enable
¡
522
DRY
DRY
him to welcome a new sovereign in Astræ Redux, a Poem
on the Restoration, 1660. This was followed by A Pane-
gyrick to his sacred Majesty, King Charles II., on his Co-
ronation, 1661. In 1662 he produced his first play, The
Wild Gallant, which does not seem to have impressed the
public very favourably. Not discouraged, however, he
soon afterwards gave to the world The Rival Ladies, and
The Indian Emperor. The last made him famous; but,
alas, it made him also a married man! It was written in
conjunction with Sir Robert Howard, through whose means
he became acquainted with Lady Elizabeth, eldest daughter
of the Earl of Berkshire. Poets of course must make love
to such of the opposite sex as they happen to encounter;
here was the daughter of an earl, evidently, too, not ill
pleased with his respectful homage. In an evil day he
wooed and won. The parties soon discovered that they
were totally unsuited to each other; so her ladyship railed,
and the poet revenged himself by
"Vending such bitter sarcasms against the matrimonial state as
too plainly bore evidence to his domestic misery."
In 1667 appeared Annus Mirabilis, the Year of Wonders,
being an account of the events of 1666. Here we have
such matters noted down as the Great Fire, the Dutch War,
&c. None but a great poetical genius could have triumphed
over the prosaic impediments to success in a piece of this
character. The following verses, describing the unhappy
condition of those London citizens whose houses had been
destroyed by the fire, and those who were spending their
last night under their loved roofs, are truly graphic:
"Those who have homes, when home they do repair,
To a last lodging call their wandering friends;
Their short uneasy sleeps are broke with care,
To look how near their own destruction comes.
Those who have none. sit round where once it was,
And with full eyes each wonted room require:
Haunting the yet warm ashes of the place,
As murder'd men walk where they did expire."
Dryden's was now a great name with the wits, and in
1668 he succeeded Sir William Davenant as poet-laureate.
His excellent essay upon Dramatic Poetry, published in the
same year, proved that the author was not unworthy of his
new honours. But we are sorry to add, that as a dramatic
author he displays-indeed ostentatiously obtrudes-faults
of the gravest character. No writer seems to be fonder of
what is unholy, unlovely, and of bad report. The becom-
ing decencies of domestic life, the sanctity of the matri-
monial tie, the respect due to the ministers of the Christian
faith, and the awful consideration of accountability to the
Supreme Being, would be deemed strange matters in Dry-
den's dramatic circles.
"Unhappy Dryden! in all Charles's days,
Roscommon only boasts unspotted lays!"-Pope.
The following is a list of the plays, with their appropri-
ate dates, of which Dryden was sole or joint author:
1. THE WILD GALLANT, Comedy, 1662.
2. THE RIVAL LADIES, Tragi-Comedy, 1664.
3. THE INDIAN EMPEROUR, Tragi-Comedy, 1667.
4. SECRET LOVE; or, THE MAIDEN QUEEN, Tragi-Comedy,
1668.
5. SIR MARTIN MAR-ALL, Comedy, 1668.
6. THE TEMPEST, altered by Davenant and Dryden from
Shakspeare, Comedy, 1670.
7. TYRANNICK LOVE; or, THE ROYAL MARTYR, Tragedy,
1670.
8. AN EVENING'S LOVE; or, THE MOCK ASTROLOGER, CO-
medy, 1671.
9. THE CONQUEST OF GRANADA, Tragedy, 1672.
10. ALMANZOR AND ALMAHIDE; or, THE CONQUEST OF Gra-
NADA, part 2, 1672.
11. MARRIAGE A-LA-MODE, Comedy, 1673.
and "tumultuary and confused" proceedings which are al-
Without crediting the "wild story" of the drunken brawl
leged to have interrupted the funeral cortège and delayed
the solemn services for the departed, there seems no reason
to doubt that the body of the most illustrious Englishman
of the day was obliged to wait for its last asylum until the
completion of a hasty subscription enabled the survivors
to discharge the expenses connected with its interment.
He lies in Westminster Abbey, between the graves of Chau-
cer and Cowley.
Of the family of the poet, his widow died insane, after
surviving her husband fourteen years. Charles, the eldest
son, was drowned in the Thames, as already mentioned.
John, the second son, died at Rome in 1701. Erasmus
Henry, the third son, died in 1710; he succeeded to the
title of baronet, which passed to his uncle, the brother of
the poet, and thence to his grandson. The present repre-
sentative of the family (1855) is Sir Henry Edward Leigh
Dryden, of Canons-Ashby.
It is now proper that we should particularize those pro-
ductions of Dryden, in addition to those already noticed,
which have secured him so high and so permanent a posi-
12. THE ASSIGNATION; or, LOVE IN A NUNNERY, Comedy, tion in the republic of English letters. In accordance with
our custom, we shall adduce the opinions of those who by
their own reputation have earned a right to a respectful
1673.
13. AMBOYNA, Tragedy, 1673.
14. THE STATE OF INNOCENCE AND FALL OF MAN, Opera, hearing when they pronounce upon the merits or demerits
of others. The limited space to which we are necessarily
confined will be a sufficient apology for the paucity and
brevity of our quotations.
Absalom and Achitophel, 1681, (of the 2d part, 1684, all
but 200 lines of Dryden's was written by Nahum Tate,) is
a poetical satire against the party which by the manage-
ment of Lord Shaftesbury placed the Duke of Monmouth
at its head. The Duke of Buckingham was the ostensible
author of The Rehearsal, 1671, in which Dryden was ridi-
culed under the name of Bayes. The poet now returned
the compliment by representing Buckingham in the cha-
racter of Zimri, in Absalom and Achitophel. To the second
part, Dryden contributed about 200 lines, in which he in-
1676.
15. AURENGZEBE, Tragedy, 1676.
16. ALL FOR Love, Tragedy, 1678.
17. DIPUS, by Dryden and Lee, Tragedy, 1679.
18. TROILUS AND CRESSIDA, Tragedy, 1679.
19. The Kind KEEPER; or, MR. LIMBERHAM, Comedy,1680.
20. THE SPANISH TYRANT, Tragi-Comedy, 1681.
21. THE DUKE OF GUISE, by Dryden and Lee, Tragedy,
1683.
22. ALBION AND ALBANIUS, Opera, 1685.
23. DON SEBASTIAN, Tragedy, 1690.
"He also brought upon the stage a play of which he only wrote
one scene, called The Mistaken Husband, Comedy, 1675.”
24. AMPHYTRION, Comedy, 1690.
25. KING ARTHUR, Opera, 1691.
See Biog. Dramat.; and for lists of Dryden's various
publications, first editions, &c., see Watt's Bibl. Brit. and
Biog. Brit. To the latter work, to Johnson's and Scott's
Lives of the poet, and to the sources noticed below, we
must also refer the reader for the details of Dryden's lite-
rary life, bis friendships and his quarrels, his successes
and defeats, his trials and his consolations. He was truly
"a man of war from his youth," and his controversies with
the Buckinghams, Rochesters, Shadwells, and Settles of
the day, present any thing but a flattering picture of the
manners and minor morals of that period. We have al-
ready animadverted upon Dryden's share of culpability in
those abuses of the drama which provoked the righteous
indignation of Jeremy Collier. We were pleased to be
able to record also the acknowledgment and repentance of
the erring dramatist.
That his religious impressions became more lively towards
the close of his life, we have good reason to believe. Shortly
after the accession of King James he became a convert to
the Church of Rome, in whose communion he yielded up
his last breath. His sincerity, indeed, has been much
doubted both by contemporaries and posterity; but we are
loath to suspect hypocrisy where the other presumption is
at all tenable. Scott is willing to lean on the side of cha-
rity, and the comments of Dr. Johnson exhibit an excellent
specimen of his rare powers of comprehensive yet terse
argumentation:
6
That conversion will always be suspected that apparently con-
curs with interest. Ile that never finds his error till it binders his
progress towards wealth or honour will not be thought to love
truth only for herself. Yet it may easily happen that information
may come at a commodious time; and, as truth and interest are
not by any fatal necessity at variance, that one may by accident
introduce the other. When opinions are struggling into popularity,
the arguments by which they are opposed or defended become more
known; and he that changes his profession would perhaps have
changed it before, with the like opportunities of instruction. This
was the then state of Popery; every artifice was used to show it in
its fairest form; and it must be owned to be a religion of external
appearance sufficiently attractive.”—Life of Drydin. ·
The Revolution dissipated the hopes which the polemical
poet had entertained of bettering his embarrassed fortunes;
and when, two years later, he was called to his last account,
he left not enough of the substance for which he had so
laboriously toiled to carry him in peace to the "house ap-
pointed for all living."
26. CLEOMENES; or, THE SPARTAN HERO, Tragedy, 1692. troduces Settle and Shadwell under the names of Doeg and
27. LOVE TRIUMPHANT, Tragi-Comedy, 1694.
Og. He never cared for disparity of numbers:
523
DRY
DRY
"Ilis antagonists came on with infinite zeal and fury, discharg-
Ing their ill-aimed blows on every side, and exhausted their
strength in violent and ineffectual rage; but the keen and tren-
chant blade of Dryden never makes a thrust in vain, and never
strikes but at a vulnerable point."-SIR WALTER SCOTT.
Ci
· Of this poem, in which personal satire was applied to the sup-
port of public principles, and in which therefore every mind was
interested, the reception was eager, and the sale so large, that my
father, an old bookseller, told me he had not known it equalled but
by Sacheverell's trial."-DR. JOHNSON.
"The greatest of his satires is Absalom and Achitophel, that
work in which his powers became fully known to the world, and
which. as many think, he never surpassed. . . . The spontaneous
ease of expression, the rapid transitions, the general elasticity and
movement, have never been excelled."-HALLAM: Introduc. to Lit.
History.
The Medal, a satire against sedition, 1681, may be con-
sidered as a continuation of the preceding. It drew forth
bitter responses, and Shadwell's zeal against the satirist
was rewarded by his becoming the hero of Mac Flecknoe,
pub. in the ensuing year.
In this year, also, he gave to the world Religio Laici,
which professes to be a defence of the Holy Scriptures
against deists, papists, and Presbyterians.
Of a far different character, however, are the dogmas
espoused in The Dialogues of the Hind and Panther, 1687,
which is a defence of his newly-adopted church against
the Church of England. We need have no doubts of the
result of a controversy between the milk-white Hind-the
Church of Rome-and the Spotted Panther-the Church
of England. Its effect, however, was rather to injure than
aid the cause which the poet had so much at heart:
"A fable which exhibits two beasts talking Theology, appears at
once full of absurdity; and it was accordingly ridiculed in the City
Mouse and Country Mouse. a parody written by Montague, after-
wards Earl of Halifax, and Prior, who then gave the first specimen
of his abilities."-DR. JOHNSON.
But Mr. Hallam defends the poet's rather unusual vehi-
cle for polemical debate:
"The first lines in the Hind and Panther are justly reputed
among the most musical in our language: and perhaps we observe
their rhythm the better because it does not gain much by the sense;
for the allegory and the fable are seen, even in the commencement,
to be awkwardly blended. Yet notwithstanding their evident in-
coherence, which sometimes leads to the verge of absurdity, and
the facility they give to ridicule, I am not sure that Dryden was
wrong in choosing this singular fiction. It was his aim to bring
forward an old argument in as novel a style as he could; a dialogue
between a priest and a parson would have made but a dull poem,
even if it had contained some of the excellent paragraphs we read
in the Hind and Panther. It is the grotesqueness and originality
of the fable that gives this poem its peculiar zest, of which no
reader. I conceive, is insensible; and it is also by this means that
Dryden has contrived to relieve his reasoning by short but beau-
tiful touches of description, such as the sudden stream of light
from Heaven which announces the conception of James's unfor-
tunate heir, near the end of the second book."-Introduc. to Lit.
History.
In 1693 appeared the folio which contained a trans. of
Juvenal, partly by Dryden, and of Persius, entirely by
Dryden.
"A version completely surpassing all before and all who have
succeeded him."-SIR WALTER SCOTT.
His trans. of Virgil, pub. in 1697, has always been held
in the highest estimation by many critics, but perhaps an
equally erudite verdict could be produced against it. Dr.
Felton defends him against the critics:
"Those who excel him, where they observe he hath failed, will
fall below him in a thousand instances where he hath excelled."
Dissertation on Reading the Classicks, 1730, p. 130. And
Pope remarks in reference to Dryden's translation of some
parts of Homer:
"Had he translated the whole work, I would no more have at-
tempted Homer after him than Virgil; his version of whom (not-
withstanding some human errors) is the most noble and spirited
translation I know in any language."-Preface to Pope's trans. of
Homer's Iliad.
Dr. Trapp (see his trans. of Virgil into blank verse, 1735)
and Mr. Hallam may be cited as dissentients from such
florid panegyric.
In 1700 appeared his Fables, Ancient and Modern, trans-
lated into verse, and modernized from Homer, Ovid, Boc-
cace, and Chaucer. These are probably the best-known to
the present generation of all Dryden's pieces. Though
not without faults of haste and carelessness, the merits of
this collection are not to be questioned. In addition to
the larger pieces, there are a number of
"Short original poems, which, with his prologues, epilogues, and
Fongs, may be comprised in Congreve's remark. that even those,
if he had written nothing else. would have entitled him to the
praise of excellence in his kind."-DR. JOHNSON,
The most celebrated of these compositions is the Ode for
St. Cecilia's Day, commonly known by the name of Alex-
auder's Feast.
"The ode for St. Cecilia's Day, perhaps the last effort of his poetry,
has been always considered as exhibiting the highest flight of fancy,
aud the exactest nicety of art. This is allowed to stand without a
524
rival. If indeed there is any excellence beyond it in some other
of Dryden's works, that ex cellence must be found. Compared with
the ode on Killigrew, it may be pronounced perhaps superior on
the whole, but without any single part equal to the first stanza of
the other."-DR. JOHNSON.
Mr. Hallam considers that both of these odes have been
much overrated:
"Dryden's fame as a lyric poet depends a very little on bis Ode
on Mrs. Killigrew's death, but almost entirely on that for St. Ceci-
lia's Day, commonly called Alexander's Feast. The former, which
is much praised by Johnson, has a few fine lines, mingled with a
far greater number ill conceived and ill expressed; the whole com-
position has that spirit which Dryden hardly ever wanted, but it
is too faulty for high praise. The latter used to pass for the best
work of Dryden, and the best ode in the language. Many would
now agree with me that it is neither one nor the other, and that it
was rather overrated during a period when criticism was not at a
high point. Its beauties indeed are undeniable; it has the raci
ness, the rapidity, the mastery of language which belong to Dry-
den; the transitions are animated, the contrasts effective. But
few lines are highly poetical, and some sink to the level of a com-
mon drinking-song. It has the defects, as well as the merits, of
that poetry which is written for musical accompaniment.”—Intro
duc. to Lit. Hist.
If there be a doubt whether Dryden can claim a placo
in the first class of poets, there can be no question of his
pre-eminence as a writer of prose. A few opinions upon
this department of his labours, together with some com-
ments upon his general characteristics as an author, must
conclude our article.
"The matchless prose of Dryden, rich, various, natural, animated,
pointed. lending itself to the logical and the narrative, as well as
the narrative and picturesque; never balking, never cloying,
never wearying. The vigour, freedom, variety, copiousness, that
speaks an exhaustless fountain from its source: nothing can sur
pass Dryden."-LORD BROUGHAM.
The great Edmund Burke studied the prose of Dryden
with no little interest and profit. His principal prose com-
positions are his Essay on Dramatic Poetry, and his ad-
mirable Prefaces and Dedications.
"Dryden may be properly considered as the father of English
criticism, as the writer who first taught us to determine upon prin-
ciples the merit of composition. Of our former poets, the greatest
dramatist wrote without rules, conducted through life and nature
by a genius that rarely misled and rarely deserted him. Of the
rest, those who knew the laws of propriety had neglected to teach
them."-DR. JOHNSON.
"Dryden as a critic is not to be numbered with those who have
sounded the depths of the human mind, hardly with those who
analyze the language and sentiments of poets, and teach others to
judge by showing why they have judged themselves.... The style
of Dryden was very superior to any that England had seen. He
seems to have formed himself on Montaigne. Balzac, and Voiture;
but so ready was his invention, so vigorous his judgment, so com-
plete his mastery over his native tongue, that in point of style he
must be reckoned above all the three. He had the ease of Mon-
taigne, without his negligence and embarrassed structure of pe
riods; he had the dignity of Balzac, with more varied cadences,
and without his hyperbolical tumour; the unexpected turns of
Voiture, without his affectation and air of effort."—IALLAM, ubi
supra.
6.
The prose of Dryden is the most numerous and sweet, the most
mellon and generous, of any our language has produced."-DR.
WARTON: Essay on Pope.
(C
There is no modern writer whose style is more distinguished.
Energy and ease are its chief characters. . . . His English is pure
and simple, nervous and clear. to a degree which Pope has never
exceeded, and not always equalled."-Dr. Beattie's Essays.
Pope's admiration of Dryden is well known. He de-
clared that
"He could select from his works better specimens of every mode
of poetry than any other English writer could supply.
"As to his writings, I may venture to say in general terms, that
no man hath written in our language so much, and so various
matter, and in so various manners, so well. . . . His prose had all
the clearness imaginable, together with all the nobleness of ex
pression, all the graces and ornaments proper and peculiar to it,
without deviating into the language or diction of poetry. I have
heard him frequently own with pleasure, that, if he had any talent
of English prose, it was owing to his having often read the writ
ings of the great Archbishop Tillotson. His versification and his
numbers he could learn of nobody: for he first possessed those
talents in perfection in our tongue; and they who have succeeded
in them since his time have been indebted to his example; and
the more they have been able to imitate him, the better they have
succeeded."-CONGREVE: Dedication of Dryden's Dramatic works to
the Duke of Newcastle.
"I cannot pass by that admirable English poet, without endea-
vouring to make his country sensible of the obligations they owe
to his Muse. Whether they consider the flowing grace of his ver-
sification. the vigorous sallies of his fancy, or the peculiar delicacy
of his periods, they will discover excellencies never to be enough
admired.”—DR. GARTH: Pref. to the trans. of Ovid's Metamorphoses.
See Biog. Brit., where will be found also Hayley's and
well worth perusal. The celebrated controversy between
Churchill's tributes to Dryden, and many other panegyrics
Miss Seward and Mr. Weston, respecting the comparative
merits of Dryden and Pope, will be found in Gent. Mag.,
1789, '90. The opinions of two distinguished modern
critics, one upon the merits of our author as a poet, the
DRY
DUC
other respecting his excellencies as a writer of prose, must
ccnclude our citations:
"Je is a writer of manly and elastic character. His strong judg-
ment gave force as well as direction to a flexible fancy; and his
harmony is generally the echo of solid thoughts. But he was not
gifted with intense or lofty sensibility; on the contrary, the grosser
any idea is, the happier he seems to expatiate upon it. The trans
ports of the heart, and the deep and varied delineations of the
passions, are strangers to his poetry. He could describe character
in the abstract, but could not embody it in the drama; for he en-
tered into character more from clear perception than fervid sym-
pathy. This great High-Priest of all the Nine was not a confessor
to the finer secrets of the human breast. Had the subject of
Eloisa fallen into bis hands, he would have left but a coarse draught
of her passion."-Campb W's Essay on English Portry.
"The prose of Dryden may rank with the best in the English
language. It is no less of his own formation than his versifica-
tion; it is equally spirited and equally harmonious. Without the
lengthened and pedantic sentences of Clarendon, it is dignified
when dignity is becoming, and is lively without the accumulation
of strained and absurd allusions and metaphors. which were un-
fortunately mistaken for wit by many of the author's contempora-
ries."-SIR WALTER SCOTT.
It is difficult to conclude with so many valuable com-
ments around us yet lacking a place, but there must be an
end to all articles. The reader can peruse the subject at
his pleasure, and, to aid his investigations, we recommend
to him the consultation of the following works, in addition
to the many cited above. The biographies, explanatory
prefaces, and critical annotations to be found in many of
the specified editions of the poet's works, will prove in-
valuable auxiliaries to the proper understanding of his
productions, and the literary and political history of the
time:
Miscellaneous Works, Lon., 1702-09, 6 vols. 8vo; 1718.
6 vols. 12mo. Plays, 1725, 6 vols. 12mo. Poems and
Translations, 1743, 2 vols. 12mo. Miscellaneous Works,
with Explanatory Notes and Observations; also an account
of his Life and Writings, 1760, 4 vols. Svo: edited by
Samuel Derrick. Critical and Miscellaneous Prose Works:
with Notes and Illustrations, an Account of the Life and
Writings of the Author, a Collection of his Writings; by
Edmund Malone, 1800, 4 vols. Svo. Works, now first col-
lected, with Notes, Historical, Critical, and Explanatory,
and a Life of the Author, by Walter Scott, 1808. 18 vols.
r. Svo; 2d edit., 1821, 18 vols. Poetical Works, with Notes
by Warton; edited by Mr. Todd, 1812, 4 vols. Svo. Poems,
with Memoir by Rev. John Mitford, 1834, 5 vols. 12mo;
and Boston, 1854, 5 vols. 12mo, &c. Poetical Works, con-
taining original Poems, Tales, and Translations; with
Notes by the Rev. Joseph Warton, D.D., the Rev. John
Warton, and others, 1851, r. Svo. Poetical Works, with
Life, Critical Dissertation, and Explanatory Notes, by the
Rev. George Gilfillan, Edinburgh and New York, 1855, 2
vols. r. Svo. Reviews of Dryden's Works, and of various
editions: Scott's edition, Edin. Rev.. xiii. 116; Analect.
Mag., ii. 148. Works, Edin. Rev., (T. B. Macaulay,) xlvii.
1; Blackw. Mag., (John Wilson,) lvii. 133, 503. Dramatic
Works, Retrosp. Rev., i. 113. Poetical Works, Museum,
xiii. 162. Prose Works, Retrosp. Rev., iv. 55. Life and
Times of Dryden, Eelec. Rev., 4th s., xi. 47. Dryden on
Chaucer, (John Wilson,) Blackw. Mag., lvii. 617,771. Dry-
den and Pope, Blackw. Mag., ii. 679; (John Wilson,) lvii.
369. Dryden and his Times, Westm. Rev., Ixiii., number
for April, 1855.
Dryden, John, 1668?-1701, second son of the pre-
ceding, trans. the 14th satire for his father's Juvenal, and
wrote a Comedy, for which his father wrote a preface, en-
titled The Husband his own Cuckold, Lon., 1696, 4to. In
1776 was pub.,from his MS., Voyage to Sicily and Malta,Svo.
Dryden, John, Surgeon. Med. Com., 1788.
Drysdale, John, D.D., 1718-1788, a native of Kirk-
caldy, minister of the Tron Church, Edinburgh. Serms.,
with Life by A. Dalzel, Edin., 1793, 2 vols. 8vo.
"The style is everywhere forcible and impressive, and, at the
same time, pure, perspicuous, and elegantly simple."-Dr. Wм.
MOODIE.
"He possessed a most uncommon fertility of original thought."
-PROF. Dalzel.
Drysdale, Wm. Popery Dissected, 1799, Svo.
Dryswich, Ambrose. The Setting Sun; a Poem,
Lon., 1812, Svo.
Duane, James, d. 1797, first Mayor of N. York after
its recovery from the British, member of Congress and
Judge, pub. a Law Case. See Documentary History of N.
York.
Duane, Matthew. Coins of Macedonia. The Plates
by Bartolozzi, 4to. Brockett, 1237, £2 28. See Lowndes's
Bibl. Man., ii. 614.
Duane, Wm., of Philadelphia, 1760-1835, a native
of the province of New York. 1. Mississippi Question,
Phila., 1803, 8vo. 2. Military Dictionary, Phila., 1810,
8vo. 3. An Epitome of the Arts and Sciences, 1811
4. Visit to Colombia in 1822, '23, Svo.
Duane, Wm., b. 1807, at Philadelphia. 1. Passages
from the Remembrancer of Christopher Marshall, contain-
ing a Revolutionary Journal; edited by Wm. Duane, Phila.,
1839, 12mo. New ed., enlarged, entitled Passages from the
Diary of Christopher Marshall, 1849. 2. View of the Re-
lation of Landlord and Tenant in Pennsylvania, 1844, Svo.
•
ness of its style. but its lucid and judicious arrangement of the
It does infinite credit to the author, not only from the clear-
decisions upon the subject."
3. A View of the Law of Roads, Highways, Bridges,
and Ferries in Pennsylvania, 1848, 12mo. 4. Coffee, Tea,
and Chocolate: their influence upon the health, the intel-
lect, and the Moral Nature of Man; translated from the
French, 1846, 12mo.
Duane, Wm. J., of Phila., b. 1780, at Clonmel, Ireland.
1. The Law of Nations investigated in a Popular Manner
Phila., 1809, Svo. 2. Letters to the People of Penna. on
Internal Improvements, 1811. Svo. 3. Narrative and Cor-
resp. conc. the Removal of the Deposites. 1838, Svo.
Du Barry, Edmond L., M.D., Surgeon U.S. Navy.
The United States: its Power and Progress: trans. from
the French of Guillaume Tell Poussin, Phila.. Svo.
Dubois, Edward. The Wreath: translations, 1799,
Svo. Old Nick, 1862, 3 vols. 12mo. Boccaccio's Decame-
ron, 1804, 2 vols. Svo. Francis's Horace, with addit. Notes,
1807. 4 vols. 12mo.
1807. 4 vols. 12mo. My Pocket-Book. 1807, 12mo.
Dubois, J. A. 1. The Character, Manners, Customs,
and Institutions of the People of India. Lon., 4to; Phila.,
2 vols. 8vo. 2. Letters on Christianity in India, Lon., Svo.
Dubois, P. B. Reflections, Oxon., 1721, Svo.
Dubois, Peter. Serins., 1732, '37, Svo.
Dubose, Catherine A., a daughter of the Rev. Wm.
Richards, is a native of England, but arrived in America
whilst yet a child. In 1849 she was married to Mr. Charles
W. Dubose, a lawyer of Georgia. Within the last year or
two she has contributed a number of poetical pieces to the
Southern Literary Gazette, edited by her brother, Mr. Wm.
C. Richards, of Charleston, South Carolina. Mrs. Dubose
is also a sister of Mr. Thomas A. Richards, a painter and
poet, resident in New York.
Dubost. Appeal to the Public, 1810, 8vo.
Dubost, Chr. Merchant's Assist., Lon., 1804, 8vo.
Elements of Com., 1808, 2 vols. Svo. Commer. Arithmetic,
Lon., 12mo.
"A very neat, clear, and precise treatise.”—Lon. Month. Review.
Dubourdieu, John. Serms., &c., 1696–1724.
Dubourdieu, John. Statistical Survey of the County
of Antrim, Dubl., 1812. 2 vols. Svo.
Dubue, M. Alcohol, Phil. Mag., 1814.
Ducarel, Andrew Coltee, 1713-1785, an eminent
antiquary and civilian, commissary of St. Catherine's and
Canterbury, pub. a number of topographical and antiqua-
rian works, a list of which will be found in Watt's Bibl.
Brit., and notices in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes. Two
of his best-known works are: Anglo-Gallic, Norman, and
Aquitain Coins, Lon., 1757, 4to. A new edit. has been long
promised. Anglo-Norman Antiquities considered in a Tour
through Normandy, 1767, fol.
"A valuable work on this particular subject."—Slevenson's Toy-
ages and Travels.
Ducarel, P. J. Orig. Poems and trans., 1807, cr. Svo.
De Wyrhale, Svo. Paraphrase of the Psalms, &c.. Svo.
Duchal, James, 1697-1761, an Irish Nonconformist
divine, settled successively at Cambridge, Antrim, and
Dublin. Arguments for the truth of the Chris. Relig., &c.,
Lon., 1753, Svo.
"A work of singular merit."-KIPPIS.
Serm., 2d ed., 1765, 3 vols. Svo.
"Our author's style is in general nervous and clear.”—Lon. Crity
cal Reviero.
Duché, Jacob, D.D., d. 1798, aged about 60, Rector
of Christ's Church and St. Peter's, Philadelphia, was a na-
tive of that city. His pulpit oratory was greatly admired.
Serm., 1775, Svo. Caspipina's Letters, Phila., 1774, 12mo;
Bath, England, 1777, 2 vols. 8vo. See Rich's Bibl. Amer.
Nova, 1774, 77. Letter to Gen. Washington on the Decla-
ration of Independence, Bath, 1777, 4to. Discourses on
various Subjects, Lon., 1779, 2 vols. 8vo; 1790.
edits. Serm., 1781, 8vo.
Three
"His discourses have great warmth and spirit; and at times are
in the strain of our old divines."-Lon. Monthly Review.
Duck, Arthur, 1580–1649, an eminent English civi-
lian, Chancellor of London, and Master of the Requests.
Vita Henrici Chichele, &c., Oxon., 1617, 4to. In English,
and added to Bates's Lives, Lon., 1681, 4to; and agair
525
DUC
DUF
pub., 1699, 8vo. De Usu et Auctoritate Juris Civilis Ro-
manorum in dominiis principum Christianorum, Lon., 1653,
79, 8vo; several edits. at home and abroad: added to De
Ferrière's Hist. of the Civil Law, Lon., 1724, 8vo. In
this work Duck had the assistance of the learned Dr. Ge-
rard Langbaine.
to John, Duke of Northumberland, and a favourite of
Queen Elizabeth. Specches; preserved in the Cabala,
Strype's Annals, and Peck's Desiderata Curiosa. Lawes
and Ordinances, Lon., 4to.
In and Ordinances, Lon., 4to. See Secret Memoirs of the
Earl of Leicester, 1706, 8vo; His Life, 1727, Svo; Secret
Memoirs of Queen Elizabeth, 1706. Svo.
Duck, Stephen, who drowned himself in the Thames.
in a fit of insanity, was originally a thresher, but became
a clergyman of the Church of England. He wrote a good
deal of poetry, which is only remarkable from the humble
condition and limited opportunities of the author. The
reader will find his biography in Southey's Lives of Un-
educated Poets. Poems, Lon., 1730, Svo; 1736, 4to; 1738,
8vo. Truth and Falsehood, a Fable, 1734, fol. Alrick
and Isabel, a Poem, 1740, fol. Cæsar Camp, a Poem, 1755,
4to. Poems, with Memoirs of his Life by Spence,1794.12mo.
Swift indulges in some humour at the expense of Duck's
poetical pretensions.
|
Duckett, Sir George. Trans. of Michaelis's Burial
and Resurrection of Jesus Christ, Lon., 1827, 12mo. Mi-
chaelis shows that the testimony of the evangelists is suffi-
cient to place the resurrection of Christ beyond the reach
of doubt. See a review in British Critic and Theolog.
Rev., v. 531.
Duckett, Thomas. Proceedings concerning the im-
provement of all manner of Land, &c., 1659.
Ducy, Sir Simon. Speech against the 12 Bishops
accused of High Treason, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Duddell, Benj. Treatises on the Eye, Lon., 1729–36.
Dudgeon, G. Overseers of the Poor, Lon., 1838, Svo.
Dudgeon, Wm. Unity of God, &c., 1737, 8vo.
Dudley. See NORTH.
Dudley, Dean, b. 1823, in Kingfield, Maine, a mem-
ber of the Boston Bar. 1. The Dudley Genealogies, Bost.,
1848, 8vo. 2. Pictures of Life in England and America,
1851, Svo.
Dudley, Dud. Metallum Martis, Lon., 1665, 12mo.
Dudley, Edmund, 1462-1510. executed for high trea-
son, wrote a book, still in MS., entitled The Tree of the
Commonwealth.
"We are confident that this work of Dr. Duer on the important
contract of Marine Insurance will not suffer by a comparison with
the writings of any other jurist. It is, so far as it has gone, the
most complete and able treatise on the subject which has ever ap-
peared in our language."
3. A Discourse on the Life, Character, and Public Ser-
vices of James Kent, late Chancellor of the State of New
York, delivered by request before the Judiciary and Bar of
the City and State of N. York, April 12, 1848: N. York,
D. Appleton & Co., 1848.
Letters to the Bishop of Llandaff, 2d
|
"A most able and interesting eulogy."-W. C. BRYANT.
Dudley, Earl.
ed., Lon., 1840, Svo.
"A most interesting volume."-Lon. Lit. Gazette.
4. Reports of Cases argued and determined in the Supe-
Dudley, C. W. Reports Cases Ct. Appeals S. Caro-rior Court of the City of N. York; vol. v. Mr. Duer was
lina. 1837, 38, Columbia, 1838, 8vo; ditto, Cases at Law, one of the revisers of the laws of New York; and in con-
1837, 38, Columbia, 1838, Svo.
junction with his colleagues, the Hon. Benjamin F. Butler
and the Hon. John C. Spencer, has published three editions.
of the Revised Statutes of that State. He was Chief-Jus-
tice of the Superior Court of the city of New York, and
official reporter of its decisions, at the time of his death.
Dudley, F. Amoroso, a Novel, 1810.
Dudley, G. M. Reports Cts. Law and Chancery of
Georgia, N. York, 1837, 8vo.
Dudley, Sir Gamaliel. Letter to Prince Rupert,
Oxon., 1644, Svo.
Dudley, Howard. Hist. and Antiq. of Horsham,
1836, sm. Svo. Composed, printed, and the Illustrations
engraved and lithographed from original Sketches by a
youth under sixteen.
Dudley, Rev. Sir Henry Bate, 1745-1824, Bart.,
LL.D., Prebendary of Ely, was distinguished as a political,
Literary, and convivial character, and still more as a most
energetic magistrate. He established several influential
journals, and wrote eight dramatic pieces, for a list of which
see Biog. Dramat. The Rival Candidates, a Comic Opera,
was pub. in 1775, Svo, and The Travellers in Switzerland,
also a Comic Opera, in 1793, Svo; and again in 1794, Svo.
Sir Henry also wrote some tracts on political economy.
See a biographical notice of this gentleman in the Gent.
Mag., vol. xciv., pt. 2, 273, 638.
Dudley, Lady Jane. See GREY.
Dudley, John, Duke of Northumberland, &c., 1502-
1553, father-in-law of the preceding, and also executed for
high treason. Sayings vpon the Scaffolde, Lon., 1553, 8vo;
and 8. a.
Dudley, Sir Robert, 1573-1639, son of the preced-
ing, by the Lady Douglas Sheffield, lived in great magni-
ficence at his castle in Florence, where he ended his days.
Voyage to the Isle of Trinidad; see Hakluyt's Voyages, p.
574, 1598. Catholicon. A Proposition; see Rushworth's
Collections. Del l'Arcano del Mere, 1636, 46, fol.; 1661.
Dudley, Sir Wm. His Case, fol.
Dudley, John, Archdeacon of Bedford. Sermon on
Phil. iii. 16, 1729, 8vo; two do. on the Privileges of the
Clergy, 1731, 8vo.
Dudley, John. Serm., Lon.. 1807, 4to. Metamor-
phosis of Sona: a Hindoo Tale, 1811, Svo.
Dudley,John. Identity of the Niger and the Nile, 1821.
Dudley, Rev. John. Naology; or a Treatise on
Sacred Structures, Lon., 1846, 8vo. The Anti-Materialist;
denying the Reality of Matter, 1849, 8vo.
Dudley, Joshua. His Memoirs, Lon., 1772. Svo.
Dudley, Sir Matthew. On Insects in the Bark of
decaying Elms and Ashes, Phil. Trans., 1705.
Dudley, Paul, 1675-1751, Chief Justice of Massa-
chusetts, pub. 12 treatises on Nat. Hist., &c. in Phil. Trans.,
1720-35, and a theolog. essay against the Church of Rome.
Dudley, Robert, 1532?-1588, Earl of Leicester, son
526
Duer, John, LL.D., 1782-1858, an eminent jurist, a
native of Albany, N.Y. His publications are: 1. A Lecture
on the Law of Representations in Marine Insurances, with
Notes and Illustrations, N. York, 1844, pp. 256. Mr. Ar-
nould praises this work as "vigorous, learned, and original."
(Arnould on Mar. Ins., Lon., 1848, vol. i. 489, note.)
2. The Law and Practice of Marine Insurance deduced
from a critical examination of adjudged cases, the nature
and analogies of the subject, and the general usage of
commercial nations, vol. i., pp. 775, N. York, 1845; vol. ii.,
pp. 808, N. York, 1846, Svo. A full review and critical
analysis of this elaborate work, from the pen of Professor
Moore of the University of Edinburgh, will be found in the
London Magazine and Quarterly Review of Jurisprudence,
for November, 1848. The writer says:
Duer, William Alexander, 1780-1858, brother of
the preceding. Their father was Col. Wm. Duer, a pro-
minent delegate to the Continental Congress, and their
mother was a daughter of Lord Stirling, of the Revolution.
Both brothers occupied a high position in their native
State. They died within a few weeks of each other. He
was the author of two pamphlets addressed to Cadwallader
D. Colden on the Steamboat Controversy.
Dufay. Oil of Olives as a Cure for the Bite of Vipers;
Phil. Trans., 1738.
Duff, A. Feudal Rights, Edin., 1838, Svo. Deeds,
chiefly affecting Movables, 1840, Svo. Comment. on Re-
cent Stat. in Conveyancing, 1847, Svo.
Duff, Alexander, D.D., b. 1808, Perthshire, Scot-
land, of the Free Church of Scotland Mission, Calcutta.
Missions the Chief End of the Christian Church, Edin.,
1839, 18mo. On India and India Missions, 1839, Svo.
"India and India Missions will doubtless take a high place in
the Christian literature not merely of the day but of the age, and
greatly extend the missionary spirit and zeal of the country."-
Guardian. See also Presbyterian Review.
The Jesuits their Origin, &c.; 2d ed., 1845, 8vo. Mis-
sionary Addresses. 1850, fp. Svo. Addresses at the Assem.
of the Free Church, 1851, fp. 8vo. Other works on Missions.
The Indian Rebellion: its Canses and Results, 1858, 8vo.
Duff, James Grant. A Hist. of the Mahrattas, Len.,
1826, 3 vols. 8vo.
"Besides the records of the Mabratta Governments of Poona
and Satara, and those of the English East India Company, the
authorities for this work are from a great variety of authentic
sources. hitherto inaccessible to the public."
Duff, P. North American Accountant, N. York, Svo.
A comprehensive and valuable work.
Duff, Rev. W. Original Genius, 1767, 8vo. Criti-
cisms on Poetry, 1770, Svo. History of Rhedi. Letters,
1807, Svo.
Duff, Wm. His Case, 1739, 8vo. Hist. of Scotland
from Robert Bruce to James VI., Lon., 1750, fol.
Dufferin, Lady, granddaughter of Richard Brinsley
Sheridan, and sister of the Hon. Mrs. Norton, has written
many popular songs and ballads, of which the Irish Emi-
grant's Lament is the best known.
DUF
DUG
Dufferin, Lord. Letters from High Latitudes: being
some account of a Yacht-Voyage to Iceland, Jan Mayen,
and Spitzbergen in 1856, Lon., cr. 8vo. Highly commended.
Duffett, Thomas. New Poems, Songs, Prologues,
and Epilogues, Lon., 1676, 8vo. See a list of bis plays in
Biog. Dramat. He ridiculed Dryden, Shadwell, and Settle.
"A vein of scurrility and personal ill-nature is apparent.”
Duffie, C. R. Serms. for Children, N. York, 18mo.
18mo.
Serms., 2 vols. 8vo.
(C
Duffield, George, 1732-1790, a Presbyterian minister
of Philadelphia. Tour with Mr. Beatty along the frontiers
of Penna. Thanksgiving Sermon for the restoration of
Peace, 1783.
Spiritual
¦
Duffield, George, b. 1794, in Pennsylvania. Spiritual
Life, 8vo. Dissertation on the Prophecies, 16mo. Mil-
lenarianism Defended, 16mo. Fugitive Discourses on
Slavery, Capital Punishment, &c. Claims of Episcopal
Bishops Examined, 16mo. Obligation and Perpetuity of
Obligation and Perpetuity of
the Christian Sabbath, 16mo. Contributor to the Biblical
Repository, Presbyterian Mag., &c.
Duffield, John. Singular conduct of Sir W. Lewes,
8vo.
Dufief, N. G. Nature Displayed in teaching French,
19th ed., Lon., 1841, 2 vols. p. Svo; 21st ed., Phila., 2 vols.
8vo; Spanish, 1826, 2 vols. 8vo.
"The greatest merit of Mr. Dufief's system is, in our opinion, its
being so perfectly adapted to English people."—Lon. Magazine.
Pronouncing Fr. and Eng. Dict., new ed., 1847, p. 8vo.
Dufour, Alex. Letter resp. the Naval Pillar, 1799.
Dufour, W. Diseases of the Urinary Passages, &c.,
Lon., 1794, 1801, '08, 8vo. Cure of Rupture, Svo.
Dufton, Wm. Deafness and Diseases of the Ear,
Lon., 1844, 12mo. Amer. ed., Phila., 1848, 12mo.
Duganne, Augustine J. H., born 1823, in the city
of Boston, is the author of many contributions to our na-
tional literature, both in verse and prose.
·
"Mr. Dugaune's lyrical powers are characterized by a nervous
energy, a generous sympathy with humanity, a wonderful com
mand of language, and an ardent hatred of wrong and oppression
In all their forms. These poems we have read with a keen delight
and a growing admiration of their author's genius. They have a
distinct character of their own-and are evidently the strong, un-
restrained, and indignant utterances of a bold spirit. deeply pene
trated with a love for its kind. and intolerant of all despotisms."
Dugard, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, 1673, '87.
Dugard, Thomas. Death and the Grave, 1649.
Dugard, Wm., 1605-1662, an eminent schoolmaster,
pub. a Greek Lexicon and other educational works, 1660, &c.
Dugdale, Gilbert. The Time Triumphant, or the
Arrival of King James into England, Lon., 1604, 4to.
Dugdale, Sir John, son of Sir William Dugdale. A
Catalogue of the Nobility of England according to Prece-
dencies, Lon., 1685, a single folio sheet; reprinted with
addits. in 1690.
Dugdale, Richard. Wicked Plots carried on by
Seignior Genelamon, 1679, &c.
Dugdale, Stephen. His Information at the Bar of
Commons, 1680, fol.
"Of the former he has pub.: Home Poems, Ticknor, Bos-
ton, 1844, 18mo. The Iron Harp, Philada., 1847, 18mo.
The Lydian Queen, a Tragedy, produced at the Walnut St.
Theatre, Phila., 1848. MDCCCXLVIII., or the Year of the
People, 1849. Parnassus in Pillory, a Satire, Adriance & Co.,
N. York, 1851. The Mission of Intellect, a Poem, delivered
at Metropolitan Hall, Jan. 20, 1852. The Gospel of La-
bour, a Poem, delivered before Mercantile Library, N. York,
1853. The True Republic; delivered in N. York, 1854,
Poetical Works, Phila., 1856, Svo; illustrated; the first
complete collection of his poems. Prose-Writings: a series
of critiques on contemporary authors, published in Sartain's
Magazine under the title of Revised Leaves:' several
Dramas, twenty or thirty Novelettes and Romances, and
Next to Doomsday Book, it is the most ancient and ample re-
a large number of papers upon a variety of subjects, under cord of the history and descent of the greatest portion of the landed
various noms de plume, in the different magazines and jour-property of this country, and has been admitted as evidence in a
nals of the day." We subjoin a criticism from the pen of court of justice, where the original documents had perished. To
Wm. H. Burleigh:
the Clergy this work possesses an interest not only of an antiqua-
rian and historical character, but one which has a more solid claim
to THEIR NOTICE. By its means they are frequently enabled to set-
questions respecting the property of the Church; and a reference
tle, without employing the costly machinery of the law, disputed
to a very copious index added by the Editors to the Work, will
mentioned in its pages.
show at once that there is scarcely a single parish which is not
To give some idea of the vast expense of the new edit.,
we need only mention that the cost of drawing and en-
graving the plates was SIX THOUSAND GUINEAS!
speak in terms of exaggeration:
Of the value of this great work it would be difficult to
speak in terms of exaggeration:
i.
Dugdale, Sir William, 1605-1686, one of the most
distinguished of the many learned autiquaries of whom
England can boast, was a native of Shustoke, near Coles-
hill, Warwickshire. He was educated at the free-school
of Coventry, and afterwards instructed in civil law and
history by his father. In 1638 he settled in London, and
In 1638 be settled in London, and
formed an acquaintance with several noted antiquaries,
whose influence promoted his taste for the departments
of learning in which they delighted. By the aid of Sir
Henry Spelman he was created a pursuivant-at-arms ex-
traordinary, by the name of Blanch Lyon; in 1640 was
made Rouge-Croix-pursuivant in ordinary, and in 1677 |
was solemnly created Garter principal king-at-arms. The
next day, much against his will, the king conferred upon
him the honour of knighthood. To this step Charles II.
was no doubt incited by gratitude, as much as by the ex-
traordinary merits of the antiquary, for Dugdale had been
one of the most devoted adherents of Charles I. We pro-
ceed to notice his principal works: 1. Monasticon Angli-
canum, Londini, 1655, '61, '73, 3 vols. fol. Vols. i. and ii.
were collected and written by Roger Dodsworth, but ar-
ranged, supplied with indexes, and corrected through the
press, by Dugdale. Dodsworth died before the tenth part
of the first vol. was printed. The general preface to the
Monasticon was written by Sir John Marsham. Vol. i.
was reprinted with addits. in 1682, and the whole work was
epitomized in English, page by page, by James Wright,
the historian of Rutlandshire, in 1695, 1 vol. fol. Another
edit., abridged, in English, was pub. in 1718, fol., and two
additional vols., entitled The History of the Ancient Ab-
beys, Monasteries, Hospitals, Cathedrals, and Collegiate
Churches, were pub. in 1722, '23, fol., by Capt. John Ste-
vens.
Mr. Peck announced a fourth vol. as nearly ready
in 1735, (never pub.,) and left some MS. vols. in 4to, now
in the British Museum. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes,
and Ayscough's Catalogue, vol. i., p. 55-67. A new edit.
of the Monasticon, considerably enlarged and improved
by John Caley, Henry Ellis, and the Rev. B. Bandinel, D.D.,
was pub. in 54 parts, 1817-30, at £141 15s.; on imp. fol.
large paper, proofs, £283 10s. Re-issue, 1846, 8 vols. fol,
£31 108.; in 1849 at 20%. pr. part. Pub. as Coney's Archi-
tecture of the Middle Ages, in parts, containing 12 plates,
at one guinea each. The new edit., 1817-30, (again, 1846
&c.) of the Monasticon, contains 241 views of ecclesiasti-
cal edifices-Monasteries, Abbeys, Priories, &c.-engraved
by Coney after the originals by Hollar and King.
·
"Cette édit. renferme toute la substance de la continuation de
Stevens, d'autres augmentations et les notes des éditeurs; en
outre, beaucoup de nouvelles figures sont ajoutées aux anciennes,
que l'on a copiées avec exactitude. Tels sont les avantages qui la
font préférer aux premières édit."
font préférer aux premières édit."- BRUNET: Manuel, dc.
:
This NEW EDITION is the only one which can be hereafter con-
sulted for information, or quoted for authority, on subjects con-
nected with Church History and Ecclesiastical Property... It may
be honestly avowed that the annals of the Press, in no country
throughout Europe, can boast of a nobler performance; whether
on the score of accuracy and fulness of intelligence, or of splendour
of paper, type, and graphic embellishments.”—Dibdin's Library
Companion.
The Clergy, the Lawyer, the Antiquary, the Historian, the
Architect, and Topographer, as well as the possessor of real pro-
perty. will find the MONASTICON ANGLICANUM one of the most inte-
resting and indispensable works that has ever issued from the press
of this country."
The reader will find some valuable remarks on this work,
and many interesting particulars respecting the author, in
The Life, Diary, and Correspondence of Dugdale, by Wm.
Hamper, 1827, r. 4to.
2. The Antiquities of Warwickshire, 1656, fol. This
work was the result of twenty years' indefatigable research.
"It must stand at the head of all our county histories.”—Gough,
"There are works which serupulous accuracy, united with stub-
born integrity, has elevated to the rank of legal evidences; such
is Dugdale's Warwickshire."-DR. WHITAKER.
Second edit., revised, augmented, and continued by Wm.
Thomas, D.D., 1730, 2 vols. fol.
Mr. Gough charges Dr. Thomas with being careless in
his authorities, and giving himself very little pains to ob-
tain information.
tain information. The Antiquities of Warwickshire Illus-
trated, Coventry, 1765, fol. This wretched affair was pub.
by a bookseller, who could not be punished by banishment
to Coventry, as he already graced that famous locality.
3. The History of St. Paul's Cathedral in London, from its
first foundation, Lon., 1658, fol. ; 2d edit., corrected by the
author's own hand, with autobiog, details, by Edward May-
nard, D.D., 1716, fol. New edit., with a continuation and
addit. matter, and some new plates, by Sir Henry Ellis,
1818, fol. This edit. is printed in double columns, and the
527
DUG
DUN
|
plates, principally by W. Finden, are faithful copies from
the originals. The addit. plates are illustrations of the
present cathedral. 4. The History of Imbanking and
Drayning of divers Ferns and Marshes, 1662, fol. This
valuable work was published
"At the instance of the Lord Gorges and others, who were the
principal adventurers in that costly and laudable undertaking for
draining the great level extending into a considerable part of the
counties of Cambridge, Huntingdon, Northampton, Norfolk, and
Suffolk."Wood.
Second edit., revised and corrected, with three indexes,
by Charles Nalson Cole, 1772, fol. 5. Origines Juridiciales;
or Hist. Memoirs of the English Laws, Courts of Justice,
Forms of Trial, &c., 1666, fol.; 2d edit., with addits. in
the Savoy, Lon., 1671, fol.; 3d edit., with addits., Lon.,
1680, fol.
"Our first inquiries after the History of the Laws of this king-
dom ought to begin with the careful reading of Sir William Dug
dale's Origines Juridiciales; which we shall find so accurately
penned, and with so good a mixture of learning and judgment,
that 'twill almost do the work alone. I cannot give a better view
of this most elaborate treatise, than by telling the reader that it
fully answers its title-page.”—BISHOP NICOLSON: Eng. Hist. Lib.
6. Chronica Juridicialia, 1658, Svo. A good abridgment
of the above. The compiler was faithful, in one sense at
least, for he transfers Sir William's materials by wholesale
to his own pages, at which unblushing piracy old Anthony
Wood waxes wroth: "Published," says he, "by some down-
right plagiary, purposely to get a little money."
¦
7. The Baronage of England, 1675, 76, 3 vols. in 2, fol.
"A work abounding in the most valuable information."-REV.
T. HUNTER: Hist. of Hallamshire.
"A work which will exist to the latest age, as a monument of its
author's historical knowledge and antiquarian learning."
"The Baronage is distinguished by the most laborious research
and extraordinary accuracy, and confers honour upon its author."
--SIR N. HARRIS NICOLAS.
8. Short View of the late Troubles in England, Oxf., 1681,
fol. 9. The Antient Usage in bearing of Arms, Oxf., 1682,
12mo; 1683, '85, '90. New edit., with addits. by T. C.
Banks, 1811, fol. 10. A Perfect Copy of all Summons of
the Nobility to the Great Councils and Parliaments of this
Realme, Lon., 1685, fol. Sir William also pub. a second
vol. of Sir Henry Spelman's Councils in 1664; John Sel-
den's Discourse concerning the office of Lord Chancellor
of England in 1672, fol.; and wrote part of the folio pub.
in 1716, fol., giving an account of a number of Cathedral
and Collegiate Churches. He was the chief promoter of
Somner's Saxon Dictionary, Oxon., 1659, fol. We have
We have
already referred the reader to Hamper's Life of Sir William
Dugdale: we also notice a life of him in the Heraldic Mis-
cellanies, pub. by the Rev. James Dallaway; another Life
from an original MS., 1713, 8vo, and letters between Dug-
dale and Sir Thomas Browne in the posthumous works of
the latter, 1712, 8vo. We may appropriately conclude our
notice of this great man with the fervid eulogy of a Her-
cules in the same field of research:
Dugné, Charles Oscar, b. 1821, in New Orleans;
1. Essais Poétiques, with a Preface.
educated in Paris.
In 1850 he pub. two.
by A. Rouquette, of Louisiana.
dramatic works, Mila, or The Death of La Salle on the
discoveries of the mouth of the Mississippi River;
and Mingo, or The Dying Swan, a celebrated Indian
Chief.
"What Dugdale hath done is prodigious. His memory ought
to be venerated and had in everlasting remembrance."-ANTHONY
WOOD.
As an illustration of the term "prodigious," we may re-
mark that Sir William left 27 folio MS. vols., written by
his own hand, to the University of Oxford; and these con-
tain the collections for only two of his works, viz.: The
Antiquities of Warwickshire, and the Baronage of Eng-
land. Of 16 other MS. vols., part of his legacy, some were
also in his own handwriting. These monuments of indus-
try, learning, and research are now in the Bodleian Li-
brary, the Heralds' College, and the Ashmolean Museum.
Sir William's daughter was married to the famous Elias
Ashmole of this learned antiquary, and his widow, we
have already discoursed at length on a preceding page.
See ASHMOLE, ELIAS.
If any of our countrymen-who are not generally sup-
posed to feel the most lively interest in the records of the
past, save as they pertain to the title-deeds and other secu-
rities of real estate-feel inclined to blame us for lingering
long over the names of the Ashmoles, the Camdens, the
Goughs, and the Nicholses, of whom a utilitarian age is
not worthy, we shall commend to their meditations the fol-
lowing true maxim, with the hope of a profitable result:
"A contempt for antiquity is rightly considered as the mark of a
unean and narrow intellect, of an uneducated and illiberal mind."
Where would have been the history, the art, the philoso-
phy, of past ages, had there been no provident conserva-
tors, wise for all generations, to transmit these precious
relics to their descendants?
Dugmore, Thomas. Manor of Milbourne, 1800, 8vo.
Dugud, Patrick, M.D. Convulsive Disorder; Med.
Com., 1777. Virtue of the Wild Cabbage; Ess. Phys. and
Med., 1760.
Duhigg, Bart. King's Inn Remembrancer, Dubl.,
1805, Svo. Hist. of the King's Inns, 1807, Svo.
Duhring, Henry, M.D. Art of Living, Lon., 1843,
p. Svo. Remarks on the United States, 1843, p. Svo. Es-
says on Human Happiness, 1848, fp. Svo.
Happy is life, when sound health, pure feelings, rational
thoughts, and noble deeds combine to exalt its earthly course.
Then man reveals in himself the image of the Deity, and his
home becomes a Paradise.”
Duigenan, Patrick, 1735-1816, an Irish civilian,
M.P. for Old Leighlin, and afterwards for Armagh. La-
chrymæ Academica. Political pamphlets and Speeches,
1786-1810.
Duillier, N. F. Latitude at Sea, 170S.
Duke, Rev. Edward. Prolusiones Historicæ, or
Essays illustrative of the Halle of John Halle of Salisbury,
Salisb., 1837, Svo; vol. i.; all pub.
We have never encountered any antiquarian disquisitions that
were so amusing, delightful, and instructive."-Lon. Monthly Rev.
Druidical Temples of the county of Wilts, Lon.,1846,12mo.
"His collections on the literature of Wiltshire are nowhere sur-
passed."-Salisbury Journal.
•
Duke, Francis. Free Grace, 1655, '56, 4to.
Duke, George. The Law of Charitable Uses, with
the learned readings of Sir Francis Moore, Lon., 1676, fol.
"It was always considered as a standard authority upon this
branch of the law."-Bridg. Leg. Bibl.
After being neglected for more than a century, this work
was revived and continued by Mr. R. W. Bridgman, Lon.,
1805, Svo.
Duke, Richard, d. 1711, Prebendary of Gloucester,
was educated at, and Fellow of, Trinity College, Cambridge.
He was intimate with Otway, engaged with some others in
the translations of Ovid and Juvenal, and wrote a number
of poems.
"In his Review, though unfinished, are some vigorous lines.
His poems are not below mediocrity; nor have I found much in
them to be praised.”—Dr. Johnson's Life of Duke.
Serm., 1703; two serms., 1704; fifteen, 1714, 8vo.
"In bis sermons. besides liveliness of wit, purity and correctness
of style, and justness of argument, we see many fine allusions to
the ancients, several beautiful passages handsomely incorporated
in the train of his own thoughts: and. to say all in a word. classic
learning and a Christian spirit."-DR. H. FELTON, Reading the, C
Duke, R. T. W., and Francis H. Smith. Am.e-
rican Statistical Arithmetic, Phila. See SMITH, FRANCIS HJ.
Duke, Wm. Lectures on the Sacraments, 1789.
Dulaney, Daniel. Considerations on the Policy of
imposing taxes in the Brit. Colonies, Lon., 1766, Svo.
Dumbell, John. Mathemat. treatises, 1808, '09.
Dummer, Jeremiah, d. 1729, a native of Boston,
wrote several theolog. treatises, a defence of the New Eng-
land Charters, Lon., 1728, Svo, and 1766; and a Letter to
a Noble Lord concerning the expedition to Canada, 1712.
Dumon, Wm. Cantus; The Former Book of the Mu
sick of William Dumon, 1591, 4to.
Dun, Lord. See ERSKINE, David.
Dun, Barclay. Quadrilles, 1818.
Dun, James. Serm., Edin., 1792, Svo.
Dun, John. Serms., Kilm., 1790, 2 vols. 8vo.
Dunbar, David. Covenants, Lon., 1646.
Dunbar, George, 1774–1851, appointed Professor of
Greek in the University of Edinburgh, 1805, discharged
the duties of this post until within a few months of his
death. He pub. a number of useful educational works,
1812-44, the principal of which is his Greek-English and
English-Greek Lexicon, the fruit of eight years' laborious
application, 1840, 8vo; 3d ed., 1853, 8vo. The following
commendation of a distinguished Grecian must have been
highly gratifying to Professor Dunbar:
6.
My Dear Lord:-1 am greatly obliged to you for having per
mitted me to see Professor Dunbar's Greek Lexicon. It is infinitely
the best work which I have ever seen. It has already been of great
service to me, who, as you know, am an humble but a most ardent
votary of Greek literature. It will tend more to extend (Le study
of Greek than any work now extant.”—The Murquis of Wellesley to
Lord Brougham. August 17, 1841.
Dunbar, James, LL.D., Prof. of Philos. in the Univ.
of Aberdeen. Essays on the Hist. of Mankind In rude
and uncultivated Ages, Lon., 1781, 8vo; 2d ed., with addits.,
1782, 8vo.
"A very ingenious book."-DR. JOHNSON.
Dunbar, John. Epigrammatum, Lon., 1616, 8vo.
Dunbar, William, 1465?-1530, a native of Salton,
East Lothian, Scotland, was educated at the University
528
DUN
DUN
•
of St. Andrew's, and afterwards, becoming a Franciscan
friar, travelled in Scotland, England, and France, as a
mendicunt preacher. He was subsequently employed in a
diplomatic capacity by James IV., and resided at his court
in receipt of a pension. Of his poems but little was known
until the beginning of the last century, when many of them
were printed from the MSS. in which they had long re-
posed. Some of his pieces had been pub. by Chapman
and Millar in 1508. Thirty of Dunbar's productions are
to be found in the Ancient Scottish Poems, pub. from the
MS. of George Bannatyne. In 1834 a complete edit. of
his works was pub. by David Laing. He excels both in
moral and humorous poetry; and is peculiarly happy in en-
listing allegory in the advocacy of truth. His principal
allegorical poems are, The Thistle and Rose, The Dance
of the Seven Deadly Sins through Hell, and The Golden
Terge. The Twa Married Women and the Widow exhibits
a specimen-not the most delicate in the world-of his
vein of humour. Whether the Friars of Berwick be really
his, seems matter of some doubt. The Merle and Night-
ingale may be cited as a poem of great merit.
Sir Walter Scott declares that Dunbar is "unrivalled by
any poet that Scotland has yet produced," and Mr. Ellis
also styles him the "greatest poet that Scotland has pro-
duced." This is surely high praise. For an elaborate
review of Dunbar's poetry, we must refer the reader to
Warton's Hist. of English Poetry. See also Biog. Brit.;
Pinkerton's Ancient Scottish Poets; Lives of the Scottish
Poets. Warton remarks, after an examination of the
Daunce:
"I have been prolix in my citations and explanations of this
poem, because I am of opinion that the imagination of Dunbar is
not less suited to satirical than to sublime allegory; and that he
is the first poet who has appeared with any degree of spirit in this
way of writing since Piers Plowinan. His Thistle and Rose and
Golden Terge are generally mentioned as his capital works. but
the natural complexion of his genius is of the moral and didactic
cast.”—Hist. of English Poetry.
|
But Mr. Pinkerton thinks that this judgment must not
be taken too strictly:
"The Goldin Terge is moral; and so are many of his small pieces:
but humour, description, allegory, great practical genius. and a
vast wealth of words, all unite to form the complexion of Dun-
bar's poetry. He unites in himself, and generally surpasses, the
qualities of the chief old English poets; the morals and satire of
Langland; Chaucer's humour, poetry, and knowledge of life; the
allegory of Gower; the description of Lydgate."-Scottish Poets.
The Golden Terge, though moral in its design, is a pa-
rody on the Popish litanies; surely an unfit subject for
such a purpose.
Mr. Ellis unites in the general commendation of Dun-
bar's poetry:
"Dunbar's peculiar excellence is much good sense and sound
morality, expressed with force and conciseness. His style, whether
grave or humorous, whether simple or ornamented, is always
energetic; and though all his compositions cannot be expected to
possess equal merit, we seldom find in them a weak or redundant
stanza."-Specimens of Early English Poetry.
Dunbar, Wm., d. 1810, at his seat at Natchez, Mis-
sissippi, was distinguished for his acquisitions in Astronomy
and Natural Science. He was a member of the American
Philosophical Society of Philadelphia, and contributed
some pages to its Transactions; see vol. vi.: Signs among
Indians; Meteor. Observ., 1800; Description of the Mis-
sissippi.
Duncan, Alexander, D.D. Infidelity, Edin., 1774,
12mo. Hist. of the Revolution, 1688, 1790, Svo. Devout
Communicant's Assist., Berwick, 1792, Svo. Essays, Edin.,
1799, 8vo.
Duncan, Andrew. Grammatica Latina, Edin., 1595,
Svo. Rudimenta Pietatis, 1595, 16mo. Studiorum Pueri-
lium Clavis, 1597, Svo.
Duncan, Andrew, M.D., 1745-1828, a native of
Edinburgh, delivered clinical lectures in the University of
that city, and afterwards private courses for fourteen years,
on the theory and practice of medicine. He pub, several
professional treatises, a list of which will be found in Watt's
Bibl. Brit.
Duncan, Andrew, Jr., M.D. Edinburgh New Dis-
pensatory, Edin., 1803, Svo; 1804, '08, '18. Other profess.
publications.
Duncan, Archibald, R.N. Mariner's Chronicle, 1804.
Brit. Trident; register of Naval Actions, 1805, 4 vols.
Duncan, Daniel, 1649–1735, an eminent physician,
a native of Languedoc, died in London. He was the au-
thor of Explication nouvelle et méchanique des Actions
Animales, Paris, 1678; La Chymie Naturelle, 1681, Svo;
and some other works.
Duncan, Daniel, D.D., d. 1761, son of the preced-
ing, wrote Collects upon some of the Articles, 1754, and
some other theolog. treatises.
31
Duncan, Francis, M.D. Bowels, 1801, Sro.
Duncan, Henry, D.D., founder of Savings - Banks.
Essays on the Advantages of Savings - Banks Lon., 1310,
Svo. Cottage Fireside, new ed., Edin., 1839, 18mo. Sacred
Philosophy of the Seasons, Edin., 1836, 37, 4 vols. sm.
Svo; new ed., 1853, 12mo.
"We know of no work more simple in its teachings, and of none
that collects more glory about the revolving months than this."—
Lon. Spectator.
See Memoir of Dr. Duncan by his son, Rev. J. G. Dun-
can, 1848, 12mo; new ed., 1853.
Duncan, James. The Scotch History, Glasg., 1805,
12mo; 3d ed., by his grandson, James Duncan, 1816; 4th
ed., 1819.
Duncan, James F. Popular Errors on the subject
of Insanity examined and exposed, Lon., 1853, fp. 8vo.
Duncan, John, D.D. Essay on Happiness, a Poem.
Serms. and theolog. treatises, 1769-1803.
Dnncan, John. Weaving, Glasg., 1808, Svo.
the Pope's Supremacy, by K. Edward VI.; repub., Lon.,
Declaration against
Duncan, Rev. John, LL.D.
1810, Svo.
Literature, Édin., 1814, Sro. Philos. of Human Nature;
Duncan, John. Essay on Genius, or the Philos. of
Origin of Evil, 1815, Svo.
Duncan, John M. Travels through part of the U.
States and Canada, 1818, '19, Glasg., 1823, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
Dedicated to Professor Silliman of Yale College. Sabbath
among the Tuscaroras.
Duncan, John Shute. Botano-Theology, an ar-
ranged Compendium, Oxf., 1825, Svo; 2d ed., 1826.
"An exceeding pleasant and interesting book.”—Lowndes's Brit.
Lib.
Duncan, Jonathan. Prosecutions for Religious
Opinions, Lon., Svo. Religions of Profane Antiquity,
1838, fp. 8vo.
"A very complete key to the old systems of heathenism. as de-
veloped especially in Greece and Rome.”—Lon. Monthly Rev.; and
see Lon. Spectator.
Dukes of Normandy, from Rollo to the Expulsion of
King John, 1839, 12mo.
6.
A useful supplement to the ordinary histories of England.”-
Lon. Athenæum.
And see Lon. Parthenon, Examiner, and New Monthly
Magazine.
Trans. of Felix Bodin's Summaries of the Hist. of Eng-
land and France, 1840, 2 vols. 18mo.
"A very accurate view of the constitutional history of England."
-Lon. Athenaum.
Religious Wars of France, 1840, fp. Svo.
"Well written and concise; its dates exact and well placed."-
Lon. Courier.
Hist. of Guernsey, with Notes on Jersey, 1842, Svo.
Duncan, Mrs. M. G. L. Memoir of G. A. Lundie,
18mo; of Geo. B. Philips, 18mo; of Mary Lundie Duncan,
4th ed., 1845, fp. Svo.
•
w
"A most sweetly-drawn picture, that cannot be too extensively
contemplated."--Lon. Christian Ladies' Mag.
The Children of the Manse, 18mo. America as I found
it, 16mo.
“A very readable book.”—Advocate and Guardian.
Duncan, Mark, d. 1640, a Scottish physician, an an-
cestor of the preceding Dr. Daniel Duncan, was principal
of the Calvinists' College at Saumur. His best-known
work is Institutiones Logicæ, libri quinque, Salmurii,
1612, Svo.
..
Joseph Scaliger also mentions our author in a manner which seems
This work is much commended by Burgersdicius and others.
to indicate no common respect. Speaking of the west of Scotland,
he particularizes it as the district which produced Duncan and
Buchanan; and Tomasinus (Parnassus Euganeus, p. 8) classes
him among the distinguished literary characters of the age."
Duncan, Mark, or Cerisantes, d. 1648. a son of
the preceding, wrote some poetical pieces pub. in miscella-
neous collections, the most remarkable of which is Carmen
gratulatorium in nuptias Caroli R. Ang. cum Henriettâ
Mariâ filiâ Henrici IV. R. Fr.
Duncan, Mrs. Mary Lundie. Rhymes for my
Children, Lon., 32mo. For a notice of a Memoir of Mrs.
M. L. Duncan, see DUNCAN, MRS. M. G. L.
Duncan, Robert, 1699-1729, a native of Edinburgh,
minister of Tillycoultry, 1728. An Exposition of the Epistle
to the Hebrews, Edin., 1731, Svo; new ed., 1844, Svo.
Hebrews, than as an original work. It is not, indeed, a professed
"It may be considered rather as an abridgment of Owen on the
abridgment; but it everywhere shows the use that the author
made of that elaborate and useful work."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Duncan, Wm. Physiologia, Tolos., 1651, 4to.
Duncan, Wm. Kings of Scotland, Glasg., 1722. Svo.
Duncan, Wm., 1717-1760, a native of Aberdeen, Prof.
of Philos. in the Marischal College, 1752, trans. the select
orations of Cicero, (1777,) and Caesar's Commentaries, 1752,
529
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|
fol.; als in 2 vols. 8vo; often reprinted. His work entitled
Elements of Logic was pub. in 1748, and the 6th ed., 1770,
Lon., 12mo.
Duncan, Wm. Syntax, &c. of Greek, 1812, 8vo.
Duncan, Wm. New and improved edit. of A. Dick-
inson's Greek Testament, Edin., 1830, 12mo.
"Mr. Duncan has annexed a copious selection of the most im-
portant of Griesbach's various readings and emendations, which
appear to have been made with great care."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Duncombe, Giles. Tryals per pais, or the Law of
England concerning Juries by Nisi Prius, &c., Lon., 1682,
Svo: 8th ed., with addits., 1766, 2 vols. 8vo; 9th ed., Dubl.,
1793, 2 vols. 8vo.
Duncombe, Henry J. Serm., Lon., 1837, Svo.
Duncombe, John, 1730-1785, Vicar of Herne. Three
Serms., 1776. The Feminead, 1754. Trans. of Select
Works of the Emperor Julian, &c., 1784, 2 vols. 8vo.
"The Philosophical Fable which Julian composed under the
name of the Cæsars, is one of the most agreeable and instructive
productions of ancient wit.”—GIBBON.
The Hist. and Antiq. of Reculver and Herne; princi-
pally written by J. D. It forms the 18th No. of the Bibl.
Top. Brit. Mr. D. contributed to the Gent. Mag. for twenty
years, under the signature of Crito, &c. He pub. and edited
several other works. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Duncombe, Mrs. John, wife of the preceding, d.
1812, wrote the story of Fidelia and Honoria in the Adven-
turer, contributed to the Poetical Calendar and Nichols's
Poems, and in 1808 pub. a novel entitled The Village Gen-
tleman and the Attorney-at-Law.
Duncombe, John, inventor of the Dendrometer.
Treatise upon the Dendrometer, Lon., 1769, Svo; 1771, 8vo.
Conjointly with Thos. Whittell, The Antiq. of Richborough
and Reculver, abridged from the Latin of Archdeacon Bot-
tely, 1774, 12mo. New Arithmet. Dictionary, 1774, Svo.
Duncombe, Wm., 1690-1769, father of the first-
named John Duncombe, is best known by his trans. of
Horace, made in conjunction with his son, pub. in 2 vols.
Svo, 1757-59. He made some other trans. from the Latin
and French, collected Archbishop Herring's sermons, and
pub. several other poetical, political, historical, and theolog.
works. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Duncon, Eleaz. De Adoratione Dei versus Altare
De Adoratione Dei versus Altare
Determinatio Cantab. habita, anno 1633, '60, 8vo.
Duncon, John. Life and Death of Lady Falkland,
1648, 12mo. See Gibbon's Memoirs of Pious Women.
Duncon, Samuel. Political tracts, 1652-59.
Duncumb, John. Serms., 1796, '97. Pasture Lands,
1801, Svo. Hist. and Antiq. of Hereford, 1804-12, 2 vols.
4to. The only hist. of this county pub. Agricult. and
Rural Economy of Herefordshire, 1805, Svo.
Dundas, Sir David, General R. A., 1735?-1820, a
distinguished officer, in 1809 succeeded the Duke of York
as Commander-in-chief. Principles of Military Movements,
chiefly applied to Infantry, Lon., 1788, 4to. Adopted and
printed as Rules and Regulations for his Majesty's Forces.
General Dundas also planned the Rules and Regulations
for the Cavalry.
Dundas, Rt. Hon. Henry, Lord Viscount Mel-
ville, 1741?-1811, First Lord of the Admiralty, &c.
Speeches, Letters, and Opinions upon Politics, the Slave-
Trade, and East India Trade; pub. separately, 1794, 96,
1800, '13.
Dundas, James, M.D. Ed. Med. Ess., 1733.
Dundas, John. Abridgt. of the Acts of the General
Assem. of the Ch. of Scot., 1638-1720, Edin., 1721, Svo.
Processes against J. Simpson, 1728, 8vo.
Dundonald, Earl of. See COCHRANE, Alex.
Dungal, a celebrated astronomer of the 9th century,
supposed to have been a native of Ireland, emigrated to
Frauce, where he died. A long letter of his to Charlemagne,
in answer to some queries of that monarch respecting two
eclipses of the sun, will be found in D'Acheri's Spicilegium,
vol. iii., 324, of the fol., and vol. x. of the 4to edit. A De-
fence of Images, 1608, Svo; also in the Biblioth. Max. Patr.,
xiv. 196. He wrote some poetical pieces, one of which is
in a collection pub. by Martene and Durand, 1729.
Dunglison, Robley, M.D., LL.D., a distinguished
benefactor to Medical Science and Literature, and one of
the most popular authors of the day, was born in 1798, in
Keswick, Cumberland county, England. He commenced
the practice of medicine in London in 1819; Professor of
Medicine in the University of Virginia, 1824–33; Profes-
sor of Materia Medica, Therapeutics, &c. in the University
of Maryland, 1833-36; Professor of the Institutes of Medi-
cine and Medical Jurisprudence in Jefferson Medical Col-
lege, Philadelphia, from 1836 to the present time, (1858.)
Dr. D. is one of the vice-presidents of the American Philo-
sophical Society, and a member of numerous scientific and
literary societies at home and abroad. We annex a list
of his many valuable contributions to medical science :
AUTHOR OF: 1. Commentaries on Disenses of the Stomach
and Bowels of Children, Lon., 1824, Svo.
2. An Introduction to the Study of Grecian and Roman
Geography, by Geo. Long, Esq., and himself, Charlottes-
ville, 1829, Svo; the Roman by Dr. D.
3. Human Physiology, with numerous illustrations, Phila.,
1832, 2 vols. 8vo; Sth ed., 1856.
4. A new Dictionary of Medical Science and Literature,
containing a concise account of the various subjects and
terms, with the Synonymes in different languages, &c.,
Boston, 1833, 2 vols. 8vo. The second and subsequent cdi-
tions were published in Philadelphia in one volume; 15th
edit., 1858.
5. On the Influence of Atmosphere and Locality, Change
of Air and Climate, Seasons, Food, Clothing, &c. on human
health, constituting Elements of Hygiene, Phila., 1835, Svo
The second edition was published under the title of Human
Health, &c., Phila., 1844, Svo.
6. General Therapeutics, or Principles of Medical Prac-
tice, with tables of the chief remedial agents and their
preparations, and of the different poisons and their anti-
dotes, Phila., 1836, Svo. To the second edition-in two
volumes-Materia Medica was added. The 6th edition was
published in 1857. In all the editions, except the first,
there were numerous illustrations.
7. The Medical Student, or Aids to the Study of Medicine,
including a glossary of the terms of the science, and of the
mode of prescribing, bibliographical notices of medical
works, the regulations of different medical colleges of the
Union, &c., Phila., 1837, Svo; 2d edition, modified, Phila.,
1844.
S. New Remedies; the method of preparing and admi-
nistering them; their effects on the healthy and diseased
economy, &c., Phila., 1839, Svo; 7th edit., 1856.
9. The Practice of Medicine, or a Treatise on Special
Pathology and Therapeutics, Phila., 1842, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d
edit., 1848.
10. An Appeal to the People of Pennsylvania on the
subject of an Asylum for the Insane Poor of the Common-
wealth, Phila., 1838, Svo.
11. A Second Appeal on the same subject, Phila., 1840,
8vo.
12. A Public Discourse in Commemoration of Peter S.
Duponceau, LL.D., late President of the American Philo-
sophical Society, delivered before the Society on the 25th
of October, 1844, Phila., 1844, Svo.
13. On the Blind, and Institutions for the Blind in Europe;
a Letter to the President of the Board of Managers of the
Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind, Phila., 1854, 8vo.
14. Numerous Introductory Lectures to his Class in the
Universities of Virginia and Maryland, and in Jefferson
Medical College of Philadelphia; and Charges to Gradu-
ates: the Introductory of 1854, '55, comprising Recollec-
tions of Europe in 1854.
EDITOR OF: 1. On the Use of the Moxa as a Therapeu-
tical Agent, by Baron D. J. Larrey, translated from tho
French, with Notes and an Introduction, containing a his-
tory of the substance, Lon., 1822, Svo.
2. Formulary for the preparation and mode of employing
several new remedies, viz.: Morphine, Iodine, &c., trans-
lated by Charles Thomas Haden, Esq.; 2d edit., with nu-
merous alterations and additions, Lon., 1824, 12mo.
3. Appendix to do., Lon., 1824, 12mo. The Formulary
was reprinted in Phila., 1825.
4. The Surgeon's Vade Mecum of Dr. Hooper; 3d edit.,
greatly enlarged, Lon., 1824, 12mo. Dr. Dunglison's name
did not appear.
5. Medical Clinics of the Hospital Neckar, by M. Bri-
cheteau; translated by Dr. D., but not so stated, Phila.,
1837, Svo.
6. Outlines of Physiology, with an Appendix on Phre-
nology, by P. M. Roget, M.D., &c.; revised, with nume-
rous notes, Phila., 1839, Svo. Name not on the title-page.
7. Outlines of a course of Lectures on Medical Jurispru-
dence, by Thomas Stewart Traill, M.D., F.R.S.E.; re-
vised, with numerous notes, Phila., 1841, 8vo. Name not
on title-page.
S. The Cyclopædia of Practical Medicine, by Drs. Forbes,
Tweedie, and Conolly; thoroughly revised, with numerous
additions, Phila., 1845, 4 vols. 8vo.
9. The London Medical Repository, edited by James
Copland, M.D., and Robley Dunglison, M.D. Vols. 19 and
20, and new series, vol. i., Lon., 1823. '24.
10. The Medical Intelligencer, or Monthly Compendium
530
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of Medical, Chirurgical, and Scientific Knowledge. vol. iv.,
Lon., 1823, 8vo. The earlier volumes were edited by
Messrs. Armstrong, Alcock, Haden, and others.
Hist. of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, 1839, 40, 3
11. The Virginia Literary Museum and Journal of Belles-
Lettres, Arts, Sciences, &c., edited at the University of Vir-Cyclopædia. Lives of English Dramatists, by R. Bell, Esq..
vols. 12mo. These valuable works are all pub. in Lardner's
ginia, by Professors Geo. Tucker and Dunglison, Charlottes- Dr. Dunham, &c., 1837, 2 vols. 12mo. The Early Writers
ville, 1830, 8vo. Names not on title-page.
of Great Britain, by the same, 1840, fp. 8vo.
12. The American Medical Library and Intelligencer;
a concentrated Record of Medical Science and Literature,
Phila., 1837 to 1842, inclusive, 8vo. A Journal, and a re-
print of valuable foreign works.
1845, Svo. Memoranda of Springhead, 1848, 8vo.
Dunkin, A. J. Report of the Brit. Arch. Assoc., Lon.,
Dunkin, John. Divinity of the Son of God, 1783, Svo.
8vo; of Bicester, 1816, Svo.
Dunkin, John. Hist. and Antiq. of Bromley, 1815,
dreds of Bullington and Ploughley, Oxfordshire, 1823, 2
8vo; of Bicester, 1816, Svo. Hist. and Antiq. of the Hun-
only 70 copies intended for sale. Hist. and Autiq. of
Printed at the expense of Sir G. P. Turner;
only 70 copies intended for sale.
Dartford, Kent, 1844, 8vo.
vols. 4to.
CONTRIBUTOR TO: The Monthly Magazine, Lon., 1817,
'18; The Annals of Philosophy, Lon., 1820; The London
Medical Repository, 1823, '24; The Quarterly Journal of
Bcience and the Arts, 1824; The London Quarterly Review,
1823; The Eclectic Review, 1823, '24; The Universal Re-
view, 1824; The American Quarterly Review, 1827, and
afterwards; The Virginia Literary Museum, 1830; The
Baltimore Medical and Surgical Journal. 1834; The North
American Archives of Medical and Surgical Science, 1834,
35; The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 1832,
and afterwards; The American Cyclopedia of Medicine
and Surgery, 1834, 35; The British and Foreign Medical
Review, 1836; The Medical Examiner, Phila., 1838, and
afterwards; &c.
So great has been the demand for Dr. Dunglison's works,
that of the Medical Lexicon, General
Materia Medica, Practice of Medicine, Human Physiology,
Human Health, and New Remedies, the sale to 1858, we
have reason to believe, had been upwards of one hundred
thousand volumes! Of the many notices before us of these
valuable works from British and American authorities,
we have room for a few only, and these must be abbre-
vinted.
Medical Lexicon, 12th ed., 1855; 15th ed. enlarged, 1858.
"An admirable work. and indispensable to all literary medical
men. The labour which has been bestowed upon it is something
prodigious. . . . Revised and corrected from time to time. Dr. Dun-
glison's Medical Lexicon will last for centuries."-Brit. and For.
Med. Chir. Rev.
•
•
"The most comprehensive and best English dictionary of medi-
cal terms extant.”—Buffalo Med. Jour. See also Lon. Med. Gaz.;
Amer. Jour. of the Med. Sciences; Boston Med. Jour.; Edin. Jour.
of Med. Science; Lon. Med. Times and Gazette.
General Therapeutics and Materia Medica, 6th edit..1857.
"As a text-book for students, for whom it is particularly designed,
we know of none superior to it."—St. Louis Med, and Surg. Jour.
"We consider this work unequalled."-Boston Med, and Surg.
Journal. See also Charleston Med. Journal and Review; Western
Lancet; N. Orleans Med. and Surg. Jour.; N. York Jour, of Med.
The Practice of Medicine, 3d edit., 1848.
"Upon every topic embraced in this work, the latest information
will be found carefully posted up."-Med. Examiner.
"It is certainly the most complete treatise of which we have any
knowledge."-Western Jour. of Med. and Surg. See also Boston
Med. and Surg. Jour.: Southern Med. and Surg. Jour.
“A miracle of labour and industry in one who has written able
and voluminous works on nearly every branch of medical science.
Dunlap, William, 1766–1839, manager of the Park
Theatre. N. York, a dramatic author and a painter, was a
native of Perth Amboy, N. Jersey. Life of George Fre-
derick Cooke, Lon., 1813, 2 vols. Svo; and a 2d ed.
It is almost as indispensable to the other learned professions
From a careful examination of the present
edition, we can vouch for its accuracy, and for its being brought
quite up to the date of publication.”—Dubl. Quart. Jour. of Med.
Science.
as to our own.
|
Human Physiology, 7th edit., 1850; 8th ed., 1856.
"It has long since taken rank as one of the medical classics of
our language. To say that it is by far the best text-book of phy-
siology ever published in this country, is but echoing the general
testimony of the profession.”—N. York Jour, of Med.
"It is the completest work on Physiology in the English lan-
guage, and is highly creditable to the author and publishers."-
Canadian Med, Jour,
"The best work of the kind in the English language, and is
highly creditable to the author and publishers."-Silliman's Jour.
See also Amer. Med. Jour.; Western Lancet.
New Remedies, with Formula for their Administration,
6th edit.. 1853.
"The great learning of the author, and his remarkable industry
in pushing his researches into every source whence information is
derivable, have enabled him to throw together an extensive mass of
facts and statements, accompanied by full reference to authorities;
which last feature renders the work practically valuable to inves-
tigators who desire to examine the original papers."- Amer. Jour.
of Pharmacy. See also New York Med. Gaz.; Southern Med. and
Surg. Jour.
Dunham, S. Astley, LL.D., d. 1858, in London.
Hist. of Poland, 1830, 12mo.
"A very carefully and competently written compendium."
-Lon. Eclectic Review.
Hist. of the Germanic Empire, 1837, 3 vols. 12mo.
"This compendium is masterly; being clear, rich, and exten
sive."-Lom. Monthly Review.
P
Hist. of Spain and Portugal, 1832, 5 rols. 12mo.
<3
The very best work on the subject with which we are ac-
quainted.”—Lon. Athenæum. See also Athen., 1858, 111.
“A work of acuteness and information.”—Wm. H. PRESCOTT.
Hist. of Europe during the Middle Ages, 1833-36, 4 vols.
"A work which may be regarded as a sacrifice of a very learned
and very laborious writer to the wants and curiosity of the world."
-Lon. Athen.
Dunkin, Wm., D.D. Epistles, Dubl., 1741, '60. Po
etical Works, Epistles, &c., 1774, 2 vols. 4to.
Admiralty Practice in Civil Cases of Maritime Jurisdic-
Dunlap, Andrew, 1794-1835, a native of Mass.
tion, Phila., 1836, 8vo; 2d ed., N. York, 1850.
6:
This work is pronounced. by the most competent judges, to ba
learned, accurate, and well digested.”—1 Kent's Com, 381. Note,
Dunlap, J. D. Book of Legal Forms, Phila., 1852, Svo.
Dunlap, John A. Justice of Peace in N. York, Svo,
Abridgt. of 12th and 13th Books of Coke's Reports, N.
York, 1813, Sro.
Albany, 1821-23, 2 vols. 8vo; 1841.
Prac. Supr. Ct. of N. York in Civ. Act.,
The author has executed his laborious task with an accuracy
and extent of learning which support his well-earned reputation
as a lawyer."-18 N. Amer. Rev., 211.
Lloyd's edit. (3d) of Paley's Agency; 3d Amer. edit.
The care and labour bestowed upon Dunlap's Paley's Agency
cannot fail to render it a standard work of great utility."-Penna.
Law Journal.
油​曲
​Dunlap, S. F., son of Andrew Dunlap, (ante,) b. 1825,
in Boston. 1. The Origin of Ancient Names, Camb.. 1856.
Svo: reprinted from the Chris. Examiner, July, 1856. 2.
Vestiges of the Spirit-History of Man, N.Y., 1858, 8vo.
Edited, with Notes, Dunlap's Admiralty Practice.
"Those who desire a faithful portrait of this strange genius
may be safely referred to the Life published by Dunlap, a close ob-
server and a truthful writer."—Wood's Personal Recollections of the
Stage. Phila.. 1855. 12mo.
→ Very little reliance can be placed on the theatrical and other
anecdotes recorded in these volumes."-Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
• We have seldom been more amused and instructed than by the
perusal of these volumes.”—Lon. Theatrical Inquisitor.
The American Theatre, N. York, 1832. Svo; Lon., 1933.
Hist. of Arts and Designs in the U. States, N. York, 1934,
2 vols. 8vo. Thirty Years Ago; a Novel, 1836. Hist. of
N. York, for Schools. 1837, 2 vols. 12mo; abridged, 1844,
2 vols. 18mo. New Netherlands Province of New York,
1840, 2 vols. Sro. See Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
Dunlop, Bell, and Murray. Decis. Ct. Sess., 1885-
40, 5 vols. 8vo, Edin., 1836-40; ditto, 1840, 41, 1841, Svo,
by Dunlop and Donaldson.
Dunlop, Alexander, 1684-1742, an American, Pro-
fessor of Greek. Univ. Glasgow. Greek Grammar, 1736;
many edits. Long used in the Scotch universities.
Dunlop, Alexander. Treatise on the Law of Scot-
land relative to the Poor, Edin., 1828, 8vo.
6.
Decidedly the best work on the subject."-McCulloch's Lit. of
Polit. Economy.
Answer, &c. rel. to Claims Ch. of Scotland, 3d ed., 1840,
8vo.
Law of Patronage of Parochial Ministers in Scot-
land, Svo. Parochial Law in Scotland, 3d ed., 1841. Svo.
As an able and accurate exposition of the law. Mr. Dunlop's
Treatise deserves every commendation, and may be considered as
our safest authority."-1 Ed. L. J., 218.
Dunlop, James. Laws of Pennsylvania, 1700-1853,
chronologically arranged, with Notes and References to all
the Decisions of the Supreme Ct. of Penna.. giving con-
struction to said Laws, with a copious Index, 3d ed., Phila.,
1853, Svo. Highly commended by the Hon. Judges Gib-
son, Grier, Coulter, Rogers, Burnside, Woodward, Thomp-
son, Hepburn. Lowrie, &c. Digest of the General Laws
of the U. States, Phila., 1858, r. Svo. Highly commended.
Dunlop, John. 1. History of Fiction, Lon., 1814, 3
vols. p. Svo: 2d ed., 1816; 3d, 1845.
"He has executed a defective plan, in what we are inclined to
think rather a superficial manner."-Lon Quar. Rev., xiii. 384.
..
· Upon the whole, though we wish to see the History of Fiction
executed on a very different plan, and with a greater spirit of philo-
sophical inquiry and critical acuteness, we recommend the preseut
publication as an agreeable and curious Miscellany, which disco-
vers uncommon information and learning."-Edin. Rev., xxiv. 58.
531
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2. History of Roman Literature, 1823-28, 3 vols. 8vo.
3. Memoirs of Spain during the Reigns.of Philip IV. and
Charles II., 1621-1700, Edin., 1834, 2 vols. 8vo. If the
reader will procure this work, Watson's Philip II. and
III., Robertson's Charles V., and Coxc's Bourbon Kings,
he will have a continuous history of Spain to 1788.
"Mr. Dunlop's work abounds with important instruction to the
philosopher and the politician; and we gladly acknowledge our
obligations for this valuable contribution to Spanish history. He
has collected matter previously dispersed through a great number
of works. into one consecutive, agreeable, and lively narrative."—
Lon. AthenAUM.
Mr. Dunlop has pub. some other works.
Dunlop, Robert Glasgow. Travels in Central
America, with Journal, &c., Lon., 1837, p. 8vo.
It abounds with valuable statistical and general information
of the towns, the people, the climate, and the products."-Colonial
Magazine.
“Solid information is the distinguishing feature of the above.'
Lon. Spectator.
Dunlop, Wm., 1692-1720, a native of Glasgow, Prof.
of Divinity and Ch. History, Univ. Edinburgh, 1716.
A Collection of Confessions of Faith. Catechisms, Direc-
tions, Books of Discipline, &c. of publick authority in the
Ch. of Scotland, with the Acts of Assembly, &c., Edin.,
1719-20, 2 vols. sm. Svo. A most valuable work. Some
copies of the preface were struck off separately, under the
title of A Full Account of the several ends and uses of
Confessions of Faith, &c., 1721, 8vo; again. 1775, 12mo.
"Seusible and scriptural.”—Bickersteth's Chris. Student.
It was answered by Moses Lowman in 1721, Svo. Serms.
and Lectures, 2 vols. 8vo; 1716-22; again, 1725. Glasg.,
1747, 2 vols. 12mo. Though Professor Dunlop died at the
early age of 28, he had attained great reputation as a
powerful and pathetic preacher:
"When he preached, he had very crowded and attentive audito-
ries. When he flamed in the pulpit, and triumphed over his cap-
tivated hearers, it was not by mere artificial rhetoric, but from the
real sentiment and affections of his own soul transferred into theirs.
Argumentative, copious, and fervent."-Dr. E. Williams's Chris.
Preacher.
Dunn. Index to the Journals of the H.
vol. xxv. to lv., inclusive, Lon., 2 vols. fol.
to end of the year 1800.
of Commons,
Comes down
Comes down
Dunn, Lady. Recluse, a Novel, 2 vols. r. 12mo.
Dunn, Edward. V. Disease, Lon., 1724, 8vo.
Dunn, Edward. Theolog., &c. works, 1796-99.
Dunn, Henry. Educational works, &c., 1829–48.
Dunn, John. Manners, Customs, and Usages, &c. of
the Nations of Asia, Africa, and America, from the French
of Lambert, Lon., 1750, 2 vols. 8vo.
Dunn, Sir Patrick. His Case, &c., fol.
Dunn, S. Theolog. and biog. works, 1837-47.
Dunn, Samuel, Prof. of Mathemat. at Crediton and
Chelsea, pub. several works upon astronomy, navigation,
mathematics, &c., 1759-93, and papers in Phil. Trans.,
1761-64.
Dunne, Charles. The Chirurgical Candidate, or re-
flections on surgical education, Lon., 1808, Svo.
Dunne, John. Notices rel. to some of the Native
Tribes of N. America; in Trans. R. Irish Acad., 1803.
Dunning, Capt. Scheme for preventing the Progress
of the Plague, fol.
Dunning, John, Lord Ashburton, 1731-1783, one of
the most distinguished of modern lawyers. Defence of
the United Company of Merchants, being an answer to the
Dutch Memorial, 1762, 4to. Letters to the Proprietors of
the E. India Stock, occasioned by Lord Clive's Letter on
his Jaghire, 1764, Svo.
Dunning, Richard.
Office of Overseer of the Poor,
1686.
Dunning, Richard. Cow Pox, &c., 1800-06.
Dunscombe, T. Tribute to Dr. Evans, 1792, Svo.
Dunsford, Martin, d. 1807. Hist. Memoir of the
Town and Parish of Tiverton, 2d ed., Lon., 1790, 4to.
Į
immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary. He was for
some time a follower of Thomas Aquinas, but differing
from him on the question concerning the efficacy of divine
grace, he established a new school: the disputes of the
Thomists and Scotists henceforth are matters of history,
trifling as their subjects often were. Scotus was so noted
for his acuteness as to acquire the name of the "Subtle
Doctor." He wrote many works on theology, on metaphy-
sics, &c., a collective edit. of which (save a few still in MS.)
was pub. by Luke Wadding in 1639, Lyons, 12 vols. fol.
The reader who wishes to sharpen his wits in dialectics
will find ample employment in these volumes for the long
evenings of several winters. To encourage him to embark
upon so fascinating an amusement, we give a specimen of
the eulogies which were lavished upon the Subtle Doctor
by his followers:
"He was so consummate a philosopher, that he could have been
the inventor of philosophy, if it had not before existed. [How un-
fortunate!] His knowledge of all the mysteries of Religion was
so profound and perfect. that it was rather intuitive certainty than
belief. He described the divine nature as if he had seen God:-
the attributes of celestial spirits as if he had been an angel;—the
felicities of a future state as if he had enjoyed them; and the
ways of providence as if he had penetrated into all its secrets. He
wrote so many books, that one man is hardly able to read them;
and no one man is able to understand them. He would have
T
written more, if he had composed with less care and accuracy.
Such was our immortal Scotus, the most ingenious, acute, and sub-
tile of the sons of men."
See Bale, Pits, and Tanner; Cave, vol. ii.; Henry's Hist.
of Great Britain; Wood's Annals; Mackenzie's Scotch Wri-
ters; Biog. Brit.; Bruckeri Hist. Philos., tom. iii., p. 828.
The candid confession that no man could understand the
Subtle Doctor's profundities reminds us of a saying attri-
buted to Hegel, when dying;-that of all his numerous
disciples only one had understood him,-and he misunder-
stood him!
Dunstable, John, d. 1458, an English musician, au-
thor of De Mensurabili Musicâ, quoted by Morley, Fran-
chinus, and Ravenscroft, but now lost. The two last give
some fragments of Dunstable's musical compositions. In
the Bodleian Library there is a geographical tract by Dun-
stable.
Dunstan, St., 925-988, a native of Glastonbury, So-
mersetshire, Bishop of Worcester, of London, and finally
Archbishop of Canterbury about 959, extended the Papal
influence throughout England, and, as the representative
of Rome, ruled the kingdom with a rod of iron. But
Ethelred was not so easily governed as his predecessor
Edgar had been, and Dunstan retired to his cloisters to die
of chagrin and mortification. A vol. of his works was
pub. at Douay in 1626, Svo, and Launcelot Colston pub. one
of his treatises with the Philosophia Maturata, Lon., 1668,
12mo.
Dunstanville, Francis, Lord De. Carew's Survey
of Cornwall, Lon., 1811, 4to. See CAREW, RICHARD.
Speech at the County Meeting of Bodmin, 1809, Svo.
Dunstar, Samuel. Anglia Rediviva; being a full
description of all the Shires, Cities, Principal Towns, and
Rivers in England, Lon., 1669, 8vo.
Dunster, Charles, Rector of Petworth, Sussex. Mil-
ton's Paradise Regained, with Notes, Lon., 1795, 4to. Con-
siderations on Milton's Early Reading, and the Prima
Stamina of his Paradise Lost, 1800, Svo. A valuable work.
He gives extracts from Joshua Sylvester's works. Observ.
on St. Luke's Gospel, 1805, Svo; on St. Matthew's, 1806,
Svo; on St. Luke's, 1808, 8vo. Synopsis of the three first
Gospels, &c., 1812, r. Svo. Other works.
Dunster, Rev. D. Trans. of Drexelius on Eternity,
edited by Rev. H. P. Dunster, Lon., 1844, 12mo.
"Of singular merit, and excellently adapted to awaken the at-
tention to a subject so important.”
Dunster, H. P.
Stories from Froissart, Lon., 1847,
18mo. See BERNERS, LORD. Fragments of History, 12mo.
Duns Scotus, John, supposed to have been born Dunster, Henry, d. 1659, first President of Harvard
about 1265, died at Cologne, 1308, is believed to have been College, in conjunction with Richard Lyon, improved the
a native of Dunstance, near Alnwick, Northumberland. new version of the Psalms made by Eliot, Welde, and Ma-
Others, however, claim him as a native of Dunse, Berwick-ther, printed in 1640.
shire, Scotland, and still others assert him to bave been an
Irishman. Whilst young he joined the Minorite friars,
who sent him to Oxford, where he was admitted into Mer-
ton College, of which he became Fellow. In 1301 he suc-
ceeded William Varron as Profes. of Theology at Oxford,
and taught with such eloquence and acceptance, that 30,000
scholars thronged around his chair. We cannot, however,
vouch for the correctness of the numbers. In 1304 he re-
moved to Paris, and about 1307 was placed at the head of
the theological school of that famed city of learning. He
is said to have been the first teacher of the doctrine of the
Dunster, Samuel, D.D. Trans. of Horace's Satires
and Art of Poetry into English verse. Serm., Lon., 1708,
8vo.
!
Dunstervill, Edward. Funl. Serm., 1642.
Dunthorne, Rev. Richard, 1711-1775. Astronomi-
cal con. to Phil. Trans., 1747, '49, '51, '62.
Dunton, John. A True Iovrnall of the Sally Fleet,
Lon., 1637, 4to. See Oxford Collec. Voy. and Trav.
Dunton, John, 1659–1733, an eccentric bookseller
being unsuccessful in business, turned author, and pub.
several works. The Dublin Scuffle, 1699, 8vo.
532
DUP
DUR
<? This curious production may be considered as the carliest at-
tempt at Irish topography."
Duppa, Brian, 1588–1662, educated at Christ Church.
Oxford, Bishop of Chichester, 1638; trans. to Salisbury,
1641; Bishop of Salisbury, 1660. 1. The Soul's Soliloquies,
1648, 8vo.
1648, 8vo. 2. Angels
2. Angels Rejoicing for Sinners Repenting,
1648, 4to.
1648, 4to. Both the above are sermons. 3. A Guide for
the Penitent, 1660, Svo. 4. Holy Rules and Helps to De-
votion, 1674, 12mo. He is said to have assisted K. Charles
in composing the Eikon Basilike.
The Athenian Mercury, or a Scheme to answer a Series
of Questions Monthly, the Querist remaining concealed.
Continued to about 20 vols.; reprinted by Bell, under the
title of The Athenian Oracle, 1728, 4 vols. 8vo; abridged,
1820, 8vo. Athenianism, or the Projects of Mr. John
Dunton. This contains 600 Treatises in Prose and Verse,
The Life and Errors of Mr. John Dunton, with the Lives
and Characters of more than a thousand Contemporary
Divines, and other Persons of Literary Eminence, Lon.,
1705, 8vo. We here find an account of his visit to Boston,
New England, (in 1685,) where he resided for 8 months,
and sketches of the ministers, booksellers, and other citi-
zens of Boston and Salem. New edit., with selections from
Dunton's other works, 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. Religio Biblio-
polæ, or the Religion of a Bookseller, 1728, Svo. See
BRIDGWATER, Benjamin. The Danger of Living in a
Known Sin, and the Hazard of a Death-Bed Repentance,
1738, 8vo. See a list of Dunton's many pieces in Lowndes's
Bibl. Man.
|
Duppa, Richard, d. 1831. aged 64, educated at Trin.
Coll., Oxf. Journal at Rome, Lon., 1799, 8vo. 12 Heads
from the Last Judgment of M. Angelo, 1801, imp. fol.
Head from Raffaelo, 1803, fol. Life and Works of Angelo,
1806, imp. 4to; new ed., 1846. Life of Raffaelo, 1816, 8vo.
Price of Corn, 1815, 8vo. Introduc. to Greek, 1815, 8vo.
Dr. Johnson's Diary into N. Wales, with Notes, 1816, Sro,
incorporated in Croker's Boswell Travels on the Continent,
1829, imp. Svo. Linnæan System of Botany, 3 vols. Svo.
Other works. Mr. Q. De Quincey's Life of Raffaelo is in-
cluded in the new edit. (1846, 8vo) of Duppa's Life of
M. Angelo.
"Dunton's Life and Errors is a most curious Work. abounding
In Literary History of an interesting nature.”—Noble's Granger.
Duponceau, Peter S., 1760-1844, a native of the
Isle of Rhé, on the western coast of France, was for some
time secretary to Count de Gébelin, author of the Monde
Primitif. Baron Steuben, however, prevailed upon him to
resign this quiet post, and accompany him to America as
his secretary and aide-de-camp. They landed at Ports-
mouth, New Hampshire, Dec. 1, 1777, and on the 18th
February ensuing, Mr. Duponceau was appointed a captain
by brevet in the army of the United States. In 1780 his
ill health obliged him to leave the army, and in October,
1781, he was appointed secretary to Robert R. Livingston,
head of the Department of Foreign Affairs. After holding
After holding
the office for about 19 months, Mr. Duponceau commenced
the study of the law, and was admitted an attorney in
June, 1785. In his new profession he soon rose to great
eminence, and felt unwilling to resign his increasing busi-
ness for the office of Chief Justice of Louisiana, which
was tendered to him by President Jefferson. Mr. Dupon-
ceau remained a resident of Philadelphia until his death,
taking an active interest in legal, philosophical, and philo-
logical pursuits, and esteeming as not the least of the re-
wards of his labours, an election to a Corresponding Mem-
bership of the French Institute. The same learned body
awarded to him the prize of "Linguistique," founded by
Volney, for a Memoir on the Indian Languages of North
America, (in French,) which was subsequently pub. in Paris.
Mr. D. pub. several other works, and was the author of
many memoirs communicated to literary and scientific
societies, addresses, essays, and minor pieces. See Encyc.
Amer., xiv. 242. A Dissertation on the Nature and Ex-
tent of the Jurisdiction of the Courts of the U. States; to
which are added a brief Sketch of the National Judiciary
Powers exercised in the United States prior to the adoption
of the present Federal Constitution, by Thomas Sergeant,
and the author's Discourse on Legal Education, Phila.,
1824, Svo.
"A work that should be profoundly studied by all American
authors."-N. Amer. Review. xx. 63. 1825.
"The learned author of this Dissertation is well known as a
scholar and a philosopher, who thinks deeply and accurately. The
volume has been extensively read, and will continue so to be."-
Hoffman's Legal Student, 568.
Eulogium in Commendation of the Hon. W. Tilghman,
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Penna., 1827, Svo.
A brief View of the Constitution of the United States, ad-
dressed to the Law Academy of Philadelphia, 1834, 12mo.
Dissertation on the Nature and Character of the Chinese
System of Writing, 1838. This was the last of his works.
This was the last of his works.
He contends that the Chinese language is not ideographic,
as was generally maintained, but lexigraphic. See a review,
N. Amer. Rev., xlviii. 271.
Duport, John, d. 1617, Preb. of Ely, 1609, was one
of the trans. of K. James's version of the Bible.
"In this volume we have combined at once a sketch of painting
during its brightest era, and an account of the two great masters
| who may emphatically be described as the restorers of art in Eu-
rope."-Edin. Reviews.
A specimen of Mr. Duponceau's philological criticism
may be seen in his Notes to the new edit. of John Eliot's
Grammar of the Massachusetts Indian Language, Boston,
1822, Svo. This is a repriut of Eliot's Indian Grammar,
pub. in 1666.
Dupont, John. Serm., Lon., 1757, Svo.
Duport, James, D.D.. 1606-1679, an eminent Greek
scholar, educated at, and Fellow of, Trinity College, Cam-
bridge, Regius Prof. of Greek, 1632; Master of Magdalen
College, Cambridge, 1668. Gnomologia Homeri, 1660.
Tres Libri Salomonis, &c., 1646, 12mo. Metaphrasis Libri
Psalmorum, &c., 1666, 4to. Musa Subsecivæ, 1676, Sro. |
Sorm., 1660, 4to. Three Serms., 1676, 4to. Lectures on
Theophrastus's Characters, 1712.
Du Pratz, M. Le Page. Hist. of Louisiana, or of
the Western Parts of Virginia and Carolina, Lon., 1763, 2
vols. 8vo.
This author seems to have paid particular attention to geology,
mineralogy, and other branches of natural history."-Lowndes 3
Bill. Man.
Dupre, Edward. Serm., 1782, 4to.
Dupre, John, D.D., d. 1835, aged 82. Serm.. 1781,
4to. Serms., 1782-87, 2 vols. Svo. Discourses, 1815, 2
vols. Svo.
Dupre, Wm. Lexicographia Neologico-Gallica, 1801.
Dupuis, Joseph. Journal of a Residence in Ashan-
tee, Lon., 1824, 4to.
"These papers throw much light on the subject of African dis-
covery, and will be of great use to future travellers.”
"The work of a man of considerable talent.”—Elin. Review.
Dupuis, Thomas S., 1733-1796, an English musical
composer. Two of his anthems will be found in Page's
Harmonia Sacra. A selection from his works was pub. in
2 vols. by his pupil, Mr. Spencer, nephew and son-in-law
of the Duke of Marlborough.
Dupuy, Eliza A., born at Petersburg, Va., a descend-
ant of one of the oldest Huguenot families in that State.
She has written many works, of which the following are
the principal: 1. The Conspirator; of this there have been
24,000 copies sold. 2. Emina Walton, or Trials and Tri-
umphs. 3. Celeste. 4. Florence, or the Fatal Vow. 5. Sepa-
ration. 6. Concealed Treasure. 7. Ashleigh.
Country Neighbourhood, N. Y., 1855.
S. The
Duquery, Henry. Speech in H. of Commons on Ne-
gotiation with France, 1795, Svo.
Duquesne, M. Voyage to the E. Indies, 1690, 91, a
descrip. of Maldives, Cocos, Andamant, &c., Lon., 1696.
Durand, David, 1679-1763, a native of Languedoc,
pastor of the French Church in the Savoy, London, pub. &
number of works upon theology, painting, natural history,
&c., 1717-53. Serms., Rotterdam. 1711, sm. Svo. Hist.
du seizième Siècle. Lon., 1725-32, 7 parts, Svo.
Durant, J. Coal Mine, &c., Phil. Trans., 1746.
Durant, John, b. 1620, a Nonconformist divine,
ejected 1662. Salvation of the Saints, Lon., 1653, Svo.
"A delightful millenarian writer."
Six Serms., 1655. Svo. Spiritual Seamen, 1655. Comfort
and Counsel, 1658, Svo. Altum Silentium, 1659, 12mo. A
Cluster of Grapes taken out of the Basket of the Woman
of Canaan; being the sum of certain Serms., 1660, Svo.
Durant, John. Art in Nature, 1697, 8vo.
Duranti, Saml. Serms., 1623, 8vo.
Durbin, J. P., D.D., a distinguished Methodist divine.
was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, in 1800; entered
Miami University, 1822: subsequently studied at the col-
lege in Cincinnati, and was appointed Professor of Lan-
guages in Augusta College, Ky.; Chaplain U. States Senate,
1831; editor Christian Advocate and Journal, 1832; Pre-
sident of Dickinson College, Carlisle, 1834-45; received
the degree of D.D., 1837; visited Europe, Asia, and Africa,
1842. '43; pastor of a congregation in Phila., 1845; Secre-
tary of the Board of Foreign and Domestic Missions, 1850;
this office he still retains, (1858.) He has been elected to
the general conference of the Church on four several occa-
sions, viz.: in 1844, '48, '52, and '56. See Men of the Time,
N.Y., 1852. Author of Observations in Europe, principally
in France and Great Britain, N. York, 1844, 2 vols. 12mo.
533
DUR
DUR
*
Highly commended as combining information and enter-
tainment to a remarkable degree. Also, Observs. in Egypt,
Palestine, Syria, and Asia Minor, 1845, 2 vols. 12mo.
Edited the American edit. of Wood's Mosaic History of
the Creation, with copious Notes, New York, 1831, Svo.
Contributed to sundry periodicals. For further particulars
respecting Dr. Durbin, see the National Magazine, pub. by
Messrs. Carlton and Phillips, New York.
Durel, John, D.D., 1625–1683, a native of St. Helier's,
Isle of Jersey, entered Merton Coll., Oxf., 1640; Preb. of
Salisbury and Canon of Windsor, 1663; Dean of Windsor,
1677. During the Commonwealth he retired to France;
at the Restoration became minister of the French Church
in the Savoy, London. Respecting the Savoy, see Strype,
Wood's Athen. Oxon., or Cunningham's Hand Book of
London. A View of the Govt. and Pub. Worship of God
in Reformed Churches beyond the Seas; wherein is shewed
their Conformity and Agreement with the Ch. of England,
Lon., 1662, 4to; abridged, 1705, Svo. This book excited
a warm controversy; see Athen. Oxon. Sanctæ Ecclesiæ
Anglicanæ, &c., 1669, 4to. Theoremata Philosophiæ.
Among the pieces in this collection is a French trans. of
the Whole Duty of Man, partly written by Mrs. Durel.
The Liturgy of the Ch. of England asserted, in a Serm.,
preached in French; trans. into English by G. B., Lon.,
1662, '68, 4to. In Latin, 1670, Svo.
Durell, David, D.D., 1728-1775, a native of the Isle
of Jersey, educated at Pembroke Coll., Oxf., became Fel-
low and Principal of Hertford Coll. The Hebrew Text of
the Parallel Prophecies of Jacob and Moses, relating to
the twelve Tribes, with trans., notes, &c., Oxf., 1764, 4to.
Critical Remarks on the Book of Job, Proverbs, Psalms,
Ecclesiastes, and Canticles. See an analysis of this work
in the Lon. Monthly Review, O. S., xlvii. 119–129.
..
Many of the observations in these volumes are of considerable
value. Dr. Durell was a bold critic, and dealt freely, and sometimes
successfully, in emendations of the text, and in new arrangements
of the words and letters. . . . His works deserve a place in every
critical library.”—Orme's Bibl. Bıb.
Durell, Philip. A Particular Account of the Taking
of Cape Breton from the French, Lon., 1745, fol.
Durfee, Job, 1790-1847, b. in Tiverton, R.I. What-
cheer; a Poem, 1832, 12mo. Complete Works of, with a
Memoir by his Son, Providence, 1849, 8vo.
D'Urfey, Thomas, d. at an advanced age, 1723, was
a descendant of an ancient French Protestant family who
settled in Exeter, where Tom-as he is always styled-first
saw the light. In early life he selected the law as a pro-
fession; but a taste for light literature indisposed him to
serious application to legal research, and the gay company
which he frequented left him little leisure for such profit-
able occupation of his time. Besides, he possessed the
dangerous accomplishments, seldom combined, of being
able to write and sing a good song. He also commenced
composing dramatic pieces,-The Siege of Memphis, 1672;
Madam Fickle, 1677: Bussy D'Ambois, 1691, and 29
others, see list in Biog. Dramat.,-which, fortunately,
are now forgotten.
Towards the close of his life he was a sufferer from the
res angusta domi; and-to quote his own language-
"after having written more odes than Horace, and about
four times as many comedies as Torence, he found himself
reduced to great difficulties by the importunities of a set
of men, who of late years had furnished him with the ac-
commodations of life, and would not, as we say, be paid
with a song." See Guardian, No. 67.
...
By the influence of Addison, D'Urfey's play of The
Plotting Sisters was acted for his benefit, and seems to
have produced a handsome result. In the Guardian, No.
67, Addison makes a strong appeal for a good benefit to
the veteran wit and poet. D'Urfey excelled in song, sa-
tires, and irregular odes.
odes. A collection of these was pub.
in three volumes, under the singular title of Laugh and
be Fat, or Pills to Purge Molancholy. These were repub-
lished, and three vols. added, by subscription in 1719, 20,
under the title of Wit and Mirth, or Pills to Purge Melan-
choly, 6 vols. 12mo. It would appear that to the first col-
lection, at least, there had been other contributors besides
D'Urfey.
"I cannot sufficiently admire the facetious title of these volumes,
and must censure the world of ingratitude, while they are so negli-
gent in rewarding the jocose labours of my friend Mr. D'Urfey, who
was so large a contributor to this treatise, and to whose humorous
productions so many rural squires in the remotest parts of this
island are obliged for the dignity and state which corpulency gives
them."-SIR RICHARD STEELE: Guardian, No. 29, April 14, 1713. Ride
si sapis.
/
A collection of his Poems, consisting of Satyrs, Elegios,
and Odes, was pub. in 1690, 8vo. Stories, Moral and Co-
331
¡
mical, 1691, Svo. Tales, Tragical and Comical, 1704, 8vo.
New Operas, with Comical Stories and Poems, 1721, 8vo.
See Lowndes's Bibl. Man. for separate publications. To
the Essay towards the Theory of the Intelligible World,
Swift is said to be indebted; particularly for the idea of
his marbled pages. These volumes are now scarce. Mr.
Henry G. Bohn, London, some years since advertised a
collection, 14 vols. in all, uniformly bound in morocco, at
£16 16s. The higher such books are held in price, the
better for the public. We want no People's Editions of
writers of this class.
D'Urfey's Tory songs did much to strengthen the royal
cause, and his Protestant lays helped to bring popery into
disrepute. In the style both of his personal character
and his writings, no man could have better suited the dis-
solute circles in which he spent his youth and middle age,
than Tom D'Urfey.
Ka
·
I myself remember King Charles leaning on Tom D'Urfey's
is certain that monarch was not a little supported by Joy to great
shoulder more than once, and humming over a song with him. It
Cæsar. which gave the whigs such a blow as they were not able
to recover that whole reign. My friend afterwards attacked popery
with the same success, having exposed Bellarmine and Porto-Car-
rero more than once, in short satirical compositions which have
got a reputation in his country, by pretending to have been in com-
been in every body's mouth. Many an bonest gentleman has
pany with Tom D'Urfey."-ADDISON: Guardian, No. 67, May 28,
•
·
1713.
Durham, James, 1622?–1658, a captain in the army,
was ordained a minister at Glasgow, 1647; Prof. of Di..
vinity there, 1650. Test. to the Ch. of Scot., 1659, Svo;
Edin., 1680, 12mo.
Edin., 1680, 12mo. Expos. of Job, Glasg., 1659, 12mo.
Revelation, Amst., 1660; Edin., 1680, 4to; Glasg., 1788,4to.
He shortly interprets the text, endeavours to point out the
application of the distinct prophecies, and supports his views by
historical references. He also occasionally indulges in conjecture
respecting the future."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
• Very spiritual and evangelical.”—BICKERSTETH.
Edin., 1683, 4to; 1723, fol. Clavis Cantici; or an Expos.
7th ed., Glasg., 1769, 8vo. 62 Sermons on Isaiah liii.,
of the Song of Solomon, Lon., 1669, 4to; Edin., 1724, 4to;
Aberd., 1840, Svo.
+
· A favourite work with those persons who enter fully into the
mystical design of the sacred writer, and approve of its entire ap
plication to Christ and the church."-ORME: ubi supra.
Expos. of the Ten Commandments, Lon., 1675, 4to.
The Unsearchable Riches of Christ, Glasg., 1685, 12mo.
Heaven upon Earth, Edin., 1685, 12mo.
The expository works of Durham are highly respectable, not
for their display of learning or critical knowledge, but for their
good sense, enlightened piety, and practical acquaintance with the
Scriptures."―ORME: ubi supra,
Durham, James. 7 Serms. on Rev. xiv. 13, with a
vindication of W. Guthrie, Lon., 1682, 12mo.
Durham, James George. Christ'y the Friend of
Man, Lon., 1803, Svo. The Providence of God, 1804, Svo.
Durham, Simeon of. See SIMEON.
Durham, Wm., 1611-1686, a native of Gloucester-
shire, Rector of St. Mildred's, London, &c. Family In-
struction. Life of Dr. Harris, Prest. of Trin. Coll., Oxf.,
1660, 12mo. Sermons on 1 Cor. xvi. 13, Lon., 1671, 4to;
on Hebrews xiii. 16, 1679, 4to.
Durivage, Francis Alexander, b. at Boston, 1814.
1. Cyclopedia of History, Svo, pp. 780. 2. Stray Subjects,
Phila., 12mo. 3. Life Scenes, Boston, 12mo. 4. Trans-
lated, in connection with W. S. Chase, Lamartine's History
of the Revolution of 1848. Mr. D. is the author of several
Plays and Poems, and has contributed largely to the pe-
riodical literature of the U. S.
Durnford, Charles, and E. H. East. Reports in
Ct. of K. B., 1785-1800, Lon., 1787-1800, 8 vols. fol.;
1794-1802, 8 vols. Syo. New ed. (5th) with references,
S
1817, 8 vols. Svo. 3d Amer. ed., N. York, 1834, 8 vols. in
4, 8vo. Durnford and Eust commenced the practice of
periodical reports.
"These gentlemen have acquired a great share of approbation
and the reputation of great attention.”—Bridg. Leg. Bib., 105.
rican courts than those of Durnford and East.
No English Reports are more frequently cited in Ame-
Durnford, W. Trafalgar; a Poem, 1807.
Durston, Wm., M.D. Med. con. to Phil. Trans.,
1669, '70.
Dury, Alex. De Terre Motu, Genev., 1721, 4to.
Dury, John, a Scotchman and a Jesuit. Confutatio
Responsionis G. Whitakeri, &c., Paris, 1582, 8vo.
Dury, John, a Scotch divine, who laboured to unite
the Lutherans and the Calvinists, and subsequently to pro-
mote a union between all Christians. Among his works
are Consultatio theologico super negocio Pacis Ecclesiast.,
Lon., 1641, 4to. A Model of Ch. Government, 1647, 4to.
Earnest plea for Gospel Communion, 1654. Summary
1
1
DUS
Platform of Divinity, 1654. See a list of others in Watt's
Bibl. Brit. The piety, zeal, and excellent design of Dury
entitle his memory to great respect. See Tanner; Mosheim;
Benzelius's Sketch of Dury, Helmstadt, 1744; Burnet's
Life of Bedell; Ward's Gresham Professors.
Dusautoy, Frederick. 20 Serms. suitable to the
times, on the first part of the Book of Common Prayer,
Lon., 1845, 12mo.
Dusautoy, J. A. Reckoner, 1805, 8vo.
Dutens, Lewis, 1729-1812, a native of Tours, in
France, took orders in the Church of England, and became
Rector of Elsdon, Northumberland. Among his works
are the following: Recherches sur l'Origine des Decou-
vertes, &c., Paris, 1766, 2 vols. 8vo; trans. into English,
and pub. at London, 1769, 8vo. Mémoires d'un Voyageur,
&c.,-i.e. Memoirs of a Traveller now in Retirement; con-
taining Historical, Political, and Literary Anecdotes rela-
tive to Several of the Principal Personages of the Age,
Lon., 1806, 3 vols. 8vo. An interesting work. Biblio-
thèque Complète et Choisie dans toutes les Classes et dans
la plupart des Langues, Lon., 1812, 8vo. See a notice of
these and other works of Mr. Dutens in Gent. Mag., lxxxii.,
Pt. 2, 197, and a long Memoir of him, afterwards printed
in 4to, from Mr. Nichols, in same vol., 391.
Dutfield, James. Moths, &c., 1748, 49, 4to.
Duthy, John. 1. Provisions. 2. Corn, 1800, '01.
Dutton, Francis. South Australia and its Mines,
Lon., 1846, Svo.
"The best book which has yet issued from the press. descriptive
of the resources of this thriving colony.”—Lom. Mining Journal.
Dutton, H. F. History made Easy, 1799-1809, 3
vols. 12mo.
Dutton, Hely. Obs. on Archer's Statis. Survey of
the Co. of Dublin, Dubl., 1802, Svo. Statis. and Agricult.
Surveys of the Counties of Clare and Galway, Dubl., 1809
and 1814, 8vo.
"The condition and usages of these remote and benighted parts
of Ireland are very sensibly delineated by the author, who seems
to have well known the statistics and circumstances which required
the representation.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Dutton, Henry. Connecticut Digest, N. Haven, 1833,
8vo. The arrangement of this Digest is analytical instead
of alphabetical, viz.: 1st, Rights of Persons; 2d, Of Things;
3d, Of Wrongs and their Remedies; 4th, Of Chancery;
5th, of Crimes.
Dutton, John, alias Prince Dutton. Farewell to
Temple-Bar, 1694, 4to.
Dutton, M. R., 1783-1825, of N. Haven, Connecticut,
pub. a Course of Mathematics.
Dutton, Matthew. Abridgt. of Irish Statutes, Dubl.,
1718, 4to. Office of Sheriffs, &c. in Ireland, 1709, 21,
8vo. Law of Landlord and Tenants in do., 1726, 2 vols.
Svo; of Masters and Servants, 1723, Svo; of a Justice of
the Peace, 1726; by Warren, 1727, Svo.
"Like all the other books of this author, it merits little praise."
-Pref. to Smyth's Justice, 6.
Dutton, Thomas, Guy Nott, and John Glover.
Warnings of the Eternal Spirit to the City of Edinburgh
in Scotland, Lon., 1710, Svo.
Dutton, Thomas. Pizarro in Peru, from the German
of Kotzebue, Lon., 1799, Svo. The Literary Census; a
Satirical Poem, 1798, Svo. The Wise Man of the East; a
Satirical Poem, 1800, Svo. Dramatic Censor, or Weekly
Review, Lon., 1800, '01, 4 vols. 8vo. Geo. III., 1802, Svo.
Other works.
!
|
Duval. Digest of the Laws of Florida, 1840.
Duval, Francis. Reasons for refusing to continue a
member of the Ch. of Rome, and for joining the Ch. of
England; addressed to his children, Lon.. 1846, 12mo.
Duval, M. Sup. to Smith's Optics, 1785, 4to.
Du Val, Michael. Rosa Hispani-Anglica. &c., 4to.
Duverger. Works on French, Lon., 1784-1812.
Duyckinek, Evert A., of the city of New York, has
gained considerable reputation as a critic and accomplished
essayist. He was the first editor of the New York Literary
World, (pub. 1847-53,) and, after occupying the chair for
about two years, resigned his post to Mr. Charles Fenno
Hoffman. In about a year after this change Mr. Duyckinck
became proprietor and again editor of the periodical. He
was assisted in his labours by his brother, George L.
Duyckinck. In conjunction with his friend Cornelius
Mathews, Mr. E. A. D. edited Arcturus, a Journal of Books
and Opinions. This periodical was continued for about
two years. Mr. D. has also contributed to the New York
Quarterly Review, (pub. 1837-42,) the Democratic Review,
the Morning News, and other periodicals. A highly-com-
plimentary notice of this gentleman will be found in E. A.
Poe's Literati. Mr. E. A. Duyckinck and his brother, Mr.
!
DWI
George L. Duyckinck, also an accomplished scholar, at
the authors of the Cyclopedia of American Literature,
embracing Personal and Critical Notices of Authors, and
Selections from their Writings, from the Earliest Period to
the Present Day, with portraits, autographs, and other
illustrations, N. York, 1856, 2 vols. r. 8vo. This work bas
been highly commended by Washington Irving, Edward
Everett, Wm. H. Prescott, Hon. George Bancroft, and
other eminent scholars; and it well deserves a place in
every American library. We acknowledge our indebted-
ness to it for many facts in regard to American authors.
Dr. Griswold wrote a criticism on it, which appeared in
the New York Herald, Feb. 13, 1856, and which he after-
wards pub. in pamphlet form. Edited Wit and Wisdom
of Sydney Smith, with a Memoir, 1856, 12mo.
Duyckinck, George L., of the city of New York,
has contributed a number of essays and reviews to the
periodicals of the day. Life of George Herbert, N.Y., 1858.
Dwarris, F. Juvenile Essays in Verse, 1805. A
General Treatise on the Statutes, their rules of construc-
tion, and the proper Boundaries of Legislative and Judicial
Interpretation, Lon., 1830, 31, 2 vols. Svo. See Lieber's
Hermeneutics. Criminal Justice in the W. Indies, 1827, Svo.
Dwight, Rev. H. G. O. Christianity revived in the
East, N. York, 12mo; Lon., 1850, p. 8vo. Memoir of Mrs.
Elizabeth 0. Dwight, N. York, 12mo.
Dwight, Henry C., of New Haven, Conn., d. 1832.
Travels in the North of Germany in the years 1825, 26.
N. York, 1826.
This work contains many valuable details, not unmingled,
however, with mistakes, which a longer residence. a closer obser-
vation, or more preparatory study, might have enabled a foreign
tourist to avoid.”—North American Review.
others, of Select Minor Poems from the German of Goethe
Dwight, John S., Translator, in conjunction with
and Schiller, with Notes, Boston, 12mo, pp. 439, being vol.
iii. of Ripley's Specimens of Foreign Standard Literature,
Boston, 14 vols. 12mo.
With a proper allowance for the difficulties of the task, we
may, with a good conscience, congratulate Mr. Dwight on his gene
ral success. Many of the translations are extremely well done."-
GEORGE BANCROFT, in N. Amer, Ker.. xlviii. 506.
Dwight, M. A.
with Preface by Prof. Tayler Lewis, N. York, 1849, 13mo,
Grecian and Roman Mythology,
and some on large paper, Svo.
..
Admirably adapted to make the subject intelligible and attract-
ive to teachers and pupils in classical schools, and in the higher
English seminaries."-PROF. W. S. TYLER, of Amherst College.
Dwight, N. Lives of the Signers of the Declaration
of Independence, N. York, 12mo.
Dwight, Samuel. De Vomitione, &c., Lon., 1722,
Svo. De Hydropibus, 1725, Svo. De Febribus, 1731, Svo.
Dwight, Sereno O., D.D., 1786-1850, a native
of Greenfield, Connecticut, was a son of Dr. Timothy
Dwight, President of Yale College. In 1803 he graduated
at Yale College, where he was for some time a tutor. Ho
subsequently studied law, which he resigned for divinity.
His best-known publications are a life of his great-grand-
father, Jonathan Edwards, and an edition of his works,
1830, 10 vols. Svo; and the Hebrew Wife, (an Illustration
of the Jewish Laws of Marriage.) pub. in 1836. See In-
ternational Mag., N. York, 1850, ii. 195. A vol. of Dr.
Dwight's Select Discourses, with a Memoir of his Life, by
W. T. Dwight, D.D., has been pub. since his decease.
Dwight, Theodore. Hist. of the Hartford Conven-
tion. 1833, Svo. See N. American Rev., xxxix. 208. Mr.
Dwight was secretary of the Convention. Character of
Thomas Jefferson, 1839, 12mo. Diet. of Roots and Deri-
vations. Schoolmaster's Friend. The Father's Book,
12mo. The Roman Republic of 1849, 12mo.
Dwight, Theodore, Jr. Hist. of Connecticut, N.
York, 1841, 18mo. Summer Tour in Northern and Middlə
States.
Dwight, Timothy, D.D., May 14, 1752-January 11,
1817, was a native of Northampton, Massachusetts. His
father was a merchant, a man of exemplary character and
cultivated mind, who had been so fortunate as to obtain in
marriage the hand of Mary, the third daughter of the cele-
brated Jonathan Edwards. We say fortunate,-for Mrs.
Dwight was worthy of her illustrious parentage, and under
her assiduous care the young Timothy had more than the
mere name to remind him of his scriptural namesake.
When 13 years of age be entered Yale College, and in
1769 graduated with distinguished honcurs. His varied
acquirements eminently qualified him for the office of tutor
in his alma mater; and when he resigned this post at the
age of 25, the students almost to a man signed a petition
to the corporation that he should be called to the presi-
dential chair. The presentation of this request was only
635
DWI
DYC
prevented by the interference of the object of such flatter-
ing regard.
When about 19, Dwight commenced the composition of
his principal poem, an epic in eleven books, entitled The
Conquest of Canaan; completed in 1774, when the author
was not quite 23 years of age.
"We are inclined to think there is something too unpoetical in
the author's adaptation of manners to the persons of his poem.
He has studied (to use his own words) ‘a medium between abso-
lute barbarism and modern refinement. In the best characters,
he bas endeavoured to represent such manners as are removed
from the peculiarities of any age or country, and might belong to
the amiable and virtuous of every age.' . . . Corresponding with
the laws which the author prescribed to himself in his Conquest
of Canaan, he made every thing too common. There is little that
is really distinctive, little that is truly oriental, about any of his
persons or scenes. A certain equable current of unexceptionable,
and oftentimes pleasing, thoughts and expressions flows through
the poem. It is occasionally animated, and, in description, some-
times picturesque and poetical. The versification, though greatly
monotonous, having little variety in the pauses, is for the most
part uncommonly smooth. In the expression of strong emotion,
there is avoidance of all offensive extravagance, if it do not reach
the genuine ardour or pathos of the highest order of poetry.
Having said thus much, we fear we have said all that is due to this
poetical work; nor do we say this to deduct any thing from the
high and well-deserved reputation of President Dwight. It is but
the lot of a single man to excel in every thing; and it is often our
misfortune to make a false estimate of our own powers, and to
stake too much of our intellectual wealth on the race in which we
are unable to reach the goal."-S. WILLARD, N. Amer. Rev., vii. 347.
"Some of the passages which I have quoted from the Conquest
of Canaan are doubtless equal to any American poetry produced
at this period."-Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America, to which
we acknowledge our obligations for many of the facts narrated in
this article.
In 1777 Dwight was licensed to preach in the Congrega-
tional Church, and in the same year entered the army as a
chaplain; resigned his commission in 1778; became pastor
of the Congregational Church in Greenfield, Conn., 1783;
President of Yale College from 1795 until his death in
1817. Besides acting as President, Dr. Dwight discharged
the responsibilities appertaining to the posts
of stated
preacher, professor of theology, and instructor of the Se-
nior Class. The following is a list of his works:
1804.
1. America, a Poem in the style of Pope's Windsor Fo-
rest, 1772. 2. The History, Eloquence, and Poetry of the
Bible, 1772. 3. The Conquest of Canaan, an Epic Poem,
1785. 4. An Election Sermon, 1791. 5. The Genuineness
and Authenticity of the New Testament, 1793. 6. Green-
field Hill, a Poem, 1794. 7. The Triumph of Infidelity, a
Satire, 1797. 8. Two Discourses on the Nature and Dan-
ger of Infidel Philosophy, 1797. 9. Serm. on the death of
Eliza Goodrich, 1797. 10. The Duty of Americans in the
Present Crisis, 1798. 11. Discourse on the Character of
Washington, 1800. 12. Discourse on some Events in the
last Century, 1801. 13. Serm. on the death of E. G. Marsh,
14. Sermon on Duelling, 1805. 15. Sermon at the
Andover Theolog. Seminary, 1808. 16. Serm. on the ordi-
nation of E. Pearson, 1808. 17. Sermon on the death of
Governor Trumbull, 1809. 18. Sermon on Charity, 1810.
19. Sermon at the ordination of N. W. Taylor, 1812.
20. Serm. on two days of Public Fasting, 1812. 21. Serm.
before the Amer. Bd. of Foreign Missions, 1813. 22. Re-
marks on a Review of Inchiquin's Letters, pub. in Lon.
Quar. Rev. for Jan., 1814, addressed to the R. H. George
Canning, Esq., by an Inhabitant of New England, 1815.
23. Observations on Language, 1816. 24. Essay on Light,
1816. 25. Theology Explained and Defended, in a Series
of 173 Sermons, Middletown, Conn., 1818, &c., 5 vols. 8vo;
Lon., 1819, 5 vols. 8vo; 1822, 5 vols. Svo; 1823, 5 vols. 8vo;
1824, 5 vols. 18mo; 1827, 5 vols. 18mo; 1828, 6 vols. 24mo;
1840, 5 vols. 18mo; 5 vols. 8vo; 1 vol. imp. Svo. New
Amer. edit., with Memoir of the Author, N. York, 1846, 4
vols. 8vo. 26. Serms., Edin., 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. 27. Travels
in New England and New York, New Haven, 1821, 4 vols.
Svo; N. York, 1822, 4 vols. 8vo; Lon., 1823, 4 vols. Svo.
These notes of travels are the results of historical, topo-
graphical, and statistical collections made during trips in
the summer vacations.
"The work before us, though the humblest in its pretences, is
the most important of his writings, and will derive additional value
from time, whatever may become of his poetry and of his sermons.
... A wish to gratify those who, a hundred years hence, might
feel curiosity concerning his native country, made him resolve to
prepare a faithful description of its existing state. He made notes,
therefore, and collected on the spot. . . . The remarks upon natu-
ral history are those of an observant and sagacious man who makes
no pretensions to science; they are more interesting, therefore,
than those of a merely scientific traveller; and, indeed, science is
not less indebted to such observers, than history to the faithful
chroniclers and humbler annalists of former times."-ROBERT SOU-
THEY, in Lơm, Quar, Rev., xxx. 1.
One would hardly suppose, from the disparaging refer-
ence which Mr. Southey makes to Dr. Dwights "Sermons,"
that his "Theology" was even at that time (1823) in high
estimation with the best judges;
estimation with the best judges; yet such was the case:
nor is there much danger that this profound and compre-
hensive work will ever lose the position which it has so
justly acquired:
"No production of the transatlantic press has met with so fa-
vourable a reception in this country, and experienced so extensive
a circulation, as this work of President Dwight. Nor is its popu
larity likely to be ephemeral. It bears the impress of a most pow-
erful mind, and will pass down to posterity, both in the Old and
New World, as the work of one of the master-spirits of the Chris-
tian Church.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Few books have been more cordially received, or more widely
circulated, than this work of Professor Dwight. The doctrinal sen-
timents which it contains are those of moderate Calvinism; the
arrangement is distinct and methodical, [Mr. Orme thinks other
wise:] the general style and manner chaste and neat, well adapted
to the development of a scheme of didactic theology. It is not
a work of extraordinary depth or originality of thought; cut in
worth reading, and is very useful as a book of reference.”— Wil-
liams's Christian Preacher.
"Dwight's theology, while we agree not in its statements on
church government, and long to see in it more of that divine une
tion which draws the heart to the full enjoyment of communion
with God in Christ, is still the work of a powerful and intelligent
mind, holding scriptural views of divine truth."-Bickersteth's
Christian Student.
The reader should peruse the Life of Dr. Dwight, by his
son Sereno 0. Dwight, D.D., (see the name,) the biography
by Dr. Sprague, and consult Griswold's Prose Writers of
America, and Poets and Poetry of America, for specimens
of the compositions of a writer whose name casts no feeble
lustre upon the literary annals of America.
Dwyer, P. W. The Shield of G. Brit. and Ireland;
a Poem, Lon., 1803, 4to.
a Poem, Lon., 1803, 4to. The Soldier of Fortune; a Co-
medy, Svo.
Dyason, Wm. Poet. and Prose Works, 1804, 7 vols.
Dyce, Rev. Alexander, b. at Edinburgh, June 30,
1797, is a son of General Dyce, who was attached to the
East India service. He was educated at Edinburgh and
Oxford; took holy orders, and served as curate at Lante-
glos in Cornwall, and Nayland in Suffolk. In 1827 be made
London his permanent residence. In this year he pub.
Specimens of British Poetesses, selected and chronologi-
cally arranged, cr. Svo. The Select Translations from
Quintus Smyrnæus gave the world an opportunity to judge
of Mr. Dyce's classical scholarship, and he has evinced his
critical acumen and intimate acquaintance with the myste-
ries of old English literature by his editions of Greene,
Webster, Shirley, Middleton, Skelton, Beaumont and
Fletcher, Marlowe, Peele, Bentley, Collins, Shakspeare,
Pope, Akenside, Beattie, Kemp's Nine Days' Wonder, the
tragedies of Timon and Sir Thomas More, Wotton's Poems,
Porter's Angrie Women of Abington, and some of Dray-
ton's Poems. To these must be added Specimens of Eng-
lish Sonnets from the Earl of Surrey to Wordsworth,
Remarks on Collier's and Knight's editions of Shakspeare,
newly-discovered folio,-pub. in 1853, and his new and
A Few Notes on Shakspeare,-a review of Mr. Collier's
complete ed. of the works of William Shakspeare. The
text revised. With account of the Life, Plays, and cdi-
tions of Shakspeare, Notes, &c., 6 vols. demi Svo. Fine
Portrait, from the Stratford Bust. Completed, 1858.
last furnished-what was most wanted-an edition of the great
"The long and anxiously expected labours of Mr. Dyce have at
poet presenting the most perfect text now to be obtained, with
brief annotations, sufficient for all practical purposes.”—Lon. Athen.
knowledge by displaying something of the same sneering and
"Mr. Dyce not unfrequently injures the real value of his own
self-satisfied temper with which Steevens was accustomed to assail
his brother commentators."-Knight's Eng. Cyc., Div. Biog., vol. ii.
Mr. Dyce is said to be now engaged upon a translation
of Athenæus. We have already had occasion to refer to
some of the labours of this industrious commentator, and
shall have other opportunities as we pass under review the
authors whose merits he has illustrated and whose obscuri-
ties he has explained. As to the crudition and critical
taste of Mr. Dyce in the department of literature which
he has selected, we presume there will be no question, savo
perhaps on the part of that rivalry which is always slow
te perceive merit in dissent. The following brief testi-
monies from three eminent authorities must suffice for the
present article:
"We take this opportunity of expressing our very high opinion
of the diligence, skill, and judgment of the Rev. Alexander Dyce,
whose editions of Peele, Greene, and Webster, leave little to desire,
and still less to improve."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
"We think that no materials over laid before the public are so
well calculated to advance the intelligent study of our immortal
poet (Shakspeare) as Mr. Dyce's unpretending and excellent editions
of Peele and Greene."-Edin. Rev.
"The acknowledged reputation of Mr. Dyce as a reformer of cor
536
DYC
DYM
rupt texts is tcɔ widely extended to be increased by our eulogy. {
Suffice it then to state that he has spared neither industry nor
pains to produce a perfect copy of these immortal dramas, (Plays
of Beaumont and Fletcher."-Lm. Literary Gazette.
Dr. Johnson considers the subject an impracticable ne
for poetry:
"The woolcomber and the poet appear to me such discordant
natures. that an attempt to bring them together is to couple the
serpent with the foul.... Let me, however, honestly report what-
ever may counterbalance this weight of censure. I have been told
that Akenside, who, upon a poetical question, has a right to be
heard. said, That he would regulate his opinion of the reigning
taste by the fate of Dyer's Fleece, for, if that were ill received, he
should not think it any longer reasonable to expect fame from ex-
cellence."-Ubi supro.
cellence.'
Dr. Drake considers Johnson's "stern critique" as unjust,
and devotes several pages to Dyer's vindication :
"But for the harsh censure of the author of the Rambler, the
pages of Dyer would now. perhaps. have been familiar to every
lover and judge of nervous and highly finished description....
To refute his strictures upon Dyer can prove a task of no very
formidable kind, and may restore to due rank a poem which con-
tains a vast variety of landscapes, drawn and coloured in the most
spirited and fascinating style." See Drake's Literary Hours, i. 160,
¦et soq,; ii. 35.
A collective edit. of Dyer's works was pub. in 1761, 8vo.
Dyer, Richard. A Bleeding Saviour; on 1 Cor. v.
7, Lon., 1676, Svo.
learning, revised in 1758 the English edit. of Plutarch's
Dyer, Samuel, 1725?-1772, a man of considerable
Lives. In this he trans. anew the lives of Demetrius and
Pericles. Malone asserts him to have been the author of
the Letters of Junius, but offers no proof to support this
assumption.
Dyer, Thomas H. Life of John Calvin, and extracts
from his Correspondence, Lon., 1849, p. 8vo.
"A careful. painstaking, and elaborate book, grounded upon ori-
ginal documents, especially Calvin's epistles, and the various bio-
En-graphies of him that have appeared from the time of Beza to the
three contemporary German volumes of Dr. Henry."-Lon. Athe-
NœUM.
The same excellent periodical thus compliments Mr.
Dyce's late publication-A Few Notes on Shakspeare, 1853:
Mr. Dyce's Notes are peculiarly delightful, from the stores of
illustration with which his extensive reading, not only among our
writers. but among those of other countries. especially of the Italian
poets, has enabled him to enrich them. All that he has recorded
is valuable. We read his little volume with pleasure and close it
with regret."
Dyche, Thomas. Educational Works, 1710, &c.
Dyckman, Jacob, M.D., 1788-1822, a native of
Yonkers, West Chester co., N. York, practised medicine in
the city of N. York. Pathology of Human Fluids. Dun-
can's Dispensatory, 1818. Adipocire; Trans. N. Y. Ly-
He contemplated writing a work on the Vegetable
Materia Medica of the U. States, and had made collections
for this purpose.
ceum.
Dyde, W. Hist. and Antiq. of Tewkesbury, Tewk.,
1790, 8vo; 2d ed., with addits., 1798, 8vo.
Dyer, Sir Edward, b. about 1540? d. a few years after
the accession of James I., was employed in several foreign
embassies by Elizabeth. He was educated at Oxford,
studied chemistry, associated with Dr. Dee and Edward
Kelly, and was thought to be a Rosicrucian. He wrote
pastoral odes and madrigals, some of which will be found
in England's Helicon, repub. in the Brit. Bibliographer.
A number of his compositions are still in MS. See Athen.
Oxon.; Brydges's Phillips's Theatrum Poetarum; Brit.
Bibliog.; Ellis's Specimens; Gent. Mag., 1813, p. 525.
Dyer, George, of Clifford's Inn, 1755-1841. An
quiry into the Nature of Subscription to the 39 Articles,
1790, 8vo; enlarged 1792; against subscription. Poems,
1792, 4to. Poems and Critical Essays on Poetry, 1802, 2
vols. 8vo. Poetics, 1812, 2 vols. 8vo. Four Letters on the
Eng. Constitution, 1813, 8vo. History of the University
and Colleges of Cambridge, including notices relating to
the Founders and Eminent Men, 1814, 2 vols. 8vo. The
Privileges of the University of Cambridge, together with
additional observations on its History, Antiquities, Litera-
ture, and Biography, 1824, 2 vols. Svo. Other works.
Other works. He
contributed the original portions (save the preface) to Val-
py's Classics, 141 vols. On this work he was engaged from
On this work he was engaged from
1819 to 1830. He edited two plays of Euripides and the
Greek Testament. Charles Lamb says of Dyer, besides a
notice which we do not care to repeat, of two vols. of his
poems, pub. in 1802:
"D. is delightful everywhere, but he is best in such places as
these... When he goes about with you to show you the Halls
and Colleges. you think you have got with you the interpreter of
the House Beautiful.”—ELIA.
Dyer, George, of Exeter. Restoration of the ancient
Modes of bestowing Names on the Rivers, Hills, &c., Exe-
ter, 1805, 8vo.
Dyer, Dier, or Deyer, Sir James, 1511–1582, an
eminent lawyer of the Middle Temple, London, Speaker
of the H. of Commons, 1552; Chief Justice Common Pleas,
1559, '60. Reports K. B., C. P., Ex. and Ch., 4 Hen. VIII.-
24 Eliz., (1513-1582.) In French, Lon., 1585, fol., 1592,
1601, '02, '06, '09, '21, '72. With addits. of Lord Treby's,
1688, fol. In English, by John Vaillant, with addits., 1794,
3 vols. Svo. Abridgt. in English by Sir Thomas Ireland,
1651, Svo. Abridgts. in French, and law tracts. His Read-
ing on Wills was pub. with Brograve on Jointures, and
Risden on Forcible Entries, 1648, 4to. Dyer's Reports
have been highly commended:
"Unto the painfull and diligent student they will both now
sufficiently delight to read, and afford plentifull store of matter
worthie his travaile."-LORD COKE.
"Some humours do more fancy Plowden for his fulness of argu-
ment and plain kind of proof; others do more like Dyer for his
strictness and brevity."--Fulbeck's Directions.
Dyer, Rev. John, 1700-1758, son of Robert Dyer, a
Welsh solicitor, was educated at Westminster School. He
was for a short time employed in the study of the law, but
abandoned it for the life of an itinerant artist. He subse-
quently took holy orders, and had conferred on him the
livings of Calthorpe, Coningsby, Bedford, and Kirkby.
Grongar Hill; a Poem, 1727.
i
"Grongar Hill is the happiest of his productions: it is not, in-
deed, very accurately written; but the scenes which it displays are
so pleasing, the images which they raise are so welcome to the
mind, and the reflections of the writer so consonant to the general
sense or experience of mankind, that when it is once read, it will
be read again.”—DR. JOHNSON: Life of Dyer.
The Ruins of Rome, a Poem in Blank Verse, Lon., 1740,
4to. This was elicited by a visit to Italy; it was not so
much admired as its predecessor. The Fleece, a Poem in
four books, 1757, 4to. This work treats of
“The care of sheep, the labours of the loom.”
+
Dyer, Wm., d. 1696, aged 60, a Nonconformist divine,
was ejected in 1662. Late in life he became a Quaker.
Serms., &c., 1663, '66, '83. Dyer's style has been thought
to resemble Bunyan's.
Dygbey, or Dygbeius. See DIGBY.
Dyke, Daniel, d. about 1614, a Puritan divine of great
learning and piety, educated at Cambridge, was minister
of Coggeshall, Essex, and at one time settled at St. Alban's.
He was suspended in 1588. Self-Deceiving, Lon., 1614,
4to. Repentance, 1631, 4to.
"These treatises are very searching. His doctrine falls as the
small rain upon the tender herb, and as the showers upon the grass.
His works are well written for the times."-Williams's Christian
Preacur.
Six Evangelical Histories, 1617, 4to. Philemon, 1618,
4to. Christ's Temptation, 1631, 4to. Works, (6th edit. of
some of them.) pub. by Jeremiah Dyke, 1635, 4to.
Bishop Wilkins considers Dyke's sermons as among the
best of his time.
The writings of Dyke have a singular flavour and vigour in
them."-Mather's Student.
Dyke, Jeremiah, d. 1620, brother of the preceding,
and also a Puritan divine, was Minister of Epping, Sussex,
in 1609.
Worthy Communicant, 1642, Svo.
Sermons and theolog. treatises, Lon., 1619-10.
Dyke, T. Webb. Verses, &c., 1811, 8vo.
Lon., 1722, Svo.
Dykes. The Royal Marriage; King Lemuel's Lesson,
English Proverbs, Lon., 1708, Svo. Discourses, 1722, 8vo.
Dykes, Oswald. Moral Reflections upon Select
Dyllingham, Francis. Serm., Camb., 1605, 12mo.
Dymock, John. Editions of Cæsar, Sallust, &c., for
schools; Ruddiman's Latin Rudiments, Glasg., 1812, '19,
&c.
"Mr. Dymock is, by his publications, proving himself a great
friend to the rising generation; and they well deserve the popu
larity and public favour they have received.”—Lon. Lil. Gazette.
England, was a member of the Society of Friends, and a
Dymond, Jonathan, 1796-1828, a native of Exeter,
linen-draper. In 1823 he pub. an Inquiry into the Accord-
ancy of War with the Principles of Christianity. This
work did much to promote that earnest advocacy of Peace
between nations which in our day has so startled and
amazed the diplomatists of the Old School. Dymond had
been deeply persuaded of the great influence for good
which could be effected by a comprehensive exhibition of
the true principles of morality as based upon the only in-
fallible standard, the Word of God. To a preparation of
a work of this character he devoted himself with great
assiduity; rising early to his pleasing task, and embracing
every interval of leisure from business to forward his phi-
lanthropic design.
In May, 1828, whilst preparing his work for publication.
he died of a consumption, from which he had been a severe
sufferer since the spring of 1826. His Essay on the Prin-
ciples of Morality, and on the Private and Political Rights
537
DYM
EAR
and Obligations of Mankind, was pub. in London, in 1829,
2 vols. 8vo. The 5th edi. appeared in 1852, Lon., Svo.
Several edits. have been circulated in America also. A
long review of this work by Robert Southey, will be found
in the London Quarterly Review, xliv. S3-120. Whilst we
do not pretend to endorse all of Mr. Dymond's premises
and conclusions, yet we must record our conviction that
his essay is one of the most valuable works in the lan-
guage, and should be carefully studied by all who would
desire to maintain "a conscience void of offence towards God
and man."
"Whether we regard the soundness of his reasonings, the tem
per, candour, and wisdom of his conclusions, the elegance of his
style, the felicity of his illustrations, or the singularly excellent
spirit which pervades the whole, it is entitled to rank high in the
highest class of ethical productions."-PROFESSOR GEORGE BUSH:
Pref. to Amer. edit.
"He takes the word of God as his infallible standard of rectitudo
by which to weigh all actions, and with a clear head and an honest
conscience he follows his principles wherever they lead, knowing
they can never lead wrong. It is amusing as well as instructive
to see with what ease he overthrows all the previous standards of
rectitude which various men had set up-as utility, expediency,
&c.; and establishes the great central truth, that the will of God
is the only infallible standard by which to judge concerning the
|
right or wrong of actius."-PROF. C. D. CLEVELAND: English Int.
of the 19th Century.
Dyos, John. A Sermon preached at Paules Crosse,
the 19th of Juli, 1579, Lon., 1599, 16mo.
Dysart, Earl of. Rational Catechism, Amst., 1712.
Proclamations as were pvblished dvring the Raigne of the
Dyson, Humphrey. A Booke containing all svch
late Queene Elizabeth, Lon.. 1618, fol.
E.
Eachard, John, D.D., 1636-1697, a native of Suffolk,
England, admitted at Catherine Hall, Cambridge, 1653;
Fellow, 1658; Master, 1675. The Grounds and Occasions
of the Contempt of the Clergy and Religion Inquired into,
Lon., 1670, Svo. Observ. upon the Answer to the Inquiry,v.
1671, 12mo. Hobbes's State of Nature Considered in a
Dialogue between Philautus and Timothy, 1672, 12mo.
Some Opinions of Hobbes's Considered in a 2d Dialogue
between Philautus and Timothy, 1673, 12mo. Noncon-
forming Preachers, 1673, 12mo. Works, 1705, 8vo; 1714,
12mo.
With a Life by Thos. Davies, with the assistance of
Drs. Johnson and Farmer, 1774, 3 vols. 12mo. Eachard's
Dialogues exposing the absurdity of Hobbes's so-called
philosophy, made even that conceited dogmatist sensitive:
"I was in company with Hobbes when he swore and cursed, and
raved like a madman at the mention of Dr. Eachard's Timothy and
Philautus."-DR. HICKES.
Eades, John. Clear and Comprehensive View of the
Gospel Ministry, 1787,8vo. Revised by J. Hutton. 1819,8vo.
Eadie, John. Scripture Paraphrases in Latin Verse.
Reign of Geo. III. and other Poems, Glasg., 1818, 12mo.
Eadie, John, D.D., LL.D., Prof. of Hermeneutics and
Evidences to the United Presbyterian Church. Biblical
Cyclopædia, 6th ed., Lon. and Glasg., 1857, p. 8vo.
"We give it our most cordial and unhesitating recommenda-
tion."-Lon. Evangel. Mag.
Concordance to the Scriptures, 12th ed., 1853. Dictionary
of the Bible for the Young, 1849, 18mo; 4th ed., 1855, sm.
8vo. Lectures on the Bible to the Young, 1848, 12mo; 2d
ed., 1852. Early Oriental History, 1851, p. Svo. Comment.
on the Greek Text of St. Paul to the Ephesians, 1853, 8vo.
The Divine Love, a series of Doctrinal, Practical, and Ex-
perimental Discourses, 1855, 12mo. Prof. Eadie is one of
the authors of Griffin's Cyclopædia of Biography, edited
by Elihu Rich, Lon, and Glasg., 1854, p. Svo.
Eadmer, d. 1124? the friend and biographer of Anselm,
was elected Bishop of St. Andrew's in Scotland, 1120, but
was never consecrated. His principal work is the Historia
Novorum, or History of his Own Times, 1066-1122. It
was first printed by Selden, Lon., 1623, fol.
Dyson, Jeremiah. Election for Middlesex, Lon.,
4to. Epistle to Mr. Warburton, occasioned by his treat-
ment of the author of the Pleasures of the Imagination,
Lon., 1744, Svo; anon. Dyson was the generous patron
of Akenside. See AKENSIDE, MARK, M.D.
Dyson, Richard R. The History and Antiquities
of the Parish of Tottenham-high-cross, by H. G. Oldfield
and Dyson, Lon., 1790, Svo; 2d ed., 1792, Svo.
Dyson, Theophilus, Surgeon. Med. con. to Memoirs
Med., 1792, 1805.
Dyve, Sir Lewis. A Letter from him, giving an Ac-
count of his Escape out of the Court of King's Bench,
1648, 4to. Letter to the Lord Marquis of Newcastle, giv-
ing an account of the conduct of the King's Affairs in Ire-
land from 1648 to 1650, Hague, 1650, 4to.
Eadon, John. Arithmet. works, 1793, &c.
Eagle, F. K., and E. Younge. Cases relating to
Tithes from the Reign of K. John to the 6th Geo. IV.,
Lon., 1826, 4 vols. r. 8vo. An invaluable digest.
Eagle, Fra. New Theory of Pulmonary Consump-
tion, Lon., 1839, Svo.
Eames, Mrs. Elizabeth J., formerly Miss Jesup, a
native of New York, has contributed many excellent po-
Dr. Warton and Mr. Granger remark that Swift had eri-etical compositions to the New Yorker, The Tribune, Gra-
Dr. Warton and Mr. Granger remark that Swift had evi-ham's Magazine, and The Southern Literary Messenger.
dently studied the works of Eachard. The divine was
noted for his success in ridicule, but on subjects of a serious
character did not appear to much advantage. Baker, of
St. John's College, Cambridge, was greatly disappointed
when he went to hear him preach, and Swift tells us
The Crowning of Petrarch, Cleopatra, and the Sonnets to
Milton, Dryden, Addison, and Tasso are deserving of warm
“I have known men happy enough at ridicule, who, upon grave
subjects, were perfectly stupid; of which Dr. Eachard. of
bridge, who writ The Contempt of the Clergy, was a great instance."
Eachard, John. Serms., 1645, 46, 4to.
Eachard. See ECHARD.
commendation.
"She writes with feeling: but she regards poetry as an art, and
to the cultivation of it she brings her best powers. While thought
ful and earnest, therefore, her pieces are for the most part distin.
Cam-guished for a taseteful elegance."-Griswold's Female Poets of Amer.
Eames, Jane A., of Massachusetts, is favourably
known as the authoress of My Mother's Jewel, Agnes and
Eliza, and other religious works for the young, pub. by the
Prot. Epis. S. S. Union.
Eames, John, d. 1744, pub. a number of papers on
mathematics, natural philos., &c. in the Phil. Trans., 1726-
42. In conjunction with J. Martyn he pub. an abridgt. of
the Phil. Trans., 1719-1733, in 1734, 2 vols. 4to.
Earbery, Matthias. Deism, 1697, Svo. Power of
the Prince, 1717, 8vo. Hist. of the Clemency of our Eng-
lish Monarchs, 1717, 8vo. Vindication of ditto, 1720, 12mo.
The Pretended Reformers, 1720, 8vo. Earl of Notting-
ham's Answer to Whiston, &c., 1721, 8vo. The Occasional
Historian, 4 Nos. in 1 vol. Svo, 1730-32. Earbery under-
went much persecution.
|
A Life of St. Anselm, 1093-1109. Often printed with
Anselm's works, and also by Wharton in the Anglia Sacra.
The Lives of St. Wilfrid, St. Oswald, St. Dunstan, and
others. Also in the Anglia Sacra.
Eagle, P. A. Life-Assurance Manual, Lon., 1852, Svo.
Eagle, Wm. 1. Making of Wills. 2. Case of Evans
Rowe, 1827. 3. Law of Tithes, 1836, 2 vols. r. Svo. 4.
Acts for Commu. of Tithes; 3d ed., 1843, 12mo. 5. Magis-
trate's Pocket Companion; 2d ed., 1844, 12mo.
Eagles, Rev. John. 1. The Sketcher, Lon., 1856,
Svo. 2. Essays. 1857, Svo. 3. Sonnets, 1858.
See Lon.
Athen.. 1858, Pt. 2, 137.
Eagles, Thomas. 1. Mountain Melodies, and other
Poems, Lon., Svo. 2. Relvedder, Baron Kolff, and other
Poems, Svo. 3. Brendallah; a Poem, 1838, 8vo.
Ealred. See AILRED OF RIEVAUX.
Earl, George W. Eastern Seas; or, Voyages and
Adventures in the Indian Archipelago, 1832, 33, 34, Lon.,
1837, 8vo.
"Mr. Earl's volume contains much that is novel, communicated
in an unaffected and agreeable manner."-Lon. Athenæum.
Enterprise in Tropical Australia, 1846, p. 8vo. Native
Races of Indian Archipelago-Papuans, (Ethnograph.Lib.,)
Lon.. 1853, 8vo. Trans. of D. H. Kolff, Jr.'s Voyages of
the Dutch Brig of War Dourga.
Earle, Augustus. Residence in New Zealand in
1827, with a Journal of a Residence in Tristan d'Acunha,
Lon., p. 8vo.
“Mr. Earle's journal gives us much curious information in a
very agreeable manner."-Lon. Literary Gazelle.
Earl, Jabez, D.D., 1676?-1768, a dissenting minister,
pub. a number of serms., theolog. treatises, &c., 1706-35.
Treatise on the Sacrament, 1707, Svo. Often reprinted
New ed., 1816, Svo. His style is
..
Judicious, pathetic, and very laconic."-DR. DODTRIDGE.
A small collection of Poems in Latin and English.
538
EAR
Earle, Sir James, Knt., Surgeon. Chirurgical Works
of Percival Pott, with a Life, Lon., 1790, 3 vols. 8vo; 1808,
3 vols. 8vo. Hydrocele, 1791, 8vo; 3d ed., 1805. Opera-
tion for the Stone, 1793, '96, 8vo. Curved Spine, 1799, 8vo.
Cataract, 1801, Svo. Fractures, 1807, 8vo. Hæmorrhoidal
Excrescences, 1807, 8vo. Calculus; sce Phil. Trans., 1809.
Earle, or Earles, John, 1601–1665, entered at Mer-
ton Coll., Oxford, 1620, became chaplain and tutor to Prince
Charles, and accompanied him in his exile. On the Resto-
ration he was made Dean of Westminster, consecrated
Bishop of Worcester in 1662, and transferred to Salisbury
in 1663. Microcosmographie; or, A Pecce of the World
discovered in Essayes and Characters, Lon., 1628, Svo; 6th
ed., 1630, 12mo; 10th ed., Salisbury, 1786. New ed. (78
characters) with Notes and Appendix, by Philip Bliss, Lon.,
1811, sm. 8vo. This ed. contains a Catalogue of the various
Writers of Character to the year 1700.
C.
Perhaps the most valuable collection of characters. previous to
the year 1700, is that published by Bishop Earle, in 1628, under the
title of Microcosmography, and which may be considered as a pretty
faithful delineation of many classes of characters as they existed
during the close of the sixteenth, and commencement of the seven-
teenth, century.”—Drake's Shakspeare and His Times.
An Elegy upon Francis Beaumont, by Bishop Earle, will
be found printed at the end of Beaumont's Poems, 1640.
He trans. into Latin the Eikon Basilike, (Hague, 1619,)
and Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity; the last was destroyed
by the carelessness of his servants. The character of
Bishop Earle was most exemplary. Warton declares that
since the death of the celebrated Hooker, none have lived
Whom God hath blest with more innocent wisdom, more sanc
tified learning, or a more pious, peaceable, primitive temper."
Bishop Burnet tells us that Earle
++
"Was the man of all the clergy for whom the king had the
greatest esteem."
Earle, Rev. John. Remarks on the Prefaces to the
first and second vols. of Dr. Geddes's Bible.
Earle, Wm., Jr. The Welshmen; a Romance, 1801,
4 vols. Welsh Legends, 1801, 12mo. Trifles in Verse,
1803, 12mo. Obi; or, Hist. of Three-fingered Jack, 12mo.
Earle, Wm. Benson, 1740-1796, reprinted from a
scarce pamphlet an exact Relation of the famous Earth-
quake and Eruption of Mount Etna, 1669, to which he
added a Letter from himself to Lord Lyttelton, Lon., 1775,
Svo. Earle was a munificent benefactor to various chari-
ties in Bristol, Winchester, and Salisbury.
શ
Earlom, Richard, 1742–1822, an eminent engraver
of London. Liber Veritatis; or, A collection of Prints
after Claude Lorraine, with descriptions, Lon., 1777-1804,
3 vols. fol. Baker's sale, 257, vols. i. and ii., and Nos. 1
and 2 of vol. iii., £55 13s. Fonthill, 2250, 3 vols., £91 78.
Portraits of Characters illustrious in English History, by
Rich. Earlom and Turner, 1813, 4to.
Earnest, Robert. Vaccination, Lon., 1807, Svo.
Earnshaw, C. The Wreath; Poet. Gleanings, 1801,
8vo.
Earnshaw, James. Abstract of Penal and other
Statutes rel. to the Customs, Lon., 1793-1807, 3 vols. 8vo.
Earnshaw, Thomas. Time-keepers, &c., Lon., 1806,
'09. Svo.
Earnshaw, Wm., M.D. Profess. Case, Phil. Trans. iii.
Earnshaw, Wm. Laws rel. to Shipping, &c., Lon.,
1818, Svo. Digest of Acts rel. to Shipping, &c., 1820, 8vo.
Earsden, John. Ayres, 1618.
Earnulph. See ERNULPH.
Eason, Alex., M.D. Med. Com., 1776.
Eason, Alex., Surgeon. Med. Com., ii., v., viii.
Eason, L. Guide to Salvation, Bruges, 1693, Svo.
East, D. J. Western Africa; its Condition, and Chris-
tianity the Means of its Recovery, Lon., 1844, 12mo.
"The analysis of your book embraces almost all the topics re-
lating to Africa worthy of notice; and if they are well handled, as
I have no doubt they will be. will form a very valuable and useful
work.”—Thomas Clarkson to the Author.
"I have read with great attention the analysis of your forth-
coming book, with which I am much pleased."Sir T. F. Buxton
to the Author.
East, Sir Edward Hyde. King's Bench Reports,
1800-12, Lon., 1801-14, 16 vols. Svo. New ed. by Thos.
Day, Phila., 1817, 16 vols. 8vo. With Notes, by George M.
Whartou, of the Phila. Bar, 1845, 16 vols. in S, 8vo. No-
thing is omitted in Mr. Wharton's ed., and the reader has
the advantage of his notes as well as those of Mr. Day.
The price of the last ed. is but $25. Mr. Day's ed. was
pub. at $72. The value of East's Reports is too well known
to render comment necessary. See DURNFOrd, C., and
EAST, E. H.
Pleas of the Crown; or a General Treatise on the Prin-
ciples and Practice of Criminal Law, Lon., 1803, 2 vols.
EAS
8vo; Phila., 1806, 2 vols. In the preparation of this work
the compiler expended the industry of fifteen years.
"He has presented to the world a production which is entitled
to the praise of accuracy, neatness, and conciseness; a classical
performance in its kind."-Lon. Monthly Review, 1. 420,
See Warren's Law Studies, 2d ed., 1845, 620.
East, John. Serm., 1819, 8vo. Sabbath Meditations
in Prose and Verse, 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. The Happy Moment,
1835, 18mo. Other works.
East, Thomas. Death-Bed Scenes, Lon., 1825, 12mo.
"A welcome companion on the bed of sickness and death."-
Lowndes's Brit. Li
Other works.
Eastburn, Rev. James Wallis, d. 1819, aged 22,
an American poet, a native of New York, is best known as
a colleague of Robert C. Sands in the composition of Ya-
moyden, a Tale of the Wars of King Philip, pub. at New
York in 1820. Some interesting particulars concerning
Mr. Eastburn will be found in Griswold's Poets and Poetry
of America, 11th ed., 1852, p. 213, article ROBERT C. SANDS.
Eastburn, Manton, D.D., Bishop of the Prot. Epis.
Church of Massachusetts, was born in England, Feb. 9,
1801. He was consecrated assistant bishop of Mass., Dec.
29, 1842, and in 1843, by the decease of Rt. Rev. W. Gris-
wold, became bishop of that diocese. Lectures on the
Epist. of St. Paul to the Philippians, N. York, 1833, 8vo.
Bp. E. has pub. a number of sermons and charges, edited
Thornton's Family Prayers, and delivered literary lectures
on various occasions.
Eastcott, Rev. Richard. Sketches of the Origin,
Progress, and Effects of Music, Bath, 1793, Svo.
"An entertaining compilation by an enthusiastic admirer of
music."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
Easterbrook,Jos. Appeal to the Public, Bristol, Svo.
Eastlake, Sir Charles Lock, an eminent painter,
b. at Plymouth, Devonshire, in 1793, was elected President
of the Royal Academy in 1850. 1. Trans. of Goethe's
Theory of Colours, Lon., 1840, Svo. 2. F. Kugler's Hand-
Book of Painting, trans. by a Lady, edited by Sir Ch. L. E.,
2 parts, r. Svo, 1842, '43; 2d ed., 1851, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Co
By far the best manual we are acquainted with.”—Lon. Eccle
siastic.
3. Materials for a Hist. of Oil Painting, 1847, Svo.
From the invention of oil painting to this day. Mr. Eastlake's
volume carefully examines and states every ascertainable particu-
lar. and fairly settles questions of priority and merit."-Lon. Lite-
rary Gazelle.
4. Contributions to the Literature of the Fine Arts, 1818,
8vo.
..
There cannot be a doubt that a knowledge of the principles
which govern auy branch of art must greatly increase the power
of the artist, as it certainly contributes materially to the pleasure
derived from its contemplation. But neither English painters nor
English critics are overstocked in this respect: and both may be
glad to receive. in a permanent form, such additions as Mr. East-
lake has here made to the literature of the fine arts."-Lon. Exam.
Eastman, Charles G., an American poet, who has
been connected with the press at Burlington, Woodstock,
and Montpelier, Vermont, pub. a collection of his poems
in 1848, Montpelier, 18mo. He has been highly com-
mended as a successful delineator of the "rural life of New
England."
Eastman, G. W., and Levi S. Fulton. Works
on Book-keeping and Penmanship; pub. in New York.
Eastman, Mrs. Mary H., is a daughter of Dr.
Thomas Henderson, U. S. Army. In 1835 she was mar-
ried to Capt. S. Eastman, U. S. A.; and as a companion of
her husband at Fort Snelling and other frontier stations,
has enjoyed excellent opportunities of studying the Indian
character, which she has so graphically depicted. Mrs.
Eastman has pub. four works relating to the Aborigines
of America-viz. 1. Dahcotah, or Life and Legends of the
Sioux, N. York, 1849, 12mo. 2. Romance of Indian Life,
Phila., 1852, Svo. Orig. pub. in The Iris of 1852. 3. Ame-
rican Aboriginal Portfolio, illustrated by S. Eastman, U. S.
Army, 1853, 4to.
Army, 1853, 4to. 4. Chicora, and other Regions of the
Conquerors and Conquered, 1854, sm. 4to.
“Of all the portraitures of Indian life and character that have
to the truth than those by Mrs. Eastman. Her books are among
been given to the public. none, probably, have come more nearly
the very best contributions to our native literature that have lately
appeared"-PROF. HART: Female Prose Writers of America, q. v.
In 1852 Mrs. Eastman pub. a novel entitled Aunt Phillis's
Cabin, intended as a response to Mrs. Stowe's Uncle Tom's
Cabin. The sale of the former work reached 18.000 copies
in a few weeks. She has also contributed to Arthur's Home
Magazine and to other journals.
Eastman, Philip, b. 1799, at Chatham, New Hamp-
shire, grad. at Bowdoin College, 1820. As commissioner
under a resolution of the legislature of Maine, passed Oct.
22, 1840, he edited the revised Statutes of that State. He
439
EAS
ECII
also prepared and published a Digest of the Maine Reports, quities, intended as a companion to the Hist. of Eng., Lon.,
26 vols., 1849.
1847, Svo.
Eastinan, Seth, Capt. in U. S. Army, grad. at West
Point, 1829, b. at Brunswick, Maine, illustrator of the work
pub. by Congress entitled History, Condition, and Future
Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the U. S., &c., author of a
work on Topographical Drawing, &c. See EASTMAN, MRS.
Eastmead, Wm. Human Life, Lon., 1814, 12mo.
Easton, James. Human Longevity, Salisb., 1800,Svo.
Easton, M. G. Unitarianism: its History, Doctrines,
and Tendencies, Lon., 1851, 12mo.
Easton, Thomas. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1692.
Eastwick, Edward B., an eminent Oriental scholar
and professor.
1. Grammar of the Hindustani Language,
Lon., 1847, p. Svo. 2. Anvari Suhaili; or, The Lights of
Canopus, 1854, r. Svo. 3. Autobiography of Lutfallah, &c.;
edited by E. B. E., 1857, p. Svo. See JONES, SIR WILLIAM.
Eaton, A. Grammatica Inglesa, &c., Lon., 1814, 8vo.
Eaton, Miss Charlotte E. Rome in the 19th Cen-
Rome in the 19th Cen-
tury; 5th ed., Lon., 1852, 2 vols. 12mo. Excellent.
Eaton, Daniel Isaac, d. 1804. Trial for Paine's
Rights of Man, Lon., 1793, Svo; for pub. a supposed Libel,
1794, 8vo. Helvetius's System of Nature, 1811, Svo. Me-
morial, 1813, 8vo. Continuation of the Age of Reason, 1813.
Eaton, David. Scripture the only Guide to Religious
Truth, York, 1800, Svo. Baptism, Lon., 1826, Svo. Other
works.
Eaton, John, 1575-1641, minister of Wickham Mar-
ket, Suffolk, is considered by some the founder of Antino-
mianism. The Discovery of a most dangerous Dead Faith,
Lon., 1641, 12mo. The Honeycomb of Free Justification,
1642, 4to. Pub. by Robt. Lancaster, who informs us that
Eaton, Cyrus, b. 1784, at Framingham, Mass., was
for 40 years a successful teacher in Maine. In 1845 he
became totally blind. Annals of Warren, Me., with the vols. Svo.
Annals of Warren, Me., with the
Early History of St. George's Broad Bay and the Neighbour-
ing Settlements on the Waldo Patent, 1851, Svo. Woman;
& Poem, 1854.
"The author's faith, zeal, and diligence in doing his calling, and
his faith. patience, and cheerfulness in suffering for the same, were
highly exemplary."
Eaton, General John Henry, 1786-1856. Life
of General Andrew Jackson, Phila., 1824, Svo.
Eaton, Joseph. Disp. Med. Inaug. de Vertigine,
Lugd. Bat., 1686, 4to.
Eaton, Nathaniel. Inquisitio in variantes Theolo-
gorum quorundam sententias de Sabbato et Die Dominico,
Fran., 1633, Svo. Oratio in Acad. Patavina, 1647, 4to.
De Fastis Anglicis, sive Calendarium Sacrum, Lon., 1661,
12mo.
Eaton, Richard. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1616, 4to.
Eaton, Richard. Rates of Mdse, Dubl., 1767, Svo.
Eaton, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1645-54.
Easton, Samuel, D.D. Human Life, in 17 Serms.,
Lon., 1764, Svo. Christ'y as taught by Christ himself, in
18 Serms., 1776, Svo.
"Plain. easy. and sensible discourses, abounding with good sense,
and manifesting the author's learning and application."-Lon.
Monthly Review.
Eaton, Samuel, minister of Harpswell, Maine, d.
1822, aged 85. Serm. on the death of Jacob Abbot, 1820.
Eaton, W. Political Relations of Russia, 1803.
Eberle, J., M.D. Notes of Lectures on the Theory
and Practice of Medicine, Phila., 1844, 12mo. Notes and
Additions, by Geo. McClellan, M.D., 1840, Svo. Treatise
on the Diseases and Physical Education of Children; with
Notes and Additions, by T. D. Mitchell, M.D., 8vo. Trea-
tise of the Materia Medica and Therapeutics, 1847, 2 vols.
in 1, Svo.
1
Ebers, John. Seven Years of the King's Theatre,
Lon., 1828, Svo.
Eburne, Richard. Serms., &c., Lon., 1613, '16. A
plaine Pathway to Plantations. In three Parts, 1624, 4to.
In this vol. will be found "Motives for a present Plantation
in Newfoundland."
Eccles, Ambrose, a native of Ireland, d. 1809, pub.
in three vols., (in all,) edits. of Cymbeline, 1793, Svo; King
Lear, 1793, Svo; Merchant of Venice, 1805, 8vo.
"Each volume contains, not only notes and illustrations of va
rious commentators, with remarks by the editor, but the several
critical and historical essays that have appeared at different times
respecting each piece."-Biog. Dramat.
"It has demonstrated its usefulness by furnishing us at once
with what would have required hours of search among dusty tomes
to attain."-Church and State Gazelle.
"A seasonable and judicious work."-Edin. Review.
Eccles, James, M.D. Ed. Med. Ess., 1737.
Eccles, John, d. 1735, a musical composer, set some
of Congreve's songs and odes to music. The airs were
greatly admired, and considered among the best of the day.
Eccles, Samuel. Serms., 1750, '51, '53, '54, '55.
Eccleston, James. Introduction to English Anti-
Questions on Mosheim and Burnet, 12mo. Treatise con-
cerning the Life of God in the Soul of Man, 18mo.
Eccleston, Theodore. The Quaker's Case of not
Swearing, 1694, 4to.
Ecclestone, Edward. Noah's Flood, or the De-
struction of the World; an Opera, Lon., 1679, 4to. Repub.
as The Cataclysm, in 1685, and as The Deluge, in 1691.
Echard, Laurence, 16712-1730, a native of Suffolk;
educated at Christ's College, Cambridge; presented to the
livings of Welton and Elkinton, Lincolnshire; Archdeacon
of Stowe, 1712; presented by George II., about 1722, to
the livings of Rendlesham, Sudborne, and Alford, Suffolk.
Description of Ireland, Lon., 1691, 12mo; of Flanders,
1691. Compend. of Geography, 1691, 1713, Svo. The
Roman History to the settlement by Augustus Cæsar. Of
this a 4th ed. was pub. in 1699, Svo; 1699-1705, 5 vols.
8vo; with a continuation, 1713, 5 vols. 8vo; 1719, '20, 5
vols. 8vo. The Roman Hist. from the settlement by Aug.
Cæsar to the removal of the Imperial seat of Constantine
the Great. Of this a 2d ed. was pub. in 1699, Svo. Two
continuations, one of which was revised by Echard, were
afterwards pub. in 3 vols. 8vo. A General Ecclesiastical
History to A.D. 313, 1702, fol.; 1710, 2 vols. Svo; 1712, 6th
ed.; 1722, 2 vols. Svo.
"The Ecclesiastical History of Mr. Laurence Echard is the best
of its kind in the English tongue.”—Prideaux's Connexion.
“A work valuable in many respects."-BISHOP WATSON.
The History of England to 168S, 1707-18, 3 vols. fol.
The author enumerates many authorities, informing us that
"From all these I have compiled a history as full, comprehensive,
and complete, as I could bring into the compass of the proposed
size and bigness. And that nothing might be wanting, have all
the way enriched it with the best and wisest sayings of great men
that I could find in larger volumes, and likewise with such short
moral reflections. and such proper characters of men, as might give
life as well as add instruction to the history."
Calamy, who thought the historian had misrepresented
Nonconformists, and Oldmixon, who conceived that he
the
discovered many historical blunders, both attacked our
author. See Dr. Calamy's Letter to Echard, 1718, and Old-
mixon's Critical Hist. of Eng., &c. But nothing did more
to injure the work than Echard's recital of Lindsey's story
of the conference and contract between Oliver Cromwell
and the Devil on the morning of the battle of Worcester.
Echard by no means endorses the truth of the narration,
but he dismisses the subject with a sly innuendo-or per-
haps intended pleasantry :-
"How far Lindsey is to be believed, and how far the story is to
be accounted credible. is left to the reader's faith and judgment,
and not to any determination of our own.”—Vol. ii. p. 713, ed. 1718.
Echard's History lost its popularity after the publication
of Tindal's trans. of Rapin's. The large circulation of the
former work was owing in part to the convenience of his
arrangement:
"This history, being chiefly intended for the useful diversion of
the least irksome to the reader; every reign being divided into so
the nobility and gentry, is put in such a method as appeared to be
many stages or periods, as give frequent opportunities of pauso
and rest."-BISHOP NICOLSON: Eng. Hist. Lib. 61.
His opponent, Dr. Calamy, also praises this feature as
well as other merits of the History:
“The clearness of your method, and the perspicuity of your lan-
I am sin-
guage, are two very great excellencies, which I admire.
gularly pleased with the refreshing divisions of your matter, and
the chronological distinction of the several parts of your history.'
But the doctor proceeds to enumerate grave objectione
to the sprightly chronicler:
"I neither admire many of the authors which you cite, nor your
way of citing them: and I have some reason to think I am not
singular in either. Many of the authors that are cited by you
have so little credit in the world as to be far from giving sufficient
warrant to justify your inserting things from them into an his-
tory that should give an account to posterity of past transactions.
And your way of citing them is liable to very great objections."-
Letter to Mr. Archdeacon Echard, p. 118, 119. See Biog. Brit.
The Gazetteer; a Geographical Index to Europe, 1703,
'04, 2 vols. 18mo; 11th ed., 1716, 12mo. Classical Geogra-
phical Dictionary, revised by S. Echard, 1715, 8vo. Trans.
of Three Comedies of Plautus, 2d ed., 1716. Maxims from
Tillotson, 1719, 8vo. Hist. of the Revolution and Esta-
blishment in 1688, 1725, Svo. Trans. of Terence, by Echard
and others, 9th ed., 1741, 12mo. Serm., 1698, 4to. Serm.,
1726, 8vo.
|
.
In the first volume of Dodsley's Collection of Poems
there is an epigram-so named-on the respective histories
of Echard and Burnet, which reminds us forcibly of the
rapid and graphic pencil of the author of Hudibras:
510
ECH
"Gil's history appears to me
Political anatomy;
A case of skeletons well done,
And malefactors every one.
His sharp and strong incisive pen
Historically cuts up men,
And does with lucid skill impart
Their inward ails of head and heart.
Laurence proceeds another way
And well-dressed figures does display;
His characters are all in flesh,
Their hands are fair, their faces fresh,
And from his sweetening air derive
A better scent than when alive.
He wax-work made to please the sons,
Whose fathers were Gil's skeletons."
Echlin, John. Serm., Dubl., 1712, Svo.
Ecking, Rev. Samuel, 1757-1785. Three Essays
on Grace, Faith,and Experience.1784,8vo; 3d ed., 1806,12mo.
Eckley, Joseph, D.D., 1750-1811, a minister of Bos-
ton, Mass., was a native of England. He pub. several
serms., &c., 1782, '92, '97, 1802, '05, 06, '09, '10. See Wis-
ner's Hist. of the O. S. Church, 45.
Ecton, John. Liber Valorum et Decimarum, Lon.,
1711, 8vo; several eds. Enlarged and repub. by Browne
Willis, under the title of Thesaurus Rerum Ecclesiastica-
rum; last ed., 1763, 4to. A still later edit. of the Liber
Valorum was pub. in 1786, 4to, under the title of Liber
Regis. Bounty of Queen Anne, &c., 2d ed., 1720, '21, 8vo.
Eddis, Wm., Surveyor of the Customs at Annapolis
in Maryland. Letters from America, Historical and De-
scriptive, Lon., 1792. Svo. This work, which comprises the
period from 1769-77, contains the best account we have
of the rise of Revolutionary principles in Maryland. The
letters are forty in number.
"These letters include an interesting period. and relate to events
which, however painful in their detail, and dishonourable to the
British name, have, in their consequences, been not altogether un-
propitious to Great Britain; and are deemed. by some prophetic
minds, to contain in their womb the germs of universal freedom.”
-Lon. Monthly Review.
We need hardly urge the collectors of early American
History to secure this valuable work.
Eddy, Rev. Daniel C. 1. Young Man's Friend,
Lowell, 12mo. 2. Ministers of the Olden Time. 12mo.
3. Lectures to Young Ladies, 12mo. 4. Heroines of the
Missionary Enterprise, Boston, 1850, 16mo.
<.
The biographies are written in a remarkably graphic style, and
they remind us in their spirit and picturesqueness of Headley's
stirring pages."
Eddy, J. H., 1784-1817, a native of New York, pub. |
a map of the State of N. York, and was engaged on a ge-
neral atlas of America at the time of his death. He was
totally deaf.
Eddy, Samuel, of Providence, Rhode Island, d. 1839,
aged 68. Antiquities, &e.
Ede, James. Gold and Silversmith's Calculator, 1806,
12mo. New ed., 1847, 12mo. Gold and S. Coins, 1809,
Svo. Annals of Europe, 1809, 2 vols. 8vo.
Edelen, Philip. Serm.. Lon., 1653, Svo.
Edelman, W. Serms., Lon., 1833, 12mo.
f
Eden, Charles Page. Serm., Isa. xl. 31, On Early
Prayer, Oxf., 1840, Svo. To Mr. Eden we are indebted for
a revised ed. of Bp. Heber's ed. of the Works of Jeremy
Taylor, Lon., 1847-54, 10 vols. 8vo.
"It is no mean praise to be able to say that Mr. Eden has hitherto
escaped from the unmerciful and unscrupulous castigation which
has been bestowed upon others. . . . It is utterly impossible to pro-
duce a more elaborate or correct exposition of the author, whose
enormous labours had rendered the task of properly editing them
well nigh Herculean.”—Bell's Lon. Messenger, notice of vol. vii.
Eden, Hon. Frederick. Historical Sketch of the
International Policy of Modern Europe, Lon.. 1823, Svo.
Eden, Sir Frederick Morton, Bart.. Director of the
Globe Insurance Co., London, 1809. 1. The State of the
Poor; or, an History of the Labouring Classes in England
from the Conquest to the Present Period, Lon., 1797, 3
vols. 4to.
"This is the grand storehouse of information respecting the la-
bouring classes of England, and should have a prominent place in
every library."—McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Economy.
A new ed. of this valuable work, with a continuation to
the present time, is much needed.
ļ
2. Porto Bello, 1798, 8vo. 3. Inhabitants in G. Britain
and Ireland, 1800, Svo. 4. Friendly Societies, 1801, Svo.
5. Eight Letters on the Peace, and on the Commerce and
Manufactures of Great Britain, 1802, Svo. 6. Maritime
Rights of G. Britain, 2d ed., 1808, Svo. 7. On the Policy
and Expediency of Granting Insurance Charters, 1806, Svo.
"The arguments to show the expediency of granting charters to
Insurance companies are quite conclusive, and their validity is now
uu'versally admitted."-McCULLOCH, ubi supra.
Eden, Richard. A Treatyse of the New India; trans.
EDG
from the Latin of Sebastian Munster, Lon., 1553, 8vo. The
Decades of the New World; trans. from the Latin of R.
Martyr, 1555, 4to. Augmented by Richard Willes, 1577,
4to. The same Englished by Eden and Lok, 1612, 4to.
The Arte of Nauigation; trans. from the Spanyshe of Mar-
tin Cortes, 1561, '78, '80, '84, 4to. A very few copies have
a folding wood-cut map of America. This is very valuable,
especially to the collector of American History. Decade
of Voyages; trans. from the Latin of Lewes Vertomanus,
1576, Svo. The History of Travayle in the West and East
Indies, and other Countreys lying eyther way towardes the
fruitfull and rych Moluccaes, &c. Gathered in parte, and
done into Englishe, by Richard Eden. Newly set in order,
augmented and finished, by Richard Willes, 1577, 4to.
Willett, 844, £3 188. Roxburghe, 7179, £6 108. A long
extract from Willes's explanatory preface to this rare work
will be found in Rich's Cat. of Books relating principally
to America, 1832, p. 14. A very necessarie and profitable
Booke concerning Nauigation; trans. from the Latin of
Joannes Taisnierus. Sold along with the Arte of Nauiga
tion, 1579, 4to.
• Eden was the first Englishman who undertook to present in a
collective form the astonishing results of that spirit of maritime
enterprise which had been everywhere awakened by the discovery
of America: nor was he a mere compiler: we are indebted to him
for several original voyages of great curiosity and value. He is
tegrity is certainly superior to Hakluyt; yet it is undoubted. that
not exempt from error. but in point of learning, accuracy, and in-
while the name of the latter, like that of Vespucci, has become in-
delibly associated with the New World, his predecessor is very little
known.”—Rich's Bill. Amer. Nova.
Eden, Robert, Archdeacon of Winton. Jurispruden-
tia Philologica; sive Elementa Juris Civilis, secundum
Methodum et seriem Institutionum Justiniani, notis Clas-
sicis et Historicis, nec non Paralleli: Juris Anglicani Locis,
illustrata, Oxon., 1744. 8vo; Lon., 1763, 4to. Antonii
Tullis Ciceronis Notis Illustrata, 1761. 4to.
Schultingii Jurisconsulti Oratio de Jurisprudentia Marci
Eden, Robert, D.D., Canon of Windsor. Serms. pub.
separately, 1743, 54, '55, '56.
2
Eden, Rev. Robert. Churchman's Theolog. Dict.,
2d ed., Lon., 1846, 12mo.
"The design of this work is to give plain and simple explana-
tions of the Theological and Ecclesiastical terms which are used in
describing and discussing religious Ordinances, Doctrines, and In-
stitutions, without entering into the controversies which havə
arisen respecting their object and import."
Puller's Moderation of the Church of England. A new
1843, 8vo.
ed.. thoroughly revised, with an Introductory Preface, &c.,
“The reader of it will be surprised and delighted at the disco-
veries which it makes to him of the wisdom of our Church.”—Eli-
tor's Proface.
"A calm and argumentative statement of the views of the Church,
as conclusively set forth in her Liturgy, Articles, and Homilies.
Eng. Quar. Review.
We earnestly recommend it both to the clergy and laity.”—Ch. of
Eden, Hon. Robert Henley, afterwards Lord
Henley. 1. Reports of Cases in H. C. of Chancery, 1757-
66; from the MSS. of Lord Chancellor Northington, Lon.,
1818, 2 vols. r. Svo; 2d ed.. with addits., 1827, 2 vols. in 1,
Sro; Phila., 1839. Lord Northington's decisions were first
pub. by Ambler, (Cases, 1737-83) the publication of Mr.
Eden, however, a descendant of his lordship, (formerly
Lord Keeper Henley,) are much to be preferred. Ambler's
errors and imperfections are to some extent rectified and
remedied. Cox's Reports (the editor of Peere Williams)
contain some decisions of Lord Northington and also of
Lord Hardwicke.
SA
The authority of Lord Northington is very great, and it arose
from the uncommon vigour and clearness of his understanding."
See 1 Kent's Com.; Wallace's Reporters, 82: 21 Amer.
Jurist, 241; 12 Leg. Obs., 524; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 288.
2. A Treatise on the Law of Injunctions, Lon., 1821. Svo.
1st Amer. ed., with Notes and References to Amer. Deci-
sions, N. York, 1822, 8vo; Albany, 1839. 3d Amer. ed., by
Thos. W. Waterman, N. York, 1852, 2 vols. 8vo. A new
English edit. is now (1858) in preparation. 3. A Practical
Treatise on the Bankrupt Law, as amended by the New Act
of the 6th Geo. IV., c. 16; 2d ed., Lon., 1826, Svo; Phila.,
1841, 8vo. 4. A Digest of the Bankrupt Law, with an Ap-
pendix of Precedents, &c., 3d ed., Lon., 1832, r. Svo. A
new ed. is now (1858) in preparation.
Eden, Wm. See AUCKLAND, LORD.
Edens, J. Account of a Journey from Port Oratavia
to the top of the Peak of Teneriffe, Phil. Trans., 1714.
Edes. Serms., 1604, Svo.
Edgar, John. Decisions of the Lords of Sessions
from Jan., 1724, to Aug., 1725, Edin., 1726, fol.
Edgar, Sir John, i. e. Sir Richard Steele.
Edgar, John, D.D. Female Virtue, Lon., 1841, 8vo.
541
EDG
EDG
Edgar, Samuel. The Variations of Popery, Dubl., | traits, that he determined to try his own skill in drawing
1832, 8vo; 2d ed., Lon., 1838. Svo.
Scotch character, though despairing of equalling his model:
"It furnishes many a strange commentary on infallibility, unity, "If I could but bit Miss Edgeworth's wonderful power of vivi-
uninterrupted succession, universality, aud so forth."-Lon. Pres.fying all her persons, and making them live as beings in your mind,
Rev., 1837.
I should not be afraid.' Often has the Author of Waverley used
such language to me; and 1 knew that I gratified him most when
I could say 'Positively this is equal to Miss Edgeworth.' You
will thus judge, madam, how deeply he must feel such praise as
you have bestowed upon his efforts."
you have bestowed upon his efforts."-James Ballantyne to Maria
Edgeworth, respecting her commendation of Waverley. 11th Nov. 1814.
See Lockhart's Life of Scott.
The object of this work with respect to Popery is the
same as Bossuet's in relation to Protestantism.
Edgar, Wm. Vectigalium Systema; or British Cus-
toms, Lon., 1714, Svo. Statutes, &c. rel. to Revenues of
Ireland, 1720, Svo.
|
Edgarton, Miss Sarah C. See MAYO.
Edge, Wm. John. Appeal to the readers of "Ancient
Christianity," Lon., 1840, Svo.
Edgecumbe,James,D.D. Human Reason, 1736,8vo.
Edgecumbe, Lord Mountmorres. See MOUNT-
MORRES.
Edgeworth, C. Sneyd. Memoirs of the Abbé Edge-
worth, Lon., 1815, 8vo.
Edgeworth, Maria, 1767-1849, was the daughter of
Richard Lovell Edgeworth, of Edgeworth's-town, in the
county of Longford, Ireland; a gentleman distinguished
not only for literary taste and mechanical ingenuity, but
also as the successful wooer of four ladies, who in turn ac-
cepted his hand. Maria, a daughter of the first marriage,
was born in Oxfordshire, and resided in England until
1782, when her father succeeded to the family estate, and
removed to Ireland. Mr. Edgeworth took a lively interest
in the cause of education, and was pleased to find in Maria
an able literary coadjutor. In 1798 appeared a Treatise on
Practical Education, a joint production. Miss Edgeworth
pub. in 1810, Early Lessons, in ten parts, and her father
added a continuation in 1315, 2 vols. 12mo. Another joint
Another joint
work, which attained great popularity, An Essay on Irish
Bulls, made its appearance in 1802. Mr. Edgeworth is
supposed to have had a share in several other compositions
pub. by Maria. Castle Rackrent, issued in 1801, was the
first of a series of novels which proved the possession of
powers of a diversified character-descriptive, philosophi-
cal, pathetic, and humorous-seldom combined in one in-
dividual. Nor is this the highest praise which is to be ac-
corded to Miss Edgeworth. In Belinda, Leonora, The
Modern Griselda, Moral Tales, Popular Tales, the Tales of
Fashionable Life, Patronage, Harrington, Ormond, Helen,
&c., we are made to feel that our amusement is not the
only, nor the principal, object of the writer who so charms
us.
It will be our own fault if mental and moral improve-
ment-a dosire to gain knowledge, to be good, and to do
good-are not promoted by the pen of Maria Edgeworth.
But in her anxiety to teach profitable lessons to those who
had already assumed the responsibilities of life, Miss Edge-
worth did not permit herself to forget the objects of her
early care, to whose instruction she had devoted the first
fruits of her clear and practical intellect. In 1822 she pub.
Rosamond, a Sequel to Early Lessons; which was followed
by Harry and Lucy, and The Parent's Assistant. She com-
pleted in 1820 a Memoir of her father, (commenced by him,)
who died in 1817. We give the contents of the collective
We give the contents of the collective
edition of Miss Edgeworth's Novels and Tales, pub. in 18
vols. 12mo, Lon., 1832:
Vol. I. Castle Rackrent; Essay on Irish Bulls; Essay
on Self-Justification. II. Forester; The Prussian Vase;
The Good Aunt. III. Angelina; The Good French Go-
verness; Mademoiselle Panache; The Knapsack. IV. Lame
Jervas; The Will: The Limerick Gloves; Out of Debt,
Out of Danger; The Lottery; Rosanna. V. Murad the
Unlucky; The Manufacturers; The Contrast; The Grate-
ful Negro; To-morrow. VI. Ennui; The Dun. VII. Ma-
noeuvring; Almeria. VIII. Vivian. IX. The Absentee.
X. The Absentee, (concluded;) Madame de Fleury; Emilie
de Coulanges; The Modern Griselda. XI., XII. Belinda.
XIII. Leonora; Letters. XIV., XV. Patronage. XVI. Co-
mic Dramas. XVII. Harrington; Thoughts on Bores.
XVIII. Ormond. Tales and Novels, N. Y., 1833–34, 10 vols.
In 1834 Miss Edgeworth gave to the world Helen, the
last, and one of the most popular, of her novels; and-true
to her early predilection for the instruction of youth-closed
her useful labours by the juvenile story of Orlandino. A
new collective edition of her Tales and Miscellaneous Pieces
was pub. in 1848, Lon., 9 vols. 12mo. Of several of her
works there have been numerous editions. In America, as
well as at home, her works have been widely circulated,
and are highly valued. We could occupy many pages, if
permitted by our limits, with commendations by the highest
authorities of Miss Edgeworth's compositions. A few brief
extracts must suffice:
Sir Walter Scott was so delighted with "the rich humour,
pathetic tenderness, and admirable tact" of her Irish por-
We need hardly remind the render of the memorable
visit paid by Maria and two of her sisters to Abbotsford in
1823:
"Never,” says Mr. Lockhart, "did I see a brighter day at Abbots.
ford than that on which Miss Edgeworth first arrived there; never
can I forget her look and accent when she was received by him at
his archway, and exclaimed, 'Every thing about you is exactly what
one ought to have had wit enough to dream."-Ubi supra.
A review by Sir Walter of Miss Edgeworth's Patronage,
will be found in the Edinburgh Review, xxii. 416:
**
"The taste and gallantry of the age," remarks the distinguished
critic, may have at last pretty generally sanctioned the ardent
admiration with which we greeted the first steps of this distin-
guished lady in her literary career; but the calmer spirits of the
South can hardly yet comprehend the exhilarating effect which her
reappearance uniformly produces upon the saturnine complexion of
their Northern Reviewers."
"Her extraordinary merit, both as a novelist and a woman of
genius, consists in her having selected a class of virtues far more
difficult to treat as the subject of fiction than others, and which
had therefore been left by former writers to her."-Sir James Mack-
intosh.
"As a writer of tales and novels, she has a very marked pecu-
liarity. It is that of venturing to dispense common sense to her
readers, and to bring them within the precincts of real life and
natural feeling. She presents them with no incredible adventures
or inconceivable sentiments, no hyperbolical representations of
uncommon character or monstrous exhibitions of exaggerated
passion. Without excluding love from her pages, she knows how
to assign to it its just limits. She neither degrades the sentiment
from its true dignity, nor lifts it to a burlesque elevation. It takes
its proper place among the passions. Her heroes and heroines, if
such they may be called, are never miraculously good, nor detest-
ably wicked. They are such men and women as we see and con-
verse with every day of our lives; with the same proportional mix-
ture in them of what is right and what is wrong, of what is great
and what is little."-LORD DUDLEY: Lon. Quur. Rev.. ii. 146, 1810.
“The writings of Miss Edgeworth exbibit so singular an union
of sober sense and inexhaustible invention-so minute a know-
ledge of all that distinguishes manners, or touches on happiness
in every condition of human fortune-and so just an estimate both
of the real sources of enjoyment, and of the illusions by which they
are so often obstructed.-that it cannot be thought wonderful that
we should separate her from the ordinary manufacturer of novels,
and speak of her Tales as works of more serious importance than
much of the true history and solemn philosophy that comes daily
under our inspection. . . . It is impossible, we think, to read ten
pages in any of her writings, without feeling, not only that the
whole, but that every part of them, was intended to do good."-
LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Kev., xx. 100, 1812; xxviii. 391, 1817.
"Some one has described the novels of Miss Edgeworth as a sort
of essence of common sense; and the definition is not inappropri
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
ate."-SIR WALTER SCOTT.
►
"She is the author of works never to be forgotten; of works
which can never lose their standard vaiue as English classics,'
and deserve that honourable name infinitely more than half the
dull and licentious trash bound up in our libraries under that
title.... Her novels always found an eager reception, at a time
when the poetry of Scott, of Campbell. and of Crabbe, was issuing
in its freshness from the press, when the Edinburgh and Quarterly
Reviews, then splendid novelties, were to be duly read and studied,
when Madame de Stael was at her zenith, and, in a word, when
the competition of the noblest wits was only less keen than at the
present day."-EDWARD EVERETT: N. Amer. Rev., xvii. 388, 1823.
is given in Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall's work, entitled Ireland;
A very interesting account of a visit to Maria Edgeworth
and reviews of her works will be found in the Edin. Rev.,
vols. viii., xiv., xx., xxii., xxviii., and xxxiv.; Lon. Quar.
Rev., vols. ii., vii.. xvii., and li.; Lon. Monthly Rev., vols.
lxxxviii. and eix; N. Amer. Rev.,vols. vi., xvii., and xxxix.;
and other prominent periodicals. See also Allan Cunning-
ham's Biog. and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the last Fifty
Years.
Edgeworth, Richard Lovell, 1744-1817, a native
of Bath, father of Maria Edgeworth, has already come
under our notice in the preceding article. The reader will
find a particular account of this gentleman in his Memoirs,
(completed by his daughter Maria,) pub. in 1820, 2 vols.
Svo. He pub. a number of works in addition to those al-
ready noticed as the joint productions of himself and
daughter. A Letter on the Telegraph, and on the Defence
of Ireland, Lon., 1796, Svo. Poetry explained for the use
of Young People, 1802, Svo. Essays on Professional Edu-
An Essay on the Construction of Roads
cation, 1809, 4to.
and Carriages, 1810, '13, Svo.
"The directions for making roads are very sensible and enlight-
ened, and put forth the practised modes of the present day."—
Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
542
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|
great
Continuation of Maria Edgeworth's Early Lessons, 1815,
8vo. Contributions on Natural Philosophy, Natural His-
tory, Mechanics, &c., to Phil. Trans., 1783, '84; Archæol.,
1785; Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., 1788, '97; Nic. Jour., 1806,
'09, '10, '11; Phil. Mag., 1815, '16. Mr. Edgeworth re-
peatedly obtained prizes from the Society of Arts for his
mechanical contrivances. He was the principal literary
adviser of his celebrated daughter, and she derived
advantages from his intelligent co-operation. We have
noticed his Letter on the Telegraph, pub. in 1796. An
Essay of his, on The Art of Conveying Secret and Swift
Intelligence, will be found in Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., 1797.
Edgeworth, or Edgworth, Roger, d. about 1560,
a zealous R. Catholic divine, was made Chancellor of Wells
in 1554. He held several important ecclesiastical posts.
Sermons very Fruitefull and Learned preached and sette
foorth, Lon., 1557, 4to and Svo. Two of his tracts, on the
Sacraments, and Bishops and Priests, will be found in the
Appendix to Bishop Burnet's History of the Reformation;
and copious extracts from his sermons are inserted by Dr.
Dibdin in his Library Companion.
"Ilis Discourses are not only worth possessing, from being very
uncommon, but from containing much curious and interesting in-
telligence: delivered. upon the whole, with considerable caution,
but with the decisive tone of Catholic zeal.”—Ubi supra.
name.
Edgeworth, Theodore, supposed to be an assumed
The Shipwreck; or, Memoirs of an Irish Officer
and his Family, 1811, 3 vols. 12mo.
Edgley, Samuel. Serm., Oxf., 1724, 4to.
Edguardus, Dav. De Indiciis et Praecognitionibus.
Eivsdem in Anatomicen Introductio, Lon., 1532, Svo.
Edgworth, Robert. Case of, &c., fol.
Edie, George. English Shooting, Lon., 1772, 8vo.
Edington, Robert. Penitentiary for the Employment
of Convicts, 1803, 4to; 1816. Coal Trade, 1813, Svo.
Edkins, Joshua. Collec. of Poems, 1801, 8vo.
Edlin, A. Two Cases of Gout, Uxb., 1804, 12mo.
Bread-Making, Lon., 1805, 12mo. Malignant Sore Throat.
Edlyn, Richard. Astrological Judgment, &c., Lon.,
1658, '68, Svo. Prænuncius Sydereus, 1664, 4to.
Edmead, Wm. Commuting the Tythes, Lon., 1816, Svo.
Edmer. See EADMER.
Edmeston, James. Sacred Lyrics, Lon., 1821, 22,
3 vols. 12mo.
“We must make room for one more extract, which will amply
justify Mr. Edmeston's claim to true poetic feeling."-Eclectic Re-
view, June, 1821.
Hymns, 1844. Sonnets, 1845. Closet Hymns and Poems,
1846, '53. Sacred Poetry, 1848.
Edmond, Mrs. Amanda M., formerly Miss Corey,
is a native of Brookline, Massachusetts. She has pub.
The Broken Vow and other Poems, chiefly written between
the ages of 14 and 18; and The Forget-Me-Not: a gift for
Sabbath-School Children.
Edmondes, Edmonds, or Edmunds, Sir Cle-
ment, 1566–1622, Remembrancer of the City of London,
a son of Sir Thomas Edmondes, filled several posts at court.
Observ. on the 1st 5 Books of Cæsar's Commentaries, Lon.,
1600, fol.; on the 6th and 7th Books, 1600, fol.; on Cæsar's
Comment. on the Civil Wars, 1609. fol. All or most of them
are reprinted with an 8th Comment. by Hirtius Pansa, 1677,
fol. Cæsar's Comment. in English, 1655, '95, fol. Observ.
on the Landing of Forces, &c., 1758, Svo. Of Sir Clement
Edmondes, we are told that
"His dextrous pen made him most worthily esteemed in his own
vocation; and in the art military, by Cæsar's confession, an un-
derstanding soldier. He lived faithfully industrious in his place,
and died religiously constant in the belief of the resurrection,” &e.
—Epitaph on his monument.
Edmondes,Sir Thomas, 1563-1639, a distinguished
English statesman. See a number of his Letters and ab-
stracts from others in Dr. Birch's Hist. View of the Nego-
tiations between the Courts of England, France, and Brus-
sels, 1592-1617, in Birch's Memoirs of Queen Elizabeth,
and in Lodge's Illustrations of British History.
Edmonds, Charles. See CANNING, George.
Edmonds, Cyrus R. 1. Life and Times of General
George Washington, Lon., 1835, 2 vols. 18mo; 1839, 2 vols.
1Smo. 2. Introduc. to Leland's View of Deistical Writers,
Lon., 1837, Svo.
Edmonds, John. Wisdom of Providence, Lon., 1761,
Svo.
Edmonds, Judge John W., and George T. Dex-
ter, M.D. Spiritualism; with an Appendix by Nathaniel
P. Tallmadge, New York, 1853-55, 2 vols. Svo.
Edmonds, T. 4th Commandment, &c., 1801.
Edmondson, Christopher. Serm., 1664, 12mo.
Edmondson, Henry, 1607-1659, Fellow of Queen's
Coll., Oxf. Lingua Linguarum, Lon., 1655, Svo. Homo-
nyma et Synonyma Linguæ Latinæ conjuncta et distincta,
1661.
Edmondson, J. Prodigies, Lon., 1710, fol.
Edmonson, Jonathan, Wesleyan minister.
tian Ministry, Lon., 1828, 12mo.
Chris-
“A very valuable and judicious manual, more especially adapted
to the use of junior preachers among the Wesleyan Methodists."
Revealed Religion, 1839, 12mo. Short Serms., 6th ed.,
1845, 2 vols. 12ino. Heavenly World, 3d ed., 1850, 18mo.
Self-Government, 4th ed., 1852, 12mo. J. D. and R. Treffry;
Serms. on the Holy Ghost, 12mo.
Edmondson, or Edmonson, Joseph, d. 1786, ori-
ginally a barber, was in 1764 appointed Mowbray-Herald
Extraordinary. 1. Hist. Account of the Greville Family,
Lon., 1766, 8vo. 2. Companion to the Peerage of Great
Britain and Ireland, 1776, 8vo. 3. A Complete Body of
Heraldry, 1780, 2 vols. fol. In the first of these vols. Ed-
mondson had the valuable assistance of Sir Joseph Ayloffe,
Bart. The 2d vol. consists of an Alphabet of Arms, which
4. Barona-
contains upwards of 50,000 coats, crests, &c.
gium Genealogicum; or, Pedigree of English Peers, 1764–
84, 6 vols. fol. In this work, also, Sir Joseph Ayloffe ren-
dered assistance. Marquis of Townshend, 1064, £18 18ø.
Large paper, Duke of York, 1988, £26 158. 6d. There is a
copy in the British Museum, with MS. notes and additions
by F. Hargrave. When possible, there should stand next
to this work on the shelf the Five Reports from the Lords
Committee touching the Dignity of a Peer of the Realm,
and the 5th Appendix, "Patents of Creations, and Instru-
&c., edit. 1829, 5 vols. fol.; containing the copious Indexes
ments affording evidence of Creation." 5. Tables of Pre-
cedency, (1764,) 18mo, pp. 14, all engraved. 6. The Pre-
sent Peerages, 1785, Svo, pp. 428, with 86 plates.
Edmons, Thomas. To Free-Masons, Lon., 1766,Svo.
Edmonstone, Sir Arch., Bart. 1. Journey to two of
the Oases of Upper Egypt, Lon., 1822, Svo. A valuable
had never before been visited by a European. 2. Christian
work to the antiquary. The most remote of these oases
Gentleman's Daily Walk, 3d ed., 1850, 12mo. 3. Progress
for Sundays and Holidays, 1853, 18mo.
of Religion; a Poem, 1842, 12mo. Meditations in Verse
Svo; Treatise on ditto, Edin., 1806, Svo. View of the An-
Edmonstone,Arthur, M.D. Ophthalmia, Lon., 1802,
cient and Present State of the Zetland Islands, 1809, 2
vols. 8vo.
6.
Dr. E. is a native of these islands, and has long resided there:
perhaps, if these favourable circumstances had been aided by a
sounder judgment, a better taste, and more knowledge, this work
would have been improved. As it is, it may advantageously be
consulted for what relates to the civil, political, and natural bis-
tory, agriculture, fisheries, and commerce, antiquities, manners,
&c., of these islands."-Sevenson's Voyages and Travels.
··
Upon the whole, the book is bad; and though it does state
some facts that ought to be generally known. bears evident marks
not only of haste and carelessness, but of absolute and utter igno-
rance of the object it affects to discuss."-Edin. Review.
Edmonstone, Wm. Prevention of an Evil Injurious
to Health, Lon., 1782, Svo. The Reviewers Corrected.
1785, Svo.
Edmund, St., Archbishop of Canterbury, d. 1242, a
native of Abingdon, Berkshire, was educated at the Uni-
versity of Paris and University Coll., Oxf. He is said to
have been the first who taught logic at Oxford. He was
consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury in 1234; went into
voluntary exile, and died at Soissy. He left many writ-
ings; see Speculum Ecclesiæ: Bibl. Max. Patr., xxv. 316:
regis, auctore anonymo: Martene et Durand Collectio, vi.
Liber Miraculorum B. Eadmundi Orientalium Anglorum
$21.
Edmund de Hadenham, Monk of Rochester. An-
nales Ecclesiæ Roffensis, 804 ad 1307. See Wharton's
Anglia Saera, i. 327.
Edmunds, John. Village Serms., 1st series, Lon.,
1851; 2d series, 1853, 12mo.
•
They are plain. scriptural, and practical.”—Lơn. Chris. Times.
Edmunds, Richard. Solicitor's Guide. Pleas in
Exchequer, Lʊn., 1794, Svo.
Edmundson, Wm. A Journal of his Life. Travels,
Sufferings, and Labour of Love in the work of the Minis-
try. Lon., 1774, Svo.
Edridge, Mrs. Rebecca. The Lapse of Time; a
Poem, 1802, 4to. The Highest Castle and Lowest Cave;
a Norel, 3 vols. 12mo. The Serinium; a Collection of Tales,
2 vols. 12mo.
We would sum up our whole review of the Serinium by say
ing that it is, except the Sketch-Book, [by Washington Irving,] the
best miscellaneous prose-work of its kind which has come under
our notice.”—Lon. Literary Register, July 6, 1822.
Edward VI., King of England, 1538-1553, son
of Henry VIII. and Jane Seymour, succeeded to the throne
543
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EDW
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in 1547, at the age of ten years: Injuncions geven by Kynge
Edward ye Sixte, 1574, 4to. Conference with the Lord-
Admiral. Proceedings in Council. Arguments against the
Pope's Supremacy, 1682. Holland declares that the king
composed a "most elegant comedy," entitled The Whore
of Babylon. His Diary, a Journal, was pub. by Burnet.
Edward, Bowyer, Lord Bishop of Ely. Serm.,
1810. Ditto, 1810. A Charge, 1813.
Edward, J., LL.D. Report of Decisions H. Ct. of
Admiralty rel. to Vessels under Brit. Licenses, 1812.
con.
Edwardes, Herbert Benjamin, Major in the
E. I. Co.'s Service, b. 1820, at Frodesley, Shropshire, has
distinguished himself in India, and is now commissioner
at Peshawur. An account of some of the most important
events of his life will be found in his work entitled A Year
on the Punjaub Frontier in 1848-49, Lon., 1851, 2 vols. 8vo.
Edwards. Otha and Rutha; a Dram. Tale, 1781, 12mo.
Edwards, Archdeacon, of St. Mary's Church, Brc-
Serm., Lon., 1801, 4to.
Edwards, Edward. Memoirs of Libraries, together
with a Practical Hand-Book of Library Economy, 2 vols.
r. Svo; 50 copies on large paper, imp. Svo. This valuable
work, on which Mr. Edwards has been employed for some
years, is now (1858) being prepared for publication. To
Mr. Edwards we are also indebted for the Account of Ame-
rican Libraries in N. Trübner's Bibliographical Guide to
American Literature, 1858, Svo, and for the article "News-
papers" in Encye. Brit., vol. xvi., 8th ed., 1858.
|
Edwards, Frederic. Laws of Gaming, Horse Rac-
ing, and Wages, Lon., 1839, 12mo.
Edwards, G. C. Powers and Duties of Justices of
the Peace and Town Officers in the State of New York, 4th
ed. by D. McMaster, Ithaca, 1840, Svo.
|
Edwards, George, 1694-1773, an eminent naturalist,
travelled in Holland, Norway, and France, in pursuit of
bis favourite study. Natural History of Birds, and of
some other rare and undescribed Animals, Quadrupeds,
Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, &c., Lon., 1743, '47, '50, '51, 4
vols. 4to. It contains figures and descriptions of 216 birds,
and 40 beasts and reptiles. Gleanings of Natural History,
1758, '60, '63; 50 copper-plates, exhibiting 70 birds, &c.
Considered as a continuation of the preceding work. The
7 vols. are generally sold together. A new edit. of the 7
vols. was pub. 1802-06, with 362 coloured plates, r. 4to,
£30; large paper, folio, £50.
£30; large paper, folio, £50. Essays upon Natural His-
tory, &c., 1770, Svo. See Memoirs of Edwards's Life and
Works, 1776, 4to. Some papers of Mr. E.'s on natural
history will be found in Phil. Trans., 1754, '55, '57, '60,
'63, '65, '71. Edwards revised a new edit. of Catesby's
Nat. Hist. of Carolina, &c. See CATESBY, MARK.
"Edwards's works are assuredly the most valuable on general
ornithology that have ever appeared in England. No zoological
library should be without them."-SWAINSON.
Edwards, George. Elements of Fossilogy, Lon.,
1776, Svo. His Adventures, 1751, 12mo.
Edwards, Bela B., late Professor at Andover, was
well known as the author of a Biography of Self-Taught
Men, Eclectic Reader, co-editor of Bibliotheca Sacra, con-
tributor to Ancient Literature and Art, &c. A collection of
A collection of
his writings, with a Memoir by his late colleague, Professor
Park, was pub. in 1853, Boston, 2 vols. 12mo.
Edwards, Bryan, M.P., 1743–1800, a native of West-
bury, Wiltshire, resided for some years in the West Indies.
He pub. several treatises on W. India questions, but his
principal work is The History, Civil and Ecclesiastical, of
the British Colonies in the West Indies, Lon., 1793, 2 vols.
4to; 2d ed., 1794, 2 vols. 4to; vol. iii., with plates, 1801,
4to. This last vol., which consists chiefly of Tracts, for-
merly pub. in a separate form, was edited by Sir William
Young. It also includes Edwards's History of St. Domingo,
(first pub. in 1791, 4to,) and a Memoir of his early life,
written by himself, 5th ed., 1819, 5 vols. Svo, and one 4to
vol. of plates; vols. iv. and v. now first pub., considered
inferior to their predecessors. An abridgment of the first
three vols. was pub. in 1794, Lon.,2 vols. 8vo,and in 1799,8vo.
"The History of the West Indies is well entitled to the popu-
larity it has long enjoyed. The subject is varied and interesting;
and though written in rather an ambitious style, with a strong
bias in favour of the old colonial system, and a disposition to ex-
tenuate the cruelties that were too often inflicted on the slaves, it
is a most valuable addition to our historical library. But the con-
tinuation, we are sorry to say, is quite unworthy of the original
work and of the subject; and we do not know that any better ser-
vice could be done to colonial and commercial literature than to
publish an edition of Edwards's work that should complete the
history and continue it to the present time."-McCulloch's Lit. of
Polit. Economy.
"This work justly bears an excellent character, and is very full
and minute on almost every topic connected with these islands."-
Stevensom's Voyages and Travels.
In 1795, Mr. Wm. Preston, of Dublin, addressed a Letter
to Bryan Edwards, Esq., containing observ. on some pas-
sages of his Hist. of the West Indies. Mr. P. attacks Ed-
wards as an apologist for slavery.
Of the History of St. Domingo, already noticed, a 2d ed.
was pub. separately in 1797, 4to. This work is commended
"For the highly-important facts and observations which it con-
tains, for the ability displayed in their arrangement, and for the
strongly expressive, correct, and often beautiful language in which
they are conveyed to the reader's understanding."-Lon. Monthly
Review.
Mr. Edwards pub. in 1798-not intended for sale-Pro-
ceedings of the Association for promoting the Discovery
of the interior parts of Africa, &c., 4to. A vol. of his
Poems also was privately printed.
Edwards, Carolus. Hanes y Ffydd et Hebraismo-
rum Cambro-Britannicorum Specimen., Oxon., 1671, Svo;
1675, 4to.
Edwards, Charles, b. 1797, in England, counsellor-
at-law in the city of New York. The Juryman's Guide for
the State of New York, N. York, 1831, Svo. Parties to
Bills and other Pleadings Chancery, Albany, 1822, 8vo.
Feathers from my own Wings; Poems and Tales, N. York,
1833, 12mo. Receivers in Chancery; 1839, Svo; 1846.
Reports of Chancery Cases, 1st Circuit, St. of New York,
1831-45, 4 vols. 8vo. History and Poetry of Finger Rings,
1855, 12mo. A curious and interesting volume.
Edwards, D. Serms., &c., Lon., 1770, '76.
Edwards, E. Twenty-one Serms., Lon., 1838, 12mo.
Edwards, E., of the British Museum. Fine Arts in
England, their State and Prospects considered relatively
to National Education, Lon., 1840, 8vo.
Edwards, Edward, M.D. Analysis of Chirvrgery,
Lon., 1636, 4to. The Cvre of all sorts of Fevers, 1638, 4to.
The Whole Art of Chirvrgery, 1639, 4to.
Edwards, Edward. Serm., 1759, 8vo.
Edwards, Edward. Zenophontis, &c., Lon., 1785.
Serm., 1794, 4to. Brown Willis's Survey of St. Asaph,
enlarged and brought down to the present time; with the
Life of the Author, Appendices, &c., 1801, '02, 2 vols. Svo.
Edwards, Edward, 1738–1806, teacher of perspec-
tive in the Royal Academy. Treatise of Perspective, Lon.,
1803. 4to; 1806, 4to. Anecdotes of Painters who have re-
sided or been born in England, 1808, 4to. Intended as a
continuation of Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting. Some
copies are on large paper, r. 4to.
Edwards, George, M.D. Perfection of G. Britain,
Lon., 1787, 2 vols. 4to; Regeneration of do., 1790, 2 vols.
4to. Diseases of the Human Body, 1791, 4to. Dr. Ed-
wards wrote other works on politics, political economy, &c.
Edwards, Henry. A Collection of Remarkable Cha-
rities and Old English Customs, Lon., 1842, p. 8vo.
Edwards, Henry, D.D., LL.D. Piety and Intellect
relatively estimated, Lon., 1843; 4th ed., 1852, 12mo.
Illustrations of the Wisdom and Benevolence of the
Deity, 1845, sq.
"A little excursion in the track of Paley and the broad road of
the Bridgewater Treatises."-Lon. Lit. Gazette.
Marriage; a Poem in Four Cantos. 3d ed., 1843, fp. 8vo.
"This poem will be greatly admired by the ladies."-Tail's Edin.
Mug.
Dr. Edwards has pub. several other theolog. and poetical
works.
Edwards, James. Tabula Distantiæ, Dorking, 1789,
4to. Companion from London to Brighthelmston, Lon.,
1801, 4to.
Edwards, John, D.D., 1637-1716, a Calvinist divine,
a native of Hertford, Fellow of St. John's Coll., Camb.;
minister of Trinity Church, Camb., 1664; preferred to St.
Peter's Church, Colchester, about 1676; removed to Cam-
bridge, 1697. He was a son of Thomas Edwards, author
of Gangræna, &c. He pub. many serms. and theolog.
works, some of which we notice: An Inquiry into four
remarkable Texts of the N. Test, Lon., 1692, Svo; a farther
Inquiry, 1692, Svo. Authority, Style, and Perfection of
the Books of the Old and New Test., 1693-96, 3 vols. Svo.
Excercitationes, Critical, Philosophical, Historical, and
Theological, 1702, 8vo.
Much acuteness. learning, and piety in these writings, [the
three last-named works.]”—Bickersteth's Christian Student.
The Preacher; three parts, 1705, '06, '09.
"Some useful remarks, though with severity, on several writers.
and a rejoinder."-Bickersteth's Christian Student.
He was answered by Robert Lightfoot, which led to a vindication
Veritas Redux; or, Evangelical Truths Restored, 1707,
8vo.
Takes the opposite views to Whitby."-Bickersteth's C. S.
Theologia Reformata, or the Substance and Body of the
Christian Religion, 1713, 2 vols. fol. Vol. iii. (very rare)
514
EDW
[ub. after his death, in 1726, fol. Another ed., 1733–43,
3 vols. fol.
"Edwards's Theologia Reformata will be no contemptible trea-
sure for you on all occasions.”—Mother's Student.
He wrote several pieces against Locke's Reasonableness
of Christianity. Pathologia (in his Remains, 1713, 8vo.)
Edwards here takes the same view as Daillie. See other
publications of this excellent author in Watt's Bibl. Brit.
He did not hesitate to criticize the opinions of Whiston,
Locke, Whitby, and Samuel Clarke.
"It is impossible to peruse any of the writings of Edwards with-
out being pleased with the earnestness with which the writer de-
voted himself to the interpretation of the Scriptures. He was a :
man of piety and considerable learning, and by no means destitute
of acuteness. A very great number of difficult passages are ex-
amined in the above works, [The Inquiry, Style, and Perfection of
the (). and N. Test. and Excercitations. | and he must be no ordinary
holar who does not find instruction in them."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"That he was a man of extensive learning cannot be denied;
and in the materials from which we have drawn up this article, he
le said to have been the Paul, the Augustine, the Brawardine, the
Calvin of his age."- DR. KIPPIS: Biog. Brit., q. v.
Edwards was a voluminous writer of a controversial spirit, who
pointed out and endeavoured to check the departure from reforma-
tion principles in his time, but not in the spirit that would comi-
mend his sentiments.”—– Bickersteth's C'. S.
•
Edwards, John. British Herbal, Lon., 1770, fol.;
1775. With 100 col'd plates of flowers which blow in the
open air of G. Britain, with descriptions and manner of
cultivation.
Edwards, John.
Edwards, John.
1784, 8vo.
Serms., Lon., 1773, Sro.
Goose Grass for Scurvy, Lon.,
Edwards, John. The Patriot Soldier; a Poem, 1784,
4to. Kathleen, 1808, 4to. Abradates and Panthea; a Tra-
gedy, 1808, 8vo. Interests of Ireland, 1815.
Edwards, John. Serms., &c., Lon., 1791-1806.
Edwards, Jonathan, D.D., 1629-1712, a native of
Wrexham, Denbighshire, entered Christ Church, Oxford,
1655; Fellow of Jesus Coll.. 1662; Rector of Kiddington, Ox-
fordshire, which (in 1681) he exchanged for Hinton, Hamp-
shire; Principal of Jesus Coll., 1686. Remarks upon Dr.
Sherlock's Examination of the Oxford Decree, &c., Oxf.,
1695, 4to; anon. A Preservative against Socinianism, in 4
parts; with an Index by Mr.T.Hearne, Oxf.,1698-1703, 4to.
"Valuable and satisfactory."-Bickersteth's Chris. Student.
On the 2d Article, 1702. A Vindication of the Doctrine
of Original Sin, Oxf., 1711, Svo. This is against Dr. Daniel
Whitby.
EDW
{
Mr. Edwards now removed to Stockbridge, Massachu
setts, where he preached to the Indians and a few white
hearers. During his residence at this station, he devoted
his leisure hours to writing his principal works. It was
here that he completed his design of preparing a treatise
on the subject of Free Will:
Whilst zealously employed in his efforts for the spiritual
improvement of his charge, Mr. Edwards was pained to
find that some young men of the congregation had im-
ported a number of improper books, and were engaged in
circulating them, to the great injury of good morals. De-
termined to arrest the evil, he spared not in his reproofs a
number of the members of the most influential families,
who were known to be offenders. This praiseworthy zeal
elicited much dislike, which was increased by his insisting
on holiness of life in all who approached the table of our
Lord. After several meetings of the members of his con-
gregation, it was finally put to vote whether he should con-
tinue to act as their pastor: it is melancholy to be obliged
to state that this good man was eje ted by a majority of 180.
35
¦
"It was not till the month of July, 1752, that he appears to
have resumed his studies on the subject of free will; for the 7th
of that month be writes Dr. Erskine that he hoped soon to be at
leisure to resume his design, and gives him another sketch of the
plan of his book, in which, though there be nothing new, there is
inore than in that which he had formerly sent him. Whatever
opinion may be held with regard to Mr. Edwards's argument. it
must appear astonishing to those who are capable of appreciating
the difficulty of his subject, that, in nine months from the date of
this letter. on the 14th of April, 1753. he could write Dr. Erskine
that he had almost finished the first draught of what he originally
intended, though he was under the necessity of delaying the pub-
lication till he knew the result of proposals which he had circulated
for printing his book by subscription. This book was published
in 1754; and, though he had made some progress in preparing his
materials before he left Northampton, was certainly written, and
nearly completed, within the time ascertained by the two letters
referred to, and must be admitted to convey a very striking idea
both of his mental resources and of his literary ardour."-SIR HENRY
MONCRIEFF: Wellwood's Life of Dr. Erskine.
Edwards, Jonathan, 1703-1758, an eminent meta-
physician and divine, was born on the 5th of October, at
Windsor, in the province of Connecticut. His ancestors,
who were English, emigrated to America in the reign of
Queen Elizabeth. His father, Rev. Timothy Edwards, was
pastor of a church in Windsor for sixty years. In 1716
Jonathan became a student of. Yale College, where he re-
ceived the degree of B.A. in his seventeenth year. He
evinced at an early age that love for metaphysical studies
which was the principal characteristic of his very remark-
able intellect. When only thirteen, he read Locke On
the Human Understanding, with a keener delight than a
"miser feels when gathering up handfuls of silver and gold
from some newly-discovered treasure." In 1722 he was
licensed to preach, and exercised his ministry for eight
months in the city of New York; his congregation being
composed of English Presbyterians. Returning home in
the spring of 1723, be devoted himself to his studies. In
the ensuing spring he took his Master's degree, and whilst
at New Haven was appointed tutor in Yale College. The
duties of this post he performed with great success and
reputation. In September, 1726, he accepted an invitation
to become the colleague of his mother's father, Mr. Stod-
dard, in a church at Northampton. He was installed in
That great master-mind. Jonathan Edwards, whose close-
February, 1727, and continued the discharge of his minis-sighted observation, clear judgment, and unbending faithfulness,
terial duties in this post for twenty-four years. In July of
this year he was married to Miss Sarah Pierrepont.
were of the very highest order."-DR. J. PYE SMITH.
ton.
In 1757, on the death of his son-in-law, the Rev. Aaron
Burr, (father of Aaron Burr, afterwards Vice-President
of the United States,) Mr. Edwards was chosen his suc-
cessor as President of the College of New Jersey, at Prince-
This unexpected call found him deeply engaged in
projecting several extensive theological works, among
which were, A History of the Work of Redemption, and a
Harmony of the Old and New Testaments. Guided by the
counsel of several judicious friends, he accepted the prof-
fered office, and removed to Princeton in January, 1758.
On the 16th of the next month he assumed the duties of
the presidency, from which he was removed by death on
the 22d of March ensuing. His death was caused by an
attack of the small-pox, then prevailing in the town.
Edwards had been inoculated about a month before his
decease.
Mr.
His Treatise on Original Sin, in answer to Dr. Taylor,
of Norwich, was finished in the year before his death. It
is said that even Taylor acknowledged that he was defeated.
The excellent Treatise on the Religious Affections, pub.
1746, has been highly commended as one of the best ever
penned upon this most important theme. In addition to
these works, Mr. Edwards published Sermons, 1731, '34,
'38, 41, ‍44, '46, '52. A Narrative of the Work of God in
the Conversion of many hundred souls in Northampton, in
1736. Thoughts on the Revival of Religion, 1742. An
Attempt to Promote Agreement in Prayer for the Revival
of Religion, 1746. Life of D. Brainerd, 1746. An In-
quiry into the Qualifications for full Communion in the
Church, 1749. A Reply to S. Williams's Answer to the In-
quiry, 1752. After his death, there were published from
his MSS. 18 Sermons (with his life) by Dr. Hopkins, 1765;
The History of Redemption, 1774; On the Nature of True
Virtue, 1788; God's Last End in the Creation; 33 Ser
mons; 20 Sermons, 1789; Miscellaneous Observations,
1793; Miscellaneous Remarks, 1796.
Mr. Edwards's principal work, A Careful and Strict In-
quiry into the modern prevailing notion that Freedom of
Will is supposed to be essential to Moral Agency, is un-
doubtedly the great bulwark of Calvinistic theology. As an
intellectual production, it proves its author to have been
one of the greatest metaphysicians that the world has ever
seen. We have many testimonies to support this assertion:
..
I consider Jonathan Edwards the greatest of the sous of men
He ranks with the brightest luminaries of the Christian church,
not excluding any country, or any age, since the apostolic."-Ro
BERT HALL.
•
Dr. Erskine very happily groups together the characte-
ristics of our author:
**
Jonathan Edwards was remarkable for the penetration and
extent of his understanding, for his powers of criticism and accu-
rate distinction, quickness of thought, solidity of judgment, and
force of reasoning... He very early discovered a genius above the
ordinary size, which gradually ripened and expanded by daily
exertion and application. By nature he was formed for a logician
and a metaphysician; but, by speculation, observation, and con-
verse, greatly improved. He had a good insight into the whole
circle of liberal arts and sciences; possessed a very valuable stock
of classical learning, philosophy, mathematics, history, and chro
nology."
Dr. Erskine, an excellent judge of men and books, in-
troduced several of our author's writings to the British
public, and declared that he did not think our age had
produced a divine of equal judgment or genius."
•
5:15
EDW
EDW
"Jonathan Edwards is a writer of great originality and piety,
and with extraordinary mental powers. He in fact commenced a
new and higher school in divinity, to which many subsequent
writers, Erskine, Fuller, Newton, Scott, Kyland, the Milners,
Dwight, and indeed the great body of evangelical authors who
have since lived, have been indebted."-REV. E. BICKERSTETH.
Dugald Stewart, after noticing Collins's controversy with
Clarke, remarks that
It is remarkable how completely Collins has anticipated Dr.
Jonathan Edwards, the most celebrated, and indisputably the
ablest, champion of the scheme of Necessity who has since ap-
peared."
The reader will hardly expect us to voluntarily engulf
ourselves in this whirlpool of metaphysics, wherein the
wits of many great, many wise, many valiant men have
been so completely wrecked. Baron de Grimm, indeed,
cut the Gordian knot without ceremony, but we doubt if
his noble auditor, the Duke of Saxe Gotha, received much
either of instruction or edification from the baron's decla-
mation; and certain we are that it would require more
than Diderot's letter to reconcile us to Diderot's philosophy.
Sir James Mackintosh, who whilst at college had de-
bated with his friend Robert Hall "almost every import-
ant position in Edwards on the Will," thus speaks of him
in later years:
**
This remarkable man, the metaphysician of America, was
formed among the Calvinists of New England, when their' stern
doctrine retained its vigorous authority. His power of subtile
argument, perhaps unmatched, certainly unsurpassed among
men, was joined, as in some of the ancient Mystics, with a charac-
ter which raised his piety to fervour. He embraced their doctrine,
probably without knowing it to be theirs. True religion,' says
he, in a great measure, consists in holy affections.' ... Ilis ethical
theory is contained in his Dissertation on the Nature of True Vir-
tue; and in another, On God's chief End in the Creation. . . . As
far as Edwards confines himself to created beings, and while his
theory is perfectly intelligible, it coincides with that of universal
benevolence, hereafter to be considered." See 2d Prelim. Dissert.
to Encyc. Brit.
The other young philosopher-the college friend of Sir
James, who rose to as great distinction in another sphere-
that most eloquent orator, Robert Hall, always retained
his reverence for Edwards. His acquaintance with his
His acquaintance with his
writings commenced at even an carlier period than those
happy days when the two friends debated so keenly, yet
amicably, amidst the picturesque scenery of the banks of
the Don. Dr. Gregory assures us that when Robert Hall
was as yet a mere child, "The works of Jonathan Edwards
were among his favourites; and it is an ascertained fact,
that before he was nine years of age, he had perused and
reperused, with intense interest, the treatises of that pro-
found and extraordinary thinker on the 'Affections' and
on the 'Will.' His regard never diminished; he for full
sixty years read Jonathan Edwards's writings with undi-
minished pleasure."
It is hardly necessary perhaps to observe that in quoting
these testimonies to the intellectual greatness of Edwards,
the theological system of which he was so able an exposi-
tor is not at all intended to be brought under consideration.
"The Treatise on the Will is to a true philosophy of human na-
ture as the demonstrations of Leibnitz are to modern mechanical
science."-ISAAC TAYLOR.
"To theological students bis works are almost indispensable.
In all the branches of theology, didactic, polemical, casuistic, ex-
perimental, and practical. he had few equals, and perhaps no supe-
rior. The number and variety of his works show the intenseness
of his industry and the uncominon strength of his intellectual
powers. The Inquiry into the Will is a masterly work, which, as
a specimen of exact analysis, of profound or perfect abstraction,
of conclusive logic, and of calm discussion, will long support its
high reputation, and will continue to be used as a classic material
in the business of intellectual education."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
Of this work the London Quarterly Review remarks:
"It is commonly referred to by modern Calvinists as containing
both their sentiments and the confirmation of them. In it the
metaphysical reasonings in favour of the predestination tenets,
produced in such abundance during the century succeeding the
Reformation, have been digested and brought within reasonable
compass."
The Introductory Essay by Isaac Taylor to the edition
pub. in London, 1831, has been highly commended: "It
established the author's claims to rank among the most
accomplished metaphysical writers of the present day.
His main object is to analyze and separate, as by a chemi-
cal test, the different elements of Edwards's arguments,
and to place in its true light, or to refer to its proper de-
partment of science, the Inquiry concerning human agency,
free will, liberty, and necessity."
"The Inquiry into the Will is a most profound and acute disqui-
sition. The English Calvinists have produced nothing to be put
in competition with it. . . . That extraordinary man, who in a
netaphysical age or country would certainly have been deemed
as much the boast of America as his great countryman, Franklin.”
--SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH.
The Discourses on Justification Mr. Bickersteth considers
among the best on that all-important doctrine.
The History of the Work of Redemption, which is a mere out
line of what the author intended, (see ante,) exbibits a “method
entirely new. Though a posthumous publication, it discovers the
same originality and accuracy of thought with the other works of
the author.”—DR. WILLIAMS.
"It shows the author's intimate acquaintance with the plan of
heaven, and how well he could illustrate its progressive develop
ment.”—ORME.
...
From this last-named writer, a very eminent authority,
we quote some further comments on our great author:
"Jonathan Edwards, as a philosopher, as well as a divine, had
few equals, and no superior, among his contemporaries. His works
will live as long as powerful reasoning, genuine religion, and the
science of the human mind, continue to be objects of respect..
The Treatise on Religious Affections discovers his profound ac-
quaintance with the nature of genuine religion, and with all the
deceitful workings of the human heart. The Inquiry into the Free-
dom of the Human Will displays the talent of the author as a
metaphysician, and his accurate knowledge of the Arminian and
Calvinistic controversy. His Defence of the Christian Doctrine of
ject by Dr. John Taylor of Norwich, discovers the same high quali
Original Sin, designed partly as an answer to a work on that sub-
ties which belong to his former works, with a greater portion of
excellent critical interpretation of the Scripture. His style, it is
to be regretted, repels many from the examination of his writings;
but a little perseverance and attention will render it familiar to a
diligent student, and the effect of his close and convincing reason-
ing will prove eminently beneficial to the understanding."-Bi-
bliotheca Biblica.
"A profound searcher into the genuine sources of truth, well
versed in the Holy Scriptures, a close and minute reasoner, a
strenuous defender of holiness and the rights of God; plain and
perspicuous in his method. unadorned but prolix in his language.
On the whole, a most excellent writer, both practical and contro-
versiai."-Dr. Williams's Christian Preacher.
Dr. Jamieson refers to the respect accorded to Edwards's
powerful work by both parties of theologians:
“As a theological writer, he occupies the foremost rank amongst
metaphysical divines. His work on the Freedom of the Will, is
universally acknowledged to be one of the greatest efforts of hu-
man intellect; and while he is regarded by the Calvinists as the
greatest champion of the philosophical necessity on which their
system is built, the Arminians also look to him as an authority,
whose principles and reasoning they are forced to treat with respect.
The other works of Mr. Edwards-On Original Sin, On the Affections,
The History of Redemption-bear the same stamp of high intel-
lectual power, and all enjoy an extensive reputation."
For a comparison between Bishop Butler and Jonathan
Edwards, see BUTLER, JOSEPH, in this volume. A highly-
respected authority thus advises:
Coming on to modern theological writers, I recommend you to
familiarize yourselves with the works of the acute, the philosophi-
cal, the profound, the pious Jonathan Edwards, and those of An-
drew Fuller. I know nothing like the latter for a beautiful com-
bination of doctrinal, practical, and experimental religion.”.
Counsels to Students of Theology on leaving College, by Jolin Angell
James.
We notice the following editions of Edwards's works:
1. Edit. pub. at Worcester, Mass., 1809, 8 vols. 8vo. (Sce
No. 7.) 2. Edited by Dr. Williams, of Rotherham, Lon.,
1817, 8 vols. r. 8vo, and vols. ix. and x., Edin., 1847, r. 8vo,
£7 88. 3. By Edward Hickman, Lon., 1834, 2 vols. imp.
Svo; 1839, 428. 4. An edit. by Dr. Austin, 1809, 8 vols.
5. An edit. by Dr. Sereno Edward Dwight, 1830, 10 vols.
Svo. 6. An edit. pub. in New York in 4 vols. r. 8vo, 1844.
Svo, in 1846. The two supplementary vols. contain The
To this edit. Mr. Robert Ogle, of London, added 2 vols. r.
Notes on the Bible, Miscellaneous Observations, Types of
the Messiah, and 17 Occasional Sermons. 7. A reprint
of the Worcester edit. was pub. in N. York in 1855, 4 vols.
8vo. In 1852 (N. York, 18mo) a series of 16 Lectures on
Charity and its Fruits was pub. from President Edwards's
MSS., edited by the author's great-grandson, the Rev.
Tryon Edwards, D.D., of New London, Connecticut. We
are pleased to announce that this gentleman, the trustee of
Edwards's MSS., is now (1858) engaged upon a new ed. of
the works of his distinguished ancestor, to be issued in Edin-
burgh and the United States simultaneously. We venture
to express the hope that the editor will not hesitate to make
this edition as complete as the business prospects of the un-
dertaking will at all justify. Few of the admirers of Pre-
sident Edwards have any conception of the vast store of
his writings by which the world has never yet had an oppor-
tunity to be profited. Dr. Tryon Edwards tells us,
*
-
These manuscripts are very numerous. The seventeenth cen-
tury was an age of voluminous authorship. The works of Bishop
Hall amount to ten volumes octavo; Lightfoot's, to thirteen; Jerë-
eight; while Baxter's would extend to some sixty volumes, or
my Taylor's, to fifteen; Dr. Goodwin's, to twenty: Owen's, to twenty-
from thirty to forty thousand closely-printed octavo pages. The
manuscripts of Edwards, if all published, would be more volumi-
nous than the works of any of these writers, if possibly the last
be excepted. And these manuscripts have been carefully preserved
and kept together; and about three years since were committed to
the editor of this work, as sole permanent trustee. by all the then
surviving grand-children of their author."-Prefuce to Charity and
its Pruits.
After this statement, we shall hardly excuse Dr. Edwards
546
EDW
EDW
if he fail to add considerably to the contents of the previous
editions of the works of his great ancestor. In addition
to the notices contained in the works already referred
to, the reader must peruse the biography of this distin-
guished divine in Middleton's Evangel. Biog., and the
Life, by Samuel Miller, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 1st series,
viii. 1.
Edwards, Jonathan, D.D., 1745-1801, son of the
preceding, graduated at the College of New Jersey, 1765;
licensed to preach, 1766; tutor at Princeton College, 1767-
69; pastor of the church of White Haven at New Haven,
1769-95; pastor of the church at Colebrook, in Litchfield
county, 1796; President of Union Coll., Schenectady, N.
York, 1799-1801. Dr. Edwards pub. a number of serms.
and theological treatises, for a list of which see Allen's
Amer. Biog. Dict., and a collective edit. of his works edited
by his grandson, Dr. Tryon Edwards. He was a contri-
butor (signatures I and 0) to the N. York Theolog. Maga-
zine, and edited from his father's MSS. The History of the
Work of Redemption, two vols. of Sermons, and two vols.
of Observations on important theolog. subjects. Many in-
teresting particulars respecting the second President Ed-
wards-not to be met with elsewhere-will be found in the
Memoir pub. by Dr. Tryon Edwards.
-
"There were several remarkable coincidences in the lives of Dr. ¦
Edwards and his father. Both were tutors in the seminaries in
which they were educated: were dismissed on account of their re-
ligious opinions; were settled again in retired situations; were
elected to the presidentship of a college; and, in a short time after
they were inaugurated, died at nearly the same age. They were
also remarkably similar in person and character.”
Edwards, Joseph. Serms., 1731, '36, '43, '50.
Edwards, Rev. Joseph, second Master of King's
College, London, has pub. a number of useful educational
and theolog. works. Some of the former were written in
conjunction with W. Cross of Queen's Coll., Cambridge.
Edwards, Mrs. M. C. Grammar, 1796, Svo.
Edwards, Morgan, 1722-1795, a Baptist minister, a
native of Wales, came to America in 1761, and became pas-
tor of a church in Philadelphia. He pub. several serms.
and theolog. treatises, and Materials towards a History of
Baptists of Penn. and N. Jersey, 1792, 2 vols. 12mo.
Edwards, P. H. The Imperial Conspirator Over-
thrown; a serio-burlesque performance, 180S, Svo.
Edwards, Peter. Candid Reasons for renouncing
the principles of Antipædobaptism, Lon., 1793, Svo; 4th
ed., Edin., 1841, 12mo; Phila., 1841.
“Confining his attention in this essay to a few principal topics,
he has produced an argument of unusual power and conclusive-
ness. It cannot be overcome, and all attempts hitherto employed
to set it aside have been feeble."
Baptism; being an address to Baptists and Pædobaptists,
1805, 12mo.
Edwards, Richard, 1523-1566? an early dramatic
writer, educated at Corpus Christi Coll., and Christ Church,
Oxf., is best known as the designer and principal contri-
butor to The Paradyse of Daynty Deuises, and as the author
of Damon and Pythias, certainly one of the first English
dramas upon a classical subject. This tragedy-pub. Lon.,
1570, '71, 'S2, 4to-was acted before Queen Elizabeth in
1566. Her majesty also witnessed the performance of
Edwards's Comedy of Palemon and Arcyte in Christ Ch.
Hall, 1566. Wood gives an amusing acount of the per-
formance, and tells us that the cry of the hounds in the
hunting of Theseus was so well imitated, that some of the
young scholars
"Were so much taken and surpriz'd (supposing it had been real)
that they cried out, There, there he's caught, he's caught. All
which the queen merrily beholding, said. O excellent! those boys
in very truth are ready to leap out of the windows to follow the
hounds." See Athen. Oxon., Bliss's ed., i. 353.
Besides the edits. we have noticed of The excellent
[Tragical] Comedic of two of the moste faithfullest Freendes
Damon and Pithias, there is another, sine anno. The ma-
drigals and other poetical pieces of Edwards were very
popular. His "May" and "I may not," the lines on the
maxim of Terence, Amantium iræ amoris redintegratio est,
and the stanzas "In Commendation of Musick," (see the
first stanza in Romeo and Juliet,) are compositions of rare
excellence. We would fain linger on this theme, but our
limits forbid. Respecting this once-popular poet, and the
Paradyse of Daynty Deuises, (first pub. in 1576, and re-
pub. in The British Bibliographer,) the reader will find
copious notices in Puttenham's Arte of Eng. Poet.; Bliss's
Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Wood's Annals; Sir E. Brydges's
edit. of Phillips's Theatrum Poetarum; Brit. Bibliog.,
vol. iii.; Hawkins's Hist. of Music; Ellis's Specimens
Eng. Poet.; Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poet.; Biog. Dramat.;
Collier's Hist. of Dram: Poet.; and Drake's Shaksp. and
his Times.
in speaking of Edwards, I would be understood to have partly in
"If I should he thought to have been disproportionately prolix
tended a tribute of respect to the memory of a poet who is one of
the earliest of our dramatic writers after the reformation of the
British stage. ... Edwards, besides that he was a writer of regular
dramas, appears to have been a contriver of masques, and a com-
poser of poetry for pageants. In a word. he united all those arts
and accomplishments which minister to popular pleasantry: he
was the first fiddler, the most fashionable sonneteer, the readiest
rhymer, and the most facetious mimic of the court."-Warton's
Hist. of Eng. Potry.
Edwards, Richard. River Neen, &c., Lon.,1749.8vo.
Edwards, Richard. Letter to J. Hanbury, Esq.,
Lon., 1772, 4to. Letter to Bp. S. Barrington, 1773, 4to.
Edwards, Richard. 3 books on Eng. Prosody, &c.,
1813.
Edwards, Roger. Psalmes and Prayers, Lon., 1570,
16mo.
Edwards, Sampson. Lett. to Woodward, Lon., 870.
Edwards, Sydenham. Cynographia Britannica,
Lon., 1800, 4to. 61 Plates, representing about 150 Rare
Plants, Lon., 109, 4to. Botanical Register, 14 vols. r. 8vo,
£2 98. each. New series, edited by Dr. Lindley, with 750
col'd plates, 1838-47, 10 vols. r. Svo, £22. 1st Series wat
pub. in 13 vols. r. Svo; each £2 108.: 2d Series, 10 vols. r.
Svo; each £2 108.: 3d Series, 10 vols. r. Svo; each £2 48.
Edwards, T. W. C. Educational works, 1818, 8vo.
Edwards, Tenison. Orders H. Ct. of Chancery,
1815-45, Lon., 1845, 12mo; Addenda, 1845-48, 1848, 12mo.
Edwards, Thomas, d. 1647, educated at Trinity
Coll., Camb., became a clergyman of the Church of Eng-
land, which he renounced for Presbyterianism. He was a
bitter opponent of the Independents, and pub. against
them, in addition to other pieces, Gangræna; or a Disco-
very of many of the Errors, Heresies, Blasphemies, and
pernicious practices of the Sectaries of the time, vented
and acted in England in these four last years, 3 parts, Lon.,
1646, 4to.
1
"Edwards's Gangræna gives a horrible picture of the state of the
sects in that time. He was a rigid Presbyterian, and very bitter
against those who differed from that system. His statements can-
not therefore be trusted.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
1
This attack was too much for the patience of the Inde-
he died in Holland. This he could not complain of, as
pendents. They drove their opponent from England, and
work entitled The Casting Down of the last and strongest
he was himself a violent enemy to toleration, and wrote a
hold of Satan; or, A Treatise against Toleration, 1647, 4to.
See an account of Edwards and his writings in Wood's Fasti.
Edwards, Thomas. Serm., 1660, Sro.
Edwards, Thomas. Review of Crispinianism Un-
masked, Lon., 1693, 4to. Gospel Truth, &c., 1693, 4to.
Baxterianism Barefaced, 1699, 4to.
Edwards, Thomas. Praying in the Spirit; against
Extemp. Prayer. Lon., 1703, Svo.
Prayer. Lon., 1703, Svo. Diocesan Episcopacy
proved from Holy Scripture, 1705, Svo.
i
Edwards, Thomas, 1699?-1757, a critic of consi-
derable ability, was a member of Lincoln's Inn, and called
to the bar, but never practised. He was devoted to the
study of Shakspeare, and was so indignant at the pompous
ignorance and arrogance displayed by Warburton in his
edition of the immortal bard, that he indited an epistle
to him, entitled A Letter to the author of a late Epistolary
Dedication, addressed to Mr. Warburton. This was fol-
lowed in 1747 by a Supplement to Mr. Warburton's edition
of Shakspeare. It pleased the public; and in 1748 a 3d edit.
was pub. under the title of The Canons of Criticism, and a
Glossary, being a Supplement to Mr. Warburton's edition
of Shakspeare; collected from the notes in that celebrated
work, and proper to be bound up with it.
¡
Again pub..
1750, Svo. Best (7th) edit., 1765, Svo, which contains the
Trial of the Letter Y alias Y in order to settle the ortho-
graphy of our Language, and Sonnets. Also, Remarks on
Shakspeare by Mr. Roderick.
The Canons of Criticism was a fair hit at Warburton;
for he remarked in his preface, that he had once designed
giving the reader a body of canons for literary criticism,
and a glossary, but that he had not carried out this idea,
as these uses might be well supplied by what he had occa-
sionally remarked in his notes on Shakspeare.
Edwards thought this too good a chance to be lost. He
therefore drew up a set of the most absurd pretended ca-
nons from Warburton's notes, and gave instances in sup-
port of them from the same authority. This enraged the
amiable prelate not a little, and in his notes to the Dunciad
he takes advantage of Pope's two lines-
"Her children first of more distinguished sort,
Who study Shakspeare at the inns of court"-
to add a comment most abusive of the satirist. But Ed-
wards had altogether the best of the battle. Warton ap-
547
EDW
EGE
Froved of his canons highly, and they were applauded by
Dr. Johnson, but the latter, who was a great admirer of
Warburton, took care to add—
Sir, a fly may sting and tease a horse, and yet the horse is the
nobler animal.”
In 1761 was pub. a tract of our author's, entitled Free
and Candid Thoughts on the Doctrine of Predestination.
It contains nothing new. See Biog. Brit.; Nichols's Lit.
Anecdotes; Richardson's Corresp.
Edwards, Thomas, 1729-1785, entered at, (1747,)
and Fellow of, Clare Hall, Camb.: Rector of John the
Baptist, Coventry, 1758; Vicar of Nuneaton, Warwickshire,
1770. He was a strenuous Arminian. New English trans.
of the Psalms, from the original Hebrew, reduced to metre
by the late Bishop Hare, with Notes and Illustrations, Lon.,
1755, Svo. Prolegomena in Libros Veteris Testamenti
Poeticos, &c., Cantab., 1762, Svo.
"These works contain a defence and illustration of Bishop Hare's
principles of Hebrew metre, which have had few advocates since the
publication of Lowth's Lectures on the Hebrew Poetry, and his
Isaiah. The translation of the Psalms affords occasional assistance
for understanding them, and contains various emendations of the
Hebrew text. suggested by the metre. The Latin Prolegomena,
which defend Hare and attack Lowth, are sometimes ingenious,
but seldom satisfactory. Dr. Edwards was evidently a man of
learning and talents."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
The Doctrine of Irresistible Grace proved to have no
foundation in the writings of the New Testament, 1759, Svo.
"I mention this work, not on account of its theology, which is
incorrect, but of its criticism, which is sometimes valuable; as it
goes over a great number of passages in the New Testament criti-
caily, and some of them in new and
lights."
-ORME, ubi supra.
"A very accurate and learned performance, which does great
honour to my ingenious friend, the worthy author."-DR. HARWOOD.
Dr. Edwards pub. several other learned works.
Edwards, Thomas, LL.D. The Jewish and Heathen
Rejection of the Christian Miracles, 1790, 4to. Other works.
Edwards, Thomas. Con. to Mem. Med., 1792.
Edwards, Thomas. Reports II. Ct. of Admiralty
on Vessels sailing under British Licenses, Lon., 1812, Svo.
Reports H. Ct. of Admiralty, 1808-1812, Lon., 1812, 8vo.
N. York, 1813, '51, Svo.
Edwards, Timothy, d. 1758, aged SS, father of the
first President Edwards, was a son of Richard Edwards, a
native of Hartford, Connecticut. Timothy graduated at
Harvard Coll. in 1691, was ordained in 1694, and was the
first minister of East Windsor, Conn. He pub. an Election
Sermon in 1732. It appears, from R. Wolcott's dedication
of his poems to him in 1723, that Mr. Edwards had some
pretensions as a poet.
Edwards, Timothy. A Paraphrase, with Critical
Annotations, on the Epistles of St. Paul to the Romans and
Galatians, Lon., 1752.
6:
A judicious compilation from the best previous commentaries
on the two epistles.”—Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
Edwards, Tryon, D.D., b. in Hartford, Connecticut,
1809, great-grandson of the first and grandson of the second
President Edwards, graduated at Yale Coll., and studied
theology at Princeton, New Jersey. Author of Child's
Commandment and Promise; Self-Cultivation; four tracts
pub. by the Amer. Tract Soc.; several serms. in the Na-
tional Preacher; and a number of occasional serms. or dis-
Memoir of Dr. Bellamy, pub. with his Complete
Works. Memoir of President Edwards the Younger, pub.
with his Complete Works. Christianity a Philosophy of
Principles, &c. Address at Williams College. Editor of
Works of the younger President Edwards; Charity and its
Fruits, from the MSS. of the elder President Edwards; the
Family Christian Almanac, (for several years.)
courses.
Dr. Edwards also designed and edited Select Poetry for
Children and Youth; Jewels for the Household; Anecdotes
for the Family; The Commandment Illustrated; The
World's Laconics, (under the assumed name of Everard
Berkeley.)
Contributor to The Christian Spectator; New Englander;
Biblical Repository; Biblical Repertory; and other period
icals. We have already announced the fact that Mr. Ed-
wards is now (1858) engaged in preparing a new edition
of the works of his distinguished ancestor, the elder Pre-
sident Edwards. See EDWARDS, JONATHAN.
Edwards, Capt. Wm. Ordinance of the Lords and
Commons, &c., 1644, 4to.
Edwards, Wm. H. A Voyage up the Amazon, Lon.,
1848, p. 8vo.
"Valuable for the information it gives on this very little known
part of the world."-Lon. Ecmomist.
"This book is full of novelty."-Lon. Athenæum.
Edwin, Archbishop of York. 22 Serms., Lon.,
1585, 4to. Serms., 1616, 4to.
Edwin, John, 1749-1794, a celebrated English come-
dian. Eccentricities arranged and digested by Anthory
Pasquin, Lon., 2 vols. Svo.
Edy, J., M.D. Ruptures, &c., Lon., 1801, Svo.
Edy, John Wm. Scenes in Norway, Lon., 1812, fol
Edye, John. Lett. to Wilberforce on the Importation
of Foreign Corn. 1815, Svo.
Edzard, J. E. Serm., Lon., 1696, 4to.
Eedes, John. Justification by Faith, Lon., 1654, 4to.
Eedes, Richard, D.D. 6 Serms., Lon., 1604, Svo.
Eedes, Richard. Serm., Lou., 1660, 4to.
Eelbeck, Henry. Epinicion Anglicanum, &c., Svo.
Ecles, Henry. Philos. Essays, or Thunder, Vapour,
&c., Lon.. 1772, Svo. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1751.
Eff, Wm. Praise of the Gout, 1617, 4to.
Egan, Anthony. Book of Rates now used in the Sin
Custom-house of the Church and Court of Rome, Lon.,
1674, 4to; 1678, 4to. Other publications. See Wood's
Fasti for account of this Franciscan.
Egan, Charles. Assessed Taxes, Lon., 1840, 12mo.
Law rel. to Building Societies, 1847, 8vo. Observ. on the
New French Law of Patents, 4to.
Egan, Robert. Exchanger, Dubl., 1781, 4to.
Egan, Thomas, M.D. Profes. con. to Trans. Roy.
Irish Acad., 1806.
Egbert, Ecbert, or Ecgbert, Archbishop of
York, b. about 678, d. 766, was the brother of Eadbert,
King of Northumberland. In 732 be succeeded the younger
Wilfrid in the See of York. 1. Dialogus de Ecclesiastica
Institutione, Dubl., 1664, 4to; Paris, 1666, Svo. By War-
ton in 1693; et v. Bibl. Parr. Gallandii, xiii. 266. 2. Con-·
stitutiones Ecclesiasticæ. Egbert composed the Confes-
Sionale and Pœnitentiale, which were afterwards the stand-
ard authorities of the Anglo-Saxon Church; and some
other works are ascribed to him. See Wright's Biog. Brit.,
and the authorities there quoted.
Egelshem, Wells. Eng. Grammar, Lon., 1781, 12mo.
Egerton. Theatrical Remembrancer, Lon., 1788, 12mo.
A continuation, said to be incorrect, was pub. by Barker
in 1801.
Egerton, Charles. Hist. of Eng. in Verse, Lon., 1780.
Egerton, D. T. Views in Mexico, 12 pictures, Lon.,
1839, 40, atlas fol. A beautiful set of plates.
Egerton, Lady Frances, Countess of Ellesmere,
accompanied her husband in the journey which he has so
graphically described in his Mediterranean Sketches. Her
ladyship also pub. a record of her impressions under the
title of Journal of a Tour in the Holy Land, Svo.
"The genuine pilgrim's heart we find in Lady F. Egerton's un-
pretending journal more than in any other modern expedition to
by Miss Rigby, in the Lon. Quar. Review, Ixxvi. 98-137.
the Holy Land we know." See an article entitled Lady Travellers,
Egerton, Francis, Earl of Ellesmere, K.G..1800-
1857, second son of the Duke of Sutherland, added the lustre
of letters to the heraldic honours of bis house. His trans.
of Goethe's Faust, of Schiller's and Korner's Poems, his
researches in Northern Archæology, and Sketches of East-
ern Travel, are too well known and appreciated to require
an extended notice in this place. 1. Camp of Wallenstein
Hernani; Tragedies, Svo. 3. Trans. from the German, Svo.
and other Poems, Lon., 12mo. 2. Catherine of Cleves, and
4. Boyle Farm, 12mo. 5. Mediterranean Sketches, 1843,
p. Svo.
6. The two Sieges of Vienna by the Turks, 1847,
p. Svo.
"Of the manner in which the Earl of Ellesmere has discharged
the various duties of translator. editor, and author, we can speak
in terms of high praise. . . . The work is a valuable contribution
to the history of an important period.”—Lon. Athen.
7. Guide to Northern Archæology, 1848, 8vo. S. The
Military Events in Italy, 1848, 49: trans. from the Ger
man, p. Svo. 1850. Commended by Lon. M. Chronicle.
9. Life and Character of the Duke of Wellington, 1852,
12mo. 10. Hist. of the Two Tartar Conquerors of China;
from the French; with an Introduc. by R. II. Major. Hak.
Soc., 1854, 8vo. 11. The Pilgrimage, and other Poems,
1856, 4to. See Two Funeral Serms. at the Funeral of the
Earl of Ellesmere, by Rev. S. V. Beechey, 1857, 8vo.
Egerton, Francis Henry. See BRIDGEWATER,
EARL OF.
Egerton, Henry, a descendant of Lord Chancellor
Ellesmere, Bishop of Hereford. Serm., 1727, 4to; 1729,
4to; 1761, 4to; 1763, 4to.
Oriel Coll., Oxf., collated to the living of Ross, Hertford-
Egerton, John, son of the preceding, educated at
shire, 1743; Bishop of Bangor, 1756; of Lichfield and
Coventry, 1768; of Durham, 1771. Serm., Lon., 1757, 4to;
1761, 4to; 1763, 4to; 1768, 4to.
Egerton, Stephen. Lecture, Lon., 1589, 8vo. Cate-
chizing, 1594, 1630, Svo. Subjection to God and the King,
1616, 8vo.
518
EGE
ELI
Egerton, Stephen. Boring of the Eare, Lon., 1623,
|
12ino.
Egerton, Thomas, Baron of Ellesmere, Viscount
Brackley, b. about 1540, d. 1617, educated at Brasenose
Coll., Oxf., was constituted Lord High Chancellor by James
I. in 1603. Speech in the Excbequer Chamber, Lon., 1609,
4to. Observ. on Lord Coke's Reports, fol. A Treatise on
Chancery, (1641, 4to,) and one on The Chancellorship,
(1651, 8vo,) are ascribed to him, but, it is thought, erro-
neously. He left many MSS. on legal and political sub-
ject. See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors. We have
already noticed a biography of this eminent statesman,
pub. by the DUKE OF BRIDGEWATER, q. v.
"But surely all Christendom afforded not a person which carried
more gravity in his countenance and behaviour than Sir Thomas
Egerton, insomuch that many have gone to the Chancery on pur-
pose only to see his venerable garb. (happy they who had no other
business!) and were highly pleased at so acceptable a spectacle.
Yet was his outward case nothing in comparison of his inward
abilities, quick wit, solid judgment, ready utterance."-Fuller's
Worthies of Cheshire.
Egerton, Wm. Life of Mrs. A. Oldfield, Lon., 1731,
Svo.
Eglesfield, Fr. Monarchy revived in the most illus-
trious Chas. the Second, Lon., 1661, 1822, 8vo, 14 portraits.
Eglesfield, James. Serm., Lon., 1640.
Egleton, John. H. of Commons, Lon., 1714, Svo.
Eglisham, Eglisemmius, or, as abbreviated, Egli-
sem, George, M.D., a Scotchman, "Doctor of Physick,
and one of the physicians to King James [II.] of happy
memory, for his Majestie's person, above ten years' space,
has already claimed our notice in the article on GEORGE
BUCHANAN. Hypocrisis Apologetica Orationis Vorstianæ,
Delph., 1612, 4to. Duellum Poeticum, &c., Georg. Bu-
chanano, Lon., 1618, '19, 8vo. Prodromus Vindictæ in
Ducem Buckinghamiæ, 1626, 4to. The Forerunner of
Revenge, 1642, 4to. Declaration concerning poisoning K.
James of happy memory, 1648, 4to.
Egmont, Earls of. See Perceval.
Egremont, John. The Mildew, Lon., 1806, Svo.
Egremont, John. Law of Highways, &c., Lon., 1830,
2 vols. 12mo.
""
Egwin, a native of the district of the Hwiccas, d. about
718, was made Bishop of Worcester on the death of Oftfor,
about 692. Bale attributes to him three works: a History
of the Foundation of Evesham, a Book of Visions, and a
Life of Aldhelm.
The latter, if it ever existed, is now lost. The other two are
without doubt the same as those from which his biographer [sup-
posed to be Berctwald, Archbishop of Canterbury] has given such
copious extracts: but it is difficult to say whether they still existed
at the time of Bale, and it is equally uncertain whether they were
separate books, or only parts of one work. . . . Egwin of Worcester
Egwin of Worcester
is remarkable as the first Englishman who wrote any thing like an
autobiography; but this was only an account of his pretended
visions."-Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., q. v.
67.
Ehret, G. D. Horticult. con. to Phil. Trans., 1763–
Hist., &c. of R. Warner's Jessamine, fol.
Eichelberger, Rev. S., Lutheran preacher, Winches-
ter, edited 2 vols. Sermons on National Blessings and Obli-
gations, 1830.
Eichorn, Charles. A Practical German Grammar,
N. York, 1849, 12mo.
"The arrangement is excellent. The illustrations are sufficiently
full and the rules comprehensive. It is the best practical grammar
of the German language."
Eisdell, J. S. Industry of Nations. Vol. i., Produc-
tion. Vol. ii., Distribution, &c., Lon., 1839, 2 vols. 8vo.
"The fruits of great diligence, extensive study, well-digested
arguments, and various practical conclusions, not the less valuable
in being as free from pedantry as they are from all bitterness, either
of spirit or partisanship.”—Erlectic Review.
Causes and Remedies of Poverty, 1852, p. Svo.
Ekins, Charles, Rear-Admiral. Naval Battles, 1744-
1814, Reviewed and Illustrated, 1824, 4to.
Ekins, Jeffrey, d. 1791, Dean of Carlisle. The Loves
of Medea and Jason, from Apollonius Rhodius, Lon.,
1771, 4to.
Eland, Wm. Tutor to Astrology, &c., Lon., 1694,
12mo. Tutor to Astrology, by G. Parker, 1704, 12mo.
Elborough, Robert. Fast Serm., 1660, 4to.
Elborough, Thomas. Discourses, 1663, Svo; 1673,
12mo.
Elder. Dumourier on Bonaparte, Lon., 1807.
Elder, John. Letter relative to Philip and Mary,
(1555,) 16mo.
|
Elder, William, M.D., b. 1809, at Somerset, Penua.,
a resident of Philadelphia. 1. Periscopics: a Volume of
Miscellanies, N. York, 1854, 12mo; new ed., with Addi-
tions, &c., entitled The Enchanted Beauty, N. York, 1855,
12mo. 2. Life of Dr. E. K. Kane, Phila., 1857, 8vo: see
KANE, E. K.
Elderfield, Chris., d. 1652, Rector of Burton, Sus-
sex. Civil Right of Tythes, Lon., 1650, 4to; 1654. Re-
generation, &c., 1653, 4to.
Elderton, Wm. A new merry newes, Lon., 1606, Svo.
A Ballad against Marriage, sine anno. Respecting Elder-
ton-"a ballad-maker by profession, and drunkard by
habit"-see Ritson's Bibl. Poet.; Herbert's Ames; War-
ton's Eng. Poet.; Evans's Old Ballads; Harleian Misc.,
vol. x.
·
Eldon, Dr. Abraham, a nom de plume. The Con-
tinental Traveller's Oracle; or, New Maxims for Locomc-
tion, 2 vols.
"He is an acute observer of human nature, and has seen very
much of society both at home and abroad."-Lon. Lil. Gaz.
Eldred, Wm. The Gunner's Glasse: set forth by
Way of Dialogue, Lon., 1646, 4to.
Eldridge, F. C. N.
Hist. of Norwich, Norw., (1735,)
8vo.
Ele, Martin. Making Pitch, Phil. Trans., 1697.
Elemy, Wm. The Sinner's Thundering Warning
Piece; an account of a great storm, Lon., 8vo.
Eley, E. S. Visits of Mercy, 1813, 12mo.
Elford, Walter. Complaint agst. Sir S. Crow, 1649,4to.
Elgan, T. The Fallen Farm-house, 1796.
Elgin, Thomas Bruce, Earl of, 1771-1840. Mem.
on the subject of his Pursuits in Greece, Edin., 1810, 4to;
Lon., 1811, Svo. For other publications on this subject,
see Lowndes's Bibl. Man. His lordship expended £74,000
in the purchase and removal of his vast collection of Gre-
cian antiquities. They were bought by government for
£35,000. So that the charge of" mercantile spirit" lavished
upon his lordship seems rather out of place.
Eliazar, Bar Isajah, a converted Jew. A Vindica-
tion of the Christian Messiah, Lon., 1653, 4to.
Elibank, Lord. Considerations on the Present State
of the Peerage of Scotland, Lon., 1771, Svo.
Elibank, Patrick, fifth Lord. Essays on the Public
See Dr. Wallace's Characteristics of the Present State of
Debt, or Paper Money, and on Frugality, Edin., 1753. Svo.
Great Britain, Lon., 1758, Svo.
Eliot, Andrew, D.D., 1719?-1778, a minister in Bos-
ton. Occasional Serms., 1742, '44, '50, '54, '59, '66, 71, 73.
Dudleian Lecture, 1771. 20 Serms., 1774, Svo.
Eliot, Archdeacon Edward. Discourses on Chris-
tian Responsibilities, Lon., 12mo. Lectures on Chris-
tianity and Slavery, preached at Barbadoes Cathedral,
1833, 12mo.
indeed be said to breathe the pure spirit of apostolical Christianity."
"Written in Archdeacon Eliot's most impressive style. It may
—Lon. Chris. Rememb.
Eliot, Francis Perceval. Armed Yeomanry, 1794,
Svo. Paper Currency, 1811, Svo. Financial Remarks,
1809, Svo.
Eliot, Jared, 1685–1736, a minister at Killingworth,
of the N. Amer. Indians."
Connecticut, was a grandson of John Eliot,
"The Apostle
of the N. Amer. Indians." He was skilled in agriculture
and physic. Agricult. Essays; several edits. Religion
supported by Reason and Revelation, 1735. Election Serm.,
1738. Serm. on the taking of Louisbourg, 1745.
Eliot, John. Ortho-Epia-Gallica: Eliot's Fruits for
the French, Lon., 1593, 4to.
Eliot, John. Poems, Lon., 1658, sm. Svo; anon. The
name of John Eliot appears at the end of a poem at p. 34
of the above volume.
"Composed by nobody knows whom, and are to be had everybody
knows where, and for somebody knows what."
Eliot, John, 1604-1690, a minister of Roxbury, Mass.,
usually called "The Apostle of the N. Amer. Indians," was
a native of Nasing, Essex, England, and emigrated to Bos-
ton, N. England, in 1631. He acquired the language of
the Indians, and engaged with great zeal in the work of
their conversion to Christianity, in which he was eminently
successful. In 1661 he pub. his trans. of the New Testa-
ment into the Indian tongue; 2d edit., 1680; and in 1663
appeared the trans. of the whole Bible in 4to, entitled Ma-
musse Wunneetupamatamwe Up-Biblum God naneeswe
Nukkone Testament kah wonk Wusku Testament. A 2d
Elborow, John. Serm., Lon., 1637, 4to.
Elbridge, T. R. Dearness of Corn,&c., Lon.,1772,4to.
Elchies, Lord. Decisions Ct. of Session, 1732-1754;
edited from the orig. MSS. by W. M. Morison, Edin., 1813,
2 vols. 4to. Annotations on Lord Stair's Institutions of
the Law of Scotland, 1824, 4to.
Elcock, Ephraim On a Plea for Nonscribers, edit. was pub. in 1685, 4to, revised by Mr. Cotton; both
1651, 4to.
were printed at Cambridge, N. England.
649
ELI
ELL
"This version has now become a literary curiosity, there being
scarcely any person living who can read or understand a single
verse in it."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
If this declaration offend the philological vanity of any
of our readers, we give them an opportunity of testing
their skill by asking a translation of the shortest verse
before us:
“Nummeetsuongash asekesukokish assmaünean yeuyeu ke-
sukod."
The longest word used in the Bible is in St. Mark i. 40—
Wutappesittukqussunnook wehtunkquob-
"kneeling down to him." We presume that these speci-
mens will be enough for the general reader: philologists
are referred to Eliot's Indian Bible, 1661, 4to. New ed.,
with Notes, by P. S. Du Ponceau, and Introduction, by J.
Pickering, Boston, 1822, 8vo. For the other publications
of this excellent and devoted man, and particulars of his
life. we must refer the reader to Mather's Magnalia; Eliot's
Life and Death; Neal's N. E.; Mass. Hist. Coll.; Douglas;
Hutchinson; Holmes; Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.; Life by
Convers Francis, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 1st ser., v. i.
The excellent Cotton Mather waxes warm when he takes
up his fruitful pen to depict the virtues of John Eliot:
V
Having implored the assistance and acceptance of that God
whose blessed word has told us, "The righteous shall be had in
everlasting remembrance,' I am attempting to write the life of a
righteous person, concerning whom all things but the meanness
of the writer invite the reader to expect nothing save what is truly
extraordinary. It is the life of one who has better and greater
things to be affirmed of him, than could ever be reported concern-
ing any of those famous men which have been celebrated by the
pens of a Plutarch, a Piiny, Laertius, an Eunapius, or in any Pa-
gan histories. It is the life of one whose character might very
agreeably be looked for among the collections of a Dorotheus. or
the orations of a Nazianzen; or is worthy at least of nothing less
than the exquisite stile of a Melchior Adam to eternize it."-Ubi
supra.
•
The Apostle-and truly I know not who since Peter and Paul
better deserves that name."-Oration by Hon. Edward Everell at
Dorchester, Mass.. July 4, 1855.
Eliot, John, D.D., 1754-1813, a minister of Boston,
Mass., son of Andrew Eliot, D.D., was one of the founders
and principal contributors to the Mass. Hist. Society. Oc-
casional Serms., 1782, '83, '94, '97, 1800, '05, &c. Biog.
Dict. of eminent characters in N. England, Salem, 1809,
Svo. Papers in Mass. Hist. Coll., iv., vi., viii., ix., x.
Eliot, L. W. Seri., Lon., 1820, Svo.
Eliot, Samuel, b. at Boston, Mass., 1821, educated
at Harvard University, and in Europe. 1. The Life and
Times of Savonarola. 2. The Liberty of Rome: a
tory, N. York, 1849, 2 vols. 8vo; Lon., 1849, 2 vols. Svo,
and a folio vol. of illustrations. 3. The History of Liberty,
Bost., 1853, 4 vols. 12mo: Pt. 1. The Ancient Romans; Pt.
2, (repub. Lon., 1853, 2 vols. 8vo,) The Early Christians.
"For such an extraordinary combination and development of
fancy and genius many causes may be assigned, and we seek for
the chief of them in religion, in politics, in the circumstances of
the time, the recent diffusion of letters, in local situation, and in
His-themselves so nobly of the advantages placed within their reach.
the character of the men who adorned that period and availed
The translation of the Bible was the chief engine in the great
work. It threw open, by a secret spring, the rich treasures of reli-
gion and morality, which had been there locked up as in a shrine.
It gave them a common interest in the common cause. Their
hearts burnt within them as they read. It gave a mind to the
people, by giving them common subjects of thought and feeling.
it cemented their union of character and sentiment; it created
endless diversity and collision of opinion. They found objects to
employ their faculties, and a motive, in the magnitude of the con-
sequences attached to them, to exert the utmost eagerness in the
pursuit of truth, and the most daring intrepidity in maintaining
it."-Lectures on the Dramatic Lit. of the Age of Elizabeth, Lect. I.
"The character of this remarkable American work may be in
part surmised from one of the mottoes on its title-page: The His-
tory of the World is one of God's own great poems.' Its aim. in
Its aim. in
tracing accurately and philosophically the struggles of Rome after
liberty, is to show that over antiquity, as over our own times, an
overruling Providence prevailed, and that none can fathom the
truths of history but with the plummet of Revelation. It main-
tains. and satisfactorily elucidates, the great truth of the univer-
sality of the Divine government as the groundwork of every his-
|
tory that deserves the name."--PRESIDENT KING.
4. Manual of United States History, 1492-1850, 1856,
12mo. Articles in periodicals.
Eliot, Samuel A. Sketch of the History of Harvard
College, and of its Present State, Bost., 1848, 12mo.
Eliot, Thomas. See ELYOT.
Eliot, W. H., Jr. Genealogy of the Eliot Family; "re-
vised and enlarged by W. S. Porter, N. Haven, 1854, Svo.
Eliot, Wm. Granville. Treatise on the Defence of
Portugal, with a Military Map of the Country, Lon.,1811,8vo.
Eliot, Rev. Wm. G., D.D., of St. Louis, Mo. 1. Unity
of God, Bost., 12mo. 2. Doctrines of Christianity, 1852.
3. Lectures to Young Men, 1853, 16mo. 4. Lectures to
Young Women, 1853, 16mo.
"One of those very few books that a father may safely place in
the hands of his daughter.”—Mother's Assistant.
5. Early Religious Education Considered as the Di-
vinely-Appointed Way to the Regenerate Life, 1855. 6.
A Discourse, 1855. 7. Discipline of Sorrow, 1855.
Elis, John, D.D. Defensio Fidei, Lon., 1660, 12mo.
Elis. See ELLIS.
French of Margaret of Navarre, &c., Lon., 148, Sta
3. A Dialogue from Xenophon, between Hiero and Simon-
ides. 4. Two Orations from Isocrates, trans. into Latin.
ford. 7. Comment on Plato. S. Boethius de Consolatione
5. Latin Oration at Cambridge. 6. Latin Oration at Ox-
Philosophiæ, trans. into English, 1593. Trans. of Sallust's
Jugurthine War of Plutarch de Curiositate, Horace's Art
of Poetry, a Play of Euripides, &c. For other composi-
tions of Elizabeth's, see Park's Walpole's R. and N. Au-
thors. For publications connected with her reign and its
literature, and accounts of her personal and political cha-
racter, see the Histories of England by Humo, Rapin,
Echard, Keightley, Lingard, and the Pictorial History,
Camden's Annals, Strype's Annals and Memorials, Bal-
lard's Memoirs, Wood's Annals, Nichols's Progresses, An-
drews's Contin. of Henry's Hist., Miss Strickland's Lives
of the Queens of England, Drake's Shaksp. and his Times,
Harrington's Nugæ Antiquæ, Hazlitt's Dramat. Lit. of the
Age of Elizabeth, Romantic Biog. of the Age of Elizabeth,
and many other works which we have no room to cite.
Especially should Anthony Bacon's Memoirs of Elizabeth,
1581-1630, be carefully perused:
"From this excellent collection we are as well acquainted with
the Earl of Essex and the Court of Queen Elizabeth, as if we had
lived in it.”—Hardwicke s State Papers, i. 372.
"I have been informed on the best authority that Queen Eliza-
beth exercised her poetical pen more voluminously than we have
hitherto known, for that there exists a manuscript volume of her
majesty's poems in that rich repository of state papers-the Hat-
field Collection.”—Disraeli's Amenities of Literature, vol. ii.
Elitos. See ELYOT, THOMAS.
Elizabeth, Queen of England, daughter of Henry
VIII. and Anne Boleyn, 1533-1603, was one of the most
learned persons of her time, and author of sundry transla-
tions from the Greek, Latin, and French, and some original
compositions. 1. The Mirrour, or the Glass of the Sinfull
Soul; trans. from the French when she was only eleven
years of age. 2. Prayers and Meditations; from the
530
Mr. Headly would not have esteemed this volume of her
majesty's poetry much of a treasure:
"As dead queens rank but with meaner mortals, we may assert,
without much fear of contradiction, that little else can now bẹ
gratified by the perusal of Elizabeth's poetry than mere curiosity."
The Age of Elizabeth is certainly the most brilliant in
the literary annals of England, nor is it likely that its
splendour will ever be surpassed. The remarks of Mr.
Hazlitt in this connection deserve to be often quoted, and
should never be forgotten by the Christian and man of
letters. Referring to the intellectual activity of this age,
especially the many mighty names which adorn the dra-
matic literature of the times, he remarks:
•
•
III. 1. Cupid turned Volunteer, Lon., 1808, 4to.
Elizabeth, H.R.H., Princess, 3d daughter of George
The
and Progress of Genius, in a series of 21 Etchings, 1806,
poetical illustrations are by Thomas Park. 2. The Power
Coombe) illustrative of as many Engravings from designs
fol. For private circulation only. 3. Six Poems (by Wm.
by H.R.H., 1813, 4to.
Elizabeth, Charlotte. See TONNA, MRS.
Elkes, Richard. Medicine for Soldiers, Lon., 1843.
rel. to the Mishna, Lon., 1843.
Elkin, Benj. Lett. to Editor of The Voice of Jacob,
1723,8vo. Greenland Trade and Whale-Fishery, 1722, 8vo.
Elking, Henry. Interest of G. Brit. considered, Lon.,
“This váluable tract embodies, within a short compass, a great
deal of information respecting the early history of the whale-fish
ery."-McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.
Elkington, Joseph. See JOHNSTONE, JOHN.
Ellaby,Francis. Church of the Lord, Lon., 1838,12mo.
Ellaby, James, and A. S. Thelwall. Anti-Mam-
mon, or an Exposure of the Unscriptural Statements of
Mammon, (by Rev. John Harris,) 3d edit., Lon., 1837, cr.
Svo. See HARRIS, JOIN.
Ellesby, James. Serm., 1684, 4to; do., 1694, 4to.
Ellesmere, Countess of. See EGERTON, Lady
FRANCES.
Ellesmere, Earl of.
Ellesmere, Baron.
Ellet, Charles, Jr.
vers, Phila.. 1853, Svo.
See EGERTON, FRANCIS.
See EGERTON, THOMAS.
The Mississippi and Ohio Ri
Ellet, Elizabeth F., a daughter of Wm. A. Lummis,
M.D., and wife of Wm. H. Ellet, M.D., late Professor of
ELL
ELL
Chemistry in Columbia College, New York City, and in the
College at Columbia, S. Carolina, is a native of Sodus, New
York. Her first publication, a poem in the American La-
dies' Magazine, Boston, appeared in 1833, and a trans. of
Silvio Pellico's Euphemia of Messina, in 1834; since which
she has been one of the most voluminous, and certainly
one of the most popular, writers of America. We give a
list of her works: 1. Poems, Original and Selected, 1835,
12mo. 2. Teresa Contarini; a Tragedy acted in 1835.
3. Scenes in the Life of Joanna of Sicily, 1840, 12mo.
4. The Characters of Schiller, 1841, 12mo. 5. Rambles
about the Country, 18mo. 6. Evenings at Woodlawn,
12mo. 7. The Women of the American Revolution, 1848,
&c., 3 vols. 12mo. 8. Family Pictures from the Bible,
1849, 12mo. 9. The Domestic History of the American
Revolution, 1850, 12mo. 10. Watching Spirits, 1851, 8vo.
11. Scripture Gift Book, 8vo. 12. Pioneer Women of the
West, 1852, 12mo. 13. Nouvellettes of the Musicians,
1852, 12mo. 14. Summer Rambles in the West, 1853,
12mo. Mrs. Ellet has contributed many articles to the
North American, the American Quarterly, and the South-
ern Quarterly, Reviews. For critical notices of her writ-
ings, we must refer the reader to Griswold's Female Poets
of America, Mrs. Hale's Woman's Record, Hart's Female
Prose Writers of America, and the Southern Literary Mes-
senger, ii. 116.
An English periodical of high authority and most vigor-
ous tone of criticism acknowledges that
"In treating the Women of the Revolution, Mrs. Ellet is fair
and honest; . . . and the illustrations which might be drawn from
a book like this, contain a lesson neither ephemeral in value nor
limited in its application.”—Lon. Athenæum.
Ellia, Felix. Norman Banditti, or the Fortress of
Constance; a Tale, Lon., 1799, 2 vols. 12mo.
Ellicott, Andrew, 1759-1820, Prof. of Mathemat. at
West Point, N. York; Commissioner of the U. States. His
Journal: rel. to Boundary between U. States and Spain,
Phila., 1803, 4to. Astronom., &c. con. to Trans. Amer. Soc.,
1793, '99, 1802.
Ellicott, C. J. Hist. and Obligation of the Sabbath:
Hulsean Lecture, Lon., 1844, Svo.
Ellicott, John. Electricity, Lon., 1748, 4to. Clocks,
1753, &c., 4to. Metals, Diamonds, Electricity, Clocks;
see Phil. Trans., 1736, '45, '51.
Ellington, Edward. Serm., Lon., 1771, Svo.
Elliot. Essays upon the Husbandry of New England,
Lon., 1764, 4to.
Elliot and Strobel. A Digest of the Militia Law
of South Carolina, Charleston. 1834, Svo.
Elliot, Miss. Fancy's Wreath; a collec. of Fables
and Allegorical Tales in Prose and Verse, 1813, Svo.
Elliot, Adam. Vindic. of T. Oates, Lon., 1682, fol.
Elliot, Adam. Travels, &c. in Fez.
Elliot, Charles, D.D., b. 1792, in the county of Do-
negal, Ireland. Indian Missionary Reminiscences, N. York,
18mo. Delineation of Roman Catholicism, N. York, 2 vols.
8vo; 3d ed., Lon., 1851, imp. Svo. This distinguished Me-
thodist divine has also pub. an Essay on Baptism, (1834,)
a life of Rev. Mr. Roberts, and a work on Slavery.
Elliot, Charles H. The Republican, in a Series of
Strictures on T. Paine's Rights of Man, Lon., 1791, Svo.
Elliot, E. Paraphrase of Job, 1792, 12mo.
Elliot, George. Life of the Duke of Wellington,
Lon., 1815, Svo. A Narrative of his Life, Svo.
Elliot, Sir Gilbert, d. 1777, distinguished as a par-
liamentary speaker, and father of the first Earl of Minto,
wrote "the beautiful pastoral song" (Sir Walter Scott) be-
ginning with the lines-
"My sheep I neglected, I broke my sheep-hook,
And all the gay haunts of my youth I forsook."
Elliot, Gilbert, D.D., Dean of Bristol. Serms., Lon.,
1850, 8vo. Speech, Bristol, 1850, 12mo. Letter, 1851, 12mo.
Elliot, James, is well known as the author of several
valuable works on Geometry, Mensuration, Trigonometry,
Algebra, &c., Lon., 1845-51.
"These books [on Geometry and Mensuration] are the work of a
man who is both an able practical Mathematician, and an expe-
rienced Teacher."-Lon. Spectator.
Elliot, Miss Jane, sister to Sir Gilbert Elliot, of
Minto, gained considerable reputation by her song entitled
"Flowers of the Forest"-a dirge for the slain at Flodden
Field. It has been placed in competition with Mrs. Cathe-
rine Cockburn's song of the same title.
Elliot, Sir John. Speech, Lon., 1641, 4to. Argts.
upon the Writ of Habeas Corpus contg. Loans in the K. B. |
Elliot, or Elliott, John, M.D., d. 1786. Works on
medicine, physiology, and nat. philos., Lon., 1780–87.
Elliot, R., d. 1788, formerly of Bene't Coll., Camb.,
was a native of Kingsbridge, Devon. Serms. and theolog
treatises, 1788-1813.
Elliot, Robert. Spec. of Burnet's Hist., 1715, 8vo.
Elliot, Robert, Capt. R.N. Views in the East; from
Sketches by Capt. E., imp. 8vo, r. 4to, and imp. 4to.
Elliot, Samuel H., b. 1809, at Brattleborough, Ver-
mont. 1. Rolling Bridge, Bost., 1838, 16mo. 2. Sequel
to No. 1, 1844, 16mo. 3. Emily Maria, N. York, 1844,
16mo. 4. The Parish Side, 1854, 12mo. 5. Dreams and
Realities, 1856, 12mo. 6. New England's Chattels, 1858.
12mo. Also papers in periodicals.
Elliot, Thos. Chemistry and Nat. Hist., 1784, 2 vols.
Elliotson, John, M.D., b. London, towards the close
of the 18th century; Pres. Roy. Med. and Chir. Soc., Lon. ;
Prof. Principles and Practice of Medicine, &c. Univ. Coll.,
Lon.; Lecturer on the Practice of Medicine, St. Thomas's
Hospital, Lon. 1. Cases of the Hydrocyanic or Prussic
Acid, Lon., 1820, 8vo. 2. Lectures on Diseases of the
Heart, 1830, fol. 3. Principles and Practice of Medicine,
1839, Svo; 2d ed., by Drs. N. Rogers and A. Cooper Lee,
1842, 8vo, pp. 1232. Amer. ed., with Notes and Additions
by T. Stewardson, Phila., 1844, 8vo. This valuable work
has been trans. into the German and other languages. 4.
Human Physiology, 1840, '56, 8vo. 5. Surgical Operations
in the Mesmeric State without Pain, 1843, 8vo.
Elliott, C. B. 1. Letters from the North of Europe,
Lon., Svo. Commended by Lon. Lit. Gaz.
2. Travels in Austria, Russia, and Turkey, 1838, 2 vols.
Elliott, Charles B., Rector of Tattingstone. The
Vicissitudes of Life; a Serm., Godalming, 1838, Svo.
Elliott, Ebenezer, 1781-1849, known by the title of
"The Corn-Law Rhymer," was a native of Masborough,
near Rotherham, Yorkshire. His father was a clerk in the
Iron-works, at a salary of £70 per annum, with which a
family of eight children were to be supported. Obliged to
commence hard labour at an early age in the foundry, there
seemed to be little prospect of that literary reputation which
the industrious operative was destined to achieve. A taste
for reading, however, triumphed over all obstacles, and a
warm admiration of poetry, especially the rural pictures
of Thomson, soon resulted in an attempt at imitation, which
was sufficiently successful to excite the astonishment of
several literary gentlemen, who determined that such
powers should not be allowed to lie dormant. His first
publication was the Vernal Walk, written in his 17th year.
He next gave to the world "Night," a portion of which is
repub. in his works under the title of the Legend of Wharn-
cliffe. This was severely handled by the Monthly Review
and the Monthly Magazine; but Elliott was not easily dis-
couraged, and again ventured before the public in a volume
of Poems, which was also unsuccessful. But Southey con-
soled the author:
"There is power in the least of these tales, but the higher you
pitch your tone the better you succeed. Thirty years ago they
would have made your reputation; thirty years hence the world will
wonder that they did not do so."
by a savage attack upon Byron's Giaour; to which his
To this volume succeeded the Poem of Love, prefaced
lordship deigned no reply.
Deserting the tender themes which had heretofore in-
spired his muse. Elliott now appeared in the character of
the Corn-Law Rhymer. The Corn-Law Rhymes"-urg-
ing the repeal of the duties and free trade in bread-stuffs-
were pub. in the same vol. with The Ranter. In 1829 he
gave to the world "The Village Patriarch," and in 1831
contributed to the New Monthly Magazine a Spenserian
poem entitled "Byron and Napoleon, or they met in Hea-
ven."
In the same year appeared the 3d edit. of Love.
and the 3d edit. of Corn-Law Rhymes. The "Poet of the
favouring the public with a collective edit. of his poems.
People" had now gained sufficient reputation to justify his
They appeared in three vols., Lon., 12mo, 1833, 34, 35;
and in 1840 an edit. was issued in one vol. r. Svo. For
AL
further particulars respecting Elliott, see a sketch of his
life (chiefly taken from a memoir in the Sheffield and Rc-
therham Independent) in the Gent. Mag., Feb., 1850, to
which we are indebted for the above facts. See also The
Life, Character, and Genius of Ebenezer Elliott, by J. Serle,
1850, 18mo, Poetry and Letters, by J. Watkins, 1850, p.
8vo, and More Verse and Prose, vols. i. and ii., 1850, 12mo.
An article on Elliott will be found in Chambers's Papers
for the People, and an autobiographical Memoir in the
London Athenæum for Jan. 1850. By his attention to the
iron business, in which he was engaged, he was enabled to
gain a respectable competence.
gain a respectable competence. We give extracts from the
opinions of several known authorities respecting the merits.
of Elliott as a poet. The reviewer, after referring to the
I
551
ELL
ELL
ema able dearth of true poetry which distinguished the
day, proceeds:
If the whole welkin hang overcast in drizzly dinginess, the
feeblest light-gleam or speck of blue cannot pass unheeded. The
Works of this Corn-Law Rhymer we might liken rather to some
little fraction of a rainbow: hues of joy and harmony, painted out
of troublous tears. No round full bow, indeed; gloriously span-
ning the Heavens; shone on by the full sun; and, with seven-
striped, golden-crimson border (as is in some sort the office of
Poetry) dividing Black from Brilliant: not such: alas, still far
from it! Yet, in very truth, a little prismatic blush, glowing genu
ine among the wet clouds; which proceeds, if you will, from à sun
cloud-hidden, yet indicates that a sun does shine, and above those
vapours, a whole azure vault and celestial firmament stretch
serene."-THOMAS CARLYLS: Edin. Rev., Iv. 338.
↓
"Ebenezer Elliott (of whom more another day) claims with pride
to be the Poet of the Poor-and the poor might well be proud, did
they know it, that they have such a poet. Not a few of them know
it now-and many will know it in future; for a muse of fire like
his will yet send its illumination into deep, dark holds.' May it
consume all the noxious vapours that infest such regions—and
purify the atmosphere-till the air breathed there be the breath of
life."-PROF. WILSON: Recreations of Christopher North-an Hour's
Talk about Poetry.
"His sky never shows the calm, clear, unclouded summer blue;
some speck on the horizon, although no bigger than a man's hand,
ever predicates storm; and it is impossible to mistake Elliott's moor-
lands for the Elysian fields. As a depicter of the phases of hu-
manity, his portraits are almost all of one class; and with that
class are identified his entire sympathies. Hence it is that he
seems deficient in that genial spirit which characterizes more ca-
tholic natures; in those expansive feelings which embrace society
in all its aspects; in those touches which make all flesh kin.'"-
Moir's Poet. Lit. of the Past Half Century.
<
"The inspiration of his verse is a fiery hatred of injustice. With-
out possessing much creative power, he almost places himself be-
side men of genius by the singular intensity and might of his
sensibility. He understands very well the art of condensing pas
sion. Spread out the thunder,' says Schiller, 'into its single tones,
and it becomes a lullaby for children; pour it forth together, in one
quick peal, and the royal sound shall move the heavens.' The
great ambition of Elliott is to thunder. He is a brawny man, of
nature's own make, with more than the usual portion of the an-
cient Adam stirring within him; and he says, 'I do well to be an
gry. The mere sight of tyranny, bigotry, meanness, prompts his
smiting invective. Ilis poetry could hardly have been written by
a man who was not physically strong. You can hear the ring of
his anvil, and see the sparks fly off from his furnace, as you read
his verse."-EDWIN P. WHIPPLE: Essays and Reviews-Eng. Poets
of the Nineteenth Century.
"I am quite willing to hazard any critical credit, by avowing
my persuasion, that in originality, power, and even beauty, when
he chose to be beautiful, he might bave measured heads beside
Byron in tremendous energy, Crabbe in graphic description, and
Coleridge in effusions of domestic tenderness; while in intense
sympathy with the poor, in whatever he deemed their wrongs or
their sufferings, he excelled them all-and perhaps everybody else
among contemporaries. in prose or verse. He was, in a transcend-
ental sense, the poet of the poor, whom, if not always wisely, I at
least dare not say, he loved too well. His personal character, his
fortunes, and his genius, would require, and they deserve, a full in-
vestigation, as furnishing an extraordinary study of human na-
ture."-JAMES MONTGOMERY: reference to Memoir above. See also
Allan Cunningham's Biog. and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the last
Fifty Years.
Elliott, Edward B., Preb. of Heytesbury. 1. Hora
Apocalyptica, 4th ed., Lon., 1851, 4 vols. 8vo.
"An exceedingly valuable work."-Bickersteth's C. S.
2. Reply to T. K. Arnold, 1845, 8vo. 3. Reply to Dr.
3. Reply to Dr.
Candlish, 1847, 8vo. 4. Vindicia Horariæ. Letters to
Dr. Keith, 1848, 8vo.
Elliott, Frank R., b. 1817, at Guilford, Connecticut.
American Fruit-Grower's Guide, N. York, 1854, 12mo.
Contributions to various agricult. and horticult. journals
of the U. States.
Elliott, George Percy. Qualifications, &c. of Par-
liamentary Electors in Eng. and Wales, 2d ed., Lon., 1843,
12mo.
Elliott, H.M. Bibliographical Index to Mohammedun
History, vol. i., Lon., 1849, 8vo.
Elliott, Henry Venn. Serm. on the death of the
Rev. Henry Mortlock, with a brief Memoir, Lon., 1837,12mo.
Elliott, Jonathan. The American Diplomatic Code,
with Treaties, &c., 1778-1834, Wash., 1834, 2 vols. 8vo.
"It appears to me to be a very valuable work for all persons who
desire to have a knowledge of our Diplomatic History, of our Trea
ties, and of the general principles of Public Law applicable to our
Foreign Relations. It seems to me, also. almost indispensable for
the library of a statesman, and the researches of a jurist."-JOSEPH
STORY, Washington, Feb. 15, 1834.
F
:
Elliott, Stephen, LL.D., 1771-1830, Professor of
Botany in the Medical College of S.C., was a native of
Beaufort, S.C. He was one of the principal conductors of
the Southern Review, and an accomplished scholar. Sketch
of the Botany of S. Carolina and Georgia, Charleston, S.C.,
1821, 2 vols. 8vo.
1
Elliott, Stephen, Jr., D.D., b. 1806, at Beaufort, S.C.,
formerly Prof. of Sacred Literature in the S. C. College, was
ordained deacon in 1835 and priest in '36; consecrated
Bishop of Georgia in 1841. Sermons, &c.
Elliott, William, b. 1788, at Beaufort, S. C., a nephew
of Stephen Elliott, LL.D. 1. Address before the St. Paul's
Agricultural Society, Charleston, 1850. 2. Fiesco; a
Tragedy, printed for the Author, N.Y., 1850, 12mo.
Carolina Sports by Land and Water, Charleston, 1856,
12mo. See Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
3.
Ellis, Edward. A Sudden and Cloudy
A Sudden and Cloudy Messenger,
Lon., 1649, 4to.
Rolliad, and the Probationary Odes, in which Mr. Pitt met
Ellis, George, 1745-1815, was a contributor to The
with no mercy.
1. Memoir of a Map of the Countries be-
tween the Black Sea and the Caspian, &c., Lon., 1788, 4to;
with Pref. Notes, and App. by G. Ellis, 1796-1800, 2 vols.
anon. 2. Fabliaux trans. from Le Grand by G. L. Way,
1801, '03, 3 vols. 8vo; 4th ed., 1811, 3 vols. 8vo; 5th ed.,
Svo. 3. Specimens of the Early English Poets, 1790, 8vo;
1845, 3 vols. fp. Svo; 1851. This is a work of consider-
able value, and should be in all good libraries. It elicited
Southey's Specimens of the Later English Poets. See
Southey's Life and Correspondence. Ellis's Specimens of
the Early English Poets is noticed by an eminent critic, as
In some respects a judicious and entertaining miscellany, ar
Debates in the Several State Conventions on the Adop-ranged in chronological order; but the mutilation of several of the
tion of the Federal Constitution; 2d ed., 1836, 4 vols. 8vo.
poems at the mercy of the editor, with only a general acknowledg
Supplement, (vol. v.,) 1843, 8vo; new ed., revised, Phila., Pref. to his ed. of Phillips's Treat. Poet. Anglic.
ment in the preface. seems very reprehensible."-SIR S. E. BRYDGES:
1858. 5 vols. 8vo.
Elliott, Mary. Tales for Boys, 1839, 18mo; for Girls, 3 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1811, 3 vols. er. Svo. New ed., revised
4. Specimens of Early English Romances in Metre, 1805,
1845, 18mo: of Truth, 1840, 12mo; for the Young, 1852, by J. O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S., 1848, sm. 8vo. An excel-
18mo; for Young People, new edit., 1852, 18mo. Other lent work.
Other lent work. Sir Walter Scott addressed to Ellis the 5th
works for the young.
i canto of Marmion.
Ellis. New Britain; a Narrative of a Journey to a
Svo.
country in the Plain of the Missouri, Lon., 1820,
"A work of fiction, descriptive of a Utopian state of society."
Ellis. The Clergyman's Assistant; new ed., Oxf., 1828,
Svo. A useful work on the legal and ecclesiastical rights,
duties, and liabilities of the clergy.
Ellis, Dr. Summary of the Roman Law, taken from
Dr. Taylor's Elements of the Civil Law, Lon., 1772, Svo.
Ellis, Benjamin, M.D. The Medical Formulary.
Corrected and extended by S. G. Morton, M.D., Phila.,
1849, Svo; 10th ed., revised and enlarged to 1854, by Ro-
bert P. Thomas, M.D., Prof. of Materia Medica in the Phil.
Coll. of Pharmacy, 1854, 8vo.
..
Particularly useful to students and young practitioners."-
Charleston Mrd. Jour, and Rev.
Ellis, Rev. Charles.
Con. to Phil. Trans., 1703;
on Printing; boy with letters in his eye, &c.
Ellis, Charles. 1. Pleadings in Suits for Tithes in
Equity, &c., Lon., 1821. Svo. 2. Law of Debtor and Credi-
tor, 1822, r. Svo. 3. Law of Fire and Life Insurance and
Annuities, 1832, Svo; 2d ed., 1846.
Ellis, Charles Thomas.
in Parliament, Lon., 1799, Svo.
1. Solicitor's Instructor
2. Practical Remarks and
Prac. of Proceed. in Parl. on Private Bills, 1810, Svo;
App., 1811.
Ellis, Clement, 1630-1700, Preb. of Southwell, 1693.
Poem, Oxf., 1658. Poem, Lon., 1660, fol. He pub. a num-
ber of serms. and theolog. treatises, 1661-1700, and some
were pub. after his death. Discourse on the Parables, with
an Account of his Life and Writings, 1704, Svo. The Scrip-
ture Catechist, being a full Expl. of the Ch. Catechism,
1738, Svo.
His writings in practical theology are distinguished for eminent
and fervent piety, soundness of doctrine, and a vigorous. unaffected,
manly style." See Athen. Oxon.; Wordsworth's Eccles. Biog.; Chal
mers's Biog. Dict.; Bickersteth's C. S.
Ellis, Daniel. Inquiry into the Changes induced in
Atmospheric Air by the Germination of Seeds, the Vege-
tation of Plants, and the Respiration of Animals, Edin.,
1807, Svo. Further Inquiries, &c., 1811, Svo. This is a
valuable work upon a very important subject.
Ellis, Dom. Serin., Lon., 1685, '86, 4to.
Ellis, Elis, or Elys, Edmund. Dia Poemata, Lon.,
1655, 12mo. Divine Poems, Oxon., 1658, Svo. Exclama-
tion agst. an Apology for Cowley's verses, Lon., 1670, 4to.
Omnis qui audiunt Evangelium, &c., 1677, Svo. For an
account of this divine and his numerous publications, see
Wood's Athen. Oxon.
552
ELL
ELL
"( George Ellis was the first converser I ever saw. His patience
and good breeding made me often ashamed of myself, going off at
score upon some favourite topic."-Sir Walter Scott's Diary.
Ellis, Rev. George E., b. 1815, Boston. To this
gentleman we are indebted for three of the Lives in the
Second Series of Sparks's American Biography,—viz.: 1.
John Mason, iii. 307; 2. Anne Hutchinson, vi. 167; 3.
William Penn. xii. 193. Contrib. to the N. Amer. Rev.
Ellis, George James Welbore Agar, Barou
Dover, 1797-1833, was in 1832 elected President of the
Royal Society of Literature. 1. The True History of the
State Prisoner, commonly called "The Iron Mask," ex-
tracted from Documents in the French Archives, Lon.,
1826, 8vo. 2. Cat. of the Principal Pictures in Flanders
and Holland, 1822, '26, 8vo. Privately printed. 3. His-
torical Inquiries respecting the Character of Edward Hyde,
Earl of Clarendon, 1827, cr. Svo. 4. The Ellis Corre-
spondence, illustrative of the Revolution of 1688, 1828,
2 vols. 8vo.
"This collection refers to times in the account of which the very
spirit of our history is concentrated. The more we have of such
works, the better will history be studied, the more perfectly will it
be known."—Lon. Month. Rev.
5. Life of Fred. the Second, K. of Prussia, 1831, 2 vols. 8vo.
"A most delightful and comprehensive work,-judicious in se
lection, intelligent in arrangement, and graceful in style."-Lon.
Lit. Guz.
Lord Dover also edited the Letters of Horace Walpole
to Sir Horace Mann, and left in MSS., written for the in-
struction of his son, a vol. entitled Lives of the Most Emi-
nent Sovereigns of Modern Europe, the 4th ed. of which
was pub. in 1853, 12mo. Lord Dover was a contributor to
the Edinburgh and Lon. Quarterly Reviews and other
periodicals.
Ellis, George Viner, of University Coll., London.
Demonstrations of Anatomy; being a Guide to the Dissec-
tion of the Human Body, Lon., 1841, p. Evo; 2d ed., 1848;
3d ed., 1852: 4th ed., 1856, p. Svo.
"We are convinced that it will quickly become the general text-
book of every working student in anatomy."-Brit. and For. Med
Rev.. Jan. 1841.
Ellis, H. The Rhyme-Book, Lon., 1851. r. Svo. One
of the many works elicited by the Great Exhibition in
London in 1851.
Ellis, Henry, Governor of Georgia. A Voyage to
Hudson's Bay in 1746, '47, for discovering a N. West Pass-
age, Lon., 1848, 8vo.
Some important facts and remarks relating to Hudson's Bay
are given in this Voyage.”—Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
Considerations, &c. rel. to the N. West Passage, 1750, 4to.
Dr. Hale's Ventilators, &c.; Phil. Trans., 1751. Heat of
the Weather in Georgia; ib., 1758.
Ellis, Sir Henry, K.C.B., d. 1855. Journal of the
Proceedings of the Late Embassy [Lord Amherst's] to
China, Lon., 1817, 4to; 1818, 2 vols. Svo. An interest-
ing and valuable work. See ABEL, CLARK, M.D.; Lon.
Gent. Mag., Dec. 1855.
Ellis, Sir Henry, K.H., b. 1777, Principal Librarian
of the British Museum 1827-56, and Librarian since
1805. 1. Hist. and Antiq. of the Parish of St. Leonard
Shoreditch, and Liberty of Norton Falgate, in the Suburbs
of London, Lon., 1798, 4to. 2. The New Channel of Eng-
land and France, by Robert Fabian; from Pynson's ed. of
1516, collated with subsequent eds., &c. and including the
Different Continuations; with a Biographical Preface, 1811,
r. 4to.
3. The Channels of John Hardyng; with a Con-
tinuation by Richard Grafton. To which are added a
Preface and Introduction, 1812, 4to. 4. Brand's Popular
Antiquities, revised, with various Addits., 1813, 2 vols. 4to;
new ed., 1842, 3 vols. 12mo; 1849, 3 vols. 12mo. An in-
teresting and valuable work, the foundation of which was
Henry Bourne's Antiquitates Vulgares, first pub. 1725, Svo.
5. Original Letters illustrative of English History, from
Autographs in the British Museum and one or two other
collections, with Notes and Illustrations. Ist series, 1824,
3 vols. p. 8vo; 2d series, 1827, 4 vols. p. Svo; 3d series,
1846, 4 vols. p. Svo; new ed., 1848.
"We rise from the study of these very interesting volumes with
renewed gratitude to the learned editor."-Edin. Review,
"We have now but to say that we are delighted with these
volumes, and to recommend them altogether as deserving of the
utmost public favour-for entertaining narrative-for the correct-
ness of long-received historical theories; for the development of |
famous characters; for the discovery of new and important facts;
and, in short, for every thing that renders such a collection inte-
resting in a country that is keenly alive to the value of such re
searches."-Lon. Lit. Gaz.
To these vols. should be added Letters of the Kings of
England, (Rich. I. to the end of Chas. I.,) now first pub.,
with Notes, &c., by J. O. Halliwell, 1846, 2 vols. p. Svo;
and Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies of Great Bri-
tain, now first pub., with Notes, &c., by Mrs. Wood, 1846,
3 vols. p. 8vo.
6. Elgin and Phigalean Marbles of the Classic Ages,
7. Townley Gallery of Classic Sculp
1847, 2 vols. 12mo.
ture, 1847, 2 vols. 12mo. To Sir Henry we are likewise
indebted for his labours in the preparation of the new edi.
tion of Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum, and the History
of St. Paul's Cathedral, the compilation (in conjunction
with Mr. Baber) of the Catalogue of the Printed Books in
the British Museum, and contributions to Dibdin's Biblio-
mania, the Archæologia, and other valuable records of the
literature of the past ages. See Nichols's Illust. Lit. Hist.,
viii., Indexes, 1858; Lon. Gent. Mag., March, 1856, 275.
Ellis, Humphrey. Two Serms., Lon., 1647, 4to.
Pserdo-Christus; or the impostures of Fornkelin, &c.,
1650, 4to.
Ellis, J. Abridgt. of Murray's Grammar, Lon.
Ellis, James. Law Suits relative to Property devoted
to Pious Uses in Rehoboth, Warren, 1795, 12mo.
Ellis, or Elis, John, Rector of St. Mary's, Dolgelly,
Merionethshire, d. 1665. Comment. in Obadiam, Lon., 1611,
Svo. Clavis Fidei, Oxon., 1642, '43, Svo. Articulorum
xxxix. Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ defensio, Amst., 1696, 12mo.
Ellis, John, Jr. Serm., Lon., 1643, 4to. Vindicia
Catholicæ, 1647, 4to. Infant Baptism, 1659, Svo. Retrac-
tions and Repentings, 1662.
Ellis, John. Collectors of Excise, 1736, Sro.
Ellis, John, D.D., Vicar of St. Catherine's, Dublin.
The Knowledge of Divine Things from Revelation, not
from Reason or Nature, Lon., 1743, Svo; 1747, '71; new
ed., 1811, Svo.
A valuable Treatise, with much new and original thinking.”—
Bickersteth's C. S.
“No divine (Bishop Butler, perhaps, only excepted) appears to
have possessed greater maturity of thought, and a richer vein of
original conception."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
An Inquiry whence cometh Knowledge and Understand-
ing to Man, 1757, Svo. Appended to last ed. of above work.
To the Knowledge of Divine Things was subsequently
added Some Considerations upon Mr. Locke's Hypothesis,
That the Knowledge of God is attainable by ideas of re-
flection.
Ellis, John, 1698-1791, a literary money-scrivener,
memorable as the subject of great partiality upon the part
of Dr. Johnson, Dr. King, and Lord Orrery, was fond of
translating Latin into English verses, and perpetrating
poetical squibs and epigrams. The South Sea Dream; a
Poem in Hudibrastic Verse. 1720. A trans. from the Latin
Poem in Hudibrastic Verse, 1720.
of The Surprise; or, the Gentleman turned Apothecary,
Lon., 1739, 12mo. Written originally in French prose.
Marston Moor; sive de obsidione prælioque Eboracensi
Carmen, Lib. vi., 1750, 4to. His Travesty of Maphæus
appeared under the following title:
"The Canto added by Maphæus
To Virgil's twelve books of Eneas;
From the original bombastic,
Done in English Hudibrastic,
With notes beneath, and Latin text
In every other page annexed."-1758
Ellis always pub. anonymously. He contributed some
of the poems in Dodsley's collection.
"It is wonderful, sir, what is to be found in London. The most
literary conversation that I ever enjoyed was at the table of Jack
Ellis, a money-scrivener. behind the Royal Exchange, with whom
at one period I used to due generally once a week."-Dr. Johnson's
remark to Boswell.
"I visited him [Ellis] in his ninety-third year, and found his judg
ment distinct and clear, and his memory, though faded so as to fail
able to serve him very well, after a little recollection."-BosWELL.
him occasionally, yet, as he assured me, and I indeed perceived,
Ellis, John, b. about 1710, d. 1776, an eminent natu-
ralist. An Essay towards a Natural History of the Coral
lines, &c., Lon., 1755, 4to. Hist. Account of Coffee, 1774,
4to. Mongostan and Bread Fruit, 1775, 4to. Treatise on
Cattle, 1776, Svo. Nat. Hist. of Zoophytes, 1786, 4to. For
other publications of Ellis, and his contributions to Phil.
Trans., 1752-76, see Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Ellis, Robert Leslie, in conjunction with James
Spedding and Douglas Denon Heath, commenced in 1855
the preparation of a new and complete edition of the Works
of Francis Bacon. The First Division-the Philosophical
Works-has been pub. in 5 large Svo vols. i.-iii., 1857;
iv., v., 1858, £4 10s.
iv., v., 1858, £4 10s. See SPEDDING, JAMES.
Ellis, Philip. Serms. in the "Catholick Sermons,"
2 vols. Svo.
Ellis, Sir Richard. See ELLYS.
Ellis, Robert. Laws of Customs, Lon., 1826, Svo.
Ellis, Mrs. Sarah Stickney, formerly Miss Stick-
ney, is one of the most voluminous and popular writers
of the day. Her Poetry of Life had given her considerable
553
ELL
ELL
celebrity before her marriage, in 1837, to the Rev. William
Ellis, the well-known and highly-respected missionary to
the South Sea Islands. The works of Mrs. Ellis are so
numerous that wo can promise, in the brief limits to which
we are confined, to give little more than the titles of her
excellent productions. 1. The Poetry of Life, 2 vols. p.
Svo. 2. Conversations on Human Nature, 12mo. 3. Home,
or, The Iron Rule, 3 vols. p. Svo. 4. Women of England,
1838, p. Svo; 1846. 5. Sons of the Soil; a Poem, 2d ed.,
1940, p. Svo. 6. The Daughters of England, 1842, p. Svo;
1846. 7. The Wives of England, 1843, p. 8vo; 1846.
8. The Mothers of England, 1843, cr. Svo; 1848. 9. Fa-
mily Secrets, 1841-43, 3 vols. Svo; 1846. 10. Summer
and Winter in the Pyrenees, 1841, p. Svo; 1847. 11. Voice
from the Vintage, 1843, fp. Svo. 12. Pictures of Private
Life, 1844, 3 vols. fp. Svo. 13. Young Ladies' Reader,
1845, fp. Svo. 14. Look to the End, or the Bennetts Abroad,
1845, 2 vols. p. Svo. 15. The Island Queen; a Poem, 1846,
p. Svo. 16. Temper and Temperament, 1846, 2 vols. Svo.
17. Prevention better than Cure, 1847, p. Svo; 1848.
18. Rawdon House; Hints on Formation of Character,
1848, p. Svo. 19. Fireside Tales. New ed., 1848, '49, 4
vols. p. Svo. 20. Social Distinction; or, Hearts and Homes,
1848, 49, 3 vols. Svo. 21. My Brother; or, The Man of
Many Friends. New ed. of Mrs. Ellis's Works, 1853, &c.
With the many well-deserved encomiums before us upon
Mrs. Ellis's instructive volumes, we cannot but regret that
we can find room for only a few.
Notice of The Wives of England:
"It is a comfort to think that in all things we are not retrograd-
ng. The talents which made Hannah More and Madame D'Arblay
the idols of the literary world in their generation, would now se-
cure them but a slender share of homage. The cultivation of the
female mind has certainly advanced; and we greatly doubt if any
woman of the last century could have written The Wives of Eng-
land."-British Magazine.
Notice of The Daughters of England:
"An admirable work, full of truthful eloquence, that does Mrs.
Ellis infinite honour, and will be productive of great eventual
good. Education, taste, beauty, fashion, and the affections, form
themes on which Mrs. Ellis enlarges with great earuestuess."-
Court Journal.
Notices of The Women of England:
We know no volume better calculated to exercise a powerful,
lasting, and beneficial influence. If we could have our own way,
every family should order a copy of The Women of England. Hus-
bands, especially young Husbunds, should buy it for their Wives;
Fathers, for their Daughters; Brothers, for their Sisters."-Lon.
Methodist Mag.
"At a time when women are becoming anxious to shine in other
spheres than that bumble but holiest of all-home, to inculcate
the truth that the paramount and peculiar duties of woman con-
sist in ministering to the wants, comforts, and happiness of her
fellow-creatures. especially those of her own family circle. is a salu-
tary task; this Mrs. Ellis has accomplished in a way to bring con-
viction to the minds of mothers and daughters-the teachers and
the taught."-Lim. Spectutor.
Notices of The Mothers of England:
"This is an appropriate and very valuable conclusion to the
series of works on the subject of female duties by which Mrs. Ellis
bas pleased, and we doubt not profited, thousands of readers. Her
counsels command attention, not only by their practical sagacious
usefulness, but also by the meek and modest spirit in which they
are communicated.
Notice of Pretension; series 3d of Pictures of Private
Life:
"The aim of the writer is evidently to instruct as well as amuse,
by offering these admirable sketches as beacons to warn the young,
especially of her own sex, against the errors which have shipwrecked
the happiness of so many."-Lom. Gentleman's Magazine.
Notice of Look to the End:
"In the present work her lessons are more descriptive and va-
rious, and consequently it possesses more elements for popularity
than its predecessors, popular as they have been and are.”—Lon.
Literary Gazette.
What higher praise could any author covet than the fol-
lowing commendations from eminent authorities?
“We can conscientiously aver, that no works within our know-
<
ledge are equally calculated to interest by their cheerful, pleasant
composition, and to instruct by their sagacious, honest counsels,
:hose for whom they are designed. To write no line which dying
one would wish to blot,' when addressing one's self to subjects so
full of all that is delicate in human motives and all that is power-
ful in human influence. is a display of honesty and courage, as
well as wisdom and morality, which should be appreciated and
honoured: this is what Mrs. Ellis hus done."-Lon. Eclectic Review.
"Mrs. Ellis has always one end in view-the moral improvement
and edification of her fellow-creatures; more particularly of her
own sex."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
Ellis, T. F., and Adolphus, J. S. Reports of Cases
in Ct. of King's Bench. See BARNEWALL, R. V.
Ellis, Thomas. A true Report of Mr. Martin Fro-
bisher's 3d and last Voyage; by T. E., a sailor, and one
of the company, Lon., 1578, 4to.
Ellis, Thomas. Traytors Unvailed, 1661, 4to.
Ellis, Thomas. Gardener's P. Calendar, Lon., 1776.
¦
Ellis, W. Voyage of Cook and Clarke, 1776-80, with
their discoveries, and death of Cook, Lon., 1782, 2 vols. 8vo.
Ellis, Wm. 1. Practical Farmer, Lon., 1732, Svo. 2.
Chiltern and Vale Farming Explained, 1733, Svo. 3. New
Experiments in Husbandry, 1736, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Timber
Tree Improved, 1738, Svo. 5. Modern Husbandman,
1744, Svo.
1744, Svo. 6. Country Housewife's Family Companion,
1750, Svo. 7. Complete Planter and Cyderist, 1757, 8vo.
S. A Complete System of Experienced Improvements made
on sheep, grass lambs, and house lambs, &c. This title
we take from Donaldson. He discovered the book in the
library of Geo. IV., Brit. Muscum. 9. Ellis's Husbandry
abridged and methodized, 1772, 2 vols. Svo: A sort of com-
pound of the whole of Ellis's works on Agriculture. See
a critical review of Ellis's works in Donaldson's Agricult.
Biog.
"Ellis was not the author of any originality on the subject of
agriculture, nor did he write any conception that merited that
appellation. But he was a large promoter of the art both by pre-
standing in the temple of agricultural fame."-Ubi supra.
cept and example, and consequently occupies a niche of no low
Ellis, Wm. Every Man his own Farrier, Lon., 1759,
Svo.
Ellis, Wm. Cure of the V. Disease, Lon., 1771, 8vo.
Ellis, Wm. Collec. of English Exercises, Lon., 1782.
Ellis, Wm. A Treatise on Government, trans. from
the Greek of Aristotle, Lon., 1779, 4to.
Ellis, Wm. Campagna of London, with Hist. and
Topog. of the Parishes, and Biog. anecdotes, Lon., 1791-
93, 4to.
Ellis, William, b. 1800, in the vicinity of London,
an eminent writer on social science. 1. Outlines of Social
Economy. 2. Introduction to the Study of the Social
Sciences. 3. Outlines of the History and Formation of the
Understanding. 4. Questions and Answers Suggested by
a Consideration of Some of the Arrangements of Social
Life. 5. Progressive Lessons in Social Science. 6. Phe-
nomena of Industrial Life; edited by the Dean of Here-
ford. 7. Education as a Means of Preventing Destitu-
tion, 1851, p. Svo. For an interesting sketch of Mr. Ellis's
labours in the cause of social science, see Knight's Eng.
Cyc.
Ellis, Rev. Wm., an eminent missionary to the South
Sea Islands, and the husband of MRS. SARAH STICKNEY
ELLIS, (v. ante.) 1. Missionary Narrative of a Tour through
Hawaii or Owhyhee, Lon., 1826, Svo.; 4th ed. 1827, 8vo.
Mr. Ellis has given us a plain, intelligent, and uncommonly
interesting detail. He describes well, because distinctly and un-
affectedly. We cannot recollect that we have been more entirely
rivetted by the perusal of a book of Travels since we read Dr.
Henderson's Iceland.”—Lom. Eclectic Review.
2. Polynesian Researches, 1829, 2 vols. 8vo.; last ed.,
1853, 4 vols. 12mo.
"A more interesting book than this, in all its parts, we have
never perused, and seldom so immethodical a one."-ROBERT
SOUTHEY, in Lon. Quar. Rev. xliii. 1, 1830. Read this interesting
review.
"The simplicity of the narrative,-the graphic beauty of many
of the descriptions,—and the moral grandeur of the whole subject
of these volumes, are calculated to produce the most powerful and
salutary impression on every religious and cultivated mind."-
Orme's Discourse on the South Sen Mission.
3. A Vindication of the South Sea Missions from the
Misrepresentations of Otto Von Kotzebue, with an Appen-
dix by Wm. Ellis, 1831, 8vo. 4. History of Madagascar,
1838, 2 vols. Svo.
"Here is a work as copious, as comprehensive, as minute. and,
as far as we can judge, as accurate, as it would be possible to pro-
duce."-Lon. Eclectic Review.
5. History of the London Missionary Society, vol. i., 1844,
Svo. 6. Village Lectures on Popery, 1851, fp. 8vo.
"Remarkable for their simple and explanatory character.
We commend them to readers of every grade."-Lon. Eclec. Rev.
To Mr. Ellis we are also indebted for an improved ed.
of Stewart's Visit to the South Seas, and for an Intro-
ductory Essay on the Policy, Religion, &c. of China, pre-
fixed to Gutzlaff's Journal of Three Voyages along the
Coast of China. 3d ed., 1839, p. Svo.
Ellis, Sir Wm. C., M.D., Resident Medical Superin-
tendent, and formerly of the Asylum at Wakefield. Let-
ter to T. Thompson, M.P., on the necessity for Insane
Asylums, Lon., 1815, Svo. A Treatise on the Nature,
Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment of Insanity, with Practi-
cal Observations on Lunatic Asylums, and a descrip. of
the Hanwell Asylum, Lon., 1838, 8vo.
"The present volume, coming from the pen of one whose repu-
tation in this department stands so high, will most probably be
sought for with avidity. It abounds in a great variety of valu-
able information, with many particulars of great importance to
the treatment of insanity, and to the interests of society. We su
cordingly recommend it to public attention.”—Lon. Ather cum
"In this unpretending volume will be found a vast deal f
•
651
ELL
ELP
highly important and useful practical information.”—Lon. Med. minster and Merton Coll., Oxf.; Principal of Alban Hall
Char. Ren., July, 1838,
Ellison, Cuthbert. Serm., 1748, 8vo.
Ellison, John. Serm., Newc., 1750, 4to.
Ellison, Nath., D.D., Archdeacon of Stafford. Serm.,
1699, 4to; 1700, 8vo; 1710.
and Camden; Professor of History, 1823. Elmsley was
one of the first Greek scholars of his time. 1. Articles in
the Edinburgh Review, viz.: No. 4, On Heyne's Homer;
No. 5, On Schweighauser's Athenæus; No. 35, On Blom-
field's Prometheus; No. 37, On Porson's Hecuba. 2. Ar-
ticle in the 38th No. of the Quarterly Review, on Lord
Clarendon's Religion and Policy. 3. The Acharnenses,
1809. 4. Edipus Tyrannus, 1811. 5. Heraclidæ, 1815.
6. Medea, 1818. 7. Bacchæ, 1821. 8. Edipus Coloneus,
Ellison, Nath., Vicar of Bolam. Serm., 1792, 4to.
Ellison, R. Serm., 1811.
Ellison, Seacome. 1. Prison Scenes, Lon., 1838,
1. Prison Scenes, Lon., 1838,
p. 8vo.
2. Baptism, 1835, 8vo; 2d ed., 1846. 3. The
Millennium, 1850, 12mo.
1823.
Elliston, Robert Wm., 1774-1831, a celebrated
English actor. The Venetian Outlaw, a Drama adapted
to the English Stage, 1805, Svo. See Raymond's Memoirs
of R. W. Elliston, by G. Raymond, Lon., 1846, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Magnificent were thy capriccios on this globe of earth, Robert
William Elliston!”—CHarles Lamb.
Ellowis, or Elwes, Sir Gervase. His Speech and
Repentance at his Execution, Lon., 1615, 4to.
Ellsworth, Erastus W., b. 1823, Conn. Poems,
Hartford, 1855.
"We have rarely met so unequal a collection of poems: none,
indeed, rising to the highest rank, and many sinking quite below
notice."-Putnam's N. York Mg.
Ellsworth, Henry Wm. 1. Report on Agriculture,
N. York. 2. Sketches of the Upper Wabash Valley, 1838,
12mo. 3. American Swine Breeder, 1844, 12mo.
Ellsworth, Oliver, LL.D., Chief Justice of the U.
States, 1745-1807, was a native of Windsor, Conn. Speech
in the Convention of Connecticut in favour of the Consti-
tution, pub. in the American Museum.
Ellwood, Thomas, 1639-1713, the friend of Milton,
and a zealous Quaker, was a native of Oxfordshire. 1. For-
gery no Christianity, 1674, 12mo. 2. The Foundation of
Tithes Shaken, 1682; 1720, Svo. 3. Wickham, 1690, 4to.
4. Sacred History; historical part of the Old and New
Test. digested, &c., 1705-09; 1794, 2 vols. fol. 5. Davideis,
a Sacred Poem, 1712, 12mo. 6. His Autobiography, with
a Supp. by J. W., 1714, 8vo; 1791, 12mo. As reader to
Milton, Ellwood enjoyed rare opportunities of conversing
with the great bard. After perusing the MS. of Paradise
Lost, he returned it to the author with the remark:
"Thou hast said much here of Paradise Lost, but what hast
thou to say to Paradise found?”
To this timely hint the world is indebted for Paradise
Regained. An interesting review, with copious extracts,
of Ellwood's Autobiography, will be found in the London
Retrospec. Rev., xiii. 109. Ellwood was a man of the
most exemplary character.
Ellyot, George. A verie true Report of the Appre-
hension and taking of that Arche Papiste Edmond Cam-
pion, Lon., 1581, 8vo.
Ellys, Anthony, 1693-1761, Preb.of Gloucester, 1725;
Bishop of St. David's, 1752. Plea for the Sacramental
Test, Lon., 1736, 4to: 1790, Sro. Serms. pub. separately,
1749, '54, '58, 59, '67. Remarks on David Hume's Essay
on Miracles, 1752, 4to. Tracts on the Spiritual and Tem-
poral Liberty of the subjects in England, 1763-65, 4to;
new ed., 1767, 4to.
Ellys, or Ellis, Sir Richard, d. 1742, M.P.,1715-34,
grandson of Hampden, was eminent for his knowledge of
Hebrew, Greek, and Biblical autiquities. Fortuita Sacra,
quibus subjicitur commentarius de Cymbalis; Rotterd.,
1727, Svo, anon.
It contains illustrations of twenty-four passages of Scripture,
which incidentally occurred to the author. and which discover
very considerable critical talents and great acquaintance with the
languages of the Bible."--Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Ellys, Tobias. The Kingdom of God, Lon.,1678, Svo.
Ellyson, Thomas. The Shepherd's Letters, Lon.,
1646, 4to.
Elmes, James, Architect, b. 1782. 1. New Churches,
1818, Svo. 2. Memoirs of the Life and Works of Sir Chris-
topher Wren, Lon., 1823, 4to, 3. Improvements of Prisons.
4. Lectures on Architecture, 1823. Svo. 5. School of the
Fine Arts, 1825, 3 vols. 8vo. 6. Genl. and Bibliog. Dict.
of the Fine Arts, 1826. Svo. 8. Ecclesiastical and Civil
Dilapidations, &c., 3d ed., 1829, Svo. 7. Architectural
Jurisprudence, 1827, Svo.
Elmham, Thomas de. Vita et Gesta Henrici Quinti
Anglorum Regis; cum Prefatione et Notis Th. Hearne,
Oxon., 1727, 8vo.
·
"These publications established bis fame throughout Europe an
a judicious critic and consummate master of the Greek language.
See Obituary Notice in Lon. Gent. Mag.. April. 1825.
Robert Southey was warmly attached to Dr. Elmsley,
and had a high opinion of his attainments:
"The Edinburgh Reviewers I like well as companions. and think
little of as any thing else. Elmsley has more knowledge and a
sounder mind than any or all of them. I could learn more from
him in a day than they could all teach me in a year. Elms-
ley, I am sorry to say, is fatter than ever he was: he is one of my
•
4
most intimate and valuable friends. . . . Do you remember Elms-
ley at Oxford-the fattest under-graduate in your time and mine?
He is at Naples, superintending the unrolling the Herculaneum
manuscripts, by Davy's process. at the expense of the Prince Re-
gent-I should say of George IV. The intention is, that Elmsley
shall ascertain, as soon as a beginning is made of one of the rolls,
whether it shall be proceeded with or laid aside, in hope of finding
Something better, till the whole have been inspected." See Sou-
they's Life and Correspondence.
Elmore, H. M. Brit. Mariner's Directory and Guide
o the Indian and China Seas, Lon.. 1802, 4to.
Elmslev, Peter, D.D., 1773-1825, educated at West-
1. A Poet.
of Parl., Scotland, rel. to army ag. Irish Papists, 1641.
Elphinston, Lord Balmerino. His Speech in Ct.
Elphinston,James,1721-1809,a nativeof Edinburgh,
was for many years the head of a celebrated school at Ken-
sington, near London. Dr. Johnson esteemed him highly,
and during his residence at Edinburgh he superintended
Version of Racine's Redemption, 1753. 2. Fr. and Eng.
an edit. of The Rambler, pub. in 8 vols. 12mo.
Languages, 1756, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. Education; a Poem,
1763, Svo. 4. Apology for the Monthly Review, 1763, Svo.
5. Collec. of Poems for Youth, &c., 1764, Svo. 6. Eng.
Language, 1765, 2 vols. 12mo. Abridged, 1765, Svo.
7. Verses, 1768, fol. 8. Poetæ Sententiosi, Latini, &c.,
in orthography, which he contended should be guided by
1794, 12mo. Elphinston was a zealous advocate of a change
the pronunciation, &c. He had already given some speci-
mens of his "improvements," but in a (9) trans. of Mar-
tial, 1782, 4to, be carried the system out to a greater extent:
The specimens formerly published did very well to laugh at; but
"Elphinston's Martial is just come to hand. It is truly an unique.
a whole quarto of nonsense and gibberish is too much. It is
strange that a man not wholly illiterate should have lived so long
in England, without learning the language.”—Dr. Ballie to Sir
Wm. Forbes.
Nothing dismayed by public ingratitude, in 1786, 2 vols.
Svo, Elphinston gave to the world an explanation of his
system, under the title of (10) Propriety ascertained in ber
Picture. This he followed by (11) English Orthography
Epitomized, (12) Proprietie's Pocket Dictionary, and (13)
in Proze and Verse, between Geniusses or boath Sexes,
Fifty Years' Correspondence, Inglish, French, and Lattin,
and James Elphinston, 1794, S vols. 12mo. An interest-
ing memoir of this worthy man will be found in Nichols's
Literary Anecdotes, from the pen of one already honour-
ably noticed in these pages.
Mr. Nichols tells us-
"My account of this singular but truly worthy man shall he
1809 by R. C. Dallas, Esq., one of his grateful pupils."—Lit. Anec.,
abridged from a memoir of him, which was presented to me in
iii. 30.
Elmer, J. Weights and Measures, Lon., 1759.
Elmer, Joseph. Practice in Lunacy. Lon., 1844, 12mo.
Elphinston, James. Animadversions upon Ele-
Elmer, L. Q. C. A Digest of the Laws of New Jer-ments of Criticism; with an App. on Scotticisms, Lon.,
sey. Bridgeton, 1838, 8vo.
1771, Sro.
"From Mr. Dallas's situation as a pupil of Mr. Elphinston's, he
had the honour of being presented to Dr. Jortin, Dr. Franklin, of
Philadelphia, and Dr. Johuson; a triumvirate not easily matched.”
-Uli supra.
See also Forbes's Life of Beattie, and Boswell's Life of
Dr. Johnson.
Elphinston, Wm., b. 1431 or 1437, d. 1514, Bishop
of Ross, trans. to Aberdeen, 1484, wrote a book of canons,
some lives of Scotch saints, and the history of Scotland
from the rise of the nation to his own time. The last is
now in the Fairfax MSS. in the Bodleian Library.
Elphinstone, Hon. Mountstuart. 1. An Account
of the Kingdom of Cabul, and its dependencies in Tartary,
Persia, and India, Lon., 1815, 4to; 2d ed., 1839, 2 vols.
Svo: 3d ed., 1842, 2 vols. 8vo.
"The interest and value of this work arises more from the sub
ject of it, than from the manner in which it is executed; respect-
ing such countries. however, as Cabul, and others as little known
and remote, we are glad of all accessions of information."-Steven.
son's Voyages and Travels.
“There are not many regions of the Globe of which the history
315
·
ELR
ELT
ni geography are less known than those of the country which is
the subject of Mr. Elphinstone's important and distinguished
Į
work.”—Edin. Review.
"The IIon. Mr. Elphinstone's Cabul is a work which places its
author in the first rank of historians and travellers in the East.
Most earnestly do I recommend the hook of Mr. Elphinstone
every library of any pretension to a Collection of Voyages and
fravels."-Dibdin's Library Companion.
This work, of much interest on many accounts, contains the
description of a systematized patriarchal system, which. in history
at least, is carried out by division and subdivision, from the king,
through a variety of larger and lesser divisions, tribes, and clans,
to the last head of a single family, such as probably exists nowhere
else."-Lieber's Essays on Property and Labour,
2. A History of India: the Hindoo and Mohammedan
Periods, 1841, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1843; 3d ed., 1848, Svo.
“Mr. Elphinstone's work will, we trust, be eminently useful,
and tend to dispel much of that confusion, prejudice, and apathy,
which still linger in the minds even of many highly-educated per-
sons on the subject of Ancient India.”—Lon. Quar. Keview.
"A work of the greatest authority and learning; one of the
latest and most valuable works on the Eastern Empire."-The late
Sir Robt. Peel, in the House of Commons.
·
Elrington, John Battersby. Confessions in Ely-Denver Sluice, Camb., 1779, 4to.
sium; from the German of Wieland, 1803, 3 vols.
Elrington, Thomas, D.D., d. 1835, a native of Ire-
land, obtained a scholarship in the University of Dublin,
1778; elected Fellow, 1781; first Donellan Lecturer, 1794;
Profess. of Mathemat., 1795; Rector of Ardtree, Tyrone,
1806; Provost of Trin. Coll., Dublin, 1811; Bishop of
Limerick, 1820; trans. to Leighlin and Ferns, 1822.
Serms. at the Donellan Lecture, &c., Dubl., 1796, Svo.
Reflec. rel. to Dr. Milner, 1809, Svo. The Validity of
English Ordination Established, 1809, 8vo. An edit. of
Euclid, with Notes, (new ed., 1847, fp. Svo.) now the text-
book in the Dublin University, and an edit. of Juvenal,
with Notes, critical and explanatory.
Elsam, Richard. Rural Architecture, 1803, 4to.
Designs for Peasant's Cottages, 1816, r. 4to.
Elsdale, Rev. Samuel. Death, Judgment, Heaven,
and Hell, a Poem; with Hymns and other Poems, 1812,
8vo; 3d ed., 1813.
Else, Miss Anne. Lays of Caruth and other Poems,
Else, Joseph, Surgeon, Hydrocele, &c., Lon., 1770,
8vo. Con. to Med. Obs. and Ing., 1787. Works, with App.
by G. Vaux, 1782, 8vo.
Else, R. Income Act explained, 1804.
Elsley, Rev. J., Vicar of Burenston, near Bedale.
Annotations on the Four Gospels, Lon., 1799, 2 vols. 8vo;
2d ed., with Annotations on the Acts, 1812, 3 vols. Svo;
3d ed., 1821, 3 vols. Svo; 1824, 3 vols. 8vo; 6th ed., 1827,
3 vols. 8vo; 7th ed., 1838, 2 vols. 8vo; 8th ed., 1841, 2 vols.
Svo; 1844; 9th ed., 1844, Svo. This excellent work was
pub. anonymously. It is commended by Bishops Lloyd,
Van Mildert, Summer, and others.
"As a compilation, it is a very respectable work, and fitted to be
useful to the junior students of the New Testament, or those who
cannot purchase many critical books."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Elsley is a convenient compendium for students."-Bicker-
stoth's C. S.
"Altogether we say without the smallest reserve, we never saw
a book more admirably adapted for the use of students, more credit-
able to an author's sagacity, diligence, and erudition, or more
likely to make the investigation of the New Testament easy and
agreeable.”—British Critic.
In 1816, 2 vols. 8vo, the Rev. James Halle pub. Annota-
tions on the Epistles, being a Continuation of Mr. Elsley's
Annot. on the Gospel and Acts.
Elsly, Wm., Preb. of York. Serm., 1732.
Elslyot, Thomas. The Lamb taking the Wolf, Lon.,
1652, 8vo. The True Mariner and his Pixis Nautica, 1652,
8vo.
Elstob, Wm., 1673–1714, a native of Newcastle, edu
cnted at Eton, and Catharine Hall, Camb., and subsequently
at Queen's Coll., Oxf.; Fellow of University Coll., 1696;
Rector of St. Swithin, and St. Mary Bothaw, London, 1702.
Mr. Elstob, like his sister Elizabeth, was deeply versed in
Saxon learning.
Saxon learning. 1. A trans. into Latin of the Saxon
Homily of Lupus, with Notes by Dr. Hickes, 1701. 2. Trans.
into English of Sir John Cheke's Latin version of Plutarch,
printed at the end of Strype's Life of Cheke. 3. An edit.
of Ascham's Latin Letters, Oxf., 1703. 4. An Essay on
the great Affinity and mutual Agreement between the two
professions of Law and Divinity, with a Preface by Dr.
Hickes, Lon., Svo. 5. Serm., 1704, 4to. 6. Serm., 1704,
4to. 7. Homily of St. Gregory's Day, 1709, Svo. Saxon
Laws, with great additions, and a new Latin version by
Somner, &c., begun by Elstob, and completed by David
Wilkins, D.D., 1721, fol. See Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes
and Biog. Brit.
Elstob, Wm., Rector of Sheldon. Serm., 1811, 4to.
Elstobb, W. 1. Navigation between Clayhithe and
2. Hist. account of Bed-
ford Level, &c., Lynn, 1793, Svo. 3. On Rivers.
Elston, J. Serm., 1681, 4to.
Elsmere, Sloane, D.D., Rector of Chelsea. Serms.,
Lon., 1787, 2 vols. 8vo. Recommended by the Rev. Samuel
Clapham.
Elson, Jane. Romance of the Castle, 1799, 2 vols.
12mo. The Village Romance; a Novel, 1802, 2 vols.
Elstob. Trip to Kilkenny, Lon., 1778, 12mo.
Elstob, Elizabeth, sister of Win. Elstob, 1683-1756,
was celebrated for her knowledge of the Saxon tongue.
1. An English Saxon Homily on St. George's Day, with a
modern English version and Notes, and an Appendix. The
same Homily in Latin by Wm. Elstob, Lon., 1709, Svo.
New ed., (part of the Preface omitted,) 1839, 8vo. 2. Trans.
of Madame Scudery's Essay on Glory. 3. The Rudiments
of Grammar for the English Saxon Tongue, 1715, 4to.
4. Saxon Homilies, Oxf., fol. These were designed as a
specimen of a Saxon Homilarium, with an English trans.,
notes, &c. Some testimonies of a number of learned men
in favour of this project were pub. by Bowyer in 1713.
See Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes; Biog. Brit.; and Harleian
MSS. Mrs. Elstob was an excellent linguist.
Elstrack, R. 28 Portraits of the Kings and Queens
See Bromley's Engraved British Portraits, 1793. 4to.
of England. Reprinted in Martin's Chron., 1631, fol., &c.
Elsum, John. 1. Epigram upon the Paintings of
Eminent Mastors by J. E., Lon., 1700, Svo. Erroneously
attributed to John Evelyn. 2. Art of Painting after the
Italian Manner, 1704, 8vo.
Elsynge, Henry, 1598-1654, Clerk of the House of
2. Passing Bills in Parliament, 1656, Svo. 3. The ancient
Commons. 1. State of the Kingdom; probably not his.
Manner and Method of holding Parliaments in England,
Lon., 1660, '63, '79, Svo. Best ed., with addits. from the
author's MS., 1767, 12mo. 4. Several Treatises of Parlia-
ment, 1703, 12mo.
"Mr. Henry Elsynge, late clerk of the Parliament, was, in my
...
judgment, the best I ever knew to take the sense of the House
and put it in apt terms. He was an excellent scholar-had the
Italian, French, and Latin languages-a very honest and ingenious
man, and fitter for a much better employment than to be clerk of
Parliament. . . . He was in great and deserved favour of the House
of Commons, and gave over his place because he would not meddle
in the trial about the king. He often invited Mr. Selden and me
together to his house and to dinners, where we had great cheer
and greater learning in excellent discourse, whereof himself bore
a chief part. I was the more frequent with him, being god-father
to one of his sons, and Mr. Selden the other god-father, which
brought us two the oftener together to see our god-son; and even
in these I gained very much of knowledge froni the most learned
and rational discourses of Mr. Selden."-WITELOCKE: Journal of
the Swedish Embassy, 1772, 2 vols. 4to, vol. ii. p. 426.
Elton, Rev. Sir Abraham. Letter to Thomas Bere,
occasioned by his attack on Mrs. Hannah More, Lon.,
1800, Svo.
Elton, Charles Abraham. 1. Poems, 1804, Svo.
2. Trans. into English Verse of the Remains of Hesiod,
1809, Svo.
"Upon the whole, we are disposed to give Mr. Elton credit for
considerable skill in versification. Indeed, though his translation
is close, sometimes too close for perspicuity. it seems at least equal
to the original. His blank verse, in which he excels more than in
the couplet. is of a good structure; bearing a general, but not ser-
vile, resemblance to Milton, with a little cast of some of the daring
expletives of Cowper."-Elin. Rev., xv. 109-118.
3. Tales of Romance, with other Poems, Lon., 1810, 8vo.
from Homer to Tryphiodorus. Trans. into English verse,
4. Specimens of the Classic Poets in Chronological Series
and illustrated with Biog. and Crit. Notices, 1814, 3 vols.
and 27 Latin poets.
This valuable work contains passages from 33 Greek
A beautiful edit. was pub. in Phila-
delphia by F. Bell, 1854, 3 vols. 8vo.
Svo.
"His success is very unequal: many specimens are, in a high
degree, brilliant and spirited. while others are cold, stiff, and lag-
ging. In general, we like him better in rhyme than in blank
verse, though the arguments in behalf of the latter measure in
Upon
his Preface inay show that he is of a different opinion.
the whole. these specimens do considerable credit to Mr. Elton's
fluency in speaking the language of poetry."-Lon. Quar. Review,
..
xiii. 151-158.
•
Elton, Edward, Minister of St. Mary Magdalen's,
Bermondsey. 1. Exposition of the Epistle to the Colos-
sians, in sundry Serms., Lon., 1615,4to; 2d ed., 1620, '37,fol.
"Both these Expositions Byfield's and Elton's] have much
spiritual instruction.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
2. Expos. of the 7th Chap. of the Romans, in divers
Serms., 1618, 4to.
"An excellent Puritan Exposition.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
"Elton on Colossians is a work rich in matter, dressed in the
plain and somewhat unpopular language of its day.... The work
on Romans is nearly on the same plan and of similar charactor "...
Williams's C. P.
1
656
ELT
EME
3. Expos. of 6 of the Commandments, 1619, 8vo. 4. Expos.
of, or Serms. on, the 8th chap. of Romans, 1623, 4to. Other
works.
Elton, Richard, Lt. Col. Complete Body of the
Military Art and Gunnery, Lon., 1650, '58, fol.
Elton, Romeo, D.D., a native of Connecticut, grad.
at Brown University, 1812: Prof. of Ancient Languages in
same Institution from 1825 to '43, and has since resided in
England. Besides several published sermons, he edited
Callender's Century Sermon, with copious Notes and Bio-
graphical Sketches; The Works of President Maxey, with
Memoir, N.Y., 1844, 8vo; Biographical Sketch of Roger
Williams, pub, in Lon.
Eltringham, Wm. 1. The Baptist against the
Baptist, Lon., 1756, Svo. 2. Remarks on The Baptists'
Vindic., 1757, 8vo.
Elven, J. P. Heraldry, Lon., 1815, 12mo.
Elviden, Edmund. The Closet of Counsells, con-
teining the aduice of dyuers wyse Philosophers, Lon.,
1569, Svo.
Elwell, Wm. Odell. New and Complete American
Dictionary of Eng. and German, N. York, 12mo. Highly
commended by competent authorities.
Elwes, Robert. A Sketcher's Tour round the World,
with 21 Illustrations, Lon., 1854, r. Svo.
..
Pleasanter reading, we repeat, need not be offered than our
Sketcher brings."-Lon. Alhenaum.
Elwin, Fountain, Vicar of Temple, Bristol, and one
of the ministers of the Octagon. Serms. preached at the
Octagon Chapel, Bath, Lon., 1st series, 1842, 12mo; 2d
series, 1849, 12mo. Other theolog, works.
i
Ellwood, Mrs. (A. K.) Col. 1. Narrative of a Jour-
ney Overland from England to India, &c., 1825-28. Lon.,
1830, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Memoirs of the Literary Ladies of
England from the Commencement of the Last Century,
1842. 2 vols. p. 8vo: 1848.
"A work of great merit. The first biography is that of Lady
Mary Wortley Montagu: the last that of Mrs. Maclean. better
known as Miss Landon: it thus comprises our Blue Stockings
from the commencement of the last century down to the present.
Each biography is marked by good taste and excellent judgment."
-John Bull.
Elworthy, John. Serm., Lou.. 1753, Svo.
Ely, Ezra Styles, D.D., of Philadelphia, assistant
editor, in conjunction with Wm. McCorkle and the Rev.
Gregory T. Bedell, of a Collateral Bible, or Key to the
Holy Scriptures, Phila., 1826-28, 3 vols. 4to.
"These volumes comprise the Old Testament. The correspond-
ing texts are brought together in one view, and arranged in a
familiar and easy manner.”—Lowndes's Brit. Librarian.
Memoirs of his Father, the Rev. Zebulon Ely. Mental
Science. Visits of Mercy. Sermons on Faith.
Ely, Henry, D.D. Fast Serm., Lon., 1804.
Ely, Humphrey. Certaine briefe Notes upon a briefe
Apology set out under the name of the Priests united to
the Arch-Priest, 1603, Svo. Written against Father Par-
sons, or Persons, and often quoted by Wood.
Ely, John, a Dissenting minister at Rochdale.
ter Lectures; illus. of Divine Dispensation, Lon., 1833, Svo.
"This volume is distinguished by a character of deep and patient
research. and by an extraordinary force, both of sentiment and
style.”—Lon. Evangel. Mag.
Other works. See his Posthumous Works, with a Me-
moir, by Hamilton, 1848, Svo.
Ely, Zebulon, minister of Lebanon, Conn., d. about
1824. Serm. at the Election, 1804; on the death of Gov.
Trumbull, 1809; before the County Foreign Mission So-
ciety, 1815.
His memoirs were pub. by his son, EZRA
STYLES ELY, q. v.
Elyot, Sir Thomas, Knt., d. 1546, educated at St.
Mary's Hall, Oxford, was employed by Henry VIII. on
several embassies. He was noted for extensive and pro-
found learning. The Governor, Lon., 1531, Svo. Many eds.
"Sir Thomas Elyot's Governor was designed to instruct men.
especially great men, in good morals, and to reprove their vices."
-STRYPE.
This book was a great favourite with Henry VIII. The
Castell of Health, 1534, Sro. Many eds. Dictionarium,
Latin and English, 1538, fol. A Defence or Apology for
Good Women, 1545, Svo. Bibliotheca Eliotæ, 1541, fol.
We have already spoken of this work, and various editions,
in our article COOPER, THOMAS, q. v. Bankette of Sapience,
1542, Svo. Education of Children.
Education of Children. De Rebus Memora-
bilibus Angliæ :
"For the completing of which he had perused many old English
Embury, Mrs. Emma C., a daughter of James K.
Manley, M.D., of New York, was married in 1828 to Mr.
Daniel Embury, now of Brooklyn. She has attained con-
siderable distinction both in the walks of poetry and prose.
"IANTHE" was a favourite signature with magazine readers
long before the real name of the author was made public.
Many of these early compositions have since been gathered
and given to the world in a collective form. Mrs. Embury's
first volume was entitled (1) Guido and other Poems. She
has since pub. 2. Constance Latimer, or the Blind Girl, and
other Tales. 3. Pictures of Early Life. 4. Glimpses of
Home. 5. Nature's Gems, or American Wild Flowers; a
collection of Poems, 1846. 6. Love's Token-flowers; a
collec. of Poems. 7. The Waldorf Family, or Grandfa-
ther's Legends; a fairy tale of Brittany, partly a trans.
and partly original.
ince her marriage she has given to the public more prose thaa
verse. but the former is characterized by the same romantic spirit
founded upon a just observation of life, although not a few are
which is the essential beauty of poetry. Many of her tales are
equally remarkable for attractive invention. In point of style
they often possess the merit of graceful and pointed diction, and
the lessons they inculcate are invariably of a pure moral tendency."
-Griswolds Female Ports of America.
Every page seems replete with interest, both of things old and
new, rare and well-known. We cheerfully recommend such a trea-
tise as this to the friends of Horticulture: feeling that the style
and manner in which the subject is treated will be peculiarly in
teresting."-Horey's Magazine of Horticulture.
Several of Mr. Emerson's Lectures upon Education have
been pub., and he has contributed a number of articles to
the North American Review and the Christian Examiner.
Emerson, Gouverneur, M.D., of Philadelphia. The
Farmer's and Planter's Encyclopædia of Rural Affairs, by
Cuthbert W. Johnson. Adapted to the United States by G.
E.. Phila., 1853, Svo. See JOHNSON, CUTHBERT W. Dr.
Emerson has contributed very extensively to the agricul-
tural journals of the U.S. His medical writings consist
Win-chiefly of extensive contributions upon the subject of rital
statistics, including the mortality, births, and changes in
the population of Philadelphia from 1808 to 32; show-
ing, among other things, the excessive mortality of males
during childhood, and its causes. Effects of Depressing
Influences in Changing the Proportions of the Sexes at
Birth. See Amer. Jour. of Med. Sciences, 1827, 31, 48.
Emerson, James. See TENNENT, SIR JAMES EM-
monuments."
Other works and trans. from the Latin and Greck. See
Biog. Brit.; Strype's Eccles. Memorials; Herbert's Ames;
Bayle, in art. Encolpius; Athen. Oxon.; Brit. Bibl.
Elys, Edmund. See ELLIS.
See Hart's Female Prose-Writers of America; Mrs. Hale's
Woman's Record.
Emerson, Frederick, 1789-1857, a successful
teacher in Boston for many years, author of Emerson's
well-known Arithmetics.
Emerson, George Barrett, teacher and naturalist,
was born in 1797, at Kennebunk, then Wells, in York co.,
Maine, graduated at Harvard Coll. in 1817, A.A.S. For
several years he was President of the Boston Soc'y of Nat.
History, and Chairman of the Commissioners for the Zoo-
logical and Botanical Survey of Massachusetts. Mr. Emer-
for more than forty years, thirty-four of which were spent
son has been a teacher in colleges, academies, and schools
the Schoolmaster," of which Bp. Potter wrote the first part,
in Boston. He wrote the second part of The School and
12mo. pp. 552, N. York, 1842. A copy of this work was
placed in every school in N. York and Massachusetts.
Report on the Trees and Shrubs growing naturally in the
forests of Massachusetts, Boston, 1846, pp. 535, Svo, 17
plates.
**
!
A
ERSON.
Emerson, Joseph, 1700-1767, minister of Malden,
Mass. Serms. &c., 1727, 35, 38, '47.
Emerson, Joseph, 1777-1833, of Beverly, Mass.
Miscellanies in Education.
Emerson, John Swift. Proceedings Ct. of Exche-
quer in Ireland, in case of Johnson, 1805, Svo.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, the son of a Unitarian
minister of Boston, graduated at Harvard College in 1821,
being then about 18 years of age. After some attention
to theological studies, he was ordained minister of the
Second Unitarian Church of Boston; but this connexion
was soon sundered, in consequence of some peculiarity in
the views of the preacher. He now retired to Concord,
and soon became absorbed in those investigations in men-
tal and moral philosophy of which the results have been
from time to time communicated to the world.
An oration entitled Man Thinking, delivered before the
Phi Beta Kappa in 1837, and an address to the senior class
of the Divinity College, Cambridge, in 1838, attracted con-
siderable attention; which no doubt encouraged Mr. Em-
erson to address the public through the medium of the
press. In 1838 he pub. Literary Ethics, an Oration, which
was followed in the next year by Nature, an Essay. In
557
EME
ENF
a Memoir by his son, was pub. in 1746, 3 vols. 8vo. See
a notice of some of his works in Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Though his writings are, perhaps, not now so much read as
and have a number of admirers. Our author was what is called a
high Arian; believing our blessed Saviour to be the first of derived
Beings, the Creator of the World, and an object of worship.”—Dr.
KIPPIS, in Bicg. Brit.
Emmerick, A., Lt. Col. 1. Culture of Forests, Lon.,
1789, Svo. 2. Light Troops to an Army, 1789, 12mo.
Emmerton, Isaac. Culture and Management of the
Auricola, &c., Lon., 1816.
Emmet, Thomas Addis, 1764-1827, a native of
Cork, was admitted to the Dublin Bar in 1791. Becoming
a leader among the "United Irishmen," he was obliged to
emigrate to the Continent, after suffering imprisonment,
1810 he commenced the publication of The Dial, a maga-
zine devoted to the discussion of mooted points in litera-
ture, philosophy, and history. This periodical was con-
tinued for four years. In 1841 he pub. The Method of they formerly were, they still continue to be held in reputation,
Nature, an Oration; Man the Reformer, an Oration; a
lecture upon some peculiarities of the age; three Lectures
on the Times, and the first series of his Essays. In 1844
he pub. lectures on N. England Reformers, the Young
American, and Negro Emancipation in the West Indies,
and the Second Series of his Essays. He subsequently
delivered lectures on Swedenborg, Napoleon, New Eng-
land, and other subjects. In 1846 he pub. a volume of
Pucis. He visited England for the second time in 1849,
(his first visit was paid we believe about 1825,) and deli-
vered a series of lectures, which were subsequently pub.
in a volume under the title of Representative Men.
1852, in conjunction with Mr. W. H. Channing and J. F.
Clarke, he pub. The Memoirs of Margaret Fuller, and in 1856,
he pub. English Traits. He has also contrib. to N. Amer. Rev.
and the Chris. Exam. Works, uniform ed., 6 vols. ; Essays, 2
vols.; Nature, Addresses, and Lects., 1 vol.; Representative
Men, 1 vol.; English Traits, I vol.; Poems, 1 vol. See reviews
in West. Rev., Xxxiii.; Blackw. Mag., lxii., Ixiv.; Eclec.
Rev., 4th Ser., xii., xxxi.; Chris. Exam., xxx., (C. C. Fel-
ton,) xxxviii., (F. H. Hedge,) xlii., xlviii., (both by C. A.
Bartol;) Amer. Whig Rev., i., vi.; Brownson's Quarterly
Review, 2d Ser., i.; Christian Review, xv.; Princeton
Review, xiii. Democratic Review, i., xvi.; New Eng-
lander, viii.; Southern Literary Messenger, xiii.; Eclectic
Magazine, xiii., xviii.; Living Age, iv., xvi., xvii., (G. Gil-
fillan,) xxiii., xxiv., xxvi.
In
and in 1804 arrived in New York. Here he was admitted
to the bar, and in 1812 was appointed Attorney General
of the State. He died of an attack of apoplexy in 1827.
He wrote, whilst in prison in Scotland, a work pub. in New
York in 1807, entitled Pieces of Irish History, illustrativo
of the condition of the Catholics of Ireland. He was a
brother of Robert Emmet, executed for treason in 1803,
and of Christopher Temple Emmet, a distinguished lawyer
of Dublin. See Memoirs of Thomas Addis Emmet, by
Charles Glidden Haynes; with a Biog. Notice of Mr.
Haynes, Lon., 1829, 12mo; and a Sketch of the character
of Emmet by the late Judge Story, in his Miscel. Writings,
S04-807.
|
"That he had great qualities as an orator cannot be doubted by
any one who has heard him. His mind possessed a good deal of
the fervour which characterizes his countrymen. It was quick,
vigorous, searching, and buoyant. He kindled as he spoke.
There was a spontaneous combustion as it were, not sparkling, but
clear and glowing. His rhetoric was never florid; and his diction,
though select and pure, seemed the common dress of his thoughts,
as they arose, rather than any studied effort at ornament."-JUDGE
STORY, ubi supra.
|
"We suspect that Emerson is not known in this country as he
deserves to be. With some who have heard his name coupled with
that of Carlyle, he passes for a sort of echo or double of the Eng-
lish writer. A more independent and originai thinker can nowhere
in this age be found. This praise must at all events be awarded
him. And even in America-which has not the reputation of gene-
rally overlooking or underrating the merits of her own children—
we understand that the reputation of Emerson is by no means
what it ought to be; and many critics there who are dissatisfied
with merely imitative talent, and demand a man of genius of their
own, are not aware that he stands there amongst them.”—Black-
wool's Magazine, lxiv. 643, &c.
Emmett, J. B. Heat; Annals of Phil., 1817.
Emmons, Nathaniel, D.D., 1745-1840, CCXI.
Serms.. with Life by Dr. J. Ide, N. York. 1842, 6 vols. r.
| Svo. These vols. contain upwards of 220 sermons.
↓
|
One of the most eminent, original, and able preachers of his
time." See Chris. Exam., xxxiii. 169; Am. Bib. Rep., 2d s., viii.
314, x. 352; Princeton Rev., xiv. 520.
Emmot, G., of Durham. A Northern Blast; or, the
Spiritual Quaker converted, Lon., 1655, 4to.
Emory, W. H., Major U.S. Army, b. in Queen Anne's
co., Md.
1. Notes of a Military Reconnoissance in Mis-
souri and California, N. York, 1848, Svo. 2. Notes of
Travel in California; from the Official Reports of Colonel
Frémont and Major Emory, N.Y., Svo.
"This work contains a map of the United States, Mexico, and
California, together with a sectional map, on a large scale, of the
Gold-Regions, and is replete with interest."
3. Report of the U.S. and Mexican Boundary-Com-
mission, Washington, 4to. An elaborate work.
“We warn admirers of this writer against a doctrine which
tampers with the difference between right and wrong. There must
be such a difference: it deeply concerns every man who presumes
to teach the public to hold fast by it. . . . No! the doctrine which
Mr. Emerson, and many men like-minded. are compassing sea and
land to propagate, is not true; the cultivated intellect, the imagina-
tion, the conscience, the heart, unite in the disclaimer. There is
a deeper philosophy than this, a nobler poetry, a manlier morality,
a stronger stimulant, a sweeter solace; and our readers need not
now be told where these are to be found. . . . His ethics are as des-
titute of authority as his poetry is of life and his philosophy of
wisdom."-British Quarterly Review.
…….
(
"It is better. we think, for a man to tell his story as Mr. Irving,
Mr. Hawthorne. or Mr. Longfellow does, than to adopt the style
Emersonian-in which thoughts may be buried so deep that com-
mon seekers shall be unable to find them. Geoffrey Crayon's' ele-
gance and polish do not imply want of life or the absence of hu-
mour. His fancies are ideal, not typographical. They do not
consist of verbs for nouns-or full stops barring the way when the
reader desires to go on,-of tumid epithets, which arrest by their
strangeness, not their appositeness.-of foreign idioms and forms,
introduced (it may not be uncharitable to divine) by way of ap-
prizing the public that the writer is versed in Italian, French, or
German.”—Lon. Athenæum, Feb. 17, 1855, 192.
Emms, Robert. Gospel Dispensation, Lon., 1732, 4to.
Enderbie, Percy. Cambria Triumphans; or, Bri
tain in its perfect Lustre, from the first of their Princes to
Charles I., Lon., 1661, fol. Being a History of Wales.
Lord Essex's copy, £30 98.; Heathcote's, £29 188. Ed.;
Montolieu's, £32 11s. Reprinted, Lon., 1810, fol.
See an
analysis of this work in Savage's Librarian, ii. 49-74.
"As for Enderbie, who was an author of no considerable note,
Emerson, T. Courts of Law of London, Lon., 1794, Svo. as having not had that just education which is requisite for a
Emerson, Wm., 1701-1782, an eminent mathemati-genuine historian. he hath done his work but very meanly, being
cian, was a native of IIurworth, near Darlington, England. which curious men desire to know."-Athen. Oxon., Bliss's ed., iii.
mostly a scribble from late authors. and gives not that satisfaction
He pub. many treatises upon natural philosophy, astrono- 710.
my, and various branches of mathematics; for a list of
which see Biog. Brit.
Emerson, Wm., 1769-1811, a minister of Boston,
Mass., pub. several serms., theolog. treatises, &c., 1794-
JSOS. After his death was pub. his sketch of the history
of the first church in Boston, with 2 serms., 1812, Svo.
.Emersone, John. The World's Prospect; or, a Com-
mentary upon Isa. xxiii. 14, Lon., 1646, 12mo.
Emes, Thomas. Alkali and Acid, Lon., 1609, 8vo.
Atheist turned Deist, 1699, Svo. Predictions, 1707, 4to.
Emlyn, Henry. Propositions for a New Order of
Architecture, Lon., 1782, fol.
Emlyn, Thomas, 1663–1743, a learned English di-
vine, a native of Lincolnshire, attracted great attention by
his championship of Arianism. In explanation of his
sentiments, he pub. at Dublin, where he had been stationed,
an Humble Inquiry into the Scripture Account of Jesus
Christ, or a short argument concerning his Deity and
Glory, according to the Gospel. This led to his prosecu-
tion and imprisonment. He wrote a number of other con-
"An excellent work, formed upon an admirable plan, and exe-
troversial tracts, a list of which will be found in Biog. Brit.,cuted with great accuracy and judgment. This performance will
and Watt's Bibl. Brit. A collective ed. of his Works, with be particularly useful to those who compose sermons, as it wil
"Its intrinsic worth in respect to its contents is not very great."
-Sage's Librarian, ii. 50.
Yet so scarce had the original folio become, that a year
before it was reprinted the same authority informs us,
is difficult to be procured for much less than forty guineas.”
"At present I believe that a good copy, bound in Russia leather
The same vol. (original) is now (1855) worth perhaps
£3 to £5 108. In good condition and binding.
Endress, Rev. Dr., Lutheran pastor. Christi Regi-
ment mit weltlicher Monarchie und Aristocratie unverein-
bar, 1791, 12mo; also posthumous Sermons published in
Lutheran Preacher and Pulpit.
↓
Enfield, Wm., LL.D., 1741-1797, a Socinian divine,
a native of Sudbury, Suffolk, minister of a congregation
at Liverpool, 1763; teacher of the dissenting academy at
Warrington, 1770-83, when it was dissolved; minister of
a congregation at Norwich, 1783-97. Serms., Prayers,
Selection of Hymns, &c., 1768-95. The Preacher's Di-
1775, 9 vols. 12mo; 1782, 4to.
rectory; an arrangement of topics and texts, 1771, 4to;
M8
ENF
ENG
Iramediately furnish them with a variety of texts on every sub-
ject, many of which are selected and applied with great taste and
Ingenuity. We will venture to recommend it to every preacher as
the best book of its kind tha; has ever been published.”—Lon.
Critical Review.
Essay towards a Hist. of Liverpool, from papers of Geo.
Perry, and other materials, 1773, fol. Literary Property,
1774, 4to. The Speaker, 1775, 8vo. A very good collection
of prose and poetry. New ed., 1850, 12mo. By Rev. J.
Pycroft, 1851, 12mo. Elocution, 1780, 12mo. Natural
Philosophy, 1783, 4to; 1799, 4to. The History of Philo-
sophy from the earliest periods to the beginning of the
present century, drawn up from Brucker's Historia Critica
Philosophiæ, 1791, 2 vols. 4to; 1819, 2 vols. 8vo. New ed.,
1840, 8vo, pp. 670. Brucker's great work was pub. in 6
large 4to vols., Leipsic, 1742-44. A new ed., with large
addits. and improvements, appeared in 6 vols. 4to, Leipsic,
1767. The author had previously pub. an abridgment in
1765, large Svo. Enfield's work is an abridgment of the
best edit., 6 vols. 4to, which comprises about 6000 closely-
printed pages. The value of Brucker's work is well known.
Whether entitled to Enfield's enthusiastic eulogy, it must
be left to learned inquirers in the same field to decide:
"A vast magazine of important facts, collected with indefatigable
industry, digested with admirable perspicuity of method, and writ-
ten with every appearance of candour and impartiality. . . . His
work bears throughout such evident marks of diligent attention,
cool judgment, and freedom from prejudice, as justly to entitle his
opinions to no small degree of respect; but as far as concerns facts,
perhaps no historian ever had a better claim to confidence. No
candid reader will, without the most careful inquiry, pronounce
that statement of facts erroneous which was the result of a course
of investigation in which the life of an industrious student was
principally occupied for the long term of FIFTY YEARS."-Enfield's
Pref. to his Abridgment, 1791.
"This eminent and valuable work has received the general suf-
frage of the learned, as being the most comprehensive, methodical,
and impartial history of theology hitherto written. It is both a
history of doctrines and of men. As a history of doctrines, it lays
open the origin of opinions, the changes they have undergone, the
distinct characters of different systems, and the leading points in
which they differ; as a history of men, it relates the lives of the
most eminent philosophers, takes notice of their followers and op-
ponents, and describes the origin, progress, and decline of their
respective sects; and throws much light on the ancient religions
of India, Persia, and on every other branch of Eastern literature."
"An indispensable work. I can truly say, that the benefit which
I have derived from it is much greater than it would be possible
to express by any quotation or acknowledgments, however nume
rous."-Burton's Bampton Lectures.
Enfield performed his task in a most creditable manner:
"It may be truly said, that the tenets of philosophy and the
lives of its professors were never before displayed in so pleasing a
form, and with such clearness and excellence of language.'
""
"It contains a fund of information that is scarcely anywhere
else to be met with in the English language. Without it no library
can be considered as at all complete.”—Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
It is not to be denied, indeed, that doubts have been ex-
pressed of the accuracy of some of his paraphrases of
ancient philosophic propositions and conclusions. Serms.
on Practical Subjects, with Memoirs of the Author, by
John Aikin, M.D., 1798, 3 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1799, 3 vols.
Svo.
English, E. H. Reports of Cases in Sup. Ct. of Law
and Eq. in Arkansas, Little Rock, 1846, Svo.
English, George B., d. 1828, aged 39, was the son
of Thomas English, of Boston, Mass., and graduated at
Harvard Coll, in 1807. 1. Grounds of Christianity Exam-
ined, 1813, 12mo. This was answered by Edward Everett,
of Massachusetts, in 1814, and also by Samuel Cary in 1813.
Mr. Everett's answer forms a vol. of about 500 pages.
He
was between 20 and 21 years of age at the time of its
publication. 2. Letter to Mr. Cary on his Review of the
Grounds of Christianity Examined. 3. Letter to Dr. Chan-
ning on his 2 serms. on Infidelity, 1813. 4. Expedition to
Dongola and Sennaar, 1823, 8vo. 5. Five Smooth Stones
out of the Brook. This was intended as an answer to
Edward Everett's unanswerable response to English's
Grounds of Christianity Examined.
Mr. Everett convicts English of the most flagrant dis-
honesty in his assertions, and bare-faced plagiarism, to a
degree almost unprecedented. This reckless blasphemer
of a doctrine which once he preached." transfers by
wholesale to his malignant pages the sophistries and quib-
bles, the absurdities and the blunders, of Evanson, Collins,
Toland, and other such worthies, and appropriates without
scruple the reflections of Semler, Priestley, Rabbi Isaac,
and Orobio. Mr. Everett shows that thus ninety-four
pages are borrowed from other writers, of which number
Mr. English gives credit to the owners for twenty-four
pages only. The work of Mr. Everett would do honour to
any critic, however far advanced in years or experienced
in polemics; but as the composition of a mere youth, it is
one of the most remarkable productions of the human
mind. The following extracts are commended to the class
of writers especially concerned:
"K
"He joined with the writer of this article in laying the plan;
and all the lives in the first volume marked with his initial, com-
prising more than half the whole, are of his composition. . . . His
language, chaste, clear, correct, and free from all affectation, is one
of the best specimens of that middle style which is fitted for all
topics, and he communicates to his reader all that clearness of idea
which reigned in his mind."-DR. AIKIN, ubi supra
Enfield, Wm. 1. New Pronouncing English Diction-trary to the sentiments of their authors, than the Deistical Writers."
-Everett's Defence of Christianity, 108.
Justly, most justly, does Dr. Leland observe, that 'It would be
hard to produce any persons whatever, who are chargeable with
more unfair and fraudulent management in their quotations, in
curtailing, adding to, and altering, the passages they cite, or taking
them out of their connexion, and making them speak directly com-
ary, 1807, 12mo.
"These Sermons are 60 in number, and are almost entirely writ-
ten upon moral subjects, to illustrate the Character of our Lord,
to explain and comment upon his Parables, or to enforce some of
his Precepts. His chief talent consists in expressing common ideas
in clear and apposite language: and he so well inculcates the mo-
ral precepts of Christianity, that, with reference to them, his Ser-
mons may be read to advantage by every class of believers."—
British Critic.
"In Dr. Enfield's compositions we see great correctness of senti-
ment, and a happy mode of expression. His words stand for ideas;
he is clear without needless expansion, and concise without being
confused."-Lon. Monthly Review.
The English Preacher; a collec. of short Serms. from
various authors, 1773, 74, 9 vols. 12mo.
"Very useful to young preachers, by exhibiting before them at
one view a great variety of models for their imitation.”—Lowndes's
Brit. Librarian.
Constitution of England, 1809, 12mo. 5. Mental and Moral
Philosophy and Logic, 1810, 12mo. 6. Natural Philosophy.
England, Rev. George. Inquiry into the Morals
of the Ancients, 1757, 4to.
Enfield was a large contributor to the 1st vol. of Dr.
Aikin's General Biography, 1799-1815, 10 vols. 4to. See
AIKIN, JOHN, M.D., in this volume, and a biography of Dr.
Enfield in Aikin's General Biography:
England, John. Discourses, 1700, 8vo. Serm., 1710,
8vo. Serm., 1715, 8vo.
England, Rt. Rev. John, D.D., R. Catholic Bishop of
N. Carolina, S. Carolina, and Georgia, for twenty-two years,
died at Charleston, April 11, 1842, aged 56. Discourse be-
fore the Hibernian Society of Savannah, Charleston, 1824,
8vo. See a review in the N. Amer. Rev., xix. 470. Expla-
nation of the Construction, Furniture, and Ornaments of a
Church, &c., Balt., Svo. Letters on Slavery, Svo. Works
edited by Bishop Reynolds. Balt., 1849, 5 vols. r. Svo.
England, Thomas R. 1. Letters from the Abbé
Edgeworth to his Friends, 1777-1807, with Memoirs of his
Life, 1810, 8vo. Life of the Rev. Arthur O'Leary, &c., 1822,
8vo. Illustrative of the condition of the Irish R. Catholics
in the 18th century.
Englefield, Sir Henry Charles, M.P., 1752-1822,
an astronomer and antiquary. 1. Tables of the Apparent
Places of the Comet in 1661, Lon.. 1788, 4to. 2. Letter
rel. to the case of Protestant Dissenters, 1790, Svo. 3. Or-
bits of Comets, 1793, 4to. 4. Walk through Southampton;
its Antiquities, 1801, Svo. 5. Beauties. Antiquities, and
Geological Phenomena of the Isle of Wight, 1816, fol.
This work should be read by all who expect to visit the
Isle of Wight.
"Sir Henry Englefield is well known in the literary world as a
man of taste, of extensive, various, and accurate information; and
the description of the Isle of Wight is a work, in all respects, wor
thy of a person distinguished by the possession of such accom-
plishments."-Elin. Rev.. xxix. 363-377.
Con. on Astronomy, Geology, and Natural Philosophy,
to Phil. Trans., 1781, 'S4; Trans. Linn. Soc., 1802; Archae-
ol., 1782, '90, '92; Nic. Jour., 1804; Phil. Mag., 1814,
'15. In 1819, in 6 Nos., imp. Svo, appeared the Englefield
Vases, and in the same year, in 6 Nos., was pub. The Life
of Sir H. C. Englefield, by Sotheby.
Engles, Wm. M., D.D., of Philadelphia. Rills from
the Fountain of Wisdom; or the Book of Proverbs arranged
and illustrated, Phila., 12mo. The idea is excellent, and
its execution has been highly commended. No one should
be without this little volume.
"Mr. Enfield has displayed considerable judgment and great
Industry in the compilation and arrangement of the useful little
volume before us."-Anti-Jacobin Review, Aug. 1807.
2. New Encyclopædia, 1809–11, 10 vols. 12mo. 3. Natu-
ral Theology, 1809, 12mo. 4. Compend. of the Laws and ❘
Again:
"It is a peculiarity of the skeptical writers, that they delight to
dwell on indelicate and indecent themes. The reader will see some
traces of this in Mr. English's work. . . . Porson, in the preface to
bis unanswerable letters to Travis, justly censures Gibbon for this
vulgar vice, and there needs no confirmation to the remark at the
••
559
ENG
Leginning of this note to one who has read the works of Woolston,
of Mandeville, or Voltaire.”— Ibid.431. note.
English was a roving character, and served under the
Pasha of Egypt. He is said to have embraced Islamism,
but this story we believe to be untrue. At one time of his
life he was a member of the community at New Harmony.
Shortly after leaving college be studied theology, and was
licensed to preach as a candidate for the ministry, by the
"Boston Association of Clergymen."
English, H. S. Laws respecting Pews or Seats in
Churches, Lon., 1826, Svo.
English, J. Obs. on Sheridan's Dissert. on the English
Tongue; difficulties in pronunciation, &c., Lon., 1762, Svo.
English, J. Serm., 1776, Svo.
"
English, John. The Grey Spirit of the Friar, and
the Black Spirit of the Wye; a Romance, 1810, 2 vols. 12mo.
English, John George. Arithmetic, &c., 1795, 12mo.
English, Michael. Assize on Bread, 1491.
English, Peter. The Survey of Policy; or a Vindie.
of the Commonwealth agst. Salmasius and other Royalists,
Lon., 1653, 4to.
English, Rev. Robert. The Naval Review; a Poem,
Lon., 1773, 4to; 1774, 4to. Elegy, 1777, 4to.
English, Thomas. Serm., 1734, 4to.
English, Thomas Dunn, of Philadelphia, has ac-
quired considerable reputation as a contributor of prose
and poetical articles to the periodicals of the day.
..
· Mr. English is best known as an original, forcible, and some-
times humorous, writer of prose." See Griswold's Poets and Poetry
of America.
Enoch, Richard. Serm., 1707, 4to.
Enos, James Lysander, b. 1825, in the State of
New York. Intellectual and Practical Arithmetic. Re-
vised ed., N. York, 1854, 18mo.
Ensor, George. 1. Principles of Morality, 1801, 8vo.
2. The Independent Man, 1806, Svo. 3. National Govern-
ment, 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. National Education, 1811, Svo.
5. Defects of the English Laws and Tribunals, 1812, Svo.
"A rambling, desultory, fault-finding. ill-digested volume, in
which the author finds little to praise and much to blame."-Mar-
vin's Leg. Bibl.
6. Present State of Ireland, 1814, 8vo. 7. State of Eu-
rope in Jan. 1816, 1816, Svo.
Ent, Sir George, 1604-1689, an eminent physician,
was a native of Sandwich, Kent, and educated at Sidney
Sussex Coll., Camb. 1. Amicorum Applausus cum Patavi
M.D. crearetur, Pat., 1636. 2. Apologia pro Circulatione
Sanguinis contra Emilium Parisanum, Lon., 1641, '85, |
Svo. In defence of Harvey. 3. Animadversiones in Ma-
lachia Thrustoni M.D., diatribam de respirationis usu
primario, 1679, 'S4, '85, 8vo. Whole Works, Leyden, 1687,
8vo. He is said to have trans. the whole of Harvey's Ex-
ercitationes de Generatione Animalium into Latin. Con.
to Phil. Trans., 1678, '91.
Entick, or Entinck, John, 1713-1773. Speculum
Latinum, Lon., 1728, Svo. New Naval History, 1758, fol.
General History of the Late War, by Entinck and others,
1763, 5 vols. Svo. Relates principally to the war in Ame-
rica. See Lon. Monthly Review. Survey and History of
London, &c., 1766, 4 vols. 8vo. Not much valued. New
Latin and English Dictionary, 1771, 12mo. Many eds.,
1786, by W. Crackelt. This dictionary has been repub-
lished within the last few years.
British Empire, 1774, 4 vols. 8vo. New Spelling Diction-
ary, 1764, 12mo. By Crackelt, 1784, 12mo; 1788, 4to;
1795, 12mo. New ed., 1850, sq. Other works. He was
engaged in some theolog, and some political publications.
Entwisle, Edmund, D.D. Serm., 1697, 4to.
Enty, John, a dissenting minister of Exeter. Serms.,
1707, '16, '20, '25, '37. Other publications.
Present State of the
Equinox, Thomas. More Conversation, or Ecclesi-
astical Synaptism, Lon., 1807, 8vo.
Erbery, Wm. Pub. many theolog. treatises, 1627-54,
which seem to have been forgotten. See a list in Watt's
Bibl. Brit.
Erdeswicke, Sampson, d. 1603, was an antiquary
of Sandon, in Staffordshire. A Short View of Stafford-
shire, Lon., 1717, 8vo. Again by Sir Simon Degge in 1723.
But Lowndes speaks of both the above as one edition. (?)
The View is now incorporated in Shaw's Hist. of Stafford-
shire. Erdeswicke's View is said to be inaccurate, not-
withstanding the commendation of Wood, who tells us
that it
"Was begun about the year 1593, and continued by him to his
death, from ancient evidences and records, with brevity, clearness,
and truth."
Erdeswicke is supposed to have written The True State
of Armory, pub. under the name of William Wyreley, 1592,
4to, but this is very doubtful.
660
ERS
Erichsen, John, Prof. of Surgery in University Coll.,
London. The Science and Art of Surgery, Lon., 1853, p.
Svo. Amer. ed., with Notes and Additions, by J. H. Brin-
ton, M.D., Phila., 1854, Svo; nearly 900 pages.
"The volume before us gives a very admirable practical view of
the science and art of surgery of the present day."-Edin. Med.
and Surg. Jour.
"Decidedly the best treatise on the subject since the days of Ben-
jamin Bell."PROF. S. D. GROSS, May 17, 1854.
pher, a native of Ireland, long resident at the court of
Erigena, Johannes Scotus, a celebrated philoso-
Charles the Bald, King of France, is supposed to have died
about $77, but of this date, as of the incidents of his life,
there appears to be much doubt. The curious reader can
refer to the authorities cited below. Of his writings a cata-
logue will be found in Cave and others. Bale has added
to the number, but it is thought without sufficient evidence.
The following have been printed: 1. De Divisione Naturæ,
Oxon., by Gale, 1681, fol.
"His book entitled The Division of Nature is of great use in
solving many intricate and perplexing questions, if we can forgive
him for deviating from the path of the Latin philosophers and
divines, and pursuing that of the Greeks. It was this that made
him appear a heretic to many; and it must be confessed that there
are many things in it which, at first sight at least, seem to be con-
trary to the Catholic faith."-HOVEDEN.
2. De Prædestinatione Dei, contra Goteschalcum, edited
by Gilb. Maguin in his Vindiciæ Prædestinationis et Gra-
tiæ, vol. i. p. 103. This work was violently attacked by
Prudentius and Florus. 3. Excerpta de Differentiis et So-
cietatibus Græci Latinique Verbi, in Macrobius's works.
4. De Corpore et Sanguine Domini, 1558, '60, 1653; Lon.,
1686, 8vo. It is supposed that the treatise really written
by Erigena is lost, and that the published one is not the
genuine tract. It is certain that Erigena denied the doc-
trine of transubstantiation. It was intended as an answer
to Paschasius Radbertus. Erigena's treatise was con-
demned to be burned at Rome in 1059. It was on this
account that his name was stricken from the roll of saints
by Baronius. 5. Ambigua S. Maximi, seu Scholia ejus
in difficiles Locos S. Gregorii Nazianzeni, Latine versa,
with the Divisio Naturæ, Oxford, 1681, fol. 6. Opera S.
Dionysii quatuor in Latinam Linguam conversa. in the
edition of Dionysius, Colon., 1536. Many of his MSS. are
still in existence. He trans. from the Latin, at the request
of King Charles, four works attributed to Dionysius the
Areopagite. This trans. (see conclusion of this article)
involved Erigena in difficulty, and elicited an indignant
letter from Pope Nicholas I. to the King of France. It is
supposed that this led to Erigena's withdrawal from France,
but this is greatly doubted. See Biog. Brit.; Mackenzie's
Scotch Writers; Wood's Annals, and Colleges and Halls;
Heury's Hist. of G. Brit.; Cave; Fabric. Bibl. Lat. Med. ;
Brucker; Saxii Onomast.; Ilist. Lit. de Fr., v., pp. 428, 429;
Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
He was a skilful logician and controversialist, and had imbibed,
by the perusal of some of the Greek Fathers, a considerable taint
of the Platonism of the School of Alexandria. He thus became
one of the founders of the philosophic school of the Realists, who
attracted so much attention in the eleventh and twelfth centuries."
-WRIGHT, ubi supru.
CC
Anastasius had so high an opinion of Erigena, that he ascribed
his translation of the works of Dionysius to the especial influence
of the spirit of God."-DR. KIPPIS, in Biog. Brit.
But his opponents complained of the trans. as "too lite-
ral, and therefore often unintelligible, or liable to be mis-
barbarian from the extreme edge of the world should un-
understood; and they represented it as ridiculous that a
derstand Greek."
•
The reader will find some specimens of the compositions.
Sylloge., Dubl., 1632, 4to.
of Erigena in Usher's Veterum Epistolarum Hibernicarum
Ernst, Rev. Dr. Lutheran Pastor, Lebanon, Pa.
Sermon on the Death of Washington.
Ernulph, or Earnulph, b. about 1040, d. 1124, a na-
tive of Beauvais, and pupil of Lanfranc, was made Abbot
of Petersborough in 1107, and in 1114 was promoted to
ters, &c. of his see into a volume, which is still extant, and
the bishopric of Rochester. He collected the early char-
known as the Textus Roffensis. In addition to the char-
and early Anglo-Norman laws, and a number of other
ters of the church, it contains many of the Anglo-Saxon
documents. It has been largely drawn from by the com-
pilers of early British laws. A portion of its contents will
be found in Wharton's Anglia Sacra, 1691, fol., pp. 329-
34; and the whole was printed by Hearne, Oxon., 1720, Svo.
Two Epistles of Ernulph's will be found in D'Achery's
Spicilegium, tomus iii., Parisiis, 1723, fol., pp. 464–71.
Erralt, Thomas. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799.
Erskine, Hon. Andrew, 1739-1793, third son of
the 5th Earl of Kellie. Letters between him and Jr.mes
ERS
ERS
Boswell, Esq., Lon., 1763, 8vo. Town Eclogues, Lon.,
1773, 4to.
"A good poet and a good critic.”—BOSWELL, in life of Johlason,
Erskine, Charles. The Institutes of Medicinal Pa-
thology, from the Latin of H. D. Gaubuis, Edin., 1775, 8vo.
The Syphilitic Physician, 1808, 12mo.
in all the views of Scripture truth which the Theological Disserta-
"Whether the reader shall agree or disagree with Dr. Erskine
tions contain, it is impossible but he must admire the shrewd
sense which they display, and their familiar and extensive ac-
quaintance with the Bible.... The Sketches of Church History
discover the author's extensive acquaintance with the modern
Dutch and German writers, and furnish many curious extracts
from books that are little known in this country.”—Orme's Bibl.
Bo.
Erskine, John, D.D., 1721-1803, educated at the
Univ. of Edinburgh; minister of Kirkintilloch, 1744; of
Culross, 1754; of New Grey-Friars' Church, Edinburgh,
1758; colleague with Dr. Robertson in the Old Grey-Friars'
Erskine, David, Lord Dun, 1670-1755, an eminent Church, 1759. Dr. Erskine pub. a number of serms. and
Scottish lawyer, became lord of session in 1711, a commis-theolog. dissertations, 1750-1802. A collection of his Dis-
sioner in the court of justiciary, 1713-50. Lord Dun's courses was pub, at Edin., 1818, 2 vols. 8vo.
Advices, 1752, 12mo, several eds. A work of great merit. "Very scriptural. and full of excellent matter."-Williams's C.P.
Erskine, David Stewart. See BUCHAN, EARL OF. Theological Dissertations, 1765, 12mo. Sketches and
Erskine, Ebenezer, 1680-1754, a grandson of Ralph Hints of Church History and Theolog. Controversy,1790–97,
Erskine, noted for having thirty-three children, was born 2 vols. 12mo: 2d ed., 1818, 2 vols. 12mo.
in the Prison of the Bass, where his father and mother
were confined during a season of religious persecution in
Scotland against the Presbyterians. Ebenezer was edu-
cated at the Univ. of Edinburgh; minister of Portinoak,
Kinross, 1703; of Stirling, 1731. In April, 1732, he was
chosen moderator of the synod of Perth and Stirling, and
in his opening sermon he censured some late proceedings
of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland respect-
ing patronage. These strictures occasioned a controversy
which resulted in a schism, and Mr. Erskine's party became
known as the Seceders. For an account of this body we
must refer the reader to Brown's Account of the Secession,
8th ed., 1802, 12mo; to Mackerrow's History of the Se-
cession Church, new ed., Edin., 1841, 8vo; and see article
SECEDERS in Encyc. Brit., 7th ed. The character of Ebe-
nezer Erskine was most exemplary, and his sermons greatly
admired. Discourses on Ps. ii. 6, Edin., 1739, 12mo.
Serms., 1755, Svo. Discourses, 1757, 3 vols. 12mo. Serms.,
Glasg., 1762, 4 vols. Svo; vol. 5th, Edin., 1765. Whole
Works, 1798, 3 vols. 8vo; Lon., 1799, 3 vols. Svo: Edin.,
1810, 3 vols. 8vo. By the Rev. D. Fraser, with a Memoir,
Lon., 1826, 2 vols. 8vo. The Life and Diary were pub.
separately in 1831, 12mo. Serms., abridged by Fenton,
1826, 2 vols. in 1, 12mo. 31 Serms., abridged by Fisher,
31 Serms., abridged by Fisher,
1827, 2 vols. in 1, 12mo. 18 Serms., abridged, 1829, 12mo.
Beauties of E. Erskine, &c., by the Rev. S. McMillan, Svo.
Serms. of Ralph and Ebenezer Erskine, selected, with a
Preface, by the Rev. Thomas Bradbury, 1738, 3 vols.;
1757, 3 vols. 8vo. Select Writings of Ebenezer Erskine,
edited by the Rev. D. Smith, Edin., 1848, 8vo.
"Were I to read in order to refine my taste or improve my style,
I would prefer Bp. Atterbury's Sermons. Dr. Bate's Works, or Mr.
Seed's Discourses: but were I to read with a single view to the edi-
fication of my heart in true faith. solid comfort, and evangelical
holiness, I would have recourse to Mr. Erskine, and take his
volumes for my guide, my companion, and my own familiar
friend.”—Hervey's Theron and Aspasia.
"The works of Ralph and Ebenezer Erskine are highly evangeli-
cal; the productions of minds very strongly attached to truth,
devotional and zealous.”—Williams's C. P.
46 The two Erskines Cecil calls the best Scotch divines. but
speaks of them as dry and laboured. He did not at the moment
recollect Leighton. Rutherford, Maclaurin, &e."-Bickersteth's C. S.
Erskine, Hon. Mrs. Esme Stewart. Isabel: a
Tale, in two Cantos; and other Poems, Lon., 1814, cr. Svo.
Erskine, George. Serm., 1710, 4to; do., 1710, 4to.
Erskine, H. T. The New Statute for the Relief of
Insolvent Debtors, 5 & 6 Vict., c. 116, &c., Lon., 1842, 12mo.
Erskine, Henry, 1624-1696, a Scotch divine, father
of Ebenezer Erskine, left some Latin MSS. elucidating
difficult passages of the Holy Scriptures. They have never
been pub.
Erskine, Hon. Henry, 1746-1817, Lord Advocate
of Scotland, brother of Lord High Chancellor Erskine,
was the son of Henry David, 10th Earl of Buchan. Ex-
pediency of Reform in the Court of Session in Scotland,
Lon., 1807, Svo. See Lon. Monthly Review, liii. 442.
See a biography of Mr. Erskine in Chambers's Lives of
Illus. and Dist. Scotsmen, ii. 237.
Erskine, John, Baron of Dun, 1508?-1591, an emi-
nent Scotch Reformer, assisted in 1577 in the compilation
of the Second Book of Discipline, or model for the govern-
ment of a Presbyterian Church. See Scot's Lives of the
Reformers; McCrie's Life of Knox; Cook's Hist. of the
Reformation in Scotland.
Both of the above works are on the plan of Sir George
Mackenzie's Institutions of the Law of Scotland.
Erskine, John, 1695-1768, Prof. of Scottish Law in
the Univ. of Edinburgh. The Principles of the Law of
Scotland, Edin., 1754, '57, '64, 8vo. With Notes and
Correc. by Gillon, 1809, Svo. New ed. by J. S. Moore,
Edin., 1827, Svo. Institutes of the Laws of Scotland,
1773, fol.; 2d ed., enlarged, 1773, fol.; 3d ed., 1785, fol.: 4th
ed., 1804, fol. With Notes by Gillon, 1805, fol. With
Notes by James Ivory, 1824-28, 2 vols. fol. New ed. by
A. MacAllan, 1838, 2 vols. r. 8vo. and r. 4to.
"C
A standard work, characterized by conciseness and perspi-
euity.”— Warren's Law Studdies, 8S8.
"Much scarce information.
•
•
An account of Foreign Works,
and translations of extracts from them. on the plan of Erskine's
Sketches of Church History, would be interesting and useful."—
Bickersteth's C. S.
•
kine, D.D., by Sir Henry Moncreiff Wellwood, Bart.. M.D.,
See An Account of the Life and Writings of John Ers-
Edin.. 1818. Svo. A list of his works and publications,
edited by him, will be found in Chambers's Lives of Illus.
and Dist. Scotsmen, ii. 262–4.
culture of the County of Clackmannan. &c., Edin., 1794, 4to.
Erskine, John Francis. General View of the Agri-
"This work had much repute, being the offspring of an educated
mind, and very large information and experience.”—Donaldson's
Agricult. Biog.
Erskine, Ralph, 1685-1752, brother of Ebenezer
Erskine, was a native of Monilaws, Northumberland; edu-
cated at the Univ. of Edinburgh; minister at Dunfermline,
1711; joined the Seceders, 1734. He pub. a number of
Serms., Theolog. Treatises, Scripture Songs, Gospel Songs,
&c., 1738-52, and several of his works were pub. after his
death. We have already referred to Bradbury's ed. of the
Serms. of Ralph and Ebenezer Erskine. Works, Glasg.,
1764-66, 2 vols. fol.; 1777, 10 vols. 8vo; Lon., 1821, 10 vols.
Svo. Gospel Sonnets, new ed., 1844, 24mo. For opinions
upon his Works see ERSKINE, EBENEZER.
An enthusiastic admirer thus celebrates the merits of
our excellent author:
"Erskine! whose pen spread far abroad
Redeeming love, the sole device of God.
Substantial themes his thoughts did much pursuA'
Kept pure the truth, espoused but by a few
Integrity of heart, of soul serene;
No friend to vice, no cloke to the profane:
Employ'd his talents to reclaim the vain."
See Life prefixed to his Works.
Erskine, Robert. Tract rel. to J. Crookshanks, Lon.,
1759. Svo. Rivers and Tides, 1770, 'SI. Svo.
Erskine, Thomas, Lord Baron Erskine, of Restor-
mel Castle, co. Cornwall, 1750-1823, was the third son of
Henry. David Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan in Scotland.
He was educated at the High School of Edinburgh, and
the University of St. Andrew's, and subsequently, in 1777.
entered as a Fellow of Trin. Coll.. Camb. At the age of
14 he entered the Royal Navy, where he served for four
years; and in 1768 became attached to the army, as an
ensign in the Royals, or First Regiment of Foot. He re-
mained in the army for eight years. Determined to adopt
the profession of the law, in 1777 he inserted his name as
a student in the book of Lincoln's Inn, and in 1778-sav-
ing two years of probation in consequence of his academical
degree, to which he was entitled from his University as the
son of a nobleman--he was called to the bar. His defence
of Captain Baillie at once established his fame, and hence-
forth he reaped laurels in profusion. In 1806 he was made
Lord High Chancellor, and in 1815 received the Order of
the Thistle. His professional life does not properly come
The reader is re-
under our consideration in this volume.
ferred to Boswell's Johnson; Chambers's Lives of Illus.
and Dist. Scotsmen: Stanton's Reforms and Reformers of
Great Britain; The Georgian Era; Eueye. Brit.; Edin.
Rev., vols. xvi. and xix.; Gent. Mag., xeiii. 553; Good-
rich's Select Brit. Eloquence. His lordship amused his
intervals of leisure by the composition of Arinata, a Frag-
ment; a political romance, Lon., 1817, 2 vols. Svo; pub.
anou.; and wrote some pamphlets in favour of the Greeks.
View of the Causes and Consequences of the Present War
His burlesque parody of Gray's Bard is well known. His
with France, pub. in 1797, was so popular that 48 edits.
were called for in a few months. A letter in answer to it,
36
561
ERS
ETH
by John Gifford also had a very large sale, and was fro- storms and other similar meteors, Mr. Espy's theory is the most
quently republished.
complete that has hitherto been brought Forward, and it may be
come the one adopted to explain a vast mass of meteorological
phenomena."—Lon. Literary Gazette.
"Seeing also, as every reader must here see, facts opposed to de-
clamation, and proofs to bare assertion, we cannot conceive our-
selves biassed by any kind of prejudice, when we pronounce that
this publication contains a complete and solid answer to Mr. Er-
skine."-British Critic, April, 1797.
A list of his separate publications-speeches, &c.-will!
be found in Watt's Bibl. Brit. There have been several
collective edits. of his speeches. Speeches, 1846, r. Svo.
Speeches, with Memoir by Lord Brougham. 1845, 47, 4
rols. Svo.
"We take the opinion of the country and of every part of the
world where the language is understood, to be that of the most
unbounded admiration of these exquisite specimens of Judicial
Oratory, and of a great obligation to the Editor of the collection."
·Edin. Review, vol. xix.
To p
"At the bar Erskine shone with peculiar lustre. There the re-
sources of his mind were made apparent by instantaneous bursts
of eloquence, combining logic, rhetorical skill, and legal precision,
while he triumphed over the passions and prejudices of his hearers
and moulded them to his will."
"As an advocate in the forum I hold him to be without an equal
in ancient or modern times."-LORD CAMPBELL.
Erskine, Thomas, of Linlethan, a member of the
Scottish Bar. 1. Remarks on the Internal Evidence for
the Truth of Revealed Religion, 3d ed., Edin., 1821, 12mo.
"The argument from the internal evidence of religion, in sup-
port of its truth aud suitableness, is very powerfully supported,
though the author uses the phrase natural religion rather ambigu
ously.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
2. An Essay on Faith, 3d ed., 1823, 12mo. An ed., 1829,
2 vols. 12mo.
"Written in an easier style of argument, and contains more of
scriptural statement and explanation. Both works are much fitted
to be useful."-Ubi supra.
The British Critic highly praises both of these produc-
tions. 3. The Unconditional Freeness of the Gospel; in
three Essays, 2d ed., 1828, 12mo. This work excited an
animated controversy. See an account of "The Gairloch
or Row Heresy" in the Eclectic Review for July, 1830.
4. The Brazen Serpent; or Life coming through Death, 2d
ed., 1831, 12mo. 5. The Doctrine of Election illustrated,
Lon., 1837, 12mo. This useful layman was profoundly
versed in Greek and Biblical literature. See Orme's Zibi.
Bib., 174–75.
Erswicke, John. Benefits of the observation of Fish
Days, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Esling, Catherine H. W., formerly Miss Water-
man, was born in Philadelphia in 1812. In 1840 she was
married to Mr. Esling of Philadelphia. As a contributor
to the periodicals of the day Miss Waterman obtained great
and deserved celebrity. In 1850 Mrs. Esling pub. The
Broken Bracelet and other Poems, Phila., 12mo.
"Her poems are the expressions of a true woman's soul: she
excels in portraying feeling, and in expressing the warm and ten-
der emotions of one to whom home has ever been the lodestar of
the soul. In pathos and delicacy she has few equals."-Mrs. Hale's
Woman's Record.
Espagne, John d', a French Protestant divine, mi-
nister of the French Church in London temp. James I. and
Charles I., pub. several theolog. treatises, 1640-57, the best
known of which is Popular Errors in the knowledge of
Religion, Lon., 1648, Svo.
Espinasse, Isaac, of Gray's Inn. 1. Law of Actions
and Trials at Nisi Prius, Lon., 1789, 2 vols. 8vo; 4th ed.,
1812, 2 vols. 8vo; Phila., 1791; N. York, 1811, 2 vols. 8vo;
1822, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Reports of Cases at Nisi Prius, Lon.,
1793-1811, 6 vols. r. 8vo; Hartford, with Notes by Thomas
Day, 1808, 6 vols. 8vo; 1825. 3. Law of Actions on Penal
Statutes, Lon., 1813, r. Svo; 1818, '24; N. York, 1822, 8vo.
4. Laws of Actions on Statutes, remediai, penal, &c., Lon.,
1824, r. Svo. 5. Evidence for Trials at Nisi Prius, 2d ed.,
1825, 8vo; Phila., 1822, 8vo. 6. Peel's Acts, &c., Lon.,
1827, 8vo. 7. Cases of the County of Dublin, 1827, 8vo.
Espinasse, James. Law of Bankrupts as altered
by 6 Geo. IV. c. 16, Lon., 1825, r. 8vo.
"Mr. Espy's communication contains a great number of well-
observed and well-described facts. His theory, in the present stato
of science, alone accounts for the phenomena; and, when completed,
as Mr. Espy intends, by the study of the action of electricity when
it intervenes, will leave nothing to be desired. In a word, for phy-
sical geography, agriculture, navigation, and meteorology, it gives
us new explanations, indications useful for ulterior researches,
and redresses many accredited errors.”—Conclusion of the Report
of the Academy of Sciences (Paris) on the labours of J. P. Espy, "con-
cerning Tornadoes, dc. Committee, Messieurs Arago, Pouillet, B.-
binet Reporter.
Espy, James P., b. 1785, in Washington co., Penna.
The Philosophy of Storms, Boston, 1841, 8vo. Mr. Espy
Mr. Espy
investigates the theories of Col. Reid, Dr. Piddington, &c.
“As a connected chain of cause and effect in the production of
562
Essex, Arthur Capel, Earl of. See CAPEL.
Essex, James, 1723-1784, an eminent English archi-
tect, a native of Cambridge, pub. some papers in the Archwol.
and Bibl. Top. Brit., and two Letters, Camb., 1749, 8vo;
Lon., 1787, 4to. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
Essex, John. 1. Country Dances, Lon., 1710, 8vo.
2. The Young Ladies' Conduct, 1722, Svo.
Essex, Robert Devereux, Earl of. See DEVEREUX.
Essex, Walter Devereux, Earl of. See DEVEREUX.
Est, Wm. Serms., Lon., 1611, '14, Svo. Lect. on St.
James, 1616, Svo. Pirckheimer's Laus Podagræ trans. into
English, 1617, 4to.
Escherny, D. D. The Distemper, Lon., 1756, Svo.
Probably the same as DAVID Descherny, M.D., q. v.
Esdaile, James, M.D. 1. Christian Theology, Lon.,
8vo. 2. Mesmerism in India; and its Practical Applica-
tion in Surgery and Medicine, fp. 8vo.
"From eight months' mesmeric treatment in a country charity
hospital in Bengal, Dr. Esdaile attests its efficacy in rendering sur-
gical operations painless, and aiding medical applications in every
form."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
3. Letters from the Red Sea, Egypt, and the Continent,
Calcutta, 1839, 8vo.
1653.
4. Natural and Mesmeric Clairvoy-
ance, 1852, 12mo.
Estcourt, Richard, 1668-1713, a native of Tewkes-
bury, acquired considerable reputation as a comic actor,
and is frequently mentioned in the Tatler and Spectator.
1. Fair Example; a Comedy, 1706, 4to. 2. Prunella; an
Interlude, 4to.
Este, Rev. Charles, 1753-1829, abandoned the stage
for the study of medicine, and the latter for divinity.
1. Tracts on Medical Subjects, Lon., 1776, 8vo. 2. My
own Life, 1787, Svo. 3. A Journey in 1793 through Flan-
ders, Brabant, and Germany, to Switzerland, 1795, Svc.
He was joint editor and proprictor of the periodical called
The World.
Este, John. Bookes of Madrigals, Anthems, &c.,
1604, '10, '18, 24, '38.
Este, M. L. 1. Royal Institution, &c., Lon., 1810,
8vo. 2. Contagious Diseases, Baths, Swimming, &c., 1812,
Svo.
Este, Michael. Madrigals, Lon., 1604, &c.
Estey, George. Certaine godly and learned Expo-
sitions upon divers parts of Scripture, Lon., 1603, 4to.
Estlin, John Prior, LL.D., a Unitarian preacher.
Evidences of Revealed Religion. Serms., Discourses, &c.,
1791-1815.
"His sermons were much and justly admired for the classical
purity and elegance of their style; he treated his subjects with
perspicuity, and adorned argument with all the attractions of genu-
ine pathos." Wide Life.
Eston, John. The Falling Stars; or the Dragon's
bringing down and trampling upon Heavenly Glory, Lon.,
Estrange, L'. See L'ESTRANGE.
L’.
Estwick, Nicholas. Serms., &c., Lon., 1633-56.
Estwick, Samuel, LL.D. 1. Serm., Lon., 1696, 4to.
2. Negro Cause, 1772, 8vo. 3. Letter to Dean Tucker rel.
to the war with America, 1776, Svo.
"Mr. Estwick is an acute reasoner and an entertaining writer;
and a warm and zealous advocate for the Americans."-Rich's Bibl.
Amer. Nova.
Ethelred. See AILRED OF RIEVAUX.
Ethelston, Rev. Charles W. Ode, 1803, 4to. The
Suicide; with other Poems, 1804, 8vo. Address on Schools,
1812, 4to.
Ethelward, who was alive in 1090, is known by a
history of the Anglo-Saxons, in four books, ending with
the reign of King Edgar. See Rerum Anglicanum Scrip-
tores post Bedam præcipui, (edited by Savile,) fol., Francf.,
1601, pp. 831-850. Chronicorum Ethelwerdi Libri Qua-
tuor. Ethelward's work is of little value:
"The whole is a translation of a very false and imperfect copy
of the Saxon Chronicle: and therefore William of Malmesbury bas
modestly, out of defence to his family. [the author tells us that he
the giving a character of this writer's performance. If he had done
was descended from Ethelred, the brother of King Alfred,] declined
it truly, he ought to have told us that his stile is boisterous, and
that several parts of his history are not so much as hardly sense."
–Bp. Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib., xl.
-
Ethelwold, supposed to have been born about 925,
d. 984, a native of Winchester, was called by his contempo-
raries the Father of Monks. In 963 he was consecrated
Bishop of Winchester. He is best known as a writer by
his trans. into Anglo-Saxon of the Rule of Monastic Life,
drawn up in Latin by St. Benedict. See Wright's Biog.
Brit. Lit., and authorities there cited.
Ethelwolf, b. before 770, was an inmate of a small
monastery dependent on the larger one of Lindisfarne
ETHI
EUS
He wrote a metrical history of the abbots and other emi-
nent persons of his monastery to the time of Egbert,
Bishop of Lindisfarne, 802-819.
"The only English writer of the beginning of the ninth century
whom we can trace with any degree of certainty, is an Anglo-
Latin poet named Ethelwolf, of whom we have no further informa-
tion than that which is contained in the only one of his poems
now extant. . . . This poem is valuable chiefly as a document of
history: but, though it has little merit. it is interesting as the
only specimen we have of the Anglo-Latin poetry of that period."
Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., q. v.
Etherege, Sir George, born about 1636, supposed
to have died about 1690, is said to have studied for some
time at the University of Cambridge. Whilst yet young
he travelled on the continent, and on his return devoted
some time to legal pursuits. But, like Tom D'Urfey, whom
in many points he greatly resembled, he soon forsook the
Law for the Drama. In 1664 he produced his comedy of
The Comical Revenge; or, Love in a Tub, 1664, '68, '69,
'71, '89, '90, '93, 4to. This piece was successful, and intro-
duced him into the society of a set of dissolute idlers who
then disgraced English society-the Earl of Dorset, the
Duke of Buckingham, Lord Rochester, Sir Charles Sedley,
&c. He next brought out the comedy of She Would if
She Could, 1668, '71, 'S9, '90, '93, 4to. This was succeeded
by his best-known piece, the comedy of The Man of Mode;
or, Sir Fopling Flutter, 1676, 4to; 1715, 8vo.
"It is perhaps the most elegant comedy, and contains more of
the real manners of high life than any one the English stage was
ever adorned with.”—Biog. Dramat.
"Sir George Etherege was as thorough a fop as ever I saw; he
was exactly his own Sir Fopling Flutter. And yet he designed
Dorimant, the genteel rake of wit, for his own picture."-L. See
Spence's Anecdotes.
In 1722, 8vo, appeared a Defence of the Comedy of Sir
Fopling Flutter. He pub. a short prose piece entitled An
Account of the Rejoycing at the Diet of Ratisbonne. per-
formed by Sir George Etherege, Knight, &c., Savoy, 1688.
Works, containing his Plays and Poems, Lon., 1704, Svo.
Sir George was resident minister at Ratisbon, and it is said
that after a gay evening party given by him in that city,
he fell down stairs and broke his neck while taking leave
of his guests. Gibbon, indeed, asserts that he returned to
England after the Revolution, and died there. The ac-
counts also differ as regards the manner in which he came
to be knighted; but these are matters of small moment.
He seems to have been equally devoid of principle and
careless of propriety, without any just sense of religion or
morality, and one of those abandoned writers who, by
public proclamation of their licentiousness and indecency,
may be truly said to "glory in their shame."
Even the Biog. Dramat.-by no means a rigid critic
acknowledges that
"His works have not escaped censure, on account of that licen-
tiousness which in the general runs through them, which renders
them dangerous to young, unguarded minds: and the more so for
the lively and genuine wit with which it is gilded over, and which
has therefore justly banished them from the purity of the present
stage."-Vol. I., Part 1, 223.
Would that of such troubles to society we had seen the
last!
Etherington, Rev. George. General Cautions in
the Cure of Fevers, Lon., 1760, Svo. This is a compila-
tion from the writings of Dr. Huxham and other eminent
physicians.
"Such a compilation, however judicious, can avail but little in
supplying the want of a regular medical education."-Lon. Monthly
Rev., xxiii. 281, 1760.
"Dr. Etherington. by the labour he has bestowed, the keen
observation, and calm, critical judgment, has evidently proved
himself a man of talent," &c.-Nottingham Review.
Etherington, Thomas. Fast Serm., 180S, Svo.
Ethryg, or Etheridge, or, in Latin, Edrycus, ad-
mitted of Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf., 1534, was made Pro-
bationer Fellow in 1539, and Regius Prof. of Greek in
1553. Acta Henrici Octavis Carmine Græco. Eneidos,
&c., 1553, Svo. He trans. the Psalms into Hebrew verse,
trans. the works of Justin Martyr into Latin, and pub. a
vol. of Commentaries on Paulus Æginete, 1588, Svo. He
He
was a zealous Roman Catholic, and had under his charge
a number of youth of his own persuasion.
"Esteemed a noted mathematician, well skilled in vocal and
instrumental music, an eminent Hebritiau, Grecian, and poet,
and, above all, an excellent physician. . John Leland, who
was his familiar friend, did celebrate his memory by verse while
he lived, and told him thus:
1. A Survey of the Turkish Empire, Lon., 1798, '99, 1801,
'09, 8vo.
'Scripsisti, juvenis, multa cum laude libellos,
Qui regi eximie perplacuere meo."-Athen. Oxon.
Eton, Wm., long a resident in Turkey and Russia.
"A work remarkable for nothing but the enthusiasm with whic
the author maintains the necessity of bringing about the restora
tion of the Greeks."-Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
2. Materials for Hist. of People of Malta, pub. in Nos.,
1802-07, 8vo. 3. Commerce and Navigation of the Black
Sea, 1806, 8vo; anon. 4. Letter on the Political Relations
of Russia, 1807, 8vo.
Etough, Henry, Rector of Therfield, Hertfordshire.
Letter to the Author of Christianity not founded on Argu-
ment, Lon., 1742, 8vo., pp. 43.
Ettrick, Henry. Surg. con. to Phil. Trans., 1740.
Ettrick, Rev. W. 1. The Second Exodus, Lon.,
1810, 2 vols. 8vo; 1811-12, 3 vols. 8vo; 1815, 3 vols. 8vo.
2. The Season and Time, 1816, 8vo. These works relate
to Scriptural prophecy.
Euderbie.
Etherington, George F., M.D. 1. Essays, Medi-
1. Essays, Medi--the "generous bottle."
cal and Scientific, Lou., 1841, 12mo. 2. Vivisection Vindi-
cated, 1842, Svo.
See ENDERBIE, PERCY.
Euer, or Ever, Sampson, King's Attorney in the
Marches of Wales, and King's Serjeant. Doctrina Placi-
tandi, ou l'art et science de Bon Pleading, Lon., 1677, 4to;
Dubl., 1791, Svo.
"The good sense and sound logick of modern times has substi
tuted for the artificial pedantry and narrow maxims of the dark ages
of the law, rules which commend themselves to all men by their in-
trinsick propriety and excellence for deciding contested rights. The
best ancient treatise on the subject is Mr. Euer's Doctrina Placitandi,
a book which Lord Chief Justice Willes pronounced in his time.
to contain more law and learning than any other book he knew,
(2 Wils. R. SS; yet what is this. when compared with the finished
elementary and practical treatises of Mr. Lawes or Mr. Chitty?
It were indeed desirable that modern pleaders should endeavour
to imitate more generally the pointed brevity and precision of
Rastall's Entries, and waste fewer words in their drafts of decla-
rations, which
• Like a wounded snake drag their slow length along.'
"It might not be useless for them to consider, that the great aim
ought to be. not how much, but how little, may be inserted with
professional safety."-JUDGE STORY, in a review of Hoffman's Legal
Stuly. N. Amer. Rev., 645–78. Nr. 1817.
Let every member of the legal profession carefully peruse
this valuable paper.
A system of Pleading, including a Trans. of the Doctrina
Placitandi, By a Gentleman of the Middle Temple, 1771, 4to.
Eunson, G. The Ancient and Present State of Ork-
ney, and Poems, Newc. upon Tyne, 1788, 12mo.
Eusden, Lawrence, d. 1730, a son of the Rev. Dr.
Eusden, Rector of Spotsworth, Yorkshire, after receiving
his education at Trin. Coll., Camb., went into orders, and
was for some time chaplain to Richard, Lord Willoughby
de Broke. He found warm friends in Lord Halifax, whose
poem On the Battle of the Boyne he trans. into Latin. and
in the Duke of Newcastle, whose marriage to Lady Godol-
phin he celebrated in an Epithalamium, which raised the
author to the laureateship in 1718. He pub. a number of
occasional poems, contributed a few pieces to the Spectator
and Guardian, and left in MS. a trans. of the works of
poetical abilities will be found in Nichols's Poems.
Tasso, with a life of the poet. Some specimens of his
Of
course he did not wear the honours of the laurel without
eliciting the enmity of his brother poets. Pope put him
in the Dunciad, Oldmixon attacked him in bis Art of Logie
and Rhetoric, and Cooke thus refers to him in The Battle
of the Poets:
"Eusden, a laurel'd bard, by fortune rais'd.
By few been read, by fewer still been prais'd."
We are sorry to learn, from a letter of Gray's to Mason.
that Eusden injured his mind by the great enemy of poets
generous bottle." The Duke of Buckingham, in
his Session of the Poets, implies that the fame of the poet-
laureate was rather circumscribed:
"In rushed Eusden, and cried, Who shall have it
But I, the true laureat, to whom the king gave it?'
Apollo begg'd pardon, and granted his claim.
But vow'd that till then he ne'er had heard his name."
Eustace, Evans. Serms., 1747, 4to.
Eustace, John Chetwode, a R. Catholic divine.
travelled in Italy in the capacity of a tutor. He died of a
fever at Naples, 1815, whilst making a second tour through
Italy. 1. Elegy to Burke, 1797, 4to. 2. Answer to the
Charge of the Bp. of Lincoln, 1813, 4to. 3. Classical Tour
through Italy, Lon., 1813, 2 vols. 4to; 4th ed., 1815, 4 vols.
Svo; 6th ed., with addits., 1821, 4 vols. 8vo.
Mr. Eustace's work is very full and minute in the subject
which the title indicates. It is written in good taste, but in
rather a prolix style: his statements, however, are not always to
be depended upon, especially where his political or religious opinions
intervene."-Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
"One of the most inaccurate and unsatisfactory writers that
have in our times attained a temporary reputation."-SIR Jous
CAM HOBHouse.
Yet the tour of Mr. Eustace is well worth perusal, and
the reader should then take up A Classical Tour through
563
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Italy and Sicily-tending to illustrate some Districts which
have not been described by Mr. Eustace in his Classical
Tour-by Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Bart., 1819, 2 vols. 4to.
An ed. in 3 vols. 8vo.
It has been a topic of general regret in the literary world, that
Mr. Eustace did not live to furnish the Supplementary Volume to
his Classical Tour, so as to form a complete work on the present
and past state of Italy, for which he was engaged in collecting
materials at the period of his premature decease. But what Mr.
Eustace did not live to accomplish, Sir Richard Colt Hoare bas
executed, and in such a manner as, it is hoped, will be at once
acceptable to the public, and gratifying to the numerous friends
of Mr. Eustace, as a tribute of respect to his genius and of affec-
tion to his memory."
4. Letters from Paris to George Petre, Esq.
Eustace, John Skey, d. 1805, aged 45, a military
officer during the American Revolution, after the war re-
sided for some time in Georgia, where he received the
appointment of Adjutant-General. In 1794 he visited
France, and, entering the army, became Major-General.
In 1797 he commanded a division of the French Army in
Flanders. He returned to America in 1800, and, settling
in Orange county, N. York, devoted his attention to lite-
rary pursuits until his death in 1805, at Newburgh. Ac-
count of his Exile from the Kingdom of Great Britain by
order of the Duke of Portland, Lon., 1797, Svo.
Eustace, Sir Maurice. 1. Letter from rel. to Irish
Parliament, Lon., 1642, 4to. 2. Letter from rel. to Ireland,
1642, 4to.
Evance, Daniel. Serm., Lon., 1646; do., 1695, 4to.
Ivsta Honoraria; or, Funeral Rites in honour of Robert,
Earl of Essex, 1646, 4to, in verse.
Evance, Miss S. Poems, 1808, 8vo.
Evander, John. A Voyage round the World; or, A
Pocket Library, Lon., Svo.
Evanke, George, incumbent of Ayton Magna, York-
shire, ejected for Nonconformity, 1662. Serm., 1663, 4to.
Evans, Abel, of St. John's Coll., Oxf., enjoyed great
reputation as an epigrammatist. Some of his poems will be
found in Nichols's Select Collection. See especially the
satire on Tindal, entitled The Apparition, and Vertumnus,
an Epistle to Mr. Jacob Bobart, 1713. Evans is mentioned
in the Dunciad, and he is classed among the Oxford wits
in the following couplet:
"Alma novem genuit celebres Rhedycina poetas;
But Stubb, Cobb, Crabb, Trapp, Young, Carey, Tickell, Evans.”
Evans, Rev. Alfred Bowen. Christianity in its
Homely Aspects, 1852, 12mo.
Evans, Arise, or Rice, or, according to Wood, John,
was a Welsh conjurer and astrologer, of whom many won-
derful stories have been related. Watt enumerates nine
pieces of his, and Wood refers to some almanacs, &c. See
Bibl. Brit., Athen. Oxon., and Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
Bishop Warburton treats Evans as a prophet, and in
1751 (12mo) pub. An Account of the Prophecies of Arise
Evans, the Welsh Prophet, in the last century. This
publication injured the bishop's literary reputation con-
siderably.
Evans, Arthur B. Serms. on the Christian Life and
Character, Lon., 1832, 8vo.
"There is a strength and vigour in his delineations, and an effi-
caciousness in his arguments, which will bear comparison with
the most splendid specimens of our old, sterling, matter-of-fact
theologians."-Lon. Chris. Rememb.
Other works.
Evans, C. See EVANS, Oliver.
Evans, Caleb, D.D., 1737-1791, a Baptist minister,
a native of Bristol, England, pub. several serms., &c., and
&c., and
some pieces on the war between Great Britain and the
American Colonies. See Watt's Bibl. Brit., and Rich's
Bibl. Amer. Nova.
A Letter to the Rev. John Wesley, occasioned by his
Calm Address to the American Colonies; new ed., Lon.,
1775, 12mo; 1st ed. pub. under the signature of America-
nus. A sup. to 1st ed., by another party, was pub. in 1775.
A Reply to the Rev. Mr. Fletcher's Vindication of Rev.
Mr. Wesley's Calm Address, Bristol, 1776, 12mo.
"Mr. Evans is a lively and sensible advocate for the freedom
of the colonies, a spirited controvertist, and a zealous asserter of
those liberal and noble principles to which we were indebted for the
glorious revolution," &c. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, 1776, No.79.
Evans, Charles. Trial of Judge Chase, Balt., 1805,
8vo.
Evans, Christmas. Serms.; a new trans. from the
Welsh; and Memoir of, by Rev. Joseph Cross, Phila., 1854,
8vo. Memoirs of, by D. Phillips, N. York. Memoirs of,
by D. R. Stephen, Lon., 12mo.
|
Evans, D. L., Lt.-Col., is the signature appended to
Facts relating to the Capture of Washington, &c., Lon.,
1829, 8vo.
Evans, David. Serm., 1808, 8vo.
Evans, Mrs. E. H. Poems, with a Preface by her
brother, the Rev. Thomas H. Stockton, Phila., 1851, 12mo.
Evans, Edmund C., M.D. Trans. from the French,
General Notions of Chemistry, by J. Pelonze and E. Fremy,
Phila., 1854, 12mo.
Evans, Edward. Sub. of 4 Serms., Oxon., 1615, 4to.
Evans, Evan, 1730-1790, a Welsh divine and poet,
was educated at Jesus Coll., Oxf. Dissertatio de Bardis;
or, Some Specimens of the Poetry of the Ancient Welsh
Bards, trans. into English, with Notes, &c. The Love of
Our Country; a Poem, with Hist. Notes, 1772, 4to. Some
of his pieces are in the Diddaniock Tenluaidd. He trans.
two vols. of Serms., by Tillotson and others, into Welsh.
Evans, Rev. G. W. D. 1. Classic and Connoisseur
in Italy and Sicily, with an abridged trans. of Lanzi's
This work should
Storia Pittorica, Lon., 1835, 3 vols. 8vo.
be added to the classical tours of Eustace and Hoare, (vide
ante.) 2. Lanzi's Luminaries of Painting, trans. and
abridg. from the Italian, 1848, p. Svo.
Evans, Hugh. Serms., 1773, '81.
Evans, Hugh Davy, LL.D., b. 1792, in Baltimore.
1. Essay on Pleading, Balt., 1827, Svo. 2. Maryland
Common-Law Practice, 1839, 8vo. 3. Essays to Prove
the Validity of Anglican Ordinations, 1844, 12mo. 4.
Second Series. 1851, 2 vols. 5. Essay on the Episcopate
of the Prot. Epis. Church of the U.S. of America, Phila.,
1855, 12mo. Ed. of and contrib. to several Epis. journals.
Evans, Israel, d. 1817, aged 59, minister of Concord,
N. Hampshire, was a native of Pennsylvania, where his
father and grandfather were divines. He graduated at
Princeton College, 1772, was ordained, 1776, and served
in the Revolutionary War as chaplain; minister at Con-
cord, 1789–97. He pub. three sermons and an oration,
1780, 'S3, '91, &c.
Evans, J. Conjugation of French Verbs, Lon., 1795,
Svo.
Evans, James Harrington, 1785-1849, Baptist
minister of John Street Chapel, London. 1. Dialogues
on the Trinity, Lon., 1819, 8vo. Subsequently disapproved
of and suppressed by the author. 2. Letters to a Friend,
12mo. 3. Serms. on the Spirit of Holiness, 4th ed., 1889,
12mo.
"Every page is calculated to awaken prayer and holy meditation.
We cordially recommend it.”—Lon. Christian Lady's Mag.
4. Letters, 32mo. 5. Serm., 1837. 6. Psalms and Hymns,
See notices
18mo. 7. Checks to Infidelity, 1840, 18mo.
in Lon. New Method. Mag., and the Evangel. Mag. 8.
Vintage Gleanings, 1849, r. 32mo; 2d ed., 1850. Memoirs
and Remains of, by his son, the Rev. J. J. Evans, 1852, Svo.
Evans, John. Almanacke for 1631, Lon., 12mo.
Evans, John. The Universall Medicine; or, Vertues
of the Antimoniall Cup, Lon., 1634, 12mo.
Evans, John, Rector of St. Ethelborough, London.
Serm. on Phil. iv. 5, 1682, 4to.
Evans, John, D.D., 1680-1730, a dissenting divine,
a native of Wrexham, Denbighshire, became assistant, and
subsequently successor, to Daniel Williams, in London.
Ile pub. occasional serms., letters, &c., 1704–27, but is best
known by Discourses concerning the Christian Temper:
38 Serms., 4th ed., 1729, 2 vols. 8vo; 1738, '52, '55, '70,
1802, '12, with Life, by Dr. John Erskine, 1825, 8vo. Few
works have been so highly commended.
"That most excellent Treatise called Christian Temper, which
my worthy friend Dr. Evans bath sent abroad, and which is, per-
haps, the most complete summary of those duties which make up
the Christian life, that hath been published in our age.”—Dr.
Watts's Sermons.
"Evans's style is grave, plain. manly, and nervous. His Chris-
tian Temper is one of the best practical pieces in our language.”—
DR. DODDRIDGE.
“A course of excellent sermons on that subject.”—Dr. E. Wil-
liams's C. P.
"His sermons fully discuss various points of Christian temper;
not enough of the Saviour in them.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
Evans, John. The Case of Kneeling at the Holy
Sacrament stated and resolved, Pt. 1, Lon., 1683, 4to; Pts.
1 and 2, 1684, '85, 4to. Serm., 1695, 8vo, on the Death of
Queen Mary.
Evans, John, of Elwell. Serm., 1718, 8vo.
Evans, John. Serm., Lon., 1751.
Evans, John. Cyssondel y Pedair Effengyl; gyd ag
agoriad hyrra Nodau Athrawas; or, A Harmony of the
Four Gospels; in Welsh. With an Expos., Annot., and
Introduc., Lon., 1764, Svo.
Evans, John, M.D. The Bees, a Poem, Lon., 1806-
13, 4to. Con. to Med. Com., 1778-85.
Evans, John. 1. Tour through part of North Waley
in 1798 and at other Times, Lon., 1800, S70. 2. Letter
561
EVA
EVA
written during a Tour through South Wales in 1803 and
at other 'I.mes, 1804, 8vo.
"These works are valuable for botanical information as well as
for descriptions of scenery, manners, agriculture, manufactures,
antiquities, &c., and for mineralogy."-Stevenson's Voyages and
Travels.
3. A Discourse, 1804, 8vo. 4. The Ponderer; a series of
Essays, 1812, 12mo. 5. Remains of Mr. Reed, with Life,
&c., 1816, 8vo.
Evans, John, LL.D., 1767-1827, a Baptist minister,
a native of Usk, Monmouthshire, was from 1792 to 1827
pastor of a congregation of General Baptists, Worship St.,
London. He pub, many serms., theolog. and other works,
for a list of which, see Watt's Bibl. Brit., and Gent. Mag.,
xcvii., Pt. 1, 369. In 1797 he pub. An Attempt to account
for the Infidelity of the late Mr. Gibbon; founded on his
own Memoirs, Svo. His best-known work is A Brief Sketch
of the different Denominations into which the Christian
World is divided, 1794, 12mo. From this date to the death
From this date to the death
of the author fourteen eds., comprising 100,000 copies, were
sold. The 15th ed. was revised by the author immediately
before his death, and pub. in the same year, 18mo. The
18th ed. was pub. in 1841, fp. 8vo. It has been trans. into
Welsh, and various continental languages, and several eds.
have been pub. in the United States of America. Unfor-
tunately the author sold the copyright for only ten pounds!
But his friends have administered to him a negative consola-
tion, by reminding him that a similar sum was paid for the copy-
right of Watts's Hymns, as well as of that gigantic product of bu
man genius, Paradise Lost."-Author's dedication of the 14th ed. to
Lord Erskine.
A correction is required here, which we leave to the reader
to supply.
In 1825, Svo, was pub. a collection of Dr. Evans's Ser-
mons, Funeral Orations, and Tracts.
"We rejoice to see the diffusion of works breathing such a catho-
lic spirit towards the several denominations of Christians, and such
a benevolent temper towards all the human race."-Lon. Mon. Rep.
Evans, Katherine. Sufferings of K. E. and Sarah
Chevers in the Inquisition at Malta, 1662, 4to. History
of the Voyage of K. E. and S. C. to Malta, with their Suf-
ferings in the Inquisition there for near four Years, 1715.
Evans, Lewis. Theolog. treatises, 1565-1621.
Evans, Lewis, d. 1756, a surveyor in Pennsylvania.
Map of the Middle Colonies, &c., 1749; 2d ed., 1755.
Geograph., Hist., Polit., Philos., and Mechanical Essays,
2d ed., Phila., 1755, 4to; do., No. II., Lon., 1756, 4to. A
new ed. of Evans's Map was pub. in 1776 by Mr. Pownall.
Evans, Nathaniel, 1742-1767, a minister in New
Jersey, was a native of Philadelphia. Poems on several
occasions, a serm., &c., 1772. Account of T. Godfrey;
prefixed to Godfrey's Poems.
Evans, Oliver, 1755-1819, a native of Pennsylvania,
was a descendant of Evan Evans, D.D., the first Episcopal
minister of Philadelphia, who died in 1728. Mr. Evans
had an iron foundry, steam mill, &c., and made several im-
provements in mechanics. The Young Engineer's Guide,
1805. Miller and Millwright's Guide, 1797, 1807, 25 plates;
14th ed., with addits. and corrections by Thomas P. Jones;
with a description of an improved Merchant Flour Mill,
by C. and O. Evans, Phila., 1853, Svo.
Evans, R. H. Old Ballads, Historical and Narrative,
&c., with Notes. Collected by Thomas Evans, Lon., 1777,
2 vols. 8vo; 1784, 12mo. Revised by his son, R. H. Evans,
1810, 4 vols. Svo.
Evans, Robert. Serm., 1771, 4to.
Evans, Robert. The Dream; or Noble Cambrians,
1501, 2 vols. 12mo.
Evans, Robert H. A Letter on the Expediency of
a Reform in Parliament, Lon., 1817, Svo.
Evans, Robert Wilson, Rural Dean, Vicar of He-
versham, and late Fellow of Trin. Coll., Camb. Biography
of the Early Church, 1st and 2d series, Lon., 1839, 12mo.
Serms., 1830, Svo. Serms., 1832, Svo. Tales of the An-
eient British Church, 2d ed., 1841, 12mo. Parochial Serms.,
1844, 2 vols. 12mo; 2d ed., 1845, '46, 2 vols. 12mo. Bish-
opric of Souls, 3d ed., 1844, 12mo.
Earnest and awakening, but with partial views.”—Bickersteth's
C. S.
Ministry of the Body, 1847, 12mo; 2d ed., 1851, fp. Svo.
Parochial Sketches in Verse, 1850, 12mo. Rectory of Vale-
head, 15th ed., 1852, 12mo.
|
Universally and cordially do we recommend this delightful
volume. We believe no person could read this work and not be
the better for its pious and touching lessons.-Lon. Literary Guz.
Mr. Evans has written a number of other useful works.
Evans, Smith. Geology Made Easy: a Coloured Chart
of the Strata pierced by the Artesian Well at Pentonville,
shewing the various Strata upon which London is built,
commonly known as the London Basin, Lon., 1851.
"This Chart, which is 15 by 22 inches in size, shews the order
which the different strata of the earth lie upon each other, wit
their character, localities, and organic remains; a section of the
Artesian Well, and of the London Basin, and representations of
the fossils found in the deposits. It may be considered a good
compendium of the geological information of the present day."
Evans, Theophilus. Drych y Prif Esoedd, (Mir-
rour of the Days of Yore,) 1716, 12mo. Highly commended.
Now a rare volume.
Evans, Theophilus. The History of Modern En-
thusiasm, from the Reformation to the present time, Lon.,
1752, 8vo.
Evans, Thomas.
Evans, Thomas.
Edipus, in three Cantos, 16-5.
Refutation of Linguet's Memoirs
of the Bastile, 1783, 8vo. Letter to Earl of Sandwich, 1791.
Evans, Thomas, 1742-1784, an intelligent bookseller
of London, pub. a collection of Ballads, (see EVANS, R. H.,)
and issued new eds., with dedications, of a number of
valuable works. See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes; Gent.
Mag., 1784.
Cambrian Itinerary, Lon., 1801,
8vo. Hist. of the Ancient Britons. In Welsh, 1804, '10,
12mo. Eng. and Welsh Vocabulary; with a Welsh Gram-
mar by Thomas Richards, 1804, '10, 12mo. An ed. by
Wm. Evans, Carmarthen, 1771, 8vo.
Evans, Thomas.
Evans, Thomas, of Philadelphia. Exposition of
the Faith of the Society of Friends. Selected from their
early writings, Phila., 1828, Svo; Lon., 1829, Svo.
Lon., 1847, Svo.
Evans, W. J., M.D. The Sugar Planter's Manual,
..
Dr. Evans's masterly work is full of the most valuable infor-
mation for the planter, and will certainly become immediately the
text-book and standard work of reference on sugar-manufacture.
It should be in the hands of every overseer, book-keeper, and at-
torney, who cannot fail to profit by a careful and frequent study
of its contents."-Colonial Mag.
2. Treatise on Endemic Fevers of the West Indies, 8vo.
Evans, Wm. Thamesiades, or Chastities Triumph,
1602, Svo.
Evans, Wm. Serm., Oxon., 1633, 4to.
Evans, Wm. Trans. of Grotius's Treatise concerning
the Law of War and Peace, Lon., 1715, 3 vols. Svo.
..
The stores of erudition recommend it to the classical scholar,
while his happy application to human life draws to it the attention
of common readers."-CHARLES BUTLER.
charm."-MACKINTOSH.
"Such richness and splendour of literature have a powerful
|
Evans, Wm. David. 1. Salkeld's Reports K. B., 6th
ed., 1793, 3 vols. r. Svo. 2. Money on Law of Insurances,
&c., 1802. Svo. Edited by F. X. Martin, Newbern, 1802,
Svo.
Svo. 3. Decisions of Lord Mansfield in Civil Causes, 1802,
2 vols. 4to. Arranged upon the plan of Blackstone. 4. Po-
thier on Law of Obligations, 1806, 2 vols. 5. Letter to
Sir S. Romilly on the Revision of the Bankrupt Laws,
1810, 8vo. 6. Letters on the Disabilities of R. Catho-
lies and the Dissenters, 1813, Svo. 7. Practice of the C.
Pleas, Lancaster, Lon., 1814, Svo. S. Acts rel. to the Clergy,
with Notes, 1817, Sro. 9. Collection of Statutes, 1818, 8
vols. Svo; 3d ed., continued to 1835, by A. Hammond and
T. C. Granger, 1829-36, 10 vols. 8vo.
Evanson, Edward, 1731-1805, educated at Emanuel
Coll., Camb., became Vicar of South Mimms in 1768, and
two years later Rector of Tewkesbury. In 1771 he was
prosecuted for some sentiments expressed by him in a ser-
mon on the Resurrection, and in 1778 he resigned his liv
ings and became head of a school. Relieved from all
restraint, he soon evinced the most determined opposition.
to several prominent doctrines of Christianity, and is
generally styled an infidel.
1. The Doctrines of a Trinity and Incarnation examined,
1772: anon. 2. Three Discourses, 1773, Svo. 3. Letter to
Dr. Hurd on the Prophecies, 1777, '92, Svo. 4. The Sab-
bath, 1792, 8vo. 5. Dissonance of the four generally re-
ceived Evangelists, and the Evidence of their authenticity
examined, 1792, 8vo. Completely refuted by Thomas Fal-
coner in his Certain Principles, &c., 1811, Svo. 6. Letters
to Dr. Priestley's Young Man, 1794, Svo. 7. State of Re-
ligion in Christendom, 1804, Svo. S. Second Thoughts on
the Trinity, 1805, Svo.
the Trinity, 1805, Svo. See Lon. Monthly Mag., 1805;
Gent. Mag., 1805; Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes.
Evanson, Rev. R. M. Evelyn's Rational Account
of the True Religion, now first pub. from the original MS.
in the library at Wotton, edited with Notes by R. M. E.,
1850, 2 vols. p. 8vo. See EVELYN, JOHN.
Evanson, Wm. Alleyn, Lecturer of St. Luke's, Old
Street, London. Infidel Credulity, Lon., 1826, Svo. Apo-
logy for the Modern Theology of Protestant Germany; a
trans. of a Review of Mr. Rose's Discourses by Dr. Bret-
schneider, 1827, Svo. See Dr. Pusey's work on the same sub-
ject, and Mr. Rose's comments thereon. Traus. of Knittel's
565
EVA
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New Criticisms on 1 John v. 7, 1829, Svo. See Michaelis's
Introduc. to the N. Test:; Lon. Eclectic Rev., 3d Series,
iii. 81; Horne's Bibl. Bib.; Orme on the Heavenly Wit-
nesses.
Evarts, Jeremiah, 1781–1831, secretary of the Amer.
Bd. of Com. for Foreign Missions, a native of Vermont,
was from 1810-20 editor of The Panoplist, a religious and
literary monthly publication. He wrote 24 essays under
the signature of Willium, on the rights and claims of the
Indians, pub. in 1829. He edited the volume of Speeches
on the Indian Bill, and wrote the Introduction. See Dis-
courses on Evarts, by Drs. Wood and Spring; Miss. Herald,
Oct. and Nov., 1831; Memoirs of Jeremiah Evarts, Bos-
ton, 1845, 8vo.
Evarts, Rev. W. W. 1. Bible Manual. 2. Pastor's
Hand-Book. 3. The Bible Prayer Book. 4. Scripture
School Reader; in conjunction with W. H. Wykoff.
Eveleigh, John, D.D., 1747–1814, Provost of Oriel
Coll., Oxf., and Preb. of Rochester. The Trinity, 1791, 8vo.
Sermis. preached before the Univ. of Oxford, 1792, Svo;
do., 1810, Svo. Eight Sermons, preached at the Bampton
Lecture, 1792, 8vo. Plurality of Persons in the Godhead
proved, 1797, Svo. Serm. on 27th Ps., 1806, Svo. Serms.
Serms.
before the Univ. of Oxford, with those at Bampton Lecture.
"He treats them [the topics] with a degree of weight and solidity
which shows that what he writes is the fruit of deep reflection, and
which arrests the attention of the considering reader. There is a
character of sound reasoning, a manner of sober discussion, which
never quits the author. One of his recommendations is the total
absence of all ostentatious display of erudition."-Lon. Quarterly
Review.
Eveleigh, Josiah. Reply to Pierce, Lon., 1719, Svo.
Eveline, Robert. Direction for Adventurers, and
true description of the healthiest, pleasantest, and richest
Plantation of New Albion, in North Virginia, in a letter
from Mayster Robert Eveline, that lived there many years,
1641, sm. 4to. Liber rarissimus.
Evelyn, Charles. Ladies' Recreation; or, The Plea-
sure and Profit of Gardening improved, Lon., 1707, '11, '19,
8vo. In German, Leipsic, 1756, 8vo.
Evelyn, Sir John. Report from the Committee rel.
to Lord Digby's Speech on the attainder of Strafford, 1641,
4to.
Evelyn, John, 1620-1705-6, was a son of Richard
Evelyn, of Wotton, in the county of Surrey, where John
was born on the 31st of October. After preparatory studies
at Lewes and Southover, he was placed in 1637 as a fellow
commoner at Balliol Coll., Oxf. He entered college, as he
tells us with much modesty,
"Rather out of shame of abiding longer at school than any fit-
ness, as by sad experience I found, which put me to relearn all
that I had neglected, or but perfunctorily gained."
At the time of his marriage to Miss Browne, in 1647, at
Paris, she had not attained her 14th year, and seems to have
been a grateful and docile pupil in the course of education
prescribed by the groom, now in his 27th year, and one of
the most accomplished men of his day. She survived him
about three years, and thus commemorates his devotion:
"The Sylva' has no beauties of style to recommend it, and none
of those felicities of expression by which the writer stamps upon
your memory his meaning in all its force. Without such charins,
'Discourse of Forest Trees, and the Propagation of Timber in his
Majesty's Dominions' might appear to promise dry entertainment;
but he who opens the volume is led on insensibly from page to
On leaving college he removed to the Middle Temple,
and had been there but a short time when he lost his father.
enter with his whole heart and all his faculties into the subject.
Anxious to see something of foreign countries, he deter-page, and catches something of the delight which made the author
mined to visit the continent, whence he returned after an
absence of three months. In 1643 he again left home, and
for a number of years resided in France, and other parts
of Europe, occasionally making a short visit to England.
In January, 1651, '52 he settled permanently in the latter
country, residing at Say's Court, near Deptford, formerly
the seat of his father-in-law, Sir Richard Browne, British
resident at the court of France.
"His care of my education was such as might become a father,
a lover, a friend, and husband, for instruction, tenderness. affec-
tion, and fidelity, to the last moment of his life, which obligation
I mention with a gratitude to his memory ever dear to me; and I
must not omit to own the sense I have of my parents' care and
goodness in placing me in such worthy bands."
of Evelyn will be found in the Biog. Brit. We notice some
of the principal. 1. A character of England, purporting
to have been written by a French Nobleman, 1651, 16mo.
See Hallam's Introduc. to Lit. Hist. 2. Fumifugium;
or, The Inconvenience of the Air and Smoke of London
dissipated; together with some remedies humbly proposed.
This was addressed to Charles II., and pub. by his com
mand. 3. Tyrannus; or, The Mode, in a Discourse of
Sumptuary Laws, 1661, Svo.
Sumptuary Laws, 1661, Svo. 4. Sculptura; or, The His-
tory and Art of Chalcography and Engraving on Copper;
with an ample enumeration of the most renowned Masters
and their Works, &c., 1662, Svo; 2d ed., with Life of the
Author, 1755, 12mo. This work was written at the re-
pented request of Robert Boyle. 5. Sylva; or, A Discourso
of Forest Trees, and the Propagation of Timber in his
Majesty's Dominions: to which is annexed Pomona; rel.
to Fruit Trees, 1664, fol. ; 2d ed., 1669; 3d ed., with addits.
and improvements, 1679, fol. 4th ed., 1706, fol; 5th ed.,
1729; new ed., by Dr. Hunter, of York, with Notes and
Engravings, 1776, 2 vols. 4to; 2d ed., to which Terra, a
Philosophical Discourse on Earth, is added, 1786, 2 vols. 4to;
4th improved ed., 1812, 2 vols. 4to; 5th improved ed., 1825,
2 vols. 4to. This work was written by the command of,
and was the first book pub. by, the Royal Society. It was
elicited by certain
Indeed, the character of this excellent man, placed as
he was amidst the corrupting influence of a most unprin-
cipled court, affords a delightful subject of contemplation
for all who venerate moral worth, in this case rendered
more conspicuous by intellectual eminence. Even with
Even with
the dissolute Charles and the contemptible crowd of cour-
tiers who ministered to his vices, the learned, religious,
and accomplished Evelyn was an object of affection as well
as respect. They could not but admire and love an example
which they were content not to imitate. In the Biog. Brit.,
and especially in his Diary and Correspondence, the reader
will find ample details respecting the useful life of one of
the most estimable characters of literary history.
A list of many of the numerous works and translations
A
Queries propounded to that illustrious assembly, the honour-
able the principal Officers and Commissioners of the Navy."
Apprehensions were entertained that the cultivation of
large trees was so much neglected, that in a short time it
would be difficult or impossible to procure sufficient timber
for the purposes of the Navy. Evelyn made an earnest
appeal to the nation to treat this important subject with
due regard. His work was eminently successful. In the
new dedication to Charles II., 2d ed., 1669—5 years after
the publication of the 1st ed.-Evelyn tells the king
"It has been the sole occasion for furnishing your almost ex-
hausted dominions with more, I dare say, than two millions of
timber-trees, besides infinite others, which have been propagated
within the three nations, at the instigation and by the direction
of this work," &c.
The famous Dr. Wotton declares
"It may therefore, perhaps, be esteemed a small character of Mr.
Evelyu's discourse of forest-trees to say, that it out-does all that
Theophrastus and Pliny have left us on that subject; for it not
only does that and a great deal more. but contains more useful
precepts, hints, and discoveries, upon that now so necessary a part
of our Res Rustica, than the world had till then known, for all
the observations of former ages. To name others after him would
be a derogation to his performance."-Reflections on Ancient and
Modern Learning.
(
It is a great repository of all that was then known concerning
the forest trees of Great Britain, their growth and culture, and
their uses and qualities, real or imaginary; and he has enlivened
it with all the pertinent facts and anecdotes which occurred to
him in his reading."-ROBERT SOUTHEY: Lon. Quart. Review, xix. 47.
"While Britain retains her awful situation among the nations
of Europe, the Sylva of Evelyn will endure with her triumphant
oaks. It was an author in his studious retreat, who, casting a
prophetic eye on the age we live in, secured the late victories of
our national sovereignty. Inquire at the Admiralty how the fleets
of Nelson have been constructed, and they can tell you that it was
with the oaks which the genius of Evelyn planted."- Disraeli's
Curiosities of Literature.
"John Evelyn did perhaps more than any of our early writers
to promote and strengthen that taste for rural occupations, among
the enlightened classes, which has now happily become a national
characteristic."
•
"Say's Court was afterwards the residence of the celebrated
Evelyn, whose 'Sylva' is still the manual of British planters, and
whose life, manners, and principles, as illustrated in his Memoirs,
ought equally to be the manual of English gentlemen."--SIR
WALTER SCort: Kenilworth.
"A diligent perusal of this noble work may animate our nobility
and gentry to improve their estates by the never-failing methods
therein recommended.
therein recommended. All persons, indeed, who are owners of
British Critic.
land, may find infinite delight, as well as profit, in this book.”—
“Among the advantages of the present splendid edition (5th im-
proved ed.. 1825, 2 vols. 4to] are the copious and valuable notes
of the learned editor, which, alone, would constitute a very con-
siderable volume of miscellaneous extracts, observations, and anec
dotes, on the nature, properties, culture, and uses of the great
variety of the trees here treated of: comprehending all the disco-
veries and improvements which have been made since Mr. Evelyn's
time."-Lon. Monthly Review.
See Lon. Quar. Review, ix. 45.
6. A Parallel of the Ancient Architecture with the Mo-
dern, 1664, fol.; 1669, Svo; 3d ed., enlarged and corrected,
1697, 1733, fol.; with the addition of Sir Henry Woiton'
566
EVE
EVE
Elements of Architecture. 7. Public Employment and an!
Active Life preferred to Solitude, 1667, 8vo. This is an
answer to Sir George MacKenzie on the other side of the
question. 8. History of Three late Famous Impostures,
1668, '69, 8vo. 9. A Short and Plain Discourse, the chief
heads of the History of Trade and Navigation, their origin
and progress, 1674, 8vo. Dedicated to the King.
"A brief and necessarily very imperfect sketch. It is introduced
by some observations on the advantages of commerce and naviga-
tion, as exemplified in the instances of Holland, Venice, &c."—
McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.
10. Terra; a Philosophical Discourse of the Earth, re-
lating to the culture and improvement of it, for Vegeta-
tion, and the Propagation of Plants, 1675, fol. See notice
of SYLVA, ante. 11. Mundus Muliebris; or the Ladies'
Dressing Room unlocked, and her Toilette spread. In
Burlesque. Together with the Fop's Dictionary, 1690, 4to.
12. Numismata; a Discourse of Medals, ancient and mo-
dern, 1697, fol.
"We might justly have expected whatever could have been de
sired on this subject, from the excellently-learned pen of Mr. Eve
lyn, had he bent his thoughts, as was believed, towards the consi-
deration of our British coins as well as medals. It now appears
that his Numismata carried him no farther than those larger and
more choice pieces that are usually called by this latter name;
whereon he has, indeed, treated with that accuracy and fineness
which become a gentleman and a scholar."-Bishop Nicolson's Eng.
Hist. Lib., 248.
13. Acetaria; or a Discourse of Sallets, 1699, Svo. This
was his last work. He contemplated several extensive
works-A General History of all Trades, The Plan of a
Royal Garden, &c.—which were never compiled; see Biog.
Brit. A review of his agricultural works will be found in
Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
i
Industrious to the last, he was but a short time before
his death busily employed in preparing the 4th ed. of Sylva
for the press. But the time had now arrived when he was
permitted to enter into that rest to which his heart had
ever fondly turned during the course of his long pilgrimage
on earth. He died Feb. 27, 1705-06, in the 86th year of
his age.
All that was mortal of the aged Christian was
interred at Wotton, where his tombstone, by his direction
-anxious to continue his usefulness even when no longer
able to bear a living testimony to the truth-bears this in-
scription:
"That, living in an age of extraordinary events and revolutions,
he had learned from thence this truth, which he desired might be
thus communicated to posterity: THAT ALL IS VANITY WHICH IS NOT
HONEST, AND THAT THERE IS NO SOLID WISDOM BUT REAL PIETY."
This is "the conclusion of the whole matter," and we
shall be wise, indeed, thoughtful reader, if we profit by the
lesson.
In 1825 Mr. Wm. Upcott, the well-known bibliographer,
pub. in a 4to vol. a collection of Evelyn's Miscellaneous
Writings-on Morals, Horticulture, Art, Science, Com-
merce, &c.—many of which had become very rare.
"All these tempting topics we are compelled to fly from, with
many a lingering look, conscious that we have occupied a large,
though by no means an undue space, in affording our readers some
gusto of a volume upon which they may venture to make many a
hearty meal.”—British Critic.
In 1818, 2 vols. 4to, appeared Memoirs illustrative of the
Life and Writings of John Evelyn, Esq., comprising his
Diary from 1641 to 1705-06, and a Selection from his Fa-
miliar Letters, 2d ed., 1819, 2 vols. 4to; 3d ed., 1827, 5
vols. Svo. New ed., 1850, 4 vols. Svo; again, 1854, 4 vols.
8vo. To Mr. Bray, the intelligent editor of this work, and
to Mr. Upcott, his assistant, the public are largely indebted.
It has been truly remarked that
"It is impossible to overrate the interest and value of a diary
and correspondence written by such a man as Evelyn, and in such
times as those of Charles I., Oliver Cromwell, Charles 11., James
II., and William III."
"This work is a necessary companion to the popular histories of
our country-to Iume, Hallam, Macaulay, and Lingard."
"Few, if any, similar publications of our own days more strongly
attracted public attention on their first appearance, or are likely to
retain a more permanent station in our national literature, than
the Diary of Evelyn, a man the more highly honoured and valued
as our acquaintance is permitted to become closer.”—British Critic.
To this work the reader must add The Diary and Cor-
respondence of Samuel Pepys, and he may congratulate
himself upon the possession of treasures of no ordinary
character.
"We have never seen a mine so rich as the volumes before us."
-SIR WALTEr Scott.
In 1818, sm. Svo, was pub. by Bishop Wilberforce of Ox-
ford, from the MS. of Evelyn, bis Life of Mrs. Godolphin.
Now first pub.
"An exquisite book is this for the refined and educated reader.
How could it be otherwise, since the admirable Evelyn has seen
fit to present it to the world? This little book cannot but be at-
tended with many blessings on account of the purity of its tone
and purpose."-Protestant Churchman.
In 1850, 2 vols. p. 8vo, Rev. R. M. Evanson pub. from
the MS. of Evelyn his Rational Account of the True Re
ligion. Now first pub.
As an epitome of all the later arguments against the infidelity
of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the History of Reli-
gion is indeed invaluable."
Of this truly excellent man we may say, with a distin-
guished critic:
“No change of fashion, no alteration of taste, no revolutions of
science, have impaired or can impair his celebrity. Satire, froin
whom nothing is sacred, scarcely attempted to touch him while
living; and the acrimony of political and religious hatred, though
it spares not even the dead, has never assailed his memory."-
ROBERT SOUTHEY: Lon. Quar. Review, xix. 53.
During the evil days when unhallowed violence over-
threw the throne and the altar, Evelyn was a sincere
mourner, and ministered to the necessities of those who
from a state of comparative opulence suddenly found them-
selves reduced to straitness of bread and the melancholy
prospect of continued destitution. When that intrepid
champion of the truth, "of whom the world was not wor-
thy"-Jeremy Taylor-was consigned to the cheerless
walls of a prison, it was John Evelyn who not only ex-
tended present relief, but settled upon him an annual al-
lowance, that he might not be careful for the morrow
in these troublous times, we give an extract which reflects
From a letter of Evelyn's to this attached friend, writton
honour both upon the writer and the one addressed:
"For my part, I have learned from your excellent assistance to
humble myselfe, and to adore the inscrutable pathes of the most
high: God and his Truth are still the same, though the founda-
tions of the world be shaken. Redivivus can shut the Schooles
indeede, and the Temples; but he cannot binder our private inter-
courses and devotions, where the Breast is the Chappell and our
Heart is the Altar. Obedience founded in the understanding will
be the only cure and retraite. God will accept what remaines and
supply what is necessary."
Even the gossiping, worldly-minded, curiosity-hunting
Horace Walpole is betrayed with a generous, but very un-
fashionable, enthusiasm, when expatiating upon the cha-
racter of Evelyn:
"His life, which was extended to eighty-six years, was a course
of enquiry, study, curiosity, instruction, and benevolence. The
works of the Creator, and the mimic labours of the creature, were
all objects of his pursuit. He unfolded the perfection of the one,
and assisted the imperfection of the other. He adored from ex-
amination; was a courtier that flattered only by informing his
prince, and by pointing out what was worthy for him to counte
nance; and was really the neighbour of the gospel, for there was
no man that might not have been the better for him."-Catalogue
of Engravers.
•
A celebrated author, of a very different stamp, bears the
same testimony, when acknowledging some communica-
tion designed to aid an important literary undertaking:
"That most ingenious and virtuous gentleman, Mr. Evelyn, who
is not satisfied to have advanced the knowledge of this age by his
own useful and successful labours about planting and divers other
ways, but is ready to contribute every thing in his power to perfect
other men's endeavours."-BISHOP BURNET: Hist. of the Reforma
tion.
i
We shall conclude our article with the tribute of one of
the most distinguished poets of his age:
"Happy art thou whom God does bless
With the full choice of thine own happiness;
And happier yet, because thou'rt blest
With prudence how to choose the best.
In books and gardens thou hast plac'd aright,
(Things which thou well dost understand,
And both dost make with thy laborious hand.)
Thy noble, innocent delight.
And in thy virtuous wife, where thou again dost meet
Both pleasures more refn'd and sweet,
The fairest garden in her looks,
And in her mind the wisest books:
Oh, who would change these soft yet solid joys
For empty shows and senseless noise
And all which rank ambition breeds.
Which seem such beauteous flowers, and are such pois'nous
weeds," &c.
Cowley's Garden,
Evelyn, John, 1654-55-1698, 3d son of the preced-
ing, educated at Trin. Coll., Camb., was in 1690 made one
of the chief clerks of the Treasury, and in 1691 was elected
a commissioner of the revenue in Ireland. 1. Trans. of
Renatus Rapinus's Latin verses, Of Gardens, 1673, Svo.
2. Trans of Plutarch's Life of Alexander the Great; in vol.
iv. of Plutarch's Lives, by several hands. 3. Hist. of two
Grand Visiers, &c., 1677, Svo. A trans. from the French.
See Dryden's Miscellanies, and Nichols's Collection, for
some of his poems.
Ever, Sampson. See EVER.
Everard of Winchester, temp. Stephen, wrote a
metrical trans. in Anglo-Norman of the Disticha of Dio-
nysius Cato. Helys of Winchester appears to have bor-
rowed largely from this trans. in his own version of the
Disticha, now in MS. in the British Museum. See Le Livre
des Proverbes Français, par Le Roux de Liney, Paris, 1842,
567
EVE
EVE
12ino. Tome Second, pp. 359-375. Everard's Trans. of minster, Thacher, and Emerson. The Monthly Autho
tlo Distichs of Cato. Several other productions are as-logy, established by Phineas Adams, was pub. from 1803
cribed to Everard. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
to 1811.
Lon., 1657, 24mo.
Everard. Levellers of England, Lon., 1649, 4to.
The following list of Mr. Everett's publications presents
Everard, Dr. Hermes Mercurius Trismegistus his a very remarkable instance of versatility of talent and on-
Divine Pomander, trans. out of the original into English,larged range of erudition. Politics and belles-lettres,
political economy and poetry, statistics and æsthetics-sub-
jects the least allied in character or criteria-alternately
passed under the review of the "pen of the ready writer."
1. Europe; or, A General Survey of the Political Situa-
tion of the Principal Powers, with Conjectures on their
Future Prospects, London and Boston, 1822, 8vo. Trans -
Everard, Edward, D.D. Preparatory Latin Gram-lated into German, French, and Spanish. The German
mar, Lon., 1843; new ed., 1849, 12mo.
version was edited by Professor Jacobi, of the University
of Halle.
"It is admirably adapted for the purpose, and has our warmest
recommendations."-Plymouth (Eng.) Herald.
Everard, Edmund, sometime under-secretary to the
French King. 1. Discourses on the Present State of the
Protestant Princes of Europe, Lon., 1679, fol. 2. The
great pressures and grievances of the Protestants in France,
1681, fol.
Serm., 1844, 8vo.
Everard, Giles. Panacea, Lon., 1659, Svo.
Everard, John. Britanno-Romanys, sive Anglige-
narvm in Collegio Romano Vitæ Ratio, Lon., 1611, 8vo.
Everard, John, D.D., a Calvinist divine, temp.
Charles I. Some Gospel Treasures, Lon., 1653, Svo.
Everard, Thomas. Stereometry, Lon., 1684, 12mo.
Everard, W. Mercantile Book-Keeping, Lon., 1675.
Everardt, Job. Stenographia, Lon., 1658, Svo.
Everest, Rev. Charles W., formerly of Meriden,
Connecticut, has pub. a number of poetical and other works.
1. Babylon; a Poem. 2. Hare Bell. 3. Moss Rose. 4.
The Memento. 5. The Snow Drop. 6. The Poets of Con-
necticut. 7. Vision of Death, and other Poems. We may
eite his poem entitled Agriculture, as a beautiful picture
of the pleasures of a country life. Since 1842, Mr. Everest
has given nothing to the press. He now has charge of the
Rectory School at Hamden, Connecticut.
Everett, Alexander Hill, 1790-1847, a native of
Boston, Massachusetts, was a son of the Rev. Oliver Eve-
rett, and a descendant of Richard Everett, whose name
appears in the public records of Dedham, Massachusetts,
for the year 1630. Alexander was born in Boston on the
19th of March, 1790, and entered Harvard College in the
13th year of his age. In 1806 he graduated with the
highest honours; and, after a year's experience as a teacher
in the Phillips Exeter Academy, commenced the study of
law in the office of John Quincy Adams, in Boston. In
1809 he accompanied Mr. Adams on his mission to Russia,
and resided at St. Petersburg and London until 1812.
Returning to the United States on the declaration of war
against Great Britain, he commenced the profession of the
law at Boston, but was soon induced to accept the office
of secretary of legation to the Netherlands. On the re-
tirement of Mr. Eustis from that mission, in 1818, Mr.
Everett succeeded him as chargé d'affaires, and retained
this post until 1824. In this year he returned to the United
States on leave of absence, and in the spring of 1825 was
appointed by President Adams minister to Spain. In 1829
he returned to the United States, and became proprietor
and editor of the North American Review, (1830–35,) to
which he had, during the editorship of his brother Edward,
been one of the most valuable contributors. From 1830 to
1835, Mr. Everett occupied a seat in the legislature of
Massachusetts, and during these years and a few following,
gave much of his time and thoughts to state and national
politics. In the winter of 1840 he resided as a confidential
agent of the U. S. Government in the Island of Cuba, and
whilst there was appointed President of Jefferson College,
Louisiana. He entered upon the responsible duties of this
post in June, 1841, but was soon obliged, by failing health,
to return to New England.
Upon the return of Mr. Caleb Cushing from his mission
to China, Mr. Everett was appointed minister plenipo-
tentiary to that empire, and sailed for Canton July 4th,
1845. A severe attack of illness detained him for some
time at Rio Janeiro; and, hopeless of amendment, he re-
turned home; but in the summer of 1846 he was sufficiently |
recovered to allow of a second attempt to reach his desti-
nation. Arrived at Canton, it soon became evident that
his physical powers were too much prostrated to allow of
any reasonable hope of restoration, and he closed his eyes
in a strange land, June 28th, 1847. For the above facts,
and for the annexed lists of Mr. Everett's contributions to
various periodicals, &c., we are indebted to Griswold's
Prose Writers of America.
Mr. Everett's first published compositions appeared in
The Monthly Anthology, the vehicle of communication
with the public of the Anthology Club of Boston, consist-
ing of George Ticknor, William Tudor, Drs. Bigelow and
Gardener, Alexander H. Everett, and Rev. Messrs. Buck-
-
Mr. Everett devotes the first chapter of his work to an
explanation of the origin of the controversy between God-
win and Malthus. In the following lines he lays down a
position which opens at once a wide field of debate:
|
"It is, in fact, somewhat singular, that while the immediate
object of Godwin was to demonstrate the expediency of practical
reform, and that of Mr. Malthus to prove its inutility, the theories
of both these writers admit, on general grounds, of precisely the
same answer. While Godwin considers political institutions as
absolutely mischievous, Malthus affirms that they are completely
indifferent. The true answer to both is, that they are neither
mischievous nor indifferent, but extremely valuable; that the
origin of evil is not to be found in the existence of society-not in
any supposed law of nature, which creates a necessity of perpetual
famine-but in the primary constitution of the universe."
In the eleventh chapter the political economist will find
the author's explanation of the manner in which the state
of civilization affects the rate of wages, and of the fact that
the individual producer is not always remunerated in pro-
portion to the increased wealth of the community.
He attacks the theory of Malthus as totally untenable,
and labours to prove that the increase of population is in
truth a principle not of scarcity, but of abundance. A re-
view of this work by an eminent critic-Jared Sparks,
LL.D.-will be found in the N. American Review, xvii.
288-310.
2. New Ideas on Population, with Remarks on the Theo-
ries of Godwin and Malthus, London and Boston, 1822
See Mr. E.'s correspondence upon the subject of political
economy with Professor George Tucker, of the University
of Virginia, pub. in 1845. 3. America; or, A general Sur
vey of the Political Situation of the several Powers of the
Western Continent, with Conjectures on their future Pros-
pects, by a citizen of the United States, Phila., 1827, Svo;
Lon., 1828, Svo.
"The appearance of this work has been expected with no incon-
siderable degree of interest. It was generally supposed that a
volume from the pen of the author of Europe,' whatever other
qualities it might possess, could scarcely fail of being an ingenious
and elegant production; and this expectation has been amply
verified in the present instance. We believe that this work will
be generally considered as a valuable accession to American lite-
rature; and it is by no means necessary, in order to appreciate its
merits in this respect, to coincide in all the opinions and views
which it contains. .. The style in which the work is written
would alone warrant us in placing it, as a literary production, in
the highest rank of English classics. It is a style equally free from
the meretricious ornament so prevalent in our own country, and
from the colloquial roughness which distinguishes many of the
ablest British authors of the present time. . . . To our author and
to Washington Irving we are indebted for two of the most success-
ful efforts which have been made in the present century to revive
the Attic elegance which distinguished the best writers of the days
of Addison."-North American heview.
"This essay, however objectionable it may be to an Englishman
in several respects. is marked by ability of the very first order.
Since the publication of those admirable Dissertations which were
collected in The Federalist, we have not seen any political compo-
sition from the pen of an American that can at all be compared
in our best school. We are often compelled to admire the beauty
with this. The style is idiomatic and thoroughly English. formed
of the periods when we are most disposed to differ from the senti-
ments which they convey."-Lon. Monthly Review.
4. Critical and Miscellaneous Essays, Series First, Bost.,
1845, 12mo. 5. Series Second, 1847, 12mo. 6. Poems, 1845,
8vo. To Sparks's American Biography, Mr. Everett con-
tributed the Life of Joseph Warren, in 1st Series, x. 91,
and the Life of Patrick Henry, in 2d Series, i. 207.
Mr. Everett's principal contributions to the North Ameri-
can Review are on the following subjects: 1. French Dra-
matic Literature. 2. Louis Bonaparte. 3. Private Life of
| Voltaire. 4. Literature of the 18th Century. 5. Dialogue
on Representative Government, between Dr. Franklin and
President Montesquieu. 6. Bernardin de St. Pierre. 7.
Madame de Staël. 8. J. J. Rousseau. 9. Mirabeau. 10.
Schiller. 11. Chinese Grammar. 12. Cicero on Govern.
ment. 13. Memoirs of Madame Campan. 14. Degerando's
History of Philosophy. 15. Lord Byron.
568
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The following were written whilst in Spain :
16. McCulloch's Political Economy. 17. Authorship of
Gil Blas. 18. Baron de Staël's Letters on England. 19.
Paraguay. 20. The Art of Being Happy. 21. Politics of
Europe. 22. Chinese Manners. 23. Irving's Columbus.
24. Definitions in Political Economy, by Malthus. 25.
Cousin's Intellectual Philosophy. 26. Canova.
The following were written whilst editor and proprietor
of the Review:
27. British Opinions on the Protecting System. 28.
Politics of Europe. 29. Tone of British Criticism. 30.
Stewart's Moral Philosophy. 31. The American System.
32. Life of Henry Clay. 33. Life and Writings of Sir
James Mackintosh. 34. Irving's Alhambra. 35. Nullifi-
cation. 36. The Union and the States. 37. Hamilton's
Men and Manners in America. 38. Early Literature of
Modern Europe. 39. Early Literature of France. 40.
Progress and Limits of Social Improvement. 41. Origin
and Character of the Old Parties. 42. Character of Jeffer-
43. Dr. Channing. 44. Thomas Carlyle.
His principal contributions to the Democratic Review
are the following:
son.
1. The Spectre Bridegroom, from Burger. 2. The Water
King; a Legend of the Norse. 3. The Grecian Gossips,
imitated from Theocritus. 4. The Worth of Woman, from
Schiller. 5. Enigma. 6 and 7. The Framers of the Con-
stitution. 8. Mrs. Sigourney. 9. Sketch of Harro Har-
ring. 10. The Texas Question. 11. The Re-annexation
11. The Re-annexation
of Texas. 12. Contemporary Spanish Poetry. 13. Green-
ough's Statue of Washington. 14. The Young American.
15. The Malthusian Theory discussed in Letters to Pro-
fessor George Tucker, of the University of Virginia. 16.
The Portress; a Ballad. 17. The Funeral of Goethe, from
Harro Harring.
The contributions to the Boston Quarterly Review were
chiefly, if not altogether, devoted to an exposition of the
questions connected with currency. Among Mr. Everett's
published orations are the following: 1. On the Progress
and Limits of the Improvement of Society. 2. The French
Revolution. 3. The Constitution of the United States.
4. State of Polite Literature in England and the United
States. 5. Moral Character of the Literature of the last
and present century. 6. Literary Character of the Scrip-
tures. 7. Progress of Moral Science. S. Discovery of
America by the Northmen. 9. German Literature. 10. Bat-
tle of New Orleans. 11. Battle of Bunker Hill.
Everett, David, d. 1813, aged 44, editor of Boston
Patriot, and subsequently of The Pilot, was a native of
Princeton, Massachusetts, and graduated at Dartmouth
College in 1795. 1. Common Sense in Dishabille, or The
Farmer's Monitor, 1799. 2. Daranzel; a Tragedy, 1800.
3. Political Essays in the Boston Gazette, over the signa-
ture of Junius Americanus.
"Mr. Everett, whom you may remember at Boston, made bis
maiden speech on this occasion, [Proposition to amend the Con-
stitution: debate in House of Representatives, Washington, session
of 1825-26.) It received very great applause from its manner as
well as matter. He bids fair to be an eminent statesman, after
having figured a considerable time as an eminent clergyman."-Le
ter to J. Evelyn Denison, Esq., M.P., Washington, March 15, 1826.
The reader will thank us for thus recording the testimor
of Judge Story to Mr. Everett's eminence as a preacher
an essayist, and a political orator. We shall have occa-
sion, before closing this article, to quote still further from
the same distinguished authority. No man more highly
valued Mr. Everett's natural talents and ripe scholarship,
and no man would have more heartily welcomed the great
intellectual monument which he so well knew these talents
and scholarship were capable of erecting. But we antici-
pate. In 1812, at the early age of 18, he was appointed
Latin tutor in Harvard College.
In 1814 he pub. a volume of about 500 pages, entitled A
Defence of Christianity, in answer to The Grounds of
These
Christianity Examined, by George B. English.
works we have already noticed at length. See ENGLISH,
GEORGE B.
In 1815 he was elected professor of the Greek Language
and Literature in Harvard College, with the understanding
that he should spend some time in Europe before engaging
in the arduous duties of this post. Whilst abroad he made
the acquaintance of Scott, Byron, Jeffrey, Campbell, Mack-
intosh, Romilly, Davy, and other distinguished literary
and political characters.
The sermon was truly splendid, and was heard with a breath-
less silence. The audience was very large; and, being in that
magnificent apartment of the House of Representatives, it had vast
effect. I saw Mr. King, of New York, and Mr. Otis, of Massachu-
setts, there. They were both very much affected with Mr. Everett's
sermon; and Mr. Otis, in particular, wept bitterly. There were
some very touching appeals to our most delicate feelings, on the loss
of our friends. Indeed, Mr. Everett was almost universally admired,
as the most eloquent of preachers. Mr. King told me he never
heard a discourse so full of unction, eloquence, and good taste."
The following tributes from the same distinguished au-
thority may perhaps be properly quoted in this place:
"I thank you most sincerely for the high pleasure and instruc
tion you have given me in this number of the [N. American] Review.
I agree with you as to Mr. Tudor's book, and you have almost per
suaded me you are right as to the Indians. If you continue to
write thus powerfully, in such a strain of manly, vigorous sense,
with such glowing eloquence, you will humble all of us, but nobly
exalt the pride and character of our country.”—Letter to Edward
Everett, Salem, January 15, 1820.
|
In 1819 he returned home and entered upon the duties
of the Greek Professorship. In addition to his regular lec-
tures, be found time to publish a Greek Grammar, trans. by
him from the German of Buttman, and a Greek Reader,
based upon that of Mr. Jacobs. We extract a notice of
this portion of Mr. Everett's life, from Mr. Hayward's arti-
cle on American Orators and Statesmen, in the London
Quarterly Review for December, 1840:
"Edward Everett is one of the most remarkable men living. He
is a native of Massachusetts, and was born about 1796. At nine
teen he had already acquired the reputation of an accomplished
scholar, and was drawing large audiences as a Unitarian preacher.
At twenty-one (the age at which Roger Ascham achieved a similar
distinction) he was appointed Professor of Greek in Harvard Uni-
versity, and soon afterwards be made a tour of Europe, including
Greece. M. Cousin, who was with him in Germany, informed a
friend of ours that he was one of the best Grecians he ever knew,
and the translator of Plato must have known a good many of the
best. On his return from his travels he lectured on Greek litera-
ture with the enthusiasm and success of another Abelard-we
hope, without the Heloise."
He became editor of the North American Review in
January, 1820, and in the next four years contributed to
its pages about fifty papers, to which are to be added sixty
more, written whilst the Review was under the manage-
ment of his brother Alexander, and of those who succeeded
him. Mr. Everett has given us reason to hope for the pub-
lication of a selection from these excellent papers, and
from the speeches, reports, and correspondence, prepared
from time to time in the discharge of his official duties.
We trust, however, that the contributions to the Review
will be given without the least curtailment; and the rather
from the fact that the earlier numbers of this periodical are
not only now scarce, but not to be bad-save on rare oc-
casions-at any price whatever. On the 8th of May, 1822,
Mr. Everett was married by his old classmate, the Rev. N.
L. Frothingham, D.D., to Charlotte Gray, a daughter of
Peter Chardon Brooks, one of the leading men of Boston.
Mr. Brooks died January 1, 1849, and his biography has
been written by Mr. Everett.
Everett, Edward, one of the most distinguished ora-
tors and scholars of modern times, born 1794, in Dorches-
ter, near Boston, Massachusetts, is a younger brother of
ALEXANDER H. EVERETT: see ante. He entered Harvard
College at the age of 13, and graduated with distinguished
credit in 1811. After two years of preparatory study in the
divinity school in Cambridge, he was at the early age of 19
chosen to succeed the eloquent Buckminster, by whose
death the pulpit of the Brattle Street Church had been left
vacant. As a pulpit orator Mr. Everett soon attained that
distinction which he has invariably acquired in every de-
partment of life which he has successively occupied. An
extract from a letter of the late Judge Story will prove
interesting in this connexion. The writer refers to a cele-
brated sermon of Mr. Everett, entitled "Brethren, the time
is short," delivered in the capitol at Washington, in Febru-gress by the voters of Middlesex, Massachusetts, and eat in
ary, 1820:
In 1824 Mr. Everett was elected to the United States Con-
..
the House of Representatives for ten years. Upon his re-
turn from Congress in 1835, he was for four successive years.
elected Governor of Massachusetts, and at the next elec-
tion defeated by only one out of more than 100,000 votes.
In 1841 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to the
Court of St. James, and resided in London for about five
years. Not the least gratifying testimonial of respect
accorded to Mr. Everett in England, was the degree of
D.C.L., by the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and
from Dublin. On his return home, in 1846, he was elected
to the Presidency of Harvard College, and retained this ho-
nourable post until 1849, when he tendered his resignation,
and was succeeded by Jared Sparks. On the decease of
Daniel Webster, Mr. Everett was appointed Secretary of
State of the United States, and in 1853 he succeeded
failure of his health, he soon rosigned his seat, and is
John Davis as a national Senator. In consequence of the
now (1858) living in retirement at Boston, occupied, it is
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believed, in the preparation of a systematic treatise on the
modern Law of Nations. See Griswold's Prose Writers of
America; Men of the Time, N. York, 1852; The Hundred
Boston Orators, by James S. Loring, Boston, 1854, 8vo.
In addition to the Defence of Christianity, already men-
tioned, and a number of occasional addresses, official let-
ters, reports, &c., Mr. Everett has published, 1. Orations
and Speeches on Various Occasions, 1836. Svo. This vol.
contains 27 speeches, &c. delivered from 1825-36. 2.
portance of Practical Education and Useful Knowledge;
a selection from his Orations and other Discourses, (pub.
in 1836,) N. York, 1847, 12mo. This work was originally
prepared for the Massachusetts District School Library, at
the request of the Board of Education. 3. Orations and
Speeches on Various Occasions from 1826 to 1850, 2d ed.,
Boston, 1850, 2 vols. Svo. This ed. includes all that were
in the ed. of 1836. 3d ed., 1853, 2 vols. Svo. These vo-
lumes contain eighty-one articles; certainly among the
most valuable ever issued from the American or British
press. The titles and dates are as follows:
|
I. The Circumstances Favourable to the Progress of
Literature in America, 1824. II. The First Settlement of
II. The First Settlement of
New England, 1824. III. The First Battles of the Revo-
lutionary War, 1825. IV. The Principle of the Ameri-
can Constitutions, 1826. V. Adams and Jefferson, 1826.
VI. The History of Liberty, 1828. VII. Monument to
John Harvard, 1828. VIII. Speech at Nashville, Ten-
nessee, 1829. IX. Speech at Lexington, Kentucky, 1829.
X. Speech at the Yellow Springs, in Ohio, 1829. XI. The
Settlement of Massachusetts, 1830. XII. Importance of
Scientific Knowledge to Practical Men, and the Encou-
ragements to its Pursuit: the substance of several addresses.
XIII. The Working Men's Party, 1830. XIV. Advantage
of Scientific Knowledge to Working Men, 1831. XV. Co-
Ionization and Civilization of Africa, 1832. XVI. Edu-
cation in the Western States, 1833. XVII. The Bunker
Hill Monument, 1833. XVIII. Temperance, 1833. XIX.
The Seven Years' War the School of the Revolution, 1833.
XX. The Education of Mankind, 1833. XXI. Agricul-
ture, 1833.
XXII. Eulogy on Lafayette, 1834. XXIII.
The Battle of Lexington, 1835. XXIV. The Youth of
Washington, 1835. XXV. Education Favourable to Li-
berty, Morals, and Knowledge, 1835. XXVI. The Battle
of Bloody Brook, 1835. XXVII. The Boyhood and Youth
of Franklin, 1829. XXVIII. Fourth of July at Lowell,
1830. XXIX. American Manufactories, 1831. XXX.
Anecdotes of Early Local History, 1833. XXXI. The
Western Railroad, 1835. XXXII. Anniversary of the
Settlement of Springfield, 1836. XXXIII. The Import-
ance of the Militia, 1836. XXXIV. The Seventeenth of
June at Charlestown, 1836. XXXV. Harvard Centennial
Anniversary, 1836. XXXVI. The Settlement of Dedham,
1836. XXXVII. The Cattle Show at Danvers, 1836.
XXXVIII. The Irish Charitable Society, 1837. XXXIX.
Improvements in Prison Discipline, 1837. XL. Superior
and Popular Education, 1837. XLI. The Boston Schools,
1837. XLII. The Importance of the Mechanic Arts,
1837. XLIII. Reception of the Sauks and Foxes, 1837.
XLIV. Dr. Bowditch, 1838. XLV. Fourth of July, 1838.
XLVI. Education the Nurture of the Mind, 1838. XLVII. |
Festival at Exeter, 1838. XLVIII. Accumulation, Pro-
perty, Capital, Credit, 1838. XLIX. Importance of Edu-
cation in a Republic, 1838. L. The Settlement at Barn-
stable, 1839. LI. Normal Schools, 1839. LII.
LII. Opening
of the Railroad to Springfield, 1839. LIII. The Scots'
LIII. The Scots'
Charitable Society, 1839. LIV. John Lowell, Jr., Founder
of the Lowell Institute; a Memoir, 1839. LV. Dr. Ro-
binson's Medal, 1842.
|
LVI. British Association at Man-
chester, 1842. LVII. University of Cambridge, 1842.
LVIII. The Royal Agricultural Society at Bristol, 1842.
LIX. Agricultural Society at Waltham, 1842. LX. York
Minster, 1842. LXI. Lord Mayor's Day, 1842. LXII.
The Geological Society at London. LXIII. The Royal
Academy of Art, 1843. LXIV. Royal Literary Fund,
1843. LXV. The Agricultural Society at Derby, 1843.
LXVI. Reception at Hereford, 1843. LXVII. Saffron
Walden. 1843. LXVIII. Scientific Association at Cam-
bridge, England, 1845. LXIX. The Pilgrim Fathers,
1845. LXX. University Education, 1846. LXXI. The New
Medical College at Boston. 1846. LXXII. The Famine
in Ireland, 1847. LXXIII. Aid to the Colleges of Massa-
chusetts, 1848. LXXIV. Eulogy on John Quincy Adams,
1848. LXXV. The Cambridge High School, 1848. LXXVI.
Second Speech in Aid of the Colleges of Massachusetts,
1849. LXXVII. American Scientific Association, 1849.
LXXVIII. The Departure of the Pilgrims, 1849. LXXIX.
Cattle Show at Dedham, 1849. LXXX. The Nineteenth
|
570
of April at Concord, 1850. LXXXI. The Bible: Anguat
Meeting of the Massachusetts Bible Society, May 27, 1850
Since the above was written, a third volume of Mr. Eve-
rett's Orations, Discourses, &c., has been placed in the hands
of the printer, and is to be pub. in Boston in 1858. 'It will
contain-Lectures on the Civilization of the Peruvians and
Aztecs, and on the Discovery of America by the Northmen;
Orations and Speeches on the following occasions and sub-
Im-jects: The Anniversary of the Battle of Bunker Hill, 17th
June, 1850; The Annual Examination of the Cambridge
High School; Dinner to Amin Bey; Union Dinner at New
York, 22d Feb., 1851; Cattle Show at Lowell; The Rail-
road Festival in Boston, on opening the road to Canada;
Massachusetts State Agricultural Society; The Warren
Street Chapel; Dinner of the Alumni of Harvard College;
Another Cambridge High School Examination; Dinner to
Mr. Thomas Baring; Hampshire Agricultural Society; In
Faneuil Hall, on the Death of Daniel Webster; Coloniza-
tion Society at Washington; Discovery and Colonization
of America, before the New York Historical Society; Fourth
of July, in Faneuil Hall, on Stability and Progress; The
Sailing of the Pilgrims, at Plymouth, in August, 1853;
New Hampshire Agricultural Society; Death of Vice Pre-
sident King; Fourth of July, 1855, at Dorchester; School
Festival in Faneuil Hall; Death of Mr. Lawrence, in Fa-
neuil Hall; United States Agricultural Festival in Boston;
Presentation of the Cane of Washington, Feb. 23, 1858; also
a Memoir of Peter C. Brooks, and some other articles. This
volume will contain a copious index to the three volumes,
making it a necessary companion to vols. i. and ii. Those
who would witness a remarkable illustration of the power
of eloquence to transfuse life and beauty into the teachings
of science, the lessons of history, the ethics of politics,
and vicissitudes of letters, will not neglect to devote "their
days and nights" to the Orations of Edward Everett.
We need hardly remind our readers that Mr. Everett has
substantial claims to the character of a poet. The Dirge
of Alaric the Visigoth, and the beautiful poem of Santa
Croce, are among the few compositions which the remem-
brance of school-boy declamation can present, without fear
of rebuke, to the maturer judgment of riper years. Several
other poetical productions are among the evidences of their
author's remarkable versatility of talent. A Notice of the
Life and Works of the late Daniel Webster, by Mr. Eve-
rett, will be found in the collective edition of the works of
the former, Boston, 1852, 6 vols. 8vo. To the same dis-
tinguished pen belong_the Life of General Stark, in Sparks's
Library of American Biography, (1st series, i. 1,) and seve-
ral of the Annual Reports of the Massachusetts Board of
Education. The merits of Mr. Everett's productions are
duly estimated, both at home and abroad, and we regret
that our limited space renders brevity of quotation from
commendatory notices a matter of necessity.
The first oration which drew upon Mr. Everett the eyes
of his countrymen at large was delivered at Cambridge
before the Phi Beta Kappa Society, August 27, 1824. The
occasion was one well calculated to call forth the eloquence
of the young orator.
of the young orator. He stood in the presence of much
of the genius and learning of the land: of those who had
written their names in their country's history, and whose
fame was not confined to the vast republic which claimed
them as her sons.
But the remembrance of the mighty dead would have
proved a stronger spell than the presence of the living,
had it not been that the companion of the departed, the
brother-in-arms of the Father of his country, sat that day
an honoured guest of the chief estates of the land which
he had aided to redeem. When the youthful orator had
excited to an almost painful pitch the feelings of the vast
assemblage who hung upon his lips,-when they smiled
er wept, sorrowed over the past or exulted in the present.
at the will of the master who carried them as he listed.-
he suddenly turned to the illustrious guest who had seen
so much of the rise and fall of human greatness-who has
witnessed alike the destruction of a throne and the birth
of a nation—and addressed him in an apostrophe never to
be forgotten by auditor or reader:
"Welcome. friend of our fathers, to our shores! IIappy are our
eyes that behold those venerable features! Enjoy a triumph such.
as never conqueror nor monarch enjoyed-the assurance that
throughout America there is not a bosom which does not beat
with joy and gratitude at the sound of your name! You have
already met and saluted, or will soon meet, the few that remain
of the ardent patriots, prudent counsellors, and brave warriors,
with whom you were associated in achieving our liberty. But
you have looked round in vain for the faces of maay, who would
have lived years of pleasure on a day like this. with their old
companion-in-arms and brother in peril. Lincoln, and Greene,
and Knox, and Hamilton, are gone; the heroes of Saratoga and
;
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Yorktown have fallen before the enemy that conquers all. Above
all, the first of heroes and of men, the friend of your youth, the
more than friend of his country, rests in the bosom of the soil he
redeemed. On the banks of the Potomac he lles in glory and peace.
You will revisit the hospitable shades of Mount Vernon, but him
whom you venerated as we did, you will meet not at its door. His
voice of consolation, which reached you in the dungeons of Olmütz,
cannot now break its silence to bid you welcome to his own roof
But the grateful children of America will bid you welcome to our
shores! and whithersoever your course shall take you, throughout
the limits of the continent, the ear that hears you shall bless you,
the eye that sees you shall give witness to you, and every tongue
exclaim, with heartfelt joy, Welcome! welcome. La Fayette""
"We now and then see stretching across the heavens a clear,
A review of this oration, and of one delivered at Ply-blue, cerulean sky, without cloud, or mist, or haze. And such
mouth in December of the same year, will be found in the
North American Review for April, 1825. To recommend
its perusal to the reader, nothing more need be said than
to give the name of its author-Jared Sparks, Mr. Eve-
rett's successor in the presidency of Harvard College. We
quote a few lines from the conclusion:
C
appears to me our acquaintance. from the time when I beard you
for a week recite your lessons in the little schoolhouse in Short
Street to the date hereof. [21st July, 1852."]
"Professor Everett's recapitulatory remarks and closing reflec-
tions are uttered in a style of uncommon brilliancy and richness;
they inculcate lofty and animating sentiments, and constitute
altogether a rare specimen of eloquence and fine writing."
Perhaps one of the best reviews of Mr. Everett's Ora-
Perhaps one of the best reviews of Mr. Everett's Ora-
tions is that by Prof. E. Laboulaye, of the College of
We re-
France, in the Journal des Débats, Oct. 6, 1853.
gret that we can find room for a brief extract only:
"Il est curieux de suivre la vie publique d'un tel homme, et
c'est ce qu'il est aisé de faire dans les deux volumes que nous avons
sous les yeux. Il n'y a là ni ses œuvres littéraires ni ses harangues
politiques, mais seulement les discours que depuis trente ans a
prononcés M. Everett chaque fois qu'il s'est trouvé en rapport
avec ses concitoyens. Les sujets sont naturellement très variés,
la pensée y est toujours la même; tout s'y réduit à un seul point,
l'éducation intellectuelle, morale, patriotique. du peuple. L'unité
est dans la parole comme elle est dans la vie de l'auteur.”
An eloquent review of Mr. Everett's orations, by Pro-
fessor Felton, will be found in the N. American Review
for October, 1850, and an admirable analysis of his mental
characteristics and oratorical style, by a distinguished
critic, himself an orator of renown, occurs in the same
periodical for January, 1837. We give a brief extract
from the latter:
seen him and see him now, those who have heard him and hear
him now, are very likely to think that his country has demands
upon him for future efforts in its service."-Speech of Daniel Webster
at the first Anniversary Meeting of the Norfolk Agricultural Society.
It is pleasing to know that the friendly, almost fraternal,
relations which united the hearts of these two distinguished
patriots were never disturbed by misunderstandings, nor
chilled by estrangements. To this gratifying truth we
have the annexed touching testimony.
touching testimony. It occurs in a
letter from Mr. Webster to Mr. Everett, written but about
three months before the decease of the foriner:
"The great charm of Mr. Everett's orations consists not so much
in any single and strongly-developed intellectual trait as in that
symmetry and finish which, on every page, give token of the
richly-endowed and thorough scholar. The natural movements
of his mind are full of grace; and the most indifferent sentence
which falls from his pen has that simple elegance which it is as
difficult to define as it is easy to perceive. His level passages are
never tame, and his finé, ones are never superfine. His style, with
matchless flexibility, rises and falls with his subject, and is alter-
nately easy, vivid, elevated, ornamented, or picturesque: adapting
itself to the dominant mood of the mind, as an instrument re-
sponds to the touch of a master's hand. His knowledge is so
extensive, and the field of his allusions so wide, that the most
familiar views. in passing through his hands, gather such a halo of
luminous illustrations, that their likeness seems transformed, and
we entertain doubts of their identity."-GEORGE STILLMAN HILLARD. |
Mr. Tuckerman also notices this remarkable power of
adaptation to subjects the most incongruous, which Mr.
Everett's mind exhibits in so eminent a degree:
"If Webster is the Michael Angelo of American oratory, Everett
is the Raphael. In the former's definition of eloquence, he recor
nises its latent existence in the occasion as well as in the man and
in the subject. His own oratory is remarkable for grasping the
bold and essential; for developing, as it were, the anatomical basis
-the very sinews and nerves of his subject-while Everett in-
stinctively catches and unfolds the grace of occasion, whatever it
be; in his mind the sense of beauty is vivid, and nothing is more
surprising in his oratory than the ease and facility with which he
seizes upon the redeeming associations of every topic, however far
removed it may be from the legitimate domain of taste or scholar-
ship."-Characteristics of Literature; second series; The Orator:
Everett.
The introduction of the name of Daniel Webster gives
us an opportunity of presenting a sketch, drawn by this
eminent statesman, of the services and character of the
subject of our notice:
"We all remember him,-some of us personally,-myself, cer-
tainly, with great interest, in his deliberations in the Congress of
the United States, to which he brought such a degree of learning,
and ability, and eloquence, as few equalled, and none surpassed.
He administered, afterwards. satisfactorily to his fellow-citizens.
the duties of the chair of the commonwealth. He then, to the
great advantage of his country, went abroad. He was deputed to
represent his government at the most important court of Europe:
and he carried thither many qualities, most of them essential, and
all of them ornamental and useful. to fill that high station. He
had education and scholarship. He had a reputation at home and
abroad. More than all, he had an acquaintance with the politics
of the world, with the law of this country and of nations, with the
history and policy of the countries of Europe. And how well these
qualities enabled him to reflect honour upon the literature and
character of his native laud, not we only, but all the country and
all the world, know. He has performed this career, and is yet at
such a period of life, that I may venture something upon the cha-
racter and privilege of my countrymen, when I predict that those
who have known him long and know him now, those who have
Referring to Mr. Webster's hopes of future patriotic
efforts upon the part of the subject of this eulogium, we
may be permitted to say that undoubtedly the best service
that Mr. Everett can confer upon his country is the pro-
duction of a great work upon some broad question, with
which the interests of humanity are sufficiently connected
to insure the preservation of the fame and usefulness of
the author, with the vitality of the subject. We are
pleased, therefore, that Mr. Everett has selected the Law
of Nations as the topic of the treatise which he is now be-
lieved to have in course of preparation. But we cannot
withhold the expression of our hope that the work will be
less restricted in its field than the author leads us to infer,
when he informs us that it will have especial reference
-
To those questions which have been discussed between the
governments of the United States and Europe since the peace of
1793."
The commentaries of so able and luminous an expositor
upon the text, original and collected, of Grotius, Puffendorf,
chesi-Palli, and Massé, would make even the layman in
Burlamaqui, Klüber, Heineccius, Fulbeck, Selden, Luc-
love with learning which, to his great loss, he often re-
grets as "beyond his line and measure." We must con-
fess that we are altogether unwilling to resign to the eru-
dite gentlemen of the long robe all the intellectual pleasure
and improvement arising from the investigation of the
principles of "the perfection of reasoning," as the law has
rather ambitiously, perhaps been styled. Although a
laic, we have found the philosophy of Jurisprudence well
worthy of the "Second Brother's" commendation of philo-
sophy in general, in that
66
Perpetual feast of nectar'd sweets,”-
the Masque of Comus.
But to return to Mr. Everett's projected work: we con-
fess that we hope with trembling, when we remember the
many instances in which the great intellectual architects
of our race have razed the half-built edifice to the ground,
or refused to finish its proportions, from a despair of equal-
ling an ideal model, from which the severity of an exqui-
sitely-refined judgment would tolerate no defalcation.
Much is thus forever lost to the world, which would have
gladly profited by that which has been mistakenly with-
held. Such severe judges of their own labours must con-
sider not only what their works lack of perfection, but to
how great an extent the minds of many of their prospective
readers are deficient of even rudimental knowledge, and
the perception of first principles.
To provide for such, whilst not forgetful of the more
advanced,-to call in the poor and the destitute, who can
make no recompense, as well as to bid those who can
summon in return to the intellectual feast,—may not be
so gratifying to ambition, but it fulfils charity, and is re-
commended by the highest sanction.
play
On imposing convocations, indeed, Jupiter entertained
how to prepare a feast suited to the humbler appetites of
the gods with ambrosia; but the Dioris Pater knew also
mortals. But if there be, indeed-though we are persuaded
better things-any well-grounded apprehension that the
world is never to behold the noble superstructure which
Mr. Everett has long been erecting upon the sure founda-
tion of his deep and solid erudition, then we shall feel jus-
tified in invoking the aid of a potent champion on behalf
of a cause in which the interests of society, the science of
legislation, and the moral and intellectual improvement
of millions, are so deeply concerned. Surely such an ap-
peal as the following-an appeal so eloquent, and from an
authority always so venerable, and now sanctified by the
seal of the tomb-shall not prove in vain :
“You have, I trust, many years before you of health and labour.
What I desire is, that, in addition to the many beautiful-ay,
exquisitely beautiful-specimens of your genius which we have
had upon occasional topics, you would now meditate some great
work for posterity, which shall make you known and felt through
all time as we, your contemporaries, now know and esteem you
571
EVE
EYR
This should be the crowning future purpose of your life. Sat ver-
bum supienti. If I should live to see it. I should hail it with the
ghest pleasure. If I am dead, pray remember that it was one
of the thoughts which clung most closely to me to the very last."
—Judge Story-lo Hon. Edward Everett, Cambridge, May 30, 1840.
See Life and Letters of Judge Story, ii. 333.
Everett, Erastus. A System of English Versifica-
tion, N. York, 1848, 12mo.
"This treatise. which we have examined with some care and
pains. will be found highly useful to those who desire to become
acquainted with the laws of English versification."
Everett, George. The Pathway to Peace and Profit,
or, Truth in its Plain Dress, Lon., 1694, 4to. Encourage-
ment for Seamen and Mariners, 1695, 4to.
Everett, James. See HOLLAND, JOHN.
Everett, John, a famous highwayman, the terror of
benighted travellers on Hounslow Heath, was executed at
Tyburn, February 20, 1729-30. Whilst awaiting death,
he wrote an autobiography entitled A genuine Narrative
of the memorable Life and Actions of John Everett, &c.,
Lon., 1730. A notice of this curious work, accompanied
with extracts, will be found in the London Retrospective
Review, vi. 237, 1822.
20 Perhaps future ages may render classical the deeds of those
younger sons of good families who, induced by necessity rather
than choice, took to the road in search of money and adventuro."
-Ubi supra.
<
Evershed, Wm. Sub. of 2 Discourses, 1780, Svo.
Eves, Mrs. 1. The Grammatical Plaything, 1800, Svo.
2. Scripture made Easy, 1809, Svo.
Eves, George. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1661, 4to.
Cancer, Bath, 1794, Svo.
Lectures on Psalms, Lon., 1822-
Ewart, John, M.D.
Ewart, Rev. John.
26, 3 vols. Svo.
**
Pleasing, moral, and pious."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
Ewbank, George. Serm., 1661, 4to.
Ewbank, Thomas, United States Commissioner on
Patents, was born in the tower of Barnard Castle, in the
north of England, in 1792. Descriptive and Historical
Account of Hydraulic and other machines for raising
Water, Ancient and Modern; including the progressive
development of the Steam Engine, New York, 1842, Svo;
2d ed., 1849, Svo.
"It is full of the gossip of the art: it is just such a book as any
amateur of mechanics would allow to be open on his table for the
purpose of passing the little fragments of his time in occupation
of a light and useful description."-Lon. Athen.
The World a Workshop, N.Y., 1855, 12mo. Life in
Brazil, illustrated, N.Y.. 1856, Svo. Thoughts on Matter
and Force, N. York. 1858. See Lon. Athen., 1858, Pt. 2,
199. Reminiscences in the Patent-Office and of Scenes and
Things in Washington, 1858. In preparation.
Ewen, James. Ovid's Heroids, Lon., 1787, Sro.
Ewen, W. M. 1. Grace and Truth, Edin., 1763, 12mo.
2. Essays, Doctrinal and Practical, 1767, 2 vols. 12mo.
Ewer, John, Bishop of Llandaff, consecrated, 1761.
Serm. on Prov. xxi. 31, 1762, 4to; on Heb. xiii. 16, 1766,
4to; on Rom. x. 14, 1767, 4to.
Ewes, Sir Symonds D'. See D'EWES.
Ewing, A. Serm. on the Church, Forres, 12mo.
Ewing, Alexander, or Archibald, teacher of Ma-
thematics, d. 1804, at Edinburgh. 1. Mathematics, Lon.,
1772, '99, Svo. 2. Arithmetic, 1773, 12mo. 3. Astronomy,
Edin., 1797, Svo.
Ewing, Alexander, M.D. Observ. on the Harverian
Doctrine, in Reply to George Kerr, Lon., 1817, 12mo.
Ewing, Greville, 1767-1841, a native of Edinburgh,
and a minister of the Kirk of Scotland. 1. Serm., Lon.,
1797, 8vo. 2. Remarks on Dick's Serm., 1801. 3. Greek
Grammar, and Greek and Eng. Lexicon, Edin., 1802, Svo;
Glasg., 1812, Svo; Glasg. and Lon., 1827, 8vo. See notices
in Orme's Bibl. Bib., Horne's Bibl. Bib., and Brit. Critic.
4. Gov't, &c. of the Church of Christ, Glasg., 1807, 12mo.
5. Essays addressed to Jews, Lon., 1809, '10, 2 vols. 12mo.
"They display particularly a very accurate acquaintance with
the Old Testament Scriptures, and place many passages in a new
and often interesting light."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
6. An Essay on Baptism, Glasg., 1823, '24, 12mo.
See Mem. of Greville Ewing, by his daughter, 1843, Svo.
Ewing, James. Report to the Directors of the Glasg.
Hosp. rel. to the City Poor, Glasg., 1818.
"An able, well-written, and interesting report."-McCulloch's Lit.
of Polit. Econ.
Report of a Com. on the Burgess Oath, 1819, Svo.
Ewing, James. Justice of the Peace, &c. in N. Jer-
New ed., by a member of the Bar, N. Y., 1848, 8vo.
Ewing, John, D.D., 1732–1802, a native of East Not-
tingham, Maryland, graduated at Princeton College, 1752;
Minister of the First Presbyterian Church, Phila., 1758-
1802; Provost of the University of Pennsylvania, 1779-
1902. Account of the Transit of Venus over the Sun;
Bey.
Trans. Amer. Soc. i. 39. Godfrey's Quadrant, ib. iv. 126.
Serm. on the death of George Bryan, 1791. Serm. in
Amer. Preacher, ii. Lectures on Nat. Philosophy, 1809.
Ilis qualifications as a minister of the Gospel were many and
eminent. Science was with him a handmaid to religion. He was
mighty in the Scriptures." See Linn's Funl. Serm.; Assembly's
Miss. Mag.; Miller, ii. 372; Holmes, ii. 424; Allen's Amer. Biog.
Dict.
Ewing, Capt. Peter. The Soldier's Opera, 1792, 8vo.
Ewing, Thomas, teacher in Edinburgh. 1. The Eng-
lish Learner, Lon., 1815; 14th ed., 1849, 12mo.
ciples of Elocution, revised by T. B. Calvert, 30th ed., Lon.,
2. Prin-
1852, 12mo.
"Its materials are gathered with a tasteful hand from every pe-
riod of our literature."-Lon. Quar. Jour. of Education.
3. Rhetorical Exercises, 12mo. The three preceding
works form a consecutive series.
works form a consecutive series. 4. A New System of
Geography, 1816; with a new General Atlas, 17th ed.,
1849, 12mo.
“We can recommend Mr. Ewing's book to the Geographical stu-
dent."-Lon. Critical Review,
"By far the most elegant and accurate Atlas which we have
seen on a similar scale.' -Blackwood's Mag.
Ewington, H. The Arcana of Short-Hand, 1805,
12mo. New ed., 18mo.
>>
-
"This little work is the most perspicuous. concise, and expedi-
tious method that has been hitherto proposed, and we are per-
suaded that we do students of Short-hand a service, in recon-
mending it to their attention."-Anti-Jacobin Review, Feb. 1808.
Exall, J., a Baptist minister of Tenterden. 1. The
Spirit of Inquiry assisted, Tenterden, 12mo. 2. Brief Cal-
vinistic conclusions on the attributes of God, &c., 1824, 8vo.
Exall, Joseph. Serm., Prov. xiii. 15, Tenterden, 8vo.
Exall, Joshua. Infant Baptism, Lon., 1693, 4to.
Exton, Brudenot, M.D. Midwifery, Lon., 1751, Svo.
Exton, John, LL.D., Judge of the Admiralty. Mari-
time Discæologie; or Sea Jurisdiction in England, in three
books, Lon., 1664, fol.; 2d ed., 1746; 3d ed., 1755, 8vo.
Exton, Richard Brudenell, Rector of Athelington.
1. Bishop Hall's Sacred Aphorisms, Lon., 1823, 12mo.
2. Sixty Lectures on the Psalms of the M. and E. Service,
1847, 12mo.
6.
The Lectures are eloquently and piously written; and they
constitute an admirable source of family edification for the even-
ings of the Lord's Day.”—Ch. of Eng. Jour.
Eyre, Edmund John, a comedian, wrote The Dreamer
Awake; a Farce, 1791, Syo, a number of other plays,
and some poems. See Biog. Dramat., and Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Eyre, Edward. Secret Instructions of Frederick II.
From the French of the Prince de Ligne, 1798, 12mo.
Eyre, Francis, d. 1804, a R. Catholic layman, of
Warkworth Castle. 1. Remarks on Gibbon's Decline and
Fall of the R. Empire, Lon., 1778, Svo; 2. Appeal relative
to ditto, 1799, 8vo. 3. Christian Religion, 1795, Svo.
4. Letter to Rev. R. Churton, 1795. 5. Reply to the same,
1798, Svo. The controversy was upon the respective merits
of the Church of England and that of Rome.
Eyre, Sir James, 1734-1799, Lord Chief Justice of
the Ct. of C. Pleas, was a native of Wiltshire. Charge to
the Grand Jury, Lon., 1792, 4to.
Eyre, John, D.D., Curate of Wylie, Wilts. Serms.,
1756, '58. '61, '77. Composition of a Serm., 1797, Svo.
Eyre, John. Remedies proposed for the Relief of our
Embarrassments, Lon., 1813, Svo.
Eyre, Joseph. Observ. on the Prophecies relating
to the Restoration of the Jews, Lon., 1771, Svo. Extracts
from this work were printed in 1823 by the London Society
for Promoting Christianity among the Jews.
Eyre, Richard, a Canon of Sarum, and Rector of
Burghelere, Hants. Serms., 1713, '15, '16. '17, '26.
Eyre, Richard, D.D., Rector of Bright-Walton, Berks
Serm., Lon., 1767, 4to.
Eyre, Robert, D.D. Serms., 1693, 1700, 8vo.
Eyre, Robert, D.D., Rector of Buckland, Surrey.
Serm., 1735, Sro; 4 do., 1738, 8vo.
Eyre, Lt. Vincent, R. N. 1. Military Operations at
Cabul, 4th ed., Lon., 1843, cr. Svo. 2. Journal of Impri-
sonments continued and concluded, 1843, cr. Svo. 3. Por-
traits of the Cabul Prisoners, 1843, 8vo. 4. Prison Sketches,
1843, cr. Svo.
"Lieutenant Eyre, whose name is prominently mentioned in the
celebrated letter of Lady Sale, was a foremost actor in the scenes
of this dreadful time, and has described them with the knowledge
and precision of an accomplished soldier, and in the manner and
temper eminently suited to such a narrative—straightforward,
manly, unaffected."-Lon. Examiner.
“I will ask you to read the Narrative of Lieutenant Eyre, and
remind you of the description there given of the greatest disaster
that ever befell a British Army."-SIR ROBERT PEEL, in the House
of Commons.
Eyre, Wm., d. 1670, a Calvinistic divine, a native of
Wiltshire, entered the Univ. of Oxf., 1629, aged 16; minis-
512
EYR
FAB
"When completed it will be a book which may find a place in
every gentleman's library in the country to which it belongs, with-
out the objection of enormous bulk or excessive price."—Lon.
Athenaum.
"It is written in that unaffected and simple, yet lucid and forci-
ble. style, which must recommend it to the general historical
reader."-Shrewsbury Chronicle.
Eyton, T. C. 1. Hist. of the Rarer British Birds,
Lon., 1838, 8vo. This forms a Supplement to Bewick's
British Birds. 2. Monograph of the Anatidæ, or Duck
Tribe, Lon., 1838, 4to. 3. Lecture on Artificial Manures,
4. Herd-Book of Hereford Cattle. p. 8vo. Vol.
1844, Svo.
Eyton, John, Vicar of Wellington, and Rector of Ey-
ton, Salop. Serms., 1805, '07, '10. Serms. on various Sub-
jects, Wellington, 1815, 2 vols. 8vo.
i., 1846; vol. ii., Pt. 1, 1848; vol. ii., Pt. 2, 1853.
“The work contains the lists, pedigrees, and portraits of the
Eyton, R. W., Rector of Ryton. Antiquities of Shrop-most celebrated bulls of that breed, and the prices at which many
shire, Pts. 1 to 4, comprising vol. i., 1854, r. 8vo; ii., 1855; of them were sold. It is a very entertaining book to those coa-
iii., and Pts. 1 and 2 of vol. iv., 1856.
nected with Hereford cattle.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
ter of St. Edmund's Church, Salisbury, 1654; ejected for
nonconformity, 1662. Epistola ad Vsserium de textus He-
braici variantibus Lectionibus, Lon., 1652, 4to. The true
Justification of a Sinner explained, &c., 1654; in Latin,
under the title of Vindicia Justificationis Gratuitæ, 1654,
4to.
Eyre, Wm., of Buckingham. Serm., 1785, 4to.
Eyres, Joseph. The Church Sleeper awakened; or,
a Serm. from Acts xx. 9, Lon., 1659, 12ino.
F.
Faber, Frederick Wm., formerly a clergyman of
the Church of England, and now a Priest of the Oratory,
in the Church of Rome. 1. Tracts on the Church and the
P. Book, Lon., 1839, 12mo. 2. Serm. on Education, 1840,
Svo. 3. Cherwell Water-Lily, and other Poems, Lon., 1840,
fp. Svo. 4. Styrian Lake, and other Poems, 1842, fp. Svo.
5. Sights and Thoughts in Foreign Churches, and Foreign
People, 1842, 8vo. 6. Sir Lancelot, a Poem, 1844, fp. Svo.
7. Rosary, and other Poems, 1845, fp. Svo. S. Jesus and
Mary; or, Catholic Hymns, 18mo. 9. Essay on Beatifica-
tion and Canonization, 1848, p. Svo. 10. Oratory of St.
Philip Neri, 1850, 12mo. 11. Catholic Home Missions, 1851,
12mo. 12. All for Jesus; 3d ed., 1855, 12mo. Other works.
Faber, George Stanley, 1773-1854, Master of
Sherburn Hospital, and Prebendary of Salisbury, educated
at University Coll., Oxf., was elected Fellow and Tutor of
Lincoln Coll. before he had reached his 21st year. In 1803
he relinquished his fellowship by marriage; after which
he acted for two years in the capacity of curate to his fa-
ther, the Rev. Thomas Faber, of Calverley, near Bradford,
Yorkshire. In 1805 he became vicar of Stockton-upou-
Tees, three years later vicar of Redmarshall, and in 1811
vicar of Longnewton, where he remained for 21 years.
For these proferments he was indebted to the friendship
of Bishop Barrington. In 1831 Bishop Burgess collated
Mr. Faber to a prebend in Salisbury Cathedral; and in These sermons are evidently the production of no common
1832 Bishop Van Mildert gave him the mastership of Sher-handled with such force of argument, and such correctness of lan-
mind. They comprise many subjects of high importance, and are
burn Hospital, which he retained for the long term of 22guage and taste, that few persons will take up the work without
years-being called to his rest January 27, 1854, in the giving it an entire perusal."-Lon. Christian Observer.
81st year of his age. Mr. Faber's profound erudition, ar-
dent piety, and uncompromising advocacy of what he
esteemed the truth, rendered him an object of respect and
veneration with all classes of his fellow-men. The follow
ing list of his writings exhibits in a striking light the com-
prehensive character of his studies. We extract the titles
from the London Gentlemen's Magazine for May, 1854,
where the reader will find an interesting biographical no-
tice of this excellent man and useful writer:
12. The Origin of Pagan Idolatry, 1816, 3 vols. 4to.
"An elaborate performance.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
13. Serms. on Various Subjects and Occasions, 1816-20,
2 vols. 8vo.
ant himself changed his mind after the publication of his great
work. There are many things, learned and curious, and many
things also fanciful, in the Mysteries of the Cabyri—Orm
Bibl. Bib.
· Erudite and evangelical.”—Bickerstell's C. S.
4. Divine Authority conferred by Episcopal Ordination
necessary to a legitimate discharge of the Christian minis-
try, a Serm., 1802.
5. A Dissert. on the Mysteries of the Cabyri; or, The
great Gods of Phoenicia, &c., 1803, 2 vols. Svo.
"This work establishes the justice of the remark made on the
author's profound acquaintance with antiquity. In this respect
it is second only to the Ancient Mythology of Bryant, from which
3 differs in several important points, on which, however, Mr. Bry- |
6. Thoughts on the Arminian and Calvinistic Contro-
versy, 1803, Svo. 7. Dissertation on the Prophecies that
have been fulfilled, are now fulfilling, or will hereafter be
fulfilled, relative to the great period of 1200 years, the
Papal and Mahomedan Apostacies, the tyrannical reign of
Antichrist, or the Infidel Power, and the Restoration of
the Jews, 1806, 2 vols. 8vo; 4th ed., 1810; 5th ed., 1814;
vol. iii., 1818. Supplement to the above, 1806, Svo. This
work, the author remarks, is superseded by his Sacred
Calendar of Prophecy, 1828, 3 vols. 8vo. See No. 18.
Answer to Bicheno, 1807, 8vo. 9. View of the Prophecies
relating to Judah and Israel, 1808, 2 vols. 8vo. Again,
8.
1809, 2 vols. 8vo.
"A very valuable work."-Bickersteth.
10. Dissert. on the LXX. weeks of Daniel, 1811. Svo. 11.
On the Ordinary Operations of the Holy Spirit, 1813, 8vo;
6th ed., 1846, fp. Svo.
** A valuable experimental work.”—Bickersteth.
Also highly commended in the British Critic.
14. Serm., Isa. lx. 1-5; the Conversion of the Jews, &c.,
1822, Svo. 15. The Genius and Object of the Patriarchal,
the Levitical, and the Christian Dispensations, 1823, 2 vols.
Svo.
·
This partakes strongly of all the characteristics of Mr. Faber's
and a hearty love of hypothesis. There is a great deal said in
writings-strong, masculine sense, extensive classical erudition,
these volumes that must be true, much that may be true, though
not proved to be so. and many things that we believe not to be
true. He combats Bishop Warburton very successfully."-Orme's
Bibl. Bib.
16. The Difficulties of Infidelity, 1824, Svo.
1. Two Sermons, Feb. 10, 1799. 2. An attempt to ex-
plain, by recent events, Five of the Seven Vials, Rev. xvii.
1, 1799, Svo. 3. Horæ Mosaicæ; or, A View of the Mo-
saical Records: S Lectures at the Bampton Lecture, 1801,
2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1818. 2 vols. Svo.
|
"The leading object of it is to establish the authenticity of the
Pentateuch, by pointing out the coincidence of its facts and state-
ments with the remains of profine antiquity, and their connection
with Christianity. . . . Whether the Horæ Mosaicæ be considered
as a work on the evidences of Christianity, or as furnishing illus
trations of various parts of the word of God, its claims are equally
deserving of regard from the Christian student."- Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Those who have not the means or leisure to consult the very
valuable works of Mr. Bryant, Mr. Maurice, and Sir W. Jones, iu
this line, will find in these volumes many of the most striking
facts brought together, and so arranged as justly to corroborate
and confirm the events recorded in the Pentateuch. The refe
rences to other authors are numerous; nor are these confined
solely to the ancients. Additional notes and illustrations are to
be found at the end of each volume."—British Critic, xix., O. S.,
pp. 382, 388.
A masterly and powerfully-written treatise, the purpose of
which is to show, not only that Infidelity has its own proper diffi-
comparably greater and more formidable."
culties as well as Christianity, but that those difficulties are in-
"Faber's works are full of research and valuable matter: he is
an original and pious writer.”—Bickersteth.
17. The Difficulties of Romanism, 1826, Sro. 18. Sup-
plement to ditto, 1828, 8vo; 2d ed., 1830, Svo; 3d ed., 1853,
8vo. Trans. into French and Italian. An Answer to this
was written by J. F. M. Trevern, Bishop of Strasbourg,
trans. by the Rev. F. C. Husenbeth, and pub. in Lon.,
1828, Svo. Faber replied in his Supplement, and Mr.
Husenbeth pub. several treatises upon the subject. See
Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
Sacred Calendar of Prophecy, 1828, 3 vols. Svo; 2d ed.,
19. Original Expiatory Sacrifice, 1827, Svo. 20. The
1844, 3 vols. 12mo.
"Worthy of careful study. It throws much light on the pre-
dictions of the Book of Daniel."-BICKERSTETU.
"Mr. Faber has endeavoured to combine together the various
prophecies both of the Old and New Testament, which treat of
the grand double period of seven times: a period coinciding with
those times of the Gentiles, which are styled, by Mr. Mede, The
Sacred Calendar of Prophecy. In the present more extensive
work, the author has rectified various errors in his preceding pub-
lications on prophecy."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
See an anal of this work in British Critic

}
FAB
33. 21. Letters on the Catholic Question, 1829, 8vo.
22. Answer to Mr. Husenbeth, 1829, 8vo. See Nos. 17
and 18. 23. Four Letters on Catholic Emancipation,
(1829, 8vo. 24. The Fruits of Infidelity contrasted with
The Fruits of Christianity, 1831, 12mo. 25. Assize Serm.,
1832, 8vo. 26. The Apostolicity of Trinitarianism, 1832,
2 vols. 8vo. 27. Recapitulated Apostacy the only Ration-
ale of the concealed Apocalyptic name of the Roman Em-
pire, 1833, 12mo.
*
-
Faber brings arguments to show that aroorarns is the name
intended by St. John, and its number (66.”—Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
28. The Primitive Doctrine of Election, 1836, 8vo; 2d
ed., 1842, Svo.
"We do not hesitate to express our opinion that this will be
found the most useful of all Mr. Faber's writings."-Lon. Christian
Remembrancer.
"A laborious and learned work.”—British Critic.
“Mr. Faber verifies his opinions by demonstration. We cannot
pay it higher respect than by recommending it to all."—Church
of Eng. Quar. Review.
29. Mr. Husenbeth's professed Refutation of the Argu-
ment of the Difficulties of Romanism, 1836, 8vo. See
Nos. 17, 18, and 22.
30. The Primitive Doctrine of Justification, 1837, Svo;
2d ed., 1839. 31. Vallenses and Albigenses, 1838, Svo.
32. The Primitive Doctrine of Regeneration, 1840, Svo.
33. The Doctrine of Transubstantiation, associated with
(34.) Remarks on Dr. Wiseman's Lectures on the Doctrines
of the R. C. Church, 1840, Svo.
"This work will be found full of sound information and learn-
ing, well disposed, and brought with good effect on the argument.
The whole book is written with logical force and precision. and
the sophistries of his antagonist clearly detected."-Lon. Gentle-
man's Magazine.
35. Provincial Letters, on the "Tracts for the Times,"
1842, 2 vols. 12mo; 2d ed., 1844, 2 vols. 12mo.
"But this much we will say, that no one desirous of fully un-
derstanding the whole of the controversy relative to the Tractarian
School should omit to procure these volumes. Mr. Painter has
done well, both for the Churchman and the Church, in drawing
forth from Mr. Faber these Provincial Letters; and Mr. Faber has
proved more than ever his love of that Church of which he is a
sincere and enlightened and high-principled supporter."—Church
and State Gazette.
36. Eight Dissert. upon the promise of a Mighty Deli-
verer, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo.
Ma
Mr. Faber has not confined his attention to one branch of study
-he has taken the whole range of prophecy; and wherever pro-
fane learning or Gentile traditions could throw any light on the
subject. he has not omitted fully and judiciously to avail himself
of the collateral helps for better understanding what may be called
the machinery of sacred visions and prophecies; and so more cor-
rectly applying the highly wrought predictions to the truly corre
sponding historical events.”—Ch. of Eng. Quar. Review.
37. Letters on Tractarian Secession to Popery, 1846,
12mo. 38. A Reply to a Letter to G. S. Faber, by Christo-
pher, Lord Bishop of Bangor, 1847, 8vo. 39. The Three
Unproved Assertions, &c., 1850, 12mo. Refers to Baptis-
mal Regeneration. 40. Many Mansions in the Home of
the Father, 1851, Svo. 41. Papal Infallibility, 1851, Svo.
42. The Revival of the French Emperorship anticipated
from the necessity of Prophecy, 1853, 12mo; 4 eds. in the
same year.
e.,
It will be observed that Mr. Faber's forty-two publica-
tions extend over a period of fifty-five years, i. 1799-
1853.
Few who have written so much and so long have
so well maintained their reputation. In this connexion
we may justly quote the remarks of the author of The
Christian Preacher:
"Mr. Faber is the most voluminous writer of the age. For seve-
ral years his publications have appeared with surprising rapidity,
considering their nature; and yet not one of them bears any mark
of undue haste. His Hora Mosaica. Origin of Idolatry, Difficulties
of Romanism, Difficulties of Infidelity, and treatises on Election,
Justification, Regeneration, Apostolicity of Trinitarianism. &c., are
among the most valuable publications of modern times.”—Dr. E.
Williams's C. P.
Faber, John, Sr. Portraits of the Founders of Col-
leges in Oxford and Cambridge, in mezzotinto, Lon., 1712,
large 4to, or small fol. They have been printed with the ad-
dition of borders, and some of them have been retouched,
and published by Parker. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Faber, Nicholas. A Woman's Prophecying, 4to.
Fabian, or Fabyan, Robert, d., according to Stowe,
1511, according to Bale, 1512, an alderman of London, is
celebrated as the author of Fabyan's Chronicle, whiche he
hymselfe nameth the Concordaunce of Historyes. This
history is divided into seven portions: 1st to 6th inclusive,
from the landing of Brute to the Norman Conquest; 7th,
from the Conquest to the year 1485. In this last we have
the results of his personal observations. He gives a copy
of verses as an epilogue to each portion, under the title of
Seven Joys of the Blessed Virgin. the Chronicle
ave been five edits.-viz., 1st, y ked by Pynson,
1
FAI
1516, fol.; 2d, printed by W. Rastell, 1553, 2 vols. fol.; 3d,
printed by Wm. Bonham, 1542, 2 vols. fol.; 4th, printed
by John Kyngton, 1559, 2 vols. fol.; 5th, with a biogra-
phical and literary Preface, and an Index by Henry Ellis,
1811, r. 4to. This is from Pynson's ed., collated with the
other eds., and a MS. of the author's own time, including
the different continuations.
"The first post in the sixteenth century is due to Robert Fabian,
an eminent merchant, and sometime Sheriff of London. Both Bale
and Pits subdivide his historical writings into a great many seve
ral treatises; but, I presume, what they call his Historariuin Con-
cordantiæ is the sum of all.... He is very particular in the affairs
of London, many good things being noted by him, which concern
the government of that great city, hardly to be had elsewhere.”
Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib.
"Our author's transitions from verse to prose, in the course of
a prolix narrative, seem to be made with much ease, and, when he
begins to versify, the historian disappears only by the addition of
rhyme and stanza.
rhyme and stanza.... As an historian, our author is the dullest
of compilers. He is equally attentive to the succession of the
mayors of London and of the monarchs of England; and seems
to have thought the dinners at Guildhall. and the pageantries of the
city companies, more interesting transactions than our victories in
France, and our struggles for public liberty at home."-Warton's
Sir Henry Ellis's Pref. to Fabyan's Chronicle, edit. 1811.
Hist. of Eng. Poetry; and see Dibdin's Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit., and
Doane, Bp. of N. Jersey; vindicating his (F.'s) priesthood,
Fackler, David Morris. Letter to Rt. Rev. G. W.
N. York, 1851, Svo.
Facy, Wm. Stenography, 1672.
predecessors."-Lowndes's Bill. Man.
"This system exhibits no real improvement upon those of its
Faden, Wm. The Regal Table, Lon., 1718, 12mo.
Faden, Wm. G. 1. The Brit. Colonies in N. America,
1777, fol.
2. Geographical Exercises, 1778, fol. 3. Atlas
Minimus Universalis, 1798, 12mo.
Fage, John. Speculum Egrotorum: The Sick Man's
Glass, Lon., 1606, Svo; 1638, 4to.
Fage, Mary. Fame's Rovle, Lon., 1637, 8vo. This
contains a roll of 420 persons of distinction. Bibl. Anglo-
Poet., £30, q. ". Sir M. M. Sykes, Pt. 1, 1162, £20 58.
Fage, Robert. Infant Baptism, Lon., 1645, 12mo.
Fage, Robert. Descrip. of the World, Lon., 1658, Svc.
Cts. Com. Law, Lon., 1829, Svo.
Fair, F. M. Abridgt. of 1st Rep. of the Commiss. of
Fair, George. Weights and Measures.
Fairbairn. Act for Arming the Nation, 1803.
Fairbairn, John. Treatise on Breeding, Rearing,
and Feeding Cheviot and Blackfaced Sheep, 1823, 8vo.
Fairbairn, Rev. Patrick, of Salton. 1. Exposition
of the 1st Epist. of St. Peter, 1836, 2 vols. 12mo.
6.
Worthy of standing on the same shelf with Ernesti, Tholuck,
and others."-Method. Mag.
12mo; 3d ed., 1857, 2 vols. 8vo; Phila., 1853, 8vo.
2. The Typology of Scripture, Edin., 1845, '47, 2 vols.
"By far the soberest, most systematic, and most satisfactory
work of the kind which we have yet seen."-Ch. of Eng. Quar. Lev.
"A learned, judicious, and truly evangelical volume."-J. PYE
SMITH, D.D.
3. Comment. on the Psalms. Trans., from E. M. Heng-
stenberg, D.D., by Rev. P. Fairbairn and Rev. J. Thomson,
1845-48, 3 vols. 8vo.
"We have met with no commentator who displays higher powers
or sounder qualifications than Prof. Hengstenberg."-Churchman's
Monthly Review.
4. Jonah, his Life, Character, and Mission, 1849, 12mo.
5. Ezekiel, and the Book of his Prophecy, 1851, 8vo.
"A work which casts considerable light on one of the obscurest
portions of God's word.”—Kitto's Journal.
6. The Revelation of St. John; trans. from E. W. Heng-
stenberg, D.D., Edin., 1851, 2 vols. 8vo. 7. Prophecy, &c.,
1856, Svo. 8. Hermeneutical Manual, 1858, 8vo.
Fairbanks, George R.
George R. Hist. and Antiq. of the
City of St. Augustine, Florida, N. York, 1858,
Fairchild, Ashbel G., D.D. The Great Supper:
three discourses on Luke xiv. 16-24, Phila., 18mo. This
defence of the Calvinistic system has been widely circulated.
Fairchild, Thomas. On the different and sometimes
contrary motion in Plants, Phil. Trans., 1724.
Fairchild, Thomas. Serm., 1757.
Fairclough, Daniel and John. See FEATLEY.
Fairclough, Samuel. The Troublers Troubled,
Lon., 1641, 4to. Serms., 1650, '75.
Fairfax, B. Treatise of the Just Interest of the Kings
of England, &c., 1703, 12mo. In Laudem Botanices Oratio,
1717, 4to. Oratio Apologetica, &c., 1718, 4to.
Fairfax, Brian, of Alexandria, Virginia, d. 1802, aged
75. Serm. in Amer. Preacher, vol. i.
Fairfax, Bryan. 1. Cat. of the Pictures of the Duke
of Buckingham, Lon., 1751, 4to. 2. Cat. of his Library,
1756, 8vo. This library was purchased by Mr. F. Child,
and all the catalogues except twenty destroyed. It came
¡


FAI
FAL
-
into the possession of the Countess of Jersey, Osterley
Park, Middlesex.
Fairfax, Edward, d. 1632, the second son of Sir
Thomas Fairfax, of Denton, Yorkshire, passed his days in
lettered ease at his seat at Fuyistone. He wrote a poetical
history of Edward, the Black Prince, twelve eclogues, a
Discourse of Witchcraft, some letters against the Church
of Rome, and a trans. of Tasso's Recovery of Jerusalem.
The letters seem to have been the only one of his compo-
sitions which was printed, with the exception of the fourth
of his eclogues, which will be found in Cooper's Muses'
Library, 1737. The trans. of the Recovery of Jerusalem
was first pub. in 1600, fol. ; 2d ed., 1624, fol.; 3d ed., 1687,
Svo. The 1st ed. is the most correct; the 2d and 3d are
corrupted by interpolations. 4th ed., 1749; more accurate
than the 2d and 3d, but occasionally modernized by the
editor without much taste or judginent. 5th ed., by Charles
Knight, from the old folio of 1600, 1817, 2 vols. 6th ed.,
retaining the old orthography, by Mr. Singer, 1818, 2 vols.
7th ed., by Charles Knight, 1844, 2 vols. 8th ed., 1853,
2 vols. Amer. ed., last impression, 1855, 12mo. The Amer.
ed. gives the text of Charles Knight's ed. from the old folio
ed. of 1600. Prefixed will be found a Critique on Fair-
fax's Tasso, by Leigh Hunt, Charles Knight's Lives of
Tasso and Fairfax, and (taken from Singer's ed.) the Com-
mendatory Poem by Robert Gould to the 3d ed., and a
Poem entitled The Genius of Godfrey to Prince Charles.
To this excellent ed. we must refer the reader for much
valuable information respecting Tasso and his translator.
See also Biog. Brit. for an interesting account of Fairfax,
by Dr. Kippis. Few translations have been honoured with
commendations from so many distinguished authorities.
The names of King James, King Charles, Dryden, Waller,
and Collins, by no means exhaust the list.
"Milton has acknowledged to me that Spenser was his original;
and many besides myself have heard our famous Waller own that
he derived the harmony of his numbers from Godfrey of Bulloigne.
which was turned into English by Mr. Fairfax."-Dryden's Preface
to his Fables.
"Edmund (Edward] Fairfax, one of the most judicious, elegant,
and haply in his time most approved, of English Translators, both
for his choice of so worthily extoll'd a heroic poet as Torquato
Tasso, as for the exactness of his version, in which he is judged by
some to have approved himself no less a poet than in what he
bath written of his own genius."-Phillips's Theat. Poet.
Fairfax, Ferdinando, Lord, d. 1648. 1. Letter to
the Earl of Essex, Lon., 1643, 4to. 2. Letter rel. to the
Victory at Selby, 1644, 4to.
Fairfax, John. Life of O. Stockton, 1681, 4to.
Fairfax, Nathaniel, M.D. Bulk and Selvedge of
the World, Lon., 1674, 12mo. Med. &c. con. to Phil. Trans.,
1667, '68.
Fairfield, Miss Genevieve Genevra, b. 1832, in
N. York, is the eldest daughter of Sumner Lincoln Fair-
field. 1. Genevra; or, The History of a Portrait. 2. The
Vice President's Daughter. 3. The Wife of Two Husbands.
4. The Innkeeper's Daughter, Irene, &c. Miss Fairfield is
a resident of the city of New York.
Fairfield, Mrs. Jane, widow of Sumner Lincoln
Fairfield, is a native of Rahway, N. Jersey. Life of Sum-
ner Lincoln Fairfield, New York, 1846, 12mo. This is an
interesting volume, and does great credit to Mrs. Fairfield's
sensibility and conjugal affection. She is a resident of the
city of New York.
Fairfax, Thomas, Lord, 1611-1671, the celebrated
Parliamentary general, was a warm friend to learning, and
gave to the Bodleian Library 29 ancient MSS. and 49
modern ones. He was the author of Short Memorials of
Thomas, Lord Fairfax, Lon., 1699, Svo, and left many theo-
logical, poetical, and other MS. compositions. See Biog.
Brit.; Park's Walpole's R. & N. Authors; Bibl. Brit.
“One can easily believe his having been the tool of Cromwell,
when one sees, by his own memoirs, how little idea he had of what
he had been about.”—HORACE WALPOLE: R. ‹ N. Authors,
Fairfield, John. Reports of Cases in Sup. Ct. of
Maine, Hallowell, 1835-37, 3 vols. 8vo.
Fairfax has translated Tasso with an elegance and ease, and
at the same time with an exactness, which, for that age, are sur-
prising."-HUME: History of England.
"We strongly recommend this work to the religious reader as
"We do not know a translation in any language that is to be pre-against the attacks of the infidel.”—Lon. Evang. Register.
an armoury of facts, where he may choose defensive weapons
ferred to this in all the essentials of poetry."—Løm.Quarterly Review.
“Fairfax I have been a long time in quest of. Johuson, in his Life
of Waller, gives a most delicious specimen of him."-CHARLES LAMB.
Dr. Johnson introduces the quotation to which Lamb |
refers, with the remark that Fairfax's version, "after Mr.
Hoole's translation, will perhaps not be soon reprinted."
For comparisons of the two translations see authorities
cited above.
Fairfield, Sumner Lincoln, 1803-1844, a native
of Warwick, Massachusetts, acquired considerable reputa-
tion as a poet. His principal works are the following: 1.
The Cities of the Plain. 2. The Heir of the World, 1828.
3. The Spirit of Destruction, 1830. 4. The Last Night of
Pompeii, 1832. 5. The Sisters of Saint Cla-a. A collec-
tion of his writings was pub. in Phila. in 1841. Many of
his poetical and prose writings were originally pub. in the
North American Magazine, a monthly periodical conducted
by him for some years in the city of Philadelphia. For
further particulars respecting Fairfield-certainly a poet
of no ordinary rank-we must refer to the biography by
his widow, Mrs. Jane Fairfield, noticed above.
|
>▸
He wrote much, and generally with commendable aims. His
knowledge of books was extensive and accurate. He had consi-
derable fancy, which at one period was under the dominion of culti-
vated taste and chastened feeling.”—Griswold's Foils and Poetry
of America, q. v.
Fairholme, George. 1. A Genl. View of the Geo-
logy of Scripture, in which the unerring truth of the in-
spired narrative of the early events of the world is exhi-
bited, and distinctly proved by the corroborative testimony
of physical facts on every part of the earth's surface, Lon.,
1838, 8vo. A French trans., entitled Positions Géologiques
et Verification directe de la Bible, was pub. at Munich in
1834, Svo.
See also the Fairfax Correspondence, being Memorials
of the Civil War, from the Correspondence of the Fairfax
Family with the most Distinguished Personages engaged
in the contest; edited by Robert Bell; fine portraits and
facsimiles, 1849, 4 vols. 8vo, (pub. £3.)
The discovery of the Fairfax MSS. is an era in modern literary
history. Crowded with minute details and individual experiences,
they bring us closer to the actual vicissitudes of those stirring
times than any previous publication; and written, for the most
part, at the instant, on the field of battle or in the midst of councils
of war, they preserve a vigour and freshness which contrasts most
agreeably with the formal histories of the period.”
Fairfax, Thomas. The Complete Sportsman; or,
Country Gentleman's Recreation, Lon., Svo.
Fairfax, Wm., eldest son of Edward Fairfax, the
translator of Tasso, trans. Diogenes Laertius out of Greek
into English. He was grammatical tutor to Thomas Stan- |
ley, the author of The Ilist. of Philosophy.
2. New and Conclusive Physical Demonstrations, both
of the Fact and Period of the Mosaic Deluge, and of its
having been the only event of the kind that has ever
occurred upon the earth, 1838, Svo; 2d ed., 1840, 8vo.
"Mr. Fairholme's two treatises (especially the last) are the most
scientific of all the publications which have hitherto been published
on the subject of the geological and other physical proofs of the
universal deluge recorded by Moses."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
See LORD, DAVID N.
Fairholt, F. W. 1. Costume in England; A History
of Dress to the close of the 18th century, Lon., 1846, Svo.
"One of the most useful and interesting books we have seen for
a long time.”—Lon. Literary Gazette.
2. The Home of Shakspere Illustrated and Described,
1847, 12mo. An interesting little volume. 3. Remarkable
and Scientific Characters, 1849, sq.
Fairlie, Mrs. Portraits of the Children of the No-
bility; from drawings by Alfred E. Chalon and other emi-
nent artists. Edited by Mrs. Fairlie, r. 4to.
"The conception of this publication was a brilliant idea.”—Lm.
Literary Gazette.
A
A splendid volume. It is appropriately dedicated to the Queen,
and will, no doubt, speedily find its way into almost every aristo-
cratical mansion in the kingdom.”—Eclectic Review.
Fairman, Capt. 1. Drawback on Wine. 1804, Sro.
2. Letters on the existing Differences between G. Brit. and
Amer., 1813,
Amer., 1813, Svo. 3. Reduc. of the Forces, 1814, Svo,
Fairman, Wm. 1. Longitude at Sea, Lon., 1783, 4to.
2. Treatise on Geography, use of the Globes, and Astro-
nomy, 1788, Svo.
Fairman, Wm. 1. The Public Stocks examined,
Lon., 1795, Svo; Appendix, 1796, Svo.
2. Life Assurance,
1811, Svo.
Fairwheater, Thomas. Serms., 1697, 4to.
Faithorn, John. Liver Complaint, 3d ed., 1818.
Faithorne, Wm., 1616-1691, a celebrated engraver,
a native of London. The Art of Engraving and Etching,
Lon., 1662. See Walpole's Anecdotes; Strutt's Diet.; Bry-
an's Diet.; Spooner's Dict.

Falch, N., M.D. Latitude at Sea, Lon., 1771, 4to.
Seamen's Medical Instructor, 1774, Svo. Other works on
medicine, mechanics, &c., 1772–79.
Falcon, Thomas. Serm., 1760, 8vo.
Falcon, Wm. Astrologorum Ludus, Lon., 1571, 4to.
Falconar, Harriet and Maria. 1. Poems, Lon
1788, 12mo. 2 Poems on Slavery, 1788, Sy Po
Laurels, 17
to."
FAL
Falconbridge, Alex. Slave Trade, Lon., 1788, 8vo.
Falconbridge, Anna Maria. Two Voyages to
Sierra Leone, 1791, '92, Lon., 1794, 12mo; 1795.
Falconer, Sir David, of Newton. Decisions of the
Lords of Council and Session, Nov. 1681-Jan. 1686, Edin.,
1701, 4to.
Falconer, David. Decisions of the Ct. of Sessions,
Nov. 1744-Dec. 1751, Edin., 174€–53, 2 vols. fol.
Falconer, David. A Journey from Joppa to Jeru-
salem, in May, 1751, with occasional Notes, Lon., 1753, 4to.
Contains many amusing passages.
Falconer, Hugh. Selections from the Bostan of
Sadi, Lon., 1838, 16mo. These selections comprise about
a third part of the Moral Poems or chain of Apologues, the
Bostan of Sadi.
"Sadii opus perfectissimum Bustan.”—Gul. Jones.
In conjunction with Proby T. Cautley: Fauna Antiqua
Sivalonis; in Pts., fol., 1846, &c.
"A work of immense labour and research."-Address of the Pre-
sident of the Geological Society of London, 20th Feb., 1846.
Falconer, John. Cryptomenysis Patefacta; or, The
Art of Decyphering Secret Writing, Lon., 1685, Svo; 1692.
Falconer, Magnus. 1. Experimental Inquiries on
Blood, &c., Lon., 1776, 8vo. 2. Synop. of Lect. on Anat.
and Surgery, 1779, 8vo.
Falconer, Capt. Richard. His Voyages, Danger-
ous Adventures, and Imminent Escapes, Lon., 1724, Svo;
new ed., 1837, 18mo. This is said to be fictitious. It was
a great favourite of Sir Walter Scott:
"I have no hobby-horsical commissions at present, unless if you
meet the Voyages of Captain Richard or Robert Falconer, in one
volume-cow-heel, quoth Sancho'-I mark them for my own."-
Scott to Daniel Terry, 20th Oct., 1813.
Scott had long vainly sought for this coveted volume:
"It is very scarce; for, endeavouring to add it to the other fa-
vourites of my infancy. I think I looked for it ten years to no pur-
pose, and at last owed it to the active kindness of Mr. Terry.”.
Scott's note on the fly-leaf of his copy.
6.
Many thanks for Captain Richard Falconer. . . . Nothing ever
disturbed my feelings more than when, sitting by the old oak
table, my aunt, Lady Raeburn, used to read the lamentable catas-
trophe of the ship's departing without Captain Falconer, in conse-
quence of the whole party making free with lime-punch on the eve
of its being launched."-Scott to David Terry, Nov. 10, 1814. See
Lockhart's Life of Scott.
Falconer, Thomas, 1736-1792, a learned layman,
a native and resident of Chester, England. 1. Devotions
for the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, 1786, anon. Many
eds. 2. Chronological Tables from Solomon to the denth
of Alexander the Great, Oxf., 1796, 4to. See strictures on
this work in Rev. Robert Walker's Historical Time, Lon.,
1798, 8vo. 3. Strabonis Geographia. Gr. et Lat. This
was left unfinished, but was completed and pub. by Mr.
F.'s nephew, Rev. Thomas Falconer.
"It has been said that this edition, so long in preparation, dis-
appointed the expectations of the learned. Whatever be the fact,
it is yet considered as the most valuable and azaple edition of
Strabo, and copies are not to be procured under the sum of five or
six guincas.”—Dibdin's Introduc. to Gr, and Lat. Classics.
4. Observ. on Pliny's Account of the Temple of Diana
at Ephesus; in Archæol., vol. xi.
Falconer, Rev. Thomas, d. 1839, nephew of the
preceding. 1. The Voyage of Hanno, trans., &c., Oxf.,
1797, 8vo. 2. Remarks on Bryant on the War of Troy,
Lon., 1799, Svo. 3. Strabonis, sce ante. 4. Certain Prin-
ciples in Evanson's Dissonance of the Evangelists, ex-
amined in 8 discourses, preached 1810, at the Bampton
Lecture, Oxf., 1811, 8vo; Appendix, 1822, 8vo. Other works.
"To say that he has vanquished Evanson is to give but too little
praise. We set forth the volume as a magazine from which the
warrior in the cause of truth may fill his quiver.”—Edin. Christian
Instructor.
FAL
by having the poet appointed a midshipman. After acting
in this capacity, and that of purser, for some time, he re-
tired to the enjoyment of domestic life, having married a
Miss Hicks, daughter of the surgeon of Sheerness Yard.
He now pub. an Ode on the Duke of York's second depart-
ure from England, as Rear-Admiral, and The Demagogue,
a satire on Lord Chatham, Wilkes, and Churchill. In
1769 he gave to the world A Universal Dictionary of the
Marine, 4to, 1771, '80, '84, '89. New and enlarged ed. by
Dr. Wm. Burney, 1815, r. 4to.
~
"A grand National work, comprehending every thing relating
to the Marine of this country: a performance which displays great
industry, sagacity, and precision, and is indispensable to every one
concerned in maritime affairs. It is well worthy a place in every
English library."-Lon, Gent. Mog.
About this time he is said to have received proposals
from John Murray, afterwards the eminent publisher, to
enter into the book business. But the offer of the purser-
all the sailor's love of the sea, and Falconer sailed in this
ship to the Aurora, about to sail to India, no doubt revived
vessel from England, Sept. 30, 1769. She is known to
have touched at the Cape, but was never heard of after-
wards. She is supposed to have foundered in the Mozam-
bique Channel. It adds a melancholy interest to the
thrilling scenes depicted in The Shipwreck, to remember
that the author experienced all, not excepting the last and
most fearful, of the horrors which he has so graphically de-
scribed. A second ed. of The Shipwreck was pub. in 1764,
Svo; 3d ed., 1785, Svo; New ed., with critical Remarks,
additional Notes, and the Life of the Author, by the Rev.
James Stanier Clarke, 1804, 8vo. Other eds. of The Ship-
wreck, 1808, r. 4to., 1818, 12mo. This last edition contains
an engraving of a ship, with references to an explanatory
table. The value of this auxiliary to a non-nautical reader
need not be enlarged on. The other productions of Fal-
coner have never been highly estimated. An ed. of his
Poems, with a Memoir by the Rev. J. Mitford, (Pickering's
Aldine Poets, vol. xxxvii.) appeared in 1836, 12mo. In
in which he was a participator-the wreck of the Britannia
The Shipwreck, Falconer describes an actual occurrenco
off Cape Colonna :
"In all Attica. if we except Athens itself and Marathon. there is
no scene more interesting than Cape Colonna. To the antiquary
and artist, sixteen columns are an inexhaustible source of obser-
vation and design; to the philosopher, the supposed scene of some
of Plato's conversations will not be unwelcome; and the traveller
will be struck with the beauty of the prospect over isles that
crown the Egean deep; but for an Englishman Colonna has yet
an additional interest, as the actual spot of Falconer's Shipwreck.
Pallas and Plato are forgotten in the recollection of Falconer and
Campbell:
Here in the dead of night, by Lonna's steep,
The seaman's cry was heard along the deep.
(Pleasures of Memory.)”—LORD BYRON.
"The Shipwreck has been always popular, and will remain 80,
while British sympathies are excited by the hazards of those who
'Sweep through the deep,
While the stormy tempests blow.'
It contains several fine descriptions of scenery. The characters
of the officers are drawn by a masterly pencil. The episode of
Palemon and Anna is exquisitely wrought.”—S. C. HALL.
The merits of this celebrated composition are indeed un-
deniable. None but a great poet could have written The
Shipwreck, and that great poet must of necessity havo
been a thorough sailor. What home and its placid attrac-
tions are to the landsman, the sea and the storm were to
Falconer. He delights in decking the ocean with all the
terrific sublimity and wild beauty of which it is capable,
and then calling upon us to admire the picture: our admi-
ration may be enforced, but whilst we tremble, we cannot
but applaud.
But a higher value is claimed for this poem than it
possesses as the means of mere intellectual gratification:
"It is of inestimable value to this country, since it contains
within itself the rudiments of navigation; if not sufficient to form
a complete seaman, it may certainly be considered as the graminar
of his professional science. I have heard many experienced officers
declare, that the rules and maxims delivered in this poem. for the
conduct of a ship in the most perilous emergency, form the best,
indeed the only, opinions which a skilful mariner should adopt."-
See Clarke's ed. of The Shipwreck.
Falconer, Thomas. On the Discovery of the Mis-
sissippi, Lon., 1844, 12mo. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova,
anno 1844.
Falconer, Thomas, and E. H. Fitzherbert.
Reports of controverted Elections determined in H. C.,
Lon., 1839, 8vo.
Falconer, William, 1730-1769, the son of an Edin-
burgh barber, at a very early age became a sailor boy on
board a Leith merchantman. When in his 18th year, he
was wrecked in the Britannia off Cape Colonna, only three
of the crew being saved; and in 1760 suffered a second
shipwreck in the Ramilies, when of 734 souls only 26
escaped. In 1751 he pub. a Poem on the death of Frede-
rick, Prince of Wales. This seems to have excited but
little attention. But eleven years later he gave evidence
of the possession of remarkable poetical powers by the
blication of The Shipwreck, (subsequently enlarged and
"The author discusses the employment of rural labourers, thei
proved dedicated to the Duke of York. His royal
diet, accommodation, and medical treatment."-Donaldson's Agri
ledged the complimen.
the dedication¦cult. Biog.
Falconer, Wm., M.D., 1743-1824, a native of Chester,
and a brother of the Rev. Thomas Falconer, the reviewer
of Evanson's Dissonance of the Gospels, pub. many medi-
cal treatises and other works, on natural history, theology,
&c., a list of which will be found in the Bibl. Brit., and
in Gent. Mag. for Oct. 1824. 1. Remarks on the Influ-
ence of Climate, &c. on Mankind, Lon., 1781, 4to. 2. An
Essay on the preservation of the Health of persons engaged
in Agriculture, &c., 1789, 8vo.

FAL
FAN
3. Miscellaneous Tracts and Collections on Nat. History
from the principal writers of Antiquity, 1793, 4to.
He was noted for his large stock of general information,
and an eminent friend, at whose table be often dined,
declared that
“He never saw such a man; that he knew every thing, and
knew it better than any one else.”—LORD Thurlow.
Faldo, John. 1. Quakerism no Christianity, Lon.,
1675, 8vo. 2. 21 Divines cleared from the Crimination of
W. Penn, 1675, 8vo.
Faldo, Thomas. Reformation of Courts of Justice
and Proceedings at Law, 1649, 4to.
Fale, Robert. Report rel. to Brit. Fishery, Lon.,
1786, 8vo.
Fale, Thomas. Art of Dialling, Lon., 1593, 4to, 1626.
Fales, Fanny. See SWIFT, MRS. FRANCES ÉLIZA-
Interest, 1699, 8vo. Tables of
BETH.
Falgate, Isaac.
do., 12mo.
Falkener, a surgeon. Case of Hydrophobia success-
fully treated; Med. Trans., 1772.
Falkener, Edward. 1. Museum of Classical Anti-
quities: a series of Papers on Ancient Art, edited by E.
F., Lon., 1855, r. 8vo.
2. Descrip. of some important Theatres and other Re-
ains in Crete; being a supp. to No. 1, 1855, r. 8vo.
3. Inscriptiones Græcas in itinere Asiatico collectas ab
Edvardo Falkenero edidit Gu. Henzenius. Romæ ex
annalibus Archæologici, Ann. 1852.
Falkener, or Falkner, Wm., D.D. 1. Libertas
Ecclesiastica, Lon., 1674, 4to. 2. Christian Loyalty, 1679,
Svo. 3. A Vindication of Liturgies, 1680, 8vo. 4. Two
Treatises, 1684, 4to. 5. Serms. on the Visitation and
Burial Services: tracts of Angl. Fathers, iii. 311.
Falkirke, John de. Annals of Irish History, 1535-
1841, Lon., 1814, vol. i., Svo.
Falkland, first Viscount.
Falkland, third Viscount.
LUCIUS.
Falkland, second Viscount. See CARY, LUCIUS.
Falkland. Essay on Bigotry, Lon., 1791, 8vo.
Falkland. Review of the Irish H. of Com. and the
Parl. Representation, Dubl., 1789–90, 2 vols. 8vo.
"A curious and interesting work.”—Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Falkland, Charles, Viscount. Cousid. on the com-
petency of the Parl. of Ireland to Union, Lon., 1797, 8vo.
Falkland, W. 1. Iberia; a Poem, 1812. 2. Variety;
a Collection of Poems, 1812, Svo.
Falkner, Frederic. In conjunction with the Author
of British Husbandry: The Muck Manual for Farmers,
Lon., 1843, 12mo. New ed., 1846, fp. Svo.
See CARY, HENRY.
See CARY, HENRY
Falkner, Thomas, d. 1780, a Jesuit missionary of
Manchester, resided for nearly forty years in South Ame-
rica. A Description of Patagonia and the adjoining parts
of South America, Lon., 1774, 4to.
"We have only to regret that the information we here receive is
not more accurate, and the author's authority, in many cases, less
exceptionable."-Lon. Monthly Review, li. 1774.
•
Falkner, Wm., D.D. See FALKENER.
Fall, James. Serm., 1754, Sro.
Fall, Thomas. The Surveyor's Guide, or, every man
his own Road-maker, Retford, 1829, 12mo.
• •
"A most valuable treatise. Surveyors and farmers will be
much informed, and repaid by the labour of perusing this little
volume.”— Donaldson's Agricult. Bing.
Fallal, Ferdinando. Carmina Colloquia, or a dia-
logue bet. the Devil and an Independent, Edin., 1649,4to.
Falle, Philip, 1655–1742, a native of Jersey, became
Rector of St. Saviour's in Jersey, of Shenley in Herts,
and Preb. of Durham. Serms., 1687-1715. Cæsarea; or,
an Account of the Island of Jersey, the greatest of those
islands that are now the only remainder of the English
Dominions in France, Lon., 1694, Svo; with addits. and
corrections, 1734, Svo. This work is highly esteemed.
Fallow, T. M., Curate of All-Souls, St. Marylebone.
The Order of Baptism, both Public and Private, according
to the use of the United Ch. of Eng. and Ireland, Lon.,
1838, 12mo. It includes Synoptical Tables, showing the
alterations in the offices at the revisions, 1552, 1604, '61;
history of the conferences, reasons of the changes made, &c.
"If any man, who shall desire a more particular account of the
several alterations in any part of the Liturgy, shall take the pains
to compare the present book with the former, we doubt not but
the reason of the change may easily appear."-Preface to the Book
of Common Prayer, A.D. 1661.
$7
Fallowes, Thomas. Method of Curing Lunatics
Lon., 1705, 8vo.
Fallowfield, J. Christian Conductor, 1795, 8vo.
Fallowfield, John. Examination of Wm. Taswell's
Antichrist revealed among the Quakers, Lon., 1723, 8vo.
Fallstaff, Sir John. Original Letters of Sir John
Fallstaff. By the Rev. Henry Bate Dudley.
Fanch, James, a Baptist minister at Romsey. 10
Serms. on Practical Subjects, Keith, 1768, 12mo.
"A man of considerable learning and excellent judgment. His
sermons are fine specimens of sound divinity.”—Hist. of the Eng-
lish Baptists.
Fancourt, Samuel, 1678-1768, a dissenting minister,
the inventor of circulating libraries in London, pub. several
serms. and theolog. treatises, 1720-46, &c. See Lon. Gent.
Mag., vol. liv.
Fane, Lady Elizabeth, wrote a number of psalms,
and pious meditations, and proverbs, printed by Robert
Crowland, Lon., 1550, 8vo, under the title of The Lady
Elizabeth Fane's 21 Psalms and 102 Proverbs. Ballard is
at a loss to know whether this lady was the wife of Richard
Fane or of Sir Thomas Fane. See Memoirs of British
Ladies.
"A very useful book."-LORD PALMERSTON.
"Much reliable fact, and we cannot get up from the reading of the
work without being benefited by the task."-Lm. Gardener's Guide.rious
"A very neat and comprehensive work, and a very creditable
performance."—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Fane, Henry Edward, late Aide-de-Camp to his
Excellency the Commander-in-Chief in India. Five Years
in India, Lon., 1841, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
"This is, undoubtedly, the most entertaining work illustrative
of India we have read of late years, and exactly the sort of work
the general reader will be sure to appreciate.”—Lon. New Monthly
Mag.
Fane, Sir Francis, Governor of Doncaster, subse-
quently Governor of Lincoln, temp. Charles II. 1. Love
in the Dark; a Com., Lon., 1675, 4to. 2. Masque for Lord
Rochester's Valentinian, 1685, Svo.
Rochester's Valentinian, 1685, Svo. 3. Sacrifice; a Trag.,
1686, 4to. Sir Francis wrote a number of poems also.
Three will be found in Tate's Collection.
Tis not in Dramatick Poetry alone that our Author is a Mas
ter. but his Talent is equal also in Lyricks."-Langbaine's Eng.
Dram. Poets, J. v.
Fane, Hon. Julian. Poems, Lon., 1852, fp. Svo; 2d
ed., with additional Notes, 1853, 12mo.
Fannant, Edward. The Hist. of the Life, Reign,
and Death of Edward II., King of England, Lon., 1680, fol.
Fannant, Thomas. An Hist. Relation of the man-
ner and form of that memorable Parliament which wrought
wonders, begun at Westminster, 1386, 1641, 4to. Another
ed. same year, with an addit. to the title. See Harleian
Miscellany.
Fannin, John. A Harmony and Exposition of our
blessed Lord's last Prophecy, Dubl., 1832, Sro. See this
noticed in Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Fanning, Golbert, d. 1810, in Tennessee. Correct
method of searching the Scriptures. Editor of the Agri-
culturist, 5 vols. Svo, and editor of and contributor to va-
agricultural journals.
Fanshaw, Sir Thomas. Practice of the Exchequer
Ct. of the offices, officers. &c., Lon., 1658, 12mo.
eldest daughter of Sir John Harrison, and wife of Sir
Fanshawe, Ann Harrison, Lady, 1625-1680, the
Richard Fanshawe. Memoirs of, written by herself, now
first pub. from the original MS. To which are added Ex-
tracts from the Corresp. of Sir Richard Fanshawe, Lon.,
1829, Svo. Edited by Sir N. Harris Nicolas.
"A charming piece of autobiography.”—Lon. New Monthly Mag.
"These Memoirs will probably take their place by the side of
Mrs. Hutchinson's Memoirs, a praise which the admirers of the
latter will know how to estimate."-Lon. Spectator.
"There is not much in this book, either of individual character
or public story. It is, indeed, but a small affair-any way; but
yet pleasing, and not altogether without interest or instruction."
-LORD JEFFREY: Ein. Review.
When the vessel that carried Lady Fanshawe from Ire-
land to Spain was attacked, she put on men's clothes and
fought with the sailors.
Fanshawe, Catherine, a literary lady of the last
generation, was a great favourite with the brilliant circle
of which Scott, Southey, Mackintosh, and Joanna Baillie,
were such distinguished ornaments. She wrote a number
of poetical pieces, of which the Enigma on the lotter H-
often ascribed to Lord Byron-is the best known.
**
•
pping
Among the society at once so dazzling and so charming, there
was no name more distinguished for brilliant and various talent,
Miss Milford's Recollections of a Literary Life.
or for every attractive quality, than that of Catherine Fanshawe."
Fanshawe,SirRichard, 1608-1666,husband of Lady
F., see ante, was the youngest and tenth child of Sir Henry
Fanshawe, Remembrancer of the Exchequer, and brother
of Thomas, Lord Fanshawe. He was educated at Jesus
Coll., Camb., travelled on the Continent, and became famous
for scholarship and knowledge of modern tongues. Dur-
ing the Rebellion he fought in the royal army, and was in
577
FAR
FAR
>
1651 taken prisoner at the battle of Worcester. At the
Restoration he was employed in several diplomatic nego-
tiations, and died at Madrid in 1666, whilst ambassador to
the court of Spain. 1. Trans. in rhyme of Guarino's Il
Pastor Fido; or the Faithful Shepherd. With other Poems,
Lon., 1646, '64, '76, Svo.
“Sir John Denham, in his Verses on this Translation, infinitely
commends it: and tho' he seems to assent to our Author's Notions
touching Translations in general, yet he shews that Sir Richard
has admirably succeeded in this particular Attempt, as the reader
may see by the following Lines; where after having blam'd servile
Translators, he goes on thus:
A new and nobler Way thou dost pursue
To make Translations, and Translators too.
They but preserve the Ashes, thou the Flame,
True to his Sense, but truer to his Fame,'" &c.
Langbaine's Eng. Dram. Poets, q. v.
2. The Lusiad; or Portugall's Historicall Poem, trans.
from Luis de Camoens, 1655, fol. See comments on this
trans. in Mickle's Lusiad. 3. Querer por solo querer; or
to Love only for Love's sake; a Dramatick Romance.
4. Triestas de Aranjuez; these were trans. by Sir Richard
in 1654 from the Spanish of Antonio de Mendoza, 1671,
4to. 5. Original Letters and Negotiations of Sir Richard
Fanshawe, &c., 1671, 4to; 1701, 8vo; 1724, 2 vols. 8vo.
In this collection will be found many particulars connected
with the secret history of the period. See Life of Sir
Richard Fanshawe, by Edmund Turner, in Biog. Brit., a
new article, vol. v., 1793. In some copies of the account
of Sir Richard's Embassies in Spain and Portugal, there
occur after the Preface two leaves entitled A. Short Account
of his Excellency Sir Richard Fanshawe, and his Writings.
A contemporary MS. note (printed in J. H. Burns's Cata-
logue for 1827) thus reads:
..
These two leaves were torn out by Mrs. Fanshawe, who is
mightily incensed at the Bookseller [Abel Roper] for printing them
without her knowledge. She thinks her father is injured by this
Account of him, and intends to publish an advertisement of it. for
which Roper threatens to sue ber, alledging 'twill spoil the sale of
his books."
Faraday, Michael, the most eminent English
mist now living, born in 1794, was the son of a poor black-
emith. Whilst an apprentice to a bookseller in London,
be attended the four last lectures given by Sir Humphry
Davy as Professor to the Royal Institution. He took notes
of these lectures and sent them to Sir Humphry, who was
so much pleased with his remarkable talents that in 1813
he appointed him assistant in the laboratory. Mr. Faraday
has made many important discoveries in beat, light, mag-
netism, electricity, &c. In 1832 he was made Doctor of
Laws by the University of Oxford.
1. Chemical Manipulation, 3d ed. revised, Lon., 1842, Svo.
"No student should think of commencing the study of practical
chemistry without having previously perused this indispensable
guide."-Provincial Medical Journal.
2. Experimental Researches in Electricity. Reported
from the Phil. Trans. of 1831–38; 2d ed., vol. i., 1849; vol.
ii., 1844. 3. Six Lectures on the Non-Metallic Elements,
by Dr. Scoffern, 1853, 12mo.
Farbrother, Roger. Serm., 1697, 4to.
Fardley, Wm. Francis and Josepha; a Tale.
the German of Huber, 1808, 8vo.
Farish, John, of Dumfries. A Treatise on Florin
Grass, 1810, Svo.
"Ilis ideas of practice on the subject of florin grass might pro-
bably have been worth being examined and recorded. They had
not upheld the use of the plant."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Farish, Wm. Report of Camb. Bible Soc., 1811, Svo.
Farley, Edward. Imprist. for Debt Unconstitu-
tional and Oppressive, Lon., 1788, 8vo.
Farley, Harriet, a native of Claremont, New Hamp-
shire, has been for a number of years a contributor to and
editor of The Lowell Offering, a monthly periodical, (com-
menced January, 1841,) sustained by the literary labours
of the factory girls employed in the mills at Lowell, Mas-
sachusetts. An interesting autobiographic letter from
in Mrs. Hale's Woman's Record. In 1847 she pub. a vo-
Miss Farley (not intended for publication) will be found
lume in Boston, containing extracts from the periodical
under her charge, including some of her own contributions,
A
entitled Shells from the Strand of the Sea of Genius.
selection from the Lowell Offering, entitled Mind among
the Spindles, with an Introduction by Mr. Charles Knight,
was pub. in London in 1849. It has been highly com-
che-mended by English, French, and German critics.
Farley, Henry. 1. Complaint of Paules, 1616, 4to.,
Reed, 6749, £2 48. 2. St. Pavles Chvrch, her Bill for the
A curious collection in prose and
Parliament, 1621, 4to.
poetry. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 262, £5 5s.
Farley, J. The Duty and Office of Church-warden in
Ireland, Dubl., 1823, 8vo.
From
With a
Farewell. An East India Colation, 1633.
germ. by Farewell on the Indians, Jadis, £4 198.
Farewell, James. The Irish Hudibras, or Fingal-
lion Prince, &c., Lon., 1689, 8vo.
Farey, John, 1766-1826, an eminent surveyor and
geologist, a native of Woburn, Bedfordshire. General View
of the Agricult. and Minerals of Derbyshire, Lon., 1811,
'13, '17, 3 vols. 8vo. Pub. by order of the Bd. of Agricult.
"It contains a very valuable mass of information on the geo-
logy of Derbyshire, which is one of the most interesting counties
in Britain to the geognost."-Donaldson's Agricull. Biog.
Con. to Phil. Trans., 1811; Nic. Jour., 1813; Phil. Mag.,
1815, '17.
"Sanderson and Farindon, to an extensive and accurate know
ledge of divinity, united an admirable judgment, great clearness
of conception. and, above all, a fervent and unaffected spirit of
devotion."-British Critic.
Faria, Fenasco. His Narrative about the Popish
Plot, Lon., 1680, fol.
Farindon, or Faringdon, Anthony, 1596-1658, a
native of Sunning, Berkshire, was admitted scholar of Trin.
Coll., Oxf., 1612; elected Fellow, 1617; Vicar of Bray,
Berks, 1634; ejected during the Rebellion; subsequently
pastor of St. Mary Magdalen, Milk Street, London. He
was a most eloquent preacher. Serms., vol. i., 1647, fol.;
vol. ii., 1663, fol.; vol. iii., 1673, fol.; 2d ed. of vols. i. and
ii., with addits., 1672, fol.; new ed., 1849, 4 vols. 8vo.
A noted preacher, an eminent tutor, and a worthy example to
be imitated of all."—Athen. Ozon.
"Without exception, the best preacher among the Episcopal mi-
nisters of that age. The Clergy, in their visits to London, used, as
a matter of course, to attend his ministry; for his pulpit was called
C a divinity professor's chair. His sermons are a treasure of sacred
erudition and theology."--Dr. Williams's C. P.
Farindon left some MS. memorials of the life of his friend,
the famous John Hales of Eton.
Ch. of England, Lon., 1707, Svo.
Farington. Religion of many of the Clergy of the
Farington, Joseph, d. 1818. 1. Views of [20] the
Lakes, &c. in Cumberland and Westmoreland, Lon., 1789,
oblong fol. 2. The Lakes of Lancashire, Westmoreland,
and Cumberland, 1816, imp. 4to.
Farington, Wm. Serms., Warring., 1769, Svo.
Farish, Charles. Toleration of Marriage in the Uni-
versities recommended, 1807, Svo. 2. Minstrels of Winder-
mere, 1811, 8vo.
1. Kalendarium Humane Vitæ, The Kalendar of Man's
Farley, or Farlie, Robert, a native of Scotland.
This contains poems on the
Life, Lon., 1638, sm. Svo.
four seasons, in Latin and English. 2. Lychnocausia, sive
Moralia Facium Emblemata: Lights, Morall Emblems,
This
1638, 12mo. 3. Naulogia, sive Inventa Navis, 4to.
is a Latin Poem, inscribed in Prose and Verse to Sir Ro-
bert Aytoun.
Farmer, A. W. Facts on the American Congress,
and the controversy with G. Brit. See Rich's Bibl. Amer.
Nova.
Farmer, Henry T., a native of England, was for
some time engaged in commercial pursuits in Charleston,
S. C., and subsequently removed to New York, where he
became a medical student, and was licensed as a physician
in 1821. He practised medicine in Charleston, S. C., until
his death at the age of 46. Whilst a student, he pub. a
vol. entitled Imagination: The Maniac's Dream, and other
Poems. A specimen of his composition will be found in
E. A. and G. L. Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
Farmer, Hugh, 1714-1787, a dissenting divine of
great learning, a native of a village near Shrewsbury, was
for some time a pupil of Dr. Doddridge. He officiated as
chaplain in the family of Wm. Coward of Walthamstow,
and was minister to a congregation in that village. Mr.
Coward always closed his house at six in the winter and
seven in the summer, and permitted no one, visitor or resi-
On one oc-
dent, to enter his doors after the stated hour.
casion Mr. Farmer was shut out, and sought refuge in the
house of Mr. Wm. Snell. They liked their visitor, invited
him to stay where he was, and the accidental visit of a
night extended to thirty years. This reminds us of Dr.
Isaac Watts's thirty-six years' visit to Sir Thomas Abney's
family, and Dr. Johnson's long residence with the Thrales.
1. Serm. on the Suppression of the Rebellion of 1745, '46.
2. Christ's Temptation in the Wilderness, 1761, 8vo;
3d ed., 1776. 3. A Dissertation on Miracles, 1771, 8vo.
4. Exam. of Le Moine's Treatise on Miracles, 1772, 8vo
5. Essay on the Demoniacs of the N. Test., 1775, 8vo.
6. Letters to Rev. Dr. Worthington in answer to his late
Treatise entitled An Impartial Inquiry into the Case of
the Gospel Demoniacs, 1778, 8vo. 7. Worship of Human
Spirits in the Ancient Heathen Nations, 1783, 8vo. Sce
578
FAR
FAR
FELL, JONN. Life by Michael Dodson, 1804, 5 vols. 8vo.
See this Memoir, and article in Biog. Brit. He left many
He left many
valuable MSS., which were destroyed.
"The works of Farmer are among the most ingenious and learned
theological productions of the last century. They contain many
things worthy of consideration; but at the same time they require
to be read with caution. . . . Our Lord's temptation, according to
Farmer, was a divine vision; the demoniacs of the gospel were
merely persons strongly affected by certain diseases... The chif
opponents of Farmer were Worthington and Fell, who were both
men of learning, but not equal to Farmer in acuteness and com-
mand of temper."-Orme's Bibl. Bib., J. v. See also the remarks
of Bp. Watson.
Farmer, Jacob. Letter rel. to Irish Papists, 1642.
Farmer, John. 1. Divers and Sundry Wares, &c.
upon one playn Song, Lon., 1591, 8vo. 2. English Madri-
gals, 1599.
Farmer, John. Hist. of the Town and Abbey of
Waltham, and the Hist. of Abbies, 977-1558, Lon., 1755, 8vo.
Farmer, John, a dissenting minister, brother of Hugh
Farmer, was assistant minister at Fetter Lane, London,
1730, and at Coggeshall, Essex, 1739. 20 Serms. on va-
rious subjects, Lon., 1744, 8vo.
Farmer, John. Select Cases in Surgery, collected
in St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1757, 4to.
Farmer, John, 1789-1833, of Concord, New
shire. 1. Genealogical Register of the First Settlers of N.
England, Lancaster, Mass., 1829, S. 2. In conjunction
with J. B. Moore, Gazetteer of New Hampshire, Concord,
N. Hamp., 1823, 12mo. Mr. F. pub. several tracts on sub-
jects of local history, and was a contributor to the Collec-
tions of the Mass. and N. Hamp. Hist. Societies.
Farmer, R.
R. 1. The Great Mysteries of Godliness and
Ungodliness discovered from the writings of the Quakers,
Lon., 1655, 4to. 2. A Plain Dealing and Plain Meaning
Sermon, 1660, 4to.
Farmer, Richard. Serm., Lon., 1629, 4to.
Farmer, Richard, a linen draper at Stow-on-the-
Wold, d. 1814, aged 49. The Soldiers; an Hist. Poem,
1802, Svo. Analysis of the Carbonated Chalybeate near
Stow, 1809, Svo.
"How shall I talk of thee, and of thy wonderful collection, ()
RARE RICHARD FARMER?-and of thy scholarship. acuteness, plea-
santry. singularities, varied learning, and colloquial powers! Thy
name will live long among scholars in general; and in the bosoms
of virtuous and learned bibliomaniacs thy memory shall be ever
shrined! The walls of Emanuel College now cease to convey the
Richard Smith's bundles of sticht books,' strewn upon the Loor;
sounds of thy festive wit; thy volumes are no longer seen, like
and thou hast ceased, in the cause of thy beloved Shakspeare. to
delve into the fruitful ore of black-letter literature. Peace to thy
honest spirit: for thou wert wise without vanity, learned without
pedantry, and joyous without vulgarity. . . . Farmer had his fo-
ragers. his jackals, and his arant-couriers, for it was well known
how dearly he loved every thing that was interesting and rare in
the literature of former ages. As he walked the streets of London
Hamp--careless of his dress, and whether his wig was full-bottomed or
narrow-bottomed—he would talk and mutter strange speeches' to
himself, thinking all the time, I ween, of some curious discovery
he had recently made in the aforesaid precious black-letter tomes.
But the reader is impatient for the BIBLIOTHECA FARMERIANA.”
Our readers also must be impatient for the Bibliotheca
Farmeriana, and procure it whenever the opportunity may
occur, which, we can assure them, will be very seldom.
It bears date May, 1798, and contains 8199 articles-and
such articles! But we forbear.
Farmer, Thomas. The Plain Truth, Lon., 1763, 4to.
This refers to the Essay on Women.
Farmer, Wm. Almanack for Ireland, Dubl., 1587, 4to.
"Perhaps the earliest Almanac printed in or for that country."
·Wat's Bibl. Brit.
Farmer, Richard, D.D., 1735–1797, a divine of ex-
tensive learning, a native of Leicester, was educated at
Emanuel Coll., Camb., of which he became Master in 1775.
He subsequently became Vice-Chancellor and principal
Librarian of the University, and obtained prebends at
Lichfield and Canterbury. He exchanged the latter for a
canonry at St. Paul's. Both an English and an Irish
bishopric were offered to him and declined. In 1766 he
issued proposals for pub. a History of the Town of Leices-
ter, from the MSS. of William [should be Thomas] Staveley.
He found the work too laborious, and gave his materials
to John Nichols, whose History and Antiquities of Lei-
cester, 4 vols. fol., 1795-1811, is deservedly valued. In
1766, Svo, Dr. Farmer gave to the world his celebrated
Essay on the Learning of Shakspeare, 2d ed., with large
addits., 1767, Svo.; 12 copies on thick paper. Reprinted
in 1789 and in 1821. Also printed with Steevens's ed. of
Shakspeare, 1793, and the eds. by Read in 1803 and Har-
ris in 1812.
The extent of Shakspeare's knowledge of the classics
which he so freely uses had long been a mooted point.
Farmer hit upon the only plan by which the question could
be settled. He proves that Shakspeare derived his know-
ledge through translations, and not from the originals, by
showing that he has cited the phraseology, and even the
errors, of the translators. We must then agree with an
eminent critic who styles Farmer's Essay
"A work by which an end is put forever to the dispute concern-
Ing the learning of Shakspeare.”—DR. WARTON.
Dr. Johnson and Farmer were well acquainted with each
other; and several letters from the lexicographer to the
Master of Emanuel College will be found in Boswell's Life
of the former. In one dated March 21, 1770, we find the
following reference to Farmer's Essay:
"In support of an opinion which you have already placed above
the need of any more support, Mr. Steevens, a very ingenious gen-
fleman, lately of King's College, has collected an account of all the
translations which Shakspeare might have seen and used. He
wishes his catalogue to be perfect, and therefore entreats that you
will favour him by the insertion of such additions as the accuracy
of your inquiries have enabled you to make.”
We also find the following note in Langton's papers:
"Colman. in a note on his translation of Terence, talking of
Shakspeare's learning, asks, What says Farmer to this? What
says Johnson?' Upon this he observed. Sir, let Farmer answer
for himself: I never engaged in this controversy. I always said
Shakspeare had Latin enough to grammaticise his English.'
See Boswell's Life of Johnson.
>>>
•
•
|
We regret that we lack space to enable us to give both or
either to the reader. And, alas! what space have we
wherein to depict the wonders of Fariner's library? It
was sold by Mr. King, in 1798, and produced £2210, which
was about £1700 more than it was supposed to have cost
him. But for a continuation of this ravishing theme-
ravishing, if our reader be a true Bibliomaniac-we must
refer to Dibdin's Bibliomania. Those who are so unhappy
as to be without this volume deserve pity, and-room or
no room-they shall have a few lines about RARE RICHARL
FARMER:
Dr. Parr excelled in epitaphs and other eulogistic flou-
rishes. He complimented Farmer, both living and dead.
Ag
Farmerie, Wm. Serms., 1710, '16.
Farnabie, or Farnaby, Thomas, 1575-1647, an
eminent grammarian, a native of London, studied for some
time at Merton Coll., Oxf., which he left for a college of the
Jesuits in Spain. Returning to England, he taught school
alternately at Martock in Somersetshire, in London, and
at Sevenoaks, in Kent. He had charge of the sons of
many of the noblemen, and acquired a large property.
During the Rebellion he suffered imprisonment as a friend
to the monarchy. He pub. several learned works-com-
mentaries on Juvenal, Persius, Seneca, Martial, Ovid, Te-
rence, and Lucian, Index Rhetoricus, 1625, Svo, Systema
Grammaticum, 1641, Svo, &c.-for particulars of which
see Athen. Oxon., Biog. Brit., and Genl. Dict.
The remark of his which offended the Parliamentarians
was, that it was "better to have one king than five hun-
dred:" which shrewd reflection is of itself enough to prove
round to his way of thinking. But good laws are the best
him a man of excellent sense. The nation soon came
kings.
He was the chief grammarian, rhetorician, poet, latinist, and
Grecian, of his time; and his school was so much frequented. that
more churchmen and statesmen issued thence than from any school
taught by one man in England."-Athen. Oxon.
Farnaby, Giles. Canzonets to Forre Voyces, 1598,4to.
Farnaby assisted Ravenscroft in putting parts to some of the
Psalm-tunes published at the beginning of the next century.”—
Lowndes's Biol. Man.
CC
Farneworth, Ellis, d. 1762, Rector of Carsington,
Derbyshire. 1. Life of Pope Sextus V., trans. from the
Italian of Gregorio Leti, Lon., 1754, fol.; Dubl., 1778, Svo.
2. A short Hist. of the Israelites, trans. from the French
of Abbé Fleury, Lon., 1756, Svo.
看着
​This little book contains a concise, pleasing. and just account
of the manners, customs. laws, polity, and religion, of the Israelites.
It is an excellent introduction to the reading of the Old Testament,
and should be put into the hands of every young person. An ele-
gant English version of it, by Mr. Farneworth, was first printed
in 1756." Vide Bishop Horne's Discourses, vol. i.
New ed., by Adam Clarke, q. v., 1805, 12mo. 3. The
Hist. of the Civil Wars of France, trans. from the Italian
of Davila, 1757, 2 vols. 4to.
1
"The great historian of this time is Davila. His work may le
referred to in all the more important particulars, especially with
respect to the views, interests, and intrigues of the different leaders
and factions.”—Prof. Smyth's Lec!. on Mod. Hist.
And see AYLESBURY, WM.; COTTEREL, SIR CHARles.
4. The Works of Machiavel, trans. and illustrated with
Notes, Anecdotes, and Life, 1761, 2 vols. 4to; 1775, 4 vols.
Svo. See BEDINGFIELD, THOMAS.
"We are told in the House of Commons by Mr. Fox, that the
public, and refounders of it, seem always to have had Machiavel's
of Machiavel is great. The founders of the French Re
Discourses or Livy in their view.”—Pursuits of Literature
I
579
FAR
FAR
|
"Machiavelli, in his history of Florence, instructed the Italians
in the art of uuiting the eloquence of history with the depth of
reflection. He has attached himself much less than his predeces-
sors in the same line, to the narration of military events. But bis
work, as a history of popular passions and tumults, is a master-
piece; and Machiavelli has completed. by this noble example of his
theories. his analysis of the human beart. He has left three come-
dies, which, by the novelty of the plots, by the strength and viva-
city of the dialogues, and by their admirable delineation of charac-
ter, are far superior to all that Italy bad then, or has perhaps since,
produced."-Sismondi.
We Jack space, and it does not enter into our plan, to
discuss the vexed question of the morale of Machiavelli's
remarkable productions. An excellent paper on the sub-ling
ject will be found among Mr. T. B. Macaulay's Miscellanies.
Farnham, Mrs. E. W. Life in Prairie Land, N.
York, 1846, 12mo. A work of great sprightliness, which
should be read by all who think of "emigrating to the
emigrating to the
Western Country."
"This is a delightful book, and will afford most agreeable
ing. The authoress has a quick eye aud graphic pen. and describes
the statistics of a large city or the peculiar mode of a sun-bonnet
with the same facility and pleasantness."
"It is made up of a series of charming and lifelike pictures of a
personal residence in the Far West-perfect daguerreotypes of a
Settler's daily habits. &c.. together with graphic sketches of travel
in various sections of that far-spreading and fertile country. The
work is enlivened by a rich vein of irresistible humour, interwoven
with passages of great power and eloquent beauty, eminently im-
pressive and suggestive.”—Democratic Review.
Farnham, Rt. Hon. Barry Maxwell, Earl of.
Examination into the Principles of the Speech of Lord
Minto, &c., Dubl., 1800, 8vo. See Park's Walpole's R. &
N. Authors.
Farnworth, Richard, pub. a number of theolog.
treatises, 1653-58.
Farquhar, David. The Torch of Time, Lon., 1849,
12mo. This is one of three excellent Prize Essays, origi-
nally pub. in one volume, intended to exhibit the Temporal
Advantages of the Sabbath considered in relation to the
Working Classes. The subject is one of great importance
to the best interests of Society.
Farquhar, Ferdinand. The Relics of a Saint: a
The Relics of a Saint: a
right merry Tale, Lon., 1816, 12mo.
Farquhar, George, 1678-1707, a comic dramatist,
the son of a clergyman, was a native of Londonderry. In
1694 he was sent to Trinity Coll., Dublin, which he de-
serted for the boards of the Dublin theatre. He left the
stage in consequence of having accidentally stabbed a
brother actor-not fatally, however-whilst playing Guyo-
mar in the Indian Emperor of Dryden. His friend Wilks,
the famous actor, persuaded him to turn author; and, un-
fortunately for the world, a lieutenant's commission, con-
ferred upon him by Lord Orrery, enabled him to corrupt
the age by his licentious plays, instead of being obliged
to get his living by some honest employment. 1. Love
and a Bottle; a Comedy, 1698. 2. Constant Couple; or,
Trip to the Jubilee; a Comedy, 1700, '10, Svo. 3. Sir
Harry Wildair; or, The Sequel of the Trip to the Jubilee;
a Comedy, 1701. 4. Miscellanies; or, Collection of Poems,
Letters, and Essays, 1702. 5. The Inconstant; or, The
Way to Win Him; a Comedy, 1703. 6. The Stage Coach;
a Farce, 1704. 7. The Twin Rivals; a Comedy. 8. The
Recruiting Officer; a Comedy, 1706. 9. The Beaux Stra-
tagem; a Comedy. Works, containing all his Poems, Let-
ters, Essays, and Comedies, 10th ed., corrected, 1772, 2
vols. 12mo. Farquhar's Dramatic Works have been re-
cently republished in the same volume with those of Wy-
cherley, Congreve, and Vanbrugh, Lon., 1849, r. Svo, by
Moxon. Prefixed will be found a critical notice of his
Life and Writings, by Leigh Hunt, (see also his paper in
the London Athenæum, January 2, 1841,) who has incor-
porated into his article Charles Lamb's sophistical and
inischievous essay, entitled On the Artificial Comedy of
the last Century. The curious reader can also consult the
Biog. Brit., Biog. Dramat., Cibber's Lives, and Spence's
Anecdotes.
"Farquhar is a light and gay writer, less correct and less spark-
than Congreve, but he has more ease, and, perhaps, fully as
great a share of the vis comica. The two best and least excep
tionable of his plays are the Recruiting Officer' and Beaux Stra-
tagem. I say the least exceptionable; for. in general. the tendency
of both Congreve and Farquhar's plays is immoral."-Dr. Blair:
Lect. on Rhet. and Belles-Lettres.
We have already given our opinion at length upon
read-authors of this class in the articles on BEAUMONT and
FLETCHER, and JEREMY COLLier.
"Farquhar died young. He improved in each play; his last was
the best. Had he lived, he would probably have made a very good
writer that way.”—ÜLDISWORTH: Spence's Anecdotes.
"Considering the manner of writing then in fashion, the purity
of Sir John Suckling's style is quite surprising.-L. (IIe spoke
of Farquhar at the same time as a mean poet, and as placed by
some in a higher rank than he deserved. Mr. Pope always used
to call Farquhar a farce-writer.")-Ibid.
productions; that his works are loose, though nit indeed so gros ly
libertine as those of some other wits of his time; that his imagina-
tion, though lively, was capable of no great compass; and his wit,
though passable, not such as would gain ground on considers-
tion."-Biog. Dramat.
•
As a writer, the opinions of critics have been various. The
general character which has been given of his comedies is, that the
success of most of them far exceeded the author's expectations;
that he was particularly happy in the choice of his subjects, which
he always took care to adorn with a great variety of characters and
incidents; that his style is pure and unaffected. his wit natural
and flowing, and his plots generally well contrived. But then,
on the contrary, it has been objected that he was too hasty in his
"He seems to have been a man of a genius rather sprightly than
great, rather flowery than solid. His comedies are diverting, be
cause his characters are natural, and such as we frequently meet
with: but he has used no art in drawing them, nor does there ap-
pear any force of thinking in his performances, or any deep pene
tration into nature, but rather a superficial view, pleasant enough
to the eye, though capable of leaving no great impression on the
mind."-Cibber's Lives.
Farquhar, John, minister at Nigg. Serms., 4th ed.,
edited by Drs. Geo. Campbell and Alex. Gerard, Lon.,
1792, Svo.
"A good judge will not be at a loss to discern in this preacher
an eminent clearness of apprehension, correctness of taste. a lively
imagination, and delicate sensibility to all the finest feelings of
which human nature is susceptible."-Editor's Preface.
"We recollect of reading his sermons the first time with a delight
bordering on enthusiasm. They discover a cultivated mind and
a feeling heart; much rational piety, and becoming zeal for the
eternal interests of man."-Dr. D. Scot.
Farquhar, Robert Townsend. Suggestions rel. to
Pop. of Brit. W. Indies, and abolition of Slave Trade, 1807.
Farquharson, George. Reports of Trials, &c.,
1808, '09, '11, Ct. of Chancery. Lett. rel. to Lord Eldon,
1825.
Farquharson, Wm., M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1788;
to Mem. Med., 1789, '92.
Farquharson, Wm. Truth in pursuit of Colonel
Wardle, 1810. Was he caught?
Farr, Edward. 1. Version of the Psalms of David.
2. The People of China.
2. The People of China. 3. Bible Biography, fp. 8vo; 2d
ed., 1847. 4. Select Poetry, 1845, 2 vols. 18mo; 1847,
r. 18mo. 5. Jephtheginia, or Jephtha's Daughter, and
other Poems, 1846, 32mo. 6. Collegiate, School, and
Family Hist. of Eng., 1848, 12mo.
"Certainly the best school and family history of England we
have seen."-Lon. Critic.
7. The Hist. of France. S. Manual of Geography for
Schools, 1850, 12mo.
Farr, Samuel, M.D., 1741-1795, a native of Taunton,
Somerset. 1. Acids, Lon., 1769, 12mo. 2. Animal Motion,
1771, 8vo. 3. Aphorismi de Marasmo ex Summis Medicis
Collectis, 1772, 12mo. 4. Blood-letting in Consumption,
1775, 8vo. Dr. Farr was opposed to the practice. 5. Hist.
of Epidemics, from Hippocrates, 1781, 4to. 6. Elements
of Medical Jurisprudence, 1788, Svo.; 1811, 1815, 12mo.
A trans. from the work of Fascelius, with addits. by Farr.
7. On the Use of Cantharides in Dropsical Complaints,
Mem. Med., 1789.
Farr, Wm., M.D. Locked Jaw and Opisthotonos;
Med. Obs. and Inq., 1770.
Med. Obs. and Inq., 1770. Meteorolog. Observ. at Ply-
mouth and Bristol, 1768, '69.
Farr, Wm. 1. Essay on Cancer, Lon., 8vo. 2. Trea-
tise on Scrofula, Svo. 3. Medical Guide to Nice, 1841,
12mo. Mr. Farr is editor of the London Medical Annual.
"Some of the most elaborate and important papers in the Annual
Mr. W. Farr, and reflect the highest credit on his ability, extensive
Reports of the Registrar-General [London] have been written by
mathematical and medical learning, and industry."-McCulloch's
Lit. of Polit. Econ.
Farrant, Henry. Letters rel. to the See of Canter-
bury, Lon., 1716, 4to.
Farrant, Richard, d. about 1585, an eminent com-
poser of music, was a gentleman of the Chapel Royal in
1564. Some of his music will be found in the collections.
of Boyce and Barnard.
Farrar, Eliza, the wife of Professor John Farrar, of
Harvard, is well known as the author of The Children's
Robinson Crusoe, the Life of Lafayette, the Life of How-
The most popular of her
ard, Youth's Letter Writer, &c.
volumes is The Young Lady's Friend, first pub. in 1837,
and frequently reprinted in England and America.
"It contains no flights of fancy, or attempts at fine writing, but
for sound practical sense, expressed in good English. and in a style
perfectly adapted to the subject, it is a work worthy of Hannah More
or Maria Edgeworth."-Hart's Female Prose Writers of America.
Farrar, John, has pub. many valuable works (issued
in Boston, Mass.) on Nat. Philos., Topography, and various
branches of the mathematics.
Farrar, Rev. John. 1. Proper Names of the Bible,
-
580
FAR
FAU
2d ed., 1844, fp. 8vo. 2. Biblical and Theolog. Dict., 1852,
12mo. 3. Ecclesiastical Dict., 1853, 12mo.
Farrar, Richard. Political tracts, 1648, '60.
Farrar, T. Report of the Dartmouth College Case,
Portsmouth, 1819, 8vo.
Farre, John R., M.D. Hydrocele, 1798, 8vo. The
Liver, 1812-15, 4to. Saunders on the Eye, 1812, 8vo.
The Heart, 1814, 8vo. Cynanche, in Med. Chir. Trans.,
1812.
Farre, Samuel. See FARR.
Farrel, Mrs. Charlotte; or, the sequel to the Sorrows
of Werter; and other Poems, 1792, 4to.
Farrel, Charles, M.D. Ophthalmia, 1810, '11.
Farrel, George. Serm., 1716, 8vo.
Farrel, James A. State of the Nation, 1816, 8vo.
Farrel, John. Hist. and Polit. View of Geneva in the
18th Cent., from the French of F.D’Ivernois, Lon., 1784, 8vo.
Farrel, R. Union or Separation, 1798, 8vo.
Farrel, R., M.D. Lect. of Boyer on Diseases of
the Bones, by A. Richmond, trans. from the French, Lon.,
1801, 2 vols. 8vo. Researches into the laws of Chemical
Affinity, from the French of C. L. Berthollet, 1804, 8vo.
Farren, Edwin James. 1. Hist. Essay on the
Early Progress of Life Contingencies, Lon., 1844, 8vo.
B
"This, and Mr. Milne's historical account in the Encyclopædia
Britannica, are the only ones of which we know, that treat the
subject at any length."-Lon. Athenæum.
2. Life Contingency Tables, Part 1. Chances of Prema-
ture Death, 1850, 4to.
Farren, George. 1. Life Assurance, Lon., 1822, Svo.
2. Statute made Easy, 1837, 18mo. 3. Key to Statutes,
&c., 1837, 18mo. 4. Handbook for Judges, Barristers, &c.,
1839, Svo. 5. Bill of Costs in Chancery, 1840, 12mo.
6. Rules for Reading Acts of Parliament, 1840, 18mo.
7. Digest of Equity and Common Law Reports, 1841, Svo.
8. Chart of Chancery Practice, 1841, sheet. 9. Common
Rules and Forms for drawing Bills in Chancery, 1842,
18mo. Amer. ed. with addits. adapted to U. States Cts.
of Equity, &c., Boston, 1845, 12mo. This is a reprint of
Nos. 9 and 10. See BARBOUR, OLIVER LORENZO; Chancery
Practice. 10..Common Forms, &c., answering a Bill in
Chancery, Lon., 1844, 18mo. 11. Liabilities of Members
of Public Companies and Partnerships, 1844, 12mo.
Farrer, E. The Trial of Abraham; a Dramatic
!
Poem, 1790, Svo.
Farrer, Isaac. Serm., 1768, Svo.
Farrer, John. 1. Hebrew Poems, Lon., 1780, 4to.
2. America; a Poem, 1780, 4to. 3. Serm., 1801, 4to.
4. Serms. on the Mission and character of Christ, with
those preached at the Bampton Lecture, Oxf., 1804, Svo.
5. Serms. on the Parables. New ed.. 1809, Svo.
Farrer, John. 1. The Hist. of Limerick, 1792, Svo.
2. A View of Ancient and Modern Dublin, 1796, Svo.
Farrer, Mary. The Appeal of an Injured Wife
against a Cruel Husband, Lon., 1788, Svo.
Farrer, Wm., M.D. 1. Med. treatise from Tissot,
Lon., 1767, Svo. 2. Rickets in Children, 1773, 12mo.
Farrer, Wm., LL.D. 1. Brief Outline of the Study
of Theology, trans. from the late Dr. Frederick Schleier-
macher, with Reminiscences of Schleiermacher, by Dr.
Frederick Lücke, Lon., 1850, Svo.
"The work of a gigantic mind. It is incomparably the most
suggestive work we ever read; every sentence is a mine of thought."
-Kitto's Journal.
2. First Lines of Christian Theology, by John Pye
Emith, D.D., LL.D., &c., edited from the author's MSS.,
with addit. Notes and References, 1854, Svo. See SMITH,
JOHN PYE, D.D., LL.D.
Prémontrés. Le prieuré de Joyenval lui fut conféré par un bref
du pape et des lettres du roi; mais les murmures de ses confrères
le décidèrent à s'en démettre, et il obtint la cure de Croissy-la-
Garenne, près de Marly. Il se livra alors à l'étude, sans négliger
ses devoirs de pasteur, et fit imprimer en 1689 son premier ouvrage.
VHistoire de la Conjuration du Portugal. Bientôt après il obtint
une cure d'un assez gros revenu, aux portes de Rouen, et n'en
travailla qu'avec plus d'ardeur. Sept ans après son premier
éditions parurent coup sur coup, avec la même date, et qui fut
ouvrage, il publia l'Histoire des Révolutions de Suède, dont cinq
traduite en plusieurs langues. En 1701, lorsque le roi donna une
forme nouvelle à l'Académie des Inscriptions, Vertot reçut le titre
d'associé. On se relácha pour lui de la rigueur du règlement qui
exigeait résidence, et il lui fut permis de ne venir siéger qu'en
1703. Il fut nommé pensionnaire en 1703; et dès lors nul ne se
moutra plus assidu ni plus zélé. En 1710 il fit paraître un Troité
de la Mourance de Brélogne, où il combattait les prétentions d-s
Bretons à se dire indépendants de la monarchie française, avec
laquelle ils étaient liés plutôt que confondus. Mais son œuvre
favorite était l'Histoire des Révolutions de la République Romaine,
qui parut en 1717 et obtint des applaudissements universels. Cé
fut alors que l'ordre de Malte le pria de rédiger ses annales en un
corps complet d'histoire, qu'il publia en 1726. Pendant qu'il tra-
vaillait à ce long ouvrage, il fut nommé secrétaire interprète. puis
secrétaire des commandements de la princesse de Bade, femme du
duc d'Orléans, fils du régent, et se trouva ainsi en possession d'un
revenu considérable et d'un logement au Palais Royal. Il passa
la dernière partie de sa vie dans l'aisance et le repos, mais aussi
dans un état d'infirmité continuelle. qui l'empêcha d'exécuter les
divers projets qu'il avait en tête. Vertot mourut le 15 Juin, 1735.
On dut regretter de son temps plus qu'on ne le ferait aujourd'hui,
qu'il eût cessé d'écrire. L'histoire était pour lui, avant tout,
une œuvre littéraire: il n'aspirait point à saisir la verité de conleur
et négligeait le scrupuleux détail des faits pour viser presque
le devoir de l'historien. L'édition la plus complète de ses Œuvres
uniquement l'effet dramatique. On entend de nos jours autrement
choisies est celle de Paris, 1819 à 1821, 12 vols. in Svo."
The historical reader must not fail to peruse the criti-
cism of Gibbon on Vertot's account of the Social War,
(Vertot, Révolut. Rom., tom. iii. 26-30.). We quote a few
lines from the introduction and a few from the conclusion:
"I shall venture to make some reflections on this extraordinary
war. the principal circumstances of which have been somewhat mis-
represented by the Abbé Vertot,-an author whose works are read
with the same pleasure as romances, to which in other respects they
bear too much resemblance. . . The Abbé Vertot, when he ex-
plained the difficulties with which the Romans had to contend.
should also have mentioned the resources by which they were enabled
to surmount them."-Gibbon's Miscell. Works, ed. 1837, 8vo, 510, 512.
Whilst the reader has this fascinating volume in his hands,
let him turn back to page 385, and mourn with us that the
learned historian never carried out his admirable project
of "a seventh or supplemental volume" to his great work.
Farrington, Richard. 20 Serms., Lon., 1741, 8vo.
Farro, Daniel. Royal Universal Brit. Grammar
and Vocabulary, Lon., 1754, Svo; 1776. R. G. Instructor
for Youth, 1776, 12mo.
Farthing, John. Short Writing Shortened, 1654.
See Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Farres, Capt. Speech to Earl of Warwick, on behalf
of the County of Essex, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Farresley, Thomas. Modern Cases in Ct. of K. B.
Modern Cases in Ct. of K. B.
at Westminster, reign of Q. Anne, Lon., 1716, fol. See
Modern Reports, vol. viii., in Marvin's Leg. Bibl. 520, and
Wallace's Reports, 47.
Farrington, Rev., of Dinas. Of the Char-Fish in
North Wales; Phil. Trans., 1755.
Farrington, J. Britannia Depicta.
Farrington, John. Origin of the Grandeur of the
Court of Rome. From the French of Abbé Vertot, Lon.,
1754, Svo.
Of this celebrated writer we find the following bio-
graphical sketch in Biographie Universelle, nouvelle
édition, Bruxelles, 1843-47, 21 vols. imp. Svo:
"René Aubert, Abbé de Vertot, célèbre historien, né le 25 No-
I
vembre, 1655, au château de Benetot, dans le pays de Caux, em-
brassa l'état ecclésiastique, et no tarda pas à donner des preuves
d'une devotion exaltée, qui le conduisit. à l'insu de sa famille, dans
un couvent de capucins. Mais bientôt sa vie fut en péril, et on le
decida, nou sans peine, à entrer dans l'ordre moins austère des
:
Farthing, Ralph. Serm., 1722, Svo.
Fary, John. Serm., Lon., 1645, 4to.
Fasquelle, Jean Louis, F.B., LL.D., b. 1808, in
France, settled in the U. S. in 1834. Appointed Prof. of
Languages, &c. in the University of Michigan in 1846.
1. A new method of learning the French language, 20th
ed., N. Y., 1854. 30,000 copies of this work have also
been published in England. 2. Télémaque, with notes and
grammatical references. 3. The Colloquial French Reader,
4th ed., 1854. 4. Napoleon, (Dumas,) with notes, &c. 5. A
general and Idiomatical Dictionary of the French and
English Languages.
known. We have room for only one recommendation from
The merits of Fasquelle's New French Course are well
the thirty or forty before us.
"I have taught many classes in the French Language, and
I do not hesitate to say that Fasquelle's French Course, on the plan
of Woodbury's Method with the German, is superior to any other
French Grammar I have met with, for teaching French to those
whose mother-tongue is English. It combines, in an admirable
dorfian, methods. avoiding the faults of both.”—JOSEPH WILLIAM
manner, the excellencies of the old or classic, and the new or Ollen-
JENKS, Prof. of Languages in the New Ch. Unix. at Urbanna, Ohio.
·
Faugeres, Margaretta V., 1771-1801, a daughter
of Mrs. Anne Eliza Bleecker, was a native of Tonhanick,
near Albany, New York. She was unhappily married to
an infidel physician-Dr. Peter Faugeres of New York-
who abused his wife, and squandered her fortune. She
Brooklyn. In 1793 Mrs. Fangeres edited the posthumous
subsequently taught school at New Brunswick and at
works of her mother, (see BLEECKER, ANNE ELIZA,) add-
ing some of her own compositions in verse and prose. In
1795 she pub. Belisarius, a Tragedy in five acts, extracts
from which, and a notice of the author, will be found in
Griswold's Female Poets of America.
"Though unsuited to the stage, this tragedy has considerable
merit, and is much superior to the earlier compositions of the au-
5S1
FAU
FAY
thor. The style is generally dignified and correct, and free from
the extravagant declamation into which the subject would have
seduced a writer of less taste and judgment.”—Ubi supra.
Faulkener, Charles. Hints to Electors, 1796, 8vo.
Hints to Electors, 1796, Svo.
Faulkland. See FALKLAND,
Faulkner, A. B., M.D. A Hospital, &c., 1810, Svo.
Faulkner, B. Insanity, Lon., 1790, Svo.
Faulkner, George, d. 1775, a Dublin printer and
bookseller, afterwards resident in London, edited a journal,
and enjoyed the patronage of Lord Chesterfield and Swift.
The former addressed to him, under the name of Atticus,
those ironical letters which attained such great celebrity.
Faulkner's style and manner were ridiculed in An Epistle
to George Edmund Howard, Esq., with notes by George
Faulkner, Esq., an alderman, reprinted in Dilly's Reposi-
tory, vol. iv. p. 175. But some authentic letters of Faulk-
rer's will be found in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, and
in the 2d vol. of the Supplement to Swift, whose confiden-
tial printer he was.
Faulkner died an alderman of Dublin
in 1775. A caricature of this literary printer, by Richard
Cumberland, will be found in the Memoirs of the Life of
the latter, p. 173, 4to ed.
Faulkner, Thomas. 1. Hist. Descrip. Acct. of the
Roy. Hosp. and Roy. Milit. Asylum at Chelsea, Lon., 1805,
12mo. 2. Hist., Topog., and Statis. Descrip. of Chelsea
and its Environs, 1810, 8vo. 3. Hist. and Topog. Descrip.
of Fulham, 1813, 8vo. 4. Hist. and Antiq. of Kensington,
1820, 8vo.
Faulkner, W. 1. Serms. 2. Ch. Service, 1802, '13.
Faulkner, Wm. H. Rights of Man Invaded; being
an Exposition of the Tyranny of our Gov. in India, 1792,
Svo. A fruitful theme, truly.
Faunt, Arthur, or Laurence, Arthur, an English
Jesuit, born in Leicestershire, pub: several theolog. trea-
tises. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Fauquier, Francis. Raising Money for support of
the War, &c., 3d ed., Lon., 1757, Svo. Joseph Massie pub.
Observations on this Essay, 1756, 8vo. See McCulloch's
Lit. of Polit. Econ.
Fausset, Godfrey, D.D., Canon of Christ Church,
Margaret Prof. of Divinity, Oxford, and Vicar of Crop-
thorn, Worcestershire. 1. Serm. on the Necessity of Edu-
cating the Poor in the principles of the Established Church,
Oxf., 1811, 8vo. 2. Claims of the Established Church; S
serms. at the Bampton Lecture, 1820, 8vo.
..
Favell, Charles. Serm., Lon., 1793, 4to.
Favell, James. Abraham's Case in offering up Isaac,
Camb., 1769, 4to.
Favour, John, d. 1623, Vicar of Halifax, Yorkshire.
Antiquitie triumphing over Noveltie; or Antiquitie a cer-
tain Note of the Christian Catholic Church, Lon., 1619, 4to.
"He was esteemed a person of great piety and charity, and one
well read in substantial and profound authors.”—Athen, Ozon.
Fawcett, Benjamin, 1715-1780, a dissenting mi-
nister at Kidderminster for 35 years. Serms., 1756-80.
Abridgt. of Baxter's Saint's Rest. Religious Melancholy,
1780, 8vo.
Fawcett, J., a dissenting minister. Serms., 1749,
8vo. Crit. Expos. of the 9th Chap. of Romans, 1752, 8vo.
Fawcett, James, Lady Margaret Preacher in the
Univ. of Cambridge. Serms. preached before the Univ.
of Cambridge, Camb., 1794, 8vo.
"These sermons are truly academic. They afford young preachers
a happy example of the manner in which ingenious speculation
may be united with practical utility.”—Lon. Monthly Review.
8%
Fawcett, John, D.D., 1739-1817, a Baptist minister.
Serms., Hymns, Poems, &c., 1775-91.
Fawcett, John, D.D. Serms., theolog. treatises, bio-
graph. sketches, &c., 1797-1807. Devotional Family Bible;
with Notes and Illustrations, Lon., 1811, 2 vols. r. 4to.
"This work is evangelical, judicious, and well written.”—
Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
"This work is wholly designed for family use; but the marginal
at sence of these is inexcusable in any edition of the Bible above
renderings and texts have been
omitted. The
al
the size of a duodecimo volume.”—Horng's Bibl. Bib.
Fawcett, John, Rector of Scaleby. Serms. for Fa-
milies, 3d ed., Lon., 1823, 2 vols. 12mo. Familiar Dis-
courses, 1828, 8vo. Other works.
Fawcett, John, of Covent-Garden Theatre. 1. Obi;
a Pant. Drama, 1800, Svo. 2. La Perouse; a Pant. Drama,
1801, Svo. 3. The Enchanted Island; a Dram. Ballad,
1804, 8vo.
We will only premise, therefore, that all enemies of the Church
who do not regard her doctrines as unscriptural, will, if we mis-
take not, find in this volume of Bampton Lectures the reasons of
its discipline so justly explained, and the importance of preserving
that discipline so ably asserted, that if they be but men of tolerable
fairness, they will hardly be able to avoid a feeling of regret that they
are at enmity with a Church which can sustain its cause by a line of
argument so powerful and so direct."-Lon. Christ. Remembrancer.
Also highly commended in the British Critic. 3. Serm.:
Revival of Popery, 1838, Svo.
Faustus, a monk, b. about 390, supposed to have been
, native of Britain, Bishop of Riez, in Province, 466, wrote
against predestination and reprobation. These writings
will be found in Bibl. Max. Patr., viii. See Cave, vol. i.;
Milner's Ch. Hist.; Saxii Onomast.
|
Faux, W., an English Farmer. Memorable Days in
America; being a Journal of a Tour in the United States,
Lon., 1823, 8vo, pp. 448. This is a "Memorable" work, as
being the occasion of two spicy reviews: the first in the
Lon. Quarterly, vol. xix. 338, said to be by Gifford; the
other, in which the critic of the Quarterly is roughly han-
dled, in the N. Amer. Rev., vol. xix. 92, by Edward Everett.
Favell. Votes of Thanks by Southwark to Mr. War-
dle. 1809, 870.
"Successful pieces.”—Bing. Dramat.
Fawcett, Joseph, d. 1804, a dissenting minister at
Walthamstow, afterwards a farmer. He pub. several serms.,
poems, &c. Serms. at the Old Jewry, Lon., 1795, 2 vols. 8vo.
"It may not be easy to find many volumes that can boast so
happy an union of sound sense and useful instruction with all
the graces and energies of oratory."-Lon. Monthly Review.
"His figures of speech, his metaphors and allusions, are beauti-
ful, numerous, and striking."-Lon. Critical Review.
Fawcett, Richard, D.D., Vicar of Newcastle, and
Preb. of Durham. Serm., 1768, 4to.
Fawcett, Samuel. Serms., 1641, '68.
Fawcett, Thomas. Serms., Lon., 1784, 8vo.
Fawcett, General Sir Wm., 1728-1804, Gov. of
Chelsea Hospital, an English officer, served on the Conti-
nent during "the seven years' war." 1. The Reveries, or
Memoirs upon the Art of War; from the French of Saxe,
1757, 4to.
1757, 4to. 2. Reg. for the Prussian Cavalry; from the
German, 1757. 3. Reg. for the Prussian Infantry, 1759.
4. Rules, &c. rel. to his Majesty's Forces, 1786, Svo; 1792.
Fawconer, Samuel. Serm., Lon., 1763, 8vo. Es-
say on Modern Luxury, 1765, 8vo.
Fawkes, Francis, 1721-1777, educated at Jesus Coll.,
Camb., Vioar of Orpington, 1755; Rector of Hayes, 1774.
1. Bramham Park; a Poem, 1745. 2. Descrip. of May,
1752. 3. Of Winter. 4. Trans. of Anacreon, Sappho, Bion,
Moschus, and Musæus, 1760, 12mo; 1754; both from Gawen
Douglas. 5. Original Poems and Translations, 1761.
6. Partridge Shooting; a Poem, 1767, 4to. 7. Trans. of
the Idylliums of Theocritus, 1767, Svo. S. The Argonau-
ties of Apollonius Rhodius; posth.; completed by Rev.
Henry Meen of Emanuel Coll., Camb., 1780, Svo. 9. Fa-
mily Bible, with Notes, 4to. 10. In conjunction with Mr.
Wotty, The Poetical Calendar, vol. i., 1763, 12mo; intended
as a supplement to Dodsley's Collection. The Poetical Ca-
lendar and Nichols's Collection contain some of Fawkes's
poems. His song of The Brown Jug is still a great fa-
vourite. Fawkes's merits were considerable.
"His great strength lay in translation, in which, since Pope, few
have equalled him."-Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, q. V.
Dr. Johnson, not, indeed, a first-rate critic in Greek lite-
rature, remarked that
"Frank Fawkes had done the odes of Anacreon very finely."
Fawkes, James. Life of Dr. Seignior, 1681, 8vo.
Fawkes, Walter. 1. Chronol. of the Hist. of Mod.
Europe, 475-1793, York, 1810, 4to. 2. Speech on Pari.
Reform, 1812. 3. The Englishman's Manual; or, A Dia.
logue between a Tory and a Reformer, 1817, 8vo.
Fawkner, Anthony. Serms., 1630, '35.
Fawler, John. Surg. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1707.
Fay, Theodore S., a native of New York, Secretary
of Legation for the United States at the Court of Berlin
from 1837 to 1853, and since 1853 Minister to Switzerland,
enjoys extensive reputation as a graceful and graphic
writer. In 1832 he pub. Dreams and Reveries of a Quiet
Man, containing The Little Genius, and other essays con-
tributed to that excellent periodical, The New York Mir-
ror, of which Mr. Fay was for some time one of the editors.
He has since pub. The Minute Book, a journal of travels;
Norman Leslie, a Tale of the Present Times, 1835; 2d ed.
in same year; Sydney Clifton, 1839; The Countess Ida,
1840; Hoboken, a Romance of New York, 1843; Robert
Rueful, 1844; Ulric; or, The Voices: a Tale, 1851. Of his
fugitivo contributions to periodicals, perhaps the best
known are the papers on Shakspeare. Mr. Fay has also
some pretensions to the character of a poet. A review of
the Countess Ida, by an eminent critic, will be found in
The North American Review, li. 434–457. Wo quote a
few lines from the conclusion:
"The work shows a deep sympathy with human nature, as well
as a familiar acquaintance with the higher forms of European
social life. The author has not been dazzled by the trappings of
FAY
FEC
!
royalty and aristocracy, though he can describe them so well. The
virtues and the vices of high society are set forth by him with im-
partiality and force; and we rise from his pages with a cordial re-
spect for his abilities. a sympathy with his views of life, and an
admiration of the moral purity which is shed over the scenes he
has so vividly placed before us.”—PROF. C. C. FELTON.
"Mr. Theodore S. Fay. our Minister to Switzerland, is at present
engaged in writing the history of that country. Several years. it
is stated, must elapse ere the completion of the work, which will
doubtless be a highly creditable contribution to that historical lite-
rature for which America is already so justly distinguished."-1855.
Fayerman, Francis. Zarah; that is, Christianity
before Judaism, Lon., 1757, 8vo.
Fayerman, Richard. Contemplation; a Poetical
Essay on the Works of Creation, 1776, 4to.
Fazakerly. Poemata varia, Lon., 1781, 8vo. These
poems were suppressed.
i
Fea, James. 1. Grievances of Orkney and Shetland,
Edin., 1750, 8vo. 2. Present State of the Orkney Islands,
1755, 8vo. 3. Fishing on the Coasts of Shetland, 1775, 8vo.
Fea, John W. Eldomiana, Lon., 1826, 8vo.
Feake, Christopher. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1651-
57, 4to.
Feake, John. Serms., Lon., 1660, 4to.
Fearn, John. 1. Human Consciousness, 1811, 4to.
2. Review of Berkeley, Reid, and Stewart, 1813, 4to.
3. Primary Vision, 1815, 4to. 4. The Human Mind, Svo.
Fearne, Charles, Judge-Advocate of the Admiralty,
temp. Geo. II.
1. Minutes of the Proceedings of the Trial
of Rear-Admiral Knowles. Lon., 1750, 8vo. Report of
the Trial of Admiral Byng, 1756, fol. See BYNG, HONOUR-
ABLE JOHN.
Fearne, Charles, 1749-1794, son of the preceding,
was educated at Westminster school, from whence he was
removed to the Inner Temple. He soon became distin-
guished for his legal erudition, and could have secured a
large professional business, had not a fondness for chemi-
cal and philosophical experiments engrossed a great por-
tion of his time and thoughts. From this cause his life
was embarrassed with difficulties, and his last hours clouded
with anxiety for those whom he left behind. 1. Legigra-
phical Chart of Landed Property in England, 1769, '94.
2. An Impartial Answer to the Doctrine delivered in a
Letter which appeared in the Public Advertiser, under the
signature of Juuius, 1769, Svo. 3. An Essay on the Learn-
ing of Contingent Remainders and Executory Devises,
1772, 8vo, anon.; 1773, '75; 4th ed., enlarged, 1791, 2 vols.
8vo. This ed. contains the copies of Opinions on the Will
in case Perrin v. Blake, pub. 1780, Svo; with Notes by
Powell, vol. i, 1801; vol. ii., 1795, Svo; 6th ed., with Notes
by Charles Butler, 1809, Svo; 7th, 8th, and 9th edits. vary
but little from the 6th ed.; 10th ed., enlarged by Josiah W.
Smith, 1844, 2 vols.; Phil., 1845, 2 vols. Svo. This con-
tains Butler's Notes and addits. The value of Fearne's
great work is well known to the profession. We quote
from some eminent authorities:
"This work is so very instructive on the dry and obscure sub-
ject of remainders and executory devises, that it cannot be too
much recommended to the attention of the diligent student."-
HARGRAVE: Co. Lit., 20.
"Where, for instance, shall we look for a work like Mr. Fearne's
Essay on Contingent Remainders and Executory Devises? This
subject, which constituted one of the most obscure, and must for-
ever remain one of the most intricate, titles of the common law,
had been already sketched out by the masterly hand of Lord Chief
Baron Gilbert. [see Bacon's Abridgment, Guillim's Edition, title,
Remainder and Reversion, Note;] but, like all his other writings,
it was left in a detached and imperfect shape. It was reserved
for Mr. Fearne to honour the profession by a treatise so profound
and accurate that it became the guide of the ablest lawyers, yet so
luminous in method and explanations that it is level to the capa-
city of every attentive student. He has, in fact, exhausted the
subject; and this chef-d'œuvre will forever remain a monument of
his skill, acuteness, and research. All that the most accomplished
lawyer can reasonably hope, is to add a commentary of new cases
and principles, as they arise, without venturing to touch the
sacred fabrick of his master."-JUDGE STORY: North Amer. Review,
vi. 54: Nov., 1817.
"A masterly production on a doctrine generally admitted as one
of the most abstruse in the whole system of English law. The en-
lightened and scientific manner in which this difficult topic has
been treated by Mr. Fearne has imparted to it an interest before
unfelt, and strongly illustrates the infinite importance of a pro-
gressive and strictly analytical method of the discussion of dry and
abstruse doctrines."-Hoffman's Legal Study.
But Mr. Hoffman does not think Fearne entirely correct
in classification and definitions; and, referring to the
opinion we shall next quote, considers that the "entire
doctrine of these subjects is capable of great modification."
"If it were desired to form a code of the law of contingent re-
mainders and executory devises, it could not, perhaps, be better
done than by a statute which should propound, in the form of a
code, all the principles and rules of law laid down in Mr. Fearne's
Essay, and declare them to be law."-CHARLES BUTLER: Life of
Chancellor D'Aguesseau, p. 65,
"Charles Fearne was a man of a very strong and sul tle intellect
and delighted in metaphysical and philosophical speculations
The work mentioned in the text [Contingent Remainders} has
long been a first-rate legal text-book, characterized by accurate
and profound learning." Warren's Law Studies, 2d ed., xlv. 1845.
4. Posthumous Works, by T. M. Shadwell, 1795, '99, Svo.
Fearon, Henry Bradshaw, a London surgeon.
1. Cancers, Lon., 1784, 8vo; new ed., 1795, 8vo. 2. Obs.
on Cancers, Memoirs Med., 1789. 3. A Narrative of a
Journey of 5000 miles through the Eastern and Western
States of America.
"The tone of ill-temper which this author usually manifests in
speaking of the American character, has gained for his work the
approbation of persons who regard that country with peculiar
jealousy."-Lon. Monthly Review.
But, if Mr. Fearon be a truthful witness, there seems
to be but little occasion for "jealousy." See Lon. Quart.
Review, xxi. 124.
SMITH: Edin. Keriew.
Mr. Fearon is a much abler writer than either of the two last,
[Palmer and Bradbury,] but no lover of America, and a little given
to exaggerate in his views of vices and prejudices.”—REV. SYDNEY
Fearon,
James Peter. Theatrical Criticism; a
Critique on the School of Reform, 1805, Svo.
Fearon, Joseph. Serm., Lon., 1756, 4to.
Fearon, Joseph F. Serm., Lewes, 1797, 4to.
logical Report, made in 1834, of the elevated country be-
Featherstonehaugh, George William. 1. Geo-
tween the Missouri and Red Rivers, Washington, 1835, 8vo,
PP. 97. 2. Observ. upon the Treaty of Washington, signed
See a review
9th August, 1842, Lon., 1842, Svo, pp. 560.
of this, and other publications connected with this treaty,
in the Lon. Quar. Review, Ixxi. 560. 3. Excursion through
the Slave States, 1844, 2 vols. Sro, pp. 792.
-
"The notices of the natural history and the mines are novel and
interesting, and his pictures of the heroes of the bowie knife remark-
ably characteristic and entertaining."-Lon. New Monthly Mog.
4. Canoe Voyage to the Minnay Soter, 1847, 2 vols. 8vo.
Featherstonehaugh, H. Serm., 1724, Svo.
Featley, Featly, or Fairclough, Daniel, 1582–
1644, a native of Charlton, near Oxford, was educated at
Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf.; Rector of Lambeth, 1618; of
Allhallows, 1627; and subsequently of Acton. A bio-
graphy of this learned divine will be found in Chalmers's
Biog. Dict. It was intended for the commencement of the
6th vol. of the new ed. of the Biog. Brit., never completed.
See Dibdin's Library Companion. For a list of Featley's
works, of which we notice a few, see Athen. Oxon. An-
cilla Pietatis, Lon., 1626, 4to; a work of great popularity;
Sth ed., 1676. Hexatexium, 1637, fol. Clavis Mystica,
70 Serms., 1638, fol.
"A singular exhibition of the kind of eloquence and instruction
which was in vogue during the period in which the author lived.
Featley was by no means destitute of learning and imagination;
sions, display the lamentable want of taste and good sense which
but his powers, quaint conceits, numerous distinctions and divi-
prevailed."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
The Dippers Dipt; or the Anabaptists drcked and plyng'd
over Head and Ears, at a Disputation in Southwark, 1647,
'51, 4to. Noticed by Milton: see Lowndes's Bibl. Man.;
Orme's Bibl. Man. The League Illegal, 1660, 4to.
nephew, Dr. John Featley, pub. a work entitled Doctor
Daniel Featly Revived, with his Life and Death, 1660, 12mo.
His
Featley, John, d. 1666, a nephew of the preceding,
visited, in 1643, St. Christopher's, in the West Indies, and
was the first preacher of the Gospel there. 1. A Divine
Antidote against the Plague. 2. A Fountaine of Teares,
Amst., 1646, 24mo; Lon., 1683, 12mo.
Amst., 1646, 24mo; Lon., 1683, 12mo. 3. Divine Antidote
against the Plague, 1660.
4. Serms.
Featley, Richard, d. 1681, aged 61, "a nonconform-
ing minister, and a frequent preacher in conventicles.”—
Athen. Oxon. One or more of his serms. will be found in
| The Morning Exercise against Popery, &c., Lon., 1675, 4to.
Febure, Mrs. A medical treatise, Lon., 1777, Svo.
Monthly Review.
"Nothing more nor less than a quack advertisement."-Lon.
Feckenham, John de, D.D., d. 1585. so called be-
cause born near the forest of Feckenham, (his right name
was Howman,) was the last mitred abbot who sat in the
house of peers. This excellent Roman Catholic divino
pub. a few controversial pieces. See Biog. Brit.; Dodd's
Ch. Hist. Strype's Cranmer; Athen. Oxon. He was con-
tinually employed in doing good to the persecuted Pro-
testauts of his day, and incurred Queen Mary's displeasure
by the pertinacity with which he urged the enlargement
of the Princess Elizabeth. Upon the accession of the lat-
ter, she offered him the Archbishopric of Canterbury upon
condition that he would conform, but he rejected the
posal. He was subsequently-to the disgrace of the crown
imprisoned with other Roman Catholics, and died a cap-
tive in Wisbeach castle, in the Isle of Ely. No man of
pro-
553
FEI
FEL
the age has been more commended for piety and benevo-
lence:
"A learned and good man, that lived long, did a great deal of
good to the poor, and always solicited the minds of his adversaries
to benevolence."-CAMDEN: Annales Reg. Eliz., ad ann. 1559.
"In wonderful esteem for his learning, piety. charity, humility,
and other virtues. All the time of Queen Mary's reign he em-
ployed himself in doing good offices for the afflicted Protestants,
from the highest to the lowest, and did intercede with the queen
for the lady Elizabeth, for which he gained her displeasure for a
time."-WOOD: Athen. Oxon.
Feild, John. Ephemeris, Lon., 1556, '58, 4to.
Feilde, Rev. Matthew, d. 1796, Preb. of St. Paul's.
Vertumnus and Pomona; a Pastoral, 1782. The songs
only were printed.
"A man cruel to none, courteous and charitable to all who needed
his help or his liberality."-FULLER: Worthies of Westminster.
"A charitable and generous man, that lived in great esteem in
England."-BISHOP BURNET: Hist. of the Reformation.
"Though I cannot go so far as Reyner, [vide Apost. Benedictin.
in Anglia,¦ to call him a martyr, yet I can't gather but that he was
a good, mild, modest, charitable man, and a devout Christian."-logy
DART: Westmonasterium, vol. ii., in the Lives of the Abbols. Vide
Biog. Brit.
"An unsuccessful piece."-Biog. Dram.
Feilding, Viscount, and Capt. Kennedy. Tra-
vels in Algeria in 1845, Lon., 2 vols.
"A graphic and picturesque account of their adventures, includ-
ing those among the wild Arabs and Bedouins of the desert.”-
Hood's Magazine.
Feist, C. Symbole of the Apostles, Lon., 1581, 8vo.
Feist, Charles. Poetical Effusions, and other works,
Lon., 1813, &c.
Felgate, Samuel. The Novelty of the Modern Ro-
manish Religion, Lon., 1682, 8vo.
Felix of Croyland, flourished about 730, compiled
a Life of St. Guthlac. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., and
authorities there cited.
Felix, N. On the Bat; a Scientific Inquiry into the
Use of Cricket. New ed., Lon., 1850, 4to. The reader
must also procure-The Cricket Field; The Cricketer's
Companion; The Cricketer's Guide; Hints on Crickot;
and The Principles of Scientific Batting.
Fell, Elizabeth. Fables, Odes, and Miscel. Poems,
Lon., 1771, Svo. Poem on the Times, 1774, 4to. Poems,
1777, 4to.
Fell, John, D.D., 1625-1686, a son of Samuel Fell,
D.D., was a native of Longworth, Berkshire, entered of
Christ Church, Oxford, 1636; at the Restoration made Pre-
bendary of Chichester, and Dean of Christ Church; Vice-
Chancellor of the University, 1666-1669; Bishop of Ox-
ford, 1676.
** He was the most zealous man of his time for the Church of
England, and none, that I yet know of, did go beyond him in the
performance of the rules belonging thereunto.... Ilis charity
was so great that he was a husband to the afflicted widow, a father
to the orphan, and a tender parent to poor children."—Athen, Oxon.,
where, and in Biog. Brit., see an account of his life and works.
Among his works are, 1. The Life of Dr. Henry IIam-
mond, Lon., 1660, '61. '62. Reprinted afterwards at the
head of Hammond's Works; also in Wordsworth's Eccles.
Biog. This excellent biography deserves attentive perusal.
2. Nemesii, Philos. et Episc. Emisseni, de Natura Hominis
Liber, Gr. et Lat. Notis illustratus, [Jo. Fell, Episc. Oxon.,]
Oxon., 1671, 8vo.
An eminent authority thus speaks of this treatise of
Nemesius:
"Far from being either elegant or forcible, there is no new infor
mation given, nor is the old placed in a new light; the opinions of
the ancient philosophers are opposed, and little that is better given
in their place: in physics, Nemesius appears not to have known
much, and in Metaphysics, to have been confused in what he did
know."-Clarke.
of Man, and had Anthony Wood's History and Antiquities
of the University of Oxford trans. into Latin, Oxf., 1674,
2 vols. fol. Wood complains of this trans. See Athen.
Oxon.
Fell, Rev. R. C. Passages from the Private and Official
Life of the late Alderman Kelly, Lon., 1856, '57, fp. 8vo.
Fell, Ralph, a native of Yorkshire, d. 1814. A Tour
through the Batavian Republic in 1800, Lon.. 1801, '05, Svo.
an interesting picture of Holland and the
Dutch at this period, besides historical and political details and
observations on its connexion with France.”—Stevenson's Voyages
"This work give. ¿
and Travels.
Memoirs of Charles James Fox, 1808, 4to. He edited an
ed. of Hudibras, with Notes from Gray, &c., 2 vols. 18mo.
Fell, Samuel, D.D., 1594-1649, a native of London,
educated at Christ Church, Oxf., Canon of Christ Church,
1619; Margaret Prof. of Divinity, 1626; Dean of Lich-
field, 1637; Dean of Christ Church, 1638; Vice-Chancel-
lor, 1645 and 1647. 1. Primitiæ; sive Oratio habita Ox-
oniæ in Scholia Theologiæ, 9th Nov., 1626. 2. Concio
Latina ad Baccalaureos die cinerum in Colos. ii. 8, Oxf.,
1627. He was the father of DR. JOHN FELL, Bishop of
Oxford, v. ante. See Athen. Oxon.; Lloyd's Memoirs.
Fell, Stephen, Surgeon, Ulverstone. Profess. Con.
to Ess. Phys. and Lit., 1765.
Fell, Walter William. 1. Principal Events in
Eng. Hist., 1811, 12mo. 2. Lancaster's System of Educa-
ed., 1820; 1st Amer. ed., by Charles Walker, N. York,
tion, 1812. Law of Mercantile Guarantee, 1812, Svo., 2d
1825, Svo.
Fell, John, 1735–1797, a dissenting minister, classical
tutor at the academy at Homerton, pub. several theolog.
and other works, the principal of which are, 1. Gequine
Protestantism, 1773, Svo. 2. Demoniacs, 1779, Svo.
"In which the ypothesis of the Rev. Mr. Farmer and others on
the subject are considered.”
See FARMER, HUGH.
3. English Grammar, 1784, 12mo. 4. Idolatry of Greece
and Rome, in a Letter to the Rev. Hugh Farmer, 1785, Svo.
"In these works, Mr. Fell defends the opposite system to that of
Farmer, which is generally received. Farmer's views of demono-
had been previously brought forward by Joseph Mede, Lard-
ner, Dr. Mead, and Sykes. Fell's reply, both on this subject and
on that of the ancient idolatry, is able, and acknowledged by Dr.
Kippis, who was friendly to the sentiments of Farmer. to contain
many things which would have been deserving of consideration
censured."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
and reply; but the temper in which he has written has been justly
I
The bishop edited the works of St. Cyprian, 1682, pub.
several works said to be by the author of The Whole Duty,
584
5. Lectures on the Evidences of Chris'y, 4 by J. F., and
S by Henry Hunter, 1798, Svo.
See Prot. Dissenter's Mag., vols. iv., v., and vi.
Fell, J. Weldon, M.D., a native of the U.S., removed
to London, where he was allowed to treat the patients of
Middlesex Hospital for cancerous diseases upon a new plan.
In 1857 he pub. A Treatise on Cancer and its Treatment,
Lon., Svo. See Report of the Surgical Staff of the
Middlesex Hospital, 1857, 8vo.
Fell, Hunter Francis, Rector of Oulton, Suffolk.
Serms., Lon., 1834, 12mo.
Fell, Margaret. For Manasseth Ben-Israel. The
Call of the Jews out of Babylon, Lon., 1656, 4to.
•
1815, 8vo.
"A work of great interest and importance, as it respects the dis-
subject of very warm controversy."-Lon. Monthly Review, 1816.q.v.
cussion of a curious question of medical theory that has been the
3. Grammatica Rationis, sive Institutionis Logicæ, 1673,
Svo. 4. The Vanity of Scoffing, 1674, Svo. 5. Novi Tes-
tamenti Libri Omnes Graece, 1675, 8vo; Leipsic, 1697;
1702, fol. By Dr. John Gregory, Oxf., 1703, fol.
Fellowes, Rev. Robert, of St. Mary's Hall, Oxf.,
Editor of the London Critical Review. 1. Christian Phi-
losophy, 1798, 2d ed., 1799, 8vo.
losophy, 1798, 2d ed., 1799, 8vo. 2. Supplet. to do. 3.
Religion without Cant, 1801, 8vo. 4. Guide to Immor-
tality, 1804, 3 vols. 8vo. 5. Poems, 1806, 12mo. 6. Manual
of Piety, 1807, Svo. Other publications; the principal of
which is, 7. A Body of Theology, 1807, 2 vols. 8vo.
"The text is formed according to that of Robert Stephens and
the Elzevirs; though Wetstein has accused it of reclaiming errors
of the former, as well as of some of Walton's Polyglott."-Horne's
Bibl. Bib., g. v.
"An excellent edition. and an indispensable work to every man
engaged in sacred criticism.”—BISHOP NORTH.
"From the commencement to the conclusion, a current of the
purest ethics flows with such beauty and spirit, that he who sur-
veys it can possess neither taste nor virtue if he does not resolve
on taking a copious draught of its waters."-Lon. Monthly Review.
See Brit. Critic. Dr. Parr (see Spital Sermon) speaks in
high terms of the merits of Fellowes's works.
6. A Paraphrase and Annotations upon all St. Paul's
Epistles, done by several eminent men at Oxford, corrected
and improved by Bishop Fell, Lon., 1702, 8vo. New ed.,
Oxf., 1852, 8vo.
Fellowes, Wm. D. 1. Loss of the Lady Hobart,
Lon., 1803, 8vo. 2. Paris in July, 1815; in a Series of
Letters, 1815, Svo. 3. Hist. Sketches of Charles I., Crom-
Fell on the Epistles is very short; but most of his notes are well, Charles II., and the Principal Personages of that
worthy of remark. The collection of parallel scriptures is judicious, Period, Paris, 1828, 4to; now very scarce.
and the translation in some places altered for the better."-DR. only were struck off for the author at Paris.
A few copies
| An historical
account will be found in this work of the sums exacted by
the Commonwealth from the Royalists, the names of those
who compounded their estates, &c. 4. Visit to the Mona-
tery of La Trappe, r. Svo.
DODDRIDGE.
"This work does not appear to me to be of much value."-Orme's
Bibl. Bib.
Fellowe, Henry. Laws of Copyholds, Lon., 1799, 8vo.
Disorder of Andalusia at Cadiz, 1800, '04, '10, '13, Lon.,
Fellowes, Sir James. Reports of the Pestilential
FEL
IEL
Fellows, Sir Charles, an enterprising traveller, b.
1799, at Nottingham, England, knighted 1845. 1. A
Journal written during an Excursion in Asia Minor in
1838, Lon., 1839, imp. 8vo; new ed., including No. 2,
under the title of Travels and Researches in Asia Minor,
particularly in the Province of Lycia, 1852, p. 8vo.
"Since my return to England I have learned at the Geographical
Society that part of my route, which lay through the southern
part of Asia Minor and led me to the remains of several important
ancient cities, had not before been traversed by any European.' It
is on this account alone that I am induced to lay my Journal before
the public."-Preface.
6
2. More Recent Discoveries in Ancient Lycia; being a
Journal kept during a Second Excursion in Asia Minor,
1841, imp. 8vo. See No. 1.
"You cannot imagine the pleasurable excitement of discovering
In these cities the works of art and objects of the highest interest
to the archæologist. The age is probably earlier than the fourth
century before the Christian era, and the works are illustrations of
Homer and Herodotus."-Letter from the Author to the Lm. Athen.
"Our author has discovered eleven ancient Lycian cities, and
bas allowed the learned world to perceive that Lycia has a mine of
antiquarian treasures of which he has only scraped the surface.”—
Lon. Athen.
3. Account of the Xanthian Marbles in the Brit. Museum,
their Acquisition and Transmission to England, 1843, r.
8vo. 4. Account of the Trophy Monument at Xanthus,
1848, r. Svo. 5. Coins of Ancient Lycia, 1855, 8vo. See
Eng. Cyc., Biog., vol. ii., 1856, 885.
Fellows, John, a Methodist, pub. several poems,
hymns, &c. The Holy Bible in Verse, 1778, 4 vols. 12mo.
Fellows, Robert. The Rights of Property vindi-
cated against Universal Suffrage, Lon., 1818, 12mo.
Felltham, or Feltham, Owen, d. about 1678? a
native of Suffolk, author of a work of great ability, lived
for some years in the family of the Earl of Thomond.
With the exception of this fact, but little is known of him.
Resolves, divine, moral, and political, in two centuries,
1st ed., 12mo, date uncertain. 2d and 3d, 1628, 4to;
4th, 1631, 4to; 5th, 1634, 4to; 6th, 1636, 4to; 7th, 1647,
4to; Sth, 1661, fol.; 9th, 1670, fol.; 10th, 1677, fol.; 11th,
1696, fol.; 12th, 1709, Svo; 13th, by Mr. Cumming, 1896,
Svo; 14th, also by Mr. C., 1820, Svo. New ed., 1839, fp.
8vo. Century I., 1840, cr. 4to. The Beauties of Owen
Feltham, selected from his Resolves, by J. A., was pub.
in 1818, 12mo. For an account of this excellent work,
and some other compositions of Feltham, included in some
of the edits. of the Resolves, we must refer the reader to
Mr. Cumming's edit., and to the Lon. Retrosp. Review,
x. 343-365, 1824.
"We lay aside the Resolves, as we part from our dearest friends,
in the hope of frequently returning to them. We recommend the
whole of them to our readers' perusal. They will find therein
more solid maxius, as much piety. and far letter writing, than
in most of the pulpit lectures now current among us.”—Ubi supra.
"When FELTHAM lived. casuistry was a favourite study. This
volume is a cabinet of the fashion of the day; full of gorgeous
ornaments of mother-of-pearl and shells, and curiously carved,
traced, and hinged."-Archdeacon Wrangham.
"Of this book, the first part of which was published in 1627, the
second not until after the middle of the century, it is not ungom-
mon to meet with high praises in those modern writers, who pro-
fess a faithful allegiance to our older literature. For myself, I can
only say that Feltham appears not only a laboured and artificial,
but a shallow, writer. Among his many faults, none strike me
more than a want of depth. which his pointed and sententious
manner renders more ridiculous. . . He is one of our worst wri-
ters in point of style; with little vigour, he has less elegance.”-
Hallam's Introduc. to Lit. Hist. q. v.
We quote one observation of Feltham's, pertinent to the
object of this Dictionary.
16 It was an observation of the excellent Plutarch, that we ought
·
to regard books as we do sweetmeats: not chiefly to aim at the
pleasantest, but chiefly to respect the wholesomest; not forbidding
either, but approving the latter most.
Feltham says truly enough, in another place,
"Learning falls far short of wisdom, nay, so far, that you can
scarcely find a greater fool than is sometimes a mere scholar.”
Felt, Rev. Joseph B., b. 1789, at Salem, Massa-
chusetts, grad. Dartmouth Coll., 1813. 1. Anuals of Salem,
Salem, 1827, Svo; 1845, 2 vols. 12mo.
“An accurate and useful work, the fruit of much original re-
Bearch."-BANCROFT.
2. Historical Account of Massachusetts Currency, 1839,8vo.
"Full of instruction from beginning to end. not only as throw-
ing great light upon the history of the country, and the working
of its institutions, but also giving practical lessons, applicable to
the present state of things.”—North Amer. Review, 1. 256.
3. History of Ipswich, Essex, and Hamilton, 1833.
4. Collections for the American Statistical Association on
Towns, Population, and Taxation, 1847, pp. 596. 5. Me-
moir of Roger Conant, 1848. Mr. Felt has favoured us
Mr. Felt has favoured us
with some other statistical and topographical labours.
See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova; Ludewig's Lit. of Amer.
Local Hist.
The erudition of Mr. Felt, as an antiquary, has been
acknowledged by one of our highest authorities:
"Rev. Joseph B. Felt, whose profound acquaintance with the
antiquities of Massachusetts is known to the public."-HON. ED-
WARD EVERETT: Note to his Address on the Battle of Bloody Brook,
delivered Sept. 30, 1835: Orations and Speeches, vol. i., 3d ed., 1853.
Feltham, John. 1. Tour through the Isle of Man
in 1797-98, Lon., 1798, 8vo. 2. The English Enchiridion:
Apothegms, Moral Maxims, &c., Bath, 1799, cr. 8vo. 3.
Structure and Economy of the Human Body, 1803, 8vo.
Felton, Cornelius Conway, since 1834 Eliot Prof.
of Greek Literature in Harvard University, b. 1807, at West
Newbury, Mass., has edited several of the classics, pub. a
number of valuable works, and contributed many papers
to the North American Review and other periodicals.
1. Iliad of Homer, with Flaxman's Illust. and Eng. Notes,
1833. Svo; many eds. 2. Menzel's Hist. of German Litera-
ture, trans. 1840, 3 vols. 12mo. 3. Greek Reader, 1840, 12mo;
many eds. 4. The Clouds of Aristophanes, 1841; repub. in
England: 3d ed. 5. The Panegyricus of Isocrates, 1847;
2d ed., 1854. 6. The Agamemnon of Eschylus, 1847, 12mo
This was reviewed by C. A. Bristed in the Knickerbocker,
xxx. 246, by Tayler Lewis, xxix. 543. Mr. Francis Bowen
answered this article in N. Amer. Rev., lxv. 239. Other
papers upon the same subject will be found in the Knick-
erbocker, xxx. 246; Knickerbocker, xxx. 260, 325. 374, by
C. A. Bristed; Amer. Lit. Mag., i. 37, 124; Chris. Exam.,
xliii. 140. 7. Metres of the Greeks and Romans, 12mo.
S. The Birds of Aristophanes, with Eng. Introd. and Notes;
repub. in England. 9. The Earth and Man: Lectures on
Comparative Physical Geography, in relation to the His-
tory of Mankind. by Prof. Arnold Guyot; trans. by C. C.
Felton, Boston, 1849, 12mo. Several eds. of it have been
pub. in England; it has been trans. into German and cir-
culated on the Continent. Several discourses on education
and kindred subjects.
"It will not only render the study of Geography more attract-
ive. but actually show it in its true light: namely, as the science
history: of the contrasts observed between the different parts of
of the relations which exist between nature and man throughout
the globe; of the laws of horizontal and vertical forms of the dry
land, in its contact with the sea; of climate, &c."-Prof. Louis
| AGASSIZ.
The work is one of high merit, exhibiting a wide range of
knowledge, great research, and a philosophical spirit of investi
gation. Its perusal will well repay the most learned in such sub-
jects, and give new views to all of man's relation to the globe he
iubabits."-Silliman's Journal.
Also highly commended by Mr. George S. Hillard, and
in the N. Amer. Review, and in the Christian Examiner.
The value of Prof. Guyot's Mural Map is well known to
teachers and pupils.
teachers and pupils. 10. Memorial of Prof. Popkin, 1852.
11. Selections from the Greek Historians. 12. Smith's Hist.
of Greece, with a continuation, 1855. 12. Lord Carlisle's
Diary in Turkish and Greek Waters, with Notes and Illus-
trations, 1855, Svo. Articles on Agassiz, Athens, and
Attica, in New Amer. Cyc. Professor Felton is also one of
the authors (in conjunction with Profs. Sears and Edwards)
of Miscellaneous Essays on subjects connected with Classical
Literature, pub. by Gould & Lincoln of Boston, under the
title of Ancient Literature and Art. Such contributions to
To Prof. F. we are also indebted for the Life of Wm. Eaton
the intellectual wealth of the country are indeed invaluable.
in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 1st Series, ix. 163, and several
other literary labours.
Felton, Daniel. The Examination and Confession
of Capt. Lilburne and Capt. Viviers, Lon., 1642.
Blood and Moneys, (in these Times of Warre,) and to do
Felton, Edmond. Engines invented to save much
good Service, Lon., 1644, 4to.
Felton, George. Serm., 1715, Svo.
Felton, Henry, Rector of Malford. Serm., 1689.
Felton, Henry, D.D., 1679-1740, a native of London,
educated at Westminster School, the Charter Ilouse, and
Edmund Hall, Oxf.; Rector of Whitewell, Derbyshire, 1711;
Principal of Edmund Hall, 1722. 1. Colebrook Lettc,
1706. 2. Serm., 1711, Svo. 3. Dissert. on reading the
1757. A highly-esteemed work.
Classics, and forming a just style, 1711; 4th and best ed.,
1757. A highly-esteemed work. 4. Serms. and theolog.
treatises, 1725-48. 5. Serms., pub. by his son, Rev. Wm.
Felton, with Life, 1748.
Felton, John H. The Decimal System, Bost., 1859.
Felton, Nicholas, d. 1626, Master of Pembroke Hall,
Cambridge, 1616; Bishop of Bristol, 1617; of Coventry
and Lichfield, 1618; of Ely, 1619. He was one of the
translators of the Bible temp. James I.
Felton, S. 1. Gleanings on Gardens, Lon. 2. On the
Portraits of English Authors on Gardening, with Biog.
Notices; 2d ed., with addits., 1830, Svo.
585
FEL
FEN
Felton, Wm. Letter to Rev. Mr. Romaine on his Dis-
course on the Law and the Gospel, 1761, 8vo. Serm., 1773.
Felton, Wm., a London coach-maker. Carriages
and Harness, 1794, '95; Supp., 1796, 3 vols. 8vo.
Feltwell, R. Serm., Lon., 1660, 4to.
Fen, James. Serm., 1686, 4to.
Fen. See FENN.
Fenby, Thomas. English Synonymes; a Copious
Dictionary of Synonymes, Classified and Explained; with
an Outline of English Grammar, a Selection of Latin and
French Quotations, with corresponding English Transla-
tions, &c., Liverp., 1853, 12mo.
Fencer, James. The Cow Ragious Castle-Combat,
Lon., 1635, 45, 4to. A poetical tract.
?
Fenn, Lady, pub., under the assumed name of Mrs.
Lovechild, a number of useful educational works, of which
the sale has been very large. 1. The Child's Grammar;
44th ed., Lon., 1851, 18mo. 2. The Mother's Grammar;
22d ed., 1849, 18mo. 3. Parsing Lessons for Elder Pupils.
4. For Children; new ed., 1849, 18mo. 5. Grammatical
Amusements; in a box. 6. Sunday Miscellany.
6. Sunday Miscellany. 7. Short
Sermons for Young Persons. Under the name of S. Love-
child, was pub., in 1852, Lon., 12mo, Sketches of Little
Boys and Girls.
Fenn, Fen, or Fenne, John, d. 1615, a R. Catholic
divine, a native of Montacute, Somersetshire, Fellow of
New Coll., Oxf., 1552, became confessor to the English
nuns at Louvain. Life of St. Catherine of Sienna, from
the Italian, 1609, Svo. He also wrote Vitæ quorundam
Martyrum in Anglia, and other pieces, and made trans.
of Bishop Fisher's and other works. See Athen. Oxon.;
Wood's Annals; Dodd's Ch. Hist.; Fuller's Worthies.
Fenn, Sir John, 1739–1794, an antiquary, a native
of Norwich, made a large collection of original letters,
written during the reigns of Henry VI., Edward IV.,
Richard III., and Henry VII., by members of the Paston
Family, and others, who were personally conversant with
the events of their times. Two vols. were pub. in 1787, 4to,
and 2 more in 1789, 4to; vol. v., 1823, 4to. There are a
few copies of the first four vols. on large paper, which bring
a high price. Indeed, a set of the ordinary size, first edit.,
was formerly worth about ten guincas. Of the first two
vols. there were two edits., of which the second is to be
preferred, having addits. and corrections by the editor and
George Steevens. New ed., 2 vols. in 1, sq. 12mo, 1840.
Also in Knight's Miscellanies, 1840, 41, 2 vols. sq., and
in Bohn's Antiquarian Library, 1849, 2 vols. in 1, 12mo.
In the new edits. the duplicate version of the letters, in
old English, is omitted.
"The Paston Letters are an important testimony to the progres-
sive condition of society, and come in as a precious link in the
chain of the moral history of England, which they alone in this
period supply. ... Pictures of the life of the English gentry in
that age. Hallam's Introduct. to Lit. of Europe.
"The letters of Henry the Sixth's reign are come out, and to
me make all other letters not worth reading. I've gone through
above one volume, and cannot bear to be writing when I am so
eager to be reading."-IIORACE WALPOLE: Letters to Lady Ossory.
"Friday, Feb. 9, 1787.
"I am now reading the Paston Family Original Letters. written
in the wars of York and Lancaster, and am greatly entertained
with them. Their antique air, their unstudied communication of
the modes of those old times, with their undoubted authenticity,
render them highly interesting, curious, and informing. The
Queen told me she had been much struck with the Duke of Suf-
folk's letter to his son. It is indeed both interesting and instruct-
ive.”—Madame D'Arblay's Diary.
Sir John also pub. Three Chronological Tables of the
members of the Society of Antiquaries, 1784, 4to.
Fenn, Joseph. Serms., Lon., 1830, 8vo.
Fenn, Richard. Panegyricon Inaugurale Prætoris
Regii, &c., 1637, 4to.
"Ills works discover much acquaintance with religion in all its
parts; his manner plain, zealous, and alarming."-Williams's C. P
Fenning, Daniel. Works on mathematics, geo-
graphy, philology, and commerce, Lon., 1750-72.
Bibl. Brit.
See
Fennor, Wm. 1. Fennor's Defence, Lon., 1615, 8vo.
2. Speeches before the King and Queen, &c., 1616, 4to.
Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 916, £5 58. Reprinted in Nichols's
Progresses of K. James I. 3. The Compter's Common-
wealth, 1617, 4to. This describes the troubles of an un-
fortunate debtor in the hands of serjeants and jailers.
4. Lawes, Justice, and Equity of a Compter, 1629, 4to.
Fenton, Edward, d. 1603, a navigator, a native of
Nottinghamshire, and a brother of Sir Geoffrey Fenton.
Certaine Secretes and Wonders of Nature, Lon., 1569, 4to.
Voyage to Magellan in 1582, written by his Vice-Admiral,
Luke Ward. See Callander's Voyages, i., p. 373, 1766.
Fenton, Elijah, 1683-1730, a native of Shelton,
Staffordshire, educated at Jesus Coll., Camb., is best known
as the assistant of Pope in the trans. of the Odyssey. In
See
this capacity he has already come under our notice.
BROOME, WILLIAM. Although, according to Johnson and
Warton, Fenton trans. only the 1st, 4th, 19th, and 20th
books, yet the Earl of Orrery asserts that he really trans.
double the number of books that Pope has owned:—
"His reward was a trifle-an arrant trifle. He has even told me
had no opinion of Pope's heart, and declared him, in the words of
that he thought Pope feared him more than he loved him. IIe
Bishop Atterbury, Mens curva in corpore curvo.”—Earl of Orrery's
Letter to Mr. Duncombe.
He was for some time master of the Free Grammar
School at Sevenoaks, Kent, and subsequently tutor to
Lord Broghill, son of his friend, the Earl of Orrery.
1. Poems on several occasions, Lon., 1717, Svo. 2. Mari-
anne; a Tragedy, Svo.
"The tenor of his verse is so uniform that it cannot be thought
casual; and yet. upon what principle he so constructed it as it is,
is difficult to discover."-Dr. Johnson's Life of Fenton.
3. Waller's Poems, with Notes, 1729.
"Notes often useful, often entertaining, but too much extended
by long quotations from Clarendon. Illustrations drawn from a
book so easily consulted should be made by references rather than
transcription."-DR. JOHNSON: ubi supra. "Life of Millon prefixed
to the Poems of the latter, 1723.
"He undertook to revise the punctuation of Milton's poems,
which, as the author neither wrote the original copy nor corrected
the press, was supposed to be capable of amendment. To this edi
tion he prefixed a short and elegant account of Milton's life, written
at once with tenderuess and integrity."—Dr. Johnson: ubi supra.
Fenn, Warwell. Serms., Colch., 1830, '36, 2 vols. 8vo.
Fenne, Thomas. Fenne's Fruits, Lon., 1590, 4to.
This work treats of Fame, War, the Trojans, &c.
|
Fennel, James, 1766-1816, a native of London, an
actor, emigrated to Philadelphia, where he died. 1. State-
ment of Facts rel. to a disturb. at the Edin. Theatre, 1788,
8vo. 2. Lindor and Clara; a Comedy, 1791, Svo.. 3. Pro-
ceedings at Paris, 1792, 8vo. 4. Apology for his Life,
1814, 2 vols. See Biog. Dramat.
Fenner, Dudley, d. 1587, aged about 30, a Puritan
divine, pub. several theolog. treatises, 1583-94, and the
Artes of Logike and Rhetorike, 1584, 4to. See Bibl. Brit.
Fenner, Lud. John. Serm., 1777, 8vo.
Fenner, Wm.,
b. 1600, d. about 1640, a Puritan di-
vine, educated at Pembroke Hall, Camb., became a preacher
at Sedgeley, Staffordshire; Rector of Rochford, Essex,
1829. Works, consisting of Serms. and Discourses, Lon.,
1657, fol.
See Johnson's Lives of the English Poets; Nichols's
Poems; Bowles's ed. of Pope; Ruffhead's Pope; Spence's
Anecdotes.
Fenton, Sir Geoffrey, Geffrey, or Jeffrey, d.
1608, a brother of Edward Fenton, q. v., was a sagacious
statesman, for twenty-seven years
statesman, for twenty-seven years "privy-councillor in
Ireland," and a great favourite with Queen Elizabeth.
1. Certain Tragicall Discourses, Written out of Frenche
and Latine, Lon., 1567, '79, 4to.
"In point of selection of size, perhaps the most capital collection
of this kind is Fenton's book of tragical novels."-Warton's Hist.
of Eng. Poetry.
"The learned stories erste, and sugred tayles that laye
Remoude from simple common sence, this writer doth displaye."
–George TubeRVILLE: Recommendatory Poems, prefixed to Certain
Tragicall Discourses.
Golden Epistles, from Guevara and other Authours, La-
tin, French, and Italian, 1575, 77, '82, 4to. The Epistles
of Guevara, in this vol., are not contained in the collection
of his Epistles pub. by Edward Hellowes in 1574. Fenton
pub. several other translations into English, the best known
of which is The History of Guicciardin, 1579, fol.; 2d ed.,
1599, fol.; 3d ed., 1618, fol.
"Fenton is a good old translator."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
"Even Guicciardin's siluer Historie, and Ariosto's golden Cantos,
growe out of request, and the Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia is
not greene enough for queasie stomaches, but they must haue
Greene's Arcadia.”—Gabriel Harvey's Foure Letlers, &c., Lon., 1592,
4to, lett. iii., p. 29.
"It is probably to this book that Gabriel Harvey, Spenser's
Hobbinol, alludes.”— Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poetry,
Of Guicciardini's celebrated history we shall have some-
what to say when we come to notice Goddard's translation.
See GODDARD, AUSTIN PARKE.
Fenton, J. King James: his Welcome to London,
Lon., 1603, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 931, £3 38. North,
|
Pt. 3, 792, £2 9».
Fenton, Richard, a Welsh barrister, d. 1821. An
Historical Tour through Pembrokeshire, a map, and 30 en-
gravings by Storer and Greig, Lon., 1811, 4to, and imp. 4to.
In this valuable work, which is rich in the history and an-
tiquities of Wales, the author had the assistance of Sir
Richard Colt Hoare. Mr. Fenton also wrote A Tour in
580
FEN
FER
Search of a Genealogy, Memoirs of an Old Wig, and left
a MS. trans. of Athenæus.
Fenton, Roger, D.D. 1. Answer to W. Alabaster-
his Motives, Lon., 1599, 4to. 2. Treatise of Usury, 1612,
4to. See an examination of this in Sir Robert Filmer's
Quæstio Quodlibetica, 1653, '58, 8vo. 3. 5 Serms., 1616.
4. Ch. of Rome, 1617, 4to.
Fenton, Thomas, Rector of Nately-scures, Hamp-
shire. Annotations on the Book of Job, and the Psalms,
collected from several commentators, and methodized and
improved, Lon., 1732, Svo.
Fenwick, Lt. Col. Address to Infantry, 1803, 4to.
Fenwick, Mrs. E. Secrecy; a Novel, 1799, 3 vols.
12mo. 2. Infantine Stories, 1815, 12mo.
"One of the most interesting books that can possibly be put into
the hands of a child."
Fenwick, George, a Hutchinsonian divine, Rector
of Hallaton, Leicestershire. 1. Serms., &c., 1737-58.
2. Thoughts on the Hebrew Titles of the Psalms, &c., Lon.,
1749, 8vo.
"A curious and rather interesting production, and the only trea-
tise on the subject. I suppose, in our language. . . . The object is
to show that Christ or his church is the burden of all the Psalms;
and that this is indicated by the titles of many of them. It is
often, no doubt. both fanciful and hypothetical, and largely im-
bued with the theology of his master; but the book contains both
learning and piety, and will reward a perusal."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
3. The Psalter in its Original Form, 1759, 8vo. The
design here is the same as in the former work.
"Written on this hypothesis. Mr. Fenwick is often fanciful in
his interpretations. He has, however, many happy renderings."-
Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Fenwick, John. Mem. of Dumourier, 1794, 2 vols.
8vo. 1. The Trial of J. Coigley, 1798, Svo. 2. The In-
dian; a Farce, 1800, Svo. 3. Grammars, &c., 1811.
Fenwick, John Ralph, M.D., of Durham. 1.
careous Manures; Electric Fiaids in Vegetation, 1798, Svo.
"The author trod the old path, and did not find a new road to
any point.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
2. Life of John Clerk, M.D., 1806, Svo. 3. Oil of Tur-
pentine in Tænia, in Med. Chir. Trans., 1811.
?
Fenwick, R. O. The Goblin Groom, Edin., 1807, 4to.
Fenwick, Thomas. 1. Practical Mechanics, Newc.,
1801, Svo. 2. Subterraneous Surveying, &c., 1804, Svo.
Fenwick, Wm. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1642, 43, 4to.
Fenwick, Wm. Serm., 1701, Syo.
Fenwicke, Lt. Col. John. Christ ruling in the
midst of his Enemies, Lon., 1643, 4to.
Ferebe, George. R. Abrahami Fil. Rattani, Præcep-
ta Judaica affirmativa ac negativa; Lat.; Camb., 1597, Svo.
Fergus, Henry. Laws and Institutions of Moses,
Dumf. and Lon., (1811,) Svo. This is detached from the
author's unpublished Hist. of the Hebrews.
"His pamphlet displays in a concise yet luminous manner the
several topics which the ecclesiastical government of the Hebrews
includes."-Lom. Month. Rev.
2. Hist. of the U. States of America, 1492-1829, Lon.,
1830-32, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. The Testimony of Nature and
3. The Testimony of Nature and
Revelation to the Being, Perfection, and Govt. of God,
Edin., 1833, p. Svo.
Ferguson's History is carried down to the end of the
reign of Tiberius, and should be read as an introduction
to Gibbon's Decline and Fall. Ferguson was also the au-
thor of several minor publications. See Chambers's Lives
of Illust. and Dist. Scotsmen; Scots Mag.; Public Cha-
Cal-racters, 1799, 1800; Lockhart's Life of Scott; Eneye. Brit.
Ferguson, Andrew. The Gardener's Universal
Guide, Lon., 1788, Svo.
Ferguson, Andrew, M.D. Med. Researches, 1801.
Ferguson, or Fergusson, David. Collection of
Scottish Proverbs. Printed about 1598. Reprinted, Edin.,
1785.
"It displays infinitely more of original thought and patient re-
search than the volumes published by the Managers of his Lord-
ship's [the Bridgewater] Legacy.”—Lon. Athenæum.
"He has avowedly availed himself at times of Ray. Derham, and
Paley; but his volume has many sources of illustration not known
to those writers.”—Lon. Month. Rev.
Also commended in the Cong. Mag., Evang. Mag., Dubl.
Univ. Mag., &c.
4. Readings in Natural Theology, Oxf., 1838, fp. Svo.
Ferguson. Serm., Lon., 1615, 4to.
Ferguson. Encroachments of Chas. II., 1689.
Ferguson. View of an Ecclesiastick, 1698, 4to.
Ferguson and Vance. Tenure of Land in Ireland,
1854, Svo.
"A very full and detailed statement of the various modes of
holding land in Ireland, the cultivation of the soil, its products,
and value."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
congress representing the different States. In 1785 he re-
signed the professorship of Moral Philosophy in favour of
Dugald Stewart. Late in life he paid another visit to the
Continent, and on his return retired to St. Andrew's, whero
he lived in the enjoyment of literary society until 1816,
when he died, in the 93d
when he died, in the 93d year of his age. 1. An Essay on
the Hist. of Civil Society, Edin., 1767, 4to; 7th ed., Lon.,
1814, 8vo.
Ferguson, Adam. Serm., 1745.
Ferguson, Adam, LL.D., 1724-1816, a son of the
Rev. Adam Ferguson, minister of Logie Rait, Perthshire,
was educated at the University of St. Andrew's, where he
was distinguished for his acquirements. In 1744 he en-
tered the 42d regiment as chaplain, and occupied this post
until 1757, when he accepted the situation of tutor in the
family of Lord Bute. In 1759 he was chosen Professor of
Natural Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh, and
five years later, in 1764, obtained the professorship of Mo-
ral Philosophy. From 1773 to 1775 he travelled on the
Continent with the Earl of Chesterfield. In 1778 he was
appointed secretary to the commissioners sent to America
to endeavour to effect an amicable compromise with the
"There are uncommon strains of eloquence in it; and I was
surprised to find not one single idiom of his country (I think) in
the whole work. His application to the heart is frequent, and
often successful. His love of Montesquieu and Tacitus has led
him into a manner of writing too short-winded and sententious,
which those great men, had they lived in better times, and under
a better government, would have avoided."-GRAY, the poet.
2. Institutes of Moral Philosophy, for the use of Stu-
dents, Edin., 1769, '70, 12mo. 3. A Reply to Dr. Price on
Civil and Religious Liberty, 1776. 4. The Hist. of the
Progress and Termination of the Roman Republic, Lon.,
1783, 3 vols. 4to; 1805, 5 vols. 8vo. The value of this
work is well known.
"Authentic and dignified; and the latter volumes, on the strug
gles and termination of the Republic, are full of interesting reflec
tions."-CHANCELLOR KENT.
"I comfort myself, that as my trade is the study of human na-
ture. I could not fix on a more interesting corner of it than the
end of the Roman republic. Whether my compilations should
ever deserve the attention of any one besides myself must remain
to be determined after they are further advanced."-Letter to Edl.
ward Gibbon, 180 April, 1776, before the completion of the work as
published.
Ferguson, Elizabeth Græme, 1739-1801, a native
of Philadelphia, was a daughter of Dr. Thomas Græme, an
eminent Scotch physician, settled in Philadelphia, son-in-
Jaw to Sir William Keith, Governor of Pennsylvania, 1717–
170. She married Hugh Henry Ferguson, a Scotchman,
from whom she was separated in 1775, in consequence of
Mr. Ferguson's adherence to the British Government on
the occurrence of the American Revolution. She trans.
Fénélon's Telemachus into English heroic verse; this bas
not been printed; (the MS. is in the Franklin Library,
Phila.;) but some of her minor poems, letters. &c. have
been given to the world. For an interesting account of
this lady, and an estimate of her merits as an author, and
some specimens of her composition, see Griswold's Female
See also E. A. and G. L. Duyckincks'
Poets of America.
Cyc. of Amer. Lit., for her poetical correspondence with
Rev. Nathaniel Evans, which is not without merit.
Ferguson, H. Serm., 1743, Svo.
Ferguson, or Fergusson, James, Minister at Kil-
winning, Scotland. 1. Expos. of the 1st and 2d Epist. to
the Philippians and Colossians, Lon., 1656, 8vo. 2. Expos.
of the 1st and 2d Epist. to the Galatians and Ephesians,
1659, 12mo.
"They abound with pertinent observations deduced from the
text considered in its proper connexion, and in a method almost
peculiar to the Scottish divines of the last century."-Dr. Wil-
liams's C. P.
3. Expos. of the 1st and 2d Epist. to the Thessalonians,
1675, 12mo.
"These short expositions [all of the above] are uncommonly
sensible, and display very considerable capacity for explaining the
Bible."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
New ed. of the above, in 1 vol. large Svo, Lon., 1841.
4. Serms. on the Errors of Toleration, Erastianism, Inde-
pendency, and Separation, with four occasional Serms.,
Edin., 1698, Svo.
"A good old Scotch writer."-Bickersteth's C. S.
Ferguson, James, 1710-1776, a native of Keith,
Bamffshire, whilst yet very young, without the advantages
of education, exhibited a remarkable genius for mechanical
and astronomical investigations. Whilst employed in the
humble capacity of a shepherd, he continued his studies
with untiring zeal. In 1743 he came to London, where
he attracted great attention by the publication of astrono-
mical tables, and the delivery of lectures, repeated in many
towns in England, on experimental philosophy. A list of
his publications and contributions to Phil. Trans. will be
found in Bibl. Brit. Works, edited by Sir David Brewster,
537
FER
FER
Edin., 5 vols. 8vo. Lectures on select Subjects in Mecha-
nics, Hydrostatics, &c., edited by Sir D. B., 2 vols. Svo.
Astronomy explained upon Sir Isaac Newton's principles,
1821, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., 1841, 2 vols. Svo.
"He was universally considered as at the head of astronomy
and mechanics in this nation of philosophers; and he might justly
be styled self-taught, or rather heaven-taught, for in his whole life
he had not received above half a year's instruction at school.”—
Encyc. Brit. See Chambers's Lives of Illust. and Dist. Scotsmen,
Ferguson, Sir James, of Kilhenam, one of the sena-
tors of the College of Justice. Decisions of the Ct. of Ses-
sions, 1738-52, in the form of a Dictionary. Pub. by his
son, Edin., 1755, fol.
Ferguson, James. 1. Volunteer Corps, Edin., 1806,
Svo. 2. Reform in Civil Justice, 1807, Svo. 3. New Biog.
Dict., 1810, 18mo. 4. Bill rel. to separate Tribunal, 1824,
8vo. 5. Entails, 1830, Svo.
"A well-timed and admirable treatise."-Ayr Advertiser.
6. Addit. Obs. on Entails, 8vo. 7. Actions of Divorce,
1823, 8vo.
Habits of dissipation resulted in poverty and despond-
ency, and the poet ended his life in the Insane Asylum at
Edinburgh. An interesting memoir of Fergusson will be
found in Chambers's Lives of Illust. and Dist. Scotsmen.
Burns greatly admired Fergusson, and was stimulated to
poetical composition by reading his effusions. He erected
a monument to his memory in the Canongate churchyard,
and often bewails his unhappy end, both in his prose and
..
The discussions embrace some of the most important, and, per-
haps, some of the most difficult, questions which can be agitated poetical pieces. We quote the following elegy, written by
in a court of law.”—Lon. Quart. Rev.
Burns in a copy of Fergusson's works:
8. Consistorial Law in Scotland, 1829, 8vo.
Ferguson, John. Surg. con. to Phil. Trans., 1738.
Ferguson, or Fergusson, John. A Dict. of the
Hindostan Language, Lon., 1773, 4to. The principal part
of the impression was lost at sea.
Ferguson, Robert, d. 1714, was ejected in 1662 from
his living of Godmarsham, Kent.. 1. Justification, Lon.,
1668, 12mo. 2. Moral Virtue, 1673, Svo. 3. The Interest
of Reason in Religion, of the Use of Scripture Metaphors,
&c., 1675, Svo.
..
"Part of a controversy in which the author and some others
were engaged with Dr. Sherlock. . Ferguson's work contains
some judicious remarks on the use of reason in religion, and also
on the metaphysical language of Scripture."-Orme's Bibl. Brit.
Other works. For a notice of works pub. against Fergu-
son's views, see Lowndes's Brit. Librarian, 758.
Ferguson, Robert. 1. The Shadow of the Pyramid;
a series of Sonnets, Lon., 1847, fp. Svo. 2. The Pipe of
Repose; or, Recollections of Eastern Travel, 1848, 12mo;
3d ed., 1852, sq.
"We do not disparage Eothen.' when we offer an opinion that
It is Eothen in miniature, Eothen in spirit, Eothen in popular at-
traction, and quite Eothen in talent."-Lon. Literary Gaz.
3. Swiss Men and Swiss Mountains, 1853, 16mo.
Ferguson, Robert. A Catalogue of Books in his
Library, Edin., 1817, 4to. Privately printed.
Ferguson, Robert. See FERGUSSON.
Ferguson, Wm. Interest Tables, Edin., 1839, 12mo.
New ed., 1853, 12mo.
"For completeness, simple arrangement, and consequent case
of reference, these Tables excel every work on Interest which we
have yet seen.”—Scotsman.
<
Ferguson, Wm. 1. Spiritual Ruin, &c. in the dio-
cese of Oxford, Lon. 2. The Impending Danger of our
2. The Impending Danger of our
Country, 1848, fp. Svo.
"The facts of this volume are heart-rending and appalling, and
the nature of the remedy is a problem which ought earnestly to
Occupy every politician and every enlarged Christian."-Noncon-
formist.
Ferguson, Wm. D. 1. Practice of Cts. in Ireland,
Dubl., 1841, '42, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Of the treatises which have appeared on the practice of the
Courts, I may especially allude to that of Mr. Ferguson, a work of
very great merit and very considerable accuracy."-PROFESSOR
NAPIER.
2. Practical Proceed. and Pleadings of Cts. in Ireland,
1845, 8vo. 3. Irish Cts. Registrations, 1846, 12mo. 4. Law
of Railway Companies in Ireland, 1848, 12mo. 5. Code
rel. to Churches, Lon., 1851, Svo. 6. Tenure and improv.
of Land in Ireland, 1851, 8vo.
Fergusone,or Fergusson, David. Sermon preachit
befoire the Regent and Nobilitie, Sanetandrois, 1572, Svo.
Fergusson, David. Epithalamium mysticum Salo-
monis Regis, &c., Edin., 1677, 12mo.
Fergusson, James. 1. Ancient Topog. of Jerusa-
lem. 1847, imp. 8vo. 2. Ancient Architecture in Hindos-
tan, Lon., 1847, fol.
Exquisite specimens of artistic skill. enhanced in value by
the faithfulness with which every scene and place is recorded.”
Lon. Art Union,
|
|
siderable merit, was a native of Edinburgh, and educated
at the University of St. Andrew's. He contributed many
pieces to Ruddiman's Weekly Magazine, (commenced in
1768,) which he pub. in a volume in 1773, Edin., 12mo;
Perth, 1789, 2 vols. 12mo; Glasg., 1800, 12mo. With Life,
by Alex. Peterkin, Edin., 1807, Greenock, 1810, 8vo. With
Life, by David Irving; numerous edits. A new ed. has re-.
cently been pub. by A. Fullarton, Edinburgh.
"The most correct and authentic collection of the works of Fer-
gusson extant.”—North British Mail.
“An edition of Fergusson, such as this is-complete, careful, and
handsome was wanted, and is welcome."-Scotsman.
3. Hist. Inquiry into the true Principles of Beauty in
Art, more especially with reference to Architecture, 1848,
imp. Svo. See commendation in Lon. Eclectic Review.
4. The Palaces of Nineveh and Persepolis Restored,
1851, 8vo.
"This book contains many things of general interest relating to
one of the most wonderful discoveries that have occurred in the his-
tory of the world.”—Lon. Gent. Mag.
Other works.
"Curse on ungrateful man that can be pleased,
And yet can starve the author of his pleasure!
Oh, thou, my elder brother in misfortune,
By far my elder brother in the muses,
With tears I pity thy unhappy fate!
Why is the bard unfitted for the world,
Yet has so keen a relish of its pleasures?"
This is all very absurd. If the bard" would cultivate
industry and virtue, instead of addicting himself to the
"good sherris sack," he would do well enough in "the
world."
Fergusson, Robert. 1. Representation in Scotland,
&c., 1792, Svo. 2. Proceed. rel. to Earl of Thanet, &c.,
1799, &c.
Fergusson, Wm., M.D. 1. Con. to Med. Chirurg.
Trans., 1811, '13. 2. Notes and Recollec. of a Profess.
Life, edited by his son, James Fergusson, Lon., 1846, 8vo.
"To the medical officer, and, we may add, in many instances, to
the civil practitioner also, it cannot fail to prove both interesting
and useful.”—United Service Gaz.
3. A System of Practical Surgery, 1842, fp. Svo; 3d ed.,
1852; 4th Amer. from the 3d Lon. ed., Phila., 1854, 8vo.
"We feel persuaded it will prove as great a favourite as it de-
serves."-Elin. Jour. of Med. Science.
"No work was ever written which more nearly comprehended
the necessities of the student and practitioner, and was more care-
fully arranged to that single purpose than this."—N. Y. Med. and
Surg. Jour.
Fermar, Henrietta Louisa, Countess of Pomfret.
Corresp. between her and the Countess of Hartford, (after-
wards Duchess of Somerset,) Lon., 1803, 3 vols. 12mo.
Ferme, Charles, d. about 1620, a native of Edin-
burgh, regent 1589, afterwards minister of Fraserburgh.
Analysis Logica in Epistolam Apostoli Pauli ad Romanos,
Edin., 1651, 12mo.
“A small but very excellent work, in which the argument and
meaning of the apostle are very accurately unfolded."-Orme's
Bibl. Bib.
Fermor, Wm. Cow-pox and small-pox, Lon., 1800,8vo.
Fern, Dr. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1698.
Fern, Fanny. See PARTON, MRS. SARAH P.
Fern, Robert. Funl. serm., Lon., 1710, 8vo.
Fern, Thomas. Cure for the King's Evil, Lon., 4to.
Fernandez, Eleonora. The Economy of the Hu-
man Mind, Lon., Svo.
Ferne, Henry, D.D., 1602-1661, a native of York,
educated at St. Mary Hall, Oxf., and Trin. Coll., Camb.
He became Archdeacon of Leicester, Dean of Ely, Master
of Trin. Coll., Camb., and Vice-Chanceller, and in 1661
Bishop of Chester. He pub. four tracts against the Re-
bellion, 1642, 43, two serms., 1644-49, and five treatises
in defence of the Ch. of Eng. against Romanism and Pres-
byterianism. 1647-60. His tract, On Submission to the
Church, will be found in Tracts Angl. Fathers, iii. 11.
Ferne, Sir John, d. about 1610, an eminent antiquary,
father of the preceding, was educated at Oxford, whence
he went to the Middle Temple. The Blazon of Gentric:
deuided into two Parts. The first named The Glorie of
Generositie; the second, Lacy's Nobilitie, Lon., 1586, 4to.
According to Dallaway, this was the most complete epi-
tome then extant.
Ferne, or Fern, Robert. Serms., Lon., 1721, 8vo.
to C. Beatty, and Remarks by Wm. Ferguson, Lon., 12mo.
Ferne, Wm. Tract on Adam's sin, rel. to a Letter
Fernehough, Wm., Vicar of Aspatria. 1 Trent-
ham Park; a Poem, Lon., 1789, 4to. 2. Poems, 1814, Svo.
Fernel, John. Christian Reconciler, 1801, 12mo.
Fernie, John. 1. Hist. of the Town and Parish of
Fergusson, Robert, 1750–1774, a Scotch poet of con- Dunfermline, Dunferm., 1815, Svo. 2. Serms., 1818, Evo.
558
FER
FER
Feron, John. Farriery, Lon., 1803, 4to; 1809, 8vo.
Ferrall, Denis. Book-Keeping, Dubl., 8vo.
Ferrall, S. A. Under this name appeared Nos. 1 and
3 of the works of O'FERRALL, SIMON A., q. v.
Ferrar, John. 1. Hist. of Limerick, Lim., 1787, 8vo.
2. Tour from Dublin to London in 1795, Dubl. 1796, 8vo.
3. View of Anc. and Mod. Dublin, 1796, 8vo.
Ferrar, Nicholas, 1592-1637, one of the most ex-
cellent of men, in great reputation for learning and piety,
a native of London, was educated at Clare Hall, Cam-
bridge. He acted for some time as secretary to the Vir-
ginia Company, and in 1624 was chosen member of Par-
liament. In the last-mentioned year he purchased the
lordship of Little Gidding, in the county of Huntingdon,
where, with his mother, sister, and other relations-he
never married-to the number of forty persons, be esta-
blished what has often been called The English Nunnery.
More properly speaking, the community of Little Gidding
worshipped God after the strict model of ancient devotion.
In the words of Bishop Horne,
"The pious Mr. Nicholas Ferrar exhibited in the last century
an instance of a Protestant family in which a constant course of
Psalmody was appointed, and so strictly kept up, that, through
the whole four and twenty hours of day and night, there was no
portion of time when some of the members were not employed in
the performing that most pleasant part of duty and devotion."-
Comment on CXXXIV. Psalm.
This excellent family did not only "show piety at home,"
but were the nurses, the counsellors, the bodily and spiri-
tual physicians, of the whole neighbourhood. Whether
the community of Little Gidding had too much piety or
not, it less becomes the reader to inquire, than whether
he himself have enough! If the banqueting hall of
Lucullus were more frequently converted into the oratory
of Little Gidding, it would be difficult to show that society
or the world would be the loser.
We would fain linger on this pleasing theme, but must
refer the reader to Memoirs of the Life of Mr. Nicholas
Ferrar, by the Rev. P. Peckard, D.D., Camb., 1790, Svo.;
abridged, Lon., 1852, fp. Svo; to Chalmers's Biog. Dict.,
and to Dibdin's Bibliomania. Nicholas Ferrar pub., with-
out his name, a trans. of the 110 Considerations brought
out of Italy by Vergerius, &c., Oxf., 1638.
Ferrar, Robert, Bishop of St. David's, 1548, burned,
1555, was an ancestor of the preceding. Bishop Burnet
says he was one of the committee nominated to compile
the English liturgy, but his name does not appear among
those who prepared the new liturgy in 1547. Probably
Burnet refers to the correction of the liturgy in 1540.
Ferrar's name appears as one of the signers to the confes-
sion of faith, May 8, 1554. See Foxe's Acts and Monu-
ments, Athen. Oxon.
Ferrarius, James Alex. Euclides Catholicus, Lon.,
1673, 4to; Oxon., 1680, Svo. In English, by J. D., Lon.,
1673, Svo. See Athen. Oxon.
Ferrebee, Michael. Serm., Lon., 1732, 4to.
Ferrerius, Johannes. See FERRIER, JOHN.
Ferrers, Edward, is mentioned by Wood as the
author (died 1564) of several Tragedies, Comedies, and
Interludes, but Wood quotes from Puttenham, who calls
George Ferrers, Edward Ferrers. It is therefore very
doubtful whether Edward Ferrers, who was of a War-
wickshire family, is entitled to be ranked among authors.
See Bliss's notes in his ed. of Athen. Oxon., i. 340, 445.
Ferrers, George, 1512?-1579, a lawyer, historian,
and poet, a native of a village near St. Alban's, Hertford-
village near St. Alban's, Hertford-
shire, after receiving his education at Oxford, removed to
Lincoln's Inn, where he rose to great distinction. He trans.
Magna Charta into Latin and English, and the Laws
enacted temp. Henry III. and Edw. I. into English, and
wrote six of the poetical chronicles in the Mirror for Magis-
tratos:-1. The Fall of Robert Tresilian. 2. The Tragedy
of Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester. 3. The
Tragedy of Richard II. 4. The Story of Dame Eleanor
Cobham. 5. The Story of Humphrey Plantagenet, Duke
of Gloucester. 6. The Tragedy of Edward, Duke of Somer-
set. We have already had occasion to notice this grand
old work, The Mirror for Magistrates. See BALDWIN, WIL-
LIAM; DORSET, THOMAS SACKVILLE, EARL OF; and autho-
rities cited under former name. Ferrers seems to have
been accomplished in the manners of the day, and sus-
tained the office of LORD OF MISRULE with great credit.
"George Ferrers. gentleman of Lincolns-inn, being lord of all the
disportes all the 12 days of Christmas, anno MDLIII., at Green-
wich: also so pleasantly and wisely behaved himself, that the
king had great delight in his pastymes."-Stowe's Chron., p. 632.
Being of better credit and estimation than commonlie his pre-
decessors had beene before, he received all his commissions and
warrants by the name of the Maister of thE KING'S PASTIMES.”-
<.
Holinshed's Chron.. iii., p. 1067; col. ii. 10. See Warton's Hist. of
Eng. Poetry; Biog. Brit.; Athen. Oxon.; Brydges's Phillips's Thea-
trum Poetarum.
Ferrers, Henry, 1579-1663, of the same family as
the preceding, educated at Oxford, made collections used
by Dugdale in his Antiquities of Norwichshire. Some of
his poetical pieces were pub., and he left some MS. compo.
sitions. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. He left behind
1
་
him the character, of
“A well-bred gent., a good neighbour, and an honest man.”.
Athen. Ozon.
Ferrers, Richard. The Worth of Woman; a Poem,
Lon., 1622, 8vo.
M
Ferrerz, George. See FERRERS.
Ferrey, Benjamin. Hist. of the Priory of Christ
Church, Hampshire, Lon., 1834, 4to, and imp. 4to.
magnificent edifice is supposed to be coeval with Rufus.
This
Ferriar, John, M.D., 1764–1815, a native of Chester,
physician to the Manchester Infirmary, possessed great
literary taste, and was an excellent critic. 1. The Prince
of Angola; a Trag., altered from the Play of Oronooko,
Lon., 1788, 8vo. 2. Medical Histories and Reflections,
1792-8, 3 vols. 8vo. New ed., 1810, 3 vols. 8vo. 3. Illus-
trations of Sterne, with other Essays, Manches., 1798, Svo;
Lon., 1812, 2 vols. 8vo. Sterne is proved to bave pillaged
largely from Burton, Hall, and the old French novelists.
Ferriar gives a Biographical and Critical account of the
Shandy Library."
66
"If we propose to look closely into the style of composition which
Sterne thought proper to adopt, we find a sure guide in the inge
nious Dr. Ferriar, who, with the most singular patience, has traced
our author through the hidden sources whence he borrowed most
of his striking and peculiar expressions."-SIR W. SCOTT.
4. Foxglove, Manches., 1799. 12mo. 5. Bibliomania;
in the 2d ed. of the Illustrations of Sterne, &c.
an Epistle to Richard Heber, Esq., Lön., 1809, Svo; and
i
"I will not. however, disguise to you that I read it with uniform
delight. and that I rose from the perusal with a keen appetite for
The small, rare volume, black with tarnished gold.""
Dibdin's Bibliomania, ed. 1811, p. 3.
Of Dr. Ferriar's bibliomania, and of the disease itself,
we have had something to say in our article, DIBDIN,
THOMAS FROGNALL, 9. v.
8. An Essay towards a Theory of Apparitions, 1813, 8vo.
Highly commended. 7. Case of Hydrophobia; in Med.
Facts, 1791.
Ferriby, John. Short Discourse rel. to Preachers,
Lon., 1653.
Ferrier, James, Prof. of Moral Philosophy and
Political Economy, St. Andrew's, son-in-law of the late
Professor John Wilson. 1. Institutes of Metaphysics, the
Theory of knowing and being, Edin. and Lon., 1854, p. 8vo.
"This is no ordinary book. If we mistake not, its publication
will mark an epoch in the history of speculation in this country.
The author is familiar with what has been done in this field by an-
cients and moderns; and his acuteness and independence of think-
ing are as conspicuous as his learning. The author himself knows
that his case so stands, and he does not affect to conceal from you
the fact of his knowing it. . . . We have said enough, we hope,
concerning Mr. Ferrier's book, to commend it effectually to such
of our readers as are wont to be interested in publications of this
nature.”—British Quar. Rev.
"Both among the details which command our assent, and in
examining the leading principle from which we have so widely
differed, we meet an independent devotion to speculations that
we love, as rare as it is refreshing in these degenerate days. When
we turn from these pages to the dull wilderness of commonplace
which spreads over most of the literature that now calls itself philo-
sophical, we remember the inclination of the philosophic Roman:-
ERRARE malo cum Platone, quam cum istis VERA sentire."”—North
Brit. Rev.
2. The Works of Prof. John Wilson, edited by Prof.
Ferrier, 12 vols. 12mo: i., ii., 1855; iii.-vi., 1856; vii.-x.,
1857; xi., xii., 1858.
Ferrier, John. Historia Monasterii, a Kenlos Ordi-
nis Cisterciensis in Scotia, &c., scripta anno 1537, Mart.
et Dur. Coll., vi. 319.
Ferrier, Miss Mary, d. 1855, was the daughter of
James Ferrier, of Edinburgh, one of Walter Scott's "breth-
ren of the clerk's table." She was the authoress of three
excellent novels, in three vols. each, viz. : 1. The Marriage,
1818.
|
2. The Inheritance, 1824. 3. Destiny; or, The
Chief's Daughter, 1831.
Chief's Daughter, 1831. All repub. in Bentley's Standard
Novels, vols. lxxxiii., lxxxiv., lxxxv. In the conclusion to
The Legend of Montrose, Scott pays the following high
compliment to Miss Ferrier:
"I retire from the field, conscious there remains behind not only
a large harvest, but labourers capable of gathering it in. More than
one writer has already displayed talents of this description; and if
the present author, himself a phantom, may be permitted to dis-
tinguish a brother, or perhaps a sister, shadow, he would mention
in particular the author of the very lively work entitled Marriage.'"
The reader will find several notices of Miss Ferrier in
•
589
FER
FIE
"
Lockhart's Life of Scott. She was a favourite guest at
Abbotsford, and her society tended to cheer the melan-
choly hours which clouded the last months of the life of
the great novelist. Sir Walter describes Miss Ferrier as
A gifted personage, having, besides her great talents. conver-
sation the least exigente of any author, female at least, whom he
had ever seen among the long list he had encountered: simple.
full of humour, and exceedingly ready at repartee: and all this
without the least affectation of the blue-stocking."
"Edgeworth, Ferrier, Austen, have all given portraits of real
society far superior to any thing man-vain man-has produced
of the like nature."
..
To a warm heart. a lively fancy, and great powers of discrimi-
nation. Miss Ferrier has added variety of knowledge, and a graphic
art of describing all she sees and all she feels, which give her a
distinguished place among the novelists of the day."-Allan Cun-
ningham's Biog, and Cr.l. Hist. of the Lit, of the Last Fifty Years,
Ferrier, Robert. Testimony of the King of Mar-
tyrs, Job xvii. 36, 37, by J. Glass, with Pref. by R. F..
Edin., 1747, Svo.
Ferrier, W. Two Discourses, Paisley, 1798, 1801.
Ferris, Benjamin. A History of the Original
Settlements on the Delaware from its Discovery by Hud-
son to the Colonization under William Penn, Wilmington,
Del., 1846, Svo.
Ferris, Benj. G., late Secretary of Utah Territory.
Utah and the Mormons, N. York, 1854, 12mo.
Ferris, James. 1. Strictures on the Eng. Constitu-
tion, Lon., 1806, Svo. 2. Union with Ireland.
Ferris, Richard. Adventures of himself and others
in a row in a wherry-boat, &c., Lon., 1590, 4to.
Ferris, Samuel, M.D. 1. Disputatio de Sanguinis,
&c., Edin., 1784, Svo. 2. Coll. of Physic, Lon., 1795, Svo.
3. Con. to Med. Facts, 1791.
Ferris, Sarah. Mental Perceptions, 1807, 12mo.
Ferry. Relation of Sir Thos. Roe's Voy. to E. India.
See Valli's Travels, p. 325, 1665.
Ferryman, R. 1. Brit. Quadrupeds and Birds in his
Museum, Brist., 1789, 8vo. 2. Brit. Quadrupeds and Birds
in the Brit. Zoöl. Mus., Lon., 1795, Svo.
Fessenden, Thomas, d. 1813, aged 74, minister of
Walpole, New Hampshire. 1. Science of Sanctity, 1804,
8vo. 2. The Boston self-styled Gentleman Reviewers Re-
viewed, 1806.
Fessenden, Thomas Green, 1771-1837, a native of
Walpole, New Hampshire, and a son of the above. 1. Ter-
rible Tractoration; a Poem, by Christopher Caustic, 1803,
8vo. Anon. This is a defence of the Metallic Tractors of
Perkins. 2. Orig. Poems, 1804, 12mo. 3. The Minute Philo-
sopher, 1806. This is an enlargement of No. 1. A third
ed. was pub. towards the close of his life. 4. Democracy
Unveiled, 1806, 12mo. 5. American Clerk's Companion,
1815. 6. Law of Patents for New Inventions, 2d ed.,
1822, 8vo. Severely criticized and condemned in N. Amer.
Rev., xvi. 199. Mr. F. wrote many Essays on Agriculture,
and was editor of the N. England Farmer, The Horticul-
tural Register, The Silk Manual, The Reporter, The In-
telligencer, and The Monitor. An interesting account of
him will be found in E. A. and G. L. Duyckincks' Cyc. of
Amer. Lit.
Festeau, Paul. Fr. and Eng. Grammar, Lon., 1675,
8vo.
| tical discourses, 1713–15, 3 vols. 8vo. Dr. Waterland ecm-
mends them in his Advice to a Student. 3. 52 Practical
Discourses, 1720, '28, fol. 4. Life of Cardinal Wolsey,
1724, '26, fol.; 1742, 4 vols. 8vo.
"Dr. Fiddes vilifies the Reformation, depreciates the instru
ments of it, and palliates the absurdities of the Romish Church.”
-DR. KNIGHT: Life of Erasmus.
There is but little vivacity in Fiddes's biography. Re-
specting the Life of Wolsey, see CAVENDISH, GEORGE.
5. Treatise of Morality, 1726, Svo. Fiddes also pub. an
answer to an attack upon his Life of Wolsey, and some
minor pieces.
Festing, Michael. Serms., Lon., 1757, '59.
Fetherstone, Rev. Christopher. Dialogue against
Dauncing, Lon.,1582, 8vo; trans., and other works, 1584-87.
Fettiplace, Thomas. 1. The Celestial Lampe, Lon.,
1637, 24mo. 2. The Sinner's Tears, 1688, 12mo.
Feuillerade, Peter, Rector of Bygrave. Serm.,
1777, 4to.
Fewterer, John. The Myrrour, or Glasse of Christe's
Passion, 1634, fol. Trans. into English at the desire of
Lord Hussey.
Feylde, Thomas. A lytel Treatyse called the Co-
trauerse bytwene a Louer and a Jaye, Lon., by W. de
Worde, 4to. This rare poem, in six lines stanzas, was sold
for £39 in the Roxburghe sale, 3274. 2. The Cōplaynte
of a Louer's Lyfe, Lon., by Wynkyn de Worde, 4to; Rox-
burghe, 3283, 58s. New ed., Lon., 1818, 4to. Presented
to the members of the Roxburghe Club by the Rev. T. F.
Dibdin, D.D. 30 copies, and one upon vellum. Sykes,
£7. Dent, £3 18.
Fidalgo, S. A Lecture of Moving Figures, Lon.,
1768, 8vo. A political pamphlet.
Fiddes, Richard, D.D., 1671-1725, a native of Hum-
manby, near Scarborough, was educated at Oxford, and
became Rector of Halsham about 1694. Having lost the
power of free utterance, he devoted himself to authorship.
). A Body of Divinity, Lon., 1718-20, 2 vols. fol. This
was well received, but now seems neglected. 2. 46 Prac-
Fiddler, Rev. Isaac. Observations on Professions,
Literature, Manners, and Emigration, in the United States
and Canada, made during a residence there in 1832, Lon.,
1833, 12mo, pp. 434.
"This is another precious specimen of the class of books with
which John Bull is now regularly humbugged three or four times
a year, under the name of observations on the state of society,
manners, and literature, in the United States.”- -ALEXANDER II.
EVERETT: N. Amer. Rev., xxxvii. 273. Read this witty article, by
an eminent hand."
6
Fidel, Theop. Interesting Dialogue between the
Parson and the Farmer, Lon., 1806, Svo.
Young Lawyer; being Prec. for Conveyancing, 1654, 4to;
Fidell, Thomas. A Perfect Guide for a studious
1658, Svo.
Fidge, Wm. Med. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1764.
Field, Baron. 1. Analysis of Blackstone's Comment.,
Lon., 1811, Svo; 3d ed., 1821, 8vo; N. York, 1822, 8vo.
2. Hints to Witnesses. Lon., 1815, Svo. 3. Geographical
Memoirs of N. South Wales, by various IIands, 1825, 8vo.
See an article on the Australian Colonies, with notices of
Wentworth's, Carr's, and Field's works, in the London
Quarterly Review, xxxii. 311.
Field, Chester. Scripture Illustrated by interesting
Facts, edited by Rev. John Todd, D.D., Lon., 1850, 18mo.
Field, Edwin W. Observ. of a Solicitor on the
Equity Courts, Lon., 1840, Svo.
(
A very able and well-written pamphlet."-4 Jurist. 113.
Field, Frederick. Serm., Camb., 1834, Svo.
Artists, Lon., 1802, 8vo.
Field, George, 1777-1854. 1. Brit. School of Modern
2. Chromatics, or Harmony
of Colours; new ed., 1845, 8vo. 3. Outlines of Analytical
Philosophy, 1839, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Tritogenia: a Synopsis
of Universal Hist.; 3d ed., 1846, 8vo. Other works.
Field, Henry. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799, 1805.
the Rebellion of 1798, N. York, 1851, 12mo.
Field, Rev. Henry M. The Irish Confederates, and
"A personal and political history, which has about it all the
charm of romance."-The Irish American.
Field, Rev. James, of Antigua. Account of two
cases of Wounds in the Stomach, Phil. Trans., 1752. Cured.
Field, John. Theolog. trans. and treatises, 1578-88.
Field, John. 1. Treatise on Prison Discipline, Lon.,
1846, Svo. New ed., 1848, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Life of John
Howard, Lon., 1850, Svo. 3. Corresp. of John Howard,
1855, fp. 8vo.
Field, John. Posthumous Extracts from the Veteri-
nary Records of the late John Field, edited by his brother,
Wm. Field, Veterinary Surgeon, Lon., 1843, Svo.
Field, Martin, d. 1833, aged 60, of Fayetteville, Ver-
mont, pub. treatises on mineralogy and natural history.
Field, Matthew. See Feilde,
Field, Matthew C., d. 1844, aged 32, whilst on a
voyage from New Orleans to Boston, for the benefit of his
health. He contributed many poetical and other articles
to the Southern journals, under the signature of Phazwa,
Field, Nathaniel, a dramatic author, temp. James I.
and Charles I., is supposed to be the same Field who acted
upon the stage. 1. A Woman's a Weathercock; a Com.,
Lon., 1612, 4to. 2. Amends for Ladies; a Com., 1639, 4to.
3. In conjunction with Massinger, The Fatal Dowry; a
Trag., 1632, 4to.
“A very good play.”—Biog. Dramat.
Field, Nathaniel, Rector of Stourton, Wilts, a son
of Richard Field, D.D., author of the work entitled, Of the
Church, pub. Memorials concerning the Life of Dr. Richard
Field, with a Pref. by John Le Neve, Lon., 1716.
Field, Richard, D.D., 1561-1616, a native of Hamp-
sted, Hertfordshire, educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxf.; Di-
vinity Reader to Lincoln's Inn, 1594; Rector of Burghclere,
Hampshire, and Preb. of Windsor; Dean of Gloucester,
1610. He was in great reputation for learning, piety, and
public usefulness. His great work, entitled, Of the Church,
was first pub. in 1606, four books, 1 vol. fol.; 5th book,
with an Appendix, 1610, fol.; new ed. of the whole, Oxf.,
1628, 1 vol. fol.; again, with an Appendix and Detence,
1635, fol. New ed., Camb., 1847-52, 4 vols. Svo, 128.
590
FIE
FIE
•
øgain. 1853, 4 vols. 8vo. See Tracts of the Angl. Fathers,
iii. 73.
When Dr. Kettle endeavoured to persuade Dr. Field not
to write this work, telling him that it would embroil him
in controversy, he answered:
"I will so write that they shall have no great mind to answer
me."
King James I. delighted to converse with Field on mat-
ters of divinity; and when he first preached before him,
he said:
"Is his name Field? This is the Field for God to dwell in!"
When he heard of his death, he exclaimed:
"I should have done more for that man."
"He was in his time esteemed a principal maintainer of Protes
tancy, a powerful preacher, a profound schoolman, exact dispu-
tant, and so admirable well knowing in the controversies between
the Protestants and Papists, that few or none went beyond him
He had a great memory, and any book which he read
he was able to carry away the substance of it in his memory, and
to give an account of all the material passages therein."-Athen.
Oxon.
"That learned divine, whose memory smelleth like a FIELD which
the Lord hath blessed."-FULLER.
"This one volume. thoroughly understood and appropriated,
will place you in the highest rank of doctrinal Church-of-England
divines. and in no mean rank as a true doctrinal Church historian,"
-SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE: Letter to his son, the Rev. Derwent
Coleridge.
"Field on the Church has been much praised by Coleridge. It
is. as it seemed to me. a more temperate work in ecclesiastical
theory than some have represented it to be, and written almost
wholly against Rome."-Hullam's Introduc. to Lit. Hist.
Dr. Field pub. a serm., 1604, 4to, and had in course of
preparation a work entitled, A View of the Controversies
in Religion, &c. The Pref. to this unfinished work will
be found in his son's Life of him. See FIELD, NATHANIEL,
and see Athen. Oxon., Bliss's ed., ii. 81.
Field, Richard Stockton, b. 1803, at Whitehill, N.
Jersey. 1. The Provincial Courts of New Jersey, &c., N.Y.,
1849, 8vo. 2. Address before the Surviving Members of
the Convention to form a Constitution for N. Jersey in
1844, 8vo, 1853. 3. Address on the Power of Habit, 1855.
4. Contributions to Collections N. Jersey Hist. Soc., &c.
Field, Theop., Bishop of St. David's. Serm., Lon.,
Serm., Lon.,
1624, 8vo.
Field, Rev. W. Use of the Globes, 1811, 12mo.
Field, Rev. W. Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and
Opinions, of the Rev. Samuel Parr, LL.D., Lon., 1828, 2
vols. 8vo. This interesting work contains anecdotes of
many of the literary characters of the early part of the 19th
century.
Field, Wm. 1. Letter rel. to Dissenters, 1791, Svo.
2. Second do., 1791, Svo. 3. Pract. Ct. K. Bench in Per-
sonal Actions, 3 pts., 1798.
He returned to London, determined to put into profit-
able exercise that knowledge of the law which he had ae-
quired in happier days. There is every reason-excepting
an apprehension of the return of convivial habits-to sup-
pose that he would have succeeded in the arduous vocation
which he had embraced with great zeal, had it not been for
violent and repeated attacks of the gout, which forbade his
attendance on the circuits. He therefore again sought and
obtained literary employment, and we soon find him as
sistant editor of The Champion, a periodical paper, and
author of the essays On Conversation, On the Knowledge
of the Characters of Men, and the Journey from this World
to the Next. At this time also he produced some poetical
compositions, which do not seem to have possessed any un-
common merit. We should not omit to mention, as a proof
of his diligence whilst yet engaged in legal pursuits, that
he prepared a voluminous Digest of the Statutes at Large,
in two folio volumes, which remained unpublished in the
hands of his brother, Sir John Fielding, his successor in
the post of Middlesex magistrate. He now gave to the
world a curious satire, entitled The History of Jonathan
Wild the Great, which has received the rather dubious
compliment of being
6.
Perhaps the most ingeniously-arranged description of a tissue
of blackguardisms which has ever been given to the world."
In 1742 appeared the novel of Joseph Andrews; in 1749
he pub. Tom Jones; and two years later gratified his large
circle of admirers by the novel of Amelia, which he sold
for £1000.
In Amelia, the author drew a picture of his wife, to whom
he was sincerely attached, and whose death he was called
upon to mourn whilst struggling amidst pecuniary embar-
rassments. The mourner, however, did not absolutely re-
fuse consolation.
..
His biographers seem to have been shy of disclosing that, after
the death of this charming woman, he married her maid. And
yet the act was not so discreditable to his character as it may sound.
The maid had few personal charms. but was an excellent creature,
devotedly attached to her mistress, and almost broken-hearted for
her loss. In the first agonies of his own grief. which approached
to frenzy, he found no relief but from weeping along with her;
nor solace, when a degree calmer, but in talking of the angel they
mutually regretted. This made her his habitual confidential asso-
ciate, and in process of time he began to think he could not give
his children a tenderer mother, or secure for himself a more faith-
ful housekeeper and nurse. At least this was what be told bis
friends: and it is certain that her conduct as his wife confirmed it,
and fully justified his good opinion.”—Letters and Works of Lady
Mary Wortley Montagu. Edited by Lord Wharnclife. Întroduc.
Anecdotes.
Field, Wm.
Patriot, and in 1748 conducted a periodical of the same
In 1745 Fielding supported the government in The True
character, entitled The Jacobite's Journal. When 43 years
of age, he received the appointment of a Justice of the
Peace for the county of Middlesex, and retained this post
until within a short time of his death. He seems, from his
knowledge both of law and criminal character, to have
been admirably adapted to this troublesome office, and
evinced a laudable zeal for the public interest by publish-
ing An Inquiry into the causes of the late increase of Rob-
bers, 1751, and a Proposal for making an Effectual Pro-
vision for the Poor, for amending their Morals, and for
rendering them useful Members of Society, 1753.
R
See FIELD, JOHN.
Fielder, John. Petition to Parl., 1651, 4to.
Fielder, Richard. Petition of the Waggoners, fol.
Fielding, Charles George, son of the Earl of
Derby. The Brothers; an Eclogue, Lon., 1781, Svo.
Fielding, George. Surgical Cases, Lon., 1813, Svo.
Fielding, Henry, 1707-1754, a son of Lieutenant-
General Fielding, and great-grandson of William, third Earl
of Denbigh, was born at Sharpham Park, Somersetshire, on
the 22d of April. After prosecuting his classical studies at
Eton, he went to the University of Leyden, where, for two
years, he devoted himself to the investigation of civil law.
The straitened circumstances of General Fielding placed
Henry in a mortifying position among his fellow-students,
and before the termination of his 21st year he returned to
London, and became a writer for the stage. His Comedy of
Love in several Masques appeared in the same year-1727
-in which he returned to England, and notwithstanding
the little encouragement which the author received, he
The last service he rendered to the public in his official
produced a long list of plays, of which even the names are
capacity was the extirpation-by the approbation of go-
now unknown to the majority of readers. In 1734 Field-vernment, who placed a fund of £600 at his disposal for
ing fell deeply in love with a celebrated beauty, Miss
the purpose of several gangs of thieves and highwaymen
Charlotte Cradock, possessed of many accomplishments, who grievously afflicted the good citizens of London. Al-
and £1500. An immediate union was the result of this though now in a wretched state of health, he contrived for
acquaintance, and the groom at this time coming into pos-
a twelvemonth to edit with great ability a new semi-weekly
session of about £200 per annum by the death of his periodical, entitled The Covent-Garden Journal, which be-
mother, the young couple retired to their estate in the came a great favourite with the public. In 1754 he sailed
country.
for Lisbon for the benefit of his health, and died October
is Journal of his Voyage was pub. in 1755, 12mo.
two months after his arrival, in the 48th year of his age.
His Journal of his Voyage was pub. in 1755, 12mo. We
have already stated that Fielding never enjoyed much
popularity as a writer for the etage.
"These tracts, having been written by the most eminent of Eng-
lish novelists, have attracted fully as much attention as they were
entitled to on account of their intrinsic merits. The first, how-
ever, is written with great force, and contains various statements
and reasonings that throw a great deal of light on the causes of
crime and pauperism, and on the state of the London poor at the
time. But, like most other writers on the same subject, Fielding
has ascribed far too much to legislative and police arrangements,
and too little to the care and discretion of individuals."-McCul
loch's Lit. of Pulit. Econ.
16
Here they might have lived in comfort and respectability;
but these substantial blessings by no means satisfied the
ambition of a gay cavalier, who aspired to a splendid esta-
blishment and a crowd of boon companions. A host of
servants, horses, hounds, and an open table to all the rakes
who chose to live upon his bounty, reduced Fielding to
poverty; in three years his coffers were exhausted, his
constitution shattered, and his summer friends on the
wing to more promising pastures.
decidedly dramatic, it was something that he escaped disapproba
While it must be acknowledged that Fielding's genius was not
tion, though he was at times received with indifference.”—Roscoe's
Life of Fielding.
The dates of his dramatic works we take from the Biog.
Dramat.: 1. Love in several Masks; a Com., 1728. 2. The
591
FIE
FIE
j
Temple Benu; a Com., 1730. 3. The Author's Farce, 1730.
4. The Coffee-House Politician; a Com., 1730. 5. The Tra-
gedy of Tragedies, 1731. 6. The Letter Writers; a Farce,
1731. S.
7. The Grub Street Opera, 1731. 8. The Lottery,
a Farce, 1731. 9. The Modern Husband; a Com., 1732.
10. The Mock Doctor; a Com. from Molière, 1732. 11. The
Covent-Garden Tragedy; a Farce, 1732. 12. The Debau-
chees; a Com., 1733. 13. The Miser; a Com. from Plautus
13. The Miser; a Com. from Plautus
and Molière, 1733. 14. The Intriguing Chambermaid; a
Com., 1734. 15. Don Quixote in England; a Com., 1733.
16. An Old Man taught Wisdom; a Farce, 1734. 17. The
Universal Gallant; a Com., 1735. 18. Pasquin; Dram.
Dram.
Satire, 1736. 19. The Historical Register for the Year
1736; a Com., [1737.] 20. Eurydice: a Farce, 1735.
21. Eurydice Hissed; a Farce, 1737. 22. Tumble-Down
Dick; Dram. Entert., 1737. 23. Miss Lucy in Town; a
Farce, 1742. 24. The Wedding Day; a Com., 1743.
25. The Fathers; or the Good-Natured Man; a Com.,
1778, Svo.
"Ilis dramatic pieces, every one of which is comic, are far from
being contemptible. His farces and ballad pieces, more especially,
have a sprightliness of manner, and a forcibleness of character,
by which it is impossible to avoid being agreeably entertained;
and in those among others which he has in any degree borrowed
from Molière, or any other writer, he has done his original great
honour and justice, by the manner in which he has handled the
* subject.”—Biog. Dramat.
In addition to the works already noticed, Fielding pub.
several minor pieces upon topics of a temporary character.
Of his works there have been many edits. 1. Works, with
the Life of the Author, 1762, 4 vols. 4to. 2. 1762, S vols.
2. 1762, 8 vols.
8vo. 3. 1766, 12 vols. 4. 1767, 4 vols. 4to. 5. 1771, 8
vols. Svo. 6. 1775, 12 vols. 12mo. 7. 1783, 12 vols. 12mo.
8. With an Essay on his Life and Genius, by Arthur Mur-
phy, 1784, 10 vols. 8vo. 9. 1806, 10 vols. Svo. 10. 1808,
14 vols. 12mo. 11. Select Works, 1818, 5 vols. 8vo.
12. Works, edited by Alex. Chalmers, Lon., 1821, 10 vols.
8vo. 13. With Life and Notice of his Works, by Thomas
Roscoe, 1840, imp. Svo. 14. 1843, med. Svo. 15. 1848,
med. 8vo. 16. 1851, imp. Svo, and in 2 vols. Svo.
We now proceed to adduce the opinions of a host of
eminent authorities respecting those works-his three no-
vels-by which Fielding achieved so general and so durable
a reputation. As a great artist, indeed, exquisitely happy
in catching and transferring to his canvas those features
of human nature which must always interest, because im-
mediately recognised as genuine by men of all ages and
minds of all grades, Fielding has never been surpassed.
How deeply then is it to be lamented, that, lacking a high
sense of moral responsibility, he delighted chiefly in paint-
ing the least refined, least elevated characteristics of his
species, and permitted himself to stimulate the passions to
the excesses of vice, instead of causing those "passions to
move at the command of virtue"! There are never want-
ing apologists, indeed, for greater transgressors than Henry
Fielding; and Coleridge, whose language we shall presently
quote, would have considered the above an uncharitable
verdict. But it is not to be questioned that there are many
passages in Joseph Andrews, Amelia, and Tom Jones,
which a licentious taste would gladly extend for the same
reasons that would induce a moral censorship to have them
totally expunged. But we must not delay our promised
citation of opinions.
Those who are inclined to think us too rigid in this
ment, should remember Fielding's own self-condemnatory
verdict upon his early dramatic writings:
"At length, repenting frolic flights of youth,
Once more he flies to Nature and to Truth:
In virtue's just defence aspires to fame,
Nor courts applause with the applauder's shame.”
Prologue to The Modern Husband.
Alas, that his repentance should have been as "the
morning cloud and the early dew"!
1. The Adventures of Joseph Andrews, published in 1742.
This work, Dr. Warton informs us, was "valued by Field-
ing above all his writings." The Doctor adds, "as he
justly may."- Wooll's Life of Warton. But we imagine
that few will coincide with this judgment. Fielding him-
self tells us that it was intended for an imitation of the
style and manner of Cervantes.
"How delightfully he has copied the humour. the gravity, and
the fine ridicule of his master, they can witness who are acquainted
with both writers."-ARTHUR MURPHY.
Both Chalmers and Warton dissent from this opinion,
and consider “Fielding's ridicule of a very different species
from that of the Spanish novelist." But Dr. Aikin also
refers to "the grave Cervantic style, adopted in the novel
of Joseph Andrews." However this may be, there is no
doubt at all that Fielding intended to ridicule the "senti-
mentalism," as it is generally denominated, of the great
novelist of the day-Samuel Richardson.
"While, however, it is highly probable that he had Cervantes in
his eye, it is certain that the satiric and burlesque portion of Joseph
Andrews was suggested to him by the perusal of Richardson's
Pamela, on the overwrought refinement and strained sentiment
of which it affords a humorous commentary in the adventures of
her professed brother, the hero. Besides its intrinsic wit and ex-
lesque spirit it maintains throughout, in the same way as the ad-
cellence. it has thus a twofold attraction in the comic and bur-
ventures of the Spanish knight and his squire, however ludicrous
in themselves, are relished with a double zest from the contrast
they offer to the dignified bearing and marvellous deeds of the old
Paladins. How exquisitely Fielding has caught the humour, as-
sumed gravity, and delicate satire of his prototype, they who have
compared the two master-pieces will readily admit; and that he
loses nothing in point of originality."-THOMAS ROSCOE: Life and
Works of Henry Fielding.
The elder novelist was greatly offended at what he very
naturally considered an unwarrantable liberty.
Richardson was exceedingly hurt at this; the more so as they
had been on good terms, and he was very intimate with Fielding's
two sisters. He never appears cordially to have forgiven it, (per-
in his letters with a great deal of asperity of Tom Jones,' more
haps it was not in human nature he should,) and he always speaks
indeed than was quite graceful in a rival author. No doubt he
himself thought his indignation was sorely excited by the loose
morality of the work and of its author. but he could tolerate Cib-
ber."-MRS. BARBAULD: Memoir of Fielding, prefixed to his Corre-
spondence.
་་
Mr. Thackeray appends the above to an apology for what
we must consider indefensible.
"Fielding, no doubt, began to write this novel in ridicule of
Pamela, for which work one can understand the hearty contempt
and antipathy which such an athletic and boisterous genius as
Fielding's must have entertained. He could not do otherwise than
laugh at the puny cockney bookseller, pouring out endless volumes
of sentimental twaddle, and hold him up to scorn as a moll-coddlə
and a milksop. His genius had been nursed on sack-posset, and
not on dishes of tea. His muse had sung the loudest in tavern
choruses: had seen the daylight streaming in over thousands of
emptied bowls, and reeled home to chambers on the shoulders of
the watchmen. Richardson's goddess was attended by old maids
and dowagers, and fed on muffins and bobea. "Milksop!' roars
Harry Fielding, clattering at the timid shop-shutters. Wretch!
Monster! Mohock!' shrieks the sentimental author of Pamela, and
all the ladies of his court cackle out an affrighted chorus.”—Eng-
lish Humourists of the 18th Century.
ers.
The faithful subjects of the great master were not
proof against the fascinations of good Parson Adams and
the unfortunate Leonora; and those who had been charmed
with the character of Pamela, were equally delighted with
the unsophisticated virtue of her worthy brother, the ex-
judg-cellent Joseph Andrews. We may be allowed to surmise
that many of Richardson's adherents, whilst indignant at
the ridicule cast upon their leader, yet could not but se-
cretly propound to themselves the question which Sir Wal-
ter Scott openly proposes:
"How can we wish that undone without which Parson Adams
would not have existed?"
·
Neither the wit nor the morality of these lines are very
faults of an otherwise good writer: a constant disposition
discernible to us. They exhibit two of the prominent
to caricature, and an ever-present willingness to apologize
for men of loose manners and dissipated habits. We have
often listened with pleasure-indeed, with edification-to
Works of the departed great, but we soon found that the
Mr. Thackeray's moral reflections upon the Lives and
summing up of the learned judge leaned not always “to
virtue's side;" and if the literary offender happened to be
a
three-bottle man, we entertained no apprehensions for
his safety, and felt quite confident that a gentle rebuke,
hardly calculated to depopulate the tables of Lucullus,
would be the extent of his punishment.
Even the displeasure of Richardson did not prevent
Joseph Andrews from immediately finding a host of read-
The book became a general favourite with all classes of
readers, and equally engrossed the literary half-hour of
the studious mechanic and the interval between the Latin
and Greek of the erudite gownsman. The tea-party of the
tradesman sympathized with the perils of the lovely Fanny,
and West writes to the classic Gray:
“I rejoice you found amusement in Joseph Andrews.”
2. History of Tom Jones, a Foundling; published 1749.
The foundation of this work was laid by Fielding while in
the midst of the excitement of political partnership, and it
was concluded in such intervals as he could snatch from
the annoyances inseparable from the commencement of a
career of magisterial duty. Yet under such heavy discou-
ragements did Fielding construct one of the most elaborate
of plots, developed by an astonishing variety of characters:
"No author has introduced a greater diversity of character, or
displayed them more fully, or in more various attitudes. All-
worthy is the most amiable picture in the world of a man who
does honour to his species. In his own heart he finds constant
propensities to the most generous and benevolent of actions, and
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Dis anderstanding conducts him with discretion in the perform-
ance of whatever his goodness suggests to him. And though it is
apparent that the author laboured at this portrait con amore, and
meant to offer it to mankind as a just object of imitation, he has
soberly restrained himself within the bounds of probability: nay,
it may be said of strict truth; as, in the general opinion, he is sup-
posed to have copied here the features of a worthy character still
in being."-ARTHUR MURPHY.
The "worthy character" here alluded to was Ralph Allen,
of Prior Park, the "Man of Bath," the friend of Pope and
Warburton, celebrated in the well-known lines of the
former:
"Let hunible Allen, with an awkward shame,
Do good by stealth, and blush to find it fame."
"Although in this, as well as in other writings of the author,
the scenes are chiefly drawn from low life, and display too much
of the vices and crimes of mankind, yet they are relieved by con-
siderable admixture of nobler matter. and contain many affecting
pictures of moral excellence. Indeed, it cannot be doubted the
writer's intentions were to favour the cause of virtue; and pro-
bably the majority of readers, judging from their feelings in the
perusal, will pronounce that he has effected his purpose. A rigid
moralist will object to bim the common fault of many writers of
fiction, that of sheltering gross deviations from rectitude of con-
duct under that vague goodness of heart which is so little to be
relied on as the guide of life; yet he has not been inattentive to
poetical justice in making misfortune the constant concomitant
of vice, though perhaps he has not nicely adjusted the degree of
punishment to the crime."-DR. AIKIN.
Dr. Beattie can hardly find terms sufficiently expressive
to convey to the world his admiration of the management
of the plot of Tom Jones:
"Since the days of Homer the world has not seen a more artful
epic fable. The characters and adventures are wonderfully diversi-
fied; yet the circumstances are all so natural, and rise so easily
from one another, and co-operate with so much regularity in bring-
ing on, even while they seem to retard, the catastrophe, that the
curiosity of the reader is always kept awake, and, instead of flag-
ging, grows more and more impatient as the story advances, till
at last it becomes downright anxiety. And when we get to the
end, and look back on the whole contrivance, we are amazed to
find that of so many incidents there should be so few superfluous;
that in such a variety of fiction there should be so great a proba-
bility and that so complex a tale should be so perspicuously con-
ducted, and with perfect unity of design.”
With reference to Dr. Beattie's introduction of the name
of Homer, we may remark that Lord Byron styles Fielding
the "Prose Homer of human nature."
"In Tom Jones. his greatest work. the artful conduct of the
fable, and the subserviency of all the incidents to the winding up
of the whole, deserve much praise.”—Dr. Blair's Lectures on Rhe-
toric and Belles-Lettres.
|
Manners change from generation to generation, and with man-
ners morals appear to change-actually change with some-but
appear to change with all but the abandoned. A young man of
the present day who should act as Tom Jones is supposed to act
at Upton with Lady Bellaston, &c., would not be a Tom Jones;
and a Tom Jones of the present day, without, perhaps, being in
the ground a better man, would have perished rather than sub-
mit to be kept by a harridan of fortune. Therefore this novel is.
and indeed pretends to be, no example of conduct. But, notwith-
standing all this, I do loathe the cant which can recommend · Pa-
mela' and 'Clarissa Harlowe as strictly moral, although they pei-
son the imagination of the young with continual doses of tinct.
lyltæ, while Tom Jones is prohibited as loose. I do not speak of
young women; but a young man whose beart or feelings can be
injured, or even his passions excited, by this novel. is already tho-
roughly corrupt. There is a cheerful, sunshiny, breezy spirit that
prevails everywhere, strongly contrasted with the close, day-
dreamy continuity of Richardson.”—S. T. COLERIDGE: Literary
Remains.
"Our popular novels are even translated into Spanish. 'Tom
Jones,' indeed, has long been a favourite in Spain. It may he re-
It may be re-
marked, thus the most intensely natural works acquire the high-
est reputation."-HARTLEY COLERIDGE.
"As a picture of manners, the novel of Tom Jones' is indeed
exquisite; as a work of construction, quite a wonder: the by-play
of wisdom: the power of observation. the multiplied felicitous
turns and thoughts, the varied character of the great Comie Epic,
keep the reader in a perpetual admiration and curiosity. But
against Mr. Thomas Jones himself we have a right to put in a
protest, and quarrel with the esteem the author evidently has for
that character. Charles Lamb says finely of Jones, that a single
hearty laugh from him 'clears the air-but that it is in a certain
state of the atmosphere."-Thackeray's Humorists of the 18th Cen-
tury, q. v.
"His Tom Jones is quite unrivalled in plot. and is to be rivalled
only in his own works for felicitous delineation of character."-
Tulfourd's Miscel. Writings.
"In Tom Jones. Fielding has comprehended a larger variety of
incidents and characters under a stricter unity of story than in
Joseph Andrews; but he has given to the whole a tone of worldli
ness which does not mar the delightful simplicity of the latter.
As an expression of the power and breadth of his mind, however,
it is altogether his greatest work; and, in the union of distinct
pictorial representation with profound knowledge of practical
life, is unequalled by any novel in the language."-EDWIN P.
WHIPPLE: Essays and Reviews.
Dr. Johnson, in a conversation to be quoted hereafter,
declared:
"Sir, there is more knowledge of the heart in one letter of Rich-
ardson's than in all Tom Jones."
But Fielding's admirers do not conceive this to have
been an impartial judgment. We may properly conclude
our citation of opinions of this remarkable work by the
eloquent tribute of a writer as highly distinguished in the
field of historic investigation as the author of Tom Jones
was in the walks of fiction:
"The nobility of the Spensers has been illustrated and enriched
by the trophies of Marlborough, but I exhort them to consider the
Faery Queen as the most precious jewel of their coronet. Our im-
mortal Fielding was of the younger branch of the Earls of Den-
bigh, who drew their origin from the Counts of Hapsburg, the
lineal descendants of Eltrico, in the seventh century, Dukes of
Alsace. Far different have been the fortunes of the English and
German divisions of the family of Hapsburg. The former, the
knights and sheriffs of Leicestershire, have slowly risen to the
dignity of a peerage; the latter, the Emperors of Germany and
Kings of Spain, have threatened the liberty of the Old and in-
vaded the treasures of the New World The successors of Charles
V. may disdain their brethren of England; but the romance of
'Tom Jones,' that exquisite picture of human manners, will out-
live the palace of the Escurial and the imperial eagle of Austria'
GIBBON.
31
3. Amelia; published in 1751.
"In point of general excellence Amelia' has commonly been
considered, no less by critics, perhaps, than by the public, as deci-
dedly inferior to Tom Jones. In variety and invention it assu-
redly is so. Its chief merit depends less on its artful and elabo-
rate construction than on the interesting series it presents of
domestic paintings, drawn, as we have remarked, from his own
family history. It has more pathos, more moral lessons, with far
less vigour and humour. than either of its predecessors. But we
agree with Chalmers, that those who have seen much of the errors
and distresses of domestic life will probably feel that the author's
colouring in this work is more just, as well as more chaste, than
in any of his other novels. The appeals to the heart are far more
forcible."-THOMAS ROSCOE: Life and Works of Henry Fielding.
C
With reference to Fielding's having drawn from his do-
mestic history, in the pages of Amelia, his celebrated kins-
woman, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, thus discourses in
a letter written shortly before the death of the novelist:
"H. Fielding has given a true picture of himself and his first
wife in the characters of Mr. and Mrs. Booth, some compliments to
his own figure excepted: and I am persuaded several of the inci-
dents he mentions are real matters of fact. I wonder he does not
perceive that Tom Jones and Mr. Booth are sorry scoundrels.”-
Letters and Works, edited by Lord Wharncliffe.
Lady Mary's remark relative to his figure may appro-
priately introduce a brief description of his outward man:
"With regard to his personal appearance, Fielding was strongly
built, robust. and in height rather exceeding six feet.
He was
also remarkably active, till repeated attacks of the gout had broken
down the vigour of a fine constitution. Naturally of a dignified
presence. he was equally impressive in his tone and manner.
which, added to his peculiarly marked features, his conversational
powers, and rare wit, must have given him a decided influence in
general society, and not a little ascendency over the minds of com-
mon men."-THOMAS ROSCOE: Life and Works of Henry Fielding.
To return to" Amelia:"Richardson flattered himself that
this last publication would prove the death-knell of his
rival's fame; and he remarks, in a letter to his own enthu-
siastic admirer, Mrs. Donellan:
C
Captain Booth, madam, has done his business. Mr. Fielding
has over-written himself, or rather under-written, and, in his own
journal, seems ashamed of his last piece. and has promised that
the same muse shall write no more for him. His piece. in short,
is as dead as if it had been published forty years ago, as to sale.
You guess I have not read ‘Amelia? Indeed I have read but the
first volume.”
Yet Amelia met with immediate and great success:
"Fielding's Amelia was perhaps the only book of which, being
printed off betimes one morning, a new edition was called for
¦ before night.”—DR. JOHNSON.
We know that the stern moralist himself read the book
through without stopping, and
K
character of the heroine of this novel, and said Fielding's Amelia
"Johnson appears to have been particularly pleased with the
was the most pleasing heroine of all the romances.”—MALONE.
"I admire the author of Amelia,' and thank the kind master
who introduced me to that sweet and delightful companion and
friend. Amelia, perhaps, is not a better story than Tom Jones,'
but it has the better ethics: the prodigal repents, at least, before
forgiveness; whereas, that odious, broad-backed Mr. Jones carries
off his beauty with scarce an interval of remorse for his manifold
errors and short-comings, and is not half punished enough before
the great prize of fortune and love falls to his share. I am angry
with Jones. Too much of the plum-cake and rewards of life fall
to that boisterous, swaggering young scapegrace. Sophia actually
surrenders without a proper sense of decorum-the fond, foolish,
palpitating little creature! Indeed, Mr. Jones,' she says. it rests
with you to appoint the day. I suppose Sophia is drawn from the
life, as well as Amelia; and many a young fellow, no better than
Mr. Thomas Jones, has carried, by a coup de main, the heart of
many a kind girl who was a great deal too good for him.”—Thacke-
ray's English Humorists of the 18th Century.
Of all his novels, it leaves the finest impression of quiet, do-
mestic delight, of the sweet home feeling, and the humanities con-
nected with it. We have not the glad spring or the glowing sum-
mer of his genius, but its autumnal mellowness and mitigated
sunshine, with something of the thoughtfulness befitting the sea-
son.”—Edwin P. WHIPPLE: Essays and Reviews.
We conclude our article, which we know not well how
▸
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to shorten, ty quoting the opinions of a number of distin-
guished writers upon the literary characteristics of the
great English novelist:
"We have another writer of those imaginary histories, one who
has not long since descended to these regions. His name is Field-
ing, and his works, as I have heard the best judges say, have a
true spirit of comedy, and an exact representation of nature, with
fiue moral touches. He has not, indeed, given lessons of pure
and consummate virtue, but has exposed vice and meanness
with all the powers of ridicule."-LORD LYTTELTON: Dialogues of
the Dead.
Lord Lyttelton, after mentioning some particulars of
Pope, Swift, and other literary characters of that day, when
Fielding's name was pronounced, remarked:
Henry Fielding had more wit and humour than all the per-
sons we have been speaking of put together."
A
Fielding's early attempts at dramatic authorship were
greatly ridiculed by the wits then in the ascendant; and
Swift compares the young author, not in the most compli-
mentary manner in the world, with Wellsted-no "bright
particular star:"
"For instance, when you rashly think
No rhymer can with Wellsted sink,
His merits balanc'd, you shall find
That Fielding leaves him far behind."
which Dr. Warton remarks:
1
pon
"Little did Swift imagine that this very Fielding would here-
Anter equal him in works of humour. and excel him in drawing
And supporting characters, and in the artful conduct and plan of
a comic epopee.
Few critics have been so sparing of their compliments
to contemporary writers as the great authority to be next
quoted:
"
"Monsieur de Marivaux, in France, and Henry Fielding, in
England, stand the foremost among those who have given a faith-
ful and chaste copy of life and manners, and, by enriching their
romance with the best part of the comic art, may be said to have
brought it to perfection."-BISHOP WARBURTON.
"The genius of Cervantes was transfused into the novels of
Fielding, who painted the characters and ridiculed the follies of
life with equal strength, humour, and propriety."-SMOLLEtt.
Sir Walter Scott, whom we shall again have occasion to
quote, thus combines the names of Fielding and Smollett:
"Smollett and Fielding were so eminently successful as novel-
ists, that no other English author of that class has a right to be
mentioned in the same breath. We readily grant to Smollett an
equal rank with his great rival, Fielding--while we place both far
above any of their successors in the same line of fictitious compo-
sition. Perhaps no books ever written excited such peals of in-
extinguishable laughter as those of Smollett."
"I go to Sterne for the feelings of nature: Fielding for its vices;
Johnson for a knowledge of the workings ofits powers; and Sbaks-
peare for every thing."-ABERNETHY.
6.
The cultivated genius of Fielding entitles him to a high rank
among the classics. His works exhibit a series of pictures drawn
with all the descriptive fidelity of a Hogarth. They are highly
entertaining, and will always be read with pleasure."-Dr. Vicesi-
mus Knox's Essays.
think the Edipus Tyrannus, the Alchemist, and Tom Jones, the
three most perfect plots ever planned; and how charming, how
wholesome Fielding always is! to take him up after Richardson is
like emerging from a sick-room, heated by stoves, into au open lawn
on a breezy day in May.”—S. T. COLERIDGE.
Hartley Coleridge, when speaking of Massinger's habit of
getting into a passion with his bad characters," remarks:
It is a fault which nowhere occurs in Homer, Cervantes, Shak-
speare, the great and true dramatists, and very seldom in Fielding
and Sir Walter Scott."
But it is time that we had quoted the tribute of Sir Walter
to the illustrious predecessor with whom he has just been
named:
" Fielding has really a fund of true humour, and was to be pitied
at his first entrance into the world, having no choice. as he said
himself, but to be a backney-writer, or a hackney-coachman. His
genius deserved a better fate; but I cannot help blaming that con-
tinued indiscretion, to give it the softest name, that has run through
his life. and I am afraid still remains. Since I was born, no
•
original has appeared excepting Congreve and Fielding, who would,
I believe, have approached nearer to his excellencies, if not forced
by his necessities to publish without correction, and throw many
productions into the world he would have thrown to the fire, if
meat could have been got without money, or money without scrib-
bling.... There was a great similitude between his [Fielding's]
character and that of Sir Richard Steele. He had the advantage
both in learning and, in my opinion, in genius; they both agreed
in wanting money, in spite of all their friends, and would have
wanted it if their hereditary lands had been as extensive as their
imagination; yet each of them was so formed for happiness, it is
pity he was not immortal. . . . Ilis [Fielding's] happy constitution
(even when he had with great pains half demolished it) made him
forget every evil when he was before a venison pasty or over a
flask of champagne; and I am persuaded he knew more happy
moments than any prince upon earth. His natural spirits gave
him rapture with a cookinaid, and cheerfulness when he was starv-
ing in a garret."-LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU.
46
**
"Fielding is the first of the British Novelists. His name is in-
mortal as a painter of natural manners. Of all the works of ima-
gination to which English genius has given origin, his writings
are most decidedly her own; all the actors in his narrative live in
England, travel in England. quarrel and fight in England; and
scarce an incident occurs. without its being marked by something
which could not well have happened in any other country. In his
powers of strong and natural humour, and forcible yet natural ex-
hibition of character, the Father of the English Novel has not yet
been approached even by his most successful followers. He is,
indeed, as Byron terms him-
•
The prose Homer of human nature.""
It is no slight evidence of the great popularity of Field-
ing, that in so many cases the incidental introduction of
an author's name gives us occasion to quote the opinion of
such author upon the merits of the subject of our pen. We
find Smollett and Fielding compared, and we are reminded
that Smollett left us his estimate of the genius of Fielding.
Again we find that Swift has made Fielding the "butt of
his clumsy ridicule," and we must repeat what Dr. Warton
bined, and we recollect Sir Walter's cloquent tribute to his
says of both. The names of Scott and Fielding are com-
great predecessor. Scott quotes Byron, and we feel that
our duty will not be discharged without quoting Byron
further on the same suggestive theme:
"Mr. Fielding's Novels are highly distinguished for their hu-
mour; a humour which, if not of the most refined and delicate
kind, is original, and peculiar to himself. The characters which
he draws are lively and natural, and marked with the strokes of a
bold pencil. The general scope of his stories is favourable to hu-
manity and goodness of heart."-DR. BLAIR: Lectures on Rhetoric
and Belles-Lettres.
“They are splendid emanations of art, and artistical, as the criticing
Goethe correctly expresses it, in the true sense of the word."
"Fielding will forever remain the delight of his country, and will
always retain his place in the libraries of Europe, notwithstanding
the unfortunate grossness,—the mark of an uncultivated taste.-
which if not yet entirely excluded from conversation, has been for
some time banished from our writings, where, during the best age
of our national genius, it prevailed more than in those of any other
polished nation."-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: Elin. Rev. xxv. 485.
The opinion of Fielding's celebrated kinswoman will in-
terest many readers:
"There now are no Squire Westerns as of old,
And our Sophias are not so emphatic,
But fair as them or fairer to behold.”
Don Juan, c. xiii. s. 110.
A critic of our own day, of great eminence, seems to
have shared in Byron's feeling of familiar acquaintance
with the dramatis personce of these memorable novels:
"What a wonderful art, what an admirable gift of nature, was
it by which the author of these tales was endowed, and which en-
abled him to fix our interest, to waken our sympathy, to seize upon
our credulity. so that we believe in his people-speculate gravely
upon their faults or their excellencies, prefer this one or that, de
plore Jones's fondness for drink and play, Booth's fondness for
play and drink, and the unfortunate position of the wives of both
gentlemen: we all admire those ladies with all our hearts, and
talk about them as faithfully as if we had breakfasted with them
this morning in their actual drawing-room, or should meet them
this afternoon in the Park!"-Thackeray's Eng. Hum. of the 18th
Century.
The reader must peruse for himself the Essay on the Life
and Works of Fielding, prefixed to the Works of the latter,
by THOMAS ROSCOE: see ante, notice of editions.
We can
make room for a short extract only from this well-written
composition:
"How far Richardson was inferior to his great rival in the lead-
characteristics of novel-writing, and in none more than in
natural and true portraiture of character and manners, the differ-
ent popular light in which they are regarded affords, perhaps, the
surest criterion. While Fielding continues to rank with the 'fore
most men of all the world,' with Homer, Cervantes, Shakspeare,
in the highest rank of genius, the long, wearisome, thrice elabo-
rated productions of Richardson are a dead weight, and sleep un-
disturbed upon their shelves. Only for a moment contrast the
characters they have drawn; the truth-telling, manly minds of
Fielding, of which the calm beauty, the sunshine and the storm,'
are all faithful transcripts of nature, with the feeble, unvarying
portraitures of bis contemporary."
C
We find a similar judgment expressed by a late eminent
writer:
"When we read Fielding's novels after those of Richardson, we
feel as if a stupendous pressure were removed from our souls. We
seem suddenly to have left a palace of enchantment, where we
images, and illumined by a light not quite human nor yet quite
have passed through long galleries filled with the most gorgeous
divine, into the fresh air, and the common ways of this bright
and breathing world.' We travel on the high-road of humanity,
yet meet in it pleasanter companions, and catch more delicious
TALFOURD: New Month. Mag.
snatches of refreshment, than ever we can hope elsewhere to enjoy."
We can form some faint idea of the growl of indignation,
and the torrent of invective, with which gruff old Johnson
would have chastised the utterers of such comparisons as
we have just quoted. And, indeed, as Fielding has had it
all his own way for some time, it is only fair, and will be
perhaps agreeable relief to the reader, to show "the other
picture."
"It always appeared to me that he estimated the compositions
of Richardson too highly, and that he had an unreasonable preju.
dice against Fielding. In comparing those two writers. he used
"What a master of composition Fielding was! upon my word I this expression: that there was as great a diference between them,
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C
6
18 between a man who knew how a watch was made, and a man !
who could tell the hour by looking on the dial-plate.' This was a
short and figurative statement of his distinction between drawing
characters of nature and characters only of manners. . . Field-
ing being mentioned, Johnson exclaimed, 'He was a blockhead;'
and upon my expressing my astonishment at so strange an asser-
tion, he said, 'What I mean by his being a blockhead is, that he
was a barren rascal.' BOSWELL: Will you not allow, sir, that he
draws very natural pictures of human life? JOHNSON: Why, sir,
it is of very low life. Richardson used to say that, had he not
known who Fielding was, he should have believed he was an ostler.
Sir, there is more knowledge of the heart in one letter of Richard-
son's, than in all Tom Jones. I. indeed, never read Joseph An-
drews.' ERSKINE: Surely, sir, Richardson is very tedious.' Joux
80N: Why, sir, if you were to read Richardson for the story, your
impatience would be so much fretted that you would hang your
self. But you must read him for the sentiment, and consider the
story as only giving occasion to the sentiment.""-Boswell's Life
of Johnson.
·
Fielding, James Holyrod.
Wheel of Fortune, 1818, 4 vols.
Fielding, Sir John, d. 1780, half-brother to Henry
Fielding, the great novelist, and his successor in his ma-
gisterial duties, was distinguished for his public spirit and
efforts for the reformation of the vicious. In consideration
of his valuable services to the community, he was knighted
in 1761. 1. Police Act, with a plan rel. to Girls of the
Town, Lon., 1757, 'GS, Svo. 2. Plan of an Asylum, or
Home of Refuge for Orphans and other deserted Girls,
1758, Svo. 3. Extracts from Penal Laws, &c., 1761, 69,
8vo. 4. Universal Mentor, a collec. of Moral and Misc.
Essays, 1762, 12mo. 5. Charge to the Grand Jury. 1763,
4to. 6. Do., 1766, 4to. 7. Descrip. of London and West-
minster, 1777, 12mo.
Fielding, John. 1. Peerage of Eng., Lon., 1781,
12mo. 2. New Peerage of do., 1784, 12mo. 3. H. Coach
Rates, 1786, 12mo. 4. Regal Tables, 12mo.
Fielding, Robert. Surg. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1709.
Fielding, Sarah, 1714-1768, third sister of the great
novelist, lived and died unmarried, at Bath. She was a
woman of great learning. 1. The Adventures of David
Simple in search of a Faithful Friend, 2 vols. 12mo. Pub.
shortly after the appearance of her brother Henry's Joseph
Andrews. A third vol. was added in 1752. New ed., 1756,
2 vols. 8vo. This novel was well received. 2. The Cry;
a Dramatic Fable, 1754, 3 vols. 12mo. This has also been
claimed as the production of Patry Fielding and Miss Jane
Collier. See Mrs. Barbauld's Life of Richardson; Biog.
Dramat., vols. i. and ii. 3. Xenophon's Memoirs of Socra-
tes; Defen of Socrates before his Judges, 1762, Svo.
Mr. Harris of Salisbury furnished some valuable notes to
this excellent translation.
Beauchamp; or the
An eminent authority of modern times thus satisfac-high
torily accounts for the early popularity of Richardson in
Germany:
"Fielding conceived life as it was, with great strength and dis-
tinctness, and brought out into clear light those contrasts which
are indeed now well enough known, but which were then remarked
by none, because England was regarded as a paradise-a Utopía.
He showed with such power the difference between appearance and
truth—between a flattering clergy and true religion, that the lovers
of sentimentality and the multitude, who are always willing to
have their eyes bound that they may dream pleasantly, were in
some measure driven from himself to his countryman Richardson,
the discoverer of a conventional morality. We cannot therefore
wonder that Fielding, who died in 1754, found a public in Germany
much later than Richardson, whose moralizing and sentimental
heroes and heroines had already become the fashion by means of
Rousseau, at the same time with the idyllic dreams of Gessner.
We must possess good practical sense and a knowledge of pure old
English life, and of the abuses of its hierarchy and clergy. to un-
derstand Fielding, to estimate a Joseph Andrews and a Tom Jones,
and to find pleasure in them; whereas we have only need of in-
definite general notions and sensibility. to admire Richardson's
Pamela, and his Sir Charles Grandison.”—Schlosser's Hist. of the
18th Cent., &c.; Davidson's Trans., ii. 59, CO.
|
2. Hist. of the Art of Engraving, Lon., 1840, r. 8vo. New
ed., 1848. 3. Picturesque Descrip. of the River Wye, 1841,
4to. 4. Synopsis of Practical Perspective, 3d ed., 1843,
8vo. 5. Manual of Colours, 1844, fp. 8vo. 6. On the Know-
ledge and Restoration of Oil Paintings, 1847, 12mo.
Fields, James T., b. 1820, at Portsmouth, New Hamp.
shire, a partner of the well-known Boston publishing house
of Ticknor and Fields, has won considerable reputation as
a poet. A volume of his poetical compositions was pub.
in Boston in 1849, and one for private distribution was
printed at Cambridge in 1854. In 1858 he also privately
printed a beautiful volume entitled A Few Verses for a
Few Friends.
"Mr. Fielding's work may be honoured in France as M. Mérimée's
has been in England by a translation: we think it a better one,
and therefore more deserving of it.”—Lon, Parthenon.
"This book itself. apart from its contents, is a poem. In paper,
type, edging, and ornament-in all the variable details of me
chanical execution-it vindicates its title to be termed a work of
art. The poems it contains are gems well worthy the setting
-pure thought, genial feeling, tender remembrance, and lambent
fancy, in natural measures and easy rhythm,—such poems as
always win a higher fame than they seek and are best appreciated
by those whose verdict is of the most significant import."-
N. Amer. Rev., clxxx., July, 1858.
Among his principal pieces are Commerce, read before
the Boston Mercantile Association on its anniversary in
1838, and The Post of Honour, read before the same so-
ciety in 1848. The reading-world is indebted to Mr. Fields
for a complete edition of De Quincey's writings, which he
collected. edited, and published in 20 vols. 16mo, Bost.,
1858. See DE QUINCEY, THOMAS. Specimens of Mr.
Fields's style will be found in Griswold's Poets and Poetry
of America, and Duyckincks' Cyc. Amer. Lit.
"Besides his serious poems. he has produced some very original
mirthful pieces, in which are adroit touches of wit, felicitous hits
at current follies, and instances of quaint humour, laughing through
prim and decorous lines, which evince a genius for vers de société.
The poems Mr. Fields has given us are evidently the careless pro-
ducts of a singularly sensitive and fertile mind-indications rather
than exponents of its powers-furnishing evidence of a capacity
which it is to be hoped the engagements of business will not wholly
absorb."-Griswolds Poets and Poetry of America.
"Mr. Fields's visit was necessarily brief: but that short interview
has laid the foundation of a friendship which will, I think, last as
long as my frail life, and of which the benefit is all on my side.
He sends me charming letters, Verses which are fast ripening into
true poetry, excellent books: and this autumn be brought back
himself. and came to pay me a visit; and he must come again. for,
of all the kindnesses with which he loads me. I like his company
the best."-MISS MITFORD.in her Literary Recollections.
Fiennes, Nathaniel, 1608–1669, second son of Lord
Say and Sele. educated at Oxford, and Lord Privy Seal
under Oliver Cromwell, pub. several speeches and political
pamphlets, 1640-64. Monarchy the best Gor't, 1660.
Tho' before he had shew'd himself an antimonarchist, yet then,
when he saw what Oliver aimed at [he] became a lover of kingship
and monarchy, purposely to gain honour and riches for the esta
blishing a family which he and the rest of the godly party aimed
at."-Athen. Ozon.
Not all, Anthony; be a little more charitable. Fiennes
was for some time colonel of horse under the Earl of Essex.
“If he had not incumbered himself with command in the army,
to which men thought his nature not so well disposed, he had been
second to none in those councils after Mr. Hampden's death."—
LORD CLARENDON.
Walker ascribes to Fiennes a historical tract called An-
glia Rediviva, pub. under the name of Sprigge.
Fiennes, William, Lord Say and Sele, 1582–1662,
father of the preceding, educated at Oxford, was "very
Seal and Lord Chamberlain at the Restoration.
active" with Hampden and Pym, yet was made Lord Privy
He wroto
some political tracts, and some treatises against the Qua-
ascribed both to him and his son Nathaniel. Wood speaks
kers. The Scots Design Discovered, 1653, 4to, has been
of the honours bestowed upon him by Charles II. with
great indignation:
"Done with equal judgment and accuracy.”—CLARKE.
"While others that suffered in estate and body, and had been
reduced to a bit of bread for his maj. cause, had then little or no-
thing given to relieve them; for which they were to thank a hun-
4. Familiar Letters between the characters in David gry and great officer. [Lord Clarendon.-COLE,] who, to fill his own
Simple, 2 vols.
-Atken. Oxon.
coffers, was the occasion of the ruin of many.'
5. The Governess, or Little Female Aca-
He was a person of great parts, wisdom, and integrity."—
demy. 6. The Lives of Cleopatra and Octavia. 7. The
WHITELOCKE.
Hist. of the Countess of Delwin, 2 vols. 8. The Hist. of
Ophelia, 2 vols.
..
"Her unaffected manners, candid mind,
Her heart benevolent, and soul resign'd;
Were more her praise than all she knew or thought,
Though Athen's wisdom to her sex she taught.”
Inscription by Dr. John Hoadly on the Monument
erected by him to her memory.
Fielding, T. Select Proverbs of all Nations. New
ed., Lon., 1847, 18mo. See RAY, JOHN.
Fielding, T. H., of the E. I. Comp. Milt. Coll., Ad-
discombe. 1. Painting in Oil and Water Colours, Lon.,
1839, imp. Svo; 4th ed., 1846.
>"
"A man of a close and reserved nature, of great parts, and of
the highest ambition."-LORD CLARENDON. See Athen. Oxon.;
Park's R. and N. Authors.
Fierburtus, Nic. See FITZHERBERT.
Fife, Lord. A Catalogue of Lord Fife's Coins and
Medals, 1796, 4to.
Figges, James. The Excise Officer's Vade Mecum,
Lon., 1781, 12mo.
Filding, Ford. Trans. of Dan Toussaius's Exercise
of the Faithful Soule, &c., Lon., 1683, Svo.
Filewood, F. R. Argts. and Proofs of the Excellency
of the Liturgy of the Ch. of Eng., Lon., 1792, 12mo.
Filgate, Fitzherbert.Thorough Draining, 1848, 18mo.
"The author writes very soundly and practically.”—Donaldson's
Agricult. Biog.
595
FIL
TIN
Filipowski, H. E.
ed., Lon., 1851, Svo.
A Table of Anti-Logarithms, 2d
A Table of Anti-Logarithms, 2d
|
All that could be wished in extent, in structure, and in typo-
graphy. For its extent it is unique among modern tables.”—PROF.
AUG. DE MORGAN.
Filkes, John. Serm., Lon., 1713, Svo; do., 1714, Svo.
Filkes, John. Serm., &c., 1802, '04, Svo.
Fills, Robert. Theolog. treatises and devotional
works, trans. from the French, Lon., 1562–90, &c.
Filmer, Edward. French Court Ayres, 1629.
Filmer, Edward, D.C.L., educated at All-Souls' Col-
lege, Oxf., disgraced himself by defending the English
stage against Jeremy Collier, in A Defence of Plays, Lon..
1707, Svo. lle also pub. The Unnatural Brother, a Trag.,
Lon., 1697, 4to.
It bears strong testimony to the understanding and abilities
of the author.”—Biog. Dramat.
Filmer, Sir Robert, d. 2547, a native of Kent, father
of the preceding, educated at Trin. Coll., Camb., wrote a
number of political treatises in favour of arbitrary power
in the monarch, which are, 1. The
of a
Mixed and Limited Monarchy, 1646, '48, '79. 2. Neces-
sity of the absolute Power of all Kings, and in particular
of the King of England, 1648, 'S0. 3. Original of Gov't;
against Milton, Hobbes, Grotius, Hutton, &c., 1652, 4to.
4. Questio Quodlibetica; or, a Discourse whether it may be
lawful to take use for Money, 1653, 78, Svo. 5. Free-
holder's Grand Inquest, touching the King and his Parl.;
written by Sir Richard Hobhouse, 1679, Sro. 6. Patri-
archia; or, The Natural Power of the Kings of England
asserted.
"In which he endeavours to prove, that all government was mon-
archical at first, and that all legal titles to govern are originally
derived from the hands of families, or from such upon whom their
right was transferred, either by concession or failure of the line.
"His arguments are singularly insufficient; he quotes nothing
but a few irrelevant texts from Genesis; he seems not to have
known at all the strength, whatever it may be, of his own case,
and it is hardly possible to find a more trifling and feeble work.
It had however the advantage of opportunity to be received by a
party with approbation.”—Hallam's Introduc. to Lit. of Europe.
This work has elicited able confutations, the best known
of which will be found in Locke's Treatises on Civil Go-
vernment. 7. Political Discourses, 1680, 8vo. 8. Defence
against Algernon Sidney's Paper.
Sir Robert Filmer of Kent was intimately acquainted with
Camden, who told him he was not suffered to print many things
in his Elizabeth, which he sent over to his Correspondent Thuanus,
who printed it all faithfully in his annals without altering a word.”
Fillmore, Augustus D., b. 1823, in Ohio. 1. Uni-
1. Uni-
versal Musician. 2. Christian Psalmist.
2. Christian Psalmist. 3. Tree of Tem-
perance and its Fruits, &c.
Filson, John. Topog. Description of the West. Terri-
tory of N. America, 1793, 8vo. In association with George
Imlay. 2. The Discovery, Settlement, and present State
of Kentucke, Wilmington, 1784, Svo; Lon., 1793, Svo. In
French, Paris, 1785.
"This account bears every mark of authenticity. It was drawn
up from personal notice or immediate information, and is attested
by the signatures of three respectable inhabitants of the country.
The author is a believer in the settlement of a Welsh colony in
this country by Madoc, in 1170.”—Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova.
|
Finch, Anne, d. 1720, Countess of Winchelsea, was
the daughter of Sir William Kingsmill, of Sidmonton,
Southampton, and wife of Hencage, Earl of Winchelsea.
Miscellaneous Poems, on several occasions, Lon., 1731, Svo.
Among the pieces is a tragedy called Aristomines. Her
best-known poem is The Atheist and the Acorn. Pope ad-
dressed some verses to her, which elicited an "elegant re-
plication," printed in Cibber's Lives, and prefixed to an old
edit. of his works. Her poem upon the Spleen, pub. in
Gildon's Miscellany, 1701, 8vo, was, with several other of
ber pieces, inserted by Dr. Birch in the General Biographi-
cal Dictionary, by permission of the Countess of Hertford,
who owned the originals.
..
It is remarkable that, excepting a passage or two in the Wind-
sor Forest of Pope, and some delightful pictures in the poems of
Lady Winchelsea, the poetry of the period intervening between
the publication of the Paradise Lost and the Seasons does not
contain a single new image of external nature."-WORDSWORTH.
The extravagance of this assertion appears to us to be
manifest. Had Mr. Wordsworth perused and remembered
all the poetry between Paradise Lost and The Seasons?
Finch, B. Sonnets and other Poems, 1805, Svo.
Finch, Charles, Earl of Nottingham. His Royal
Entertainment when Ambassador to the King of Spain,
1605, 4to.
Finch, Daniel, second Earl of Nottingham, 1647-
1729-30, was educated at Christ Church, Oxf., filled several
important political posts. 1. Answer to Whiston's Letter
to him concerning the Eternity of the Son of God and of
the Holy Ghost, Lon., 1721, 8vo; 3 edits. in the same year.
For this work he was thanked by the University of Oxford.
2. Letter to Dr. Waterland, printed at the end of Dr. New-
ton's Treatise on Pluralities. Observations upon the State
of the Nation in January, 1712-13, has been ascribed to
him. Horace Walpole states that he was assured it was
not his composition.
Finch, Edward, Vicar of Christ's Church, London,
brother of Sir Heneage Finch, first Earl of Nottingham,
was ejected from his parish by the parliamentary inquisi-
Answer to the Articles preferred against him, 1641,
4to. The charges exhibited against him were pub. in the
same year, 4to.
tors.
Lon., 1831-36, 2 vols. Svo. Reprinted, 1850, 2 vols. Svo.
Finch, George. Sketch of the Romish Controversy,
+
A valuable collection of documents extracted from various
sources."-Bickerst-th`s ('. S.
Finch, Heneage, first Earl of Nottingham, 1621-
1682, was a native of Kent, and educated at Oxford; At-
Chancellor, 1675.
torney-General, 1670: Lord Keeper about 1673; Lord High-
A number of his parliamentary and
judicial speeches were pub., 1660-1791. He left Chancery
Reports, MS. in folio, and notes on Coke's Institutes. He
is highly commended by Bishop Burnet.
"He was a person of the greatest abilities and most uncorrupted
integrity: a thorough master and zealous defender of the laws and
constitution of his country."-SIR WM. BLACKSTONE.
See Athen. Oxon.; Collins's Peerage; Park's Walpole's
R. and N. Authors.
Finch, Heneage, second Earl of Winchelsea, d. 1689,
was English ambassador to Turkey. 1. Narrative of the
success of his Embassy to Turkey, Lon., 1661. 2. A Re-
lation of the late prodigious Earthquake and Eruption of
Mount Etna, 1669, fol. This eruption was witnessed by
his lordship on his return from Constantinople.
Finch, Sir Henry, d. 1625, of the same family as the
Lord Chancellor, was educated at Oxford, and became an
eminent lawyer. 1. Nomotechnia; cest à Scavoir, un De-
scription del Commun Leys d'Angleterre, &c., Lon., 1613,
fol. Trans. by the author into English under the title of
Law, or a Discourse thereof, 1627, 36, '61, '78, Svo. New
ed., with Notes and References by Dunby Pickering, 1759,
Svo. Another trans., anon., 1759, Svo. Finch's Law was
the principal guide of law students until the publication of
Blackstone's Commentaries. The best portions of Finch
are incorporated into the latter work.
Before we attempt the perusal of our ancient law writers, it
will be highly convenient to have a general idea of the common
law itself, the chief subject of all their tracts, and this perhaps
cannot be had more readily than from that methodical system
which is well known by the name of Finch's Law. . . . It is still,
in good credit and repute. Out of it is extracted, or stolen, an-
other small treatise, which is called Summary of the Common Law
of England."-Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib., 179.
The Summary noticed by the bishop was pub. in 1654,
12mo. 2. On the Calling of the Jews.
Finch, Hon. Henry, Dean of York. Serm., 1712, 4to.
Finch, John. 1. Travels in the U. States and Canada,
Lon., Svo.
"Mr. F.'s observations are marked by good sense, impartiality,
and good feeling.”—Lon. Monthly Rev.
2. The Natural Boundaries of Empire, 1844, fp. Svo.
and the exact and deep research of its most intelligent author."
"We can strongly recommend the work, both for its usefulness,
Bell's Messenger.
Finch, John Lord. Letters, &c., 1640–41.
Finch, Martin. 1. Animad. upon Sir Henry Vane's
Retired Man's Meditations, Lon., 1656, 12mo. 2. Answer
to Mr. Thomas Grantham's Dialogue between the Baptist
and the Presbyt., 1691, Svo.
Finch, R. Tracts containing a Defence of the Doc-
trines of Regeneration. Advice to Y. Clergymen. Thoughts
on the Sovereignty of God, &c., 1793, 8vo.
"They are really valuable tracts, though some of them are ex-
pressed occasionally in too much severity of language. In this
their collected form, with real name of the author prefixed, I neve
saw another copy."-MS. Note by Rev. P. Hall.
We presume this R. Finch to be Robert Poole Finch,
D.D., but may be mistaken.
Finch, Richard. 1. War, Notting., 1747. 2. Exam.
of Cudworth's Thoughts on Election, &c., Lon., 1755.
Finch, Robert, 1783-1830, an antiquary, collected
a valuable library and collection of antiquities, pictures,
&c., which he bequeathed to the Ashmolean Museum at
Oxford. The Crown of Pure Gold, and Protestantism our
surest Bulwark; two Serms., 1809.
Finch, Robert Poole, D.D. Occasional Serms.,
1746-1798. Consid. upon Judicial Oaths, 1788, 8vo. See
FINCH, R.
Finch, Rev. Thomas. 1. Early Wisdom, Lon., 1794,
2 vols. 12mo. 2. To Sailors, 1797, Svo. 3. To the Poor,
Norw., Svo.
596
FIN
FIN
Finch, Thomas. Precedents in Chancery, 1689-1722,
Lon., 1747, fol.; 2d ed., by Thomas Finch, Lon., 1786, 8vo.
Lord Hardwicke states that the notes to cases to 1708 were
taken by Mr. Pooley, the remainder by Mr. Robins.
"The cases are briefly reported, but are of respectable authority"
See Pref. 18 Viner's Abridgt.; 1 Kent's Com., 492; Marvin's Leg.
Bibl.. 586.
Finch, Thomas. 1. Essays on Man, Lon., 1811,
12mno. 2. On Political Philos., 1812, 8vo. 3. Social Vir-
tues; a Serm., 1812, 8vo. 4. Scriptural Christianity, 1812,
Svo. 5. Christian Principles; a Serm., Lynn, 1815, 8vo.
Finch, W. 1. Masonic Treatise. 2. Masonic Plates.
Finch, Wm., D.D., Preb. of Cant. Serm., 1704, 4to.
Finch, Wm., D.D. 1. The Objec. of Infidel Historians,
&c. agst. Christianity; in 8 serms. at the Bampton Lecture,
1797, and another serm., 1797, 8vo. 2. Serm., 1798, Svo.
Fincher, Joseph. 1. Interpositions of Divine Pro-
vidence, Lon., 12mo. 2. Achievements of Prayer, 2d ed.,
1828, 12mo.
Finden, W. and E. The splendid publications of
these gentlemen-The Royal Gallery of British Art, Por-
traits of Female Aristocracy, Tableaux, Ports and Har-
bours of Great Britain, Landscape Illustrations of the
Bible, &c.—are well known and justly valued by the pub-
lic in and out of England.
Findlater, Rev. Charles, minister of Newlands,
Peebles. Genl. Survey of the Agricult. of the County of
Peebles, Edin., 1802, 8vo.
"The subject matter is well arranged and very judiciously re-
lated. The notes and appendix are very valuable on the social
policy of the district and its regulations: the report has always
been esteemed.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Bing.
antiquity of which the author dissents from Warton's
opinion.
Finett, Sir John, Knt., 1571-1640, a native of Soul-
ton, Kent. 1. Finetti Philoxemis, rel. to Forren Ambassa
dors in Eng., Lon., 1656, 8vo; 1756, 12mo. Posth.; pub. by
James Howell. A curious work. See an analysis in Oldys's
Brit. Lib., 163-S. 2. On Estates; from the French of R.
de Lusing, 1606.
"He was bred up in the court, where, by his wit, mirth, and
uncommon skill in composing songs, he very much pleased
James I."
Finglass, Esther. The Recluse; or, History of
Lady Gertrude Lesly, Lon., 1790, 2 vols. 12mo.
Finglass, John, D.D., Preb. of St. Andrew's, Dublin.
Serms., 1695, 4to.
Finlason, W. 1. Leading Cases in Pleading and
Parties to Action, with Notes, Lon., 1847, r. 8vo; Har-
risburg, 1847, 8vo.
The Notes themselves are learned, and, we may add, elaborate
Treatises upon the matters to which they relate."-London Law
Mug.
"A valuable addition to the library of the profesional man."—
Penn. Law Jour.
6. The Divine Inspiration of the Scriptures of the Old
Test. asserted by St. Paul, 2 Tim. iii. 16; and Dr. Ged-
des's Reasons against the Tenor of his Words examined,
1804, Svo.
2. Finlason, W., and Morris R., Common Law Proce-
dure Act, 1852; with Notes, Lon., 1852, 12mo.
Finlay, George. 1. Greece under the Romans, B.C.
146-A.D. 717, Lon., 1843, 8vo; 2d ed., 1857, 8vo.
LA
His work is therefore learned and profound. It throws a flood
of light upon an important though obscure portion of Grecian
history. .. In the essential requisites of fidelity, accuracy, and
learning. Mr. Finlay bears a favourable comparison with any his-
torical writer of our day."-North Amer. Rex.
"The History of Greece under the Romans has been ably written
by Mr. Finlay."-Lon. Quar. Rex.
Findlay, A. G. 1. Modern Atlas, Lon., 1843, r. Svo.
2. Outline Maps, 1843, r. 4to. 3. Classical Atlas of Ancient
Geography, 1847, r. Svo, and r. 4to, N. York, 1849, 8vo.
"This atlas will be found to answer all the purposes of the stu-
dent. It is undoubtedly the best collection of maps for its size
that has hitherto appeared, and the interesting information con-
tained in the introduction renders the work doubly valuable."-
CHARLES ANTHON, LL.D., Columbia College.
4. School Classical Atlas, imp. Svo. 5. School Atlas of
Modern Geography, 1848, 4to.
The value of these atlases is well known, and they are
beautifully gotten up.
"The artistical portion of these Atlases cannot be surpassed."
—Church and State Gazette.
6. Directory for the Navigation of the Pacific Ocean,
1851, 2 vols. r. Svo. 7. Sailing Directory for the East Coast
of England and Scotland, 1852, Svo. S. Comparative Atlas
of Ancient and Modern Geography, 1853, imp. 4to.
Findlay, J. Four serms., by J. F., J. Tozer, J. Moody,
and G. C. Broadbelt, Lon., 1799, Svo.
"His chief poem, · Wallace; or. The Vale of Ellerslie,' which was
Findlay, John K., son of Gov. Findlay of Pennsyl-written at the age of nineteen, is doubtless an imperfect compo-
vania. Archbold's (J. F.) Law of Nisi Prius; 3d Amer. ed., sition but it displays a wonderful power of versification, and con-
enlarged and improved, by J. K. F., Phila., 1852, 2 vols. tains many splendid descriptions of external nature. It possesses
Svo. The editor's Introduction and additions to the body both the merits and defects which we look for in the early compo
sitions of true genius. . . . The collection of Historical and Ro-
of the work greatly increase the value of the original, which
mantic Ballads entitles the name of Finlay to a place among
is perhaps the best treatise upon the subject. See ARCH-
Scottish antiquaries, and to follow those of Walter Scott and Ro
BOLD, J. F.; STEPHENS, ARCHIBALD JOHN.
bert Jamieson.”—Blackwoods. Mag., ii. 186, q. v. for a biographical
sketch and specimen of Finlay's poetry.
Findlay, Robert, 1721-1814, a Scotch divine, was
educated at the University of Glasgow and at Leyden; one
of the ministers of Glasgow, 1756; Prof. of Divinity in
that University, 1782. 1. Two Letters to Dr. Kennicott,
Lon., 1762, 8vo. Anon. 2. Psalmody, Glasg., 1763, Svo.
Anon. 3. Vindication of the sacred Books and of Jose-
phus from Voltaire, 1770, Svo.
Finlay, John. 1. Churchwardens, &c. in Ireland,
2. Landlord and Tenant in do.. Svo. 3. Law
Dubl., Svo.
5. Law
of Tithe in do., Svo. 4. Laws of Game, &c., Svo.
of Renewals, 1822, Svo. 6. Digested Index to all the Irish
Rep. Cases in Law and Equity, 1830, Sro.
Finlayson, George, surgeon and naturalist to Mr
Crawford's Mission to Siam and Hué, 1821, '22. An Ac·
count of the Mission from the Journal of the late G. F., with
a Memoir of the Author, by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles,
Bart.
This is a serious and solid refutation of many of M. de Vol-
taire's most formidable objections to the sacred writings."-BISHOP
WATSON.
w
saders to its Conquest by the Turks, and of the Empire of
2. The Hist. of Greece from its Conquest by the Cru-
Trebizond, 1204–1461, 1851, Sro.
3. Hist. of the Byzantine Empire, 716-1057, 1853, Sro.
4. Hist. of the Byzantine and Greek Empires, 1057-1453,
1854, Svo.
"The reply to Dr. Geddes is a most satisfactory one, and both
vindicates the common reading of 2 Tim. iii. 16, and supports the
generally received views of inspiration."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Findley, Wm., d. 1821, a member of the U. States
Congress, 1812, a native of Ireland, was a zealous sup-
porter of the American Revolution. 1. Review of the
Funding System, 1794. 2. Hist. of the Insurrection of
the 4 western counties of Penn., &c., Phila., 1796. 3. Ob-
serv. on the two Sons of Oil, vindic. religious liberty agst.
Rev. Samuel B. Wylie.
Finegan, J. T. An Attempt to illustrate a few Pas-
sages in Shakspeare's Works, Bath, 1802, Svo, with quo-
tations from "Pierce Plowman's Vision," respecting the
Į
"At a time when so much attention is being devoted to the mo
dern history of the Greek race, and to the constitution and history
of the Greek Church, and when even our scholars are catching the
enthusiasm, and insisting on the necessity of studying the modern
Greek language and literature, Mr. Finlay's solid and careful
works will be welcomed by all who read to be informed.”—Lon.
Athenæum.
educated at the University of that city, was a poet of some
Finlay, John, 1782-1810, a native of Glasgow, and
repute. 1. Wallace; or. The Vale of Ellerslie; with other
Poems, Glasg., 1802, 12mo; 1804, Svo. 2. Scottish Hist.
and Romantic Ballads; chiefly ancient, Edin., 1808,2 vols.
Svo. 3. Life of Cervantes.
4. Letter to Dr. Jebb, 1778, Svo. Anon. 5. Remarks on
Lindsey's Dissert. on Praying to Christ, 1781, Svo.
We are satisfied of the accuracy with which he has recorded the
transactions of this abortive missiou."-Lon. Quar. Rev.,xxxiii. 104–
These tracts contain important observations ou some passages
of Scripture in that department of the Socinian controversy."-133, q. v. for an interesting account of this unsuccessful expedition.
Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Finlayson, James, D.D., the colleague of Dr. Blair.
1. Serms., by Dr. Blair, with his Life. 2. Serms., with
Life and Character of the Author, Lon., 1809, 8vo.
•
In originality of thought and cogency of reasoning, we think
they will be found even superior to those of Blair.”—British Critic
Finlayson, John. Admonition to all people, 1797,
Svo.
Finlayson, John, 1780-1826, a native of the county
of Ayr, an eminent agriculturist. British Farmer and
Ploughman's Guide, Glasg., 1822, Svo: 2d ed., 1829.
“A very useful and interesting work.”—Bril. Farmer's Chron,
Feb. 25, 1825.
With him every thing is done on principle."-Brit. Parmer's
Mag., May, 1827.
Mr. F. made many improvements in agricultural imple-
ments, &c.
ments, &c. See an interesting notice of him in Donald-
son's Agricult. Biog.
Finlayson, Joseph Andrews. Serm.
597
FIN
FIS
Finley, Robert, D.D., 1772-1817, a native of Prince-
ton, N. Jersey, elected President of the University of
Georgia, 1817, may be considered as the father of the
American Colonization Society. He pub. several serms.
and some papers on Colonization to Africa.
Finley, Samuel, D.D., 1715-1766, a native of Ar-
magh, Ireland, emigrated to Philadelphia in 1734, elected
President of the College of N. Jersey in 1761. He pub.
several serms. and theolog. treatises, 1741-57, and edited
the serms. of his predecessor, President Davies.
Finn, Henry J., 1782-1840, a native of the city of
New York, after devoting two years to the study of the
law, abandoned Coke and Blackstone for the stage, and
made his first appearance at the Haymarket Theatre, Lon-
don. In 1811 he returned to America, and obtained great
reputation as a comic actor. He perished in the conflagra-
tion of the steamboat Lexington, January 13, 1840. He
pub. a Comic Annual, contributed to several periodicals,
wrote a drama entitled Montgomery, or the Falls of Mont-
morenci, which was acted and pub., and left a MS. tragedy,
specimens of which appeared in the New York Mirror.
The bills of his benefit nights were
"Usually made up of the most extraordinary and inconceivable
puns, for which his own name furnished prolific materials.”—Life
of Finn by Epes Sargent, in Griswold's Biographical Annual, New
York, 1841, 12mo.
رہے
Finn, James. 1. Sephardim; or, The Hist. of the
Jews in Spain and Portugal, 1841, p. Svo.
"Of all the books about the Jews (and truly their name is legion)
which the modern press pours out on the world, Sephardim is the
most learned, the most accurate, the most romantic, and the most
instructive."—Ch. of Eng. Quar. Rev.
2. Hist. of the Jews in China, Lon., 1843, 12mo.
Finnelly, W. 1. Elections in Eng., Scot., and Ire.,
Lon., 1830, 12mo. 2. Reform Act, Dubl., 1832, Svo. 3. Re-
ports: see CLARK, CHARLES.
Finnerty, Peter. Burdett's Speeches, 1804. His
Case, 1811.
6.
· Some useful thoughts."-BICKERSTETH.
4. Serms. on Important Subjects, 1839, 12mo. 5. Skele-
tons of a Course of Theolog. Lectures, 1841, Svo. 6. Lec-
tures on Systematic Theology. New ed., with an Introduc.
by the Rev. George Redford, D.D. New ed., 1851, Svo.
"Eminently deserving the attention and examination of British
Theologians, and a valuable and seasonable contribution to Theo-
logical Science."-REV. GEO. REDFORD, D.D.
The Lectures to Professing Christians on Revivals of
Keligion, and Serms. on Important Subjects, have been
pub. together in London, in 10 parts, Svo.
"I have no hesitation in ranking the Lectures on Revivals, and
the work now before me, entitled Lectures to Professing Christians,
among the best works that of late years have been presented to the
world. They are both of them the productions of a man full of
faith and of the Holy Ghost, whose whole soul appears to be taken
up with zeal for the cause of religion and the salvation of souls."
Finney, Charles G., Prest. of Oberlin Coll., Ohio,
was born in Litchfield co., Conn., in 1792. 1. Guide to the
Saviour, Oberlin, 16mo. 2. Lectures to Professing Chris-United Service Gazelle.
tians, 3d ed., Lon., 1839, 12mo. 3. Lectures on Revivals of
Religion, 13th ed., with Notes and Memoir, 1840, Svo. In
America, six editions of 2000 copies each were sold, and
the sale still continues.
-REV. J. BARKER,
A review by Prof. Hodge of Mr. F.'s theological views,
will be found in the Princeton Biblical Repository for June,
1847, and a biographical sketch of the author (Mr. F.) in
Bartlett's Modern Agitators, N. York, 1855, 12mo.
Finney, John, D.D. Serm., 1746, 4to.
Fiott, John. East India Stock, 1791, '92, '93.
Firebrace, John. Serm., 1767, 8vo.
Firmin, Giles, 1617-1697, a Nonconformist divine, a
native of Suffolk, emigrated to New England and practised
physic; returned and became minister of Stratford, Essex;
ejected, 1662. He pub. several serms. and theolog. trea-
tises, 1652-93, the best-known of which is The Real Chris-
tian, 1670, 4to.
Firmin, Thomas, 1632–1697, a native of Ipswich,
eminent for his deeds of charity, was a Socinian. He was
an intimate friend of Archbishop Tillotson, and generally
esteemed. Some Proposals for the Employing the Poor,
especially in and about the City of London; and for the
Prevention of Begging, Lon., 1678, 4to.
Fish, Henry, of Middleton. Serm., 1737, 8vo.
Fish, Henry Clay, D,D. b.1820, in Halifax, Vermont,
Pastor of the First Baptist Church, Newark, N.J. 1.
Primitive Piety Revived: a Prize Essay, Boston, 1855,
12mo. 20,000 sold in two years. 2. History and Re-
pository of Pulpit-Eloquence, N. Y., 1856, 2 vols. Svo.
"Every minister needs these volumes as illustrating the rules
of sacred rhetoric and furnishing rich nutriment to his mind and
heart."-Bibliotheca Sacra.
"The author's views were sufliciently benevolent, but not very
enlarged.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Firth, Win. A Saint's Monument; a Serm., 1662, 12mo.
Firth, Wm. 1. Case of Lord Thanet, Lon., 1799, 8vo.
2. Letter to Bp. Bathurst, 1813, 8vo. 3. Recent State Trials,
1818, Svo.
Fisgrave, Anthony, LL.D. Midas; or a Serious In-
quiry into Taste and Genius, Lon., 1808, Svo.
598
3. Pulpit-Eloquence of the XIX. Century, 1857, Svo.
4. Select Disc. from the German and French, 1858, 12mo.
Fish, Simon, d. about 1531, a native of Kent, educated
at Oxford, was a zealous promoter of the English Reforma-
tion. 1. The Supplicacyon for the Beggars, 1526, Svo.
Thomas More in his Supplication of Souls in Purgatory.
This satire upon the Popish clergy was answered by Sir
2. The Sum of the Scriptures; trans. from the Dutch, 1530.
3. The Boke of Merchants. 4. The Spiritual Nosegay.
"And thys good zele had ye wote well Symon Fishe had when
he made the Supplicacio' of beggers. But God gaue him suche
grace afterwarde yt he was sory for that good zeale and repented
hymselfe, and came into the church agayne, and forsok and for-
sware all the whole hill of these heresyes, out of which the moun-
tain of that same good zeale spräge.”—Sir Thomas More's Works,
ed. fol.. Lon., 1557, p. SS1. col. 1. See Athen. Oxon., ed. Bliss. i. Co.
Fishacre, or Fizacre, Richard, d. 1248, a Domi-
nican, studied at Oxford, and Leland thinks, also at Paris,
with Robert Bacon. Leland gives a list of theolog. trea-
tises by Fishacre.
Fisher. School for Ingratitude; a Com., 1748, 8vo.
Fisher's Admirable Hist., Illustrations of the Bible,
the Waverley Norels, the Drawing Room, and Juvenile
Scrap Books, &c., are deservedly adinired by all who can
appreciate artistic excellence.
Fisher, Admiral, R.N. 1. The Petrel; a Tale of the
Sea, Lon., 1850, 3 vols. p. Svo.
2. Ralph Rutherford; a Nautical Romance, 1851, 3 vols.
P. Svo.
"Admiral Fisher's interesting nautical tale of Ralph Rutherford
is a worthy member of the Marryat class. full of animated scenes,
serious and droll, with the halo of a love-story thrown around it."
Fisher, A. New Grammar, 1753, Svo. Improved by
J. Wilson, 1792, 8vo. Enlarged by a relative, 1801, Svo.
Fisher, Alexander. Journal of a Voyage of Dis-
covery to the Arctic Regions, Lon., 1821, Svo.
Fisher, Alexander M., 1794-1822, Prof. of Mathe-
mat. in Yale College, a native of Franklin, Mass., was
wrecked on the coast of Ireland, 1822, and lost. Papers
on Mathematics and Natural Philos. in Silliman's Journal.
Fisher, Ambrose. Defence of the Liturgy of the
Ch. of England, Lon., 1630, 4to.
Fisher, Caroline M. See SAWYER.
Fisher, Daniel, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1784, Svo.
Fisher, Edward, a Calvinistic divine, educated at
Oxford. 1. Appeal to thy Conscience, Oxf., 1644, 4to.
2. Feast of Feasts, 1644, 4to. Anon. 3. The Marrow of
1720, 8vo. With Notes by Thos. Boston, 1722-26, 2 vols.
Modern Divinity, 1644, Svo. By Rev. J. Hogg, Edin.,
8vo. The republication of this work excited a warm con-
troversy in the Church of Scotland. 4. A Christian Caveat
to the Old and New Sabbatarians, 1650, '53, 4to. Answered
Printed with the Christian Caveat, 1655.
by Dr. Collings and Giles Collier. 5. Answer to 16 Queries.
"He became a noted person among the learned for his great
reading in ecclesiastical history, and in the fathers, and for his ad-
mirable skill in the Greek and Hebrew Languages."-Athen. Oxım.
Fisher, George. Educational works, Lon., 1845, &c.
Fisher, Henry. Discord; an Epic Poem, 1794, 4to.
Fisher, J. B. 1. Pathetic Tales, Poems, &c., 1808,
12mo. 2. Poetical Rhapsodies, 1818, Svo. 3. The Her-
mitage, a Poem, 12mo.
Fisher, J. F. Early Poets of Pennsylvania.
Fisher, J. T., Surgeon. Asthma, 6th ed., 1810.
Fisher, James. The Wise Virgin; or a Wonderful
Narrative concerning Sarah Hatfield, Lon., 1653, 12mo;
1654, '64.
Fisher, James. Poems, Essays, &c., 1790-1810.
Fisher, James. The Assembly's Shorter Catechism
Explained, by J. F., Eb. Erskine, &c., 17th ed., 1813, 12mo.
Fisher, Jasper, D.D. Fuimus Troes, Eneid. 2. The
True Trojans, Lon., 1633, 4to. This play is in Dodsley's Coll.
Fisher, John, 1459-1535, a native of Beverley, York-
shire, was educated at Michael House, now Trinity Coll.,
Camb., of which he became Fellow, Proctor, and Master.
He was chaplain and confessor to Margaret, Countess of
Richmond, and was the Margaret Prof. of Divinity, 1502;
Bishop of Rochester, 1504. He was a zealous opponent
of the Reformation, and could not be persuaded by Henry
VIII. to approve of that monarch's divorce from Catherine
FIS
FIS
and marriage to Anne Boleyn. The king had a sharp ar-
gument always ready for the obstinate, and this learned
and excellent man was murdered-i. e. beheaded-by kingly
command, June 22, 1535, which sad act, rightly says Bishop
Burnet, "left one of the greatest blots upon this kingdom's
proceedings." He pub. some serms, and theolog. treatises,
a list of which will be found in the Bibl. Brit., and see
Lowndes's Bibl. Man. A collective edit. of his works was
pub. at Wurtzburg in 1595, fol. The early edits. of his
Treatise conc. the Fruitful Sayings of David, 1508, '09,
'25, '29, 4to, are of considerable pecuniary value, and his
serms. on the Countess of Richmond and on Henry VII.
were sold some years since at an auction in London for
£9 98. each. The Life of Bishop Fisher was pub. by Dr.
Bailey in 1655. A new Life, by the Rev. John Lewis,
author of the Life of Wickliffe, &c., prepared from the ori-
ginal MS. and prefaced by an Introduction, by T. Hudson
Turner, may be shortly expected. Since writing the above
this work has been pub., Lon., 1855, 2 vols. 8vo, uniformly
printed with the Clarendon Press eds. of the author's other
biographical works, Strype's Lives, &c. Erasmus gives a
noble character of this ornament of England:
"Reverendus Episcopus Roffensis, vir non solùm mirabili integri-
tate vitæ, verùm etiam alta et recondita doctrina, tum morum
quoque incredibili comitate commendatus maximis pariter ac mi-
nimis. Aut egregie fallor, aut is vir est unus. cum quo nemo sit
hac tempestate conferendus, vel integritate vitæ, vel eruditione,
vel animi magnitudine."
Fisher, John, an English Jesuit, whose true name was
Peircy, was a native of Yorkshire. He became a Jesuit in
1594, and was living in 1641. 1. Treatise of Faith, Lon.,
1600. 2. Defence of do., 1612. 3. Challenge to Protest-
ants, 1612. 4. Answer to some points of Controversy. His
Conference with Laud was first pub. in 1624, with White's
answer to Fisher's reply to K. James I. Laud's Conference
with Fisher, 6th ed., will be found in the new ed. of Laud's
works, vol. ii., Oxf., 1849. For other controversial tracts
in answer to Fisher, see Chalmers's Biog. Dict., and see
Dodd's Ch. Hist.
Fisher, John. Serms., 1723, 8vo.
Fisher, John, Vicar of St. Laurence. 15 Serms. on
several Subjects, 1741, Svo.
Fisher, John, Vicar of St. John's in Peterborough.
On Perjury; a Serm., Lon., 1753, 4to.
Fisher, John. The Valley of Llanherne (Cornwall)
and other Pieces of Verse, 1801, 12mo.
Fisher, John, 1748–1825, a native of Hampton, edu-
cated at Peterhouse, Camb., Bishop of Salisbury, 1807. A
Charge, 1805, 4to. Serin., 1806, 4to. Serm., 1807, 4to.
express the great sufferings that he had endured for his loyalty
but his palpable flatteries of the great men in the interval being
notoriously known, he could obtain nothing but what his wits pro-
cured, lived always poor, as not knowing the true value of money,
and void of a prudential foresight, and running himself much in
debt, endured several years imprisonment in the Fleet, and be
came the object of charity. He had a very good command of the
Latin pen; it being, as 'twere, natural to him, and was esteemed
by many judicious persons an excellent Latin poet. as many things
of that faculty, which he wrote purposely to flatter great persons
to obtain rewards, shew."-Allen. Ocon.
#
·
Fisher, Jonathan. A Picturesque Tour of Killarney.
With 20 Views, Map, &c., Lon., 1791, fol.
Fisher, Joseph. Marriage; a Serm., 1695, 4to.
Fisher, Rev. Joseph. 1. Remarks rel. to Lindsey's
Scrip. Confutation, 1775, Svo. Priestley's Philos. Necess.,
1779, 12mo.
Fisher, Joseph, M.D. Practice of Medicine made Easy,
Lon., 1785, 8vo. Coal Works; Trans. R. Irish Acad., v. 266.
Fisher, Miss Kitty. 1. The Juvenile Adventures
of, Lon., 1759, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Her Miscellany, with a
Dramatic Serm. by two Methodist Preachers, 1760, Svo.
Fisher, Myles, d. 1819, aged 71, a lawyer of Phila-
delphia, a member of the Society of Friends, pub. an
answer to Paine's Age of Reason.
"He was a man of science, and an eloquent orator."—Allen's
Amer. Biog. Dict.
Fisher, Nathaniel, 1742-1812, Episcopal minister
at Salem, Mass., 1781-1812, was a native of Dedham,
Mass. Serms., 1818, Svo.
Fisher, Payne, or, as he styled himself in his Latin
picces, Paganus Piscator, 1616-93, a native of Dorsetshire,
was educated at Hart Hall, Oxf., and Magdalen Coll.,
Camb. He served in the army in the Netherlands, and
subsequently in Ireland and England, where he was ad-
vanced to the rank of Major. In 1644 he served at the
siege of York, and was present at the battle of Marston
Moor, which he "celebrated in his first published poem,'
1650, 4to. He subsequently joined the Parliamentarians,
and became poct-laureate to Cromwell. Wood gives a long
list of his pieces, and, of course, speaks of him with undis-
guised contempt:
tr Being destitute of means and money, he retired in private to
London, lived there by his wits, favoured by his pen the successful
rebellion, and, as a true time-server. (incident to most poets.) ingra-
tiated himself so much with the great men then in power, that he
did homage to, and became at length poet-laureat (or, as he himself
used to say. scribbler) to Oliver, the protector of England, a pre-
tended lover of musicians and poets; but the niggardliness and
incompetency of his reward shewed that he was a personated act
of greatness, and that private Cromwell did govern prince Oliver.
After his majesty's restoration he turned about, endeavoured to
""
A collection of his poems was pub. in 1663, 8vo. His
Book of Heraldry was pub. in 1682, and an account of
The Tombs, Monuments, &c. in St. Paul's and St. Faith's.
in 1684, 4to.
Fisher, Peter. Monies raised in Suffolk, 1648.
Fisher, Philip, D.D., Master of Charterhouse. Serm.
on Eccles. ii. 1, Lon., 1811, 4to.
Fisher, R. T. Act rel. to Wills, Lon., 1837. 12mo.
Fisher, Richard Barnard. 1. Copyhold Tenure,
Lon., 1794, 8vo; 2d ed., 1803. 2. Sketch of Lisbon,
1811. 12mo. 3. Importance of the Cape of Good Hope, 1814.
Tractari-
Fisher, Robert. Serm., Prov. xxiii. 23.
anism opposed to Truth, the Safety of the Ch., &c., Lon.,
1843, Svo.
Fisher, Roger. Heart of Oak the British Bulwark,
Lon., 1763, 4to. Advocates the propagation of Oak Tim-
ber, &c. See EVELYN, JOHN; title Sylen.
Fisher, Samuel, a Quaker. The Testimony of Truth
Exalted; consisting of several Treatises, Lon., 1679, fol.
Fisher, Thomas. Warlike Directions; or, the Sol-
dier's Practice, Lon., 1643, 4to.
Fisher, Thomas. 1. Bedfordshire Antiquities, 1836,
sm. fol. £S Ss., and r. fol. £10 108. Nos. 1, 2, 3, had been
pub. in 1812, '13, r. 4to. The subjects are for the most
part inedited, and consist of Churches, Priories, Castles,
Old Houses, Door Ways, Monuments, Brasses, Tombs,
Fonts, Crosses, Ancient Sculpture, and Miscellaneous Anti-
quities. An Index is prefixed, with paginal references to
Lyson's History of the County.
2. Warwickshire Antiquities.
3 pts. not completed; 33 plates.)
Nichols, 1836, r. fol. £10 108.
(First part, 1807-09, fol.,
Edited by John Gough
6.
The ancient fresco paintings are especially curious, as having
been executed in England in an age of which, according to the
opinion of Walpole in his History of Painting, no specimens of the
Art existed. Only 120 copies were printed, and that number can-
not now be increased without an enormous expense, as many of
the plates have been destroyed.”—Løn. Gent, Mig.
Fisher, Thomas. Dial of the Seasons, Phila., Svo.
Fisher, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1580, 4to; do. 1592, Svo.
Fisher, Wm. Serm., 1716, Svo.
Fishlake, J. R. 1. Greek Grammar, Lon., Svo. 2.
Cat. of Irreg. Greek Verbs, 2d ed., 1844, Svo.
+
Buttman's Catalogue contains all these prominent irregularities
so fully and fundamentally investigated. that I was convinced a
translation of them would prove a valuable assistant to every
lover and student of Greek literature.”—Preface.
3. Lexilogus: Greek Words and Passages in Homer,
Hesiod, &c., 3d ed., 1846, Svo.
"A most able disquisition. It contains a deeper and more criti-
cal knowledge of Greek, incre extensive research, and more sound
judgment, than we ever remember to have seen in any one work
before."-Lon. Quarterly Review.
4. Larger Greek Grammar, 3d ed., by Supf, 1848, Svo.
Fisk, Prof. Educational works, pub. in Boston, Mass.
Fisk, George. An Analysis of Coke upon Littleton,
in a Series of Questions to be answd. by the Student, Lon.,
1824, Svo.
6.
This work cannot fail to be inestimable to the student desirous
of a thorough knowledge of the First Institute."-Hoffman's Leg.
Stu.. 280.
Fisk, Pliny, 1792-1825, a native of Massachusetts, a
distinguished missionary in the East, who died of a fever
at Beyroot, prepared an English and Arabic Dictionary,
and pub. several papers in the Missionary Herald. See
Alvin Bond's Life of Pliny Fisk, 1828, 12mo.
Fisk, Wilbur, D.D., d. 1839, aged 46, first President
of the Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., an emi-
nent Methodist divine, pub. several theolog. and educa-
tional works, and a vol. of Travels in Europe, which has
had a wide circulation, and been greatly admired. See
Life of Dr. Fisk by Prof. Holdich, N. York, 1842, Svo.
Fiske, Mrs. Records of Fashion, 4to, in Nos.
Fiske, John, 1601-1677, first minister of Wenham
and Chelmsford, Mass. The Olive Branch Watered; a
Catechism.
Fiske, Jonathan. 1. His Case, Lon., 1781, Sro.
2. Life and Transactions of Marq. Nicolson, 1786, Svo.
Fiske, Nathan W., Prof. of Amherst Coll., d. 1847,
in Palestine. 1. Manual of Classical Literature, based
upon the German work of J. J. Eschenburg, with large
599
FIS
FIT
addits. and a sup. vol. of plates, Phila., 1836; 4th edit.,
1843. The first three parts were pub. separately, under
the title of Classical Antiquities, 8vo. 2. Young Peter's
Tour around the World, N. York, 16mo. 3. Story of
Aleck; or, The Hist. of Pitcairn's Island, Boston, 18mo.
"His talents were, undoubtedly, of a highly respectable order,
his modesty remarkable, while the high-toned principles of honour
which governed his actions, and the meekness, humility, and
other Christian virtues which adorned his character, were such as
to endear him to those who were acquainted with him."-EDWARD
C. BIDDLE, of Phila.
Fiske, Nathan, D.D., 1733-1799, minister of Brook-
field, Mass. Serms., &c., 1775–1801.
Fiske, Oliver, d. 1837, aged 74. Medical Essays;
Miscellaneous papers.
Fissen, Major J. P. The Warning: on War, 1806.
Fiston, Wm. Germaine Empire, 1595, 4to.
Fitch, Rev. Elijah, 1745-1788, educated at Yale
Coll., was settled at Hopkinton, Mass., where he died in
the 17th year of his ministry. Poems: The Beauties of
Religion; The Choice; Providence, 1789.
Fitch, J. Receipts for making Wines, Lon., 1815.
Fitch, Jabez, 1672-1746, minister of Portsmouth,
N. Hampshire. Serms., 1727-36. He made Collections
rel. to N. H., to which Dr. Belknap had access.
Fitch, John, 1743-1798, a native of Windsor, Con-
necticut, gained more celebrity than profit by his applica-
tion of "steam power to water craft." His first experi-
ment with a steamboat (the Perseverance) on the Delaware
River was made May 1, 1787. See a description of it by Dr.
Thornton, (Eminent Mechanics, p. 32,) and a Life of Fitch
by Charles Whittlesey, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., Second
Series, vi. 81. 1. The Original Steamboat supported, &c.,
Phila., 1788, Svo. This is against Rumsey's claim to pri-
ority, as asserted in his pamphlet. Joshua Barnes pub.
an answer to Fitch, espousing Rumsey's claim, in the same
yeur, Svo.
2. An Explan. for keeping a Ship's Traverse
at Sea by the Columbian Ready Reckoner, Lon., 1793.
The diagrams and explanations contained in this book of
twenty pages show a high mathematical talent, and a gift of sim-
plification and order truly remarkable in a self-taught mind."-
Whittlesey's Biog, ubi supra.
66
In 1858 was pub. Life of John Fitch, the Inventor of the
Steamboat, by Thompson Westcott, Phila., 12mo, pp. 415.
"The book will well reward perusal; for many of his personal
adventures are stranger than most fiction, while the details with
reference to the early history of steam-navigation are copious and
bear all the marks of diligent and thorougli research."-N. Amer.
Rev., July, 1858, 283.
Fittler, James. Scotia Depicta, Lon., 1804, 4to.
Fitton, Wm., M.D. Con. to Trans. Geol. Soc., 1811.
Fitz, Asa. School-Books, pub. in Boston.
Fitz-Albion. His Letters to the Rt. IIon. Wm. Pitt
and the Rt. Hon. II. Addington, Lon., 1804, 8vo.
Fitz-Brian, B. The Good Old Cause, 1657, 4to.
Fitzclarence, Lt.-Col., Earl of Munster. Jour-
nal of a Route across India, through Egypt, to England, in
1817, 18, 4to; 1819, 4to. Bought up by the noble author.
"A lively and interesting narrative."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
“Full of various intelligence.”—Lon. Lit. Gaz.
Fitzcotton, Henry. New and accurate trans. of
the First Book of Homer's Iliad, Dubl., Lon., 1749, 8vo.
Fitz-Geffry, or Fitz-Geoffry, Charles, 1575-
1636, a native of Cornwall, educated at Broadgates Hall,
Oxf., became Rector of St. Dominick, in his own county.
1. The Life and Death of Sir Francis Drake; a Poem, Oxf.,
1596. 12mo. 2. Affanie sive Epigrammata, Lib. III., and
Cenotaphia, Lib. I., 1601, Svo. He appears, also, to have
been the author of a prose tract, entitled, A Curse for
Corne-horders, 1631, 4to, and a religious poem called The
Blessed Birth-day, 1634, '36, 4to; 1654, sm. 8vo. He also
pub. some serms., and wrote commendatory lines to several
publications. Wood erroneously ascribes to him the col-
lection of poetry entitled, Choycest Flowers, &c., known
as England's Parnassus, which belongs to Allot; but, as
Dr. Bliss suggests, Fitz-Geffry may have assisted the for-
mer. Fitz-Geffry was highly esteemed by his contempo-
raries. In the following lines we have both his mental
and physical portrait:
Blind Poet Homer you doe equalize,
Though he saw more with none, then with most eyes.
Our Geoffry Chaucer, who wrote quaintly neat,
In verse you match, equall him in conceit:
Featur'd you are like Homer in one eye.
Rightly surnam'd the sonne of Geoffery."
Hayman' Quodlibels. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.
"Fitzgeffrey obtamed the applauses of many contemporaries for
his religious strains, and not without deserving them, since he
seems to have performed better than most others what human
intellect can never adequately accomplish."-See Athen. Oxon. ;
Brydges's Phillips's Theatrum Poetarum; Censura Literaria; Brit.
Bibliographer.
4.
Fitz-Geffrey, Henry. Satyres and Epigrams,
1617, '20.
Fitzgerald, Lord. His Letter discovering a Plot.
to Kill Protestants in Ireland, Lon., 1647, 4to.
Fitzgerald, Edward. The Regent's Feat; a Poem,
1811, 4to.
Jockey Club, Lon., 1775, Svo.
Fitzgerald, George Robert. 1. Appeal to The
Jockey Club, Lon., 1775, Svo. 2. Reply to T. Walker,
1775, Svo. 3. Appeals, &c.
3. Appeals, &c. 4. Doctrine of Indict. at Com-
mon Law, &c., Dubl., 1782, 8vo. 5. The Riddle, Lon.,
1787. 4to.
Fitzgerald, Gerald, D.D., Hebrew Prof. in Dublin
University. 1. The Academic Sportsman; a Poem, Dub!
4to; Lon., 1773. 2. Originality and Permanence of the
Biblical Hebrew, Dubl., 1796, Svo.
"The object of Dr. Fitzgerald, in this volume, is to prove the di-
vine origin of the Hebrew language, and that its letters have un-
dergone no change. . . . There are considerable learning and acute-
ness discovered in this tract; but several of its positions will not
be assented to by scholars."— Orme's Bibl. Bib.
3. Poems, Svo. 4. A Hebrew Grammar for the use of
the Students of the Univ. of Dublin, 1799, Svo.
“A plain, easy, and useful introduction to the Hebrew tongue,
in English, for the use of students in our Universities, and par
ticularly in the University of Dublin.”—Lon. Monthly Rev.
"
The author has pursued an intermediate method between
adopting all the Masoretic rites and rejecting them all together,
viz., by retaining the vowel points, and such of the accents as are
most distinguishable and useful, and omitting all the other ac
cents, (the number of which is considerable,) which he deems
wholly unnecessary in the present state of the Hebrew tongue.”—
Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Fitzgerald, James.
Fitzgerald, John.
1681, fol.
Poetical Pastimes, 1811, 8vo.
Tracts on the Popish Plot,
Fitzgerald, Keane. Letter to the Directors E. I.
Company, Lon., 1777, Svo.
Company, Lon., 1777, 8vo. Steam Engine, &c., Phil.
Trans., 1757-82.
Fitzgerald, Rev. P. The Hist., Topog., and Antiq.
of Limerick, &c., by the Rev. P. F. and I. I. McGregor,
Dubl., 1826, 27, 2 vols. 8vo.
Fitzgerald, Preston. The Spaniard and Siorlamb,
and other Poems, 1810, Svo. Spain Delivered, and other
Poems, 1813, Svo.
Fitzgerald, Samuel, M.D.
Con. to Med. Com.,
1702.
Fitzgerald, Rev. Wm. Theolog. and other works,
1839-51.
Fitzgerald, Wm. Thomas. Prologues and Epi-
logues, 1793. Other poetical pieces, 1793-1814.
Fitz-Gibbon, John, Earl of Clare. See CLARE.
Fitzgibbons, John. Cases in K. B., C. P., Ex. and
Ch., 1728-33, Lon., 1732, fol.
"It is of no authority."-LORD HARDWICKE.
"The cases in this book are very incorrectly reported."—CHIEP
BARON PARKER.
The learned Judge excepted certain cases from these
censures see Wallace's Reporters; Marvin's Leg. Bibl.
Fitzhenry, James. Observ. on passages from M.
Baretti's Jour. from London to Genoa, Lon., 1770, Svo.
Fitzherbert, Sir Anthony, d. 1538, an eminent
lawyer, a native of Norbury, Devonshire, was educated at
1. Le
Oxford; Justice of the Court of C. Plens, 1523.
Graunde Abridgement, Lon., 1514, '16, '65, '77, fol. This
Books down to the 21 Hen. VII., "painfully and elabo-
valuable work contains a digest of all the cases in the Year
rately collected," and Cases from the reigns of Rich. II.,
Edw. I. and II., Hen. III., and many readings and origi-
nal authorities. It is most probable that Statham's Abridge-
ment was pub. bofore Fitzherbert's.
"The character of the Abridgements of Fitzherbert and Brooke
[see BROOKE. SIR ROBERT, in this Dictionary] may be summed up
in a few words. They are mere indexes, under general heads, of
the principal adjudged cases up to their own times, in which the
points are accurately stated. but without any attention to order,
or any attempt at classification. As repositories of the old law,
they now maintain a very considerable value, and may be cou-
sulted with advantage. Whoever examines them (for a thorough
perusal of them will be a mere waste of time) will probably feel
inclined, when he can, to ascend to the original sources; but if
these should not be within his reach, he may rely with confidence
that these learned judges have not indulged themselves in a care-
less transcription or a loose statement of the law. In our own
practice we have frequently found them the safest guides to the
old law, and particularly to the contents of the Year Books."-
JUDGE STORY: N. Amer. Rev., art. Dane's Abridgt. of Amer. Law.
See also Marvin's Leg. Bibl., and authorities there re-
ferred to. In Fulbeck's Preparative will be found a com-
parison drawn between the Abridgements of Brooke and
Fitzherbert. 2. L'Office et Auctoritie de Justices de Peace.
Written in French in 1514, trans. into English in 1538;
enlarged by Richard Crompton, 1587, 4to. See CROMP-
TON, RICHARD. Many eds. before and since this date.
-
600
FIT
FLA
New ed., 1794, 2 vols. r. 8vo. The eds. between 1652 and !
1718 vary but little. 3. The Boke of Husbandrie, 1523, 4to.
Many eds. This is the first work in the English language
entirely devoted to agriculture. 4. The Boke of Survey-
ing and Improuemēts, 1523, 4to; several eds. Respecting
these works, see Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 5. La Novel
Natura Brevium, 1534, 8vo. Between this and the New
Natura Brevium, 9th ed., so called, with a Comment.
ascribed to Sir Matthew Hale, twenty imprints appeared.
For particulars of eds., &c. of this and Sir Anthony's
other works, see Marvin's Leg. Bibl.; Bibl. Brit.; Lown-
des's Bibl. Man.
1.
The Natura Brevium is esteemed an exact work, excellently
well penn'd, and hath been much admired by the noted men in
the common law.”—Athen, Oran,
"An exact work, exquisitely penned."-LORD COKE.
"Ile is observed in this book never to cile any authority but
where the case is rare and doubtful: following herein the great
example of Sir Tho, Littleton in his famous Treatise on Tenures.
It was carefully reviewed and corrected by W. Rastal. who added
a table and some proper ornaments to what its excellent author
seems to have left unfinished."-Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist.
Lib., 190.
The Boke of Husbandrie has been ascribed to another
Anthony Fitzherbert, and also to John Fitzherbert, Sir
Anthony's brother, but we think in both cases without
sufficient reason. See Biog. Brit.: Athen. Oxon.; Shaw's
Staffordshire; Bridgman's Leg. Bibl.
Fitzherhert, E. H. See FALCONER, THOMAS.
Fitzherbert, Nicholas, 1550?-1612, grandson of the
preceding, educated at Exeter Coll., Oxf., was a zealous
Roman Catholic, and became secretary to Cardinal Alan.
1. Casa Galatai de Bonis Moribus, Rome, 1595. A trans.
from the Italian. 2. Oxoniensis in Anglia Academiæ De-
scriptio, 1602, Svo. 3. De Antiquitate et Continuatione
Catholicæ Religionis in Anglia, 1608, '38, 8vo. 4. Vitæ
Cardinalis Alani Epitome, 1608.
"Accounted eminent for his knowledge in both the laws and in
human literature.”—Athen. Ozon.
Fitzherbert, Thomas, 1552-1640, cousin of the pre-
eeding, and also a zealous Roman Catholic, was educated
at Oxford. In 1614 he became a Jesuit at Rome, and was
Rector of the English College in that city for 23 years.
He pub. a Treatise concerning Policy and Religion, Doway,
1606-10, 4to, and several tracts in defence of his Church,
for a list of which see Athen. Oxon.
Fitzherbert, Sir Wm., 1748-1791, of the same
family as the preceding, was educated at St. John's Coll.,
Camb. 1. On the Knights Made in 1778. Ascribed to
him. 2. Revenue-Laws. 3. Maxims.
Fitzhugh, George. Sociology for the South; or,
The Failure of Free Society, Richmond, 1855, 12mo.
Fitzhugh, Wm. Henry, 1792-1830, V. Pres. of Amer.
Colonization Society. 1. Essays: Opinions in favour of the
Amer. Col. Soc., pub. in Richmond Inquirer, 1826. 2.
Speech at 9th Anniversary Amer. Col. Soc. 3. Review of
Tazewell's Report in Afric. Repos., 1828.
Fitz-James, James, Duke of Berwick. See BER-
WICK.
Fitz-James, Oswald. The Wandsworth Epistle.
In Metre, Lon., 1762, 4to.
Fitz-John, Matilda. Joan!!! a Nov., 1796, 4 vols.
Fitzosborne, Sir Thomas, i. e. Melmoth, Wm.,
q. v.
Fitzpatrick, H. Penal Laws affecting R. Catholics;
pub. by order of the Catholic Committee, Dubl., 1812, Svo.
Fitzpatrick, Sir Jeremiah. Slave Trade, 1797.
Fitzpatrick, John, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1784.
Fitzpatrick, R. W. Railway Rights, Lon., 1846, Svo.
Fitzsimon, Henry, 1569-1644, a native of Dublin,
educated at Oxford, was a zealous Jesuit. He wrote a Jus-
tification of the Mass. 1611, 4to, a Cat. of the Irish Saints,
1621, Svo, and some other theolog. treatises, in defence of
his faith. See Athen. Oxon.
|
"We may challenge any nation in Europe to produce an account
of its capital, or any account of its great cities, at so remote a pe-
riod as the twelfth century,”—Dr. Pegge.
“The most noted Jesuit of his time.”—Ubi supra.
Fitzsmith, Richard. Ephemeris for 1654, 12mo.
Fitzroy, Capt. Robert. See DARWIN, CHARLES.
Fitzstephen, Wm., d. about 1191, an English histo-
rian, was a monk of Canterbury, and a devoted adherent
of Archbishop Becket, whose Life he compiled in Latin
under the title of The Life and Passion of Archbishop
Becket, written, according to Dr. Pegge, between 1170 and
1182. To this work is prefixed a description of the city of
London, the earliest we have after Domesday Book, a trans.
of which was pub. by Stowe in his Survey of London.
This edition being obsolete, and, indeed, incorrect, Dr.
Pegge pub. in 1772, 4to, an edit. with the Latin and Eng-
lish, a Commentary, a Dissert. on the Author, and various
Readings and Annotations.
Fitzwaters, Col. Petition to H. Com., 1642, 4to.
Fitzwilliam, Charles William, Earl, in conjunc-
tion with Sir Richard Bourke, edited the Correspondence
of Edmund Burke, 1774-97, Lon., 1844, 4 vols. 8vo.
Reprinted in the new ed. of Burke's Works and Corresp.,
1852, 8 vols. Svo.
Fitzwilliam, G. W. The Pleasures of Love, from
the Asiatic and European Languages, 1806; 2d ed., im-
proved.
His original poems are few in number, but they display both
taste and genius."-Anti-Jacobin Rev., 1806.
Fitzwilliam, John, D.D., Canon of Windsor. Serm.,
Len., 1683. 4to. Do., 1686, 12mo.
Fizerburtus, Nic. See FITZHERBERTt.
Fizes, M. Suppuration, Lon., 1759, Svo.
Flagg, Edmund, born in Wicasset, Maine, in 1815;
graduated at Bowdoin Coll., 1835; admitted to the bar,
1837: edited the St. Louis Daily Commercial Bulletin, 1838;
associate editor with George D. Prentice of the Louisville
Literary News-Letter, 1838-39; practised law in Vicks-
burg, Miss., with the Hon. Sargent S. Prentiss, 1840, &c.;
conductor of the Gazette, pub. at Marietta, Ohio, 1842;
conducted the St. Louis Evening Gazette, 1844–45; subse-
quently Reporter of the Courts of St. Louis county; secre-
tary to the Hon. Edward A. Hannegan, American Minister
to Berlin, 1848; subsequently practised law at St. Louis;
U. States Consul for the Port of Venice, 1850: subsequently
conductor of a democratic newspaper at St. Louis.
¡
In 1836 Mr. Flagg wrote Sketches of a Traveller, for the
Louisville Journal; these papers were afterwards pub. in
a work entitled The Far West, N. York, 1838, 2 vols. His
other works are-Carrero, or the Prime Minister: a Novel;
François of Valois: a Novel; The Howard Queen: a No-
rel; Blanche of Artois: a Novel; several other novels, and
some dramas; Venice, The City of the Sea, 1797-1849, N.
York, 1853, 2 vols. 12mo. A third vol., to be entitled North
Italy since 1849, will shortly be given to the world. See
Duyckincks' Cye. of Amer. Lit. Those who would have
a vivid conception of Venice in her latter days must not
fail to read Mr. Flagg's City of the Sea.
"A carefully-compiled, poetically-written digest of the history
of glorious old Venice."-N.Y. Knickerbocker.
Flagg, J. F. B., M.D., a resident of Philadelphia,
was b. in Boston, Mass., 1804. Ether and Chloroform:
their Employment in Surgery, Dentistry, Midwifery,
Therapeutics, &c., Phila., 1851, 12mo. This work has
been highly commended.
Fitzwilliam, William Wentworth, Earl, 1718-
1833, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 1794-95. Two Letters
to the Earl of Carlisle, explaining the Causes of his Recall
from Ireland, 1795, Svo.
Flagg, Wilson. Studies in Field and Forest, Bost.,
1856, 12mo. Highly commended by Lon. Critic, &c.
torian, a native of Moycullin, county of Galway. Ogygia,
Flaherty, or O'Flaherty, Roderic, an Irish his-
Trans. into Eng. by Rev. James Hely, Dubl., 1793, 2 vols.
seu Rerum Hibernicarum Chronologia, Lon., 1685, 4to.
Sro. See an account of this work in Ware's Ireland, by
Harris, and in Bishop Nicolson's Irish Hist. Lib. Flaherty
was something like an antiquarian: the Christian era was
mised the Duke of York: the italics are our own:
with him quite a modern date. Let us see what he pro-
6.
lis patron, the then Duke of York. afterwards King James
the Second, is encouraged to expect a complete chain of his royal
ancestors in a right line of an hundred and twenty-four generations
from Adam; whereof eleven were before the flood, twenty-six between
that epocha and their settlement here, fifty-one in Ireland, and
thirty-six in Scotland; but afterwards he seems not to be sure of
making out the regal stem, without interruption, for above 2700
years."-Bishop Nicolson's Irish Hist. Lib.
What a sad falling off! Quite a modern affair, after all.
Dr. Loftus said that among all the chronological treatises of
Ireland which he had perused, he found none written with that
exactness, diligence. and judgment, as this."-Wure's Ireland.
Flamsteed, John, 1646-1719, the first royal astro-
nomer, a native of Denby, Derbyshire, was ordained by
Bishop Gunning in 1675, and received the living of Bur-
stow, Surrey, about 1684. He was devoted to astronomical
investigations, and pub. some treatises and a number of
papers in Phil. Trans., 1672-1713. upon his favourite pur-
suit. His principal work, Historia Coelestis Britannica,
libri duo, was not pub. in a complete shape until after his
death, when the necessary additions were made, and it was
given to the world in 1725, 3 vols. fol. This contains the
places of 2934 stars. An imperfect edit. was pub. in 1712,
fol., without Flamsteed's consent. In some respects it is
said to be more accurate than the authorized edit. It con-
·
601
FLA
FLA
•
tains only 2680 stars. To the preceding work is often
joined the Atlas Cœlestis, 1729, 53, fol. Some of Flam-
steed's MSS., discovered by Mr. Francis Baily in the Ob-
servatory at Greenwich, together with some of his letters
and autobiographical memoranda, were pub. in 1835 by
order of the Lords of the Admiralty. To these we must
refer the reader, and also to the Biog. Brit.; Whiston's
Life; Lysons's Environs; Ward's Gresham Professors;
Martin's Biog. Philosophica; Hutton's Dict.; Chalmers's
Biog. Dict.
"The Historia Celestis Britannica contains our first trustworthy
catalogue of the fixed stars-the first at least which is available
for modern objects: and the mass of lunar observations made by
Flamsteed furnished Newton the means of carrying out and veri-
ying his immortal discovery of Gravitation.”—JOHN P. NICHOL,
LL.D., Profes. of Astronomy in the Univ. of Glasgow.
The following remarks of M. Sigorgne, (1719-1809,)
Member of the Sorbonne, and Professor of Philosophy in
the Univ. of Paris, are interesting in this connection:
"With respect to the primary planets, the attraction of the sun
only is sufficient to oblige them to describe ellipses, but as they
ought also to attract each other, there was some room to apprehend
that the regularity of their motion might be thereby somewhat
disturbed. We ought, however, to take Sir Isaac Newton's word
upon this head, since we shall presently see from what he has done,
that there is no reason to be in pain upon this account. According
to bis observation, bodies attract each other in a direct proportion
of the quantities of matter they contain, and the converse propor-
tion of the squares of their distances, and in this proportion it is
that the planets affect each other. Now if the Newtonian Philoso-
phy be true, there is a certain method of knowing the quantity of
matter in the planets, and consequently of calculating the force of
their impressions; such a calculation being made, it appears that
Mars, our Earth, Venus, and Mercury, attract each other so little
in proportion to the force with which they are attracted by the sun,
that the disorder arising from thence must be altogether imper-
ceptible in many revolutions; and hence there appears a wonder-
ful agreement between the principles of this philosophy and the
phænomena. But this agreement appears still more clearly in what
happens with respect to Jupiter and Saturn; the quantity of mat-
ter in Jupiter is so great, that the calculation demonstrates the
effects of its attraction upon Saturn ought to be very sensible in
the time of their conjunction. Sir Isaac Newton predicted this to
the Astronomers Flamsteed and Halley, but the former of these
great men gave no credit at all to that prediction. However, the
conjunction of those two planets approaching, this singular obser-
vation was made for the first time, and the consequence was, that
the calculation was exactly verified. This procured the Newtonian
Philosophy the approbation of so great an Astronomer as Flam-
steed; indeed it would have been very difficult for him to have
denied it."-Preface aux Institutions Newtoniennes, p. xvii., xviii.
"Galileo Galilei was the first who discovered four planets moving
constantly round Jupiter, from thence usually called his satellites,
which afterwards were observed to have a constant, regular, and
periodical motion. This motion is now so exactly known, that Mr.
Flamsteed, who is one of the most accurate observers that ever
was, has been able to calculate tables of the eclipses of the several
satellites, according to which, Astronomers in different quarters
of the world. having notion of the precise time when to look for
them, have found them to answer to his predictions, and published
their observations accordingly."-DR. WM. WOTTON: Reflexions
upon Ancient and Modern Learning.
"Mr. Flamsteed, with indefatigable pains, for more than forty
years, watch 'd the motions of the stars, and has given us innu-
merable observations of the sun, moon, and planets, which he made
with very large instruments exactly divided by most exquisite art,
and fitted with telescopical sights."-DR. JOHN KEIL: Pref, to his
Introduc. to the true Philos. See Biog. Brit.
Flanagan, S. W. and C. Kelly. Reports in Chan.
Rolls Ct. temp. Sir M. O'Loghlen, Dubl., 1843, 8vo.
Flanders, Henry, b. at Plainfield, New Hampshire.
1. A Treatise on Maritime Law, Bost., 1853, 8vo.
"It has been carefully and elegantly written, the authorities are
numerous, and appear to be cited with exactness, and within its
scope, it forms a complete treatise on the subject which it em-
braces."-Phila. Leg. Intel.
2. A Treatise of the Law of Shipping, Phila., 1853, 8vo.
"I think it is a valuable addition to our stock of Maritime
Laws. and that the author is well grounded in his trust that he
had done the profession some service. I have only been able to
bring it to their further notice. by citing it in the second edition
of my third volume of the Law of Evidence, now in press."-S.
GREENLEAF: Cambridge, Sept. 5, 1853.
3. Lives and Times of the Chief Justices of the United
States: First Series. 1. John Jay. 2. John Rutledge,
Phila., 1855, 8vo.
“Mr. Flanders has written his work in a clear and concise style,
and has mingled with the biographical notices enough of the in-
cidents and stirring mementoes of those times. to make the work
exceedingly interesting.”—Norton's (N. York) Lit. Gaz.
•
Mr. Flanders has fully comprehended the difficulties and du-
ties of his task, and has accomplished it with great skill and com-
pleteness. The author has access to original sources of in-
formation, and considerable matter hitherto unpublished, shedding
new light on our earlier history, will be found in its pages."-
American Law Register.
+
-
M
Second Series-Wm. Cushing, Oliver Ellsworth, and John
Marshall-was pub. in 1858, 8vo: see VAN SANTVOORD,
GEORGE. 4. Memoirs of Richard Cumberland, with Notes,
1856, Svo: see CUMBERLAND, RICHARD.
Flather, John. 1. Index to Equity Reports, 1808-
22, Lon., r. 8vo, 1823–25. This forms a supt. to Bridg-
man's Equity Digest. 2. Ct. of Bkrupt. Act, 1832,
12mo. 3. New Bkrupt. Act, 2d ed., 1842, 12mo. 4. New
Stat. rel. to Insolv. & B., 1845, 12mo. 5. Bkrupt. Law
Consol. Act, 1849, 12mo.
Flatman, Thomas, 1633-1672, a native of London,
educated at Oxford, was skilled in law, painting, and
poetry. A collection of poems, entitled Virtus Rediviva,
&c., by T. F., pub. in 1660, may be his, but Wood will not
affirm it. In addition to minor pieces of his in verse and
prose, pub. separately, there appeared in 1674, '86, Svo,
a collection of his poems and songs; also pub. 1676, '82,
'S6. He composed Pindaric Odes on the death of the
Duke of Albemarle, the Earl of Ossory, Prince Rupert,
and Charles II. For that on the Earl of Ossory, the
Duke of Ormond, his father, presented the author with a
diamond ring worth £100. Granger does not value his
Pindarics very highly:
•
"Flatman really excelled as an artist: a man must want ears
for harmony that can admire his poetry, and even want eyes that
can cease to admire his painting. It does our author some honour
that Mr. Pope has very closely copied several of his verses, in his
ode of The Dying Christian to his Soul.' . . . Some of his taste-
less contemporaries thought him equally excellent in both; but
one of his heads is worth a ream of his Pindaries; I had almost
said all the Pindaries written in this reign. His works are ex-
tremely scarce.
tremely scarce."-Bing. Hist. of Eng.
Oldys, in the following epigram, refers to the three facul-
ties in which he was skilled, viz.: Law, Painting, and Poetry:
"Should Flatman for his client strain the Laws,
The painter gives some colour to the cause;
Should critics censure what the Poet writ,
The pleader quits him at the bar of wit."
Charles Cotton highly commends Flatman's poems and
songs.
"these with force are writ,
As full of sinewy strength as well as wit.”
It appears from the following bit of gossip of old An-
thony Wood-who dearly loves a sly joke-that Master
Flatman, like many bachelors of modern times, sometimes
amused himself with ridiculing the connubial happiness
which he afterwards gladly embraced:
"This person was in his younger days much against marriage,
to the dislike of his father, and made a song describing the cum-
brances with it, beginning thus:
'Like a dog with a bottle ty'd close to his tail,
Like a tory in a bog, or a thief in a jayle,' &c.
But being afterwards smitten with a fair virgin. and more with
her fortune, [unkind Anthony !] did espouse her, 26th Nov., 1672,
whereupon his ingenious comrades did serenade him that night
with the said song."-Athen. Oxon.
The Paradise Lost of Milton illus-
Sculptors, Artists, &c., Lon., 1851, fol.
Tractatus de Demonstratione, Oxon.,
This is just such a story as we might expect from such
a crusty old bachelor as Anthony a Wood.
Flatters, J. J.
trated: 54 Plates for
Flavel, John.
1619, Svo.
Flavel, John, 1627?-1691, an eminent Nonconformist
Calvinistic divine, a native of Worcestershire, was edu-
cated at University Coll., Oxf.; Rector of Diptford, De-
vonshire, about 1650; removed to Dartmouth, 1656;
ejected for nonconformity, 1662. He was an excellent man,
and full of zeal in the cause of religion. 1. Husbandry
Spiritualized, Lon., 1669, 4to. 2. A Saint Indeed, 1673,
1803, 8vo. 3. Divine Conduct, 1678, 1814, Svo; 1691,
12mo. 4. The Touchstone of Sincerity, 1679, 8vo. 5. Per-
sonal Reformation, 1691, 12mo. 6. Remains, 1691, 8vo.
7. Expos. of the Assemblie's Catechism, 1692, 8vo. 8. The
Soul of Man, 1698, 4to. 9. Method of Grace, 1698, 4to.
Works, 1673, 2 vols. fol.; 1701, 2 vols. fol.; 1740, 2 vols.
fol.; Paisley, 1770, 6 vols. Svo; Newcast., 1797, 6 vols.
8vo. Other eds. Many of his separate pieces have been
frequently pub.
New ed. of works, 1820, 6 vols. 8vo. Select Works, by
1833, Svo. Among the most esteemed of his works are
C. Bradley, 1823, 2 vols. 12mo. Select Works, with Life,
Husbandry Spiritualized, Navigation Spiritualized, The
writings of but few authors have been so highly com-
Fountain of Life, Method of Grace, Divine Conduct. The
mended as those of John Flavel.
"Plain, popular, and tender; proper to address afflicted cases,
and to melt the soul in love. His Token for Mourners is inimi-
table. Allusions to Pagan stories both in Butes and him are en-
tertaining and useful.”—DR. DODDRIDGE.
"In Flavel you will find the true savour of plain, lively, useful
preaching."-ČOTTON MATHER.
• Fervent and affectionate, with a masterly hand at probing the
conscience and striking the passions."-HERVEY.
and his printed Sermons, which are a model for preachers, prove
"Of Mr. Flavel's learning, his works contain sufficient evidence,
him to have been a master of that species of eloquence which reigns
over the heart.”—BOGUE AND BENNLTT.
602
FLA
FLE
"There are few writers of a more unexceptionable, experimental, Arts and in letters, we quote his opinion of Flaxman's Le
affectionate, practical. popular, and edifying character than Fla-
vel."-Bickersteth's C. S.
tures:
The Token for Mourners is included in the vol. entitled
The Mourner's Companion, 1825, 12mo. See GORDON,
ROBERT.
Flavel, Phineas. The Grand Evil of the Disciple's
Heart Discovered, Lon., 1676, 8vo.
..
These Lectures, as literary compositions, containing a clear
and commanding view of sculpture, ancient and modern-abun
dant in just sentiments and wise remarks, and such professional
precepts as only experience can supply-merit more regard than
they have as yet received. The account of the Gothic sculpture
in England is as rich as a chapter of old romance, and infinitely
more interesting. The whole of the Lectures on Beauty and Com-
position ought to be familiar to the mind of every student. The
order of their arrangement is natural. and there is good sense and
a feeling for all that is noble and heroic scattered over every
page."
Flaxman, John, 1755-1826, an eminent English
sculptor, was a native of York, but at an early age removed
to London with his father, a manufacturer of plaster casts.
As a boy, much of his time was occupied in making mo-
dels in clay, which evinced a remarkable genius for the
art in which he afterwards became so eminent. In 1787
he visited Rome, where, during a residence of seven years,
he executed his celebrated designs in outline from Homer,
Aschylus, and Dante. The three series were engraved for
him by Piroli. The designs from the Iliad and Odyssey
were inade for Mr. Hare Naylor; those from Dante for
Mrs. Thomas Hope; and those from schylus for the late
Countess Spencer. The Homer was pub. in 1793, 4to;
again, with addit. plates, 1805, 2 vols. fol.; the Eschylus
in 1795; again, 1831, fol.; Dante in 1807, ob. fol.; Hesiod
-made after his return to England, 1817, ob. fol. There
have been Italian, French, and German eds., of which we
notice especially the Œuvres de Flaxman, par M. Nitot,
Dufresne, Paris, 1823, which contains the Homer, Es-
chylus, and Hesiod, with text. Whilst at Rome, he also
executed for the late Earl of Bristol his magnificent group,
representing the Fury of Athamas, from Ovid's Metamor-
phoses, consisting of four figures larger than life. For
this he received a sum insufficent to defray the cost-
£600. This group is preserved at Ickworth, the seat of
the Earl of Bristol, in Suffolk. At this period also he
produced his "Cephalus and Aurora," for Mr. Hope. In
1794 he returned to England, and commenced the monu-
ment to Lord Mansfield, now in Westminster Abbey, for
which he had received an order before he left Rome. For
this he was paid £2500. Among his other works may be
mentioned the monument to Lord Nelson, the figure of
Sir Joshua Reynolds, the monument to the family of Sir
Francis Baring, in Micheldean Church, Satan and Mi-
chael, for Lord Egremont, the monument to Collins, the
poet, in Chichester Cathedral, the monument to Miss
Cromwell, to Earl Howe, to Warren Hastings, to Lord
and Lady Palmerston, and the beautiful design of The
Shield of Achilles, (See Homer's Iliad, Book xviii.) for
Messrs. Rundell and Bridge. For this last he received
£620, and four casts of it were taken in silver gilt, each
estimated at £2000. This is one of his greatest productions.
"A divine work, unequalled in the combination of beauty;
Vanity, and grandeur, which the genius of Michael Angelo could
not have surpassed."-SIR THOMAS LAWRENCE.
Life of Dryden; but Southey thinks more favourably of
Malone unites in Dryden's ridicule of Flecknoe-see his
him-see Southey's Omnia.
Muses; and he had a greater propensity to Riming than a Genius
"His acquaintance with the Nobility was more than with the
...
In 1831 (ob. fol.) were pub. his eight beautiful composi-
tions of The Acts of Mercy, in the manner of ancient
sculpture, engraved, in imitation of the original drawings,
by F. C. Lewis. His Lectures on Sculpture, as delivered
by him at the Royal Academy, illustrated by 52 plates,
appeared in 1829. New ed., with addits., and an Address
on the Death of Flaxman, 1838, Svo. We have already
lingered over the memory of this eminent sculptor for a
greater length of time than can well be justified in a Dic-
tionary of Literature, but cannot conclude without record-
ing some tributes from eminent authorities to the merits
of one who has been denominated by judges of no con-
temptible authority-including even Canova himself-the
greatest sculptor of modern times.
to Poetry. He never could arrive, with all his industry, to get
but one play to be acted, [Love's Kingdom; it had the misfortune
to be damn'd by the Audience, and yet he has printed several.
But Mr. Fecknoe was to make the best of a Bad Market; and
since he could not get his Plays acted. he was to endeavour to get
would supply the defect of Action."-Langbuine's Dramatic Ports.
them read, by laburing to persuade people that Imagination
"The last thing that Flecknoe would think of as the cause of
his plays being rejected, was his own want of merit. It is probable
he had not the slightest suspicion of such a thing. He seems,
indeed, to have been a vain, busy coxcomb, who thought it genteel
'rather to affect,' to use his own expression. a little negligence
than too great curiosity' in his writings. He attempted to write
smartly rather than tersely; wittily rather than seriously; ingeni-
ously rather than profoundly. But although he has not the
"The greatest of modern sculptors was our illustrious country-slightest claim to be considered a man of genius, we cannot deny
man, John Flaxman. He not only had all the fine feeling of the
him the praise of fancy and ingenuity; and that he had these two
ancient Greeks, (which Canova in a degree possessed.) but united qualities we shall proceed to adduce our proofs."-Lox. Retrospec
to it a readiness of invention and a simplicity of design truly asto-
Rev., v. 267, 268, 1822.
nishing. Though Canova was his superior in the manual part,
high finishing, yet in the higher qualities, poetical feeling, and in-
vention, Flaxman was as superior to Canova as Shakspeare to the
dramatists of his day."-SIR RICHARD WESTMACOTT.
See, in addition to works cited above, Cibber's Lives;
Ware's Ireland, by Harris; Ellis's Specimens.
Fleet, Charles. Four Serms., Salisb., 1796, Svo.
Fleet, Edward. Address & Reply, Lon., 1777, Svo.
Fleetwood, Mrs. Let. to Mr. Madan rel. to the rec-
tory of Aldwinkle, Lon., 1767, 8vo.
"Flaxman was one of the few-the very few-who confer real
and permanent glory on the country to which they belong. His
genius was of that vast and lofty nature which is beyond the reach
of ordinary or immediate appreciation, and which grows gradually
and imperceptibly on the estimation of mankind. His unequalled
compositions from Homer, Eschylus. and Hesiod, have long been
the admiration of Europe. Of their simplicity and beauty the pen
is quite incapable of conveying an adequate impression. . . . Not
even in Raffaele have the gentler feelings and sorrows of human
nature been traced with more touching pathos than in the various |
designs and models of this estimable man."-SIR THOMAS LAWRENCE.
Fleetwood, Charles, Lord-Deputy of Ireland during
the Usurpation. His Petition to the Parliament of Eng.,
1659, fol.
1659, fol. IIis Answer, &c., 4to.
<. Flaxman has translated Dante best. for he has translated it into
the universal language of nature."-LORD BYRON,
"The progeny of Flaxman's pencil and chisel were of the highest
rank: there is a prodigious affluence of imagination in all his
sketches and drawings."-ALLAN CUNNINGHAM.
As Mr. Cunningham was equally at home in the Fine
But we have seen that the only one who could complain
of Flaxman having the first post assigned to him among
modern sculptors bad consented to the verdict that places
him in this proud position. We give his own words:
"You come to Rome, and admire my works, while you possess,
in your own country. in Flaxman, an artist whose designs excel
in classical grace all that I am acquainted with in modern art."—
CANOVA.
Flaxmer, Sarah. Satan Revealed, &c., with a Tes-
timony that R. Brothers is a Prophet from the Lord, 4to.
Fleckie, Andrew. Answer to Sir F. Burdett's arg.
rel. to the power of the H. of Com. to imprison persons not
Members, Lon., 1810, 8vo.
Flecknoe, Richard, an English poet and dramatist,
temp. Charles II., is better known from Dryden's having
borrowed his name as a scourge for the punishment of
Shadwell, than for his own productions. Dryden held
Flecknoe in great contempt, which was naturally aug-
mented when the latter was named poet-laureate in his
stead. Shadwell subsequently held the same office, and
hence Dryden ridicules him as the poetical son of Flecknoe.
1. The Affections of a Pious Soul unto Christ, Lon., 1640,
Svo. 2. Miscellanea, or Poems of all Sorts; with divers
other pieces, 1653, 12mo. 3. Diarium, &c., 1656, 12mo.
4. Love's Dominion; a Dramatic Piece, 1654. Reprinted
as Love's Kingdom; a Pastoral Tragi-Com., 1664, 12mo.
At the end of Love's Dominion is a Short Treatise on the
English Stage
Which I take to be the best thing he has extant."—Lang-
baine's Dramat. Poets.
5. Heroic Portraits, &c., 1660, Sro. 6. Ermina, or The
la Mode, 1667, 4to. S. Sir Wm. D'Avenant's Voy. to the
Chast Lady; a Tragi-Com., 1661, 4to. 7. Damoiselles à
Characters, 1669, 70, 73, '75, Svo.
other World, 1668, Svo. 9. Epigrams and Enigmatical
10. Marriage of Oce-
anus and Britannia. 11. A Relation of Ten Years Travel
in Europe, Asia, Affrique, and America, by way of Letters;
with other Historical, Moral, and Political Pieces; sine
anno, sed circa 1654, Svo.
Fleetwood, Everard. Inquiry into the Customary
Estates, &c. of those who hold lands of Church and other
foundations, &c., 1731, 8vo; Dubl., 1748, Sro. Answered
by Heury Gally, D.D., in the same year.
Fleetwood, John, D.D. 1. The Christian Prayer
Book, Lon., 1772, 12mo. 2. Christian Dictionary, 1773,
4to. 3. Life of Christ, and the Lives of the Apostles, John
the Baptist, and the Virgin Mary, Glasg., 1813, Svo. Fre-
quently printed.
603
FLE
FLE
1
Fleetwood, Col. William. An Unhappy View
of the Behaviour of my Lord Duke of Buckingham at the
Isle of Rhée, Lon., 1648.
Fleetwood, William, d. 1603, Recorder of London
temp. Elizabeth.
1. Oration, Lon., 1571, 12mo. 2. Anna-
lium tam Regum Edwardii V., &c., 1579, '97.
"Rather looked on as a table or index to the year-book than
any historical treatise.”—Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib.
3. Office of a Justice of the Peace, 1657, Svo, Posth.
4. Table on the Reports of Edmund Plowden, in French.
5. Latin Verses prefixed to Sir Thos. Chaloner's Repub.
Anglorum instauranda. 6. Notes upon Lambarde's Archei-
on.
He is said to have contributed to the last of the old
edits. of Holinshed.
Fleetwood, William, D.D., 1656-1723, of the same
family with Lord-Deputy Charles Fleetwood, was born in
the Tower of London. He was educated at Eton and
King's Coll., Camb., and became Rector of St. Austin's,
London, and Lecturer of St. Dunstan's in the West; Canon
of Windsor, 1702; Bishop of St. Asaph, 1706; trans. to
Ely, 1714. He pub. a number of serms., theolog. treatises,
&c.; see Bibl. Brit. Weston ascribes to him a work not
mentioned by Watt, viz., Curiosities of Nature and Art in
Husbandry and Gardening, 1707, Svo. His Essay on Mi-
racles, 1701, Svo, excited some controversy, and elicited
treatises by Bishop Hoadly and Gilbert.
"The two main Principles of this Book-that none but God can
work a true Miracle, and that it cannot be supposed that a true
Miracle was ever wrought in opposition to a doctrine established
on true principles-were opposed by Bp. Hoadly in a letter to Bp.
Fleetwood, Svo. 1702; and the reading of the two tracts occasioned
Mr. Locke writing his Discourse on Miracles.”
Among the best known of Fleetwood's works is Chroni-
con Preciosum: an Account of Money, Price of Corn,
Wages, &c., in England, for 600 Years last past, 1707, Svo;
2d ed., 1745, Svo.
"This work contains the best account of prices published in
England previously to that given by Sir F. M. Eden."-McCulloch's
Lit. of Polit. Econ.
A collective edit. of his works was pub. in 1737, fol.,
under the title of A Complete Collection of the Sermons,
Tracts, and Pieces of all kinds, that were written by Bishop
Fleetwood. He was considered the best preacher of his
day. When one of the ladies of the bed-chamber asked
the Queen whom she intended to make Bishop of St. Asaph,
her Majesty replied:
"One whom you will be pleased with; whom you have lately
heard preach [he had just officiated as chaplain]: I intend it for
Dr. Fleetwood.”
His sermons are recommended by Bishop Cleaver.
"Surnamed silver-tongued-remarkable for easy and proper ex-
pressions. He considers several cases, which, though often occur-
ring in human life, are seldom taken notice of in sermons.
On
this account he may be consulted with advantage. In respect of
true politeness he has been equalled by few. His sermons on Rela-
tive Duties are good:-but his Four Funeral Sermons show the
orator much more."-DR. Doddridge.
Dr. Doddridge refers to the serm. on 1. The death of Q.
Mary; 2. The Duke of Gloucester; 3. K. William; 4. Mr.
Noble.
Fleming and Tibbins. Royal Dictionary of the
Royal Dictionary of the
French and Eng. Languages, Lon., 1849, 2 vols. 4to, £3 38.
Amer. ed. by J. Dobson, Phila., Svo; another ed., sq. 12mo.
Incomparably the best dictionary of the two languages ex-
tant."-Lon. Athenaeum.
66
Fleming, Abraham, Rector of St. Pancras, London,
was known in his day as an industrious translator from the
Latin and Greek, and as the author of some minor devo-
tional and other pieces, which are now known only to the
literary antiquary. His publications range from 1575 to
1586. He trans. from Virgil, Elian, Cicero, Tully, Iso-
crates, Pliny, Synesius, &c. His Manual of Prayers was
pub. in 1586, 16mo, and his Verborum Latinorum, &c., in
1583, fol. Notices of his picces will be found in Herbert,
Peck, Ritson. Tanner, Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poetry, Cen-
sura Lit., and the Brit. Bibliog.
"I must not forget that the same Webb [Wm.] ranks Abraham
Fleming, as a translator, after Barnabie Gorge. the translator of
Palingenius's Zodiack, not without a compliment to the poetry and
learning of his brother Samuel, whose excellent inventions, he
adds. had not yet been made public.”— Wurton's Hist. Eng. Poet,
Fleming, Alexander, minister of Neilston, Renfrew-
shire, pub. Letters and Answers in 1808 rel. to the intro-
duction of an organ-the first attempt since the Reforma-
tion-into the Church of Scotland. He also pub. Letters to
a Young Friend, 1810. Examination of Resolutions, &c.,
1814, 8vo.
Fleming, Caleb, 1698-1779, a Socinian, in 1752 suc-
ceeded Dr. James Foster, at Pinner's Hall. He pub. many
theolog. treatises, principally controversial, 1735-78, which
are now forgotten. His Survey of the Search after Souls,
by Coward, Clarke, Baxter, Law, &c., was pub, in 1758, 8vo.
"His writings might have been more generally acceptable and
useful. if they had been free from a certain quaintness and obs-u-
rity of style. Aiming at originality and strength of expression, he
often lost perspicuity, and never attained to elegance.-Dr. Kip
pis's Life of Lardner.
Fleming, Curtis. Serm., &c., 1795, Svo.
Fleming, Giles. 1. Serm., Lon., 1634. 2. Stemma
Sacrum the Royal Progeny delineated, 1660, Svo.
Fleming, James. Irish and Eng. Statutes rel. to his
Majesty's Revenues in Ireland, Dubl., 1741, 4to.
Fleming, James, Surgeon and Man-midwife. Tren-
tise on the Formation of the Human Species, &c., Lon.,
1768, 12mo.
Fleming, John, D.D., Prof. of Nat. Philos. in the
Univ. and King's Coll., Aberdeen. 1. On a Bed of Fossil
Shells. Annals of Phil., 1814. 2. Junction of the Rivers
and the Sea. Trans. Roy. Soc., Edin., 1817. 3. Mollusc
ous Animals, including Shell Fish, Lon., 1837, p. Svo.
"Distinguished by a perfect knowledge of the very curious and
interesting subject of which it treats, by a severe and searching
analysis of the evidence, and a clear and masterly arrangement of
the multifarious details connected with it."-Glasg. Constitutional.
4. Hist. of British Animals, 1842, Svo. A work of high
authority.
Fleming, Malcolm. See FLEMYNG.
Fleming, Patrick, baptized Christopher, 1599–
1631, an Irish Catholic Franciscan, Lecturer on Divinity
at Prague, was murdered by some peasants, when that city
was besieged by the Elector of Saxony in 1631. 1. Col-
lectanea Sacra, or Lives of Irish and Scotch Saints, with
edits. by Thos. Sirini, Louvain, 1667, fol. 2. Abridgt. of
Chronicon consecrati Petri Ratisbona. He supplied Ward
with materials for his Lives of the Irish Saints. The works
of the three abbots, Columban, Aileran, and Cumean, in
the Bibl. Patrum, are avowedly taken from Fleming.
Fleming, Peter. Land Surveying, Pt. 1, Glasg.,
1815, 4to.
Fleming, Robert, 1630-1694, a native of Bathens,
Scotland, was educated at the Univ. of Edin., and at that
of St. Andrew's, where he studied divinity under Samuel
Rutherford. He became minister at Cambuslang, Clydes-
dale; ejected, 1662; took charge of a Scotch congregation
at Rotterdam, where he died in 1694. 1. The Fulfilling
of the Scripture, in three Parts, Lon., 1681, 2 vols. 12mo;
many eds.; 5th and best ed., with Author's Life and a Fu-
neral Serm. by Daniel Burgess, 1726, fol.
“An elaborate view of the operations of Providence in preserving
the Church through all the vicissitudes of ecclesiastical history."
2. Serm. and Discourses, 1692-1704. 3. The Confirming
Work of Religion, 1693, sm. Svo.
Fleming, Robert, Jr., d. 1716, son of the preceding,
and a native of Scotland, was educated at home, at Ley-
den, and at Utrecht. He became minister of the English
church at Leyden, subsequently of the Scotch church at
Amsterdam, and afterwards of a Scotch church at Loth-
bury, London. 1. Poet. Paraphrase on the Song of Solo-
mon, with other Poems, Lon., 1691, Svo. 2. Funl. Serm.,
1692, 8vo. 3. Discourses on several subjects, viz.-The
Rise and Fall of Papacy, &c., 1701, Svo; 1st ed. of great
rarity. The first Discourse was repub. in 1793, Svo, under
the title of Apocalyptical Key. Late eds., entitled The
Rise and Fall of Papacy, 1848, 49, '50. In this celebrated
discourse are many predictions which coincide most re-
markably with events in the early history of the French
Revolution, at the close of the last century. Fleming in
1701 expressed his belief that the Fifth Vial would be
poured out on the Sign of the Beast, beginning in 1794,
and more especially in 1848, in which he expected that
those events would commence which would undermine
Papal authority, and lead to its complete destruction.
ples of interpretation."-Ch. of Eng. Quar. Rev.
The remarkable conjectures of Fleming rest on sound princi-
6.
+6
Perhaps the most remarkable work on Prophecy that has ever
appeared."-Lon. Watchman.
4. Discourse on the Death of King William, 1702, 8vo.
5. Christology, 1705-08, 3 vols. 8vo. Abridged, Edin.,
1795, 8vo.
"The author did not complete his plan, which is much to be re-
gretted as he possessed a powerful and very original mind. Many
ingenious thoughts occur in the Christology, and many passages
of Scripture are placed in a new light."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Many original remarks and valuable thoughts.”—Bickersteth's
C. S.
6. The First Resurrection, 1708. 7. Discourses, Edin.,
1790, 12mo. 8. Discourse and Serm., 1793, Svo.
9. Spe-
culum Davidicum Redivivum. 10. Theocrity; or the Di-
vine Right of Nations. 11. The Mirrour of Divine Love;
with a Dramatic Poem called the Monarchical Image, or
Nebuchadnezzar's Dream. 12. The Hist. of Hereditary
Right. Fleming was eminent for piety and learning.
GO1
FLE
FLE
Fleming, Samuel. 1. Merits and Demerits of Oppo-
sition, 1797, 8vo. 2. Utility of the Learned Languages,
1807, 8vo.
Fleming, Rev. Thomas. Agitation of the waters
of Loch Tay; Trans. Roy. Soc., Edin., 1788.
Fleming, Rev. W., d. 1742.
Rev. Erasmus Head.
Poetical Epistle to the
Fleming, Wm.,D.D. Gazetteer of the O. and N. Tests.,
with Nat. Hist. of the Bible, &c., Edin., 1838, 2 vols. r. 8vo.
Flemming, Rev. Francis. Kaffraria and its in-
habitants, Lon., 1853, p. 8vo.
Flemming, or Flemmynge, Robert, d. 1483, Dean
of Lincoln, 1451, nephew of Richard Flemming, Bishop of
Lincoln, wrote a Dictionarum Græco-Latinum, Carinina di-
versi generis, Epistolarum ad diversas, a Latin Poem in
praise of Pope Sixtus IV., &c. See Biog. Brit.; Leland;
Bale; Pits.
Flemyng, or Fleming, Malcolm, M.D., of Brigg,
pub. several professional works, a list of which will be
found in the Bibl. Brit.
Flesher, Rev. John, editor of Arvine's Cye. of Moral
and Religious Anecdotes, Lon. and Glasg., 1850, 12mo.
See ARVINE, T.
Flesher, Thomas. The Laws of Honour, or an Ac-
count of the Suppression of Duels in France, Lon., 1685,
Svo, pp. 198. Dedicated to Henry Howard, Duke of Nor-
folk. See SABINE, LORENZO. We have already, more than
once, in the course of this volume, expressed our views
respecting the so-called Laws of Honour.
Fleta. See SELDEN, JOHN.
Fletcher. Charge to Grand Jury of Wexford, 1815.
Fletcher, Abraham, 1714-1793, a self-taught mathe-
matician, botanist, and physician, of obscure parentage,
was a native of Little Broughton, Cumberland. 1. Uni-
versal Measurer, Whitehaven, 1753, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Uni-
versal Measurer and Mechanic, Lon., 1763, Svo.
Fletcher, Alexander, D.D., of Finsbury Chapel,
London. 1. The Devotional Family Bible, Lon., 2 vols.
4to. 2. Guide to Family Devotion, containing 730 Hymns,
730 Prayers, and 730 Passages of Scripture, with appro-
priate Reflections, 4to; 30th ed. of 1000 each.
<<
30,000 copies of a book of common prayer, recommended by 25
distinguished ministers. whose names are given. and who include
some of the most prominent of the day, cannot be dispersed
throughout England without working some considerable change
in the minds of probably 200,000 persons."-Lon. Times.
The sale to 1850 had reached from 40,000 to 50,000
copies. Testimonials have also been sent by nearly 100
divines of America. 3. Sabbath School Preacher, 1849,
12mo. 4. Addresses to the Young, 1851, fp. Svo.
"We do not know of any terms that can adequately express the
value of these Addresses."-British Mothers Magazine.
"For simplicity of style, attractiveness of formi, richness of theo-
logy, and touching illustrative facts, these Addresses are unri-
valled." Wesley Bunner.
"A little work of great merit. Dr. Fletcher, better than any
other living man, is fitted for a juvenile auditory. It is a charm-
ing volume for the young."-Standard of Freedom.
-
5. Mental Culture; Addressed especially to Young Men
engaged in Commercial Pursuits, with an Introduction by
Dr. A. F.; 7th thousand.
"Small in size, but very considerable in value. We are not a
little pleased to find that 7000 copies of it are now in the hands
of the public-a fact that speaks well for the young men of our
day.”—British Banner.
Mr. Fletcher is the author of several other works.
Fletcher, Andrew, 1653-1716, a son of Sir Robert
Fletcher, of Saltoun, Scotland, filled several political posts
of importance, and was distinguished for his republican
zcal. He pub. discourses on the Affairs of Scotland, on
Government, Speeches, &c. A collection of his Political
Works was pub., Lon., 1722, Svo; eds. in 1732, '37, Svo;
Glasg., 1749, 12mo.
"A zealous asserter of the liberties of the people."
This work contains two discourses concerning the affairs
of Scotland, written in 1693.
"The indignities and oppression Scotland lay under galled him
to the heart, so that in his learned and elaborate discourses he ex-
posed them with undaunted courage and pathetic eloquence."-
LOCKHART.
An Essay on his Life and Writings was pub. by the Earl
of Buchan. See BUCHAN, DAVID. See Chambers's Lives
of Illust. and Dist. Scotsmen. A notice of his Works will
be found in the Retrosp. Rev., iv. 100-115.
"He was by far the most nervous and correct speaker in the
parliament of Scotland, for he drew his style from the pure models
of antiquity, and not from the grosser practical oratory of his con-
temporaries; so that his speeches will bear a comparison with the
best speeches of the reign of Queen Anne, the Augustan age of,
Great Britain."-EARL OF BUCHAN.
"He was always au admirer of both ancient and modern repub-
| lies. but showed a sincere and honest inclination towards the
honour and interest of his country."-LOCKHART.
A contemporary writer applauds him as
"A gentleman steady in his principles. of nice honour, with
abundance of learning; brave as the sword he wears, and bold es
a lion-a sure friend, and an irreconcilable enemy-would lose
his life readily to serve his country, and would not do a base thing
to save it."
The sentiment of the last clause is admirable, and pre-
sents an honourable contrast to the foolish and wicked
maxim of "Our country right or wrong.' Heaven is
always in the right; and when my country is wrong, I lack
either principle or courage if I refuse or fear to condemn
her. The eternal distinction between right and wrong is
older than my country and holier than my prejudices.
It is in a Letter to the Marquis of Montrose, &c., en-
titled, An Account of a Conversation, &c., Edin., 1704, Svo,
that occurs a celebrated saying, erroneously ascribed to
the Earl of Chatham:
"I knew a very wise man that believed that if a man were per
mitted to make all the ballads, he need not care who should make
the laws, of a nation."
""
1800. 2 vols. 12mo. In association with Saud F. Dutton.
Fletcher, Anne. Study of Hist. rendered Easy, Lon..
Fletcher, Rev. Anthony. Certaine very proper and
most profitable similes, Lon., 1595, 4to. A religious work.
Royal Burghs, Edin., 1819, 8vo. 2. Examination rel. to
Fletcher, Archibald. 1. Reform proposed in the
do., 1825. Svo.
Fletcher, Benjamin. His Treaty with the Indians
of the Five Nations. N. York, 1694, Svo.
Fletcher, C. Estates of Trustees, Lon., 1835, 12mo.
of Seamen, Dubl., 1786, Svo.
Fletcher, Charles, M.D. 1. Maritime State; Health
2. The Cock-Pit; a Poem,
1787, 4to. 3. The Naval Guardian, Lon., 1800, 2 vols. 8vo.
Mutiny on Board the Bounty, Lon., 1796, 12mo.
Fletcher, Christian. Letters and Narrative of the
"This rare and curious little volume is quite at variance with
the ordinary account, according to which Christian was killed by
the natives soon after the mutiny."
Fletcher, E. Serm., 1742.
Fletcher, Francis. The World encompassed by Sir
Francis Drake; collected out of his Notes, Lon., 1628, 4to.
See DRAKE, SIR FRANCIS.
Fletcher, George. The Nine English Worthies,
See FLETCHER, Robert.
&c.
Fletcher, Giles, LL.D., d. 1610, uncle of John Flet-
cher, the dramatic poet, was educated at King's Coll., Camb
In 1588 he was English Ambassador to Russia, and on his
return wrote a curious account Of the Russe Common
Wealth, pub. 1590, Svo. It was promptly suppressed for
fear of giving offence to the Russian court.
It was re-
printed in 1643, 12mo, and is inserted, somewhat abridged,
2. Israel
Redux; an Essay on probable grounds that the Tartars
in Hakluyt's Navigations, Voyages, &c., vol. i.
are the posterity of the X. Tribes. Printed with an Essay
on the Jews, by Samuel Lee, 1677, 12mo. This opinion
was adopted by Whiston, who printed the treatise in vol.
i. of his Memoirs.
Fletcher, Giles, 1588?-1623, son of the preceding,
and brother of Phineas Fletcher, was educated at Eton and
at Trin. Coll., Camb., and on taking holy orders obtained
the living of Alderton, Suffolk. He was the author of a
poem which has been greatly admired, entitled, Christ's
Victory and Triumph in Heaven and Earth over and after
Death, Camb., 1610, 4to; 1632, 40. Again, in 1783, 8vo,
rations have been made. New ed., 1824, from the ed. of
with Phineas Fletcher's Purple Island. In this ed. alte-
1610, with a biog. sketch of the author.
C
than that of his brother, [see FLETCHER, PHINEAS,] yet unenlivened
"A poem rich and picturesque, and on a much happier subject
by personification.” — Headley's Slect Beauties of Ancient Eng. Port.
Giles seems to have more rigour than his elder brother, but
less sweetness, less smoothness, and more affectation in his style.
They both bear much resemblance to Spenser. Giles some-
times ventures to cope with him, even in celebrated passages,
such as the description of the Cave of Despair: and he has had the
honour, in turn, of being followed by Milton, especially in the first
meeting of our Saviour with Satan in the Paradise Regained "—
Hallam's Introduc. to Lit. of Europe.
"Giles. inferior as he is to Spenser and Milton. might be figured,
in his happiest moments, as a link of connection in our poetry be
tween those congenial spirits, for he reminds us of both, and evi-
dently gave hints to the latter in a poem on the same subject with
Paradise Regained.'”—Cumpbell's Eng. Poet.
Anthony Wood tells us that Giles was
"Equally beloved of the muses and graces."-Athen. Oxm.
Fletcher, J. P., Curate of South Hampstead. 1. Nar-
rative of a Two Years' Residence at Nineveh, 1850, 2 vols.
Svo.
p.
"It forms an instructive pendant to Mr. Layard's exclusively
antiquarian researches."--Jolin Bull.
605
FLE
FLE
2. The Autobiography of a Missionary, 1853, 2 vols. p.Svo.
"We conscientiously recommend this book, as well for its amu-
sing character as for the spirit it displays of earnest piety."-Lon.
Standard.
London, for some
suicide in a fit of
The Siege of Da-
Hist. of Poland,
Fletcher, James, 1811-1832, of
time assistant in a school, committed
temporary insanity. Chozar and Sela.
The Gem, and other Poems.
Lon., 1831, Svo.
The writer of this History has brought to his undertaking
much learning, great industry and patience in research, and the
most unbiassed candour."
mascus.
..
Fletcher, James C., b. 1823, at Indianapolis; grad.
at Brown Univ., 1846; studied theology at Princeton, and
Geneva, Switzerland. Brazil and the Brazilians, Portrayed
in Historical and Descriptive Sketches, by J. C. F. and D.
P. Kidder. D.D., Phila., 1857, 8vo; illust. See KIDDER, D. P.
It is certainly a remarkable monument of research and nice
cbservation."-W. H. PRESCOTT. the historian.
+
Fletcher, Philip, Dean of Kildare. Serms. 1759, '63.
Fletcher the younger, and cousin of Beaumont's dramatic
Fletcher, Phineas, 1584?-1650? a brother of Giles
colleague, was educated at Eton, and King's Coll., Camb.
Like his brother Giles, he was a divine and a poet. In
1621 he was presented to the living of Hilgay, Norfolk, and
here remained until his death. 1. The Locustes, or Apoll-
Lon. Lit. Gaz., June 18, 1831.
The literary matter is well enough put together for a tempo-
rary purpose, being intelligible without pretension to elegance."-yonists, Camb., 1627, 4to. Very rare. Bibl. Anglo-Poet.,
272, £9 98. This is a caustic satire against the Jesuits.
"The great Milton is said to have ingenuously confessed that
he owed his immortal work of Paradise Lost to Mr. Fletcher's
Locustæ."-Pref. to Rev. J. S'erling's Poems.
2. Sicelides; a Dramatic Piece, 1631. 3. Comment. on
the First Psalm, 1632, 4to. 3. Joy in Tribulation, 1632,
sm. 8vo. 4. The Purple Island, or the Isle of Man: toge-
nies, 1633, 4to.
ther with piscatorie Eclogs, and other poetical Miscella-
Bibl. Anglo-Poet., large paper, £10 10s.
Small-paper copies have sold at from £1 to £2 128. It was
also printed with Giles Fletcher's Christ's Victory, in 1783,
Svo. New ed., by Wm. Jacques, 1816, Svo. This is one
of the most remarkable poems in the language.
Brazil was never before so fully, so faithfully, so artistically
photographed.?”—London Athenæum.
Fletcher, John. See BEAUMONT, FRANCIS.
Fletcher, John, R. Catholic pastor at Underwood.
1. Select Remains of E. White, with Memoir, 1812, Svo.
2. Serms. on Various Religious and Moral Subjects, for
all the Sundays after Pentecost, 1812, 2 vols. Svo.
"These sermons deserve the perusal of every Protestant and
every Catholic who thinks seriously on the subject of religion.
Whoever peruses them will be equally charmed with their mild,
unambitious eloquence, their pure morality, and their persuasive
reasoning."-CHARLES BUTLER.
3. The Catholic Manual, with Observs. and Notes, 1818.
Fletcher, John, M.D. 1. Rudiments of Physiology,
in 3 Pts.; edited by R. Lewins, M.D., with a Memoir of
the Author, Lon., 1837, Svo. 2. Elements of General Pa-
thology; edited by Drs. Drysdale and Russell, 1842. p. Svo.
Fletcher, or Flechiere, John William, 1729-
1785, a native of Nyon, Switzerland, received orders in
the Church of England in 1757, and three years later was
presented to the living of Madely Salop. He was closely
associated with John Wesley in his labours, and was a,
man of most exemplary character. His writings were
principally directed against Antinomianism and Calvinism.
His Portrait of St. Paul has been greatly admired. Works,
1803, S vols. 12mo; 1806, 10 vols. 8vo. Other eds., 7 vols.
Other eds., 7 vols.
24mo: 2 vols. Svo; 7 vols. 12mo, 1825. Selections from
his Works, with his Life, by S. Dunn, London, 12mo.
This often accompanies the collective eds. of his Works.
See his Life, compiled from Wesley, Gilpin, his own Let-
ters. &c., by the Rev. J. Benson, 11th ed., 1839, 24mo.
"Fletcher was a man of heavenly temper; a saint in the ancient
and high sense of the term, whose enthusiasm was entirely in
imical with bitterness, and whose life and death are alike edifying."
-Lon. Quar. Rev.
6
"One of the holiest men that the Christian Church has seen in
modern times. His works contain an unanswerable defence of the
doctrine of original sin, and of the Godhead of Christ; several
pieces in vindication of general redemption, and other points with
which it is connected; with a Portrait of St. Paul,' which every
minister should carefully study. His writings are distinguished
by uncommon clearness and strength of argument. an uninter-
rupted flow of sacred eloquence, and a benevolence of temper which
has seldom been equalled.”—Dr. Williams's C. P.
No age or country has ever produced a man of more fervent
piety, or more perfect charity; no church has ever possessed a more
apostolic minister."-ROBERT SOUTHEY.
▸▸
·
"A man of masculine mind, distinguished for his powers of
ratiocination. Ilis Sermons are most carefully prepared-lucid in
arrangement and correct in style. Dr. Fletcher is one of those in
whose discourses you see a happy union of superior intellect with
the most accurate views of evangelical truth."-Metropolitan
Pulpit.
Fletcher, Joseph. The Historie of the perfect-eminently entitled to a very high rank among our old English
cursed-blessed Man. By I. F. Lon., 1629, 4to. Very rare.
classics.”—Headley's Select Brauties of Ancient Eng. Poet.
Nassau, Pt. 1,1513, £3 198. Bindley, Pt. 2, £23 2x.
Fletcher, Joseph, D.D., 1784-1843, a native of
Chester, Minister of the Independent Church at Black-
burn, 1807; at Stepney, 1822. His Lectures on the R.
Catholic Religion, pub. separately, and in the collective
ed. of his works, have attained great celebrity. Select
Works and Memoirs. Edited by the Rev. Joseph Flet-
cher, Jr., of Lon., 1846, 3 vols. 8vo. 5th ed. of the Lec-
tures on R. C. Religion, &c., 1850, 12mo.
In the Supplement to his second volume, Headley de-
votes a chapter to show how much Fletcher was indebted
to Spenser, and Milton to Fletcher. In the next chapter
he proves Milton's obligations to Giles Fletcher's Christ's
Victory. This fact we have already referred to. See
FLETCHER, GILES. It deserves to be noticed that Francis
Quarles inscribes his stanzas of three lines each, prefixed
to Phineas Fletcher's Piscatorie Eclogues, &c., "To my
dear Friend, the Spencer of this age." The leaf of verses
is frequently wanting; collectors, therefore, should care-
fully examine copies offered for their inspection.
+
The late Dr. Fletcher's Lectures is an inestimable work, of
which I congratulate the Christian public that a fifth and cheap
edition is now announced.”—Dr. J. Pye Smith's Reasons of the
Protestant Religion.
"It is the best work on the subject that has lately appeared. It
is exceedingly well written, and condenses into a narrow compass
a large portion of valuable information; and while it instructs by
its scriptural reasonings, it caifies by its warm and enlightened
piety. It is firm. moderate, and candid."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Warton refers to The Purple Island in but faint terms
of commendation, and the further that criticism has been
removed from the conceits which distinguish the age of
the poem, the less indulgence has been displayed to the
peculiarities of the author.
From a settled persuasion that Popery is a system of impiety
and imposture. we feel thankful at witnessing any judicious at-
tempt to expose its enormities and retard its progress. The Lec-
tures published by Mr. Fletcher are well adapted to this purpose,
and entitle their author to the esteem and gratitude of the pub-
lic."-Rev. P'SERT HAll.
Through five cantos the reader is regaled with nothing but
allegorical anatomy, in the details of which Phineas seems tole-
rably skilled. evincing a great deal of ingenuity in diversifying
his metaphors, and in presenting the delineation of his imaginary
island with as much justice as possible to the allegory without
obtruding it on the reader's view. In the sixth canto he rises to
the intellectual and moral faculties of the soul, which occupy the
"The title of The Purple Island is most attractive and most
fallacious.' If a reader should take it up, (as would probably be
the case with those ignorant of its nature,) with the expectation
of finding some delightful story of romantic fiction, what must be
his disappointment to plunge at once into an anatomical lecture
in verse on the human frame-to find that the poet had turned
topographer of an island founded upon human bones, with veins
for its thousand small brooks, and arteries for its larger streams;
and that the mountains and valleys with which it is diversified
are neither more nor less than the inequalities and undulations of
this microcosm? Ife might perhaps persevere through the whole
of the second canto, in the continued hope that it would soon be
over; but when he had achieved this task, and found that he had
only made one quarter of the survey, he must of necessity be con-
strained to lay it down in despair."-Retrosp. Rev., ii. 342, 1820.
But if he should thus "lay it down in despair," he would
be greatly the loser: for-to quote one of the most emi-
nent of English critics-
"After describing the body. he proceeds to personify the passions
and intellectual faculties. The fatigued attention is not merely
relieved, but fascinated and enraptured; and, notwithstanding his
figures. in many instances, are too arbitrary and fantastic in their
habiliments. often disproportioned and overdone, sometimes lost
in a superfluity of glaring colours, and the several characters, in
general. by no means sufficiently kept apart; yet, amid such a
Profusion of images, many are distinguished by a boldness of out-
line, a majesty of manner, a brilliancy of colouring, a distinctness
and propriety of attribute, and an air of life, that we look for in
vain in modern productions, and that rival, if not surpass, what
we meet with of the kind even in Spenser, from whom our author
caught his inspiration. After exerting his creative powers on this
department of the subject, the virtues and better qualities of the
heart, under their leader Eclecta, or Intellect, are attacked by the
vices a battle ensues, and the latter are vanquished, after a vigor-
ous opposition, through the interference of an angel, who appears
at the prayer of Eclecta. The poet here abruptly takes an oppor-
tunity of paying a fulsome and unpardonable compliment to James
the First, (canto xii. stanza 55:) on that account, perhaps, the
most unpalatable passage in the book. From Fletcher's dedication
of this his poem, with his Piscatory Eclogues and Miscellanies, to
his friend Edmund Benlowes. it seems that they were written
very early, as he calls them 'raw essays of my very unripe years,
and almost childhood.'
"It is to his honour that Milton read and imitated him, as
every attentive reader of both poets must soon discover. He is
**
606
FLE
FLI
best of the poem. From its nature it is insuperably wearisome: "Let me hear no more of him, Sir! That is the fellow who made
yet his language is often very poetical, his versification harmo- the Index to my Ramblers, and set down the name of Milton thus:
nious. his invention fertile. But the perpetual monotony of ale--MILTON. Mr. Joux."
gorical persons which sometimes displeases us even in Spenser, is
seldom relieved in Fletcher; the understanding revolts at the
confused crowd of inconceivable beings, in a philosophical poem:
and the justness of analogy, which had given us some pleasure in
the anatomical cantos, is lost in tedious descriptions of all possible
moral qualities, each of them personified, which can never co-exist
in the Purple Island of one individual."-Hallam's Introduc. to
Lit. of Europe.
5. Piscatory Eclogues, with other Poetical Miscellanies,
with Notes by W. Tytler, Lord Woodhouselee, Edin., 1771,
8vo A correct ed. 6. Sylva Poetica, Autore P. F., Can-
tab., 1633, 8vo. 7. De Literis antiquæ Britanniæ, Regi-
bus ræsertim qui Doctrinâ claruerunt, quique Collegia
Cantibrigiæ fundarunt, 1653, 12mo. 8. A Father's Testa-
ment, 1670, 8vo.
Wood tells us that at King's College Phineas Fletcher
was "accounted an excellent poet;" and good old Izaak
Walton paid him a twofold compliment, than which he
knew no higher, when he declared him to be
"An excellent divine and an excellent angler."
The brothers refer to each other's works, and their merits
have often been compared. See FLETCHER, GILES. It
would not be difficult to continue these comparisons, but
a few lines must conclude an article already sufficiently
extended:
Fletcher, R. 1. Radius Heliconicus; or, The Reso-
lution of a free State, 1650, fol. 2. Trans. of Martial's
Epigrams, 1656, Svo.
Fletcher, Ral. A Few Notes on Cruelty to Animals;
or, The Inadequacy of Penal Law; on General Hospitals
for Animals, &c., Lon., 1846, Svo.
Fletcher, Richard. 1. First Steps to Medical Sub-
jects, in Latin, Lon., 12mo. 2. Influence of a Troubled
Mind on Health, Svo. 3. Medico-Chirurgical Notes and
Illustrations, 4to.
Fletcher, Robert. 1. Introduc. to the Love of God,
&c., Lon., 1581, Svo. 2. Solomon's Song trans. into Eng-
lish verse, 1586. 3. Epitaph, 1603, 4to. 4. The Nine Eng-
lish Worthies, Lon., 1606, 4to, pp. 72. This is an historical
register of the English royal Henrys, kings and princes, in
prose and verse. Very rare. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 276, £35. |
Bindley, Pt. 2, 1100, £37 168. Hibbert, 3095, £7 108.
Fletcher, Robert. Works on medicine and chemis-
try, Lon., 1674, 76, '79, all Svo.
Fletcher, Miss S. Gabrielle et Augustina, 1811.
Fletcher, Samuel. Enamel Painting, 1803, Svo.
Fletcher, Thomas. Poems and Trans., 1692, Sro.
Fletcher, Thomas. Serm., Dubl., 1745, '46. 4to.
Fletcher, Wm., LL.D., Dean of Kildare. 20 Serms.,
Flindall, John Morris. Amateur's Pocket Com-
panion; describing rare portraits and works, Lon., 1813,
12mo. 2. Family Assistant.
"They were both the disciples of Spenser, and, with his diction
gently modernised, retained much of his melody and luxuriant
expression. Giles's Christ's Victory and Triumph' has a tone of
enthusiasm peculiarly solemn. Phineas. with a livelier fancy, had
a worse taste. He lavished on a bad subject the graces and inge-
nuity that would have made a fine poem on a good design. . .
These incongruous conceptions are clothed in harmony, and inter-
spersed with beautiful thoughts: but natural sentiments and
agreeable imagery will not incorporate with the shapeless features
of such a design. They stand apart from it like things of a differ-
ent element, and, when they occur, only expose its deformity.
Flint, Rev. Timothy, 1780-1840, father of the pre-
On the contrary, in the brother's poem of Christ's Triumph. its ceding, a native of Reading, Massachusetts, after gradua-
main effect, though somewhat sombrous, is not marred by such ting at Harvard College, became minister of the Congre-
repulsive contrasts. Its beauties, therefore. will tell in relieving gational Church in Lunenburg, in the county of Worces-
tedium, and reconciling us to defects.”—Campbell's English Poetry. ter, where he remained until 1814. In 1815 he became a
Both of these brothers are deserving of much
were endowed with minds eminently poetical, and not inferior in missionary for the Valley of the Mississippi, and in the
Imagination to any of their contemporaries: but an injudicious discharge of his itinerant duties acquired that extensive
taste. and an excessive fondness for a style which the public was knowledge of the country and of the people which we find
rapidly abandoning-that of allegorical personification-prevented displayed to such advantage in his Recollections and Geo-
their powers from being effectually displayed."—Hullam's Lit. Hist.graphy and History of the Mississippi Valley. After ten
of Europe.
"It grieves me to think," says Hervey, "that these pieces
[Christ's Victory and the Purple Island] should be lost to the
world, and be forever buried in obscurity. The Purple Island
abounds with picturesque. useful, and striking sentiments."
((
years, spent in preaching and teaching school, he returned
to the Northern States. In 1833 he edited several num-
bers of the Knickerbocker Mag., and was subsequently
editor for three years of The Western Monthly Mag.
<
1. Recollections of Ten Years passed in the Valley of
the Mississippi, Boston, 1826, Svo; 2d ed., 1831, Svo.
1772.
Fleury, Maria de. 1. Henry; a Poem, Lon., 1789,
8vo. 2. Antinomianism Unmasked and Refuted, 1791, Svo.
3. Divine Poems and Essays on Several Subjects, 1791, Svo.
Flexman, Roger, D.D., 1708-1795, a Dissenting
minister, a native of Devonshire, pub. Miscellanies, 1752;
Serms., 1752-74; edited Burnet's Own Times, 1753, 4 vols.
Svo; wrote several biographies, and aided in the prepara-
tion of the General Index to the Journals of the House of
Commons. He also made an index to The Rambler, and
to some other works. The maker of a good index is no
ignoble philanthropist. See ArscOUGH, SAMUEL. Dr.
Johnson did not entirely approve of Flexman's Index to
The Rambler. When his name was once mentioned before
the lexicographer, he thus vented his indignation:
Flinders, Captain Matthew, d. 1814, an English
Navigator. Voyage to Terra Australis in 1801–03, Lon.,
1814, 2 vols. 4to, and Atlas; some on large paper.
"The intrinsic worth of these truly scientific volumes must not
be measured by their pecuniary value, for I have known a well-
bound copy, In calf, sell for only £5 15s. 6d."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
See a review in Lon. Quar. Rev., xii. 1, by Sir Jno. Barrow.
Con. to Phil. Trans., 1805, '06.
Flinders, Matthew. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799.
Flinn, Andrew, D.D., d. 1820, minister of Charles.
ton, S. C. Serm., 1810. Do., IS11.
Flint, Austin, M.D. 1. Clinical Reports on Con-
tinued Fever, Buffalo, 1853, Svo. 2. Physical Exploration
and Diagnosis of Diseases Affecting the Respiratory Or-
gans, Phila., 1856, Svo.
Flint, Charles L. The Agriculture of Massachusetts,
as shown in the Returns of the Agricultural Societies, Bost.,
1853-54, 2 vols. 8vo. Treatise on Grasses and Forage
Plants, N. York, 1857, 12mo. Dairy Farming, Bost., 1859.
Flint, George. Robin's last shift, Part 1, 1717, Svo.
Flint, Henry, d. 1760, aged 84, tutor in Harvard
Coll., 1705-54, educated many pupils who subsequently
attained eminence. He pub. occasional serms., 1729, '36,
and a vol. containing 20 Serms., 1739, Svo.
Flint, Rev. James. Serms., Boston, 1852, 12mo.
Flint, James. Letters from America, Edin., 1822, Svo.
Flint, Micah P., a son of the Rev. Timothy Flint,
was the author of a vol. entitled The Hunter, and other
Poems; and pub. a number of pieces in periodicals.
“With obvious faults. Mr. Flint's style is marked by counter
vailing excellences, being lively, flowing, often vigorous, and, in
general, quite unaffected; but this is a secondary merit. These
pages reflect a sincere, humane, and liberal character, a warm and
gentle heart, and hardly even a prejudice that is not amiable.”—
Lon. Quar. Rev., xlviii. 201.
“One valuable effect of the work among us will be to allay local
jealousies, soften prejudices. correct misapprehensions, and divest
the Western character of many unfavourable associations with
which it has been too long connected in this quarter, and to
strengthen sentiments of mutual esteem between the people of the
East and West."-N. Amer. Rev., xxiii. 359. See also Amer.
Month. Rev., iv. 460.
2. Francis Berrian; or, The Mexican Patriot, 1826.
This "purports to be the autobiography of a New Eng-
land adventurer, who acted a conspicuous part in the first
Mexican revolution, and in the overthrow of Iturbide.”
See Griswold's Prose Writers of America.
3. A Condensed Geography and History of the Western
States in the Mississippi Valley, Cin., 1828, 2 vols. 8vo;
2d ed., 1832, 2 vols. Svo.
Mr. Ward remarks that this work is interesting and in-
structive, though written in "a most uncouth style." See
Ward's Mexico in 1827.
4. Arthur Clenning; a Novel, Phila., 1828, 2 vols. 12mo.
5. George Mason, the Young Backwoodsman; a Novel.
6. The Shoshonee Valley; a Romance, Cin., 1830, 2 vols.
12mo. 7. Indian Wars in the West. 1833, 12mo. S. Lee-
tures on Nat. Hist., Geology, Chemistry, and the Arts,
Bost., 1833, 12mo. See a Review in Amer. Month. Rev.,
iii. 261. 9. Trans. of Droz's L'art d'être heureuse, with
addits. by the translator. 10. Trans. of Celibacy Van-
quished; or, The Old Bachelor Reclaimed, Phila., 1834,
12mo. 11. Biograph. Mem. of Daniel Boone, the first
settler of Kentucky, Cin., 1834, 18mo. In 1835 Mr. Flint
contributed to the London Athenæum a series of sketches
of the Literature of the United States.
Flint, Wm. A Treatise on the Breeding, Training,
and Managing of Horses, Hull, 1815, Svo.
607
FLI
FLO
2.
Flintoff, Owen. 1. Rise and Progress of the Laws
of England and Wales, Lon., 1839, Svo. This work should
accompany John Reeve's Hist. of the Eng. Law. Intro-
duc. to Conveyancing, 1840, Svo. This is a new ed. of
the 2d vol. of Blackstone's Comment., adapted to the pre-
sent state of the English Law. 3. Law of Real Property,
1839, 40, 2 vols. Svo. An excellent work. The 2d vol.
The 24 vol.
is an enlarged edit. of his Conveyancing. The works of
Mr. Flintoff occupy the first place among legal treatises.
Floyd, or Floyd, Thomas. 1. Bibliotheca Bio-
graphica: A Synopsis of Universal Biography, ancient
and modern, Lon., 1760, 3 vols. Svo. 2. Chronol. Tables
of Univ. Hist., 1762, 2 vols. Svo.
Flood, Rt. Hon. Henry, d. 1791, a distinguished
orator of the Irish House of Commons, wrote some poetical
pieces, pub. in the Oxford Collection, and pub. some
Speeches, 1787, &c. His Life and Corresp., by W. Flood,
appeared in 1838, Lon., Svo.
Flood, Robert. See FLUDD.
Florence of Worcester, d. 1118, a monk of great
erudition, was the first chronicler who wrote in England
after the Norman Conquest. Chronicon ex Chronicis ab
Initio Mundi vsque ad annum Domini 1118 deductum.
Accessit etiam Continuatio vsq. ad Annum Christi 1141,
Lon., 1592, 4to. The continuation is anonymous. Re-
printed, etc., Francf., 1601, fol.; and see Collection of
Historians edited by order of the Record Commission, vol.
i., pp. 522–615; 615–644.
"Leland gives an exaggerated estimate of his character. His
chronicle is little better than a compilation from the Chronicle of
Marianus Scotus, and from the Saxon Chronicle. The part which
relates to our own island is almost a literal translation from the
Florian, John. 1. Human Knowledge, Lon., 1796,
8vo. 2. Guide to the Hist. of Eng., 1801, '04, Svo. 3. Lect.
on the Sciences and Philos., 1806, 2 vols. 8vo.
Florilegus. See MATTHEW OF WESTMINSTER.
Florio, John, the Resolute-for so he styled himself
-d. 1625, was a native of London, but a descendant of
the Florii of Sienna. He took great delight in philology,
and offended the less scrupulous dramatists of the day by
declaring that
"The plaies that they do plaie in England, are neither right
comedies, nor right tragedies; but representations of histories with-
out any decorum."
1
Shakspeare retaliated this assault by ridiculing Florio
in his character of Holofernes, the Schoolmaster in Love's
Labour Lost.
2. Letters from the Illinois, [1820, '21,] 1822. With a
latter work. An anonymous continuation of the chronicle of Letter from Mr. Birkbeck, and a pref. and notes by Benj.
Florence from 1118 to 1141 is of much greater value than the chro-
nicle itself."-Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
"The character of Holofernes. however. while it caricatures the
peculiar folly and ostentation of Florio. holds up to ridicule, at the
same time, the general pedantry and literary affectations of the
age; and amongst these, very particularly the absurd innovations
which Lilly bad introduced.”—Drake's Shakspeare and his Times.
1. Florio his first Fruites: which yeelde familiar Speech,
merie Prouerbes, wittie Sentences, and golden sayings.
Also a perfect Introduction to the Italian and English
Tongues, Lon., 1578, '91, 4to. 2. Dialogues of Grammar,
Italian and English, 1578. 3. Florios Second Frvtes to
be gathered of twelve trees, and his Garden of Recreation
yielding six thousand Italian Prouerbs, 1591, Svo. 4. A
Worlde of Wordes; or most copious and exact Dictionarie,
in Italian and English, 1597, '98, fol. Warton (Hist. of
Eng. Poet.) says that the first ed. was in 1595, but we pre-
fer the authority of Wood. Augmented, and pub. under
the title of Queen Anne's New World of Words, 1611, fol.
New ed., enlarged by Gio. Torriano, 1659, fol. Even the
ed. of 1611
"For the variety of words was far more copious than any extant
In the world at that time.”—Athen. Ozon.
the Discoveries to the East, West, North, and South; with full
descriptions of all the countries discovered; judiciously compiled,
and free from that great mass of useless matter which swells our
English Hackluyt and Purchas; much more complete and full
than the Latin De Bry, and, in fine, the noblest work of this na-
ture."-LOCKE.
Floris, Pet. Williamson. Journal of his voyage
to the East Indies. See Purchas's Pilgrimes, p. 319; 1625.
Flower. Heraldic Visitation of the County Palatine
of Durham in 1575, edited by Philipson, Newc., 1820, fol.
100 copies on small and 20 copies on large paper.
"This is the first instance of a heraldic visitation being made
public by means of the press.”
|
A few copies only were printed, at the expense of N. J.
Philipson.
Flower, Benj. French Constitution, &c., 1792, &c.
Flower, Christopher. Serms., 1660, '66, '69.
Flower, Henry. Gout and Rheumatism, Lon., 1766,
Ramusio was the editor of the excellent collection of
Navigation e Viaggi, maps and plates, 3 vols. fol., Venetia,
Giunta, 1588-83-56.
"Ramusio's collection of Voyages and Travels, the most perfect
work of that rature in any language whatsoever; containing all
Sro.
"A mere quack advertisement.”—Bibl. Brit.
Flower, John. Serm., 1669, 4to.
"
Alleges the malt tax to be impolitic and unjust. If Eng-
Flower, Richard. Beer and Brewers, 1802, Svo.
land would abolish her "beer and brewers altogether,
she would be greatly benefited.
greatest foe which a country can cherish in her bosom.
Intemperance is the
Flower, Richard. 1. Letters from Lexington and
the Illinois, Lon., 1819, 8vo. Written in June and Au-
gust, 1810.
"The writer appears to have been free from the usual English
prejudices, and speaks well of the country and its inhabitants.".
Rich's Bibl. Amer, Nova.
Flower. See a review in Lon. Quar. Rev., xxvii. 71.
Flower, Robert T. The Radix; Logarithms, 1771.
Flower, Thomas. Serm., 1754, &c.
Flower, Rev. W. B. 1. Sunday Eve Musings and
other Poems, Lon., 1843, er. Svo. 2. Classical Tales and
Legends, 1847, 18mo. 3. Reading Lessons for the Higher
Classes in Grammar and other schools, 1848, 12mo. Com-
mended by the Archbp. of Canterbury, the Bps. of Lon-
don, Exeter, Lichfield, &c. 4. Tales of Faith and Provi-
dence, 1849, 18mo. Theolog. Treatises, 1847-52.
Flower, Wm. Sliding Rule, Lon., 1768, Svo.
Flowerdew, A. Poems, 1803, Svo; 3d ed., 1811.
Flowerdew, D. C. Orders in Court, 1807.
Flowre, John. Church of Christ, 1658, 12mo.
Floyd, Edward. Locusts in Wales; Spontaneous
Combustion of Hay Stacks, &c., Phil. Trans., 1694.
Floyd, John, an Englishman, visited the Continent,
became a Jesuit in 1593, and returned to England as a
missionary. He pub. several controversial tracts against
Chillingworth, Crashaw, Hobb, and other Protestants,
1612-37. See Dodd's Ch. Hist.; Bibl. Brit.
Floyd, Thomas. Perfit Commonwealth, 1600.
Floyd, Thomas. See FLLOYD.
Floyer, Sir John, Knt., M.D., 1649-1734, a native
of Hinters, Staffordshire, educated at Oxford, was noted
for his zeal (a most laudable one) in promoting the gene-
ral use of the cold bath. He pub. several professional
works-Touchstone of Medicine, Lon., 1687, 2 vols. 8vo;
works on Baths, on Asthma; a Comment. on 42 Histories
described by Hippocrates, 1726, 8vo, &c.; Two Essays,
1717, Svo, and the following curious vol.:
The Sibylline Oracles-trans. from the best Greek Co-
pies and compared with the Sacred Prophecies, especially
with David and the Revelations, and with as much history
as plainly shows that many of the Sibyl's predictions are
exactly fulfilled. With Answers to the Objections made
5. Trans. into Eng. of the Essays of Michael, Lord of against them, 1713, sm. Svo.
Montaigne, 1603, '13, '32, fol.
The independence of his [Montaigne's] mind produces great
part of the charm of his writings; it redeems his vanity, without
which it could not have been so fully displayed, or, perhaps, so
powerfully felt. In an age of literary servitude, when every pro-
vince into which reflection could wander was occupied by some
despot; when, to say nothing of theology, nfen found Aristotle,
Ulpian, or Hippocrates, at every turning to dictate their road, it
was gratifying to fall in company with a simple gentleman who,
with much more reading than generally belonged to his class. had
the spirit to ask a reason for every rule."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of
Europe.
6. Trans. of A Narration rel. to Nauigation, &c. to Newe
Fraunce; from Ramutius, 1580, 4to. See Bliss's Wood's
Athen. Oxon.
"This is the best English translation of the Sibylline Oracles,
but as it furnishes a tolerably accurate account of the controversy
and is curious not only as a version of these singular productions,
respecting their truth and authenticity, of which Sir John appears
to have been a firm believer.”—Orma's Bibl. Bib.
The name of Floyer will strike many of our readers
pleasantly, for it will remind them of our gruff friend Dr.
Johnson. It was by Floyer's advice that the "Infant Her-
cules" was sent to London to be touched by Queen Anne
for the King's Evil, and Johnson
"A very short time before his death strongly pressed the Editor
and works of Sir John Floyer, whose learning and piety.? the Doc-
of these Anecdotes to give to the publick some account of the life
tor said. deserve recording.""-Nichols's Lit. Anec., v. 19.
6
Sir John suffered greatly from the asthma, and when
Johnson was, labouring under the same ailment, he refers
to the experience of the physician:
"Nor does it lay close siege to my life; for Sir John Floyer, whoın
the physical race consider as author of one of the best books upon
it, panted on to ninety, as was supposed. [Sir John is supposed to
•
608
FLO
FOL
Lave been older than he claimed to be.]”—Letter to Langton, March ' which have made his native town so deservedly famous
27. 1784.
He occasionally beguiled the tedium of his voyages by
writing very ereditable poetry, a specimen of which, ex-
tracted from his Journal, will be found in Macy's History
of Nantucket.
"I am now looking into Floyer, who lived with his asthma to
about his ninetieth year."~Letter to Dr. Brocklesby, July 20, 1784.
But in less than five months the "mourners went about
the streets" for one who was so short a time before clinging
with such tenacity to the remains of life!
Floyer, Phil. The Proctor's Practice in the Eccles.
Courts, 2d ed., enlarged by Thos. Wright, Lon., 1746, Svo.
Fludd, Robert, M.D., or de Fluctibus, surnamed
"The Searcher," from his investigations in philosophy,
medicine, mathematics, &c., 1574-1637, was devoted to oc-
cult sciences, and "compounded into a new mass of ab-
surdity all the mysterious and incomprehensible dreams
of the Cabbalists and Paracelsians." He was a native of
Bearstead, Kent, was educated at St. John's Coll., Oxf., and
afterwards spent six years in travelling in Europe. As a
physician be attained great eminence. He wrote treatises
on alchemy, philosophy, medicine, theology, &c., "mostly
written in Latin, and as dark and mysterious in their lan-
guage as in their matter." See a list in Athen. Oxon. A
collective edit. of his works was pub. in 6 vols. fol., Op-
penb. et Goud. To be complete, there should be 17 parts.
See Cat. de la Vallière, No. 1784; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.,
ii. 729.
"He was esteemed by many scholars a most noted philosopher.
an eminent physician, and one strangely profound in obscure mat-
ters. He was a zealous brother of the order of Rosa-Crusians, and
did so much doat upon the wonders of chymistry, that he would
refer all mysteries and miracles, even of religion, unto it."-Allen.
Oxm.
"His books written in Latin are many, great, and mystical. The
last some impute to his charity, clouding his matter with dark
language, lest otherwise the lustre thereof should dazzle the un-
derstanding of the reader. The same phrases be used to his pa-
tients; and seeing conceit is very contributive to the well-working
of physic. their fancy, or faith natural, was much advanced by his
elevated expressions.”—Fuller's Worthies of Kent.
This habit of "mystifying" patients, by using "elevated
expressions," was not confined to the physicians of Fludd's
day. Fuller proceeds to remark:
**
His works are for the English to slight or admire. for French
and foreigners to understand and use: not that I account them
more judicious than our countrymen; but more inquiring into
such difficulties. The truth is, here at home his books are not
beheld so good as crystal, which (some say) are prized as precious
pearls beyond the seas.”—Ubi supra.
Fludyer, John. Expos. of the C. Prayer Book of the
Ch. of Eng., Lon., 1739, fol. Serm., 1756, Svo.
Flutter, J. Notes of a Bookworm, consisting chiefly
of Extracts from old and scarce works, 1827, 12mo.
Fly. Alamanack for 1662, Svo.
Fly, Henry, D.D. 1. Serm., 1794, 4to. 2. Serm.,
1798, 4to. 3. Serm. preached Oct. 19, 1803; being the day
appointed for a Public Fast, Lon.. 1804, Svo.
Fobes, Perez, LL.D., d. 1812, aged 70, minister of
Raynham, graduated at Harvard Coll., 1762; Prof. in the
Coll. in R. Island, 1786. 1. Hist. of Raynham. 2. Funl.
Serm. on Prest. Manning, 1791. 3. Election Serm., 1795.
Foe, De. See DE FOE.
Fogg, A. Medical Observations, Newc., 1803, Svo.
Fogg, Ezekias. Comfort for the Sicke, 1574.
Fogg, Laurence. 1. Two theolog. treatises, Chester,
1712, Svo. 2. Theologiæ Speculativæ Schema, 1712, Svo.
3. Election, 1713, Svo.
Fogg, Peter Walker. Dissert., Grammat. and Phi-
los., Stockp., 1796, Svo. 2. Elementa Anglicana, 1797, 2
vols. Svo.
Folger, Peter, 1618-1690, a native of England, set-
tled at Martha's Vineyard in 1635, and removed to Nan-
tucket in 1662. He married Mary Morrill; his daughter
Abiah was the mother of the celebrated Benjamin Franklin.
He wrote a poem, finished April 23, 1676, entitled A Look-
ing Glass for the Times.
being; speaks for liberty of conscience, and in favour of the Ana-
"The author addresses himself to the governors for the time
baptists, Quakers, and other Sectaries, who had suffered persecu-
. tion. The poem appeared to be written with a manly freedom
and a pleasing simplicity."”—DR. FRANKLIN,
Folchard, or Folcard, flour. 1066, a French monk
who settled in England, wrote the Life and Miracles of
John of Beverley, and is said to have composed biogra- |
phies of St. Bertin, Bishop Oswald, St. Adulf, and St. Bo-
tulf.
Vide Acta Sanctorum Mensis Maii, tomus ii. fol.,
Antv., 1680, pp. 168-173. The Life and Miracles of John
The Life and Miracles of John
of Beverley. Mabillon Acta Sunctorum Ordinis S. Bene-
dicti, Sæculum iii., pars 1, fol., Paris, 1672, pp. 108-112.
The Life and Miracles of St. Bertin, pp. 434, 435. An
abridged copy of the life of John of Beverley.
"As a writer there is little in Folchard's style to distinguish him
from the common writers of his age."-Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit..q.v.
Foley, James. French Delectus, Lon., 1815. 12mo.
Foley, Richard. Pract. Ct. G. Session, Lon., 1792,8vo.
Foley, Rev. Robert. 1. Lett. to Dr. Priestley, Stourb., |
1793, Svo. 2. Defence of the Ch. of Eng., Lon., 1795, Svo.
Foley, Robert. Laws rel. to the Poor, from the 43d
Eliz. to the 3d Geo. II., with Cases, &c., Lon., 1739, '43,
'51, '58, Svo.
Foley, Samuel, Bishop of Down and Connor. Serms.,
1683, 4to. Giant's Causeway. Phil. Trans., 1694.
Folger, Peleg, 1734-1789, a native of Nantucket,
Mass., was employed for a number of years in the fisheries
39
•
The following is a specimen of this splendid effort of
genius:
"I am for peace and not for war,
And that's the reason why
I write more plain than some men do,
That use to daub and lie.
But I shall cease, and set my name
To what I here insert;
Because to be a libeller.
I hate it with my heart.
From Sherbon town where now I dwell,
My name do I put here
Without offence, your real friend,
It is Peter Folger.”
This was pub. in 1675, and reprinted in 1763. It is now
very rare, but the reader will find it in that valuable work,
which none of our readers should be without, E. A. and
G. L. Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
Folger is described as an
youth in reading, writing, and the principles of religion by cate
“Able, godly Englishman, who was employed in teaching the
chising.”—Prince's New England. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.;
B. Franklin's Works.
Gloucester, 1139; Bishop of Hereford, 1148; of London,
Foliot, Gilbert, d. 1188, a monk of Cluny, Abbot of
1163. He wrote Expositio in Cant. Canticorum, edidit
Patr. Junius, Lon., 1638, 4to, a number of Letters, &c.
Some have been printed in the Epistolæ S. Thomæ, and
many are in MS. in the Bodleian Library, &c. See Wright's
Biog. Brit. Lit.
Foliot,Robert, d. 1186, Bishop of Hereford, 1174, wrote
a treatise De Sacramentis Veteris Testamenti. — Ubi si
kupra.
tiquary, was educated at Saumur, and at Clare Hall, Camb.
Folkes, Martin, 1690-1754, an eminent English an-
In 1741 he succeeded Sir Hans Sloane as Pres. of the Royal
their Weights, Intrinsic Values, &c., 1736, 45, 4to. New
Society. Tables of English Gold and Silver Coins, with
ed., much improved, pub. by the Society of Antiquaries,
edit. by Dr. Andrew Gifford, 1763, 2 vols. 4to; 1772, 4to.
Trans., 1717, '37, '45. '70.
Con. on astronomy, antiquities, and nat. hist., to Phil.
An interesting account of this
learned antiquary will be found in Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes
from materials originally drawn up by Dr. Birch. See a
Catalogue of the entire and valuable library of M. Folkes.
sold by auction, 1756, Lon., 1756, Svo.
Mr. Martin Folkes may justly be ranked among the most useful
as well as splendid literary characters of which this country can
boast. The collection was an exceedingly fine one; enriched with
many books of choicest description."-Dibdin's Bibliomania.
Folkingham, or Follingham, W. 1. Epitome of
Surveying Methodised, Lon., 1610. 4to. 2. Compound Ale,
1623, 12mo. 3. Brachigraphy, or Shorte Writing, Svo. See
Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Follen, Charles Theodore Christian, J.U.D., b.
Sep. 4, 1796, at Romröd, in the Grand Duchy of Hesse-
Darmstadt, perished in the conflagration of the steamboat
Lexington, Jan. 13, 1840. He held several responsible posi-
tions in Europe and the United States, and from 1831 to
1834 was Prof. of the German Language and Literature in
Harvard Coll. For some years before his death he officiated
as a Unitarian minister, and in May, 1839, received a call
to a congregation at East Lexington, Mass. 1. German
Grammar, Bost., 12mo. 2. German Reader. 3. German
Versification of the Gospel of St. John, 12mo. A collective
edit. of his Works, edited by his widow, Eliza Lee Follen,
was pub., in 5 vols. sm. Svo, in 1841, and in the same year
Mrs. Follen pub. a Memoir of his Life, 12mo. Reviews of
the Life and Writings of Prof. Follen will be found in the
Democratic Rev., vii. 466; Chris. Examiner, xxviii. S7;
xxxiii. 33; and Life by H. J. Raymond, in Biog. Ann., 1841,
Svo.
Follen, Eliza Lee, formerly Miss Cabot, a native
of Boston, was married in 1828 to Prof. Charles Follen,
(see above.) She has pub. several works, the principal of
which are Sketches of Married Life, The Skeptic, and a
609
FOL
FOR
Lifo of Charles Follen, just noticed. She has also given
to the world The Well-Spent Hour, Words of Truth, Ger-
man Fairy Tales, Hymns, Songs and Fables, Selections
from Fénelon, Birthday Poems, and Nursery Songs. The
larger part of her poetry will be found in a vol. pub. in
Boston in 1839, entitled, Poems on Occasional Topics.
Folliot. Fast Serm., Lon., 1798, 4to.
|
Follisius, Jacob. Jacobi Follisii Edinburgensis ca-
lamitosæ Pestis elegiaca Deploratio, 4to.
Folsom, Charles. 1. Cicero's Orations; English
Notes, Bost. 2. Livy; English Notes.
Folsom, George, grad. at Cambridge Univ., 1822;
in 1844 was elected to the Senate of the State of N.Y. 1. Hist.
Sketches of Saco and Biddeford, Saco, 1830, 12mo. 2. Mexico
in 1842, N. York, 1842, 18mo. 3. Letters and Despatches
of Cortez; trans. from the Spanish, 1843, Svo and 12mo.
This stirring narrative of toil and adventure, addressed by
the celebrated conqueror of Mexico to his Sovereign, although
plete with the most romantic interest, has hitherto escaped an
English translator. Written amidst the very scenes described, in
i.
a tone of honest sincerity, and with a scrupulous attention to
truth, these Letters, or Dispatches. after being published sepa
rately as they were received in Spain, seem to have been overlooked
and forgotten when in the lapse of time the original editions had
disappeared from the public eye.”—Extract from the Preface.
"Very practical and useful."-Bickersteth's C. S.
2. Treatise on Effectual Calling, 1846, fp. Svo.
"We cordially recommend this little volume as well adapted to
awaken the careless, and to instruct and encourage the thought-
ful."-Baptist Mag,
Foote, Samuel, 1722-1777, "The English Aristo-
phanes," a native of Truro, Cornwall, was of a highly re-
respectable family.
spectable family. After pursuing his studies at Worcester
Coll., Oxf., and at the Middle Temple, he went upon the
stage, where, not meeting with the success he desired, he
determined to turn dramatic author, and write pieces suited
to his capacities as an actor. In 1747 he opened The
Little Theatre in the Haymarket, with a piece of his own,
called The Diversions of the Morning, which was very
successful. We need not marvel at this when we consider
that be represented real characters, and imitated their
voice, gait, and gestures, in the most striking manner.
Thenceforth the Little Theatre, Haymarket, was under-
stood to be the regular summer resort when the other two
theatres were closed.
This is a trans. of the second, third, and fourth letters of
Cortez, from the ed. pub. in Mexico in 1770 by Lorenzana.
Mr. Folsom must not forget the request of Mr. Rich that
he would favour us with trans. of other letters of Cortez.
4. Address before the Maine Ilist. Soc., Sept. 6, 1846, 8vo.
Folsom, N. S. Crit. and Hist. Interp. of the Pro-
phecies of Daniel, Bost., 1842, 12mo.
Fonblanque, Albany, b. 1800, a son of John de
Grenier Foublanque, the eminent lawyer, was for many
years proprietor and editor of the London Examiner, which
obtained great reputation through his literary abilities.
Much of the matter in his work entitled England under
Seven Administrations, pub. in 1837, 3 vols. p. Svo, origi-
nally appeared in his editorial columns. Upon Mr. F.'s
acceptance of a post in the Board of Trade, the Examiner
passed into the charge of Mr. John Forster.
Fonblanque, John de Grenier, 1759-1837, an
eminent English lawyer, Senior King's Counsel, and
Senior Bencher of the Hon. Society of the Middle Temple.
1. A Treatise of Equity, 1792, '93, 2 vols. Svo; 4th ed.,
with Francis's Maxims of Equity, 1812, 7 vols. Svo; 5th
ed., 1820, 2 vols. Svo; 4th Amer. ed., by Anthony Laussat,
Brookfield, 1835, 2 vols. in 1, Svo. The original of this
work was an anonymous treatise, pub. Lon., 1737, fol.,
ascribed to Henry Ballou. Mr. F. added as much as he
found, both in quantity and value, and gained great repu-
tation by his labours.
ii
Few works have attained such universal approbation, or heen
more generally read. The notes are copious, perspicuous, and
learned, and the authorities are full and pertinent."-Hoffman's
Leg. Stu., 400.
It has been pretty much superseded, both in England
and America, by Maddock's Chancery and Chief-Justice
Story's Commentaries on Equity Jurisprudence.
2. Doubts, &c. rel. to Bullion Committee's Recommenda-
tion, 1810, 8vo. 3. To Electors, Svo.
Fonblanque, J. S. M., Com. of Bkrupts., son of the
preceding Fonblanque. 1. Bkrupt. Statutes, 1825, 8vo.
2. Medical Jurisprudence, 1823, 3 vols. Svo, in conjunc-
tion with J. A. Paris, M.D.
Navy. Vindication of his Conduct against the Misrep. of
McArthur and Clarke in the Life of Nelson, 1807.
Foote, H. S. Texas and the Texans, Phila., 1841,
2 vols. 12mo. See Lieber's Essays on Property, &c., 148.
Foote, James, minister of the Free East Church..
Aberdeen. 1. Lectures on the Gospel according to Luke,
Edin., 6 vols. sm. 8vo; 2d ed., 1849, 3 vols. fp. Svo; 3d
ed., 1857, 2 vols. 8vo.
"These Lectures are characterized by the valuable qualities of
good sense. scriptural sentiment, and perspicuous style.”—Edi»
Chris. Instruc.
Foord, Edward. See FORD.
Foord, John. Expos. lib. Psalmorum, 1646, 4to.
Foord, Joseph, a minister of the Ch. of Scotland.
19 Serms., Edin., 1719, 8vo; 3d ed., 1759, 12mo.
Foot, James. Penseroso; or, The Pensive Man in
is Solitudes; a Poem, in six Books, Lon., 1771, Svo.
Foot, Jesse, 1744-1827, an English surgeon, pub.
several professional treatises, The Life of John Hunter,
1794, Svo; The Life of A. R. Bowes and the Countess of
Strathmore, 1810, 8vo; The Life of Arthur Murphy, 1811,
4to: and some other works.
2. Taste, 1752.
Of the following comic dramatic pieces of his composi-
tion-taken from Biog. Dramat.-twenty were pub. 1. An
Auction of Pictures, 1748. 2. Taste, 1752. 3. The Eng-
lishman in Paris, 1753. 4. The Knights, 1754. 5. The
Englishman returned from Paris, 1756. 6. The Author,
1757. 7. The Minor, 1760.
1757. 7. The Minor, 1760. 8. The Orators, 1762. 9. The
Lyar, 1762.
Lyar, 1762. 10. The Mayor of Garrat, 1764. II. The Pa-
tron, 1764. 12. The Commissary, 1765. 13. Prelude on
opening the Theatre, 1767. 14. The Lame Lover, 1770.
15. Piety in Patteus, 1773. 16. The Bankrupt, 1776. 17.
The Devil upon Two Sticks, 1768. 18. The Maid of Bath,
1771. 19. The Nabob, 1772. 20. The Cozeners, 1774.
21. The Capuchin, 1776. 22. A Trip to Calais, 1778.
23. The Tryal of Samuel Foote, 1763. 24. Diversions of
the Morning, 1747, '58. 25. Lindamira, 1805. 26. The
Slanderer. Left in MS., 27. The Young Hypocrite. For
particulars respecting dates see Biog. Dramat.; and see a
notice of some other works, ascribed to him, in Bibl. Brit.
Dramatic Works, 1778, 4 vols. 8vo. Frequently reprinted
in 2 vols. Svo. Life, 1788, Svo. Memoirs of his Life, and
some of his Writings, sec COOKE, WILLIAM.
Foote was as much famed for his numerous powers in
social life as he was on the stage. Of this we have an
amusing evidence in the following story, related by Dr.
Johnson:
"The first time I was in company with Foote was at Fitzher-
bert's. Having no good opinion of the fellow, I was resolved not
to be pleased; and it is very difficult to please a man against his
will. I went on eating my dinner pretty sullenly, affecting not
to mind him; but the dog was so very comical, that I was obliged
to lay down my knife and fork, throw myself back in my chair,
and fairly laugh it out. Sir, he was irresistible.”
Boswell remarks:
Fonblanque, J. W. M.
J. W. M. Cases in the several Cts. of
the Com. of Bkruptcy. Act 1849, Lon., 1849-51, Pts. 1 and 2.
Fond, John. System of Music, Lon., 1725, 8vo.
"He [Foote] was, perhaps, the only man among the set, totally
Foord, or Ford, Anthony. Summary of the Sacra-independent of Johnson's monarchy; he had an intrepid wit and
ments, Lon., 16mo. Sine anno.
pleasantry of his own, and was fearless of any colloquial antago
nist."-Colman's Random Records.
"Foote told me that Johnson said of him, 'For loud, obstrepo-
rous, broad-faced mirth, I know not his equa).'
799
It is not difficult to guess at the secret of Foote's success
with Johnson:
See Boswell's Life of Johnson; Cooke's Life of Foote:
Davies's Life of Garrick.
Foote, Samuel, Jr. Reform; a Farce, modernized
from Aristophanes, Lon., 1792, Svo.
Foote, Wm. Henry, D.D. 1. Sketches of North
Carolina, Hist. and Biog., N. York, 1846, 8vo. 2. Sketches
of Virginia, Hist. and Biog., 1st Series, Phila., 1849, Svo;
2d Series, 1855, Svo.
early settlements made by men of strong minds, ready hands, and
"And now, kind reader, you shall be introduced to some of these
brave hearts, the elements of whose character. like the country
they chose, have been developed in the prosperity of Virginia."-
Introduction.
Foot, John, surgeon. Appeal, 1769, 8vo.
Foot, Peter. Agricult. of Middlesex, 1794, 4to
“Always reckoned a superior work.”—Donaldson's Agricull. Biog.
Foot, Rev. Wm. A Charge, Lon., 1753, Svo.
Foote, Lt. Andrew H., Commander U. States Navy.
Africa and the American Flag, N. York, 1854, 12mo. An
interesting work.
Forbes, Alexander, Lord Forbes of Pitsligo, d. 1749,
Foote, Capt. E. J., Rear-Admiral of the Blue, R. an adherent of the exiled Royal family, commanded a
Forbes. Eloge de la Ville Edinbourg, divisé en qua-
tres Chants, par le Sieur de Forbes, Edin., 1753, 12mo.
Forbes, Alexander. An Anatomy of Independency,
Lon., 1644, 4to.
$10
FOR
FOR
|
troop of horse in the Rebellion of 1745. After the battle
of Culloden he fled to France, but returned to Scotland in
1749. He is supposed to be the prototype of the Baron
of Brawardine in Sir Walter Scott's Waverley. He wrote
Moral and Philosophical Essays, 1763.
6.
His lordship is said to have been a man of good parts, great
honour and spirit, and universally beloved and esteemed." See
Park's Walpole's R. & N. Authors.
Forbes, Alexander. Hist. of Upper and Lower Cali-
fornia, Lon., 1839, 8vo.
"This work furnishes us with a striking illustration of the
wretchedness of man, if he lives without exchange and well-de-
veloped property, even though surrounded by a bountiful nature.”
-Lieber's Essays on Property and Labour, p. 140; and see pp. 148,
"
149.
“A valuable work. The author was one of the first of the Anglo-
Saxon race to explore this, till lately, unknown country: he reaped
the reward of his enterprise by securing the possession of the great
quicksilver mines, now worked by the firm of which he is the
head."
"A work of superior excellence and most useful instruction.”—
CHANCELLOR KENT.
Forbes, Alexander P., D.C.L., Bishop of Brechin.
1. Comment. on the Te Deumn, 1850, 32mo. 2. Short Ex-
plan. of the Nicene Creed, Oxf., 1850, '52, 8vo.
Forbes, Arthur, Earl of Granard. A True Copie of
Two Letters brought by Mr. Peters, &c., Lon., 1642, 4to.
Forbes, Daniel. Case of Ileus; Med. Com., 1785.
Forbes, David. A Prophesie of Doomsday, 2d ed.,
Edin., 1631, 18mo.
2. Letter to a Bishop resp. some imp. Discov. in Philos.
and Theol., Lon., 1735, 4to. Also trans. into French by
Father Houbigant. 3. Reflections on the Sources of In-
credulity with regard to Religion, Edin., 1750, 2 vols.
12mo, or 1 vol. 12mo. Posth.
"A little jewel. I knew and venerated the man; one of the
greatest that ever Scotland bred, both as a judge, a patriot, and a
Christian."-BISHOP WARBURTON.
Forbes, J. G., of the city of New York. Sketches
of Florida, 1821.
|
Forbes, James, 1749-1819, a native of London, con-
nected with the civil service of the East India Company,
1. Letters from France in 1803–04, Lon., 1806, 2 vols. 8vo.
2. Reflections on the Character of the Hindoos, and the
importance of converting them to Christianity, 1810. Svo
3. Oriental Memoirs: a Narrative of Seventeen Years' Re-
sidence in India, including Observ. on parts of Africa and
S. America, and Journals of Four Indian Voyages. Em-
bellished with 95 fine engravings, by Charles Heath,
Storer, Greig, Angus, and Wageman, Lon., 1813-15,
4 vols. 4to. Pub. at £16 16%. Some copies have 27 addit.
Plates, by Thomas and Wm. Daniell, also sold separately
[at about £2 28.] to complete former copies. The Plates
of Nat. Hist. are
See a list of the 122
This
Forbes, Rt. Hon. Duncan, 1685-1747, a native
of Culloden, studied at Edinburgh, Utrecht, Leyden, and
Paris, and, after his return from the continent in 1707,
practised as an advocate: Solicitor-General from Scotland,
1717; Lord Advocate, 1725; Lord President of the Ct. of
Sessions, 1737. In the Rebellion of 1745 he zealously op-
posed the Pretender, and was so much chagrined at the
•The volumes were published at his own cost, and a work more
ungrateful refusal of government to reimburse his expenses splendid or more complete in its decorations we have seldom seen."
thereby incurred, that he fell a victim to a fever produced-Lm. Quar. Rec.
by excitement of mind. 1. Thoughts on Religion, Natural
and Revealed, Edin., 1735, '43, Svo. Trans. into French
by Father Houbigant.
engravings in H. G. Bohn's Guinea Cat-, 1841.
splendid work, with the addit. 27 plates, can now be pro-
tion of it we must refer the reader to the London Quart.
cured for about eight guineas. For an extended descrip-
Rev., xii. 180-227. Mr. Forbes. compiled this work from
his original materials of 150 folio vols., containing 52,000
pages of MS. letters and drawings.
"President Forbes was a considerable Hebrew scholar, of the
school of Hutchinson. The system of that singular writer appears
to greater advantage in this small volume than in any of his own
works, or those of his other followers.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
4. Works, with a biog. Sketch of the Author by J. Ban-
natyne, Esq., Edin., 1816, Svo. Works, 2 vols. 12mo. See
Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Duncan Forbes, Lou.,
1748, Svo; the Culloden Papers, 1815, 4to; Lord Wood-
houselee's Life of Kames; Chambers's Lives of Illust. and
Dist. Scotsmen; J. H. Burton's Lives of Duncan Forbes
and Lord Lovat, Lon., 1847, p. Svo; Edin., Lon. Quart., and
N. Brit. Reviews.
|
"His natural talents were of the very first order, enlarged by an
excellent education, completely disciplined and fully matured by
habits of intense study, and of minute, and at the same time, ex-
tensive observation; and they were all employed most honourably
and conscientiously in the real business of life."-LORD WOOD-
HOUSELEE.
and of Gloucester, Mass. He pub. A Family Book, Serm8.,
&c., 1761–92, &c.
Forbes, F. E. 1. Six Months' Service in the African
Blockade, Lon., p. 8vo. Five Years in China, 1842–47
1848, 8vo. 3. Dahoney and the Dahomans, 1849-56.
2 vols. p. 8vo, 1851.
Forbes, Francis. 1. New Husbandry, Lon., 1778,
Svo. 2. Improvement of Waste Lands, 1778, 8vo.
Forbes, Duncan. 1. E. India and Col. Guide, Lon.,
1841, 12mo. 2. Hindustani Manual, 1845, 2d ed., 1848, |
18mo. 3. Hindustani Gram., 1846, 8vo. 4. Hindu Reader,
r. Svo. 5. Persian Gram., r. Sro. 6. Bagh-0-Bahar: Tales
in Hindustani, 1846, r. Svo. 7. Diet. Hind.-Eng., Eng.
Hind., 1846, Svo. The most copious diet. of the kind in
a portable form. 8. Oriental Penmanship, 1849, 4to.
Forbes, Prof. Edward, 1815-1854. 1. Hist. of
Brit. Star Fishes, Lon., 1841, demy Svo and r. Svo. This
vol. is uniform with the Brit. Quadrupeds and Brit. Rep-
tiles, by Prof. Bell, and the Brit. Birds and Brit. Fishes,
by Mr. Yarrell.
"Discloses a world of wonders round our shores. The illustra-
tions, in which fancy is made to enlighten science, are very beauti-
ful."-British Critic.
The practical part is nothing.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Bíog.
Forbes, G. H. Prize Essay on the Goodness of God.
Edin., 1849, Svo.
2. Inaugural Lect. on Botany, 1843, Svo. 3. Synopsis of
the Brit. Naked-eyed Pulmograde Medusæ. Ray Society,
34 issue, 4th year, 1847. 4. In conjunction with S. Han-
ley; Hist. of Brit. Mollarsca, 1853, 4 vols. Svo, £6 108. r.
Sro plates col'd, £13. 5. Zoology of the Voyage of H.
M. Ship Herald, 3 vols. r. 4to. 6. In conjuction with Prof.
Huxley; Mollusca and Radiata of the Voyage of H. M.
Ship Herald. Preparing for publication, (1855.)
Forbes, Eli, D.D., 1726-1804, minister of Brookfield |
kfiel
..
The drawings and collections of Mr. Forbes seem almost to ex-
ceed the powers, of human industry and perseverance, and this
literary monument to his name may fairly be considered the es-
sence of his extraordinary researches. The whole work is very
entertaining as well as instructive.”—Lon. Lit. Gaz.
"Of all the works which have been published on India, this.
perhaps, is the most sterlingly valuable."-Lon. Allas.
"It is to be regretted that this very splendid and expensive
work was not published in a cheaper form, as it abounds in most
striking pictures of the manners, customs, &c. of India.”—Steveto
son's Voyages and Travels.
Forbes, James D., Prof. of Nat. Philos. in the
Univ. of Edin.
Univ. of Edin. 1. Travels through the Alps of Savoy,
Lon., 1843, imp. Svo; 2d ed., 1845.
"This work contains ample and exact details in topography. . . .
│It abounds with daring and hazardous adventures, contains no
tices of occasional catastrophes that have befallen less fortunate
explorers, presents interesting discoveries with new deductions,
and is clothed in a style and diction entirely in keeping with the
beauty and grandeur of the subject.... We have perused the
work with intense pleasure and large instruction.”—Silliman's
American Journal of Science and Arts.
Since the above was written, Mr. Forbes's daughter,
the Countess de Montalembert, has pub. (in 1834) an
abridgt. of the Oriental Memoirs, in 2 vols. Sro, with a
4to Atlas of 85 Plates, of which 24-those of Nat. Hist.-
are beautifully col'd. Such copies were pub. at £5 15×. 6d.,
and can now be had for about £2 158.; or the Atlas alone
for £1 158.
Es ist unstreitig eines der gediegensten Werke die seit längerer
Zeit über die Alpen erschienen sind. . . . Zugleich ist die Dar-
stellung so geschmackvoll, und die theoretischen und abstrakteren
Untersuchungen sind so geschickt verflochten mit historischen und
beschreibenden Stücken, dasz man das Buch mit immer Steigen-
den Interesse zu Ende liest."-Leonhard's Jahrbuch.
Review.
"This elaborate and beautifully-illustrated work.”—Quarterly
"Pregnant with interest.”—Edinburgh Review.
2. Norway and its Glaciers visited in 1851, Edin., 1853,
r. Svo.
Forbes, James Grant. Sketches, Hist. and Topog.,
of the Floridas, N. York, 1821, Svo.
"A wretched compilation from old works."-N. Amer. Rev., xxvi.
482.
"Contains much valuable information."—Ib., xiil. 98.
Forbes, John, 1570?-1634, originally a minister of
the Ch. of Scotland, became minister at Middleburg, in
Holland, about 1611. 1. A Treatise tending to clear the
Doctrine of Justification, Middle., 1616, 4to; 1636. 2. Cer-
taine Records touching the Estate of the Kirk in the Years
1605 and 1606, pub. with Wm. Scot's Apologetical Narra-
tion rel. to Kirk of Scotland, Edin., 1846, Svo.
Forbes, John, of Corse, 1593-1648, second son of
Bishop Patrick Forbes, was educated at King's Coll.,
Aberdeen, and in Germany; Prof. of Divinity and Eccles.
Hist., King's Coll., Aberdeen, 1619; ejected for refusing
G11
FOR
FOR
to sign the Covenant, 1640. He resided for two years in | of the O. Test., trans. from the Institutio Interpretis Ve-
Holland, and is sometimes confounded with John Forbes, teris Testamenti of J. H. Pareau, Edin., 1835-38, 2 vols.
unte. His Irenicum pro Ecclesia Scotiana, Aberd., 1629, 12mo. This work also forms vols. xxi., xxiv., of the Edin.
4to, written to compose the religious dissensions of Scot- Cabinet Library.
land, and the Institutiones Historico-Theologicæ, Amst., "It is a very useful compendium of the principles of sacred her
1645, fol., have been greatly admired. A collective edit.meneutics applied to the Old Testament. The translation is faith-
of his works was pub. by Prof. Gurtler, of Deventer, and ful and accurate."-Horne's Bibl. Bib,
George Garden, of Aberdeen, in 1703, 2 vols. fol. Opera
Omnia, inter quæ plurima Posthuma cum Vita Auctoris,
Amst.
lec. of Scot. Proverbs, by Rev. David Ferguson, 1777, 12mo.
Forbes, Robert. Collec. of Scot. Poems, with a Col-
Forbes, William, 1585–1634, a native of Aberdeen,
and educated in that city and abroad, became Principal of
Marischal Coll., Aberdeen, and Rector of the Univ. He
was the first Bishop of Edinburgh, but died in three months
after his consecration. After his death was pub. his Con-
siderationes modestæ et pacifica Controversarium, de Jus-
tificatione, Purgatorio, Invocatione Sanctorum et Christo
Meditatore, Eucharistia, Lon., 1658, Svo. This was edited
by Dr. Thomas Gale. It is in course of republication, 4th
ed., in the Lib. Anglo-Cath. Theol., vol. i., 1850, Svo; vol.
The most valuable book of the kind that any student can pos-
sibly make use of. He will there see a complete history of all the
controversies that have distracted the Church of Christ, deduced
through every age, with their minutest branches and subdivisions.
The proper authorities are always set down, so that nothing needs
to be taken on trust.”—WOTTON.
“Forbes was an excellent man, a profound scholar, and masterly
Writer."-Dr. Williams's C. P.
Much learning and piety in his works."-Bickersteth's C..S.
Forbes, John, of Delft. Serm., Delft, 1642, 12mo.
Forbes, John. Cure of the Afflicted, Lon., 1643, 12mo.ii., we presume, may be expected shortly.
Forbes, John. Songs and Fancies to several Musi-
cal Parts, with a brief Introduc. to Musick, Aberd., 1682,
4to. 2. Mariner's Everlasting Almanack, 1685.
*.
Forbes, William, Prof. of Law, Glasgow. 1. Bills
of Exchange, Edin., 1703, '18, 12mo. 2. Church Lands
and Tithes, 1705, 12mo. 3. Remarks on James Gordon's
Forbes, John. Epigrammata, Lon., 1739, 4to. Observ. on No. 2, 1706, 12mo. 4. Justices of Penco in
Forbes, John, D.D., minister of St. Paul's Church, Scot., 1707, 12mo. 5. Law of Election, M. P., for Scot.,
Glasgow. Theory of the Differential and Integral Caleu-1740, Svo. 6. Jour. of the Session, 1714, 12mo. 7. Insti-
lus, Lon., 1838, Sro.
tutes of the Law of Scot., 1722–30, 2 vols. Svo.
One of those brilliant beacons which will long illuminate the Forbes, Sir William, 1739-1806, a native of Pit-
path of science."-Scottish Guardian.
Forbes, John, LL.D., of Donaldson's Hospital, Edin-sligo, in conjunction with Sir James Hunter Blair, founded
the first banking establishment in Edinburgh. Account
burgh. Symmetrical Structure of Scripture, Edin., Svo.
of the Life and Writings of James Beattie, LL.D., inclu-
ing many of his original Letters, Edin., 1806, 2 vols. 4to;
1807, 3 vols. Svo; 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. See BEATTIE,
JAMES, LL.D.
Dr. Forbes is a profound and accurate scholar; he has brought
much learning, both oriental and occidental, to bear on this vo-
Jume."-Bibliotheca Sacra.
|
“A most valuable commentary on the passages adduced, as well
as the key to the further comprehension of the sacred writings in
general."-C. of Eng. Quar. Rev.
—
Forbes, Sir John, M.D., D.C.L., Physician to her
Majesty's Household, editor of the Brit. and For. Med.
Rev., one of the editors of the Cyc. of Practical Medicine,
(see DUNGLISON, ROBLEY, M.D., No. 8,) &c. 1. Observs.
on the Climate of Penzance, &c., Lon., 1828. 2. A Manual
of Select Medical Bibliography, Lon., 1835, r. 8vo. This
otherwise excellent work has one capital defect, the want
of an Index Nominum. We marvel at so great an over-
sight. 3. Illust. of Modern Mesmerism, Lon., 1846, Svo.
4. Treatise on Diseases of the Chest, 8vo. 5. Genl. Index
to the Brit. and For. Med. Rev., 1849, Svo. 6. A Phy-is
sician's Holiday; or, A Month in Switzerland during the
Year 1848; 1849, p. 8vo; 3d ed., 1852.
Those who contemplate a thorough or a partial tour through
Switzerland will find A Physician's Holiday very useful."-
Lon. Spectator.
Forbes, John H., and John Jardine. Decisions
in Ct. of Sess., Nov., 1801-July, 1807, Edin., fol.
7. Memoranda made in Ireland, 1852; 1852. 8. Sight-America from the Discovery of the Country to 1776, 1836
Seeing in Germany, &c., 1855, p. 8vo; 1856. 9. Nature 47, 4 vols. r. Svo.
and Art in the Cure of Disease, 1857, cr. 8vo; 2d ed., 1858. With these slight abatements. [see article.] we regard the vo
Forbes, John, M.D. Physiological Effects of Alco-lume before us as a very valuable contribution to the materials of
our early history, and as highly creditable to the capacity and dili
holic Drinks, Bost. 2. Water-Cure; or, Hydropathy, Phila.
gence of the editor. . . . We intended. had the limits of this article
3. Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Physic, 1846, 12mo. permitted, to give some account of another work projected by Mr.
Force. in connection with Matthew St. Clair Clarke, under a con-
tract with the Government of the United States, to be entitled
of which is gigantic, and the execution of which would be a task
The Documentary History of the Revolution; a work, the plau
truly Herculean. The plan contemplates the publishing of every
document relating to the history of the United States, whether
printed or manuscript, from the origin of the colonies down to the
Ba-adoption of the Federal Constitution. The work will occupy at
least twenty-five volumes, and the cost of fifteen hundred copies is
estimated at four hundred and eight thousand dollars. We hope
that the work, in some modified form, will go on; although we
very much fear that this large historical drag-net will sweep up
·
Forbes, Major John. Eleven Years in Ceylon;
Field Sports; Nat. Hist.; Antiq., Lon., 1840, 2 vols. Svo.
Forbes, Leslie. Speech in H. of Com., 1817.
Forbes, Murray. Gravel and Gout, Lon., 1793, 8vo.
Forbes, Patrick, 1564–1635, Lord of Corse and
ron of O'Neil, a native of Aberdeenshire, educated at Aber-
deen and St. Andrews, Chancellor of the Univ. of Aberdeen,
was made Bishop of Aberdeen in 1618. His Lordship pub.
some serms., 1635, 4to, and two theolog. treatises, 1614, '27,
but is best known by his Commentarie upon the Revela-
tion of St. John, Middleb., 1614, 4to. A trans., by his
gon, John Forbes, (see ante,) was pub. at Amst. in 1646,
4to. This includes his two theolog. treatises noticed above.
"The Commentary is brief, but discovers some learning and at-1837-46; 5th Series, 3 vols., 1848-53,-in all, 9 vols. fol.
tention to the meaning of the Apocalypse. The author was one
|
some rubbish, as well as much valuable material. Should the first
volume ever appear, we shall take an opportunity to go more at
large into the subject."-J. G. PALPREY: Ñ. Amer. Rev., xliii. 274–
278.
3. American Archives: Documentary History of the
American Revolution; 4th Series, 6 vols., Washington,
of the most respectable of the Scottish divines who embraced Epis-
copacy."—Orme's Bibl. Bi'.
Owing to a misunderstanding in regard to the law author
izing the publication of this most valuable work, it was
discontinued while Mr. Marcy was Sec. of State of the
U.S. See CLARKE, MATTHEW ST. CLAIR, and N. Amer.
Rev., xlvi. 475. 4. Record of Auroral Phenomena Ob-
served in the Higher Northern Latitudes; Smithsonian
Contrib., Washington, 1856, 4to. His contributions on
the subject of Arctic Discovery were considered as au-
thority by Dr. Kane.
Ford, Miss. 1. Letter. 2. Music Glasses, 1761, '62.
Ford, Anthony. See Foorn.
Ford, David. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1794, 8vo.
Ford, David Everard. 1. Rud. of Musi, Lon 2.
Orig. Psalm and Hymn Tunes, 1833. 3. Chorazin, 1641,
In 1635, 4to, was pub. Funerals of Patrick Forbes, of
Corse, Bishop of Aberdeene, consisting of serms., orations,
epitaphs, and other pieces on the death of the good Bishop.
This was reprinted by Charles Farquhar Shand, Esq., Ad-
vocate, Edin., 1845, 8vo, for the Spottiswoode Society.
For what Sir William Forbes has written in these volumes, we
can easily forgive him; but he cannot escape censure for much of
what he has published. ... Protesting, as we have always done,
against the multiplication of needless quartos and the publication
of ordinary epistles, we cannot avoid saying that his book is a
great deal longer, and a great deal duller, than we are bound to
tolerate.”—Lord Jeffrey: Edin. Rev., x. 172.
"Few such literary monuments have been raised to the memory
of distinguished individuals as the Funerals of Bp. Patrick Forbes."
Vide Preface.
Forbes, Patrick, M.D. Full View of the Pub.
Trausac. in the Reign of Q. Elizabeth, Lon., 1740, '41,
2 vols. fol.
Forbes, Patrick, D,D.
Principles of Interpretation
་
Forby, Rev. Robert, Rector of Fincham, Norfolk,
1. Lett. to Bp. of Norwich rei. to Bible Society and Miss'y
Society, 1815, Svo. 2. Vocabulary of Norfolk and Suffolk,
by Turner, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo. New ed., 1840, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Force, Peter, President of the National Institute at
Washington, D.C. His library of works relating to America
perhaps the largest ever collected in the U.S.
National Calendar, and Annals of the U. States for 1833,
2. Tracts and other Papers relating principally to the
Washington, 1833, 12mo, pp. 336: continued for a few years.
Origin, Settlement, and Progress of the Colonies in N.
1. The
612
FOR
FOR
,
18no. 4. Damascus, 1842, 18mo. 5. Decapolis; new ed.,
1843, 18mo.
"A work which has been read by all classes of the community,
and has been eminently blessed by God to the revival of pure and
undefiled religion in various parts of the country."-Lom. Congreg.
Mag., Aug. 1841.
6. Pastoral Addresses, 1843, 32mo. 7. Laodicea, 1844,
18mo. 8. Alarm in Zion, 1848, 18mo. 9. Congreg. Psal-
mody, 1849, ob.
"We congratulate the author on the growing acceptance of his
works; thousand following thousand in rapid succession. This
fact we regard as a token for good. They are fitted, by the blessing
of God, to confer lasting benefits on the church and the world.”-
Lon. Revivalist. Oct. 1842.
Ford, Sir Edward, a son of Sir John Ford, Sussex,
was educated at Trin. Coll., Oxf. 1. A Designe for bring-
ing a River to St. Gyles, Lon., 1641, 1720, 4to. 2. Exper.
Proposals how the King may have money, &c., 1666, 4to.
3. Defence of Bill Credit. Printed at end of No. 2. In Chal-
mers's Dict., and also in Rose's Dict., we find this author
called Sir John Ford.
16
He was a great virtuoso of his time, yet none of the Royal
society, and might have done greater matters. if that he had not
been discouraged for these things he had done before."—Athen.
Oxon.. q.x.
Ford, or Foord, Edward. 1. Wine and Women,
Lon., 16-17, 12mo. 2. An Alarm of Trumpets, 1651, 12mo.
3. Fair Play in the Lottery; or Mirth for Money, 1660, 12mo.
Ford, Edward, surgeon. Diseases of the Hip Joint,
&c., Lon., 1794, 8vo; 2d ed., by T. Copeland, 1810, 8vo.
Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1778; to Med. Tracts, 1791, '94.
Ford, George. Serms., 1796, 1803.
Ford, J. Orig. Righteousness, &c., 1675, Svo.
Ford, James, late of Oriel Coll., Preb. of Exeter.
The Gospel of St. Matthew illustrated from ancient and
modern authors, Lon., 1848, 8vo; of St. Mark, do., 1849;
of St. Luke, do., 1851; of St. John, do., 1852.
Notice of the work on St. Matthew:
"In examining this work we have been struck with its adapta-
tion to the wants of preachers. The tone of the Preface is excellent,
and inspires confidence in the principles of the writer; his selec-
tions are very good.”—English Rev., Sept. 1848.
Notice of the work on St. Mark:
The true value of this work is in suggesting, in fact, supply-
ing. Sermon thoughts.”—Lon. Chris. Rememb., April, 1849.
Notice of the work on St. Luke:
"The brevity, depth, and variety of the extracts form the most
peculiar and valuable features of the work, and give it a great
practical superiority over most other commentaries, both for the
Clergy and Laity.”—English Churchman, Muy 22, 1851.
Ford, John, an eminent dramatic poet, was born at
Islington, Devonshire, in 1586. Of the time of bis death
much has been conjectured, but nothing is known. Where
he was educated does not appear, but we know that in
1602 he became a member of the Middle Temple, and,
unlike most authors, and especially dramatic authors,
persevered in his arduous profession. What particular
branch of the law he pursued we are unable at this late
day to determine.. As early as his 18th year he pub. a
poem entitled Fame's Memorial. a tribute to the memory
of Charles Blount, Lord Mountjoy and Earl of Devon
shire. There was little in this effusion to indicate future
eminence in the walks of poetry; but the publication of his
verses was sufficient to give him that taste for authorship
which almost infallibly follows upon seeing "one's name
in print:
Fame's Memorial is worth reading as a warning to all those
figure-casters who prognosticate the success or failure of authors
from their Juvenilia. Had any seer predicted that the maker of all
that stuff was to deserve a lofty seat among England's dramatists,
he would have been as heartily laughed at as he who should have
foretold to Trajan that a Christian priest would one day fulmi-
nate from the Seven Hills more dreaded edicts than his own."-
HARTLEY COLERIDGE.
Blackfriars. Printed, 1633. 6. Love's Sacrifice. T. Acted
at the Phoenix. Printed, 1633. 7. Perkin Warbeck. H. T.
Acted at the Phoenix. Printed, 1634.
Printed, 1634. 8. The Fancies,
Chaste and Noble. C. Acted at the Phoenix. Printed, 1638.
Somo time after this he had the honour of assisting
Webster in A Late Murther of the Sonne upon the Mother,
a play which appears to be lost. He also joined with
Decker in the Fairy Knight and The Bristowe Merchant,
neither of which are extant. We also lack three of Ford's
plays, entered on the Stationers' Books in 1660, (see Nos.
12, 13, 14,) of which An Ill Beginning has a Good End, a
Comedy, was played at the Cockpit in 1613. The
ing is a list of his own plays, and those in the composition
of which he had a share :
9. The Lady's Trial. T. C. Acted at the Cockpit. May,
1638. Printed, 1639. 10. Beauty in a Trance. T. Entered
on the Stationers' Books, Sept. 9, 1653, but not printed.
Destroyed by Mr. Warburton's servant. 11. The London
Merchant. C. 12. The Royal Combat. C. 13. An Ill Be-
ginning has a Good End. C. Played at the Cockpit, 1613.
Nos. 11, 12, and 13 were entered on the Stationers' Books,
June 29, 1660, but were never printed. Destroyed by Mr.
Warburton's servant.
Decker. Lost. 15. A Late Murther of the Sonne upon the
14. The Fairy Knight. Ford and
Mother. Ford and Webster. Lost.. 16. The Bristowe Mer-
chant. Ford and Decker. Lost.
immortalitie of a vertuous name, 1620, 12.0, written by a
A little manual, entitled A Line of Life, pointing at the
John Ford, has been attributed to our author. A collectivə
edit. of Ford's Dramatic Works, with an Introduction and
explanatory Notes by H. Weber, Esq., was pub., Lon., 1811,
2 vols. 8vo. A notice of this edit., and of the characters
of Ford, by Lord Jeffrey, will be found in the Edin. Rev.,
x. 275, 304, and another by William Gifford in the Quart.
Rev., vi. 462-487. Also see A Letter to William Gifford,
Esq., on a late Edition of Ford's Plays, chiefly as relating
to Ben Jonson, [in which it is proved that Jonson and
Ford were not hostile;] by Octavius Gilchrist, 1811, Svo.
A Letter to J. P. Keinble, Esq., involving Strictures on a
recent Edition of Ford's Dramatic Works, 1811, Svo, and
a letter on the same subject addressed to Richard Heber,
Esq., 1812, Sro. Mr. Gifford, in the critique referred to
above, complains of the meagreness of Weber's biogra-
phical account of his author, remarking that
|
"It would surely be unjust to appear dissatisfied at the imper-
fect account of an ancient author when all the sources of informa-
tion have been industriously explored. But in the present case we
doubt whether Mr. Weber can safely lay this flattering unction
to his soul' and we shall therefore give such a sketch of the poet's
life, as an attentive examination of his writings has enabled us to
compile."
Mr. Gifford proceeds to show that Weber was as faulty
an editor as he was a biographer. We need not, therefore,
be surprised that be determined himself to assume those
duties which had been so inadequately performed by an-
other. His edition of Ford's Works appeared in 1827, 2
vols. Svo. It is acknowledged to be far superior to the
preceding edition. In 1847 Mr. Tegg pub. Ford's Works
in the Dramatic Series of the Family Library, being Nos.
4 and 5, 18mo, of that series. How heartily we approve
of Mr. Tegg's expurgated editions of the dramatic poets
may be gathered from our remarks in the article on Beau-
mont and Fletcher, where we refer to Mr. Moxon's editions
of the same authors.
of the same authors. In this latter series, The Works of
Massinger and Ford were pub. in one volume in 1848. In
the power of graphic representations of the tragic, the
terrible, and equally in the melting and the pathetic, Ford
has few equals. It is greatly to be deplored that his taste
was as bad as his genius was splendid, and that his licen-
tiousness disgusts even whilst his imagination charms.
The revolting subjects selected for his best dramas-The
Broken Heart, Love's Sacrifice, and 'Tis Pity She's a
Whore-show a determination to excite attention even if
he failed to command respect, and to surprise the mind
rather than improve the heart. For this great error of
choice and treatment of subjects, he had not even the in-
valid excuse-pleaded for some in his day-of importunate
creditors and straitness of bread:
"When he had outgrown the vanities of his youth, and esta-
blished himself in business, he ostentatiously disdained all view
to profit in his writings, and appeared on the stage or in print only
at irregular intervals. He had, and took time, to write up to his
own ideal. Ile disowned all courtship of the vulgar taste; we
might therefore suppose that the horrible stories which he has em-
braced in 'Tis Pity She's a Whore, The Broken Heart, and Love's
Sacrifice, were his own choice and his own taste. But it would be
unfair from hence to conclude that he delighted in the contem-
plation of vice and misery, as vice and misery. He delighted in
the sensation of intellectual power; he found himself strong in the
follow-imagination of crime and of agony: his moral sense was gratified
by indignation at the dark possibilities of sin. by compassion for
rare extremes of suffering. Ile abhorred vice-he admired virtue;
1. The Lover's Melancholy. T. C. Acted at the Black-
but ordinary vice or modern virtue were, to him, as light wine to
friars and the Globe, Nov. 24, 1628. Printed, 1629. 2. 'Tis bouring objects, but powerful to bring within the sphere of vision
a dram drinker. His genius was a telescope, ill adapted for neigh-
Pity She's a Whore. T. Acted at the Phoenix. Printed, what nature has wisely placed at an unsociable distance. ... Un-
1633. 3. The Witch of Edmonton. T. By Rowley, Decker, questionably he displayed great poter in these horrors, which was
Ford, &c. Acted at the Cockpit and at Court; probably all he desired: but had he been of the first order' of poets. he
soon after 1622. Printed, 1658.
Printed, 1658. 4. The Sun's Darling. M.
would have found and displayed superior power in familiar matter
By Ford and Decker. Acted, March, 1623-24, at the Cock-practise, and sorrows for which all may be better."--HARTLES
of to-day, in failings to which all are liable, virtues which all may
pit. Printed, 1657. 5. The Broken Heart. T. Acted at the COLERIDGE: Introduction to Moxon's Edition of Ford, 1848. g. v.
613
FOR
FOR
This verdict is sufficiently charitable, certainly. In the
quotation "first order of poets," Coleridge doubtless re-
fers to Charles Lamb's summing up of Ford's merits:
Ford was of the first order of Poets. He sought for sublimity
not by parcels in metaphors or visible images, but directly where
she has her full residence-in the heart of man; in the actions and
sufferings of the greatest minds. There is a grandeur of the soul
above mountains. seas, and the elements. Even in the poor per
verted reason of Giovanni and Annabella we discern traces of that
fiery particle, which in the irregular starting from out of the road
of beaten action, discovers something of a right line even in obli-
quity, and shews hints of an improveable greatness in the lowest
descents and degradations of our nature."-Lamb's Specimens of
Eng. Dram. Poets.
Mr. Hazlitt, a critic of higher authority than Lamb, places
Ford in a much lower rank than the "first order of poets.'
He remarks:
46
'Ford is not so great a favourite with me as with some others,
from whose judgment I dissent with diffidence. . . . The affected
brevity and division of some of the lines into hemistichs, &c.-so
as to make in one case a mathematical staircase of the words and
answers given to different speakers, is an instance of frigid and
ridiculous pedantry. An artificial elaborateness is the general
characteristic of Ford's style. In this respect his plays resemble
Miss Baillie's more than any others I am acquainted with. and are
quite distinct from the exuberance and unstudied force which cha-
racterized his immediate predecessors. There is too much of scho-
lastic subtlety, an innate perversity of understanding or predomi-
nance of will, which either seeks the irritation of inadmissible
subjects, or to stimulate its own faculties by taking the most bar-
ren, and making something out of nothing, in a spirit of contra-
diction. He does not draw along with the reader: he does not work
upon our sympathy, but on our antipathy or our indifference;
and there is as little of the social or gregarious principle in his pro-
ductions as there appears to have been in his personal habits, if
we are to believe Sir John Suckling, who says of him, in the
sicus of the Poets-
""
'In the dumps John Ford alone by himself sat
With folded arms and melancholy hat.'"
Lect. on the Drum. Lit. of the Age of Elizabeth.
"Reversing the observation of Dryden on Shakspeare, it may be
said of Ford, that he wrote laboriously, not luckily:' always ele-
gant, often elevated, never sublime, he accomplished by patient
and careful industry what Shakspeare and Fletcher produced by
the spontaneous exuberance of native genius. He seems to have
acquired early in life, and to have retained to the last, a softuess
of versification peculiar to himself. Without the majestic march
of verse which distinguishes the poetry of Massinger, and with
none of that playful gaiety which characterizes the dialogue of
Fletcher, he is still easy and harmonious. There is, however, a
monotony in his poetry, which those who have perused his scenos
long together must have inevitably perceived. His dialogue is
declamatory and formal, and wants that quick chace of replication
and rejoinder so necessary to effect in representation."-WILLIAM
GIFFORD: Quar. Rev., vi. 475.
In Lord Jeffrey's review, before referred to, on the merits
and demerits of Ford, he quotes abundantly in illustration
of his criticisms:
"Although the original design of this work was merely to pre-
sent in a more readable type, and in a form suited to the library,
a series of entertaining extracts from the Hand-Book of Spain, the
Ses-author has nearly rewritten the whole in a more popular style, and
has introduced a vast quantity of new matter."-Preface.
Mr. Ford has shown himself an adept in the art of literary
réchauffage. His masterly and learned Hand-Book of Spain having
been found, hy some who love to run and read, too small in type,
too grave in substance, he has skimmed its cream, throw'u in many
well-flavoured and agreeable condiments. and presented the result
in one compact and delightful volume, equally adapted to amuse
by an English fireside or to be useful on the Spanish bighway."-
Blackwood's Mag.
66
The best English book, beyond comparison, that has ever ap
peared for the illustration, not merely of the general topography
and local curiosities, but of the national character and manners
of Spain."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
"We cannot afford any more space for Mr. Ford; and what we
have said, and what we have shown of him, will probably be
thought enough, both by those who are disposed to scoff, and those
who are inclined to admire. It is but fair, however, to intimate.
that a thorough perusal of his works will afford more exercise to
the former disposition than the latter. His faults are glaring and
abundant; but we have not thought it necessary to produce any
specimens of them, because they are exactly the sort of faults
which every one acquainted with the drama of that age reckons
upon finding. Nobody doubts of the existence of such faults:
but there are many who doubt of the existence of any counter-
balancing beauties: and therefore it seemed worth while to say a
word or two in their explanation.”—Elin. Rev., xviii. 304.
We cannot persuade ourselves to conclude-for we have
already lingered long enough on this theme-without quot-
ing the judicious criticism of one of the first of modern
authors:
•
"At a considerable distance below Massinger we may place his
contemporary, John Ford. In the choice of tragic subjects from
obscure fictions which have to us the charm of entire novelty, they
resemble each other; but in the conduct of their fable, in the de-
lineation of their characters, each of these poets has his distin-
guishing excellencies. 'I know,' says Gifford, few things more
difficult to account for, than the deep and lasting impression made
by the more tragic portions of Ford's poetry. He succeeds how
ever pretty well in accounting for it; the situations are awfully in-
teresting, the distress intense, the thoughts and language becom-
ing the expression of deep sorrow. Ford, with none of the moral
beauty and elevation of Massinger, has, in a much higher degree,
the nower over tears; we sympathize even with his vicious charac
ters, with Giovanni, and Annabella, and Bianca. Love, and love
in guilt or sorrow, is almost exclusively the emotion he portrays;
no heroic passion, no sober dignity, will be found in his tragedies.
But he conducts his story well and without confusion; his scenes
are often highly wrought and effective; his characters, with no
striking novelty, are well supported; he is seldom extravagant or
regardless of probability.... Of comic ability this writer does not
display one particle. Nothing can be meaner than those portions
of his dramas which, in compliance with the prescribed rules of
that age, he devotes to the dialogues of servants and buffoons."
HALLAM: Introduc. to the Lit. of Europe.
P
| and the latter, as we have already seen, 1. a often been
named in rivalship with Rare Ben. We subjoin a verse in
which the two are introduced with no contemptible skill:
"Tis said, from Shakspeare's mine your play you drew,
What need when Shakspeare still survives in you?
But grant it were from his vast treasure roft.
That plund'rer Ben ne'er made so rich a theft"
THOMAS MAY.
The critics of a former age thought they discovered much
of the manner of the greatest of English poets in the lines
of the author of Love's Sacrifice, and The Broken Heart,
Ford, Sir John. See FORD, SIR EDWARD.
Ford, John, Mayor of Bath. Manner of celebrating
his Majesty's Coronation at Bath, April 25, 1661, Lon.,
1661, fol. Reprinted in vol. vii. of the Somers Collection.
Ford, John. Serm., 1735, 8vo.
Ford, John, M.D. 3 Letters on Med. Subjects, 1803.
Ford, Ranulph. Serms., &c., 1711-20.
Ford, Richard, and others. Pet. to Parl., 1654, fol.
Ford, Richard. Works on Inoculation, 1791.
Ford, Richard, 1796-1858, a native of London.
Handbook for Spain, Lon., 1845, 2 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed.,
1847, 1 vol.; new ed., partially rewritten, 1855.
"Lockhart nodded approbation; George Borrow praised it in his
fine emphatic language; Lord Stanhope confirmed the decisions
of Lockhart and Borrow; while across the Atlantic, men to be
listened to-Washington Irving, Prescott, and Ticknor-extended
its praises to the farthest civilized confines of the New World."-
Lon. Illust. News.
|
Commended by Lon. Quar. Rev., &c.
2. Gatherings from Spain; being extracts from No. 1,
with addits., 1846, 2 Pts., 12mo, or 1 vol. p. Svo.
Washington Irving also commends it as the best modern
popular account of Spain.
3. Tauromachia: the Bull Fights of Spain; 26 superb
drawings by Lake Price, with descriptions by R. Ford,
1852, imp. fol. Pub. at £4 48. A splendid work.
Ford, Simon, 1619-1699, a divine and Latin poet of
great reputation, a native of East Ogwell, Devonshire, was
educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxf.; Vicar of St. Laurence,
Reading, 1651; of All-Saints, Northampton, 1659; and of
Old Swinford, Worcestershire, 1685. He was one of the
translators of Plutarch's Morals, pub. 1684, and pub. a
number of serms., Latin poems, &c., 1646-96, a list of
which will be found in Athen. Oxon.
1675, Svo.
Ford, Stephen. Evil Tongue, 1672, Svo. Discourse,
Ford, T. Acct. rel. to Lord Kilmarnock, &c., 1746.
Ford, Thomas. Musicke of Sundrie Kiudes, Lon.,
1607, fol.
Ford, Thomas. 1. The Times Anatomized in severall
characters, Lon., 1647, 12mo. Sometimes erroneously at-
tributed to Thomas Fuller, the historian. 2. Ludus For-
tunæ, 1649, 12mo.
tunæ, 1649, 12mo. 3. Panegyric on Chas. I., &c., 1660,
'61, Svo. 4. Foenestra in Pectore, 1660, Svo. 5. Love's
Labyrinth, &c.; a Tragi-Comedy, 1660, Svo. 6. A Theatro
of Wits, 1660, Svo.
Ford, Thomas, LL.D. Serms., 1775, 'S3.
Ford, Thomas, LL.D. Serm., 1811, 8vo.
Ford, Thomas, late Gov. of Illinois. A Hist. of
Illinois from its commencement as a State in 1818 to 1847
Chicago, 1854, 12mo.
"This is an excellent, common-sense. honest history of one of our
most flourishing States. by one who took an active part in its poli-
tical struggles from its first organization.”—Amer. Index, Aug. 1855.
Ford, W. A Catalogue comprising the Historical and
Poetical Classics, &c., Part 1.
Ford, Wm., or Forde. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1616, 4to
Ford, Wm. Serms., 1733, '35, '57, '58.
Ford, Wm. Serms., &c., 1762, '69, 76, '81.
Fordun, John De, an ancient Scottish historian, a
priest in the Church of Fordun, 1377. Of the particulars
of his life but little is certainly known. From his work
much of the early history of Scotland is derived.
Scotichronicon genuinum, una cum ejusdem Supple-
mento ac Continuatione, Oxonii, 1722, 5 vols. 8vo. This
is Hearne's edit. Another edit. was pub. at Edin., 1759,
2 vols. fol., and 1775, 2 vols. fol., viz.: Scotichronicon,
614
FOR
FOR
um Sup. et Continuatione Walteri Boweri. Curâ Walteri
Goodall. (See GOODAL, WALTER.) MS. copies of For-
dun's history are in many public libraries.
6.
He begins the third [book] with the reign of Fergus the second.
and thence continues the succession with better confidence than
he has done in the foregoing reigns, wherein he is vastly outdone
by Boethius and late historians.”—Bishop Nicolson's Scot. Hist.
Lib., q. v.
"The learned and judicious Mr. Cambden has observed. That
all the Scots Historians who have wrote since Fordoun's time, have
been very much beholding to his Diligence; and yet there are very
Material Differences betwixt his Account of several things and
theirs; of which I shall give the reader a few Instances."-Mac
kenzie's Writers of the Scots Nution, q. v.
Fordyce, David, 1711-1751, a native of Aberdeen,
brother of James and Sir William, afterwards noticed, en-
tered Marischal College, 1724, and was appointed Prof.
of Moral Philos. in that institution in 1742. Returning
from an extensive continental tour, he was drowned on
the coast of Holland in 1751. 1. Dialogues con. Educa-
tion, Edin., 1745–48, 2 vols. 8vo.
"A work of very considerable merit, but somewhat tinged with
the fopperies of the school of Shaftesbury, although entirely free
from its more injurious notions."
2. Theodorus; a Dialogue concerning the art of Preach-
ing, 1752, 12mo; 3d ed., 1755, 12mo.
"Some useful hints.”—Bickersteth's C, S.
This should be carefully studied by all young divines.
3. Elements of Moral Philosophy, 1754, 12mo; 4th ed.,
1769, 12mo. Originally pub. as ninth division of Dodsley's
Preceptor. 4. The Temple of Virtue; a Dream, 1757, 12mo.
Pub. from the author's MSS., with some addits. by James
Fordyce, D.D., 1775, 12mo.
Fordyce, David. Letter Writer, Lon., 1790, 12mo.
Fordyce, George, M.D., 1736-1802, nephew of Da-
vid, James, and Sir William, took his doctor's degree at
Leyden in 1758, settled in 1759 in London, and became a
distinguished lecturer and practitioner. 1. Elements of
Agricult. and Vegetation, Edin., 1765, '69, "71, Svo; Lon.,
1796, Svo.
|
1767, '72, 8vo. 2. Putrid and Inflam. Fevers, 1773, '77, Svo.
3. Fragmenta Chirurgica et Medica, 1784, 8vo. 4. Muri-
atic Acid in Putrid Fevers; a Letter to Sir J. S., 1790, 8vo.
5. The importance of cultivating and curing Rhubarb in
Britain, 1792, 8vo. At this time imported rhubarb cost
the nation £200,000 per annum. 6. Sarsaparilla Root in
the V. Disease; Med. Obs. and Inq., 1755.
Foreness, E. Serms., 1683, '84, 4to.
Forester, Fanny. See JUDSON, MRS. EMILY C.
Forester, Thomas. Serm., 1741, 4to.
Fordyce, Sir William, 1724-1792, a brother of Da-
vid and James, (see ante,) surgeon R. A., and subsequently
Lord Rector of Marischal Coll., Aberdeen, enjoyed an ex-
tensive professional practice in London, where he died in
1. Review of the V. Disease and its Remedies, Lon.,
1792.
Forester, Thomas. 1. Norway in 1848, 49, with
Extracts from the Journals of Lt. M. S. Biddulph, Lon.,
1850, 8vo. New ed., 1855, 16mo.
"Thanks for this very pleasant and instructive book, say we."-
Lon. Church and Stute "Guz.
Norway and its Scenery, 1853, p. 8vo.
2. Everard Tunstal; a Tale, 1851, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 3.
4. Rambles in
Sardinia, &c., 1858, imp. Svo.
Foresti, E. Felix, LL.D., Prof. of the Italian lan.
guage and literature in Columbia Coll., and in the Univ. of
the City of New York. Italian Reader, N. York, 12mo.
Forges. A Catalogue of part of the Rarities collected
by R. H., Lon., Svo.
Forman, Charles.
pany, Lon., 1725, '26.
1739, 2 vols. 8vo.
Forman, Charles. Queries and Observ. upon the
Revol. in 1688, and its Consequences, Lon., 1741, Svo.
Forman, Simon, M.D., 1552-1611, a noted astro-
loger, physician, and fortune-teller, whose name excites
sensations of horror to all who are familiar with the his-
tories of the infamous Countess of Essex and the unfor-
tunate Sir Thomas Overbury, studied for two years at
Magdalen Coll., Oxf., and subsequently devoted his atten-
tion to physic and the stars. He wrote some treatises on
Astrology, &c., of which a list will be found in Athen.
Oxon. See Bliss's ed., ii. 98, 373. Many of his MSS.
are deposited in the Ashmolean Museum and in the British
Museum. The following extract will recall forcibly Mr.
James's graphic portraits in Arabella Stuart of Dr. For-
man and Mrs. Anne Turner:
"This little work has always been esteemed as a very scientific
treatise."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
2. Elements of the Practice of Physic, Pts. 1 and 2,
1767-70, Svo. 3. Dissertation on Simple Fever, 1794, Svo.
4, 5, 6, 7. Dissertation on Fever, 4 Pts., viz.: 1795, '98, '99,
1802, 8vo. 8. Dissertation 5th, with conclusions to the
four preceding and present Dissertations, 1803, Svo. Posth.
Edited by W. C. Wells, M.D. Fordyce on Fevers, 2d
on Fevers, 2d
Amer. ed., Phila., 1846, Svo.
"The dissertations which compose the work of Dr. Fordyce on
Fevers are, of all his writings, these which in an especial manner
have established his reputation for sound medical views.”—South-
ern Jour. of Med, and Phar.
9. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1776, '79, '80, '85, '87, '92, '94.
10. Con. to Trans. Med. and Chir., 1792, 1800.
"It must be confessed that, notwithstanding his great learning,
which embraced many subjects noway allied to medicine. he sel-
dom wrote elegantly, often obscurely and inaccurately.”—Lon.
Gent. Mag., 1802; Obil. Notice, q. v.
¦
Fordyce, Henrietta, "relict of James Fordyce, D.D."
Memoir of, with orig. Letters, Anecdotes, and Pieces of
Poetry, with a Sketch of the Life of James Fordyce, D.D.,
Lon., 12mo.
"The book is a pleasant book, and could not be more interesting
than it is, if there was not one word of truth in it from beginning
to end. But it is a very entertaining and easily-written biography,
in which none of the sternness of fact has been made to give way
to the lighter graces of fiction.”—Lo. Literary Museum.
Fordyce, James, D.D., 1720–1796, a native of Aber-
deen, brother of David, James, and Sir William, also
noticed in this Dictionary, was educated at Marischal
Coll., and became minister successively at Brechin, Alloa,
and of a dissenting congregation of Monkwell Street, Lon-
don. He pub. several serms., poems. &c., 1752-91. 1. Cha-
racter and Conduct of the Female Sex, 1776, Svo. 2. Ad-
drosses to Young Men, Lon., 1777, 2 vols. Svo. His best
known work is the collection entitled Serms. to Young
Women, 1765, 2 vols. 12mo; 9th ed., 1778, 2 vols. sm. 8vo.
They discover much genius and imagination. a correct taste,
no little knowledge of the world, and a happy method of engaging
the attention and interesting the feelings.”—Wilson's Dissenters.
Fordyce, John, M.D.
!
C.
John, M.D. 1. Historia Febris Miliaris,
Lon., 1758, Svo. 2. Usefulness of Bark in Scrofula; Med.
Obs. and Inq., 1755.
Fordyce. William. Mem. con. Herculaneum. Trans,
from the Italian, Lon., 1750, 8vo; 1770, 4to.
Fordyce, William. History and Antiquities of the
County of Durham, 1857, 2 vols. demy 4to.
F
Letter, &c. rel. to Ostend Com-
Ancient Parliaments of France,
He professed to his wife that there would be much trouble
about Sir Rob. Carr, earl of Somerset, and the Lady Frances, his
wife. who frequently resorted to him. and from whose company he
would sometimes lock himself in his study one whole day. He
had compounded things upon the desire of Mrs. Anne Turner, to
make the said Sir Rob. Carr, callid quo od hanc, and Robert, earl
of Essex, frigid quo ed hane: that is, to his wife. the Lady Frances,
who had a mind to be rid of him, and be wedded to the said Sir
Robert. He had made also certain pictures in wax. representing
Sir Robert and the said lady, to cause a love between each other,
with other such like things; but Forman dying (he died suddenly
in a boat in the Thames] before he could effect the matter. Mrs.
Turner found out one Edward Gresham. an astrologer, to conclude
the matter; but he also, if I mistake not, dropt away before the
marriage of Sir Robert and the said lady was concluded.”—Uli
supra.
Forman, Sloper. Trans. from the French of M.
Forney's Elementary Principles of the Belles-Lettres, Lon.,
1766, 12mo.
Formby, Henry. 1. A Visit to the East, Lon., 1843,
fp. Svo. 2. C. C. Guide to Psalmody, 1847, fp. Svo. 3. The
Roman Ritual, 1849, 12mo. 4. The Young Singer's Book
of Songs, 1851, 4to.
Forrest. A brief Defence of Curing continued Fevers.
Forrest, Alex. Baptismal Psalmody, Lon.,1751, 12mo.
Forrest, Lt. Col. C. R. Pictorial Account of the
Rivers Gauges and Jumna, Lon., imp. 4to, with 24 col'd
views. Maps, &c., £4 48.; large paper, £6 68. This beau-
tiful work presents the most picturesque scenes of the val-
leys of these celebrated rivers. With the descriptions much
history is interspersed.
Forrest, Frederick. 1. Ways to Kill Care, by
Young D'Urfey, Lon., 1761, Svo.
Young D'Urfey, Lon., 1761, Svo. 2. A Rattle for Grown
Children; by Young D'Urfey, sm. Svo, with portrait, by W.
Elliot.
Forrest, John, M.D. Inoculation; Ann. of Med., 1811.
Forrest, Robert. Reports Cases in Ct. Exchequer,
Never
M. T. to T. T. 41 Geo. III., Lon., Pt. 1, 1802, Svo.
completed.
Forrest, Thomas. A Perfite Looking-Glasse for
all Estates; from Isocrates. &c., Lon., 1580. 4to.
Forrest, Captain Thomas. 1. A Voyage (1774-
76) to New Guinea and the Moluccas, &c., Lon., 1779, '99,
4to.
This work supplies what is wanting in Sonnerat's, as it is full
on the physical and moral character of the inhabitants, and on
their language, mode of life, and trade."-Stevenson's Cut. of Voy-
ages and Travels.
Sonnerat treats of natural history, especially of zoology
and ornithology.
615
FOR
FOR
2. A Vorage from Calcutta to the Mergui Archipelago, to quote the testimonies of Lady Montague, Colonel Cap.
&c., 1792, Ito.
6.
per, Dallaway, Lane, and others, to the value of this work,
as a faithful portraiture of the land where they "talk in
flowers."
•This work is justly of great authority for its details in mari-
time geography.” —Uvi supra.
Forrest, Wm. 1. A New Ballade of the Marigolde.
Reprinted in vol x. Harleian Miscellany. 2. Metrical
Account rel. to divorce of Q. Catharine. Reprinted in
vol. iv. Brit. Bibliographer. See an account of Forrest
and his works, printed and MS., in Athen. Oxou., Bliss's
edit.
Forrest, Wm. S. Hist. and Descrip. Sketches of Nor-
folk, Va., Portsmouth, &c., for 200 Years, Phila., 1853, Svo.
Forrester, Alexander, of the Middle Temple, was
a reporter of learning and skill, but would not permit his
name to be attached to the Chancery Cases temp. Talbot,
taken from his notes. This collection was first pub. in
1741; again in 1753, fol.; and in 1792, Svo, by J. G. Wil-
liams. They are sometimes cited as Forrester's Reports.
A number of cases in Hovenden's Supp. to Vesey, Jr.'s
Chancery Cases were also taken from Forrester's MSS.
Forster, Edward. See FOSTER.
Forster, Edward, Jr. Catalogus Avium in Insulis
Britannicis habitantium, Lon., 1817, Svo.
Forster, George, d. 1792, an employee in the Civil
Service of the E. India Company. 1. Sketches of the My-
thology and Customs of the Hindoos, Lon., 1785, Svo. 2. A
Journey from Bengal to England, 1798, 2 vols 4to; 1808,
2 vols. 8vo. This traveller is not to be confounded with
George Forster, the companion of Captain Cook, who,
being a foreigner, (George was a native of Dantzic, and
his father, J. R. Forster, a native of Dirschau,) can claim
no place in our Dictionary.
Gent. Farrier, 1788, Svo.
Forster,H.P. 1. A Bengalee and English Vocabulary,
Forry, S. 1. The Climate of the United States and in two Pts., Calcutta, 1799-1802, 2 vols. 4to. 2. Essay on
its Endemic Influences, N. York, 1842, Svo.
the Principles of Sanskrit Grammar, Pt. 1, 1801, r. 4to.
Forster, John. England's happiness increased by a
Plantation of Potatoes, Lon., 1664, 4to.
Forrester, Alfred Henry. See CROWQUILL, ALFRED.
Forrester, J. R. Chemical Observ. and Exper. on
Air and Fire, from the German of Chas. Wm. Scheele;
with Notes by R. Kirwan, and a Letter from Dr. Priestley,
Lon., 1780, 8vo.
Forrester, James. The Marrow and Juice of 200
Scriptures, Lon., 1611, 4to.
Forrester, Thomas. The Hierarchical Bishops,
&c.; in answer to Dr. Scott, Dr. Monro, and Mr. Honey-
man, 1699.
Forrester, Wm.
"The Arabian Nights have lost none of their charms for me. All
the learned and wiseacres of England cried out against this won-
derful work, upon its first appearance; Gray among the rest. Yet
I doubt whether any man, except Shakspeare, has afforded so
much delight, if we open our hearts to receive it. The author of
the Arabian Nights was the greatest benefactor the East ever had.
not excepting Mahomet. How many hours of pure happiness has
he bestowed on six-and-twenty millions of hearers! All the springs
of Desert the Arabs than those delightful
tales, and they cast their gems and genii over our benighted and
foggy regions."-LEIGH HUNT.
2. Anacreontis Odæ, &c., 1802, 8vo. 3. The Brit. Gal-
lery of Engravings, with descriptions. 12 Nos. complete;
52 Plates, £2 28. each; large paper, £3 13s. 6d. each.
North sale, with proofs and etchings on India Paper,
£40 198.
|
"A volume of highly interesting facts condensed into the
smallest compass.”—Løn. Athenæum.
2. Meteorology, 1843, fol.
Forset, Edward. Bodies Natural and Politique, 1606.
Forss, Charles. Practical Remarks upon the Educa-
tion of the Working Classes.
Forster, A. V. Fatal Ambition; a Rom., 1811.
Forster, Charles, Rector of Stifsted. 1. Discourses
on Scrip. Hist. &c., Lon., 1823, 8vo. 2. Critical Essays
on Genesis, Chap. xx., and on Saint Matthew, Chap. ii.
17, 18; with Notes, 1827, 8vo.
"The professed aim of Mr. Forster in the publication of these
essays, is to lower the modern continental system of biblical inter-
pretation."-Uin supra, q. v.
3. Mahometanism Unveiled, 1829, 2 vols. Svo.
"Objectional statements in this work. See Christian Observer
and Burder's Rise and Progress and Termination of Mahommedan-
ism, 1830, 8vo."-Bickersteth's C. S.
"The whole of the biography is written in a spirit of good feeling
and good taste, which do the highest honour to Mr. Forster.".
Brit. Mag.
5. The Apostolical Authority of the Epistle to the He-
brews, 1838, Svo.
Forster, John, of Beercrocombe. Serm., 1746, 4to.
Forster, John, of Eiton. Serms., 1755, '57, '64.
Forster, John. Observ. on our Saviour's Discourse
with the Pharisee Lawyer; anon., Lon., s. a., 12mo.
2. The Gospel Narrative, 3d ed., 1847, r. 8vo.
Also see a review in Brit. Critic, vii. 1. 4. Life of Bishop pointing out the solution of doubts and objections, and setting
"I think the work will be very acceptable to serious readers, by
Jebb; new ed., 1837, 8vo.
the language and actions of our blessed Lord in their true light."
-The Late Archbishop of Canterbury.
"I think it likely to be extensively and profitably used.”—
Archbishop of York,
"I know no Harmony which may be consulted with so much
advantage."-Bishop of Winchester.
"The irresistible conclusion from the whole of the author's ela-
borate researches is. that that Epistle is the genuine production of
the great apostle of the IIebrews.”—Horne's Bibl. Bib., q. v., et Bril.
Crit., xxvi. 167.
Forster, John, Her Majesty's Chaplain of the Savoy.
1. The Churchman's Guide; a Copious Index of Serms.
and other Works, by eminent Church of Eng. Divines,
digested and arranged, according to their subjects, and
brought down to the present day, Lon., 1840, Svo.
"I would have young clergymen make very great use of the
works of able Divines; not inconsiderately and servilely transcribe
them, but modify, digest, contract, amplify, vary, adapt them to
the purpose.—improve, if possible, what they may find in them:
for then it will fairly become their own, and mix naturally with
what proceeds altogether from themselves."-SECKER.
Also commended by the present Archbp. of Canterbury,
the Archbp. of Armagh, and the Bps. of Exeter, Lichfield,
Lincoln, Winton, Llandaff, and Worcester.
.
6. The Hist. Geography of Arabia; or, the Patriarchal Forster, John, of the Inner Temple, b. 1812, at New-
Evidences of Revealed Religion, 1844, 2 vols. 8vo. The castle, England, occupies an eminent position as a jour-
Appendix contains translations of the celebrated Hamya-nalist and author. He has for twenty-four years written
ritic Inscriptions, recently discovered in Hadramaut. for the London Examiner, for the last twelve of which he
7. The One Primeval Language, Pts. 1, 2, and 3, 1851-52- has had the sole charge of the editorial department. (Sen
54, 8vo. 8. Six Preacher Serms., 1853, Svo.
FONBLANQUE, ALBANY.) He has contributed to the
Edinburgh Review, the Foreign Quarterly Review, (of
which he was for four years the editor.) and other publica,
tions. After Charles Dickens left the Daily News, Mr.
Forster acted as editor for a short season. Mr. F. is best
known to the public by his two popular works entitled,
1. The Statesmen of the Commonwealth of England, Lon.,
1840, 7 vols. fp. Svo. New ed., 1854, 2 vols. demy Svo.
Also pub. in Dr. Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopædia, vols. ii., iii.,
iv., v., and vi. Amer. ed., N. York, 1847, Svo, edited by
Rev. J. O. Choules.
Forster, Rev. Edward. 1. The Arabian Nights'
Entertainment, trans., with engravings from pictures by
Sinirke, Lon., 1802, 5 vols. 8vo. Some copies on large
paper, 4to. Late eds., 1839, r. Svo; 1847, r. 8vo; 1853,
demy 8vo. This has been commended as a very elegant
translation. There are also versions by Beaumont, Lane,
Macnaghten, Scott, and Torrens. Respecting new transla-
tions, see Westminster Rev., xxxi. 265, xxxiii. 201, and
Lon. Monthly Rev., cix. 362. Also see notices of the
Arabian Nights in Lon. For. Quar. Rev., xiv. 350, xxiv.
139; Lon. Eclec. Rev., 4th s., viii. 641; Amer. Whig Rev., complete narrative of the most extraordinary and eventful period
"This chain of biographies may be considered as constituting a
vi. 601; and especially the introduction to Forster's trans., in the history of England. We regard them as additions of the
ed. 1839, by G. Moir Bussey. The Rev. Richard Holo's
very highest value to what we may term our political literature.”
Remarks on the Arabian Nights' Entertainments, Lon.,-Lon. Morn. Chron.
1797, 8vo, throw much light on the subject. This work 2. The Life and Adventures of Oliver Goldsmith, 1848.
was first introduced to European readers in 1704, through | 8vo. New ed.,-The Life and Times of Oliver Gold-
the French trans. of M. Antony Galland, Prof. of Arabic smith,-1854, 2 vols. 8vo. Abridged ed., 1855, cr. 8vo.
in the Roy. Coll., Paris. Mr. Forster trans. this into Eng- It is well known that the publication of this work
lish, correcting M. Galland's inaccuracies. Mr. Lane's was the occasion of a controversy with Mr. Prior rela-
trans. is immediately from the Arabic. This is a pleasant tive to the use made by Mr. Forster of his materials.
theme, and we leavo it with regret. We should be glad
We should be glad See Lon. Athenæum, June 16 and 17, 1848. Without
616
FOR
FOR
✓
"Mr. Forster's spirited and eloquent sketch, though deformed by
certain mannerisms, or rather Carlylisms, which we would rather
have seen avoided, is, unquestionably, a valuable addition to our
standard literary biography; whilst to the voluminous and in-
defatigable' Mr. Prior belongs the undisputed honour of having
collected and preserved, from tradition and other sources, nearly
all the particulars of Goldsmith's life, which could by possibility
be discovered. We do not wish to disparage the patient research
and enthusiastic labours of Mr. Prior, when we speak of Mr. Fors-
ter's work as readable, valuable, and entertaining: for the diligent
compiler and the skilful adapter are in our opinion equally en-
titled to their meed of approbation. Nor will we quarrel with the
work of Washington Irving. because it contains no startling fact
that is not to be found in the two preceding biographies."
F. LAWRENCE: Sharpe's Lon. Mug.
"Mr. Prior was a laborious collector of facts, who, by dint of pa-
tient research, and nothing else, made a book as little attractive
as a Life of Goldsmith could be. Mr. Forster drew from the distaff
thus carefully stored with raw material a smooth thread. around
which he allowed all the characteristic circumstances and associa-
tions of the time to crystallize. forming a mass at once solid and
transparent, but not without, now and then, a little superfluous
glitter. Mr. Irving, selecting at will from the whole. has. with his
usual taste, presented us with gems in order, fitly set,' from whose
shifting and delicate hues flashes forth a portrait, possessing the
accuracy without the hardness of the daguerreotype, though not,
like that, made of sunshine.”—N. Amer. Rev., 1xx. 266.
entering into any detailed discussion of the matter, for fragments remaining of Porphyry, Celsus, Hierocles, and Julian,
which we have neither space nor inclination, we may be
and giving them to us with a just, critical, and theological com-
excused for the expression of the opinion that Mr. Priorment, as a Defy to Infidelity.... This would be a very nobla
work. I know of none that has all the talents fit for it but your
greatly magnified his grievances, if indeed any existed, self.... Think of it: you cannot do a more useful thing to reli
of which we are by no means persuaded. Perhaps Mr. gion or your own character."-Bishop Warburton's Letter to Dr
Forster should have been rather more liberal in acknow- Forster.
ledgments; but Mr. Prior's claim to a permanent mono-
poly of facts, by whomsoever discovered, which have be-
come items of current knowledge, is surely untenable.
Mr. Forster's biography has been greatly and deservedly
admired: we have space for a few lines only of quotations,
and must refer the inquisitive reader to the Dublin Univ.
Our quota-
Mag., Sharpe's Mag., and the N. Amer. Rev.
tions shall be of passages in which the three prominent
biographers of Goldsmith-Prior, Forster, and Irving-
are all introduced.
•
Any writer might well feel proud of the commendation
of Washington Irving, and we therefore, in justice to Mr.
Forster, quote a graceful compliment paid to the latter in
the Preface to Irving's Life of Goldsmith. Mr. Irving's
original biographical sketch was published some years be-
fore the appearance of Forster's biography. This sketch
the author was induced to enlarge that it might take its
proper place in the revised series of his works, issued by
Messrs. George P. Putnam & Co. of New York. The re-
ference to Mr. Forster's biography alluded to is as follows:
Would that the bint had been carried out! The work
would have been curious and interesting; though, as re-
gards Evidences of Christianity, he who can withstand the
evidences within, around, and before him, written and un-
written, is surely beyond all human suasion.
Forster, Nathaniel, Rector of All-Saints, Colchester.
1. Serms., 1767, '70. 2. An Inquiry into the Causes of the
Present High Price of Provisions, in two Parts, Lon.,
1767, 8vo.
·
This is perhaps the ablest of the many treatises published
about this period, on the rise of prices. It contains, indeed, not
a few principles and conclusions that are quite untenable. But
the comprehensiveness of the author's views, and the liberal and
philosophical spirit by which the work is pervaded, make it both
valuable and interesting. It affords ample evidence of the
author's talent aud zeal for the public good."-McCulloch's Lil. of
Pulit. Econ.
·
•
•
3. An Answer to Sir John Dalrymple's Pamphlet on the
Exportation of Wool, Colches., 1782, 8vo.
Forster, Nicholas, Bishop of Killaloe. 1. Serm. on
1. Cor. i. 10, Dubl., 1716, 4to. 2. On Tim. ii. 1, 2, 1716, Svo.
Forster, R. B. Travels through Louisiana, trans.
from M. Bossu, 1771-72, 2 vols. 8vo.
--
· Chiefly interesting from the minute details into which it enters
respecting the Illinois territory. Mr. Forster's translation contains
a catalogue of American plants.”—Stevenson's Vinjages and Travels.
"When I was about of late to revise my biographical sketch,
preparatory to publication, a volume was put into my hands, re-
cently given to the public by Mr. John Forster, of the Inner Tem-
ple, who, likewise availing himself of the labours of the indefati-
gable Prior, and of a few new lights since evolved, has produced a
biography of the poet, executed with a spirit, a feeling, a grace,
and an elegance, that leave nothing to be desired. Indeed it would
have been presumption in me to undertake the subject after it had
been thus felicitously treated, did I not stand committed by my
previous sketch."
Mr. Forster has increased the obligations of the public
by the publication of his Lives of Daniel De Foe and
Charles Churchill. Reprinted, with Additions, from the
Edin. Rev., and forming Pts. 76 and 77, or vol. xxxviii.,
of Longman & Co.'s Travellers' Library. In these bio-
graphies Mr. Forster has pursued the same plan which
renders his Life of Goldsmith so valuable a picture of the
men and manners of the day: he surrounds us with the
shades of the departed great, the contemporaries of De
Foe and Churchill, whose influence pervaded all the rami-
fications of political and social life. Mr. Forster pub. in
1858 Historical and Biographical Essays, 2 vols.; com-
posed of articles originally contributed to quarterly reviews,
and of new matter. Commended in Lon. Athen., 1858, 620.
Forster, Joseph. The Origin of Evil, the Founda
tion of Morality, and the Immateriality of the Soul, 1734,8vo.
Forster, Nathaniel, 1717-1757, a divine of great
learning, was a native of Stadscombe, Devonshire, and
educated at Eton, and Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf., of which
he became Fellow, 1729; Rector of Hethe, Oxfordshire,
1749 Preb. of Bristol and Vicar of Rochdale, 1754;
Preacher at the Rolls, 1757. 1. Antiq. of Govt., Arts, and
Sciences, in Egypt, Oxf., 1743, Svo. 2. Platonis Dialogi
quinque, 1745, '52, '65. First ed. the best. 3. Account
supposed to have been given of Jesus Christ by Josephus,
Oxf., 1749, Svo. Highly commended by Warburton and
Bryant. 4. Biblia Hebraica, sine punctis, Oxon., 1750, 2
vols. 4to. 5. Remarks on Stibbing's Diss. on Marriage of
Minors, 1755. 6. Serms., 1746-67.
"I have often wished for a hand capable of collecting all the
|
M. Bossu pub. a few years afterwards Nouveaux Voyages
dans l'Amérique Septentrionale.
Forster, R. W. E. The Copyhold and Customary
Tenure. &c. Acts, 4 and 5 Vict., and 6 and 7 Vict., Lon.,
1843, 12mo.
Forster, Richard, M.D. Ephemerides Meteorologica
ad ann. 1575, &c., Lon., 1575, Svo.
Forster, Richard. Serm., 1684, 4to.
Forster, Rev. Richard. Bills of Mortality of Great
Shefford, and other con. to Phil. Trans., 1757, '59, '62.
Forster, Samuel. See FOSTER.
and Navigation, &c., Savoy, Lon., 1727, Svo.
Forster, Samuel. Digest of Laws rel. to Customs
The intro-
duction contains a valuable Dissertation on the Nature,
Extent, and Method of Collection of the Ancient Revenue
of the Crown.
Forster, Thomas. The Layman's Lawyer, 1656, '58.
Forster, Thomas. Serms., 1672, 1715, '18.
Forster, Thomas.
A New Island, lately raised out
Phil. Trans. 1722.
of the sea near Tercera;
Forster, Thomas. Serms. and Letters, 1759, '64.
Forster, Thomas. Tracts ag. Quakers, &c., 1810, '13.
Forster, Thomas. 1. Nat. Hist. of the Swallow,
6th ed., Lon., 1817, Svo. 2. Atmospheric Phenomena, 1813,
'15, '23, Svo. 3. Poems of Catullus, 12mo. 4. Perpetual
Calendar Illustrating the events of every Day in the Year,
as connected with Hist., Chronol., Botany, Nat. Hist., As-
tron., Customs, Antiq., &c., Svo.
6.
Much credit is due to the author for the mass of useful infor
mation he has compiled, and for the judicious manner in which he
has contrived to relieve the dryness of scientific detail by the in-
troduction of amusing anecdotes and occasional remarks."-Lun.
Eclectic Review.
Other works.
Forster, Thomas Furley. 1. Flora Tonbridgensis,
1801, 12mo; 1816, cr. Svo. 2. Viola. 3. Caltha; in Trans.
Linn. Soc., 1802, '07.
Forster, Thompson. 1. Con. Med. Facts, 1794, 38.
2. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1814.
Forster, Westgarth. Treat, on a Sec. of the Strats
from Newcastle-upon-Tyne to Cross Fells, 2d ed., 1821, Svo.
Forster, Wm. Oughtred's Circles, 1632, '60.
Forster, Wm. Causes and Cures of Diseases, 1745, Svo.
Forster, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1755, 4to.
Forster, Wm., Minister of the Congreg. Ch., Kentish
Town. Discourses, &c., Lon., 1850–52.
Forsyth, Alex. Culture of the Potato, Lon., 1848, Svo.
"The subjects are most judiciously handled.”—Donaldson's
Agricult. Biog.
Forsyth, C. Laws of Trusts in Scot., Edin., 1844, 8vo.
Forsyth, J. S. The Antiquary's Portfolio, Lon., 1825,
2 vols. p. Svo.
Forsyth, J. S. A Synopsis of Medical Jurisprudence,
Anatomically, Physiologically, and Forensically illustrated
for the Faculty of Medicine, Coroners, Magistrates, Law-
yers, and Jurymen, Lon., 1829, 12mo. This is indeed a
subject of great importance. See BECK, J. R. and JoнN
B.; DEAN, AMOS; DUNGLISON, ROBLEY; FARR, SAMUEL;
617
FOR
FOR
FONBLANQUE, JOHN S. M.; RAY, ISAAC; TRAILL, THOMAS
STEWART; STILLÉ, MORETON; WHARTON, FRANCIS, &C.
Forsyth, James. Serm., Lon., 1615, 4to.
Forsyth, John Hamilton. Mem. of, with a Selec-
tion of his Serms., by the Rev. Edward Wilson, Lon., 1849,
8vo; 2d ed., 1850, 8vo; 3d ed., 1851. Svo.
Forsyth, Joseph, 1763-1815, a native of Elgin, in the
county of Moray, conductor of a classical school at New-
ington-Butts, near London, travelled upon the Continent,
and was imprisoned for several years whilst Great Britain
was at war with France. Remarks on Antiquities, Arts,
and Letters, during an Excursion in Italy, 1802-03, Lon.,
1813, Svo; 4th ed., corrected and completed to 1835, Svo.
"The best book that has yet appeared on Italy, whether we con-
sider the depth and originality of the remarks. or the terseness and
nervousness of the language. Matthews justly describes it as `a
mine of original remarks, expressed in the most forcible language.'
"An admirable work, giving, in a short compass, much informa-
tion. and indicating strong powers of mind and a correct taste."-
Slevenson's Voyages and Travels.
3:2
"There are countries of the globe which possess a permanent
and peculiar interest in human estimation. They are those where
the most momentous historical events occurred and civilization
first dawned. Foremost among them stands Italy. Thus, so ac-
curate a work as the one mentioned will be perused with great
interest and pleasure."-N. Amer. Rev.
"An accomplished traveller, of extraordinary capacity, extensive
erudition, and refined taste."-LORD BYRON.
Forsyth, Robert. 1. Principles and Prac. of Agri-
1. Principles and Prac. of Agri-
cult. Explained, Edin., 1804, 2 vols. Svo. Originally pub.
in Encyc. Brit., 4th ed.
"The writer displays, throughout, much sound sense, and a
sober discretion, as in every work that was done by the author."
-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
2. Beauties of Scotland, 1805, 5 vols. 8vo. 3. The Prin-
ciples of Moral Science, 1805, vol. i., Svo.
66
It cannot be denied. we think, that it indicates very consider-
able talents, and treats of a most important subject with some
spirit and ingenuity."-LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Rev., vii. 413, q. v.
Forsyth, Wm., 1737-1804, a native of Old Meldrum.
county of Aberdeen, Sup't of the Chelsea Gardens until
1784, when he became Sup't of the Royal Gardens at Ken-
sington and St. James. 1. Diseases, &c. of Fruit and Fo-
rest Trees, Lon., 1791, 8vo. 2. Culture and Management
of Fruit Trees, 1802, 4to; 1824, 8vo. Trans. into French
by Pictet-Mallet.
Forsyth, Wm., Jr., son of the preceding, and his suc-
cessor at Chelsea Gardens. A Botanical Nomenclator, Lon.,
1794, 8vo. Highly esteemed in its day.
Forsyth, Wm., Barrister-at-Law, late Fellow of Trin.
Coll., Camb. 1. Abridgt. of the Stat. rel. to Scot., 1789-
1827, Edin., 1827, 3 vols. 8vo. 2. Dict. of the Stat. Laws
of Scot., 1842, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. Compos. with Creditors, Lon.,
1841, 8vo; 2d ed., 1844, 8vo. Amer. ed., Harrisburg, 1845,
Amer. ed., Harrisburg, 1845,
8vo. 4. Law rel. to Simony, 1844, 8vo. 5. Hortensius:
àn Hist. Essay on the Duties of an Advocate, 1849, p. Svo.
"Hortensius is an attempt to represent. in an historical fashion,
the progress of the writer's craft. from the rude forms of the an-
cient codes to the complicated machinery of modern statutes at
large; and we must admit that the author has written a very
pleasant and useful book."-Lon. Athenæum.
6. Laws rel. to the Custody of Infants, 1850, 8vo. 7. Hist.
of Trial by Jury, 1852, 8vo. Quoted in Lieber's Work on
Civil Liberty.
Fort, Francis. Gamaliel; a Serm., Lon., 1753, 8vo.
Fortescue, Earl. Selec. from the Speeches and
Writings of Lord King, with a Short Introductory Memoir
by Earl Fortescue, Lon., 1844, demy Svo.
"He possessed those great requisites of happiness-equanimity,
cheerfulness of temper, and the habit of continually employing
his mind in the pursuit of noble or useful objects.”—Lord King's
Life of Locke.
"Earl Fortescue has rendered good service to both economic
and moral science by this seasonable publication. His selections
are most judiciously made. and will raise his relative's character
as an able and upright politician, whose views were singularly in
advance of his age. while every parliamentary session adds proof
of their soundness."-Lom. Alhendum.
Fortescue, Lady E. Hymns, mostly from the Ger-
man, Lon., 1847, 18mo.
Fortescue,
J., D.D. Essays, Moral and Miscella-
neous, Lon., 1752, '59.
Fortescue, Sir John, supposed to have died about
1485, aged 90, was the third son of Sir Henry Fortescue,
Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. Prince, in his Worthies
of Devonshire, presumed him to have been educated at
Oxford, and Bishop Tanner locates him at Exeter Coll.
At Lincoln's Inn he soon became famous for his knowledge
of civil and common law, and in 1430 was made a Serjeant-
at-Law; in 1441, King's Serjeant-at-Law; and in 1442
Chief Justice of the King's Bench. He stood high in fa-
vour with Henry VI., and when that monarch was obliged
to take refuge in Scotland, Fortescue clung to his fallen
618
I
1
fortunes. It was probably at this time Henry created him
Chancellor of England. In 1463 he accompanied Queen
Margaret, Prince Edward, and a number of the adherents
of the House of Lancaster, to Flanders, where he remained
many years. Whilst thus in exile, he composed his cele-
brated work entitled De Laudibus Legum Angliæ, with a
view to the future guidance of Prince Henry, if he should
ever reach the throne. The young prince was cut off by
the hand of the murderer in the flower of his days, but the
De Laudibus Legum Angliæ has survived many thrones,
and is still resorted to as a fountain of inestimable wisdom.
Fortescue returned to England with Queen Margaret and
Prince Edward, and was taken prisoner after the battle
of Shrewsbury, in 1471. He was pardoned by King Ed-
ward, retracted a paper he had written against the claims
of the House of York, and lived the rest of his days in
learned retirement at Ebburton, in Gloucestershire. In
addition to the work noticed above, he left many Latin
tracts, (MSS.,). and an English treatise, entitled The Dif
ference between an Absolute and Limited Monarchy, as it
more particularly regards the English Constitution. This
was pub. in 1714, Svo, with Remarks by the author's de-
scendant, John Fortescue Aland. It proves and enlarges
upon the superior degree of liberty possessed by the Eng-
lish over the French. It was probably written after De
Laudibus, &c., as the author does not quote it in the latter
work. See Oldys's Brit. Lib., 250-254. The De Laudibus
Legum Anglia was first printed by Whitchurch, sine anno,
but in the early part of the reign of Henry VIII. In 1516,
12mo, a trans. into English, made by Robert Mulcaster,
was given to the world. Reprinted 1567, 73, '75, '78, '99,
1609, with Hengham's Summæ Magna et Parva, and Notes
by Selden on De Laudibus, &c.. 1616, '60, '72. Mulcaster,
the translator, says, in his dedication to John Walshe:
"It hapned me of late to light upon this little Treatise, which I
incontinent desired to runne ouer, because it seemed to discourse
upon some points of the law of our countrie whereof I myself then
was and am now a student. When I had ouerrunne it, and be-
good to translate it into English forth of Latine."
cause I wished all men to haue part of my delight, methought it
Selden, and a great variety of Remarks with respect to the
Trans. into English, illustrated with the Notes of Mr.
Antiq., Hist., and Laws of Eng.; to which are added the
Summæ of Hengham, by J. Glanvill, 1737, fol.; 2d ed., 1741.
with a large Hist. Pref. by Francis Gregor, 1775, 8vo.
New ed., including Selden's Notes and Hengham's Summæ,
The notes and references in this ed. are more ample than in
The last ed. of Fortescue is by A. Amos, Camb., 1825, Svo.
any of the preceding eds., and the trans. is more accurate.
The trans. is the same as Gregor's:
"Professor Amos judiciously retained some of the notes of former
editions, but for the most part added new ones, which are less
copious than Gregor's. Professor Amos discharged the office of
Annotator with ability and moderation."-Marvin's Leg. Bibl., q.
v. for a reference to authorities subjoined.
In 1663, fol., Mr. E. Waterhouse pub. Fortescutus Illus-
tratus; or, A Comment. on that Nervous Treatise, De Lau-
dibus Legum Angliæ. For Hargrave's opinion of this
Legum Angliæ are unquestionable; and, as we have already
work see WATERHOUSE, E. The merits of De Laudibus
stated, its authority has lost nothing by the lapse of time:
"All good men and lovers of the English constitution speak of
him with honour; aud he still lives, in the opinion of all true
Englishmen, in as high esteem and reputation as any judge that
ever sat in Westminster Hall."-JOHN FORTESCUE ALAND.
We quote some other commendations of this learned
Treatise:
"Aureolum hunc dialogum-libellum. de quo dicit potest id quod
de fluvio Teleboâ scripsit Xenophon, Μεγάς μεν, ον χαλος δε . . .
Certe leges nostriæ ut in illo libro videlis persapienter compo-
sitæ."-SIR WILLIAM JONES, in a letter to a learned foreigner.
"His writing showeth a sharp judgment, and in this is exquisite
and artificial, that when he endeavoureth to be plain, he speaketh
not to be profound, for he writ to a king, who deserved things
plainly opened."
"Sir John Fortescue, whose learned 'Commentaries on the Law'
make him famous to all posterity."-Fuller's Worthies of Devonshire.
"An admirable treatise, which, for the excellence of its method,
solidity of matter, and justness of its views, excels every work on
that subject."-HENRY.
"An ingenious defence of the Common Law of England against
the attacks of civil lawyers. Bracton and Fortescue are the two
most learned and almost the only learned of the Ancient Law-
yers."-BISHOP WARBURTON.
"It displays sentiments upon liberty and limited government
which one could not expect to find in a writer of this period; and
there runs through the whole an air of probity that conciliates the
attention of the reader."
See 10 Rep., Pref. 28; 3 Pref. 21; Willes, 543; 1 West's
Ca., temp. Hard., 27; 10 West. Rev., 97; North's Dis., 85;
No. 54, L. M., 283; 1 Kent, 501; Pref. Gregor's Fortescue;
Fulbeck's Preparative, 70; 4 Reeves's Hist., 112; Nicol-
son's Eng. Hist. Lib., 163; Marvin's Leg. Bib., 319.
FOR
FOS
Fortescue, Sir John. See ALAND, JOHN FORTESCUE. 1823-25, 2 vols. 4to; pub. in numbers, 1841, r. 8vo. New
Fortescue, John. Serm., 1760, 8vo.
ed., with improvements, 1843, 2 vols. r. 8vo; 107 Plates.
Fortescue, Thomas. The Foreste or Collection of "A work as original as it is important-elegantly written, and
Historyes-no less profitable than pleasant and necessary,
full of interesting information, with which every person of liberal
done out of French into English, Lon., 1571, 4to.
education ought to be acquainted. No good library should be
without it."-Lon. Literary Chronicle.
6.
11. Archæol. Sketches of Ross and Archenfield, 1821,
12mo. 12. The Tourist's Grammar, 1826, 12mo. 13. A
Treatise on the Arts, Manners, Manufactures, and Institu
tions of the Romans, 1833-35, 2 vols. fp. 8vo; Lardner's
Cyclopædia. Every antiquarian collection should contain
Mr. Fosbrooke's works.
The genius of these tales may be discerned from their history.
The book is said to have been written in Spanish by Petro de
Messia, then translated into Italian, thence into French by Claude
Cruget. a citizen of Paris, and lastly from French into English by
Fortescue. But many of the stories seem to have originally mi-
grated from Italy to Spain."—Worton's Hist. of Eng. Port.
Forth, Earl of. Letter to Earl of Essex, 1643, 4to.
Forth, Henry. Supper of our Lord, 1548, 16mo.
Forth, Wm. Letter to Bp. of Norwich, 1813.
Fortnum, Mrs. 1. The Adventures of Victor Allen;
a Nov., 1805, 2 vols. 2. Cordelia, 2 vols.
Fortrey, Samuel, a Gentleman of the King's Bed-
Chamber. England's Interest and Improvement, consist-
ing in the Increase of the State and Trade of this King-
dom, Camb., 1663. '73, 1744, 8vo.
..
Chiefly remarkable for having powerfully assisted in raising
and perpetuating that prejudice against the trade with France
which resulted not long after in its almost total prohibition."-
McCulloch's Lil, of Polit. Ecơm.
Fortune, E. F. T. 1. Epitome of the Stocks and
Funds, Lon., 1796, 12mo; 16th ed., by D. M. Evans, 1851,
12mo. 2. Hist. of the Bk. of England, 1796, 8vo. 3. Nat.
Life Annuities, 1809.
Fortune, Robert, b. 1813, at Berwick, Scotland.
Three Years' Wanderings in the Northern Provinces of
China; 3d ed., Lon., 1853, 2 vols. P. Svo.
*
Mr. Fortune was sent to China for the purpose of obtaining new
plants, and his instructions directed him to pay all possible attention
to the horticulture and agriculture of the people; and on these
points his work will be most welcome.”—Lon. Gardener's Chron.
"This is a genuine book,—as full of interest and amusement as
it is empty of pretences at fine writing."-Lom. Athen.
I
Two Visits to the Tea-Countries of China, 2 vols. p. Svo.
A Residence among the Chinese; being the Third Visit,
from 1853 to 1856, Svo, 1857.
Fosbrooke, John. Six Serms., Camb., 1633, 4to.
Fosbrooke, Thomas Dudley, 1770-1842, educated
at St. Paul's School, and Pembroke Coll., Oxf.; M.A.,
1792; Curate of Horsley, 1794; Curate of Walford, 1810,
and Vicar, 1830. 1. The Economy of Monastic Life, as it
existed in England; a Poem, with Philos. and Archæol.
Illust., Lon., 1795, 4to. 2. British Monachism; or, Man-
ners and Customs of the Monks and Nuns of England.
To which are added, I. Peregrinatorium Religiosum, or
Manners and Customs of ancient Pilgrims; II. Consuetu-
dinal of Anchorets and Hermits; III. Account of the
Continentes, or Women who had made Vows of Chastity;
IV. Four Select Poems, in various Styles, 2d ed., 1817, 4to.
"A considerable portion of this work having been re-written.
with the view of introducing large and important accessions from
the ancient Chroniclers, and especially from DU CANGE, (a work as
recondite as MS. to all but our first antiquaries,) the present
edition, enlivened by reflections suited to history, is adapted, not
to the antiquary only, but to the general reader, as interest, cu-
riosity, and entertainment, have been studiously consulted."
New ed., with addits., 1843, 2 vols. r. Svo.
The first edition of this work was most favourably no-
ticed by all the Reviews.
"Mr. Fosbrooke has given to the publick, chiefly from MS. au-
thorities, a comprehensive view of the character and manners of
monastic life; and has brought together many facts, which serve
to cast a light on the history of human nature. The manners of
the period which furnished his materials were so entirely different
from those of the present times, that the relation of them is highly
gratifying and instructive. This work contains much curious
and original information.”—British Critic, 1802.
See this work reviewed in the Gentleman's Magazine
for January, February, and March; and also in the British
Critic for February, 1818.
See a review of this work, and an elaborate paper on
British Monachism, by Robert Southey, in the London
Quart. Rev., xxiii. 59–102.
"Having thus noticed some errors in Mr. Fosbrooke's work, it
would be highly unjust were we not at the same time to state
that it contains a great deal of curious and recondite information,
and that, wherever the subject permits, the author gives proof in
the liveliness of his expressions of a vigorous and original mind."
-Ubi supra.
"Fosbrooke's learned work on British Monachism."-SIR WALTER
SCOTT.
3. Hist. of the County of Gloucester, from the Papers of
Ralph Bigland, &c., 1807, 2 vols. 4to. 4. Letter to Can-
ning, 1809, Svo. 5. Key to the N. Test., 1815, 12mo.
Compiled from Whitby, Hammond, and Bishop Mann.
6. Berkeley MSS., 1821, 4to. 7. Companion to the Wye
Tour, Ross, 1821, 8vo. 8. Account of Cheltenham, Lon.,
12mo. 9. Account of Ragland Castle, 12mo. 10. Ency
clopædia of Antiquities and Elements of Archæology,
Fosket, Henry. 1. Facts Explan. of his Conduct,
1810, 8vo. 2. Rights of the Army Vindicated, 1810, 8vo.
3. Supp., 1812, Svo.
Foss, Edward. 1. The Grandeur of the Law; or, the
Legal Peers of England: with Sketches of their Profess.
Career, Lou., 1843, 12mo. 2. The Judges of England, vol.
i., 1066-1199; vol. ii., 1199-1272, pub. Lon., 1848, Svo.
Vols iii. and iv., 1272-1483, 1851, 8vo. Vol. v., The Tudors,
and vol. vi., The Stuarts, 1857, (an interesting portion of
constitutional history.)
Notices of vols. iii. and iv.:
literature, a deficiency long felt and acknowledged by more than
This work will supply an important deficiency in English
those engaged in the study and practice of the law.... The
Judges of England is an excellent book, and will, without doubt,
be appreciated as well by the public at large as by the members
of the legal profession.”—Tail's Elin. Mog.
•
tion, and a better general view of a strictly legal history than any
A correction of many errors, an addition of much new informa-
other jurist, historian. or biographer, had heretofore attempted to
give."-L'm. Examiner.
··
A work which cannot be too highly estimated. whether for
the importance of its object, or the great learning, extraordinary
research, judgment, and impartiality, which are bestowed on all
parts of its composition.”—Lon. Legal Observer.
"He has written a book which has added more to our know.
ledge of legal history than any single book published since Ma
dox's History of the Exchequer.”—Lon. Gent. Mag.
Foss, John. Serm., 1735, Svo.
Fossat, George. On the Trinity, Lon., 1796, '97, Svo.
Fossat, Thomas. Serm., 1613, Svo.
Foster. 1. First Principles of Chemistry, N. York,
12mo. 2. Chart of the Organic Elements.
Foster, Mrs. 1. Handbook of Modern European
Literature, Lon., 1849, 12mo. The object of this book
is not so much to give elaborate criticisms on the vari-
tended as a guide, as to direct the student to the best
ous writers in the languages to whose literature it is in-
writers in each, and to inform him on what subjects they
have written.
6.
of her researches are so laboured, and the information she has ga
The attempt of the authoress is educational; but the qualities
thered is so comprehensive, that the book will be an acquisition
to every well-selected library as a means of reference in all cases
where memory fails, or where much time without it would be lost
in making researches"-Bell's Lon. Messenger.
2. Vasari's Lives of the Painters, Sculptors, and Archi-
tects; trans. by Mrs. F., and pub. in Bohn's Standard
Library, 5 vols. p. Svo.
6
"The enthralling Biographies of Vasari,-biographies which,
from their peculiar diversity and fascination, have caused the late
unfortunate Haydon to exclaim with enthusiasm. If I were con-
fined to three books in a desert island. I would certainly choose
the Bible, Shakspeare, and Vasari.” ”— Westminster and For. Quar.
Rev.
Foster, Lt., of the First Dragoons. Military Instruc-
tions from the late King of Prussia to his Generals, 1797.
Foster, A. F. 1. Spanish Literature, Lon., 1851,
12mo. 2. General Treatise on Geography, 1852, 12mo.
3. Italian Literature, 1853, 12mo.
Foster, Anthony, 1785-1820, of Charleston, S. C.
Serms.
Foster, Arthur. Digest of the Laws of Georgia,
1820-29, inclusive, Phila., 1831, Svo.
"This is an unauthorized Digest, embracing the same period as
Dawson's, and contains au Appendix of Forms used in carrying
the Laws into effect."
Foster, Sir Augustus J., Brit. Sec. of Legation at
Washington, 1804–06; Envoy to America, 1811-12. Notes
on the United States, Lon., 1841, 8vo. Unpublished. See
an interesting review of this work, with many extracts, in
the Lon. Quar. Rev., lxviii. 20–57.
6.
We cannot conclude without once more hinting our hope that
Sir Augustus Foster may give these Notes to the public at large.
The specimons now quoted will, we are persuaded, induce both
friends and strangers in England and in America to unite in our
wishes."—Ubi supra.
Foster, Benjamin,1750–1798, minister in New York,
was a native of Danvers, Mass. Theolog treatises.
Foster, Birket. 1. Christmas with the Poets; a
collec. of Songs, Carols, &c., with 50 Illus. by B. F., Lon.,
1850, r. Svo; 2d ed., 1851, г. 8vo.
619
FOS
FOS
"We unhesitatingly place this most perfect specimen of biblio-
graphic art at the head of its class. It is a work of enduring
value, as well in its literary as in its elegant embellishments."-
N. York Literary World.
2. Cowper's Task, with Illustrations, Edin., 1855. The
London Art Journal says of it:
“We wonder what the bard of Ouse would say to this exquisite
edition of his favourite poem, could he see it. Such a lover of na-
ture as he was, how his eye would have lighted up at Mr. Foster's
delicious bits of landscape-simple, truthful, and poetical as the
lines they illustrate. We have often bad occasion to commend
Mr. Foster's landscape compositions, but we have never seen his
pencil more charmingly evinced than on this volume."
"One of the most beautiful gift-books which has appeared this
season-one of the most beautiful. indeed, which has ever appeared
in any season—is a new edition of The Task,' of Cowper, richly
illustrated by Birket Foster."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
"Among the pictorial gift-books of the season, the chief place
belongs to the illustrated edition of Cowper's Task.' It is alto
gether a beautiful work, and one of perennial value."-Lon. Lit.
Gazette.
To Mr. Foster we are indebted for a number of other
beautiful Illustrations.
Foster, C. J. 1. On the London University. 2. Ele-
ments of Jurisprudence. 1854, p. Svo.
Foster, or Forster, Edward. Prin. and Prac. of
Midwifery. Completed and corrected by J. Sims, M.D.,
Lon., 1781, Svo.
Thoughts on the Times, but
chiefly on the Profligacy of Women, and its Causes, Lon.,
Foster, Francis.
1779, 12mo.
•
Foster, George. 1. Sounding of the last Trumpet,
1650, 4to. 2. Pouring out of the Seventh and last Vial,
1650, 4to.
Foster, Georgius. De Epilepsia, Lugd. Bat.,1679,4to.
Foster, Hannah, an American authoress. The Co-
quette; or, The History of Eliza Wharton. New ed., with
a Preface by Mrs. Jane E. Locke, 1855. This melancholy
story is founded on fact. See CHENEY, HARRIET V.; CUSH-
ING, MRS.
Foster, Henry. Trained Bands of London, 1643, 4to.
Foster, Henry. Serm., 1777, 8vo.
Foster, Henry, 1745-1814, entered at Queen's Coll.,
Oxf., 1764; Perpetual Curate of St. James's, Clerkenwell,
1804. 1. Grace Displayed and Saul Converted; sub. of a
Serm., Acts ix. 11, Lon., 1776, 8vo. New ed., 1814, 8vo.
2. The Bible Preacher; or, Closet Companion for every
Day in the Year, 1824, 12mo.
••
A work worthy the attention of all clergymen, dissenting mi-
nisters, and all denominations of Christians.”—Linondes's Brit. Lib.
Foster, Rev. J. K. 1. Recollec. of Rev. G. D. Owen,
Lon., 1838, 8vo. 2. Convers. on Brit. Ch. Hist., 1848, 12mo.
3. Strong Consolation, or the Penitent Sinner Encouraged,
32mo.
Foster, James, D.D., 1697-1753, a native of Exeter,
began to preach as a dissenting minister, 1718, minister at
Barbican, London, 1724; at Pinner's Hall, 1744. He was
originally an Independent, but was subsequently baptized
by immersion. In 1728 he commenced the series of Sun-
day Evening Lectures-continued for more than twenty
years-which were numerously attended by persons of all
ranks of life and all classes of opinions.
"Here." says Dr. Fleming, " was a confluence of persons of every
rank. station, and quality. Wits. free thinkers. numbers of clergy;
who, whilst they gratified their curiosity. had their professions
sbaken and their prejudices loosened. And of the usefulness and
success of these lectures he had a large number of written testi-
monials from unknown as well as known persons."
Perhaps no preacher ever maintained an enthusiastic
popularity for a longer period. Pope sang his praises, and
Savage declared there was none to be named with him.
“Let modest Foster, if he will, excel
Ten Metropolitans in preaching well."
Pref. to Pope's Satires.
"But see the accomplish'd Orator appear,
Refined his language, and his reason clear!
Thou, Foster, only, hast the pleasing art,
At once to charm the ear, and mend the heart.”
SAVAGE.
Lord Bolingbroke noticed the popular favourite after his
own fashion, by ascribing to him, but erroneously, it is said,
the absurd saying, often quoted by shallow disputants,
"Where mystery begins, religion ends.”
But it has been remarked that,
"Whatever his personal virtues and popular talents, he neither
professed nor possessed much zeal for the essential doctrines of
Christianity."
1. Occasional Serms., 1720, '32, '41, '42, 8vo. 2. Serms.,
1732, 33, 37, Svo. 3. Serms.. in 4 vols. 8vo; 4th and best
ed., 1755. 4. Discourses on Natural Religion and Social
Virtues, 1749–52, 2 vols. 4to. 5. Essay on Fundamentals;
especially the Trinity, 1720, 8vo.
A celebrated essay.
6. Defence of the Usefulness, Truth, and Excellency of the
Christian Religion, 1731, 8vo. Written against Tindal.
"This is generally and justly acknowledged to be an ingenious
performance, and written with great clearness of thought and ex-
pression."-Leland's Deistical Writers. q. v.
"It reflects much credit on the abilities and ingenuity of the
author." See Wilson's Hist. of Diss. Churches.
7. Answer to Dr. Stebbing's Letter on Heresy, 1735, 8vo;
do. to his 2d Letter, 1736, Svo.
Foster, John. 1. Oratio habita Cantabrigiæ in Col-
legio Regali, Cantab., 1752, 4to. 2. Dissertatio, Lon.,
1758, 4to.
Foster, John, of Elton. Serms., Lon., 1756, '57, Svo.
Foster, John, 1731–1773, a native of Windsor, edu
cated at Eton and King's Coll., Camb.. Master of Eton,
1765; Canon of Windsor, 1772.
Quantity. Eton, 1762, Svo; 3d ed., 1820, Svo. An esteemed
An Essay on Accent and
work. The 3d ed. contains Dr. Gally's two Dissertations
against pronouncing the Greek language according to
accents.
Foster,Rt. Hon. John,M.P. Speeches, 1793,'99,Svc.
Foster, John. Poems on Relig. Subjects, 1798,
Svo.
Mass., husband of Hannah Foster, author of The Coquette.
Foster, John, D.D., 1783–1829, minister of Brighton,
Serms., 1799, 1802, '03, '05, '09, '17.
Foster, John. On the Method of Illustrating Scrip-
ture from the relation of Modern Travellers, 1802, Svo.
Foster, John, 1770–1843, a native of Yorkshire, Eng-
land, was the son of a farmer, who employed his leisure
hours in weaving, and taught his son the use of the hand-
wheel. When 14 years of age, John was placed under the
care of a manufacturer, who soon discovered that his stu-
dious apprentice would prove but an unprofitable assistant.
to study for the ministry, and entered the Baptist College
Discharged from a distasteful employment, he determined
abilities. In 1792 he commenced preaching, and officiated
at Bristol, where he soon gained distinction by intellectual
chester, Downend, near Bristol, and Frome, in Somerset-
among the Baptists at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Dublin, Chi-
shire, in succession. Obliged by a glandular affection of
the neck to discontinue preaching, he retired to Stapleton,
position, for which few have been so well qualified. He
near Bristol, and here he devoted himself to literary com-
was the principal contributor to the Eclectic Review, and
for a period of thirteen years wrote for its columus those
and durable a reputation. We should not fail to mention
excellent essays which gave that periodical so extensive
that the "Friend" to whom he addressed his essays was a
Miss Maria Snooke of Downend, who subsequently became
Mrs. John Foster. For further particulars respecting this
excellent man and eminent writer, we must refer the reader
to his Life and Correspondence, by J. E. Ryland; with No-
tices of Mr. Foster as a preacher and companion, by John
Sheppard, Lon., 1846, 2 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1848, 2 vols.
Svo. New ed., (Bohn's Stand. Lib.,) 1852, 2 vols. 12mo;
Boston, 1850, 2 vols. in 1, 12mo.
¡
in his own words, a full and faithful register of the leading events
In the interesting volumes before us we find. and principally
in his life, and of the more interesting movements in his spiritual
history. The book is arranged on a plan somewhat similar to that
adopted in Carlyle's work on Cromwell. The biography constitutes
an intermitting chain between the numerous letters, and is exe-
cuted in a modest and intelligent manner. Besides his correspond-
ence, there are large and valuable excerpts from his journals, and
to the whole are appended interesting though slight notices of his
character, from the pen of Mr. Sheppard.”—Gilfillan's Second Gal-
lery of Lil. Portraits.
In 1805 Mr. Foster pub. (1.) Essays, in a Series of Let-
ters to a Friend, on the following subjects: 1. On a man's
writing memoirs of himself; 2. On Decision of Character;
3. On the application of the epithet Romantic; 4. On some
of the causes by which Evangelical Religion has been ren-
dered less acceptable to persons of cultivated taste, 9th ed.,
1830, Svo. The final corrections of the author appear in
this ed., from which the subsequent eds. were printed; 13th
ed., 1839, 12mo; 21st ed., 1850, p. 8vo.
I happened myself to be in Bristol at the moment when his
four essays were first issuing from the press; and everywhere 1.
heard so pointed an account of the expectations connected with
book without delay. It is a distant incident to look back upon;
Foster by his religious party, that I made it a duty to read his
gone by far more than thirty years; but 1 remember my first im-
pressions. which were these:-first, That the novelty or weight of
the thinking was hardly sufficient to account for the sudden prpu-
larity, without some extra influence at work; and, secondly. That
the contrast was remarkable between the uncoloured style of his
general diction, and the brilliant felicity of occasional images em-
broidered upon the sober ground of his text. The splendour did
not seem spontaneous, or growing up as part of the texture within
the loom; it was intermitting, and seemed as extraneous to the
substance as the flowers which are chalked for an evening upon
the floors of ball-rooms."-De Quincey's Essays on the Poets and
other Eng. Writers, q. v.
The eminent authorities next to be quoted take a very
different view of our author.
620
FOS
FOT
"The author places the idea which he wishes to present in such
a flood of light, that it is not merely visible itself. but it seems to
illumine all around it. Ile paints metaphysics, and has the happy
art of arranging what in other hands would appear cold and com
fortless abstractions, in the warmest colours of fancy. Without
quitting his argument in pursuit of ornament or imagery, his
imagination becomes the perfect handmaid of his reason, ready at
every moment to spread her canvas and present her pencil."
ROBERT HALL.
•
I have read, with the greatest admiration, the Essays of Mr.
Foster. He is one of the most profound and eloquent writers that
England has produced.”—SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH.
"Mr. Foster's Essays are full of ingenuity and original remarks.
The style of them is at once terse and elegant."-DR. DIBDIN:
Library Comp.
"A very accurate and powerful writer of the present day, Mr.
Foster, in his Essay on Decision of Character," &c.-SAMUEL WAR-
REN: Ten Thousand a Year. And see the same author's Introduc.
to Law Studies.
It would be easy to multiply commendations.
In 1819 appeared (2) the Essays on the Evils of Popu-
lar Ignorance. New ed., 16th thousand, including the
Discourse on the Communication of Christianity to the
People of India, 1850, sm. Svo.
This the author considered his best work, and is the one
by which he wished his literary claims to be estimated.
The fact of its not having sold so well as his other Essays
was, he used to say, a proof of Popular Ignorance. The
author was not the only admirer of his performance:
“A work which, popular and admired as it confessedly is, has
never met with the thousandth part of the attention which it de-
serves. It appears to me that we are now at a crisis in the state
of our country and of the world. which renders the reasonings and
exhortations of that eloquent production applicable and urgent
beyond all power of mine to express."-DR. J. PYE SMITH.
If any have yet to learn the Evils of Popular Ignorance, let
them survey the chambers of imagery in this original and affect-
ing Essay, and if they can receive impressions, they will never
more forget that the people are destroyed for lack of knowledge."
-DR. JOHN HARRIS, author of Mummon.
3. Contributions, Biographical, Literary, and Philosophi-
cal, to the Eclectic Review, 1840, 2 vols. 8vo.
They are worthy to go along with the reviews of Hall, Macau-
lay, and Jeffrey. Profound, keen, courteous, powerful in reason-
ing, vigorous and massive in style, and eminently Christian in
sentiment, they will suffer nothing by comparison with the writ-
ings of those justly-celebrated men in the most important points,
while in some they possess an evident superiority.”—Lon. Congre-
"-Lon. Congre-
gational Mug.
"We believe that no Review in England. in America. or on the
Continent, can boast of more precious treasures than those dis-
closed in the volumes before us.”—Lon. Erangelical Mag.
We question if there be another Review in Europe that could
show such a series of papers as Foster contributed to the Eclectic."
-United Secession Magazine, August,
"Had the Eclectic Review achieved nothing else for letters and
piety than eliciting the contributions of Foster, it would have
established strong claims to public gratitude.”—Lon. Christian
Witness.
4. Lectures delivered at Broadmead Chapel, Bristol.
1st Series, 1844, Svo; 3d ed., 1848, 12mo. 2d Series, 1847,
Svo; 2d ed., 1848, 12mo.
"We know of nothing in the language equal to the Lectures
upon Historical Subjects from the Öld and New Testaments in
point of graphical vividness of description and profoundly instruct-
ive comment. All the discoveries are rich in thought and deeply
impressive; and of all Mr. Foster's writings, they give us the best
and truest impress of the real character of his mind."-Lon.
Patriot.
5. Introductory Essay to Doddridge's Rise and Progress,
1847, 12mo.
"In simplicity of language, in majesty of conception, in the elo-
quence of that conciseness which conveys, in a short sentence,
more meaning than the mind dares at once admit, bis writings
are unmatched.”—North British Review.
64
"In point of direct religious utility, it has been surpassed by
none of his writings."-Ryland's Life of Foster, vol. ii. p. 17.
..
Several parts I have had to write anew and differently; minor
corrections to an endless amount. To think how much ado, of
talking, fretting, pacing the room morning and night, pleading
excuse from preaching and visiting, setting aside of plans for
South Wales, &c.; and all for what?-a Preface to Doddridge's
Rise and Progress."-Jons FOSTER.
|
His Essays are original, and calculated to enlarge the mind."
-Bickersteth's C. S.
For twenty years we have been enthusiasts in reference to this
writer's genius."-GILFILLAN: Second Gallery of Lit. Poet.
;
“Mr. Gilfillan possibly overrates the power of this essayist, and
the hold which he has upon the public mind. It is singular.
meanwhile, that whatever might be its degree. much or little, ori-
ginally his influence was due to an accident of position, which, in
some countries, would have tended to destroy it. He was a Dis-
senter."—DE QUINCEY: Essays on the Poets, and other Eng. Writers.
The reader can pursue the subject in the two works last
named, and many of the leading periodicals of the day.
Foster, John Leslie. 1. Essay on the Principles
of Commercial Exchanges, &c.. Lon., 1804, Svo.
"In this very able treatise Mr. Foster gives the earliest explana-
tion of the real nature and influence of absentee expenditures that
we have met with."-McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Ecom.
2. Speech rel. to R. Catholics in Ireland, 1812, Svo.
|
Foster, Joseph. See FORSter.
Foster, Mark. A Treat. of Trigonometry.
Foster, Sir Michael, 1689-1763, an eminent law-
yer, a native of Marlborough, Wiltshire, educated at Exe-
ter Coll., Oxf., entered the Middle Temple in 1707, was
knighted and made a Judge of the Court of King's Bench
in 1745. 1. Letter to Prot. Dissenters, 1720. 2. Exam.
of the scheme of Church Power laid down in the Codex
Juris Ecclesiastici Anglicani, &c., 1735.
In this he controverted the system of Church power rested in
the clergy, and which forms the groundwork of Bishop Gibson's
'Codex.
Several answers appeared, the principal one by Dr. An-
drews, a civilian.
drews, a civilian. 3. The King against Alex. Broadfoot,
Oxf., 1758, 4to. 4. Report, &c. rel. to trial of the Rebels
in 1746; 1762, fol.; 1776, 8vo. New ed., with Discourses
upon a few Branches of the Crown Law, 1792, Svo; 3d ed.,
with Appendix, cont'g Foster's Opinion, &c., and Notes
and References by Michael Dodson, 1809, Svo.
"The truly admirable discourses of Sir Michael Foster.”—JUDGE
STORY: Miscell. Writings. 76.
The author did not attempt to write a regular Treatise upon
Crown Law. His discourses are much admired for their sound
and accurate learning."
See Pref. Gilbert's Evid., by Lofft, 37; Cowp., 7: 3 East,
582; Warren's Law Stu., 620; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 321.
Michael Dodson, his nephew, pub. his Life in 1811, 8vo.
Foster, Nich. Rebellion in Barbadoes, 1650, Svo.
Foster, P. L. N. Act rel. to Wills, Lon., 1837. 12mo.
Foster, Rev. Randolph S., b. 1820, in Williams-
burg, Ohio.
burg, Ohio. 1. Objections to Calvinism. 2. Christian Pu-
rity, N.Y., 1851, 12mo. 3. Ministry Needed for the Times.
Foster, Richard. To the Rulers in Israel, 1650.
Foster, Robert, or William. Hoplocrisma-Spon-
VS; or, A Sponge to wipe away the Weapon-salve, Lon.,
1631, 4to.
Foster, Samuel, d. 1652, a native of Northampton-
shire, educated at Emanuel Coll., Camb., was elected Prof.
of Astronomy in Gresham Coll. in 1636, and again in 1641.
He was a distinguished mathematician. His principal
works are-1. Descrip. of a Quadrant, Lon., 1624, 4to.
Several eds. 2. The Art of Dialling, 1638, &c., 4to. 3. Four
Treatises on Dialling, 1654, 4to. 4. Horologiography, 1654,
4to. 5. Miscellanea, Eng. and Lat., 1659, fol.
Foster, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1631, 4to.
Foster, Thomas. See FORSTER.
Foster, Thomas. Chrestomatheia; or, A Collection
of Morality and Sentiment extracted from various Authors,
1793, 12mo.
Foster, Wm. See FORSTer.
Foster, Wm. See FORRESTER.
Foster, Wm., D.D. Visit. Serm., Lon., 1802, 4to.
Foster, Rev. Wm., Head Master of St. Paul's School,
Southsea, has pub. Greek and Latin Grammars, &c., and
works on Arithmetic and Algebra.
Foster,Mrs.W. Lady Marion, Lon.,1853, 3 vols. p. Sro.
"This fascinating novel needs not the attraction of the name of
the late Duke of Wellington's niece upon the title-page to com-
uneud it to the novel-readers of the fashionable world. The work
gives evidence of talent of no common order.”—John Bull.
Foster, Wm. L. New Hampshire Reports, vols. i.,
ii., iii., pub. to 1854, Boston, Svo.
1.
Fotherby, Martin, D.D., 1559-1619, a native of Lin-
colnshire, educated at, and Fellow of, Trin. Coll., Camb.,
Preb. of Canterbury, 1596; Bishop of Sarum, 1618.
Fovre Serms., Lon., 1608, 4to. 2. Atheomasti; or, The
clearing of Four Truths against Atheists, &c., 1622, fol.
Fothergill, Anthony, a husbandman, pub. three
theolog. treatises, Lon., 1754, '56, Svo.
Fothergill, Anthony, M.D., of Northampton, pub.
treatises on Fever, Poison, &c., 1763-99, and contrib. pro-
fess. papers to Med. Obs. and Inq., and Phil. Trans., 1767-
1805.
Fothergill, Charles. 1. The Wanderer: Tales and
Essays, 1803, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Essay on Natural History,
1813, 12mo.
Fothergill, George, 1705–1760, a native of West-
moreland, educated at, and Fellow and tutor of, Queen's
Coll., Oxf.; Principal of Edmund Hall, and Vicar of Bram-
ley, Hampshire, 1751. 1. Occas. Serms., Lon., 1756, 57,
58, Svo. 2. Serms., 1761, 62, 8vo; Oxf., 1765, 2 vols. Svo.
"His sermons display a large share of manly sense. They are
clear, rational, and instructive. His turn of thought and expres
sion is ingenious and sprightly.”—Lon, Month. Rev.
Fothergill, John, M.D., 1712-1780, an eminent phy-
sician, a member of the Society of Friends or Quakers,
was a native of Carr End, Yorkshire. After travelling on
the continent, be settled in London, where he gained such
fame in his profession that he enjoyed an income of about
621
FOT
FOW
£7000, and left an estate of £80,000. He endowed a semi-
nary for young Quakers at Ackworth, near Leeds, assisted
Sydney Parkinson in his account of his South Sea Voy-
age, and printed Anthony Purver's (a Quaker) trans. of
trans. of
the Bible from the Hebrew and Greek, at an expense of
£2000. 1. Thesis de Emeticorum usu, in variis Morbis
tractandis, Edin., 1738, Svo. 2. Sore Throat with Ulcers,
Lon., 1748, '54, 8vo. 3. Rules for the Preserv. of Health,
1762, Svo. 4. Acct. of Dr. Collinson, 1770, 4to. Anon,
5. Explan. Remarks to the Pref. to Sydney Parkinson's
Jour. of a Voy. to the South Seas, 1773, 4to. 6. Hydro-
phobia, 1778, Svo. 7. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1736. 8. Con.
to Phil. Trans., 1744. 9. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1755,
'67, '78, '84. His Works, edited by John Elliot, M.D.,
with Life and Notes, 1781, Svo. By Gilbert Thompson,
1782, Svo. By Dr. Lettsom, 1783, 2 vols. 8vo; 1784, 4to.
Hortas Uptoniensis; or, A Cat. of Stove and Greenhouse
Plants in Dr. Fothergill's Garden at Upton, at the time of
his decease, 1784, 8vo.
"The person of Dr. Fothergill was of a delicate rather than ex-
tenuated make. Ilis features were all expressive, and his eye had
a peculiar brilliancy. His understanding was comprehensive and
quick, and rarely embarrassed on the most sudden occasions.
There was a charm in his conversation and address that conciliated
the regard and confidence of all who employed him; and so dis-
creet and uniform was his conduct, that he was not apt to forfeit
the esteem which he had once acquired."
See authorities cited above; also Chalmers's Biog. Dict.;
Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes; Physic and Physicians; The
Lives of Brit. Physicians; and for a list of his separate
papers in Ed. Med. Ess., Phil. Trans., and Med. Obs. and
Ing., refer to Bibl. Brit.
Fothergill, Samuel, d. 1773, an eminent Quaker
preacher, brother of the preceding, travelled over England,
Scotland, Ireland, and North America, holding religious
meetings. He was greatly respected. 1. Remarks on an
Address to the People called Quakers, and a Serm., &c. by
M. Pilkington. In a Letter to the Author; with Observ.
by Phipps, 1761, Svo. 2. Reply to E. Owen on Water Bap-
tism, 1763, 8vo. 3. Letters, 1816.
Fothergill, Samuel, M.D. Tic Douloureux, Lon.,
1804, Svo.
Fothergill, Thomas. Articles against Capt. Neid-
ham, 1653, 4to.
Fothergill, Thomas, D.D. Provost of Queen's Coll.,
and Preb. of Durham. Serms., Oxf., 1749, '53, '56, '60,
'62, '64.
Account of all Serms. preached before Parliament, 1840-
48; in Wood's Collect., Ashmole's Museum, $480, 18.
Foulis, Sir James, Bart., d. 1791. 1. Lett. on Irish
Affairs, Lon., 1805, Svo. 2. Catholic Emancip., 1812,
διο.
Foulis, Oliver. Under this name David Lloyd pub.
his work Of Plots, &c., Lon., 1664, 4to.
Foulis, Robert, d. 1776, a celebrated printer, as was
also Andrew, his brother, who d. 1774. Cat. of Robert
Foulis's Pictures, by the most admired Masters, Lon., 1776,
3 vols. Svo. Sold at a great sacrifice. The balance over
the expenses amounted to only fifteen shillings. Respect-
ing the brothers Foulis, see Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes; Le-
moine's Hist. of Printing; Timperley's Dict. of Printers
and Printing.
|
Fouler. See FOWLER.
Fouler, Wm. Truth's Vindication of Election and
Reprobation, Lon., 1652, 12mo.
Foulface, Philip. Bacchvs Bovntie, Describing the
Bacchvs Bovntie, Describing the
debonaire dietie of his bountiful godhead, in the royall
obseruance of his great feast of Pentecost. Necessaire to
be read and marked of all, for the eschuing of like enor-
mities. By Philip Foulface of Ale-foord, student in good
fellowship, Lon., 1594, 4to. Partly in verse and partly in
prose; much in the style of Robert Greene. Three sheets
only. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 74, £6. It is reprinted in the
Harleian Miscellany.
to
"The intention of this Pamphlet was to expose the sin of drunk-
enness, and the folly and danger of those who give themselves up
to that chargeable, silly, and health-destroying vice: a vice, in
which a man takes the utmost pains to drown his own reason,
commence a fool. the object of a soher man's resentment and re-
proach, and to ruin both bis own estate and constitution.”—ULDYS.
To this "let all the people say, Amen!"
Foulis, or De Foliis, Henry, 1638?-1685. entered
Queen's Coll., Oxf., 1654; Fellow of Lincoln's Coll., 1659;
took holy orders, but devoted himself to historical studies.
1. Hist. of the Wicked Plots and Conspiracies of our blessed
Saints, the Presbyterians, &c., Lon., 1662; Oxf., 1674, fol.
"Which book, tho' full of notable girds against that party, yet
it hath been so pleasing to the royalists. (who have found much
wit and mirth therein.) that some of them have caused it to be
chained to desks in public places, and in some country-churches,
to be read by the vulgar. But as by the publishing of this book he
hath much displeased the Presbyterians, of whom some have fallen
foul upon him in their writings for so doing; so hath he more
displeased another party for the writing of this book following:
[2.] The History of the Romish Treasons and Usurpations, with
an Account of many gross Corruptions and Impostures of the
Church of Rome, &c., Lon., 1671 and '$1, fol. Which book, had it
not fallen into the hands of a knavish bookseller, might have been
extant in the lifetime of the author, and so consequently more
compleat and exact than it now is. At its first publication, I was
informed by a letter written by a noted man of that party, that
the papists did leok upon the said book as a simple thing-That
be (the author) fought against his own shadow, and that all sober
Catholics did disallow much of what he combats against.”—Athen.
Oxon.
#6
Watt ascribes to Foulis (3) Cabala; or, the Hist. of the
Con renticles Uncased, 1664, 4to; and Foulis left a MS.
Foulkes, E. S., Fellow and Tutor of Jesus Coll., Oxf.
Manual of Ecclesiastical History from the 1st to the 12th
Cent. inclusive, Oxf., 1851, Svo. Mr. Foulkes's principal
authorities are—Spanheim, Spondanus, Mosheim, Fleury,
Gieseler, and Döllinger.
“Mr. Foulkes writes in a spirit of manly faith.”—Scottish Eccles.
Jour., May, 1852.
Foulkes, Martin.
See FOLKES.
Foulkes, Peter, D.D. Serm., Oxf., 1723, 4to.
Foulkes, Robert. 1. Alarme for Sinners, Lon., 1679,
4to. 2. His Confession and Life, 1679, 4to. An Account
of His Trial and Execution for Murder and Adultery was
pub. in the same year.
Foulston, J. Public Buildings of the West of Eng-
land. Lon., 1838, imp. 4to.
"The noble, elegant. and truly classical works of this eminent
Architect furnish admirable examples both of taste and profes-
sional skill in grappling with and overcoming some of the difficul-
ties of the art, namely, in arrangement and adaptation."-BRITTON
and BRAYLEY.
Fountain, John. His Catechisme, trans. by T. W.,
(Tho. Wilcox,) 1578, 8vo.
Fountain, John. The Rewards of Vertue; a Come-
die. Lon., 1661, 4to. Altered by Shadwell, and represented
with success under the title of The Royal Shepherdess,
T. C., 1669, 4to.
Fountain, or Fountayne, John, D.D., Dean of
York. Fast Serm.. Lon., 1756, Svo.
Fountaine, Sir Andrew, d. 1753, an eminent anti-
quary, the friend of Dean Swift and other wits of the age,
is commended for his antiquarian knowledge by Montlau-
con in the preface to L'Antiquité Expliquée. Swift often
mentions him in his Journal to Stella.
1. Numismata Anglo-Saxonica et Anglo-Danica reviter
illustrata, Oxon., 1704, fol. Vide Hickes's Thesaurus.
2. Notes in Anglo-Saxonum Nummosa D. Andrea Foun-
taine editos, (ab Edv. Thwaites,) Oxon., 1708, Svo. 3. His
Case in relation to a Bill under the name of Sir Charles
Hoit, Bart., fol.
Fountaine, John. Letter to Dr. Turner concerning
the Ch. and the Revenues thereof, Lon., 1647, 4to. Anon.
Fountainhall, Lord. Chronol. Notes of Scot. Affairs,
1630-1701, taken chiefly from the Diary of Lord Foun-
tainhall, Edin., 1822. 4to.
Fountainhall, Sir John Lauder, Lord. Decisions
of the Lords of Council and Session, 1678-1712, Edin.,
1759-61, 2 vols. fol.
Four, Du, W. See Durour.
Fourestier, James. The Pearle of Practise; or,
Practiser's Pearle for Physicke and Chirurgerie; found out.
by J. H., (John Hester.) a Spagericke, or Distiller, amongst
the learned obseruations and proued practices of many
expert men in both faculties, Lon., 1594, 4to.
Fourestier, Paul. Serm., Lon., 1758, 8vo.
Fournier, Daniel. Perspective, Lon., 1762, 4to. This
is based on the principles laid down by Dr. Brook Taylor.
Fovargue, Stephen. A new Cat. of Vulgar Errors,
Lon., 1767, Svo. Intended as a supplement to Dr. Thomas
Browne's work of the same title.
Fowke, John. Account of his Enquiries for Extin-
guishing Fires, fol.
Fowldes, Wm. The Strange and Wonderfull and
bloudy Battell betweene Frogs and Mice; a Poem, 1603, 4to.
Fowle, Fulmer Wm., Preb. of Salisbury. 1. Twelve
Serms., Lon., 1835, 36, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Serms. on Faith,
1845, 12mo. 3. Memoranda of 1846, '47, fp. Svo, 1848.
Fowle, Thomas. Almanacks, 1681, '84, 12mo.
Fowle, Wm., M.D. 1. Hurricanes, &c. in W. Indies,
Lon., 1781, 8vo. 2. Mercury in the Small-Pox, 1793, Svo.
3. Fevers of the W. Indies, 1800, Svo.
Fowler. Serm. on Luke xxiii. 19, 1699, 4to.
Fowler, Christopher, 1611-1676, a clergyman of
the Church of England, joined the Presbyterians in 1641,
and became a noted preacher, as we shall presently see.
622
FOW
FOX
1. Dæmonium Meridianum, 1st Pt., 1655, 4to; 2d Pt.,
1656, 4to. This work relates to the ejection of Rev. John
Pordage. 2. Anti-Christian Blasphemies, &c., 1655, 4to.
3. Answer to Thos. Speed, a Quaker, 1656. In this he
was assisted by Simon Ford. George Fox animadverts
upon this work. 4. Serm., 1675, 4to. 5. A few Occasional
Serms.
A very conceited and fantastical preacher.... For by his very
many odd gestures, and antic behaviour (unbeseeming the serious
gravity to be used in the pulpit) he drew constantly to his con-
gregation a numerous crowd of silly women and young people, who
seemed to be hugely taken and enamour'd with his obstreporous-
ness and undecent cants."-Athen, Oxon.
It is to be remembered that Anthony Wood shows no
mercy to Dissenters; especially such as had left the
Church of England; unless, indeed, they became Roman
Catholics. Mr. Cooper describes Fowler as
"An able. holy, faithful, indefatigable servant of Christ. He
was quick in apprehension. solid in his notions, clear in his con-
ceptions, sound in the faith, strong and demonstrative in arguing,
mighty in convincing, and zealous for the truth against all errors.'
Fowler, David Burton. The Prac. in the Ct. of
Exch. upon Proceed. in Equity, 1795; 2d ed., 1817, 2 vols.
8vo.
""
Fowler, Edward, 1632-1714, originally a Presby-
terian, conformed at the Restoration; Preb. of Gloucester,
1676; Bishop of Gloucester, 1691. He pub. many serms.
and theolog. treatises, the best-known of which is The
Design of Christianity, Lon., 1671, 8vo; 3d ed., 1699, 8vo.
This was attacked by John Bunyan, and defended by the
author. Libertas Evangelica, a sequel to the Design of
Christianity, was pub. in 1780. The Design, &c. will be
found in the 6th vol. of Bishop Watson's Collec. of Theolog.
Tracts.
"This work was first published in 1671: there have been seve-
ral editions of it since, but not so many as, from the worth of it,
might have been expected.”—BISHOP WATSON.
Fowler, George. 1. Three Years in Persia, Lon.,
1841, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
"Mr. Fowler's volumes possess great interest for those who love
to study pictures of foreign life.”—Lon. Athenæum.
2. Lives of the Sovereigns of Russia, from Rurick to Nicho-
las: vols. i. and ii., p. Svo, 1852, '54; iii., 1858: see Lon.
Athen., 1858, 687. 3. Hist. of the Ottoman Empire, 1854, p.8vo.
Fowler, J. Hist. of the Troubles in Suethland and
Poland which occas. the expul. of Sig. III., Lon., 1656, fol.
Fowler, John, b. at Bristol, England, d. at Neumark,
Germany, 1579, a learned English printer, educated at
and Fellow of New Coll., Oxf., reduced into a Compen-
dium the Summa Theologica of Aquinas, wrote Epigrams
and other verses, and engaged in some other literary
labours, 1578, &c., besides printing many books in favour
of Romanism.
*
Being a zealous papist, he could not comport with the Reforma-
tion, but conveyed himself and his press over to Antwerp, where
he was signally serviceable to the Catholic cause, in printing their
pamphlets, which were sent over and sold in England."-Fuller's
Worthies of Bristol.
"He was well skill'd in the Greek and Latin tongues, a tolerable
poet and orator, and a theologist not to be contemn'd. So learned
was he also in criticisms, and other polite learning, that he might
have passed for another Robert, or Henry, Stepbeus, printers."-
Athen. Oxon.
See the above authorities, and Dodd's Church Hist.,
vol. i.
Fowler, John, surgeon at Ayton. Hints rel. to re-
covery of the drowned, Lon., 1784, Svo.
Fowler, John. The Last Guinea; a Poem, Svo.
Fowler, Orrin S. Works on Physiology, Education,
Phrenology, &c., N. York, 1848-53, &c.
Fowler, Richard. Animal Electricity, or Galvanism,
Edin., 1793, Svo.
Fowler, Robert. A Quaker's Sea Journal, 1659, 4to.
Fowler, Thomas. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1754, Svo.
Fowler, Thomas, M.D., 1736-1801, a native of
York, England, practised at Stafford and York. 1. Dis-
sertatio Medica, Edin., 1778, Svo. 2. Med. Reports of the
Effects of Tobacco, 1785, Svo. 3. Effects of Arsenic, 1786,
8vo. 4. Effects of Blood-letting, &c., 1795, Svo. 5. Con.
to Med. Com., 1777, '78, '94. 6. Memoirs Med., 1792.
Some idea of his indefatigable labours may be conceived, when
we mention that he left in manuscript the history of more than
six thousand cases, which fell under his own inspection and treat-
ment." See Rees's Cyclopædia.
Fowler, W. The Eastern Mirror; an Illust. of the
Scriptures from celebrated Travellers, Exeter, 1814, Svo.
This is an abridgt. of Harmer and Burder, with some ad-
ditions.
Fowler, W. C. The English Language in its Ele-
ments and Forms, N. York, 1850, Svo.
"A work of great elaboration and care, which carries the rela-
T
I
!
tions of grammar to other sciences further than is usual in such
treatises."- Watchman and Observer.
Fowler, or Fouler, Wm. Answer to Hamilton, 1581.
Fowler, Wm. Engravings of Mosaic Pavements and
paintings in Stained Glass, 2 vols. eleph. fol., Winterton,
York; v. y.
Of this beautiful work not forty copies were
completed. It is worth about £24. Mr. Fowler, who was
originally a journeyman carpenter, was emphatically the
author of this book; for he made the drawings and en-
gravings, prepared the colours, and even made the paper
itself.
Fowles, Rev. James H., 1812-1854, b. at Nassau,
New Providence, was the son of Lt. Henry Fowles of the
British Army. He graduated at Yale College in 1831, and
about 1833 was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of
New York. He subsequently received ordination at the
hands of Bishop Bowen of S. Carolina, and, after officiating
in several parishes in that State, in 1845 accepted the rec-
torship of the Church of the Epiphany, Philadelphia, then
recently vacated by the removal of the Rev. Dr. Stephen
H. Tyng to New York. He here laboured with great zeal
until within a few months of his death, when obliged to
resign his duties from ill health. 1. Protestant Epis. Views
of Baptism Explained and Defended, Phila., 1846, 18mo.
2. Serms. [30] preached in the Church of the Epiphany,
Phila.; preceded by a biographical sketch of the author,
1855, 8vo.
"We should be glad to make some extracts from these sermons,
but it is about as difficult to do this as it would be to substitute
any other language for that of the author. Each sermon is a piece
of solid masonry. It must be taken as a whole to be appreciated:
and. what is uncommon. there is not a sermon in the book which
will not read better the second time.
will not read better the second time. For close logical reasoning,
for distinctness of doctrine, for scriptural style, and for power of
thought, few sermons we have ever seen equal them."-Piol. Epis.
Qur. Ker, and Ch. Reg., N. York, April, 1855.
Mr. Fowles also edited and wrote Introductions to Goode's
Better Covenant and The Convict Ship.
Fownes, George, late Prof. of Prac. Chem. in Univ.
Coll., London. 1. Chemistry as exemplifying the Wisdom
and Beneficence of God, being the Actonian Prize Essay
of 100 Guineas, awarded by the Com. of the Royal Instit.
of G. Brit., Lon., 1844, p. Svo; 2d ed., 1848, 12ino.
interest. He has embraced all the leading facts of the subject. and
"The field which the author has gone over is one of the utmost
made them to bear upon his principal argument.”—Lom. Athenæum,
2. Chemical Tables, Lon., 1846, sm. fol. 3. Introduc. to
Qualitative Analysis, 1846, p. Svo. 4. Rudimentary Che-
mistry, 1848, 12mo.
1844, fp. 8vo; 4th ed., revised, 1852; 5th ed., with addits.,
5. Manual of Elementary Chemistry,
edited by H. Bence Jones, M.D., and A. W. Hofman, Ph.
D., 1854; 4th Amer. ed., by Robert Bridges, M.D., Phila.,
1855, r. 12mo.
An admirable exposition of the present state of chemical sci-
ence. simply and clearly written, and displaying a thorough prac
tical knowledge of its details, as well as a profound acquaintance
with its principles. The illustrations, and the whole getting up
of the book, merit our highest praise."-Bril. and For. Med. Rev.
"One of the best elementary works on Chemistry accessible to
the American and English student."-N. York Jour. of Med., March,
1854.
..
Fownes, Joseph. Serms., &c., Lon., 1760-90.
Fownes, or Fowns, Richard, D.D., domestic
chaplain to Prince Henry, son of James I. 1. Concio ad
Clerum Academia Oxon., Lon., 1606, 4to. 2. Trisagion;
or, the Three Offices of Christ, 1619, 4to. 3. Serm., 1660.
Fox, General. Hist. of the War in the Peninsula,
Lon.. 1837. 3 vols. Svo.
..
ever attempted."-Lon. Monthly Review.
Without question, the most eloquent and masterly picture
Fox, Abr. L. Surgery, Lon., 1656, Svo.
Fox, Bohun. Self-condemned Quaker, 1707, Svo.
Fox, Charles. A Series of Poems, Bristol, 1797, Svo.
Fox, Rt. Hon. Charles James, Jan. 24, 1749-
Sept. 13, 1806, second son of the first Lord Holland and
Lady Georgiana Carolina, eldest daughter of Charles,
Duke of Richmond, was educated at Eton, and at Hert-
ford Coll., Oxf. He studied the classics to great advan-
tage under the eye of the celebrated Drs. Barnard and
Newcome, and distinguished himself by his proficiency in
the ancient languages. This taste and erudition he re-
tained through life, as is abundantly evinced by his let-
ters to Gilbert Wakefield and his controversies with Dr.
Warton. In his 14th year he visited the continent, and
also in 1765 and '66, where that love of gaming was ac-
quired which proved the bane of his future life. In 1768
he took his seat in Parliament, and entered upon that
brilliant political career which for a long term of years
gave him so commanding a position in the eyes of the
world. As it is in this capacity that Mr. Fox is princi-
pally known, a detailed account of his life will not be
FOX
FOX
'
expected in a work devoted to authors and their produc- cation of Fox's History, by Sergeant Samuel Heywood,
tions. It is sufficient that we indicate the works where 1811, 4to. There was also pub., in 8vo, a work entitled
fuller information can be had. The student is therefore Remarks on Fox's History of James II. We should not
referred to-1. Hist. of the Political Life and public Ser- omit to state that, of the History of James, some copies were
vices as a Senator and a Statesman of the Rt. Hon. C. J. pub. on large paper, 4to, and some of elephant folio size.
Fox, Lon., 1783, 8vo. 2. Memoirs of the Life of R. B. "It was also during the early progress of printing the first volume
of these [Typographical] Antiquities, at Mr. Savage's, in Bedford-
Sheridan, 1799, Svo. 3. Recollec. of the Life of C. J. F.,
by B. C. Walpole, 1806, Svo. 4. Gent. Mag., Sept. 1806, bury, Covent-Garden, that I used to see the sheets of Mr. Fox's
Work up in every direction through the dwell
pp. 883-886.
5. Memoirs of the Public Life of C. J. F., ing-house and adjacent yard. It will be naturally supposed that
by R. Fell, 1808, 4to. 6. Lord Holland's (his nephew) In- five thousand copies of a quarto volume, with five hundred more
troduc. to C. J. F.'s Hist. of the Early Part of the Reign upon a larger paper, and yet another two hundred and fifty of an
of James II., 1808, 4to. 7. Characters of the late C. J. F., elephantine size, were not likely to be carried through the press
where the premises were small, without seeming to suffocate every
selected and in part written by Philopatris Varricensis,
passage and corridor of the building. · [Note.] It was doubtless
1809, Svo. This work, principally a collection of eulogies the boldest experiment ever made with a large paper speculation:
upon Fox, is by Dr. Samuel Parr. See a review of it by but it succeeded. In due course, what at first came forth as a rapid
the Rev. Sydney Smith, Edin. Rev., xiv. 353. 8. Memoirs and overboiling torrent. at a high price, subsided into a quiet chan-
nel, and became obtainable on very moderate terms. Yet, consider
of the latter years of C. J. F., 1811, Svo. Appendix, same
ing the extraordinary number of copies printed, 1 do not consider
year, by J. B. Trotter. This gentleman was Mr. Fox's this book of the commoueat possible occurrence. As the work of
private secretary. 9. Sir S. E. Brydges's ed. of Collins's an AUTHOR whose name can never perish, it must necessarily form
Peerage, 1812. 10. Corresp. of C. J. F. with Gilbert Wake-part and parcel of every well-ordered library. Why is it not
field, 1796-1801, 1813, 8vo. See end of this article. classed in rank and file' with the octavo IIUMES. ROVERTSONS, and
¡
GIBBONS?"-Dibdin's Reminiscences of a Lit. Life, vol. i., 277.
11. Speeches in the H. of Commons, with an Introduc. by
Lord Erskine, 1815, 6 vols. 8vo. 12. Rees's Cyclopædia,
12. Rees's Cyclopædia,
1819. 13. Occasional Speeches, etc., 1782-1803. 14. Article
Fox, Charles James, in Watt's Bibl. Brit., vol. iii., 1824.
15. Field's Memoirs of Parr, 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. 16. His
•
Speeches, (Modern Orator, vol. ii.,) 1847, r. Svo; 3d ed.,
1853. 17. Select British Eloquence, by C. A. Goodrich,
D.D., N. York, 1852, Svo. 18. Memoirs and Corresp. of
Francis Horner, 1853, 2 vols. 8vo. 19. Memorials and
Corresp. of C. J. F., edited by Lord John Russell, vols. i., ii.,
iii., pub. to Dec. 1854. 20. Hist. Sketches of the most
eminent Orators and Statesmen of ancient and modern
time, N. York, 1855, Svo. 21. Article BURKE, EDMUND, in
Allibone's Critical Dictionary of English Literature and
Eng. and Amer. Authors, Phila., 1859, imp. 8vo.
A copy of the elephant quarto size was illustrated by the
late Mr. Gray of Harringay Park, at an expense of 36
guineas. It is bound in 2 vols. 4to. It fell into the hands
guineas. It is bound in 2 vols. 4to.
of Mr. H. G. Bohn of London, who offered it at the trifling
price of £S Ss.
This article is already longer than we can well justify,
yet we feel unwilling to conclude without quoting a few
lines of tribute to the eloquence of this great orator. This
subject is ably treated by our learned and excellent corre
spondent, Dr. C. A. Goodrich, in his admirable work, already
To these many other works might be added; such as
Wraxall's Memoirs, Wilberforce's Life, &c., but our list is
sufficiently long for most readers. In addition to the
Speeches, &c. already referred to, Mr. Fox is the author
of some juvenile Latin and Greek compositions, some
referred to, entitled Select British Eloquence. In this
pieces in the New Foundling Hospital for Wit, an Essay volume, which should be in every collection of any pre-
on Wind, of which 50 copies were privately printed, political tensions, will also be found six of Mr. Fox's best speeches.
pamphlets, the 14th, 16th, and perhaps some other numbers Undoubtedly Fox owed much of his success as an orator
of the " Englishman," pub. in 1779, and a History of the
to the most careful and elaborate cultivation of his great
Early Part of the Reign of James II., pub. in 1808, 4to, natural genius. He proposed to himself, as the first object
by his nephew, Lord Holland. This is an unfinished pro- of life, oratorical distinction; and by gradual ascents he at
duction, written with great accuracy, but with such phara-length reached the summit.
reached the summit. We by no means rank him
saical punctiliousness of style, that the absence of the with Pitt in vigour, or with Burke in fervour; but in prompt-
Rerum copia verborum of Cicero is painfully felt.
ness, lucidity, and fulness, Fox knew no superior.
"Ile once assured me, says Lord Holland, that he would admit
no word into his book for which he had not the authority of
Dryden."
Burke describes him exactly, in those graphic lines
which excited the bitter indignation of meddling, pompous
little Dr. Parr:
“I knew him when he was nineteen; since which time he has
risen by slow degrees to be the most brilliant and accomplished
debater the world ever saw.”
This remark reminds us of the elegant, the truly classi-
cal, compliment paid by Mr. Prescott to Washington Irving
in the Preface to the History of Ferdinand and Isabella.
The eloquent historian, who has performed his task in that,
masterly manner which forbids all regret at the selection
of his theme, remarks that had Mr. Irving persevered in
a design once entertained by him of occupying the same
ground, he should have abandoned the field,
"If not from courtesy, at least from policy: for, though armed
with the weapons of Achilles, this could give me no hope of suc-
cess in a competition with Achilles himself."
Had Dryden's vocabulary been at the command of the
historian of the Reign of James II., we should still have
lacked the magical charm which captivates the reader of
the Essay on Dramatic Poesy. We may truly apply to
him what he declares of Shakspeare:
"Dryden's magic could not copied be,
Within that circle none durst walk but he."
In the House of Commons, indeed, Fox could display
the force and beauties of the English tongue in a manner
which Dryden would have gladly copied; but he needed
the excitement of opposition or the stimulus of immediate
applause, and sank in the socket when there was no one to
admire his brilliancy. Dr. Parr, whose admiration of Fox
was excessive, and who would have commended the his-
tory of Tom Thumb, if recorded by the leader of the New
Whigs, is glad to have a legitimate occasion for the ex-
pression of his devout veneration.
[C
"Nothing," says he, referring to Fox's History of James II.,
can exceed his anxious endeavour to discover the truth of facts
for himself, nor his scrupulous care to present it fairly and fully
to his readers. In this respect, all must own he discharged his
trust with ability rarely equalled, and with fidelity never sur-
passed."
Yet the work elicited Some Observations, by the Rt. Hon.
George Rose, 1809, 4to, which were answered in a Vindi-
The topmost step [of Authorship] may be considered as
the tender of the leading booksellers of the day to become pur-
chasers (and of course publishers) of Mr. Fox's Historical Work,
when Mr. Miller was the fortunate adventurer at the price of FOUR
THOUSAND GUINEAS.”—Ibid., vol. i., 185.
The octavo size, for which Dibdin, the Bibliomaniac,
sighed, can now be obtained. Fox's History was pub. in
an octavo vol. by Bogue of London, in 1846, bound with
Armand Carrel's Revolution in England; again, 1854. See
CARREL, ARMAND.
This is it: he was a brilliant and accomplished debater.
He had on ordinary occasions far greater power over his
auditors than either of his great contemporaries and rivals.
He lacked the moral elevation and the commanding sway
of Pitt, but he knew better how to touch the passions. He
had less philosophy than Burke, but he possessed far more
tact. In the knowledge of man he was inferior to either,
but in the knowledge of men he left both far in the rear.
Their respective influence over their auditors illustrated.
our distinction. When Pitt thundered his anathemas,
they hung their heads with confusion; when Burke ex-
horted them by their love of virtue and truth, they were
half persuaded to make an alliance with virtue; but when
Fox arose, full of blandishments of voice and manner,
and instructed and amused them by turns, they forgot
their terror and their repentance, and gave him their hearts
and their votes.
The discussion of the question, how far the eloquence
of Fox may properly be compared with the ancient model,
to which doubtless he laboured to conform his style, has
elicited opinions so contradictory, from two great critics,
that we may well decline to enter the lists.
"He certainly possessed, above all moderns, that union of reason,
simplicity, and vehemence, which formed the prince of orators.
He was the most Demosthenean speaker since Demosthenes.”—SIR
JAMES MACKINTOSH.
But, says Lord Brougham, in reference to this dictum,-
"There never was a greater mistake than the fancying a close
resemblance between his eloquence and that of Demosthenes."
In reviewing these rather antagonistic opinions, Dr.
Goodrich points out ten characteristics of the oratory of
Fox which bear a striking resemblance to the well-known
K
624
FOX
FOX
/
peculiarities of Demosthenes, and instances other points
in which the dissimilarity is quite as obvious. The clear-
ness of intellect which distinguished the great English
orator did not lack that prevailing influence which can
only be lent by the warmth of the passions.
..
His feeling." says Coleridge, was all intellect, and his intel-
lect was all feeling.'
"
"I have seen his countenance," says Godwin, "lighten up with
more than mortal ardour and goodness; I have been present when
bis voice was suffocated with tears.”
In kindliness of temper and geniality of disposition in
private life no man surpassed the indignant "Thunderer"
of the Commons of England. He knew no animosities
outside of the lines of party entrenchments.
"He was," said Mr. Burke, shortly after their separation, "a man
who was made to be loved.”
Dr. Franklin, a close observer of men and manners, was
most favourably impressed with the appearance of sincerity
and warmth which pervaded his whole character.
In a
letter to David Hartley, dated "Passy, 6th Sept., 1783,"
he remarks:
"Enclosed is my letter to Mr. Fox. I beg you would assure him
tnat my expressions of esteem for him are not mere professions.
I really think him a great man, and I should not think so, if I did
not believe he was at bottom, and would prove himself, a good one."
-Sparks's Works of Franklin, vol. x. 1, 2.
But alas! that period never arrived; a great man and
an eloquent orator Fox certainly was; but to that highest
title which can be proposed to man's loftiest ambition-a
GOOD MAN-the great English statesman could lay no claim.
Two articles on Fox, by the Rt. Hon. John Hookbam
Frere, will be found in the Lon. Quar. Rev., ii. 375, and
vi. 518. See, also, articles by the Rev. Sydney Smith,
*
in Edin. Rev., xiv. 490, and xviii. 325; and a review of
Fox's Corresp. with Gilbert Wakefield, by the Earl of Dud-
ley, in Lon. Quar. Rev., ix. 313. See also a review of
Fox's James II., by Lord Jeffrey, in Edin. Rev., xii. 271;
and a notice by Francis Horner of the French trans. of
his work, in Edin. Rev., xv. 190.
We have referred to Dr. Parr's enthusiastic admiration
for Mr. Fox. We quote an amusing exemplification:
:
"When I pronounced the words Mr. Fox arose. Parr would
roar out stop!' and, after shaking the ashes out of his pipe, and
filling it afresh, he would add, ⋅ Now, you dog, do your best?
"In the course of the speech, he would often interrupt me, in a
tone of triumphant exultation, with exclamations such as the fol-
lowing: Capital?- Answer that, if you can. Master Pitt and at
the conclusion, 'That is the sperch of the orator and statesman.””.
New Month. Mug., Aug. 1826, where will be found many interesting
recollections of Dr. Parr.
:
"If I were to be asked what was the nature of Mr. Fox's elo-
quence, I should answer that it was only asking me in other words
what I understood to be the character of eloquence itself, when
applied to the transactions of British Government and Laws."-
ERSKINE.
Fox, C. J. Guide to Officers of Towns, Concord, New
Hamp., 1843, 12mo.
Fox, Edmund. Enthusiasm; a Poem, with Notes
variorum, &c., Lon., 1758, 8vo.
Fox, Edward, d. 1538, Bishop of Hereford, and
Almoner to Henry VIII., wrote De Vera Differentia Regiæ
Potestatis et Ecclesiasticæ, &c., 1534, 38, (trans. into Eng-
lish by Henry, Lord Stafford,) Annotations upon the
Mantuan Poet, and an Oration. See Biog. Brit.; Lloyd's
See Biog. Brit.; Lloyd's
State Worthies; Strype's Cranmer; Dodd's Church Hist.
Fox, Edward. Formulæ Medicamentorum Selectæ,
Lon., 1777, Svo.
Fox, Francis. Serm., Lon., 1683, 4to.
Fox, Francis, d. 1738, Vicar of Pottern, Wiltshire,
and Preb. of Salisbury; Vicar of St. Mary's, Reading,
1726. 1. Serms., 1705, '15, '27. 2. Oaths, 1710, Svo. 3.
Duty of Public Worship, 1713, 12mo; 4th ed., 1727. 4.
N. Testament Explained, 1722, 2 vols. 8vo. New ed., 1742.
"In this work the references are all given, in words at full
length, under the text: so that the parallel texts may be all seen
at one view. . . . It contains also a few notes on some difficult
passages."-Orme's Bibl. Brit.
"The editor of this useful publication has given, for the most
part, all the references in the last and fullest edition of the Bible,
together with a great number collected by himself; and has fur-
ther added the chronology of Bishop Usher, the marginal reuder-
ings, and several good notes on really difficult passages, together
with a copious iudex. The work is now only to be procured at a
very high price."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Fox, George, 1624-1690, the founder of the Society
of Friends or Quakers, was a native of Drayton, Leices-
tershire, where his father followed the occupation of a
occupation of a
weaver. George was bound apprentice to a shoemaker
and grazier, and, whilst engaged in tending his sheep, en-
joyed those opportunities for undisturbed meditation
which resulted in the formation of that character of solid
piety and religious zeal which eminently distinguished his
future life. In 1643 he abandoned his occupation, and
i
four years later he became an itinerant preacher, re-
buking sharply whatever he deemed worthy of repre-
hension, and often "holding forth," without invitation, tc
congregations assembled for regular service. These
"breaches of the peace" led to frequent imprisonments,
involving great hardships and privations, which were
patiently.submitted to by one who was always ready to
lay down his life in defence of what he believed to be the
truth. About 1669 he was married to Margaret Fell, the
widow of Thomas Fell, a Welsh Judge. It will not be
expected that we should follow him in his arduous and
unremitting efforts for the benefit of his fellow-beings.
The reader will find ample sources of information in the
works indicated below. In the course of his public minis-
trations be twice visited the continent, spent two years in
assiduous labours among the American colonies, and re-
peatedly visited different portions of Great Britain. He
died in London in 1690, continuing his public addresses
until within a few days of his death. A list of his separate
publications will be found in Bibl. Brit. His writings were
published in three vols. fol., viz.: 1. Journal of his Life,
Travels, &c., 1694, fol.; 1709, 2 vols. 8vo; 1765, fol. 2. Col-
lection of many Select and Christian Epistles. Letters, and
Testimonies written by George Fox, 1698. 3. Gospel Truth
Demonstrated in a collection of doctrinal books given forth
by George Fox; containing principles essential to Chris-
tianity and Salvation held among the people called Qua-
kers, 1706. A new ed. of his works has been pub. in Phila.,
8 vols. Svo. See Sewel's Hist. of the Quakers; Neal's
Puritans; Rees's Cyclopædia; Jonah Marsh's Life of Fox,
1848, 12mo; Samuel M. Janney's Life of Fox, with Disser-
tations on his Views concerning the Doctrines, Testimonies,
and Discipline of the Christian Church, Phila., 1853, 8vo.
Fox's Journal is a volume of great interest, and bas
been highly commended even by those who felt little sym-
pathy for the author's religious peculiarities.
"It is one of the most extraordinary and instructive narratives
in the world; which no reader of competent judgment can peruse
without revering the virtue of the writer."-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH,
"I have read through the ponderous folio of George Fox. Pray
how may I return it to Mr. Skewell, at Ipswich? I fear to send
such a treasure by a stage-coach; not that I am afraid of the coach-
man or the guard reading it, but it might be lost. Can you put
me in a way of sending it safely? The kind-hearted owner trusted
it to me for six months; I think I was about as many days in get-
ting through it, and I do not think that I skipped a word of it.
Charles Lamb to Bernard Barton. Feb. 1823.
The reader will find a brief notice of Fox's labours in
Scotland in this Dictionary, article BARCLAY, ROBERT. We
have quoted, in the article referred to, William Penn's
opinion of Robert Barclay, and it is but fitting that we
should record the testimony of the same eminent authority
to the excellence of the character of George Fox. He
mentions in terms of warm commendation his meekness,
humility, and moderation; tells us that he was
"Civil beyond all forms of breeding; in his behaviour very tem
perate, eating little, and sleeping less, though a bulky person...
He had an extraordinary gift in opening the Scriptures, but, above
and behaviour, and the ferventness and fulness of his words, often
all, excelled in prayer. The reverence and solemnity of his address
struck strangers with admiration."
|
Fox, Henry. 1. New Dict. in French and Eng., Lon.,
1769, 12mo. 2. View of Univ. Mod. Hist., 476-1648, trans.
from the French of Chev. Mehegan, 1779, 3 vols. 8vo.
(+
Eloquent and animated style, and philosophical and impartial
spirit."
Fox, Henry Richard, third Lord Holland, nephew
of Charles James Fox. 1. Some Account of the Life and
Writings of Lope Felix de Vega Carpio, Lon., 1806, Sve;
2d ed., with a Life of Guillen de Castro, 1817, 2 vols. 8vo.
This is evidently the work of a person of taste and intelligence,
not much accustomed to write with a view to publication. It is
composed in an easy conversational style, with very little of the
getting up of authorship, or the parade of literary accomplish-
ments. It is written, however, in a very pleasing and lively mau-
ner, and indicates great good sense and liberality of sentiment;
although the want of pretension is sometimes carried the length
of carelessness, and the want of method is sometimes productive
of considerable embarrassment."-LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Rev., ix.
224-242.
4.
**
It is a pleasant book. and contains a good notice of both its
subjects, and judicious criticisms on their works; but it is quite
as interesting for the glimpses it gives of the fine accomplishments
when he was about thirty years old. and never afterwards ceased
and generous spirit of its author, who spent some time in Spain
to take an interest in its affairs and literature. . . . An excellent
abstract of it (in the play of The Star of Seville] in its original
state, and faithful translations of parts of it, are to be found in
Lord Holland's Life of Lope. For notices of him [Jovenallos]
see. .. Lord Holland's Life of Lope de Vega, 1817, Tom. II.
where is a beautiful tribute to him, worthy of Mr. Fox's nephew.”
-Ticknor's Hist, of Spanish Lit., 2d´ed., ii. 121, 205; ill. 304.
But whoever would understand the Life and Times of
Lope de Vega, and indeed of Spanish authors generally,
•
40
625
FOX
FOX
must consult the invaluable volumes of Mr. Ticknor him-
self. See Ticknor, George.
2. Three Comedies from the Spanish, 1807, 8vo. And
see article Fox, RT. HON. CHARLES JAMES, No. 6, and
HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VARRALL, third LORD.
pub. in 1581, and again in 1589, 4to, is now a rare
book, but is little valued. We have already referred
under the appropriate head to the Rev. Dr. Thomas
Bray's Martyrology, or Papal Usurpation and Persecu-
tion, 1712, fol., intended as a supplement to the Acts and
Monuments.
|
Fox, J. 1. Tancred; a Tale of Ancient Times, Lon.,
1791, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Sancta Maria; a Romance, 1787.
Fox, or Foxe, John, 1517-1587, the Martyrologist,
a native of Boston, Lincolnshire, was educated at Bra-
senose Coll., Oxf., where he attained great distinction by
his extraordinary acquisitions. His love of study he re-
tained after he had left college; for we are assured by his
son that before he was thirty years of age he had read
over all the Greek and Latin fathers, the schoolmen, and
the proceedings of councils and consistories. He received
the degree of B.A. in 1538, and in 1543 was elected Fellow
of Magdalen College. In 1545 he was accused of heresy,
and, boldly proclaiming his opinions to be in favour of the
Protestant Reformation, he was expelled from his college.
After supporting himself for some time as a tutor in the
family of Sir Thomas Lucy, of Warwickshire, and subse-
quently in the household of the Duke of Norfolk, he found
himself in danger from the vigilance of Gardiner, and
escaped with difficulty to the continent. He here medi-
tated his great work--the Acts and Monuments of the
Church, or Book of Martyrs. The first draft of it was an
octavo voluine, pub. at Strasbourg, 1554, in Latin, entitled,
Commentarii rerum in Ecclesiæ Gestarum, maximarum-
que per totem Europam persecutionem à Wiclavi tempori-
bus ad hanc usque ætatam descriptarum; in one book.
Reprinted, with 5 other books, at Basil, 1559, fol. On
the accession of Elizabeth he returned home, was pen-
sioned by his former pupil, now fourth Duke of Norfolk,
and through Secretary Cecil received a prebend in the
Church of Salisbury. No office in the church would have
been thought too good for him, had he been willing to
forget scruples to which he adhered with self-denying per-
tinacity. He refused to subscribe to some of the canons,
and boldly petitioned the Queen on behalf of the German
Anabaptists. He spent the rest of his days in great esteem
for his profound learning, sincere piety, and unfeigned
humility, and died, amidst the blessings of the nation, in
1587, in his 70th year. He pub. a number of theolog.
treatises, tables of Grammar, the Latin play of De
Christo triumphante, &c., an account of which will be
found in the authorities cited below; but he is best known
by the great work already mentioned-the Acts and Monu-
ments of these latter and perilous dayes, touching matters
of the Churche; wherein are comprehended and described,
the great persecutions and horrible troubles that have been
wrought and practised by the Romish Prelates, speciallye
in this Realme of England and Scotlande, from the year
of our Lord 1000, unto the tyme now present. Gathered
and collected accordyng to the true copies and wrytinges
certificatorie, as well of the parties themselves that suffered,
as also out of the Bishops' Registers, which were the doers
thereof, Lon., 1563, fol.; 1583, fol. Enlarged, 1570,
2 vols. fol.; 1576, 2 vols. fol.; 1612, '32, '43, 3 vols. fol. ;
1650, 2 vols. fol.; 9th ed., 1684, 3 vols. fol.
Respecting the new editions of this valuable work, we
can give nothing more to the purpose than the following
extract from a letter before us, written by an eminent
bibliographer, who, having instructed our grandfathers in
his youth, continues in his advanced age to enlighten their
descendants with the results of his pains-taking researches.
It would indeed be difficult to estimate the value of this
gentleman's thirty-five years' service in the British Museum.
A new edition, superintended by the Rev. S. A. Cattley, M.A.,
was published at London, 1836–41, in 8 vols. 8vo; to which was
prefixed a Life of Foxe, including a vindication of his work from
the attacks of Romanists, by the Rev. George Townsend, D.D., of
Durham. This edition having been severely criticised. (and not
without reason.) a carefully-revised and considerably-improved
edition was published between the years 1846 and 1849. But the
<<
best edition of Foxe's Acts and Monuments will be found in the
Reformation Series of the Ecclesiastical Historians of England,
published at London, also in 8 vols. 8vo, in 1853 and following
years. The editors (the Rev. R. R. Mendham, M.A., and Josiah
Pratt, Jun., M.A.) have most carefully corrected the whole work,
and have verified the documents consulted by Foxe. This edition
is beautifully and accurately printed, and is enriched with a
valuable Appendix of Documents. Dr. Townsend's Life and Vindi-
cation of Foxe are retained, with some corrections."-Thomas |
Hartwell Horne, D.D., to S. Austin Allibone, British Museum, Lon-
don, April 25, 1856.
The Acts and Monuments received the approbation of
the first three Archbishops of the Reformed Church of
England, viz.: Parker, Grindal, (who assisted Fox in the
work,) and Whitgift. It was ordered to be set up in every
one of the parish churches in England, as well as in the
common halls of archbishops, bishops, deans, archdeacons,
and heads of colleges; and its influence in keeping alive
the Protestant feeling in Great Britain and North America
is too well known to be disputed.
Without entering at large into the merits of the work,
it certainly would appear that, as regards conscientiousness
of performance and adherence to records, the faithfulness
of the Book of Martyrs cannot intelligently be questioned.
For the same reason-abundant testimony-that we bo-
lieve Sir Thomas More, the Roman Catholic Chancellor,
to have been one of the best of men, do we believe John
Fox, the Protestant chronicler, to have been one of the
most veracious of historians. As regards the credit accru-
ing to their respective communions from the adherence of
these two great men, it, is to be remembered that Mors
simply retained the bias of education and habit, whilst
Fox had to overcome both of these before he could be a
Protestant. Both were honest as the sun; and had Sir
Thomas More presented us with Roman Catholio Acts and
Monuments as well attested as those of John Fox, we
should have considered them entitled to equal credence.
It has been confidently declared that
"All the popish writers from Harpsfield to Milner have not
proved, and it never will be proved, that John Fox is not one of
the most faithful and authentic of all historians."
The testimony of the two eminent authorities subjoined
must have great weight with those who can appreciate the
value of evidence:
"Mr. Fox must not go without the commendation of a most
painful searcher into records, archives, and repositories of original
acts and letters of state, and a great collector of MSS. All the
world is infinitely beholden to him for abundance of extracts
thence communicated to us in his volumes. And as he hath
transcriptions."-STRYPE: Ann is of the Reformation:
been found most diligent, so most strictly true and faithful in his
"Mr. Fox hath very diligently and faithfully laboured in this
matter, [of Archbishops and Metropolitans.] and searched out the
truth of it as learnedly as I kuowe any man to have done.”-
ARCHBISHOP Whitgift, after he “had read over his Acts and Monu-
ments from the one end to the other.” See Defence of the Answer
to the Admonition. p. 333.
The great Camden thus refers to the Martyrologist and
his work:
Ex eruditorum numero obiit Johannes Foxus Oxoniensis, qui
Ecclesiasticam Angliæ Historiam sive Martyrologiam indefesso
veritatis studio. primum latine postea anglice auctius, magna cum
laude contexuit.”—Annales Elizabeth, p. 558, edit. Svo.
Bishop Burnet, a most pains-taking searcher into origi-
nal papers, thus sets his seal to Fox's conscientiousness as
a historian:
<<
Having compared these Acts and Monuments with the records,
I have never been able to discover any errors or prevarications in
the Reformation.
them, but the utmost fidelity and exactness."-Pref. to Hist. of
But faithfulness in a historian is one thing; infallibility
is quite another thing; and we doubt not at all that, as
Wood and Collier among Protestants, and many Roman
Catholic commentators, affirm, Fox has, without any inten-
tion to deceive, admitted exaggerations, and even some-
times fictions, which diminish the value, whilst they add
to the bulk, of a book of great learning, research, and his-
torical as well as theological value.
But for critics, who lived long after the historian and
the historian's opportunities, to pretend to know the con-
tents of records which they never saw, is a little more than
absurd: it is foolish and impertinent, and places the
offender beyond the lines of polite and intelligent contro-
versy. Undoubtedly John Fox was not an infallible chro-
nicler nor a perfect man; and if any modern Quixote scek
for a religionist without zeal, an advocate without parti-
alitics, a partisan without prejudice, and a man witheat
passions, he must needs go altogether out of the world for
his Phoenix.
All the other so-called Foxe's Book of Martyrs, edited
respectively by Milner, Buckley, Pratt, Clarke, Cobbin,
Pratt, Clarke, Cobbin,
Cumming, Kennedy, Seymour, Mrs. Tonna, or any one
else, are merely abridgments,-of more or less value. The
first abridgment, by Rev. Timothy Bright, M.D., (q. v.,)
It is much to be said of any man, in the absence of all
perfection, which is recorded by Fuller of our historian:
"Although the richest mitre in England would have counted
itself preferred by being placed upon his head, he contented him-
self with a prebend of Salisbury. How learnedly he wrote, how
constantly he preached, how piously he lived, and how cheerfully
be died, may be seen at large in the life prefixed to his book.".-
Church History.
|
626
FOX
FRA
To this life, written by his son, and to the authorities
subjoined below, we refer the curious reader who wishes
to see a specimen of that which has been written for and
against the famous Martyrologist:
..
Several of Fox's other works his Treatise on Justification,
aud the Sermons on Christ Crucified, and on Christ Triumphant
-are excellent.”—Bickerstelli's C. S.
Nor should we omit to acknowledge the pious zeal of
Fox in collecting the Works, appending thereto the Lives,
of William Tyndale, John Frith, and Robert Barnes. 1573,
fol. He tells us that he collected them that they might
Remain as perpetual samples-shyning in the church of Christ
-to geeve light to all posteritie."-See BARNES. ROBERT.
PA
See Strype's Annals and Lives of the Archbishops, pas-
sim; Bale: Fuller's Worthies, and his Church Hist.: Athen.
Oxon. Fox's MSS., Collec. in Harleian MSS. in Brit. Mus. ;
Biog. Brit.; Fuller's Abel Redivivus; Churton's Life of No-
well; Wordsworth's Eccl. Biog., Preface, &c.: Collier's Eccl.
Hist.; Dodd's Ch. Hist.; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Fox, John. 1. Agricult. of Monmouth, Brentf., 1794,
4to. 2. Agricult. of Glamorgan, Lon., 1796, 4to.
1
Fox, Joseph. Serm., 1702, 4to.
Fox, Joseph. Parish Clerk's Vade Mecum, 1778,
12mo.
Fox, Joseph, of Roy. Coll. of Surgeons, pub. a num-
ber of profess. and educational and theolog. works. The
following is still in estimation: Nat. Hist. and Diseases
of the Human Teeth, Lon., 1803-06, 4to. Of this work
there have been three English eds. Also pub. in N. York
and Phila. Remodelled, with an Introduct., and nearly
two-thirds of addit. matter, by Chapin A. Harris, M.D.,
Prof. in Baltimore Coll. of Dent. Surgeons. With 30
plates, Phila., sup.-roy. Svo.
"A work which we think every dental student, and especially
practitioner, should possess. The plates alone are worth the price
of the book, [$5.]”—Amer. Jour. of Dental Science.
Fox, Joseph Bolton. Lectures on Modern Socini-
anism. 1824, 12mo.
..
The productions of a mind imbued with piety, and distin-
guished by just views of Evangelical truth."-Lon. Evangelical
Mag.
Fox, or Foxe, Luke. Northwest Fox, or Fox from
the Northwest Passage. By Captain Lyke Foxe, of King-
stone-vpon-Hull, Lon., 1635, 4to.
"This treatise contains many important facts and judicious ob-
servations on the ice, the tides, compass, northern lights, &c."—
Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Fox, M. C., and B. C. Smith. Reports of Cases in
Ct. of K. B. and Ct. of Error, 1822-24, Dubl., 1825, Svo.
Fox, Margaret, wife of George Fox, the founder of
the Quakers. Passages rel. to her Birth, Life, &c., with
sundry of her Epistles, &c., Lon., 1710, Svo. See Jan-
ney's Life of George Fox, Phila., Svo.
Fox, Richard, d. 1528, a native of Grantham, Lin-
colnshire, educated at Magdalen Coll., Oxf.. was made
Bishop of Durham by Henry VII. He was subsequently
translated to Winchester. He founded Corpus Christi
Coll., Oxf., with two Lectures for Greek and Latin, and
several free schools. 1. The Contemplacyon of Synners,
Lon., 1499, 4to. 2. Letter to Cardinal Wolsey. See Chal-
mers's Hist. of Oxf.; Life in Biog. Brit.; Life by Gough
in the Vetusta Monumenta; Wood's Colleges and Halls;
Athen. Oxon.; Jortin's Erasmus; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Fox, Samuel. Monks and Monasteries, being an ac-
count of English Monachism, Lon., 1845, sm. Svo. Other
works.
Fox, W. J., M.P.. b. 1786, near Wrentham, Suffolk,
formerly a Unitarian preacher, is well known as a pro-
minent member of the extreme liberal party. In 1847
and 1852 he was elected M.P. for Oldham. As a periodi-
cal-writer he has been connected with the Westminster
Review, for which he wrote the first article of the first
number, and other papers; the Monthly Repository, and
the Weekly Dispatch newspaper. 1. Letter to Rev. J. P.
Smith. D.D., 1813, Sro. 2. Funl. Serm. on T. P. Powell,
M.D., 1816. 3. The Life and Literary Remains of Charles
Reece Pemberton. Edited by John Fowler, 1843, Svo.
4. Lectures to the Working Classes. Vols. i.—iii., 1845–49 ;
vol. iv., 1851, 12mo. 5. On the Religious Ideas, 1849, Svo.
New ed., 1851, 12mo.
Fox, Wm. 1. Exam. of Paine's Writings, Lon., 1793,
Svo. 2. Remarks on Agricult. Reports made in 1794, Lon.,
1798, 4to.
5+
The author has selected well and observed very acutely."-
Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Mr. Fox also pub. several polit. and theolog. works,
793-1813.
Fox, Wm. A Treatise on Simple Contracts, and the
detion of Assumpsit, Lon.. 1842, 12mo.
“An admirable outline of the Law of Contracts, containing much
information in a condensed form."-6 Jurist, 167; 24 Leg. Obs
102: Marvin'× Leg. Bib., 322.
Fox. Wm., Jr. La Bagatelle; or. Delineations of
Home Scenery: a Descriptive Poem. 1801, 8vo.
Foxcraft, Alex. Lett. to W. Davidson, 1803. Svo.
Foxcroft, John. The Good of good Gov't and a well-
founded Peace, opened in a Serm.. Lon., 1645, 4to.
Foxcroft, John. Serms., 1695, '97, 8vo. 12mo, and 4to.
Foxcroft, Thomas, d. 1769, aged 72, a Congrega-
tional minister in Boston, Mass., graduated at Harvard
Coll. in 1714. He pub. a number of serms., &c., 1718–61,
for a list of which see Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.; Chand-
ler's Life of Johnson.
"His writings evince a clearness of perception, copiousness of
invention. liveliness of imagination, and soundness of judgment."
Foxell, John. 1. Serm. on Lord Nelson, 1806.
Foxle, George. Groans of the Spirit in the Trial
of the Truth of Prayer, Lon., 1639, Svo.
Foxley, Thomas. Serm.. 1756, 8vo.
Foxon, Wm. A Brief Discovery rel. to the Infinite
Being and Reigning of God in Mankind.
Foxton, Rev. Frederick J., perpetual Curate of
Stoke, Prior, and Docklow, Herefordshire. Popular Chris-
tianity, Lon., 1849, p. Svo.
"His book appears to us to contain many just and profound
views of the religious character of the present age. and its indica
tions of progress.”—Lon. Prospective Rev., Nov. 1849.
Foxton, Thomas. Moral Sengs for Children, 1728.
Foxwell, W. Primitive State of Adam, 1807.
Fore, Rev. M. W. Early Irish Church, 2d ed., Lon..
1845. 12mo. New ed.. 1851. 2. Romish Rites. offices and
legends. This forms Gibson's Preservative, Suppl. 7; 2d
ed.. 1851, p. 8vo.
Foyster, J. G. Serms., Lon., 1826, 8vo.
Frampton, Algernon, M.D. Robert Thomas's Mo-
dern Practice of Physic, 11th ed., Lon., 1853, 2 vols. 8vo.
Frampton, John. 1. Joyfull Newes out of the new
founde Worlde, Lon., 1577, '80, '96, 4to. From the Span-
ish of Monardi, 3d ed., printed with No. 4. 2. Ports,
Creekes, Bayes, and Hauens of the W. Indies, from the
3. Trans. of the Travels of
Castill tongue, 1578, 4to.
Marco Polo, 1579, 4to. 4. The Bezoar Stone, &c., 1580,
4to. Printed with No. 1. 5. Arte of Navigation, from
the Spanish of P. de Medina, 1581, fol.; 1595. 4to.
Frampton, Matthew, LL.D. Serms., 1769, '76, 4to.
Frampton, Th. Serm., 1712, Sro.
Framton, G. Election for Dorset, 1807, Svo.
Franchore, Gabriel, b. 1786, at Montreal. Travels
in Oregon: 1st ed. in French, 1819-20. English trans.,
N. York, 1854.
Francillon, F. Essay on Punctuation, Lon., 1842,
fp. Svo.
"A treatise which we can safely recommend.
The work also
bears evident marks of considerable learning."-Orf. Univ. Herald.
See DAY, WM.; WILSON, JOHN.
Francillon, John. Of a Scarabæus, 1795, 4to.
Francis. 10 Serms.. 1771, 12mo.
•
•
Francis, Anne, d. 1800, an English lady. 1. A Po-
etical Trans. of the Song of Solomon, from the original
Hebrew, Lon., 1781, 4to.
is constructed on the principles of Ilarmer's Outline, to whom,
"The versification is smooth and lively. The plan of the poem
and to Parkhurst, she is indebted for many of her notes and illus-
trations.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Her version is elegantly executed."-Horne's Bibl. Brit.
2. Obsequies of Demetrius Poliorcetes; a Poem. 1785,
4. Miscell. Poems,
4to. 3. Charlotte to Werter, 1788, 4to.
1790, 12mo.
Francis, B. 1. Elegy,
1. Elegy, Lon., 1771, 4to. 2. Poem,
1786, Svo.
Francis, C., of Wath. Serm., 1788, Sro.
Francis, Charles. Union with Ch. of Eng., 1807, 4tc.
Francis, Convers. 1. Life of John Eliot in Sparks'
Amer. Biog., 1st Series, v. 1. 2. Life of Sebastian Rale,
in 2d Series, vii. 157.
Francis, Eliza S. Sir Willibert de Waverley, or the
Bridal Eve; a Poem, Lon., 1815, Svo.
Francis, F. Introduc. to Geography, Lon., 1812.
Francis, F. J. Two Lectures on Physical and Fos-
sil Geology, Lon.. 1839, p. Svo.
"The Lectures are carefully corrected, clearly written, and will
prove a valuable addition to the existing elementary works on one
of the most interesting and important of the physical sciences."-
Lon. New Monthly Mag.
2. Orig. Designs for Churches and Chapels, 1841, imp.
4to.
Francis, George Hy. 1. The Duke of Wellington's
Maxims and Opinions, Lon., 1845, Svo.
"It is the most compendious, the most agreeable, and. all things
considered. the best. book that has been published respecting the
Duke of Wellington.”—Lon. Times.
6:27
FRA
FRA
2. Orators of the Age, 1847, p. Svo.
"No sa living has had such admirable opportunities of ob
serving our Parliamentary orators, or has evinced so much fitness
for the very delicate task of treating each man after his deserts.
We commend the volume to general attention for its truthfulness,
its exceeding good taste, and its very pleasant style."-Lon. Pic
torial Times.
3. Critical Biographies: B. Disraeli; the late Sir Ro-
bert Peel, 1852, 12mo; Lord Brougham, 1853, 12mo.
Opinions and Policy of the Rt. Hon. Viscount Palmer-
ston, with Memoir, 1852, 8vo.
"This work ought to have a place in every political library. Jt
gives a complete view of the sentiments and opinions by which
the policy of Lord Palmerston has been dictated as a diplomatist
and statesman.”
Francis, Henry. Serm., Lon., 1723, 8vo.
Francis, J. G. Notes from a Journal kept in Italy
and Sicily, 1844-46, with 8 Illust., Lon., 1847, Svo.
Ile [Mr. Francis] is an active and enterprising traveller. He
has a good taste in art, a keen relish for the beauties of nature, a
knowledge of history, acquired by reflecting as well as reading, an
observing eye for mankind, and, what is more, a sympathy with
them."-Lon. Spectator.
Francis, J. T., M.D. Change of Climate considered
as a Remedy in Dyspeptic, Pulmonary, and other Chronic
Affections, Lon., 1855, p. 8vo.
Proceeds from the pen of a well-informed practitioner and an
accomplished gentleman, well acquainted with the subject upon
which he treats."-Lom. Lancet.
•
"A very meritorious production.”—Lon. Med. Times and Gaz.
Francis, John, LL.D., minister of St. John's, Nor-
wich. Serm., 1746, 4to.
Francis, John, Vicar of Lekcham. 1. Serms., 1764,
'66, '67, '70. 2. Reflections on David, 1765, Svo.
Francis, John, LL.D., Rector of Morley, Suffolk.
Serms., 1773, 2 vols. 12mo.
3. Hist. of the English Railway, 1820-45, 1851, 2 vols.
8vo. 4. Annals, Anecdotes, and Legends of Life Assurance,
1853, p. Svo.
Francis, John W., M.D., LL.D., one of the most dis-
tinguished of American physicians and men of letters, b.
1789, in the city of New York, is the son of Melchior
Francis, a native of Germany, who settled in America
about 1784. The subject of this memoir enjoyed as a
youth the learned preceptorship of George Strebeck and
John Conroy, distinguished for their attainments in the
classical and mathematical departments. In 1809 he gra-
duated at Columbia College, from which in 1812 he re-
ceived the degree of Master of Arts. In 1807, whilst still
an under-graduate, he commenced the study of medicine
under the eye of the celebrated Dr. Hosack, and gained
the warm approbation of his discriminating tutor by his
assiduous devotion to the object of his pursuit.
Francis, John. 1. Hist. of the Bk. of England, Lon.,
1847, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 3d ed., 1848. 2. Chronicles and Cha-
racters of the London Stock Exchange, 1849, Svo.
|
All the great operations that have taken place relating to the
funds, lotteries, loans, bribes, speculative manias. and panics, are
faithfully delineated; and Mr. Francis has brought together such
a variety of interesting anecdotes and historical facts as were never
before collected.”—Lon. Banker's Mag.
1. An Inaugural Dissertation on Memory, N.Y., 1811,
Svo, pp. 56. 2. Cases of Morbid Anatomy, 1814, 4to, pp.
"A volume at once the most interesting and the most terrible 36. 3. Letter on Febrile Contagion, 1816, Svo, pp. 24.
in modern English literature."-Tail's Edin. Mag.
“No romance whatever has yet been constructed from materials
of deeper interest.”—Blackwood's Mag.
"During the period of his professional studies for four collegiate
years, he never absented himself from a single lecture, nor attended
one without making notes or abstracts on the subject taught by
the lecturer."
What an example is this to the students of the present
day, and how great has been the reward, in large stores of
professional erudition, in public esteem, and national repu-
tation, of the hours thus devoted to the acquisition of use-
ful knowledge!
of the science and erudition of their race. The ardent
thirst for knowledge, the acuteness of perception, and
breadth of comprehension, which distinguished the young
American, did not escape the notice nor fail to elicit the
approbation of his distinguished European friends.
A mind more ardent in the pursuit of useful knowledge,”
writes the late Patrick Colquhoun, “perhaps never existed; and
I have no doubt he will, in a few years, stand at the head of his
profession." See Life of Eddy, by S. L. Knapp.
Upon the return of the young traveller to New York, he
was appointed Professor of the Institutes of Medicine in
the College of Physicians and Surgeons; and, on the death
of Dr. Stringham in 1817, succeeded that gentleman in the
department of Medical Jurisprudence. Two years later
he became Professor of Obstetrics, in addition to his former
duties, and held this appointment until 1826, when he re-
signed at the same time with his colleagues, Drs. Hosack,
Mott, McNevin, and Mitchill.
In 1811 the laborious student received from the College
of Physicians and Surgeons of N. York, organized in 1807,
the degree of M.D.; and, a few months later, received from
his old preceptor, Dr. Hosack, the offer of a co-partnership
in business. This flattering offer was indeed the highest
compliment that could be paid to the talents and acquire-
ments of the young physician, and was of course accepted.
The connection thus formed lasted until 1820. In 1813
Dr. Francis was appointed lecturer on the Institutes of
Medicine and Materia Medica in the College of Physicians
and Surgeons of New York, and laboured with great zeal
in the discharge of his arduous duties. Anxious to trans-
plant to his native soil whatever was valuable in the re-
nowned medical schools of Europe, he left home for a tour
in Scotland, Ireland, Holland, and France, and derived
profitable themes of meditation and practice from the
friendly converse of the celebrated Gregory, Jamieson,
McCartney, Denon, Gall, Cuvier, and other benefactors
A majority of the professors who had resigned from the
College of Physicians and Surgeons organized a new in-
stitution under the name of Rutgers Medical College, and
its success was so great that at the end of four terms the
Legislature closed the doors of the last-named institution.
In the Rutgers Medical College Dr. Francis was chosen
Professor of Obstetrics and Forensic Medicine, and his
classes were crowded with students from different parts of
the republic, attracted by his great and growing reputa-
tion. For other particulars connected with the life of this
eminent physician, useful citizen, and public benefactor
in many senses, we must refer the reader to the source to
which we are indebted for the facts above stated,-the bio-
graphy of Dr. Francis in the National Portrait-Gallery of
Distinguished Americans, vol. iv., Phila., 1853, 8vo. Sce
also New England Magazine, vol. vii.; Griswold's Prose
Writers of America; Men of the Time, N. York, 1852; a
review of Dr. Francis's literary works in the Southern
Quarterly Review, xix. 226; and Knickerbocker Magazine,
Aug. 1858, for a sketch of Dr. Francis, with a steel portrait.
We annex a list of Dr. Francis's writings:
4. Notice of Thos. Eddy, the Philanthropist, 1823, 12mo,
pp. 10. 5. Dr. T. Denman's Prac. of Midwifery, with
Notes, &c., 1825, Svo. 6. Address before the N.Y. Horti-
cult. Society, 1830, 8vo, pp. 34.
cult. Society, 1830, 8vo, pp. 34. 7. Address before the
Philoxian Society, 1831, Svo, pp. 43. S. Letter on Cholera
Asphyxia of 1832, Svo, 1832, pp. 35. 9. Observations ou
the Mineral Waters of Avon, 1834, Svo, pp. 36. 10. Dis-
course before the N.Y. Lyceum of Natural History, 1841,
Svo, pp. 93. 11. Discourse before the N.Y. Academy of
Medicine, 1847, Svo, pp. 112. 12. Inaugural Address be-
fore the N.Y. Academy of Medicine, 1848, Svo, pp. 23.
13. Address before the N.Y. Acad. of Med. on the Election
of Prof. Mott, 1849, 8vo, pp. 8. 14. Address before the
Typographical Society of N.Y. on Dr. Franklin, 1850,
Svo. 15. Before do. on the Publishers, Printers, and
Editors of N.Y. In International Mag., edited by Dr.
Griswold, 1851. 16. Old New York; or, Reminiscences
of the Past Sixty Years, N.Y., 1857, Svo; 2d ed., enlarged,
1858, 12mo.
|
“Dr. Francis writes as he might have told the story in suc-
cessive sittings, bound by no prearranged order, but letting each
name or topic suggest that which succeeds. The style is collo-
quial.-by which we do not mean slipshod, but unartificial,-the
style in which one may talk who adds to the fluent speech that is
the gift and grace of nature the culture of a scholar and a gentle-
man.-A. P. PEABODY, D.D.: N. Amer. Rev., July, 1858.
Also reviewed in Lon. Athen., July 10, 1858, No. 1602.
17. Numerous biographical articles in divers works,
medical papers in different journals, &c. 18. The Ame-
rican Medical and Philosophical Register, 1811, '12, 13,
'14, 8vo: edited by David Hosack, M.D., and Prof. John
W. Francis, M.D. 19. The N.Y. Medical and Physical
Journal, 1822, '23, '24, 8vo: edited by John W. Francis,
M.D., John B. Beck, M.D., Jacob Dyckman, M.D.
-
For forty years he has been engaged in the most active exer-
cise of professional duties in his native city. But amid the inces-
manifest his interest in, and genius for, the liberal studies. In a
sant avocations of a large practice, Dr. Francis has found time to
series of able discourses delivered before various literary and scien-
tific bodies, he has illustrated the value and charms of horticul
ture, the fine arts, American biography, history, and science. IIe
is identified with the city of New York more prominently than any
individual in the same professional sphere. He is always consulted
in questions of local and personal interest, and his cooperation is
deemned essential on occasions of municipal festivity, literary and
scientific anniversaries, and charitable enterprises."-Men of the
Time. N. York, 1852, 12mo.
"In his social character Dr. Francis represents an almost obsolete
class. He is emphatically a New Yorker in his feelings and asso
ciations. The frank hospitality of the early colonists is combined
around his fireside with the discursive intercourse of the savant
628
FRA
FRA
and the patriotic sentiment of the citizen. In American history |
and biography he is an oracle, and has been an efficient member
of all the institutious originated to advance the interests of litera-
ture and science in his native city. With enlarged benevolence.
a mind unwearied in inquiry, constant association with men and
books, and an ardent love of knowledge as well as friendship for
its promoters, Dr. Francis finds time. even amidst the unceasing
claims of an extensive practice, thus to identify his name with the
progress of the age and the literature of his country. Votimal
Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans, vol. iv., 1853. 8vo.
Francis, Philip. The Misdemeanours of a Traytor
and Treasurer discovered; an answer to C. Vaughan,
answer to C. Vaughan,
1644, 4to.
Francis, Philip, d. 1773, son of the Rector of St.
Mary's, Dublin, resided for many years and died in Eng-petition with him."-LORD LYTTELTON.
land. 1. A Poet. trans. of the books of Horace, first pub.
probably about 1743; Sth ed., 1778, 4 vols. 8vo.
"The lyrical part of Horace never can be properly translated;
so much of the excellence is in the numbers and the expression.
Francis has done it the best: I'll take his, five out of six, against
them all."-DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON.
2. Eugenia; a Trag., Lon., 1752, 8vo. 3. Constantine; a
Trag., 1753, 8vo.
6. As a dramatic writer Dr. Francis was not very successful:
having written only two pieces, which were both coldly received.”
-Bing. Dramat.
4. Trans. of the Orations of Demosthenes, 1753-55, 2
vols. 410.
66
Applauded as a difficult work well executed and acceptable to
every friend of genius and literature; but its success was by no
means correspondent to the wishes of the author or his friends."
Dr. Francis was at one time supposed to be the author
of the Letters of Junius: see JUNIUS.
See Chesterfield's Letters and Miscellanies; Boswell's
Johnson; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Francis, Sir Philip, 1740-1818, son of the preced-
ing, was a native of Dublin, and educated under the eye
of his father, and at St. Paul's School. London. After
visiting Portugal in 1760, in company with Lord Kinnoul,
the British Envoy, and holding a clerkship in the War
Office, which he resigned in 1772, he went in 1774 to India,
where he became a member of the council of Bengal.
Brought into contact with that disgrace to the British
name that man of violence and blood-Warren Hastings,
Francis opposed his measures, and a controversy ensued
which resulted in a duel, in which the latter was wounded. |
He returned to England in 1781, was chosen M. P. for
Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, in 1784, received the order of the
Bath in 1806, and died in 1818. He pub. a number of
political Speeches, Remarks on the defence of Warren
Hastings, Letters on the E. India Company. Reflections
on the Currency, &c., 1784-1814. These were but of tem-
porary interest, and are now forgotten; but the name of
Sir Philip Francis will always occupy a prominent place
among literary men, in consequence of the persuasion en-
tertained by many that he was the author of the famous
LETTERS OF JUNIUS. But this is by no means a settled
point, and we think that the claims put forward on behalf
of Sir Philip Francis are now less readily allowed than
they were some twelve or fifteen years past. We do not,
however, by this remark intend to express any opinion of
our own upon the subject. We shall best discharge our
duty by indicating to the reader the sources of information
upon this famous controversy. See JUNIUS.
Francis, Richard. Maxims of Equity, 1729, '39,
'46. Amer. ed., by W. W. Hening, Richmond, 1823, Svo.
Francis, Sophia L. Novels, &c., 1803-09.
Francis, W. Farmer's Assist. in computing the
value of Land, 1808, 12mo; Franciscus a Sancta Clara.
See DAVENPORT, CHRISTOPNER.
Franck, Richard. 1. Rabbi Mons; or a Philos.
Trent. on the Origin of Things. Written in America, Lon.,
16S7, Svo. 2. Northern Memoirs, &c., with the Contem-
plative and Practical Angler. Writ in 1658, 1694, 8vo.
New ed., with Preface and Notes by Sir Walter Scott,
1821, Sve.
Sir Walter Scott humorously signs the preface as one
who is
"No fisher,
But a well-wisher
To the game."
"Franck's contests with the salmon are painted to the life, and
his directions to anglers in that noble branch of the art, which ex-
zeeds all other uses of the angling-rod as much as fox-hunting
exceeds hare-hunting, are generally given with great judgment."
-Editor.
See Retrosp. Rev., and Censura Literaria, 1823, Svo,
270-294, 1815; iv. 270-272.
Lon., 1630, '50, '73, 8vo; 1633, 12mo. Repub., with ad-
dits. by Richardson, 1717, 12mo.
Francklin, Thomas, D.D. An Epistle written from
Lucifer unto the persecuting Popish Prelates, 1642, 4to.
Francklin, Thomas, 1721-1784, Greek Prof. at Cam-
bridge, 1730, preferred to the livings of Ware and of
Thundrich, 1757, and to that of Brasted in 1776. He pub.,
separately, trans. from Phalaris, Cicero, Sophocles, and
Lucian, 1749-81. Of this last author, an eminent autho-
rity remarks:
There is a vein of ease and pleasantry in the works of Lucian
which I have always thought inimitable, nor do I know any au-
thor. ancient or modern, that in this respect can enter into com-
Francklin. Two Discourses, Lon.. 1683, 4to.
Fraucklin, Gracious. Answer to Freeman, 1648, 4to.
Francklin, R. Tractatus de Tonis in Lingua Græca,
He also wrote some plays, serms., &c.; and 4 vols. of
his serms. were pub. after his death, viz., in 1790.
In his sermons, although they have not much pretension to
original genius. there is an order and perspicuity in the arrange
ment of the matter. with an elegance and propriety in the lan-
guage, characteristically free from all affectation. which does great
honour to the Doctor's abilities."—Lon. Critical Rec. See Biog.
Dramat.
Francklin, Capt. Wm. 1. Observ. made on a Tour
from Bengal to Persia in 1786-87, Lon., 1790, Svo.
"The most original and valuable portion of this work relates to
Persia. especially the province of Faristan; it contains also much
information respecting Goa, Bombay, &c. M. Langles translated
it into French. and added a learned memoir on Persepolis."—
Stevenson's Cut. of Voyages and Travels.
2. The Lives of Comarupa and Camalata; from the Per-
sian, 1793, Svo. 3. Hist. of the Reign of Shah-Aulum,
1798, 4to.
1798, 4to. 4. Plain of Troy, 1800, 4to. 5. Memoirs of
George Thomas, Calcut., 1803, 4to; Lon., 1805, 8vo. Con-
tains some interesting particulars respecting the interior
of India. 6. Tracts on Ava, &c., 1810, Svo.
Francklyn, Gilbert. Works on the Slave Trade and
on politics. 1789-95.
Francklyn, Rev. Thomas. Advice, &c., 1756, 8vo.
Earth, 1668, 4to; 1670, fol.
Franco, R. Solomon. Truth springing out of the
Refers to Christ.
Frank, John. Serm., Lon., 1756, Svo.
Liberty. From the MS. of J. Ritson, 1811, Svo.
Frank, Joseph, Editor of The Office of Bailiff of a
Frank, Mark, 1613-1664, Archdeacon of St. Alban's,
1660; Master of Pembroke Hall, Camb., 1662; Rector of
Barley, 1663. 1. 51 Serms.. Lon., 1672, fol.; Oxf., 1849,
2 vols. Svo. 2. Epitome of Divinity, 1665. In verse.
Frank, Thomas. Letter, Lon., 1732, Svo.
Frankland, Mrs. Leaves of Poesy, Lon., 1838, fp. Svo.
Frankland, B. Outlines of Literary Culture, Lon.,
1853, 12mo.
Courts of Russia and Sweden, Lon., 2 vols. Svo. 2. Travel-
Frankland, Capt. Charles Colville. 1. Visits to
to and from Constantinople, 1829, 2 vols. 8vo.
"His volumes teem with interest and instruction."-Lon. Sun.
Frankland, Rev. Thomas, 1633-1690, a physician
and historian, was educated at and Fellow of Brasenose
Coll., Oxf. 1. The Honours of the Lords Spiritual asserted,
Lon., 1679, fol.; Anon.. but ascribed to him. 2. Original
of Kingly and Eccles. Gort., 1681, Svo. 3. The Annals of
K. James I. and King Charles I., 1681, fol.
•
A faithful and impartial account of the great affairs of State,
Parliaments, &c.. with many proclamations, addresses, and other
official documents.”
Frankland, Sir Thomas, Bart. Cautions to Young
Sportsmen, Lon., 1800, Svo.
Frankland, Wm.
Speech rel. to Criminal Law,
1811. Svo.
Franklin. See FRANCKLIN.
Franklin. Farewell to the World, with his Christian
Contrition in Prison before his Death; broad sheet. Frank-
lin was executed in 1615 for poisoning Sir Thomas Over-
bury.
Franklin. Parables of our Lord illustrated by 12
engravings, fol.
Worthy of all commendation.”—Løn. Art Journal.
*
Franklin, Andrew.
1804. See Biog. Dramat.
Franklin, Benjamin, LL.D., January 17th, 1706-
April 17th, 1790, one of the most distinguished of modern
philosophers, was a native of Boston, Massachusetts, where
his father, Josiah Franklin, an emigrant from England,
carried on the business of a tallow-chandler and soap-
boiler. At the age of eight years, Benjamin, the youngest
but two of seventeen children, was sent to a grammar
school; from which he was removed in less than a year to
be placed under the tuition of George Brownell, who con-
ducted a seminary in which writing and arithmetic formed
the principal branches. His father designed him for the
ministry, but, needing his assistance at home, withdrew
Farces, Comedies, &c., 1792-
629
FRA
FRA
him from school when only ten years of age, and set the
future philosopher to work at "cutting wicks for the
candles, filling the moulds for cast candles, attending the
stop, going of errands," &c.
If we at first feel inclined to blame the father for so
soon depriving his son of the benefits of schooling, we must
remember that the good tallow-chandler was straitened in
circumstances, and had the expenditures of a large family
to provide for from a business probably incapable of much
profitable extension.
His occupation was extremely distasteful to him, and he
felt a strong inclination to exchange it for the roving life
of a sailor, but paternal prudence prevented the consum-
mation of this project. His father allowed the youth to
abandon a trade for which he evinced so strong an aver-
sion, and bound him apprentice to his brother James, who
bad recently (in 1717) returned from London, and esta-
blished a printing-office in Boston. Young Franklin soon
became an adept in his new business, and doubtless was
stimulated by the nature of his duties to that love for
reading which remained with him through life.
Among his favourite works were The Pilgrim's Pro-
gress, Plutarch's Lives, Burton's Historical Collections,
an odd volume of The Spectator, and Cotton Mather's
Essays to do Good. The perusal of this last work had so
great an effect upon his future life that we shall be excused
for quoting from a letter from Dr. Franklin, written after
he had attained great eminence, to a son of Cotton Mather:
"When I was a boy, I met a book entitled Essays to do Good,
which I think was written by your father. It had been so little
regarded by its former possessor that several leaves of it were torn
out, but the remainder gave me such a turn of thinking, as to
have an influence upon my conduct through life; for I have always
set a greater value on the character of a doer of good than any
other kind of reputation: and if I have been, as you seem to think,
a useful citizen, the public owes all the advantage of it to that
book."
•
We may remark, as a comment to the above, that the
first edit. of the Essays to do Good was pub. in 1710, 12mo.
In 1807, 12mo, it was repub. by the Rev. George Burder,
who detracted greatly from its value by making such altera-
tions in the style as he thought would "render it more
agreeable to a modern reader,"-changing "many quaint
and obsolete words and phrases for others more intelligible
and pleasant." This is as intolerable as the modern ver-
sions of Chaucer and Spenser. Carrying out this bright
idea, Mr. Burder favours us with no less than three hun-
dred "improvements" on the first eighteen pages! But
we are happy to state that the Massachusetts S. School
Society have recently (Boston, 1845, 18mo) issued an exact
reprint of the original; the latter is now so scarce that a
copy was recently sold in Boston for six dollars. The new
edit. is pub. at a low price, and should be circulated by
thousands and tens of thousands through the land. If the
whole of the seed thus sown shall produce but one more
FRANKLIN, the expenditure will be richly repaid.
But to return to the subject of our memoir. Among
young Franklin's first literary efforts were some specimens
of ballad poetry, which he printed, and sold himself in the
streets of Boston:
"One was called The Light-House Tragedy, and contained an ac-
count of the shipwreck of Captain Worthilake with his two daugh-
ters; the other was a sailor's song, on the taking of the
Teach, or Blackbeard the pirate. They were wretched stuff, in
street-ballad style; and when they were printed, my brother sent
me about the town to sell them. The first sold prodigiously, the
event being recent, and having made a great noise. This success
flattered my vanity; but my father discouraged me by criticising
my performances, and telling me verse-makers were generally beg-
gars. Thus I escaped being a poet, and probably a very bad one.”
– Autobiography.
The autobiography from which we havo quoted is, or
should be, familiar to all of our readers, and a repetition
will not be expected here. To this work, and to Dr. Jared
Sparks's continuation of his Life, we must refer the reader
for interesting particulars connected with the career of
this extraordinary man and his important contributions
to human knowledge. A rapid summary of the principal
A rapid summary of the principal
incidents in his life is all that our space will allow. In
1723, disgusted with the continued severity of his brother's
treatment of him, he removed to Philadelphia, where
he obtained employment with a printer named Keimer,
and devoted himself to his business with great industry
and intelligence. Having made the acquaintance of Sir
William Keith, then Governor of Pennsylvania, he en-
couraged him to establish a printing-office for himself. As
his father did not second this proposal, Sir William sent
him to London in 1724 to select the proper stock for a small
printing-establishment. Unable to accomplish the object
of his visit, he worked at his trade in London for about
1
two years, and then returned to Philadelphia. It was whilst
still in London, in 1725, that he pub. A Dissertation on Li-
berty and Necessity, Pleasure and Pain. This essay in-
troduced him to the acquaintance of Mandeville, the author
of The Fable of the Bees. It is not to be doubted that
intimacies with English freethinkers at this period, and
with French deists and atheists at a later stage of his life,
did much to engender those latitudinarian sentiments upon
religious subjects which Franklin is known to have enter-
tained. The essay on Liberty and Necessity, &c. is not to
be found in any edition of Franklin's Works. When Dr.
Sparks, in 1840, pub. his edit., this essay was supposed to
be lost; but a copy has since been discovered in England.
See (London) Notes and Queries No. 114, Jan. 3, 1852;
Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. In 1727 he entered into
partnership with a person named Meredith, and two years
later wrote and published an anonymous pamphlet on the
Nature and Necessity of Paper Currency; which was the
cause of an issue of bills amounting to eighty thousand
pounds. In the same year he purchased from Keimer the
Pennsylvania Gazette, the 1st No. of which bears date Dec.
24, 1728. Franklin and Meredith's first issue was No. 40.
Through the columns of this journal, and by the agency
of the Junto-a club established by him on his return
from London-the enterprising printer now controlled
political influence to no contemptible extent. In 1730
he was married to his old acquaintance, Mrs.. Rogers, for-
merly Miss Read, who had been deserted by her husband;
and in the same year he founded the public library in
Philadelphia. In 1732 he first pub. Poor Richard's Alma-
nac, which had a great run-in several cases an annual
sale of 10,000 copies-for 25 years. Franklin was now a
prominent member of the community, and in 1736 was
chosen Clerk of the Provincial Assembly; in 1737 he be-
came deputy postmaster at Philadelphia; and in 1753
Postmaster-General for British America. In 1741 he pub.
The General Magazine and Historical Chronicle for all the
British Plantations in America; in 1742 he invented what
is still called The Franklin Stove; in the next year he
originated The American Philosophical Society; in 1749
he had the great satisfaction of establishing in Philadel-
phia an institution of learning, which, in the maturity of
its age and fame, as the University of Pennsylvania, has
conferred honour of the most substantial kind upon the
country at large; in 1752 he was rejoiced at the demon-
stration of the truth of his theory of the identity of light-
ning with electricity; in 1754 he sat as a delegate in the
Congress of Commissioners of the Colonies convened at
Albany, in expectation of a rupture with France; the value
of his suggestions in this assembly, respecting articles
of union between the colonies, is well known to the student
of carly American history. Nor must we omit to mention,
among the services rendered by Franklin at this period,
the important aid which he rendered to Braddock at the
moment of extreme need. In 1756 we find Franklin com-
manding in person on the frontier, and ready to endure
any hardships or perils which the nature of his duties
might impose. From 1757 to 1762 he spent in England,
as agent for Pennsylvania, (he was complimented by the
degree of Doctor of Laws, conferred by the Universities of
Edinburgh, Oxford, and St. Andrew's, and chosen Fellow
of the Royal Society,) and in 1764 again visited England,
with a petition for a change in the charter. Whilst in
Great Britain, he was not forgetful of the interests of the
colonics at large, and it was doubtless greatly owing to the
effect produced by his celebrated examination before the
Parliament in 1766 that the obnoxious Stamp Act was
repealed.
When the difficulties between Great Britain and her
colonies had been aggravated to a state of open hostility,
Franklin was elected a member of the American Congress,
and, after signing the Declaration of Independence, was
appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to France, where he
arrived in December, 1776. His success in enlisting the
sympathies and substantial assistance of the French peo-
ple in behalf of the American colonies is well known. He
returned to Philadelphia,
returned to Philadelphia, September 14, 1785, at which
period he had attained the advanced age of 80 years, and
was received with the enthusiastic acclamations of a grate-
ful nation. From the original letter in the valuable col-
lection of our esteemed friend, George P. Putnam, of New
York, we copy the following testimonial to the patriotic
services of the individual to whom it is addressed':
"Mount Vernon, Sept. 25. 1785.
"DEAR SIR: Amid the public gratulation on your safe return to
America, after a long absence, and the many eminent services you
had rendered it-for which as a benefitted person I feel the obli-
gation-permit an individual to join the public voice in expressing
030
FRA
FRA
bis sense of them; and to assure you, that as no one entertains
more respect for your character, so none can salute you with more
sincerity or with greater pleasure than I do on the occasion.
'1 am-dear sir,
"Your most obt.
"and most Hble. Servt..
"G. WASHINGTON.
"The Hon'ble DOCT. FRANKLIN,"
He filled the dignified office of President of the Com-
monwealth of Pennsylvania from 1785 to 1788, and in
1787 sat with Washington and Hamilton in the Federal
Convention which framed the Constitution of the United
States. His last public act was to sign his name, as Pre-
sident of the Abolition Society, to a memorial to Congress,
and the last paper which he composed was on the same
subject. He died of a disease of the lungs, after a short
illness, on the 17th of April, 1790.
We have already referred to the religious opinions of
this eminent philosopher as "latitudinarian," and we know
not that we could have selected a better word. Nothing
can be fairer, in this connexion, than to quote his own
words, in a letter to Dr. Stiles, dated March 9, 1790, but a
few weeks before his death:
"As to Jesus of Nazareth, my opinion of whom you particularly
desire, I think the system of morals and his religion, as he left
them to us, the best the world ever saw, or is likely to see: but I
apprehend it has received various corrupting changes; and I have,
with most of the present dissenters in England, some doubts as to
bis divinity."
"It may not be unnecessary to remark, that if we may credit
Dr. Priestley, Dr. Franklin was not correct in estimating the senti-
ments of a majority of the dissenters in England." PRESIDENT
ALLEN.
When Thomas Paine proposed to publish his infamous
Age of Reason, Franklin wrote to him,
I would advise you not to attempt unchaining the tiger, but
to burn this piece before it is seen by any other person. If men
are so wicked with religion, what would they be without it?"
A notice, however cursory, of the religious opinions of
Benjamin Franklin, would be hardly just if it omitted to
notice a memorable declaration made by him, on an august
occasion, of his profound belief in the overruling provi-
dence of Almighty God.
His celebrated speech in the Convention for forming a
Constitution for the United States, when supporting his
motion for providing daily prayer in the Convention, was
in these words:
"In the beginning of the contest with Britain, when we were
sensible of danger, we had daily prayers in this room for the Divine
protection. Our prayers, sir, were heard, and they were graciously
answered. All of us who were engaged in the struggle must have
observed frequent instances of a superintending Providence in our
favour. To that kind Providence we owe this happy opportunity
of consulting in peace on the means of establishing our future na-
tional felicity. And have we now forgotten this powerful friend?
or do we imagine we no longer need is assistance? I have lived,
I have lived.
sir, a long time, [81 years;] and the longer I live the more convincing
proofs I see of this truth, that God governs in the affairs of men.
And if a sparrow cannot fall to the ground without His notice, is
it probable that an empire can rise without His aid? We have
been assured, sir, in the sacred writings, that except the Lord
build the house, they labour in vain that build it.' I firmly be-
lieve this; and I also believe that without His concurring aid. we
shall succeed in this political building no better than the builders
of Babel; we shall be divided by our little partial local interests;
our projects will be confounded; and we ourselves shall become a
reproach and a by-word down to future ages. And what is worse,
mankind may hereafter, from this unfortunate instance, despair
of establishing government by human wisdom, and leave it to
chance. war, or conquest. I therefore beg leave to move that
henceforth prayers, imploring the assistance of Heaven and its
blessing on our deliberations. be held in this assembly every
morning before we proceed to business; and that one or more of
the clergy of this city be requested to officiate in that service."
His death was sincerely mourned both in Europe and
An erica.
་
Mirabeau announced in the General Assembly of France that
the genius which had freed America, and poured a flood of light
over Europe, had returned to the bosom of the Divinity.' Every-
where,' to use the language of Rochefoucauld, he was the object
of the regrets, as he had been of the admiration, of the friends of
liberty.
•
: 77
ley, "was ever written on the subject more justly applauded
All the world, even kings, flocked to see them, and retired
full of admiration." They were tested with eminent suc-
cess by M. de Loz, in Paris, by M. Beccaria, in Turin, by
Richmann, in Russia, and by philosophers in various coun-
tries. Professor Richmann, as if to rebuke his temerity,
was struck dead, in the midst of his investigations, by the
formidable element which he had chosen for a plaything.
The 4th edit. of his letters and papers on electricity, en-
larged by essays on various philosophical subjects, appeared
in 1769, 4to. This edit., and the 5th, which was pub. five
years later, is supposed by Dr. Sparks to have received
some degree of attention from the author, who was then
in London.
Latin, French, Italian, and German, and appeared in va-
Translations of his writings were made into
rious parts of Europe. In 1772 M. Dubourg made a new
collection of Franklin's writings, including some not be-
fore printed, and pub. them at Paris, 2 vols. 4to. In 1779
another collection was pub. in London, consisting of Po-
litical, Miscellaneous, and Philosophical Pieces. These,
few of which were in print before, were edited by Benja-
min Vaughan, an intimate friend and correspondent of the
author. In 1787 a selection from the above edits. was pub.
in a thin Svo.
In 1793 there appeared in London what is called The
Works of Dr. Franklin, in 2 vols.; in 1798 a selection of
his pieces was pub. in Paris, 2 vols. 8vo; and in 1806 an
edition, superintended by a Mr. Marshall, was issued in Lon-
don, in 3 vols. 8vo. In 1816-19 edits. were pub. in Eng-
land and the United States, by William Temple Franklin,
grandson of the author, and Mr. William Duane of Phila-
delphia, (also a descendant of Dr. Franklin,) first in 3 vols.
4to, (Lon.,) subsequently in 6 vols. Svo, Lon., 1818; also
in 1833; Phila., 1818. The Phila. ed., in 6 vols. 8vo, con-
ed. It has been reprinted in 2 vols. r. 8vo. There is a Lon.
tains some papers and letters not to be found in the Lon.
been repub. at Paris, in 2 vols., a selection from Franklin's
ed. of his Life and Writings, 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. There has
writings in Spanish, translated from the French by Man
gino. Further particulars respecting the eds. of Franklin's
writings will be found in the Preface to Sparks's ed., Bos-
ton, 1836-40, to which we are indebted for many of the
facts now stated. New ed, of the same, thoroughly revised,
with additions and new illustrations, Phila., 1858, 10 vols.
Sro. This edition is the only complete one, and contains
about six hundred and fifty letters and miscellaneous
papers (more than one-third of the whole bulk of the new
ed.) not to be found in any other collection.
Of these,
upwards of four hundred and sixty had never been
printed. The Familiar Letters of Franklin, pub. in 1835
by Dr. Sparks, are included in this ed., and magazines,
pamphlets, and newspapers have been industriously exa-
mined, and no printed paper omitted which is known to
have been written by Franklin. The number of books,
papers, &c.-excluding letters-is no less than 304!
"In classifying these materials, the following arrangement has
been adopted:
"1. Autobiography.
"2. Essays on Religious and Moral Subjects and the Economy
of Life.
"3. Essays on General Politics, Commerce, and Polit. Economy.
"4. Essays and Tracts, Historical and Political, before the Ame
rican Revolution.
“5. Political Papers during and after the American Revolution.
"6. Letters and Papers on Electricity.
"7. Letters and Papers on Philosophical Subjects.
S. Correspondence.
6.
“Under each head all the articles have been placed in the order
in which they were written, with the date of each prefixed wher
ever this could be ascertained. The Correspondence is also printed
in chronological order from beginning to end, without regard to
ferable to any attempt at a classification, because in numerous in-
the contents of the letters. This method was believed to be pre-
and of a private nature."-Preface.
stances a single letter treats of various subjects, both of a political
Turgot celebrated his discoveries in electricity, and his
labours in behalf of freedom, in the striking line written
by him under Franklin's portrait:
65
Eripuit coelo fulmen, sceptrumque tyrannis."
We need not dwell upon the great value of the learned
editor's notes and historical remarks, which illustrate the
text. Dr. Sparks has not forgotten the great importance
of a copious index to a work of this character-to a good
work of any character. He gives us, indeed, no less than
The history of this celebrated line need not here be ro- five indexes, viz.: Index. I. A List of the Author's Writ-
peated.
ings, chronologically arranged. II. Letters written by
Franklin to Individuals and Public Bodies. III. Letters
addressed to Franklin by Various Persons. IV. Miscel-
laneous Letters. V. General Index.
His Experiments and Observations on Electricity, made
at Philadelphia, [proving that lightning and electricity
are the same,] and communicated in several Letters to Mr.
P. Collinson of London, were pub. in that city in 1751, 53,
'54, 3 Pts. 4to. They were not originally designed for
publication, but Collinson thought them too important
to be withheld. The public interest in these experiments
justified Collinson's anticipations. "Nothing," says Priest-
Can any collector of American history do without such
a noble set of volumes as this?
As regards minor publications, Franklin's autobio-
graphy has been frequently pub. in America and England,
and we have edits. of his Life by Holley, Stanley. Weems,
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and Weld, and sundry compilations from his writings.
On this eminent philosopher and statesman-of whom Lord
Brougham declares that "his genius ranks him with the
Galileos and the Newtons of the Old World," and of whom
Mirabeau does not scruple to assert, "Antiquity would
have raised altars to this mighty genius,"—it would be
easy to quote pages of panegyric; but our space allows
of but brief citation. At the conclusion of this article,
however, we shall refer the reader to other papers upon
the fertile themes of Franklin and his discoveries.
"A singular felicity of induction guided all his researches, and
by very small means he established very grand truths. The style
and manner of his publication on electricity are almost as worthy
of admiration as the doctrine it contains. He has endeavoured to
remove all mystery and obscurity from the subject. He has writ
ten equally for the uninitiated and for the philosopher; and he has
rendered his details amusing and perspicuous, elegant as well as
simple. Science appears in his language in a dress wonderfully
decorous. best adapted to display her native loveliness. He has
in no instance exhibited that false dignity by which philosophy is
kept aloof from common applications; and he has sought rather
to make her a useful inmate and servant in the common habita-
tions of man, than to preserve her merely as an object of admira-
tion in temples and palaces."-SIR HUMPHRY Davy.
"This self-taught American is the most rational. perhaps, of all
philosophers. He never loses sight of common sense in any of his
speculations; and when his philosophy does not consist entirely
in its fair and vigorous application, it is always regulated and con-
trolled by it in its application and result. No individual, perhaps,
ever possessed a juster understanding, or was so seldom obstructed
in the use of it by indolence, enthusiasm, or authority. The
distinguishing feature of his understanding was great soundness
and sagacity; combined with extraordinary quickness of penetra-
tion. He possessed also a strong and lively imagination, which
gave his speculations, as well as his conduct, a singularly original
turn. The peculiar charm of his writings, and his great merit
also in action, consisted in the clearness with which he saw his
object, and the bold and steady pursuit of it, by the surest and
the shortest road. He never suffered himself, in conduct, to be
turned aside by the seductions of interest or vanity, or to be scared
by hesitation and fear, or to be misled by the arts of his adversa
ries. Neither did he, in discussion, ever go out of his way in
search of ornament, or stop short from dread of the consequences.
He never could be caught, in short, acting absurdly, or writing
nonsensically at all times, and in every thing he undertook, the
vigour of an understanding at once original and practical was
distinctly perceivable.
"But it must not be supposed that his writings are devoid of
ornament or amusement. The latter especially abounds in almost
all he ever composed; only nothing is sacrificed to them. On the
contrary, they come most naturally into their places; and they
uniformly help in the purpose in hand, of which neither writer nor
reader ever loses sight for an instant. Thus, his style has all the
vigour and even conciseness of Swift, without any of his harsh-
ness. It is in no degree more flowery, yet both elegant and lively.
The wit, or rather humour, which prevails in his works, varies with
the subject. Sometimes he is bitter and sarcastic; often gay and
even droll: reminding us, in this respect. far more frequently of
Addison than of Swift, as might naturally be expected from his
admirable temper, or the happy turn of his investigation. . . .
Upon the whole, we look upon the life and writings of Dr. Franklin
as affording a striking illustration of the incalculable value of a
sound and well-directed understanding, and of the comparative
uselessness of learning and laborious accomplishments. Without
the slightest pretensions to the character of a scholar or man of
science, he has extended the bounds of human knowledge on a
variety of subjects, which scholars and men of science had previ-
ously investigated without success; and has only been found de
ficient in those studies which the learned have generally turned
from in disdain. We would not be understood to say any thing
in disparagement of scholarship and science; but the value of these
instruments is apt to be overrated by their possessors: and it is a
wholesome mortification to shew them that the work may be done
without them. We have long known that their employment does
not insure its success."-LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Rev., viii. 327-344;
xxviii. 275–302, 7. v.
...
These last reflections of Lord Jeffrey hardly require a
serious answer. It were as wise to say that the American
Indian, whose native talent enables him to fashion his
canoe with a rude flint, could not make a better canoe,
and sooner despatch his work, with the steel axe and the
sharp tools used by his civilized neighbour. Had Franklin
been an educated man, doubtless he would have been
enabled to add larger contributions to the stock of human
knowledge than those which have immortalized his name.
See papers on Franklin, his Correspondence and his
Discoveries, in the N. Amer. Rev., vii. 289, by A. Norton;
xxxvii. 249, by W. B. O. Peabody; lix. 446, by Francis
Bowen Meth. Quar. Rev., vii. 101, by Wm. H. Allen
Lon. Month. Rev., lxxxiii. 18, 133, lxxxviii. 409, cxxxii.
239; Amer. Month. Rev., iv. 124. The reader must also
peruse John Foster's Review of Dr. Franklin's Private
Correspondence, (contrib. to the Lon. Eclec. Rev., and re-
pub. in the collective od. of his contribs. to that periodical,)
and Edward Everett's Boyhood and Youth of Franklin.
We are glad to observe an announcement of the intended
publication (N.Y., 1859) of Letters to Benjamin Franklin
um his Family and Friends: a collection of about eighty
original letters, 1751-90. These are in the possession of
Franklin Bache, M.D., and are being carefully copied and
annotated by Mr. William Duane, (great-grandsons of Ben-
jamin Franklin.) Edition, 250 copies, (Svo, about 250
pp.) 10 copies on large paper, $10 each.
Franklin, Eleanor Ann, 1795-1825, a daughter of
Mr. Porden, architect, was married in 1823 to Sir John
Franklin, the unfortunate navigator. 1. The Veils; or,
The Triumph of Constancy; a Poem, in six Books, Lon.,
1815. Svo. 2. The Arctic Expedition; a Poem, 1818.
This poem, suggested by a visit to the Isabella and Alex-
ander, discovery ships, led to an acquaintance with Sir
John Franklin, one of the adventurers, which resulted in
marriage. 3. Coeur de Lion; an Epic Poem on the third
Crusade, 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. Mrs. Franklin died six days
after the departure of her husband on his second expedi-
tion. See FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN.
Franklin, J. Hist. of anc. and mod. Egypt, from the
most authentic records, Lon.. 1800, 3 vols. 12mo.
Franklin, James. A Philos. and Polit. Hist. of the
13 U. States of America, Lon., 1784, 12mo.
Franklin, James. Present State of Hayti, Lon.,
1828, cr. Svo.
"The statements concerning the productions, commerce, re-
sources, population, and government of Hayti. are minute and
particular, and were obtained by personal inquiry during a resi-
dence in the West Indies.”—N. Amer. Rev.
Franklin, Sir John, an eminent navigator, b. 1786,
at Spilsby, Lincolnshire, entered the Royal Navy as a
midshipman in 1800, was present at the battle of Trafal-
gar in 1806 and the battle of New Orleans in 1814, and
was selected in 1819 to head an expedition overland from
Hudson's Bay to the Arctic Ocean.
Hudson's Bay to the Arctic Ocean. After encountering
great hardships, and very frequently at the point of death
from hunger and fatigue, he reached home in October.
1822. In the next year he was married to Miss Porden.
See FRANKLIN, ELEANOR ANN. In 1825 he submitted to
Lord Bathurst "a plan for an expedition overland, to the
mouth of the Mackenzie river, and thence by sea, to the
N. West extremity of America, with the combined object
also, of surveying the coast between the Mackenzie and
Copper Mine rivers."
This proposition was accepted, and, to superintend the
expedition, he embarked at Liverpool, February 16, 1825,
after the "severe struggle of taking leave of his wife,
whose death, then hourly expected, took place six days
after his departure."
After encountering great hardships, the moving masses
of ice forced the heroic sailors to retrace their steps. Sep-
tember 1, 1827, Captain Franklin arrived at Liverpool,
married a second time in November of the following year,
and in 1829 received the honour of knighthood. The per-
severing zeal of Lady Franklin in stimulating the search
for Sir John, for ten years past, is well known to the
world. He was greatly disappointed at his unsuccessful
attempts to accomplish the object of his voyages; remark-
ing, with reference to his compulsory return in 1827:
"It was with no ordinary pain that I could now bring myself
even to think of relinquishing the great object of my ambition,
[the discovery of a North West passage from the Atlantic to the
Pacific Ocean,] and of disappointing the flattering hopes which had
been reposed in my exertions. But I had higher duties to perform
than the gratification of my own feelings, and a mature considera-
tion of all things forced me to the conclusion that we had reached
that point beyond which perseverance would be rashness and the
best efforts would be fruitless."
The Montreal Gazette of Sept. 11, 1822, remarks:
"It appears that the toils and sufferings of the expedition have
been of the most trying description, and that, if they do not ex
ceed belief, they were at least of such a nature as almost to over
come the stoutest heart, and deter all future attempts of a similar
tendency."
But this writer little knew the iron stuff of which Sir
John Franklin was made.
!
On the 26th of May, 1845, Sir John started upon a third
expedition, in two ships, the Erebus and Terror; he was
heard from on the 26th of July of the same year, and
passed his first winter in a cove between Cape Riley and
Beechey Island. Since that period, many expeditions
from England and America have been despatched in search
of the adventurer, but it was not until November, 1854,
that news reached England which leaves little doubt that
the whole party perished in the winter of 1850-51. See
London Gent. Mag., Nov. 1854, 479; Dec., 1854, 594-95.
Since the above was written, we have further intelligence,
by the return of Mr. James G. Stewart's expedition, de-
spatched by the British Hudson's Bay Company, 18th
Nov., 1854; arrived at St. Paul, Minnesota, 10th Dec.,
1855,-which places beyond all doubt the loss of Sir John
Franklin and his party. Some of their shoes, cooking-
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atensils, &c., were found among the Esquimaux, who de- Expedition has not in England been pub. in Svo, but see
clared that they had died of starvation.
By a curious coincidence, on the day that we are pen-
ning this article, (Oct. 11, 1855,) the last expedition-sent
specially in search of Dr. Kane and his party-which sailed
from New York in June, 1855, has arrived at home. The
-explorers bring with them Dr. Kane and all of his com-
pany save three-a carpenter, a cook, and a seaman, lost
by death. The remainder of the party are inore or less
frost-bitten. Of the last expedition-the steamer (pro-
peller) Arctic, Lieut. Simms, and the barque Release,
Lieut. Hartstene-the Arctic (Lieut. Hartstene was on
board) made its way north to lat. 78° 32', when it was
stopped by the ice. The Advance, Dr. Kane's vessel, had
been pushed as far north as possible, (see Geographical
Results," below,) when she was frozen in, and of course
had to be abandoned. The ship's company were found by
the Arctic and Release on the island of Disco. They have
been absent from home since May 31, 1853, and are re-
ceived with great rejoicings. They have made several
important discoveries, and added largely to our knowledge
of the inhospitable region the perils and discomforts of
which they have so bravely encountered. From a state-
ment in the New York Tribune of Oct. 12, 1855, we extract
the following résumé of the results of Dr. Kane's last voy
age. For an account of his former explorations, see his
work noticed at the end of this article.
"
"GEOGRAPHICAL RESULTS.
"I. Greenland has been followed and charted by Dr. Kane to
ward the Atlantic with a coast-line pointing due north, until a
stupendous glacier absolutely checked their progress. This mass
of ice rose in a lofty precipice five hundred feet high, abutting into
the sea. It undoubtedly is the only barrier between Greenland
and the Atlantic. It is an effectual barrier to all future exploration.
"This glacier, in spite of the difficulty of falling bergs. was fol-
lowed out to sea by means of sledges; the party rafting themselves
across open-water spaces on masses of ice. In this way they suc-
ceeded in travelling eighty miles along its base, and traced it into
a new northern land. This glacier is, we believe, the largest ever
discovered by any navigator.
"II. This new land thus cemented to Greenland by protruding
ice was named Washington. The large bay which intervenes be-
tween it and Greenland bears the name of Mr. Peabody of Balti-
more, one of the projectors of the expedition. This icy connection of
the Old and New World seems to us a feature of romantic interest.
III. The range of the sledge journeys may be understood from
the fact that the entire circuit of Smith Sound has been effected
and its shores completely charted. But the real discovery of the
expedition is the open Polar sea. The channel leading to these
waters was entirely free from ice; and this mysterious feature was
rendered the more remarkable by the existence of a belt of solid
ice extending one hundred and twenty-five miles to the south-
ward. This sea verifies the views of Dr. Kane as expressed to the
Geographical Society before his departure. The lashings of the
surf against the frozen beach of ice was impressive beyond descrip
tion. Several gentlemen with whom we have conversed speak of
the matter as one of peculiar interest. Au area of three thousand
square iniles has been seen, entirely free from ice. This channel
has been named after the Hon. J. P. Kennedy, late Secretary of the
United States Navy, under whose auspices the expedition was un-
dertaken.
"1V. The land to the north and west of this channel has been
charted as high as $20 30'. This is the nearest land to the Pole
yet known. It bears the name of Mr. Henry Grinnell, the founder
of the enterprise."
The unstudied and seaman-like simplicity of the style is not
the least of its merits; and the illustrations and embellishments,
from the drawings of the late unfortunate Mr. Hood and Mr. Back,
are of a very superior kind.”—Lon. Quar. Rev.
"A work of intense and indeed painful interest, from the suffer-
Ings of those who performed this journey; of value to geography
by no means proportional to these sufferings; but instructive in
meteorology and natural history."-Stevenson's Voy, and Travels.
below.
"The views of Arctic Scenery with which this volume is both
illustrated and embellished are of extreme beauty. They supply,
delineate, with singular truth, the striking peculiarities which
in a great measure, the absence of picturesque description, and
distinguish the aspect of these regions from that of the temperate
climates."-Elia. Rev.
2. Capt. John Franklin's Narrative of a Second Expedi-
tion to the Shores of the Polar Sea, 1825-27; including
an Account of the Progress of a Detachment to the East-
ward, by John Richardson, M.D., F.R.S., &c., Surgeon
and Naturalist to the Expedition. Illustrated by numerous
Maps and Plates, 1828, 4to, pp. 447, £4 48. The Second
..
It is difficult to do sufficient justice either to the skill and
intelligence displayed in its conduct, or the information to be de-
rived from it."—Amer. Quar. Rev.
6. Article entitled Attempts to find a North-West Pas-
sage, in N. Amer. Rev., lxix. 1; and the following articles
on Sir John Franklin and the Arctic Regions: 7. N. Amer.
Rev., lxxi. 168. S. N. York Eclec. Mag., xx. 60. 9, 10.
Boston Living Age, (from the London Examiner,) xxiv.
275 and 279. Search for Sir J. F. 11. Fraser's Mag., xliii.
198; same art., N. York Eclec. Mag., xxii.420. 12. Fraser's
Mag.,xliv. 502. 13. Boston Living Age, (from the Lon.
New Monthly Mag.,) xxxi. 291. Second Expedition of Sir
J. F. 14. Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxviii. 335. 15, 16. Lon.
Month. Rev., cii. 1, 156; exvii. 1. 17. South Rev., iii. 261,
Track of Sir J. F. 18. N. York Eclec. Mag., xxii. 112.
Also, 19. Meares, J., Voyages made in 1788-89 from China
to the North-West Coast of America; with Observations
on the Existence of a North-West Passage, &c., maps and
plates, 1790, 4to.
|
Perhaps so long an article on this subject, in a Literary
Dictionary, is rather out of place; but who can resist being To the above must be added, 20. Dr. Elisha Kent Kane's
led away by such themes? The reader who desires to Narrative of the Expedition in search of Sir John Frank-
pursue this interesting topic must refer to the following lin, N. York, 1854, Svo, the Voyages of Beechey, Parry and
publications:-1. Capt. John Franklin's Narrative of a Ross, Back's Arctic Expedition, Sabine's North Georgia
Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea, 1819–22, with an Gazette, 1821, 4to, and A Souvenir of the late Polar Search
Appendix on various Subjects relating to Science and by the Officers and Seamen of the Expedition, 1852, Svo.
Natural History, Lon., 1823, 4to, pp. 784; 34 Plates, and Nor must the Historical Accounts and numerous essays of
four Maps, £4 48. The Appendix on Natural History is Sir John Barrow upon this subject, be overlooked by the
by Sir John Richardson, Sabine, Lieut. Hood, &c. The reader. We are promised another work from Dr. Kane,
Plates are beautifully engraved by Finden (some of them who, as mentioned above, has returned this day from a
coloured) after drawings by Lieuts. Hood and Back. A fruitless search after Sir John Franklin. Upon the sub-
second and third edit. were pub. in 1824, both in 2 vols.ject of a North-West Passage, we append an interesting
8vo, without the plates.
paper from the New York Herald of Oct. 12, 1855.
Also an ed. in Phila., Svo, same year.
There is an edit. pub. in 1829, Lon., 4 vols. 18mo, of Sir
John Franklin's Two Journeys to the Shores of the Polar
Sea in 1819-27, with engravings by Finden, £1. An edit.
of the second expedition was pub. in Phila., 1828, 8vo.
The reader must also peruse, 1. Mr. P. L. Simmonds's
account of Sir John Franklin and the Arctic Regions,
1851, 12mo; 2d ed., 1852, 12mo; 3d ed., 1853, 12mo. 2.
Papers and Correspondence relative to the Arctic Expedi-
tion under Sir John Franklin. Ordered by the House of
Commons to be printed, March 5, 1850–52, fol. 3. The Frank-
lin Expedition, or Considerations on Measures for the Dis-
covery and Relief of our Absent Adventurers in the Arctic
Regions; with Maps, by the Rev. W. Scoresby, D.D., 1850.
4. Arctic Searching Expedition: a Journal of a Boat Voy-
of the Discovery Ships under Command of Sir John Frank-
age through Rupert's Land and the Arctic Sea, in Search
lin; with an Appendix on the Physical Geography of
North America. By Sir John Richardson, M.D., F.R.S.,
&c., Inspector of Hospitals and Fleets. Published by
Authority of the Admiralty. With a coloured Map, seve-
ral Plates printed in Colours, and Woodcuts, 2 vols. 8vo.
“Valuable alike to the scientific student or the future wanderer
over these wild plains, and the lonely settler whom European en-
terprise may locate among these far distant tribes. It is a book
to study rather than to read; and yet so attractive in its style, and
so instructive in its collation of facts, that many will be led to its
study as a work of science whilst merely engaged in its perusal as
a book of travels.”—Britannia.
5. A Lecture on Arctic Expeditions, delivered at the
London Institution, by C. R. Weld, Esq. Second edition,
Map, p. Svo.
"An intelligent general view of the subject of Arctic Discovery
from early times, a rapid but well-informed sketch of its heroes
and its vicissitudes in modern days. a hopeful view of the chances
of Franklin's return, and an account of the circumstances of the
original expedition and of the voyages in search, which will be
read with considerable interest just now."-Lon. Examiner.
“THE EFFORTS MADE TO DISCOVER A NORTH-WEST PASSAGE.
"The attempt to discover a north-west passage was made by a
Portuguese named Cortereal, about A. D. 1500. It was attempted
by the English in 1553; and the project was greatly encouraged
by Queen Elizabeth in 1585. in which year a company was asso
ciated in London, and was called the Fellowship for the Discovery
of the North-West Passage.' The following voyages with this de
sign were undertaken, under British and American navigators, in
the years respectively stated:
Sir Hugh Willoughby's expedition to find a north-west pas-
sage to China sailed from the Thames.....
May 20, 1553
Sir Martin Frobisher's attempt to find a north-west passage
Captain Davis's expedition to find a north-west passage........ 1585
to China
1576
Barentz's expedition
Weymouth and Knight's .
1594
1602
·
•
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Hulen's voyages; the last undertaken.......
Sir Thomas Buttan's
Baffin's.....
B
Foxe's expedition
(A number of enterprises, undertaken by various countries,
followed.)
Middleton's expedition………………..
Moore's and Smith's......
Fearue's land expedition..
1742
1746
1769
Captain Phipps, afterwards Lord Mulgrave, bis expedition.... 1773
Captain Cook, in the Resolution and Discovery............July, 1776
1789
1790
……………..
Mackenzie's expedition....
Captain Duncan's voyage...
The Discovery. Captain Vancouver, returned from a voyage
of survey and discovery on the north-west coast of Ame-
rica.
.........Sept. 24. 1795
Lieut. Kotzebue's expedition......
....Oct. 1815
Captain Buchan's and Lieut. Franklin's expedition in the
Dorothea and Trent....
.... 1818
Captain Ross and Lieut. Parry, in the Isabella and Alexander 1818
Lieuts. Parry and Liddon, in the Hecla and Griper......May 4, 1819
They return to Leith.....
.Nov. 3, 1820
May 8, 1821
May 8, 1824
And returns....
Capts. Parry and Lyon. in the Fury and Hecla..
Capt. Parry's third expedition with the Hecla......
Capts. Franklin and Lyon, after having attempted a land ex-
pedition, again sail from Liverpool.....
.Feb. 16, 1825
Capt. Parry, again in the Hecla, sails from Deptford...March 25, 1827
....Oct. 6, 1827
Captain Ross arrived at Hull, on his return from his Arctic
expedition, after an absence of four years, and when all
hope of his return had been nearly abandoned......Oct. 18, 1833
Captain Back and his companions arrived at Liverpool from
their perilous Arctic land expedition, after having visited
the Great Fish River, and examined its course to the Polar
Seas.......
.Sept. 8, 1835
Captain Back sailed from Chatham in command of His Ma-
jesty's ship Terror, on an exploring adventure to Wager
River. Captain Back, in the month of December, 1835,
was awarded, by the Geographical Society, the King's
annual premium for his polar discoveries and enter-
prise......
...June 21, 1836
Dease and Simpson traverse the intervening space between
the discoveries of Ross and Parry, and establish that there
is a.north-west passage
...Oct. 1839
Sir John Franklin and Captain Crozier, in the Erebus and
Terror, leave England.......
May 24, 1845
Captain Ross returned from an unsuccessful expedition in
search of Franklin....
.1849
***
·
►
……………..
……………………….
PA...
SE
1610
1612
1616
1631
……………………
……………………….
Another expedition (one sent out by Lady Franklin) in search
of Sir John Franklin, consisting of two vessels, sailed from
England......
April-May, 1850
Another, under Capt. McClure, who succeeded in effecting a
transit over ice from ocean to ocean; and another under
Sir Edward Belcher.......
Another, consisting of two vessels, the Advance and Rescue,
liberally purchased for the purpose by Henry Grinnell, a
New York merchant, and manned at government cost from
the United States navy, under command of Lieut. De Ha-
ven, sailed from New York.......
May, 1850
May 31, 1853
The expedition of Dr. Kane, in the Advance……………….
The last expedition, consisting of the Release and Arctic,
under Lieut. Hartstene.....
June, 1855
..Oct. 11, 1855
And returns.....
"There may be some omissions in the above, but it will be found
generally correct,”
1851
Franklin, Richard. Discourse of Antichrist and
the Apocalypse, Lon., 1675, fol.
Franklin, Robert. Serm., Lon., 1683, 4to.
Franklin, Thomas. Defence of Lecturers, 1721.
Franklin, Thomas, D.D., Rector of Brasted, Kent.
Serms., 1748-74.
Franklin, Thomas, Rector of Langton Herring.
Serm., 1756, Svo.
Franklin, Thomas, Vicar of Ware. Serms., 1763-
68, 4to.
Franklin, William. See FRANCKLIN.
Franklin, William Temple, d. at Paris, 1823, son
of William Franklin, the last royal Governor of New Jer-
sey, and grandson of Dr. Benjamin Franklin, has already
been mentioned as editor of his grandfather's works. See
FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN, LL.D.
Franklyn, Francis. Serm., 1724, 8vo.
Franks, James, of Halifax. 1. Serm., 1790, 8vo.
2. The Pious Mother, 1794, 12mo. 3. Memoirs of Pre-
tended Prophets, 1795, 8vo.
"Well adapted to curb prophetical extravagance."-Lowndes's
Brit. Lil.
4. Sacred Literature; or, Remarks upon the Book of
sis, 1802, 8vo. Consists principally of extracts. The author
"Has contented himself with forming the arrangement, which
is clear and good, and in sterling short passages to serve for con-
nexion and elucidation."--Brit. Critic, O. S., xxi. 680, 681,
Frankz, Thomas. 1. Tour through France, &c,
Lon., 1735, 8vo. 2. Eclipses, 1736, 8vo. 3. Silesia, 1741, Svo.
Fraser, Alexander, Lord Saltoun. 1. Arrangements
on Civil Polity; rel. to Husbandry, Mines, Fisheries, and
Manufactures in this Kingdom, Lon., 1786,8vo. 2. Thoughts
on disqualifications rel. to elections, 1788, Svo.
Fraser, Alexander. 1. Speech of H. Brougham,
1808, Svo. 2. Account of the Festival of the Free-Masons,
given by the Earl of Moira, the Grand Master, previous tó
his departure for India, 1813, 8vo.
1. Key
Fraser, Alexander, minister of Kirkhill.
to Prophecies not yet accomplished, Edin., 1795, Svo.
"This is a work of some merit. It contains rules for the arrange
ment of the unfulfilled prophecies—observations on their dates—
and a general view of the events foretold in them."-Orme's Bibl.
Bib.
Franks, James Clarke. 1, 2. Hulsean Lectures:
for 1821, on the Evidences of Chris'y, Camb., 1821, 8vo;
for 1823, on the Apostolical Preaching, &c., 1823, 8vo.
"Many original remarks.-Bickersteth's C. S.
3. Christian Psalmody, 1834, 24mo.
Franks, John. 1. Animal Life and Apparent Death,
Lou., 1790, 8vo. 2. Typhus Contagion, 1799, 8vo.
2. Comment. on Isaiah, 1800, Svo.
"Much light is thrown on passages by the principle here adopted."
-BICKERSTETH.
"It discovers much sound sense and scriptural knowledge, and
a talent for critical exposition, which it is to be regretted the au-
thor did not exercise to a greater extent.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Fraser, D. Works of Ebenezer Erskine, with a Me-
moir, Lon., 1826, 2 vols. Svo. The Life and Diary of Ers-
kine was pub. separately in 1831, 12mo.
Fraser, Henry, M.D. 1. Vaccine Inoculation, Lon.,
1805, Svo.
1805, Svo. 2. Epilepsy and the use of Viscus Quercinus,
1806, Svo.
Fraser, Rev. James. Loch Ness; Phil. Trans., 1699.
Fraser, James, of Brea, b. 1639, minister of Culcross,
Scotland. 1. Saving Faith, Edin., 1722, 12mo. 2. Cor-
rupt Ministers, 1744. 3. Memoirs of himself. Select
Biog., ii. 89.
Fraser, James. 1. Hist. of Nadir Shah, Lon., 1742,
8vo. This is an interesting work, but we have a better
biography, pub. by Sir Wm. Jones. 2. Cat. of MSS. in the
Persic, Arabic, and Sanscrit Languages, Lon., 1742, Svo.
Fraser, James, 1700-1769, a minister of the Church
of Scotland. The Scripture Doctrine of Sanctification,
Edin., 1774, 12mo. Several eds., Edin., 1813, 12mo.
Abridged, Lon., 1849, 18mo.
This valuable work was edited by Dr. Erskine of Edinburgh,
who prefixed to it a short account of the author and his father.
It is one of the ablest expositions of this difficult portion of Scrip-
ture we possess; and exposes, with great ability, the mistakes of
Grotius. Hammond, Locke, Whitby, Taylor, Alexander, and others.
The doctrinal views of the author will not be relished by those who
are violently opposed to Calvinism; but the critical interpretation
on which they are founded it will be difficult to overthrow."-
Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"An able defence of the doctrines of the Gospel.”—Bickersleth's
C. S.
Fraser, James, D.D. Lectures on the Pastoral Cha-
racter, newly edited by J. F., Lon., 1811, 8vo.
Fraser, James. Pilgrimage to Craigmullar Castle;
with other Poems, Edin., 1817, 12mo.
Fraser, James. 1. Guide through Ireland, 4th ed.,
Lon., 1854, p. 8vo.
“As a work of typography, it possesses a high degree of excel-
lence; and its statistics will be found available and most useful to
the traveller.”—Dublin E. Mail.
3. Belfast and its Environs, Lon., 12mo.
to the Lakes of Killarney, Dub., 1850, 12mo.
Fraser, James Bailie, after travelling for many
years, and delighting the world with his narrations of what
"he saw and was," returned to Scotland to settle on his
patrimonial estate of Reelig, Inverness-shire, "a quiet
highland glen." 1. Journal of a Tour through part of the
Snowy Range of the Himala Mountains, &c., 1820, 4to, r.
4to, and imp. 4to. Imp. 4to, with fol. vol. of 20 coloured
views in the Himala Mountains, pub. at £21.
"Notwithstanding Mr. Fraser's ignorance of natural history. In
a country quite new, and full of most interesting objects in this
science, and that he had no means of measuring heights or ascer
taining the temperature or pressure of the air; and notwithstand-
ing a want of method, and a heaviness and prolixity in the style,
this book possesses great interest, for the scenes of nature and
Gene-pictures of manners which it exhibits.”—Stevenson's Voyages und
2. Guide to the County of Wicklow, Dubl., 1842, 12mo.
"We cannot speak too highly of this excellent little work; it is
decidedly the best guide to the picturesque beauties of the county
of Wicklow we have ever met with.”—Dublin Monitor.
4. Handbook
Travels.
2. Journey into Khorasan, 1821-22, 1825, 4to.
"Mr. Fraser, by his intelligence and enterprise, has made valu-
able additions to our knowledge of Persia, and gained a right to
rank as the very first to whom we owe a distinct view of any con-
Lon. Month. Rev.
siderable part of Persian Chorasin."-Edin. Rev., No. 85; and see
3. Travels and Adventures in the Persian Provinces on
the Southern Banks of the Caspian Sea, 1826, 4to. 4. The
Kuzzilbash; a Tale of Khorasan, 1828, 3 vols. p. Svo. The
Turkish word Kuzzilbash signifies red-hend, but the author
complains that some of the English public mistook his
634
FRA
FRA
romantic tale for a cookery-book. He therefore wisely | 4. Trial of J. Watson and four others for Higa Treason,
pub. the continuation under the title of-5. The Persian
Adventurer, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
1817, 8vo.
"This work is replete with spirit, interest, and local information.
It is one of the most animated and entertaining of our recent
Anglo-Oriental romances.”—Lom. Court Journal.
6. The Khan's Tale, 1833, 12mo; 1850, 12mo. 7. Nar-
rative of the Residence of the Persian Princes in London,
1835-36, 1838, 2 vols. er. 8vo.
"From the subject. and from the author. we certainly anticipated
an entertaining publication; but we had no idea that even the lat
ter. with all his Oriental acquirements and acknowledged talents.
could have made the former so very curious, as well as entertain-
ing."-Lon. Lit. Guz.
8. A Winter Journey (Tâtar) from Constantinople to
Tehran, with Travels through various Parts of Persia,
1838, 2 vols. 8vo.
Indeed, these volumes can hardly be surpassed in lively de-
lineations, rapid but graphic sketches. and the excitement of tra-
velling over strange ground, with a guide equally remarkable for
the extent of his good-humour and the depth of his information."
-Lon. Athenæum.
9. Travels in Koordistan and Mesopotamia, 1840, 2 vols.
8vo.
|
··
"One of the most valuable books of travels which has emanated
from the press for a considerable time. All the regions visited are
curious and characteristic in their natural features and the man-
ners of the people. We recommend the work to the reader as one
of the best accounts of the countries of which it treats.”—Lon.
Spectator.
10. The Highland Smugglers. 11. Allee Neemroo, 1842,
3 vols. r. 12mo. 12. Dark Falcon; or, the Tale of the At-
truck, 1844, 4 vols. p. Svo. 13. Hist. of Persia, Anc. and
Mod., (Edin. Cab. Lib., No. 15,) 1847, 12mo.
This volume of the Edinburgh Cabinet Library will in no way
be found inferior to its predecessors; the author has had the ad-
vantage of having visited a great proportion of the tract which he
describes, and of thus being enabled to separate the truth from
error or falsehood in preceding accounts."-Asiatic Journal.
14. Mesopotamia and Assyria, (Edin. Cab. Lib., No. 32,)
1847, 12mo.
Fraser, John. Theolog. treatises, Paris, 1604, '05.
Fraser, John. Second Sight, Edin., 1707, 12mo.
Fraser, John. American Grass, &c., Lon., 1789. fol.
Fraser, John, 1745-1819, minister at Auchtermuchty,
1768. Serms. and Essays, Edin., 1820, 12mo.
Fraser, Patrick. On Law as to relations, Scotland,
Edin., 1846, 2 vols. 8vo.
Fraser, R. Scientific Wanderings, Lon., 1843, fp. Svo.
"No reader, be he old or young. will rise from the perusal of
this handsome little volume without deriving from it both grati-
fication and instruction."-Elin. Advertiser.
Fraser, Robert. 1. Agricult. of Devon, Lon., 1793,
4to. 2. Agricult. and Mineral. of Wicklow, Dubl., 1801,
8vo.
"It is very sensibly written, and prospectively moderate.”—
Donaldson's Agricult. Bing.
3. Gleanings in Ireland rel. to Agricult. Mines and Fishe-
ries, Lon., 1802, Svo. 4. Letter on Fisheries, 1803, Svo.
4. Letter on Fisheries, 1803, Svo.
5. Review of the Domestic Fisheries of G. Brit. and Ire-
land, Edin., 1818, 4to. At the conclusion of his list of
works on Fisheries, Mr. McCulloch remarks:
"Sir T. C. Morgan has added an Historical Sketch of the British
and Irish Fisheries to the First Report of the Commissioners of In-
quiry into the State of the Irish Fisheries, folio. Dublin, 1836. Sir
John Barrow has contributed a valuable article on the Fisheries to
the last edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. And there is an
article on the Herring Fishery in the Commercial Dictionary, &e
But a good work on the history, state, and prospects of the latter
continues to be a desideratum."-Lib. of Polit. Econ. 1845, 233.
Fraser, Robert W. 1. Moriah: or. Sacred Rites of
Ancient Israel, Lon., 1849, 12mo; 1851, 12mo.
"The author has a graphic pen, a sober judgment, and a Chris-
tian heart. These qualifications make his volume a very pleasant
one for readers who want varied pictures; an instructive one for
persons who have only the common knowledge of its subjects;
and an edifying one for devout hearts."-Lon. Eclectic Review.
"Full of well-digested information, and equally fitted to enlighten
and to edify.”—British Banner.
2. Leaves from the Tree of Life, 1851, 16mo. 3. Ele-
ments of Physical Science, 1854, 12mo. 4. Turkey, An-
cient and Modern, 1854, p. 8vo.
Fraser, Simon, Lord Lovat, 1667–1747, a native of
Beaufort, near Inverness, a warm adherent of Charles Ed-
ward, the Pretender, and the hero of many remarkable
adventures, was executed for high treason, April 9, 1747,
at the advanced age of eighty years. See Memoirs of his
Life. Lon., 1746, Svo. Ilis Trial, 1747, fol. Memoirs of
his Life, written by himself in French, and now first trans.
from the original MS., 1797, Svo. Life, in Chambers's Lives
of Illust. and Dist. Scotsmen, 1833, ii. 378.
Fraser, Simon. 1. Reports rel. to Elections H. Com.,
Lon., 1791-93, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Burns's Eccles. Law, 6th
ed., 1797, 4 vols. Svo. 3. Case of R. Sherson, 1815.
Fraser, Mrs. Susan. Comillo de Florian, and other
Poems. 1809, 8vo.
Fraser,Thomas. 1. Inoculation in Antigua, 1755, '56,
Lon., 1778, 8vo. 2. Olium Ricini; Med. Obs. and Inq., 1762.
&c., from the Italian of the Marquis de Salvo, Lon., 1807,
Fraser, W. Travels in 1806 from
Travels in 1806 from Italy to England,
12mo.
An Essay on the
Fraser, W. W., Surgeon-Major.
Shoulder Joint Operation, 1813, 8vo.
The book
Fraunce, Abraham, an English poet temp. Eliza-
beth, was educated at St. John's Coll., Camb., at the ex-
pense of Sir Philip Sidney; he afterwards went to Gray's
Inn, and was subsequently called to the Bar of the Court
of the Marches in Wales. 1. The Lamentations of Amyn-
tus for the death of Phyllis; in English Hexameters, 1587,
'88, 4to. 2. Lawier's Logike; exemplifying the Precepts
of Logike by the Practice of the Common Lawe, 1588, 4to.
After the dedication in rhyme to Henry, Earle of Pem-
broke, occurs an address "To the learned Lawyers of Eng-
generally is in prose. The poetical part consists of Vir-
land, especially the Gentlemen of Gray's Inne."
gil's Eclogue of Alexis, trans. into bexameters, and exein-
plifications to illustrate the rules of logic. 3. Insignium
Armorum Emblematumn, &c., 1588, 4to. 4, 5. The Coun-
tesse of Pembroke's Yuychurch (pp. 94) and Emanuel,
(pp. 38,) 1591, 4to. All in English hexameters. The two
are priced in Bibl. Anglo-Poet., £45; resold by Saunders
in 1818, £13 2s. 6d. 6. The third part of the Yuychurch,
entitled Aminta's Dale, pp. 122, 1592, 4to. In English
Bibl. Anglo-Poet., £40. 7. Heliodorus's
Ethiopies, (the beginning,) 1591, 8vo.
hexameters.
8. Arcadian Rhetorike; or, the Precepts of Rhetoricke
made plaine, by examples Grecke, Latyne, Englishe,
Italyan, Frenche, and Spanishe, 1588, Svo. This is a
mixture of prose and verse.
"An affected and unmeaning title. . . . Valuable for its English
examples."― Wurton's Hist. of Eng. Poet.
Fraunce is commended by George Peele as
of the Gurter, sine anno, sed circu 1593, 4to.
A peerless sweet translator of our time."-loem of the Order
Fraunce shines particularly as an English hexametrist. Ilis
Countess of Pembroke's Yvychurch and his translation of part of
Heliodorus, are written in melodious dactyls and spoudees, to the
no small admiration of Sidney, Harvey, &c."
Harvey's Commendation-in bis Foure Letters and cer-
taine Sonnets-classes him in good company:
"I cordially recommend to the dear louers of the Muses, and
namely to the professed sonnes of the same, Edmond Spencer,
Daniel. Thomas Nashe, and the rest, whom I affectionately thancke
Richard Stanihurst, Abraham Fraunce. Thomas Watson. Samuell
for their studious endeuours commendably employed in enriching
and polishing their natiue tongue, &c.”—Lell. iii., p. 29, 1592, 4to,
Gabriel Harvey is so far from being ashamed of his
English hexameters, which have been violently attacked,
that he exclaims, in the same publication from which we
have just quoted,
"If I never deserve any better remembrance. let me be epitaphed
the Inventour of the English hexameter! whome learned Mr. Stani-
hurst imitated in his Virgill, and excellent Sir. P. Sidney disdained
not to follow in his Arcadia, and elsewhere."
Mr. Park, in quoting the above, adds:
Ascham in 1564 had well observed that 'carmen hexametrum
doth rather trotte aud hoble than runne smoothly in our English
tong.—Scholemaster, p. 60. Yet Stanihurst strangely professes in
his dedication to take upon him to execute some part of Maister
Aschams will, who had recommended carmen iambicum while he
dispraised carmen hexametrum?'
dispraised carmen hexametrum." See Warton's Ilist. of Eng. Poet,
·
Some of our modern poets have revived English hexame-
ter we beg pardon, not revived, but exhumed; as a
mummy is exhumed;-all that makes life, wanting, and
even the form shrunken and uncomely. Where Southey
and Longfellow have failed, the fault must be in the ma-
illustration of the subject, when he says that "the mo-
terial, not the artist. Mr. Longfellow himself gives a happy
tions of the English Muse [in the hexameter] are not
unlike those of a prisoner dancing to the music of his
chains."
6
We give an opinion upon the subjeet, in which our
author is introduced, from an ancient authority; he italics
are our own:
"Abraham Fraunce, a versifier in Queen Elizabeth's time, who,
imitating Latin measure in English verse, wrote his Iviechurch
and some other things. in Hexameter; some also in Hexameter
and Pentameter; nor was he altogether singular in this way of
writing; for Sir Philip Sidney in the pastoral interludes of his
Arcadia. uses not only these, but all other sorts of Latin measure,
in which no wonder he is followed by so few, since they neither become
Petarum Anglicanorum.
the English, nor any other modern language.”—Phillips's Theatrum
The Biog. Dramat. also is greatly disgusted at Fraunce's
choice of metre:
635
FRA
FRE
"He has written severa. things in the awkwardest of all verse,
though at that time greatly in vogue, Euglish hexameter.”
Much of interest upon this subject may be found in the
Preface and Notes to Southey's Vision of Judgment, and
in the following papers upon English hexameters:
1. N. Amer. Rev., lv. 121, by Prof. C. C. Felton. 2. Ditte,
lxvi. 215; review of Longfellow's Evangeline, by same
author. 3. Edin. Rev., xxxv. 422. 4. Blackw. Mag., lx.
19, 327, 477. 5. Fraser's Mag., xxxvi. 665. 6. Ditto,
xxxix. 342. 7. Ditto, xlii. 62. S. Boston Living Age,
xvi. 172. 9. N. Brit. Rev., May, 1853. The reader must
also procure a volume pub. by Mr. Murray of London, in
1847, Svo, entitled English Hexameters; from the German.
By Sir John Herschel, Dr. Whewell, Archdeacon Hare, Dr.
Hawtrey, and J. G. Lockhart. Also, Goethe's Herman and
Dorothea; a Tale of the French Revolution. Translated
into English Hexameters from the German Hexameters of
the Author; with an Introductory Essay on the Origin and
Nature of the Poem, 1849, 1 vol. fep. Svo.
"Goethe's peculiarities may shine out more conspicuously in
some of his other works, but in none else are they so collected into
a focus."-W. Vox Humboldt.
"Goethe is held. by the unanimous voice of Europe, to have been
one of the greatest poets of our own or of any other time."
WHEWELL.
"Goethe, simple yet profound, united the depth of philosophical
thought to the simplicity of childish affection; and striking with
almost inspired felicity the chord of native affection, produced that
mingled flood of poetic meditation and individual observation which
has rendered his fame unbounded in the Fatherland."-ALISON.
Frazer, Mrs. The Practice of Cookery, Pastry,
Pickling, Preserving, &c., Edin., 1791, Svo.
Frazer, Alex. Judicial Proceedings before the High
Ct. of Admiralty, &c., Edin., 1814. Svo.
Frazer, James. Answer to R. Stewart, 1787, 4to.
Frazer, John, a native of Ohio. The American Form-
Book. New ed., Cin., 1855.
Frazer, S. Roads of Lorraine, 1729, Svo.
Frazer. See FRASER.
Freake, A. 1. Humulus Lupulus for Gout, &c., 2d ed.,
1816, Svo. 2. Addit. Cases, 1811, Svo.
Freake, Wm. Secret Designs and Bloody Projects
of the Society of Jesuits, Lon., 1630, 4to.
Frederick, Charles. Idalia, Lon., 1768, fol.
Frederick, Sir Charles. Course of the Ermine
Street through Northamp., &c., Archæol., 1770.
Free, B. B.
1. Exercises in the Inns of Ct. prep. to
the Study of Law, Lon., 1784, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Exempla
Erasmiania, 1805, 12mo. 3. New Spelling Dictionary, 1808.
Free, John, D.D., Vicar of East Croker, Somerset-
shire. Serms., Poems, &c., 1739-86.
Free, John. Political Songster, Birm., 1784, '90, 12mo.
Freebairn, James. Life of Mary, Queen of Scots;
from the French of Bois-Guibbert, Edin., 1725, 8vo.
Freedley, Edwin T., of Philadelphia. 1. Money:
how to Get, Save, Spend, Give, Lend, and Bequeath it, Phila.,
1852, 12mo; several English eds. by different houses; 5th
ed., 1853. Edited by John McGregor, Esq., M.P., 1853,
12mo.
"We are glad to learn the fact of an entire edition being dis
posed of in one day.”—Lo. Times.
2. Leading Pursuits and Leading Men, Phila., 1856, Svo.
3. Philadelphia and its Manufactures, 1855, 12mo, PP.
490. A book of great value.
Freeke, Wm., b. 1663, an English Socinian, wrote a
Dialogue on the Deity, and A Confutation of the Doctrines
of the Trinity, for which he was fined £500 and obliged
to recant in Westininster Hall. His book was publicly
burnt.
Poems, Legendary and Historical, by E. A. F. and G. W
Cox, 1850, Svo; 2d ed., 1852, 8vo.
Freeman, Francis. Theolog. treatises, 1647, '54, 4to.
Freeman, Francis. Serms., Lon., 1722.
Freeman, G., of the Inner Temple. Day; an Epistle
to C. Churchill, Lon., 1762.
Freeman, G. Sketches in Wales, or a Diary of three
walking Excursions in that Principality in 1823-25, 1826,
Svo.
"This book is American in origin and completely American in
character. No other country could have sent forth such a work,-
so plain-spoken, so honest, so judicious. so reasonable... Mr.
Freedley's is a capital book, and, considered as a representation of
the daily dealings of the Americans, it raises them very much in
our estimation. The work ought to be read by all traders, old and |
young. The old may find in it ennobling and delightful remi-
niscences; the young can only learn from it how to attain. in
obedience to the strictest principles of morality, excellence in the
conduct of business."-Lon. Economist.
Freeman, George. Exhortation from the sin of
Drunkenness, Lon., 1663, 4to.
Freeman, Goodlove. The Downfall of the Bailiffs;
or, a Lash for Burns, Lon., 1675, 4to.
Freeman, Harriet Augusta. Astræa's Return;
or, the Halcyon Days of France, in the year 2440. From
the French of Mercier, 12mo.
Freeman, Ireneus. The Reasonableness of Divine
Service, Lon, 1661, 4to.
Freeman, J. J. 1. Tour in South Africa, Lon., 1851,
And see Westin. Rev.; Oxf. Univ. Herald; Bell's Life, &c.
Freeman, Edward A. 1. Church Restoration, Lon.,
1846, Svo. 2. Hist. of Architecture, 1849, Svo.
12mo.
“
"Every individual interested in the present state of affairs in
Southern Africa should, without delay, possess this book.”
2. J. J. F. and D. John's Narrative of Persecutions at
Madagascar, 1840, 12mo.
Serms.
Freeman, James, 1759-1835, of Boston.
and Charges, 1832, 12mo. Severely criticized in Robert
Southey's Letter to the Lord Bishop of Limerick, March 6,
1833.
Freeman, John. The Comforter, Lon., 1591, 1600,
16mo.
Freeman, John. Serm., &c., 1812, '13.
Freeman, John D. Reports in Sup. Ct. of Chancery
State of Mississip., Cin., 1844, Svo.
Freeman, Joseph Elisha.
1. Faith Triumphant;
or, the World Overcome, Lon. 2. Heaven Anticipated.
New ed., 1853, 18mo. 3. Heaven Unveiled, 18mo. 4. Hea-
ven Entered, 1837, 18mo. 5. Israel's Return, or Palestine
Regained, 1840, 12mo.
"(
'It gave me much pleasure to read Israel's Return. It accords,
in general, with my own published sentiments on this subject,
and it is written in a Christian and practical spirit."-Rev. E.
BICKERSTETH.
Freeland, W. H. Poems, Lon., 1848, p. Svo.
"Its pages abound with evidences of graceful and tender
thought, scholarly accomplishment, and poetic fancy.”~Ch. of |
Eng. Quar. Rev.
"Has many valuable thoughts."-Same, in Christian Student.
Freeman, Joshua. Lett. to the Clergy, Lon.,1722,8vo.
Freeman, Josiah Bumstead, b. 1826, at Boston.
Trans. and editor of Ricord's work on the V. Disense; Con-
tributor to the N. York Med. Times, Virginia Surg. and
Med. Jour., and other medical periodicals.
Freeman, Kennet. Repertorium Juridicum; or,
an Index to all the Cases in the Year Books, Entries, Re-
ports and Abridgts. in Law and Equity; also an Alpha-
bet. Table of the Titles referring to the Cases, 1742, fol.
New ed. of Pt. 1st., cont. also what has since been pub.
by T. E. Tomlins of the Inner Temple, 1786, '87, fol.
Freeman, Lyon. The Commonwealth's Catechism,
Lon., 1659, 12mo.
Freeman, R. The merits of the Craftsman consi-
dered, Lon., 1734, Svo.
Freeman, Richard, Lord-Chancellor of Ireland,
temp. Queen Anne. 1. Reports K. B., C. P., 1670-1704,
Lon., 1742, fol.; 2d ed., by Edward Smirke, 1826, 8vo.
2. Cases in Ch. and Ex., 1660-1706, 1742, fol.; 2d ed., by
J. E. Hovenden, 1823, Svo. Freeman's cases were for-
merly neglected; they are now more esteemed.
"Some of the cases in Freeman are very well reported."-LORU
MANSFIELD.
"Freeman's notes are generally good.”—LORD Loughborough.
See Wallace's Reporters, 50; Marvin's Leg. Bibl. 323.
Freeman, S. Medical Works, 1776-89.
Medicine of the Ancient Magi, Lon., 1781,
Freeman, S., M.D. Address rel. to the Universal
Svo.
Freeman, S. Brit. Plants, No. 1, 1797, fol.
Freeman, Samuel, D.D., Dean of Peterborough,
Serms. and Discourses. 1643-1700.
Freeman, Samuel, 1743-1831, of Portland, Maine;
Judge of Probate 1. Town Officer. New ed., Bost., 1808,
12mo. 2. The Massachusetts Justice; 2d ed., 1802, Svo.
3. Probate Directory, 1803, 12mo. 4. Amer. Clerk's Mag.,
3. Probate Directory, 1803, 12mo.
6th ed., 1805.
Freeman, Stephen. Serm.. 1790, 8vo.
"It must be admitted that he has produced a treatise possessing
the merit of very systematic arrangement, and written in a fluent
and attractive style."-Lon. Archæol. Jour.
Freeman, Stric. 1. Art of Horsemanship, 1806, 4to.
2. The Horse's Foot, 1796, 4to. New ed., 4to.
Freeman, Theop. To the Quakers, 1803.
Freeman, Thomas, a native of Gloucestershire,
entered Magdalen Coll., Oxf., 1607, aged about 16.
and a Great Cast; and Runne and a Great Cast.
Second Bowl. In 200 Epigrams.
|
3. Architect. Antiq. of Gower, 1850, 8vo; 2d ed., 1851,
8vo. 4. Window Tracery in Eng., 1850, 8vo; 2d ed., 1851,
Svo. 5. Architect. of Llandaff Cathedral, 1850, 8vo. 6.
"He was held in esteem by Sam. Daniel, Owen, the Epigram-
matist, Dr. John Donn, Shakspeare, George Chapman, Tho. Hey.
Rub
The
•
636
FRE
FRE
wood, the playmaker, and others. To some of whose judgments | 12mo. Upwards of 50,000 copies of this work were sold as
he submitted his two books of epigrams."-Alhen, Ozon,
Freeman's Epigrams are so extremely rare, that except a copy
in the late Mr. Brand's collection, [sold for £4 12s..] and that in
the Bodleian. I know not where to refer for one. On this account
I have ventured to give the following extracts.”—DR. BLISS: in
his ed. of Athen. Ozım. q. v.
soon as issued. Narrative of the Exploring Expedition to
the Rocky Mountains in 1842, and to Oregon and North
California in 1843-44; reprinted from the Official Report
ordered to be pub. by the U. States Senate, N.Y., 1846,
8vo. Exploring Expedition through the Rocky Moun-
tains, Oregon, and California, Buffalo and N.Y., 12mo.
See EMORY, W. H. Frémont's and Emory's Accounts
were pub. in London, 1849, fp. 8vo. Will be pub., Phila.,
1859, 2 vols. 8vo, Col. J. C. Frémont's Explorations;
prepared by the Author, and embracing all his Expedi-
tions, superbly illustrated with steel plates and woodcuts,
engraved under the immediate superintendence of Col.
Frémont, mostly from daguerreotypes taken on the spot,
containing a new steel portrait of the author.
"The illustrations had the special attention of Hamilton, Darley,
Schuessele, Dallas, Kern, and Wallin, comprising masterpieces of
highest style of the art, under the supervision of J. M. Butler.
each of these distinguished artists, and were engraved in the
highest style of the art, under the supervision of J. M. Butler.
This work was prepared with great care by Col. J. C. Frémont,
and contains a résumé of the first and second expeditions in the
years 1842, 43, and 44. and a detailed account of the third expedi
tion during the years 1845, 46, and '47, across the Rocky Moun
tains through Oregon into California, covering the conquest and
the Kansas and Arkansas Rivers into the Rocky Mountains of
settlement of that country; the fourth expedition, of 1848-49, up
Mexico, down the Del Norte, through Sonora into California; the
fifth expedition. of 1853 and 54. across the Rocky Mountains at
the heads of the Arkansas and Colorado Rivers, through the Mor-
mon settlements and the Great Basin into California,-the whole
Freer,Adam, M.D. Ring Worm; in Ann.of Med., 1800.
Freer, George, surgeon. Aneurism, Birm., 1807, 4to.
Freese, J. H. Commer. Class-Book, Lon., 1849, 8vo.
"An admirable commercial instruction-book."-Glasgow Citizen.
Freeston, J. H. Socinianism, Cov., 1812. Svo.
Freher, Philip. Peace of the Church, 1646, 4to.
Freind, John, M.D., 1675-1728, a native of Croton,
Northamptonshire, educated at Christ Church, Oxford,
was a distinguished classical scholar, and concerned in the
publication of several Greek and Latin authors. His prin-
cipal professional work is The History of Physic, from the
time of Galen to the beginning of the 16th century, Lon.
Pts. 1 and 2, 1725, 26, 8vo; 1727, 2 vols. 8vo; 1758,
2 vols. Svo. In Latin, by J. Wigan. 1734, Svo. In
French, by Pomet, Leyd., 1727, 8vo. It was censured by
Sir Clifton Wintringham in an anonymous tract. Observa-
tions on Dr. Freind's Hist. of Physic, 1726; and by John
Le Clerc in the Bibliothèque Ancienne et Moderne. Its
character, however, stands very high. A Defence of Dr. |
Freind's Hist. of Physic was pub. 1727, '28, Svo. A col-
lective ed. of his Latin Works-Opera Omnia Medica-
was pub. by Dr. Wigan in 1733, fol.; Paris, 1735, 4to;
Leyd., 1734, and in 1750, 3 vols. 8vo. Wigan included in his
Fremont, Philip Richard. 1. Defence of his in-
edit. of Freind's Works his trans. into Latin of Freind's tended publication on the knowledge of Human Bodies,
Hist. of Physic. Freind had a controversy with Dr. Wood-Lon, 1722, 4to. 2. Supplice à Sa Majesté Louis XV.,
ward in consequence of his (Freind's) pub. of Hippocrates
de Morbis Popularibus, and on the subject of the fever in
the small-pox. We have already referred to Freind in
our articles on ALSOP, ANTHONY; BENTLEY, RICHARD;
BOYLE, CHARLES.
embracing a period of ten years passed among the wilds of America.
"The résumé of the first and second expeditions was prepared by
George S. Hillard. Esq., whose acknowledged position as one of the
most accomplished writers of America is a sure guarantee that it
is ably executed.
+
able articles from Professor Torrey on Botany, Blake on Geology,
The scientific portion of the work is very complete, containing
Cassin on Ornithology. Hubbard on Astronomy. &c., illustrated
and compiled from material furnished by the author.
..
The greatest possible care was taken to insure the accuracy of
the maps, which fully illustrate all the above-named expeditions.
bydrographers, Messrs. E. & G. W. Blunt, of New York."
They were engraved under the superintendence of the well-known
1754, fol.
Freeman, W. Agst. Calvinism, 1765, 8vo.
Freeman, W. Fancy, or the Effusions of the Heart;
Poems, 1812, 8vo.
Freeman, Wm. Agst. Col. Codrington, 1702, 4to.
Freeman, Wm. Serm., 1730, 4to.
Freeman, Wm. Of a Woman who had a Stone under
her Tongue; Phil. Trans., 1794.
Freemantle, W. R. 1. Serm., Godalming, 1838,
12mo. 2. Address to the Bishop of Lincoln, on the State
of the Eastern Churches.
"His writings were admired, and the notions he advanced ap
plauded, by the greatest men in the profession throughout Europe,
such as Hoffman. in Germany; Helvetius and Hecquet in France;
and Boerhaave in Holland: which abundantly demonstrates his
abilities in his profession.”—Biography in Bing. Brit., 9. v.
"As to Freind. I have known him long, and cannot be without
some partiality for him, since he was of Christ Church. He has
excellent parts, is a thorough scholar, and I am told is very able
in his profession."-LORD BOLINGBROKE: Letters by Parke.
Freind, Robert, D.D., 1667-1751, of Westminster,
brother of the preceding, was also engaged in the famous
war about the Epistles of Phalaris. See BENTLEY, RICHARD.
He wrote some Latin and English poetry, for which see
Nichols's Collection. He also pub. a serm. preached be-
fore the House of Commons, 1711, Svo, and Cicero's Orator,
1724. Freind was a celebrated writer of Latin epitaphs.
See Memoirs of Freind in Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
Freind, Wm., D.D., Preb. of Westminster and Dean
of Canterbury, son of the preceding. Serm., Lon., 1755,
4to. Concio ad Clerum, 1761, 4to.
Freize, James. Levellers Vindic., 1649, 4to.
Freke, Freak, or Freake, Edmund, Bishop of
Rochester. St. Augustine's Introduc. to the Louc of God,
Lon.. 1574, '81, Svo. See FLETCHER, Robert.
Freke, John. 1. Electricity, Lon., 1746, 8vo. 2. Fire,
1748, Svo. 3. Earthquakes, 1756, Svo. Med. con. to Phil.
Trans., 1740.
Freke, Thomas. Serms., 1704-16.
Freke, Wm. Select Essays, Lon., 1693, Svo.
Freligh, Martin, M.D. Homeopathic Practice of
Medicine, N. York, 12mo.
Frémont, John Charles, the "Pathfinder of the
Rocky Mountains," b. in Savannah, Ga., 1813, has greatly
distinguished himself by his bravery, energy, and perse-
verance in extensive explorations which "have opened to
America the gates of her Pacific empire." He was a can-
didate for the Presidency of the United States in 1856; and,
though not
An interes elected, he received a large vote, (1,341,812.)
An interesting biographical notice of Col. Frémont will be
found in the Men of the Time, N.Y., 1852, and one in the
Gallery of Illust. Americans, N.Y., fol. Also see Life by
J. Bigelow, ed. N.Y. Evening Post, N.Y., 1856, 12mo.
Life and Explorations, by C. W. Upham, Bost., 1856,
French, Surgeon to the Infirmary of St. James's,
Westminster. The Nature of Cholera Investigated, Lon.,Svo.
This is one of the best treatises on cholera which we have
lately read. His theory of the nature of cholera is ingenious, and
is argued with acuteness."-Lon. Med. Times and Guz.
·
French, Benjamin Franklin, b. at Richmond, Va.,
June 8, 1799. One of the founders of the New Orleans
Fisk Free Library. 1. Biographia Americana, Svo, N. Y.,
1825. 2. Memoirs of Eminent Female Writers, 18mo,
Phila., 1827. 3. Beauties of Byron, Scott, and Moore,
2 vols. 18mo, Phila., 1828. 4. Historical Collections of
Louisiana, 5 vols. Svo, N. Y., 1846-53.
"These volumes contain translations of Memoirs, Journals, and
valuable documents, relating to the early history of Louisiana; to
which have been added nuinerous Historical and Biographical
notes, giving a full account of the early explorations and settle
ment of that State."
Two additional vols., bringing the annals of Louisiana
down to the date of its cession to the United States, are
now (1858) nearly ready for publication. We may soon
expect from Mr. French two vols. of Historical Annals re-
lating to the History of N. America, 1492-1850. 6. Hist. and
Progress of the Iron Trade of U. States, 1621-1857, Svo, 1858.
French, Daniel. The Henriade of Voltaire, 1807, Sro.
French, Daniel, Barrister-at-Law. 1. Protestant
Discussion between D. F. and the Rev. John Cumming,
D.D., held at Hammersmith in April and May, 1839. 2.
Hymnus dies iræ, in linguam Græcam conversus, 1842, Svo.
French, David, a son of Col. John French, of Dela-
ware, was the author of six poetical translations from the
Greek and Latin, written between 1720-30, and inserted
in John Parke's Lyric Works of Horace, &c., Phila., 1786,
Svo. See Fisher's Early Poets and Poetry of Pennsyl-
vania; Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. i. 116, 305–308.
French, G. Advice rel. to the V. Disease, 1776, 12mo.
French, George. 1. Hist. of Col. Parke's Adminis-
tration in the Leeward Islands, Lon., 1717, Svo. 2. An-
swer to A Lett. to G. French, 1719, Svo.
French, G. J. 1. Practical Remarks on Church Fur-
niture, Lon., 1844, fp. 8vo. 2. The Tippets of the Canons
Ecclesiastical. 1850, Svo.
French, George Russell. 1. Genealog, and Biog.
Hist. of Eng. Lon., p. Svo. 2. Ancestry of Victoria and
Albert, 1841, p. Svo. 3. Royal Descent of Nelson and
Wellington, 1853, p. Svo.
French, James Bogle. Experiments on mixing
Oils, &c.; Med. Obs. and Inq., 1765.
637
FRE
FRE
French, John, M.D., 1616-1657, educated at New- | between 1797-1815, was pub. in New York in 2 vols. For
Iun-hall, Oxf., served as physician to the Parliamentary further particulars respecting this patriotic poet, we must
forces. 1. Art of Distillation, Lon., 1641, '51, 4to. For-
For refer the reader to the source for which wo are indebted
merly much esteemed. Pub. with-2. The London Dis- to the above facts-Griswold's Poets and Poetry of Ame-
tiller, 1653, '67, 4to. 3. The Yorkshire Spaw, 1652, 54, rica, 16th ed., Phila., 1855, and to Duyckincks' Cyclo-
The
pædia of American Literature, New York, 1856.
12mo; Halifax, 1760, 12mo.
Reminiscences of Freneau by Dr. John W. Francis, in the
valuable work last cited, possess peculiar interest.
"A learned and ingenious treatise."-Ep. Nicolson's Eng. Hist.
Lib.. 22.
<.
French, Jonathan, 1740-1809, minister of Andover,
Mass. Serms., 1777-1805.
The productions of his pen animated his countrymen in the
darkest days of '76, and the effusions of his muse cheered the de-
sponding soldier as he fought the battles of freedom."-Monmouth
Inquirer, 1832.
Dr. Francis of N. York remarks, in relating his remi-
niscences of Freneau :
French, Matthew. Answer to Boyse's Serm., 1709.
French, Nicholas, R. Catholic Bishop of Ferns.
1. The Vnkinde Desertor of loyall Men and true Friends,
Paris, 1676. Towneley, Pt. 1, 697, £31 10s.
"This satirical work throws great light upon the rebellion in
Ireland, and particularly on the conduct of Glamorgan and Or-
mond.”—Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
2. Bleeding Iphigenia, 1674, 8vo.
"This incendiary wrote the Bleeding Iphigenia; wherein he
avowedly justifies every step made in that trayterous enterprize,
[the Irish Rebellion of 1641."]-Bp. Nicolson's Irish Hist. Lib., 21,
22. See BELing, Richard.
Unkinde Deserter of Loyall Men and True Friends,
Bleeding Iphigenia, Settlement and Sale of Ireland, &c.,
accurately reprinted, Lon., 1846, 2 vols. 12mo.
French, Rev. R. N. Verses, Lon., 180S, Svo.
French, Wm. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1782, '92.
French, Wm., D.D., d. 1849, in his 63d year, was
educated at Caius Coll., Camb.; Master of Jesus Coll.,
1820; Canon of Ely, 1832. 1. New Trans. of the Proverbs
of Solomon, with Notes by W. F. and George Skinner,
Lon., 1831, Svo. By the same authors, 2. New Trans. of
the Book of Psalms, with Notes, Camb., 1830, Svo. New
ed., Lon., 1842, 8vo.
"The Notes are particularly valuable for pointing out the poeti-
cal beauties of the Psalms."
This trans. was attacked by a critic in the London Re-
cord newspaper.
See a Review in Brit. Crit., ix. 404.
Frend, H. T., and T. H. Ware. Precedents of
Conveyances, &c., Lon.,.1846, 8vo.
Frend, Wm., 1757-1841, in 1787 resigned the living
of Madingley, Cambridgeshire, in consequence of having
adopted Socinian views. He pub. a number of works on
theology, astronomy, political economy, &c. His Evening
Amusements on the Beauty of the Heavens Displayed was
pub. annually from 1804-22.
Frende, Gabriel, practitioner in Astrology and
Physic, pub. Almanacks and Prognostications annually,
1592, &c.
Freneau, Peter, d. 1813, long resident in Charleston,
South Carolina, was a brother of Philip Freneau. In 1795 he
became editor and proprietor of the (Charleston) City Ga-
zette, and contributed to it many articles of great literary
merit. He was versed in the ancient and modern lan-
guages, and possessed a wide range of general knowledge.
An interesting biographical account of Mr. Freneau, from
the pen of Dr. Joseph Johnson of Charleston, will be found
in Duyckinêks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
Freneau, Philip, 1752-1832, a native of New York,
descended of a French Protestant family, entered Nassau
Hall, Princeton, New Jersey, in 1767, and graduated in
1771. Whilst residing in New York, in 1774 or 1775, he
commenced writing those poetical satires on the royalists
and their cause which have transmitted his name to pos-
terity. In 1776 he visited the Danish West Indies, where
he wrote two of his principal poems, The House of Night,
and The Beauties of Santa Cruz. Two years later he was
at Bermuda. In 1779 he was engaged in editorial labours
in Philadelphia, having the superintendence of the United
States Magazine, pub. by Francis Bailey. He subsequently
became a sea-captain, and made many voyages between
1784 and 1789, and 1798 and 1809. In 1797 he com-
menced the publication in New York of The Time Piece
and Literary Companion-a short-lived periodical, and
displayed considerable ability in its literary management.
He was for some time Translating Clerk in the Department
of State under Thomas Jefferson, and editor of the Na-
tional Gazette. The attacks upen General Washington's
administration which appeared in this paper are to be at-
tributed to Jefferson and his clerk, if the latest assertions
of the latter are to be believed. After leading a wander-
ing life, and engaging in many literary undertakings, he
perished in a snow-storm, in his 80th year, Dec. 18, 1832,
near Freehold, New Jersey. In 1786, Mr. Bailey pub. at
Philadelphia the first collection of Freneau's poems, in a
vol. of upwards of 400 pages. A second ed. appeared in
1795, and a third in 1809. A collection of his poems con-
nected with the war of 1812, and other subjects, written
"His story of many of his occasional poems was quite romantic.
I told him what I had heard Jeffrey. the Scotch reviewer, say of
his writings, that the time would arrive when his poetry, like that
of Hudibras, would command a commentator like Grey."-From a
paper read before the Hist. Soc'y of N. York, by Mr. E. A. Duyckinck.
Frere, B. Novels, plays, &c., 1790-1813.
Frere, Charles. Practice of Committees in the II.
of Com. with respect to Private Bills, &c., Westminster,
1846, Svo.
Frere, James Hatley. 1. A Combined View of the
Prophecies of Daniel, Esdras, and St. John, &c., Lon.,
1815, 8vo. New ed., 1826, Svo. 2. Eight Lett. on the
Proph. rel. to the last Times, 1834, Svo. 3. Three Lett.
on the Proph., 1833, Svo. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 959.
4. Doctrine of Confirmation, p. Svo. 5. The Harvest of
the Earth, 1846, 12mo. 6. The Revolution-the Expira-
tion of the Times of the Gentiles, 1848, Svo. 7. Notes on
the Interpretation of the Apocalypse, 1850, Svo; 1852, Svo.
Frere, Rt. Hon. John Hookham, of Roydon Hall,
Norfolk, 1769-1846, who filled several important diploma-
tic posts-the most memorable of which was his ministry
in Spain during the Peninsular War―evinced early in life
the possession of great poetical abilities. His excellent
jeu-d'esprit entitled Prospectus and Specimen of an In-
tended National Work, by Wm. and Robt. Whistlecraft, &c.,
intended to comprise the most interesting. Particulars re-
lating to King Arthur and his Round Table, doubtless
suggested to Lord Byron his disreputable poem of Don
Juan. The merit of the Whistlecraft poem is very great,
and the author could have placed his name among the
most distinguished poets of the age, if his ambition had
been equal to his genius. His translation of the Saxon
poem on the victory of Athelstan at Brunnenburgh, made
by him at a very early age, elicited the following enthusi-
astic commendations from eminent authorities:
"A translation made by a school-boy in the eighteenth century
of this Saxon poem of the tenth century into the English of the
fourteenth century, is a double imitation, unmatched, perhaps. in
literary history, in which the writer gave an earnest of that faculty
of catching the peculiar genius and preserving the characteristic
manner of his original, which, though the specimens of it be too
few, places him alone among English translators.”—Sir James
Mackintosh's Hist. of Eng.
Li
'I have only met, in my researches into these matters, with one
poem which, if it had been produced as ancient, could not have
been detected on internal evidence. It is the War Song upon the
victory at Brunnanburgh, translated from the Anglo-Saxon into
Anglo-Norman, by the Right IIon. John Hookham Frere. See
Ellis's Specimens of English Poetry, vol. i. p. 32. The accomplished
editor tells us, that this very singular poem was intended as an
imitation of the style and language of the fourteenth century, and
was written during the controversy occasioned by the poems attri-
buted to Rowley. Mr. Ellis adds-The reader will probably hear
with some surprise that this singular instance of critical ingenuity
was the composition of an Eton schoolboy."-SIR WALTER SCOTT:
Essay on Imitation of the Ancient Ballads, (written in 1830;) see
Poetical Works.
Some interesting particulars connected with Frere, who
was one of the founders of the London Quar. Rev. and a
contributor to the Etonian and the Anti-Jacobin, will be
found in Lockhart's Life of Sir Walter Scott, and in Lon.
Gent. Mag., March and April, 1846. Frere expressed a
warm admiration of Scott's Sir Tristrem, declaring it to be
"The most interesting work that has yet been published on the
subject of our earlier poets, and, indeed, such a piece of literary
antiquity as no one could have, à priori, supposed to exist."
This eulogy delighted Scott greatly, and he wrote to
Ellis, who had quoted Frere's opinion,
"Frere is so perfect a master of the ancient style of composition,
that I would rather have his suffrage than that of a whole synod
of your vulgar antiquaries.”—Ubi supra; and see Southey's Life
and Corresp., and Miss Mitford's Recollec. of a Lit. Life.
Mr. Frere died at his residence in the Pieta Malta, where
he had lived for a number of years.
Frese, James. 1. England's Perspective Glass, Lon.,
1646, 4to. 2. Com. Law of Eng., 1656, 4to.
Fresselicque, John. 1. Serm., Lon., 1793, 4to.
2. Serm., Gosp., 1794, Svo.
Freston, A. 1. Poems, 1787, Svo. 2. Elegy, Lon.,
1787, 4to. 3. Discourse on the Laws, 1792, 4to. 4. Evi.
038
FRE
FRO
dences for the Divinity of Christ, 1807, 8vo. 5. Serms.,
1809, 8vo.
Freval, John Baptist De. 1. Orationes quædam in
Universitate Oxoniensi, habitæ, Lon., 1743, 8vo. 2. Vin-
dic. of Dr. Frewer, 1743, Svo. This is a vindication of the
Archbishop of York from the alleged misrepresentations
of Dr. Drake, in his Hist. of York.
✦
Frewen, Accepted. La Spectacle de la Nature.
Trans. from Antoine Noël de Pleuch, Lon., 1739, 4 vols. 8vo.
Frewen, John. Two theolog. treatises, 1587, 1621.
Frewen, Thomas, M.D. Profess. works, 1749-80.
Frewin, Richard, and Wm. Sims. Rates of Mer-
chandise, 1782, 8vo. R. F. and N. Jickling: Digested
Abridgt. of the Laws of the Customs, Lon., 1819, Svo.
Frey, Rev. Joseph Samuel C. F., d. 1850, at Pon-
tiac, Michigan, in his 79th year, born of Jewish parents in
Germany, became a Christian when about 25 years of age,
came to the U. States in 1816, was for some time a Pres-
byterian minister in New York, and subsequently became a
Baptist preacher. He laboured both in England and this
country as a missionary of societies established for the con-
version of the Jews. 1. Narrative, Lon., 1809, '12, 12mo.
2. Vanderhooght's Hebrew Bible, Pt. 1, 1811, 8vo. 3. Biblia
3. Biblia
Hebraica. 4. A Hebrew Gram. in the Eng. Lan., Lon., 1813,
8vo. New ed., by George Downes, 1823, Svo; 10th ed.,
1839, Svo.
+
Mr. Frey's mode of teaching the Hebrew is very masterly."-
Lon. Month. Rev.. N. S., lvii. 55.
5. Hebrew Letter and Eng. Dictionary. Pts. 1 and 2, 1816,
Svo, £4 168.; royal paper, £7 48.; 3d ed., 1842, 8vo.
"A book of more promise than performance, and now entirely
superseded by the valuable Lexicon of Gesenius."-Horne's Bibl.
· Bib.
**
The author, at least in regard to Hebrew learning. appears to
have continued a Jew. He is a devoted disciple of the Rabbins,
whom he seems to have considered the only authorities in Hebrew
literature. Little appears in his writings of any acquaintance with
the modern oriental scholars, either of the Continent or Great
Britain. As a large vocabulary, the book may be of some use to a
learner; but it has added nothing to our stock of Hebrew know-
ledge as a dictionary.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
6. Joseph and Benjamin, 2 vols. 12mo. This, the most
popular of his works, is intended to illustrate the points.
of difference between Jews and Christians. 7. Judah and
**
We know of no one work on general maritime jurisprudence,
in the whole bibliotheca legum. that we can more strongly recom-
mend.”—Hoffman's Leg. Stu…, 475; and see p. 471.
Fridegorde, flourished 956, a monk of Dover, wrote
in 956, in heroic verse, the Life of Wilfrid. The old biblio-
graphers also ascribe to him, 1. The Life of St. Audoenus.
2. A Treatise de muliere peccatrice in Evangelio. 3. Hie-
rusalem supra.
4. De Visione Beatorum. 5. Contempla-
tiones variæ. The Life of Wilfrid, which is extant, is a
metrical version of Eddius Stephanus. It will be found in
Mabillon, Acta Sanctorum, &c., Sæculum III., pars prima,
fol., Luteciæ. Paris, 1672, pp. 171-196. Ib.; Sæc. IV., pars
prima, pp. 722-726. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-
Saxon Period.
His Life, and a selection from his Writings, will be found
in vol. i. of The Fathers of the English Church, edited by
the Rev. Legh Richmond, 1807-12, 8 vols. 8vo. We have
already referred to the collection of the works of Wm.
Tyndale, John Frith, and Robert Barnes, (see these names,)
by John Fox, the Martyrologist, 1573, fol. See Fox, Jons.
Frith, Rev. W. C. Parish Registers, 1811, Svo.
Frizell, Rev. W. Expositor and Sunday Family In-
structor, 1512, &c., Svo. This was a periodical.
Frobenius, Dr. Chem. con. to Phil. Trans., 1730.
Frobisher, Sir Martin, d. 1594, an enterprising
navigator and naval hero, was a native of Yorkshire. He
is generally named as the first Englishman who attempted
to find a North-West Passage to China; but Sir Hugh
Israel; or, the Restoration of Christianity, 1837, 12ino.
S. Hebrew Reader, N. York. 9. Hebrew Student's Pocket
Companion. 10. Jewish Intelligencer, vol. i. 11. Pass-
12. Lectures on the Scripture Types, 1841, 2 vols. Willoughby has also been thought entitled to the head of
over.
12mo. See an account of Mr. F. in the N. Y. Internat.
Mag., i. 11.
Frick, Charles, M.D. Renal Affections; their Diag-
nosis and Pathology, Lon., 1850, 12mo.
Frick, George, M.D. Diseases of the Eye, by Well-
bank, Lon., Svo.
Frick, Wm. The Laws of the Sea, with reference to
Maritime Correspondence; trans. from the German of
Frederick J. Jacobsen, (Altona, 1815.) Balt., 1818, Svo.
“Mr. Frick appears to be perfectly competent to his task, both in
learning and diligence; and, so far as he has permitted himself to
appear in the notes, he has acquitted himself in a manner very
creditable to his talents and his acquirements.”—JUDGE Story:
N. A. Rer.. vii. 323–347.
Friend. See FREIND.
Frierson, Henry. Livesey's Victory, 1648, fol.
Frike, Joseph. 1. Guide to Harmony, Lon., 1793,
4to. 2. Treatise on Thorough Bass, 4to.
Fringo, P. Treatise on Phrensy, Lou., 1746, Svo.
Frisbie, Levi, 1748–1806, minister of Ipswich, Mass.,
graduated at Dartmouth College in 1771, laboured for some
time as a missionary among the Delaware Indians west of
the Ohio. Orations and Serms., 1783-1804.
1
Frisbie, Levi, 1784-1822, son of the preceding, gra-
duated at Harvard University in 1798; appointed Latin
tutor in his college, 1805; Prof. of the Latin language,
1811; Prof. of Moral Philosophy, 1817. He was a contri-
butor to The North American Review, The Christian Dis-
ciple, and The Monthly Anthology; and his writings are
!
thought to display talents of no ordinary character. Some
of his philosophical lectures, a number of his poems, and
papers first pub. in periodicals, and a memoir of his life,
were pub. in 1823, Svo, by his friend, Prof. Andrews Norton.
Frith, or Fryth, John, Eurnt at Smithfield, July 4,
1533, was the son of an inn-keeper at Sevenoaks, in Kent.
He studied both at Oxford and Cambridge, and was early
distinguished for his proficiency in learning. His advocacy
of the doctrines of the Reformation caused him to be sent
to the Tower by Sir Thomas More, then Lord-Chancellor,
with whom he held a personal controversy, without any
change being effected in the opinions of either disputant.
Remaining firm to his convictions, it occurred to his oppo-
nents that, if they could not out-argue him, they could burn
him, and this charitable settlement of the matter was not
delayed. He pub. A Disputacion of Purgatorye, and some
other theolog. treatises: see vol. viii.-containing the writ-
ings of Tyndale, Frith, and Barnes-of the British Reform-
ers, Lon. Tract Soc., 12 vols. 12mo; vol. iii. of The Works of
the Eng. and Scot. Reformers, edited by Thomas Russell,
1828, 3 vols. 8vo. These three vols., all that have been
pub. of this series, contain: Tyndale's Prologues to the
Books of Moses and Book of Jonas; Parable of the Wicked
Mammon; Obedience of a Christian Man; Practice of Pre-
lates; Answer to More's Dialogue; Exposition of chap. v.,
vi., vii., of Matthew, and of the First Epistle of John; Path-
way to Scripture; On the Sacraments; Frith's Life and Mar-
tyrdom; On Purgatory: Bulwark against Rastell; Judg-
ment on Tracy's Testament; Letter from the Tower; a
Mirror; On Baptism; Christ and the Pope; Articles; the
Eucharist; Epistle.
•
the list. See BEST, GEORGE: FRANKLIN, SIR JOHN; SET-
TLE, DIONYSE, in the present vol. Frobisher's three voy-
ages, 1576, 77, '78, will be found in Pinkerton's Collection
of Voyages and Travels, vol. xii.; a life of Frobisher in
the Biog. Brit., and some remarks on the errors in the
original map of his Voyages, will be found in Pennant's
Introduc. to Arctic Zoology.
Frokelewe, John De. Annales Edwardi II., Hen-
rici de Blaneforde Chronica. Et Edwardi II., Vita, &c.,
Edit. à Thom. Hearne, Oxf., 1729, Syo.
Frome, John Sibree. Serm., 1813.
Frome, Samuel Blake. 1. The Songs in the Opera
of Sketches from Life. Lon., 1809,8vo. 2. Poems, 1813,12mo.
Fromento, John F. French Verbs, Lon., 1796, 4to.
Frommenius, Andrew. Synopsis Metaphysica,
Oxon., 1669, Svo.
Fromondus Libertus. Meteorologica, Lon.,1670,8vo.
Frost, B., of Glamsforth. Serm.. 1741, Svo.
Frost, Charles. Witnesses in Civil Actions, 1815, Svo.
Frost, Charles. Notices relative to the Early Ilis-
tory of the Town and Port of Hull. 1827, 4to.
"It will, we hope, he inferred from what we have said of Mr.
Frost's work. that we appreciate the labour and research which it
displays."-Lon. Retrosp. Ler.. N. S.. 1827, i. 194–204.
Those who are interested in Hull should read Frost's
book, and the review from which we have quoted.
Frost, J. Scientific Swimming, Lon., 1816, demy Svo.
&
If we had no other motive than that kind of anticipation of
possible utility, which the thoughtful will ever connect with the
art of swimming. we should incline to commend Mr. Frost's per-
formance. But his precepts deserve attention for other causes
also. The plates are a considerable advantage to the work.”—Lon.
Literary Panorama. July. 1816. See also Critical Review of the
same month, and Monthly Review, May, 1817.
Frost, John, Fellow of St. John's Coll., Camb., sub-
sequently pastor of the Church at St. Olave's, Hart St.,
London. Select Serms., Camb., 1658, fol. Prefixed is a
portrait of the author by Vaughan.
Frost, John. Remarks on the Mustard-Tree men-
tioned in the N. Test., Lon., 1827, Svo.
Frost, John, b. in Kennebunk, Maine, in 1800, en-
tered Bowdoin College, 1818; passed to Harvard College,
Cambridge, 1819; graduated at Harvard, 1822; appointed
639
FRO
FRY
Head Master of Mayhew School, Boston, 1823. Removed
to Phila., 1829; conducted a private school for young
ladies till 1838, when he was appointed Professor of Belles-
Lettres in the Central High School, which situation he
resigned in 1845. Since then he has been engaged in
compiling books for popular use. He has published a
great number of works, chiefly school and juvenile books,
and historical and biographical compilations, intended for
distribution by subscription agents. The Pictorial History
of the United States, 3 vols. Svo, seems to have been popu-
lar, as upwards of 50,000 copies have been sold. The Pic-
torial History of the World, 3 vols. 8vo, has also had a wide
circulation. Among the numerous titles of Dr. Frost's books
are Lives of American Generals, and Lives of the Ame-
rican Naval Commanders, Book of the Army, Book of
the Navy, and many others illustrating American History.
Frost, Quintin. The Harper, and other Poems, Lon.,
1806, Svo.
Frost, Richard, d. 1778, aged 78, a Dissenting mi-
nister of Great Yarmouth, Norfolk. Serms., 1729-52.
Frothingham, Nathaniel Langdon, D.D., b.
1793, at Boston, Mass., graduated at Harvard in 1811, was
at the age of nineteen appointed instructor in Rhetoric and
Oratory in the college, (the first incumbent of the office,)
and in 1815 became pastor of the First Congregational
Church in Boston. Dr. F. retained this post for the long
term of 35 years, resigning in 1850, in consequence of ilì-
health. 1. Deism, or Christianity, in four discourses,
Boston, 1845. 2. Serms. in the order of a Twelvemonth,
1852, 8vo. 3. Metrical Pieces, translated and original,
1855, 16mo, highly commended. Dr. F. has also pub.
about fifty occasional serms, and addresses. His principal
poem is a version of The Phenomena or Appearances of
the Stars, from the Greek of Aratus. His translations from
the German have elicited warm commendations from those
best qualified to judge of them.
"A singular grace of expression and refinement pervades the
prose writings of Dr. Frothingham, and his poetry is also marked
by exquisite finish and tasteful elegance. His works are among
the best models of composition which contemporary New England
scholars will present to posterity."-Griswoldt's Ports and Poetry
of America, 10th ed., 1855, q. v.
Frothingham, Richard, Jr. Hist. of the Siege of
Boston, and of the Battles of Lexington, Concord, and
Bunker Hill. Also an Account of the Bunker Hill Monu-
ment, with Illustrative Documents. Embellished with 16
Maps and Engravings, Boston, 1849, 8vo; 2d ed., 1851, Svo.
The accurate and judicious historian of Charlestown, Mr.
Richard Frothingham, Jr."-Edward Everett's Orations and
Speeches, 3d ed., i. 183.
•
"In my judgment the Siege of Boston excels any that has ap-
peared on insulated points of our history. It is the best of our
historic monographs that I have seen. Its author has been patient
in research, and very successful; has been most impartial; has
brought to excellent materials a sound and healthy judgment;
and, after finishing all this, his work is pervaded with a modesty
whib lends a new charm to its merit."-GEORGE BANCROFT, the
Historian of the United States.
Froude, James Anthony, Fellow of Exeter Coll.,
Oxford. 1. Shadows of the Clouds, Lon., 1847, 8vo.
"Mr. Froude is no common writer: his style is vivid and em-
phatic; he touches some of the most secret springs of the heart's
passions; he enchains our sympathies."—John Bull.
2. The Nemesis of Faith; 2d ed., 1849, p. 8vo: see re-
views in Fraser's Mag., xxxix. 445; Bost. Chris. Exam.,
(by S. Osgood,) xlvii. 93. 3. The Book of Job, 1854, p. 8vo. |
4. Hist. of Eng. : vols. i., ii., 1856; 2d ed., 1858; iii., iv., 1858. |
Froude, Richard Hurrell, 1803-1836, entered
Oriel Coll., Oxf., 1821; elected Fellow, 1826; Tutor, 1827-
30; ordained deacon, 1828; priest, 1829. Remains,
Lon., 1838-39, 4 vols. 8vo. The publication of these
vols., which are of the Oxford Tract School, elicited a warm
controversy.
"The publication of Froude's Remains is likely to do more harm
than is capable of doing. The Oxford School has acted most
unwisely in giving its sanction to such a deplorable example of
mistaken zeal."-KOBERT SOUTHEY: Letter to Rev. John Miller, July
21.1838.
"Mr. Froude, or rather his editors, appear to have fallen into
the error of supposing that his profession gave him not merely the
right to admonish, but the privilege to scold. . . . A good and
able man, a ripe scholar, and a devout Christian."-SIR JAS. STE-
PHEN: the lives of Whitfield and Froude, in Edin. Rev., 1838.
Frowde, Capt. Neville, of Cork. His Life, Extra-
ordinary Adventures, Voyages, and Surprising Escapes,
Lon., 1708, Svo.
Frowde, Philip, d. 1738, an English poet, was edu-
cated at Oxford, where he formed a friendship with Joseph
Addison, who took pains to introduce him to those whose
good will would be likely to profit him, and pub. some of
his Latin poems in the Musa Anglicana. He wrote two
tragedies:—1. The Fall of Saguntum, 1727, 8vo; 2. Phi-
lotas; both unsuccessful in representation, yet not without
literary merit.
"Mr. Frowde's tragedies have more poetry than pathos, more
beauties of language to please in the closet, than strokes of inci-
dent and action to strike and astonish in the theatre; and conse
quently they might force a due applause from the reading, at the
same time that they might appear very heavy, and even iusipid,
in the representation."-Biog. Dramat., q. v.
Froysell, Thomas, d. 1672. 1. Serm., 1651, 4to.
2. Serms., 1658, Svo. 3. Serm., Lon., 1658, 12mo. 4. Serms.
conc. Grace and Temptation; with an Account of his Life
by R. Steel, 1678, Svo.
“A divine of extraordinary worth, Moderation, Blameless Living,
and an excellent preacher, of Clun, Shropshire.”—Palmer's Non-
conformists, vol. ii.
Fry, Alfred A. 1. Case of the Canadian Prisoners,
with an Introduc. on the Habeas Corpus, Lon., 1839, Svo.
2. Genl. Highways Act, with Notes, 1843, 12mo. 3. Do.,
with Surveyor's Guide, 12mo. 4. Stat. rel. to Parishes,
1844, 18mo.
Fry, Anne. The Voice of Truth; or, Proofs of the
Divine Origin of Scripture, 1807, 12mo.
Fry, Caroline. Hist. of Eng. in Verse, 1802, 12mo.
Fry, Caroline. See WILSON.
Fry, D. P. 1. Local Taxes of the United Kingdom,
Lon., 1846. r. Svo. 2. Poor Law Acts of 1851. Introduc.
Notes and Index, 1851, 12mo.
Fry, Edmund, M.D. 1. Spec. of Printing Types,
Lon., 1755, '98, Svo. 2. Pantographia; copies of all the
known Alphabets, &c., 1798, r. Svo.
The specimens of characters. in this interesting and laborious
work are executed with great neatness."— Wall's Bibl. Brit.
Fry, Mrs. Elizabeth, 1780-1845, one of the most
eminent of modern philanthropists, a sister of Joseph John
Gurney, equally well known for public and private use-
fulness, was a native of Norwich, England. In 1800 she
was married to Mr. Fry, and became the mother of a large
family. For an account of her abundant labours" in
prisons and among the captives of ignorance, we must
refer to the Memoirs of her which have been given to the
world.
Prisoners, Texts for every Day in the Year; new ed., Lon.,
Mrs. Fry pub. Observations on visiting Female
1850, 64mo, &c. 1. Memoirs, Letters, and Journal, edited
by two of her daughters, 1847, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1848.
"We rise from its perusal with softened yet elevated thoughts.
It is worthy-no mean praise-to take its place upon our shelves
George Fox, the great founder of the society. . . . It is a book to
beside the more rugged but equally kind and catholic journal of
make a kind man's eye sparkle benignantly."-Lon. Examiner.
"A woman of whom her country may justly be proud, and
whose name may well be enrolled among the benefactors of the
human race.”—British Critic.
2. Memoirs of, by Rev. T. Timpson, 1846, 12mo; 2d ed.,
1847; 3d ed., 1853. 3. Life of, compiled from her Journal,
by Susannah Corder, 1853, Svo.
Lady Holland gives us an interesting extract from a
sermon preached by her father, the late Rev. Sydney
Smith, after visiting Newgate with Mrs. Fry:
"Indeed the subject of imprisonment occupied his mind so
much, that during a visit to town, having been much interested
by the account of Mrs. Fry's benevolent exertions in prison, he
requested permission to accompany her to Newgate; and I have
heard him say he never felt more deeply affected or impressed than
by the beautiful spectacle he there witnessed: it made him, he
said, weep like a child. In a sermon he preached shortly after, he
introduced the following passage:
“There is a spectacle which this town now exhibits, that I will
venture to call the most solemn, the most Christian, the most affect
ing, which any human being ever witnessed. To see that holy wo-
man in the midst of the wretched prisoners, to see them all calling
earnestly upon God, soothed by her voice, animated by her look,
clinging to the hem of her garment; and worshipping her as the
only being who has ever loved them, or taught them, or noticed
them, or spoken to them of God! This is the sight which breaks
down the pageant of the world; which tells us that the short hour
of life is passing away, and that we must prepare by some good
deeds to meet God; that it is time to give, to pray, to comfort;
to go, like this blessed woman, and do the work of our heavenly
Saviour, Jesus, among the guilty, among the broken-hearted, and
the sick, and to labour in the deepest and darkest wretchedness
of life.""
Fry, H. P. 1. System of Penal Discipline, Lon., 8vo.
2. Apostolic Succession, 1844, 8vo.
"We regard this work as a great curiosity; it is far the best trea
tise that has come under our notice, from the Tractarian school, on
these very difficult subjects; full of learning and information of
the right kind."-Church of Eng. Quar. Rev.
Life of General Zachary Taylor, by J. R. F. and Robert T.
Fry, J. Reese, a journalist of Philadelphia. The
Conrad, Phila., 12mo.
rect and comprehensive life yet published."-Hunt's Merchant's
"On the whole, we are satisfied that this volume is the most cor
Mag.
Fry, James. Serm., Lon., 1789, 8vo.
Fry, John, M.P. 1. The Accuser Shamed, Lon., 1648.
2. The Clergy in their Colovrs; or, a brief character of
6-10
FRY
FUL
•
them, 1650, 18mo. Both ordered to be burned by the
Sheriffs of London and Middlesex. 3. Divine Beams of
Glorious Light, 1651, 4to.
Fry, John. Marriage between near kindred, Lon.,
1756, '73, 8vo.
Fry, John. Selec. from Thos. Carew's Poet. Works,
with a Life and Notes, Lon., 1810, 8vo. 2. The Legend
of Mary, Queen of Scots, and other Ancient Poems from
MSS. of the 16th Century, 1804, 4to and 8vo.
Fry, John, Rector of Desford, brother of Caroline Fry,
afterwards Mrs. Wilson. 1. Canticles, or Song of Solomon;
a new Trans., Lon., 1811, 8vo; 2d ed., 1825.
"In this publication the author's plan is first to give an accurate
translation of the Song of Solomon. and to show the nature and
design of the book. He has availed himself of the labours of pre-
vious translators, especially Bishop Percy and Dr. J. M. Good; after
the latter of whom he considers the Song of Solomon as a collec
tion of idyls or little poems, which are designed for instruction and
edification in the mysteries of our holy religion. Though the
translator has taken much pains in consulting other writers. bis
work bears ample testimony that he has not servilely followed
them, but has evidently thought for himself."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
2. The Sick Man's Friend, Leicester, 1814, Svo. 3. Pre-
sent for the Convalescent, 12mo. 4. Lect., Explan. and
Prac., on Romans, 1816, 8vo; 1825.
+C
Although the writer of these remarks can by no means agree
with Mr. F. in his doctrinal views, he cheerfully adds that it is
almost impossible to peruse a single lecture without being deeply
impressed with the important practical considerations which are
earnestly urged upon the reader's attention."-HORNE.
"Devotional and practical."-Bickersteth's Christian Student.
5. Lyra Davidis; or, a New Trans. and Expos. of the
Psalms, on the principles of Bishop Horsley, Lon., 1819,
8vo; 2d ed., 1842.
"The love of system or hypothesis is carried to the utmost length.
Mr. Fry is a Hutchinsonian or Horsleyan, to the very core. The
Psalms are not translated, but travestied. The opinion or system
of the translator rather than a version of the Psalms, is constantly
obtruded on us. The utmost violence is often done to the mean-
ing of words, to the construction of sentences, and to the design
of the inspired writer, in order to support a useless and ungrounded
bypothesis. The book contains learning, and is also orthodox: but
is on the whole an indifferent performance.”—Orme's Bibl. Bíb.
"It is subject to the same defects which characterize all those
interpreters of the Book of Psalms who expound them wholly of
the Messiah."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
|
"On the plan of Bp. IIorsley and Mr. Allix, but much farther
extended than Horsley, or perhaps than he justly maintained....
I have found this work throw much light on the Psalms.”—BICK-
ERSTETH.
6. The Second Advent, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo.
"There is scarce a prophecy in the Old Testament concerning
Christ which doth not, in something or other, relate to his second
coming."-SIR ISAAC NEWTON.
"Fry's work on the Second Advent is designed purposely to
bring the prophecies together on this subject, and to illustrate
them."-BICKERSTETH.
"It is generally allowed to be an admirable work."-Lowndes's
Brit. Lib.
7. A Short Hist. of the Christian Church, 1825, Svo. An
excellent work, on the plan of Milner's History.
"In Fry's Ilistory we have in one volume a history of the church
at large; but we yet want, in a single volume, a history of the
church in our country to the present time."-BICKERSTETH.
This want has since been supplied. See BAXTER, JOHN A.
S. A New Trans. and Expos. of the Book of Job, 1827, Svo.
Opposing the rationalists.”—Bickersteth's Christian Student.
9. Observ. on the Unfulfilled Prophecies of Scripture,
1838, Svo.
(6
"A most interesting volume."-Presbyterian Rev.
"Many valuable thoughts in this work."-Bickersteth's Christian
Student.
Fry, John. 1. Cat. of Valuable Old Books, including
several Specimens of Early Printing, Bristol, 1814. 2. Bib-
liographical Memoranda; in Illustration of Early Eng.
Lit., 1816, sm. 4to. Only ninety-nine printed, at £3 13s. 6d.
Some very silly remarks occur on pages 85, 86.
Fry, Richard. Serms., Lon., 1795, 99, Sro.
Fry, Samuel. Serms., Lon., 1745, 56, '59, Svò.
Fry, Rev. Thomas. The Guardian of Public Credit;
a new System of Finance, Lon., 1797, Svo.
Fry, Thomas, Rector of Emberton, Bucks. Funl.
Serm. on Mrs. J. S. Stevens, Camb., 1832, Svo.
Fry, Wm. New Vocabulary of the most difficult
Words in the Eng. Lan., Lon., 1784, 12mo.
Fry, Wm. H. Complete Treat on Artificial Fish-
Breeding, Lou., 1854, p. Svo. We have here the substance
of four French and three English books, and trans. of
French reports on this interesting subject.
"The discovery of artificial fish-culture claims to show how, at
little care and little cost, barren or impoverished streams may be
stocked to an unlimited extent with the rarest and most valuable
breeds of fish, from eggs artificially procured, impregnated, aud
batched."-Extract from Prefuce.
See copious extracts in Boston Living Age, vol. xliv.,
pp. 24-30.
Frye, C. B. Cutting for the Stone, Lon., 1811, 8vo.
Fryer, Henry, Surgeon. Con. to Med. Facts, 1797,
1800; to Trans. Med. and Chir., 1800.
Fryer, John, M.D. New Account of East India and
Persia; being nine years' travels, 1672-81, with cuts,
Lon., 1698, fol.
"Contains many curious particulars respecting the Natural His-
tory and Medicine of these countries."-Bibl. Brit.
Fryth, John. See FRITH.
Fulbeck, or Fulbecke, Wm., b. in Lincoln in 1560,
educated at St. Alban Hall, and Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf.,
removed to Gray's Inn, and became learned in the law.
1. Christian Ethics, Lon., 1587, 8vo. 2. Factions, &c. of
the Romans and Italians, 1600, '01, 4to. 3. A Direction or
Preparatiue to the Study of the Lawe, 1600-20, 8vo. By
T. H. Stirling, 1829, 8vo.
6
"Sir Tho. Egerton, Lord Chancellor, publickly declared on the
bench. That he did never read any book of this subject that bet-
ter pleased him for stile and method.' Hic auribus audivi, T[ho]
S [anderson] Linc. Hosp., 1600."-MS. Note: see Lowndes's Bibl.
Man.
4. A Parallele or Conference of the Civil Law, the Ca-
non Law, and the Common Law of this Realme of Eng-
land. Digested in sundry Dialogues, 1601-02, two parts,
sm. 4to.
"But this book lying dead on the bookseller's hands. he put a
new title to the first part, as if the whole had been reprinted at
London, 1618, but to the second not, leaving the old title bearing
date 1602.”—Athen. Ozon.
5. The Pandects of the Law of Nations, 1602, sm. 4to.
6. Abridgt. of Roman Histories, 1608, 4to.
“A neglected but ingenious writer.”—HARGRAVE, in ciling No. 4.
Fulcher, G. W. 1. Poet. Miscell., Lon., 1842, '53,
32mo. 2. Village Paupers, and other Poems, 2d ed., 1846,
fp. 8vo. New ed., 1853.
"Had Goldsmith lived in these days, he would have written
The Village Paupers; it is Goldsmith Redivivus.”—Hood's Mag.
"There is no exaggeration, no striving at effect, in this quiet
poem. which is much in Crabbe's style: but the unaffected reality
of the thing renders it most heart-rending."-Charlotte Elizabeth's
Christian Lady's Mog.
3. Farmer's Day-Book, 6th ed., 1854, 4to. 4. Ladies
Mem. Book and Poet. Miscell. for 1853, 1852, roan, tuck.
Fulco, Wm. See FULKE.
Fulford, Francis, D.D., formerly Rector of Trow-
bridge, Wilts; Bishop of Montreal, 1850. 1. Plain Serms.
on the Ch. of Eng., Lon., 1837-40, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Pro-
gress of the Reformation in Eng., 1841, 18mo.
Fulford, Wm. See FULWOOD, WM.
Fulham, John. Serm., 1749, Svo.
Fulhame, Mrs. Essay on Combustion, Lon., 1794,8vo.
Fulke. See GREVILLE.
Fulke, Wm., D.D., d. 15S9, an eminent Puritan di-
vine, a native of London, educated at and Fellow (1564)
of St. John's Coll., Camb.; Rector of Warley, Essex, 1571;
soon after Rector of Keddington, Suffolk. He was subse-
quently Master of Pembroke Hall, and Margaret Prof. of
Divinity. 1. A Goodly Gallerye, Lon., 1563, 16mo. With
new title-page, 1571. Refers to meteors. 2. The Philo-
sopher's Game. This is a treatise on Chess. Lowndes
ascribes these two works to another Wm. Fulke. 3. As-
trologorum ludus. Played after the manner of Chess, but
1571. 5. Prælectiones in Apocalypsium, 1573, 4to. In Eng-
with seven pieces representing the seven planets. 4. Serms.,
lish by George Gyffard or Gyfford, 1573, 4to. 6. The Text
of the N. Test., translated out of the Vulgar Latin by the
Papists of the traiterous seminarie at Rheims. Whereunto
is added the translation out of the original Greek, com-
monly used in the Church of England; with a confutation
of all such arguments, glosses, and annotations as contain
manifest impietie, heresy, treason and slander against the
Catholic Church of God, and the true teachers thereof, or
the translations used in the Church of England, 1580,
'89, 1601, fol. And in 1617 and 1633, fol., with a defence
of the English trans. of the Scriptures, against Gregorie
Martin. This last piece was repub. by the Parker Society,
edited by the Rev. C. H. Hartshorne, Camb., 1843, Svo;
and the same society repub. Martiall's Reply, edited by
the Rev. Richard Gibbings, 1848, Svo.
Fulke's Text of the N. Test., &c. is an invaluable as-
sistant to the Protestant divine:
"This work may be said to imbody the whole popish controversy
respecting the Scriptures. And as it gives in parallel columns
the Rhemish translation of the Vulgate, and the Bishops' Transla
tion, it enables the reader to make an easy comparison of their
respective merits. At the end of the volume is an elaborate de-
fence of the English translations of the Scriptures against Gregory
Martin, which contains much curious and learned information.
Fulke was a very able man, and his work is entitled to a place in
every critical library. Mr. [Charles] Butler, though a Catholic,
very candidly recommends it as very curious and deserving of at
tention."--Orme's Bibl. Bib.
4
641
FUL
FUL
We may add that the learned Mr. Butler was dissatisfied |nishes a concise exposition of its leading circumstances, accom-
with the "Douay Bible." He remarks:
panied with a few practical reflections."
"Still the version is imperfect; a more correct version is, per-
haps, at present, the greatest spiritual want of the English
Catholics.
"Those who have Fuller and Bush, with a prayerful mind, have
every aid they can desire in the study of this book."-Lon. Evan-
gel. Mag.
That late elegant scholar and pious divine, the Rev. James
Hervey, (though sometimes rather too candid and indiscriminate
in his public recommendations of books.) passed the following
very just encomium on Dr. Fulke's noble performance: He styles
it a valuable piece of antient controversy and criticism, full of
sound divinity, weighty arguments, and important observations ;'
adding,—' would the young student be taught to discover the very
sinews of popery, and be enabled to give an effectual blow to that
complication of errors, I scarce know a treatise better calculated
for the purpose."—Horne's Bibl. Bib.
See Horne's Introduction for an account of the contro-
versy connected with this version.
"A very complete reply to the Romanists' notes."-Bickersteth's
Chris. Stu.
k
Thomas Cartwright, q. v., also wrote a Confutation of
the Rhemish Translation, &c., 1618, fol. Fulke wrote
several other works, principally against the Church of
Rome.
Fullager, John. 1. Religion. 2. Doctrine, &c., 1801,
12mo.
Fullarton, Col. 1. Agricult. of Ayr, Edin., 1793, 4to.
"One of the best of the Scotch surveys.”—Donaldson's Agricult.
Bing.
2. Lett. on Torture, 1806, 4to.
Fullarton, John. The Turtle-Dove, &c. By a Lover
of the Celestial Muses, Edin., 1664, sm. Svo.
66
Chiefly composed in verse, but of no very elevated character."
—Lowndes's Bibl. Mun.
Marked in a bookseller's cat., about 1834, £5 58.
Fullarton, John. On the Regulation of Currencies,
Lon., 1844, Svo; 2d ed., 1845.
"The volume is one of great merit, and ought to be in the hands
of all who interest themselves in the subject. It is one of the
ablest which the discussions of Sir Robert Peel's Bank Bill have
produced."-Scotsman.
“With the single exception of the 'History of Prices,' no work
has appeared so well calculated to suggest important reflections
and considerations on these subjects, or which will so amply repay
the trouble of a careful perusal."-Lon. Economist.
Fullarton, Wm. 1. English Interests in India and
Military Operations in the Southern part of the Peninsula
in 1782-84, Lon., 1787, Svo. 2. Letter to Lord C., 1801,
Svo. 3. Trinidad, 1804, 4to. 4. Ans. to Picton, 1805, 4to.
Fuller, Andrew, 1754-1815, an eminent Baptist
minister, a native of Wicken, Cambridgeshire, was settled
for a short time at Sobam, and afterwards removed to
Kettering, where he resided until his death. The works
of this excellent man are greatly esteemed. We notice
the principal: 1. The Calvinistical and Socinian Systems
examined and compared as to their Moral Tendency,
1794, 96, 1802, 8vo. Repub. as No. 18 of Ward's Lib. of
Standard Divinity.
“A highly valuable publication for the author's masterly defence
of the doctrines of Christianity, and his acute refutation of the op-
posite errors."-WM. WILBERFORCE, M.P.
"A most valuable work, with much power of reasoning and
unction of spirit."-Bickersteth's Chris. Stu.
2. Socinianism Indefensible. In reply to Toulmin and
Kentish. 3. The Gospel its own Witness, 1799–1800, 8vo.
"Convince him [the infidel] of sin, there is an end of his iufi-
delity, root and branch. . . Fuller in his Gospel its own Witness
has pursued this train of argument, and made the infidel feel the
point of the two-edged sword.”—Bickersteth's Chris. Stu.
4. Memoirs of Rev. S. Pearce, 1800, 8vo.
"This is an interesting piece of biography."-Dr. E. Williams's
Christian Preacher.
5. The Backslider, 1801, 8vo. New ed., with Pref. by
the Rev. J. A. James, 1840, 18mo; 1847, 24mo. 6. View
of Religions, by Hannah Adams, with addits., 1805, Svo.
The 3d Lon. edit., with the improvements of the 4th Amer.
ed., and many new Articles and Corrections throughout,
of Miss Adams's excellent work, was pub. in 1823, 8vo;
edited by T. Williams, with addits. and reflections. 7.
Thornton Abbey; being Religious Letters by Mr. John
Satchell, 1806, 3 vols. 12mo. 8. Dialogues, Letters, and
Essays on various Subjects, 1806, 12mo. 9. Expos. Dis-
courses [58] on Genesis, 1806, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Chiefly intended for family use."-WILLIAMS.
"His discourses are not critical, (for he was mostly a self-taught
man.) but they are shrewd. instructive, and touching. He seizes
the principal points of the passage, and often illustrates them very
happily.-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Much originality of critical remark must not be expected, nor
must the reader be surprised if he often meet with a trite and ob-
vious reflection; but we will venture to promise him, much more
frequently, a manly, judicious, and useful train of observation,
expressed in simple and vigorous language."-Lon. Eclectic Rev.,
O. S. 2d Pt., ii. 896.
"The author of this work has long been known by his ablo
publications on the absurdity of deism, and the immoral tendency
of Socinian tenets."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
10. Serms. on various subjects, 1814, 8vo.
"These sermons are much valued by Baptists."-Lowndes's Bibl.
Man.
11. Expos. Discourses on the Apocalypse, 1815, 8vo.
"There is, however, but little novelty in the work, but little to
gratify the anxious curiosity of the age. or to elucidate the unful
filled and more difficult parts of the Revelation. The general outline
of the prophetic scheme is boldly sketched, and its various ramifi-
cations are marked with that precision which was common to the
writer; but in general there is an extreme of modesty and difi-
dence. with scarcely any attempts to pass the usual boundaries of
thought on these subjects, or any adventurous flight of specula-
tion."-Morris's Memoirs of Mr. Fuller, where see (pp. 250–260) an
abstract of F.'s scheme of the Apocalypse.
"His Genesis is superior to the Apocalypso; for the exposition
of which he had neither sufficient reading nor leisure."—Orme's
Bibl. Bib.
12. The Harmony of Scripture; or, an attempt to recon-
cile various Passages apparently contradictory, 1817, Svo.
Posth.
..
The Harmony contains some judicious observations on fifty-
five passages, written originally for the use of a private friend."
Orme's Bibl. Bib.
In 1815, Svo, Mr. J. W. Morris pub. Memoirs of the Life
and Writings of Andrew Fuller. A memoir by the author's
son, Andrew Gunton Fuller, is prefixed to the complete
edit. of the former's Works, 1831-32, 5 vols. 8vo. There
have been also eds. of his Complete Works, 1838, imp. Svo;
1840, imp. Svo; 1845, imp. 8vo; 1852, imp. Svo; 1853,
imp. Svo. There is also an excellent ed., in 3 vols. 8vo,
pub. by the Baptist Publication Society of Phila., edited
by the Rev. Joseph Belcher, well known as the editor and
author of many valuable works. See the name in this
Dictionary. Principal Works, with a Mem. by his son,
Bohn's Standard Lib., 1852, p. Svo. Reports of his serms.
and a number of his treatises have been repub. from time
to time. We conclude with some testimonies from eminent
authorities to the value of this able writer and truly ex-
emplary man:
፡፡
I am slowly reading Andrew Fuller's works. He was an inte-
resting man; one of the wisest and most moral-minded of his day.
He possessed wonderful strength of mind; and is an instance how
Providence can draw forth instruments from the most unlikely
quarters."-BISHOP JEBB.
thought with Owen, and wrote with the pointed pen of Baxter."
"A biographer of Fuller has justly remarked of him, that he
-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"He was a writer among the Baptists, but of the same good
school of divinity as Scott. With a lively imagination and all the
powers of a masculine mind. he maintains the distinguishing doe-
trines of the gospel, and insists on its practical holiness.”—Bick-
ersteth's Chris. Stu.
"The Rev. Andrew Fuller has been styled by the Americans,
'The Franklin of Theology;' and it is said of him, that all his
writings bear the powerful stamp of a mind which, for native
vigour, original research, logical acumen, profound knowledge of
the human heart, and intimate acquaintance with the Scriptures,¸
has had no rival since the days of President Edwards.”
"Coming on to modern theological writers, I recommend you to
familiarize yourselves with the works of the acute, the philosophi-
cal, the profound, the pious. Jonathan Edwards, and those of
Andrew Fuller. I know nothing like the latter for a beautiful
combination of doctrinal. practical, and experimental religion.”—
Counsels to Students of Theology on leaving College, by John Angell
James.
The same author also remarks:
"Did our students and young ministers. yes, and old ones too,
know the almost inexhaustible mine of truth in his works, not
one that could afford to purchase them would be without them.
They contain the most entire union of sound Calvinistic divinity
of the moderate school. Christian ethics and religious experience,
not even excepting the works of President Edwards, in the Eng·
lish language.
"Fuller was a man whose sagacity enabled him to penetrate to
the depths of every subject he explored; whose conceptions were
so powerful and luminous, that what was recondite and original
appeared familiar; what was intricate. easy and perspicuous in
his hands: equally successful in enforcing the practical, in stating
the theoretical, and in discussing the polemical branches of theo-
logy."-ROBERT HALL.
Fuller, Anne. Novels, 1787-89.
Fuller, Frances A., b. in Monroeville, Ohio, about
1826, has gained some reputation as author of a number
of fugitive pieces in prose and verse. The poem entitled
"A Revery" possesses decided merit.
Fuller, Metta Victoria, younger sister to the pre-
ceding, is better known by the rather fanciful title of
Singing Sibyl." Of her poetical compositions, "Mid-
night" and "The Silent Ship" may be instanced as pieces
of great beauty. 1. Poems of Sentiment, N. York, 12ino.
64
* Judicious, evangelical, and practical.”—Bickersteth's Chris. Stu.
“The author selects a paragraph of convenient length, and fur-2. Fresh Leaves from Western Woods, Buffalo and New
ER
FUL
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York, 1852, 12mo. 3. The Senator's Son; or, The Maine
Law a Last Refuge, Cleveland, 12mo. An excellent
title, conveying an important truth. But why should
not the "Maine Law" be the first safeguard instead of
the "last refuge"? 4. Fashionable Dissipation, Phila.,
1854, 12mo.
Fuller, Francis, d. 1701, aged 64, a Nonconformist
divine, curate of Wirksworth, near Banbury, after 1662,
when he was ejected, preached in various places. 1. Serm.,
Lon., 1696, 4to. 2. Serm., 1700, 12mo. 3. Medicina Gym-
nustica, 1704, 8vo. Many eds. By some ascribed to
Thomas Fuller, M.D.
Fuller, H. W., M.D., Assist. Phys. to St. George's
Hosp., London. Ón Rheumatism, Gout, and Sciatica,
Lon., 1852, 8vo; N. York, 8vo.
"We would particularly recommend a careful perusal of Dr.
Fuller's pages."-Lm. Lancet.
Fuller, Hiram, a native of Plymouth county, Mass.,
publisher and editor of The New York Mirror for fourteen
years, pub. The Groton Letters in 1845, and in 1858 gave
to the world a series of lively letters, entitled Belle Brit-
tan, collected into a volume,-the first edition of which
was exhausted in a few weeks.
Fuller, Ignatius. Three Serms., Lon., 1672, 8vo.
Fuller, J. Views in Ireland, Lon., 1815.
Fuller, John. Serm., 1681, 4to.
Fuller, John. Con. on nat. philos., &c. to Phil.
Trans., 1704, 38.
Fuller, John, M.D. 1. Recov. of the Drowned, Lon.,
1785, 8vo. 2. Hist. of Berwick-upon-Tweed, Edin., 1799,
Svo.
Fuller, John. The Teeth, 3d ed., 1813, Svo.
Fuller, Nicholas, of Gray's Inn. Argument, proving
that Eccles. Commissioners have no power to imprison,
mulet, &c., 1607, '41, '74, 4to.
Fuller, Nicholas, 1557-1622, a native of Southamp-
ton, educated at Hart Hall, Oxf., became Rector of Alling-
ton, Wiltshire, Preb. of Salisbury, and Rector of Bishop-
Waltham, Hampshire. Miscellanea Theologica, lib. iii.,
Heidelb., 1612, Sro. Pub. with a 4th book, Oxon., 1616,
4to; Lon., 1617, 4to. Pub., with 5th and 6th books-Mis-
cellanea Sacra, cum Apologia contra V. cl. Johan Dru-
sium, Lugd. Bat., 1622, 4to. Leyd, 1650, 4to.
"All which Miscellanies are remitted into the ninth vol. of the
Critics, [Critica Sacra.] and scattered and dispersed through the
whole work of M. Pool's Synopsis.”—Athen. Ozım.
The author was one of the best oriental scholars of his time.
The six books of the Miscellanea include a considerable uumber
of curious and important discussions."-Orme's B bl. Bib.
"Drusius, the Belgian critic, grown old. angry, and jealous that
he should be outshined in his own sphere, foully cast some drops
of ink upon him, which the other as fairly wiped off again.".
Fuller's Worthies of Hampshire.
Fuller, Richard, b. 180S, at Beaufort, S. Carolina,
an eminent Baptist minister, was formerly one of the most
prominent lawyers of his native State. He has been in the
ministry for many years, and since 1847 has been con-
nected with the Seventh Baptist Church in Baltimore.
1. Corresp. with Bishop England concerning the Roman
Chancery, Balt., 12mo. 2. Corresp. with Dr. Wayland.
3. Serms. 4. Letters. 5. An Argument on Baptist and
close Communion, Richmond, 1849, 12mo. 6. The Psalmist,
with Supp. by R. F., and J. B. Jeter, Bost., various sizes.
This hymn-book is in general use among the Baptists in
the U. States, and has been introduced into the British
Provinces and London.
:
Fuller, S. Margaret. See OSSOLI, MARCHESA D'.
Fuller, Samuel. 1. Serm., 1682, 4to. 2. Canonica,
1690, 4to.
;
"Perhaps upon the whole it is the best of his works; and cer
tainly displays to better advantage than any, his original and vi-
gorous powers of thinking.
gorous powers of thinking. It consists of two parts-the Holy and
the Profane State; the former proposing examples for our imitation;
and the latter their opposites, for our abhorrence. Each contains
characters of individuals in every department of life, as 'the father,'
husband.'' soldier, and divine; lives of eminent persons as illus-
trative of these characters; and general essays. In his conceptiou
of character he has followed Bishop Earle and Sir Thomas Over-
bury, but his manner of writing is essentially different.”—Lon.
Retrosp. Rev., 1821. iii. 55.
The Holy State contains-Lives of Monica, Abraham,
Eliezer, Lady Paula, Hildegardis, Paracelsus, Dr.Whitaker,
Julius Scaliger, Perkins, Dr. Metcalf, Sir Francis Drake,
Camden, Haman, Cardinal Wolsey, C. Brandon, Duke of
Brandon, Lord Burleigh, Sir John Markham, St. Augustin,
Fuller had never even seen the books of Drusius.
"Nicholas Fuller, the most admired critic of his time."-Athen. Bishop Ridley, Lady Jane Grey, Queen Elizabeth, Gusta-
vus Adolphus, Edward the Black Prince.
Ozon. See Bliss's ed. for a notice of some other works of this
author.
loyalty and the love of pertinent illustration which is ob-
servable in his works. To the great indignation of the
Parliamentarians, he gave out his text, "Yea, let him take
all, so that my lord the king return in peace."
This sermon was published, and brought the good
preacher into disrepute with those whose purposes would
not have been furthered by
not have been furthered by "bringing the king again in
peace.
peace." Nothing daunted, when the Royalists took up
carnal weapons" to defend their sovereign, Fuller joined
the army as chaplain, and, not content with praying for
the success of his soldiers, he so excited their courage by
his exhortations, that Sir William Waller was obliged to
raise the siege of Basinghouse with great loss. This is
just what one would expect from the hearty, vigorous,
genial tone of the author of the Worthies of England. As
regards its propriety, we are not called upon to express an
opinion. After the surrender of Exeter, in April, 1646, he
removed to London, where he found his lecturer's place
filled by another preacher. His eloquence, however, was
too well known to permit of his being long without em-
ployment. He was soon chosen lecturer at St. Clement's
Lane, near Lombard Street; removed to St. Bride's in
Fleet Street: was, in 1648, presented to the living of
Waltham in Essex, which be left in 1658 for that of Cran-
ford, Middlesex; recovered his prebend at the Restora-
tion, readmitted to his Lectureship at the Savoy, and
died in the year following. His principal works are the
following:
1. David's Hainous Sinne, Heartie Repentance, Heavie
Punishment; a Poeun, 1631. This, his first publication, a
tract of 46 leaves, is now very rare. Bindley, £5 15×. 6‹l.
Hibbert, same copy. £6 68. 2. The Historie of the Holy
Warre, Camb., 1639, 40, 42, '47, '51, fol., with the Holy
State, 1652, fol. Holy Warre, new ed., Lon., 1840, sm. Svo.
3. The Holy and Profane State; a collection of Characters,
Moral Essays, and Lives, ancient, foreign, and domestic,
Camb., 1642, '48, '52, '58, fol. New ed., 1840, Lon., sm.
Svo. By Jas. Nichols, 1841, Svo.
↓
The Profane State contains-Lives of Joan Queen of
Naples, Joan of Arc, Cæsar Borgia, John Andronicus, the
Duke of Alva.
4. Good Thoughts in Bad Times, Exeter, 1645, 12mo;
Lou., 1646, 18mo; 1810, 18mo. The first fruits of the
Exeter press, Fuller tells us. 5. Good Thoughts in Worse
Times, Lon., 1640, 16mo; 1647. 6. Mixt Contemplations
in Better Times, 1660, 12mo. A new ed. of Nos. 4, 5, and
6, in one 18mo vol., 1830. Nos. 4 and 5 pub. together,
1669, 12mo.
7. Andronicus; or, the Unfortunate Politician, 1649, 8vo.
"This is one of the least-known, if not the rarest, of the produc-
tions of the quaint writer whose name it bears. . . . The subject
of this piece is the usurpation of Andronicus, an obscure portiu
of the history of the Eastern empire which the writer has chosen
for the purpose of moralizing its facts and epigrammatizing tho
records that remain concerning it."—Lon. Retrosp. Rev., 1827,
N. S., i. 396.
་་
S. A Pisgah-Sight of Palestine, and the confines thereof,
with the Hist. of the O. and N. Tests. açted thereon. With
Plates, 1650, '62, fol.
"This is one of the most curious works ever written on the Scrip-
tures. . . . The View of Palestine is not a mere geographical work;
it contains many things relating to Jewish antiquities, and to the
manners and customs of the people, and incidentally illustrates a
number of passages of Scripture.”—Orme's Bill. Bib.
Fuller, Stephen. Jamaica Acts, &c., 1788, '89, 4to.
Fuller, Thomas, 1608-1661, a native of Aldwinckle,
Northamptonshire, at the early age of twelve entered
Queen's Coll., Camb., and studied with such perseverance
that he took the degree of A.B. in 1624, and that of A.M.
in 1628. In 1631 he became Fellow of Sidney Coll., and
in the same year was made Prebendary of Salisbury, after
astonishing his hearers with his eloquence from the pulpit
of St. Bennet's, Cambridge; and not long after was re-
warded by the Rectorship of Broad-Windsor, Dorsetshire.
Upon the death of his first wife, about 1641, he removed
to London and became minister of the Savoy. We may here
mention that, after remaining a widower for thirteen years,
he was, in 1654, married to a sister of Viscount Baltin-history of the allies of England from the first rise of monkery to
glasse. After Charles had quitted London, (in 1642,) history of the allies of England from the first rise of monkery to
the final eradication of it under Henry the Eighth. These are
Fuller preached a sermon in which he displayed both his subdivided into lesser sections, which are severally dedicated to
9. The Church History of Britain from the birth of Christ
to 1648, 1655, fol. Contains a Hist. of the Univ. of Camb.
from the Conquest to 1643, and of Waltham Abbey. A
new ed. of the Church Hist., with the author's corrections,
edited by James Nichols, 1837, 3 vols. Svo; 1842, 3 vols.
Svo. Edited by the Rev. J. S. Brewer, 1845, 6 vols. Svo.
"It is divided into eleven books, whereof the sixth gives the
-
643
FUL
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uch patrons as were most likely to make their due acknowledg-
ments to the author. Nor were these infant lords and rich alder-
men the only people he designed to flatter. He was to make his
court to the powers then in fashion; and he well knew nothing
would be more grateful to them, than squinting reflections on the
management of the late king's chief ministers of state, eminent
churchmen, &c. For such misbehaviour as this, he was severely
taken to task by Peter Heylin. in his Examen Historicum; to
which was added Dr. Cosin's Apology, in answer to some passages,
in that history which concerned bimself. . . . Even the most se
rious and most authentic parts of it are so interlaced with pun
and quibble, that it looks as if the man had designed to ridicule
the annals of our church iuto fable and romance. . . . There are
in it some things of moment, hardly to be had elsewhere, which
may often illustrate dark passages in more serious writers."—
Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib., 96.
"Bishop Nicolson was too censorious upon Dr. Fuller's Church
History."-Bing. Brit., q. v.
"There are only two writers of the genuine History of our Church
who deserve the name of historians, Collier and Fuller."-Bishop
Warburton's Directions to a Student in Theology.
፡፡
· Quaint and witty, but sensible, pious, candid, and useful; an
invaluable body of information to the death of Charles the First.”
-Bickersteth's Christian Student.
"The historical works of Fuller are simply a caricature of the
species of composition to which they professedly belong; a syste
matic violation of all its proprieties. The gravity and dignity of
the historic muse are continually violated by him. But not only
is he continually cracking his jokes and perpetrating his puns;
his matter is as full of treason against the laws of bistory as his
manner. . . . Never was there such a medley. First, each book
and section is introduced by a quaint dedication to one or other
of his many admirers or patrons. Nicolson in his English Histo-
rical Library is rather severe on his motives for such a multiplica-
tion of dedication. Second, the several paragraphs into which the
Church History is divided, (most of them introduced by some quaint
title,) are many of them as little connected with church history as
with the history of China. Thus, in one short section,' comprising
the period from 1330 to 1361, we find paragraphs' relating to the
'ignorance of the English in curious clothing-to 'fullers' earth,'
which, he tells us, ' was a precious commodity-to the manufacture
of woollen cloth,' and to the sumptuary laws which restrained
excess in apparel.' Here is a strange mixture in one short chapter."
-HENRY ROGERS: Edin. Rev., Ixxiv. 352-53, aud in his Essays.
•
↓
"All the charins of Southey's prose may please you in his Book
of the Church; on turning to the old church historian, Thomas
Fuller, you may find in his History of the Church in Great Britain
(one of the most remarkable in the language) the
powers of learning, sagacity, pathos, an overflowing wit. humour,
and imagination, all animating the pages of a church history."-
Henry Reed's Lects. on Eng. Lit., Phila., 1855, 12mo.
10. The Appeal of Injured Innocence, 1659, fol.
"Soon after [the publication of Heylin's Examen Historicum]
Tb. Fuller came out with a thin fol., full of submission and ac-
knowledgment, entit. The Appeal of Injured Innocence.”—Athen.
Oxon.. q. v.
This volume is necessary to complete The Church His-
tory by the same author. The Appeal of Injured Inno-
cence is a running commentary on each of the eleven
books of The Church History.
"It embraces almost every topic within the range of human dis-
quisition, from the most sublime mysteries of the Christian reli-
gion and the great antiquity of the Hebrew and Welsh languages,
down to the tale of a tub,' and criticisms on Shakspeare's perver
sion of the character of Sir John Falstaff."
<
|
amusement, presenting entertainment as varied as it is inexhaust-
ible. His Good Thoughts in Bad Times, and lesser works, are all
equally excellent in their way, full of admirable maxims and re
flections, agreeable stories, and ingenious moralizations. It was
however, in biography that Fuller excelled."-Lon. Retrosp. Rev
1821, iii. 54.
With Notes, Indexes, &c., by P. Austin Nuttall, LL.D.,
1840, 3 vols. 8vo.
Our Dictionary is greatly indebted to the Worthies of
England, as our frequent acknowledgments testify.
The Catalogues of the Sheriffs and the lists of the Gentry,
as they were returned from the several counties in the
twelfth year of Henry the Sixth, are very useful.
But we have already given to honest Fuller more space
than we can well afford, and must dismiss him after the
citation of two or three more testimonies of bis general
excellence as a writer.
Bishop Nicolson is as severe upon this entertaining work
as he is upon the Church History:
"It was huddled up in haste, for the procurement of some mode-
rate profit for the author, though he did not live to see it published.
It corrects many mistakes in his ecclesiastical history; but makes
more new ones in their stead.”—Eng. Hist. Lib., v.
But see a defence of Fuller in the Biog. Brit. His bio-
grapher there very pertinently reminds us of Fuller's own
plea for himself, when excusing John Fox's error in assert-
ing Marbeck to have been burnt at the stake, when Mar-
beck "lived"-for all that we know to the contrary-" a
prosperous gentleman:"
"And it is impossible for any author of a voluminous book, con-
sisting of several persons and circumstances, (Reader, in pleading
for Master Foxe I plead for myself.) to have such ubiquitary intelli-
gence, as to apply the same infallibility to every particular."
"Ilis Worthies is, we believe. more generally perused than any
of his productions, and is perhaps the most agreeable; suffice to
say of it, that it is a most fascinating storehouse of gossiping, anec-
dote, and quaintness; a most delightful medley of interchanged
|
"Next to Shakspeare, I am not certain whether Thomas Fuller,
beyond all other writers, does not excite in me the sense and emo-
tion of the marvellous; the degree in which any given faculty, or
combination of faculties, is possessed and manifested, so far sur
passing what we would have thought possible in a single mind. as
to give one's admiration the flavour and quality of wonder. Fuller
was incomparably the most sensible, the least prejudiced great man
of an age that boasted of a galaxy of great men. In all his nu-
merous volumes, on so many different subjects, it is scarcely toc
much to say, that you will hardly find a page in which some one
sentence out of every three does not deserve to be quoted for itself
as a motto or as a maxim. Fuller, whose wit (alike in quan-
tity, quality, and perpetuity, surpassing that of the wittiest in a
witty age) robbed him of the praise not less due to him for an
equal superiority in sound, shrewd, good sense, and freedom of
intellect."-S. T. COLERIDGE.
"A man of fancy."-BISHop Burnet.
+
"The writings of Fuller are usually designated by the title of
quaint, and with sufficient reason; for such was bis natural bias
to conceits, that I doubt not, upon most occasions. it would have
been going out of bis way to have expressed himself out of them.
But his wit is not always lumen siccum, a dry faculty of surpris
ing; on the contrary, his conceits are oftentimes deeply steeped in
human feeling and passion. Above all, bis way of telling a story,
for its eager liveliness, and the perpetual running commentary of
the narrator happily blended with the narration, is perhaps un-
equalled."-CHARLES LAMB.
The
See the authorities cited above, and an article on Fuller
and his Writings, in the Boston Christian Examiner:
highly lauded by an eminent English authority.
reader must procure, also, Memorials of the Life and Writ-
ings of Thomas Fuller, by the Rev. Arthur T. Russell, Vicar
of Caxton, Cambridgeshire, Lon., 1844, sm. Svo. And see
BROOME, REV. ARTHUR, in this Dictionary.
Fuller was remarkable for his piety, his wit, his kind-
ness of heart, his learning, his conversational powers, and
his wonderful memory.
New ed. of the Hist. of the Univ. of Camb., edit. by
Prickett and Wright, 1840, 8vo. The Hist. of the Univ.
of Camb., of Waltham Abbey, and the Appeal of Injured
Innocence, edit. by James Nichols, 1840, Svo. See Bishop
Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib., 129.
11. Hist. of the Worthies of England, 1662, fol. Posth.;
pub. by his sou. New ed., with Notes by John Nichols,
1811, 2 vols. 4to.
The learned and industrious editor of this present edition
was assisted by Mr. Bindley, Mr. Malone, Mr. Alex. Chal- 4to.
mers, Sir Henry Ellis, Dr. Bliss, Sir Egerton Brydges, and
the indefatigable author of Cathedral Antiquities, Mr.
John Britton.
"He had a memory so vastly comprehensive that he is deservedly
known for the first inventor of that noble art (memoria technica:
but this was known to the ancients] whereof he left no rules be
hind him, but many extraordinary proofs; as, after a walk from
Temple-Bar to the furthest conduit in Cheapside bis repeating all
the signs on both sides of the way, orderly, without missing or mis-
placing one; and so he would do by the words of different languages
to any number; [500, at least, after twice hearing them, it has been
stated:] to the great astonishment of his hearers."-Bing. Brit.
Fuller, Thomas, M.D., 1654-1734, honourably dis-
tinguished for his kindness to the poor, (see Cotton Mather's
Essays to do Good,) was educated at Queen's Coll., Camb.,
and practised at Sevenoaks, Kent. 1. Pharmacopoeia Ex-
temporanea, Lon., 1701, &c., Svo. Trans. into French and
German. 2. Pharmacopoeia Bateana, 1718, &c., 12mo.
3. Pharmacopoeia Domestica, 1725, &c., Svo.
4. Introduc-
tio ad Prudentiam, 1726-27, 8vo; 1743, with an addit.
vol., 2 vols. New ed., recently pub., 12mo. 5. Introduc-
tio ad Sapientam, 1731, 12mo. 6. Exanthemalogia, 1730,
7. Adagies, Proverbs, Wise Sentiments, and Witty
Sayings, ancient and modern, Foreign and British, 1732,
12mo. 8. Family Dispensatory, 1738, &c., 8vo. We sub-
join the epitaph in Sevenoaks Church, made by Dr. Fullor
on himself:
"Ante obitum felix canto epicedia nostra:
Octoginta annos sum passus tristia terræ;
Mors dabit his finem, mecum lætaminie amici;
Eternum posthac coelorum læta tenebo."
See Nichols's Lit. Anec.
Fuller, Thomas. Journal, &c. on board Cavendish's
ship, the Desire. See Callander's Voyages, i. 471, 1766.
Fuller, Thomas, D.D. The Causes and Cure of a
Wounded Conscience, 1810, 12mo.
Ephemeris Parliamentaria, Lon., 1654,
Fuller, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1628, 4to.
Fuller, Wm.
'63, '81, fol.
Fuller, Wm. Tracts rel. to the Pretended Prince of
Wales, &c., Lon., 1702-16.
Fullerton, Col. Views in the Himalaya and Neil-
gherry Hills; 24 plates, Lon., 1848, 4to.
Fullerton, Alex. Toleration; a Serm., Aberd., 1784.
Fullerton, Lady Georgiana, one of the most popu
lar of modern English novelists. 1. Ellen Middleton; a
Tale, 2d ed., Lon., 1844, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
6-14
FUL.
FUR
"We scarcely know a fiction of the last ten years that so com
pletely takes hold of the reader as Ellen Middleton.”—Mrs. Hale's
Woman's Record.
2. Grantley Manor, 1847, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 2d ed., 1854,12mo.
"The author is perhaps too elaborate in her diction. and is stirred
too often by an ambition for the superfine, to catch that flowing
felicity of style which should be the aim of the novelist-a style
in which sentences should only represent thought or fact, and
never dazzle away attention from the matter they convey. But
with some faults of manner, and some blunders in plot, the novel
vinces considerable dramatic power, and has a number of striking
characters The interest is well sustained, though rapidity of
movement in the story is ever subsidiary to completeness of de-
Lineation in the characters."-E. P. WHIPPLE: Eskays, ii. 405.
"Grantley Manor is the title of an exceedingly interesting volume,
which we have read with more than ordinary pleasure. The style
is elegant, the story, which involves a succession of mysteries and
cross-purposes, is well developed. and the scene and character paint-
ing is full of spirit and truth. The authoress is certainly a woman
of genius, which she has used to excellent purpose."-Soullurn
Literary Messenger.
3. Lady-Bird; a Tale, 1852, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Fullmer, or Fulmer, Samuel. The Young Gar-
dener's Best Companion for the Kitchen and Fruit Garden,
Lon., 1781, 12mo.
Fullom, S. W., a modern author, enjoying great popu-
larity. 1. The Daughter of Night, Lon., 1851, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
"A most powerfully-told and fascinating tale.”—John Bull.
2. The Marvels of Science, and their Testimony to Holy
Writ, 3d ed., 1852, p. 8vo; 8th ed., 1854; 9th ed., 1855.
Genuine service has been done to the cause of revelation by
the issue of such a book."-Lon. Globe.
3. The Great Highway; 3d ed., 1854, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
4. The Human Mind, 1857, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
Fullwood, Francis, D.D., Archdeacon of Totness,
in Devon. Vindicia Mediorum et Mediatoris, Lon., 1651,
Svo. He also pub. some serms., and several discourses in
defence of the Ch. of Eng. and against the Ch. of Rome.
Of these, Roma ruit; the pillars of Rome broken, was re-
pub. in 1847, Svo, edited by Mr. C. Hardwick.
Fullwood, Wm. See FULWOOD.
Fulman, Wm., 1632–1688, a native of Kent, educated
at Oxford through the kindness of Dr. Hammond, attained
some eminence as an antiquary. 1. Academiæ Oxoniensis
Notitia, Oxon., 1665, 4to. With Addits. and Correct. from
Wood's Latin Hist., 1675, 4to. 2. Appendix to the Life
of E. Stanton, D.D., Lon., 1673. 3. Rerum Anglicanum
Scriptorum Veterum.
"Done with greater accuracy than Gale's two volumes."-LOVE-
DAY. in. Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.; where see a further account
of Fulman's literary labours.
He made some observations on, and corrections of, Bur-
net's Hist. of the Reformation, some of which are appended
to that work. He also edited the works of Charles L. and
of Dr. Hammond.
Fulmer, Samuel. See FULLMER.
Fulthrop, Christopher. The Practice of a Devont
The Practice of a Devout
Christian, Lon., 1748, Svo.
Fulton, George, pub. a number of valuable books
upon spelling, &c., and, in conjunction with C. Knight,
gave to the world a Pronouncing and Explanatory Dic-
tionary, first pub. in 1802, 12mo, which is still highly
esteemed; the last ed. was issued in 1843, 12mo. Mr. F.
also pub. Johnson's Dict. in Miniature, which passed
through a number of eds.
In point of uotation, quantity, and syllabication, Mr. Fulton's
system is, in our opinion, decidedly superior to any which has yet
been adopted in Spelling-books and Dictionaries.”—British Critic.
Fulton, H. Travelling Sketches in various Countries,
Lon., 1840, 2 vols. 12mo.
Fulton, J. W. Brit.-Indian Book-Keeping, 1804, Svo.
Fulton, Rev. John. See BROWN, THOMAS, and the
notice of Olshausen's Comment.
Fulton, Levi S. See EASTMAN, G. W.
Fulton, Robert, 1765-1815, a native of Little Bri-
tain, Pennsylvania, has linked his name indissolubly with
improved steam navigation. For an account of his life
and labours we must refer the reader to his biography in
Sparks's Amer. Biog., 1st series, x. 1-89, written by James
Renwick, LL.D., and to C. D. Colden's Life of Fulton, N.
York, 1817, Svo. An interesting account, narrated by
Fulton himself to the late Judge Story, of the first voyage
of the Clermont up the Hudson, from New York to Albany,
August, 1807, will be found in Story's Miscell. Writings,
480-482. See also Robert Walsh's Appeal from the Judg-
ment of Great Brit., Phil. and Lon., 1819, 8vo. See also
the works of Daniel Webster, iv. 464, vi. 6, Boston, 1854;
Encyc. Americana, v. 335–337; Lon. Quar. Rev., xix. 347-
357; Phila. Museum, xxxiii. 340; Phila. Analectic Mag.,
v. 394, x. 177; Niles's Register, xiii. 51, xxxiii. 15.
Treatise on the Improvement of Canal Navigation, Lon.,
1796 4to. This work, illustrated by 17 plates and a
Malaguti
portrait, is very rare. A copy in a late bookseller's cata-
Jogue is priced $12.
Fulwell, Ulpin, b. 1556, Rector of Naunton, Glou
cestershire. 1. The Flower of Fame, Lon., 1575, 4to
This is an historical work rel. to Hen. VIII., &c., in prose
and verse. A copy has been sold for £30 9%. It is re-
printed in the Harleian Miscell., vol. ix. 2. Ars Adulandi,
the Art of Flatterie, 1579, 4to.
Our readers should ponder this truth:
“Who reads a booke rashly, at random doth runne;
Hee goes on his errande, yet leaues it undone."
3. A pleasant Interlude entitled Like will to Like, quoth
the Devil to the Collier, 1587, 4to. This is a moral dra
matic piece.
Fulwood, Francis. See FULLWOOD.
Fulwood, Peter. Serms., 1673, Svo.
Fulwood, or Fullwood, Wm., a London merchant.
1. Trans. of Wm. Gratarolus's Castle of Memorie, from the
Watt ascribes this trans. to
Italian, Lon., 1562, '63, '73.
Wm. Fulford, also to W. Fulward, and to Wm. Fulwood.
A curious list of orthographical errors. For an account
of the work, see Feinagle's Art of Memory, and the Cen-
sura Literaria, ed. 1815, v. 309.
"Memory taketh leave of her disciples with the following pithy
admonition:
"To bim that would me gladly gaine,
These three preceptes shal not be vaine:
The fyrst, is wel to understand
The thing that he doth take in hand.
The second is the same to place
In order good, and formed race.
The thyrde is, often to repeate
The thing that he would not forgeate."
Quoted in Cen. Lit., ubi supra.
2. The Enimie of Idleness. Teaching the maner and
stile how to endite, compose, and write all sorts of Epistles
and Letters, &c., 1568, '98, 8vo and 16mo, consisting of
"Sundry Letters belonging to Love, as well in Verse as in
Prose."
All is in prose, save the last thirteen pages, which con-
tain seven metrical love-epistles. We give a specimen of
the poetry:
A constant lover doth expresse
His griping grifes, which still encrease."
*
*
*
*
"A lover, pearst with Cupide's bowe,
Thinks long till he be rid from woe."
*
*
*
*
*
"A lover bath his ladie's hart.
And writes to hir as is his part."
Quoted in Cen. Lit., x. 5.
We presume that the "ladies" will not insist upon fur-
ther specimens. See also Herbert's Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit.
Funnell, Wm., mate to Capt. Dampier. A voyage
round the World, containing an account of Capt. Damn-
pier's Expedit. into the South Seas, in the St. George,
1703-04, Lon., 1707, Svo. This relation was unauthorized
by Capt. Dampier, who pub. a Vindication of his voyage,
in the same year, in answer to it. The Vindication elicited
a reply from John Welbe, a midshipman in Dampier's
ship. See an account of this matter in Rich's Bibl. Amer.
Nova, under 1707; and see DAMPIER, CAPT. W., in this
Dictionary. Funnell's narrative is repub. in Harris's
Collec. of Voy. and Trav., vol. i. 2. Voyage to Magel-
lanica in 1703. See Callander's Voy., iii. 145, 1766.
Furber, Robert. 1. Cat. of Eng. and For. Trees,
Lon., 1727, Svo. 2. Flower-Garden display'd, 1732, 4to.
3. Short Introduc. to Gardening, 1733, Svo. 4. Collec. of
Flowers for the twelve Months, fol.
Furley, Lieut. Maxims and Morals for our Conduct
through Life, 1791, 12mo.
Furlong, J. S. Law of Landlord and Tenant in Ire-
land, Dubl., 1845, 2 vols. 8vo.
Furly, Samuel. Serm., 1779, 4to.
Furman, Richard, D.D., d. 1825, a Baptist minister
of Charleston, S. C., pub. a serm. in 1796, and furnished
Ramsay, the historian, with a statistical account of Camden.
Furneaux, Philip, D.D., 1726-1783, a Disseuting
minister, lecturer at Clapham, in Surrey, 1753-76, pub.
Expos. of the Act of Toleration, 1793, 8vo. His Letters
Serms., 1758-69, Letters to Justice Blackstone on his
to Blackstone are said
To have induced the learned commentator to alter some posi-
tions in the subsequent editions of his valuable work." See Lon.
Gent. Mag., vols. li., liii.
Furness, Rev. John. The Pract. Surveyor, Lon., 1809.
Furness, Rev. William H., b. in Boston, April 20,
1802; grad. at Harvard Coll. in 1820; completed his theo-
logical education in 1823; ordained as pastor of the First
Congreg. Unitarian Church in Philadelphia, Jan. 12, 1825.
1. Remarks on the Four Gospels, Phila, 1836; Lon. 1837,
645
FUR
GAD
'b1.
2. Jesus and his Biographers, 1838. 3. A History of
Jesus, 1850. New ed., 1853; Lon., 1850.
Li
The author is a man whom to know is to love, who is deeply
penetrated with the spirit of Christianity, and whose whole life and
character have grown from intimate heart-communion with the
objects of his religious faith. Ile is a man of a rich, active, and
fruitful intellect, of the most liberal culture, of warm enthusiasm
and glowing fancy. But he is neither a logician nor critic. Esthetic
considerations weigh more with him than historical proofs, and
vividness of conception than demonstration. So far is be from
needing facts to verify his theories, that he is ready to reject the
best-authenticated facts, if they would not flow necessarily from
bis à priori reasoning.... A Ilistory of Jesus is a title worthy of
the author's honesty. The definite article would have been sadly
out of place; for the work is not an exposition of the Gospels as
they are, but an original Gospel, embracing and endorsing such
portions of the record of the evangelists as accorded with his no-
tions of what must and should have been, and telling the rest of
the story as the evangelists would have told it had they belonged
to his school of philosophy and theology. His theory is, we believe,
entirely original and peculiar. It is naturalism in a form so irra-
tional and untenable that we can hardly conceive of its ever find-
ing a second advocate."-A. P. PEABODY, in N. Amer. Rev., 1xxi.
464; see also Chris. Exam., xlix. 239: xv. 277.
5. Mirror
6. Gems
1831, 3 vols. 8vo. See also Autobiography of Haydon:
By Tom Taylor, Lon., 1853, 3 vols. Svo. His Lectures,
two series, were also pub. separately, 1801, &c. As early as
1765, Svo, he pub. Reflections on the Painting and Sculp-
ture of the Greeks, with Instructions for the Connoisseur,
and an Essay on Grace in Works of Art, trans, from the
German of the Abbé Winkelmann; and in 1805 he gavo
to the world an improved ed. of Pilkington's Dict. of
Painters, 4to.
he
Of this work there have been later eds.
See the name. The Life and Works of Fuseli must not be
neglected by the student:
4. Domestic Worship, 1842. New ed., 1850.
of Nature, trans. from the German of Schubert.
of German Verse.
"He is a poet of fine taste, and deep feeling, and has published
fugitive poems, chiefly hymns and devotional pieces. He has made
exquisite translations from the German, chief of which stands his
version of Schiller's Song of the Boll.' He is a lover of the beauti
ful arts, and has rendered them great service in Philadelphia."-
Men of the Time, N. Fork, 1852.
7. A vol. of Discourses, 1855, 12mo. 8. Julius, and other
Tales; from the German, Phila., 1856, 12mo. 9. Thoughts
on the Life and Character of Jesus of Nazareth, Bost.,
·
1859, 12mo.
Mr. Furness edited The Diadem, a Philadelphia annual,
for three years, and has occasionally contributed to the
Christian Examiner, pub. in Boston.
Furniss, William, of N. York. 1. The Old World;
or, Scenes and Cities in Foreign Lands, with a Map
and Illustrations, New York, 1850, 8vo. 2. Waraga;
or, The Charms of the Nile, 12mo. 3. The Land
of the
Cæsar and the Doge, 1853, 12mo. See Putnam's Maga-
zine, i. 230.
Fursman, John. Serm., 1715, 8vo.
Furtado, John. 1, 2. Works on Thorough Bass, 1798,
8vo. 3. The Piano Forte, &c., 1798, 4to.
Faseli, Henry, 1741-1825, a celebrated painter, a
native of Zurich, visited England in 1763, and was per-
suaded by Sir Joshua Reynolds, who discovered his great
abilities, to adopt the profession of an artist. In 1770 he
visited Italy, where he remained for nine years, and on
his return at once took a position among the first painters |
of the day. From this time until his death he annually
contributed to the Royal Academy. He died at the ripe |
age of 87, when on a visit to the Countess of Guilford, at
Putney Hill. For an account of his life, artistic labours,
and his views of professional matters, we must refer the
reader to his Life and Works, (Lectures on Painting,
Aphorisms, History of Arts in the Schools of Italy, &c.,)
the former written, the latter edited, by John Knowles,
Gabbett, Joseph. 1. Abridgt., &c. of the Stat. Law
of Eng. and Ire., Dubl., 1812-18, 4 vols. 8vo. New ed., to
1841, inclusive.
An excellent and accurate digest."
See Warren's Law Studies, 881; 1 Leg. Rep., 245;
Tomlin's Dict., Pref. 2. Crim. Law, 1835–43, 2 vols. 8vo.
Gabble, Gridiron, i. e., Joseph Haslewood.
Green Room Gossip; or, Gravity gallinipt.
Gabell, Henry. 1. High Price of Corn, Lon., 1796,
8vo. 2. A Fast Serm., 1799, 8vo.
Gabriel, John. Essay towards the Theory of an
Invisible World, The Archetypally, 2d ed., 1700, 8vo. It
is supposed that Swift was indebted to the Theory of an
Invisible World.
Gabriel, Rob. Burd, D.D., d. 1804. Tracts rel. to
the Rev. Dr. White's Bampton Lect., Lon., 1789, 8vo.
These volumes are perhaps the most valuable, as regards the
fine arts, ever published in England. Every one who possesses
the lectures of Sir Joshua Reynolds should possess also those of
Fuseli. comprised in the above work, together with the painter's
Aphorisms on Art, and his History of the Italian Schools of Paint-
ing and Sculpture, all of which are included in the present edi
tion."-Lon. Month. Rev. See also Wornum's Lectures by the
Royal Academicians, &c. 1848.
Gace, Wm. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1578, 79.
Gadbury, Job, d. 1715, a disciple of John Gadbury,
probably succeeded him in the publication of his almanac.
Gadbury, John, 1627-1692? a notorious astrologer,
646
..
Mr. Robert Balmanno, now (1858) living in Brocklyn,
New York, was an intimate friend and one of the execu-
tors of Fuseli. As already stated, (sce BALManno, Robert,)
we have earnestly urged Mr. B. to give to the world some
reminiscences of the departed great,-the friends who have
passed before him into the world of spirits. We fear, how-
ever, that this desire must remain among the ungratified.
Fyfe, Andrew. 1. A System of Anatomy and Phy-
siology, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1787, 3 vols. 8vo; 1800, 3 vols.
4to. New ed., 1820, 3 vols. 4to. 2. Anatomy of the Human
Body, Edin., 1800, 3 vols. 4to; vol. iv., 1804, '07, 3 vols.
1810, 3 vols. Svo, entitled A Comp. of the Anatomy of the
Svo. 3. Anatomia Britannica, 1804, 3 vols. 12mo; 4th ed.,
Human Body. New ed., 1822, 4 vols. Svo. 4. Compara-
6. Manual of Chemistry, 12mo.
tive Anatomy, 1813, Svo. 5. Elements of Chemistry, Svo.
of Body and Mind, Svo.
7. Reciprocal Influence
Poems and Criticisms, Paris,
1806, 12mo.
Fyfe, Archibald.
Fyler, Samuel. Serms., &c., 1680-1700.
of the Clergye, gedderd and compyled by J. F., Lon.,
Fyloll, Jasper. A Treatise against the Possessions
16mo.
Fynch, Martin. Practical Divinity, Lon., 1658, Svo.
Fynes, Charles, LL.D. Serm., 1798, 4to.
G.
The
Gabb, Rev. Thomas. Finis Pyramidis; or, Dis-
quisitions concerning the Antiquity and Scientific End of
the great Pyramid of Giza, Lon., 1806, 8vo.
pub. almanacs, astrological treatises, nativities, &c., 1656-
91, a list of which will be found in the Bibl. Brit.
Black Life of John Gadbury, written and pub. by Par-
tridge, appeared in 1693.
Fynn, Robert. Brit. Consuls Abroad; their Origin,
Rank, Privileges, Duties, &c., 2d ed., Lon., 1848, 12mo.
contents are not only of vital importance to Consuls, but to Mer-
"This work is written with manifest care and judgment; its
chants, Ship-owners, Captains, and Travellers."
Fyuney, Fielding Best, Surgeon. Con.to Med. Com.,
1775, 76, '85; to Memoirs Med., 1789; to Phil. Trans.,
1777.
Fysh, Henry, Vicar of Middleton, Norfolk. Serm. on
Prov. x. 27, 1738, 8vo.
Fysh, Thomas. Serm. on Zech. xii. 8, 1685, 4to.
Fysher, Robert. Catalogus Impressorum Librorum
Bibliotheca Bodleianæ in Academia Oxoniensi, Oxon.,
1738, 2 vols. fol. See BODLEY, SIR THOMAS.
Fyson, Thomas, Chaplain to the Earl of Uxbridge.
Serm. on 1 Cor. xv. 58, 1715, 8vo.
Gadbury, Thomas or Timothy. Astrolog. Pre-
dict. of Chas. II., his coming to the Crown of Eng., Lon.,
1660, fol.
Gaddesby, or Gadesby, Richard. 1. Decimal
Arith., Lon., 1757, 8vo. 2. Geography, 1776, 12mo.
Gaddesden, John of, who lived in the early part
of the 14th century, was the first Englishman employed
as a physician at court, being appointed by Edward II.
Before this the court-physicians had been foreigners. Dr.
Freind, in his Hist. of Physic, exposes, in a humorous
manner, the ignorance, quackery, and superstition of Gad-
desden. He wrote Rosa Anglica: sou Practica Medicinæ
a Capite ad Pedus Papiæ, 1492, '99, fol. Venet., 1502,
'06, fol. Neapoli, 1508. Trew, 1516, fol. Aug. Vind.,
1595, 2 vols. 4to, with Notes by Schopfius. See Bibl.
Brit.
"He seems to have made a collection of all the receipts he had
history of what medicines were in use, not only among the phy
ever met with or heard of; and this book affords vs a complete
sicians of that time, but among the common people in all parts of
GAD
GAL
England, both in the empirical and superstitious way." See
Freind's History of Physic.
The method of producing fresh from salt water by simple dis-
tillation, (in an alembic with a gentle heat.) is familiarly men
tioned by this author, even at so remote a period." See Aikin's
Biog. Memoirs of Med.; Rees's Cyc.; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Gadsden. Funl. Serm. on Bp. Dehon. In Dehon's
Serins., ii. 529.
.
Gael, Samuel H. 1. Contingent and Eventual
Losses, Lon., 8vo. 2. Legal Composition, 1840, 8vo.
excellent work. 3. Prec. of Exam., &c., 1843, 12mo.
An
“This is a very useful work.”—7 Jurist. 351.
Gage, Viscount. Lett. rel. to legalizing marriage
with a deceased wife's sister, Lon., 1851, 8vo.
Gage, John. 1. Hist. and Antiq. of Hengrave in
Suffolk, Lon.. 1822, r. 4to and imp. 4to. Highly com-
mended. 2. Hist. and Antiq. of Suffolk, 1838, r. 4to and
imp. 4to. This work contains the complete history of the
Thingo Hundred, which is all that has been pub.
Gage, M. 1. Cryptography; or, Secret Writing, Norw.,
1899, 8vo. 2. Answer rel. to W. Blair resp. a Cypher,
1809, 8vo.
-
Gage, Thomas, a R. Catholic missionary who turned
Protestant, and obtained the living of Deal, in Kent. In
addition to some theolog. treatises, he pub. A New Survey
of the W. Indies, Lon., 1648, '55, 77, fol. In the 3d ed.
a chapter which reflected on the character of Archbp.
Laud was omitted. Gage's sermon was trans. into Span-
ish. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ·
"Though Gage pretends to have collected his materials on the
spot, the account of that place (Mexico) is copied verbatim from
Nicholas's Conquest of Weast-India."-DR. SOUTHEY.
Gager, Wm., a poet and civilian, was entered of
Christ Church, Oxf., in 1574. 1. Exequiæ, &c., D. Phi-
lippi Sidnæi, &c., Oxon., 1587, 4to. 2. Meleager Tragoedia,
1592, 8vo. 3. Vlisses Redvx, Tragoedia Nova, 1592. He
contended for the lawfulness of stage-plays against Dr.
John Rainolds, and insisted upon a position of his, very
properly attacked by Mr. Hale, viz.: "That it was lawful
"That it was lawful
for husbands to beat their wives." Whether Mr. Gager
indulged in this elegant and manly amusement we have
no means of knowing.
"He was an excellent poet, especially in the Latin tongue, and
reputed the best comedian (i. c. dramatic writer) of his time."
Athen. Oxon.
Irritability of Plants; in Med.
Gahagan, John.
| 8vo. 3. By Messrs. Galbraith and Haughton, in conjunc
tion with Erasmus Smith, Manual of Astronon.y, 1855, fp.
Svo. Mr. G. has puh. several works on mathematics, me-
chanics, and nat. philos.
Galbraith, Richard. Latin Grammar, Virgil, &c.,
1841-46.
Galbraith, Wm. Works on surveying, astronomy,
and engineering, 1842, &c.
Gale. Cabinet of Knowledge, 1797, 12mo.
Gale, Benjamin, M.D., 1715-1790, a native of Long
Island, pub. a Treatise on Inoculation for the Small Pox,
Phil. Trans., 1763; on the Bite of Rattlesnakes, same year;
some Essays in Transac. Med. Soc. of New Haven; and a
Dissert. on the Prophecies. See Thacher's Amer. Med. Biog.
Gale, C. J. 1. Stat. 3 and 4 Will. IV., c. 42, Lon., 1833,
12mo. 2. Rep. Ct. Ex., 1836–38, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. Rep. Case
of the Queen v. S. W. R. R. Co., 1842, r. Svo. 4. C. J. G.
and Tho. D. Whately, Law of Easements, 1839, Svo; 2d
ed., 1848. 1st Amer. ed., by E. Haminond, N. York, 1840,
Sгo. 5. C. J. G. and H. Davison, Rep. Ct. Q. B. and Ex.
C., 1841-43, 3 vols. 8vo; 1841-43. See DAVISON, H.
Com., 1789.
2. Serms. on several occasions, 2d ed., 1726, 4 vols. Sro.
"He was considered to be one of the ablest ministers of his time
among the general Baptists. The congregation to which Dr. Gaie
Gahagan, Matthias, M.D., of Grenada. Con. to preached is said to have been numerous and respectable: his voice
Med. Com., 178S.
was clear and melodious, his style easy and strong, his method
exact, his reasoning convincing.”—Bogue and Bennell's Hist. of the
Dissenters.
Gahagan, Usher, executed at Tyburn, 1749, for
clipping the coin, edited Brindley's Classics, and trans.
into Latin Pope's Essay on Criticism, the Temple of
Fame, and the Messiah.
Gahan, Wm., a R. Catholic divine. 1. Serms. and
Moral Discourses, 6th ed., Dubl., 1847, 8vo. 2. Manual
of Catholic Piety, 1847, 12mo.
Gailhard, J. Theolog., hist., and educational works,
Lon., 1660-99.
Gaimar, Geoffrey. See GEOFFREY GAIMAR.
Gainesforde, or Gainsford, Thomas. 1. Hist.
of Trebizaud, Lon., 1616, 4to. 2. Scrutoneer's Study, 1616,
4to. 3. Hist. of Perkin Warbeck, 1618, 4to. 4. Glory and
Prerog. of Eug., 161S, 4to. 5. Hist. of the Earl of Tirone,
1619, 4to.
Gairden, George, D.D. 1. Funl. Serm., 1726, Svo.
2. Works of the Rev. H. Scougal, 1818.
Gairdner, Wm., M.D.
M.D. On Gout: its history, cause,
and cure, Lon., 1849, p. Svo; 3d ed., 1854.
<. • This book is the work of a man mature in years, and who has
spent his life in studying the phenomena of which he now renders
an account. . . . Our readers will find an ample storehouse of in-
teresting and important inatter."-Lon. Lancet.
Gale, Dunstan. Pyramus and Thisbe, a Lovely Poem,
Lon., 1617, 4to. Bindley, Pt. 4, 167, £6 Ss. 6d. See Rit-
son's Bibl. Poet., 214, 215.
Gale, John, 1680-1721, an eminent Baptist divine, a
native of London, studied at Leyden and Amsterdam, and
on his return home became one of the ministers of St.
Paul's Alley, near Barbican, London. Wm. Wall, D.D.,
pub. his Hist. of Infant Baptism in 1705, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d
ed., 1707, 4to.
ed., 1707, 4to. In 1711, Svo, Gale pub. (1) Reflections on
Wall's Defence of Infant Baptism, 2d ed., 1720, 8vo. New
ed., 1820, Svo. Wall responded to Gale: see WALL, WM.,
D.D. The reader must procure The History of Infant
Baptism, together with Gale's Reflections and Wall's De-
fence. New ed., by the Rev. Henry Cotton, D.C.L., 1836,
4 vols. 8vo; again, 1844, 4 vols. Svo.
Both the works of these learned writers on this subject are
worthy of examination on account of the learning and knowledge
of ecclesiastical history which they contain."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
The publication of Gale's work gave him reputation,
and it is still perhaps the best work on the subject.
"Gale and Booth are the principal standard works on the sido
of the Baptists."-BICKERSteth.
Gaisford, Stephen. Abolit. Slave Trade, 1811, 8vo.
Gaisford, Thomas, D.D., 1780-1855, Regius Prof.
of Greek, Oxf., and Dean of Christ Church, d. 1855, in his
75th year. 1. Hephæstionis Alexandrini, &c., Oxon., 1810,
Svo. 2. Poet. Minores Græci, 1816, 4 vols. Svo. 3. Lectiones
Platonicæ, 1820, 8vo. 4. Herodotus; new ed., 1840, 2 vols.
Svo. 5. Suidas, 1834, 3 vols, fol. 6. Scriptores Latini Rei
Metricæ, 1838, Svo. 7. Etymologicon Magnum, 1848, fol.
8. Theodoreti Episcopi, &c., 1854, Svo. Dr. G. prepared
Pt. 1 of the Cat. of MS. of E. D. Clarke, in the Bodleian
Library, 1812, 4to. For an account of his life and par-
ticulars of his literary labours, we refer to the London
Athenæum and the Gent. Mag.
See his serms. highly commended in the Lon. Theolog.
Mag.; also refer to Life prefixed to his Works; Biog. Brit.;
Nichols's Atterbury Corresp.; Crosby's Hist. of the Baptists.
Gale, Levin. A List of Eng. Statutes supposed to be
applicable to the several States of the Union, Svo.
Gale, Roger, 1672–1744, a son of the learned Thomas
Gale, D.D., educated at, and Fellow of, Trin. Coll., Camb.,
represented Northallerton in three parliaments, was Com-
missioner of Excise, and the first Vice-President of the An-
tiquarian Society. 1. The Knowledge of Medals, from the
French of Jobert, Lon., 1697, 1715, Švo. 2. Antonini Iter
Britanniarum Commentariis illustratum, 1709, 4to. 3. Re-
gistrum Honoris de Richmond, ex libro Domesday; 1722,
fol. 4. Antiquarian con. to Phil. Trans., 1718, '23, '36, '45;
to Archæol., vol. ii. p. 25; to Leland's Itinerary, vol. vi.
p. 93. See Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes; Bibl. Top. Brit., No. 2.
Gale, S., of Charleston, South Carolina. Four Essays
on the Nature and Principles of Public Credit, Lon.. 1784,
'S5, '86, Svo. See an interesting article on the English
Sinking Fund-" the grossest delusion, certainly, by which
any civilized people was ever blinded and deceived"-in
McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 334-36.
Gale, Samuel, 1682–1754, a brother of Roger Gale,
was one of the revivers of the Antiquarian Society in
1717, and the first treasurer. 1. Hist. and Antiq. of Win-
chester Cathedral, begun by the Right Hon. Henry, Earl
of Clarendon, and continued to this time, Lon., 1715, Svo.
2. Antiquariau con. to Archæol., 1770, and in the Bibl. Top.
Brit.
Gaitskell, Wm., Surgeon. Med. and Chem. con. to
Med. Facts, 1793; Memoirs Med., 1793, '95, '99.
Galbraith, Rev. Joseph A., and Rev. Samuel
Haughton. 1. Manual of Plane Trigonometry, Lon.,
851, 12mo. 2. Manual of Arithmetic, 2d ed., 1855, fp. |
Gale, Theophilus, 1628-1678, a learned Noncon-
formist, a native of Devonshire, educated at, and Fellow
of, Magdalen Coll., Oxf., settled at Winchester, and became
a popular preacher. Refusing to conform at the Restora-
tion, he was ejected from his fellowship, travelled as tutor
with the two sons of Lord Wharton, and on his return be-
came assistant and subsequently successor to Mr. John
Rowe, who had a congregation at Holborn. He bequeathed
his library to the promotion of dissenting principles in
England. He pub. four Serms., 1671, 72, 73, 74. The
617
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|
true idea of Jansenism, 1669, Svo; a biog. notice of T.
Tregasse, 1671; Idea Theologiæ, 1673, Svo; Philosophia
Generalis, 1676, 12mo; and The Court of the Gentiles; or,
a Discourse touching the Original of Human Literature,
both Philologic and Philosophic, from the Scriptures and
Jewish Church, &c. In 4 Pts., but pub. in 5 vols., viz.
Vol. i., Pt. 1, of Philologie, Books 1, 2, 3, 2d ed., revised
and enlarged, Oxf., 1672, 4to. Vol. ii., Pt. 2, of Barbaric
and Grecanic Philosophie, Books 1, 2, 3, 4, 2d ed., enlarged,
Lon., 1676, 4to. Vol. iii., Pt. 3, The Vanity of Pagan Phi-
losophie demonstrated, Books 1, 2, 1677, 4to. Vol. iv., Pt.
4. of Reformed Philosophie, Books 1, 2, 1677, 4to. Vol. v.,
Pt. 4 continued, of Reformed Philosophie, Book 3, 1682,
It is this last part, treating of divine Predetermina-
tion, Book 3 of Pt. 4, which is so often wanting. The 1st
eds. of the 5 Pts. were pub. 1669–77. This great work
occupied the author for more than twenty years. It bad a
narrow escape from destruction by fire. See Athen. Oxon.
"They [the various parts of which the work is composed] shew
the author to have been well read in, and conversant with, the
writings of the fathers, the old philosophers, and those that have
given any account of them or their works: as also to have been a
good metaphysician and school-divine."-Athen. Ozon.
4to.
"This learned and elaborate work, after falling for a time into
obscurity, is now in great repute. The leading object of it is, to
trace all human learning, philosophy. and religion, to the ancient
Scriptures and the Jewish church. Gale certainly carries his ideas
too far; but he must be very prejudiced or stupid who does not see
that the substance of his argument is made out. The style of the
work is clumsy and verbose, the numerous quotations render it
irksome to read, and the reasonings are, in some places, obscure
and metaphysical; but it is a work of real merit and learning, and
will repay a careful examination to those who, are partial to the
kind of subjects which it discusses.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Our countryman Gale is for deriving all arts and sciences,
without exception, from the Jews. Who would not think the man
was bantering us, had he not given so sad a proof of his being in
earnest. as the writing three bulky volumes in support of these
wonderful discoveries?”—Bishop WarBURTON,
"I believe that Jacob Bryant, when writing his Ancient System
of Mythology, was much aided by Gale's Court of the Gentiles."-
DR. PARR.
"This learned work contains a vast body of information on Pa-
gan Philosophy, and the light obtained by the ancients from the
Scriptures."-Bickersteth's Chris. Stu.
Bickersteth also commends Gale's Discourse concerning
Christ's Second Coming, 1673, Svo; new ed., 1839, 18ino, as
"A very practical and useful work."
on the Original of Human Literature, with Philology and
Philosophy, will be found in Phil. Trans., vol. vi. The
portion of the Rerum Anglicarum Scriptoros veteros, edited
by him, is not thought to be equal to that edited by Wm.
Fulman: see the name. See Biog. Brit.; Knight's Lifo
of Colet; Nichols's Lit. Anec.
"The reason why I troubled you with the question to Mr. Galo
was, to know if there were such things preserved as Dean Gale's
collated books. &c., which I was sensible did not come down with
his MSS. And if they were, secondly, to know how to get at them;
for there is one or two that I should be glad to consult.”—Dr.
Taylor to Dr. Ducarel, Nov. 23, 1750: Nichols's Lit. Anec.
Galfredus Monumetensis. Anglicé, GEOFFREY
OF MONMOUTH, q. v.
Galiffe, James A. Italy and its Inhabitants: Ao-
count of a Tour, 1816-17, Lon., 1820, 2 vols. 8vo.
Galindo, Mrs. Lett. to Mrs. Siddons, 1809, Svo.
Galindus, Fortunius. Discourse of the Reasons
why the Jesuits are so generally hated, Lon., 1659, Svo.
Gall, James. 1. The End and Essence of Sabbath-
school Teaching and Family Religious Instruction, Lon.,
1829, 12mo.
We do not forget that the Ars Sciendi, 1682, 8vo, is as-
cribed to Gale by Wood, but Calamy expressly denies it
to be his. He left in MS. an unfinished lexicon and con-
cordance (in one) of the Greek Test., proposals for publish-
ing which he issued in 1678. Why does not some enter-
prising bookseller republish the Court of the Gentiles? It
is now rarely to be met with complete, and is worth not
much less than £3. See authorities cited above; also
Piog. Brit., and Brucker's Hist. of Philos.
Gate, Thomas, b. 1507, an eminent English sur-
geon, served in the army, and subsequently settled in
London, where he acquired great reputation for profes-
sional skill. 1. Treatise of Gun-shot Wounds, Lon., 1563, |
8vo. 2. Enchiridion of Chirurgerie, 1563, 8vo. 3. Trea-
tise of Gun-shot Wounds, Institution of a Chirurgeon,
Enchiridion of Surgery, and Antidotaire; all four printed
together, 1563, '86, 4to. 4. Certain Works of Galen, in
English, 1586, 4to. 5. Whole Works of John Vigo, &c.,
1586, 4to.
|
"It cannot be supposed that any of these are now of much value,
but some of them contain curious information respecting the
state of the profession at that time." See Tanner's Bibl.; Aikin's
Biog. Mem. of Med.
"Gall's system of instruction will amply repay attention "-
Bickerstelle's Chris. Stu.
2. Gosp. of St. John for the Blind, 4to. 3. Philos. of
Education, 12mo. 4-7. Help to the Acts; the Gospels;
Life of Christ; St. Luke's Gospel.
Gall, Richard, 1776-1801, a printer of Edinburgh,
gained considerable reputation as a poet. His best known
songs are My only Jo and Dearie 0, the Farewell to Ayr-
shire, There's waefu' news in yon town, As I came through
Glendochart Vale, The Braes o' Drumlic, I winna gang
back to my Minny again, and Peggy wi' the gowden hair.
The poem of Arthur's Seat has also been highly com-
mended. A vol. of his Poems and Songs, with a Memoir,
was ptib. after his death, Edin., 12mo.
The poem entitled Arthur's Seat displays, in many passages,
the fervid feeling and buoyant fancy of a true poet; and of the
songs, it is far higher praise than any criticism of ours can be
stow, to mention, that some of them have been commonly mis-
taken for genuine effusions of Burns, and that others have long
ago obtained in Scotland that extensive and settled popularity
which forms the surest test of the author's adherence to truth and
nature. A tender simplicity characterizes all his lyrical effusions."
-Edin. Mag. and Lit. Miscell.
"Gall must henceforth stand on the list next to Burns, and by
the side of Ramsay, Fergusson, Bruce, and Macneil). It is in his
songs and short effusions that Gall's name is destined to live.
There is nothing better or sweeter in the Scottish language than
some of these: and whenever Gall's songs are set to appropriate
airs, it is easy, without the spirit of prophecy, to foretell their
popularity. My only Joe and Dearie 0, and the Farewell to Aur-
O,
shire, are known to every lover of modern Scottish song."-Scotsman.
I remember when this song (My only Jo and Dearie 0] was ex-
ceedingly populir; its sweetness and ease. rather than its origi
nality and vigour, might be the cause of its success. The third
verse contains a very beautiful picture of early attachment-a
sunny bank, and some sweet soft school-girl will appear to many
a fancy when these lines are sung."-ALLAN CUNNINGHAM.
Gallagher, Matthew, printer, Trinidad.
Letters
and Documents rel. to the Impris. and Discharge of the
Author, Trinidad, 1810, 12mo.
Gallagher, William D., b. in Philadelphia in 1808,
removed to Cincinnati in 1816, and in his seventeenth
year entered the printing-office of a newspaper of that
city. There his literary talents soon attracted attention,
although the young author preserved his incognito for a
number of years; and in 1830 Mr. Gallagher formed a
connection with the Backwoodsman, a political journal
pub. at Xenia, Ohio. In 1831 he became editor of The
Cincinnati Mirror; in 1836 of The Western Literary Jour-
and Monthly Review, and in 1837 of The Western
Monthly Magazine and Literary Journal. He has since
been engaged in the management of several periodicals.
When Mr. Corwin became Secretary of the Treasury in
1849, he appointed Mr. Gallagher his confidential clerk,
and he resided in Washington until 1853, when he removed
to Louisville, Kentucky, where he was for a brief period
one of the editors of the Daily Courier. For further parti-
culars respecting this laborious son of letters we must
refer the reader to the source for which we are indebted
to the above facts-Griswold's Poets and Poetry of Ame-
rica.
Mr. Gallagher is the author of many poems, some of
which have elicited enthusiastic commendation. He has
three small vols. of his juvenile poetical composi-
tions, under the title of Errato, 1835-37, and a vol., in
1846, of the productions of maturer years. Some of his
pieces will be found in Selections from the Poetical Litera-
ture of the West, Cincinnati, 1841.
.i
Gale, Thomas, D.D., 1636–1702, father of Rogernal
and Samuel Gale, one of the most eminent of English
classical scholars, a native of Yorkshire, was educated at
Westminster school and Trin. Coll., Camb., of which he
became Fellow; Regius Prof. of Greek, 1666; Head Mas-
ter of St. Paul's School, London, 1672; Prob. of St. Paul's,
1676; Dean of York, 1697. He pub. Opuscula Mytho-
logica, Ethica, et Physica, Gr. et Lat., Svo; Historiæ
Poetic Scriptores antiqui, 8vo; Rhetores Selecti, 8vo;
Jamblichus de Mysteriis; Psalterium juxta Exemplar
Alexandrinum; Herodoti Historiarum; Ciceronis Opera;
Historia Anglicana Scriptores, fol.; Historia Britan-
nie Saxonicæ Anglo-Danica Scriptores XV., accessit
rerum et Verborum Index Locupletissimus, fol.; contains
Gildas, Eddius, Nennius, Asser, Ralph Higden, Polychro-pub.
nicon, Guil. Malmsburiensis, Jo. Wallingford, Fordunus,
Alcuinis, et aliorum.
There were pub. after his death from his MSS. a vol.
of serms. on the Holy Days of the Ch. of England, 1704,
Svo, and Antonini Itinerarium Britanniæ, pub. by his son,
1709, 4to. This is a good edit. A Discourse of Dr. Gale's
613
The poems of Mr. Gallagher are numerous, various, and of very
unequal merit. Some are exquisitely modulated, and in every
respect finished with excellent judgment, while others are in-
?
GAL
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harmonious, inelegant, and betray unmistakeable signs of careless
bess. His most unstudied performances, however, are apt to be
forcible and picturesque, fragrant with the freshness of western
woods and fields. aud instinct with the aspiring and determined
life of the race of western inen. The poet of a new country is natu-
rally of the party of progress; his noblest theme is man, and his
highest law. liberty."-R. W. GRISWOLD, ubi supra. And see
Southern Literary Messenger. Iv. 452.
Gallatin, Albert, 1761-1849, a native of Geneva,
einigrated to America in his nineteenth year, and, entering
into political life, became, in 1790, a member of the Penn-
sylvania Legislature; in 1792, a member of the national
House of Representatives; in 1793, U. States Senator; in
1801, Secretary of the U. States Treasury; in 1813, com-
missioner to Ghent; subsequently, minister from the U.
States to France, the Netherlands, and England, succes-
sively. He had great natural powers and enlarged erudi-
tion, and devoted much attention to ethnology, philology,
and political economy. He pub. an Indian Vocabulary-
a subject in which he took a lively and intelligent inte-
rest;-Views of the Public Debt in 1801; Reports and
Letters rel. to the U. States Bank, 1810, '11; Considera-
tions on the Currency and Banking System of the U.
States, 1831; The Right of the U. S. of Amer. to the
North-Eastern Boundary claimed by them, 1840, '43;
some historical and other papers. He died at Astoria,
New York, in 1849. Some interesting reminiscences of
Gallatin will be found in Judge Story's Life and Letters.
He is a most industrious and indefatigable man, and, by the
consent of all parties, of accomplished genius and great acquire
ments.... Let me say he is a truly great
side by side with Alexander Hamilton. Mr. Gallatin preserved
a purity of character that is as valuable in a politician as it is rare.
A man of great learning, he daily adds weight to his counsels, and
glory to his name."-JUDGE STORY, ubi supra.
看​曲
​•
See N. Amer. Rev., lii. 424–452; Democratic Rev., with
portrait, xii. 641; Banker's Mag., Boston, iv. 773; an in-
teresting sketch by "Sentinel," originally pub. in the N.
York Courier and Inquirer, in the Living Age, Boston,
xxiii. 324; Reminiscences of Albert Gallatin, by John
Russell Bartlett, N. York, 1849.
Gallaudet, Rev. Thomas H., LL.D., 1787-1851,
a native of Philadelphia, late Principal of the Connecticut
Asylum, U. States, for the Education of the Deaf and
Dumb. 1. XVI. Discourses, Lon., 1818, Svo.
"Admirable specimens of composition for the pulpit; equally
remote from coldness and enthusiasm; animated, interesting, and
judicious."—Lon. Chris. Observer.
2. Bible Stories for the Young, 1838, 18mo.
"A series of Scripture Stories for the Young, told in the Author's
own winning manner."-Sunday-School Teacher's Mag., Oct. 1838.
3. The Child's Book of the Soul, 3d ed., 1850, 18mo.
Dr. G. also pub. The Youth's Book of Natural Theo-
logy, N. York, 1852, a Family and School Dictionary, (in
conjunction with Horace Hooker,) &c. For an account
of his Life, Character, and Public Services, see the Dis-
course so entitled, by H. Barnard, Hartford, 1852, 8vo,
and Barnard's Tribute to Gallaudet, N. York, 1852. Not
only as an author, but also as a most intelligent instructor
of the deaf and dumb, Mr. Gallaudet was a man of eminent
usefulness. A review of Mr. G.'s serms. will be found in
the Christian Monthly Spectator, New Haven, i. 27. See
also Life by Rev. H. Humphrey, D.D., N. York, 1857, 12mo.
Keviewed in N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1858, by 0. Tiffany.
Gallaway, Wm. Serms., 1692, '94, '97.
Galley, George. Live Stock, Lon., 1786, Svo.
Galliard. The Hymn of Adam and Eve, out of Mil-
ton, set to music, Lon., 1728.
Galliard, Bradshaw. Odes, Lon., 1774, 4to.
Gallimore, Francis. Serm., 1694, 4to.
Gallison, John, 1788–1820, a native of Marblehead,
Massachusetts, a nephew of Chief Justice Sewall, educated
at Cambridge University, practised law for a brief period
in his native town, and subsequently removed to Boston,
where, for a year or two, he edited the Weekly Messenger.
In addition to his excellent Reports, he pub. an Address
to the Peace Society, 1820, &c. Reports of Cases in Cir.
Ct. U. States, 1st Cir., 1812-15; vol. i., 1815; vol. ii., 1817.
2d ed., with addit. Notes and References, Boston, 1845, 2
vols. Svo. Of the judgments of Mr. Justice Story during
his circuits in 1812 and 1813, (see vol. i.,) only four wero
reversed by the Supreme Court; and of the judgments re-
corded in vol. i., no one was reversed. The leading cases
in vol. i. are, The Rapid, The Grotius, The Julia, The Alli-
gator, and U. S. v. Wouson, all involving questions in Ad-
miralty and Prize Law, as do most of the cases in this vol.
The leading cases in vol. ii. are, Maissonnaire v. Keating,
The Invincible, The Jerusalem, and the celebrated case of
De Lovio v. Boit.
"I should omit doing justice to my own feelings, as well as to
the cause of truth, if I were not to select the decisions in Gallison's
!
1
¦
and Mason's Reports. as specimens of pre-eminent merit. They
may fairly be placed upon a level with the best productions of the
English Admiralty, for deep and accurate learning, as well as for
the highest ability and wisdom in decision."-3 Kent, 20; 2: 527.
Judge Story sent these volumes (1st ed.) to Sir William
Scott, who thus acknowledged their receipt:
"I have received with great pleasure the volumes of Reports,
and am very glad to add my testimony to the acuteness and learn.
ing which are everywhere displayed in them. It is highly gratify.
ing to us to see the same principles to which we think we owe so
much in England, still adhered to in America, and built upon as
occasion may require, with equal zeal, but with equal caution in
all the deductions.”—Sir William Scott to Judge Story, London, July
2, 1818. The Life and Letters of Joseph Story, i. 307.
From the same interesting work we extract the following
anecdote:
“At an evening club, where Sir James Mackintosh was present
with Lord Stowell, (then Sir William Scott) Sir William Grant
fume of the Reports of the excellent and lamented Gallison, and
came in with a book in his pocket, which was no other than a vo-
which he drew out rather archly, observing to Sir William Scott,
This Mr. Story appears to be a promising pupil;' adding, 'You
must not expect these doctrines of yours to be confined to one
belligerent power, but they must make the tour of all the belli-
gerents. This was done by Sir William Grant, as Sir James Mack-
intosh said. with malice prepense.'
199
To Gallison's Report of Judge Story's decisions must be
added those of WILLIAM P. MASON, (q. v.,) Boston, 1836,
5 vols. 8vo, and those of CHARLES SUMNER, (q. v.,) 1851,
3 vols. 8vo.
In Judge Story's admirable address upon the Progress
of Jurisprudence, delivered before the Members of the
Suffolk Bar, Sept. 4, 1821, will be found an eloquent tri-
bute to the virtues of Gallison, who had died in the pre-
ceding year. We append an extract:
"I will not dwell upon his distinguished talents and virtues,
his blameless innocence of life. his elevated piety, his unwearied
diligence, his extensive learning, his ardent devotion to literature,
his active benevolence, exhausting itself in good deeds. and 'blush-
ing to find it fame. You knew him well, and your sympathies
But I may propose him as an example, polished, if not perfect. of
have mingled with the tears and sorrows that embalm his memory.
that excellence which the studies I have this day ventured to re-
commend. are calculated to produce."
See also The Character of Mr. Gallison, by W. Phillips,
in the N. Amer. Rev., xii. 424, and a Memoir of Mr. G., in
the Christian Disciple, Boston, iii. 15.
Galloway, Lieut.-Col. On the Law and Constitu-
tion of India, Lon., Svo.
Galloway, George. 1. The Admirable Crichton; a
Trag., 1802, 8vo. 2. The Battle of Luncarty; a Hist. Play,
1806, 12mo.
Galloway, John Cole. 1. Serm., 1779, 8vo. 2.17
Serms., Lon., 1785, Svo.
Galloway, Joseph, 1730-1803, a native of England,
became an eminent lawyer in Pennsylvania, was a speaker
of the House of Assembly, and subsequently a member of
the first Congress, 1774. He was opposed to the separa-
tion of the colonies from Great Britain, joined the British
Army, and in 1778 went to England; deserting an estate,
according to his statement before the House of Commons
in 1779, (pub. Lon., 1779, Svo,) worth more than £40.000.
He pub. several tracts respecting the war and its conduct,
and some other works.
and some other works. 1. Speech in answer to John Dick-
inson, Lon. and Phila., 1764, Svo. 2. Candid Examina-
tion, N. York, 1775, 8vo; Lon., 1780, Svo. 3. Letters to a
Nobleman, 1779, Svo. 4. Reply to Sir Wm. Howe, 1780,
Svo. 5. Cool Thoughts, 1780, Svo. 6. Hist. and Polit. Re-
flec., 1780, Svo. 7. Letter to Lord Howe, 1780. S. Com-
ment. upon the Revelation, &c., 1802, Svo. 9. Prophet.
and Anticipated Hist. of Rome, 1803, Svo. See Franklin's
Works; Lon. Monthly Rev.; Sabine's Hist. of the Royal-
ists; Curwen's Jour., edited by Ward; Trumbull's McFin-
gal, Canto III.
A new ed. of Galloway's Exam., by a Comes of the House
of Commons, has just made its appearance, Phila., 1855,
r. Svo. It is reprinted by the Council of the Seventy-six
Society, edited by Thomas Balch, Esq., a lawyer of Phila.,
to whom the public is also indebted for Letters and Papers
relating chiefly to the Provincial Hist. of Penna. Pri-
vately printed, Phila., 1855, 12mo, and other valuable his.
torical papers.
Galloway, Patrick. See GALOWAY.
Galloway, Robert. Poems, Glasg., 1788, 12mo.
Galloway, Robert. 1. Manual of Quantitative Ana-
lysis, Lon., 1850, p. Svo.
This is really a valuable little book. We have not for a long
time met with an introductory Manual which so completely fulfils
its intention."-Lo. Athenæum.
2. The First Step in Chemistry, 1851, p. 8vo.
"We heartily commend this unpretending and useful work to the
heads of scholastic establishments, and to others who are anxious
to initiate their pupils into the principles of a most fascinating and
most useful branch of human knowledge."-Lon. Jour. of Medicine.
649
GAL
GAM
Galloway, Wm. Brown, Curate of Barnard Castle.struction fresh and precise upon our minds. And this is saying a
1. Philos. and Relig., revised ed., Lon., 1842, Svo. 2. The great deal, when we consider the catalogue of his writings. Indeed,
his mind is such, that it cannot give out any thing belonging to
Gate of Prophecy, 1846, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Vow of the Gi-
it, which partakes not of its original nature. Strong, and what is
leadite; a Lyric Narrative, 1846, fp. Svo.
called rough good sense is ever there; familiar but most expressive
thoughts find similar illustrations most readily with him, which
we presume could not have been improved by long study. . . . Ile
is, besides, strictly a moral as well as remarkably entertaining
writer."-Lon. Month. Rev., vol. xxiv.. N. S., 1833, 249–267.
"The fine flowing style in which it is written, and the pure and
hallowed feeling which seems to have dictated every line. are quali-
ties sufficient to ensure for this Poem a lasting reputation.”
5. The Messiah Theo-
4. An Apocalyptic Chart, 1852.
logically and Practically Contemplated, 1854, Svo.
Gallup, James, M.D. Sketches of Epidemic Diseases
in the State of Vermont to 1815, 1816, Svo.
Gally, Henry, D.D., 1696-1769, Lecturer of St. Paul's,
Covent-Garden, 1721; Preb. of Gloucester, 1728. 1. Two
Serins., Lon., 1723, Svo. 2. The Moral Characters of Theo-
phrastus, from the Greek, 1725, Svo. 3. Church and Col-
lege Fines, 1731, Svo. In answer to EVERARD FLEETWOOD,
7. v. 4. Serm., 1739, 4to. 5. Clandes. Marriages, 1750, '51,
Svo. 6. Dissert. ags. pronouncing Greek according to Ac-1813, Svo.
cents, 1754, '55, Svo. 7. Second Dissert. on do., 1762, Svo.
Galoway, or Galloway, Patrick. His Catechisme,
Lon., 15S8, Svo.
Galpine, Calvin. Serms., 1721, 8vo; 1722, 4to.
Galpine, John. Serms., 1703, Svo.
Galpine, John. A Synoptical Compend of British
Botany, Salisb., 1805, 12mo; Lon., 1806, 12mo; Liverp.,
1819, 12mo. New ed., Lon., 1854, 12mo.
“The most complete book of the kind on so small a scale, in the
English language."-Lowndes's Bibl. Mun.
Galt, John, 1779-1839, a native of Ayrshire, educated
at Greenock, proving unfortunate in trade in London, com-
menced the study of the law, which he soon forsook for
letters. He acted for some time as agent to a company for
establishing emigrants in Canada, (see his novel of Lawrie
Todd,) but quarrelled with the Government, and was sus-
pended by the Canada Company. After his return to Eng-
land he supported himself by the labours of a most prolific
pen.
The following list of works, many of them in two and
three vols. each, exhibits a life of great literary industry.
1. Four Tragedies, viz.: Maddalen, Agamemnon, Lady
Macbeth, Antonio and Clytemnestra. Severely criticized
in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xi. 33-41. 2. Voyages and Travels
in 1809, '10, '11. 3. Life of Wolsey, 1812. Severely cri-
ticized in the Lon. Quar. Rev., viii. 163–172. 4. Reflec. on
Polit. and Commercial Subjects. 5. Letters from the Le-
vant, 1813.
6. Life and Studies of Benj. West, 1816, and
Pt. 2. 7. The Majolo, 1816. 8. Pictures from Eng., Scotch,
and Irish Hist 9. The Wandering Jew. 10. Andrew of
Padua. 11. The Earthquake. 12. The Ayrshire Legatees,
1820. 13. The Annals of the Parish, 1821. Highly com-
mended by Sir Walter Scott; see his Life. 14. Sir An-
15. The Entail. 16. The Steam-Boat. 17.
drew Wylie. 15. The Entail.
The Provost thought by Galt to be his best novel. 18.
Ringan Gilhaize. 19. The Spaewife. 20. Rothelan.
21. The Last of the Lairds. 22. Lawrie Todd. 23. South-
ennan. 24. Guide to the Canadas, by A. Picken. 25. The
Omen, 1824. 26. Eben Erskine.
26. Eben Erskine. 27. Glenfell. 28. Lives
of the Players. 29. The Bachelor's Wife. 30. Rocking-
Horse. 31. Gathering of the West. 32. Poems. 33. The
Member.
35. Stories of the Study.
34. The Radical.
36. Apotheosis of Sir Walter Scott. 37. New British
Theatre. 38. Memoirs of George the Third. 39. Life of
Lord Byron, 1830. 40. Bogle Corbet, 1831. 41. Stanley
Buxton, 1832. 42. The Stolen Child, 1833. 43. Autobio-
graphy of John Galt, 1833. 44. Literary Life and Mis-
cellanies, 1834. Mr. Galt also edited an edit. of Henry
Mackenzie's Works, and engaged in other literary labours.
In addition to the authorities cited above, see Lon.
Quar. Rev., vii. 297, xxvi. 364; Ed. Rev., xxiii. 40;
Westm. Rev., xii. 405, xiii. 345, xvi. 321, xvii. 182; Fra-
ser's Mag., i. 236, ii. 555; Lon. Month. Rev., cxxxii. 249;
Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1839, 92-94; N. Amer. Rev., by
Willard Phillips, xxxi. 380; Life of the Rev. Sydney
Smith, vol. ii.; Madden's Life of the Countess of Bless-
ington; Mrs. Thompson's Recollec. of Lit. Characters, etc.
There is a thorough quaintness of phrase and dialogue in Mr.
Galt's best works, which places him apart from all other Scotch
novelists; much knowledge of life, variety of character. liveliness
and humour, are displayed in these novels, and render them justly
popular. This humour and truth were recognised as admirable
by Sir Walter Scott. The public will not soon forget his Ayrshire
Legatees, his Annals of the Parish, nor the Entail; which last
we think one of his best novels. Mr. Galt's biographies, and
many of his other later works, manufactured for the booksellers,
are of a very different character.”—Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1839,
93-94.
be
"According to our judgment, he has never written better than
second-rate books; though we have ever found. in what we consi-
dered his worst pieces, something of his best self, and something
which carried us through the whole, at the same time leaving in-
"He has no classic predilections, and sets up no favourite au-
thor as a model; he aims at no studied elegance of phrase, cares
nothing for formal accuracy of costume, seems not at all solicitous
about the dignity of human nature, and thinks chivalry a joke.
He leaves all these matters to take care of themselves, and sets to
work to read us a chapter of living life, like one sure of securing
listeners.”—ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog, and Crit. Hist. of the
Lit. of the last Fifty Years.
Galt, Matthew. Serms., 1807, 8vo.
Galton. Conformity required by Law, 1705, 8vo.
Galton, S. T. Chart of Notes, Bullion, &c., Lon.,
On Canal Levels, in Thom. Ann.
Galton, Saml.
Philos.. 1817.
Gam, David. Adminis. of Wm. Pitt, Lon., 1797, 8vo.
Gamage, Wm. Linsi-Woolsie; or, two Centuries
of Epigrammes, Oxf., 1613, 12mo.
"Another title-page bears the date of 1621; but it is rather un-
likely that such trash should go through a second impression."-
Bill. Brit.
Surely much "trash" has gone through many "impres-
sions."
Gamage, Wm., M.D., of Boston, Mass., d. 1818,
aged 37. He pub. several articles in the N. E. Jour. of
Med., and some account of the fever of 1817-18, with some
remarks on typhus.
Gambado, Geoffrey. See BUNBURY, HENRY.
Gambier, Sir E. J. Parochial Settlement, 2d ed.
by J. Greenwood, Lon., 1835, 12mo.
Gambier, Rev. Jas. Ed. Introduc. to the Study of
Moral Evidences, Lon., 1806, '0S, '10, Svo.
"A work of sound interesting argument."-Bickersteth's Chris.
Stu.
1850, 12mo. 2. Paul the Apostle, 1851, 12mo.
Gamble, Rev. H. J. 1. Scripture Baptism, Lon.,
"The book is well adapted under the Divine blessing to create
and foster a healthy and manly piety."-Lon. Christian Times.
Gamble, John. Songs and Dialogues by Tho.
Stanley, set to Musick, Lon., 1657, fol.
Gamble, John. 1. Communication by Signals, Lon.,
1797, 4to. 2. Dublin and the N. of Ireland in 1810, '11,
Svo: do. in 1812, '13, Svo.
"Always agreeable and often edifying."-Lon. Crit. Rev., 1813.
"Of a very ordinary description-low scenes and low humour
making up the principal part of the narrative."-Rev. Sydney
SMITH Edin. Rev., 1820.
3. Sarsfield; a Tale, 1814, 3 vols. 12mo. 4. Howard; a
Nov., 1815, 2 vols. 12mo.
Gambeld, W. Welsh Grammar, Carm., 1727, 8vo.
Fratrum, or Moravian Brethren, was a native of South
Gambold, John, d. 1771, a bishop among the Unitas
Wales, and educated at Christ Church, Oxford. He was
for some time a clergyman of the Church of England. He
pub. an ed. of the Greek Test., a number of Discourses,
editor, and was one of the principal translators from the
He was professedly the
poems, hymns, a tragedy, &c.
High Dutch, of Crantz's History of Greenland, 1767, 2 vols.
8vo; with continuation, 1820, 2 vols. 8vo.
"As to Greenland, (making mention of Torfæus hereafter,) may
I not rest satisfied with the exclusive recommendation of the
translation (by the pious and learned Gambold) from the high
Dutch of old Crantz in 1767, 2 vols. 8vo, with cuts-worth about
18s. 8d."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
Works, with Life, Bath, 1789, 8vo. New ed., with Essay
by Thomas Erskine, Esq., Advocate, Glasg., 1822, 12mo.
"It is impossible to read Gambold's works without being con-
vinced that he enjoyed much communion with God. and was much
conversant with heavenly things, and that hence he had imbibed
much of the spirit, and caught much of the tone, of the glorified
church above."
"The specimens you have presented of his writings give me a
high opinion of his genius, and there are occasional flashes in his
poetry of great brilliancy and power. The Mystery of Life' con-
tains some exquisite touches, and cannot but recall to every man
who has indulged in musings beyond this sublunary scene some
of those thoughts which have passed before him in an unearthly
form, as he has communed with bis own soul."-Judge Joseph
Story to Rev. John Bruzer, Nov. 10, 1836. Story's Life and Letters,
il. 239. See Nichols's Lit. Anec.
·
Gammell, William, b. 1812, at Medfield, Mass., is
a son of Rev. William Gammell, who was settled at New-
port, R. I. The subject of this notice graduated at Brown
University, Providence, R. I., in 1831, was appointed
Professor of Rhetoric in that University in 1836, and in
1850 was transferred to the chair of History and Poli-
tical Economy, which he still occupies, (1858.) 1. L‹fo «f'
650
GAM
GAR
Roger Williams, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 2d series, vol. iv.,
and afterwards in a separate vol. See this reviewed in
N. Amer. Rev., lxi. 1–20. 2. Life of Samuel Ward, Go-
vernor of Rhode Island, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 2d se-
ries, vol. iv. 3. Hist. of the Amer. Baptist Missions,
Boston, 12mo.
Extract from the Certificate of Rev. Drs. Cone, Sharp,
and Chase, Committee appointed by the Missionary Union
to examine the Work:
6.
The undersigned having been requested by the Executive
Committee of the Missionary Union to read, in manuscript, Prof.
Gammell's History of American Baptist Missions, are happy to
state that, in our opinion, the work is well adapted to accomplish
the important purposes for which it was written. Such a history
we think to be much needed, and worthy of being read by all. It
exhibits gratifying evidence of research, fidelity and skill. It sets
efore the reader, in a lucid manner, facts that should never be
forgotten. Some of them in power to awaken attention and touch
the heart, could scarcely be surpassed by fiction."
And see a review of this work in N. Amer. Rev., 1xx.
57-78. Mr. Gammell has also pub. several discourses,
&c., and contributed many articles to Reviews, especially
to the Christian Review, Boston, of which he was for three
or four years associate editor.
Games, John. Gardening, 1724, 4to.
Gammon, John. Discourse, 1738, 12mo.
Gamon, Hannibal. Serin., Lon., 1629, 4to.
Gander, Gregory, Knt. Poet. Tales, Bath, 1779,sm.4to.
Gander, Joseph. 1. Fishery, Lon., 1699, Svo. 2. R.
Navy, 1703, 4to. 3. Q. Anne's Sovereignty of the Sea as-
serted, 1703, 4to.
+
Gandolphy, Peter, 1760 ?-1821, a R. Cath. priest.
1. The Ancient Faith, Lon., 1812, Svo.
8vo. 3, 4. Letters to H. Marsh. D.D.,
Serms., 1813, 8vo. 6. Serm., 1813, 4to.
writer are highly esteemed by many
2. Liturgy, 1812,
1812, '13, Svo. 5.
The works of this
members of his
church.
Gandon, James, 1760-1824, an architect, edited the
Vitruvius Britannicus, 3 vols. fol., &c. See his Life, with
notices of contemp. artists, Lon., 1847, 8vo.
Gandy, Henry. Govt. of England, Lon., 1705, 8vo.
Gandy, Henry. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1709-12.
Gandy, Joseph. 1. Designs for Cottages, &c., Lon.,
1805, 4to. 2. Rural Architect, 1806, 4to.
Gane, John. Serm., 1728, Sro.
Ganly, T. J. Trans. of M. Girard's Treatise on the
Teeth of the Horse, Lon.
26 The above useful treatise is calculated to be of considerable
service in the present state of our knowledge. We recommend the
work to the Amateur, the Practitioner, and the Veterinary Stu-
dent."-Lon. Lancet.
Gannett, Rev. Caleb, 1745-1818. Observ. on an
Eclipse; Aurora Borealis ; Trans. Amer. Acad., vols. i. and ii.
Gano, Rev. John, d. 1804, aged 77. Mem. of his
Life, 1806, 12mo.
Gapper, E. P. Con. to Memoirs Med., 1805.
Gar., Bar. See GARTER, Barnard.
Garbett, James, Archdeacon of Chichester, Prof.
of Poetry, Oxford. 1. Christ as Prophet, Priest and King;
8 Lects. at Bampton Lect., 1842, Lon., 1842, 2 vols. Svo.
“An able, learned, and valuable publication, the fruits of many
years' study and reflection."—Lon. Chris. Observ.
3. Review
2. Parochial Serms., 1843, '44, 2 vols. Svo.
of Dr. Pusey's serm., and the doctrine of the Eucharist,
1843, Svo.
4. De Re Poetica Prælectiones Academicæ,
1846. 5. De Re Critica Prælectiones Academicæ, 1847.
6. Christ on Earth, in Heaven, and on the Judgment-Seat,
1847, 2 vols. 12mo.
"No one can read these volumes without great delight and pro-
fit."-Lon. Chris. Observ.
7. The Beatitudes of the Mount, in 17 Serms., 1853, p. Svo.
“As a poet, a scholar, a theologian, and a Christian, Archdeacon
Garbett is more than usually qualified for such a task as that
which he has bere imposed on himself. His rich and flowing style
is well adapted to the grandeur and beauty of his subject, and we
frequently meet with passages of great and philosophical depth, as
well as great oratorical powers."-Ch. of Eng. Quar. Rev.
Prof. Garbett has also pub. a number of occasional
serms., letters, &c., 1843-53.
Garbutt, Richard. Theolog. treatises, 1669, 75, '99.
Garde, Richard. 1. Law of Evidence, Lon., 1830,
12mo. 2. Rules of Pleading, 2d ed., 1841, 8vo.
Garden, Alex. Scottish Kings, Edin., 1709, 4to.
Garden, Alex., 1685-1756, a clergyman of the Epis-
copal Church, resided many years in Charleston, S. C.
1. Six Lett. to Whitefield, 1740. 2. Justification. 3. Two
Serms., 1742.
|
See Ramsay's Biog. Sketches, in his Hist. of S. Carolina,
vol. ii.
Garden, Alex., M.D., 1730-1791, a native of Edin-
burgh, resided in Charleston, S. C., 1750-S3. 1. Med.
properties of the Virginia Pink Root, 1764, '72. 2. Con.
to Ess. Pbvs. and Lit., 1771. 3. To Phil. Trans., 1775. |
Garden, Charles, D.D. An Improved Version at-
tempted of the Book of Job, Lon., 1796, 8vo.
"It is not, I have reason to think, a book of any importance."-
Orme's Bibl. Bib.
..
analysis of it in the British Critic, O. S., vol. ix., pp. 168-175."—
A book of great pretensions, but indifferent execution. See an
Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Garden, Francis, Lord Gardenstone, 1721-1793, a
Scottish Judge. 1. Travelling Memoranda, Lon., 1792–95,
3 vols. 12mo. 2. Miscellanies in Prose and Verse, Edin.,
1791, 12mo.
1791, 12mo. 3. Lett. to the Inhabitants of Laurencekirk.
"Containing much salutary advice.”—Bibl. Brit.
See Sinclair's Statis. Reports; Life prefixed to the last
vol. of his Memoranda; Encyc. Brit.
Garden, Francis. 1. Vindic. of the Scot. Episcopate,
Edin., 1847, 8vo. 2. Discourses on Heavenly Knowledge
and Heavenly Love, 1848, 8vo. 3. Lectures on the Beati-
tudes, 1853, 12mo. 4. Four Serms. on the Present Crisis,
1854, 12mo.
Garden, George, M.D. Con. to Phil. Trans. on nat.
philos., &c., 1677-96.
Garden, James, D.D., Prof. of Theol., King's Coll.,
Aberd. Circular Monuments in Scotl.; in Archæol.. 1776.
Garden, James. Hist. of Henry III., last of the
House of Valois, K. of France, Lon., 1783, 8vo.
Gardener, Thomas. Art of Embalming, 4to.
Gardenor, Wm. 1. Articled Clerk's Assist., Lon.,
1839, 12mo. 2. Direc. for Drawing Abstracts of Title, 2d
ed., 1847, 12mo.
Gardenstone, Lord. See GARDEN, FRANCIS.
Gardiner, Capt. A. F., "the Patagonian martyr."
1. Missionary Journey to the Zoolu Country in 1835, Lon.,
1836, 8vo. 2. Visit to Indians on the Frontiers of Chili,
1841, p. 8vo. 3. A Voice from South America, 1847, 12ino.
Gardiner, Edmund. Trial of Tobacco; expressing
its uses in Physic, Lon., 1610, 4to.
Gardiner, J. Excur. from London to Dover, with
acct. of Manufactures, &c., Lon., 1806, 2 vols. 12mo.
Gardiner, James, Bishop of Lincoln.
Lon., 1695, 4to. 2. Advice, 1697, 4to. 3. Serm., 1701, 4to.
Gardiner, James. Serms., 1696–1713.
1, Serm.,
Gardiner, James, Sub-Dean of Line. 1. Serm., Lon.,
1713, Svo. 2. Expos. of the Serm. on the Mount, 1720, Svo.
Gardiner, John. Circ. of the Blood, 1700, '02, 4to.
Gardiner, John. Serm., 1752, 4to.
Gardiner, John, M.D. 1. Animal Economy, Edin.,
1784, Svo. 2. Gout, &c., 1793, Sro. 3. Essays, 1803, '04,
2 vols. Svo. 4. Con. to Ess. Phys. and Lit., 1771.
Gardiner, John, D.D., Rector of Brailsford, and Vi-
car of Shirley, Derbyshire, pub. a number of occasional
serms., 1793-1811, and a vol. of serms. preached at Bath,
1802, Svo.
6.
· A volume by Dr. Gardiner, the eloquent preacher of Bath. dis-
plays an union of Argument and Eloquence not often met with
in English Sermons."-CLAPHAM.
Divines: his work, therefore, partakes of some of their imperfec-
"We perceive that he is an admirer and imitator of the French
tions, but has also many of their excellencies.”—Lon. Chris. Übserv.
Gardiner, John Smallman. The Art and Pleasure
of Hare Hunting, Lon., 1750, Svo. An extended ed. of
this pamphlet was pub. by Wm. Blake, 1781, 'SS, Svo.
Gardiner, John Sylvester John, D.D., 1765-1830,
an Episcopal minister, Rector of Trinity Church, Boston,
Mass., was a native of South Wales. He died at Harrow-
gate, England, where he was residing on account of his
health. He pub. a number of serms. and theolog. treatises,
IS02-13. See Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. and autho-
rities there cited.
Gardiner, Ralph. England's Grievance discovered
in rel. to the Coal Trade, Lon., 1655, 4to.
Gardiner, Richard, 1591–1670, Canon of Christ Ch.,
1629; Chaplain to Charles I., 1630. 1. Occas. Serms., 1622-
75. 2. Specimen Oratorium, 1653, '57, '62, '68, '75, Svo.
3. 16 Serms., 1659, 8vo.
"A quaint preacher and orator.”—Athen. Oxon,
Gardiner, Richard. Elegy, &c., Lon., 1754, fol.
Gardiner, Capt. Richard. 1. Exped. to the W.
Indies, 1759, Birm., 1762, 4to. 2. Siego of Quebec, Lon.,
1761, 4to. 3. Lett. to Sir Harbord, 1778, Svo.
Gardiner, or Gardner, Richard. Answer to a Nar-
ration by Jas. Poole, 1805, Svo.
Gardiner, Samuel, D.D. Theolog. treatises, 1597-
1611.
Gardiner, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, 1660-S1.
Gardiner, Samuel. Visit. Serm., 1672, 4to.
Gardiner, Samuel. Exam. of Pius's Creed, Lon
1689, fol. In Gibson's Preservative, xiv. 242.
631
GAR
GAR
•
|
Gardiner, Stephen, 1483-1555, a native of Bury
St. Edmund's, educated at Trinity Hall, Camb., became
Secretary to Cardinal Wolsey. In 1527, in company with
Edward Fox, he visited Rome, and made an ineffectual
attempt to persuade the pope to consent to the divorce of
Henry VIII. from Queen Catherine. He however aided
bis royal master in the prosecution of his wicked design,
and was made Secretary of State, and in 1531 Bishop of
Winchester. Being opposed to the Reformation, he was
imprisoned under Edward VI., but restored to his bishopric
upon the accession of Queen Mary, and in 1553 made Lord
Chancellor and Prime Minister. He used his power for
the purposes of persecution, and the Protestants found in
him a most determined foe. He was a man of great learn-
ing, judgment, and tact, and deeply versed in the know-
ledge of human nature. 1. De vera Obedientia, Lon., 1534,
'35, 4to. In English, by M. Wood, Roan, 1553, 12mo.
With Bonner's Pref., Hamb., 1536, Svo. 2. A Necessary
Doctrine of a Christian Man, 1543. 3. Sacrament of the
Aulter, 1551, 8vo. He also pub. some tracts rel. to Bucer,
&c., 1544-54. He wrote a number of letters to Smith and
Cheke, respecting the proper pronunciation of the Greek
tongue. See an account of this controversy in Baker's
Reflections on Learning.
!
Roger Ascham, with a courtly address, declares, that though
the knights shew themselves better critics, yet Gardiner's letters
manifest a superior genius, and were only liable to censure, from
his entering further into a dispute of this kind, than was neces-
sary for a person of his dignity."
66
Godwin and Parker say that he died repeating these
words: "Erravi cum Petro, et non filevi cum Petro."
"He was to be traced like the fox; and, like the Hebrew, was to
be read backwards.”—Lloyd's State Worthies.
See Biog. Brit.; Strype's Cranmer, and also his Annals
and Memorials; Burnet; Fox; Collier; Gilpin; Heylin;
Dodd.
Gardiner, W. See GIBBON, Edward.
Gardiner, Wm. Expos. of Two Prophecies, 8vo.
Gardiner, Wm. Logarithms, Lon., 1752, 4to.
Gardiner, Wm. The Sultana, in 5 Acts, 1806, '09.
Gardiner, Wm., is favourably known as the author
of Music of Nature, Music and Friends, Sights in Italy, &c.
Gardner, Augustus K., M.D., a physician of New
York, a son of Samuel Jackson Gardner, (see post,) is the
author of Old Wine in New Bottles; or, Spare Hours of a
Student in Paris, N. Y., 1848, 12mo. He has pub. a num-
ber of med. tracts and essays.
Gardner, Charles K., U. S. Army. A Dictionary of
all officers who have been commissioned, or have been ap-
pointed and served in the Army of the United States, 1789-
1853, with other matter, N. York, 1853, 12mo, pp. 587.
This useful work is the result of the labour of four years.
Gardner, D. Pereira. Medical Chemistry, Lon.,
1848, p. 8vo; Phila., 1848, &c., 12mo. Other works.
Gardner, Edward, M.D. Reflections rel. to Pop.,
Provisions, &c., Lon., 1800, 8vo. 2. Inoculation, 1801, 8vo.
Gardner, George, M.D. Travels in the Interior of
Brazil, 1836-41, Lon., 1846, Svo; 2d ed., 1847.
"Not satisfied with the mere exploration of the coasts he plunged
into the interior as far to the west as the tributaries of the Amazon,
and from near the equator to the 23d degree of south latitude.
Some of the regions which he visited have seldom been trod by
Europeans-never by Englishmen."-Lon. Athenæum.
Gardner, J. Student's Guide to the Inner Temple,
2d ed.; Lon., 1823, 12mo.
Gardner, John. Con. to Med. Com., 1777.
Gardner, John, M.D. Familiar Letters on Chemis-
try, by Justus Liebig, M.D., edited by J. G., 1st and 2d
series, Lon., 1841-45, 2 vols. fp. Svo.
"That the public will discover its merits, and that it will find its
way into the drawing-room as well as the library, and be equally
prized by the advanced man of science and the student, we ven-
ture to say is certain; and it must increase the respect entertained
for chemistry wherever it is read.”—Lon. Chemical Gazelle.
Gardner, L. P. 1. Serm. 2. Education, 1803, 12mo.
Gardner, Richard. See GARDINER.
Gardner, Samuel Jackson, b. at Brookline, Mass.,
1788, a contributor and for some time editor of the Newark
Daily Advertiser, has written many essays for periodicals,
under the signatures of Decius and other titles. His writ-
ings have never been collected. See Duyckincks' Cyc. of
Amer. Lit.
2.
Gardner, Thomas. 1. Roads in Eng. and Wales,
Lon., 1719, 4to. 2. Hist. Acct. of Dunwich, Blithburgh,
and Southwold, 1754, 4to.
Gardner, or Gardiner, W. Poems, &c., 1813-15.
Gardner, Wm. Serms., 1726, '45.
Gardnor, John. 1. Serm., Lon., 1799, 4to. 2. J. G.
and R. G., Jr., Views near the Rhine at Aix-la-Chapelle,
&c., 1788, '92, 4to.
Gardyner, George. Description of America and the
people, Lon., 1651, 12mo.
Garencieres, Theophilus. General Instructions;
Divine, Moral, Historical, &c., York, 1728, 8vo.
We pro-
sume this author to have been a son of Theophilus De
Garencieres, a native of Paris, a physician, first at Caon
and afterwards in London, and the author of some medical
and other works. See Bibl. Brit.; Wood's Fasti: Rees's Cyc.
Garencieres, Theophilus De. See preceding article.
Garey, Samuel. 1. Serm., Lon., 1615, 4to. 2. Little
Calendar; or, Triple Diary, 1618, 4to.
Garfield, J. Trans. of the Dialogues on Polygamy
by Bernardin Ochinus.
Garioch, George. 1. Serms., Doct. and Prac., Edin.,
Svo. 2. Association; or, the Progress of Feeling; a Poem
in four books, 1839, 12mo.
Mag.
"The author has evidently cultivated the spirit of genuine poetry,
and with it that of philosophy and true religion."Lon. Evangel.
book, called A Blow at the Serpent, Lon., 1657,
Answer to Richard Coppin's
Garland, Edward.
4to.
Garland, H. A., d. 1850. 1. Life of Thomas Jefferson.
2. Life of John Randolph of Roanoke, 1850, 2 vols. 12mo.
"Remarkable volumes in interest and attraction."-Hunt's
Merch. Mag.
Garland, John, or Joannes de Garlandia, who
flourished about the 11th century, is said to have been a
native of Garlande en Brie, Normandy, but Bale, Pits,
Tanner, and Prince, think that he was born in England.
1. A Poem on the Contempt of the World, Lyon, 1489, 4to.
2. Synonyma, Paris, 1490, 4to. 3. Multorum Vocabulorum
Equirocorum, Lon., 1492, 1500, '14, 4to. 4. Floretus; or,
Faith, &c. 5. Facetus; a Poem, Cologne, 1520, 4to. 6. Diet.
Artis Achymiæ, Basle, 1571, Svo.
Garlich, Thomas. Medical treatises, 1719, '41.
Garlick, Theodatus, M.D., b. 180S, in Middlebury,
Conn. Treatise on the Artificial Propagation of Certain
Kinds of Fish, N. York, 1857, 8vo.
Garmston, John. Serms., 1712-27.
Garmston, Shadrach. Serms., 1716-24.
Garner, Rev. John, M.D. Serms., med. treatises,
&c., 1760-65.
Garner, Robert. Theolog. treatises, 1645-1701.
Garneau, Francis Xavier, b. 1809, in Quebec.
1. Histoire du Canada, depuis sa découverte jusqu'à nos
jours, Quebec, 3 vols., 2d ed., 1852. 2. Voyage en An-
gleterre et en France dans les années 1831, 32, 33, &c.
Garner, Robert. Nat. Hist., Antiq., Manufac., &c.
of the County of Stafford, Lon., 1844, Svc.
"This handsome volume is exactly such a book as a county
natural history should be. Staffordshire may now boast of having
the best account of its natura! features and productions of any
county in England."-Lon. Athenæum, March 20, 1844.
Garnet, Henry, 1555–1606, superior of the Jesuits
in England, was proved to be privy to the Gunpowder
Plot, and executed for high treason. 1. Canisius's Cate-
chism, trans. from the Latin, Lon., 1590, 8vo; St. Omer's,
1622. 2. Treat. of Christian Regeneration or Birth, Lon.,
1616, Svo. See a Relation of the Proceedings against him
and his Confederates, 1606, 4to.
Garnett, J. Total Eclipse of the Sun, June 16, 1806,
&c., in Nicholson's Jour., 1808.
Garnett, John, D.D., d. 1782, aged 75; Bishop of
Ferns, 1752; trans. to Clogher, 1758. He pub. serms.,
&c., 1740-56, and a Dissert. on the Book of Job, 1749,
'54, 4to.
"Dr. Garnett contends that the hook of Job is an allegorical
drama, designed to represent the fall and restoration of a captive
Jew, and with a view to recommend the virtue of patience. The
author he supposes to have been Ezekiel, and the period of its
production subsequent to the Babylonish captivity. His hypo-
thesis is nearly allied to that of Warburton, but differently su
ported.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Garnett, John, Preb. of Winchester. Serms., 1802,
'03, 4to.
Garnett, Thomas, M.D., 1766-1802, pub. several
profess. works, and Observ. on a Tour through the High-
lands and Part of the Western Islands of Scotland, Lon.,
1800, 2 vols. 4to.
6.
· Agriculture, manufactures, commerce, antiquities, botany, and
manners, are treated of, though not in a masterly manner.”.
Stevenson's Voy, and Trav.
After his death was pub. his Zoonomia, 1804, 4to. He
contributed to Med. Com., 1788; Trans. Irish Acad., 1794;
Memoirs Med., 1795.
Garnham, Robert E., 1753-1802, a native of Bury
St. Edmund's, curate of Newton and Great Welnetham,
pub. a number of theolog. letters, reviews, &c., 1789-94.
See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1802.
652
GAR
GAR
"
Garnier, Thomas, Rector of Trin. Ch., Marylebone.
Domestic Duties: Serms., Lon., 1851, 12mo.
Garnons, John, d. about 1792. Serms., Lon., 1793,
2 vols. 8vo.
Garrard, Edmund. Intermarriages between the
Royal Lines of Eng. and Spaine, &c., 1624, 4to.
Garrard, Eliz. Miscell. Prose and Verse, 1800.
Garrard, George. Descrip. of Oxen in the Brit.
Isles, Lon., 1802, ob. fol., with 28 engravings.
Garrard, Will. The Arte of VVarre, corrected and
finished by Captaine Hitchcock, 1591, 4to.
Garrard, Wm. Trigonom. Tables, Lon., 1789, 8vo.
2. Lunar Observ., 1799, 4to. 3. Seamen's Preceptor,
1802, Svo.
Garratt, Samuel, Minister of Trin. Ch., St.-Giles-in-
the-Fields. 1. Scripture Symbolism, Lon., 1848, fp. 8vo.
2. Dawn of Life, 2d ed., 1849, 12mno. 3. Our Father, 1854,
12mo.
Garratt, W. A. Proceed. in Chancery, Lon., 1837.
Garrete, Walter. Theolog. treatises, 1680-1703.
Garrick, David, 1716-1779, the grandson of a
Frenchman, and son of Peter Garrick, a captain in the
Royal Army, was a native of Hereford. In 1735 he was
placed at a school opened in Lichfield by Samuel John-
son; and when his master determined to try his fortune in
London, the pupil thought that he could do no better than
bear him company. The great eminence in their respec-
tive departments to which the adventurers attained is well
known to our readers. After a short experience as a wine-
merchant, Garrick indulged a darling passion which had
long possessed him, and made his appearance on the stage,
where his success was unbounded. For a period of forty
years he trod the boards without a rival, and at his death
left an estate valued at £140,000. He was equally at
home in tragedy or comedy.
"Every passion of the human breast seemed subjected to his
powers of expression; nay, even time itself appeared to stand still
or advance as he would have it. Rage and ridicule, doubt and
despair, transport and tenderness, compassion and contempt, love,
jealousy, fear, fury, and simplicity, all took in turn possession of
his features, while each of them in turn appeared to be the sole
possessor of those features. One night old age sat on his counte-
nance, as if the wrinkles she had stamped there were indelible;
the next the gaiety and bloom of youth seemed to overspread his
face and smooth even those marks which time and muscular con-
formation might have really made there. These truths were ac-
knowledged by all who saw him in the several characters of Lear,
or IIamlet. Richard, Dorilas, Romeo, or Lusignan; in his Ranger,
Bays, Drugger, Kitely, Brute, or Benedict."
Mrs. Garrick, who was a Miss Viegel, (she subsequently
changed her name to Violette,) a native of Vienna, and a
stage-dancer in London, survived her husband forty-three
years, dying in 1822, in her 97th year. See Lon. Gent.
Mag., Nov. 1822.
As an author, Mr. Garrick's talents were respectable.
Of his original compositions, The Lying Valet, Miss in her
Teens, and The Clandestine Marriage, (the last written in
conjunction with Colman,) are the principal favourites.
A list of more than forty pieces, written or altered by
him, will be found in the Biog. Dramat.; and, in addition
to these and others, he wrote epigrams, odes, and many
prologues, epilogues, and songs. Dramatic Works, Lon.,
Dramatic Works, Lon.,
1768, 3 vols. 12mo; 1798, 3 vols. 12mo.
"A wretched and imperfect collection."-Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Poetical works now first collected, with Explan. Notes,
1785, 2 vols. 12mo. Of Garrick's Mode of Reading the
Liturgy, a new ed., by R. Cull, was pub. in 1840, Svo. See
Davies's and Murphy's Lives of Garrick; Biog. Dramat.;
Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Boswell's Johnson; Cumberland's
Life; Mason's Life of Whitehead; Colman's Random
Records.
' marchais, Algarotti, Diderot, Baron Grimm, Helstius,
Riccoboni, Baron Koch, and Wieland.
This interesting work contains upwards of two thousand
letters from many of the eminent men of the times in which
Garrick lived—from Lords Lyttelton, Camden, Chatham,
Dr. Johnson, Boswell, Goldsmith, Gibbon, Sheridan, Hume,
Robertson, Murphy, George Steevens, Richard Cumber-
land, Bp. Warburton, Bp. Hoadly, Burke, Junius, Wilkes,
Dr. Franklin, Churchill, Sir J. Reynolds, Gainsborough,
George Colman, Mrs. Clive, Mrs. Montague, and fifty
othors. There are also numerous letters from foreign cor-
respondents, among whom may be named Voltaire, Beau-
"Have you seen the second volume of the Garrick Correspond
ence? Is it not a treat? Glorious Garrick!"-The late C. Mathews.
"Garrick's appearance forms an epoch in the history of the Eng
lish theatre. as he chiefly dedicated his talents to the great cha-
racters of Shakspeare, and built his own fame on the growing
admiration of the poet. Before his time. Shakspeare had only been
brought on the stage in mutilated and disfigured alterations. Gar-
rick returned on the whole to the true originals, though he still
allowed himself to make some very unfortunate changes. It ap
pears to me that the only excusable alteration of Shakspeare is,
to leave out a few things not in conformity to the taste of the time.
Garrick was undoubtedly a great actor. Whether he always con-
ceived the parts of Shakspeare in the sense of the poet. I from the
very circumstances stated in the eulogies on his acting should be
inclined to doubt. He excited, however, a noble emulation to
represent wortbily the great national poet; this has ever since
been the highest aim of actors, and even at present the stage can
boast of men whose histrionic talents are deservedly famous.".
Schlegel's Lect, on Dramat. Art and Lit.
Garrison, Wm. Lloyd. 1. Thoughts on African
Colonization, Bost., 1832, Svo. 2. Sonnets and other
Poems, 1843, 18mo. The sonnet entitled The Free Mind
possesses decided merit.
Garrod, Alfred B., M.D., and Edward Ballard,
M.D. Elements of Materia Medica and Therapeutics, Lon.,
1845,8vo. Amer.ed., edited by R.E.Griffith, M.D., Phila., Svo.
"As a manual for students, it is the best that has yet appeared,
and will be found to contain much matter well worthy of perusal
by the practitioner."-Ranking's Report.
Dr. Garrod has also pub. Physical Diagnosis of Dis-
eases of the Abdomen, Lon., 1852, 12mo; and On Pain
after Food, 1854, p. Svo.
Garrow, D. W., D.D.
D. W., D.D. 1. Hist. and Antiq. of Croy-
don, Croy, 1818, Svo. 2. Serms., Lon., 1820, 8vo.
Garrow, J. Serm., Lon., 1812.
Garroway, Alderman. Speech, 1642, 4to.
Garstin, John, Major-General. Trans. of Paul
Frisi's Treat. on Rivers and Torrents, &c.
Garter, Barnard. 1. The tragical Hist. of two Eng-
lish Lovers, written by Bar. Gar., Lon., 1565, 16mo.
In
verse; 95 leaves. Bindley, £30 19x. 6d. Perry, £32 108.
Garth, John. Psalms set to Music, Lon., 1759, fol.
Garth, Sir Samuel, d. 1718-19, a native of York-
shire. was educated at Peter House, Camb., where he took
his degree of M.D. in 1691, and was admitted Fellow,
June 26, 1693. In 1687 commenced a quarrel between
the physicians and apothecaries, the latter of whom op-
posed the design of the former to furnish the poor with
advice gratis and medicines at prime cost. To hold the
apothecaries up to public reprobation and ridicule, Garth
pub. in 1699, 4to, his satirical poem of the Dispensary,
which pleased the town so much that it went through
three editions in a few months, and many were subse-
quently pub. The 9th ed., which contains a number of
episodes and inscriptions, appeared in 1706. Pope re-
marks that it bad been "corrected in every edition, and
that every change was an improvement." When Garth, in
1697, spoke what is now called the Harveian Oration, he
followed up the blow in Latin, and the poor apothecaries
were placed completely hors du combat. He also wrote
the epilogue to Addison's tragedy of Cato, pub. a poem
entitled Claremont, and in an ed. of Ovid's Metamorphoses,
pub. in 1717, trans. the whole 14th book, and the story of
Cippus in the 15th; the Preface is also his. Works, 1769,
12mo. He lived without religion, aud, according to Pope
-an intimate friend,-died a Roman Catholic.
"His poetry has been praised at least equally to its merit. In
the Dispensary there is a strain of smooth and free versification;
but few lines are eminently elegant. No passages fall below me
diocrity, and few rise much above it. The plan seems formed with-
out just proportion to the subject; the means and end have no
necessary connection. Resnel, in his Preface to Pope's Essay, re-
marks, that Garth exhibits no discrimination of characters; and
Much of interest relating to the literary history of the
that what any one says might, with equal propriety, have been
times will be found in Garrick's Private Correspondence said by another. The general design is, perhaps. open to criticism;
with the most colebrated persons of his time, now first but the composition can seldom be charged with inaccuracy or neg-
published from the originals, and illustrated with Notesligence. The author never slumbers in self-indulgence; his full
and a New Biographical Memoir, splendidly printed, with vigour is always exerted; scarcely a line is left unfinished; nor is
fine portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1831-32, 2 vols. r.
4to, pub. at £5 5s.
it easy to find an expression used by constraint, or a thought im-
perfectly expressed. It was remarked by Pope, that the Dispen-
sary had been corrected in every edition, and that every change
was an improvement. It appears, however. to want something of
poetical ardour, and something of general delectation; and there
fore since it has been no longer supported by accidental and in-
trinsic popularity, it has been scarcely able to support itself.”—Dr
Johnson's Lives of the Poets.
in
See also Biog. Brit.; Cibber's Lives; Spence's Anecdotes.
Garthshore, Maxwell, M.D., 1732–1812, a physician
London for nearly fifty years, pub. an Inaugural Dissert.,
Edin., 1764, Svo, and contributed to Med. Obs. and Ing.,
1770, and to Phil. Trans., 1787.
1770, and to Phil. Trans., 1787. See his biog. acct. of Dr.
Ingenhousz, in Thom. Ann. Philos., 1817.
653
GAR
GAS
Garthwait, Henry. The Evangelical Harmony,
reducing the four Evangelists into one continued Text,
Camb., 1634, 4to.
Garton, James. Practical Gardener, Lon., 1769.
Gartside, M., a lady. 1. Light and Shade, Colours,
and Composition, Lon., 1804, 4to. 2. Ornamental Groups,
Descrip. of Flowers. Birds, Shells, and Insects, 1809, imp.fol.
Gartwood, or Garwood. Short Introduc. to Hist.,
suggested by Coghlan's Sys. of Mnemonics, Lon., 1814.
Garwood, John. The Bible, Lon., 1840, Svo.
Gascoigne, Sir Crisp. Address rel. to his conduct
in the Cases of E. Canning and M. Squires, 1754.
Gascoigne, George, 1537-1577, after studying for
some time at Cambridge, removed to Gray's Inn, which he
deserted for the army, and served in Holland, where he
received a captain's commission from the Prince of Orange.
Returning to England, he became a courtier, and contri-
buted to the festivities which enlivened the business of
statesmen and the progress of the queen. The name of
The Princely Pleasures of Kenilworth Castle, one of Gas-
coigne's masques, will remind many of our readers of
Amy Robsart and Sir Richard Varney, of the ambitious
Earl and his imperious mistress. Among Gascoigne's best-
known pieces are: The Glasse of Gouernment; a Tragicall
Comedie, Lon., 1575, 4to. The Steele Glas; a Satyre, 1576,
4to. A Delicate Diet for daintie mouth de Droonkards;
wherein the fowle abuse of common carousing and quaff-
ing with heartie draughtes is honestly admonished, 1576,
Svo. The Droome of Doomes Day; wherein the Frailties
and Miseries of Man's Life are liuely portrayed and learn-
edly set forth, 1586, 4to. The Comedie of Supposes, and
the Tragedie of Locasta, in the collective ed. of his Whole
Woorkes, 1587, 4to. Warton says that the Comedie of Sup-
poses was the first comedy written in English prose; and
Dr. Farmer in his Essay on Shakspeare says that the latter
borrowed part of the plot and of the phraseology of this
play, and transferred it into his Taming of the Shrew.
This was the opinion of Chalmers, Warton, and Gifford,
also. Many of Gascoigne's works are reprinted in Chal-
mers's ed. of the Poets. For notices of early eds., and of
the author, see Athen. Oxon.; Whetstone's Remembrance
of Gascoigne; Censura Literaria; Brit. Bibliog.; Warton's
Hist. of Eng. Poetry; Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet.;
Ritson's Bibl. Poetica; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl.
Man.; Chalmers's British Poets.
"One of the smaller poets of Queen Elizabeth's days, whose
poetical works nevertheless have been thought worthy to be quoted
among the chief of that time; his Supposes, a Comedy; Glass of
Government, a Tragi-Comedy: Jocasta, a Tragedy, are particularly
remembered.”—Phillips's Theat. Poct.
"A writer, whose mind, though it exhibits few marks of strength,
is not destitute of delicacy: he is smooth, sentimental, and harmo-
nious."-Headley's Select Beauties of Anc. Eng. Poet.
6.
|
The arrangement is clear, the selection of texts is sufficiently
ample. and a useful index enables the reader to find passages of
Scripture arranged on almost every topic he can desire. As it
is of easy purchase, it may be substituted for any of the larger
common-place books."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
He has much exceeded all the poets of his age in smoothness
and harmony of versification."-Warton's Obs. on the Fairy Queen.
"From what I have seen of his works, his fancy seems to have
been sparkling and elegant, and he always writes with the powers
of a poet."-SIR S. E. BRYDGES. in his ed. of Phillips's Theat. Port.
"In George Gascoigne's poem there are many things about the
Dutch, showing that the English despised them, and despaired of
their cause. just as in our days happened to the Spaniards:
“And thus, my lord. your honour may discerne
Our perils past, &c."
Robt. Southey to John Rickman, March 23, 1814.
"The general commendations of Chalmers on this poet seem
rather hyperbolical. But his minor poems. especially one called
The Arraignment of a Lover, have much spirit and gaiety; and we
may leave him a respectable place among the Elizabethan versi-
fiers.”—Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
Gascoigne, Henry B. Suggestions for the Em-
ployment of the Poor of the Metropolis, &c., 1817.
Gascoyn, Sir Bernard. Descrip. of Germany, its
Govt., &c.; vide Brown's Miss. Aulic, 1702.
Gaskarth, John, D.D. Texts examined cited by
Papists for their Doctrine of Satisfaction, Lon., 16SS, 4to.
And in Gibson's Preservative, x. 264. Serms., &c., 1683-
1713.
Gaskell, Mrs., formerly Miss Stromkin, wife of a
Unitarian minister at Manchester, England, has attained
considerable popularity as the author of The Moorland
Cottage, Ruth, Mary Barton, North and South, and Cran-
ford. Mary Barton; a Tale of Manchester Life, Lon., 1848.
"Mary Barton is a work of higher pretensions than an ordinary
novel. It aims not only at the delineation of the joys and sorrows,
the loves and hatreds of our common humanity, but it professes
also to give a picture of the feelings, habits, opinions, character,
and social condition of a particular class of the people.—a class,
too, which has of late years attracted a great share of public atten-
tion, and has probably been the subject of more misconception and
misrepresentation than has fallen to the lot of any other.... The
literary merit of the work is in some respects of a very high order.
Its interest is intense; often painfully so.”—Edin. Rev., lxxxix.
402-435.
|
See a review of Ruth, in the N. Brit. Rev., May, 1853
and of North and South, in Blackw. Mag., May, 1855.
Life of Charlotte Bronté, Author of Jane Eyre, Shirley,
Villette, &c., 1857, 2 vols. p. Svo. This work was alleged
to contain several inaccuracies. The last ed., pub. in 1858,
varies considerably from the earlier issues: see BRONTĹ,
CHARLOTTE. Around the Sofa, 1858.
Gaskin, George, D.D., Rector of St. Benedict.
1. Serms., 1798, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Occas. Serms., 1798-1821.
Gaskin, James J. 1. European Geography made
Easy, Lon., 1843, 12mo; 2d ed., Lon., 1846. 2. Geography
and Sacred Hist. of Syria, 1846, 18mo.
Gaskin, John. Serms., Brist., 1844, Svo.
Gaspey, Thomas, an author of our own times, has
pub. The Witch Finder, The Self-Condemned, The History
of George Godfrey, and other romances. In conjunction
with George Moir Bussey, he pub. in 1850, 2 vols. imp. Svo,
Pictorial History of France and of the French People, from
the establishment of the Franks in Gaul to the French
Revolution, illustrated by nearly 400 beautiful engravings
on wood, pub. £2 168.
"An admirably-written and very interesting work, compiled from
the writings of Sismondi, Lacretelle, and Thiers. It is a very de
sirable precursor to the various Lives of Napoleon and Histories
*)
of the
Gaspine, John. Serm. on Luke xii. 32, 1663, 4to.
See p. 348 of Farewell Serms., Lon., 1816, Svo.
Gass, Patrick. A Jour. of the Voyages and Travels
of a corps of discovery under the command of Capts. Lewis
and Clarke, 1804-06, Pittsburg, 1807, 12mo; Lon., 1808,
Svo; Phila., 1810, '12, 12mo.
"It is curious to observe how ingeniously Mr. Gass has avoided
whatever could interest or amuse. All he says, we have no doubt,
is strictly true: at least, if intolerable dullness be a symptom of
truth in narration. he has amply vindicated his veracity."-Lon.
Quar. Rev., i. 293–304.
Sce ALLEN, PAUL; BIDDLE, NICHOLAS; LEWIS, Meri-
WETHER.
of Grecian Hist. to Philip of Macedon, Lon., 1754, 8vo.
Gast, John, D.D., Archdeacon of Glandclogh. 1. Rud.
2. Hist. of Greece from Alex. of Macedon till the final Sub-
jection to the Roman Power, 1782, 4to. 3. Lett. from a
Clergyman, &c. to his Popish Parishioners.
Faith and Practice of Christians, consisting of collections
Gaston, Rev. Hugh. A Scripture Account of the
of pertinent texts of Scripture upon the sundry Articles of
Revealed Religion, Lon., 1764, Svo. New ed., enlarged,
by Joseph Strutt, 1813, Svo. Again, 1824, 8vo. To this
ed. 20,000 references are added. Again, 1847, Svo; Phila.,
1855, Svo. Pub. by F. Bell. See PERCY, THOMAS. The
John Hall. The late eds. are entitled Gaston's Common-
ed. by Mr. Bell is that corrected and revised by the Rev.
Place Book, &c.
..
"The attributes, perfections, and operations of God; the glories
of the Saviour; the accomplished work of redemption. and the
agency of the Holy Spirit, are severally enlarged upon. The divine
law is amplified with the consentaneous illustrations of its pre-
cepts by our Lord himself, and by the prophets and apostles. The
personal and relative duties of mankind are largely insisted upon."
– Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
Gastrell, Francis, 1662-1725, a native of Slapton,
Northampton, entered Christ Church, Oxf., 1680; preacher
at Lincoln's Inn, 1694; Canon of Christ Church, Oxf.,
1702; Bishop of Chester, 1714. 1. Considerations on the
Trinity, Lon., 1696, 1702, '07, 4to. Also reprinted in Bp.
2. The
Randolph's Enchiridion Theologicum, vol. iii.
Certainty and Necessity of Religion in General; 8 Serms.
at Boyle's Lect. on Heb. xi. 6, 1697, 1703, Svo; 1739, fol.
Gastrell followed up this attack upon Atheism by a blow
at Deism in (3.) The Certainty of the Christian Revela-
tion, and the necessity of believing it, established, 1699,
Svo.
4. Fast Serm., 1704, '07, 4to. 5. The Christian In-
stitutes; or, the Sincere Word of God, 1707, '09, 8vo;
1717, 12mo. Frequently reprinted; recently by the Lond.
C. K. Society in 12mo.
"This valuable little work, which may perhaps be considered as
a Concordance of parallel passages at full length, . . . . may be
very advantageously substituted for any of the subsequent larger
and more expensive works. The Economy of a Christian Life,'
published by the Rev. W. Bingley in 1808, 2 vols. 12mo, is similar
in design, but upon the whole better arranged than Bp. Gastrell's
little manual."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
6
6. Serm., 1712, 4to. 7. Serm. 1714, 4to. 8. Remarks
upon the Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity, by Dr. Samuel
Clarke, 1714.
"Dr. Clarke acknowledged that the objections to his doctrine
were there set forth to particular advantage, by the skill of a very
G54
GAS
GAU
able and learned writer, and proposed with a reasonable and good
spirit."
. His Case with respect to the Wardenship of Man-
chester, 1721. 10. Certainty of a Future State, 1725, '37,
11. Tracts, 8vo. Some other treatises are ascribed
&vo.
to him.
"He left a sufficient monument of himself in his writings, and
his virtues are far from being yet forgotten."-DR. WILLIS.
See Biog. Brit.; Atterbury Corresp.; Nichols's Lit. Anec.
Gastrell, Peregrine, LL.D. Enquiry into the Ex-
ercise of some parts of Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction, Lon.,
1747, Svo.
Gataker, Charles, 1614?-1680, son of the celebrated
Thomas Gataker, educated at Sidney Coll., Camb., and
Pembroke Coll., Oxf., became Rector of Hoggeston, Buck-
ghamshire, about 1647, and continued there until his
death. He wrote some treatises against the Papists, The
Way of Truth and Peace, or a Reconciliation of St. Paul
and St. James concerning Justification, another work on
Justification, animadversions on Bull's Harmonia Aposto-
lica, &c. See Athen. Oxon.; Genl. Biog. Dict.
Gataker, Thomas, 1574–1654, was educated at St.
John's Coll., Camb.; preacher at Lincoln's Inn, 1601;
Rector of Rotherhithe, 1611. He was for many years de-
barred from active pastoral duty by ill health. He was
one of those who subscribed the Covenant, but professed
his attachment to Episcopacy, and in the time of the
monwealth sided with the Presbyterians rather than the
Independents. He was one of the most learned critics of
his day, and Salmasius, Aenius, Colomies, Morhof, Baillet,
as well as the British scholars, united in his praise. Among
his principal works are:-1. Of the Nature and Use of
Lots; a Treatise, Hist. and Theolog., Lon., 1616, '19,'27, 4to.
"This publication made a great noise, and drew him afterwards
into a controversy."
2. Serms., 1620, 4to; 1637, fol. He also pub. a number
of other serms. and discourses, 1620-1707.
"In his sermons, suitably to the very great learning of the
man, there is a wonderful variety of useful matter."-Dr. Wolton's
Study of Divinity.
3. Dissertatio de Stylo Novi Testamenti, 1648, 4to. 4.
Cinnus, &c., 1651, 4to. 5. Adversaria Miscellanea, 1659,
fol. This was completed by his son.
"Gataker vindicates the purity of the Greek of the New Testa-
ment writers from Hebraisms and barbarisms against Pfochenius;
and illustrates many of its difficult words and idioms. He was a
profound Greek scholar, and applied his knowledge very success-
fully to the illustration of the Scriptures, and also of the classics;
though his ideas of the correctness and elegance of the style of the
New Testament were carried to an extreme. Some of his English
writings, as his Essay on the Nature and Use of Lots, are also
worth reading."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Gataker examines this subject [Lots] with great learning. judg-
ment and accuracy."— Wordsworth's Chris. Instit.
His share of the annotations upon the Scriptures-the
books of Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Lamentations-written by
divines of the Westminster Assembly, was so admirably
performed, that Calamy does not scruple to assert that no
commentator, ancient or modern, is entitled to higher
praise.
Opera Critica, edente Hermanno Witsio. Traj. ad Rhen.,
1698, 2 tom. in 3 vols. fol. Tom. II. continent M. Anto-
nini Imp. de Rebus suis, Libros XII. et Opuscula Varia,
"A very learned divine, Thomas Gataker. one whom a foreign
writer has placed among the six Protestants most conspicuous, in
his judgment, for depth of reading.... Gataker stood, perhaps,
next to Usher, in general estimation.”—Hallam's Lit. Hist. of
Europe.
See Mr. Hallam's comments upon Gataker's Cinnus,
&c., Adversaria Posthuma, and Marcus Antoninus. The
English reader should procure The Meditations of Anto-
ninus, with Gataker's Preliminary Discourse, and Dacier's
Life of the Emperor, trans. by Jeremy Collier, 1701, Svo.
After reading Gataker's Prelim. Discourse, he is not to
read the Meditations in this trans., for it is inelegant,
vulgar, and ludicrous, but must read the trans. by R.
Graves, Bath, 1792, Svo, or some other good version.
Antoninus is well worth attention:
His Meditations, though they want style, will well repay
perusal. from the pure sentiments of piety and benevolence which
they exhibit.”—WAKEFIELD.
"A profound scholar."-DR. PARR.
..
"The subjects treated of are various and full of interest, and all
of expression and originality of thought. These productions are
are treated with great energy and with considerable perspicuity
Com-eminently indicative of mind, judgment, and pure intention, and
are constructed for general use."-Church and State Gazite.
"All the topics are handled in a plain. practical, straightforward
and have often much originality."-Ch. of Eng. Quar. Rev.
manner, and, though moderate in doctrine, they are always sound,
Notice of vol. ii. :
Baillet commends his great learning, but considers him
to have been too bold in his conjectures.
"Vir stupendæ lectionis magni que judicii."-MORHOF.
"E criticis omnibus qui hoc sæculo ad politiorum literarum
Illustrationem aliquid scripsere, vix ac ne vix quidem ullas in-
venietur, qui in authoribus diligenter ac accurate tractandis
Thomæ Gatakero palmam præri piat."-PAUL COLOMESIUS.
Gatford. Serms., 1643, 4to.
Gatford. A Disquisition, how far Conquest gives the
Conqueror a Title. Anon.
Gatford, Lionel.
the Time of the Plague, Oxf., 1644, 4to. 2. Public Good
1. Hyperphysical Directions in
without Private Interests; or, a Compendious Remon-
strance of the sad State and Condition of Virginia, &c.,
Lon., 1657, 4to, pp. 27.
Lon., 1657, 4to, pp. 27. The Charter of Virginia, pp. 23,
is annexed to this pamphlet. 3. Narrative of the Death
of Mr. W. Tyrel, and the Preservation of Sir John Rous,
1661, 4to.
Gataker, Thomas, surgeon, pub. a trans. of Le
Dran's Surgery, and some other profess. treatises, 1749-64.
Gatchell, Thomas. Serm., 1706, 4to.
Gates, Geoffrey. The Militarie Profession, 1579.
Gathercole, Rev. M. A. Letters to a Dissenting
Minister, with the Author's Reasons for conforming to the
Ch. of Eng., 5th ed., Lon., 1836.
Ch. of Eng., 5th ed., Lon., 1836. This little work, twice
noticed by the Bishop of London, excited much attention.
See an account of the controversy connected with it in
Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1147.
Gatisden. See GADDesden.
Gatton, Benj. Theolog. treatises, &c., 1704-32.
Eighteen Serms., Oxon., 1732, 8vo.
Gatty, Alfred, Vicar of Ecclesfield. 1. Serms., Lon.,
2 vols. 12mo, vol. i., 1843; 2d ed., 1847; vol. ii., 1848.
Notice of vol. i.:
"They are sermons of a high and solid character, and are the
productions of a good Churchman. They are earnest and affec
tionate. and follow out the Church's doctrine."-Lon. Theologian.
2. The Bell; its Origin, History, and Uses. New ed.,
1848, 12mo.
"A very varied, learned and amusing essay on the subject of
bells.”—Lon. Spectator.
3. The Vicar and bis Duties, 1853, 12mo. 4. Serms. for
Wayfarers, 1854, cr. Svo.
Gatty, Mrs. Alfred. The Fairy Godmothers; and
other Tales, Lon., 1851, 12mo.
Her love for fairy literature has led Mrs. Alfred Gatty to coin-
pose four pretty little moral stories, in which the fairies are grace-
fully enough used as machinery. They are slight, but well writ
ten."-Lon. Guardian.
·
"Approaching in tone and tendency to the fairy-tales of Ander-
sen. Most commendable as a fairy-book, with a beautiful illus-
tration by an amateur artist, Miss L. E. Barker.”—Lem. Atheneum,
Gauden, John, D.D., 1605-1662, a native of May-
field, Essex, educated at St. John's Coll., Camb., became
Vicar of Chippenham, and subsequently Rector of Bright-
well, Berkshire. Being appointed chaplain to Robert,
Earl of Warwick, he preached before the House of Com-
mons, Nov. 29, 1640, and so pleased the members that
they gave him a silver tankard, and in the next year
presented him to the rich deanery of Bocking, in Essex.
When he discovered the murderous designs entertained by
the Parliamentarians, he boldly opposed them in a published
protest, (1648, fol.,) and after the king had been put to
death, he wrote A Just Invective against those of the
army and their abettors who murthered K. Charles I., &c.;
written Feb. 10, 1648. But this was not pub. until after
the Restoration, i. e. in 1662. In 1660 he was made Bishop
of Exeter, and in 1662 translated to Worcester. He wrote
a number of treatises in vindication of the Church of Eng-
land and its ministers, among which are Hieraspistes, or
A Defence of the Ministry and Ministers of the Ch. of
Eng., 1653, 4to; The Case of Ministers' Maintenance by
Tithes, 1653; Petitionary Remonstrance to Oliver Crom-
well in behalf of the Clergy of Eng., 1659, 4to; Ecclesiæ
Anglicane Suspiria; The Tears, Sighs, and Complaints
of the Ch. of Eng., 1659, fol.; Antisacrilegus, 1660, 4to;
serms., &c.
The character of Gauden has been violently assailed;
but he lived in days when prominent men of either party
were not likely to meet with much mercy from their oppo-
nents. Without entering into any examination of his
character, it is but fair to quote Wood's declaration, and
thus give him credit for what cannot be disputed:
*
While he continued there [tutor at Wadham College] the great-
ness of his parts were much improved by the greatness of indus-
try, bestowing the most part of the day and night too in the study
of divine matters; esteemed by all that knew him a very
comely person, a man of vast parts, and one that had been strangely
improved by unwearied labour."-Athen. Oxon.
But we must no longer delay the introduction of a sub-
ject which, more than all other causes of notoriety, has in-
vested and still invests the name of Gauden with deep
interest to the student of political and literary history :-
the authorship of Eikon Basilike. In our articles on AN-
•
655
GAU
GAY
❤
|
NESLEY, ARTHUR, EARL OF, and CHARLES I., King of Eng-
land, we have already dwelt somewhat upon this vexed
question, and referred the reader to the article he is now
perusing, promising to direct him to the best sources of in-
formation on this subject. The "famous memorandum"
in the Earl of Anglesey's copy of the Eikon Basilike was.
discovered by Mr. Millington, the auctioneer who sold his
lordship's library. It is a MS. declaration by the Earl
that K. Charles II. and the Duke of York had both assured
him that the work in question
"Was none of the said King's compiling, but made by Dr. Gau-
den, Bishop of Chester, which I here insert, for the undeceivin
others in this point, by attesting so much under my hand."
shall be obliged to reply as we shall when he (by supposi-
tion) asks us "Who wrote Junius?"-Really, we cannot
tell. To show him that we have no great reason to blush
for our ignorance, we beg to tell him that the learned Dr.
Wordsworth "proves" that King Charles I. wrote it, and
the equally learned Sir James Mackintosh "proves" that
Bishop Gauden wrote it. Now it is certain that both can-
not be right, and it is just as certain that it would puzzle a
wiser head than ours to prove that either is wrong. Those
who wish to see Dr. Wordsworth supported can turn to the
London Quarterly Review, xxxii. 467-505; and those who
wish to see Sir James Mackintosh countenanced can con-
sult Todd's answer to Wordsworth, and Henry Hallam's
Introduction to the Literature of Europe. The quotation
of the opinion of the last-named eminent authority may
fitly conclude this article:
66
The famous Icon Basilice ascribed to Charles I. may deserve a
place in literary history. If we could trust its panegyrists, few
books in our language have done it more credit by dignity of sen-
timent and beauty of style. It can hardly be necessary for me to
express my unhesitating conviction that it was solely written by
Bishop Gauden, who after the Restoration unequivocally claimed
it as his own. The folly and impudence of such a claim, if it could
not be substantiated, are not to be presumed as to any man of
good understanding, fair character, and high station, without
stronger evidence than has been alleged on the other side: espe-
cially when we find that those who had the best means of inquiry.
at a time when it seems impossible that the falsehood of Gauden's
assertion should not have been demonstrated, if it were false,
acquiesced in his pretensions. We have very little to place against
this, except secondary testimony, vague, for the most part. in itself,
and collected by those whose veracity has not been put to the test
like that of Ganden. The style also of the Icon Basilice has been
identified by Mr. Todd with that of Gauden by the use of several
phrases so peculiar that we can hardly conceive them to have sug-
gested themselves to more than one person. It is nevertheless
superior to his acknowledged writings. A strain of majestic me-
lancholy is well kept up; but the personated sovereign is rather
too theatrical for real nature, the language is too rhetorical and
amplified, the periods too artificially elaborated. None but scholars
and practical writers employ such a style as this."-Ed. 3d, Lon.,
1847, vol. iii. 152, 153.
This memorandum was given to the world, and great
was the controversy, and many were the books, to which it
gave rise. As regards the work itself, we have already
said so much under the name of CHARLES I. that we may
be excused from lingering much on this point. Those who
are disposed to pursue the subject at length can examine
the dissertations upon this question by Milton, Jane, Lud-
low, Hollingworth, Walker, Long, Wagstaff, Burnet, Dug-
dale, Nash, Birch, Granger, Burton; Gent. Mag. for 1754;
Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Lon. Quar. Rev.; Brydges's Resti-
tuta; see these and other authorities cited in Lowndes's
Bibl. Man.; also see authorities cited in Biog. Brit.; Laing's
Hist. of Scotland; Lloyd's Memoirs; Maty's Review;-British Review, xviii. 396.
Dean Barwick's Life; Who wrote Icon Basilike? by Chris-
topher Wordsworth, D.D., 1824, '25, '28, 3 vols. 8vo; and
a review of vol. i. of this work by Sir James Mackintosh,
in Edin. Rev., xliv. 1-47. It is fair to add that in his last
vol. Dr. Wordsworth stoutly defends his position against
Lingard, Todd, Broughton, the Edinburgh Review, and
Review, and
Hallam. Surely the good doctor had his hands full. Mr.
Todd rejoined in the next year, 1829.
If the reader ask us Who wrote Icon Basilike?" we
Here we had intended to stop. But fearful that the last
quotation may settle the question with our reader, and hav-
ing a charitable desire to leave him in the same pleasing
uncertainty with which we shall dismiss him from the Ju-
nius controversy-in the same state, in short, in which we
find ourselves we throw out for his consideration the fol-
lowing comment, which has at least the authority of a great
name:
"To go no further for a testimony, let his own writings witness,
which speak him no less an author than a monarch, composed with
such a commanding majestic pathos, as if they had been writ not
with a pen but with a sceptre, and for those whose virulent and
ridiculous calumnies ascribe that incomparable piece to others. I
say it is a sufficient argument that those did not write it because
they could not."-SOUTH.
Macaulay has pub. vols. iii. and iv. of his Hist. of Eng-
land, (Lon., Dec. 1855,) and in this learned and instructivo
work we find the following expression of opinion upon
that vexed question above noticed:
"In that year [1692] an honest old clergyman named Walker,
who had, in the time of the Commonwealth, been Gauden's curate,
wrote a book which convinced all sensible and dispassionate readers
Basilike."
that Gauden, and not Charles the First, was the author of the Icon
Since we prepared the above article for the press, Mr.
656
Gaule, John, wrote several works on theology, witch-
craft, and astrology, 1628-60. See Bibl. Brit., and Lon.
Retrosp. Review, iv. 223-30, 1821, for a notice of his Dis-
or, the Holy 1629, Svo.
wrapt up in a pun, or in marshalling an overpowering collection
"John Gaule seems to have thought that the art of pleasing was
of epithets in battalous array,”—Ubi supra.
Gaunt, John. Three Serms., 1769, Svo.
•
Gauntlett, Henry, Vicar of Olney. 1. Serm., Oxon.,
1809, Svo. 2. Proverbs of Solomon, with Observ., 1813.
3. Expos. of the Book of Revelation; being the substance
of 44 Discourses, 2d ed., 1821, r. 8vo; 4th ed., revised,
since pub.
<<
Very much on the plan of Bishop Newton and Scott-practical
and useful."-Bickersteth's Chris. Stu.
pected to be so. are mostly supported by venerable authorities;
"Ilis interpretations of the prophecies, whether fulfilled or ex-
and where he differs from them, it is with modesty and caudour.”
•
Gavin, Antony. Master Key to Popery, Lon., 1725-
26, 3 vols. Svo; 3d ed. of vol. i., 1729.
"An extraordinary work, exposing the system of Popery."
Gavner, John. The 100 Weight Fraction-Book, 1815.
Gawen, Nicholas. Christ's Pre-eminence Asserted
and Vindicated, Oxon., 1668, fol.
k
Gawler, Wm. Harmonia Sacra, 1781, 4to.
Gawton, Richard. The Lord's Supper, 1612, Svo.
Gay, Ebenezer, D.D., 1696-1787, minister of Hing-
ham, Mass. Serms., &c., 1725-81.
"Dr. Chauncy pronounces him to have been one of the greatest
and most valuable men in the country.' See Allen's Amer. Biog,
Dict., and authorities there cited.
"}
-
Gay, John, 1688-1732, a native of Barnstaple, the
and Devonshire, was at an early age apprenticed to a silk-
descendant of the ancient family of the Le Gays of Oxford
mercer in London. A brief experience proved both to
himself and his master that he was ill suited for the duties
of active life, and, obtaining a discharge from his inden-
tures, he determined to follow his literary inclinations.
The amiability and unobtrusiveness of his character re-
commended him to the friendship of Pope, Swift, and
strengthened by the evidence of poetical abilities displayed
other wits of the day, and his new attachments were
in his Rural Sports, a descriptive poem addressed to Pope,
and pub. in 1711. In the next year he obtained the situa-
tion of domestic secretary to the Duchess of Monmouth;
and two years later produced The Fan; a Poem, and The
Shepherd's Week, in VI. Pastorals. Trivia; or, the Art
of Walking the Streets, appeared in the succeeding year.
But during this period he had not neglected the stage-
a successful appearance on which was the great object of
ambition to the poets of his day and the preceding reigns.
In 1713 his comedy of the Wife of Bath had been con-
demned; but in the next year the play of What D'ye Call
It? a kind of mock tragedy, met with better success, and
was honoured by the presence of the Prince and Princess
of Wales. Encouraged by his good fortune, he presented
❘
Marriage. This piece proved a failure, and Gay bore all
the town, in 1717, with the comedy of Three Hours after
the disgrace attaching to want of success; although Pope
and Arbuthnot would probably have claimed a share in
the authorship had any laurels been forthcoming. How-
ever, Gay's wounded feelings were somewhat soothed by
a profit of £1000 on an edition of his Poems, pub. by sub-
scription in 1720; and he also received about this time a
present from Mr. Secretary Craggs of some South Sea
stock. His interest in this famous bubble was supposed
to be worth £20,000, but, not willing to accept this sum,
he held his stock, and soon found it to be utterly worth-
less. In 1724 he wrote the tragedy of The Captives, which
was tolerably successful on the stage, and seems to have
pleased the Princess of Wales, who heard it read by the
author in MS.; for she engaged him to write for the bene-
fit of the Duke of Cumberland, then an infant, some fables
in verse. This was the origin of the Fables, by which,
next to the Beggar's Opera, Gay is best known to the pre-
sent generation.
The famous play just named was produced in November,
1727, and immediately took the town by storm, enjoying
a run of no less than sixty-three nights. The author and
his friends were in ecstasies. The ladies carried about the
|
GAY
GED
favourite songs in fans, the morals of thousands of hope- |
ful young people were corrupted for life, and, as if nobility
itself must make a costly offering to the shrine of infamy
-Lavinia Fenton,. (the Polly Peachum of the play,) a
notorious unmarried courtesan who had long known ma-
ternal responsibilities, was led to the altar in pomp by the
Right Hon. Lord Charles, third Duke of Bolton.
We are not ignorant that the injurius influences which
we charge upon the Beggar's Opera have been denied; and
this might surprise us if any thing in the way of effrontery
or sophistry could now excite our wonder. But the fact
which we are about to quote is worth more than all the
special pleading which has been lavished upon such sub-
jects from the days of John D'Urfey to the present gene-
ration:
"In the year 1773, Sir John Fielding told the bench of Justices
that he had written to Mr. Garrick concerning the impropriety of
performing the Beggar's Opera, which never was represented with-
but creating an additimal number of thires; and they particularly
requested that he would desist from performing that opera on
Saturday exrning. Such also were the fears of the church as to the
effects of this play, that Dr. Herring, then Archbishop of Canter-
bury, preached a sermon against it; and Dean Swift was writing
in favour of it in the Intelligencer.
"Gay was called, in consequence of it, the Orpheus of Highway-
"
men.
pleasing and poetical. But his capital work is his Beggar's Opera.*
Huzlill's Lect. on the Eng. Poets.
See Biog. Brit.; Swift's Works; Pope's Works; Spence's
Anecdotes; Mischiefs arising from his Beggar's Opera,
Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. xliii.; Howitt's Homes and Haunts
of eminent Brit. Poets; Thackeray's Humorists of the
18th century.
Gay, John. Miniature Pictures, newly adapted to the
most Fashionable and Public Characters of both sexes, now
living, 1780, 4to.
Gay, Joseph. The Confederates; a Farce, Lon., 1717,
8vo. We have already noticed this play, and other works,
under the real name of the author, Capt. JOHN DURANT DÉ
BREVAL.
"As a poet he cannot be rated very high. He was, as I once
beard a female critic remark, ‘of a lower order.' He had not in
any degree the mens divinior, the dignity of genius. Much, how-
ever, must be allowed to the author of a new species of composi-
tion, though it be not of the highest kind. We owe to Gay the
Ballad Opera; a mode of comedy which at first was supposed to
delight only by its novelty, but has now by the experience of
half a century been so well accommodated to the disposition of a
popular audience, that it is likely to keep long possession of the
stage."-Dr. Johnson's Life of Gay.
But Dr. Wharton condemns the Beggar's Opera as the
parent of "that most monstrous of all absurdities, the
Comic Opera."
"Gay's Fables are certainly a work of great merit both as to the
quantity of invention implied, and as to the elegance and facility
of the execution. They are, however, spun out too long; the de-
scriptions and narrative are too diffusive and desultory; and the
moral is sometimes without point. They are more like Tales than
Fables. The best are, perhaps, The Hare with many Friends, the
Monkeys, and the Fox at the Point of Death. His Pastorals are |
·
Gayarre, Charles E. Arthur, b. Jan. 3, 1805, at
New Orleans, is a descendant of one of the most an-
cient and historical families of the State of Louisiana, and
has held many high posts of honour in his native State.
1. Historical Essay on Louisiana, in French, New Orleans,
1830, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. History of Louisiana, in French,
1846, 2 vols. 8vo.
|
Gay, Nicholas. Union between G. B. and Ire., 1799.
Gay, Wm. Eleven Serms., Lon., 1655, 8vo.
Nor was
But excepting fame-or disgrace, as we should term it
-Mr. Gay received but little compensation for the mis-
chievous effects produced by the Beggar's Opera. He
pocketed but £400, and perhaps this was hardly sufficient
to soothe the compunctious visitings naturally excited by
such evil agency. He therefore wrote a sequel to the Beg-
gar's Opera, entitled Polly, the representation of which
was forbidden-for political reasons-by the Lord-Cham-
berlain. This refusal excited the ire of the party in op-
position, and a profit of £1100 or £1200 accrued to Gay
from the publication of the prohibited piece.
this his only triumph. The Duke and Duchess of Queens-
berry adopted him as a member of their family, and his
Grace became pecuniary guardian of the poet, who, like
most poets, knew not how to keep his money. His lord-
ship proved so able a financier, that on his death, Dec. 4,
1732, Gay left a property of £3000. In addition to the
In addition to the
works already noticed, he wrote The Distressed Wife, a
Comedy; Achilles, an Opera; Dione, a Pastoral, &c.; and
many songs and ballads. The best-known specimen of
his is the letter-in which he was assisted by Pope
prose
-from Lord Harcourt's seat in Oxfordshire, giving an
account of the death of two village lovers by a stroke of
lightning. Among his minor poems may be instanced
The Hare with many Friends, The Court of Death, and
Black-Eyed Susan. As a poet, his merits were great; as
a man, he was indolent, amiable, and irresolute; as a
moralist, he is entitled to no consideration whatever. He
lived with no higher purpose than to please, and died with
the consciousness that he had done little or nothing to
profit or instruct.
His Poems on several occasions were pub. in 1720, 2
vols. 4to; Miscellanies, by Swift, Pope, Arbuthnot, and
Gay, 1727, 3 vols. Svo; Gay's Works, 1722-25, 6 vols.
12mo; Poems, 1727, 2 vols. 12mo; 1737, 2 vols. 8vo;
1762, 2 vols. 12mo; 1767, 2 vols. 12mo; Miscell. Works,
1773, 4 vols. 12mo; Poems never printed, 1820, 12mo;
Fables, 1727-38, 2 vols. 4to; 1733-38, 2 vols. Svo; with
Notes and Life of the Author by W. Coxe, 1796, 12mo;
new ed., with memoir by O. F. Owen, Lon., 1854, 12mo.
They have been trans. into Latin, Italian, and French; a
trans. en vers Français, par le Chevalier de Chatelain,
was pub. by Mr. Whittaker in London, 1853, 12mo. For
other eds. of Gay's Fables, pieces pub. separately, &c., sec
Bibl. Brit., Lowndes's Bibl. Man., and authorities sub-
joined.
"This work begins with the discovery of Louisiana, and comes
down to 1769, when the Spaniards took final possession of the
colony. It gives a full and authentic account of the French domina
tion in Louisiana, and contains many interesting documents which
are thus preserved in the veruacular language of the first settlers.”
4. Louisiana: its history as a French Colony, 1851, Svo.
3. Romance of the history of Louisiana, New York, 1848.
5. Louisiana: its history as a French Colony; 2d series,
1852, 8vo. 6. History of Louisiana, (French domination,)
1854, 2 vols. Svo. 7. History of Louisiana, (Spanish do-
Novel, 1854. 9. Influence of the Mechanic Arts on the
mination,) 1854, 8vo. 8. School for Politics; a Dramatic
Human Race, 1854. Mr. Gayarre has also pub. several
political addresses, &c.
At an
Gayler, Charles, b. 1820, in New York.
early age commenced to write for the stage while editing
a newspaper in Cincinnati; and, returning to his native
city in 1850, has since been there connected with the
newspaper and periodical press. Has written upwards of
forty dramatic pieces of various kinds, every one of which
have been published between 1846 and '58 are The Gold-
has been successful on representation. Among those which
Hunters, a Drama; the operetta of The Frightened Fiend;
Taking the Chances, a Comedy; The Love of a Prince, a
Comedy; The Son of the Night, a Drama; Galieno Fa-
liero, a Tragedy; and Isms, a Comedy.
Husbandry; being a series of Essays, &c. designed for
Gaylord, Lewis, and Luther Tucker. American
its Improvement, N. York, 2 vols. 18mo.
Gayton, Edmund, or De Specioa Villa, 1609–
1666, wrote a number of humorous works, 1645-63, of
which the Festivious Notes upon Don Quixote, 1654, &c.,
is the best known. Wood tells us that, when turned out
of employment, he
"Lived in London in a sharking condition, and wrote trite
things merely to get bread to sustain him and his wife.”—Athen.
Oxon.
Who would believe such presumption possible? Why
did not Anthony teach him and his wife" how to live
without "bread"? No marvel that his honest indigna-
tion was aroused! Some of Gayton's works now bring
high prices. See Athen. Oxon.; Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's
Bibl. Man.; Lon. Gent. Mag., lvii. 399.
Geach, Francis, M.D., d. 1798, of Plymouth, Eng-
land, pub. several profess. treatises, 1766-81. See Bibl.
Brit.
Geard, John. The Beauties of Matt. Henry, with
his Life, Character, Labours and Death, Lon., 1797, 8vo.
Geare, Allen. Ebenezer; or, preserv. from Ship-
wreck. See Osborne's Voyages, ii. 787; 1746.
Geare, Rev. E. Parents' Complaint, Lon., 1848, 12mo.
Gearing, Wm. Serms., Lon., 1660–73.
Gedde, John. Works on Bees, 1675, 1721.
Gedde, Walter. See GIDDE.
Geddes, Alexander, 1737-1802, a Roman Catholic
divine, was suspended from all ecclesiastical functions after
the publication of vol. i. of his trans. of the Bible with
Notes, which gave great offence to Christians generally.
1. The Holy Bible; trans. from the original, with Notes,
Remarks, &c., Lon., 1792-97, 2 vols. 4to. 2. Critical Re-
marks on the Hebrew Scriptures, 1800, 4to. 3. New Trans.
of the Psalms, with Notes, &c., 1807, Svo.
Geddes did not complete his design. The books trans.
are those from Genesis to Chronicles, and the Book of Ruth.
"Geddes's version is admitted to contain many happy render-
ings, many just emendations of the text, and many profound aud
657
GED
GEL
ingenious observations on its sense, and to discover a profound!
knowledge in the Hebrew language. But the propriety of the
greater part, both of his emendations and interpretations, has been
questioned.”—Charles Butler.
Dr. Geddes applied the whole weight of his learning and talents
to an artful attack upon the Divine authority of the Scriptures.
Through the medium of a new translation he strives to shew that
these Scriptures are entitled to no other respect or veneration than
what is due to them as curious remains of antiquity.”—Bishop
Yun Mildert's Boyle Lectures.
The volume of Remarks only comprehends the Pentateuch.
It is in these remarks that the sentiments of the translator are
most offensively stated. All the freedom of the modern conti-
mental critics is used with the sacred writings, without the veil
of a foreign language interposed, to conceal its unsightliness.".
Orme's Bibl. Bib.
M
Dr. Boothroyd, in his trans., has availed himself of the
labours of Geddes, but has not been misled by his errors.
A review of Geddes's trans., attributed to Bishop Horsley,
appeared in the British Critic. vols. iv., xiv., xix., and xx.
In Dr. John Mason Good's Life of Geddes, 1804, Svo, will
be found some valuable criticisms on his writings. Ani-
madversions on Geddes's trans. were reprinted in 1803,
Svo, from the British Critic for 1802.
Geddes's trans. of the Psalms noticed above, a posthu-
mous publication, edited by Dr. Disney and Charles Butler,
extends only to the 11th verse of Psalm exviii.; the rest is
added from an interleaved copy of Bishop Wilson's Bible
corrected by Dr. G.
"Though many things have displeased us in the perusal of this
work. we are not prepared to say that the learned editors should
have altogether withheld this new version from the public. Dr.
Geddes was undoubtedly a considerable scholar, and his lucubra-
tions may be turned by other scholars to good account, though
they cannot be implicitly adopted."-British Critic, O. S., xxiii. 358.
Dr. G. also pub. trans. from Homer, Horace, &c., Letters,
Serms., &c., for an account of which seè Bibl. Brit. and
Good's Life of Geddes.
Geddes, James, 1710-1749, a Scotch advocate. An
Essay on the Composition and Manner of Writing of the
Ancients, particularly Plato, Glasg., 1748, Svo. Highly
commended.
Geddes, Michael, D.D., d. 1715, a native of Scot-
land, Chancellor of the Ch. of Sarum. 1. Hist. of the Ch.
of Malabar, from the Portuguese, Lon., 1694, Svo. 2. Hist.
of the Ch. of Ethiopia, &c., 1696, Svo. 3. The Council of
Trent no Free Assembly, &c., 1697, 1714, Svo. 4. Miscell.
Tracts, 1702, '05, '06, 3 vols. Svo. Reprinted, 3 vols. Svo,
1714, '30. 5. Tracts against Popery, 1715, Svo. Robert
Southey greatly admired Geddes, and frequently quotes his
works.
Geddes, Wm. Saints Recreation, 3d part; upon the
State of Grace, Edin., 1683, 4to. All pub.
Geddes, Wm., M.D., late surgeon of the Madras Eu-
ropean Regiment. Clinical Illustrations of the Diseases
of India, Lon., 1846, 8vo.
“A more elaborate display of medical statistics has rarely been
given to the public. . . . As a vast amount of facts, the book is
really, we believe, unrivalled.”—Lon. Spectator.
Gee, Alex. Ground of Christianitie; 1594?
Gee, Edward, D.D. Serms., &c., 1620, '53, '58.
Serms., &c., 1620, '53, '58.
Steps of Ascension to God; or, a Ladder to Heaven.
"Printed at least 27 times, mostly in a manual, or in a vol. called
twenty-fours: the 27th edit. came out in 1677."-Athen. Oxon.
Gee, Edward, Rector of St. Benedict, London. Trea-
tises against the Jesuits, &c., Lon., 1687-92.
Gee, J. Impositions on Parliament, 1765, 8vo.
Gee, John, d. 1639, a clergyman of the Church of
England, embraced Roman Catholic opinions, but subso-
quently renounced them, and pub. a warning to Protest-
ants, &c entitled The Foot out of the Snare; or, Detection
of Practices and Impostures of Priests and Jesuits, Lon.,
1624, 4to. There was pub. with this, A Gentle Excuse to
Mr. Gregg, &c., and the two were
"Printed four times in the said year, 1624, because all the copies,
or most of them, were bought up by R. Catholics.”—Athen. Ozon, q.v.
Gee also pub. a Serm., 1624, 4to, and New Shreds, &c.,
1624, 4to.
Gee, Joshua, minister in Boston, d. 1748, aged 50.
Serms., Lett. to N. Eells, &c., 1728–43.
Gee, Joshua. The Trade and Navigation of G.
Britain Considered, Lon., 1729, 30, Svo; Glasg., 1735, '60,
8vo; 1767, 12mo.
G
Geldart, Mrs. Thomas, has pub. Stories of England
and Ireland, and other juvenile works, 1849, &c.
1
"She writes as one who understands and loves children. Her
of England, in the Lon. Eclectic Review.
style is interesting; her moral is always sound."-Notice of Stories
Gell, John. Causes of Insolvency in Retail Business,
&c., Lon., 1796, Svo.
The account given in it of the state of our trade is, for the most
part. as deceptive as the means suggested for its improvement are
illiberal and inefficient."-McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., q. v.
Gell, Philip. Idiom of the IIebrew, Lon., 1821, Svo.
Gell, Robert, D.D., of London, d. 1665. 1. Serm.,
Lon., 1650, 4to. 2. Serm., 1655, 4to. 3. Essays towards
the Amendment of the Eng. Trans. of the Bible, 1659, fol.
4. Remains or Select Scrip. of the N. Test., 1676, 2 vols. fol.
"These are very curious books, consisting of a number of dis-
courses ou particular passages, full of allegorical and cabalistical
illustrations. along with some ingenious and solid criticisms. Dr
Gell was an Arminian, and is spoken of by Mr. Baxter as one of
the sect-makers of the time."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Charles
The Remains are commended by John Wesley.
Wesley took hints for some hymns from Gell's Notes.
Gell, Sir William, 1777-1836, an eminent classical
antiquary, educated at, and Fellow of, Emanuel Coll.,
Camb., was knighted in 1803; subsequently, to 1820, he
Troy and its Vicinity, Lon., 1804, fol.
altogether at Rome or Naples. 1. Topography of
resided
"Gell's Topography of Troy and Ithaca cannot fail to ensure the
approbation of every man possessed of classical taste, as well for
the information Mr. Gell conveys to the mind of the reader as for
the ability and research the respective works display."-LORD BYRON
Reviewed in the Edin. Rev., and Lon. Quar. Rev. 2. Geo
graphy and Antiq. of Ithaca, 1807, 4to.
"His Geography of Ithaca comprehends a full survey of the far-
famed island which the hero of the Odyssey has immortalized: for
we really are inclined to think that the author has established the
identity of the modern Theaki with the Ithaca of Homer."-LORD
BYRON.
3. Itinerary of Grecce, 1810, r. 4to. 4. Itinerary of the
Morca, 1817, Svo. 5. Attica, 1817, fol. 6. Tour in the
Morea, 1823, Svo. 7. Topography of Rome and its Vi-
cinity, 1834, 3 vols. Svo and r. Svo; including the Map.
1840, 2 vols. Svo; with the Map. New ed., by E. H. Bun-
bury, 1846, Svo. This excellent work should accompany
Gibbon's Decline and Fall. To say nothing of the fatigue
and trouble involved in this undertaking, the expense of
surveys and measurement alone was upwards of £500.
"These volumes are so replete with what is valuable, that were
we to employ our entire journal, we could, after all, afford but a
meagre indication of their interest and worth."-Lon. Lit. Guzelle.
8. By Sir Wm. Gell and J. P. Gandy, Pompeiana; or,
peii, 1817-19, 2 vols. in 1, imp. 8vo and imp. 4to; 1824, 2
descrip. of the Topog., Edifices, and Ornaments of Pom-
vols. r. Svo; 1852, 2 vols. r. Svo. Second series, 1830, 2
vols. r. Svo, imp. Svo, and 4to. The value of these works,
which give the result of the excavations since the com-
mencement in 1748, need not be enlarged on. By their
aid, he who stays in his library will have a better idea of
Pompeii than he who visits the entombed city without
them. Sir Wm. Gell also contributed to the letter-press of
the illustrations of the Antiquities of Iona, pub. by the
Society of Dilettanti, (of which he was a member,) 1797-
1840, 3 vols. imp. fol., pub. at £21. In this work will be
found the illustrations of the ruins of those buildings which
were distinguished by Vitruvius and other ancient writers
for their elegance and magnificence; such as the Temple
of Bacchus, at Teos, the country of Anacreon; the Temple
dedicated to Minerva, at Priene, by Alexander of Macedon;
and the Temple of Apollo Didymæus, near Miletus.
"Gell's notions of authorship were of a very aristocratic nature.
All his works were brought out on so large and extensive a scale
as to be out of the reach of that class of readers for whom his topo-
graphical and antiquarian researches would have been especially
scribed by him."-Dr. Madden's Life of the Countess of Blessington,
useful-for travellers in those countries whose remains were de
whore will be found some interesting notices of Gell. Also see
Willis's Pencillings by the Way; Byron's Hours of Idleness and
Notes; and an obituary notice of Sir Wm. in the Lon. Gent. Mag.,
June. 1836, €65, 666.
K
Gellibrand, Henry, 1597-1636, a native of London,
educated at Trin. Coll., Oxf., became curate of Chidding-
stone, Kent; Prof. of Astronomy at Gresham Coll., 1627.
He pub. An Appendix concerning Longitude, 1633, An
Institution Trigonometrical, 1634, '52, a Discourse Ma-
thematical, 1635, An Epitome of Navigation, 1674, '98,
and a Latin Oration in praise of the Astronomy of Gas-
sendus; but is best known as a writer by his completion
of Henry Briggs's Trigonometria Britannicæ, of which we
have already treated in the proper place. See Athen.
Oxon.; Biog. Brit.; Ward's Gresham Professors; Martin's
Biog. Philosophica.
Geere, John. Answer to Godwin, Lon., 1649, 4to.
Geffe, Nicholas. Silk-Worms, Lon., 1607, 4to.
Geikie, Archibald. The Story of a Boulder, Lon.,1858.
He has put forth known facts in a pleasing manner for the
beginner."-Lon. Athen., 1858, Pt. 2, 237.
Geldart, T. C. Scotch Judicature Bill, Lon., 1825, Svo. clamatio ad Jacobum I., Edin., 1617, 4to.
፡፡
653
Gellibrand, Joseph. Poem, Lon., 1783, 4to.
Gellius, John. 1. Apologia, &c., Rupellæ, 1605, 8vo.
2. Epith. in Nuptias Fred. V., Heidelb., 1013, 4to. 3. Ac-
GEL
GER
Gellman, James. Bite of Rabid Animals, 1812.
Gem, Richard. The Stone, Lon., 1741.
Gemmil, John. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1736.
Genest, P. Account of the English Stage, 1660-
1830, Bath, 1832, 10 vols. Svo. This work commences
where Collier's ends. Mr. G. is said to have spent his
whole life in collecting materials for this history. He
might have made a much better use of his time. Since
writing the above, we meet with the following:
"A more remarkable instance of waste of time and paper we
never remember.”—Lon. Alhenæum, Oct. 19, 1833. See this caustic
review.
Geneste, M. The Parallel Histories of Judah and
Israel, Lon., 1843, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Useful in pointing out the times when the Prophets lived."
Bickersteth's Chris. Stu.
Genevais, J. A. Navigation, Lon., 1769, 8vo.
Gengembre, P. W., Prof. of Foreign Languages in
Elements of
Girard Coll., Phila., and J. H. Brown.
English Grammar, Phila., 1855, 12mo. Highly com-
mended by President W. H. Allen of Girard College, and
by many teachers of the public schools of Phila.
Genings, J. Life of E. Genings, 1614, 4to.
Gent. Vindic. of Europe and G. Brit., 1803.
Gent, Thomas, 1691-1778, a printer and antiquary
of York. 1. Hist. of York, Lon., 1703, Svo. 2. Hist. of
Rippon, &c., York, 1733, 8vo. 3. Hist. of Kingston-upon-
Hull, 1735, Svo. 4. Hist. of Eng. and Rome, 1741, 2 vols.
12mo. 5. Hist. of the great Eastern Window of St. Peter's
Cathedral, 1762, 8vo. 6. Life of St. Robert of Knares-
borough, &c., 12mo. 7. Job, a Poem. 8. Autobiography,
1832, 8vo. Other works.
"His autobiography is as characteristic as John Dunton's, and,
like it, contains much information relating to the state of the press
in his days, and the trade of literature.”—Southey's Doctor, q. v.
Gent, Thomas. Poetic Sketches, 1806, '07, '11.
Gentil. Solitary or Carthusian Gardener; being Dia-
logues between a Gentleman and Gardener, 1706, Svo.
Gentilis, Albericus, LL.D., 1550-1611, an Italian
lawyer, was in 1587 appointed by Queen Elizabeth Prof.
of Civil Law at Oxford, where he lectured for twenty-four
years. He pub. De Jure Belli, and some other works in
Latin. See Athen. Oxon.
Gentilis, Robert, 1590–1654, son of the preceding,
trans. Servita's Hist. of the Inquisition, and some other
works, into English. See Athen. Oxon.
Gentleman, Francis, 1728-1784, a soldier, actor,
and author. 1. Characters; an Epistle, Lon., 1766, 4to.
2. Royal Fables, 1766, Svo.
"Poetical productions of very considerable merit."
This is saying a great deal.
Gentleman, Robert. 1. Scholar's Companion, 1788,
12mo. 2. Addresses to Youth, Lon., 1792, 12mo.
Gentleman, Tobias. 1. The Best Way to make
England the most Wealthy Kingdom of Europe, by ad-
vancing the Fishing Trade, Lon., fol. 2. England's Way
to Win Wealth and to employ Ships and Mariners, 1614,4to.
Geoffrey de Vinsauf, temp. Richard I., is supposed
by some to have written several works, but we can only
attribute to him with certainty a metrical Latin treatise
on the art of poetry, which bears the name of Nova Poe-
taria. For edits., and an account and specimens of this
treatise, see Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. There are many
MSS. of it extant.
"It is, however, a heavy, tiresome poem. and is only interesting
as being the key to the general style of the Latin poetical writers
of the thirteenth century which was formed on the rules given in
this work."-Ubi supra.
Geoffrey Gaimar, a distinguished trouvère of the
reign of Stephen, was the first who pub. an Anglo-Norman
version of the History of the British Kings by Geoffrey
of Monmouth. See the Ancient romance of Havelok the
Dane, &c., with an Introduc.. &c., by Fred. Madden, Esq.:
printed for the Roxburghe Club, Lon., 1828, 4to; the por-
tion of Gaimar which relates to the story of Havelok;
Chroniques Anglo-Normandie, Rouen, 1835, Svo; Collec.
of Historians, ed. by order of the Record Commission,
vel. i. pp. 764-829; the portion of the history previous to
the Conquest, with the concluding lines of the poem, in
which the author speaks of himself and his undertaking
Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
MSS. Society, Llandovery, 1840, 8vo. See Wharton'
Angl. Sac., ii. 662, Lon., 1691, fʊl.
Geoffrey of Monmouth, d. 1154, Archdeacon of
Monmouth, was made Bishop of St. Asaph in 1152, but
afterwards returned to the monastery of Abingdon, where
he was abbot. He wrote a Latin version of the prophecies,
&c. of Merlin, Chronicon sive Historia Britonum, (written
about 1138?); and some other works are ascribed to him.
His History became very popular, and there are few works
of which so many MSS. are extant. Edits. in Latin, Paris,
1508, 4to; 1517, 4to; Heidelb., 1587, fol., (in Rerum Bri-
For a particular account of edits. of this work
tan.,) &c.
and its author, we refer to Thompson's Pref. to his trans.;
Bale, Pits, and Tanner; Bp. Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib.;
Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poetry; Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Aaron Thompson's trans. into English was pub. Lon.
1718, 8vo. New ed., by J. A. Giles, LL.D., 1842, 8vo.
3. Dramatic Censor, 1770, 2 vols. Svo. 4. Ed. of Shak- by S. Rand, Lon., 1692, 4to.
speare's Plays, pub. by Bell, 1774-75.
The worst edition that ever appeared of any English author."
-Biog. Dramat.
Geoffrey, or Stephen, Dean of Llandaff, flourished
1120, wrote a Life of the Welsh saint Telivaus or Teilo,
and is said to have composed the Register of the Church
of Llandaff, pub. by the Rev. W. J. Rees, for the Welsh
"It is impossible to consider Geoffrey of Monmouth's History
of the British Kings in any other light than as a tissue of fables.
Its author was either deceived by his materials, or he wished to
deceive his readers."-Bing. Brit. Lit.
Both Shakspeare and Milton have drawn from old
Geoffrey's Chronicle. Of the Life and Prophecies of Mer-
lin, forty-two copies were printed for the Roxburghe Club
in 1830, 4to.
Geoghegan, Edward. Med. treatises, 1801-10.
George, Anita, Mrs., a native of Cuba, who came
to the U. States in 1848, and whilst in Boston completed
Memoirs of the Queens of Spain, with Notes by Miss
Pardoe, Lon.. 1850, 2 vols. Svo. Severely condemned in
the London Athenæum, 1850, 918-19, 1375-76.
It is unfortunate, however, for the present writer that this
portion of Spanish history should have been so ably and so com-
pletely gone over by an historian of such high standing as Mr.
Prescott—and we can easily believe the hesitation and anxiety
which the writer modestly tells us she felt in entering on this
part of her task. . . . We regret that Mrs. George should so re-
peatedly throw out insinuations as to the integrity of Isabella's
motives, both in her war against the Moor, and in the severer
measures adopted by her against the Jews. Mr. Prescott, who
certainly has had access to every document which could throw
light on her character, expressly maintains the unsuspected in-
tegrity of her motives."-Uin supra.
George, John. 1. Offence of Libel, Lon., 1812, 8vo.
"Too much praise cannot be given to him for the liberality of
the principles which pervade it."-Elin. Rev., Oct. 1813.
2. Law rel. to Joint Stock Companies, 2d ed., 1825, Svo.
3. Cause of Dry Rot Discovered, Svo.
"One of the most valuable of modern improvements.”—Lʊn.
Gardener's Mag.. April, 1829.
George, Wm., D.D. Serms., 1732, '49.
Georgeson, Sir P. Defence of Parl. In Latin. Trans.
Gerahty, James. Letter to Lord Cottenham, 1845.
Gerahty, James. See GERATHY.
Gerard, Alexander, D.D., 1728-1795, a divine of
the Ch. of Scotland; Prof. of Philos. in Marischal Coll.,
Aberdeen, 1750; of Divinity, 1760; of Divinity in King's
Coll., Aberdeen, 1771. 1. Essay on Taste, Lon., 1759, Svo;
Edin., 1764, 12mo; 1780, Svo. 2. Serms., 1759-61. 3.
Dissertations, 1766, 67, Svo. 4. Essay on Genius, 1767,
74, Svo. 5. Serms., 1776-7S. 6. 19 Serms., Lon., 1780-
82, 2 vols. Svo.
"Ilis Sermons were simple and plain, adapted to the common
class of hearers, but so accurate as to secure the approbation of
the ablest judges."-CHALMERS.
7. Pastoral Care, ed. by Gilbert Gerard, 1799, Svo.
"In this highly meritorious work the able author has rendered
that service to the Church of Scotland which our own had pre-
viously derived from that of Bp. Burnet.”—Lmondes's Brit. Lib.
S. Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion, by
Alex. Gerard, D.D., and Gilbert Gerard, D.D., 1828, Svo.
See Encyc. Brit.
Gerard, Capt. Alexander. 1. Account of Koona-
wur in the Himalaya, ed. by G. Lloyd, Lon., 1841, Svo.
"If the adventures through which Captain Gerard passed had
been in the hands of some of our book-makers, what three-tomed
ad-captandum exploits they would have carved out of them! What
pencillings Willis would have made from Captain Gerard's expe
riences!”—Lom. Atlas, Nov. 13, 1841.
2. Capt. A. Gerard and Major Sir Wm. Lloyd's Tours in
the Himalaya, 1846, 2 vols. in 1, Svo.
"Of the three tours, the two by the enterprising brothers Gerard
were purely scientific in their objects. ... Major Sir W. Lloyd's
contribution is in the form of a journal; and is the most popular
portion of the work."-Lon. Spectator.
"A more valuable and engaging work we would strive in vain
at this moment to name among the recent mass of new books."-
Lem. Monthly Rev.
Gerard, Gilbert, D.D., d. 1815, Prof. of Greek, and
subsequently of Divinity, in King's Coll., Aberdeen, was a
son of Dr. Alexander Gerard. 1. Serm., Lon., 1797, Svo.
2. Institutes of Biblical Criticism, Lon., 1806, Svo; Elin.,
1803, Svo.
659
GER
GIB
"Of general and elementary treatises there is none which is more
to be recommended, either for perspicuity or correctness, than the
Institutes of Biblical Criticism, by Dr. Gerard."-BISHOP MARSH.
"No one can deny the merit of accurate learning and judicious
arrangement to this work; but it certainly is one of the driest and
most uninteresting books ever written on the Bible.”—Orme's
Bibl. Bib.
See GERARD, ALEXANDER, D.D.
Gerard, James, M.D. 1. Con. to Med. Com., 1785.
2. Con. to Mem. Med., 1795.
Gerard, or Gerrard, Wm. The Seaman's Preceptor,
1803, Svo.
Gerarde, John, 1545-1607? a surgeon and herbalist.
1. Catalogus Arborium, &c., Lon., 1596, 4to; 1599, fol.
Very rare. 2. The Herbal; or, General Hist. of Plants,
1597, fol. By Dr. Thomas Johnson, 1633, '36, fol.; 1744,
810.
From its being well timed, from its comprehending almost the
whole of the subjects then known, by being written in English,
and ornamented with a more numerous set of figures than had
ever accompanied any work of the kind in this kingdom, it ob-
tained great repute.”—PULTENEY.
See PARKINSON, JOHN.
“A book in which the botanical student will find much amuse-
ment, and an excellence of description rare even in modern works."
-Dr. J. Johnston's Berwick Flora.
It is not now esteemed at all by botanists, at least in the first
edition."-Hullum's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
See Sir James Edward Smith's English Flora. He often
quotes and commends it.
Gerardot, Rev. J. French Grammar, &c., 1815.
Gerat, Capt. Barry. Military Discipline. In Irish,
with figures, Bruxelles, 1634, fol.
Gerathy, or Gerahty, James. 1. State of Ireland,
Lon., 1799, Svo. 2. The Union, 1799, 8vo.
A
Gerbier, Sir Balthasar, 1591–1667, an artist, a na-
tive of Antwerp, emigrated to England, where he resided
at the time of his death. He pub. some treatises on For-
tifications, Building, &c., 1649–65. See Lowndes's Bibl.
Man.; Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting; Pilkington's Dict.;
Lysons's Environs.
Gerbier, Charles. 1. Astrologo-Mastrix, Lon., 1646,
4to. 2. The Praise of Worthy Women, 1651, 12mo.
Gerbier, George D'Ouvilly. The False Favourite
disgraced, &c.; a Tragi-Com., Lon., 1657, 12mo.
Gere, Wm. Reformation of the Law, 1659, 4to.
Geree, John, 1600-1649, a Puritan divine, minister
of St. Alban's, 1645, of St. Faith's, London, 1649, pub.
Vindicia Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ, 1644, 4to, some serms., &c.
Geree, John. Serm., Lon., 1706, 4to.
Geree, Stephen, brother of the first-named John,
and also a Puritan divine, pub. a Serm., Lon., 1639, Svo,
and The Doctrines of the Antinomians confuted; an an-
swer to Dr. Crisp, Lon., 1644, 4to.
Gerhard, Benjamin, a lawyer of Phila. Williams
(Joshua) on Personal Property. Second Amer. from the
Eng. ed. of 1852. Carefully and thoroughly annotated, by
B. G., Phila., 1854, 8vo. See WILLIAMs, Joshua.
Gerhard, W. W., M.D., b. 1809, in Philadelphia, Lec-
turer on Clinical Med. in the Univ. of Penna., brother of
the preceding. 1. Clinical Guide, Phila., Svo. 2. Lect. on
the Diagnosis, Pathology, and Treatment of the Diseases
of the Chest, 1842, Svr; new ed., 1854, Svo.
si
This is the best refutation of the charges which are constantly
made against physical exploration in medicine, by those who ap
pear to imagine that science can never advance beyond the point
at which they ceased to learn."-Amer. Jour. of Med. Sci.
Edited Graves's System of Clinical Medicine, with Notes
and Additions, Phila., Svo. He has also contributed many
articles to the Amer. Jour. Medical Sciences, Medical Exa-
miner, &c.
Gerland, flourished 1082, the earliest known writer in
England in mathematical science after the Norman Con-
quest, composed a treatise on the Computus, beginning with
1182, and a treatise on the Abacus. The first will be found
in the British Museum, and the latter in the Bibliothèque
Royale at Paris; both in MS.
..
The author appears to be learned in his subject, and avows
that his design in compiling this work (on the Computus] was to
correct and clear up the errors and doubts of his predecessors, espe
cially of Bede."-Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Gerrald, or Gerald, Joseph. Political tracts, 1793,
94, Svo.
Gerrans, B. Travels of Rabbi Benjamin through
Europe, Asia, and Africa, Lon., 1783, 12mo. These travels
were performed during the 12th century.
Gerrard, Miss, d. 1807, pub. a vol. of miscellanies in
prose and verse.
Gerrard, John. Poems, Lon., 1770, 4to.
Gerrard, Rev. John. The Roman Sigallarium, Lon.,
1792, 4to. In English and Latin. This valuable treatise,
a great assistance to those engaged in the study of Roman
antiquities, was reprinted in Facciolati's Lexicon.
1
Gerrard, Philip. A Godly Invective, Lon., 1547,
'59, Svo. He advocates "free passage" for the Bible.
Gerry, Elbridge, 1744-1814, a native of Marblehead,
Mass., Governor of Mass., 1810, Vice-Prest. U. States, 1813,
pub. some political papers. See James T. Austin's Memoirs
of his Life, Boston, 1828, Svo;-reviewed by Edward Eve-
rett, in N. Amer. Rev., xxviii. 37;-Goodrich's Lives;
Amer. Quar. Rev., iii. 469.
|
Gersaint, E. F. Etchings of Rembrandt, 1752.
Gervase, a monk of the priory of Christ Church, Can-
terbury, temp. Richard I., wrote Tractatus de Combustione
et reparatione Dorobornensis ecclesiæ, (in Eng. ed. by A.
J. Dunkin, Lon., 1845, Svo;) another tract; a history of
the Archbishops of Canterbury; and a Chronicle of the
reigns of Stephen, Henry II., and Richard I. These will
be found in Twysden's Hist. Anglican. Scriptores Decem,
1652, fol.; coll. 1285-1684.
+6
Reported to have been a most judicious antiquary, and me
thodical historian, and to bave made excellent collections of the
British and English story, from the coming in of the Trojans down
to the year 1200."-Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib.
"His chronicle of the reigns of Stephen, Henry, and Richard, is
one of the most valuable of the bistorical memorials of the twelfth
century."— Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Gervase of Chichester, flourished 1170, is best
known by his Commentary on the prophecy of Malachi
on the duties of the Priesthood, of which there is a good
He also
MS. in the British Museum, MS. Reg. iii., B. x.
wrote a book of Homilies, and some other theolog. treatises.
number of works ascribed to him, but an eminent authority
Gervase of Tilbury, temp. Henry II., has had a
(Thomas Wright) assures us that the Otia Imperialia is the
only one he is known with any certainty to have written.
The Otia Imperialia is a curious compendium of history,
geography, natural phenomena, &c. For an account of
this work, its edits., and other works ascribed to Gervase,
see Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., and authorities there cited.
Gervis, Henry. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1811.
Gery, Robert, of Islington. Serm., 1706.
Gery, Thomas. Divinity of the Scriptures, 1657.
Gesner, Abraham, M.D., a distinguished geologist,
a native of Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, has pub. a work on
the Mineralogy and Geology of Nova Scotia, one on the
Industrial Resources of Nova Scotia, and several other
He has also attained considerable reputation as
a chemist, and among the results of his investigations is
the discovery of the Keroseal Gas.
·
treatises.
book of Sir Charles Lyell in his geological survey of Nova Scotia,
The Mineralogy and Geology of Nova Scotia was the guide.
and after the most thorough examination was pronounced by him
to be exceedingly correct.”—Men of the Time, Ň. York, 1852.
Gest, Edmund. A Treatise againste the preue Masse,
in the behalfe and furtheraunce of the mooste holye Com-
munyon, Lon., 1548, 16mo.
After her
Gethin, Lady Grace, 1676-1697, a daughter of Sir
George Norton of Abbots-Leith, Somersetshire, married
Sir Richard Gethin of Gethin-grott, in Ireland.
death was pub. Reliquiæ Gethiniana; a Collection of choice
Discourses, Pleasant Apothegms, and Witty Sentences,
Lon., 1699, 1700, 4to. Very rare. See Ballard's Memoirs
of British Ladies.
Gething, Richard, a famous penman, a native of
Herefordshire, settled in London about 1616. 1. A Copy-
book, ob. 4to. 2. Chirographia, 1645, '64. 3. Calligrapho-
technia, 1652, fol.
Getseus, Daniel. Ch. of England, &c., Oxon.,
1658, Svo.
Getz, George. Precedents in Conveyancing, 3d ed.
Phila., 1845, 8vo. See Western Law Jour., 140.
Geyer, H. S. Statutes of Missouri, St. Louis, 1817.
Ghyles, Thomas. Joint Sickness or Gout, 1685.
Gib, Adam, 1713-1788, a native of Perthshire, wa
one of the founders of the Secession Church in Scotland.
See ERSKINE, EBENEZER, and authorities there referred
to, and Stark's Biographia Scotica. Gib was the leader
of the division called Antiburghers. 1. Present Truth; a
display of the Secession Testimony, Edin., 1774, 2 vols.
8vo. 2. Sacred Contemplations, &c., 1786.
Gibb, John. Serm. on Rom. xiii. 6, 7, Brist., 1721, 4to.
Gibbens, Nicholas. Questions and Disputations
upon the first fourteen Chapters of Genesis, Lon., 1601, 4to.
Gibbes, Charles, D.D. 31 Serms., Lon., 1677, 4to.
Gibbes, George Smith, M.D., pub. treatises on
Animal Matters, 1796; Bath Waters, 1800, '03; and con.
to Phil. Trans., 1794, and to Nicholson's Jour., 1799.
Gibbes, Robert Wilson, M.D., b. 1809, in Charles-
ton, S.C.. President of the South Carolina Medical Associa-
660
7
'GIB
GIB
1
tion. 1. Memoir of James De Veaux, the Artist, 1845. 2. which he felt himself to be not so well versed as in more
Biographical Sketch of Charles Fraser, the Artist. 3. Do- abstruse researches. Finding that Swift, Addison, Ro
cumentary History of the American Revolution; consisting bertson, and Hume, were praised for various graces of
of Letters and Papers relating to the Contest for Liberty, style, or strength and perspicuity of diction, he read them
chiefly in South Carolina, from Originals in the possession with great care, and ardently longed to gain some measure
of the Editor, and other Sources, Columbia, S.C., and N.Y.,of that distinction which had rewarded their efforts to in-
1853, &c., 3 vols. 8vo: vol. i., 1761–1776; vol. ii., 1776-1781; struct or please the world.
vol. iii., 1781-1782.
In 1761 Gibbon confided to Dr. Maty the secret that be
"The editor, with a rare spirit of patriotism, has been engaged had in a matured state an Essai sur l'étude de la Littéra-
for twenty-five years in collecting these valuable and interesting ture, composed in French, and requested his opinion of its
papers, in the hope of preserving materials for American history merits. His counsellor urged its publication, and when
which might otherwise have been lost. These are given for their the young author hesitated to trust himself into the hands
intrinsic value, and in the order of dates, without reference to
cial events. He trusts they will be received, as they are offered. as of critics, his father, ever anxious for his advancement,
a contribution to the history of that glorious Revolution of which insisted upon its being given to the world. Accordingly,
every memorial is dear to South Carolina and her sister States.”
it made its appearance in 1761, in a 12mc vol. The foreign
In 1842, he pub., in Amer. Jour. of Med. Sciences, an ar-critics commended it, but at home it was scarcely noticed,
ticle on Pneumonia, which revolutionized its treatment, by and made no impression at all upon the public mind
opposing the use of the lancet. It has been incorporated Some years later it was sought for with avidity:
in Watson's Practice of Medicine.
Gibbings, Richard. Roman Forgeries, &c., Lon.,
1842, '49, 8vo:
Gibbon. Serm. on Justification, &c., 1678.
Gibbon, Alex. Past and Present Delusions in the
Past and Present Delusions in the
Polit. Econ. of the United Kingdom, Lon., 1850, 8vo.
Gibbon, Charles, pub. The Remedie of Reason,
1589, 4to; A Work worth the Reading, &c., 1590-1604,
all 4to.
Gibbon, Edward, April 27, 1737–Jan. 16, 1794,
one of the most eminent of modern historians, was de-
scended from an ancient family of Kent. His grandfather,
Edward Gibbon, was one of the Commissioners of Customs
during the last four years of Queen Anne; and his father,
also Edward Gibbon, sat in Parliament in 1734 for Peters-
field, and in 1741 for Southampton. The subject of this
notice, born at Putney, in Surrey,—the eldest of five bro-
thers and a sister, all of whom died in their infancy,-was
admitted at Westminster school in 1749, and, three years
later, in 1752, was matriculated as a gentleman-commoner
of Magdalen College, Oxford. Not having received that
preparatory training which could alone have qualified him
for deriving much advantage, from his collegiate course,
we need not marvel that the fourteen months which he
spent at this famous seat of learning were "idle and un-
profitable." He tells us, indeed, that he brought to Ox-
ford "a stock of erudition that might have puzzled a
doctor, and a degree of ignorance of which a schoolboy
would have been ashamed;" but the latter statement will
be accepted with more readiness than the former. At the
early age of sixteen he was led, by the perusal of the
works of Bossuet and Parsons, to entertain doubts of the
soundness of the principles of the Reformation, and in
1753 we find him solemnly abjuring these errors at the
feet of a Roman Catholic priest in London. His father,
His father,
anxious both for his mental improvement and spiritual
benefit, sent him to Lausanne, in Switzerland, charging
his instructor, the Rev. Mr. Pavilliard, a Calvinist minis-
ter, to persuade him, if possible, of the unsoundness of
the tenets which he had so lately embraced. Young Gib-
bon was not impregnable, and on Christmas day. 1754,
only eighteen months after his conversion to Romanism,
after "a full conviction," he received the sacrament in
the church at Lausanne.
Having now none of the temptations to gay company
which had robbed him of many of his college hours, he
applied himself to study with a praiseworthy anxiety to
store his mind with useful knowledge, and speedily ac-
quired a creditable acquaintance with the Greek, Latin, and
French languages, Jurisprudence, and Belles-Lettres. His
hours of application were relieved by the society of a young
lady of great beauty and many accomplishments, Made-
moiselle Susan Curchod, to whom the attentions of the
English student were not disagreeable. But the father of
the object of his affections discouraging a matrimonial
alliance, the young people bore their disappointment in a
most philosophical manner. Gibbon tells us that his
wound was insensibly healed by time, and that the lady
was not unhappy: he returned to the classics, and Mile.
Curchod became the wife of the celebrated Mr. Necker,
and the mother of Mme. de Stael. But the youthful lover
did not seek consolation in the marriage state; he lived
and died a bachelor. “Since the failure of my first wishes,"
he remarks, when over fifty. "I have never entertained
any serious thoughts of a matrimonial connection."
In 1758 he returned to England, after an absence of
nearly five years, and, through his acquaintance with David
Mallett, gained admittance into a class of society which
enabled him to display his own acquirements, and gather
that general knowledge of current English literature in
the memory of my first production, and the Essay was eagerly
"The publication of my Iistory, fifteen years afterwards, revived
sought for in the shops; but I refused the permission of reprint-
ing it, and when a copy has been discovered at a sale, the primi-
tive value of 2s. 6d. has risen to the fanciful price of 20 or 30
shillings."- Autobiography.
About the time of the publication of this Essay he was
appointed Captain of the South battalion of the Hampshire
militia, and for two years and a half endured "a wander-
ing life of military servitude." He discharged his duties
with zeal and fidelity, but was not sorry to return to the
ease of civil life, upon the disbanding of his regiment on
the restoration of peace in 1762-63. At a later period he
resumed his military duties, and attained the rank of
lieutenant-colonel, and commandant of his regiment. In
1763 he again visited the continent, furnished with letters
to persons of distinction in France from Horace Walpole,
the Duke de Nivernois, Lady Hervey, and David Mallett.
In Paris he was pleased to find that his Essay had made
his name familiar to the leaders of fashion and letters, and
he soon mingled on easy terms with D'Alembert, Diderot,
Helvetius. Count de Caylus, the Abbé de Bleterie, Bar-
thelemy, Raynal, Arnaud, and others of more or less note.
Those who appear surprised at the deep-seated infidelity
and easy effrontery in indecency which are so painfully
manifest in the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,
lay too little stress on the fact that a moral ruin in the
better nature of the author had preceded the political
decadence which he has so eloquently described. We have
here, of course, no reference to habits of life or the eco-
nomy of social duties. We go further: we speak of the
"heart, out of which are the issues of life," and we affirm
that, when the desire of the approbation and fear of the
judgments of God have been banished, then the glory has
departed from the temple, and the palace, however beauti-
ful, can claim but the chilling grandeur of the tomb.
In May, 1763, Gibbon revisited Lausanne, where he had
resided for nearly a year, and in 1764 we find him, with
all that devotion which he had once cherished for Chris-
tianity transferred to the worship of classical antiquity, a
pilgrim at the gates of the Eternal City.
He had long anxiously revolved in his mind many pro-
minent eras in the history of the world, in the hope of ac-
quiring by their happy treatment that fame which Robert-
son and Hume considered as an ample reward for their
"days and nights" of patient research and wearisome toil.
The mind of Gibbon was therefore in a state peculiarly
alive to the influence of strong emotion, and this visit to
Rome decided the theme which should carry his name to
posterity, gathering in its progress, we may add, the
mingled admiration and reproach of successive generations
to the end of time. That biographer will do the historian
injustice who shall relate for him what he has so eloquently
told himself the inception and completion of the Decline
and Fall of the Roman Empire.
"It was at Rome," he tells us, "on the 15th of October, 1764. as
I sat musing amidst the ruins of the Capitol, while the bare-footed
of writing the decline and fall of the city first started to my mind.
friars were singing vespers in the temple of Jupiter, that the idea
But my original plan was circumscribed to the decay of the city
rather than of the empire; and, though my reading and reflections
began to point towards that object, some years elapsed, and seve
ral avocations intervened, before I was seriously engaged in the
execution of that laborious work."-Autobiography.
England, to whom Gibbon was warmly attached, united
In 1767, Mr. Deyverdun, a Swiss gentleman, then in
with him in the publication of a literary Journal, entitled
Memoires Littéraires de la Grande Brétagne, of which only
two vols. appeared, (1767-68.)
"It is not my wish to deny how deeply I was interested in theso
Memoirs, of which I need not be ashamed. . . . I will presume to
say that their merit was superfor to their reputation; but it is
661
GIB
GIB
not less true that they were productions of more reputation than
emolument.”— Autobiography.
We may remark that the version of part of Anstey's
New Bath Guide, in the Memoirs, has been declared equal
to the celebrated Towneley Hudibras: the Review of Wal-
pole's Historic Doubts was written by David Hume. These
two (12mo) vols. are now rare. Hanrott's copy sold for
£6 168. 6d. Gibbon's next publication—an anonymous one,
in 1770-was Critical Observations on the Sixth Book of the
Eneid.
This was an attack upon Bishop Warburton's
celebrated hypothesis in the Divine Legation of Moses,
respecting the descent of Eneas to hell.
"According to Bishop Warburton the descent to hell is not a
ale but a mimic scene; which represents the initiation of Eneas,
in the character of a lawgiver, to the Eleusinian mysteries. This
hypothesis, a singular character in the divine legation of Moses.
had been admitted by many as true; it was praised by all as inge
nious, nor had it been exposed, in a space of thirty years, to a fair
and critical discussion. . . . As the Bishop of Gloucester and his
purty maintained discreet silence, my critical disquisition was soon
lost among the pamphlets of the day; but the public coldness was
Overbalanced to my feelings by the weighty approbation of the last
and best editor of Virgil, Professor Heyne, of Gottingen; who ac-
quiesces in my confutation, and styles the unknown author 'doc-
tus . . . et elegantissimus Britannus.' . . . In the fifteen years
between my Essay on the Study of Literature and the first volume
of the Decline and Fall. (1761-1776,) this criticism on Warburton,
and some articles in the journal, were my sole publications."-
Autobiography.
From the year 1768, Gibbon devoted himself with zealous
industry to the preparation of his great work, "the labour
of six quartos and twenty years," and in 1776 gave the
first volume to the world. Its success was immediate and
complete.
“I am at a loss how to describe the success of the work, without
betraying the vanity of the writer. The first impression was ex-
hausted in a few days; a second and third edition were scarcely
adequate to the demand: and the bookseller's property was twice
invaded by the pirates of Dublin. My book was upon every table,
and almost on every toilette; the historian was crowned by the
taste or fashion of the day."
"Christianity alone receives no embellishment from the magic
of Gibbon's language; his imagination is dead to its moral dignity;
it is kept down by a general tone of jealous disparagement, or neu-
tralised by a painfully elaborate exposition of its darker and de-
generate periods. There are occasions, indeed, when its pure and
exalted humanity, when its manifestly beneficial influence, can
compel even him, as it were, to fairness, and kindle his unguarded
eloquence to its usual fervour; but in general he soon relapses into
a frigid apathy; affects an ostentatiously severe impartiality; notes
all the faults of Christians in every age with bitter and almost
maliguant sarcasm; reluctantly, and with exception and reserva-
tion, admits their claim to admiration. . . . The glories of Chris-
The glories of Chris-
tianity, in short, touch on no cord in the heart of the writer; his
imagination remains unkindled; his words, though they maintain
their stately and measured march, have become cool, argumenta-
···
tive, and inanimate."
In 1781 appeared the 2d and 3d vols. of the Decline and
Fall. The author complains of "the coldness and even
prejudice of the town," but we are assured by contempo-
raneous authority that they were received with "eager-
ness and approbation." In September, 1783, the historian
put into execution a plan long cherished and ardently
anticipated,- -a permanent establishment at Lausanne.
In 1774 Mr. Gibbon entered the House of Commons, in
which he sat for eight years a silent supporter of Lord
North's administration. His claims were not overlooked,
and a seat at the Board of Trade, with an income of £700
to £800, which he enjoyed for three years, was an agreeable
addition to the revenue derived from his paternal acres.
"From my early acquaintance with Lausanne, I had always
cherished a secret wish that the school of my youth might become
A moderate fortune would secure
the retreat of my declining age.
people, the manners, the language, were congenial to my taste;
the blessings of ease, leisure, and independence: the country, the
and I might indulge the hope of passing some years in the do-
mestic society of a friend. After travelling with several English,
Mr. Deyverdun was now settled at home, in a pleasant habitation,
the gift of his doceased aunt: we had long been separated, we had
long been silent; yet in my first letter I exposed, with the most
perfect confidence, my situation, my sentiments, and my designs.
His immediate answer was a warm and joyful acceptance: the
picture of our future life provoked my impatience; and the terms
of arrangement were short and simple, as he possessed the pro-
perty, and I undertook the expense of our common house."-
Autobiography.
In this delightful retreat, the charms of which the
recluse has drawn with so exquisite a pencil, the concluding
chapters of the Decline and Fall moved rapidly on to
completion, and, in 1787, vols. iv., v., and vi., were ready
for the press. Bearing in remembrance what we have
remarked in a preceding page, we give the account of the
author's feelings on concluding a work so grand, so truly
But though the "historian" was warmly and justly com-
mended, the assailant of Christianity did not escape strong
and deserved rebuke. A list of the principal strictures
elicited by the famous 15th and 16th chapters will be found Alas for that prospect which is bounded by the tomb!
in Chalmers's Biog. Dict., to which we refer the reader. Had the hope of the Christian animated the breast of the
Some of these works we have already had occasion to no- scholar, the anticipation of a "life short and precarious,"
tice, and others will come under our consideration in future instead of being a cause of grief, would have been produc-
portions of this volume. Among those particularly noticed tive of joy. But the thought of the Morning of the Resur
by Gibbon in his Autobiography are those of Davis, Wat-rection, if at all entertained by the skeptic, could have
son, Apthorpe, Taylor, Priestley, Dalrymple, and White. been a source of nothing but horror, surely not of desire.
Bishop Watson's work-An Apology for Christianity, in a Thus did not Boerhaave, thus did not Grotius, nor New-
Series of Letters to Edward Gibbon-is now the best-known ton, nor Burke, regard the coming on of "that night when
of these vindications. It is not at all necessary that we no man can work." The historian proceeds to remark :
should enlarge upon a theme which has received such am-
ple consideration from so many who are well qualified to
judge in the premises. That Gibbon was successful in de-
ceiving even himself by his sophistry we do not at all
believe; and that any candid inquirer can attach much
weight to objections so specious it is still more difficult to
credit. The aversion with which the mind of the historian
contemplated the subject of Christianity can be no marvel
when we remember the impenitent remorse which must
have mingled with his assumption of philosophical skepti- |
cism. That he strove to be an infidel we have ample evi-
dence; that he ever rested satisfied in the exchange which
he had made for the faith of his early days we cannot
concede. He speaks of Christianity as we may imagine
the ingrate to speak of that friend whose kindness he had
rewarded by an attempt to ruin his peace, betray his con-
fidence, and blast his reputation. To use the admirable
language of Mr. Milman,
“I will add two facts, which have seldom occurred in the com-
position of six, or even of fire. quartos. 1. My first rough manu-
script, without any intermediate copy, has been sent to the press.
2. Not a sheet has been seen by any human eyes excepting those
of the author and the printer; the faults and the merits are ex-
clusively my own."-Autobiography.
great, in his own language:
"It was on the day, or rather night, of the 27th of June, 1787,
between the hours of eleven and twelve. that I wrote the last
lines of the last page. in a summer-house in my garden. After
laying down my pen, I took several turns in a berceau, or covered
walk of acacias, which commands a prospect of the country, the
lake, and the mountains. The air was temperate, the sky was
serene, the silver orb of the moon was reflected from the waters,
and all nature was silent. I will not dissemble the first emotions
of joy on the recovery of my freedom, and, perhaps, the establish-
ment of my fame. But my pride was soon humbled, and a sober
melancholy was spread over my mind, by the idea that I had taken
an everlasting leave of an old and agreeable companion, and that
whatsoever might be the future date of my history, the life of the
historian must be short and precarious."
Gibbon now visited England, to superintend the publica-
tion of the conclusion of his work, for which he received
a large sum from the publisher, Mr. Cadell. When the
sheets were all printed, the day of publication was de-
layed, that it might coincide with the author's fifty-first
anniversary of his birthday:
"The double festival was celebrated by a cheerful literary din-
ner at Mr. Cadell's house; and I seemed to blush while they read
an elegant compliment from Mr. Hayley, whose poetical talents.
had more than once been employed in the praises of his friend.”
The sale of the last vols. was rapid; and, to supply the
demand, an edition of the whole work, in 12 vols. 8vo, was
pub., 1788-90. Gibbon's profit on the whole is stated to
have been £6000, whilst the booksellers netted the hand-
some sum of £60,000.
Mr. Gibbon returned to Lausanne, July 30, 1788, and in
about a year from this time met with an irreparable loss
in the death of his friend Deyverdun. He was now thrown
himself in writing his own Memoirs,-to which we have
more upon his own resources for amusement, and occupied
been largely indebted in this sketch,-projecting a series
of biographical portraits of eminent Englishmen from the
time of Henry VIII., (never prepared,) and some other
literary labours.
The events which followed the first excesses of the
French Revolution threatened the peace of Switzerland,
and the blast of war startled the recluse in his library.
With reluctant steps he left the charming retreat, endeared
to him alike by the remembrances of boyhood and the
tranquil satisfactions of mature years, and bent his way to
the great metropolis of his native land. He arrived at
London in June, 1793, spent some time in the city with
his friend Lord Sheffield, and subsequently accompanied
662
GIB
GIB
most engaging and dignified manner of the most important eras in
the world's annals can allow himself to remain unacquainted with
the life and correspondence of its very remarkable author."-Lon.
Monthly Rev.
"It is perhaps the best specimen of autobiography in the English
language. Descending from the lofty level of bis history, and
relaxing the stately march which he maintains throughout that
work, into a more natural and easy pace. this enchanting writer,
with an ease. a spirit, and a vigour peculiar to himself, conducts
his readers through a sickly childhood, a neglected and desultory
education, and a youth wasted in the unpromising and unscholar-
like occupation of a militia officer, to the period when he resolutely
applied the energies of his genius to a severe course of voluntary
study, which, in the space of a few years, rendered him a consumi-
mate master of Roman antiquity, and lastly produced the history
of the decline and fall of the mighty empire.”—Lom. Quar. Rev.,
xii. 35-391, 7. v.
..
The autobiography of GIBBON, attached to his Posthumous
Works, edited by Lord Sheffield, has been perhaps the most popu-
lar production of its kind, of modern times. It is winning in an
unusual degree. The periods flow with a sort of liquid cadence.
The facts are beautifully brought together and ingeniously argued
upon; and the life of a studious Recluse has something about it
of the air of a romantic Adventurer. This is attributable to the
charm, the polish. the harmony of the style. But the Autobio
vols.graphy of Gibbon is, in fact, the consummation of ART; and never
|
were pages more determinedly and more elaborately written for
the admiration of posterity. How different is the Autobiography
of HUME! But both these great writers were the same—in their
own memoirs and their histories: the former, like Johnson's de-
scription of Gray, had generally a kind of strutting dignity, and
was tall by walking on tip-toe: the latter, all simplicity and per-
spicuity, would rather be courted by, than court, the Graces: and
his style was grace itself."-Dibdin's Lib. Amp.
As regards the various edits. of the Decline and Fall,
For
Dean Milman's (see No. 18, above) has no rival.
family reading, where it is not pleasant to be obliged to
keep the eyes always a little in advance of the voice, if
reading aloud, or where you hesitate to trust infidelity and
indecency uncorrected to your children, Bowdler's edit. is
to be preferred; and we should be glad to see a new
edition, say in 3 vols. Svo, price not over £2.
Of course
the scholar can by no means dispense with Milman's ex-
cellent edition, which contains the unmutilated text of
and illustrated with notes, to correct the errors of Gibbon,
Gibbon, carefully revised, particularly in the quotations;
and especially to put the unwary reader on his guard
against his misstatements regarding Christianity.
him to Sheffield Place, where they passed the summer. In
In
October he paid a visit to Mrs. Gibbon, the widow of his
father, and to Lord Spencer at Althorp, and then returned
to London, where he expired, after a few hours' illness,
January 15, 1794, from the effects of a rupture (resulting
in hydrocele) of more than thirty years' standing.
"The valet-de-chambre observed, that Mr. Gibbon did not, at
any time, shew the least sign of alarm, or apprehension of death;
and it does not appear that he ever thought himself in danger,
unless his desire to speak to Mr. Darrell may be considered in that
light."-Lord Sheffield's Memoirs.
His lordship informs us that, "twenty hours before his
death, Mr. Gibbon happened to fall into a conversation
not uncommon with him on the probable duration of his
life. He said that he thought himself good for ten, twelve,
or perhaps twenty years.
""
In 1799, Lord Sheffield, for many years his attached
friend, pub. The Miscellaneous Works of Edward Gibbon,
Esq., with Memoirs of his Life and Writings, composed
oy himself: illustrated from his Letters, with occasional
Notes and Narrative, 2 vols. 4to. A 3d vol. was added in
1815; and a new ed. of the whole, with addits., in 5
8vo, was issued in the same year; also pub. in r. 8vo. New
ed., in one large Svo vol., pp. 848, 1837. The Antiquities
of the House of Brunswick was printed (privately) sepa-
rately in 1814. The forty-fourth chapter of the Decline
and Fall, under the title of A Survey of the Civil Law,
&c., has been printed separately several times at home
and abroad.
There are several French edits., one corrected and en-
larged by Professor Warnkoënig, Liège, 1821, Svo. See
also A Survey of the Civil Law, with Notes by Professor
Hugo; trans. from the German by W. Gardiner, Edin.,
1824, 12mo. The value of this Survey it would be diffi-
cult to exaggerate.
"Perhaps the most masterly and elaborate account of the Civil
Law which is extant is to be found in the forty-fourth chapter of
Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Lord Mansfield
characterised it as beautiful and spirited.' "—Warren's Law Stu-
dies.
"We have no hesitation in strongly recommending this chapter
to the attentive perusal of the student, as containing a succinct
and masterly historical view of the Roman Law. As a summary
it certainly stands unrivalled, and as a mere outline only is it to
be read. . . . This chapter, for what it professes to be, is luminous,
learned, succinct, and satisfactory.
"But the high estimation in which Mr. Gibbon's outline is held
on the continent, where the Roman Law has for so many centu-
ries been thoroughly studied. and elaborately written on, will be
regarded as strong evidence of its high merit.”—Hoffman's Legal
Study.
Professor Hoffman censures the depreciating remarks
upon Gibbon's Survey thrown out by the editor of Sir Wm.
Jones's Treatise on Bailments. For other opinions upon
the Survey, see 1 Brown's Civil Law, Pref., 2; Irving's Civil
Law, 188.
We have already noticed two edits. of the Decline and
Fall of the Roman Empire, viz. :-1. 1776-SS, 5 vols. 4to;
2. 1788-90, 12 vols. Svo. We proceed to notice, 3. 1802,
12 vols. Svo; 4. Abridgt., by the Rev. Charles Hereford,
1789, 2 vols. 8vo; 5. Edin., 1811, 12 vols. Svo; 6. Lon.,
1815, 12 vols. 8vo; 7. Expurgated ed., by Thomas Bowdler,
1826, 5 vols. Svo.
"The indecent expressions, and all allusions of an improper
tendency, have been erased."
S. Corrected ed., particularly in the Greek Notes, Oxf.,
1828, 8 vols. Svo; 9. Pub. by H. Bohn, imp. Svo; 10. By
Chalmers, pub. by Longman, Svo; 11. By Guizot, pub. by
A. Hall, 2 vols. r. Svo; 12. Pub. by Pickering, S vols. 8vo,
and large paper; 13. By Westley and Davis, 1837, 1 vol.
r. Svo; 14. With the Notes of Guizot, Wenck, and the
Editor, by the Rev. H. N. Milman, pub. by Murray, 1838,
12 vols. 8vo. (See Nos. 15 and 18.) 15. Second ed. of the
preceding, with addits., 1846, 6 vols. 8vo; 16. Pub. by
Virtue, illustrated, 1850, 2 vols., sup. r. Svo; 17. With
variorum Notes, including those of Guizot, Wenck, Nie-
buhr, Hugo, Neander, and other foreign scholars, edited
by an English Churchman, pub. in Bohn's Brit. Classics,
vols. i.-v., 1853-54; 18. Third ed. of Milman's ed., with
additional Notes by Dr. Wm. Smith, portrait and maps,
pub. by Murray, 1854-55, S vols. 8vo.
This edition includes the Autobiography of Gibbon, and
is distinguished by careful revision of the text, verifica-
tion of all the references to ancient writers, and notes
incorporating the results of the researches of modern
scholars and the discoveries of recent travellers.
The Life and Corresp. of Gibbon, edited by Mr. Mil-
man, were pub. in 1839, Svo; and an edit. of the Autobio-
graphy was pub. by Whittaker in 2 vols., 12mo and 18mo.
"The Life of Gibbon is a valuable and necessary companiou to
the Decline and Full. No one who desires to be informed in the
The chief works from which Mr. Milman derived his
materials are:-I. The French translation, with Notes,
by M. Guizot. II. The German translation, with Notes
of Wenck. III. The new edition of Le Beau's Histoire
du Bas Empire, both with Notes by M. St. Martin and M.
Brosset. IV. Such works as have come to light since the
appearance of Gibbon's History.
There can be no question that this edition of Gibbon is the only
one extant to which parents and guardians, and academical au-
thorities, ought to give any measure of countenance. The editor's
illustrations on subjects of secular and literary interest are in
every respect such as might have been anticipated from his cha-
racter, as one of the most accomplished scholars and writers of his
age.”—REV. J. J. BLONT, in Lon. Quar. Rev., lxii. 360–385. q. v.
་་
Gibbon's History, especially as edited by Mr. Milman, is a work
for all time and for all classes. It never before was a work which
could be safely put into the hands of the young, or of those whose
Now, however, the errors of this luminous and imposing history
opportunities and means for detecting its perversions were few.
have been skilfully and convincingly noted. The poison, if not
extracted. has been made palpable."-Lon. Monthly Review.
**
"The name of Gibbon will occur to the student as a splendid,
but in some respects dangerous guide, down to the close of the
sixteenth century. We say he is a dangerous guide. in respect of his
religion; and we recommend the student to procure the Rev. H.
gross and malignant misrepresentations concerning the Christian
Milman's edition of Gibbon, in which that great writer's errors
and misrepresentations will be found exposed with candour, free-
dom, and learning."- Warren's Law Studies.
See also Lon. Quar. Rev., 1. 273-307, for a review of
Guizot's trans. of the Decline and Fall into French, Paris,
1828; a review of. Gibbon's Life in the Lon. Eclectic
Rev., 4th series, vi. 142; and articles in Fraser's Mag.,
xliii. 291; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1846, Pt. 1, 230, 587; Bost.
Chris. Rev., xiii. 34; N. York Democrat. Rev., xx. 521;
N. York Lit. and Theolog. Rev., ii. 38; Phila. Museum,
xxiv. 526; Phila. Analectic Mag., vi. 89. The student
must also peruse Porson's severe strictures, in the preface
to his Letters on Travis, on the indecency of portions of
the Decline and Fall, especially vols. v. and vi.; and the
notices of Gibbon in W. H. Prescott's Biog, and Crit. Mis-
cellanies, and in the other authorities from which we shall
proceed to quote.
We confess to so ardent an admiration of this truly
great author, that it is with pain we are obliged to advert
to his grave errors, for which genius, however exalted,
learning, however profound, and diction, however splen-
did, can make no adequate atonement. Not for the genius
of Homer, the wealth of the Indies, ncr "al' the learning
663
GIB
GIB
of the Egyptians," would we be willing to write one line
calculated to disturb the faith of the humblest Christian
in that inspired record which "hath God for its Author,
Truth for its substance, and Salvation for its end!" In a
world of trial, sorrow, and temptation, let no impious
hand presume to assail that Ark of Refuge and Consola-
tion which Divine mercy has provided for the guilt and
misery of humanity.
We conclude our notice of this distinguished writer
with some quotations from eminent authorities:
"After a first rapid perusal, which allowed me to feel nothing
but the interest of a narrative always animated, and, notwith-
standing its extent and the variety of objects which it makes to
pass before the view, always perspicuous, I entered upon a minute
examination of the details of which it was composed, and the
opinion which I then formed was, I confess, singularly severe. I
discovered, in certain chapters, errors which appeared to me suffi-
ciently important and numerous to make me believe that they had
been written with extreme negligence; in others, I was struck
with a certain tinge of partiality and prejudice, which imparted to
the exposition of the facts that want of truth and justice which
the English express by their happy term misrepresentation. Some
imperfect (tronquées) quotations, some passages omitted uninten-
tionally or designedly, have cast suspicion on the honesty (boune
foi) of the author; and his violation of the first law of history-
increased to my eyes by the prolonged attention with which I oc-
cupied myself with every phrase, every note, every reflection-
caused me to form on the whole a judgment far too rigorous. After
having finished my labours, I allowed some time to elapse before
I reviewed the whole. A second attentive and regular perusal of
the entire work, of the notes of the author, and of those which I
had thought it rignt to subjoin, showed me how much I had ex-
aggerated the importance of the reproaches which Gibbon really
deserved. I was struck with the saine errors, the same partiality
on certain subjects: but I had been far from doing adequate jus-
tice to the immensity of his researches, the variety of his know-
ledge, and, above all, to that truly philosophical discrimination
(justesse d'esprit) which judges the past as it would judge the
present; which does not permit itself to be blinded by the clouds
which time gathers around the dead, and which prevents us from
seeing that under the toga as under the modern dress, in the
senate as in our councils, men were what they still are, and that
events took place eighteen centuries ago as they take place in our
days. I then felt that his book, in spite of its faults, will always
be a noble work; and that we may correct his errors, and combat
his prejudices, without ceasing to admit that few men have com-
bined, if we are not to say in so high a degree, at least in a manner
so complete and so well regulated, the necessary qualifications for
a writer of history."--GUIZOT. See Lon. Quar. Rev., 1. 290.
It will now be interesting to see what was the author's
own opinion of the comparative merits of his different
volumes:
"The style of the first volume, in my opinion, is somewhat crude
and elaborate; in the second and third it is ripened into ease, cor-
rectness and numbers; but in the three last I may have been
seduced by the facility of my pen, and the constant habit of speak-
ing one language and writing another may have infused some
mixture of Gallic idioms.”—Autobiography.
The tribute of the historian of Modern Europe to his
"Gibbon was not, like Ilume, a self-thinking, deep-fathoming
man, who searched into the nature of things, existence and
thought, but was in these respects like the French, or like the
Scotchman Brougham, who has also attained this Franco-Genevese
capacity of quickly making other people's thoughts and investiga-
tions his own, and propounding them in an admirable manner.
Like the great French writers, he can take a quick and compre
hensive view of various departments of knowledge, and we can
therefore learn most readily through his instrumentality the re-
sults of the learned labours of the great collectors of materials
upon the theology, philosophy, and jurisprudence of the times of
declining antiquity, and of the rising middle ages. Because bis
eloquence and his great skill in representation give a charm and
splendour to the thoughts which he wishes to disseminate. he has
the full right of all men who are great in politics and literature to
claim that nobody should ask whether he was really in earnest,
or how his language and his conduct harmonized."-Schlosser's
Hist. of the Eighteenth Cent. &c.; trans. by D. Davidson.
As Schlosser has introduced the name of Lord Brougham
in his review of the characteristics of Gibbon, it will not
be inappropriate to quote some comments of the former
upon the style of the great historian of the Roman Empire.
"He will not condescend to be plain; he forgets that the very
business of the historian is to relate the history of events as they
happened. He must always shine; but, labouring for effect, he
wholly omits the obvious consideration that relief is absolutely
necessary to produce it; and forgets that a strong, unbroken light
may dazzle without pleasing, or may shine rather than illuminate,
and that a broad glare may be as confused and uninteresting as
darkness itself. The main fault of his style is the perpetual
effort which it discloses. Hume may have concealed his art better
than Robertson, yet the latter is ever at his entire ease, while
Gibbon is ever in the attitudes of the Academy; he is almost ago-
nistic. He can tell you not'sing in plain terms, unadorned with
figure, unseasoned with epigram and point."-Lord Brougham's
Men of Letters and Science, second series.
The remarks of Mr. Prescott in this connexion-him-
self a historian of the very first rank-are worthy of con-
sideration:
"The first two octavo volumes of Gibbon's History were written
in a comparatively modest and unaffected manner, for he was then
uncertain of public favour. And, indeed, his style was exceed-
ingly commended by the most competent critics of that day, as
Hume, Joseph Warton, and others. as is abundantly shown in
their correspondence. But when he had tasted the sweets of
popular applause, and had been crowned as the historian of the
day, his increased consequence becomes at once visible in the as-
sumed stateliness and magnificence of his learning. But even
after this period, whenever the subject is suited to his style, and
when his phlegmatic temper is warmed by those generous emotions
of which. as we have said, it was sometimes susceptible, he ex-
hibits his ideas in the most splendid and imposing forms of which
the English language is capable.”—Biog, and Crit. Miscellanies.
664
great predecessor is truly eloquent:
"
Gibbon, the architect of a bridge over the dark gulf which sepa-
rates ancient from modern times, whose vivid genius has tinged
with brilliant colours the greatest historical work in existence."―
ALISON.
A brief extract from the able critique of Professor
Smyth is all for which we can find space:
"If his work be not always history, it is often something more
than history, and above it: it is philosopby, it is theology, it is
wit and eloquence, it is criticism the most masterly upon every
subject with which literature can be connected. If the style bo
so constantly elevated as to be often obscure, to be often mono-
tonous, to be sometimes even ludicrously disproportioned to the
subject, it must at the same time be allowed, that, whenever an
opportunity presents itself, it is the striking and adequate repre-
sentation of comprehensive thought and weighty remark. It may
be necessary no doubt to warn the student against the imitation
of a mode of writing so little easy and natural. But the very ne
cessity of the caution implies the attraction that is to be resisted,
and it must be confessed that the chapters of the Decline and Fall
are replete with paragraphs of such melody and grandeur as would
be the fittest to convey to a youth of genius the full charm of
literary composition; and such as, when once heard, however
unattainable to the immaturity of his own mind, he would alone
consent to admire, or hope to emulate. ... When such is the
work, it is placed beyond the justice or the injustice of criticism;
the Christian may have, but too often, very just reason to com-
plain, the moralist to reprove, the man of taste to censure,-even
the historical inquirer may be fatigued and irritated by the
unseasonable and obscure splendour through which he is to dis
cover the objects of his research. But the whole is. notwithstand-
ing, such an assemblage of merits, so various. so interesting, and
so rare, that the History of the Decline and Fall must always be
considered as one of the most extraordinary monuments that have
appeared of the literary powers of a single mind, and its fame can
perish only with the civilization of the world."-Lect. on Mod.
Hist.
• ..
Gibbon is a writer full of thoughts; his language is in general
powerful and exquisite, but it has, to a great excess, the faults of
elaborateness, pompousness, and monotony. His style is full of
Latin and French words and phrases. The work of Gibbon,
however instructive and fascinating it may be, is nevertheless at
bottom an offensive one, on account of his deficiency in feeling,
and his propensity to the infidel opinions and impious mockeries
of Voltaire.
of Voltaire. These are things extremely unworthy of a historian,
and in the periodic and somewhat cumbrous style of Gibbon they
appear set off to far less advantage than in the light and airy com-
positions of his master. He never seems to be naturally a wit. but
impresses us with the idea that he would very fain be one if he
could.”—Frederick Schlegel's Lect. on the Hist. of Literature.
|
"Gibbon's manner, which many have censured, I think, in gene-
ral, well suited to the work. In the Decline and Fall of the Roman
Empire. there is too much to sadden and disgust; a smile in such
a narrative on some occasions is far from unacceptable: if it should
be succeeded by a sneer, it is not the sneer of bitterness, which
falls not on debility; nor of triumph, which accords not with con-
tempt. The colours, it is true, are gorgeous, like those of the setting
sun; and such were wanted. The style is much swayed by the
sentiment, Would that which is proper for the historian of Fabius
and Scipio, of Hannibal and Pyrrhus, be proper, tou, for Augus
tulus and the Popes?"-Walter Savage Landor.
“Gibbon I detect a frequent poacher in the Philosophical Essays
of Bolingbroke: as in his representation of the unsocial character
of the Jewish religion; and in his insinuation of the suspicions
cast by succeeding miracles, acknowledged to be false. on prior ones
contended to be true. Indeed it seems not unlikely that he caught
the first hint of his theological chapters from this work.”—Green's
Diary of a Lover of Literature.
We extract a part of the quotation which Gibbon him-
self quotes, with no little complacency, from the Biblio-
theca of Meuselius:
"Summis revi nostri historicis Gibbonus sine dubio adnumer
andus est. Inter capitolii ruinas stans primum hujus operi scri
bendi consilium cepit. Florentissimos vitæ annos colligendo et
laborando eidem impendit. Enatum inde monumentum ære pe
rennius, licet passim appareant sinistré dicta, minus perfecta, veri
tati non satis consentanea.”
Gibbon, J. Day Fatality; or, some Observ. upon
Days lucky and unlucky, &c., 1679, fol. Reprinted in Au-
brey's Miscellanies, and in the Harleian Miscellany.
Gibbon, John, 1629-1719? an ancestor of the histo-
rian, educated at Jesus Coll., Camb., after leading for some
time a soldier's life in France, the Netherlands, and Vir-
ginia, obtained the appointment of Blue Mantle by the
patronage of Sir Wm. Dugdale, then Nerroy. He pub.
several works, the best-known of which is Introductio ad
Latinam Blasoniam, Lon., 1682, Svo.
"An original attempt, which Camden had desiderated, to define,
in a Roman idiom, the terms and attributes of a Gothic institu
tion.... His manner is quaint and affected; his order is con
fused: but he displays some wit, more reading, and still more en-
thusiasm; and if an enthusiast be often absurd, he is never han.
GiB
GIB
guid. An English text is perpetually interspersed with Latin
sentences fu prose and verse; but in his own poetry he claims an
exemption from the laws of prosody."-Edward Gibbon's Auto
biography,
Gibbon, Thomas. Account of the Cromwell Family,
1773, 8vo.
Gibbon, Wm. Serms., 1743, '47, 4to.
Gibbons, Christopher, Mus. Doc., son of Orlando
Gibbons, was also a composer of music.
Gibbons, D. 1. Lex Temporis, Lon., 1835, 12mo.
2. Law of Fixtures, 1836, 12mo. 3. Law of Dilapidations
and Nuisances, 1839, '49, 8vo. 4. Metropol. Building Act,
1844, fp. 8vo.
Gibbons, Ellis, son of Orlando Gibbons, was also a
composer of music.
Gibbons, Orlando, 1583-1625, a celebrated composer
of music. Madrigals and Mottets for Viols and Voyces,
Lon., 1612. This vol. is Tenor. He composed the tunes
for George Wither's trans. of Hyinns and Songs of the
Church, and many pieces of music.
Gibbons, Richard, 1549–1632, a learned Jesuit, born
at Winchester, pub. F. Ribera Com. in duodecim Pro-
phetas minores, Doway, 1612, and several other works.
See Alegambe; Dodd's Ch. Hist.
Gibbons, Thomas, D.D., 1720-1785, a Calvinist dis-
senting divine, a native of Reak, minister of the Inde-
pendent
congregation at Haberdashers' Hall, London,
1743-85. He pub. many serms., theolog. treatises, poems,
memoirs, a collection of hymns, &c., 1743-S7. Among his
Among his
best-known works are, 1. The Christian Minister; in three
Poetical Epistles to Philander, &c., Lon., 1772, 8vo.
"Here you have a thousand hints respecting the reading of the
best authors, the composing of sermons, &c.”—Cotton Mather.
3. Memoirs of eminently pious
2. Rhetoric, 1767, Svo.
Women, 1777, 2 vols. 8vo. New ed., enlarged, by Rev.
George Jerment and Rev. Saml. Burder, 1815, 3 vols. 8vo.
4. Memoirs of Dr. Isaac Watts, 1780, 8vo. 5. Serms. on
Evangel. and Prac. Subjects, 1787, 3 vols. 8vo.
"Directed to a practical purpose, and tend to form the heart to
piety and goodness. The style is plain and properly adapted to
the pulpit."-Lon. Monthly Rev.
See DAVIES, REV. SAMUEL.
Gibbons, Thomas, M.D. Medical Cases and
marks, Sudbury, 1799, Svo; 2d ed., Lon., 1801, Svo. Con.
to Ann. of Med., 1796.
Gibbons, Wm. Iron Trade, &c., Lon., 1785, 8vo.
Gibbs, Dr. Cures of King's Evil, Lon., 1712, Svo.
Gibbs, George. 1. The Judicial Chronicle, Camb.,
1834, 8vo. 2. Memoirs of the Administrations of Wash-
ington and John Adams. Edited from the papers of Oliver
Wolcott, Secretary of the Treasury, N.York, 1846, 2 vols. Svo.
Of inestimable value for its authentic materials."-PRESIDENT
Gibson, Sir Alexander, of Durie. Decisions of the
Lords of Council and Session, 1621-42, Edin., 1690, fol.
Gibson, Antony. A Woman's Woorth defended
against all the Men in the World, proving them to be
more perfect, excellent, and absolute in all virtuous Actions
than any Man of what Qualitie soever. Written by one
that has heard much, seene much, but knowes a great deal
more, Lon., 1599, Svo. Antony Gibson was the editor of
this work, which is supposed to be a trans. from the Cham-
pion des Femines of the Chevalier de l'Escale. The hearty
gallantry of the title is very observable, and his positions
perhaps not far out of the way.
ed., 1854. 2. Serms. on various subjects, 1853, 12mo.
Gibson, Art. 1. Club Serms., Lon., 1844, 12mo; 3d
Gibson, Benj. 1. Artificial Pupil of the Eye, Lon.,
1811, 8vo. 2. Con. to Nichol. Jour., 1806.
Gibson, Edmund, D.D., 1669-1748, a native of
Bampton, Westmoreland, entered Queen's Coll., Oxf., 1686;
Rector of Lambeth, 1703; Archdeacon of Surrey, 1710;
Bishop of Lincoln, 1715; trans. to London, 1723.
He was
a learned theologian and antiquary, and pub. a number of
Re-works, among which are the following: 1. Chronicon Sax-
onicum, trans. into Latin with the Saxon original, and
Gibson's Notes, Oxf., 1692, 4to.
"Allowed by the learned to be the best remains extant of Saxon
antiquity."
KING.
Mr. Gibbs [the grandson of Oliver Wolcott] has performed his
task extremely well."-North American.
Gibbs, Dr. James. 1. Poenr, Lon., 1700, fol. 2. The
1. Poenr, Lon., 1700, fol. 2. The
first 15 Psalms of David trans. into lyric verse, 1701, 4to.
Gibbs, James, 1674?-1754, an eminent architect, a
native of Aberdeen. 1. Book of Architecture, Lon., 1728,
2. Rules, &c. rel. to Architecture. 1732, '38, fol.
fol.
3. Bibliotheca Radcliviana, 1747, fol. 4. Trans. of Osorio's
Latin Hist. of the Portugese, 1752, 2 vols. Svo.
Osorius has, from the purity of his language and taste,
been called the Cicero of Portugal.
Gibbs, John. Serms., 1698.
Gibbs, John. English Gothic Architecture, Lon.,
1855, imp. 4to.
"Mr. Gibbs's designs evince a great amount of professional skill
and good taste, and will bear comparison with the best works of a
similar nature of Mr. Pugin."-Oxford Chronicle.
Gibbs, Samuel. Common Recoveries, Lon., 1821,8vo.
Gomberville's Doctrine of Morality, Lon., 1721, fol.
Gibbs, T. M. Trans. into English of M. le Royde
Gibbs, Sir Vicary, 1752-1820, Chief-Justice of the
Common Pleas, 1813-20. 1. Speech in Defence of T.
Hardy, 1795, 8vo. 2. Speech in Defence of John Horne
Tooke, 1795, 8vo.
Gibbs, Josiah Willard, Prof. of Sacred Literature
in Yale College since 1824. A Hebrew and Eng. Lexicon
to the Old Test., including the Biblical Chaldee, from the
German Works of Prof. W. Gesenius, Andover, 1824, r. Svo;
Lon., 1827, 8vo; 2d ed., 1832, Svo. Of this excellent work,
which may be called a new Hebrew and English Lexicon,
an ed. for schools was pub. in Andover, 1828, 8vo; 2d ed.,
N. Haven, 1832, Svo; Lon., 1833, 8vo. An account of these
works will be found in Horne's Bibl. Bib., Lon. Evangel.
Mag., &c. Philological Studies, with English Illustrations,
N. Haven, 1857, 12mo. A New Latin Analyst, 1859.
Gibbs, Philip. Hist. acct. of Compendious and
Swift Writing, &c., Lon., 1736, Svo.
"The historical account displays extensive reading, impartial
judgment, and much knowledge of the theory of the art. but the
system is singularly obscure and confused."-Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
See Di Birch's Ded. to the Life of Archbishop Tillotson.
Giobs, Philip. Theolog. treatises, 1737-40.
Gibbs, Richard. The new Disorders of Love; a
Novel, 1687, Svo.
Gibbs, W. Handbook of Architectural Ornament,
Len.. 1851, Svo.
Gibbs, Wm.
Funl. Serm., 1699, 4to.
Giblett, Paul. Calumnies of G. Harrower, 1815.
Gibney, John, M.D. 1. Sea Bathing, 1813, 8vo.
2. Vapour Bath, Svo.
"The work is both instructive and amusing; and though ob
viously written for the public, is not without its value to the
profession."-Lon. Lancet.
Gibson. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1692, 4to.
Gibson. Memoirs of Queen Anne; being a Supp. to
the Hist. of her Reign, 1729, 8vo.
Gibson, Abraham. Serins., 1613, '19, 8vo.
2. Trans. of Camden's Britannia into English, with ad-
ditions, 1722, 2 vols. fol.; 1753, '72. See CAMDEN, WIL-
LIAM. 3. Reliquiæ Spelmanniæ, with Life of the author,
&c., 1698, fol. 4. Synodus Anglicana, 1702, Svo. 5. The
Holy Sacrament Explained, 1705, Svo. Anon. Often Re-
printed. 6. Family Devotion, 1705. Svo. Anon. 7. Codex
Juris Ecclesiæ Anglican, Lon., 1713, 2 vols. fol. ; 2d ed.,
enlarged and corrected, Oxf., 1761, 2 vols. fol. A splendid
work from the Clarendon press.
"This is by much the most valuable work we have on this sub-
ject; it may be proper, however, to read along with it a pamphlet
said to have been written by Judge Foster, entitled An Examina
tion of the Scheme of Church Power laid down in the Codex Juris
Ecclesiastici Anglicani, Third edition, Lon., 1736."— BISHOP
WATSON.
-
8. Pastoral Lett. on Infidelity, Lon., 1728, '29, Svo. This
was occasioned by Woolston's Discourses on Miracles.
"An excellent pastoral letter, written. as all his are, with great
clearness and strength."-Leland's Deistical Writers.
Three Pastoral Letters, 1732, Svo. Five, 1760, 12mo;
and Four are reprinted in Bishop Randolph's Enchiridion
Theologicuun.
"Gibson's Pastoral Letters contain a clear and excellent sum-
mary of the arguments in defence of Gospel revelation, as well as
a powerful preservative against the writings that favour the cause
of Infidelity."-Owen's Directions.
"Some useful remarks—of Tillotson's School."-Bickersteth's C. S
1738, 3 vols. fol.
10. A Collect. of the principal Treatises against Popery
Reform Soc., by John
New ed., edited and revised for Brit
Reform Soc., by John Cumming, D.D., 1848-42, 18 vols
Svo. Supp., 1850, S vols. Svo.
"A valuable collection of tracts against popery, chiefly on ra-
tional and argumentative grounds. It embodies several valuable
Protestant pamphlets, and though wanting in the evangelical
spirit of the Reformation, as far as just argument and just reason-
ing go. it furnishes an armoury of weapons against popery."-
BICKERSTETH,
"An impregnable barrier against the usurpations and supersti
tions of the Church of Rome." JEREMY BENTHAM.
The theological student should also procure Lud. Le
Blanc's Theses Theologica, 1683, fol.
"This work may very properly accompany Gibson's Preservative
against Popery, as it is written with great learning and candour,
upon the principal subjects of controversy between the Roman
and the Reformed Churches.”—Bishop Watson.
64
· Highly worthy of an attentive perusal.”—MOSHEIM.
665
GIB
GIF
Bishop Gibson also pub. several occasional serms.,
tracts, &c.
"In private life he possessed the social virtues in an eminent
degree. and his beneficence was very extensive."
See Biog. Brit.; Whiston's Life; Coxe's Life of Walpole;
Censura Literaria.
Gibson, Francis. 1. Streamshall Abbey; a Play,
1800, Svo. 2. Mem. of the Bastile, 1802, Svo. 3. Con.
to Archæol., 1792.
Gibson, Henry. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1770.
Gibson, James. Jour. of the Siege of Cape Breton,
1745, Svo.
Gibson, James. Theolog. treatises, &c., 1830, &c.
Gibson, John. His Catechisme, Lon., 1579, Svo.
Gibson, John, D.D. Serm., 1719, 8vo.
Gibson, John. Serm., 1727, Svo.
Gibson, John. Serm., Edin., 1762, 8vo.
Gibson, John. Serm., Edin., 1768, Svo.
Gibson, John, M.D. 1. The Fruit Gardener, Lon.,
1768, Svo. Anon. Doubtful. 2. Fevers, 1769, 8vo. 3. The
Principal Elements; or, Primary Particles of Bodies in-
quired into, &c.,1772,8vo. 4. Bilious Diseases, &c.,1799,8vo.
Gibson, John. Midwifery, Colches., 1773, 12mo.
Gibson, John. Odes and other Poems, 1818, Svo.
Gibson, John. Serms., &c., 1837, &c.
Gibson, Joseph. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1731.
Gibson, Joseph. Hist. of Glasgow, Glasg., 1777, Svo.
Gibson, Rev. Kennet. Comment. upon part of the
5th Jour. of Antoninus through Britain, Lon., 1800, 4to.
Posth.; ed. and enlarged by Richard Gough.
Gibson, Leonard. Tower of Trustinesse, Lon.,
16mo. Sine anno. In verse and prose.
Gibson, Matthew. Churches of Door, Hume-Lacy,
and Hempsted, Lon., 1727, 4to.
Gibson, Robert. Land Surveying, Lon., 1767, 8vo.
New ed. by M. Trotter, 1850, Svo.
Gibson, Samuel. Serms., 1645, 1709.
Gibson, T., of St. Matthew's, Bethnal Green. Lects.
on the Hist. of Joseph, Lon., 1853, Svo.
"Useful information, pleasing description, and faithful teaching
are combined in these Lectures.”—Jour, of Sucred Lit., Oct. 1853.
Gibson, T. A. Educational works, Lon., 1840, &c.
Gibson, Thomas, d. 1562, a learned printer and
physician, wrote several medical and theolog. works. He
was a warm friend to the Reformation. See Tanner; Bale;
Athen. Oxon.; Aikin's Biog. Mem. of Med.
Gibson, Thomas. Serms., 1584, 1618.
Gibson, Thomas. Syntaxis Mathematica, 1655.
Gibson, Thomas, M.D. Anatomy of Human Bodies
Epitomized, Lon., 1682, 'S4, '88, '97, 1703, Svo.
Gibson, Thomas. An Ode, Lon., 1755, 4to.
Gibson, W. Tythes, 1673, 4to.
Gibson, W. S., has pub. several works on Geology,
Topography, Literary History, &c., Lon., 1840-54. His
work On the Medieval Writers of English History was pub.
in 1848, 8vo.
4to.
Giffard, Francis. Serms., 1681,
Giffard, George. See GYFFARD.
Giffard, Hardinge. Odo for Oct. 25, 1809, 12ino.
Giffard, John. Family Religion, Lon., 1713, '15.
Giffard, John. See GIFFOrd.
Giffard, Wm. 1. 325 Cases in Midwifery; revised
and pub. by Edward Hody, M.D., Lon., 1734, 4to. 2. Con.
to Phil. Trans., 1726, '30.
Gifford. Dissert. on the Song of Solomon and a poot.
version, Lon., 1751, 8vo. Anon.
"The writer considers the poem as a pastoral, composed by Solo-
mon for the amusement of his lighter hours. shortly after his nup
tials with Pharaoh's daughter.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib,
Gifford, Andrew, D.D., 1700-1784, a Baptist minis-
ter and noted antiquary. 1. Serm., 1733, Svo. 2. Tables
of Eng. Silver and Gold Coins, Lon., 1763, 2 vols. 4to;
1772, 4to. See FOLKES, MARTIN. 3. Serm., 1784. See
Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. liv.
|
Gifford, Archer, of Newark, N. Jersey. 1. N. Jersey
Statutory Constructions, Newark, 1852, r. Svo. 2. N. Jer-
sey Statutory Index, 1852, r. Svo. 3. Unison of the Liturgy:
vol. i., 1856, 12mo; vol. ii. is ready for the press, (1858.)
Gifford, Bonaventura, D.D. Serm., 1687, 4to.
Gifford, C. H. Hist. of the Wars occasioned by the
French Revolution, Lon., 1816, 4to. A good subject. See
CLIFFORD, ROB.
"In little estimation.”—Loumdes's Bibl. Man.
Gifford, E. Castleton. France and England; or,
Scenes in each, Lon., 1815, 2 vols. 12mo.
Gifford, George. Mystery of Providence, 1695.
Gifford, Humfrey. A Posie of Gilloflowers, eche
differing from other in Colour and Odour, yet all sweete,
Lon., 1580, 4to.
"The only known copy of this book is in the royal library.”-
Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
"This very same volume contains prose translations from the
Italian and French, and a collection of poems, devotional, moral,
and narrative. Gifford wrote with great facility, as will appear
from the following specimens."-Ellis's Specimens.
Gifford, James. 1. Unity of God, 5th ed., Lon.,
1815, Svo. 2. Remonstrance of a Unitarian, 1818, 8vo.
Gifford, John. De Ratione Alendi Ministros Evan-
gelicus, et Querela et Mystarum Calamitatibus, Hamb.,
1619, Svo.
Gifford, John, 1758-1818, whose real name was John
Richards Green, assisted in the establishment of the
British Critic, 1793, and the Anti-Jacobin Review, 1798,
and pub. a number of historical and political works, among
which are, 1. Hist. of France, trans. from several French
authors, Lon., 1791-94, 5 vols. 4to. 2. Reign of Louis
XVI., and Hist. of the French Revolution, 1794, '96, 4to.
3. Narrative of the Transac. rel. to Louis XVI., 1795, 4to.
4. Residence in France in 1792-95, in Letters from an Eng-
lish Lady, 1797, 2 vols. 8vo; 3 eds. pub. Not written, but
pub., by Gifford.
"It is only justice to say, that the style is as polished as the
matter is interesting and important; nor have we any doubt that
the book will remain a permanent monument of the taste and
talents of the writer."-British Critic, April, 1797.
5. Hist. of the Polit. Life of the Rt. Hon. Wm. Pitt, 1809,
vols. r. 4to, and also in 6 vols. 8vo. For his defence of
the government, Gifford was made a police magistrate and
rewarded with a pension. See an account of Gifford and
his works, several of which were trans. from the French,
in the Lon. Gent. Mag., March and May, 1818.
"Mr. Gifford's great crudition has elevated him to the first rank
of modern authors, and several of the productions of his pen are
standard works, and very justly considered of sterling worth, be-
ing published on a great variety of political subjects.”—Lon. Gent.
Mag., March, 1818.
Gibson, Capt. Walter M. The Prison of Weltevro-
den; or, a Glance at the East Indian Archipelago. Capt. G.
here gives an account of his adventures and his imprison-3
ment by the Dutch. See Putnam's Mag., Dec. 1855, p. 651.
Gibson, Westby. Forest and Fireside Hours; Ori-
ginal Poems, 3d ed., Lon., 1855.
66
Worthy of distinguished notice.”—Lon. Literary Gazette.
Gibson, Wm. Works on farriery, Lon., 1720-55.
Gibson, Wm. Poetical works, Lon., 1772-81.
Gibson, Wm. 1. Elidure and Ella; a Cambrian Tale,
&c., Lon., 1805. 2. Stone Cross; in Archæol., 1803.
Gidde, or Gedde, Walter. 1. Draughts for Gar-
deners, Glasiers, and Plaisterers, Lon., 1615, 4to. New ed.,
with addits., 117 Plates, edited by H. Shaw, 1848, 8vo.
2. The Manner how to Anncile, or Paint in Glass, 1616, 4to.
Giddings, Joshua R., for twenty years a Representa-
tive of the State of Ohio in the Congress of the U.S. The
Exiles of Florida, Columbus, Ohio, 1858, 12mo. Reviewed
by Josiah Quincy, in Atlantic Monthly.
Gifford, William. De Turco-Papismo contra Ro-
Giddy, Davies. See GILBERT, DAVIES.
Giesecke, Prof. Mineral System, Dubl., 1815,
Mineral System, Dubl., 1815, 8vo.ginaldi et Giffordi Calvino-Turcismum, Lon., 1599, fol.
Giffard, Dr., a native of Ireland, editor of the St. Gifford, William, 1756-1826, an eminent critic, a
James's Chronicle, 1819-27; of the London Standard, native of Ashburton, Devon, was the son of poor parents,
1827, to the present time, (1855.) Dr. G. is a warm sup- who left him an orphan before he had attained his 13th
porter of Protestant interests in Ireland.
year. The youth tried the soa for a short time in a coast-
Giffard, B. Serms. in (vol. ii. 153) Catholick Serms., ing-vessel, and was subsequently bound to a shoemaker,
Lon., 1741, 2 vols. 8vo.
Giffard, Edward. 1. A visit to the Ionian Islands,
Athens, and the Morca, Lon., 1837, p. 8vo.
"Mr. Giffard's work is very creditable to its author."-Lon.
with whom he remained until he had almost reached the
age of twenty, when he was sent to Oxford by the kind
offices of Mr. Cookesley, a surgeon of the town. After
leaving college, he travelled in Europe as companion to
Lord Belgrave, and on his return settled in cadon and
Gifford, John. English Lawyer; or, Every Man his
own Lawyer, Lon., 1827, 8vo.
Gifford, Richard, d. 1807, aged 82, Rector of North
Okendon, Essex, 1772, wrote Remarks on Kennicott's Dis-
sert. on the Tree of Life in Paradise; Contemplation, a
Poem; Outlines of an Answer to Dr. Priestley's Disquisi-
tions on Matter and Spirit.
Quar. Rev.
2. Deeds of Naval Daring, 1852, fp. 8vo; 2d Series, 1854. | devoted his attention to literature.
666
GIF
GIL
In 1794 he pub. the Bavind, a poetical satire, in imita-
tion of the first satire of Persius, elicited by the effusions
of Mrs. Piozzi, Bertie Greatheae, Robert Merry, William
Parsons, &c. The history of the literary party at Florence
is familiar to many of our readers. In 1795 appeared his
In 1795 appeared his
Mæviad, an imitation of Horace, which was aimed at the
low state of dramatic authorship then prevailing. These
satires were so greatly admired that the 6th ed, of the two
was pub. in 1800, in a 12mo vol. In 1797 he became editor
of the Anti-Jacobin, a weekly paper, established by Mr.
Canning and other gentlemen. During the twelvemonth
of the existence of this paper, a difficulty with Dr. Wolcot
elicited from Gifford a poetical Epistle to Peter Pindar.
In 1802, 4to, he pub. a trans. of Juvenal, and in the next
year issued an Examination of the Strictures of the Criti-
cal Reviewers on this trans.; a Supp. to the Examination
was pub. in 1804. In 1805, 4 vols. Svo, appeared his ex-
cellent ed. of Massinger, and in 1816 he gave to the world
an ed. of Ben Jonson, 9 vols. 8vo. His eds. of Ford and
Shirley, completed by other hands, were pub. after his death,
the first in 1827, 2 vols. 8vo, and the latter in 1833, 6 vols.
8vo.
|
could be but have suppressed his rancours against those who had
preceded him in the task; but a misconstruction or misinterpreta-
tion, nay, the misplacing of a comma, was in Gifford's eyes a crime
worthy of the most severe animadversion. The same fault of ex-
treme severity went through his critical labours, and in general
he flagellated with so little pity, that people lost their sense of the
criminal's guilt in dislike of the savage pleasure which the execu-
tioner seemed to take in inflicting the punishment. This lack of
temper probably arose from indifferent health, for he was very
valetudinary, and realized two verses, wherein he says Fortune
assigned him
"One eye not over good,
Two sides that to their cost bave stood
A ten years' hectic cough,
Aches, stitches, all the various ills
That swell the devilish doctor's bills,
And sweep poor mortals off.'
"But he might also justly claim, as his gift, the moral qualities
expressed in the next fine stanza-
«A soul
That spurns the crowd's malign control,
A firm contempt of wrong;
Spirits above affection's power,
And skill to soothe the lingering hour
With no inglorious song.'
"He was a little man, dumpled up together, and so ill-made as
to seem almost deformed, but with a singular expression of talent
in his countenance.”—Sir Walter Scott's Diary. January 17, 1827.
"William Gifford, the editor of the Quarterly Review, seems to
have united in himself all the bad qualities of the criticism of his
time. He was fierce. dogmatic, bigoted, libellous, and unsympa-
thizing. Whatever may have been his talents, they were exqui-
sitely unfitted for his position-his literary judgments being con-
temptible, where any sense of beauty was required, and principally
distinguished for malice and word-picking. The bitter and snarl-
ing spirit with which he commented on excellence he could not
appreciate; the extreme narrowness and shallowness of his taste;
the laboured blackguardism in which he was wont to indulge,
under the impression that it was satire; his detestable habit of
carrying his political hatreds into literary criticism: his gross per-
sonal attacks on Hunt, Hazlitt, and others, who might happen to
profess less illiberal principles than his own; made him a danger-
ous and disagreeable adversary, and one of the worst critics of
modern times. Through his position as the editor of an influential
journal, his enmity acquired an importance neither due to his ta-
lents nor his character."-E. P. WHIPPLE: N. Amer. Rev., Ixi. 489–
490: and in his Essays and Rerivs.
Gifforde, George. See GYFFARD.
But it was as editor of the Quarterly Review, from its
commencement in 1809 until 1824, that Mr. Gifford is best
known to the world. Many interesting particulars con-
nected with the editor, and this famous periodical, will be
found in Lockhart's Life of Scott, Southey's Life and Cor-
respondence, and other literary memoirs connected with
the earlier years of the present century. He pub., with his
trans. of Juvenal, 1802, an autobiographical narrative,
which is well worth perusal as an indication of what can
be accomplished by persevering industry.
by persevering industry. A list of the
authors of many of the contributions to the Quarterly oc-
curs in the Gent. Mag.:
46
"
"6
""
"C
"
1844, Pt. 1, 137-141, Writers in Vol. i.-xix.
1844,
577-580,
xxi.-xxxix.
599-602,
1845,
xli.-lix.
1847, Pt. 2, 34- 37,
lxi.-lxxviii.
See also a paper on the originators of the Quarterly, in
Gent. Mag., 1844, Pt. 1, p. 246.
""
"
Gifford's trans. of Juvenal has been pronounced to be
the "best poetical version of a classic in the English lan-
guage," whilst Mr. Hazlitt declares it to be "the baldest,
and, in parts, the most offensive of all others."
It is well known that the reviewer displayed but little
mercy to unfortunate authors whose works failed to secure
his approbation.
"He was a man with whom I had no literary sympathies; perhaps
there was nothing upon which we agreed except great political
questions. . . . He had a heart full of kindness for all living crea-
tures except authors; them he regarded as a fishmonger regards
eels, or as Isaac Walton did slugs, worms, and frogs. I always
protested against the indulgence of that temper in his Review.”-
Southey's Life and Corresp.
"Mr. Gifford was originally bred to some handicraft; he after-
wards contrived to learn Latin, and was for some time an usher in
"The work in its present form (5th ed.] is far more comprehen-
sive than any of the previous editions, and embraces a great va-
and see N. Amer. Rev.. lxxiii. 270.
"Mr. Gilbart's works on Banking bare attained a just celebrity."
-Lon. Economist.
a school, till he became a tutor in a nobleman's family. The low-riety of topics of great interest to bankers."-Lon. Banker's Mag.;
bred, self-taught man, the pedant, and the dependant on the great,
contribute to form the editor of the Quarterly Review. . . . Mr.
2. Hist. and Principles of Banking, Lon., 1834, Svo; 2d
Gilford, as a satirist, is violent and abrupt. He takes obvious or
physical defects, and dwells upon them with much labour and ed., 1835. 3. Banking in Ireland, 1836, Svo. 4. Bank-
Larshness of invective, but with very little wit or spirit. He ex-ing in America, 1837, Svo. 5. Causes of Pressure on the
presses a great deal of anger and contempt, but you cannot tell Money Market, 1840, Svo. 6. Lect. on the Hist. and Prin-
very well why-except that he seems to be sore and out of humour. ciples of Ancient Commerce, 1847, p. Svo; 2d ed., 1853.
His satire is mere peevishness and spleen, or something worse-
7. The Elements of Banking, 1852, 12mo; 2d ed., 1854,
personal antipathy and rancour. We are in quite as much pain
for the writer, as for the object of his resentment. . . . As an editor
12mo. S. Logic for the Million, 4th ed., 1854, 12mo.
of old authors, Mr. Gifford is entitled to considerable praise for the
pains he has taken in revising the text, and for some improvements
he has introduced into it. He had better have spared the notes,
in which, though he has detected the blunders of previous com-
mentators, he has exposed his own ill-temper and narrowness of
feeling more. As a critic, he has thrown no light on the character
and spirit of his authors. He has shown no strking power of
analysis, nor of original illustration, though he has chosen to ex-
ercise his pen on writers most congenial to his own turu of mind
from their dry and caustic wit: Massinger and Ben Jonson.
What he will make of Marlowe, it is difficult to guess. Ile has
none of the fiery quality' of the poet."-Hazlitt's Spirit of the Age,
"He was a man of extensive knowledge; was well acquainted
with classic and old English lore; so learned, that he considered
all other people ignorant; so wise, that he was seldom pleased with
any thing; and, as he had not risen to much eminence in the
world, he thought no one else was worthy to rise. He almost
rivalled Jeffrey in wit, and he surpassed bim in scorching sarcasm
and crucifying irony. Jeffrey wrote with a sort of levity which
induced men to doubt if he were sincere in his strictures: Gifford
wrote with an earnest fierceness which showed the delight which
he took in his calling."-ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog, and Crit. Hist.
of the Lit. of the last Fifty Years.
Also highly commended by the Spectator, Atlas, &c.
Mr. McCulloch objects to Gilbart's partiality for joint-
stock banks, &c., but acknowledges-what indeed it would
be folly to dispute-that his publications
"Contain much useful information, presented in a clear, com-
pendious form.”—Lit. of Polit. Econ., q. v.
6
No American banker-no banker of any country, in-
deed-should fail to carefully peruse and reperuse the
works of this intelligent member of the profession.
Gilbart, Thomas. Lectures on the Holy Bible,
with Notes, Dubl., 1820, Svo.
“A man of rare genius and profound learning.”—Congreg. Mag.
Gilbart, Thomas. See Gilbert.
Gilbee, Earle, D.D. See WILKS, MATTHEW.
Gilbert, Mrs. Anne. 1. Hymns for Infant Minds.
2. Seven Blessings for Little Children.
"He was a man of rare attainments and many excellent quali-
ties. His Juvenal is one of the best versions ever made of a
classical author, and his satire of the Baviad and Mæviad squa-
bashed at one blow a set of coxcombs, who might have humbug-
ged the wold long enougà. As a commentator he was capital, | ed., 1840.
"It would really constitute a perfect blessing, if little children
were early imbued with the sentiments so beautifully expressed
in this little work. It is worthy of the gifted authoress. whose
avocation of writing for little children we reckon to be one of the
highest and noblest."-Scottish Congregational Mogazine.
Gihon, John H., M.D., John Soule, and James
Nisbet. Annals of San Francisco, N. York, 1855, Svo.
"This noble volume contains by far the most satisfactory his-
tory, not only of San Francisco, but of California, that we have
met with."
Gil. See GILL.
Gilbank, Joseph, Jr. Serm., 1779, 4to.
Gilbank, W. Serms.. poem, &c., 1773–1804.
Gilbart, James William, General Manager of the
London and Westminster Bank. 1. A Practical Treatise
on Banking, Lon., 1827, Svo; 5th ed., 1849, 2 vols. Svo.
The 6th ed., in 2 vols. 12mo, is now (Nov. 1855) in the
press. Reprinted, edited by J. Smith Homans of Boston,
N. York, 1851, Svo; Phila., 1854, Svo.
3. The Convalescent, in 12 Letters, 1839, fr. Svo. New
667
GIL
GIL
"This is a beautiful book, which displays tenderness and holy
wisdom in its matter, taste and elegance in its manuer, and which
could scarcely be spoken of with too much commendation.”—DR.
J. PYE SMITH, in his Preface to Wreath for the Tomb.”
•A
2.
Gilbert, C. S. Hist., Topog., and Herald. Survey
of the County of Cornwall, Plymouth, 1820, 3 vols. r. 4to.
Gilbert, Claude. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1657-83.
Gilbert, Davies, originally named Giddy, 1767–
1839, an eminent antiquary, and President of the Royal
Society, pub. A Plain Statement of the Bullion Question
(answered by Baufill and Rutherford) and edited Wm.
Jordan's (trans. by John Keigwin) Creation of the World,
and some other Cornish productions. He contributed some
papers on Cornish topography, &c., to the Antiquarian So-
ciety, and essays to the transactions of other bodies, &c.
Death of John
Gilbert, Nathaniel. Serm., Lon., 1805, 8vo.
Gilbert, Robert. Serms., Lon., 1758, '59.
Florist's Vade-mecum, 1682, 'S3, 1702, '13, Svo.
Gilbert, Samuel. 1. Fons Sanitatis, Lon., 1676, 8vo.
Gilbert, or Gilbart, Thomas.
Lewes, a Hereticke, Lon., 1583, broadside.
Gilbert, Capt. Thomas. 1. The Poor, Lon., 1775,
Svo. 2. Employ. of the Poor, 1781, Svo. 3. Voyage from
N. South Wales to Canton in 1788, 'S9, 4to. See an ac-
count of this voyage in Governor Phillip's Voyage to N.
South Wales.
6.
· Davies Giddy, whose face ought to be perpetuated in marble
for the honour of mathematics. Such a forehead I never saw.”-
Southey's Life and Corresp. See an interesting memoir of Davies,
and an account of his literary labours, in Lou. Gent. Mag., Feb. 1840.
Gilbert, Eleazer. News from Poland of the Cruel
Practice of the Popish Clergy against the Protestants, Lon.,
1641, Svo.
Gilbert. E. W. Bills of Costs, &c. in Cts. of Q. B.,
C. P., and Ex. of Pleas, &c., 2d ed., Lon., 1839, Svo.
Gilbert, Foliot. See Foliot, Gilbert.
2
Gilbert, Sir Geoffrey or Jeffray, 1674-1726,
Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Ireland, 1715 or 1716,
and in England, 1725, left many valuable MSS., most of
which were subsequently published. 1. Rep. Cases in
Equity, 2d ed., Lon., 1742, fol. 2. Forum Romanum,
vols. in 18mo, Dub., 1756; Lon., 1758. 3. Hist, and Prac.
of Chancery, 1758. 4. Of the Exchequer, 1758. '59, Svo.
5. Rents, 1758, Svo. 6. Cases in Law and Equity, 1760,
Svo 7. Executions, 1763, Svo. S. Devises, &c., 3d ed.,
176, Svo. 9. Civil Actions in C. Pleas, 3d ed., 1779, 8vo.
10. Ejectments, 2d ed., with addits. by C. Runnington,
1781, Svo. 11. Evidence, &c., 5th ed., by Lofft, 1791-96,
4 vols. 8vo. In addit. to the treatise on Evidence, this
ed. contains Gilbert's abstract of Locke on the Understand-
ing, and also (pub. Lon., 1752, Svo) an argument on
micide, and an account of the author; 6th ed. of the trea-
tise on Evidence, by J. Sedgwick, 1801, Svo; Phila., 1805,
8vo. 12. Uses and Trusts, 3d ed., by E. B. Sugden, Lon.,
1811, Svo. 13. Distress and Replevin, 4th ed., by W. J.
14. Tenures, 4th ed., by C. Watkins,
Impey, 1823, Svo.
1796; 5th ed., with C. W.'s last corrects. and addits., by
R. S. Vidal, 1824, Svo. For opinions on the works of this
great law writer, we must refer to Black's Com.; Bart.
Conv.; Kent's Com.; Butler and Hargrave's Co. Lit.;
Viner's Abridgt.; Clarke's Bib. Leg., passim.
"It was the hard fate of his excellent writings to lose their
author before they had received his last corrections and improve
ments, and in that unfinished state to be thrust into the world
without even the common care of an ordinary edition.”—GWILLIM,
See Judge Story's Digests of the Common Law; Miscell. Writings,
379; or N. Amer. Rev., xxiii. 1.
See Bibl. Brit. for dates of various eds. of Jeffray's trea-
tises. It is known that Bacon's Abridgment, as originally
pub., was principally founded on Baron Gilbert's MSS.
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 1539–1583, a half-brother
of Sir Walter Raleigh, a soldier and an enterprising navi-
gator, was lost at sea on his return from Newfoundland,
of which, in 1583, he took possession in the name of Queen
Elizabeth. A Discourse of a Discouerie for a new
sage to Cathaia and the East Indies, Lon., 1576, 4to. Re-
printed in Hakluyt's Voyages.
"At the end of this he mentions another and large Discourse on
the same subject, as well as a Discourse of Navigation, both of which
are now probably lost."-Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., i. 496, J. v.
See also Biog. Brit., Bibl. Brit., and Lowndes's Bibl.
Man.
Gilbert, James, is well known as the author of a
number of valuable works on Geography, Geology, Politi-
cal Economy, &c., pub. Lon., 1838-51.
Gilbert, John. Theolog. treatises, 1686-1706.
Gilbert, John, Canon of St. Peter's, Exon. 1. Serms.
on 2 Sam. xxi. 1. 2. On Rom. xii. 7, 1699, 4to. 3. Prac.
Dise., 1724, 8vo.
Gilbert, W. Courts-Martial, Lon., 1788, 8vo.
Gilbert, or Gilberd, Wm., M.D., 1540-1603, gained
great reputation at home and abroad by his discovery of
some of the properties of the loadstone. 1. De Magnete
Magneticisque Corporibus, et de Magno Magnete Tellure
Physiologia Nova, Lon., 1600, fol. Very rare.
New eds.,
Sedin., 1628, 33, 4to.
Sedin., 1628, 33, 4to. 2. De Mundo Nostro Sublunari
Philosophia, Nova Amst., 1651, 4to. Posth. ; pub. from his
MSS. by Sir Wm. Boswell. For an account of this cele-
brated philosopher and his writings, see Biog. Brit.;
Brucker; Athen. Oxon.; Morant's Hist. of Essex.
work on the magnet
His
"Contains the history of all that had been written on that sub-
ject before his time, and is the first regular system on this curious
subject; and may not unjustly be styled the parent of all the im-
Ho-provements that have been made therein since."
"Dr. Gilbert hath written in Latiue a large and learned Discourse
of the properties of this Stoue."-Dr. Hukewill's Apologie of the
Power and Providence of God.
"A painful and experimental work."-Lord Bacon's Advance-
ment of Learning.
"An admirable searcher into the nature of the Loadstone."-
Sr Kenelm Digby's Treatise of Bodies.
Gilbert, John, d. 1761, Bishop of Llandaff, 1740;
trans. to Salisbury, 1748; Archbishop of York, 1757;
Occas. Serms., 1724, '42, '43, '44, '45, '46.
Gilbert, John. Serms., 1744, '46, Svo.
Gilbert, John. Chronological Pictures of English
History, Lon., in parts.
"Most capitally-executed drawings. The spirit given to the
sketches, and the striking impression which this graphic paint-
Ing produces upon all minds, but especially the young, need not
be indicated."--Ch. of Eng. Quar. Rev., Oct. 1842.
and a work on the Christian Atonement, (Third Series of
the Congregational Lectures,) Lon., Svo, 1836, 52, 54,
which has been highly commended. See British Critic,
xxi. 450; and also a Biographical Sketch of Mr. Gilbert,
by his widow, 1853, 12mo.
Gilbert, Joseph, d. 1852, aged 74, a Congregational
Dinister of Nottingham, England, pub. some serms., &c.,
•
Gilbert, Thomas, or Wm., 1613-1694, ejected from
the parish of Edgemond, Shropshire, for Nonconformity,
in 1662. England's Passing Bell, 1675? 4to. This is a
religious poem.
"A rough and harsh piece of poetry, replenished with phanati
cisa and philosophical terms."-Athen. Oxon., where see an account
of this divine, and other publications of his. Wood calls him
Thomas Gilbert.
Ž
"Famed for his learning, depth in philosophy, and admirable
skill in chymistry."-Athen. Oxon.
Gilbertus Anglicus, or Gilbertus Legleus,
flourished in 1210, is the earliest practical English writer
on medicine. He is best known by his compendium of the
medical doctrines prevailing in his time, entitled Compen-
Pas-dium Medicinæ tam Morberum Universalium quam Parti-
cularium. It was corrected by Michael Cupella, and printed
at Lyons, ap. V. de Portonariis, 1510, 4to. It subsequently
appeared under the title of Laurea Anglicana; seu Com-
pendium totus Mediciniæ, Genev., 1608, 4to. Some other
works are ascribed to him. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.;
Leland; Bale; Pits; Tanner, in art. Leglæus; Rees's
Cyc.; Freind's Hist. of Physic.
And see Barrow's Opuscula, and other authorities cited
in Biog. Brit.
Gilbert, Wm. 1. The Angler's Delight, Lon., 1676,
12mo; 2d ed., sine anno, and a fac-simile of 2d ed. about
1780. 2. Young Angler's Companion, 1682.
Gilbert, Wm. See GILBERT, THOMAS.
Gilbert, Wm. The Hurricane; a Theosophical and
Western Eclogue, &c., Lon., 1797, 12mo; 1798, Svo.
"It bears evident marks of having been written under the in-
fluence of partial insanity, while, at the same time, it contains
passages of a high order of beauty.”—Lon. Retrosp. Rev., x. 160–
172, 1824.
"His writings are principally compiled from those of the Arabian
physicians, like the works of his contemporaries in other nations;
sometimes, indeed, he transcribes whole chapters word for word,
especially from Rhazes. He is represented as the first English
physician who ventured to expose the absurd practices of the su-
perstitious monks, who at the time engrossed much of the treat-
ment of diseases, and is said to have contrasted with them the
methods recommended by the ancients."
Gilby, Gylebie, or Gylby, Anthony, pub. a Com-
ment. on Micah, 1551, paraphrases on the Psalms from Beza,
1581, '90, a serm., 1581, and treats. on election, &c., 1547–58.
Gilby, Goddred. See GYLBY.
Gilby, W. H. Papers on Geology; Phil. Mag., 1814,
'15; Thom. Ann. Philos., 1817.
Gilby, Wm., M.D. 1. Electricity in Paralysis; in
Medical Facts, &c., 1792.
Medical Facts, &c., 1792. 2. Nitrous Acid in Diabetes;
in Med. and Phys. Jour., 1800.
Gilchrist, Alexander, of the Inner Temple. Life
of William Etty, R.A., Lon., 1855, 2 vols.
668
GIL
GIL
"A book which will claim the interest of English readers long | stupidity and venality have been contemptuously mentioned by
beyond the mere season and occasion of its appearance."- Westm. Pope."-Macaulay's Hist. of Eng., vol. iv., 1856.
Rev., Oct. 1855.
Mr. Macaulay ably exposes the true character of Blount's
Oracles of Reason.
Gilchrist, Ebenezer, M.D., 1707-1774, an eminent
physician of Dumfries, Scotland. 1. On the Use of Sea
Voyages in Medicine, Lon., 1756, Svo. Reprinted, 1771.
"The chief object of this work is to recommend sea voyages in
cases of consumption."-DR. WATT: Bibl. Brit.
2. Nervous Fever; Ed. Med. Ess., vols. iv. and v. He
recommends wine and opium. 3. Con. to Ess. Phys. and
Lit., vols. ii. and iii.
Few physicians of the last century have been more successful
in the exercise of their profession, or have contributed more to the
improvement of the healing art." See Encyc. Brit.
Gilchrist, James. 1. Serm., Lon., 1812, Svo. 2. Lan-
guage, &c., 1814, 8vo. 3. Rational Philosophy, 1815, Svo.
4. Philosophic Etymology; or, Rational Graminar, 1816.
Gilchrist, James P. The Origin and History of
Ordeals, with Chronological Register of the principal Duels
since 1760, Lon., 1821, 8vo. See SABINE, Lorenzo.
Gilchrist, John. A Collection of ancient and modern
Scottish Ballads, Tales, and Songs; with Explan. Notes
and Observations, Edin., 1815, 2 vols. 12mo..
A sensible and judicious selection."-Lowndes's Bill. Man.
Gilchrist, John Borthwick, LL.D., 1759-1841, pub.
many valuable works on the Hindostanee language, &c.,
for a list of which see Bibl. Brit., and Lowndes's Bibl. Man,
Gilchrist, Octavius, 1779–1823, a native of Twick-
enhum, educated at Magdalen Coll., Oxf. 1. Exam. of the
charges of Ben Jonson's enmity towards Shakspeare, 180S,
8vo. See Lon. Gent. Mag., lxxix. 53. 2. The Poems of
Richard Corbet, Bishop of Norwich, with Notes and Life,
1808, 8vo. See Lon. Gent. Mag., lxxviii. 1169. 3. Letter
to W. Gifford on a late ed. of Ford's Plays, 1811, Svo. See
our article on FORD, JOHN. Mr. Gilchrist projected (in 1814)
a Select Collection of Old Plays, in 15 vols. 8vo, but was
deterred from publication by the appearance of the peri-
odical series entitled Old Plays. An article of Gilchrist's
in the London Magazine elicited a warm controversy re-
specting the Life and Writings of Alexander Pope. See
Lon. Gent. Mag., xci. 291, 533; xciii. 278.
Gilchrist, Paul. Letter to Mr. Saunders on the Re-
volution in Russia, &c., Lon., 1762, Svo.
Gilchrist, Peter. On the Hair, Lon., 1770, '87, Sro.
Gildas, or Gildus, surnamed the Wise, commences
the catalogue of Anglo-Saxon writers. He is said to have
flourished in the 6th century, but every thing concerning
him, and even the existence of such a person, is involved
in doubt and obscurity. We must refer the curious reader
to Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., and the authorities there cited.
The work attributed to him with the most confidence is the
Epistola de excidio Britanniæ, et castigatio ordinis eccle-
siastica; first ed., Lon., 1525, Svo, and several eds. since.
See authorities cited above. New ed., by Joseph Steven-
New ed., by Joseph Steven-
son, pub. by the Historical Society, Lon., 1838, Svo. Also
pub. a new trans. with the works of Nennius, by J. A. Giles,
LL.D., 1841, Svo.
"Gildas's work gives a superficial sketch of British history un-
der the Romans, and during the wars between the Britons and
the Picts and Scots, and the Saxon invasions; and also an account
of the vices of the kings, clergy, and laity of the time. This work
is supposed to have been written about A. D. 581.
"The book contains little information, even if it be authentic.
It is written in an inflated style, not much unlike that of Aldhelm.
... There is no independent authority now existing which will
enable us to test the historical truth of this tract, and we bare no
information relating to its writer which merits the slightest degree
of credit." See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
Gilderdale, John. 1. Nat. Religion, Lon., 1837, Svo.
2. Hist. and Chronol., 4to. 3. Family Prayers. 1838, 12mo.
Gilding, Elizabeth. Pyems and Essays, 1776.
Gildon, Charles, 1665-1723, a native of Gillingham,
Dorsetshire, gained but little reputation as an author, and
still less as an actor, but Pope has embalmed him in the
Dunciad. In 1693 he pub., with an introduction, Charles
Blount's Oracles of Reason, and subsequently, in 1705, to
atone for this publication, he gave to the world The Deist's
Manual. For an account of these works see Leland's De-
istical Writers, and article BLOUNT, CHARLES, in this
volume. He also pub. Miscell. Letters and Essays, 1694,
Svo; the Complete Art of Poetry, 1718, 2 vols. 12mo;-
see Halliwell's Shaksperiana, p. 20, Nos. 3, 5, and 6;-
five unsuccessful plays, 1697-1703; a Comparison between
the two Stages, 1702, Svo; a Life of Betterton, 1710; a
New Rehearsal, 1714, Svo; some other publications.
P
"A person of great literature, but a mean genius: who, having
attempted several kinds of writing, never gained much reputation
in any."-Boyer's Political State, xxvii. 102.
"Of those disciples [of Charles Blount] the most noted was a bad
writer named Gildon, who lived to pester another generation with
doggrel and slander, and whose memory is still preserved, not by
nis cwn voluminous works, but by two or three lines in which his
Giles. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1697.
Giles, Henry, b. Nov. 1, 1819, near Gorey, co. of Wex-
ford, Ireland, one of the most popular of the many literary
lecturers who draw crowded audiences in the United States.
1. Lectures and Essays, Boston, 1850, 2 vols. 16mo.
"Those persons who have listened to the greater part of the
contents of these two volumes in the various lecture-rooms through-
out the country, will probably be even more anxious to read them
than many who have only heard the name of the author. They
will revive in the reader the delightful wit, the clear mental attrac-
tion, and the high pleasure which they uniformly excited in their
delivery."
These lectures are also highly commended by Miss Mit-
ford: see her Recollections of a Literary Life. 2. Chris-
tian Thought on Life; in a series of Discourses, 2d ed.,
1851, 16mo. 3. Illustrations of Genius in some of its rela
tions to culture and society, 1854, 16mno.
Giles, Rev. J. A., LL.D., nuper Socius C. C. C., Oxon.,
has written and edited many valuable works, some of which
we notice. 1. English-Greek and Greek-English Lexicon,
new ed., 1846, 8vo.
This is a worthy companion to Riddle's Latin Dictionary, con-
taining all the information necessary to a student-and, what is
of equal importance, no more. The author is generally successful
in developing the structure and composition of the Greek lan-
guage: avoiding the quibbling derivations which disfigured the
older Lexicons, and especially that of Schrevelius: he points out
the genuine radicals so far as they can be discovered with certain-
ty."-Lm. Athenæum.
2. Scriptores Græci Minores, 1840, 12mo. 3. Patres Ec-
clesiæ Anglicanæ, now first collected into one series, 35
vols. Svo, £9 98.; and a sup. vol., 108. 4. Hist. of the An-
cient Britons, 1847, 2 vols. 8vo.
"A valuable addition to every historian's library."-Lon. Lil.
Gazette.
"This is the most valuable work that has appeared of late years
on the History of the Ancient Britons. Nowhere else has the sub-
ject been treated so fully with strict regard to real history, and in
exclusion of all fabulous legends. Vol. II. consists of the original
Histories, from which this work has been compiled, viz.: Excerpta
ex Scriptoribus Gr. et Lat.; Gildas; Nennius; Excerpta ex Beda;
Ricardus Cicestrensis de Situ Britanniæ; Vita Gildæ, auctore Cara-
doco: Vita Gildæ, auctore Anonymo; Inscriptiones ex Nummis,
Inscriptiones ex Lapidibus."
5. The Entire Works of the Venerable Bede, 1843-44,
12 vols. Svo. See our article on BEDE.
"We trust that Dr. Giles will be encouraged to continue his ex-
ertions in thus diffusing a sound knowledge of medieval divinity
and ecclesiastical history."-Lon. Quarterly Review, Oct. 1844.
1848, Svro. 7. Lives of the Abbots of Weremouth and
6. Hist. of the Town and Parish of Bampton, 2d ed.,
Jarrow, &c., 1845, Svo.
à Beckett, 1846, 2 vols. 8vo.
S. Life and Letters of Thomas
à Beckett, 1846, 2 vols. Svo. We are also indebted to Dr.
Giles for his new ed. of Thompson's Geoffrey of Monmouth,
Terence, his manuals of Latin and English Grammar,
(see our article on GEOFFREY,) his labours on Zeunius's
English History, &c.; nor must we omit to make special
mention of one of the most valuable of his publications-
The Life and Times of Alfred the Great, 2d ed., 1854, Sro.
The most valuable and authentic Life of Alfred the Great. In-
cluded are Alfred's Will, in Saxon, with translation; the Treaty
between Alfred and Guthrum, in Saxon; Fulke's Letter to Alfred;
Alfred's Preface to Gregory's Pastoral Care, in Saxon, with a trans-
lation; a Chronological Summary of Anglo-Saxon History, &c."
“Dr. Giles is in thorough possession of his materials and of his
intention, which produces the clearness that arises from mastery;
and he exhibits the same general bonhommie and chronicler dispo
sition for minute and picturesque narrative which we noted in big
Life of Becket, with more of a critical spirit.”—Lon. Spectator.
Giles, John. The Pine Apple, Lon., 1767, Svo.
Giles, Joseph. Poems, revised and corrected, by
Wm. Shenstone, Lon., 1771, Svo.
Giles, Mascall. Against Superstitious Jesu Worship,
Lon., 1642, 4to.
Giles, Wm. Defence of Dr. Sherlock's Preservative
against Popery, Lon., 1688, 4to.
Giles, Wm. 1. On Marriage, Lon., 1771. 2. Poems,
1775. Svo.
Giles, Wm. Branch, d. 1830, Governor of Virginia,
1826-29, was for many years a member of the Congress of
the United States. He pub. Political Letters to the People
of Virginia, occasional letters, a speech, &c., 1808-25.
Gilfillan, Rev. George, born 1813, at Comrie, Perth-
shire, Scotland, was educated at Glasgow Coll., and at the
United Secession Hall of the United Presbyterian Church.
In 1835 he was licensed to preach, and in the next year
was ordained to the Schoolwynd congregation, Dundee.
where he still remains. About 1842 he was encouraged
by Mr. T. Aird, editor of the Dumfries Herald, to write
sketches of the principal characters of the day. These
6:09
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GIL
1
off-hand portraits were well received, and in 1845 they were
published, with some others, as The Gallery of Literary
Portraits, 2d ed., 1851. In 1849 Mr. G. pub. his Second
Gallery of Literary Portraits; 2d ed., 1852; and in 1855
appeared the Third Series. In 1854 was pub., in 1 vol. p.
8vo, a new ed. of the 1st and 2d series; and vol. i. of the
last ed. of the work appeared in 1857. In 1850 he gave to
the world The Bards of the Bible, 4th ed., 1856; in 1851
he pub. The Book of British Poesy, Ancient and Modern;
in 1852, The Martyrs, Heroes, and Bards of the Scottish
Covenant, 2d ed., 1854; in 1854, The Grand Discovery,
2d ed., 1856; in 1856, History of a Man; and in 1857,
Christianity and our Era. He has also pub. a Discourse
on Hades, Five Discourses on the Abuse of Talent, &c.,
and edited Wm. C. Bryant's Poems, with Notes and an
Introductory Essay, &c. He is now engaged in editing a
new and splendid Library Edition of the Popular Poets
and Poetry of Britain, with Biographical and Critical
Notes. The issue for the first year comprised-
1, 2. Milton's Poetical Works. 3. Thomson's Seasons
and other Poems. 4. George Herbert's Poetical Works.
5. Young's Poetical Works. 6. The Poetical Works of
Goldsmith, Collins, &c. The issue for 1854 comprised, 7,
8. Cowper's Poetical Works. 9, 10. Butler's Poetical Works.
11. Shenstone's Poetical Works. 12. Beattie, Blair, and
Falconer's Poetical Works. This is by far the handsomest
This is by far the handsomest |
edition of the British poets ever published, and we see not
how it can be surpassed. A vol. is pub. every alternate
month, forming in the year 6 vols. averaging 350 pp. each;
annual subscription one guinea, or in French morocco, gilt
top, £1 11s. 6d. The series is intended to include the fol-
lowing authors:
Addison.
Akenside.
Robert Blair.
Bloomfield.
Thomas Brown.
Bruce.
George Buchanan.
Burus.
Samuel Butler.
Byron.
Campbell.
Chatterton.
Chaucer.
Coleridge.
Collins.
Wm. Drummond.
Falconer.
Ferguson.
Cotton.
Cowley.
Cowper.
Crabbe.
Gay.
Gifford.
Goldsmith.
James Grahame.
Gray.
W. Hamilton.
George Herbert.
Robert Herrick.
Hogar
Dr. Johnson.
Ben Jonson.
Peter Pindar.
Pope.
Prior.
Francis Quarles.
Allan Ramsay.
Rogers.
Alexander Ross.
Scott.
Shelley.
Shenstone.
Smollett.
Spenser.
Swift.
Tannahill.
James Thomson.
Waller.
Thomas Warton.
Watts.
Kirke White.
Edward Young.
Leyden.
Logan.
Macphersone.
Milton.
Mrs. Opie.
Etc.
Denhalm.
Parnell.
Dryden.
Dr. Percy.
As a critic Mr. Gilfillan has been warmly praised, and
not slightly censured. He possesses one of the most dan-
gerous of arts for any one who would achieve solid and last-
ing reputation,-that of great verbal facility, approaching
to conversational familiarity. He is sometimes happy in
his metaphors and apt in his allusions, but is more likely
to be extravagant in the one and grotesque in the other;
reminding us forcibly of the bombast and egotism so gene-
rally observable in the prevailing style of second-rate
American writers.
A critic in the Dublin University Magazine, in a review
of Mr. Gilfillan's First Gallery of Literary Portraits, refer-
ring to the author's fondness for overstrained metaphor
and ambitious style, justly remarks that
6.
In all such habitual use of strong language a writer is throw-
ing away his wealth. and making his style in reality poor and
meagre. Words are lavished with profusion when they absolutely
represent nothing, and none but the man who has read through a
volume of words with the wish really to ascertain the amount of
instruction it gives, can judge of the unutterable weariness pro-
duced by this careless habit of stating every thing in a temper of
exaggeration. Simplicity of style is, however, seldom the distin-
guishing grace of a young writer's compositions."
We are happy to be able to add from the same article,
for it is more pleasant to quote praise than censure,-
* Mr. Gilfillan's effort to make his readers acquainted with the
greatest men whom he has met on the highway of literature is no
doubt an ambitious one, and has on the whole been successfully
executed."-xxvii. 652-664.
cently deceased, makes graver objections to the work than
mere want of literary taste:
|
..
"A pompous and gaudy style is exceedingly out of place when
it appears in books that treat of sacred things. We feel that the
subject is degraded. It is as if a painter were to attempt sketches
of Isaiah, and Paul, and Johur, and should put on them the cos-
tume of a Bond street or Broadway exquisite. We enter a solemn
protest against all such doings. God, Christ, eternity, heaven, hell,
and man's immortal spirit and welfare are things beyond rhapsody.
mind that contemplates them into the most grave, and sober, and
The inconceivable majesty of such subjects should awe the
humble attitude.... There are some passages in it, and many sin-
gle expressions, which convey vivid ideas, and present pleasing
images. We concede to him fancy, imagination, and a very con-
siderable acquaintance with the sources of poetical imagery. But
structively on Hebrew poetry. His book reminds us very strongly
these are not the only qualifications that are needed to write in-
of a passage in another poet and critic, somewhat different from
the author of the Bards of the Bible. It runs thus:
The Bards of the Bible has elicited much rapturous com-
mendation-in which we were never able to coincide-and
severe censure, the justice of which we do not feel able to
disprove.
His piety warms our heart, but his style shocks our taste.
One of the mos' learned Orientalists of modern times,
"Inceptis gravibus plerumque et magna professis,
Purpureus, late qui splendeat, unus et alter
Assuitur paunus.
Amphora cœpit
Institui; currente rotâ, cur urceus exit?
Denique, sit quodvis, simplex duntaxat et unum.'
<
"Yes, this precious simplex! Of all the books on earth, the Bible
throughout with purpurei panni qui late splendeant' seems to us
exhibits it most. A comment on it, of any kind, which is spotted
one of the greatest of all incongruities."-MOSES STUART, late Prof.
of Sucrid Literature in the Theolog. Seminary of Andover. See Ň.
Amer. Rev., 1xxiii. 238–267.
Whatever other charges Mr. Gilfillan's critics may bring
against him, he certainly cannot be accused of indolence,
as, in addition to his professional duties, he contributes to
no less than five or six periodicals. It is no slight com-
mendation-but one to which he may justly lay claim-
that a high moral purpose, a kindly spirit, and a hearty
appreciation of the good, the right, and the truc, are pro-
minent characteristics of his writings. It will be seen,
from a glance at the accompanying tables of contents of
the Galleries of Literary Portraits, that Mr. Gilfillan has
been by no means partial in his selection of subjects, but
has employed his pencil upon representatives of almost all
classes of opinion, both in church and state:
FIRST GALLERY OF LITERARY PORTRAITS.
CONTENTS.
Preachers of the Charles Lamb.
Ebenezer Elliott.
Day.
Walter Savage Lan- Allan Cunningham
dor.
and the Rural
Poets.
Thomas Campbell.
Lord Brougham. John Keats.
Samuel T. Coleridge. T. B. Macaulay.
Ralph Waldo Emer- Thomas Aird.
Robert Southey.
John Gibson Lock-
bart.
son.
Wm. Wordsworth.
Robert Pollok.
SECOND GALLERY OF LITERARY PORTRAITS.
Mr. Gilfillan is by no means devoid of talent; and it is
well worth his while, by a course of wholesome discipline of
his natural abilities, to correct the errors of a critical pen
which sometimes displays more passion than judgment Mirabeau.
and more vigour of language than depth of thought.
Marat,
Lord Jeffrey.
William Godwin.
William Hazlitt.
Robert Hall.
Percy Bysshe Shelley.
Dr. Chalmers.
Thomas Carlyle.
Thomas de Quincey.
John Foster.
Professor Wilson.
Edw. Irving, and the
John Milton.
Lord Byron.
George Crabbe.
John Foster.
Thomas Hood.
Thomas B. Macaulay.
Dr. George Croly.
Sir E. Bulwer Lytton.
Ralph Waldo Emer-
son.
Edward Irving.
Isaac Taylor.
THIRD GALLERY OF LITERARY PORTRAITS.
CONTENTS.
A File of French Revolutionists.
Robespierre, and
Danton.
A Constellation of Sacred Authors.
Robert Hall.
1
Sydney Yendys.
Alexander Smith.
CONTENTS.
George Dawson.
Alfred Tennyson.
Professor Nichol.
Mrs. Hemans.
Mrs. E. B. Browning.
Mrs. Shelley.
William Cobbett.
James Montgomery.
Sydney Smith.
Carlyle and Sterling.
Emerson.
Neale and Bunyan.
Edmund Burke.
Edgar A. Poe.
|
A Cluster of New Poets.
J. Stanyan Bigg.
|
William Anderson.
Leigh Hunt.
Thomas Moore.
Isaac Taylor.
II. W. Longfellow.
Philip Jas. Bailey.
John Sterling.
Wm. Wordsworth.
John Bunyan.
Bulwer.
Benjamin Disraeli.
Professor Wilson.
Henry Rogers.
Vergniaud.
Napoleon.
Dr. Chalmers.
Modern Critics.
Hazlitt and Hallam. Delta.
Jeffrey and Coleridge. Thackeray.
Miscellaneous Sketches.
| Sir Edward Lytton) Eschylus; Prome-
theus Bound and
Unbound.
Shakspeare-A Leo
ture.
Gerald Massey.
| G
Thomas Babington
Macaulay.
Gilfillan, Robert, a native of Dunfermline, a modern
poet of considerable reputation. For an account of this
bard, we must refer the reader to the Memoir attached to
1851, 12mo. Reprinted, 1853. See his Exile's Song, and
the 4th ed. of his Poems and Songs, pub. in Edinburgh,
In the Days Langsyne, in Chambers's Cyc. of Eng. Lit.
"The songs of Mr. Gilfillan are marked by gentle and kindly
feelings, and a smooth flow of versification, which makes them
re-eminently suitable for being expressed in music."-Ubi supra.
670
GIL
GIL
Gilfillan, Rev. Samuel. 1. Discourses on the Holy
Spirit, Edin., 12ino. 2. Essay on the Sanctification of the
Lord's Day, 8th ed., 183, 18mo.
Gilkie, James. Every Man his Own Procurator; or,
the Country Gentleman's Vade-Mecum, Edin., 1778, 12mo.
Gilks, Morton. Petrifactions; Phil. Trans., 1740.
Gill. Selections from the Court Reports, originally
pub. in the Boston M. Post, 1834-37, Bost., 1837, 12mo.
"It contains some graphic illustrations of the administration
and effect of the law, that may be perused with advantage."-
Marvin's Leg. Bibl.
Gill, Rev. Alexander, 1564–1635, a native of Lin-
colnshire, educated at Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf.; head mas-
ter of St. Paul's School, 1608. 1. The Trinity, 1601, 8vo.
2. Logonomia Anglica Grammaticalis, 1619, '21, 4to.
"This work contains as singular a proposition for a vernacular
orthography as Tho. Campion's (Observations on the Art of Eng
lish Poesie) for poetry. The work is quoted by Dr. Johnson."-
Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
3. Sacred Philos. of Holy Scrip.; or, a Comment. on the
Creed, 1635, fol. The treatise on the Trinity is repub. at
the end of this work.
"Esteemed by most persons to be a learned man, a noted Latin-
ist, critic, and divine, and also to have such an excellent way
of training up youth, that none in his time went beyond him.
Whence 'twas, that many noted persons in church and state did
esteem it the greatest of their happiness that they had been edu-
cated under him.”—Alhen, Oxon.
See also Knight's Life of Colet.
Gill, Alexander, D.D., 1597-1642, son and successor
of the preceding, educated at Trin. Coll., Oxf., became
head master of St. Paul's School in 1635. Whilst usher
of St. Paul's he had charge of the education of John Mil-
ton, who was his favourite scholar, and by whom he was
greatly beloved. Three of the great poet's familiar letters
to him in Latin, still extant, are "replete with the strongest
testimonies of esteem and friendship. Milton also pays
him high compliments on the excellence of his Latin
poetry."
Most of his Latin poetry was pub, in a rol. entitled
Poetici Conatus, 1632, 12mo, and Wood enumerates some
other productions of his, printed, and in MS. He was for
some time usher under the famous Thomas Farnaby. See
Athen. Oxon.; Knight's Life of Colet; Warton's Milton;
Letters by Eminent Persons, 1813, 3 vols. Svo.
Gill, Jeremiah. Reform in H. Commons, 1785.
Gill, John, D.D., 1697-1771, a Baptist divine of great
learning, a native of Kettering, Northamptonshire, received
his early education at the Grammar School of his native
town, but may be said to be self-educated, as he left school
whilst yet very young. He was a preacher, first at Higham-
Ferrers, then at Kettering, and in 1719 became pastor of
the Baptist congregation at Herselydown, Southwark,
where he continued for fifty-one years. Whilst yet a mere
boy, he was so fond of frequenting the bookstores that it
became a current expression, "Such a thing is as sure as
John Gill is in the bookseller's shop." We need not there-
fore be surprised that he became an excellent Latinist,
Grecian, and Orientalist. He wrote many works, some of
the principal of which we proceed to notice.
1. Exposition of Solomon's Song, 1728, fol.; 1751, '68,
4to; 1805, 2 vols. Svo. In the later eds. the Targum is
left out. This exposition, which differs from the one con-
tained in his Comment. on the Bible, comprises the sub-
stance of 122 discourses delivered from the pulpit.
..
•
"If you read Whitby on the Five Points, read Dr. Gill's reply.
It is the fullest answer to Whitby.... In Part IV. of this Work,
Dr. Gill goes through the testimonies of the Fathers before Augus
tine, to give passages that support Calvinistic views."-BICKERSTETH.
"It is an elaborate work, and may be considered a very able
defence of Calvinism."-Wilson's Dissenting Churches.
"The author always keeps sight of his creed.... He was a very
learned and good man: but has often spiritualized his text to
absurdity."—Dr. Adam CLARKE,
“A minute, detail on the allegorical sense, and a spiritual im-
provement."-DR. E. WILLIAMS.
"It is highly allegorical in its interpretation."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
2. Prophecies resp. the Messiah, fulfilled in Jesus, 1728.
In answer to Collins's Scheme of Literal Prophecy con-
sidered. 3. The Cause of God and Truth, being an Ex-
amination of the several Passages of Scripture made use
of by the Arminians. In four parts, 1735–38, 4 vols. Svo;
1755, 4 vols. Svo; 1772, '75, 4to; ·1816, 2 vols. 8vo; 1838, |
Svo. This is an answer to Dr. Whitby's Discourse on the
Five Points.
4. Exposition of the New Testament, 1746-47-48, 3 vols.
fol. 5. Exposition of the Old Testament, 1748–63, 6 vols.
New ed. of both Testaments, with a Memoir by Dr. Rip-
pon, and a portrait, 1816, 9 vols. 4to. Pub. at £12 12s.;
Pub. at £12 128.;
large paper, £16 168. Still worth about £12 to £13, in
good binding. Vol. i. of a new ed. of the Expos. of the
0. and N. Tests. was pub. by Aylott of London in 1852, r.
Svo, and a new ed. of his Exposition of the Old Test. was
pub. by Collingridge in 1854, 6 vols. r. Svo, £3 18s.
"It abounds with rabbinical and theological information; but,
though upon the whole a very valuable work, it is often prolix and
tautological and sometimes injudicious."-Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
It is prized as an invaluable mine of knowledge by judicious
Christians of every denomination."-WILSON.
“He moves through his exposition like a man in lead, and over-
whelms the inspired writer with dull lucubrations and rabbinical
Jumber. He is an ultra-Calvinist in his doctrinal sentiments....
If the reader be inclined for a trial of his strength and patience,
he may procure the burden of Dr. Gill. He was, after all, a man
of undoubted learning, and of prodigious labour."-Orme's Bibl.
Bib.
"In rabbinical literature Dr. Gill had no equal. and he has bence
been enabled to illustrate many important passages of Scripture.
An occasional reference to this learned work is all, perhaps,
that can be recommended.”—Horne's Bibl. Brit.
·· ·
"Valuable for rabbinical learning: a variety of meaning sug
gested: Calvinistic in sentiment."-Bickersteth's C. S.
6. Dissert. on the Antiq. of the Hebrew Language, Let-
ters, Vowel-points, and Accents, 1767, 8vo.
"This is also a laboured exposition and defence of the doctrines
of the Massorets.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
7. A Body of Doctrinal and Practical Divinity, 1769-70,
3 vols. 4to. Several eds.
Several eds. New ed., 1839, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Gill was a very learned and pious man; but his notions of
moral obligations were not correct; which led him to some pecu-
liarities of sentiment respecting grace being the obliging as well
as the efficient cause of evangelical duty, and which disposed him,
in arguing with Arminians, too often to cut the knot of difficulty,
instead of solving it, and to deal in round assertions with slender
arguments."-Williams's C. P.
卓
​8. Serins. and Tracts, several of which were never before
printed. To which are prefixed Memoirs of the Life,
Writings, and Character of the Author, 1773, 2 vols. 4to.
"If any man can be supposed to have trod the whole circle of
learning have a single friend in the British empire. the works and
human learning, it was Dr Gill While true religion and sound
name of Gill will be precious and revered. . . . With a solidity of
judgment and with an acuteness of discernment peculiar to few,
he exhausted, as it were. the very soul and substance of most
arguments he undertook."-TOPLADY.
Gill pub. several treatises upon Baptism, and many occa-
sional serms. See the Life prefixed to his Serms. and
Tracts, No. 7 above, and Stennet's Funeral Serm. A new
Sro; a new ed. of his sermons, in 3 vols. 8vo, has appeared,
ed. of his Expos. of Solomon's Song was pub, in 1854, r.
and Rippon's Memoirs of his Life and Writings has been
pub. separately in 12mo.
Gill, Joseph. Law, &c. rel. to Insolvents, Lon., 1836.
Gill, R. W., and J. Johnson. Cases in Ct. of Ap-
peals of Maryland, 1829-1, Balt., 1829-45, 12 vols. 8vo.
Gill, Thomas. Con. to Med. Com., 1787.
Gill, Thomas. Trial of George Manners for Libels,
in the Satirist, on the Character of Wm. Hallett, 1812, Svo.
Gillan, R. Abridg. of the Acts Genl. Assembly of
Ch. of Scot., Edin., 1821, Svo.
Gillane, John, d. 1735, consecrated a bishop in the
Episcopal Ch. of Scot., 1727: Bishop of Dunblane, 1731.
1. Remarks upon Sir Jas. Dalrymple's Hist. Collec., Edin.,
1714, Svo. See DALRYMPLE, SIR JAMES. 2. Life of Rev.
John Sage, 1714, Svo.
Gillespie. Narrative of the most remarkable Events
of the Life of K. William III. Also a revised History of
the Siege of Londonderry, Derry, 1823, Svo. See Mr.
Macaulay's graphic account of the horrors of this siege,
in his. History of England, vol. iii., just pub., (1856.)
Gillespie, Major Alex. 1. Hist. Review of the
Royal Marine Corps, Lon., 1803, 4to. 2. Gleanings, &c.
at Buenos Ayres, 1818, Svo. A memoir of Maj. Gillespie
has been pub.
Gillespie, George, d. 1648, one of the four Com-
missioners from the Ch. of Scot. to the Westminster As-
sembly in 1643. 1. Dispute against the English Popish
Ceremonies obtruded upon the Ch. of Scot., 1637, '60, 4to.
2. Dialogue between a Civilian and a Divine conc. the Ch.
of Eng., 1644, 4to. Anon. 3. Recrimination charged upon
Mr. Goodwin, 1644, 4to. Anon. 4. Serm., 1644, 4to.
5. True Resolution, &c., 1645, 4to. 6. Mr. Colman's Piece,
&c., 1645, 4to. 7. Serm., 1645, 4to.
7. Serm., 1645, 4to. S. Wholesome Se-
verity, &c., 1645, 4to. Anon. 9. Aaron's Rod Blossoming,
1646, 4to. New ed., 1843, Svo.
"One of the chief works on the government of the Church of
Scotland.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
10. Male Audis., 1616, 4to. 11. Treat. of Miscell. Ques-
tions, 1649, 4to.
A
This is a practical and controversial book, but contains a con-
siderable portion of learned discussion respecting the meaning of
the Scriptures.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
12. The Ark of the Testament Opened, 2 vols. 4to: vol.
i., 1661; vol. ii., 1677. 13. Notes of Debates and Proceed-
ings of the Westminster Assembly, &c., with Life by Rev.
Dr. Hetherington, 1846, r. Svo. Gillespie's treatises have
CL
GIL
GIL
recently been repub.; a collective ed. of his Theolog. |
Works, 1844-46, 2 vols. r. 8vo; Serms., &c., 1844, r. Svo.
The Dispute against English Popish Ceremonies obtruded
on the Ch. of Scot. can be had separately. For an account
of his Life, we refer the reader to Dr. Hetherington's Me-
moir, noticed above.
"A man of very considerable talents, who supported the cha-
racter of his country, and the cause of presbytery, with great
ability and zeal, during the stormy period of the civil wars.”—
ORME: ubi supra.
Gillespie, James, D.D., Principal of St. Mary's Coll.,
Univ. of Aberdeen. Serms. from the Author's MSS., pub.
by George Hill, D.D., Lon., 1796, Svo.
"Such of us as saw the vigour of his days, remember the delight
with which we hung upon his lips; the grace of his elocution;
the interesting, devotional, pathetic style of his discourses."-DR.
GEORGE HILL.
Gillespie, Leonard, M.D. Profess. publications,
Lon., 1798, 1800, Svo.
Gillespie, Rev. Thomas, of the Presbytery of
"Relief," d. 1774. Treat. on Temptation, Edin., 1774,
12mo. New ed.
Gillespie, Thomas. The Seasons Contemplated in
the Spirit of the Gospel, Lon., 1822, 12mo.
Gillespie, W. 1. The Necessary Existence of God.
New ed., Edin., 1854, Svo. 2. China and the Chinese
Missions, with Hist. of Revolution, Lon., 1854, 12mo.
Gillespie, Rev. William. 1. The Progress of Re-
finement, and other Poems, Edin., 1805, '07, fp. Svo. 2. Con-
solation; with other Poems, Lon. and Edin., 1815, 8vo.
Gillespie, William Mitchell, LL.D., b. 1818, in N.
York, grad. at Columbia Coll., 1834; Prof. of Civil Engineer-
ing in Union Coll. since 1845. 1. Rome as seen by a New
Yorker, 1843-44, N. York, 1845, 12mo, pp. 216.
"A good title to a good book. The endeavour to convey Rome
only by those impressions which would naturally be made upon
an American, gives the work a certain air of originality:-the rarest
of all qualities in descriptions of the Eternal City. The style is
pure and sparkling, although occasionally flippant and diletan-
tesque. The tone of remark is much in the usual way—selon les
regles-never very exceptionable, and never very profound.”—
Edgar A. Poe's Literati.
2. Roads and Railroads; a Manual for Road-making,
1845; 7th ed., 1854, Svo, pp. 372.
"If the well-established principles of Road-making which are so
plainly set forth in Professor Gillespie's valuable work, and so well
illustrated, could be at once put into general use in this country,
every traveller would bear testimony to the fact that the author
is a great public benefactor."—Silliman's Amer. Jour. of Science.
"It is, in all respects, the best work on this subject with which
I am acquainted; being from its arrangement, comprehensiveness.
and clearness, equally adapted to the wants of Students of Civil
Engineering, and the purposes of persons in any way engaged in
the construction or supervision of roads."-PROFESSOR MAHAN, of
the Military Academy.
3. Philosophy of Mathematics, from the French of
Auguste Comte, 1851, 8vo, pp. 260.
"The classification given of the Sciences at large, and their
regular order of development, is unquestionably a master-piece of
scientific thinking. as ample as it is comprehensive." -Morell's
Speculative Philosophy of Europe.
4. The Principles and Practice of Land Surveying, 1855,
8vo, pp. 420; 6th ed., 1858.
"This really capital work is worth more than all the purely theo-
retical works upon the same subject that were ever published."-
Southern Literary Review.
"What Monge did for descriptive geometry, Gillespie has done
for surveying: he has reduced and consolidated into an harmonious
and systematic whole the heterogeneous details of a principle-less
practice."
Gillespy, Rev. E. Criminal Laws, Lon., 1793, 8vo.
Gillet, R. 1. The Pleasures of Reason; or, the Hun-
dred Thoughts of a Sensible Young Lady. In English
and French, Lon., 1796, sm. 12mo. 2. Moral Philos.,
1799, 12mo.
Gillett, J. T. His Trial and his Address to the Public,
Lon.. 1796, Svo.
Gillette, Abram Dunn, b. 1809, Cambridge, N.
York, Pastor of Calvary Church, N. Y. City. 1. History
of the Eleventh Baptist Church, Philadelphia. 2. Memoir
of Rev. Daniel Holbrook Gillette. 3. Pastor's Last Gift.
Edited Social Hymns, and Minutes of Philadelphia Baptist
Association froni 1707 to 1807. He has contributed largely
to various journals.
Gillies, John, D.D., 1712-1796, minister of the New
College Church, Glasgow, 1742-96. 1. Historical Collec-
tions of the Success of the Gospel, &c., Glasg., 1754, 2 vols.
8vo. Supp., 1761, 12mo. A Second Supp. was pub. by
Dr. Erskine in 1796. New ed. of the whole, with a Pref.
and Continuation by the Rev. H. Bonar, Kelso, 1845,.r. 8vo.
"A very interesting book, and well deserving of attention from
the lover of Cbristianity and of Church history."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"A very profitable book for a minister."-Bickersteth's C. S.
2. Devotional Exercises on the New Test., Lon., 1796,
672
Svo; 2d ed., with a Memoir of the Author by W. Nicol,
D.D., 1810, 2 vols. 8vo.
D.D., 1810, 2 vols. Svo. The first ed. has not the text.
>
"The work corresponds most faithfully with its title, and seems
to reflect in every page the piety and high devotional spirit of the
of the dry and more critical volumes recommended in this Biblio
author. Such a work may be a very important companion to many
theca."-Orme's Bibl. Brit.
"Beautiful and striking, though undesigned, pictures of his
pious and benevolent heart."-DR. ERSKINE.
"Much calculated to raise the heart to communion with God,
through the word.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
A most valuable book for those who read family devotion, every
important fact, doctrine, or precept. being made the ground and
matter of prayer; and that in such a style as to be an excellent
model of devotion."-Lon. Evan. Mag.
3. Life of Rev. Geo. Whitefield, &c., 1772, 8vo; 1813.
His Life is the 7th vol. of Whitefield's Works, in 7 vols.,
1771, Svo. 4. Essay on the Prophecies relating to the
Messiah, Edin., 1773, Svo. 5. Milton's Paradise Lost,
illustrated with texts of Scripture, Lon., 1788, 12mo.
Gillies, John, LL.D., 1747–1836, a native of Brechin,
Forfar, Scotland, educated at the University of Glasgow,
was for some time a travelling tutor to the sons of the Earl
of Hopetoun, and, upon the death of Dr. Robertson, was
appointed historiographer to the King of Scotland.
1. Trans. of the Orations of Isocrates, and those of Ly-
sias, &c., Lon., 177S, Svo. 2. Hist. of Ancient Greece, its
Colonies, and Conquests, 1786, 2 vols. 4to; Dubl., 1786, 3
vols. 8vo; Lon., 1787, 4 vols. Svo; Basil, 1790, 5 vols. 8vo;
1792, 4 vols. Svo; Lon., 1809, 4 vols. 8vo; 1820, 8 vols. 8vo.
"This work enters less into critical and recondite details than
that of Mr. Mitford, though sufficiently accurate and comprehen-
sive for all historical purposes; and is, in style of composition,
decidedly superior to it. It has been translated into the German
and French languages."-SAMUEL WARREN.
Another authority thus compares the histories of Gillies
and Mitford:
learned, the latter the most popular; the former is abrupt in the
"These are works of considerable merit; the former is the most
style, the latter is more fluent; by the perusal of the one the reader
is more amused than instructed, by the study of the other he is
more instructed than amused.”—Dr. Carpenter.
3. Trans. of Aristotle's Ethics and Politics, comprising
his Practical Philosophy, &c., 1786-97, 2 vols. 4to; 2d ed.,
1804, 2 vols. Svo. Supp. to the Analysis of Aristotle's
Spec. Works, 1804, 4to; 3d ed., 1813, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Aristotle's treatise on politics is the most valuable work on that
branch of philosophy that has descended to us from antiquity.
The version given of it in this work is sufficiently close to make
the reader acquainted with all that is really valuable in the ori-
ginal."-McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.
(.
It was the earliest effort of antiquity to establish a system of
political philosophy. His politics displayed his profound sagacity,
and it is admitted that Cicero, Machiavel, Montesquieu, Bacon, and
other statesmen, were largely indebted to Aristotle for the most
solid of their speculations."-CHANCELLOR Kent.
4. A view of the Reign of Frederic II. of Prussia, &c.,
1789, 8vo.
"The work of Dr. Gillies I can in no respect admire. There ap
pear some good observations about the king's military genius, and
there are some incidents mentioned of a general nature, which I
do not observe in other English works. On the whole, I can re-
commend it to the student only when he wishes to learn what can
be said in the praise or defence of Frederic. Gillies appears to me
only a warm panegyrist, and on this occasion neither a historian
nor a philosopher.”—Prof. Smyth's Lect. on Mod. Hist.
5. The Hist. of the World from the Reign of Alexander
to Augustus, 1807-10, 2 vols. 4to.
"It does not appear to present such a luminous and masterly
view of the very interesting period which it embraces, as would
have been given by Mr. Gibbon or Dr. Robertson; but it exhibits
proofs of learned research, and may, upon the whole, we think, be
read with pleasure and advantage. It deserves no praise on the
often vulgar and slovenly."-Edin. Rev., xi. 40-61.
score of style, which is commonly diffuse and overcharged; and
44
6. Trans. of Aristotle's Rhetoric, 1823, 8vo. The his-
torical works of Dr. Gillies may still be consulted by the
student with advantage, but should be followed by a care-
ful perusal of the results of more recent investigations.
Gillies, Robert Pierce, one of Blackwood's early
contributors, the Kemperhausen" of the NOCTES AMBRO-
SIANE, the originator and first editor of the Foreign Quar-
terly Review, the author of Varia, Childe Alarique, (Poems :)
Recollections of Sir Walter Scott, 1827; Sir Henry Lon-
gueville, (a Novel,) &c.; and translator of German litera-
ture, has told his own story in the Memoirs of a Literary
Veteran, Lon., 1851, 3 vols. p. Svo, to which we refer the
reader.
“Mr. Gillies has this advantage over many collectors of similar
reminiscences, that he was not only an author among authors, but
that his social position in early life gave him access to the best cir-
Galt, Maginn, Haydon, and many more names of interest, figure
cles. Scott, Wordsworth, Campbell, the Ettrick Shepherd, Rogers,
frequently in his pages."
"Mr. Robert Pierce Gillies is a gentleman of the Scotch bar,
favourably known by translations from the German."-WM. H
PRESCOTT: N. Amer. Rev., xlvi. 434, April, 1838.
GIL
GIL
Gilliland, Thomas. 1. Dramatic Synopsis, Lon.,
1304, 8vo. 2. Elbow Room, 1804, 8vo. 3. Dramatic Mir-
tor; containing the Hist. of the Stage from the earliest
period to the present time; including a Biog. and Crit.
account of all the Dramatic Writers from 1665 to the pre-
sent time; and also a Hist. of the Country Theatres in
England, Ireland, and Scotland, Lon., 1807, 2 vols. 12mo.
"This history of the stage and account of dramatic writers is of
little value."”—Lowndes's Bibl. Mon.
Gilling, Isaac. Serms., 1704, '08, '19, all 8vo.
Gillingwater, Edmund. 1. Parish Workhouses,
Lon., 1786, 8vo. 2. Hist. Acct. of Lowestoft, 1790, 4to.
3. Hist. and Descrip. Acct. of St. Edmund's Bury, Suffolk,
St. Edin., 1804, 12mo; 1811, 8vo.
Gilliss, Lieut. J. M., U. S. Navy, distinguished for
his scientific acquirements, and especially for astronomical
erudition. The U. S. Naval Astronomical Expedition to
the Southern Hemisphere during the years 1849, '50, '51,
'52. Lieut. J. M. Gilliss, Superintendent; Lieut. Archibald
Macrae, Acting Master S. L. Phelps, Capt.'s Clerk E. R.
Smith, Assistants. Vol. I. Chile: its Geography, Climate,
Earthquakes, Government, Social Condition, Mineral and
Agricultural Resources, Commerce, etc. etc. Vol. II. The
Andes, Minerals, Animals, Plants, and Fossils; Phila., 1856,
2 vols. 4to, pp. 566 and 300. Deeply interesting, and most
valuable contributions to our knowledge of this portion of
the American Continent.
Gillman, James.
Animal, Lon., 1812, Svo.
the Roy. Coll. of Surg.
Gillman, John, D.D. Serm., 1721, Sro.
Gillman, Webster. Poll for Kent,&c.,1796,1802,Svo.
Gillmor, C., Vicar of Dartford. 1. Reply to Mr.
Baptist W. Noel's Essay against the Union of Church and
State, 1849, 18mo; 2 eds.
"The reply should everywhere tread upon the heels of the Es-
say."-Nonconformist.
It is a most able and dispassionate refutation of the many
reasons brought forward by Mr. Noel.”—Bath Herald,
2. Israel in the Ascendant, 2d ed., 1853, Svo.
Gillon, Joseph. 1. Erskine's (John) Institute of the
Law of Scotland, 1805, fol. 2. Erskine's (John) Principles
of the Law of Scotland, 1809, Svo.
Dissert. on the Bite of a Rabid
This essay received a prize from
Gillon, Thomas. Catholic Principles of Allegiance
illustrated, Lon., 1807, Svo.
Gillray, James, d. 1815, a celebrated caricaturist,
exerted no small influence on the politics of his day. Sets
of his original plates, all engraved by himself between
1799 and 1810, had become extremely rare-indeed a com-
plete set could not be procured at any price-when Mr.
Henry Bohn, in 1849, repub. an ed. in one large atlas fol.,
for the trifling price of £S Ss. To this vol. should be
added the descriptive vol. of letter-press, by Thomas
Wright and R. H. Evans, 1850, Svo. Some years before
Some years before
the appearance of Bohn's ed., Mr. Maclean pub. one at the
price of twenty-five guinens, in two thin vols. This ed. is
now rare. Its contents, with additional subjects, will be
found in Mr. Bohu's ed.
Gillson, Edward. 1. Lectures on the Second Ad-
vent, Lon., 1845, 12mo; 1847.
"Four excellent discourses.... The subject is handled through-
put in a practical way.”—Achill Miss. Herald.
2. The Relapsed Demoniac. 3. Parting Token: Ten
concluding Serms., 1854, fp. Svo.
Gillum, R., M.D. Letter to Dr. Mill, 1803.
Gillum, Wm., d. 1797. 1. Miscell. Poems, and a
Farce called What will the World say? Lon., 1787, Svo.
2. The present War with France, 1794, Svo.
Gilly, Sarah. Receipts, Lon., 1662, Svo.
"With a portrait of S. Gilly, by W. Faithorne, (after Lely.) This
portrait was afterwards altered to Hannah Wooley."-Lowndes's
Bibl. Man.
Gilly, W. O. S. Shipwrecks of the Royal Navy,
1793-1819, Lon., 1850, p. Svo; 1851.
Gilly, Wm. Stephen, D.D., Canon of Durham, and
Vicar of Norham, d. 1855. 1. The Spirit of the Gospel,
1818, Svo.
"This volume is a valuable addition to the divinity treasury:
its language and comments are matured; but it rarely has ipse
dixit opinions.”—Anti-Jacobin Rev., No. 245.
2. Excursions to the Mountains of Piedmont, and Re-
searches among the Vaudois, 1824,4to; 1825,8vo; 1826,8vo.
One of the most interesting volumes that has lately appeared."
-Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxiii. 134–176.
All who are interested in the Waldenses should read both
this and the following volumes-Nos. 3, 5, and 7-and the
review from which we have just quoted.
3. Second Visit; or, Waldensian Researches, 1831, Svo.
"Exceedingly interesting, and the more so as all the details are
given from actual observation."-Lon. Athenæum.
4. Horæ Catecheticæ, 1328, 8vo.
"An esteemed work."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
5. Valdenses, Valdo, and Vigilantius; being tle articles
under these heads in the Seventh Ed. Encyc. Brit., 1841,
p. 8vo.
"An eloquent account, from personal observation, of that small
community of Protestants, who, in the secluded valleys of the
Cottian Alps, have for many centuries maintained the purity of
their faith and worship, and kept up the vestal fire of their moun-
tain church, in the midst of privations and persecutions not yet
extinguished."-Lon. Quarterly Review.
6. The Peasantry of the Border; an Appeal in their
Behalf, 1842, 8vo.
"Give them good cottages, and help them to educate their
children."
Of this excellent work a second ed., enlarged, has ap-
peared, with plans, estimates, &c.
7. Vigilantius and his Times, 1844, Svo.
"The history of this reformer and his controversy with Jerome
have been recently subjected to an elaborate examination by the
Rev. Dr. Gilly in his learned and instructive work, Vigilantius and
his Times, which the student ought by all means to consult in
order to obtain a clear idea of the deplorable state of religion in the
early part of this (the 5th) century."-DR. J. SEATON REID, Editor of
Mosheim.
S. Romaunt Version of the Gospel according to St. John,
1848, Svo.
Gilman, Mrs. Caroline, a daughter of the late
Samuel Howard of Boston, was born in that city, October
8, 1794. At the early age of 16, she wrote a poem entitled
Jephthah's Rash Vow, which was succeeded by another
poetical effusion, Jairus's Daughter, which was pub. in
The North American Review. In 1819 she was married
to Samuel Gilman, D.D., who, shortly after this event, be-
came pastor of the Unitarian Church in Charleston, South
Carolina, which office he retained until his death, in 1858.
In 1832 Mrs. Gilman commenced editing The Rosebud, a
the United States.
hebdomadal, perhaps the first juvenile newspaper pub. in
"From this periodical I have reprinted, at various times, the
following volumes:-Recollections of a New England Housekeeper;
Recollections of a Southern Matron; Ruth Raymond; or, Love's
Progress; Poetry of Travelling in the United States: Tales and
Ballads; Verses of a Life-Time; Letters of Eliza Wilkinson during
the Invasion of Charleston. Also several volumes for youth, now
collected in one, and recently published as Mrs. Gilman's Gift
Book." See Mrs. Hale's Records of Women, N. Y., 1853, r. Svo.
|
To this list must be added Oracles for Youth, 1854;
Oracles from the Poets; and Sibyl; or, New Oracles from
the Poets, 1854.
Mrs. Gilman is best known by the Recollections of a
New England Housekeeper, and Recollections of a Southern
Matron, of both of which there have been many editions.
Her works will long be valued for the spirit and fidelity with
which she has painted rural and domestic life in the northern and
in the southern states. Her Recollections of a New England
Housekeeper and Recollections of a Southern Matron are equally
happy, and both show habits of minute observation, skill in cha-
racter-writing, and an artist-like power of grouping. They are
also pervaded by a genial tone, and a true love of nature and
good sense. . . . The poems of Mrs. Gilman abound in expressions
of wise, womanly feeling, and are frequently marked by a graceful
elegance of manner."-Griswold's Female Poets of America.
See GLOVER, MRS. CAROLINE H.
•
Gilman, Charles. Decisions Sup. Cts. of Indiana
and Illinois, and Cir. Ct. U. S. for 7th Cir., Columbus,
1844, Svo..
Gilman, Samuel, D.D., b. 1791, in Gloucester,
Massachusetts; entered Harvard College in 1807, in the
same class with N. L. Frothingham and Edward Everett.
He graduated in 1811, and was, from 1817 to 1819, tutor
in his college. In 1819 he was married to Miss Caroline
Howard, (see GILMAN, MRS. CAROLINE,) and removed to
Charleston, South Carolina, where he remained until his
death in 1858, as pastor of the Unitarian Church of that
city. Dr. Gilman contributed many valuable papers to the
North American Review on the Lectures of Dr. Thomas
Brown, a trans. of several of the satires of Boileau, &c.,
and pub. other essays upon various subjects in the Boston
Christian Examiner, the London Monthly Repository, &c.,
together with discourses, biographies, essays, and transla-
tions, which exhibit a wide range of knowledge and are
"all executed with taste and scholarship." His Memoirs
of a New England Choir, of which there have been three
eds., has been greatly admired for the tone of humorous
vivacity and graphic descriptiveness which distinguishes it.
He pub., in 1852, the Pleasures and Pains of a Student's
Life, and, in 1856, a vol. entitled Contributions to Litera-
ture, Critical, Humorous, Biographical, Philosophical, and
Poetical. Noticed in N. Amer. Rev., July, 1856, 271, by
A. P. Peabody, D.D. Of his poems, The History of the
Ray of Light, and his Poem read before the Phi Beta Kappa
Society of Harvard College, are among the best-known.
43
673
GIL
GIL
|
A review of some of Dr. ´tilman's sermons will be found in
the Boston Christian Disciple, iv. 33. See an interesting
biographical sketch of Dr. Gilman in the Monthly Reli-
gious Magazine, Boston, April, 1858. Also Dr. Burnap's
Funeral Discourse.
of Livingston, Wright, Forsyth, Poinsett, and other states-
men, now deceased, with whom he was associated. Nume-
rous addresses and speeches of his have been printed, deli-
vered on public occasions or before societies connected with
literature, science, and the Fine Arts.
Gilmer, W. Cases Decided in Ct. Appeals of Vir-
ginia, 1820 to 1821, Richmond, 1821, 8vo.
Gilmour, Sir John, of Craigmillar. Decisions of
the Lords of Council and Session from July, 1661, to July,
1666, Edin., 1701, 4to.
Gilpin, Bernard, Rector of St. Andrew, Hertford.
Anthologia Sacra, Lon., 1832, Svo.
Gilpin, Edw. Skialetheia; or, A Shadow of Truth
in Certain Epigrams and Satyres, Lon., 1598, 16mo.
Gilpin, George, brother of Bernard, Privy-Counsellor
of Queen Elizabeth, and her ambassador at the Hague,
negotiated Treaty of 1596, between her, Henry IV. of
France, and the Dutch Republic; trans. from the Dutch
Alogambe's satire against Popery, entitled The Bee Hiue
of the Romishe Churche, Lon., 1580, '98, 16mo.
Gilpin, George, Secretary of the Royal Society. Con.
on Nat. Philos. to Phil. Trans., 1794, 1806, and Nic. Jour.,
1807.
Gilpin, Joseph. Epidemic Fever at Gibraltar in the
years 1804, '10, '13; Medico-Chirurg. Trans., v. 333, 1814.
Gilpin, Joshua, Vicar of Wrock wardine. Sermons
and Theol. Treat., 1785-1817. Life of St. Paul, 1806. Mo-
nument of Parental Affection, 1812.
|
|
Gilpin, Joshua, Phila. Memoir on a Canal from the
Chesapeake to the Delaware, 1821, Svo. Verses written at
the Fountain of Vaucluse, 1799, Svo. Farm of Virgil, and
other Poems, 1839, 12mo.
Gilmour, Capt. Robt. 1. Lothaire; a Romance,
1815, 8vo. 2. The Battle of Waterloo; a Poem, 1816, Svo.
Gilpin, Bernard, 1517-1583, the "Apostle of the
North," a native of Westmoreland, educated at and Fel-
low of Queen's Coll., Oxf., became Vicar of Norton, Dur-
ham, 1552, and subsequently Rector of Houghton-le-
Spring. He refused the bishopric of Carlisle and the
provostship of Queen's College. He embraced the prin-
ciples of the Reformation with great ardour, and no man
of his day was more famous for abundant labours, un-
quenchable zeal, and holiness of life. 1. A Godly Serm.,
1581. Also, sine anno. 2. Serm., 1630, 4to. His Life
was written by Bishop Carleton, 1628, &c.,-see Words-
worth's Eccl. Biog., iv. 367; an article by Southey in the
Quar. Rev., xxxix. 375; and his Life by his descendant, Rev.
Wm. Gilpin, 1753. New ed., with Introduc. Essay by the
Rev. Edward Irving, 1824, 12mo; 1830, 12mo; 1854, Svo.
"Thus died Bernard Gilpin, who, for his exemplary piety, labo-
rious virtue, and unbounded benevolence, deserves to have his
name transmitted to posterity with respect and reverence, and
who obtained—and most deservedly-among his contemporaries the
title of the Northern Apostle."
Gilpin, Rand. Liturgica Sacra, Carmine, 1657, Sro.
Gilpin, Richard, 1625–1699, graduated M.D. at
Leyden; studied divinity, and was Rector of Graystock,
in Cumb.; resigned it from non-compliance with the Act
of Uniformity. Disputatio Medica de IIysterica Passione.
The Temple Rebuilt, Lon., 1658. Sermons, Lon., 1700.
Demonologia Sacra; or, A Treatise of Satan's Tempta-
tions. In three parts, Lon., 1677, 4to.
|
"If ever there was a man that was clearly acquainted with the
cabinet councils of hell, this author is the man.”—Ryland's Colton
"An excellent work; shows the snares of our great enemy,
is full of Christian experience."-Bickersteth's C. S.
Mather.
and
Gilpin, Richard. Serm., Lon., 1700, 4to.
Gilpin, Rev. Thomas. The Odes of Anacreon, in
English Prose, Lon., 1807, 12mo; 1808.
Gilpin, Bernard, Rector of Warmington, Warwick-
shire. Accession Serm. on Judges xvii. 6, 1717, 8vo.
|
Gilpin, Thomas, Phila., original member of the
Amer. Phil. Society, 1769. Con. to its Transactions, vol. i.
339, ii. 236.
Gilpin, Gilbert. Con. on Machines to Nic. Jour.,
1806, '08.
Gilpin, Henry. Massacre of the Bards, and other
Poems, Lon., 1839, 12mo.
"Judge Hopkinson's decisions occupy the greater part of the
volume, and are very able and excellent expositions of Admiralty
Law. The Reporter has given clear and concise statements of the
facts in each case, and the book enjoys, in all respects, a high
reputation."-Marvin's Leg. Bibl. See 18 Amer. Jur., 521.
2. Opinions of the Attorneys-General of the U.S. from
the beginning of the Govt. to 1841; taken from Official
Documents transmitted to Congress, Wash., 1841, 2 vols. 8vo.
"The work is an interesting one, and every way a fitting monu-
ment to the reputation of the distinguished men who have suc-
cessively filled the Attorney-Generalship of the United States."
1 Pa. Law J., 264.
Gilpin, Jeremiah. Serm., Lon., 1787, Svo.
Gilpin, John, of Kendal, Eng. The Quakers Shaken,
Lon., 1653, 4to.
Gilpin, Henry D., a lawyer of Philadelphia, noted for
his attainments in the Greek and Latin classics, b. in 1801;
graduated in the University of Pennsylvania, 1819; Attor-
ney of the U.S. for Pennsylvania, 1832; Solicitor of the
Treasury of the United States, 1837; Attorney-General of
the United States, 1840; now President of the Pennsyl- 7. Expos. of the N. Test.; 1790, 4to; 2d ed., 1793, 2 vols.
vania Academy of the Fine Arts, Vice-President of the 8vo. Other eds.
Historical Society, and Director of Girard College. 1. Re- “A justly-admired and ably-executed work.”—Horne's Bibl. Bıb,
ports of Cases Dist. Ct. U.S. for East. Dist. Penna. 1828- | See Brit. Crit., O. S., iv. 122.
36, Phila., 1837, Svo.
|
8. Dialogues on the Amusements of the Clergy, 1797,
12mo.
To Mr. Gilpin we are also indebted for the supervision
of the publication, by authority of Congress, of The Papers
of James Madison, vols. i., ii., iii., pp. 580, xxii.; 662; 382,
ccxlvi., 1840, 8vo. These papers were purchased from
Mrs. Madison by the Govt. of the United States for thirty
thousand dollars. See a review of their character, by
Charles Francis Adams, in N. Amer. Rev., liii. 41.
Mr. Gilpin edited and wrote many articles in prose and
verse in the Atlantic Souvenir, the first literary annual pub.
in America, Phila., 1826-32. He is also the author of many
articles, literary and political, in the American Quarterly
Review and the Democratic Review, and some in the North
American Review. A large number of the Biographies of
the Signers of the Declaration of Independence were written
by him; and the second edition of that collection was en-
tirely revised, enlarged with much fresh original matter,
and edited by him. He has published biographical notices
674
Gilpin, Thomas. Exiles in Virginia: Observations
and Official Documents rel. to Friends during the Ameri-
can Revolution, 1848, Svo. On Representation of Minori-
ties, 1844, 8vo. On Organic Remains Connected with an
Ancient Tropical Region, 1843, 8vo.
|
New Forest, and Preb. of Salisbury, was the author of
Gilpin, William, 1724-1804, Vicar of Boldre, in the
many valuable theological and other works, some of which
endowment of a school or schools at Boldre. He was an
we notice. He left the profits of his publications for the
accomplished artist, as his illustrations to his vols. abun-
dantly prove. His brother Sawrey, a professional artist,
contributed etchings of cattle to William's picturesque
works. 1. Life of Bernard Gilpin, Lon, 1753, Svo. 2 Of
Latimer, 1755, Svo. 3. Of Wickliff, &c., 1765, Svo. 4. Of
Cranmer, 1784, Svo. 5. Of the Reformers, 1809, 2 vols. Svo.
6. Lect. on the Catechism of the Ch. of Eng., 1779, 2 vols.
12mo.
"This book greatly merits the attention of young persons.'
BISHOP WATSON.
""
"Written under the assumed name of Dr. Frampton, but really,
as I believe, by the late Rev. William Gilpin, Vicar of Boldre, in
the New Forest. A clergyman may derive from it, I am per-
suaded, many valuable hints with respect to his amusements,
and he will be amply repaid for the perusal by the neatness and
entertaining character of the composition, as well as by the
general correctness of its sentiments."-Bp. Mant's Clergyman's
Obligations, p. 338.
"Sound arguments against many that are indefensible, and a
pleading for those less objectionable."-Bickersteth's C. S.
9. Serms. preached to a Country Congregation. Vol. i.,
1799; 3d ed., 1802; vol. ii., 2d ed., 1801; vol. iii., 1803;
vol. iv., 1805.
perusal and the careful imitation of the young clergy, espe
"We strongly recommend these discourses to the frequent
cially those who reside in the country."-Dr. Aikin's Annual
Review.
10. We class under one bead a series of Mr. G.'s works
generally sold together, the first issued of which, Forest
Scenery, was pub. (first ed.) in 1791, 2 vols. Svo. Works
on the Picturesque in Landscape Scenery and Gardening,
comprising Observations and Artistical Remarks on the
Picturesque Beauty of various Parts of England, Wales,
and Scotland, in a Series of Tours and Essays, 1808, &c.
1. Northern Tour, 2 vols. 2. Southern Tour, 1 vol.
3. Western Tour, 1 vol. 4. Eastern Tour, 1 vol. 5. Scot-
tish Tour, 2 vols. 6. River Wye, &c., 1 vol. 7. Forest
Scenery, &c., 2 vols. 8. Five Essays: on Picturesque
Beauty, Travel, Landscape, Drawings, 1 vol. 9. Prints
GIL
GIS
and Early Engravers, 1 vol. Together, 12 vols. 8vo,
1808, &c., with 187 aquatinta engravings. Pub. at £10
Pub. at £10
108. Now (1856) worth about £3 10%. to £4 108., accord-
ing to condition.
"A gentleman by whose pen and whose pencil I have been
almost equally delighted, and who, with an originality that always
accompanies true genius, may be considered as having opened a
new source of enjoyment in surveying the works of nature."-
Green's Diary of a Lover of Literature.
"All these works (Gilpin's Tours] display a deep and sincere |
judgment, and are written in a style appropriate to the subject
and worthy of the matter."-Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
"Gilpin has described. in several justly esteemed tours. the
Picturesque Beauties of Great Britain. All his volumes are ac-
companied by engravings in aquatint, executed by himself with
the taste and feelings of a painter. He has in some measure cre-
ated a new kind of tour, which has found bad imitators every-
where. All his works abound with ingenious reflections, proper
to enrich the theory of the arts and to guide the practice of them.'
-Biographie Universelle.
Gilpin, William, d. 1848, Rector of Pulverbatch,
1806, son of the preceding, and his successor as master of
the school at Cheam, Surrey. Serms., illustrative and
practical, Lon., 1820, 8vo.
Gilpin, William Sawrey, d. 1843, aged 81, land-
scape-gardener, son of Sawrey Gilpin, artist of the Royal
Academy, and cousin to the subject of the preceding
notice. Practical Hints upon Landscape Gardening, Lon.,
1832, r. Svo; 1835.
"A very interesting work. Mr. Gilpin's well-known labours,
and their effect in advancing and refining the portion of our home
enjoyments connected with the garden, render it unnecessary for
us to say more than that this volume contains graphic embellish-
ments which at once adorn the work and illustrate its instruc-
tions."-Lon. Literary Guzellc.
Gilpin's terms were five guineas a day and travelling
expenses paid.
Gilroy, C. G.
Art of Weaving by Hand and by
Power; 2d ed., Manches., 1853, r. Svo.
"We have seldom or never seen a more elaborate work upon
any department of the art. It is a curious and extraordinary
book." Belfast Times.
Gilson, David, Curate of St. Saviour's, Southwark.
1. Serms. on Prac. Subjects, Lon., 1788, Svo. 2, 3, 4. Oc-
cas. Serms., 1793, '94, 1800. 5. Serms. on Prac. Subjects,
with Memoir.
"Contains many beautiful and impressive passages, much solid
argument, and a great deal of useful and edifying instruction.”—
Vide Life.
Gipps, George. Serm., Lon., 1645, 4to.
Gipps, Henry, Vicar of St. Peter's, Hereford. 1.
Treat. on the First Resurrection, &c., Lon.. 1831, 12mo.
"An elaborate work, written against the millenarian view of
Scripture."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
2. Serms. and Sketches of Serms., with Remarks upon
his Pulpit Ministry, by the Rev. J. H. Latrobe, 1833, Svo.
"These sermons of the Evangelical school are composed in a
plain and homely, but sometimes energetic style. and with an
earnest sincerity, sometimes harshness, of tone."-Brit. Crit., 1834.
“A volume of evangelical sermons, by one of the most eminent
and devoted ministers of the Establishment."-London Congrega-
tional Magazine.
Gipps, Thomas. Serm., &c., 1683, '99.
Giraldus Cambrensis. See BARRY, GIRALD.
Girdler, J. S. 1. Forestalling, Regrating, and In-
grossing, &c., Lon., 1800, Svo. 2. High Price of Pro-
visions, 1800.
Girdleston, Rev. J. L. 1. New Version of Pindar,
Lon. and Norw., 1810, 4to. 2. Facts tending to prove
that General Lee was Junius, Lon., 1813, Sro. See JUNIUS.
Girdlestone, Charles, Rural Dean, Rector of Kings-
winford, Staffordshire. 1. New Test., with a Comment.,
Lon., 1832-35, 4 pts. Svo; 2 vols. New ed., 1850, 2 vols. Svo.
"These labours are an honour to Mr. Girdlestone, and a service
to the Christian world."—Brit. Critic.
2. Old Test., with a Comment., 1836-38, pts. 1 to 3, Svo.
New ed., 1850, 4 vols. Svo.
"Two most valuable practical expositions of the Old and New
Testaments."-Horne's Bill. Bib.
We cite also the following commendation of Mr. Girdle-
stone's Commentaries on the Old and New Testaments:
"All controversial doctrines, all abstruse theories, and all
learned discussions are carefully avoided, while the capacities and
wants of an ordinary domestic circle are kept steadily in view.”—
Lon. Chris. Remem.
Mr. G. has also pub. several series of serms., &c., and
edited, in conjunction with the Rev. Wm. A. Osborne, an
expurgated and annotated edition of the Greek and Latin
classics, adapted to the use of young persons; pub. by
Messrs. Longman & Co., of London.
Girdlestone, Thomas, M.D., 1758-1822, a native
of Holt, Norfolk, practised for 36 years at Yarmouth.
1. Diabetes, Yarm., 1799. Svo. 2. Odes of Anacreon, in
English verse, Lon., 1803, er. Svo; 3d ed., 1806.
Girdlestone, Rev. Wm. Observ. on Danie! and
on part of the Revelations of St. John, with an Append.
on the 24th chap. of St. Matt., &c., Oxf., 1820, 8vo.
Girle, S. Serms., 1790. 1803, '05, all 8vo.
Girrard, J. Lect. on Education, Exon., 1757, 12mo.
Girtin, James. Seventy-five Portraits of Celebratedi
Painters, from authentic Originals, Lon., 1817, 4to.
Girtin, Thomas. Views in Paris, Lon., 1803, ob-
long fol.
Girton, Daniel. The Complete Pigeon-Fancier,
Lon.. 1779, 12mo.
“A very judicious compilation.”—Londes's Bül. Man.
Girvan, Alex. Reginald Selwyn; or, Lights and
Shades of Literary Life, 1825, Svo.
"We can recommend this book to the perusal of all who can
appreciate lifelike portraiture.”—L⁄m. M. Herald.
Girvin, John, 1734-1804. Exportation of Rock
Salt, &c., Lon., 1800, Svo.
A
Gisborne, John. The Vales of Wever; a loco-de-
scriptive Poen. Lon., 1797, 4to: 2d ed., 1851, 12mo.
Memoir of J. G., with Extracts from his Diary, was pnh.
in 1852, p. 8vo.
Gisborne, L. The Isthmus of Darien in 1852: Jour-
nal of Expedition of Inquiry, Lon., 1853, p. Svo.
Gisborne, Thomas, 1758-1846, a native of Derby,
entered Harrow School, 1773; St. John's Coll., Camb.,
1776; ordained deacon, 1781; priest, 1782; Perpetual Cu-
rate of Barton-under-Needwood, Staffordshire, 1783; re-
sided at Yoxhall Lodge, near Barton, 1783-1846; Preb. of
Durham, 1826. A biographical notice of Mr. G., with a
list of his works, will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag. for
June, 1846. His principal works are-1. Principles of
Moral Philosophy, Lon., 1789, Svo; 4th ed., with Remarks
rel. to Slave Trade, (pub. 1792,) 1798.
"A well-written work, containing many judicious observa-
tions."-Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
2. An Enquiry into the Duties of Men in the Higher
Rank and Middle Classes of Society in G. Brit., 1794, 4to;
1795, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. Walks in a Forest; or, Poems, &c.,
1794, 4to; 1797, Svo; 7th ed., 12mo.
Gisborne's Poems have a title to particular note, as possessing
just claims to original description. That entitled Walks in a
Forest is a peculiarly attractive work, not deficient in pathetic
incident or digressional decoration."-DR. Drake.
4. Duties of the Female Sex, 1797, Svo; 14th ed., 1847,
2.1mo. 5. Familiar Survey of the Chris. Relig. and Hist.,
1797, Svo: 8th ed., 1840, fp. 8vo.
•
It is a plain but judicious and useful work. The first division
gives the history of the Old and New Testament; the second ex-
plains the leading doctrines of our religion; and the third con-
veys the history of Christianity from its origin to the present
time."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
6. Poems, 1798, Sro; 3d ed., 12mo. 7. Serms., vol. i.,
5th ed., 1809 vol. ii., 4th ed., 1806. On Christian Mo-
rality, 2d ed., 1810, Svo. (He also pub. several occasional
serms.) His serms. are considered "a model for young
||
students of divinity."
The heart must be cold which is not mored by them, nor
should we admire the head which was impenetrable to their argu-
ments."-Brit. Critic.
..
We have read these sermons with so much satisfaction, that
were it in our power to aid their circulation by any testimony of
ciently strong and emphatic."-REV. ROBERT HALL
our approbation, we should be almost at a loss for terms suffi-
•
• Mr. Gisborne's style is clear and nervous, his piety dignified
and elevated, and his zeal tempered with mildness and candour.
These excellencies render his sermons a model for young students
of divinity, especially those who may have to address congrega
tions of the higher class."-Lon. Chris. Observer.
•
S. Serms. (8) on St. Paul's Epistle to the Colossians,
1816, 12mo.
**
A practical exposition of an important epistle. It embodies an
evangelical spirit, and affords some excellent illustrations both oʻ
the doctrine and general influence of the gospel."-Orme's Bibl. Bibl.
“A very useful little work.”—Horne's Bibl. Bib.
See an analysis of it in the Lon. Chris. Observer for 1816,
vol. xv., pp. 525–534.
9. The Testimony of Natural Theology to Christianity,
1818, 12mo.
"Some additional illustrations to Paley."-Bickersteth's C. S.
10. Considerations on the modern theories of Geology,
and their consistency or inconsistency with the Scriptures,
1837, Svo:
11. An Enquiry respecting Love as one of the Divine.
Attributes, 1838, fp. Svo.
rational, intelligent, and impressive, contribute to place Gisborne
"A series of writings on moral and theological subjects, calm.
in the number of the best Christians, if not of the best writers, of
the age."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
"All valuable. They are characterized throughout by sound
principles, an elegant diction, a benevolent and devout spirit."
Dr. E. Wiliams's C. P.
The moral writings of Mr. Gisborne are well known, and have
been long highly prized.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
675
GIS
GLA
Gisborne, Thomas, of Yoxhall Lodge, Staffordshire.
1. Letter to Rev. H. Phillpots, D.D., Lon., 1827, Svo.
2. Essays on Agriculture: I. Cattle and Sheep. II. Agri-
cultural Drainage. III. Ancient Agricultural Literature.
IV. High Farming. Lon., 1853, p. 8vo. These essays ap-
peared originally in the Lon. Quar. Rev.
6.
These essays are very creditable, and show the author to have
taken much more than an amateur view of the subjects, and to
have gathered a knowledge very far beyond the station of life
which he occupied. . . . The subjects are well understood and very
sensibly discussed."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Gisborne, Wm., D.D. Inquiry into the Principles
of National Order, &c., 1798, 1800, Svo. Prefixed are two
tracts written by Edward, Earl of Clarendon, on War and
Peace.
"If Mr. Gladstone were an ordinary character, we should be in-
clined to speak strongly of the singular vigour, depth of thought.
and eloquence, which he has displayed in his essay. But he is
evidently not an ordinary character: though it is to be hoped that
many others are now forming themselves in the same school with
him to act hereafter on the same principles."-Lon. Quur. Rev.,
lxv. 97-153.
"We certainly cannot wish that Mr. Gladstone's doctrines may
become fashionable with public men. But we heartily wish that
his laudable desire to penetrate beneath the surface of questions,
and to arrive, by long and intense meditation, at the knowledge
of great general laws, were much more fashionable than we at all
expect it to become."-T. B. MACAULAY: Edin. Rev., 1xix. 231-280.
Also see Brit. Critic, xxvi. 355.
2. Church Principles considered in their Results, 1840,
12mo.
Gittins, or Gittings, Dan. 1. Serm., 1744, Svo.
2. Serm., Lon., 1755, Svo. 3. Remarks on the Tenets and
Principles of the Quakers as contained in the Theses Theo-ing,
logica of Robert Barclay, 1758, Svo.
Gladstone, J. Letter to the Earl of Clancarty on
the Importation of Wool from the U. States, Lon., 1814.
Gladstone, Rt. Hon. Wm. Ewart, b. at Liverpool,
Dec. 29, 1809, the youngest son of Sir John Gladstone,
was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxf.; entered
Parliament as member for Newark, 1832; represented
Oxford University since 1847; Chancellor of the Exche-
quer, 1851. Mr. G. has also held several other important
public stations. 1. The State in its Relations with the
Church, Lon., 1838, 8vo; 4th ed., 1841, 2 vols.
Of the two preceding works Mr. Bickersteth remarks:
"Useful thoughts, but with Tractarian tendencies."-Christian
Student.
3. Inaugural Address at the Collegiate Institution, Liver-
pool, 1843, Svo. 4. Remarks on Recent Commercial Legis-
lation, 1845, Svo. 5. Manual of Family Prayers from the
Liturgy, 1845, 12mo. 6. Two Letters to the Earl of Aber-
deen on the state prosecutions of the Neapolitan Govern-
ment, 11th ed., 1851, 12mo, pp. 48. 7. An Examination
of the Official Reply of the Neapolitan Government, 1852,
Svo, pp. 52. Copies of Mr. Gladstone's celebrated Letters
-a protest against the cruelties of the Government of
Naples, founded upon the writer's personal visits to the
prisons, &c. of that country-have been sent by the British
Government to the court of every European state. Those
who have been interested in Mr. Gladstone's correspondence
upon ecclesiastical matters with the Chevalier Bunsen,
should read the work of the latter, entitled Constitution
of the Church of the Future: a Practical Explanation of
the Corresp. with the Rt. Hon. Wm. E. Gladstone on the
German Church, Episcopacy, and Jerusalem. With a
Preface, Notes, and the Complete Correspondence Trans.,
1847, p. 8vo. See COTTRELL, C. H.
"A volume which is destined to produce a very strong sensation
in the religious world. The King of Prussia has just given his
kingdom an important constitutional change; but it can bear no
comparison with the more extensive and momentous views enter-
tained by his Minister in regard to the Church and the future of
Christianity."-Lon. Lit. Gaz. See MURE, COL. WILLIAM, M.P.
Gladwin, Francis. Ayeen Akery: or, the Institutes
of the Emperor Akbar. From the Persian, Lon., 1777,
4to; Calcut., 1783-86, 3 vols. 4to. Best ed. Reprinted,
Lon., 1800, 2 vols. 4to. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
"A description of the whole Indian Empire."
"Perhaps no book in the Republic of Letters contains so much
information in so small a space.”—CLARKE,
Gladwin also pub. a Hist. of Hindostan, Calcut., 1788,
4to, translations from the Persian, and works upon the
philology of this language, &c., 1788-1800.
Glandore, Earl of. Speech, Dubl., 1799, Svo.
Glanius. 1. Voy. to Bengala, Lon., 1682, 8vo. 2. New
Voy. to the E. Indies.
Glanvil, Bartholomew. See BARTHOLOMEUS AN-
|
by John Topham, Lon., 1775, 8vo. This volume contains
much valuable information on the troublesome question of
controverted elections. See Prince's Worthics of Devon;
Athen. Oxon.; Lloyd's Memoirs.
GLICUS.
Glanvil, Sir John, d. 1661, King's Sergeant, and
Speaker of Parliament, a son of John Glanvil of Tavis-
tock. Reports of Cases of Controverted Elections. Pub.
676
Glanvil, John, 1664-1735, grandson of the preceding,
a native of Broad Hinton. Poems, Lon., 1725, Svo. He
made the first English trans. of Fontenelle's Plurality of
Worlds.
Glanvil, or Glanvill, Joseph, 1632-1680, a native
of Plymouth, entered Exeter Coll., Oxf., 1652; Rector of
the Abbey-church, Bath, 1666; Preb. of Worcester, 1678.
He was a man of learning and genius, a zealous member
of the Royal Society, a warm opponent of the Aristoteleian
philosophy, and a firm believer in witchcraft.
He pub. a
number of serms., philosophical treatises, &c., of which the
following are the principal:-1. The Vanity of Dogmatiz-
Lou., 1661, Svo and 12mo; 1662, Svo. With addits.,
and entitled Seepsis Scientifica; or, Confest Ignorance tho
way to Science, 1665, 4to.
b
The whole work is strongly marked with the features of an
acute, an original, and, in matters of science, a somewhat sceptical
genius: and. when compared with the treatise on witchcraft [see
Nos. 3 and 10] by the same author, adds another proof to those
already mentioned of the possible union of the highest intellectual
gifts with the most degrading intellectual weakness."-DUGALD
STEWART: Prelim. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit.
Could Glanvil read this complimentary reflection, doubt-
less he would have considered that it "added another proof
to those already mentioned" of the Vanity of Dogmatizing.
2. Lux Orientalis, Lon., 1662, Svo. With Annot. by Dr.
H. More, 1682, Svo. 3. Blow at Modern Sadducism; on
Witches and Witchcraft, &c., 1666, 410; 1667, fol.; 16SS,
Svo. 4. Plus ultra; or, the Progress of Knowl. since Aris-
totle, 1668, Svo.
5, 6. Two tracts ags. H. Stubbe, 1671, Svo.
phia Pia, 1671, Svo. S. Essays, 1676, 4to.
Preaching, 1678, Svo; 1703, 12mo.
"The scarcest and most estimable of his works."-GRANGER.
7. Philoso-
9. Essay on
"A plain and sensible treatise."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
10. Sadducismus Triumphans; or, A full and plain
Evidence conc. Witches and Apparitions;_ with some Acct.
of the Author's Life and Writings, by Dr. Henry More,
1681, Svo. With addits., 1682, 1726, Svo. See an interest-
ing essay on witchcraft, prefaced with a catalogue of works
upon the subject, in the Lon. Retrosp. Review, v. 86-136,
1822. 11. Some Discourses, Serms., and Remains. Pub.
by Dr. Henry Horneck, 1681, 4to.
"The Author of these discourses, as his wit lay out of the com-
mon road, so this genuine offspring of his fertile brain soars above
the common level of ecclesiastical orations.”—DR. HORNECK.
"He was a person of more than ordinary parts. of a quick, warm,
spruce, and gay fancy, and was more lucky, at least in his own
judgment, in his first hints and thoughts of things, than in his
after notions, examined and digested by longer and more mature
deliberation."-Athen. Oxon.
See Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit.; Prince's Worthies of
Devon.
Glanvil, Glanvill, or Glanville, Ranulph de,
in the Crusades, and fell at the siege of Acre, at an ad-
Chief-Justiciary of all England, accompanied King Kichard
vanced age. The following work is generally ascribed to
glia, tempore Regis Henrici Secundi, Lon., 1554, '57? '80,
him-Tractatus de Legibus consuetudinibus Regni An-
1604, 73, 12mo. Best ed. by John Wilmot, 1780, 12mo.
trans., the only one in English, is accurate, and the text is
Trans. into English by John Beames, 1812, Svo. This
enriched with learned notes. It is by no means certain
that this work was written by Glanvil. It has been as-
cribed to E. de Narbrough, and also to King Henry II.
It resembles so closely the Regiam Majestatem, that no
doubt one was copied from the other; and it seems most
probable that the De Legibus is the elder work.
"But as on the one side, 1 dare not be confident that it is Glan-
vill's, so I make little question that it is as antient as his time, if
not his work.”—JOHN SELDEN.
Glanvil is relied upon as authority by Coke, Spelman,
Selden, Hale, Blackstone, &c.
“Whom I cite many times in these Reports for the fruit which
I confess myself to have reaped out of the fair fields of his labours."
-LORD COKE.
Reeves incorporated the principal part of Glanvil's Trac-
tatus in his Hist. of the Common Law.
An eminent authority, well known for his partiality
to old English law-writers, several of whom he had re-
printed with his own annotations, thus compares Glanvil
and Littleton:
"Voici l'opinion que j'ai concue du recueil de Glanville. Il in.
dique la méthode la plus sure pour faire exécuter la loi; et Little
ton nous instruit des causes et du but de cette méthode. Celui-ci
propose toutes les maximes; et la compilation de Glanville con!
prend toutes les Procédures propres à mettre ces maximes en
GLA
GLE
action. Ces deux ouvrages réunis suffisent pour instruire à fond A.M. Ohioensi, Literis Latinis conscripta. Neo-Eborac.
des coutumes et de l'ordre judicaire observés chez les anciens Nor-poli, 1835, 12mo. Typis Fratrum Harperorum. A review
ma...ds."-M. HOUARD.
of this work, by J. L. Kingsley, appeared in the N. Amer.
Rev., xliii. 37-42. This elicited some animadversions in
by Mr. K. in the N. Amer. Rev., xliv. 270-272. A notice
the Knickerbocker Mag., viii. 473, which were replied to
of Glass's work will also be found in the South. Lit. Mess.,
ii. 52. Mr. Kingsley admits that Glass
"Is often happy in the choice of words and phrases, and pas
sages occur of terseness and strength; nor does the author seem
to have been wanting in any thing to make this work a worthy
companion of the modern histories in the same language but a
freer access to books and the advantages of a more correct and
thorough criticism."
See the above authorities cited, and others referred to,
in Marvin's Leg. Bibl. The Mirror declares that Glanvil
was the inventor of the famous writ of Assize or De Novel
Disseisin; but other authorities affirm this to be more an-
cient. Of the works referred to above, Bishop Nicolson's
Eng. Hist. Lib. must be specially consulted.
Glanville, John. Articuli Fidei Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ,
carmine expressi, Oxon., 1613, 4to.
Glapthorn, or Glapthorne, Henry, a dramatic
author temp. Charles I. 1. Albertus Wallenstein, Tr., Lon.,
1634, 4to. 2. Argalus and Parthenia, Tr. Com., 1639, 4to.
3. The Ladies' Privilege, 1640, 4to. 4. The Hollander, C.,
1640, 4to. 5. Wit in a Constable, 1640, 4to. 6. The Para
side, N. P. 7. The Vestal, N. P. 8. The Noble Tryal, Tr.
C., N. P. 9. The Dutchess of Fernandina, Tr., N. P.
10. Poems, to Lucinda, &c., 1639, 4to.
"C
|
Plays which I presume in those days past with good Approba-
tion at the Globe and Cock-pit Playhouses; tho' I cannot agree
with Mr. Winstanley, [English Poets, page 115.] That he was one of
the chiefest Dramatic Pods of this Age”—Langhainé's Dram. Poets,
Though bis plays are now entirely laid aside. yet. at the time
they were written, they met with considerable approbation and
success."-Biog. Dramat.
Ci
"Glapthorne is certainly a better writer than a dramatist, more
eloquent than impassioned, more poetical than pathetic, infinitely
better qualified to describe than to feel, and to describe outward
and visible things. than
"To paint the finest features of the mind;
And to most subtle and mysterious things
Give colour, strength, and motion.""
Lon. Retrosp. Rev., x. 122–160, 1824
Glas, Adam. Serm., 1712, 8vo.
Glas, or Glass, George. Hist. of the Canary Is-
lands; from the Spanish, Lon., 1764, 4to. Also in Pinker-
ton's Collec. of Voy. and Trav., vol. xvi.
6.
The affinity of the Aborigines of these Islands to the American
Tribes is one of the most interesting questions of ethnological
science."
Glas, or Glass, John, 1635-1773, a Scotch divine,
a native of Dundee, was the founder of the Glassites,
afterwards called, from his son-in-law, Robert Sandeman,
Sandemanians. See an account of their tenets, in Wil-
son's Hist. of Dissent. Churches; Eneye. Brit.; and their
own exposition, pub. in 1766. 1. The Testimony of the
King of Martyrs, 1727. New ed. See FERRIER, ROBERT.
"Mr. Glas was a minister of the Established Church in Scotland:
but, for maintaining that the kingdom of Christ is not of this world.
was expelled by a Synod. His sentiments are explained in his
Testimony of the King of Martyrs, first published in 1729.”
Evans's Sketch.
"His tract. The Testimony of the King of Martyrs. though its
leading argument may be disputed by many, contains some beau-
tiful illustrations of the Bible.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
2. Works, Edin., 1762, 4 vols. Svo; Perth, 1782, 5 vols. Sro.
"These works are chiefly controversial; but they contain fre-
quent critical discussions of the meaning of Scripture which are
worthy of attention. . . . The volume of Notes on Scripture texts
shows that he possessed no inconsiderable portion of learning and
critical sagacity. Glas's works also contain, what I do not know
is to be found elsewhere, an English translation of the Discourse
of Celsus."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Glas, or Glass, John, 1725-1765, a surgeon, and
afterwards ship-master, son of the preceding, was mur-
dered, with his family, by part of the crew of a vessel, in
which he was sailing from the Brazils to London. A De-
scription of Teneriffe; with the Manners and Customs of
the Portuguese who are settled there.
But he thinks it his duty to add:
"We doubt, however, whether this Life of Washington can le
used to advantage in schools: certainly not without constant at-
tention on the part of the instructor to point out its errors and
defects.”—N. Amer. Rev., xliii. 43.
Georgii Washingtonii, America Septentrionalis Civita-
tum Fæleratarum Præsidis primi, Vita, Francisco Glass,
The fairest advice which we can offer to the intelligent
reader is that he should read the articles pro and con, and
then examine the work for himself.
Glass, G. H.
See GLASSE.
Glass, H. Servant's Directory, Lon., 1760, Svo.
Glass, Samuel. Dropsy: Phil. Trans., 1746.
Glass, Thomas, M.D. Med. treatises, 1742–75.
Glasse, Capt. Hints for Officers, 1812, 8vo.
Glasse, Dr. Magistrate's Assist., 1784, &c.; 4th ed., s. a.
Glasse, Henry George, d. 1809; presented to the
living of Hanwell, Middlesex, 1785. He trans. Mason's
Caractacus, 1781, '83, and Milton's Samson Agonistes,
1788, into Greek verse; pub. Contemplations from the
Sacred History, altered from the Works of Bishop Hall,
1793, 4 vols. 12mo; and Serms. &c., 1787–1805.
Glasse, John. Poems, Lon., 1763, 4to.
Glasse, Samuel, D.D., Rector of Wanstead, Essex,
pub. a number of occasional serms., 1773-1803; an Expos.
of the 10 Commandments, 1801, 12mo; Six Lects. on the
Ch. Catechism, 1801, 12mo; and Lectures on the Holy
Festivals, 2d ed., 1802, Svo.
These most excellent sermons on the Festivals convey very
sound and pleasing instruction, and in every instance give you
the most authentic account of the person who is the subject of the
day's celebration."-British Critic.
Glassford, James, of Dougalston. Advocate. 1. Scot.
Courts of Law, Edin., 1812, Svo. 2. Evidence, 1820, Svo.
3. Enigmas, &c., 12mo. 4. Three Tours in Ireland, 1824-
26, 12mo. 5. Trans. of Lord Bacon's Latin Pieces, 18mo.
6. Covetousness brought to the Bar of Scripture, 1837, p.8vo.
The subject is placed before us in so strong and impressive an
aspect, and yet so entirely freed from all exaggeration of state-
ment, that we sincerely hope the treatise will meet with that ex-
tensive circulation which the excellent talents and Christian
worth of the author so eminently deserve.”—Edin. Presh. Reviw,
7. Metrical Versions and Illus. of Scripture. S. Popular
Education with ref. to Ireland, 1838, 12mo. 9. Lyrical
Compositions from the Italian Poets, with translations,
1846, 12mo. The 2d ed. is greatly enlarged. The former
edition was thus noticed in the Edinburgh Review:
6.
We have been greatly pleased with this little volume, as much
from its general character, as from the grace and polish of its exe
cution. It is evidently the production of one possessing a quick
natural sensibility to natural beauty, improved by art and study,
and no inattentive observer of the poetry of our times."
..
Glazebrook, James, 1744–1803, a native of Ma-
deley, Shropshire, Vicar of Belton, Leicestershire, and
minister of St. James's, Latchford, Warrington. Scrms.
and Life, Warring., 1805, Svo.
Glazier, Wm. Belcher, b. 1827, at Hallowell, Maine.
Poems, Hallowell, 1853, 12mo. Mr. G. has contriluted to
several periodicals.
Gleig, Rt. Rev. George, LL.D., one of the Bishops
of the Episcopal Church of Scotland; coadjutor to the
Bishop of Brechin, 1808; preferred to the sole charge,
1810; Primus, 1816. 1. Supp. to the 3d cd. of Eneye.
Brit., Edin., 1801, 2 vols. 4to. 2. Occasional Serms.,
1803, Svo. 3. A Charge, 1809, 4to. 4. Two Serms., Lon.,
1814, Svo. 5. Stackhouse's Hist. of the Bible, corrected
and improved, 1817, 3 vols. 4to.
Glascock, Capt. W. N., R. N. 1. Tales of a Tar,
Lon., p. Svo. 2. Naval Service, 2 vols. p. Svo. 3. Naval
Sketch-Book, 1826, 2 vols. p. Svo.
66
By far the greater part of these volumes must be utterly unin-
telligible to all but naval men: to them it will afford a considerable
treat; and as we were at sea ourselves, long ago, in our youth, we
also can taste its humour perfectly.... Every word smells of pitch
and tar; and really some parts of it are so well done, that. like
the Panorama of Leith Roads, they are apt to make one a little
qualmish."—Lon. Monthly Rev.. cix. 200–212.
4. Naval Sketch-Book, 2d Series, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 5. Sailors
and Saints, 1829, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1831. 6. Land Sharks
and Sea Gulls, new ed., 1838, 3 vols. p. Svo. 7. Naval
Officer's Manual, 2d ed., 1848, p. Svo. New ed., 1854.
Glascocke, T. Serm., 1702, 4to.
Glascott, Cradock. Fast Serm., Lon., 1777, Svo.
Glasier, Hugh. Serm. at Paules Crosse, 1555.
Glass, Francis, educated in Philadelphia, taught
school for some time in the interior of Pennsylvania, and
in 1817 or '18 removed to Miami county, Ohio, where he
performed the duties of a schoolmaster in different localities.
An account of Mr. Glass will be found in Mr. Reynolds'sity;
preface to the following work by the former:
With important corrections, and several valuable dissertations,
which tended greatly to increase its utility."-Horne's Bill. Bib.
See STACKHOUSE, THOMAS.
6. Directions for the study of Theology, in a series of
Letters from a Bishop to his son on his admission to holy
orders, 1827, Svo.
"A learned and sensible guide. which appears to divide itself
Morals, viewed in reference both to their object and their author
into three parts: 1. Of Natural Religion; 2. Of the Foundation of
and 3. Of the Doctrines which are peculiar to Christianity."
Lowndes's Bril. Lib.
Bishop Gleig contributed a number of articles to the
Anti-Jacobin Review and to the British Critic.
677
GLE
GLI
S.
This is a history of the institution of the Sabbath. and of the
change as to the time of its being kept. It is written with becom
ing earnestness, and in its bistorical account is sufficiently inte
resting."-Lon. New Monthly Magazine, No. 18.
|
Glen, John King. Poems, Lon., 1752, Svo.
Glen, Wm. Treat. on the Bills of Exchange, Pro-
missory Notes, and Letters of Credit in Scotland, Edin.,
1807, Svo; 2d ed., 1824.
6.
Gleig, George Robert, born in 1795, a son of the
preceding, is one of the most voluminous writers of the
day. He was educated at Oxford, which he left to join
the army, then marching through the city for Lisbon;
served in the Peninsula, (see the Subaltern,) and subse-
quently in the campaign of Washington, where he was
severely wounded; took holy orders; presented to the living
of Ivy Church, Kent, 1822; Chaplain of Chelsea Hospital,
1844 Chaplain-General to the Forces, 1846; devised a
scheme for the education of soldiers, and appointed In-
spector-General of Military Schools. 1. The Subaltern,
1825, 12mo. 2. Allan Breck, 3 vols. p. Svo. 3. Chelsea
Pensioners, 1829, '40, 3 vols. p. Svo; also in 1 vol. 12mo.
4. Serms., Doct. and Pract., 1830, 12mo. 5. Hist. of the
Bible, 1830, '31, 2 vols. p. Svo. 6. Brit. Milt. Commanders,
1831, 32, 3 vols. fp. Svo. 7. Hist. of Brit. India, 1831-33,
'48, 4 vols. 18mo. 8. Country Curate, 1834, '49, 2 vols. p.
8vo; also in 1 vol. 12mo. 9. Soldier's Help to Divine
Truth, 1835, 12mo. 10. Chronicles of Waltham, 1835, 3
vols. p. 8vo. 11. Guide to the Lord's Supper, 1835, 12mo.
12. Family Hist. of Eng., 1836, '54, 3 vols. 12mo. 13. The
Hussar, 1837, 2 vols. p. Svo; also in 1 vol. 12mo. 14. Tra-
ditions of Chelsea College, 1838, '48, 3 vols. p. Svo; also
in 1 vol. 12mo. 15. Visit in 1837 to Germany, Bohemia,
and Hungary, 1839, 3 vols. p. Svo. 16. The Only Daughter,
1839, 3 vols. p. Svo. 17. Life of Sir Thos. Munro, 3 vols. 8vo,
2 vols. 8vo, and new ed., 1849, 1 vol. p. 8vo. 18. Hist.
of Eng. for Schools, 3d ed., 1850, 12mno. 19. Veterans of
Chelsea Hospital, 1841, 3 vols. p. Svo. 20. Things, Old
and New, r. Svo. 21. Memoirs of Warren Hastings, 1841,
3 vols. p. Svo. 22. Serms. for Advent, Christmas, and the
Epiphany, 1844, 12mo. 23. The Light Dragoon, 1844, '48,
'50, 54, 2 vols. p. Svo; also in 1 vol. 12mo. 24. Milt.
Hist. of G. Brit., 1845, 12mo. 25. Sale's Brigade in Af-
ghanistan, 1846, p. Svo. 26. Campaigns of the Brit. Army
at Washington and N. Orleans, 1814-15, 1847, p. Svo.
27. Story of the Battle of Waterloo, 1847, p. Svo. The
reader should also peruse the Story of the Peninsular War.
28. Life of Lord Clive, 1848, 12mo. 29. School Series,
1850, &c., in 18 vols. This series, composed of works by
This series, composed of works by
Mr. Gleig and other writers, comprises many valuable
The references in the first edition are almost wholly to Scotch
decisions, but in this to both Scotch and English.”—MARVIN.
Glen, Wm. C. Legal publications, Lon., 1846-58.
Glenbervie, Lord." See DOUGLAS, SYLVESTER.
of the Countess of Glencairn, 1812.
Glencairn, Isabella. A Representation of the Case
Glenie, James, 1750-1817, a Scotch mathematician,
and a lieut. in the artillery, paid much attention to forti-
fications, and pub. The Hist. of Gunnery, Edin., 1776, and
a number of mathemat. and other works. He also con-
contributions to the interests of education. It is still
(1854) in course of publication by Longman. 30. Leipsic
Campaign, 1852, 12mo. It is unnecessary, after such a
long catalogue of works, following each other in rapid
succession, to say that Mr. Gleig is a very popular writer.
Without entering into any detailed examination of his
merits or demerits, we cannot avoid entering a protest
against his zealous advocacy of one of the most unscru-
pulous, cruel, and remorseless wretches who ever disgraced
humanity in general, and the British name in particular
Warren Hastings. Mr. Gleig's Life of Hastings forms a
proper companion to Abbott's Life of Napoleon. We can
say nothing more condemnatory of both. To prove that
To prove that
we "do well to be angry" with the Chaplain-General's re-
markable production, entitled The Memoirs of Warren
Hastings, we shall fortify our position by a brief extract
from an eminent critic, who adds to his multifarious eru-
dition an intimate acquaintance with East India Affairs:
"This book seems to have been manufactured in pursuance of a
contract, by which the representatives of Warren Hastings, on the
one part, bound themselves to furnish papers, and Mr. Gleig, on
the other part, bound himself to furnish praise. It is but just to
say that the covenants on both sides have been most faithfully
kept; and the result is before us in the form of three big bad vo-
lumes, full of undigested correspondence and undiscerning pane-
gyric. If it were worth while to examine this performance in
detail, we could easily make a long article, by merely pointing out
inaccurate statements, inelegant expressions, and immoral doc-
trines. But it would be idle to waste criticism on a bookmaker;
and, whatever credit Mr. Gleig may have justly earned by former
works, it is as a bookmaker, and nothing more, that he now comes
before us. More eminent men than Mr. Gleig have written nearly
as ill as he, when they have stooped to similar drudgery. It would
be unjust to estimate Goldsmith by the History of Greece, or Scott
by the Life of Napoleon. Mr. Gleig is neither a Goldsmith nor a
Scott; but it would be unjust to deny that he is capable of some-
thing better than these memoirs. It would also, we hope and
believe, be unjust to charge any Christian minister with the guilt
of deliberately maintaining some propositions which we find in
this work. It is not too much to say, that Mr. Gleig has written
several passages, which bear the same relation to the Prince of
Machiavelli that the Prince of Machiavelli bears to the Whole Duty
of Man, and which would excite amazement in a den of robbers,
or on board of a schooner of pirates. But we are willing to attribute
these offences to baste, to thoughtlessness. and to that disease of
the understanding which may be called the Furor Biographicus,
and which is to writers of lives what the goitre is to an Alpine
shepherd, or dirt-eating to a Negro slave.”—T. B. MACAULAY: Edin.
Rev., Oct. 1841; and in his Miscellanies, under the title of Wurren
Hastings.
We have already referred to Mr. Gleig's Memoir in our
article on EDMUND BURKE, pp. 292, 293, and perhaps in
other parts of this volume. Mr. Gleig's sermons have been
highly commended. Essays, Biographical, Historical, and
Miscellaneous, contributed chiefly to the Edinburgh and
Quarterly Reviews, 1858, 2 vols. cr. Svo. A notice of Mr.
G., with a portrait, will be found in Fraser's Magazine, x.
282.
|
Glemham, Charles. Prayers, Lon., 1569, Svo.
Glen, A. Assize Serm., 1781, Svo.
Glen, John, Minister of the Chapel in Portobello. A
Treatise on the Sabbath, Edin., 1822, 12mo.
“A very excellent work on a most important subject.”—Chris.
Recorder.
tributed mathemat. &c. papers to Phil. Trans., 1776, '77,
and to Trans. Soc., Edin., 1796, 1812, '15.
Glenorchy, Willielma, Viscountess, 1741-1786.
Her Life, with extracts from her Diary and Corresp., by
T. S. Jones, D.D., minister of her chapel, Edinburgh, Edin.,
1822, Svo.
Glenton, Fred. Widows, &c. of Medical Men, 1792.
Gliddon, George R., d. at Panama, Nov. 16, 1857,
aged 50, U. S. Consul for Cairo, in Egypt, and twenty-three
late John Gliddon, U. S. Consul for Egypt. 1. Ancient
years a resident of the Valley of the Nile, was a son of the
Egypt: her Monuments, Hieroglyphics, History, and Ar-
chæology, and other Subjects connected with Hieroglyphic
Literature; 12th ed., Lon. and Phila., 1850, 4to; new ed.,
Lon., 1853, imp. Svo. This work has elicited commenda-
tion from many quarters. 18,000 copies were circulated ir
America in less than three years. Mr. Gliddon's Lectures
upon the subjects discussed in this work have been attended
by large audiences in various parts of the United States.
A notice of Gliddon's Egypt, by Rev. A. B. Chapin, will be
found in the Amer. Bib. Rep., 2d S., x. 134. 2. Appeal to
the Antiquaries of Europe on the Destruction of the Mo-
numents of Egypt, 1841, 8vo.
“Mr.Gliddon, in this cleverly-written publication, brings forward
matter of very great importance to all who admire antiquity, or
who are interested in history. IIe appeals to the Antiquaries of
Europe on behalf of the Monuments of Egypt. If they do not
step forward for the preservation of Egyptian Monuments, in a
very few years travellers may save themselves the trouble of a
journey beyond the precincts of the British and Continental Mu-
seums. We heartily recommend his work to the public."—Lon.
City Chronicle.
3. Discourses on Egyptian Archæology, Lon., 8vo.
4. A Memoir on the Cotton of Egypt, 1841, Svo.
"This Memoir was drawn up at the suggestion of the Hon. Levi
Woodbury, late Secretary to the Treasury of the United States, at
Cairo. Here are, in a very few pages, a complete treatise on the
History and Manufacture of Cotton in Egypt, and of the dreadful
system under which the wretched Fellàh is compelled to produce
it. They who feel alarmed at the apparition of a blue-book, and
its crowded folio of details, will find a useful analysis, as well as
an original essay of great value, in Mr. Gliddon's Memoir."-Lon.
Allas.
5. Otia Egyptiaca, 1849, Sva Mr. Gliddon also trans.
Henry Venel's Chronos, and pub., Phila., 1854, 4to, in con-
junction with J. C. Nott, M.D., of Mobile, The Types of
Mankind; or, Ethnological Researches, &c., consisting in
part of inedited papers of Saml. George Morton, M.D.,
and contributions from Prof. L. Agassiz, LL.D., W. Usher,
M.D., and Prof. H. S. Patterson, M.D. The remainder of
the work is by Dr. Nott and Mr. Gliddon.
"Whether this monument will turn out to be 'ære perennius,'
or whether it will crumble to pieces under the somewhat severe
weathering which it will most assuredly receive from European
Ethnologists, is more than we will venture to prophesy. In any
case, the Types of Mankind appears to us to be by far the most
elaborate efficient brief which has yet been drawn up for the use
of those who plead on the side of the original diversity of human
races. Its writers are, at any rate, thorough-paced, and shrink
before none of the consequences of their own logic.”— Westminster
Review, July, 1854, 131-134.
A Notice of the Types of Mankind, by John Bachman,
679
GLI
GLO
D.1)., of Charleston, S. C., was pub. in that city, in 1854-
55; and the work has been reviewed in several other
quarters.
ba
6
…….
It [Dr Bachman's Notice] is in tone dignified, gentlemanly.
and at the same time excoriating. . . . The shallowness and posi-
tive ignorance of Nott, and the empty pretence of Gliddon, are
shown up, and these men are left without much to boast of.
Agassiz does not, with his basty and crude conclusions. figure to
much advantage, and we are sorry to say, that by an inevitable
necessity, the reputation of Morton is damaged. Where are
the Types of Mankind' now? Sinking lower and lower. The
Presbyterian Quarterly Review for September [1854] contains an
able and searching review of the Types of Mankind.' recently
ushered to the world by Messrs. Gliddon and Nott. It is at once
instructive and amusing to see these gentlemen under the dis-
secting-knife of a scholar, who not only exposes the malignity of
their shallow science, but their utter unfitness in point of scholar-
ship to dabble in the original languages of the Scriptures. Mr.
Gliddon, especially, pretends to a critical acquaintance with the
Hebrew text, and his pretension might have passed current had
he not ventured on proofs of his critical acumen; but alas for
him! he has written a book which has enabled his learned readers
to detect bis miserable shallowness. . . . Our own estimate of the
Types of Mankind' has already been laid before our readers. A
further examination of the book has only tended to confirm our
first impressions. As a work of science it is worthless; full of pre-
tension, and yet full of ignorance and contradiction."-LYMAN |
COLEMAN, D.D.: Phila. Presbyterian.
C
••
"It did not take long to satisfy ourselves that Mr. Gliddon's
exposition of Genesis xi., being a compilation without complete
exposition of Genesis xi.. being a compilation without complete
ness, or any method whatever,
no
claim to be regarded as a literary work It is not to our taste or
inclination to rest content with condemning Mr. Gliddon's lucu-
brations in general terms. To express our sense of their character.
we can find no epithets which have not lost their force from his
profuse misapplication of them. Our duty requires us to enter
into particulars to refute bis arguments, if such his assertions
may be called, from A to Z, as he is mistaken all through. It is
a humiliating task, to be sure, to refute a work, which, to every
Hebraist, carries its own refutation ou the face of every page."-
Boston Chris. Examiner.
Rt. Rev. Dr. Alonzo Potter, Bishop of the Episcopal
Church in the diocese of Pennsylvania, remarks, with re-
ference to the flippant sneers which some controversialists
obtrude into discussions upon the truth of the Scriptures:
We must confess, however, that we have never. in the whole
extent of our reading, met any thing which, in this respect, is so
offensive to good taste and to the first principles of Inductive
Philosophy, as the elaborate work recently given to the world
under the title of Types of Mankind. Written under the influ-
ence of avowed prejudices against certain races of men, and de
scending to the use of caricature in order to bring them into dis-
repute, it stops at hardly any thing which can cast reproach on
Scripture. No jests are too coarse, no revilings too bitter or con-
temptuous, no special pleading too perverse. It is mournful to
find that such names as those of Morton and Agassiz are destined
to go down to posterity associated with such unseemly exhi
bitions of spite and intolerance. A cenotaph to Morton, one of
the calmest and most dignified philosophers that any age or
country has seen, should be stained by no scurrility, defamed by
no violence. It is an insult to his memory to suppose that he
could have desired his unpublished writings to be given to the
world, in close, connection with an attack on the Bible the ma-
levolence of which is only equalled by its impotence."-Introduc
tion to Lectures on the Evidences of Christianity, delivered in Phila..
1853-54, Phila., 1855. Svo.
See Historical Magazine, (New York.) Jan. 1858, 32.
Glingall, Richard Butler, Earl of, 1794–1858,
an Irish peer, author of the Irish Tutor, a Farce; The
Follies of Fashion, a Comedy; and other dramatic works
of some merit. At one time, he wrote largely for the Age
and other Conservative London journals.
"This worthy doctor, to whose learned lucubrations and deep dis
quisitions in physic not only Great Britain, but remoter kingdoms,
owe a particular respect and veneration.”— Wood's Fasti Oxon.
|
2. Anatomia Hepatis, &c., 1654, 8vo; Amst., 1659. Svo;
1669, fol.; Hague, 1681, 12mo; Genev., 1685. Also in
the Collec. of Mongeters. 3. De Naturæ Substantia Ener-
getica, &c., Lon., 1672, 4to. 4. Tractatus de Ventriculo
et Intestinis, &c., 1676, 4to; Amst., 1677, 12mo; Genev.,
1685, fol.; Lugd. Bat., 1691, 12mo. Opera Medica Ana-
tomica, 1691, 3 vols. 12mo.
See Aikin's Biog. Mem. of Med.; Birch's Hist. Roy. Soc.
Glisson, Wm., and Gulston, Ant. The Common
Law Epitomized, &c., Lon., 1679, Svo.
Gloucester, Robert of. See ROBERT OF GLOC-
CESTER.
Glover. Tracts on Trade, Lon., 1774, '75, 8vo.
Glover, Mrs. Caroline H., a daughter of Rev. Dr.
Saml. and Mrs. Caroline Gilman, was born in Charleston,
1823; married in 1840. She was left a widow in 1846,
and has since that period resided with her parents. She
is known as the author of many contributions to periodi
cals, consisting of juvenile literature, &c., under the signa
ture of Caroline Howard, Vernon Grove, N. York, 1858.
Glover, Fred. Serm., Lon., 1841, 8vo.
Glover, Henry. Serms., 1663, '64, 4to.
Glover, Phillips. Theolog. Lett. to Rev. Dr. Water
land, 1734, 8vo.
"This was formerly called common law epitomized, &c., without
a name, 1661, and it was first entitled Survey of the Law, &c..
1659 [Svo]."-Clarke's Bibl. Leg.
Glover, Richard, 1712-1785, a native of London,
and a merchant of that city, was one of the best Greek
scholars and most famous poets of his day. He was edu-
cated at the school of Cheam, in Surrey, and whilst there
wrote, in his 16th year, his poem to the memory of Sir
Isaac Newton, appended by Dr. Henry Pemberton, in
1728, to his View of Newton's Philosophy. In 1760
Glover became a member of Parliament, and for many
years enjoyed considerable political influence. 1. Leoni-
das; a Poem, Lon., 1737, 4to; 1738, 8ro.
It passed
through 4 eds. in 1737-38. 5th ed., extended from 9 to 12
books, 1770, 2 vols. 12mo. With plates, 1798, 2 vols. 8vo.
New ed., 24mo. This poem-now almost entirely aeg-
lected-which celebrates the defence of Thermopyla, was
enthusiastically applauded, both for its poetry and politics:
"The whole plan and purpose of it being to show the superi-
ority of freedom over slavery; and how much virtue, public spirit,
and the love of liberty are preferable, both in their nature and
effects, to riches, luxury, and the insolence of power."—L.RD
LYTTELTON: in Common Sense.
Glossy, Saml., M.D. Diseases, Lon., 1763, Svo.
Gloster, Arch., M.D., of St. John's, Antigua. Cure
of Tetanus and Lock Jaw, by amazing quantities of Opium.
Trans. Amer. Soc., i. 379.
2. London, or the Progress of Commerce; a Poem, Lon.,
1739, 4to. 3. Hosier's Ghost, 1739. This poem, written
to excite the nation against the Spaniards, became very
popular. It was composed whilst Glover was a visitor at
Stowe; and there is an amusing anecdote connected with
its composition, in which Lady Temple's tulips bear a
prominent part. 4. Application to Parl. rel. to Trade,
1751, Svo. 5. Boadicea; a
5. Boadicea; a Tragedy, 1758, 8vo. This
piece was performed for nine nights, but seems to have
disappointed Glover's friends. 6. Medea; a Tragedy,
1761, 4to.
Glisson, Francis, M.D., 1597-1677, President of
the London College of Physicians, was in great repute for “His Leonidas acquired extraordinary popularity in its day, and
professional learning. 1. Tractatus de Rachitide seu Morbo
appears, like the pseudo-Ossian, to have obtained a higher, or, at
Puerili Rickets Dicto, &c., Lon., 1650, '60, Svo. In Eng-least. a more lasting, reputation on the continent, than in its own
lish, by Philip Armin, 1651, Svo. By Culpepper, 1668, country; where, however, it still retains its rank as an English
12m). See BATE, GEORGE, M.D.
classic.... The Atheniad was intended as a sequel to Leonidas, and
embraces the remainder of the Persian war, from the death of
Leonidas to the battle of Platea.
Leonidas to the battle of Platea. It was the work of the author's
old age, and its defects are, in part. attributable to the circum-
stance of its not having received his finishing band. In this
latter performance, accordingly, the abilities of the author shew
developed."-Lon. Retrosp. Rev., ii. 105–133, is20.
themselves more matured, and his peculiar properties more fully
In 1813, Svo, was pub., from a Diary or part of a Diary,
written by Glover, Memoirs of a distinguished Lit. and
Polit. Character, from 1742-57, &c.; and in 1815 appeared
an Inquiry, &c. rel. to these Memoirs, designed to prove
that Glover was the author of the Letters of Junius. To
these publications we shall refer in our article on JUNIUS.
A writer in the Edin. Rev. remarks:
"Written on the Greek model, and therefore unfit for the mo-
dern stage."
7. Jason; a Tragedy, 1799, 8vo. Never acted, and, the
Biog. Dramat. says, never pub.
"As it required scenery of the most expensive kind, it never
was exhibited.”—Bing. Dramat.
S. The Atheniad; a Poem, 1787, 3 vols. 12mo. This is
a continuation of Leonidas.
The Atheniad ought always to accompany the Leonidas. Mr.
Chalmers censures it, because, he says, the events of history are
so closely followed as to give the whole the air of a poetical chro-
nicle. To this opinion we may oppose the fact of having ourselves
repeatedly perused it in early youth, for the interest which the
story continually excited. Glover endeavoured to imitate the
ancients, but wanted strength to support the severe style which
he had chosen. Ile has, however, many and great merits; this
especially among others. that instead of treading in the sheep-
track wherein the writers of modern epics, till his time, servum
pecus, had gone one after the other be framed the stories of both
his poems according to their subject, without reference to any
model, or any rule but that of propriety and good sense."-Lon.
Quar. Rev., xi. 498, 499.
··
The sole value of the Memoirs of this vulgar, bustling, self-
important politician, consists in the particulars he has given of
some private deliberations of opposition to which he was admitted.
But see this same periodical, xxii. 475-484.
“A portion of this history has lately been made public, and it is
such unimportant times.... We should rejoice if this inquiry
as interesting as any thing can be which relates to the politics of
see ante] should bring forth more of his remaius, and lead to a
679
GLO
GOD
collected edition of the works of an author who, though too highly
extolled in his own day, must ever hold a respectable rank among
the English poets.”—Lon. Quar. Rev., xi. 498, 499.
See Johnson and Chalmers's Eng. Poets, 1810: Chal-
mers's Biog. Dict.; art. in Lon. Gent. Mag., by Dr. Brock-
lesby.
Glover, Robert, 1543-1588, a native of Ashford,
Kent, was first made Portcullis Pursuivant, and in 1571
Somerset Herald. 1. De Nobilitate politica vel civili.
Dub. by his nephew, Thos. Milles, Lon., 1608, fol. 2. A
Catalogue of Honour, 1610, fol. This refers to the Eug-
lish nobility. It was also pub. by T. Milles.
44
Being the first work in that kind, he therein traced untrodden
paths; and therefore no wonder if such who since succeeded him
in that subject have found a nearer way, and exceed him in accu-
rateness therein.”—Fuller's Warthics of Kent.
Edmondson's Complete Body of Heraldry (vol. i.) con-
tains Glover's Ordinary of Arms, augmented and improved.
He wrote an answer, never pub., to the Bishop of Ross's
book, asserting Mary Queen of Scots' claim to the crown,
assisted Camden in his pedigrees for the Britannia, and
engaged in other literary labours. See Noble's Coll. of
See Noble's Coll. of
Arms; Gent. Mag., Ixiii. 311; Fuller's Worthies.
Glover, Thomas, Surgeon. Acct. of Virginia; Phil.
Trans., 1676. Mr. G. gives an account of "a most prodi-
gious creature," balf fish and half man, which appeared
to him in the water of the Rappahannock. Whether this
occurred before or after dinner, we are unable to state.
Glover, Serjt. W. Practical Treat. on the Law of
Municipal Corporations, Lon., 1841, 8vo. This treatise is
preceded by a Historical Summary of the ancient and mo-
dern Corporate System, &c.
Glover, Wm. Serm. on James iv. 1.
Glyn, Thomas C., and Robert S. Jameson. Rep.
Cases in Bankruptcy, 1820-28, Lon., 1824-28, 2 vols, r. Svo.
Glynn, John. Proceedings on the King's Commission
of the Peace. &c., Lon., 1775, 4to.
Glynn, Robert, M.D., d. 1800, a native of Cambridge,
Fellow of Queen's Coll. The Day of Judgment, a Poetical
Essay, Lon., 1757, 4to. This obtained the Seatonian prize
in 1757.
Tho' the Author, in his Exordium, modestly disclaims any
poetical power, many parts of the sequel, and. indeed, the poem
taken altogether, will dispose his Readers to dissent agreeably
from his self-diffidence."-Lon. Month. Rev., Nov. 1757.
Goad, Christopher, Fellow of King's Coll., Camb.
Refreshing Drops and Scorching Vials, Lon., 1653, 4to.
New ed., 1827, 12mo.
"When on bis Sermons we but cast our eye
And in so plain a dress such beauty spy,
A native splendour, which not tinctured is
With skill or art, we can experience this:
That treasures in an earthen vessel lie,
And we a burning, shining light desery
In camel's hair attired."
|
Goad, Johu, 1615-1689, an eminent classical teacher
and divine, a native of London, Vicar of St. Giles, Oxf.,
1643; of Yarnton, 1646; head-master of Merchant Taylors'
school for nearly twenty years. 1. Serm., 1663, 4to.
2. Serm., 1664, 4to. 3. Genealogicon Latinum, 2d ed.,
1676, 8vo. 4. Astro-Meteorologia, 1686, fol. Founded
on thirty years' experience. 5. Auto-didactica, 1690, Svo.
6. Astro-Meteorologia sana, 1690, 4to.
“A learned and religious person.”—Athen, Ozon.
"Goodness inspire me, while I write of one,
Who was all goodness; but alas! he's gone."
James Wright, ubi supra.
Goad, Thomas, D.D., d. 1638. God's Decrees, 1661.
Goadby, Henry, M.D. A Text-Book of Vegetable
and Animal Physiology, N.Y., 1858, 8vo. See N. Amer.
N.Y., 1858, 8vo. See N. Amer.
Rev., Oct. 1838, (by A. P. Peabody, D.D.)
Goadby, J. Observ. on the Art of War, 1809.
Goadby, Robert, d. 1778, a printer of Sherborne,
Dorsetshire, was author of The Universe Displayed, The
Life of Bamfylde Moore Carew, The King of the Beggars,
&c., and edited An Illustration of the Holy Scriptures, by
Notes and Explications, &c., Sherborne, 1759-64, 3 vols.
fol.; frequently reprinted. 10th ed. of the N. Test., 8.
.,
sed circa 1800, fol.
"It contains many judicious notes: ... but, while it seems to be
orthodox, is written entirely on the Arian hypothesis."-DR. A.
CLARKE.
Godbold, N. Consumption, 1784, '87, Svo.
Godbolt, John, Justice. Rep. Cases in the Cts. of
Record, 1575-1638. Ed. by Wm. Hughes, Lon., 1652, 4to
Godbolt, Goldsborough, and March, mean reporters, but not te
be rejected.”—North's Stu, Law, 24.
..
"The false and erroneous interpretations contained in this work
were forcibly and ably exposed by the Rev. Walter Sellon. in his
Remarks upon certain passages in a work entitled an Illustration
of the Holy Scriptures. London, 1765, 12mo.”—Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Gobat, Rt. Rev. Samuel, D.D., Bishop of the
Church of England in Jerusalem. Jour. of a Three Years'
Jour. of a Three Years'
Residence in Abyssinia; with a brief Hist. of the Ch. in
Abyss., by the Rev. Saml. Lee, D.D., 2d ed., Lon., 1847, 8vo.
God, John. A Discourse of the great Crueltie of a
Widow, &c., set forth in English Verse, 16mo
Goddam, or Voddam, Adam, an Englishman.
Super iv. libros Sententiarum, Par., ap. J. Barbier, 1512. fol.
Goddard, Austin Parke, Knight of the Military
Order of St. Stephen. The Hist. of Italy, 1490-1532. In
20 books. From the Italian of Guicciardini, Lon., 1755-
59, 10 vols. 8vo. See FENTON, SIR GEOFFREY. For an
account of the edits. of Guicciardini's Hist. of Italy, see
Disraeli's Curiosities of Lit.: Roscoe's Leo the Tenth;
Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Brunet's Man., &c. This is supposed
to be one of the works studied by Shakspeare. Guicciar-
dini is high authority:
**
M
The historical writings of Guicciardini have not only entitled
Italy, but have placed him at least on a level with those of any
their author to the indisputable precedence of all the historians of
age or of any country."-Roscoe's Life of Leo the Tenth,
We have finished the twentieth and last book of Guicciardini's
history; the most authentick I believe (may I add, I fear) that
ever was composed. I believe it, because the historian was an
actor in his terrible drama, and personally knew the principal per
formers in it; and I fear it, because it exhibits the woful picture of
society in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries."-SIR WM. JONES.
"This work is unquestionably, in respect to the importance and
authenticity of its matter, the most valuable part of the annals
of Italy that has ever been written.”—MILLS.
"I should not scruple to prefer Guicciardini to Thucydides in
every respect."-LORD BOLINGBROKE.
"This historian represents man in his darkest colours. Their
drama is terrific. The actors are monsters of perfidy. of inhu-
manity, and inventors of crimes which seem to want a name.
They were all princes of darkness, and that age seemed to afford a
triumph to Manicheism. The worst passions were called in by all
"The predominating love of narrative, mere especially when the
exploits of a favourite nation were the subject, rendered this book
very popular; and it came recommended to the public by a title
page which promised almost the entertainment of a romance.”—
Goddard, Charles, D.D., Archdeacon and Preb. of
Lincoln. 1. Serm., Lon., 1822, Svo. 2. Eight Serms. at
Charges, 1838, sm. 4to.
Bampton Lect., 1823, Oxf., 1824, Svo.
Charges, 1838, sm. 4to.
3. Serms. and
Goddard, James.
Case between the Managers of
the Royal Family Privateers, &c., Lon., 1756.
Goddard, Jonathan, M.D., 1617-1674, a physician,
chemist, botanist, and promoter of the Royal Society.
1. Observ. conc. a Tree, Lon., 1664, fol. 2. The Fruit
Trees' Secrets, 1664, 4to. 3. Discourse on Physic, 1669,
'70, '78, 4to. 4. Chemical, &c. con. to Phil. Trans., 1676.
His recipes, Arcana Goddardiana, were pub. at the end of
the Pharmacopoeia Bateana, 1691. His memory was long
preserved among doctors and patients by the Goddard
Drops. Bishop Ward says that Goddard was the first
Englishman who made the telescope. The following note
will please the bibliomaniac:
"He was master of a most curious library of books, well and
richly bound.”—Alhen. Ozon,
Goddard, Paul B., M.D., an eminent physician of
Philadelphia, b. Jan. 26, 1811, in Baltimore. 1. On the
Arteries, 12 plates, Phila., 4to. 2. On the Nerves, 12 plates,
4to. 3. The Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology of the
Human Teeth, with the most approved Methods of Treat-
ment. Aided in the practical part by Joseph E. Parker,
Dentist; 30 plates, 1844, 4to; 1849; N. York, 1854, 4to. 4.
A System of Human Anatomy, General and Special, by
Erasmus Wilson, M.D. Edited by P. B. G. 4th Amer.
from the last Lon. ed., Svo; nearly 600 pp., with 250 illust.
5. The Dissector; or, Prac. and Surg. Anatomy, by Eras-
mus Wilson, M.D. Modified and rearranged by P. B. G.;
2d ed., improved, large 12mo, pp. 440, with over 100 wood-
cuts. 6. Practical Treatise on Midwifery, by F. J. Moreau.
Ed. by P. B. G.; 80 plates, Phila., 1844, 8vo. 7. Illustra-
by P. B. G., 1851, Svo. 8. The Iconographic portion of
tions of Syphilitic Disease, by Philip Ricord, 50 plates. Ed.
Rayer on the Skin, 1845. 9. Ashwell on Diseases of Fe-
males.
-DR. A. | males. Ed. by P. B. G., 1850, Svo.
|
Goddard, Peter Stephen, D.D., d. 1781, Preb. of
Peterborough, and of St. Paul's; Fellow of Clare Hall,
Camb., 1727; Master, 1762. His popularity as a preacher
was so great that he was known as "The Young Tillotson."
1. Serm., 1746, Svo. 2. Serm., 1759, Svo. 3. Serm., 1759
4. Serm., 1759. 5. Serm., 1769, 4to. 6. Serms., 1781, 8vo.
Goddard, Philip, of Bencham. Serm., 1714, 8vo.
Goddard, Thomas. Miscellanea, Lon., 1661, 4to.
Goddard, Thomas. Plato's Demon, Lon., 165H
Svo. This is an answer to Plato's Redivivus.
See Biog. Brit.; Ward's Gresham Prof.; Birch's Hist.
of the Roy. Soc.
CSU
GOD
GOD
Goddard, Thomas, Canon of Windsor. 1-4. Occas.
Serms., 1703-10. 5. Six Serms., 1715. 6, 7. Letters,
1710, &c.
Goddard, Thomas, Rector of Swell, Somersetshire.
Reformation of the Liturgy; a Serm. on Jno. xvii. 3, 1772,
8vo.
Goddard, Wm. 1. A Neaste of Waspes, Dort, 1615,
4to. 2. Dogs from the Antipodes, in 41 Satyrs, 4to. 3. A
Mastif. Whelp. This consists of 126 Satyrs. Boswell, 975,
£9 98. 4. A Satyricall Dialogue; or, a sharplye inuectiue
Conference betweene Alexander the great and that trulye
Woman-hater Diogynes. Imprinted in the Lowe Countryes
for all such Gentlewomen as are not altogether idle nor yet
well occupyed, 4to. In this work the ungallant author has
the temerity to attack the gentler sex. It is not unlikely
that he was a captious old bachelor, who deserved to re-
main so.
Goddard, Wm., d. 1817, at Providence, R. I., in his
78th year, was connected with the newspaper press in
various parts of the United States. In 1762 he commenced
the Providence, R. Island, Gazette; in 1767 he established
the Pennsylvania Chronicle, Phila.; in 1773 he commenced
the Maryland Journal at Baltimore, which he relinquished
in 1792, and subsequently resided in Rhode Island. He was
at one time connected with the publication of Parker's
Journal in New York. An interesting account of Goddard
will be found in Thomas's Hist. of Printing. His claim to
a place in our volume is founded on the fact of his having
pub. a Hist. of the Penn. Chronicle, 1770. He married a
Miss Angell, of Providence, and the name of the lady sug-
gested to a friend of the groom the bon mot that Goddard
had taken an angel for his wife." It would appear,
therefore, that wit is not entirely a recent invention.
Whether Mr. Goddard's facetious friend deserved the com-
mendation of Barrow-
It seemeth to argue a rare quickness of parts. that one can
fetch in remote conceits applicable: a notable skill, that he can
dexterously accommodate them to the purpose before him"—
we shall not stop to inquire.
Goddard, Wm. Giles, d. at Providence, R. I., 1846,
aged 52, son of the preceding, was in 1825 appointed Prof.
of Moral Philos. and Metaphysics in Brown University;
the title of the Professorship was in 1834 changed to that
of Belles-Lettres. Prof. G. resigned his post, in consequence
of ill health, in 1842. He pub. an Address before the Phi
Beta Kappa Society of Brown University, on The Value
of Liberal Studies; a Sketch of the first president, Man-
ning; an Address on the death of Win. Henry Harrison,
Pres. U. States; and a Discourse on the Change of the
Civil Govt. of R. Island in 1843. From 1814 to 1825 he
From 1814 to 1825 he
was proprietor and editor of The Rhode Island American,
a paper pub. at Providence.
Goddard, Wm. Stanley, D.D., 1757-1845, Rector
of Repton, Derby. 1. Serm. on the Visit. of the Bishop,
Winches., 1811, 8vo. 2. Serm. at the Consec. of Bp. How-
ley, Lon., 1814, 4to.
Godden, Thos., D.D., Preb.-in-Ordinary to her Ma-
jesty. 1. Serms., 1686. 2. Serms., 1686, 4to. See Cath.
Serms., 1741.
Godet, Gylles. Genealogie of the Kinges of England,
1560-62, fol. Kings from Brute to Elizabeth.
6
Of this very rare and curious book no other copy is known,
but that at Althorp.”—Bibl. Grenvill., q. v.
See also Herbert's Ames, 1314, and Dibdin's des Al-
thorpianæ, i. 180-184.
Norman writers of Latin verse; in such of his works as are now
extant, he rises more successfully than any other poet of his own
or the succeeding age above the barbarisms of medieval style. and
in some of his epigrams he approaches nearly to the purity of
Martial, who was his model."-Biog. Brit. Lit.
Godfrey, Amb. and John. Elements of Water,
Lon., 1747, 4to.
Godfrey, Boyly. 1. Fires, 1724. 2. Experiments,
1757.
Godfrey, C. B. Treat. on V. Disease, 1797, Svo.
Godfrey, Capt. John. Back-sword, 1747, 4to.
Godfrey, Michael, d. 1695. A Short Account of the
A Short Account of the
intended Bank of England, Lon., 1694, 4to.
This tract was written by Michael Godfrey, Esq., first Deputy-
Governor of the Bank, and one of the most active coadjutors of
Paterson in its formation.”—McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.
An interesting account of the runer in which Godfrey
came to his death-at the siege of Namur, in 1695, whilst
on an official visit to King William-will be found in T. B.
Macaulay's Hist. of England, vol. iv., just pub. The un-
fortunate Deputy-Governor was a brother of Sir Edmonds-
bury Godfrey,
"Whose sad mysterious death had, fifteen years before, produced
a terrible outbreak of popular feeling. Michael was one of the
ablest, most upright. and most opulent of the merchant princes
of London. He was, as might have been expected from his neat
connection with the martyr of the Protestant faith. a zealous Whig.
Some of his writings are still extant, and prove him to have had a
strong and clear mind.”—MACAULAY. ubi supra.
Godfrey, Robert. Physic, Lon., 1673, '74, 8vo.
Godfrey, Robert. Serm. on Acts ii. 47.
Godfrey, Samuel. Bills of Exchange, 1791, 8vo.
Godfrey, Thomas. A Rich Storehouse; or. Trea-
sury for the Sicke full of Christian Counsailes and Godly
Meditation, 1758, Svo.
10
Godfrey, Thomas, 1736-1763, a son of the inventor
of "Hadley's Quadrant," was a native of Philadelphia,
where for some time he was apprentice to a watchmaker.
In 1758 he was made lieutenant in the Pennsylvania troops
raised for the expedition against Fort Du Quesze. He was
subsequently employed as a factor in North Carolina, and
also as a supercargo in a voyage to the island of New Pro-
vidence. His tragedy of The Prince of Parthia, which
was offered to a company performing in Phila. in 1759, is
supposed to be the first dramatic work written in America.
The Court of Fancy, a Poem, Phila., 1763, 4to, was evi-
dently written with an eye to Chaucer's House of Fame.
A vol. of his Poems-many of which had already appeared
in the American Mag.—was pub. by Godfrey's friend, N.
Evans, in 1767, 4to. pp. 224.
Godfridus. 1. The Book of Knowledge of Things
Unknown, Svo. 2. The same, with the Husbandman's
Practice and the Shepherd's Prognostication, 1688, Svo.
The prognostications of the weather from astrological observa-
tions do not now attract any notice, and this book does not con-
tain any practical matter."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
•
Godman, John D., 1794–1830, a native of Annapolis,
Maryland, was in his youth employed first as a printer,
and subsequently as a sailor in the navy. In 1815 he
commenced the study of medicine, and attained a high
rank in his profession, especially in the department of
anatomy. He was also distinguished for his knowledge
of natural history and the ancient and modern languages.
After receiving his medical degree, he practised for some
time in Philadelphia and other places, and in 1821 was
appointed Prof. of Anatomy in the Medical College of Cin-
cinnati. In 1822 he removed to Phila., and four years
later accepted a call to the Professorship of Anatomy in
Rutgers Medical College, New York. Obliged by failing
Godfrey of Winchester, d. 1107, prior of St.
Swithin's at Winchester, was the author of a number of
Epistles, epigrams, verses, &c. The two last-named, all
that are known to exist, are preserved in a MS. in the Cot-health to embark on a voyage to the West Indies, where
tonian Library, and in two MSS. in the Bodleian Library. he remained for a winter, he settled, on his return, at Ger-
See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., and authorities there cited.
mantown, Penna., where he died of consumption, April
"Godfrey of Winchester was the first and best of the Anglo- 17, 1830.
•
Godkin, James, formerly a R. Catholic. 1. Apos-
tolic Christianity; or, Antidote against Romanism and
Puseyism, Lon., 1842, Svo. 2. Touchstone of Orthodoxy,
1842, 12mo. 3. Guide to the Church of Christ; 3d ed.,
1846, Svo.
Godley, John Robert. Letters from Canada and
the United States, Lon., 1844, 2 vols. p. Sro.
"The production of a sensible and enlightened traveller, who is
evidently concerned to do justice to the people whom he describes,
and to furnish useful information."-Lom. Eclectic Rev.
·
For the impartiality which he everywhere exhibits, he deserves
all the credit that he claims. Here, then, is at least one English
book of which the Americans cannot reasonably complain."-Lon.
Athenæum.
The farming or emigration prospects and practicabilities of
Canada are what most deeply interest English readers; and they
being well considered and judicious."-Tuit's Edin. Mag.
will find here a good deal of information that bears every mark of
In addition to his work on American Natural History,
Dr. Godman's principal works are—Anatomical Investi-
gations; American Natural History, commenced in 1823
and completed in 1828, pub. in 3 vols. Svo; Acct. of some
Irregularities of Structure and Morbid Anatomy; Rambles
of a Naturalist; an edit. of Bell's Anatomy, with Notes;
Trans. of Levasseur's Acet. of La Fayette's Progress
through the United States. He pub. many Addresses,
delivered on various public
various public occasions, contributed a
number of articles to the American Quarterly Review
and other periodicals, and wrote the articles in the Encyc.
Americana to end of the letter C. He established the
Western Quarterly Reporter, projected by Dr. Drake, and
for some time assisted in Dr. Chapman's Medical Journal,
pub. in Philadelphia.
For further particulars we must refer the reader to the
651
GOD
GOD'
**
Memoir of Dr. Godman, by Thos. Sewall, M.D., Prof. of
Anatomy and Physiology in the Columbian College,
Washington, D. C., 1830; and a Review, by Dr. Lindsley,
of this Memoir, in the N. Amer. Rev., xl. 87–99. Of God-
man's American Natural History the reviewer remarks:
We do not intend to claim for this work very great merit. In
such an enterprise, not to have failed is sufficient glory-especially
when undertaken amidst such a multiplicity of other engage
ments. . . . But notwithstanding all the disadvantages under
which Dr. Godman laboured-notwithstanding the paucity of ma
terials at his command from which to select, and the limited
period he allotted to himself to prepare and arrange such as he
could procure, he has produced a work which will confer honour
on his industry, judgment and talents, and which is undoubt-
edly superior to any previous publication on the same subject...
We consider Dr. Godman, in some respects. among the most extra-
ordinary men that have adorned the medical profession of our
country."
Dr. Sewall's Memoir of Dr. Godman has been pub. as a
tract by the American Tract Society, and has also been
appended to the Amer. ed. of Newman Hall's Narrative
of the Closing Scenes of the Life of Dr. Wm. Gordon.
See GORDON, WM., M.D. Both of these distinguished
physicians were zealous professors of the Christian faith,
and died rejoicing in its consolations.
"I have known clearness of judgment and largeness of fancy,
strength of reason and graceful elocution; a courage for the war,
and a fear for the laws; and all eminently in one man; and that
was my most noble and honour'd friend Mr. Sydn. Godolphin," &c.
-Hobbes's Leviathan.
**
Sydn. Godolphin, who deserved all clogy that he gives of
him," &c.-EARL OF CLARENDON: Brief View and Survey of Hobbes's
Leviathan.
“Thou'rt dead. Godolphin, who lov'dst reason true,
Justice and peace; soldier belov'd, adieu!"-HOBBES.
See an interesting account of Godolphin in Athen. Oxon.
Godschall, Wm. M. Plan of Police, Lon., 1787, 8vo.
Godskall, James. Medicine, Lon., 1604, 8vo.
Godson, Richard, M.P. Law of Patents for Inven-
tions and of Copyright, 2d ed., Lon., 1840, 8vo. Supp.,
1844. New supp., by Peter Burke, 1851, Svo.
"The author was the first English writer to publish a methodi-
cal treatise upon this comparatively new department of the law.
He has given a general and accurate analysis of the Cases, and
presented the whole learning upon a subject no less difficult than
important, in a very attractive manner."-Marvin's Leg. Bibl.
See Pref. Phil. Pat.
last was rewarded by King James with the bishopric of
Hereford. 3. Annales Rerum Anglicarum Henrico VIII.,
Edward VI., et Maria Regnantibus, 1616, fol.; 1628, 4to.
Trans. by his son, Morgan Godwin, and pub. as Annals of
England, &c., 1630, 76, fol. 4. Nuncius Inanimatus, (or
the Inanimate Messenger,) 1629, 8vo; 1657. Trans. by
Dr. Thos. Smith, and pub. with The Man in the Moon.
This is supposed to have given rise to Bp. Wilkins's Mer-
cury, or Secret and Swift Messenger. Godwin hints at an
art by which messages may be conveyed many miles with
'incredible swiftness. 5. Value of the Roman Sesterce, and
Attic Talent, 1630. 6. The Man in the Moon; or, a Dis-
course of a Voyage thither by Domingo Gonzales, written
between 1599 and 1603, [sce No. 4,] Perth, 1638, Svo.
Several eds.
Godman, Wm. Serm. on Eccles. x. 17, 1660, 4to.
Godolphin, John, 1617-1678, an eminent civilian,
a native of Godolphin, in the island of Scilly, was edu-
cated at Gloucester Hall, Oxf.; was constituted Judge of
the Admiralty in 1653, and after the Restoration made
King's Advocate. 1. The Holy Limbec, 1650, fol. 2. The
Holy Harbour; a Body of Divinity, 1651, fol. From these
treatises he is ranked among the Puritan writers. 3. Ad-
miralty Jurisdiction, 1661, 8vo; 2d ed., with addits., 1685.
The same, under the title of Laws. Ordinances, &c. of the
Admiralty, 1766-67, 2 vols. Svo. See 3 Mason's Rep. 245.
4. The Orphan's Legacy; a Testamentary Abridgt., Lon.,
1674, '77, '85, 1701, 4to. 5. Repertorium Canonicum; or,
An Abridgt. of the Eccles. Laws, 1678, 'SO, '87, 4to.
"Esteemed a learned man, and as well read in divinity as in
his own faculty, as may be seen in the books following of his
writing. [see Nos. 1 and 2.]”—Athen, Oxon.
Godwin, George. Facts and Fancies; a Collection
of Tales and Sketches, Lon., 1844, p. Svo.
Godolphin, Sydney, 1610-1643, a poet, a native of
Cornwall, educated at Exeter Coll., Oxf., fought in the
"A pleasant volume of light reading. Those who are weary of
King's army during the Rebellion, and was slain at Chag-every-day facts and the conventional fictions of real life, may find
ford, Devonshire. He wrote several original poems, and relief and amusement in the Facts and Fancies of Mr. Godwin.”.
trans. the Lives of Dido and Eneas from Virgil, 1358, Svo.
Westminster Review.
Other works.
For the writing of which Q. Elizabeth immediately preferr'd
him to the bishoprick of Llandaff."-Athen. Oxon.
Wood refers to Godwin's first ed., 1601, 4to. See Athen.
Oxon. for an account of the subsequent improvements, and
for titles and particulars, of Godwin's other works. It is a
curious fact that the first ed. of his catalogue caused Queen
Elizabeth to give him the bishopric of Llandaff, and the
It was translated in French, and became the model of Cyrano
de Bergerac, as he was of Swift. Godwin himself had no prototype,
as far as I know, but Lucian. He resembles those writers in the
natural and veracious tone of his lies. The fiction is rather inge
nious and amusing throughout; but the most remarkable part is
the happy conjectures, if we must say no more, of his philosophy.
Not only does the writer declare positively for the Copernican sys-
tem, which was uncommon at that time, but he has surprisingly
understood the principle of gravitation, it being distinctly supposed
that the earth's attraction diminishes with the distance."-Hul
lam's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
"A clear, comprehensive and useful work.”—McCulloch's Lit. of
Polit. Econ.
Godson, Robert. Astrologia Reformata; or, A Re-
form. of the Prognostical part of Astrol., Lon.,1696, '97, Svo.
Godwin, Edward. Serms., 1721-29, all 8vo.
Godwin, Francis, D.D., 1561-1633, a native of Hav- |
ington, Northamptonshire, was a son of Thos. Godwin,
Bishop of Bath and Wells. He was educated at Christ
Church, Oxf., and became Rector of Samford, Orcaius,
Preb. of Wilt and Sub-dean of Exeter; Bishop of Llan-
daff, 1601; trans. to Hereford, 1617. 1. Concio Lat. in
Luc. v. 3, 1601, 4to. 2. Cat. of the Bishops of England;
from the first, with their lives and actions, Lon., 1601, 4to.
With addits., 1615, 4to. In Latin, 1616, 4to, entitled De
In Latin, 1616, 4to, entitled De
Præsulibus Angliæ Commentarius, &c.; Appendix, &c. 2,
sheets in 4to, 1821-22. With a Contin. by Dr. Richard-
son, 1743, fol.
66
•
Collections, vol. ii. 329, 1706.
7. Life and Reign of Q. Mary of England. See Kennet's
<<
A person also he was so celebrated by many in his time, whether
at home or beyond the seas, that his memory cannot otherwise but
be precious in succeeding ages. for his indefatigable pains and travel
in collecting the succession of all the bishops of England and Wales,
since the first planting of the gospel among the Christians not pre-
termitting such of the British church, or any that have been re-
membered by the care and diligence of preceding writers, or bad
been kept in memory in any old monument or record."-Athen.
Oxon.
(i
The church of Llandaff was much beholding to him; yea, the
whole church of England; yea, the whole church militant; yea,
many now in the church triumphant had had their memories
utterly lost on earth. if not preserved by his painful endeavours
in his Catalogue of English Bishops."-Fuller's Worthies of North-
amptonshire.
Godwin, Mary Wollstonecraft, 1759-1797, a na-
tive of London or its vicinity, was the daughter of a person
who was alternately a tradesman and a farmer, without
much profit from either occupation. There seems to have
been an entire absence of all proper discipline in the house-
hold of this vacillating individual, and to this fact is doubt-
less to be imputed the beginning of many faults exbibited
in Mary's wayward career. After residing for some time
as a companion to a lady at Bath, in 1783, assisted by her
two sisters and a friend, she established a day-school at
Islington; but in a few months removed her seminary to
Newington Green.
A trip to Lisbon interrupted her professional duties, and on
her return she abandoned the school, and accepted the situa-
tion of a governess in the family of Lord Kingsborough,
where she remained until 1787. In 1786 she pub. Thoughts
on the Education of Daughters, which was followed by
Mary, a fiction; Original Stories from Real Life; the Fe-
male Reader; trans. and abridgments of Salzman's Ele-
ments of Morality, Lavater's Physiognomy, &c.; and some
articles in the Analytical Review.
articles in the Analytical Review. In 1791 she acquired
considerable notoriety by the publication of her Answer
to Burke's Reflections on the French Revolution, and her
Vindication of the Rights of Women. She now mixed a
good deal in literary society, and, unaccustomed to restrain
any feeling which happened to be uppermost, cherished au
attachment for Fuseli, the artist, who was already married
and very properly discouraged the advances of his enthu-
siastic admirer. Disgusted with the world, and perhaps
with herself, Miss Wollstonecraft left England, and in 1792
we find her in France, where she formed an alliance-not
of the most irreproachable character—with Mr. Imlay, an
American. She was now perfectly satisfied, or professed
to be so: but Mr. Imlay was not: he abandoned her to
loneliness, and in her despair she made two attempts upon
her own life. An acquaintance with Mr. William Godwin,
soon to be noticed in our work, restored her to her former
equanimity; and this acquaintance—in accordance with the
lady's ideas of the Rights of Women-soon ripened into
relations of the most intimate character, but without the
usual formalities of legal sanction and priestly benediction.
| After residing together for about six months, the two
682
GOD
GOD
friends were united by marriage. Mrs. Godwin died in
September, 1797, leaving an infant daughter, who became
the wife of Percy Bysshe Shelley.
In addition to the works noticed above, Mrs. Godwin
pub. A Moral and Historical Relation of the French Revo-
Jution-one vol. only appeared;-Letters from Sweden,
Norway, and Denmark, 1796; Young Grandison; a trans.
of Necker on the Importance of Religious Opinions. After
ber death Mr. Godwin pub. her Miscellanies, Letters, and
an unfinished novel, with a Life of the author, 1798, 4 vols.
12mo, and 1 vol. 8vo.
→ Mr. Godwin wrote and published the Memoirs of Mary Woll-
stonecraft, a work disreputable to his name, as well as that of his
wife; she appears to have been grossly irreligious, indelicate, and
dissolute."-Lon. Gent. Mig., June, 1836.
Lawrence's Empire of the Nairs; or, the Rights of Wo-
man; an Utopian Romance, 1813, 4 vols. 12ino, adopts the
anti-marriage theory of Mrs. Godwin. Such speculations
would provoke ridicule, were they not too mischievous to
be laughed at.
"No woman (with the exception of the greatest woman, Madame
de Staël) has made any impression on the public mind during the
last fifty years, to be compared with Mrs. Godwin. This was per-
haps more especially true in the provinces, where her new and
startling doctrines were seized with avidity, and acted upon in
some particulars to considerable extent. particularly by married
women.... She was, I have been told by an intimate friend, very
pretty and feminine in manners and person; much attached to
those very observances she decries in her works; so that if any
gentleman did not fly to open the door as she approached it, or
take up the handkerchief she dropped, she showered on him the
full weight of reproach and displeasure: an inconsistency she
would have doubtless despised in a disciple. I have heard the
late Miss Jewsbury express an intention of so remodelling the
Rights of Women. that it would not fail to become attractive, and
she thought useful.”—Communication in Mrs. Elwood's Literary
Ladies of Eng.
"He [Coleridge] asked me if I had ever seen Mary Wollstonecraft,
and I said. I had once for a few moments. and that she seemed to
me to turn off Godwin's objection to something she advanced with
quite a playful, easy air. He replied that this was only one in-
stance of the ascendency which people of imagination exercised
over those of mere intellect. He did not rate Ġodwin high, (this
was caprice, or prejudice real or affected.) but he had a great idea
of Mrs. Wollstonecraft's powers of conversation; none at all of her
talent for book-making."-HAZLITT: My First Acquaintance with
Pocts.
Godwin, Morgan, d. 1645, Archdeacon of Shropshire,
a son of Francis Godwin, D.D., traus., as we have noticed,
his father's Annales. He was ejected by the Parliamentary
Commissioners, and his family reduced to distress.
Godwin, Morgan, son of the preceding, became a
minister of Virginia under the administration of Sir Wm.
Berkeley. 1. The Negroes' and Indians' Advocate suing
for their admission to the Church, Lon., 1680, Svo.
2. Supplet., 1681, Svo. 3. Serm. rel. to the Plantations;
on Jer. ii. 34, 1685, 4to.
Godwin, Parke, b. February 25, 1816, at Paterson,
New Jersey, is a son of General Godwin, an officer of the
war of 1812, and a grandson of a soldier of the American
Revolution. After graduating at Princeton College in 1834,
Mr. G. studied law and was admitted to practice, but found a
stronger charm in the cultivation of letters. From 1837 to
1853 he assisted his celebrated father-in-law, William C.
Bryant, in the editorial duties connected with the New York
Evening Post. In Feb. 1843, he commenced the publica-
tion of a weekly periodical entitled The Pathfinder. The
title proved to be a misnomer, for, although admitted to be
admirably conducted, it failed to find the path to public
favour, and, after a brief existence of three months and
fifteen numbers, it expired. Mr. G. has pub. Goethe's Au-
tobiography, traus. and edited; Zschokke's Tales, trans.;
a Popular View of the Doctrines of Fourier; Vala, a
Mythological Tale; Hand-Book of Universal Biography,
compiled from Maunder and other authorities; pub. as one
of the vols. of Putnam's Home Cyclopædia; Constructive
Democracy; articles in the Democratic Review: on Shel-
ley; Democracy; Edward Livingston; Jeremy Bentham;
Goethe; Free Trade; William Leggett; Political Econo-
my; Washington Irving; Downing's Landscape Garden-
ing; Carlyle's Chartism; England and China; Journalism;
The Loggerheads; Bryant's Poems; American Poetry, &c.;
also articles in Putnam's Monthly Mag. on American
Authors; The Works of American Statesmen; Our New
President; Parties and Politics; Aunexation; What im-
pression do we make abroad? The Pacific Railroad; The
Know Nothings; How they manage in Europe; Comte's
Philosophy; A Few Days in Vienna; From Venice to
Vienna; A Day on the Danube; French Almanacs; A
Letter to John Bull; The Eastern Question, &c.; and most
of the editorial notes.
Mr. Godwin has in preparation (we are glad to state) a
L
1. Ro-
work on The History of France, to which he has dev ted
many years, one on the Nineteenth Century, with its Lead-
ing Men and Movements, and a book of Travels, to be en-
titled A Winter Harvest, giving an account of interviews
with a number of French and English political reformers.
Godwin, Richard. Religious Zeal, Lon., 1780.
Godwin, Thomas, 1587–1643, a native of Somerset-
shire, entered at Magdalen Hall, Oxf., 1602; chief master
of the Free School at Abingdon, 1609; became Rector of
Brightwell, Berkshire, and resigned his school.
manæ Historiæ Anthologia; an Eng. Expos. of the Roman
Antiquities, Oxf., 1613, '23, '25, 33, 4to; Lon., 1658, '68,
'85; 16th ed., 1686, 4to; 1665, 'S6, Svo. A valuable work
in its day. 2. Moses and Aaron, or the Civil and Eccle-
siastical Rites used among the Ancient Hebrews observed
throughout the whole Scripture, Lon., 1614. 4to: Oxf.,
and at large opened for the clearing of many obscure Texts
1616, 22, 25, 28, 4to; Lon., 1655, '62, '68, '72; 12th ed.,
1685, 4to; in Latin, Ultraj., 1690, '98, Svo; Franeker, 1710,
12mo; Francf., 1716, 12mo; Lugd. Bat., 1723, '24, 8vo.
"It was also translated into Latin by Reiz, and published with
sius, who added two dissertations. one on the theocracy of Israel,
his notes in 1679. It was edited in 1694, by the celebrated Wit-
and another on the Rechabites. Hottinger published it with con-
siderable additions and improvements in 1710. Carpzov's Appa-
ratus of Ilebrew Antiquities [The most elaborate system of Jew-
learned commentary on it; and Jenning's work on Jewish Anti-
ish antiquities, perhaps, that is extant.-Horne's Bibl. Bib.") is a
quities is of the same nature. It is, on the whole, a valuable and
accurate work. There is often bound up with it a work on Roman
Antiquities, by the same writer, and another on Grecian Antiqui-
ties, by Francis Rous. the four last chapters of which were written
by the learned Zachary Bogan. The whole form a useful and not
expensive body of antiquities."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Moses and Aaron is recommended by the celebrated
Witsius.
3. Synopsis Antiquitatum Hebraicarum, in iii. lib., Oxon.,
1616, 4to. 4. Florilegium Phrasicon; or, A Survey of the
Latin Tongue, for the use of his School. 5. Three Argu-
ments to prove Election upon Foresight by Faith. This
occasioned a controversy with Dr. Wm. Twisse, of New-
bury, Berkshire, in which Godwin is thought to have been
confuted.
"The presbyterian writers [Geo. Kendal and Dr. Saml. Clarke]
say that tho' Dr. Godwin was a very learned man in the antiqui-
ties of the IIebrews. Greeks, and Latins, yet he was fitter to in-
struct Grammarians than deal with logicians, and had more
power as master of a school at Abingdon than as a doctor of divi
nity. They further add, also, that Twisse did, by his writings
and disputes, whip this old schoolmaster, and wrested that ferula
out of his hands which he had enough used with pride, and ex-
pos'd him to be derided by boys."-Athen. Oxon.
Godwin, Thomas. 1. Catholics no Idolaters; against
Dr. Stillingfleet's charge of idolatry against the Ch. of
Rome, Lon., 1672, Svo.
Rome, Lon., 1672, 8vo. 2. Discharge to Dr. Stillingfleet's
charge of Idolatry against the Ch.of Rome, Paris, 1677, Svo.
Godwin, Timothy, Bishop of Kilmore and Ardagh.
1. Serms. on Ps. xcviii. 1. 2. Serms. on Ezek. xvii. 19,
1716, 4to. 3. Serms. on Heb. xiii. 16, 1724, 4to.
Godwin, William, 1756–1836, a native of Wise-
beach, Cambridgeshire, where his father was a dissenting
minister, was educated at the Dissenting College, Hoxton,
where he remained for above five years, under the tuition.
of Doctors Rees and Kippis. In 1778 Godwin became
minister to a dissenting congregation near London, and
soon afterwards took charge of a meeting-house at Stow-
market, Suffolk. In 1782 he determined to relinquish the
ministry and seek a livelihood by the use of his pen, and
accordingly he removed to London as a permanent resi-
dence. For the particulars of his social life, we must
refer the reader to the detailed account pub. in the Lon-
don Gent. Mag. for June, 1836, shortly after his decease.
This account is principally derived from a sketch, bio-
graphical and critical, prefixed to the novel of Caleb
Williams, pub. in Bentley's Standard Novels. We need
only remark, here, that in 1797 he became the husband
of a woman of notoriously bad character-Mary Woll-
stonecraft (see ante)-with whom he had previously lived
on disreputable terms, and after her death was again
married. He was once principal conductor of the New
Annual Register, for a time a bookseller, frequently a
member of distinguished literary circles, and always a
lover of letters. His few last years were rendered inde-
pendent by an appointment to the sinecure office of Yoo-
man Usher of the Exchequer. He had considerable abili-
ties, little judgment, and less wisdom; and in his efforts
for reform lacked that foundation without which all such
attempts are hopeless-a recognition of man's moral de-
pravity, and the necessity of maintaining a constant sense
of strict accountability to his Makor. We proceed to
notice his publications:
683
GOD
GOD
1. Sketches of History, in Six Serms., Lon., 1784, 12mo.
2. Au Enquiry concerning Political Justice, and its Influ-
ence on General Virtue and Happiness, 1793, 2 vols. 4to;
3d ed., 1797, 2 vols. 8vo. For this work he received £700.
It at once attracted the public attention, but has long
been neglected.
i
“No work in our time gave such a blow to the philosophical
mind of the country as the celebrated Enquiry concerning Politi
cul Justice. Tom Paine was considered for the time as a Tom Fool
to him; Paley an old woman; Edmund Burke a flashy sophist.
Truth, moral truth, it was supposed, had here taken up its abode;
and these were the oracles of thought. Throw aside your books
of Chemistry,' said Wordsworth to a young man, a student in the
Temple, and read Godwin on Necessity.""-Huzlill's Spirit of the
6
C
Age.
!
This was a bold and astounding piece of writing, a very
master-stroke of levelization. pardonable only as having been cou-
ceived in the madness of a distracting period in the history and
affairs of Europe. We are told it became so popular, that the
poorest mechanics were known to club subscriptions for its pur-
chase, and thus was it directed to mine and eat away contentment
from a nation's roots. In a very short time the author himself
saw he had transgressed the bounds of prudence. and in what
was called a second edition recanted many of the most erroneous
and alarming doctrines of the first."-Biog. Notice in Lon. Gent.
Mag., June, 1836, 666–670.
"
You supped upon Godwin and oysters with Carlisle. Have
you, then, read Godwin with attention? Give me your thoughts
of his book; for, faulty as it is in many parts, there is a mass of
truth in it that must make every man think. Godwin, as a man,
is very contemptible. I am afraid that most public characters
will ill endure examination in their private lives.... Do not
despise Godwin too much.... He will do by
good defending
Atheism in print, because when the arguments are known they
may be easily and satisfactorily answered.”—Robert Southey to G.
C. Bedford, 1795-96. In another place Southey calls Godwin "the
Goliath of the philosophical Canaanites."
"His Political Justice, with all the extravagance of its first
edition, or with all the inconsistencies of its last, is a noble work,
replete with lofty principle and thought, and often leading to the
most striking results by a process of the severest reasoning.”—SIR
T. N. TALFOURD: Lon. New Month. Mag., and in his Crit. and
Miscell. Writings.
"I cannot but consider the author of Political Justice as a
philosophical reasoner of no ordinary stamp or pretensions. That
work, whatever its defects may be, is distinguished by the most
acute and severe logic, and by the utmost boldness of thinking,
founded on a love and conviction of truth."-Huzlitt on the Eng-
lish Novelists.
"Whatever may be its mistakes, which we shall be the last to
underrate, it is certain that works in which errors equally dan-
gerous are maintained with far less ingenuity, have obtained for
their authors a conspicuous place in the philosophical history of
the eighteenth century.”—SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: Edin. Rev., 488,
and in his Misc. Works.
them a basty, unreasonable impatience and scorn for the more
humble and unassuming principles upon which those who would
meliorate the condition of their fellow-creatures must proceed;
they prepare the way for the appearance and success of daring
and bad men; of revolutionists of the worst description; and while
they profess to further the great cause of liberty, and the improve-
ment of mankind, they bring into suspicion and contempt some
of the noblest and best virtues of the human character; they
make patriotism useless, and benevolence ridiculous."-Prof.
Smyth's Lecls. on the Hist. of the French Revolution. See Green's
Examination of Godwin's Political Justice, &c., Lon., 1798, Svo.
Sir Walter Scott, who had the same difficulty in "sparing
or passing by a jest," when writing, that Lord Bacon had
when speaking, thus pleasantly rallies Godw n upon the
maxims of property contained in his Political Justice.
The remark occurs in Scott's review of Godwin's Life of
Chaucer, and refers to the biographer's complaint that the
owners of libraries refused to lend him the books which
he required for consultation:
"We cannot help remarking that the principles of a modern
philosopher continue to charm the public after the good man him-
self has abandoned them; just as the very truest tale will some-
times be distrusted from the habitual falsehood of the narrator.
We fear this may have incommoded Mr. Godwin in his antiquarian
researches, more than he seems to be aware of. When he com-
plains that private collectors decline to part with their treasures
for a short time out of their own hands,' did it never occur to Mr.
Godwin that the maxims concerning property, contained in his
Political Justice, were not altogether calculated to conciliate confi-
dence in the author?”—Edin. Rev., jii. 437-452.
3. Things as they are, or the Adventures of Caleb
Williams; a Novel, 1794, 3 vols. 12mo; 1796, 3 vols. 12mo;
1816, 3 vols. 12mo; 1832, 12mo; 1849, 12mo; 1854, fp. Svo.
This work has also a political tendency:
"A general review of the modes of domestic despotism, by which
man becomes the destroyer of man."
The author received for it the small sum of £84.
"A master-piece, both as to invention and execution. The ro
mantic and chivalrous principle of the love of personal fame is
embodied in the finest possible manner in the character of Falk-
land; as in Caleb Williams, (who is not the first, but the second
character in the piece.) we see the very demon of curiosity personi-
fied. Perhaps the art with which these two characters are con-
trived to relieve and set off each other has never been surpassed
in any work of fiction, with the exception of the immortal satire
of Cervantes." —Hazlitt`s Spirit of the Age.
“There is not a moment's pause in the action or sentiment; the
breath is suspended, the faculties are wound up to the highest
pitch as we read. Page after page is greedily devoured. There is
no laying down the book till we come to the end, and even then
the words still ring in our ears, nor do the mental apparitions ever
pass away from the eye of memory."-Edin. Rev.
Caleb Williams, the earliest, is also the most popular, of our
author's romances, not because his latter works have been less
rich in sentiment and passion, but because they are, for the most
part, confined to the development of single characters; while in
this there is the opposition and death-grapple of two beings, each
endowed with poignant sensibilities and quenchless energy. There
is no work of fiction which more rivets the attention-no tragedy
which exbibits a struggle more sublime or sufferings more in-
tense than this; yet to produce the effect, no complicated machinery
is employed, but the springs of action are few and simple. The
motives are at once common and elevated, and are purely intel-
lectual, without appearing for an instant inadequate to their
mighty issues."-SIR T. N. TALFOURD: New Month. Mag., and in
his Crit, and Miscell. Writings.
"Seldom has so bold, powerful and collected a thinker investi-
gated questions of this nature. His Inquiry is scarcely tinged
with the atmosphere of ordinary life. He takes up the subject
like a new-comer to our planet, unswayed either by habit or asso-
ciation. His work may be described as the application of intellect
to life. The result was, that he proved that reason is not the only
guide, and, in doing this, he fulfilled a vast though negative ser-
vice; besides incidentally contributing new impulse and informa-
tion to the cause of individual culture and social progress.”—H. T.
TUCKERMAN: Characteristics of Literature: The Reformer: Godwin.
"The influence of the work I can myself remember. In any
ordinary state of the world it must have fallen lifeless from the
press: highly metaphysical, continually running into general ab-
stractions, into disquisitions, never ending still beginning, no-
|
thing was ever less fitted to attract a reader than this repulsive
6
Inquiry concerning Political Justice; and if the state had not
been out of joint, most assuredly scarce a reader would have been
found. Some years after, when the success of the work had been
established, Mr. Burke was asked whether he had seen it. Why,
yes, I have seen it,' was the answer, ‘and a mighty stupid-looking
book it is. No two words could better have described it. The
late excellent Sir Samuel Romilly, who had then leisure to read
every thing, told a friend who had never heard of it, that there
had just appeared a book, by far the most absurd that had ever
come within his knowledge, (this was the work of Godwin;) and |
Mrs. Barbauld, who at length, by the progress of its doctrines,
was compelled to look at it, declared, that what was good in the
book was chiefly taken from Hume; and that it was borrowed
sense, and original nonsense.' . . . It is no longer possible, I
think, to read the book: the world is now in a more settled state,
and people no longer make 'inquiries concerning political justice,
and its influence on morals and happiness,' according to the title
of his book. I will therefore endeavour to give you some general
notion of the leading principles of the work, in the most concise |
manner I am able.
|
Mr. Gilfillan also commends Caleb Williams in the
siasm by Mr. De Quincey, who remarks:
most eulogistic terms, and is taken to task for his enthu-
It happens, however, that other men of talent have raised
Caleb Williams to a station in the first rank of novels: whilst
many more, amongst whom I am compelled to class myself, cau
see in it no merit of any kind.”
Read this article, which is sufficiently amusing, in De
Quincey's Essays on the Poets and other English Writers.
"Few there are who do not enter into and understand the work-
ings of the mind of Caleb Williams, where the demon of curiosity,
finding a youth of an active and speculative disposition, without
guide to advise, or business to occupy him. engages his thoughts
and his time upon the task of prying into a mystery which noway
concerned him. and which from the beginning he had a well-
founded conviction might prove fatal to him should he ever pene-
trate it. The chivalrous frenzy of Falkland, in the same piece,
though perhaps awkwardly united with the character of an assas-
sin, that love of fame to which he sacrifices honour and virtue, is
another instance of a humour, or turn of mind, which, like stained
glass, colours with its own peculiar tinge every object beheld by
the party."-SIR WALTER SCOTT: Blackwood's Mag., xx. 53.
"This sentence was written many years ago, like the rest of the "Caleb Williams is the cream of his mind, the rest are the
lectures I am now delivering; but, as I mentioned in my intro- skimmed milk; yet in that wondrous novel all must be offended
ductory lecture to this course, I have lived to see all the doctrines with the unnatural and improbable character of Falkland: the
of Godwin revived. They are the same as those which now infest most accomplished, the most heroical and lofty-minded of men
the world and disgrace the human understanding, delivered by murders one who had affronted him, allows others to hang for the
Mr. Owen, by the Chartists, the St. Simonians. &c. &c., and by deed, and persecutes to the brink of ruin a man whose sole sin
many other political theorists, in these kingdoms, in France, on was a desire to penetrate through the mystery in which this pro-
the continent, and the Workees,' as they call themselves, in digy of vice and virtue had wrapped himself. Williams suffers
America. . . . Books like Mr. Godwin's (and I have therefore | merely because it was necessary for the story that he should; a
called your attention to his work, merely as a specimen of all single word would have set all right and saved him from much
other revolutionary works and reasonings) have a fatal tendency unnatural terror. In short, the fault is, that the actions which
to animate and exasperate men of sanguine and benevolent the dramatis persona perform are not in keeping with their cha
minds with false ideas of the perfectibility of human nature. and racters."-ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog, and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. af
erroneous estimates of the evils they see existing; they create in | the last Ffly Years. See No. 18.
684
GOD
GOD
"Caleb Williams is probably the finest novel produced by a
man, at least since the Vicar of Wakefield. The sentiments, if
not the opinions. from which it arose, were transient.
Local
usages and institutions were the subjects of its satire, exaggerated
beyond the usual privilege of that species of writing. Yet it has
been translated into most languages, and it has appeared in va-
rious forms on the theatres not only of England, but of France
and Germany. There is scarcely a Continental circulating library
in which it is not one of the books which most quickly require to
be replaced. . . . There is scarcely a fiction in any language which
it is so difficult to lay down. . . . The passages which betray the
metaphysician more than the novelist ought to be weeded out
with more than ordinary care.”—Sin JAMES MACKINTOSH: Edin.
Kiev., xxv. 485–486, and in his Mi:cell. Writings.
4. Cursory Strictures on the Charge delivered by Lord
Chief-Justice Eyre to the Grand Jury, Oct. 2, 1794, 8vo.
This refers to the trial of Holcroft, Thelwall, and other
would-be political reformers, who were tried for high trea-
son. Godwin's pamphlet is thought to have secured their
acquittal. See No. 11. 5. The Enquirer: Reflections on
Education, Manners and Literature. in a series of Essays,
1797, 8vo; 1823, 12mo. 6. Memoirs of Mary Wollstone-
craft Godwin, 1798, 8vo. 7. Her Posthumous Works,
1798, 4 vols. 12mo. See our article on this person, and
see No. 11 in this biography. S. St. Leon; a Tale of the
16th century, 1799, 4 vols. 12mo; 1832, 12mo; 1849, 12mo.
This title was much ridiculed, and a humorous counter-
part to St. Leon was pub. under the name of St. Godwin:
a Tale of the 16th, 17th, and 18th century, by Count Regi-
nald de St. Leon, 1800, 12mo. But Mr. Godwin had the
laugh on his side, for he received 400 guineas for his copy-
right.
·
In St. Leon Mr. Godwin has sought the stores of the super-
natural; but the metaphysical aid which he has condescended
to accept, is not adapted to carry him farther from nature, but to
ensure a more intimate and wide communion with its mysteries.
His hero does not acquire the philosopher's stone and the elixir
of immortality to furnish out for himself a dainty solitude, where
he may dwell, soothed with the music of his own undying
thoughts, and rejoicing in his severance from his frail and transi-
tory fellows."-SIR T. N. TALFOURD: New Month. Mag., and in his
Crit. and Miscell. Writings.
"After Caleb Williams, it would be injustice to Mr. Godwin to
mention St. Leon, where the marvellous is employed too fre-
quently to excite wonder, and the terrible is introduced till we
have become familiar with terror. The description of Bethlem
Gabor, however, recalled to our mind the author of Caleb Wil-
liams; nor, upon the whole, was the romance such as could have
been written by quite an ordinary pen."-Edin. Rev., vi. 182. See
No. 18.
9. Antonio, or The Soldier's Return; a Tragedy, Lon.,
1801, Svo.
1
A miracle of dulness."-SIR T. N. TALFOURD.
And so the audience thought; for, after being bored be-
yond endurance, human nature gave way, and they hooted
the actors from the stage, in the presence of the unhappy
author. Talfourd gives an amusing account of the equa-
nimity displayed by Godwin on this trying occasion.
10. Thoughts on Dr. Parr's Spital Serm., 1802, Svo.
•
A clever though disordered composition.”—Lon. Gent. Mag.,
June, 1836.
11. The Life of Geoffrey Chaucer, &c., 1803, 2 vols. 4to;
2d ed., 1804, 4 vols. 8vo. We have already referred to this
work, both in the present article and in our life of Chaucer,
but cannot let it pass without adding a few lines.
"In his Life of Mary Wollstonecraft be has written little and
said much; and in his account of Chaucer, he has written much
and said little.... It has been said that a spoonful of truth will
colour an ocean of fiction; and so it is seen in Godwin's Life of
Chaucer: he heaps conjecture upon conjecture-dream upon dream
-theory upon theory; scatters learning all around, and shows
everywhere a deep sense of the merits of the poet; yet all that he
has related might have been told in a twentieth part of the space
which he has taken.”—ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog, and Crit. Hist.
of the Lit, of the Last Fifty Years.
|
"The perusal of this title excited no small surprise in our critical
fraternity. The authenticated passages of Chaucer's life may be
comprised in half a dozen pages; and behold two voluminous quar-
tos!... We have said that Mr. Godwin had two modes of wire
drawing and prolonging his narrative. The first is, as we have
seen. by hooking in the description and history of every thing
that existed upon earth at the same time with Chaucer. In this
kind of composition, we usually lose sight entirely of the proposed
subject of Mr. Godwin's lucubrations, travelling to Rome or l'ales-
tine with as little remorse as if poor Chaucer had never been men-
tioned in the title-page. The second mode is considerably more
ingenious, and consists in making cld Geoffrey accompany the
author upon these striking excursions. For example, Mr. Godwiu |
has a fancy to describe a judicial trial. Nothing can be more easily
introduced; for Chaucer certainly studied at the Temple, and is
supposed to have been bred to the bar."-SIR WALTER SCOTT: Edin.
Rev., iii. 437-152.
Read the whole of this amusing review, which is redo-
lent of that exquisite humour in which the great magician
was certainly never surpassed.
"His Life of Chaucer would have given celebrity to any man of
letters possessed of three thousand a year, with leisure to write
quartos: as the legal acuteness in his Remarks on Judge Eyre's
Charge to the Jury would have raised any briefless barrister to the
height of his profession.”—Hozlitt's Spirit of the Age.
The Life of Chaucer should by no means be neglecte
on account of its bulk, which perhaps the enthusiastic
student of early English history would not have curtailed
by a single page. This kind of desultory gossip is no
ignoble treat for a long winter's evening.
12. Fleetwood, or the New Man of Feeling; a Novel,
1805, 3 vols. 12mo; 1849, 12mo.
“There is. perhaps, little general sympathy with the over-strained
delicacies of Fleetwood, who, like Falkland in the School for Scan-
dal, is too extravagant in his peculiarities to deserve the reader's
pity."—SIR Walter Scott: Blackwood's Mag., xx. 53.
In short, the New Man of Feeling, in his calm moments a de
termined egotist. is. in his state of irritation, a frantic madman,
who plays on a barrel-organ at a puppet-show, till he and the
wooden dramatis personœ are all possessed by the foul fiend Flib-
bertigibbet, who presides over mopping and moving.”—Elin. Rev.,
vi. 182-193.
"Fleetwood has less of our author's characteristic energy than
any other of his works.”—SIR T. N. TALFOURD: New Month. Mug-
and Crit, and Miscell. Writings.
13. Faulkner; a Tragedy, 1807, '08, Svo. This met with
the same fate as Antonio bad experienced; see No. 9.
14. An Essay on Sepulchres; or, a Proposal for erecting
some Memorials of the Illustrious Dead in all ages, on the
spot where their remains have been interred, 1809, cr. Svo.
Of all Mr. Godwin's writings the choicest in point of style is a
dued and sweetened by the contemplation of mortality. is breathed
little essay on Sepulchres. Here his philosophie thought, sub-
forth in the gentlest tone.”—SIR T. N. TALFOURD: New Month
Mog., and in his Crit, and Miscell. Writings.
15. The Life of the Earl of Chatham. See an amusing
anecdote connected with this volume in Hazlitt's Spirit of
the Age, article WILLIAM GODWIN. 16. The Lives of Ed-
Milton, &c., 1815, 4to.
ward and John Phillips, nephews and pupils of John
This work is written in a pleasing style, and is a valuable ac-
cession to literary history."-Lon. Geut. Mag., June, 1836.
ko
"It cannot be denied that great acuteness is shown in assem-
bling and weighing all the very minute circumstances from which
their history must often be rather conjectured than inferred. It
may appear singular that we, in this speculative part of the island,
should consider the digressions from biography, and the passages
of general speculation, as the part of the work which might, with
the greatest advantage, be retrenched. But they are certainly
episodes too large for the action, and have sometimes the air of
openings of chapters in an intended history of England. These
two faults, of digressious too expanded, and details too minute,
are the principal defects of the volume: which must be considered
phy of Milton."-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: Edin. Rev., xxv. 485–501,
hereafter as a necessary part of all collections respecting the biogra-
und in his Miscell. Works.
17. Letters of Verax to the Morning Chronicle, on the
assumed grounds of the present War, 1815. 18. Mande-
ville; a Tale of the 17th century, Edin., 1817, 3 vols. 12mo.
This work was written in accordance with a contract made
with Constable, the bookseller, in 1816, when Godwin paid
a visit to Edinburgh.
Mandeville has all the power of its author's earliest writings,
but its main subject—the development of an engrossing and mad-
dening hatred-is not one which can excite human sympathy.
There is, however, a bright relief to the gloom of the picture, in
the angelic disposition of Clifford, and the sparkling loveliness of
SIR T. N. TALFOURD: New Month. Mag., and Crit. and Miscell. Writ
Henrietta, who appears full of life, and splendour, and joy.”—
ings.
..
Ilis St. Leon and his Mandeville are ten degrees darker than
his Falkland: in the latter, there are many ties to connect us with
truth and nature, and we go on-as the sailors keep by a sinking
vessel-in the hope that all must be righted soon. Mandeville is
one of those unhappy persons whose minds are never so free from
the storms of passion as to be fully rational, and yet cannot, save
in fits of fury, be considered wholly mad."-ALLAN CUNNINGHAM:
Biog, and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years.
A
This is. in our opinion, a very dull novel and a very clever
book.... We are therefore obliged to pronounce this work intoler-
ably tedious and disgusting, though its author has proved himself
intimately skilled in the perversity of the human mind, and in all
the blackest and most horrible passions of the human breast."-
Lon. Quar. Rev., xviii. 176–177.
·
The language of Mandeville is throughout nervous and manly.
It has indeed many affectations; but these, as has always been the
case in the writings of Godwin, vanish whenever he grapples with
violent emotions. He is at home in the very whirlwind of terrors,
aud seems to breathe with the greatest freedom in the most tem-
pestuous atmosphere.”—Blackwood's Mag., ii. 268–279.
Like his other novels, it contains an important lesson, forcibly
inculcated-it shows the forlornness and misery of a jealous, sullen,
aspiring mind, that makes great claims ou the world, without pro-
per efforts to justify or enforce them."-W. PHILLIPS: N. Amer.
Rev., vii. 92-105.
"The announcement of a new work of fiction by the author of
Caleb Williams was enough to send the reading world distraught;
but Mandeville did not answer its expectations, and is much in-
ferior to his former efforts."-Lon. Gent. Mag.. June, 1836.
19. On Population; being an Enquiry concerning the
Power of Increase in the Numbers of Mankind, Lon.,
1820, Svo. This was in answer to the celebrated theory
of population propounded by Malthus. See this work
¦
685
GOD
GOL
noticed, and dissertations on the respective theories of
Godwin and Malthus, in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xxvi. 148;
Edin. Rev., xxxv. 362. See also notices of Godwin's work
in the Edin. Month. Rev., v. 535; Lon. Month. Rev., xciv.
113. 20. History of the Commonwealth of England from
the Commencement to the Restoration of Charles II., 1824,
'25, '26, '27, '28, 4 vols. 8vo.
6.
During the progress of this bistory the author has derived an
invaluable accession of authorities from the records of the proceed-
ings of the Long Parliament, which, owing to the researches of Mr.
Lemon, have been recently discovered in the State Paper Office.
These documents, and the collection of Commonwealth Tracts
given by George 111. to the British Museum, have enabled Mr.
Godwin to throw much new light upon the general history of the
time, and especially to clear up certain mysterious and controverted
points connected with the early transactions of the regicides.”—
Official advertisement at the time of publication.
We cannot take leave of Mr. Godwin without expressing our
gratitude to him for the new and correct lights he has thrown
upon a page of history hitherto too much blotted by malice, and
blurred and garbled by hostility. We rise from such a work with
thoughts and feelings instructed and refined-instructed by its
correct views and laborious research, and refined by the proofs it
exhibits of the suavity and temperance, as well as unbending jus-
tice and principle, of the writer.”—Lon. Critical Gazette.
So much for one side of the picture: now for the other:
"The pains and extensive research evidently bestowed in the
construction of these volumes, might have placed Godwin's name
high as an historian of his country, had they not heen tinged with
a partial and democratic colouring, which must ever detract from
the character and value of his work."-Lm. Gent. Mag.. June, 1836.
We are almost inclined to suspect some difference of
politics between the two last quoted authorities.
But, whatever may be thought of Mr. Godwin's politics,
his research and excellence of arrangement have elicited
the following commendation from one of the most eminent
of living critics:
"In the original ordinance the members of both houses were
excluded during the war; but in the second, which was carried,
the measure was not made prospective. This, which most histo
rians have overlooked. is well pointed out by Mr. Godwin."-Hul-
lam's Constitutional Hist. of Eng., 7th ed., 1854. p. 181, n.
"Mr. Godwin's History of the Commonwealth, a work in which
great attention has been paid to the order of time."—Ibid., p. 196, n.
“Mr. Godwin has published a work which must be considered as
the defence of the Republican party.... It should by all means
be read; it is always interesting, and sometimes contains anecdotes
and passages that are curious and striking;-Godwin is always a
powerful writer:-and, above all, it is the statement of the case of
the Republicans. But, on the whole, in these volumes of Godwin
there is no sufficient instruction given of the religious hypocrisy
aud cant of the Presbyterians first, or of the Independents and
Cromwell afterwards. The history is an effort in favour of the
Republicans of those times, founded on the paramount merit of a
republic at all times. It is also very nearly a panegyric of Crom-
well-certainly so as far as regard for the Republicans admitted.”
-Prof. Smyth's Lectures on Mod. Hist.
"It is a political counterpart of that of Lord Clarendon; for the
writer was of the radical school of politics, and of the atheistic
school of philosophy."-CHANCELLOR KENT.
“This work is a solid proof of great endowments and abilities,
and throws new light upon a most interesting period of our na-
tional annals.”—Lon. Lit. Guzette.
21. Cloudesley; a Novel, 1830, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
"Cloudesley is better written than Caleb Williams. The expres-
sion is everywhere terse, vigorous, and elegant—a polished mirror
without a wrinkle.”—Edin. Rev.
"A dull though clever novel."-Lon. Gent. Mag., 1836.
"The new novel of Cloudesley, by this celebrated writer, is ad-
mitted to be worthy of his genius."-Lon. Chronicle.
L
A work of genius, which will be read by all who possess genius,
or respect it in others."-Scotsman.
22. Thoughts on Man; his Nature, Productions, and
Discoveries. Interspersed with some Particulars respect-
ing the Author, 1831, 8vo.
..
The results of the thirty years' meditations of the Author of
the Inquiry into Political Justice are well entitled to consideration.
Sound reason and humane principles form the essence of this ex-
cellent volume: which, being the production of a thinking man,
will be a fountain for thoughts in all his readers.”—Lon. Lit. Guz.
“A series of essays in the style and manner of his earlier works
-full as irreverent and almost equally as noxious; like the ser-
pent, venomous, but enticing.”—Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1836.
23. Lives of the Necromancers, 1834, 8vo.
"With every disposition to speak favourably of this production,
we must acknowledge that an authentic history of Necromancy,
and a faithful biography of its votaries, still remain a desideratun
in our literature. A writer of patient research, and possessed of a
competent knowledge of physics and chemistry, is alone capable
of doing justice to the subject.... On the first perusal of Mr. God-
win's volume, we were disposed to quarrel with him on account
of its irreligious character. It is enough. however, to have guarded
our young readers against the snare which is laid for them. Reli-
gion is founded on too secure a basis to be thus shaken; and we
might as well assail the truths of modern science by charging
some of its votaries with the follies of Animal Magnetism, as
attempt to discredit Christianity because some of its professors
believed in sorcery and practised magic."-Edin. Rev., 1x. 37-54.
The Lives of the Necromancers was Mr. Godwin's last
production. In addition to the twenty-three works which
have come under our notice, he also wrote a number of
minor educational and other juvenile works, when a book-
seller,-about 1804, and the few following years,-under
the assumed name of Edward Baldwin. Mr. Godwin was,
indeed, a voluminous author, and it is a sad reflection, that
of one so capable of benefiting the world by his talents,
the condemnatory verdict should be recorded that,
"In weighing well his merits with his moral imperfections, it is
melancholy to discover how far the latter preponderated, and we
are led to the very painful though certain conclusion, that it might
have been better for mankind had he never existed. Eccentric
notions are alluring, and the wildest theories are too often mis-
taken for the grandest and the deepest. The opinions maintained
by Mr. Godwin, ou the existing state of society and actions of
mankind, are sour and unhealthy. Pride was the basis and the
root of his philosophy. . . . As a novelist Mr. Godwin is to all in-
tents original; he has taken no model, but has been himself s
model to the million. He heads that voluminous class of writers
whose chief, nay whose only, aim is to excite the painful sensibili-
ties by displaying in a rigid depth of colouring, the darkest and
the blackest passions which corrupt mankind. But his novels
have not the moral effect of Hogarth's pictures, which reform vie
by holding it to view; they rather contaminate the young and
eager. by familiarising them with scenes and characters which it
would be better that they never knew even in works of fiction,
however artfully glossed over.”—Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1836.
Godwin, William, Jr., d. of cholera in 1832, only
child of the preceding by his second wife, was a parlia-
mentary reporter, and contributed a number of papers to
the periodicals of the day. He left in MS. a novel pub.
by his father in 3 vols. p. Svo, entitled Transfusion.
"It partakes of the family wildness and irregularity of genius."
-Lon. Gent. Mag.. June, 1836.
Goering, Jacob, Lutheran minister at York, Pa.
Besiegter Wiedertäufer, 1783, Svo. Answer to a Method-
ist's Remonstrance, York. Der Verkappte Priester Aaron,
(über die Siebentäger:) pub. about 1790.
Goff, Goffe, or Gough, Thomas, 1592?-1629, a
native of Essex, educated at Westminster and Christ
Church, Oxf., preferred to the living of East Clandon,
Surrey, 1629. 1, 2. Latin Orations, 1622, ’27. Serm., 1627,
4to. 3. Raging Turk; a Trag., 1656, Svo. 4. Courageous
Turk, 1656, Svo. 5. Tragedie of Orestes, 1656, Svo.
6. Careless Shepherdess; a Tragi-Com., with an alphabetical
cat. of all such Plays that were ever printed, 1656, 4to.
This cat. is incorrect. 7. Cupid's Whirligig; a Com.
Ascribed to him, without much probability of truth, by
Phillips and Winstanley. It has been supposed that he
trans. The Bastard, a Tragedy; and Wood and Langbaine
both give him Selimus, which was printed when Goff was
but two years old.
"Goff's tragedies are full of ridiculous bombast; his comedies are
not without merit."-GIFFORD.
………
His melancholy fate is a warning to all bachelors:
<<
"Taking to wife a meer Xantippe, the widow of his predecessor,
notwithstanding he had always before professed himself an enemy
to the female sex, and was esteemed by many another Joseph
Swetnam, he was so much overtop'd by her and her chilaren
which she had by her former husband, that, his life being much
shortened thereby, he died at length in a manner heart-broken.”
-Athen. Oxon.
amiable title of the Woman-hater, will claim a place in
Joseph Swetnam, who was distinguished by the not very
another part of our volume.
+
Golborne, John. See BRINDLEY, JAMES.
Golburne, John. 1. Trans. of Voyon's Cat. of
Doctors of God's Church, Lon., 1598, 16mo. 2. Trans. of
Two Theolog. Treatises by Valera, 1600, 4to. 3. Trans.
of an Act of Dispute, &c., 1602, fol.
Gold, F. 1. Trans. of Romand's Travels in the
Pyrenees, Lon., 1813, Svo. 2. Trans. of Bichat's Re-
cherches Physiologiques, 1815, Svo.
Golden, Wm. Poems, 1791, 1802.
Goldesborough, Goldsborough, or Goulds-
borough, John. Reports in all the Courts of West-
minster, 1586-1602; with Notes by W. S., 1653, '75, '82, ito.
"For thy further satisfaction know, that thou hast here not a
spurious deformed brat, falsely fathered upon the name of a dead
man, too usuall a trick, played by the subtile gamesters of this
serpentine age: but thou hast presented to thee, though I cannot
say the issue of learned Gouldsborough's own brain, yet, I dare
say, the work of his own hand; and that which, were he living,
he would not blush to own."-Preface.
"Godbolt, Goldsborough and March; mean reporters; but not
to be rejected."-North's Stu. Law, 24.
Brownlow's Reports contains a number of Cases reported
by J. Goldesborough, but the entire collection of cases will
be found in the above work.
be found in the above work. See BROWNLOW, RICHARD.
Goldicult, John.
ings by J. C., 1819, fol. 2. Decorations from Pompeii,
1. Antiq. of Sicily, from Draw-
1826, imp. Svo and 4to.
Goldie, George, 1748-1804, a minister of the Ch. of
Scotland, had charge of the Church of Athelstaneford for
twenty-six years.
twenty-six years. Serms.; with Life, Edin., 1805, 8vo.
Goldie, John. 1. Gospel Recovered, 1779-84, 6 vols.
1
686
GOL
GOL
8vo. 2. Evidences of a Deity, 1809. Upon the publica-
tion of these Essays, Burns, the poet, addressed an Epistle
to the author.
Goldsmith, Rev. J. Geography, &c., 1803-15. Of
Goldsmith's Grammar of Geography there have been new
eds., 1844–51, by Hughes, Kenny, and Wright.
Golding, Arthur, a poct and translator, of the 16th
century, a native of London, was patronized by Sir Philip
Sidney, secretary to Lord Cobham and other leading cha-
racters of the day. He completed a trans. of Mornay's
Trewnesse of the Christian Religion, commenced by Sir
Philip Sidney; and made translations from Calvin, Chy-
træus, Beza, Marlorat, Hemingius. Justin, Cæsar, &c. His
best-known trans. is that of Ovid's Metamorphoses; The
fyrst fower bookes, 1565; The XV. Bookes, 1575, '87, 1603,¦
'12; all in black letter, 4to.
Goldsmith, Lewis, b. 1763, a Jew, a native of Eng-
land, gained considerable notoriety by pub.-1. The Crimes
of Cabinets, Lon., 1801, 8vo; and subsequently gave to
the world-2. The Conduct of France towards America,
1809, Svo; N. York, 1810, 8vo. 3. The Secret Hist. of the
Cabinet of Bonaparte, Lon., 1811, 8vo; 1814, 2 vols. 8vo.
4. Manifestos, &c. of Bonaparte, &c., 1811, 8vo; 1813,
4 vols. 8vo. 5. Secret Hist. of Bonaparte's Diplomacy,
1812, Svo. 6. Memorial of M. Carnot, &c., 1814, 8vo.
7. An appeal to the Sovereigns of Europe on the Necessity
of bringing Napoleon Bonaparte to public Trial, 1815.
At one time he edited the Paris Argus, and interested
himself in French politics.
"Ilis style is poetical and spirited, and his versification clear;
his manner ornamented and diffuse, yet with a sufficient obser-
vance of the original. On the whole, I think him a better pet
than Phaier.... Ovid's Metamorphoses, just translated by Gold-
ing, to instance no further, disclosed a new world of fiction, even
to the illiterate. . . . I think his only original work is an account
of an Earthquake in 1580, [pub. 1580. 8vo.] Of his original poetry
I recollect nothing more than an encomiastic_copy of verses pre-
fixed to Baret's Alveare, published in 1580. It may be regretted
that he gave so much time to translations."- Wurton's Hist. of
Eng. I'vet.
Goldsmith, Miss Mary. 1. Casualties; a Novel,
Lon., 1784, 2 vols. 12mo.
|
His trans. of Beza's drama of Abraham's Sacrifice,
1577, 18mo, has given him a place in the Biog. Dramat.
"Golding's Translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses is a good one,
considering the time when it was written. It is in Alexandrine
verse, as well as Phaer's Virgil."-ALEXANDER POPE: Spence's Anec
dotes.
An ancient critic ranks Richard Edwards with Phaer,
Haywood, Nevile, Googe, and our author, Golding:-
"With him also, as seemeth me,
Our Edwards may compare;
Who nothying gyuing place to him
Doth syt in egall chayre."
-
T.B.'s Recommendatory Poem, prefixed to John Studley's English
version of Seneca's Agamemnon, printed in 1566. See Warton's
Eng. Poet.; Phillips's Theat. Poet.; Bibl. Brit.
Puttenham, in his Arte of English Poesie, in his criti-
cisms on contemporary English poets, commends
"Phaer and Golding for a learned and well-connected verse,
specially in translation, clear, and very faithfully answering their
author's intent."
6
The translations of ancient poets by Phaer, Golding, Stany-
hurst, and several more, do not challenge our attention: most of
them, in fact, being very wretched performances.”—Hollam's Lit.
Hist. of Europe.
Golding thus feelingly complains of the innovations
which were changing the character of the English tongue
in his day:
Our English tongue is driven almost out of kind,
Dismember'd, hack'd. maim'd, rent, and torn.
Defaced, patch'd, marr'd, and made in scorn."
Golding, P. Sleydane's Epitome of Freissard, Lon.,
1603, '08, 4to.
In no estimation."-NICOLSON.
It is, however, well to have it in a Shaksperian collec-
tion.
Golding, Widdows. Con. to Med. Facts, 1797.
Goldingham, B. See next article, and references
there cited.
Goldingham, Henry. 1. Queen Elizabeth's Pro-
gress to Norwich; a Masque, Lon., 1578, 4to. 2. Garden
Plot; an Allegorical Poem, and a reprint of his Masque.
39 copies printed for the Roxburghe Club, 1825, 4to.
this work; also Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poetry; Ritson's
Bibl. Poet.; Steevens's Shaksp.
See
Goldisborough, John. Almanack, Lon., 1662, Svo.
Goldney, Edward, Sr. 1. Friendly Epist. to the
Jews, 1761, Svo. 2. Epistle to the Deists, 1761, Svo.
Goldsborough, Charles W. United States Naval
Chronicle, Washington, 1824, vol. i., pp. 395.
"A valuable repository of historical facts and official state-
ments.”—N. Amer. Rev., xxi. 1–19.
Goldsmid, Anna M. 1. Trans. from the German
of Dr. G. Salomon's 12 serms. delivered in the New Tem-
ple of the Israelites at Hamburg, &c., Lon., 1839, Svo.
"Many of them will be found available for persons of every
religious denomination and sect."-Translator's Preface.
2. Trans. from the German of Dr. Ludwig Philippsohn's
Development of the Religious Idea in Judaism, Chris-
tianity, and Mohammedanism: Considered in 12 Leets. on
the Hist. and Purport of Judaism, Lon., 1855, 8vo, pp. 278.
These lectures were delivered at Magdeburg in 1847. The
translator has added explanatory notes, which the reader
will find very useful.
Goldsmith, or Gouldsmith, Francis, temp.
Charles I. Hugo Grotius, his Sophompaneas, or Joseph;
a Tragedy. With Anuotations, Lon., sine anno, sed 1652, |
8vo.
Goldsmith, G. 1. Equity, Lon., 1838; 4th ed., 1849.
2. English Bar, 1843, fp. Svo; 2d ed., 1849.
"Learn, ye mantua-makers all, from this instructive lesson, to
mind your needles and earn a ‘virtuous bit of bread.' As a com-
position, this novel boasts no high merit.”—Lon. Month. Rev., xlvii.
208.
2. She lives; a Comedy, 1803. 3. Angelina; a Comic
Opera, 1804, N. P.
Goldsmith, Oliver, November 10, 1728-April 4,
1774, one of the most distinguished ornaments of English
literature, was a native of the village of Pallas, Pallice, or
Pallasmore, in Leinster, Ireland, county of Longford, 14
miles S. E. of Ballymahon. The character of his excellent
father-the Rev. Charles Goldsmith, a clergyman of the
Established Church, holding the living of Kilkenny
West-has been so well described by his son in the cha-
racters of The Man in Black in The Citizen of the World,
The Preacher in the Deserted Village, and Doctor Prim-
rose in the Vicar of Wakefield, that no other portraiture
can be needed nor should be tolerated. The good man
lived to see five sons and two daughters surrounding the
family board before he was called to his rest, which event
occurred in the year 1740. His son Henry followed his
calling, and his example and his virtues have been com-
memorated, in lines which the world will never let die,”
by the same pen which depicted the amiable characteristics
of the "Village Preacher.
of the Village Preacher." He who can peruse without
emotion the impassioned burst of fervent gratitude and
tender remembrance with which the houseless wanderer
celebrates his brother's kindness and his brother's peace-
ful home has but little claim to the better feelings of our
nature:
*C Remote, unfriended, melancholy, slow,
Or by the lazy Scheldt. or wandering Po;
Or onward, where the rude Carinthian boor
Against the houseless stranger shuts the door;
Or where Campania's plain forsaken lies,
A weary waste expanding to the skies;
Where'er I roam, whatever realms to see,
My heart, untravell'd, fondly turns to thee.
Still to my brother turns with ceaseless pain,
And drags at each remove a length'ning chain.
Eternal blessings crown my earliest friend,
And round his dwelling guardian saints attend!
Blest be that spot where cheerful guests retire
To pause from toil, and trim the ev'ning fire;
Blest that abode, where want and pain repair,
And ev'ry stranger finds a ready chair;
Blest be those feasts, with simple plenty crown'd,
Where all the ruddy family around
Laugh at the jests or pranks that never fail,
Or sigh with pity at some mournful tale;
Or press the bashful stranger to his food,
And learn the luxury of doing good.
But me, not destiu'd such delights to share.
My prime of life in wand'ring spent and care,
Impell'd with steps unceasing to pursue
Some fleeting good, that mocks me with the view;
That, like the circle bounding earth and skies,
Allures from far, yet, as I follow, flies:
My fortune leads to traverse realms alone.
And find no spot of all the world my own.”
The Traveller.
·
→
If we have somewhat anticipated our story by the
quotation of the beautiful lines just cited, we shall be
readily forgiven. Perhaps there could be no better in-
troduction to a biography of Oliver Goldsmith. The
warmth of his affections, the tenderness of his heart, his
roving propensities and vacillation of mind, are all here
presented to the reader in the poet's happiest and most
graphic style.
At the age of six years Oliver was placed under charge
of the village schoolmaster, Thomas Byrne, a retired
quartermaster of an Irish regiment, who seems to have
expended many of the hours which should have been de-
voted to inruction, in recitals of military adventures, in
which the narr himself had borne no obscure and · ·.
G87
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GOL
honoured share. We do not find, however, that his youth-
ful auditors-the future village Cromwells of the school-
ever seriously complained of this want of faithfulness
upon the part of their military preceptor. With a keen-
ness of perception and politic wisdom which would not
have disgraced practised courtiers, the subjects of this
despotic ruler seem to have carefully studied his character
and adapted their deportment to his changing mood:
"Well had the boding tremblers learned to trace
The day's disasters in his morning face;
Full well they laughed with counterfeited glee
At all his jokes. for many a joke had he;
Full well the busy whisper, circling round,
Convey'd the dismal tidings when he frown'd."
Little Oliver was interrupted in his studies under Mr.
Byrne by an attack of the small-pox, the signature of
which he bore legibly inscribed on his face for the rest
of his life. Upon his recovery, he was placed at school,
first at Elphin, in Roscommon, then at Athlone, and sub-
sequently at Edgeworthstown. It was whilst attending
the seminary at Elphin, boarding meanwhile at his uncle's,
John Goldsmith, that he displayed his juvenile wit by a
celebrated epigram, which has been carefully preserved by
all the poet's biographers. During an evening party at
his uncle's, when the guests were engaged in the mazes of
the dance, Oliver,-then only nine years old,-disposed to
contribute his share to the amusements of the evening,
undertook the execution of a hornpipe, which was pro-
bably performed with more zeal than elegance. The mu-
sician of the party, who was more forcibly impressed with
the awkward form and pitted face of the juvenile Athlete
than with his Terpsichorean proficiency, raised a laugh at
his expense by calling him his little Esop. But Oliver
soon turned the laugh upon his assailant by the retort:
“Our herald hath proclaimed this saying,
See Æsop dancing, and his monkey playing."
A large portion of the expenses of Oliver's early educa-
tion was defrayed by his kind-hearted uncle, the Rev.
Thomas Contarine, who was at all times one of his most
devoted and generous friends.
On the 11th of June, 1745, Oliver entered Trinity Col-
lege, Dublin, as a sizar, under the tutorship of the Rev.
Theaker Wilder, from whose petty tyranny the youth suf-
fered so acutely that at times his life was an almost in-
tolerable burden. In our life of Edmund Burke we have
noticed the fact that he was a contemporary at college
with the subject of the present article. The poor sizar
did not display either that genius or that application which
gains collegiate distinctions, but he was so fortunate on
one occasion as to secure one of the minor prizes, the
value in money of which was about thirty shillings.
the candidate passed in review under the scrutinizing eye
of the Bishop of Elphin, he was promptly rejected
He was intended for the church, and went to the Bishop of
Elphin to be examined for orders. but, appearing in a pair of
scarlet breeches, he was rejected."-Dr. A. Strean's Letter.
But other reasons are urged for the prelate's rejection
of the application. His sister tells us that the bishop
thought him too young; another version is that his habits
were known to be unsuited to the gravity of the profes-
sion to which he sought admittance. Certain it is that
the church lost nothing by the bishop's refusal. It is
possible to weaken an army by increasing its numbers;
and such a clergyman as Goldsmith would in all pro-
bability have proved would have done little to advance
the cause which he professed to espouse. The candidate
was not heart-broken by the bishop's decision:
|
"This turn of success and sudden influx of wealth proved too
much for the head of our poor student. He forthwith gave a sup-
per and dance at his chamber to a number of young persons of
both sexes from the city, in direct violation of college rules. The
unwonted sound of the fiddle reached the ears of the implacable
Wilder. He rushed to the scene of unhallowed festivity, inflicted
C
corporal chastisement on the father of the feast,' and turned his
astonished guests neck and heels out of doors."-Irving's Life of
Goldsmith.
|
We have often thought that a most interesting narra.
tive might be compiled of the real and supposed lives of
the afterwards great men who at one time or other in-
tended settling in America. As a colonist, Cromwell,
'guiltless of his country's blood," would have passed his
days in the useful pursuits of agriculture or commerce;
and Edmund Burke would have contributed to the legis.
lative sagacity and oratorical splendour which so proudly
distinguished the first American Congress. John Hamp
den would not have been stigmatized by the great Claren.
don as the modern Cinna; and the ruthless ambition of a
Bonaparte would have been resisted by a spirit mightier
than his own. But these are speculations: let us return
to facts. What should be done now for the improvident
youth who had already so sadly disappointed those who
had striven beyond their means to advance his fortunes?
|
Mortified beyond measure at this inglorious termination
to the evening's festivities, and ashamed to meet either the
companions of his studies or of his feasts, Goldsmith left
college the next day in a state of high disgust, determined
to seek his fortunes in some land " beyond the flood," |
where he might hope to prosper by the exercise of his in- To be discouraged in his efforts for poor Oliver belonged
dustry or of his wits. He lingered in Dublin until all his not to the kind-hearted Contarine. If Oliver would be
money was spent save a solitary shilling, and, when that neither a clergyman nor a tutor, the law was still open,
was gone, several of his garments followed, until, at last, and here his abilities would at once command success.
hungry and half-naked, he was saved from starvation, To plan and to do was the same with the good man; and
when on his way to Cork, by a handful of gray peas given he soon had nearly the sum of fifty pounds,-a large sum
him by a country-girl at a wake. He never forgot his for his circumstances,-which he placed in Oliver's hands
|
humble benefactor. Poor fellow! he had fasted for twenty- and dismissed him with his benediction. With this capital
four hours when this seasonable relief was accorded to the young man must manage until he had secured a foot-
him; and long afterwards, when applauded in the worlding which should place him in a position to earn his own
of fashion and an honoured guest at great men's feasts, bread. But, alas! the attractions of a gaming-table were
he declared to Sir Joshua Reynolds that of all the ex- too strong for his virtue; he was persuaded to risk his
quisite meats he had ever tasted that handful of gray peas whole capital, with the encouragement that it would be
was the most delicious.
doubled; but, as might have been anticipated, his money,
with the exception of a few shillings, passed into the pos-
session of his dangerous acquaintances, and he was again
a ruined man.
Goldsmith's mental agony was now indeed great.
How
unworthy had he proved himself of the kindness of his
friends, especially of that uncle and brother who had
strengthened him with words of good cheer when all others
had lost faith in his resolutions and his promises! But
offences repeated "seventy times seven" would not have
exhausted the fount of tenderness which yearned in the
By the kind offices of his brother Henry, he was again
placed at college, where he remained for nearly two years
longer. Feb. 27, 1749, he was made Bachelor of Arts, and
turned his back upon his Alma Mater without the loss of
many tears. It was now incumbent on him to select a
profession, and he was induced by his kind but injudicious
uncle Contarine to become an applicant for holy orders.
The two years of probation were passed in a desultory
manner, often in amusements not altogether of the most
clerical character; and when, at the age of twenty-three,
“For the clerical profession,” says his sister, Mrs. Hodson, “he
had no liking."
Good old Uncle Contarine was sadly disappointed, but
relaxed nothing in his efforts to serve his wayward nephew.
He soon procured him employment as a tutor in the family
of Mr. Flinn; but this situation was lost in consequence of a
quarrel between the preceptor and one of the family over
a game of cards. Oliver left Mr. Flinn's with what seemed
to him an almost fabulous amount of money-no less
than thirty pounds; but even this amount, vast as it
was, was not proof against the repeated demands to which
the owner subjected it, and in six weeks he returned to
his mother's house at Ballymahon without a shilling in
his pocket, and on the back of a steed of much humbler
appearance than the one which shortly before carried in
triumph the happy owner of thirty pounds sterling. Part
of this sum, indeed, had been expended in the purchase
of a passage to America; but, as the passenger was on an
excursion in the country when the wind served in the
harbour of Cork, the captain "never inquired after him,
but set sail with as much indifference as if he had been on
board."
How much depended upon that country excursion!
What would have been the history of the author of the
Vicar of Wakefield and the Deserted Village had he
landed, a friendless stranger, on the shores of America?
In all probability the world would never have seen these
immortal productions; and Oliver Goldsmith, a Revolu-
tionary leader, might have shed his blood at Bunker Hill,
or a Western planter, in the enjoyment of a hale old age,
have nursed on his knee his children of the third gener
tion.
((
688
GOL
GOL
|
keart of that good uncle towards the repentant prodigal. tained a situation as shop-tender with a chemist of the
When he was yet a great way off," he was ready to run name of Jacob, where he remained until, by the aid of an
forth to meet him, to "fall on his neck," and again "kill for old fellow-student,-Dr. Sleigh, he was enabled to set
him the fatted calf." He took him in his own house, made up, in an humble way, as a physician among the poorer
him exhibit his talents in the long winter evenings by lite-classes. Prosperity did not smile upon his new vocation.
rary discussions, and, when his duties called him away, but incidentally it opened the way to a better business.
was delighted to see his daughter turn entertainer to the He had a patient-a printer's workman-who had per-
poor outcast, and join the music of her harpsichord to the ception enough to discern that the doctor was himself the
notes of his flute. Not satisfied with this, he again anx- victim of a terrible malady--nothing less than consuming,
iously considered how he could best promote his advance-soul-corroding poverty. The poor man had learned benevo-
ment in the world; and a hint which fell from the great | lence of his employer. He told Goldsmith that his master
man of the family-Dean Goldsmith, of Cloyne, then on a had a kind heart, and before this had relieved distress;-
visit to the worthy pastor-was sufficient to cause him would he not let him speak a word for him? The kind
again to tax his narrow purse for further supplies for offices of his humble patient were not in vain ; and behold
Oliver.
the quondam physician installed as reader and corrector of
the press to Samuel Richardson, the author of “Clarissa.”
About the beginning of 1757, (unless we adopt the earlier
date assigned by Mr. Allport.) he obtained a situation as
usher in the academy of Dr. Milner, at Peckham, and was
still in this humble employment-the mortification of
which he has so well described in the person of George
Primrose-when he was engaged by Griffiths as a stated
contributor to The Monthly Review. An agreement was
made for one year, and Goldsmith moved his scanty ward-
robe to the house of Mr. and Mrs. Griffiths. It is not
without reason that we mention the latter she was quite
as much master of the house as her husband was, and
ruled the poor contributor with so despotic a sway that at
the end of five months he was glad to cancel his engage-
ment.
If neither the Church, the tutor's chair, nor the bar,
were to afford a field for the exercise of his nephew's abili-
ties, he should be a doctor of medicine! Many had at-
tained a large and profitable practice who had started as
late in life as Oliver: why could not Oliver do the same?
At least, the experiment should be tried. Behold, then,
•ur adventurer again starting, in the autumn of 1752, to
try his fortune in the world.
Arrived in Edinburgh, he soon became famous in the
social circles of that city as a teller of good stories and
singer of Irish songs. But his eighteen months of resi-
dence here were not thrown away. He was too apt a
scholar to be unprofited by the excellent lectures to which
he listened and the chemical experiments in which he took
a part.
He now determined to visit the continent, that he might
enjoy opportunities of completing his medical studies
and gratify a taste for travelling, which was one of his
strongest propensities. Uncle Contarine's purse was al-
ways ready, and to it the student again had recourse.
Yet it is to be recorded, to his credit, that his economy
was stringent, that his applications might be as few and
as moderate as it was possible to make them. His grati-
tude, too, to his generous benefactor was deep and un-
feigned:
Let me acknowledge," he writes to him, when advising him
of intended absence, the humility of the station in which you
found me; let me tell you how I was despised by most and hate-
ful to myself. Poverty, hopeless poverty, was my lot, and Melan-
choly was beginning to make me her own.
When you
"Thou best of men," he exclaims in another letter, written from
Leyden, "may Heaven guard and preserve you and those you
love!"
•
"
With this benediction, so richly deserved, we may take
our leave of good Uncle Contarine, who breathed his last
before his nephew, whom he had so dearly loved and for
whom he had done so much, had attained that celebrity
and prosperous fortune which no one would have rejoiced
in more than himself. May the memory of that good man
ever be fresh in the world's history!
Arrived at Leyden, Goldsmith seems to have devoted
some attention to the pursuit of knowledge, gaining, mean-
while, a precarious subsistence by acting as tutor, and
sometimes winning, but generally losing, by the gaming-
table. In February, 1755, he left Leyden for the purpose
of travelling on foot through Europe. His wardrobe, furni-
ture, and finances, amounted exactly to "a guinea in his
pocket, a shirt on his back, and a flute in his haud."
The manner in which he "disputed his way through
Europe" by accepting university challenges, and gained
many a night's lodging by the notes of his flute, are too
well known, and have been too beautifully described by
himself, to justify us in dwelling upon them here:
"Whenever I approached a peasant's house towards nightfall,
I played one of my most merry tunes, and that procured me not
only a lodging, but subsistence for the next day.”—Vicar of Wake
field.
"Gay, sprightly land of mirth and social ease,
Pleas'd with thyself, whom all the world can please,
How often have I led thy sportive choir
With tuneless pipe beside the murmuring Loire!
Where shading elms along the margin grew,
And, freshen'd from the wave, the zephyr flew;
And haply, though my harsh touch, falt'ring still,
But mock'd all tune, and marr'd the dancers' skill,
Yet would the village praise my wondrous power,
And dance, forgetful of the noon-tide hour."-The Traveller.
Whilst abroad, either at Padua or at Louvain, he took
his degree of Bachelor of Medicine. On the 1st of Febru- |
ary, 1756, Goldsmith landed at Dover, wiser in experience,
but more destitute in pocket, than at any former period
of his life. He made his way to London; and here starva-
tion stared him in the face. In vain he begged for a situa-
tion as a compounder of prescriptions or as an errand-boy
among the London apothecaries; no one would employ an
assistant who could give no references. At last ho ob-
At last ho ob-
From this time until the appearance of his first work
of any pretensions, with the exception of another trial at
ushership in Dr. Milner's school, Goldsmith earned a
scanty subsistence as a hack-writer, with a ready pen
always at the disposal of those who were able to pay a few
shillings or a few pounds, as it might be, for the desired
article. A Life of Voltaire and an unfinished tragedy
are among the labours of this period. The disappoint-
ment of his hopes of a lucrative medical post at Coro-
mandel, and his rejection by the College of Surgeons,
added to the bitterness of his melancholy lot.
The Inquiry into the Present State of Polite Learning
It
in Europe was pub. by Dodsley in April, 1759, 12mo.
appeared without the writer's name, but the authorship
was no secret. Kenrick's savage attack upon the new
work was worthy of the base character of the man.
The
Inquiry was not without merit, though perhaps not entitled
to the unqualified commendation of the learned. To quote
the language of one of the author's late biographers :-
--
"In the present day, when the whole field of contemporary
literature is so widely surveyed and amply discussed, and when
the current productions of every country are constantly collated
and ably criticised, a treatise like that of Goldsmith would be con-
sidered as extremely limited and unsatisfactory; but at that time.
it possessed novelty in its views and wideness in its scope, and,
being indued with the peculiar charm of style inseparable from
the author, it commanded public attention and a profitable sale."
-Irving's Life of Goldsmith.
Goldsmith's next literary undertaking was The Bee, a
weekly periodical, pub. on Saturdays, the first number of
which appeared on the 6th of October, 1759, and the eighth
and last on the 29th of November.
and last on the 29th of November. It possessed excellence
of no ordinary character, but failed to command support.
On the 12th of January, 1760, Mr. Newbery, the famous
publisher of children's books, commenced the publication
of The Public Ledger, and Goldsmith contributed to it his
celebrated Chinese Letters, which were collected and repub.
by Newbery, at the close of 1760, in 2 vols. 12mo, under
the title of The Citizen of the World; or, Letters from a
Chinese Philosopher residing in London, to his friends in
the East. They were commended by the British Magazine
as "light, agreeable summer reading;" and even Kenrick
was forced by Griffiths to make an awkward apology for his
brutal attack on the "Inquiry" and its author, and com-
mended the Chinese Letters in high terms. Some opinions
upon the merits of this work will be found on a later page.
The reputation of his new work caused publishers to seek
the aid of the author in various undertakings, and the
editorship of The Lady's Magazine, contributions to The
British Magazine, prefaces to a number of works, a revision
of a History of Mecklenburg, Newbery's Art of Poetry,
Compendium of Biography, and a Life of Beau Nash, were
among the literary labours that replenished the exhausted
coffers of The Citizen of the World. On the 31st of May,
1761, an event of no ordinary interest occurred to the now
rising author. This was his introduction to Dr. Johnson,
"The Great Cham of Literature," through the good offices
of Dr. Percy, afterwards Bishop of Dromore. The strong
attachment which the lexicographer at once formed for
44
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GOL
GOL
Goldsmith, notwithstanding his faults and foibles, and the '
friendly aid which he afforded him by the disposal of The
Vicar of Wakefield, are pleasing incidents in the lives of
these two truly great men. The noctes ambrosiance of the
Literary Club were now partaken of by Goldsmith, and he
found himself the associate of men whom heretofore he
had long worshipped at a distance. Still busily employed
with his pen, we find him engaged on a revision of a De-
scription of Miller nium Halland of Dr. Brookes's System
of Natural History, additions to the Wonders of Nature
and Art, contributions to The Martial Review or General
History of the late War, to the Critical and Monthly Maga-
zines, prefaces to Universal History and several other
works, and a compilation entitled A History of England,
in a series of Letters from a Nobleman to his Son. This
has passed through many edits. in English, been trans. into
French, and was confidently attributed to Lord Chester-
field, Lord Orrery, and especially to Lord Lyttelton.
Among his many literary projects which were never exe-
cuted may be mentioned one, the title of which interests
us not a little: A Chronological History of the Lives of
Eminent Persons in Great Britain and Ireland. This book
would doubtless have been one of the most charming in
style and inaccurate in statement, one of the most delight-
ful companions and unsafe guides, in the language. It was
to be comprised in two octavo vols. of thirty-five sheets
each, to be paid for at the rate of three guineas a sheet,
and to be furnished in two years. But-for Dodsley well
knew the habits of authors-the publisher stipulated that
he should be subjected to no advance until the work was
completed. This was enough to seal its fate with Goldsmith.
He sent a proposition to Tonson to prepare for him a new
edition of the, works of Pope. Tonson-not always the
most amiable of mortals-returned an impertinent answer,
and the disappointed author vented his indignation by
immediately inflicting a caning upon Tonson's unhappy
!
messenger.
It was in 1764 that the well-known incident just referred
to occurred, an incident so graphically described by Dr.
Johnson himself, 'hat we cannot do better than quote his
own language:
"I received ons morning a message from poor Goldsmith that he
was in great distress, and, as it was not in his power to come to me,
begging that I would come to him as soon as possible. I sent him
a guinea, an'l promised to come to him directly. I accordingly
went as soon as I was dressed, and found that his landlady had
arrested him for his rent, at which he was in a violent passion. I
perceived that he had already changed my guinea, and had got a
bottle of madeira and a glass before him. I put the cork into the
bottle, desired he would be calm, and began to talk to him of the
means by which he might be extricated. He then told me he had
a novel ready for the press, which he produced to me. I looked
into it, and saw its merit; told the landlady I should soon return;
and, having gone to a bookseller, sold it for sixty pounds. I
brought Goldsmith the money, and he discharged his rent, not
without rating his landlady in a high tone for having used him
so ill."-Boswell's Life of Johnson.
On the day of the sale of The Vicar of Wakefield, the
Traveller received the last touches of the author. Johnson
had greater hopes of the success of the poem than of the
novel; he read the proof-sheets, substituted here and there
a line of his own, (only nine verses in all,) and immedi-
ately prepared for it a warm reception, through the medium
of the Critical Review, in a notice of his own composition.
It was published-the first production which bore his
name-December 19, 1764, and dedicated to his brother
Henry, to whom eighty of the last lines in it had been dis-
patched in a letter many years before, when the author
was a "houseless stranger" in a foreign land. The lines
inserted by Johnson were the one which now stands 420th
in the poem, and, omitting the last couplet but one, the
eight concluding lines.
The success of The Traveller was decided and immediate
among the wits, but some time elapsed before it became a
favourite with the public at large. Johnson pronounced
it "a poet to which it would not be easy to find any thing
equal since the days of Pope." The lexicographer read it
aloud to Miss Reynolds, and the lady-who had recently
toasted Goldsmith as the ugliest man of her acquaintance
-declared that she should never again think him ugly.
C
"There is not a bad line in that poem of The Traveller,' said
Langton, as they sat talking at Reynolds's four years after the
poet's death; not one of Dryden's careless verses.' 'I was glad,'
interposed Reynolds, to hear Charles Fox say it was one of the
first poems in the English language. Why was you glad?' re-
joined Langton; you surely had no doubt of this before? No,'
exclaimed Johnson, decisively, the merit of The Traveller is so
well established, that Mr. Fox's praise cannot augment it, nor his
S
censure diminish it.”
Two months after its publication, the St. James's Chro-
nicle, the leading literary paper of the time, remarked:
"The beauties of this poem are so great and variɔus, that wa
cannot but be surprised they have not been able to recommend it
to more general notice."
A month after this notice, a second edition appeared; the
third soon followed, a fourth was issued in August, and the
ninth appeared in the year of the author's death.
We have no evidence that Goldsmith received more than
twenty guineas from the publisher, the elder Newbery. But
the author felt that his reputation was on the ascendant,
and he ventured to leave his own quarters in Wine-Office ·
of the Temple. Johnson paid him a visit shortly after
Court and removed to chambers on the library staircase
wards, and inspected the new apartments rather closely ;
which induced Goldsmith to exclaim, "I shall soon be in
better chambers, sir, than these." "Nay, nay, sir," re-
sponded Johnson; "never mind that: Nil te extra quæsi-
veris extra." Poor Goldsmith! did he remember then the
miseries of Green Arbour Court, which have been so gra-
phically described by Washington Irving in his Tales of a
Traveller? We shall reserve for a later page some com-
mendatory notices of this beautiful poem. In 1765, a
number of his contributions to periodicals were pub. under
the title of Essays by Mr. Goldsmith. Many of them had
long been favourites with the public, (though their author-
ship was not generally known,) had been reprinted many
times, and claimed by several who had no title to them.
This volume paid the author a profit of twenty guineas
only; it however extended his reputation, was traus. into
French, and is still a favourite with the public.
It was at this period, also, that he wrote the beautiful
ballad of Edwin and Angelina.
"Without informing any of us [at the Club] he wrote and ad-
dressed to the Countess, afterwards Duchess of Northumberland,
one of the first poems of the lyric kind that our language has to
boast of."-SIR JOHN HAWKINS.
Whether Goldsmith was really the author of a famous
biography which appeared in this year, of less pretensions,
but equal notoriety, with The Hermit,—the story of Goody
Two Shoes, we shall not pause to discuss.
Towards the close of this year he received from Newbery
the respectable sum-judging by his former receipts-of
sixty guineas for A Survey of Experimental Philosophy
considered in its Present State of Improvement. He was
engaged in the completion of this work in the year of his
death, and it was pub. in 1776, 2 vols. 8vo. It should not
be forgotten that at this period he essayed for a brief
season to resume the practice of physic; but the experi-
ment proved both unprofitable and unpalatable, and was
soon abandoned. At last appeared, March 27, 1766,
eighteen months after its memorable sale to Newbery the
younger, the novel of The Vicar of Wakefield. The wits
and critics were this time behind the public in their accla-
mations. In about two months a second edition was de-
manded; three months later the third appeared, and the
sixth was pub. in the year of the author's death. This
charming tale will be noticed more at large on a subsequent
page. We have now reached a point in the literary history
of Goldsmith when we may be permitted to take a rapid
survey of the labours which employed his pen from the
time of the publication of the Vicar of Wakefield until
his death. For detailed information concerning these
publications and their author, we must refer the reader to
the sources to which every biographer of Goldsmith must
acknowledge his obligations-the biographies of Percy,
Brydges, Mitford, Scott, Prior, Forster, and Irving.
1766 Poems for Young Ladies, 12mo.
"A respectable selection of pieces, chiefly from Parnell, Pope,
Thomson, Addison, and Collins, with additions of less importance
from less eminent hands, and some of the occasional verses of his
friend Robert Nugent.”
For this compilation he received ten guineas; and for
writing a "Short English Grammar" had but half that sum.
1767: Beauties of English Poesy, 2 vols. 12mo.
appeared two pieces,-The Ladle and Hans Carvel,-
In this selection, for which he received fifty pounds,
which were not of a character to promote the general
circulation of the work.
1768: The Good-Natured Man; a Comedy, 8vo. This
was not successful on the stage, but sold so well that the
whole of the first edition was taken on the second day.
The author's profits on the stage and by its sale amounted
to about £500.
•
"His two admirable Comedies of 'The Good-Natured Man' and
'She Stoops to Conquer' are the greenest spots in the Dramatic
waste of the period of which we are speaking. They are worthy
of the author of The Vicar of Wakefield,' and to praise them more
highly is impossible. Wit without licentiousness; Humour with-
out extravagance; brilliant and elegant dialogue; and forcible but
natural delineation of character, are the excellences with which
his pages are prodigally strewn."-Henry Neele's Lects. on Eng
¦ Dramut. Poet.
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"The best, as we think, of his dramatic efforts.”—PROF. BUTLER :
Gallery of must. Irishmen: Dubl. Univ. Mag., vii. 38.
"Though a work written for bread, not fame, such is its ease,
perspicuity, good sense, and the delightful simplicity of its style,
that it was well received by the critics, commanded a prompt and
extensive sale, and has ever since remained in the hands of young
and old."-Irving's Life of Goldsmith.
1769 Roman History, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Sir, it is the great excellence of a writer to put into his book
as much as his book will hold. Goldsmith has done this in his
history..
treat:
.. Goldsmith's abridgment is better than that of Lucius
Floras or Eutropius; and I will venture to say, that if you com-
pare him with Vertot, in the same places of the Roman History,
you will find that he excels Vertot. Sir, he has the art of com-
piling and of saying every thing he has to say in a pleasing man-
ner."-DR. JOHNSON: Boswell's Life.
"Goldsmith's Abridgements of the History of Rome and England
may here be noticed. They are eminently well calculated to intro-
duce youth to the knowledge of their studies; for they exhibit the
most interesting and striking events, without entering into con-
troversy or dry detail.”—Sir Walter Scott's Life of Goldsmith.
“Goldsmith's brief and enchanting epitome of Roman History."
-CHANCELLOR KENT.
"Intended for the perusal of the young, and certainly written
in an interesting manner. but almost always superficial and fre-
quently inaccurate."-N. Amer. Rev.
Of the author's abridgment of his History of Rome
there have been edits. edited by Coxe, Davis, Dymock,
Pinnock, Simpson, &c. It was in this year that he con-
tracted with Griffin for his Natural History, or the His-
tory of the Earth and Animated Nature. See years 1772
and 1774.
1770 Life of Dr. Parnell, prefixed to an edit. of his
poems pub. in this year, Svo.
"Goldsmith's Life of Parnell is poor: not that it is poorly
written, but that he had poor materials; for nobody can write the
life of a man but those who have eat and drunk and lived in
social intercourse with him."-Dr. Johnson: Boswell's Life.
Life of Lord Bolingbroke, originally prefixed to his
Dissert. on Parties, repub. in this year, Svo; afterwards to
Bolingbroke's Works. It was in this year that Goldsmith
accompanied Mrs. Horneck and her two beautiful daugh-
ters-Little Comedy and the Jessamy Bride-to France.
He was now in the height of his reputation,-for two
months before he left London the town was thrown into
raptures by the publication of The Deserted Village, a
Poem, 4to. The 1st edit., pub. May 6, was immediately
exhausted, and by the 16th of August the 5th edit. was
pub. Previous to its publication the author received from
the publisher a note for the price agreed upon,-one hun-
dred guineas. A friend remarked to Goldsmith that it
was a great price (five shillings a couplet) for so small a
poem:
"In truth," said Goldsmith, "I think so too; it is much more
than the honest man can afford, or the piece is worth. I have
not been easy since I received it."
He therefore returned the note to the publisher, and
desired him to pay him when it should be ascertained
what the poem was worth.
We shall reserve the citation of opinions upon this poem
-criticism is hardly a proper word for (with one exception)
unmixed and enthusiastic eulogy-for a later page.
But we must here refer the reader to Prior's Life of
Goldsmith and Howitt's Homes and Haunts of Eminent
British Poets for graphic descriptions of The Deserted
Village-Lissoy-and to the article from a London peri-
odical, on the same attractive theme, quoted in Irving's
Life of Goldsmith. In the London Gentleman's Maga-
zine for June, 1838, pp. 592, 593, will be found an
nious argument, by Mr. John Cunnington, in which it is
asserted that Springfield, near Chelmsford, England, (and
not Lissoy, in Ireland,) is entitled to the honours which
pertain to the far-famed Deserted Village of Goldsmith.
We must not fail to commend that beautiful volume,
The Deserted Village, illustrated by SO designs by the
Etching Club, Lon., 1841, imp. Svo, £5 58.; colombier 4to,
£5 58.; portfolio; colombier fol., £10 10s.; proofs, £13 138.
This is generally considered the chef-d'œuvre of the Etch-
ing Club. It is the united production of some of the most
eminent artists of the day, including Webster, Redgrave,
Creswick, Cope, J. Bell, Horsley, F. Tayler, Townsend,
and C. Stonehouse.
delightful piece of humour, or a more finished piece of style, has
probably been seldom written."-FORSTER: Life of Goldsmith.
"No poem in the language perhaps holds out so many opportu
nities to the artist. The exquisite little gems with which it is so
thickly studded are all wrought out in a spirit of graceful poetry
worthy of the genius of GOLDSMITH, and, by the beauty and deli-
cacy of their execution, carry us back to the olden time,' when
the greatest luminaries of Painting were also the first among the
ETCHERS."
•
"Some of the lines pleasantly set forth the embarrassment
caused by the appearance of such an aristocratic delicacy in the
humble kitchen of a poet, accustomed to look up to mutton as a
1771: The Haunch of Venison; a Poem, Svo. This was
a poetical epistle, acknowledging the receipt of a Haunch
of Venison from Lord Clare, with whom Goldsmith spent
some time in the country.
•
Written with no bigher aim than mere pleasantry; a more
"""
'Thanks, my lord, for your venison, for finer or fatter
Never rang`d in a forest, or smok'd in a platter.'
WASHINGTON IRVING: Life of Goldsmith.
History of England from the earliest times to the Death
of George II., 1771, 4 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1774, 4 vols. 8vo.
Abridgt., 1774, 8vo. This is an acknowledged compila-
tion from Rapin, Carte, Smollett, and Hume,-
666
Each of whom," says Goldsmith. in the preface. "have their
admirers, in proportion as the reader is studious of political anti
quities, fond of minute anecdote, a warm partisan, or a deliberate
reasoner."
The Whigs of course detected a smack of Tory doctrine
in the new History, and charged the compiler with be-
traying the liberties of the people. Goldsmith's defence
against the attack is very characteristic of the man,—may
we not say characteristic of an author?
"I had no thought for or against liberty in my head; my whole
aim being to make up a book of a decent size, and which, as
Squire Richard says, would do harm to nobody."-Goldsmith's
Letter to Langton.
"The history on the whole, however, was well received; some
of the critics declared that English History had never before been
so usefully, so elegantly and agreeably epitomized; and. like his
other historical writings,' it has kept its ground in English lite
rature.”—WASHINGTON IRVING: Life of Goldsmith.
"As a historian Goldsmith accomplishes all at which he aims.
He does not promise much. but he does more than he promises.
Ile takes, it is true, facts which had been already collected, but
he shapes them with an art that is all his own."-HENRY GILES:
Lectures and Essays.
See Boswell's Life of Johnson for the lexicographer's
comparison between Robertson and Goldsmith as histo-
rians. For this work Davies paid Goldsmith £500. Of
this history there have been numerous eds. and abridgts.,
Coxe, Davis, Dymock, Kenny, Pinnock, Simpson, Stew-
edited by Coote, Lynam, Morell, Rose, Wright, Bigland,
·
Cumberland must tell his own story, which, whether
exaggerated or true to nature, is told with admirable
effect:
"We were not over-sanguine of success. but perfectly determined
inge-strength at the Shakspeare Tavern, in a considerable body, for an
to struggle hard for our author. We accordingly assembled our
early dinner, where Samuel Johnson took the chair at the bead
of a long table, and was the life and soul of the corps. The poet
took post silently by his side, with the Burkes, Sir Joshua Rey-
nolds. Fitzherbert, Caleb Whiteford, and a phalanx of North
British, predetermined applauders, under the banner of Major
Mills, all good men and true. Our illustrious president was in
inimitable glee; and poor Goldsmith that day took all his raillery
as patiently and complacently as my friend Boswell would have
done any day or every day of his life. In the mean time, we did
not forget our duty; and though we had a better comedy going,
in which Johnson was chief actor, we betook ourselves in good
drawing up of the curtain. As our stations were preconcerted, so
time to our separate and allotted posts, and waited the awful
were our signals for plaudits arranged and determined upon in a
manner that gave every one his cue where to look for them and
how to follow them up.
art, &c.
1772: In this year he was employed upon his History
of the Earth and Animated Nature, (Natural History, as
it is sometimes called,) for which he had contracted with
Griffin in 1769,-S vols. at 100 guineas per vol. The work
was commenced in 1769, but not prosecuted systematically.
It was not finished and pub. until 1774. It was in this
year also that he wrote the latest of the Essays in the
collection which now bears that title; and at this period
he abridged his Roman History, and wrote portions of a
tale for Newbery but rejected by him, intended to be of
the same character as The Vicar of Wakefield.
For an
account of the announcement in Paris of Histoire de
François Wills, see the biographies of Goldsmith.
1773: She Stoops to Conquer; or, The Mistakes of a
Night, Svo. The plot of this play and the incident upon
which it is founded are so well known that we shall not
repeat them. And who can forget Richard Cumberland's
graphic account of the first performance and that laugh-
ing Adam Drummond, who had almost ruined the whole
affair?
"We had among us a very worthy and efficient member, long
since lost to his friends and the world at large, Adam Drummond,
of amiable memory, who was gifted by nature with the most
sonorous and at the same time the most contagious laugh that
ever echoed from the human lungs. The neighing of the horse
of the son of Hystaspes was a whisper to it; the whole thunder
of the theatre could not drown it. This kind and ingenuous
friend fairly forewarned us that he knew no more when to give
his fire than the cannon did that was planted on a battery, lle
desired, therefore, to have a flapper at his elbow, and I had the
honour to be deputed to that cffice. I planted him in an upper
box, pretty nearly over the stage, in full view of the pit and gai
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eries, and perfectly well situated to give the echo all its play
through the hollows and recesses of the theatre. The success of
our manœuvre was complete. All eyes were upon Johnson, who
sat in a front row of a side box; and when he laughed, everybody
thought themselves warranted to roar. In the mean time, my
friend followed signals with a rattle so irresistibly comic, that
when he had repeated it several times, the attention of the specta-
tors was so engrossed by his person and performances, that the
progress of the play seemed likely to become a secondary object,
and I found it prudent to insinuate to him that he might halt his
music without any prejudice to the author. But alas! it was now
too late to rein him in; he had laughed upon my signal where he
found no joke, and now, unluckily, he fancied that he found a
joke in almost every thing that was said; so that nothing in na-
ture could be more mal-apropos than some of his bursts every now
and then were. These were dangerous moments, for the pit began
to take umbrage: but we carried our point through, and triumphed
not only over Colman's judgment, but our own."
The illustrious president of this band of Goldsmith's
friends-Samuel Johnson-thus records his judgment on
She Stoops to Conquer:
I know of no comedy for many years that has so much exhila-
rated an audience; that has answered so much the great end of
Comedy, making an audience merry."
Davies remarks that the success of this piece
Revived fancy, wit, gayety, humour, incident and character,
In the place of sentiment and moral preachment.”
Davies is too honest to pretend that "the theatre is the
school of morals," as is often foolishly asserted. Undoubt-
edly the modern stage is most emphatically the school of
vice, and we see not how it can consistently be counte-
nanced by those who pretend to a regard for morals, or
even ordinary decency. But upon this theme we have
already discoursed at large in our life of Jeremy Collier, q. v.
But we had almost forgotten to cite an extract referring
to this comedy from a letter of Dr. Johnson to the late
Bishop White, for many years the venerable diocesan of
the Episcopal Church in the State of Pennsylvania:
::
Dr. Goldsmith has a new comedy in rehearsal at Covent Gar-
den, to which the manager [Colman] predicts ill success. I hope
he will be mistaken. I think it deserves a kind reception."-To
the Rev. Mr. White, [at Philadelphia,] March 4, 1773.
And this extract very naturally reminds us of Bishop
(the Rev. Mr.) White's visit to Goldsmith in 1770. Many
a fellow-citizen of our own will thank us for the good
Bishop's account of this memorable visit; and we shall not
withhold it:
"We lodged, for some time, near to one another, in Brick Court,
of the Temple. I had it intimated to him, by an acquaintance of
both, that I wished for the pleasure of making him a visit. It
ensued; and in our conversation it took a turn which excited in
me a painful sensation, from the circumstance that a man of such
a genius should write for bread. His 'Deserted Village' came
under notice; and some remarks were made by us on the principle
of it-the decay of the peasantry. He said, that were he to write
a pamphlet on the subject, he could prove the point incontro-
vertibly. On his being asked why he did not set his mind to this,
his answer was: 'It is not worth my while. A good poem will
bring me one hundred guineas; but the pamphlet would bring
me nothing.' This was a short time before my leaving of
land, and I saw the Doctor no more.”
We need hardly say that the Bishop's reminiscences of
Johnson are also exceedingly interesting.
But our readers will fear that we have entirely lost
sight of She Stoops to Conquer:
The dramatic powers of Goldsmith-for a restricted space
warns us to leave a too seductive topic-were not perhaps of the
very highest order. Yet his plays are a valuable accession to our
stage literature. They do not fall below Cumberland or Cibber in
plot or character, while they surpass the former in liveliness of
humour, and the latter in preservation of decorum."-PROF. BUT-
LER: Gallery of Illust. Irishmen, Dubl. Univ. Mag., vii. 47.
6.
The plot turns on what may be termed a farcical incident-two
parties mistaking a gentleman's house for an inn. But the ex-
cellent discrimination of character, and the humour and vivacity
of the dialogue throughout the play, render this piece one of the
richest contributions which have been made to modern comedy.
The native pleasantry and originality of Goldsmith were never
more happily displayed."
"As a dramatist, Goldsmith is amusing; and if to excite laugh-
ter be, as Johnson asserts it is, the chief end of comedy, Goldsmith
attains it. His plots. however. are extravagant, and his personages
are oddities rather than characters. Goldsmith's plays want the
contrivance which belongs to highest art; but they have all those
ingenious accidents that are notable for stage effect. They are,
in fact, deficient in that insight which pertains only to great dra-
matic genius.... Both of them [The Good-Natured Man and She
Stoops to Conquer] abound in drollery and strong touches of na-
ture; but they do not give the author an exalted position among
dramatists, and they do not promise that he could have reached
it.”—HENRY GILES: Lectures and Essays.
1774: Grecian History, from the earliest State to the
Death of Alexander the Great, 2 vols. Svo.
See also the criticisms under the head of The Good
Natured Man, year 1768. She Stoops to Conquer pro-
duced to the happy author a clear profit of no less than
£800. In this year he projected the compilation of a
Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, which was never exe-
cuted. Cradock tells us that Goldsmith's Introduction to
it was excellent.
"A most desirable abridgment, and may be put most safely inte
young persons' hands: combining beauty and ability, and so at-
tractive as to hold children from their play."
"This work, although elegantly written, and highly calculated
to attract and interest young readers, enters into no critical dis-
cussion of disputed points, and is superficial and inaccurate.”
"It would be unjust to estimate Goldsmith by the History of
Greece."-T. B. MACAULAY: see GLEIG, George Robert.
This work has been abridged, and many edits. have
appeared, edited by Coxe, Dymock, Pinnock, Prince,
Simpson, &c.
Retaliation; a Poem: including Epitaphs on the most
distinguished Wits of the Metropolis, with explanatory
Observations, 4to. Reprinted with other pieces of the
author, 1777, 4to. A number of mock epitaphs had been
composed on Goldsmith, and Garrick's is preserved:
and the chief defect of the work arises from its being a mere com-
"The descriptions and definitions are often loose and inaccurate,
and the chief defect of the work arises from its being a mere coun-
pilation from books. It has therefore none of the freshness of
personal observation; nothing which awakens the curiosity and
inspires the confidence of the reader, as in the delightful pages of
White. Montague, or Rennie."-JOHN MITFORD: Life of Goldsmith,
Yet Mr. Mitford commends the work highly for the
beauty of its style and justness of the occasional reflec-
tions with which its pages are interspersed. Another
biographer, whilst freely admitting the defects of this
work, remarks:
"There are yet many passages of exquisite country observation in
it; and not a few in which the grace of diction, the choice of perfect
and finely-finished imagery, and an elegant clearness and beauty
in the tone of reflection, may compare with his best original com-
Eng-positions, in poetry or prose."-JOHN FORSTER: Life of Goldsmith.
"Goldsmith composed this work out of Buffon and others, in a
manner both amusing and instructive, although the scientific
acquirements of the author were not sufficient to guard bint
against numerous errors."
6.
He died in the midst of a triumphant course. Every year
that he lived would have added to his reputation. There is assu
redly no symptom of decadence in the picturesque pages of his last
work, the History of Animated Nature: a book which, not pos
sessing indeed the character of authority only to be granted to
faithful reports of personal observation. is yet unequalled for clear-
ness of expression, and all the charms of a most graceful style.
Northcote tell us that he had just begun a novel before his death;
and a second Vicar of Wakefield may have been buried in the tomb
of Goldsmith.”—Prof. BUTLER: Gallery of Illust. Irishmen : Gold-
smith: Dubl. Univ. Mog. vii. 53.
Of the Animated Nature, the 2d edit. was pub. in 1779,
8 vols. Svo. New edit., 1791, 8 vols. 12mo; 1804, 4 vols.
8vo; 1806, 6 vols. 8vo. With corrects. and addits. by W.
Turton, M.D., 1816, 6 vols. Svo. Natural History of Birds
and Beasts abridged, 1807, 12mo; 1807, 8vo; 1838, 4 vols.
24mo; 1850, 2 vols. r. 8vo; 1850, 18mo. Other eds.
"Here lies poor Goldsmith, for shortness called Noll,
Who wrote like an angel but talk'd like Poor Poll."
Goldsmith was called on for Retaliation, and he took it.
"Retaliation had the effect of placing the author on a more equal
footing with his society than he had ever before assumed."-SIR
WALTER SCOTT.
The portraits of Garrick and Reynolds in this poem have
excited especial admiration.
History of the Earth and Animated Nature, S vols. Svo.
"It is to science what his abridgements are to history; a book
which indicates no depth of research or accuracy of information,
but which presents to the ordinary reader a general and interest-
ing view of the subject. couched in the clearest and most beautiful
language, and abounding with excellent reflections and illustra-
tions. It was of this work that Johnson threw out the remark
which he afterwards interwove in his friend's epitaph.- ' He is now
writing a Natural History, and will make it as agreeable as a Per-
sian tale.'"-SIR WALTER SCOTT.
"I remember him, when. in his chamber in the Temple, he showed
the beginning of bis Animated Nature, it was with a sigh, such as
genius draws when hard necessity diverts it from its bent to drudge
for bread, and talk of birds and beasts and creeping things, which
Piddock's showman would have done as well. Poor fellow! he
hardly knew an ass from a mule. nor a turkey from a goose, but
when he saw it on the table. But publishers hate poetry, and
Paternoster Row is not Parnassus."-Richard Cumberland's Me
moirs.
The last quotation will have prepared the reader for the
closing scenes of Goldsmith's life. He was at the Edgeware
Cottage when he put the last touches to his Animated Na-
ture; and here also he was completing the Grecian History,
making another Abridgment of English History for schools,
translating Scarron's Comic Romance, revising for James
Dodsley (for the sum of five guineas) a new edit. of his
Inquiry into Polite Learning, finishing his Survey of Ex-
perimental Philosophy, and writing his poem of Retaliation.
In the middle of March he arrived in London, labouring
under severe indisposition produced by sedentary habits,
and "continual vexation of mind, arising from his involved
circumstances." On the afternoon of the 25th he tool: to
his bed; but, instead of following judicious counsel, per-
sisted, against the advice of his physician, in swallow.ng
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iarge doses of James's Powders, which greatly aggravated
his disorder. "Towards the last it occurred to Doctor
Turton to put a very pregnant question to his patient.
"Your pulse,' he said, 'is in greater disorder than it should
be, from the degree of fever which you have. Is your
mind at ease?' 'No, it is not,' was Goldsmith's melancholy
answer. They are the last words we are to hear him utter
in this world."
And now that death had forever removed from his
familiar haunts this simple-hearted, affectionate man,-now
that those who had rudely sported with his harmless
eccentricities, and often made him the "butt of their
clumsy ridicule," felt that they should see his face no
more forever, there was unaffected grief, and hearty, per-
chance profitable, contrition. Nor did such alone mourn
him the glory of his age and of the English nation, the
most illustrious statesman and orator of his day, burst
into tears when he heard the sad news.
The messenger
of death found Sir Joshua Reynolds in that studio from
whence had emanated so many exquisite conceptions of
the painter's genius:-but the mournful tidings took his
heart from his work; he felt that his "hand had lost its
cunning," laid by his pencil-"which in times of great
family distress" he had not been known to do-and left the
room for the day.
And there were mourners, too, of a different rank of life
indeed, but those whose lamentations were as sincere, and
their grief as beartfelt; those in whose sorrow for their
departed benefactor there is in our eyes a value of no ordi-
nary worth, as in their prayers for the living there is a
peculiar benediction. When the poor and the needy, the
outcast and the forsaken, the "ruined spendthrift" and
the "aged beggar," heard that he who had out of his own
poverty ministered to their necessities should greet them
no more with the voice of kindness and the word and deed
of consolation and relief, they forgot the awful distance
which ordinarily excluded them from the presence of the
great, and crowded their way to his humble lodgings, re-
gardless of the presence of fashionable friends who had
come to take their "last look at poor Goldsmith.”
1
On the stairs of his apartment there was the lamentation of
the old and infirm, and the sobbing of women; poor objects of his
charity, to whom he had never turned a deaf ear, even when
struggling himself with poverty.... Mourners without a home,
without domesticity of any kind, with no friend but him they had
come to weep for; outcasts of that great, solitary, wicked city, to
whom he had never forgotten to be kind and charitable."
And the beautiful Jessamy Bride, whom perhaps poor
Goldsmith loved more than he ever loved any other
woman, whose image was associated with his happiest
days on earth,-she was not absent at this hour; the coffin
was opened at her request; and she bore away a lock of
his hair, which "she treasured to her dying day."
7:9
"I was abroad at the time of his death,' writes Dr. McDonnell,
a youth whom when in distress he had employed as an amanuen-
sis, and I wept bitterly when the intelligence first reached me.
A blank came over my heart as if I had lost one of my nearest rela-
tives, and was followed for some days by a feeling of despondency.'
"Of poor dear Goldsmith,' writes Johnson, three months after
the event, there is little to be told more than the papers have
made public. He died of a fever, made. I am afraid, more violent
by uneasiness of mind. His debts began to be heavy, and all his
resources were exhausted. Sir Joshua is of opinion that he owed
not less than two thousand pounds. Was ever poet so trusted
before?" "
(
The unhappy state of his affairs, thus alluded to, pre-
vented that pompous funeral with which his friends pro-
posed to testify their admiration of his genius and regret
for his loss.
He was privately interred in the burial-ground of the
Temple Church; but his monument in Westminster Abbey,
dignified by the celebrated epitaph of Johnson, and not
unworthy of the pen of the disciple of Sir Thomas Browne,
arrests the steps of the contemplative stranger as he lin-
gers in the aisles of the departed great. To that epitaph
who would not be willing to add the emphatic testimony
of its author to the genius of its subject?-"Let not his
faults be remembered: he was a very great man.'
">
And now, in the calm review of the chequered life of the
author of the Traveller and the Deserted Village, his happy
childhood, his youth of suffering, his manhood of alternate
triumphs and mortifications, his last days of embarrass-
ment and trial, and his lonely death among strangers, un-
attended by one friend of his early years, who can refuse
the tribute of a tear to the touching lines in which the
stranger and pilgrim on the earth had breathed out his
carnest desire to die amidst the scenes of his childhood?
"In all my wand'rings round this world of care,
In all my griefs-and God has giv'n my share-
I still had hopes my latest hours to crown,
Amidst these humble bow'rs to lay me down;
To husband out life's taper at the close,
And keep the flame from wasting, by repose:
I still had hopes. for pride attends us still,
Amidst the swains to show my book-learn’d skill,
Around my fire an ev'ning group to draw,
And tell of all I felt, and all I saw;
And, as a hare whom hounds and horns pursue
Pants to the place from whence at first she flew,
I still had hopes, my long vexations past,
Here to return-and die at home at last!"
We still have much to tell of Goldsmith,-many illus-
trations of his eccentricities, many anecdotes of his sim-
plicity; many evidences of his benevolence of heart; but
we have already extended his biography until, like Robin
in the churchyard, we are afraid to look behind us, and
compute the space. But let those who would find fault
with us for dwelling so long on Oliver Goldsmith turn at
once to the political economy, the commerce, the meta-
physics, of our volume. They are not at home here: to
quote Dr. Johnson's character of his Lichfield friend, their
"talk is of bullocks." And, now that we have banished
from our little company those who cannot sympathize with
the enthusiasm of which we are not ashamed and for which
therefore we offer no excuse, let us return to the contempla-
tion of a character which we cannot but warmly love, even
whilst unable at all times to commend.
The faults of Goldsmith, like the faults of other men, are
neither to be denied nor excused. His improvidence, his
fondness for games of chance, and his want of high moral
and religious tone, are deeply to be deplored; but that
genuine and ever-flowing benevolence of heart which few
have equalled, and perhaps none excelled, calls for our
unmixed admiration and hearty esteem. Of this amiable
trait we could produce many instances;-taking the blankets
from his own bed to cover a poor woman and her helpless
children; leaving a gay party in the midst of his amuse-
ments, or his bed in the dead of night to relieve a poor
creature in the street; pouring out his hard-earned pro-
fits like water to supply destitute authors with the comforts
of life; spending the wages of an usher's servitude in gin-
gerbread for the children and alms for those who lacked
bread; but we must be content with the touching narra-
tive of one scene, which George Colman has himself told
so well that we shall not attempt to tell it for him :
"I was only five years old when Goldsmith took me on his knee,
while he was drinking coffee, one evening, with my father, and
began to play with me; which amiable act I returned with the
ingratitude of a peevish brat, by giving him a very smart slap on
the face it must have been a tingler, for it left the marks of my
little spiteful paw upon his cheek. This infantile outrage was
followed by summary justice, and I was locked up by my indig-
nant father in an adjoining room. to undergo solitary imprison
ment in the dark. Here I began to howl and scream most
abominably; which was no bad step towards liberation, since
those who were not inclined to pity me might be likely to set me
free, for the purpose of abating a nuisance.
"At length a generous friend appeared to extricate me from
jeopardy, and that generous friend was no other than the man I
had so wantonly molested by assault and battery.-it was the
tender-hearted doctor himself, with a lighted candle in his hand,
and a smile upon his countenance, which was still partially red
from the effects of my petulance. I sulked and sobbed, and he
fondled and soothed, till I began to brighten. Goldsmith, who
in regard to children was like the Village Preacher he has so
beautifully described,—for
"Their welfare pleased him, and their cares distressed,'-
seized the propitious moment of returning good-humour: so he
put down the candle and began to conjure. He placed three hats,
which happened to be in the room, upon the carpet, and a shilling
Spain. Hey, presto, cockolorum!' cried the doctor, and, lo! on
under each the shillings, he told me, were England, France, and
•
uncovering the shillings which had been dispersed, each beneath
a separate hat, they were all found congregated under one. I was
no politician at five years old, and, therefore, might not have
wondered at the sudden revolution which brought England,
conjurer, it amazed me beyond measure.
France. and Spain, all under one crown; but, as I was also no
Astonishment might
have amounted to awe for one who appeared to me gifted with the
power of performing miracles, if the good-nature of the man had
not obviated my dread of the magician; but, from that time
whenever the doctor came to visit my father,
'I pluck'd his gown to share the good man's smile;'
<
a game at romps constantly ensued, and we were always cordia.
varied somewhat in point of sports as I grew older, but it did not
friends and merry playfellows. Our unequal companionship
last long; my senior playmate died, alas! in his forty-fifth year,
some months after I had attained my eleventh. His death, it has
been thought, was hastened by mental inquietude.' if this
supposition be true, never did the turmoils of lite subdue a mind
more warm with sympathy for the misfortunes of our fellow-crea-
tures. But his character is familiar to every one who reads: in
all the numerous accounts of his virtues and foibles, his genius
and absurdities, his knowledge of nature and his ignorance of the
world, his compassion for another's woe' was always predomi
nant; and my trivial story of his humouring a froward child
weighs but a feather in the recorded scale of his benevolence."
•
We should hardly feel that our duty as a biographer
693
GOL
GOL
was entirely fulfilled did we omit to allude rather more
fully than we have yet done to poor Goldsmith's ineffectual
efforts to shine as a star of the first magnitude in that
brilliant galaxy of conversationists which could at the
same moment boast of a Johnson, a Burke, a Reynolds, a
Beauclerc, and a Langton. Many amusing anecdotes of
Goldsmith's colloquial essays-not always unrewarded
with success—will be found in Boswell's Life of Johnson,
and in other works which shall be cited before we con-
clude our notice.
6
+
Of our friend Goldsmith be [Johnson] said. 'Sir, he is so much
afraid of being unnoticed, that he often talks merely lest you
should forget that he is in the company.' BOSWELL: · Yes, he
stands forward.' JOHNSON: True, sir, but if a man is to stand
forward, he should wish to do it not in an awkward posture, not
in rags, not so as that he shall be exposed to ridicule. BOSWELL:
For my part, I like very well to hear honest Goldsmith talk
away carelessly. JOHNSON: Why, yes, sir, but he should not
like to hear himself. The misfortune of Goldsmith's conversa-
tion is this: he goes on without knowing how he is to get off.
His genius is great, but his knowledge is small. As they say of a
generous man, it is a pity he is not rich, we may say of Goldsmith,
it is a pity he is not knowing. He would not keep his knowledge
to himself. . . . Sir, he knows nothing. he has made up his mind
about nothing. No man was more foolish when he had not a
pen in his hand, or more wise when he had. . . . Goldsmith
should not be forever attempting to shine in conversation: he has
not temper for it. he is so much mortified when he fails. Sir, a
game of jokes is composed partly of skill, partly of chance, as a
man may be beat at times by one who has not the tenth part of
his wit. Now Goldsmith's putting himself against another, is
like a man laying a hundred to one who cannot spare the hun-
dred. It is not worth a man's while.'"
•
Boswell gives us a characteristic illustration of the
candid manner in which Goldsmith would let the company
know what was passing in his mind:
•
"Goldsmith, in his diverting simplicity, complained one day;
in a mixed company, of Lord Camden:- I met him,' said he, at
Lord Clare's house in the country, and he took no more notice of
me than if I had been an ordinary man.""
The laugh which Burke raised at his expense on the occa-
tion of the visit of some foreign ladies to London is an-
other proof that the popular poet, the charming novelist,
the successful dramatist, and the witty essayist, was not
disposed to underrate his claims to public admiration.
It is natural to wish to know something of the personal
appearance and social manners of those in whose works
or character we take an interest:
•
•
:
"In person," says Judge Day, he was short, about five feet five
or six inches; strong. but not heavy, in make: rather fair in com-
plexion, with brown hair; such, at least, as could be distinguished
from his wig. His features were plain, but not repulsive,-cer-
tainly not so when lighted up by conversation. His manners
were simple, natural, and perhaps on the whole, we may say, not
polished; at least without the refinement and good breeding
which the exquisite polish of his compositions would lead us to
expect He was always cheerful and animated, often. indeed,
boisterous in his mirth; entered with spirit into convivial society;
contributed largely to its enjoyments by solidity of information,
and the naïveté and originality of his character; talked often
without premeditation, and laughed loudly without restraint."
But we promised to gratify the reader with the citations
of some opinions, in addition to the many which we have
already recorded, respecting the merits of several of
smith's most admired works, and his general characteristics
as a writer. This promise it now becomes us to fulfil.
THE VICAR OF WAKEFIELD:
<<
Now Herder came, and together with his great knowledge
brought many other aids, and the later publications besides.
Among these he announced to us the Vicar of Wakefield' as an
excellent work, with the German translation of which he would
make us acquainted by reading it aloud to us himself. . . . The
delineation of this character [that of the 'excellent Wakefield']
on his course of life through joys and sorrows, the ever-increasing
interest of the story, by the combination of the entirely natural
with the strange and the singular, make this novel one of the
best which has ever been written.
I may suppose that my
readers know this work, and have it in memory: whoever hears
it named for the first time here, as well as he who is induced to
read it again, will thank me."-GOETHE: Truth and Poetry; from
My Own Life, English trans.
·
The great German dwells at length upon the merits of
the work, but we must be content with our brief quota-
tion. He
Declared in his eighty-first year that it was his delight at the
age of twenty, that it had in a manner formed a part of his educa-
tion, influencing his taste and feelings throughout life, and that
he had recently read it again from beginning to end, with re-
newed delight, and with a grateful sense of the early benefit de-
rived from it.”
This testimony will remind the reader of the eloquent
tribute of the Great Magician of the North:
<
author who contrives so well to reconcile us to human nature."-
SIR WALTER SCOTT: Life of Goldsmith.
The humanity of the Vicar of Wakefield is less deep than that
of Roderick Random, but sweeter tinges of fancy are cast over it.
The sphere in which Goldsmith's power moved was never very ex-
tensive, but within it he discovered all that was good, and shed
on it the tenderest lights of his sympathizing genius. No one
ever excelled so much as he in depicting amiable follies and en-
love all that he so tenderly ridicules. The good Vicar's trust in
dearing weaknesses. His satire makes us at once smile at and
Monogamy, his son's purchase of the spectacles, his own sale of
his horse to his solemn admirer at the fair, the blameless vanities
of his daughters, and his resignation under his accumulated sor-
rows, are among the best treasures of memory. The pastoral
scenes in this exquisite tale are the sweetest in the world. The
scents of the bay-field and of the blossoming bedge-rows seem to
come freshly to our senses. The whole romance is a tenderly-
coloured picture. in little, of human nature's most genial quali-
ties."-SIR T. N. TALFOURD: Miscell. Writings.
His Vicar of Wakefield has charmed all Europe. What reader
is there in the civilized world who is not the better for the story
of the washes which the worthy Dr. Primrose demolished so de
Gold-liberately with the poker-for the knowledge of the guinea which
the Miss Primroses kept unchanged in their pockets.--the adven-
ture of the picture of the Vicar's family, which would not be got
into the house,—and that of the Flamborough family, all painted
with oranges in their hands, or for the story of the case of
shagreen spectacles and the cosmogony ?"-HAZLITT: Lectures on
the English Poets.
"The admirable case and grace of the narrative, as well as the
pleasing truth with which the principal characters are designed.
make the Vicar of Wakefield one of the most delicious morsels of
fictitious composition on which the human mind was ever em-
ployed.... We read the Vicar of Wakefield in youth and in age:
we return to it again and again, and bless the memory of an
634
"It is needless to expatiate upon the qualities of a work which
has thus passed from country to country, and language to lan-
guage, until it is now known throughout the whole reading
world, and is become a household book in every land. The secret
of its universal and enduring popularity is undoubtedly its truth
to nature, but to nature of the most amiable kind; to nature such
as Goldsmith saw it. . . . Rogers, the Nestor of British literature,
whose refined purity of taste and exquisite mental organization
rendered him eminently calculated to appreciate a work of the
kind. declared that of all the books, which, through the fitful
changes of three generations he had seen rise and fall, the charm
of the Vicar of Wakefield had alone continued as at first; and
could he revisit the world after an interval of many more genera-
tions, he should as surely look to find it undiminished."-WASH-
INGTON IRVING: Life of Goldsmith.
We give some opinions from other biographers and ad-
mirers of Goldsmith :
"Fortunately he had just finished his delightful history of the
Vicar of Wakefield; a tale which. if I may without presumption
style, truth of circumstance, adherence to nature, easy change of
speak my own opinion, I should for sweetness and simplicity of
incident, bright and clear delineation of character. apart from all
violent exaggeration, and command at once of the humourous and
pathetic, place among the very foremost productions of fiction. It
has the truth of Richardson without his minuteness, and the
humour of Fielding without his grossness: if it yields to Le Sage
in the diversified variety of his views of life, it far excels him in
the description of the domestic virtues, and the pleasing moral
of the tale."-Rev. John MITFORD: Life of Goldsmith.
wise, and the humour and wit which sparkle freshly through its
"With its ease of style, its turns of thought so whimsical yet
narrative, we have all of us profitably amused the idle or the
vacant hour; from year to year we have bad its tender or mirthful
incidents, its forms so homely in their beauty, its pathos and its
comedy, given back to us from the canvas of our Wilkes, Newtons,
and Stothards, our Leslies, Maclises, and Mulreadys; but not in
those graces of style, or even in that home cherished gallery of
familiar faces, can the secret of its extraordinary fascination be
said to consist. It lies nearer the heart. A something which has
pier; which, gently in weaving itself with our habits of thought,
found its way there; which, while it amused, has made us hap-
has increased our good-humour and charity; which, insensibly it
may be, has corrected wilful impatiences of temper, and made the
world's daily accidents easier and kinder to us all: somewhat
thus should be expressed, I think, the charm of the car of
Wakefield.”—JOHN FORSTER: Life of Goldsmith
M
Look_ye now, for one moment, at the deep and delicate hu-
mour of Goldsmith. How at his touch the venial infirmities and
vanity of this good Vicar of Wakefield live lovingly before the
mind's eye! How we sympathize with poor Moses in that deep
trade of his for the green spectacles! How all our good wishes
for aspiring rusticity thrill for the showman who would let his
bear dance only to the genteelest tunes!"-WHIPPLE: Lectures;
Wit and Humour,
THE TRAVELLER; A POEM:
"We talked of Goldsmith's Traveller. of which Dr. Johnson
spoke highly; and while I was helping him on with his great-
coat, he repeated from it the character of the British nation,
which he did with such energy that the tear started into his eyo:
"Stern o'er each bosom reason holds her state,
With daring aims irregularly great,
Pride in their port, defiance in their eye,
I see the lords of human kind pass by,
Intent on high designs, a thoughtful band,
By forms unfashion'd. fresh from nature's hand;
Fierce in their native hardiness of soul,
True to imagined right, above controul,
While even the peasant boasts these rights to scan,
And learns to venerate himself as man.' > >>
Boswell's Life of Johnson.
Here we have epigrammatic terseness indeed; but the
character of a nation of a very different complexion is
even still more concisely expressed :
"There is, perhaps. no couplet in English rhyme more per
spicuously condensed than these two lines of The Traveller, in
GOL
GOL
•
nbich the author describes the at once flattering, vain, and happy
character of the French.
[They please, are pleased, they give to get esteem.
Till, seeming blest, they grow to what they seem.']"
THOMAS CAMPBELL.
"The Traveller is indeed a very finished and a very noble poem.
The sentiments are always interesting, generally just, and often
new; the imagery is elegant, picturesque, and occasionally sub-
lime; the language is nervous, highly finished, and full of har-
mony.' "-SIR S. EGERTON BRYDGES: Life of Goldsmith in Censura
Literaria.
"In The Traveller Goldsmith has expressed, in verse of un-
equalled grace, the philosophy of man and of society which in
other forms pervades his entire writings. The doctrine he dis-
closes in this poetical survey is the basis of all that strain of
universal tolerance and moderation which constituted the whole
extent of his political and moral views. And doubtless it is no
bad philosophy. . . . However the philosophy of The Traveller
may be praised or censured, there is, we presume, little dispute
about the poetry. There has seldom been so much lively and
varied description comprised in so small a space, and ornamented
with moral associations so touching and true."-PROF. BUTLER:
Gallery of Illust, Irishmen : Dubl. Univ. Møg., vii. 51. 52.
"The Traveller has the most ambitious aim of Goldsmith's
poetical compositions. The author, placed on a height of the
Alps, muses and moralizes on the countries around him. His
object, it appears, is to show the equality of happiness which con-
sists with diversities of circumstances and situations. The poem
is, therefore, mainly didactic. Description and reflection are sub-
servient to an ethical purpose, and this purpose is never left out
of sight. The descriptive passages are all vivid, but some of them
are imperfect. Italy, for instance, in its prominent aspects, is
boldly sketched. We are transported to the midst of its moun-
tains, woods, and temples; we are under its sunny skies, we are
embosomed in its fruits and flowers, we breathe its fragrant air,
and we are charmed by its matchless landscapes: but we miss
the influence of its arts, and the solemn impression of its former
grandeur. We are made to survey a nation in degeneracy and
decay; but we are not relieved by the glow of Raffael, or excited
by the might of the Coliseum."-HENRY GILES: Lectures and Es-
says: Oliver Goldsmith.
THE DESERTED VILLAGE; A POEM:
"The Deserted Village has an endearing locality, and introduces
us to beings with whom the imagination contracts an intimate
friendship. Fiction in poetry is not the reverse of truth, but her
soft and enchanted resemblance; and this ideal beauty of nature
has been seldom united with so much sober fidelity as in the
groups and scenery of the Deserted Village."-THOMAS CAMPBELL.
"The Deserted Village is a poem far inferior to The Traveller,
though it contains many beautiful passages. I do not enter into
its pretensions to skill in political economy, though, in that respect,
it contains a strange mixture of important truths. My business
is with the poetry. Its inferiority to its predecessor (The Traveller]
arises from its comparative want of compression, as well as of force
and novelty of imagery. Its tone of melancholy is more sickly,
and some of the descriptions which have been most praised are
marked by all the poverty and flatness, and indeed are peopled
with the sort of comic and grotesque figures. of a Flemish land-
scape."-SIR S. EGERTON BRYDGES: Life of Goldsmith in Censura
Literaria.
Read this remarkable piece of criticism,—that on The
Deserted Village,—with which we imagine few readers will
concur.
"Goethe tells the transport with which the circle he now lived
in hailed it, when they found themselves once more as in another
beloved Wakefield; and with what zeal he at once set to work to
translate it into German. One tribute he did not hear, and was
"A man of such variety of powers, and such felicity of per-
formance, that he always seemed to do best that which he was
doing; a man who had the art of being minute without tedious-
ness, and general without confusion: whose language was copious
without exuberance, exact without constraint, and easy without
weakness."-DR. JOHNSON: Life of Dr. Parnell.
· Whether, indeed, we take him as a poet, as a comic writer, or
as a historian, he stands in the first class. . . . He deserved a place
in Westminster Abbey; and every year he lived would have de-
served it better."-DR. JOHNSON: Life by Boswell.
On another occasion, when Goldsmith's character was
attacked by some who were dining at Sir Joshua Rey-
never conscious of: yet from truer heart or finer genius he had
none, and none that should have given him greater pride. Graynolds's, Johnson exclaimed with warmth, "Is there a man,
was passing the summer at Malvern (the last summer of his life)
with his friend Nicholls, when the poem came out; and he desired
sir, now, who can pen an essay with such ease and elegance
as Dr. Goldsmith ?"
Nicholls to read it aloud to him. He listened to it with fixed at
tention from the beginning to the end. and then exclaimed, Trat
man is a poet.' ... All the characteristics of the first poem [The
Traveller] seem to me developed in the second; with as chaste
simplicity, with as choice selectness of natural expression, in verse
of as musical cadence; but with yet greater earnestness of pur-
pose, and a far more human interest.... Within the circle of its
claims and pretensions, a more entirely satisfactory delightful poem
than the Deserted Village was probably never written. It lingers
in the memory where once it has entered; and such is the soften-
ing influence (on the heart even more than the understanding) of
the mild, tender, yet clear light which makes its images so distinct
and lovely, that there are few who have not wished to rate it higher
than poetry of yet higher genius. What true and pretty pastoral
images,' exclaimed Burke. years after the poet's death, has Gold-
smith in his Deserted Village! They beat all: Pope and Phillips,
and Spenser too, in my opinion.""-JOHN FORSTER : Life of Goldsmith.
"As we do not pretend in this summary memoir to go into a
criticism or analysis of any of Goldsmith's writings, we shall not
dwell upon the peculiar merits of this poem; we cannot help no-
ticing, however, how truly it is a mirror of the author's heart, and
of all the fond pictures of early friends and early life forever present
there. It seems to us as if the very last accounts received from
home, of his shattered family,' and the desolation that seemed to
have settled upon the haunts of his childhood, had cut to the roots
one foudly-cherished hope, and produced the following exquisitely
tender and mournful lines:
(
"In all my wand'rings round this world of care,
In all my griefs-and God has giv'n my share’—
[Quotation continued to and Including the line "Here to return
and die at home at last."]
"How touchingly expressive are the succeeding lines, wrung
from a heart which all the trials and temptations and buffetings
of the world could not render worldly; which, aunid a thousand
follies and errors of the head, still retained its childlike innocence;
and which, doomed to struggle on to the last amidst the din and
turmoil of the metropolis, bad ever been cheating itself with a
dream of rural quiet and seclusion:
"Oh bless'd retirement! friend to life's decline,
Retreats from care that never must be mine."
[Quotation continued to and including the line "His heaven
commences ere the world be past.”]
}
WASHINGTON IRVING: Life of Goldsmith.
"Yet even the Traveller had not shewn the perfection which
Goldsmith's genius was capable of attaining. It remained for him
still to present to his countrymen a poem which contains a more
accurate portraiture of nature in one of its sweetest phases, a more
profound pathos, and a more exquisite selection of affecting images
than any production of its class in this or in any other language."
-PROF. BCTLER: Gallery of Illust. Irishmen: Goldsmith: Dubl.
Univ. Mag., vii. 52.
THE CITIZEN OF THE WORLD; OR, LETTERS OF A CHINESE
PHILOSOPHER.
"Goldsmith's Citizen of the World, like all his works, bears the
stamp of the author's mind. It does not 'go about to cozen repu-
tation without the stamp of merit.' He is more observing, more
original, more natural and picturesque than Johnson. His work
is written on the model of the Persian Letters, and contrives to
give an abstracted and somewhat perplexing view of things, by
opposing foreign prepossessions to our own, and thus stripping
objects of their customary disguises. Whether truth is elicited in
this collision of contrary absurdities. I do not know; but I confess
the process is too ambiguous and full of intricacy to be very amus-
ing to my plain understanding. For light summer reading it is like
walking through a garden full of traps and pitfalls. . . . Beau Tibbs,
a prominent character in this little work. is the best comic sketch
since the time of Addison; unrivalled in his fancy, his vanity,
and his poverty."-HAZLITT: On the Periodical Essayists.
"If in any of his writings Goldsmith could be truly said to have
echoed the measured tone of Johnson, it was probably in his most
varied and agreeable Citizen of the World, a work written at a
period when his genius was scarcely yet independent enough to
allow of abjuring allegiance to the reigning powers of literature.
Yet even here an imitation is but sometimes perceptible, and when-
ever it occurred was. perhaps, only the involuntary work of the
ear taking up the rich and elaborate harmony which it was most
accustomed to hear, and which, in those days, was seldom heard
unaccompanied by unqualified manifestations of almost rapturous
applause.... Of that gay and sparkling facetiousness which he
himself was wont to admire so highly in other writers, the instances
in this collection are innumerable."-PROF. BUTLER: Gallery of
Illust. Irishmen : Goldsmith: Dubl. Univ. Mog., vii. 44, 45.
Having thus given copious quotations from eminent
authorities respecting the best-known of the productions
of Goldsmith, we imagine that the reader will not be dis-
pleased if we enlarge our article by citing opinions on the
general characteristics of an author so justly distinguished
and so general a favourite.
"The wreath of Goldsmith is unsullied; he wrote to exalt virtue
and expose vice; and he accomplished his task in a manner which
raises him to the highest rank among British authors. We close
his volume with a sigh that such an author should have written
so little from the stores of his own genius, and that he should have
been so prematurely removed from the sphere of literature which
he so highly adorned."-SIR WALTER SCOTT: Life of Goldsmith.
"Goldsmith, both in verse and prose, was one of the most delight-
ful writers in the language. His verse flows like a limpid stream.
His ease is quite unconscious. Every thing in him is spontaneous,
unstudied, unaffected; yet elegant, harmonious, graceful, and
nearly faultless.... As a poet, he is the most flowing and elegant
of our versifiers since Pope, with traits of artless nature which
Pope had not. and with a peculiar felicity in his turns upon words,
which he constantly repeated with delightful effect.”—İIAZLITT.
"As for Goldsmith and Churchill, whatever they have appeared
to owe to Pope. they are remembered and admired for what they
possessed independent of him, each having wealth enough of his
own to be a freeholder of Parnassus, after paying off any mortgage
on his little estate due to that enormous capitalist."-JAS. MONT
GOMERY: Lect, on Mod. Eng. Lit.
"Goldsmith I have already had occasion to mention several times
in the course of these Lectures, as the various classes of English
Poetry in which he has written have come under our review. He
now appears before us in the character of a Didactic Poet; aud
what can I say of him better than by repeating the true and elo-
quent eulogium in his Epitaph?
Nullum quod tetigit non ornavit.'
The Traveller' and The Deserted Village' scarcely claim any
notice from me. They are in every one's hands; they live in
every one's memory; they are felt in every one's heart; they are
daily the delight of millions."-HENRY NEELE: Lects. on Eng. Poet.
•
695
GOL
GOL
There is something in Goldsmith's prose that to my ear is
uncommonly sweet and harmonious; it is clear, simple, easy to be
understood; we never want to read his periods twice over, except
for the pleasure it bestows; obscurity never calls us back to a
repetition of it. That he was a poet there is no doubt; but the
paucity of his verse does not allow us to rank him in that high
station where his genius might have carried him. There must be
bulk, variety, and grandeur of design to constitute a first-rate
poet."-RICHARD CUMBERLAND: Memoirs.
1
Prof. Butler criticizes Cumberland's comments-the
whole of which we have not quoted, and the reader, we
think, will be gratified with the professor's comments: see
Gallery of Illust. Irishmen; Goldsmith; Dub. Univ. Mag.,
vii. 52, 53. See also Sir S. Egerton Brydges's criticism
on Cumberland's comments; Censura Literaria.
"Goldsmith, Cowper, Burns, are all original. and all unequalled
In their way.
Falconer is another whose works will last forever.”
-ROBERT SOUTHEY: Life and (orresp.; Letter to G. C. Bedford,
April 13, 1805.
..
Where is the poetry of which one-half is good? Is it the
Eneid ? is it Milton's? is it Dryden's? is it any one's except Pope's
and Goldsmith's, of which all is good?”—Lord Byron to Murray,
April 23, 1820.
66
His pictures may be small, may be far from historical pieces,
amazing or confounding us; may be even, if severest criticism
will have it so. mere happy tableaux de genre hanging up against
our walls but their colours are exquisite and unfading; they
have that familiar sweetness of household expression which wins
their welcome alike where the rich inhabit, and in huts where
poor men lie; and there, improving and gladdening all, they are
likely to hang for ever."-JOHN FORSTER: Life of Goldsmith.
Washington Irving-the very sight or sound of whose
beloved name never fails to excite pleasing emotions in
thousands of bosoms at home and abroad-in the proface
to his Life of Goldsmith pays the following beautiful
tribute to his author:
"For my own part, I can only regret my shortcomings in what
to me is a labor of love; for it is a tribute of gratitude to the
memory of an author whose writings were the delight of my child-
hood and have been a source of enjoyment to me throughout life;
and to whom, of all others, I may address the beautiful apostrophe
of Dante to Virgil:
"Tu se' lo mio maestro, e 'l mio autore:
Tu se solo colui da cu' io tolsi
Lo bello stile, che m' ha fatto onore.""
"The prose of Goldsmith is the model of perfection, and the
standard of our language; to equal which the efforts of most
would be vain, and to exceed it, every expectation folly."
HEADLEY.
"Goldsmith is one of the most various and most pleasing of
English writers. He touched upon every kind of excellence, and
that with such inimitable grace, that where he failed of originality
most he had ever a freshness and a charm.”—MRS. S. C. HALL.
"But none of us probably ever think of weighing his political
opinions, or his claims to the title of a great philosophical poet.
His fame and influence depend on neither. We are not grateful
to him because he possesses extraordinary poetical power. There
is so much of genuine feeling, just thought, true description. and
sound moral distinction, in these poems, [The Traveller and The
Deserted Village.] the language is so clear, the strain so liquid,
the general style not quite magnificent, but yet of such an easy,
natural elevation and dignity, that they glide into our affections
and memory in youth, and are never displaced, we apprehend, by
the more exciting pleasures, the more subtile and complicated
conceptions, which we owe in later years to poetry of a far higher
and infinitely more varied character.”—E. T. CHANNING: N. Amer.
Rev., xlv. 91–116.
"Briefly, we have no hesitation in asserting the superiority of
these designs as works of art illustrative of family life over every
thing that has been done in recent times either in France or Ger
many, or our own country."-Lon. Athenæum, Jan. 21, 1843.
The reader must also procure the editions of the Vicar
of Wakefield, illustrated respectively by Westall, Richter,
Thomas, and Absolon. We must also notice, as a valuable
companion to the modern editions of Goldsmith's Works,
an edition of his Poetical Works, with Remarks attempt-
ing to ascertain from local observation the actual scene
of the Deserted Village, embellished with seven illustra-
tive engravings, by Mr. Aitkin, from drawings taken on
the spot. By the Rer. R. H. Newell, B.D., 1811, 4to. Nor
must the collector of a Goldsmith Library consider that
he has done justice to his design until he can number
among his treasures-a fit companion for the Deserted
Village, illustrated by the Etching Club, before noticed—
the beautiful edition of The Poetical Works of our great
author, illustrated by Wood Engravings from the designs
of G. W. Cope, A.R.A.; Thomas Creswick, A.R.A.; J.
C. Horsley; R. Redgrave, A.R.A.; and Fred. Taylor,
members of the Etching Club; with a biographical
Memoir, and Notes on the Poems. Edited by Bolton
Corney, 1845, Svo. This beautiful volume has been
already noticed. See CORNEY, BOLTON.
We have referred to that happy individual of good taste
and excellent judgment,-perhaps you claim the appella-
tion, gentle reader,-the collector of a "Goldsmith Li-
brary." He will thank us for indicating sources of in-
formation, in addition to any little aid our humble labours
may have afforded him, respecting bis favourite author.
Let him then consult-Life prefixed to Goldsmith's
Works, Lon., 1801, also 1807, 4 vols. 8vo, principally
written by Bishop Percy; Johnson's and Chalmers's Eng-
Of edits. of Goldsmith's histories, the Vicar of Wake-
lish Poets, 1810; Life by Sir S. Egerton Brydges, in the
field, the Deserted Village, and The Traveller, the name
Censura Literaria, vol. vii., 2d ed., 1815; Chalmers's Biog.
is legion. His Poet. and Dramat. Works were first col- Dict.; Life by Rev. John Mitford; Life by James Prior;
lected and pub. in 1780, Lon., 2 vols. 12mo; 1786, 8vo; Northcote's Life of Sir Joshua Reynolds;
Life by John Forster; Life by Washington Irving;
Cradock's Me-
1791, 2 vols. 12mo; 1808, 8vo; 1816. Miscell. Works, with
Life and Essays, Perth, 1792, 7 vols. 12mo. With Life moirs; Davies's Life of Garrick; Boswell's Life of John-
and Writings, Lon., 1801, 4 vols. 8vo; 1806, 5 vols. 12mo;
son; Miss Hawkins's Anecdotes; Colman's Random Re-
1807, 4 vols. 8vo; 1812, 4 vols. 8vo; 1820, 4 vols. 8vo. cords; Cumberland's Memoirs; Northcote's Conversations;
But these and all preceding edits. were thrown into the Hawkins's Life of Johnson; Prof. Butler's Gallery of Illust,
Irishmen, in Dubl. Univ. Mag., vii. 26-54; De Quincey's
shade in 1836 by the publication of Prior's edit. of Gold-
smith's Miscellaneous Works, with Life of the Author, 6 Essays on the Poets, &c.; various authorities quoted from
vols. 8vo. Contents Vol. I. The Bee; Essays; Present
or referred to in preceding pages; also the following
State of Polite Learning, &c.; Prefaces and Introduction. articles:-in Edin. Rev., lxv. 108, lxxxviii. 102; Lon.Quar.
II. Citizen of the World; Introduction to the Study of
Rev., lvii. 149; N. Brit. Rev., ix. 100; N. Amer. Rev., (by
Natural History. III. Vicar of Wakefield; Biographies E. T. Channing,) xlv. 91, 1xx. 265; Blackwood's Mag.,
of Voltaire, Nash, Parnell, and Bolingbroke; Miscella-xvii. 137, 297, Jiii. 771; Fraser's Mag., xv. 387; South.
neous Criticism. IV. Poems; The Good-Natured Man; Lit. Messenger, (by H. T. Tuckerman,) vi. 267.
Goldson, Wm. Catechism, Lon., 1595, 8vo.
She Stoops to Conquer; The Grumbler; Criticism relating
Goldson, Wm. Medical Treatises, Lon., 1787, 1804.
to Poetry and the Belles-Lettres. V., VI. Prior's Life of
Goldsmith.
Observ. on the Passage between the Atlantic and
Pacific, Portsm., 1793, 4to. Prefixed is a historical abridg:
'05.
This is the only complete edition containing additions made
wo previous collections of Goldsmith, which perhaps it would be
ment of discoveries in the north of America.
It would not be difficult to greatly extend our quota-
tions, indeed the difficulty is to refrain from quoting,
with so many authorities yet unnoticed at our elbow;
but there must be an end to the longest article, and this
is already sufficiently extended. Of the three principal
biographies of our author we have already discoursed at
some length in our notice of John Forster, to which the
reader is referred.
+
safe to say constitute nearly one-half of the collection in the pre
sent edition. This edition is the only one having any just claim
to a place, as embodying the full performances of Goldsmith, and as
the fair exponent of his genius."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
The same eminent authority commends the letters of
Goldsmith, collected by Mr. Prior's indefatigable industry,
in researches extending from 1826 to 1836:
"No poet's letters in the world, not even those of Cowper. ap-
pear to us more interesting for the light they throw on the habits
and feelings of the man that wrote them; and we think it will also
be acknowledged that the simple gracefulness of their language is
quite worthy of the author of the Vicar of Wakefield. We may
differ from many of our readers as to all the rest, but we are cou-
fident that if Mr. Prior had done, and should do, nothing else, the
services he has rendered to literature by recovering and recording
these beautifully characteristic effusions would be enough to
secure honour to his memory. And who will not be rejoiced to
hear that in one instance at least the best secondary monument
of a great Irish genius has also been erected by an Irish hand?”
Mr. Prior doubtless richly deserves all that can be said
in praise of his labours; but even his excellent edition of
the Works of Goldsmith has been superseded within tho
last year or two by Peter Cunningham's edition, 1854,
4 vols. Svo, forming the first issue of Murray's British
Classics. For an account of this edition, see CUNNINGHAM,
PETER.
Of the many beautiful editions of The Vicar of Wake-
field, we must especially note the one embellished with
thirty-two Illustrations by Wm. Mulready, Lon., 1843,
cr. Svo.
"It is the nearest to perfection of any volume that has hitherto
issued from the British press.”—Lon. Art. Union Jour… Jan. 1843,
One of the most beautiful editions of any standard author
4.
that has appeared for many years, and decidedly the best which
has ever been published of this deservedly popular English clas
sic.”—United Service Gazette, Jan. 7, 1843.
+
696
OUL
GOO
Goldwell, Charles. Reason's Metamorphosis and 1711, 4to. 2. Funl. Serm., 1713, 8vo and 4to. 3. Fast
¦
Restoration, &c., 1641.
Serm., 1740, 4to.
Goldwell, Henry. A Briefe Declaration of the
Shews, Devices, &c. before the Queene's Majestie and the
French Ambassadors in Whitsun weeke, 1581.
Gooch, Rev. W. General View of the Agricult. of
Cambridgeshire, Lon., 1811, 8vo.
66
"Only one copy known.”—Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Sold at different times at £6 68 to £8 18× 6d. It is re-
printed in Nichols's Progresses of Q. Elizabeth.
Goldwin, Wm. Serms., 1707-81. Poet. Descrip. of
Bristol, 1751, 8vo. Revised by T. Smart.
Golledge, John. 1. Adam's Death, Lon., 1789, '90,
Svo. 2. Alex. Crombie's Phil. Necess., 1799, 12mo.
Golovin, Ivan, b. 1816, in Russia, educated at Berlin
and Heidelberg; was exiled by the Czar in 1843, and be-
came a naturalized Englishman in 1846. 1. Political!
Science to teach Sovereigns how to Govern. 2. Russia
under Nicholas, 1845. This work attracted considerable
attention throughout Europe, and was translated into seve-
ral languages. 3. The Russian Political Catechism. 4.
Memoirs of a Russian Priest. 5. The Caucasus and the
Nations of Russia and Turkey, 1853. He visited the U.S.
in 1855, and pub. a series of Letters in the N.Y. Tribune,
and the Nat. Intelligencer, at Washington. On his return
to England, he issued a volume entitled (6) Stars and Stripes;
or, American Impressions.
Golt. Divine Hist. of the Genesis of the World, 1670, 4to.
Golty, Richard. Serm., Lon., 1688, 4to.
Gomersal, or Gomersali, Robert, 1600-1646, a
native of London, educated at Christ Church, Oxf., became
Vicar of Thorncombe, Devonshire. 1. The Levite's
venge, containing Poetical Meditations on Judges, chaps.
xix. and xx., Lon., 1628, '33, Svo. 2. Lodowick Sforza, Duke
of Milan; a Tragedy, 1628, '32, 12mo. With No. 1, &c.,
1633, 38, 12mo.
clear rather than painted glass; they are of very convenient
These lectures are very perspicuous, resembling windows of
length, and much like a pious and benevolent companion, who,
if he travels with you but a short way, gives you much and good
information."-Ln. Baptist Mag.
Good, John. Works on Dialling. Lon., 1711, '30, Svo.
Good, John Mason, M.D., 1764–1827, one of the
most profoundly learned Englishmen of modern days, was
a native of Epping, Essex, and the son of a dissenting mi-
nister. At fifteen he was placed apprentice with a surgeon
at Gosport, and in 1784 commenced practice at Sudbury.
In 1793 he removed to London, where he practised as a
surgeon and apothecary, and in 1820, having received a
diploma from the University of Aberdeen, became a phy-
be found in the Lon. Gent. Mag. for March, 1827; and a
sician. An interesting biographical sketch of Dr. G. will
Memoir of his Life was pub. by his friend Dr. Olintbus Gre-
gory, Lon., 1828, Svo. 1. Maria; an Elegiac Ode, Lon.,
1756, 4to. 2. Discases of Prisons and Poor-Houses, 1795,
12mo. 3. Hist. of Medicine as far as it relates to the pro-
Re-fession of an Apothecary, 1795, 12mo. 4. Parish Work-
houses, 1798, 1805, Svo. 5. Address to the Corp. of Sur-
geons, 1800, Svo. 6. Song of Songs, or Sacred Idyls.
Trans. from the Hebrew, with notes crit. and explan.,
1803, Svo.
"He was esteemed excellent for dramatic poetry.”—Athen. Ozon.
3. Serms. on 1 Pet. ii. 13-16, Camb., 1634, 4to.
"A very florid preacher." See Bliss's ed. of Athen. Oxon., where
will be found a specimen of Gomersall's poetry.
Gomersall, Mrs. A. 1. Eleanora; a Nov., Lon.,
1789, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. The Citizen; a Nov., 1790, '91, 2
vols. 12mo. 3. The Disappointed Heir, 1796, 2 vols. 12mo.
Gomm, James. Narrative of Events in St. Marcou,
Lon.. 1801, '07, Svo.
Gomm, John, Hist. Inquiry resp. the performance
on the Harp in the Highlands of Scotland, 1807, 4to.
Gompertz, Benj. Mathematics, 1817, &c.
Gompertz, John. 1. Time, or Light and Shade; a
Foem, 4to. 2. The Modern Antique, or The Muse in the
Costume of Queen Anne; a Poem, Svo. See Anti-Jac.
See Anti-Jac.
Rev., Nov. 1818. 3. Devon; a Poem, Sro.
Gonson, Sir John. Charges to Juries, 1728, '29, &c.
Gonzales, Manoel. Voyage to Great Britain.
This will be found in vol. i. of Osborne's Voyages, and
in vol. ii. of Pinkerton's Voyages and Travels.
written by an Englishman-perhaps by Daniel Defoe.
Gooch, Benjamin, D.D., an eminent surgeon. Sur-
gery, Lon., 1758, Svo. Enlarged, Norw., 1767, 2 vols. Svo.
Appendix, Lon., 1773, 8vo. Profess. con. to Phil. Trans.,
It was
1769, '75.
Gooch, Bernard. The Whole Art of Husbandrie,
Lon., 1614, 4to. We find this in the Bibl. Brit., but
doubtless it is Barnaby Googe's Foure Bookes of Hus-
bandrie, 4th ed.
Gooch, Eliza S. V. R. Novels, &c., 178S-1804.
Gooch, Robert, M.D., 1784-1830, a native of Yar-
mouth, practised in Croydon, and subsequently in Lon-
don, (from 1811,) with great reputation and success.
1. Discases peculiar to Women, Lon., 1829, Svo. 3
have appeared in America.
The work is very neatly performed, and in a superior manner.
The author shows a very liberal spirit on agricultural policy, and
much sound knowledge on practical subjects.”—Dowoldson's Agri-
cult. Biog.
Good, B. Hanover Treaty, Lon., 1727, 8vo.
Good, J. E. Serm. on the Mount, 1829, 8vo.
"Distinguished in a very uncommon degree for originality,
precision, and vigour of thought."-DR. FERGUSSON: Lon. Quar.
Rev., xli. 163-183. Read this interesting essay on insanity, &c.
The most valuable work on that subject in any language; the
chapters on puerperal fever and puerperal madness are probably
the most important additions to practical medicine of the present
age."-Lives of British Physicians.
7. Triumph of Britain; an Ode, 1803. S. Memoirs of
the Life and Writings of Alex. Geddes, LL.D., 1803, Svo.
See GEDDES, ALEXANDER, LL.D. 9. The Nature of Things;
a Didactic Poem, trans. from the Latin of Titus Lucretius
Carus, with the original text and Notes philolog, and ex-
plan., 1805-07, 2 vols. 4to.
"A noble translation; the notes contain a vast variety of mis-
cellaneous literature."—DR. CLARKE.
These vast volumes are more like the work of a learned Ger
man professor, than of an ungraduated Englishman. They dis
play extensive erudition, considerable judgment, and some taste;
yet, upon the whole. they are extremely heavy and uninteresting,
and the leading emotion they excite in the reader is that of sym
pathy with the fatigue the author must have undergone in the
compilation.... The truth is, that Mr. Good, though very intelli-
gent, is very indiscriminate in the selection of his information;
and though, for the most part, sufficiently candid and judicious in
bis remarks, is at the same time intolerably dull and tedious. He
has no vivacity; no delicacy of taste or fancy; very little origi-
eds.ality; and a gift of extreme prolixity. His prose is better than
his poetry; his reasonings are inore to be trusted to than his criti-
cism; and his statements and explanations are of more value than
his argument."-LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Rev., x. 217–234.
"Almost every polished language, Asiatic as well as European,
is laid under contribution; and the versions which uniformly
accompany the numerous parallelisms and quotations are, for the
most part, executed in a niasterly style."-Lon. Gent. Mag., xevii.
277.
2. Women and Children, Svo. 3. Compendium of Mid-
wifery, prepared by George Skinner, 12mo. 4 eds. in
4 eds. in
America.
"Among these great masters [of medical science] Robert Gooch
will always stand pre-eminent."-Amer. Jour. Med. Science.
“Never was a man more desirous of doing all in his power to-
wards diminishing the sum of human misery."-ROBERT SOUTHEY:
Life and Corresp., q. v.
Gooch was a contributor to the Lon. Quar. Rev., and
pub, in that periodical some valuable papers on the Plague,
Anatomy, &c. See Lives of Brit. Physicians, No. 14 of
Murray's Family Library.
Gooch, Sir Thomas, Bart., d. 1754; Bishop of Bris-
tol, 1737; trans. tc Norwich, 1738; to Ely, 1748. 1. Serm.,
Dr. Good considers the Song of Solomon neither a continued
epithalamium nor a regular drama, but a collection of idyls on a
common subject.-the loves of the Hebrew monarch and his fair
bride. Into the mystical design of the poem (though, with
Lowth and Horner, he believed it to have one) he enters little;
so that the spirituality of the Bible nowhere appears in the version
or the notes. Admitting his hypothesis to be correct, and con-
sidering the Song of Songs merely as an oriental collection of love
songs, Dr. Good's version cannot be denied the praise of elegance
and general accuracy. Ile first gives a kind of literal prose trans-
lation, and then, on the opposite page, a metrical version. The
notes follow at the end, and display a great profusion of ancient
and modern learning. As far as religion is concerned, however,
the reader may as well consult the odes of Horace or the pastorals
of Virgil.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
·
seldom seen within so small a compass as the present volume."
"So much elegant learning and successful illustration we have
Brit. Crit., O. S., xxvi. 454, 155. See also Lon. Month. Rev., N. S.,
xlvii. 302-312.
•A
10. Oration on the Structure and Physiology of Plants,
1808, Svo. 11. Essay on Medical Technology, 1810, Svo.
This essay gained the Fothergillian Medal. 12. The Book
of Job literally trans. from the Hebrew and restored to its
natural arrangement; with Notes crit. and illust., and an
Introduct. Dissert., 1812, Svo. A critique on this version
appeared in the Eclectic Rev. for Feb. 1816; to this Dr.
Good replied, and a rejoinder followed in the number for
Dec. 1816.
"No work of criticism in the language affords such a display of
acquaintance with ancient and modern languages.... Dr. Good is
a firm believer in the antiquity of the book. contends that Moses
patriarchal faith.... His translation is the most valuable work or
was the writer of it, and that it contains the great principles of the
Job in the English language, and must materially assist any indi
697
GOO
GOO
vidual in the interpretation of that difficult book."-Orme's Bibl.
Bib.
"On the whole, we regard this work as a valuable accession to
our stock of sacred literature; and we can recommend it with con-
fidence to the biblical student, as containing a great mass of use-
ful information and valuable criticism."—Lon. Christian Observer,
xii. 306.
13. New ed. of Mason's Self-knowledge; with a Life of
the Author and Notes, 1812, Svo. Dr. Good's mother was
Miss Peyto, the favourite niece of John Mason. 14. A
Physiological System of Nosology, 1817, Svo.
It bids fair to supersede every attempt which has hitherto been
made in the difficult provinces of medical technology and sys-
tematic arrangement.”—Lan. Gent. Mag., xcvii. 277.
15. Sketch of the Revolution in 1688. 16. In conjunc-
tion with Olinthus Gregory, LL.D., editor, and Newton
Bosworth, Pantalogia; or Encyclopædia, comprising a Ge-
neral Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature,
pub. periodically, completed in 1813, 12 vols., with nearly
400 engravings, r. Svo, £20. 17. The Study of Medicine,
1822, 4 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 1832, 5 vols. Svo, £3 158.; edited
by Samuel Cooper, M.D., F.R.S., Prof. of Surgery in the
Univ. of London, &c.
"If the general tenor of his book.... (what seems to me to
be the fact).... be so excellent that no other modern system is,
on the whole, half so valuable as the Study of Medicine, its imper-
fections will be indulgently regarded by every liberal critic, and
its genuine merit warmly admired."-DR. COOPER, the editor.
"The additions to the text and notes by Mr. Cooper, as may have
been expected, are numerous and valuable, and the entire work
merits our most unqualified recommendation. The surgeon whose
library contains Good's Study of Medicine. and Cooper's Surgical
Dictionary, need look around him for little more that is either
scientific, useful, or practical, in any branch of his profession."—
Lon. Lancet, No. 304.
evidence that they are forgeries. Also an Enquiry into the
Murder of King Henry, Edin., 1754, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. An
edit. with Emendatory Notes of Sir John Scott's Stagger-
ing State of Scots Statesmen, 1754. 3. An Introduc. to
the Hist. and Antiq. of Scotland, Lon., 1769, Svo; Edin.,
1773, 12mo. Originally written in Latin, and prefixed to
his edit. of Fordun's Scotichronicon: see FORDUN, JOHN De.
"His edition of Fordun was not executed with judgment."
He contributed also a Pref. and Life to Sir James Bal-
four's Practicks, and some articles to Keith's New Cata-
logue of Scotch Bishops.
|
Goodall, Baptist, merchant. The Tryall of Trauell;
2. The Worthes of Trauell.
or, 1. The Wonders in Trauell.
3. The Way to Trauell. In three bookes Epitomized, Lon.,
Sir M. M. Sykes,
1630, 4to. A poetical work of 40 leaves.
Pt. 1, 1329, £5. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 314, £12 128.
Goodall, Charles, M.D. 1. The College of Physi-
cians vindicated against the Corner Stone, &c., Lon., 1674,
76, Svo. 2. Hist. of the Roy. Coll. of Physicians, &c.,
3. Hist. Acct. of the Coll.'s proceedings against
1684, 4to.
Empyrics, &c., 1684, 4to.
Goodall, Charles. Poems and Translations, Lon.,
1689, Svo. Anon.
Goodall, Henry, D.D., Archdeacon of Suffolk and
Preb. of Norwich. Serms., 1741, '51, '60.
Goodall, John. Liberty of the Clergy by the Laws
of the Realm. Printed temp. Hen. VIII. by R. Weir.
Goodcole, Rev. Henry. 1. Fras. Robinson, Lon.,
1618, 4to. 2. The Prodigal's Tears, 1620, Svo. 3. Prayers,
&c., 1620, Svo. 4. London's Cry, 1620, 4to. 5. Eliz. Saw-
yer, 1621, 4to.
"We have no hesitation in pronouncing the work, beyond all
comparison, the best of its kind in the English language."-Lon.
Medico-Chirurg. Rev.
|
As a work of reference, at once systematic and comprehensive,
it has no rival in medical literature."—-Lon. Med. Gaz.
American ed. pub. by Harpers, N. York, 2 vols. 8vo, with
Notes by A. S. Doane, M.D., &c. 18. The Book of Nature,
1826, 3 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., corrected, 3 vols. fp. Svo.
CONTENTS. Vol. I. Nature of the Material World, and
the Scale of Unorganized and Organized Tribes that issue
from it. On Matter and a Material World; on Geology;
on Organized Bodies, and the Structure of Plants compared
with that of Animals; on the Principle of Life; on the
Bones, &c.; on the Digestive Functions; on the Circula-
tion of the Blood; on the Processes of Nutrition; on the
External Senses of Animals. Vol. II. Nature of the Ani-
mate World; its Peculiar Powers and External Relations;
Means of Communicating Ideas; Formation of Society.
Vol. III. Nature of the Mind; its General Faculties and
Furniture.
g
"This volume is designed to take a systematic, but popular, sur-
vey of the most interesting features of the general science of na-
ture, for the purpose of elucidating what has been found obscure,
controverting and correcting what has been felt erroneous, and
developing, by means of original views and hypotheses, much of
what yet remains to be more satisfactorily explained."-Preface.
"The work is certainly the best Philosophical digest of the kind
which we have seeu.”—Lon. Month. Rev.
19. Thoughts on Select Texts of Scripture, 12mo.
20. Historical Outline of the Book of Psalms, by Neale,
8vo; by Henderson, 1854, Svo. Dr. Good contributed many
papers to the periodicals of the day, and was for some time
editor of the Analytical and Critical Review, and, we bo-
lieve, of the New Annual Register, and the Gallery of Na-
ture and Art. His review of the Junius controversy-sce
our article on JUNIUS-is one of the finest pieces of criti-
cism of modern times. There are few names that cast
greater lustre upon the archives of British Medical Science
and philological learning than that of John Mason Good,
Good, Rev. Joseph. Poems, Lon., 1792, 8vo.
Good, Thomas, D.D., Master of Baliol Coll., Oxf.
Fermianus et Dubitantius; or, Dialogues concerning
Atheism, Infidelity, and Popery, Oxf., 1674, 8vo.
Good, Thomas, Rector of Ashley, Worcestershire.
Thanksgiving Serm. on Matt. v. 9, 1715, 4to.
Good, Thomas. Speech in H. of Commons, 1800,
Goode, Francis.
1. The Better Covenant, 5th ed.,
Lon., 1848, fp. 8vo. Highly commended. 2. Serms. on
and Experience, 1838, 8vo. 3. Seriu.
before the Ch. Miss. Soc., 1838, 8vo. 4. Watch-Words of
5. Posthumous Serms., 8vo.
Gospel Truth, 12mo.
Goode, Wm.
1646, 4to.
1. Serm., Lon., 1645, 4to. 2. Serm.,
Goode, Wm., 1762-1816, a native of Buckingham,
entered of Magdalen Hall, Oxf., 1780; succeeded Mr. Ro-
maine as Rector of St. Ann's, Blackfriars, London, 1795.
1. A New Version of the Book of Psalms, Lon., 1811, 2
vols. 8vo.
Svo..
Good, Wm. Measurers and Tradesman's Assistant,
Edin., 1775, 8vo.
Goodacre, Robert. Educational, &c.works, 1803-12.
Goodal, or Goodall, Walter, 1706-1766, a Scotch
antiquary, a native of Banffshire, educated at King's Coll.,
Aberdeen, became librarian of the Advocates' Library,
Edinburgh, and assisted Thomas Ruddiman in compiling
the catalogue of that library upon the plan of the Biblio-
theca Cardinalis Imperialis; it was pub. in 1742, fol. 1. An ¦
Exam. of the Letters said to be written by Mary Queen of
Scots to James, Earl of Bothwell, shewing by intrinsic
"A useful help to the devotional understanding of the Psalms,
which are here translated into English verse, and in various
metres."-Horne's Bibl. Brit.
"The poetical execution of Goode's version never rises above
mediocrity."-Lom. Eclectic Rev.
2. Essays on all the Scriptural Names and Titles of
Christ, 1822, 6 vols. 8vo.
"A most valuable elucidation of all the Scriptural Titles of the
Redeemer."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
“A valuable work for ministers;-a mine for composition of
>>
3. Eight Serms., separately pub., 1795, &c. See a me-
moir of Mr. Goode by W. Goode, Svo.
Goode, Wm., Rector of Allhallows the Great and
Less, London, has pub. several treatises against the doc-
trines of the Oxford Tracts, and on other subjects, Lon.,
1834-52.
1834-52. Among the best-known of his works are-1. The
2. The
Extraordinary Gifts of the Spirit, 1834, Svo.
3. Tracts on Church
Established Church, 1834, 8vo.
Rates, 1840, Svo. 4. The Divine Rule of Faith and Prac-
tice. 1842, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1853, 3 vols. 8vo.
..
This very able work is a defence of the great Protestant prin-
ciple of the sufficiency of holy scripture, in opposition to the doc-
trine of Dr. Pusey and his party, who claim for tradition a co-
ordinate authority with the written word of God. It is one of the
able publications of the day.”—Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
5. Two Treatises on the Church, by Drs. Jackson and
Sanderson, and a Letter of Bp. Cosin. With Introduc.
Remarks, 1843, sm. Svo.
"Seasonable truth against Tractarians.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
6. Tract XC. historically refuted, 1845, 8vo. 7. Doc
trine of the Ch. of Eng. as to the effects of Baptism in the
case of Infants, 1849. Svo. 8. Aids for determining some
Disputed Points in the Ceremonial of the Ch. of Eng.; 2d
ed., 1851, 8vo. 9. A Vindication of the Doctrine of the
Ch. of Eng. on the Validity of the Orders of the Scotch
and Foreign Non-Episcopal Churches, in three pamphlets:
I. A General Review of the Subject; II. A Reply to Chur-
ton and Harrington, &c., 2d ed.; III. Reply to Bp. of Exe-
ter, &c.; 3d ed., 1852, Svo. 10. Lotter to Sir W. P. Wood,
Q.C., M.P., rel. to the Prayer Book; 2d ed., with the
Answer of Sir W. P. Wood and the Author's Reply, 1852,
8vo.
|
Goodenough, Samuel, LL.D., 1743-1827, educated
at Christ Church, Oxf.; Canon of Windsor, 1798; Dean
of Rochester, 1802; Bishop of Carlisle, 1808.
693
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He is but just promoted to the satisfaction of all who know
Lim. and to the shame of those who so long neglected him.
MA
Quis gremio Enceladi doctique PALEMONIS affert QUANTUM
GRAMMATICUS MERUIT LABOR?"-Pursuits of Literature, ed. 1808, p.
332.
1. Serm., 1809, 4to. 2. Serm., 1812. 3. Con. in Nat.
Hist. to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1792, '95, '98. See a Biog.
Sketch of Bp. G. in Lon. Gent. Mag., xcvii. 366, 367.
Goodenow, John M. Amer. Jurisp. in Contrast
with the Doct. of Eng. Com. Law, Steuben., Ohio, 1819,
8vo.
(.
"An admirable manual of topics connected with the history and
interpretation of the Scriptures. The author not only discovers a
laudable enthusiasm for his subject, but he treats it like a master."
-Lon. Congreg. Mug.
"It is with much pleasure we again meet a gentleman to whom
the theological world is under great obligations for the very masterly
manner in which he exposed the incompetency of John Bellamy !
to the task of improving the received version of the Bible. . .
We warmly recommend this work [the Lectures] to the attention
of all who would render themselves familiar with the literature
of the Bible."-Lon. Evangel. Mug., 1838, 595.
The professed object of the author is to prove that the Courts
In Ohio were not possessed of Common Law Jurisdiction, and more
especially in the case of crimes and offences at Common Law. The
book is exceedingly scarce, less than one hundred copies having
been printed.' -Marvin's Leg. Bibl.; Griffith's Law Reg., 388; 12
Amer. Jur., 334.
Goodfellow, J. Universal Directory; or, Complete Goodrich, Rev. Charles A., of Hartford, Conn.
P. Assistant for Masters of Ships, &c., Lon., 1779, Svo. 1. Lives of the Signers to the Declaration of Independence,
Goodhugh, Wm., a learned bookseller of London, Hartford, 1829, Svo, pp. 460; Lon. and N. York, 1836, Svo.
d. 1842, aged 43. 1. Crit. Exam. of Bellamy's Trans. of | 2. Hist. of the U. States of America. New ed., Boston,
the Bible, 1822. 2. Gate to the French, Italian, and Span- 1852, 12mo, pp. 425. The last ed. of this excellent work
|
ish Languages unlocked. 3. Gate to the Hebrew, Arabic, brings down the history to July 15, 1850. 3. Family
and Syriac unlocked by a new and easy method of learn- Sabbath Day Miscellany, Phila., 1855, 12mo. 4. A Geo-
ing the Accidents, 1827, 8vo. 4. The English Gentle-graphy of the Chief Places mentioned in the Bible, and
man's Library Manual; or, A Guide to the Formation of the Principal Events connected with them, New York,
a Library of Select Literature, accompanied with original 18mo, pp. 195. Other works.
Notices, Biographical and Critical, of Authors and Books,
1827, Svo. This volume does not exhibit a very compre-
hensive catalogue of books, but contains some good criti-
cism and several interesting items of literary history.
5. A Course of XII. Lectures on the Study of Biblical Lite-
rature, Lon., 1838, Svo. Re-issued under the title of Lec-
tures on Biblical Literature.
Goodrich, Charles B. Lowell Lectures: The
Science of Government, as exhibited in the Institutione
of the United States of America, Boston, 1853, Svo. The
value of expositions of this character-when ability,
accuracy of statement, and popularity of style, are com-
bined-cannot be too highly estimated; and in Mr. Good-
rich's work
6. The Bible Cyclopedia. Mr. G. only lived to prepare
this work to the letter R. It was pub. in 2 vols., fol. He
had been engaged in its compilation for the three years
preceding his death. In 1840 he issued proposals for a
society to be called the Dugdale Society, for the elucida-
tion of British Family Antiquity. But the project was
not encouraged.
Goodinge, Thos. Lawag.B'krupts, 1719,'29, '41, Svo.
Goodison, Wm. An Hist. and Topog. Essay upon
the Islands of Corfu, Leucadia, Cephalonia, Ithaca, and
Zante, Lon.. 1822. Svo, pp. 267, with Maps and Sketches.
“An interesting little volume, containing much curious matter
not unworthy the attention of the scholar and the antiquary.”-
Lowndes's Bibl. Mun.
Goodlad, Wm. Absorbent System, Lon., 1814. Svo.
Goodman, Christopher, 1520?-1601? a Puritan
divine, educated at Brasenose Coll., Oxf., was a prominent
advocate of the Reformation in Scotland. 1. How far Su-
perior Powers ought to be obeyed of their Subjects, Ge-
neua, 1558, 16mo.
0
See
“An absurd and factious pamphlet against Queen Mary."
Warton's Ilist. of Eng. Poetry.
"Christopher Goodman almost filled up every chapter in this
book with railing speeches against the Queen, (Mary of England,
and stirr'd up the people to rebel against her."-Heylin's Hist. of
the Reformation.
2. A Commentary upon Amos. Wood erroneously as-
cribes to Goodman John Knox's book, entitled The First
Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Regiment of
Women. For accounts of Goodman, see KNOX, JOHN;
Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Strype's Life of Parker;
Scott's Lives of the Scotch Reformers; Peck's Desiderata,
vol. i.
"The truth is, Goodman was a most violent nonconformist, and
for rigidness he went beyond his friend Calvin, who remembers
and mentions him in his epistles, 1561.”—Athen. Oxon.
Goodman, Godfrey, 1583-1655, an English prelate,
"and the only one who forsook the Church of England
for that of Rome since the Reformation," was a native
was a native
of Ruthvyn, Denbighshire, and educated at Westminster
School and Trin. Coll., Camb.; Dean of Rochester, 1620;
Bishop of Gloucester, 1625; suspended by Archbishop
Laud, 1639: soon after his suspension he became a member
of the Church of Rome. He pub. a treatise on the Fall
of Man, 1624, 4to; Animad. on Hakewill on Providence,
&c.; but is best known to modern readers by his Hist. of
his Own Times, comprising Memoirs of the Courts of Eliza-
i
beth and James I.; edited from the original MSS. by John
S. Brewer, Lon., 1839, 2 vols. Svo.
:
"An amusing and useful publication, abounding in anecdoter
illustrative of the public characters of the latter end of Elizabeth's
reign, and during the reign of James I. The bishop was a shrewd
observer, and relates his facts and observations in a sensible,
lively, and unaffected style.”—Lm. Times.
Goodman, James. Serm. on Ps. lxxvi. 4.
Goodman, John, D.D., Rector of Hadham, Herts,
and Archdeacon of Middlesex, pub. a Discourse on Auri-
cular Confession, (see Gibson's Preservative, i. 10;) The
Penitent Pardoned, 1679, 4to, often reprinted; some serms.
and other theolog. treatises, 1674-97.
Goodman, Tobias, a Jewish Rabbi. Trans. of Rabbi
Judias's Investigation of Causes, &c.; containing theolog.
sentences. Lon., 1808, 12mo.
"The powers of the general government and the relations of
the Federal and State authorities and laws are very carefully and
thoroughly stated and explained. It makes an admirable bock
of reference, and is not encumbered with legal technicalities cr
the repulsive show of dry learning.”
Goodrich, Charles R., of Flushing, Long Island,
d. 1855, studied medicine, but never practised.
"His attainments as chemist and naturalist were extensive and
accurate."
1. The World of Science, Art, and Industry, Illustrated
with 500 drawings from the New York (1853) Exhibition.
Edited by Prof. B. Silliman, Jr., and C. R. Goodrich, N.
York, 1854, 4to.
"An exceedingly handsome work, got up with much taste and
spirit.”—Lon. Art Journal.
2. Practical Science and Mechanism Illustrated. Edited
by C. R. Goodrich, aided by Professors Hall, Silliman, Jr.,
&c., 1854, 4to.
&c., 1854, 4to. This work professes to be
"A careful and laborious analysis of the present state of Science
and the Arts throughout the world. with important statistical
facts posted up to the present time, [1854.7"
The statistics, of Coal and Minerals presented are of
great value to the practical reader.
1839.
Goodrich, Chauncey A., D.D., b. Oct. 23, 1790,
at New Haven, Conn., graduated at Yale College in 1810.
In 1812 he became a tutor in that institution, and, at the
request of President Dwight, prepared a Greek Grammar,
which was extensively used in the schools and colleges
of New England. This was followed by Greek Lessons,
and Latin Lessons, designed to lead the pupil by regular
stages into a knowledge of the ancient languages, on a
plan afterwards applied to modern languages by Ollen-
dorff. After two years spent in the ministry, he was ap-
pointed in 1817 Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory in Yale
College, the duties of which office, in part, he still per.
forms, in connection with those of the professorship of
Pastoral Theology, to which post he was appointed in
In 1820 he was elected President of Williams
after the publication of Dr. Noah Webster's (father-in-
but declined the office. Soon
law to Dr. Goodrich) American Dictionary in 1828, he
superintended an abridgment of the work, pub. in r. 8vo,
for general use; and, with the author's consent, conformed
the orthography, in most respects, to that which has been
commonly received in the United States. In 1847 he pub.
a revision of both the 4to and Svo dictionaries, with large
additions, the result of many years of labour, in which
he was aided by his colleagues, Messrs. Silliman, Olm-
sted, &c. See N. Amer. Rev., lxvi. 256, 257. For a num-
ber of years Prof. G. discharged the duties connected
with the editorship of the Quarterly Christian Spectator.
But perhaps the most important contribution made by
him to the literature of the age is his vol. entitled Select
British Eloquence, embracing the Best Speeches Entire
of the most eminent Orators of Great Britain for the last
two Centuries, with Sketches of their Lives, an Estimate
|
699
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of their Geuius, and Notes Critical and Explanatory, N. Magazine, Merry's Museum, Parley's Cabinet Library, and
York, 1852, Svo, pp. 947.
his numberless volumes of many kinds, who shall estimate?
In 1851, the President of the United States-his Excel-
lency Millard Fillmore-conferred a deserved complimer.t
upon Mr. Goodrich by appointing him Consul to Paris.
In 1855 Mr. G. returned to the United States, and is now
(1858) residing in New York.
We have spoken of the volumes of this popular author as
"numberless;" but here we are a little extravagant,- -for the
author has been obliged to "number" them in self-defence.
See Recollections of a Lifetime; or, Men and Things I have
Seen, by S. G. Goodrich, N. York, 1858, 2 vols. 12mo.
"List of Works of which S. G. Goodrich is the Editor or
Author.
"This bulky volume performs more than it promises. It is not
only a collection, made with excellent taste and judgment, of the
best specimens of English eloquence, whether parliamentary,
forensic or popular, but the biographical and illustrative matter
annexed is copious enough to form a tolerably complete political
bistory of England from Queen Anne's time to the present day.
At any rate. a full acquaintance with the contents of this volume,
taking the speeches and the commentary together. would be a
very useful appendage to that knowledge of the political events
of the period which may be derived from’works professedly his-
torical or biographical in their character."-N. Amer. Rev., ixxvi.
253-255.
Having perused this volume with care as well as de-
light, we are able to fully endorse the preceding com-
mnendation. No student of history, biography, political,
forensic, or sacred eloquence, should be without this work.
Those who have not seen it will be surprised to learn that
Prof. G. gives us in this one volume one-sixth more of
matter than is contained in Chapman's Seiect Speeches, or
Williston's American Eloquence, in 5 vols. Svo each. It
comprises the substance of Prof. G.'s lectures on the great
English orators.
(i
A distinct volume," the author remarks, "would be
necessary for American eloquence if the lectures on that
subject should ever be published."
We trust the "distinct volume" will be published, and
also the author's lectures on Demosthenes' Oration for the
Crown. Such contributions to the cause of public educa-
tion are beyond price.
In 1856, he edited a r. Svo ed. of Webster's American
To
Dictionary of the English Language, exhibiting the Origin,
Orthography, Pronunciation, and Definition of Words.
which are added a Synopsis of Words differently pronounced
by different Orthoepists; and Walker's Key to the Classical
Pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and Scripture Proper Names,
revised and enlarged. With the Addition of a Vocabulary
of Modern Geographical Names, with their Pronunciation;
containing all the words in the Quarto Edition, and also
an arrangement of Synonyms under the leading Words,—
a new and important feature, and not to be found in any
other work, and particularly useful to young writers. It
embraces more than six hundred articles of this kind, being
a larger number than is contained in any similar work in
our language, with the exception of Crabbe. In the same
year he pub. (Webster's University Dictionary) A Pronoun-
cing and Defining Dictionary of the English Language;
abridged from Webster's American Dictionary, Svo, pp. 610.
Goodrich, Frank Boott, b. 1826, in Boston, son of
S. G. Goodrich, (Peter Parley.) For several years he was
the Paris correspondent of the N.Y. Times over the signa-
ture of Dick Tinto. 1. Tri-Colored Sketches of Paris, N.
Y., 1854, 12mo. 2. Court of Napoleon; or, Society under
the First Empire, with Portraits of its Beauties, Wits, and
Heroines, N.Y., 1857, r. 4to. An elegant volume. 3. Man
upon the Sea; or, History of Maritime Adventure, Explo-
ration, and Discovery, Phila., 1858, 8vo.
Phila., 1858, 8vo. 4. Women of
Beauty and Heroism, N.Y., 1859, r. 4to. This is a com-
panion-volume to No. 2.
Goodrich, Samuel Griswold, alias Peter Par-
ley, was born Aug. 19, 1793, at Ridgefield, Connecticut.
Shortly after attaining his majority, he commenced the
business of a publisher in Hartford, and devoted himself
to this branch of trade for some years. In 1823-24, he
visited England, France, Germany, and Holland, and not
long after his return home commenced the publication of
the famous Peter Parley volumes.
In 1828 Mr. Goodrich commenced the publication of
The Token, an original annual, which he edited for four-
teen years. In this series appeared many of his poems,-
for Peter Parley is a poet of no mean rank,-afterwards
pub., together with prose pieces, also contributed to The
Token, &c. under the title of Sketches from a Student's
Window, 1841. The Outcast and other Poems had pre-
ceded this vol. by four years, being pub. in 1837. In 1851
appeared a beautiful edit. of bis Poems, (including The
Outcast,) with Pictorial Illustrations. The designs (about
forty) are mostly by Mr. Billings, the engravings by Bob-
bett & Edmonds, Lossing & Barrett, Hartwell, and others,
and the printing by Mr. John F. Trow.
Mr. Goodrich has had an eye to intelligent legislation
as well as juvenile instruction; and his valuable parents'
assistant, entitled "Fireside Education," (1838, 12mo,)
was composed in sixty days, while the author was occupied
with the important duties devolving upon him as a member
of the Massachusetts Senate. How greatly parents have
been aided and encouraged-as well as children instructed
and delighted-through the earlier volumes of Parley's
――
"My experience as an author, has been not a little singular, in
one respect. While on the other side of the Atlantic my name has
been largely used, as a passport to the public, for books I never
wrote, attempts have been made in this country to deprive me of
the authorship of at least a hundred volumes which I did write.
It requires some patience to reflect upon this with equanimity; to
see myself. falsely, saddled with the paternity of things which are
either stupid, or vulgar, or immoral, or perhaps all together; and
then to be deprived, also by falsehood. of the means of effectually
throwing them off by appealing to genuine works-which have
obtained general favor-through a suspicion cast into the public
mind that I am a mere pretender, and that the real authorship
of these works belongs to another person,
+C
This, however, has been, and perhaps is, my position. at least
with some portion of the public. I have thought it worth while,
therefore, to print a catalogue of my genuine works, and also a list
of the false ones issued under my name, with such notes as seem
necessary to set the whole matter clearly before the public.
"The following comprise all my works, to the best of my recol
lection :
MISCELLANEOUS.
Date of No
publication. vols.
The Token-A New Year's and Christmas Present…...………….. 1828...14
[The first volume was issued in 1828, and it was con-
tinued, yearly. till 1842—15 years. 18mo and 12mo.
Edited by me, except that in 1829 it was edited by
N. P. Willis. Among the contributors to this work
were. E. Everett, Bishop Doane, A. II. Everett, J. Q.
Adams. II. W. Longfellow, I. McLellan, Jr., N. Haw-
thorne, Miss Sedgwick, Mrs. Sigourney, Willis Gay-
lord Clark, N. P. Willis, J. Neale, Grenville Mellen,
Geo. Lunt, John Pierpont. Caleb Cushing, II. Pick-
ering, Miss Leslie. T. II. Gallaudet, Mrs. Child, F.
W. P. Greenwood, Rev. T. Flint, H. F. Gould, W. L.
Stone, H. T. Tuckerman, Madame Calderon de la
Barea. O. W. Holmes. Mrs. Seba Smith, Mrs. Osgood,
Mrs. Lee, J. Inman, Horace Greeley, I. C. Pray, Or
ville Dewey, O. W. B. Peabody, James Hall, Mrs.
Hale, Mrs. Hofland, J. T. Fields, Miss M. A. Browne,
R. C. Waterston. Nath. Greene, H. H. Weld, G. C.
Verplanck, T. S. Fay, J. O. Rockwell, C. Sprague,etc.]
A History of All Nations. from the Earliest Period to the
Present Time-In which the History of every Nation,
Ancient and Modern, is separately given. Large Svo,
1200 pp......
[In the compilation of this work I had the assistance
of Rev. Royal Robbins, of Berlin, Conn., Rev. W. S.
Jenks, and Mr. S. Kettell, of Boston, and F. B.
Goodrich, of New York.]
A Pictorial Geography of the World. Large Svo, 1000 pp. 1840... ▲
[The first edition of this work was published in 1831,
but, being found imperfect, was revised and remo-
deled at this date In the original work I had the
assistance of J. O. Sargent and S. P. Holbrook, Esqs.,
and Mr. S. Kettell: the new edition was mainly
prepared by T. S. Bradford, Esq.]
Sow Well and Reap Well, or Fireside Education. 12mo. 1838... 1
A Pictorial History of America. Svo.....
1845... 1
Winter Wreath of Summer Flowers. 8vo. Colored En-
gravings....
The Outcast, and other Poems. 12mo..
Sketches from a Student's Window.
Poems. 12mo……………..
12mo....
Ireland and the Irish. 12mů....
Five Letters to my Neighbor Smith
Les Etats Unis d'Amérique. Svo.
[This was published in Paris.]
The Gem Book of British Poetry. Square 8vo.......
The Picture Play Book…..
Recollections of a Lifetime: or, Men and Things I have
Seen, in a series of Familiar Letters-Historical, Bio-
graphical, Anecdotical, and Descriptive: addressed to
a Friend. 12mo.....
SCHOOL BOOKS.
Ancient History, from the Creation to the Fall of Rome.
12mo......
Modern History, from the Fall of Rome to the present
time. 12mo.......
History of North America; or, The United States
jacent Countries. 18mo....
History of South America and the West Indies.
History of Europe. Smo.....
History of Asia. 18mo......
History of Africa. 18mo......
1849... 1
………….
[In the compilation of the preceding six volumes, ex-
cluding North America, I had large asɛistare from
Mr. S. Kettell.]
1853... 1
1836... 1
1841... 1
1851... 1
1842.. 1
1$39... 1
1852... 1
1854... 1
1855... 1
1846... 1
…….
and ad-
18mo... 1846... 1
1847... 1
1846... 1
1848... 1
1848... 1
1850... 1
1857... 2
700
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Date of No.
publícation. vols.
a Comprehensive Geography and History, Ancient and
Modern.
4to.....
The National Geography. 4to.....
A Primer of History, for Beginners at Home and School.
24mo.....
....
A Primer of Geography, for Home and School. With
Maps......
A Pictorial History of the United States. 12mo..
A Pictorial History of England. 12mo..
A Pictorial History of France.
12mo......
A Pictorial History of Greece. 12mo.
A Pictorial History of Rome.
12mo.....
[In the preparation of the preceding five volumes, I
had assistance from Dr. Alcott, Mr. J. Lowell, &c. I
was largely assisted in the preparation of Rome by
Mr. S. Kettell.)
A Pictorial Natural History. 12mo......
The Young American; or, A Book of Government and
Law. 12mo ……….
The Malte Brun School Geography. 16mo....
Maps for the same.
4to
The Child's Own Book of Geography; or, The Western
Hemisphere. With Maps. Square 12mo. (Out of print.) 1834... 1
The Child's Own Book of Geography; or, The Eastern
Hemisphere. With Maps. Square 12mo. (Out of print.) 1834... 1
Goodrich's First Reader. 18mo........
Goodrich's Second Reader. 18mo.........
Goodrich's Third Reader. 18mo...
Goodrich's Fourth Reader. 12mo....
Goodrich's Fifth Reader. 12mo.......
1846... 1
1846... 1
1846... 1
1846... 1
1846... 1
....
..
do.
The Tales of Peter Parley about America.
Do.
do.
Europe.
Peter Parley's Winter-Evening Tales.
Peter Parley's Juvenile Tales.
do.
do.
do.
The Tale of Peter Parley about Africa.
Do.
do.
Asia.
do.
Poter Parley's Tales about the Sun, Moon, and Stars.
Square 16mo....
TALES UNDER THE NAME OF PETER PARLEY.
Square 16mo. 1827... 1
1825... 1
1829... 1
1830... 1
1830... 1
1830... 1
Parley's Picture-Book. Square 16mo....
Parley's Short Stories for Long Nights. Square 16mo....
Peter Parley's Book of Anecdotes.
do.
Parley's Tales about Animals. 12mo.....
Persevere and Prosper; or, The Siberian Sable-Hunter.
18mo....
Tales of Sea and Land...
Every-Day Book. Square 16mo. (Out of print.)
Parley's Present for All Seasons. 12mo
Peter Parley's Tales of the Sea. Square 16mo......
Peter Parley's Tales about the Islands in the Pacific
Ocean. Square 16mo....
Peter Parley's Method of Telling about Geography.
Square 16mo.......
66
This work was remodelled and reproduced in 1844,
under the name of Parley's Geography for Begin-
ners, at Home and School." Two millions of copies
of it were sold: the publisher paid me three hun-
dred dollars for the copy-right, and made his for-
tune by it.j
Peter Parley's Tales about the World.
(Out of print.)....
Square 16mo.
Square 16mo.
Peter Parley's Tales about New York.
(Out of print.)..........
Peter Parley's Tales about Great Britain-Including Eng-
land, Scotland, and Ireland. Square 16mo. (Out of
print.)......
1849... 1
1849... 1
1850... 1
1850... 1
1846... 1
1846... 1
1846... 1
1846... 1
1848... 1
....
………….
1842... 1
1842... 1
1830... 1
4. Lives of Benefactors
1820... 1
A IIome in the Sea; or, The Adventures of Philip Brusque.
18mo....
.... 1843... 1
Make the Best of it; or, Cheerful Cherry, and other
Tales. 18mo......
... 1843... 1
Wit Bought; or, The Adventures of Robert Merry. 18mo. 18... 1
What to do, and How to do it; or, Morals and Manners.
18mo......
1844... 1
***
1830... 1
1831... 1
……….
1845... 1
1845... 1
Right is Might, and other Sketches. 18mo......
A Tale of the Revolution, and other Sketches. 18mo.... 1845... 1
Dick Boldhero; or. The Wonders of South America. 18mo. 1846... 1
Truth-Finder; or, Inquisitive Jack. 18mo........
1846... 1
Take Care of No. 1; or, The Adventures of Jacob Karl.
18mo...........
Parley's Wanderers by Sea and Land. 12mo...
Parley's Fagots for the Fireside. 12mo...
Parley's Balloon Travels of Robert Merry and his Young
Friends in various parts of Europe. 12mo....
Parley's Adventures of Gilbert Goahead. 12mo...... .....
Parley's Adventures of Billy Bump, all the way from
Sundown to California. (In press.)......
Parley's Balloon Travels of Robert Merry and his Young
Friends in the Holy Laud and other parts of Asia.
12mo. (In press.)...
1831... 1
1S32... 1
1834... 1
1834... 1
1834... 1
1836... 1
1831... 1
1850... 1
1846... 1
.... 1835... 1
1853... 1
1854... 1
1854... 1
1856... 1
1856... 1
1857... 1
1857... 1
PARLEY'S HISTORICAL COMPENDS.
Peter Parley's Universal History on the basis of Geogra-
phy. Large square 16mo....
1837... 2
1837... 1
.......
Peter Parley's Common School History. 12mo...
The First Book of History for Children and Youth. Large
square 12mo......
1831... 1
***
The Second Book of History-Designed as a Sequel to the
First Book of History. Large square 12mo........ 1832... 1
The Third Book of History-Designed as a Sequel to the
First and Second Books of History. Square 12mo...... 1833... 1
[The two preceding volumes were compiled under my
direction. and were then remodelled by me, but were
not published, nor were they intended to appear,
as by Peter Parley; they have, however, passed
under that name for several years.]
Parley's Tales about Ancient Rome, with some account
of Modern Italy. Square 16mo.....
Parley's Tales about Ancient and Modern Greece. Square
160........
Ilistoire des Etats Unis d'Amérique. Published in Paris
and the United States. 12mo...
D
Petite Histoire Universelle. Published in Paris and the
United States. 12mo......
[In the preparation of some of these, I had the aid of
N. Hawthorne and J. O. Sargent, Esqs., &c.]
PARLEY'S MISCELLANIES.
PARLEY'S CABINET LIBRARY: 20 vols. small 12mo, as follows:
BIOGRAPHICAL DEPARTMENT.
1. Lives of Famous Men of Modern Times.......
2. Lives of Famous Men of Ancient Times..
3. Curiosities of Human Nature.......
……………….
5. Lives of Famous American Indians..
6. Lives of Celebrated Women...
1831... 1 Parley's Panorama; or, The Curiosities of Nature and
Art, History and Biography. Large Svo, double co-
lumns
1830... 1
HISTORICAL DEPARTMENT.
7. Lights and Shadows of American History.
8. Lights and Shadows of European History.
9. Lights and Shadows of Asiatic History.
10. Lights and Shadows of African History.
11. History of the American Indians....
12. Manners. Customs, and Antiquities of the Ameri-
can Indians….....
MISCELLANEOUS.
13. A Glance at the Sciences…....
14. Wonders of Geology....
15. Anecdotes of the Animal Kingdom.
16. A Glance at Philosophy........
17. Book of Literature, with Specimens....
18. Enterprise, Industry, and Art of Man....
19. Manners and Customs of Nations..
20. The World and its Inhabitants.....
………………….
***
Date of Ka
publication Tois.
Parley's Book of the United States. Square 16mo..
Géographie Elémentaire. Svo.....
··
…………
1844-5... 1
<<
1
((
1
CC
<<
1832... 1
1833... 1
1853... 1
1853... 1
...
♥
<<
NO.
เ
ܝ
܀
.
.
ܝ
CC
(6
64
CC
* * * * * * * *
1
1
1
Jand Jan
1
1
1
1
Jund
1
Parley's Geography for Beginners. Square 16mo....
6.
[This is a reproduction and remodelling of Parley's
Method of Telling about Geography for Children."]
Parley's Farewell. Large square 16mo. (Out of print.)... 1836... 1
Parley's Arithmetic. Square 16mo
1833... 1
Parley's Spelling-Book. (Out of print.)..
1833... 1
1833... I
1854... 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
[Published at Paris.]
Elementary Geography. 8vo. With Maps.
1834... 1
[Published in London.]
Parley's Present. Small 24mo. (Out of print.)............ 1836... 1
Parley's Dictionaries-Of Botany, of Astronomy, of the
Bible, of Bible Geography, of History, of Commerce.
Six vols, large square 16mo....
Three Months at Sea. (an English book, with additions
and modifications.) Square 16mo......
The Captive of Nootka Sound. Square 16mo..
The Story of Capt. Riley.
1
1
1849... 1
1844... 1
do.
do.
The Story of La Perouse.
The Story of Alexander Selkirk. do.
Bible Stories, (a London book, with additions.) Square
16mo..
1833... 1
Parley's Magazine. Began 1832. Large square 12mo.... 1833... Į
[This work was planned and established by me: but
after about a year I was obliged to relinquish it,
from ill health and an affection of my eyes. It was
conducted, without any interest or participation on
my part, for about twelve years, when it ceased.]
Merry's Museum and Parley's Magazine. Large square
12mo. Commenced 1841
[This work was begun and established by me, under
the title of Merry's Museum, but after the discon-
tinuance of Parley's Magazine the latter title was
added. The work continued under my exclusive
editorship until I left for Europe in 1850; from that
time, while I had a general charge of the work, Rev.
S. T. Allen was the home editor. At the close of the
fourteenth year. (the twenty-eighth semi-annual
volume. 1854.) my connection with the work en-
tirely ceased.]
1834... 6
1832... 1
1832... 1
1832... 1
1832... I
1833... 1
1841...28
"Remarks.
"I thus stand before the public as the author and editor of about
one hundred and seventy volumes-one hundred and sixteen bear-
ing the name of Peter Parley. Of all these, about seven millions
of volumes have been sold: about three hundred thousand yo-
lumes are now sold annually.
(
"A recent writer in the Boston Courier has said that the lato
Mr. S. Kettell was the Veritable Peter Parley-thereby asserting,
in effect, and conveying the impression, that, he being the author
of the Parley Books, I, who have claimed them, am an impostor.
He has, moreover, claimed for him, in precise terms, the actual
authorship of various works which have appeared under my own
proper name. For reasons which will appear hereafter, I deem it
necessary to expose this impudent attempt at imposture-absurd
and preposterous as it appears upon its very face.
..
First, as to the Parley Books:—it will probably be sufficient for
me to make the following statement. In respect to the thirty-six
701
GOO
GOO
rolumes of Parley's Tales, in the preceding list, the earlier num-
bers of which began and gave currency to the entire Parley series,
no person except myself ever wrote a single sentence.
"As to Purley's Historical Compends-some nine or ten volumes
-I had the assistance of N. Hawthorne and J. O. Sargent, Esqs..
and others; but Mr. Keltell never wrote a line of any one of them!
"As to Parley's Miscellanies-about fifty volumes-I had some
assistance from several persons in about a dozen of them. Mr.
Kettell wrote a few sketches for five or six volumes of the Cabinet
Library, which I adapted to my purpose, and inserted: this is the
whole extent of his participation in the entire Purley series—one hun-
dred and sixteen volumes!
" He never wrote, planned, conceived, or pretended to be the au
thor of a single volume bearing Purley's name. The pretence thus
sel up for him, since his death, is as preposterous as it is impudent
and false. It would be, indeed, about us reasonable to claim for him
the authorship of Don Quixote, or Gil Blas, or Pilgrim's Progress,
as thus to give him the title of the “Veritable Peter Purley.'
··
The writer above noticed also claims for Mr. Kettell the chief
authorship of Merry's Museum, extending to about thirty volumes
large octavo. This claim is disposed of by the following letter
from Rev. S. T. ALLEN-better qualified than any other person to
be a witness in the case :-
"New York, Jan. 28, 1856.
"S. G. GOODrich, Esq.:
"Dear Sir:-I have read the several articles in the Boston Courier,
signed · Veritas,' claiming for the late Mr. Kettell the authorship
of Peter Parley's Tules, Merry's Museum, &c. As you request from
ine a statement as to my knowledge on the subject, I cheerfully
give it, which you can publish if you please.
“I purchased, with an associate, the entire Merry's Museum in
1848 or 1849, from the beginning in 1841, and have been its pub-
lisher until October last; that is, over six years. I have nearly,
from that time to the present, been its editor, wholly or in part.
During this period. Mr. Kettell has never written any thing for the
work. It is within my knowledge that he wrote some articles in
the earlier volumes. probably in all not exceeding one hundred
and eighty to two hundred pages. His principal articles were the
Travels of Thomas Trotter' and 'Michael Kastolf; these pos-
sessed no particular merit, and did not aid or advance the reputa-
tion of the work.
(
"The articles by you, extending through fifteen volumes, nearly
all of which have since been separately published as Peter Parley's
Tales, gave life, circulation, and character to the work. I have had
large opportunity to judge of this matter, as I bave been, for more
than six years, in constant communication with the subscribers,
(ten or twelve thousand in number,) and I say, unhesitatingly,
that your articles in the Museum have fully sustained your repu-
tation as the ablest, best-known, and most popular writer for youth
in this country.
"I may say, furthermore, that I have lately been in Europe, and
it is within my knowledge that Parley's works have been published
there in various languages, and are highly esteemed.
"I further state that I have read your reply to the Boston Cou-
rier and Veritas' of January 13, and so far as my knowledge ex-
tends, and especially in respect to Merry's Museum, it is strictly
correct.
"I need hardly say, in conclusion, therefore, that I consider these
claims of the Boston Courier and Veritas,' in favour of Mr. Ket-
tell, as wholly without foundation. All that can properly be said
is, that, out of five or six thousand pages of Merry's Museum, he con-
tributed about two hundred pages, marked with no particular excel-
lence. The only qualification that need be made is, that I have
understood that Mr. Kettell had some general superintendence of
the work for about six months, while you were absent in Europe;
that is, from September, 1847, to March, 1848. Even during this
period, Mr. Kettell's labors seem to have been confined to writing
a few small articles and reading the proofs.
"Yours respectfully,
STEPHEN T. ALLEN.
"B" Here, then, are eight-and-twenty volumes of Merry's Museum,
in addition to eighty-eight volumes of Purley's works, rescued from
the claims of this wholesale literary burglar.
"Another claim in behalf of Mr. Kettell is, that he was the au-
thor of various valuable and important school-books, such as the
Pictorial History of the United States, a Pictorial History of Greece,
&c. &c. &c. The subjoined letter from Mr. George Savage, of the late
firm of Huntington & Savage, and now associated with Mr. J. H.
Colton & Co., Map and Geography Publishers in New York, will
settle this claim also.
"New York, Jan. 31, 1856.
•
•
"MR. GOODRICH :
6
“Dear Sir:—I have looked over the several attacks made upon
you in the Boston Courier by Veritas,' claiming that Mr. Kettell
was the author of several books which bear your name.
I am
acquainted with the history of several of these works; and, so far
as my knowledge extends, the statements of · Veritas' are entirely
destitute of foundation. I can speak positively as to four of the
books-the Geographies-Parley's,' the Primer,' the National,'
and the 'Comprehensive,' for I am, and have been for some years,
their proprietor and publisher. I have also been interested in
them from the beginning, and it is within my knowledge that you |
wrote them wholly and entirely. The statements of Veritas' as
to Mr. Kettell's authorship of the Pictorial History of Greece and
the United States are equally untrue.
Veritas' quotes a contract between you and Mr. Kettell of
May 26, 1846, to show that Mr. Kettell had written some of the
'Parley's Compends of History.' If he will look at the books re-
ferred to in this contract, he will see that your name is given as
the author, and not Parley's.
"I have seen your replies, and, having had a large knowledge
of your operations, I think your statements have been exact, rea
sonable, and just. and have no doubt the public will think so.
GEORGE SAVAGE,
"Yours, truly,
I speak of these works, because I have been engaged in pub-
lishing them, or most of them. It is evident that the articles in
It is evident that the articles in
the Courier are written, throughout, with great rashness; and,
though I do not impugn the motives of the writer, I feel free to
kay that, so far as they depend upon him, they seem to me e¬tely
unworthy of coufidence.
"Another claim, in behalf of Mr. Kettell, made by this adven.
turous writer, is, that the History of All Nations-a work of 1200
pages, royal 8vo, which appears under my name-was published,
with the exception of a few dry pages, 'as it came from Mr. Ket
tell's graceful and flowing pen! In reply, I offer the following
letter, to which I invite the special attention of the reader, inas-
much as it not only refutes this audacious pretence, but it explains
the nature of my connection with Mr. Kettell, the reason why I
employed him, and the nature and extent of the services he ren-
dered me:
"New York, Feb. 3, 1856.
"TO THE EDitor of the Boston COURIER :
"Sir:-I have read the controversy which has been progressing
for some weeks in your journal, as to the alleged claims of Mr.
Kettell to the authorship of several works which have appearol
under my father's name.
"These claims, urged after Mr. Kettell's death, and by a perscu
totally irresponsible, seem hardly to merit serious consideration;
but as they have been pressed in a spirit of evident hostility and
malice, it may be well for me to state what I know upon the
subject.
For the last ten years I have been familiar with my father's
literary labours. I have seen the greater part of the manuscripts
sent to the printing-office, and have read the greater part of the
proofs returned, and can bear witness to the accuracy of the state-
ments made in this connection, in my father's letter, published in
the New York Times of the 31st December. Ilaving suffered
severely from weak eyes for the past twenty-five years, he has
been obliged to use the services of others in consulting author-
ities, and sometimes in blocking out work to be afterwards syste
matized and reduced to order by him. In this, Mr. Kettell was
his principal assistant. He wrote always, as I understood it, as
an assistant, and in no sense as an author. His manuscripts were
never finished so as to be fit for the press. Their publication, as
they were, would have been futal to the reputation of any man who
should have taken the responsibility of them. It was my father's
task, after having planned these works, to read and remodel the
rough drafts of Mr. Kettell, to suit them to his own views, and to
prepare them for the public eye. This was, in some cases, a more
serious and fatiguing labor than it would have been to write the
work from the beginning. I may add that at one period Mr. Ket-
tell's manuscripts were referred to me for examination, and that
I was empowered to accept or reject them. Somewhat later I had,
for a time, occasion to remodel, adapt, and partly to re-write such
portions as were accepted.
*
(
"I have, naturally, no wish to detract from the merits of Mr.
Kettell. But in regard to the History of All Nations, a work
attributed by Veritas' to the graceful and flowing pen of Mr.
Kettell,' I must state that five persons (Mr. Kettell, Rev. Mr. Rob
bins, of Berlin, Conn., Rev. Mr. Jenks, of Boston, myself, and my
father) were engaged upon it; the heaviest share-the plan, the
fitting, the refining, the systematizing, and the general views-
falling upon the latter. Perhaps Veritas' will pardon me if I
claim for myself the entire authorship of seventy-five pages. so
confidently attributed by him to the graceful and flowing pen
of Mr. Kettell.'
•
“Take notice, Mr. Editor, that I append my real name to this com·
munication. In controversies of this kind, where honor, truth, and
the mointenance of a good name are involved, anmymous corre
spondence is held by the community to argue in its author meanness,
treachery, and cowardice. I think Mr. Kettell, were he living,
would be the first to disavow this eager service in his behalf by
his irresponsible advocate. I am yours, respectfully,
"F. B. GOODRICH.
"I believe I may now leave this matter to the judgment of the
public, with a few brief observations:
"The enormous claims in behalf of Mr. Kettell, set up by the
Boston Courier and its anonymous correspondent Veritas,' bave
been disposed of as follows:
•
"1. Mr. Kettell never wrote a line of the thirty-six volumes of
Purley's Tales; never a line of the ten volumes of Purley's Histo i-
cal Compends, expressly and repeatedly claimed for him; and of
the fifty volumes of Parley's Miscellanies he only wrote a few
sketches in half a dozen of them. To pretend, therefore, that he
is the Veritable Peter Parley,' is as gross an imposture as to call
him the Veritable Author of Pickwick, or Guy Mannering, or tre
Spectator.
:
2. The claim for Mr. Kettell of the authorship of Merry's Ma-
scum-thirty volumes-is reduced to the writing of about two
hundred pages of indifferent matter, as a correspondent.
"3. His claim to the authorship of the History of Greece, History
of the United States, Parley's Geography, the Primer of Geography,
National Geography, Comprehensive Geography and History,-posi
tively asserted by Veritas,'-is shown to be false in the beginning,
the middle, and the end.
“4. The audacious claim of the entire authorship of the History
of All Nations comes to this: that Mr. Kettell was one of four per·
sons who assisted me in the compilation of that work.
"5. It appears, inasmuch as my eyes were weak for a series of
twenty-five years, rendering it sometimes impossible for me to
consult books, that I employed Mr. Kettell to block out several
works, according to plans minutely and carefully prescribed by
me; and that the materials thus furnished were reduced to
method, style, and manner, by me. so as to suit my own taste:
and that the works were published as thus remodeled, and not
as they were written by him. It appears, furthermore, that all
this was done with Mr. Kettell's full consent, upon written and
explicit agreements, and that he never did plan, devise, contrive,
or finally prepare, any book published under my name, nor was
he, nor did he ever claim to be, the author of any book thus pub
lished.
702
GOO
GOO
“6. It is material to state, distinctly, that while 'Veritas' claims
for Mr. Kettell the entire authorship of over one hundred and
twenty volumes of my works, he (Mr. Kettell) never assisted me,
In any way or in any degree, in more than twenty volumes, and
these only in the manner above indicated; that is. in blocking
out works, mostly historical, under my direction, aud to be finished
by me.
"7. I do not mean by this to depreciate Mr. Kettell's abilities;
but, inasmuch as these audacious claims in his behalf have been
pertinaciously and impudently urged. it is proper for me, in this
formal manner, to reduce them to their true dimensions.
(6
8. While I thus acknowledge the assistance rendered me by
Mr. Kettell in my historical compilations. it is proper to state that
I had the aid of other persons-some of them of higher name and
fame than he. Among my assistants were N. Hawthorne, E. Sar-
gent, J. O. Sargent, S. P. Holbrook, Esqs., Rev. Royal Robbins, Rev.
E. G. Smith, Rev. W. S. Jenks, and others. The claims of Veri-
tas,' if admitted, would not only rob me of the authorship of a
hundred volumes, which I wrote, but would transfer to Mr. Ket-
tell about twenty volumes, to which several other authors contri-
buted with greater ability than he.
C
“9. I think it may be safely assumed that in the history of lite-
rature there is not a more impudent attempt at imposture than
this, which originated in the Boston Courier. It is easy to coin-
prehend why the author has not dared to give his name to the
public but has continued to make his attacks behind the mask
of an anonymous title. That I deem myself called upon to notice
him arises from the fact that he derived a certain color of author-
ity from the Editor of the Courier, and from publishing papers and
documents belonging to Mr. Kettell's heirs-though these con-
tributed in no degree either to refute the statement here made or
to substantiate any portion of the claims here referred to.
10. Literary history is full of instances in which littleness,
allied to malignity, has signalized itself by seeking to deprive
authors of their just claims; and, while thus doing wrong to their
literary labors, attempting also to degrade them in the eyes of
the world as guilty of appropriating to themselves honors which
do not belong to them. It is also a vice of base minds to believe
imputations of this sort without evidence, or even against evi-
dence, when once they have been suggested. I do not think it
best, therefore, to leave my name to be thus dealt with by future
pretenders, who may desire to emulate this Boston adventurer.
SPURIOUS PARLEY BOOKS.
AMERICAN COUNTERFEITS AND IMPOSITIONS.
"In the United States the name of Parley has been applied to
several works of which I am not the author, though for the most
part from mistake and not from fraudulent designs. The follow-
ing are among the number:
Parley's Washington. 18mo..
Parley's Columbus.
Parley's Franklin.
do.
do.
The name of Parley is not in the title-page of any
of these works, but is put upou the back, and they
are sold as Parley books, but without authority,
though at the outset, as I believe, with no im-
proper design.]
…………… «
Parley's Miscellanies. 18mo......
Parley's Consul's Daughter, and other Tales. 18mo......
Parley's Tales of Humor.
18mo......
Parley's Tales of Terror. do.
Parley's Tales for the Times. do.
Parley's Tales of Adventure. do.
[The publication of this series, under the name of
Parley, is, I believe, abandoned, as 1 remonstrated
with the publishers against it, as a fraud upon the
public.]
Date of No.
publication. vols.
1832... 1
1832... 1
1832... 1
....4
Parley's Picture-Books-12 kinds…………....
[These I have not seen: they are, however, imposi-
tions.]
The Rose, by Peter Parley...
The Bud, by Peter Parley...
The Mines of different Countries, by Peter Parley
The Garden, by Peter Parley.....
O
……………
•
The Gift, by Peter Parley.
The Flower-Basket, by Peter Parley..
Fairy Tales, by Peter Parley..
****
………….
[The preceding seven volumes I have not seen, but
I find them in some of the American catalogues.
Thoy are all spurious.]
Parley's Book of Books. Square 16mo.....
(This book, I believe, consists of extracts from Par-
ley's Magazine. Its publication in this form, so
far as it may convey the idea that it is written by
me, is deceptive.]
Parley's Pictorial-A book for Home Education and
Family Entertainment. Svo........
Parley's Household Library. Svo.....
[These two works are from old altered plates of Par-
ley's Magazine, and are designed to deceive the
public by making it believe that they are origi-
nal works, and by the author of Parley's Tales.
They are a gross and shameful imposition.]
ENGLISH COUNTERFEITS AND IMPOSITIONS.
[The London publishers and authors have made a
large business of preparing and publishing Parley
books. Some of these are republications, without
change, from the genuine American editions, to
which I make no objection; some are the genuine
works, more or less altered; and many others are
counterfeits..every means being used to pass them
off upon the public as by the original author of
...
..
...
…….
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Parley's Tales. Among the most notorious of these
are the following:
1
Date of
No.
publication. vula
Peter Parley's Annual. A Christmas and New Year's
Present. Published by Darton & Co.......
[This is a large 16mo, with colored engravings,
and has been continued from 1841 to 1855-14
volumes.]
Peter Parley's Royal Victoria Game of the Kings and
Queens of England. 18mo. Darton & Co.......
1834... 1
Parley's Book of Gymnastics. Sq. 16mo. Darton & Co. 1840... 1
Parley's Parting Gift.
do.
do.
1846...
do.
1855... 1
do.
do.
do.
Parley's Book of Industry.
Parley's Book of Poetry.
Parley's Ireland.
do.
1843... 1
do.
1843... 1
Parley's Wonders of Earth, Sea, and Sky.
Square 16mo.
Square 16mo.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
•
The conduct of all these parties places them, morally,
on a footing with other counterfeiters and forgers:
public opinion, in the United States, would con-
sign persons conducting in this manner to the
same degree of reprobation. Can it be that, in
England, a man who utters a counterfeit five-
pound note is sent to Newgate, while another may
issue thousands of counterfeit volumes and not
destroy his reputation?”]
The above list certainly presents a tolerable proof that
Mr. Goodrich has been no idler in the Republic of Letters.
And his works are not among those which clog the book-
seller's shelves and excite his periodical indignation on
the annual review of his stock in trade. They may be
....12 emphatically called "Live Stock,"-for of some of them
more than fifty thousand copies are circulated every year,
and of all of them, as before stated, the aggregate sale
amounts to about three hundred thousand volumes annu-
ally-in all about seven millions of volumes have been
sold! And here we must remark that it would be a great
error to suppose that PETER PARLEY confines his energios
to his personal aggrandizement only:
1
"Mr. Goodrich has been a liberal patron of American authors and
artists; and it is questionable whether any other person has done
as much to improve the style of the book manufacture. or to prʊ-
mote the arts of engraving. It is believed that he has put in circula-
tion more than two [seven] millions of volumes of his own produc
tions; all of which inculcate pure morality and cheerful views of
life. His style is simple and unaffected; the flow of his verse me
lodious; and his subjects generally such as he is capable of treat-
ing most successfully.”—Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America.
1 Can an author desire higher commendation than that
1 which follows?
1853... 1
1840... 1
1848... 1
1948... 1
1842... 1
1839... 1
1841... 1
1853... 1
1845... 1
1844... 1
Peter Parley's Visit to London during the Coronation.
Sq. 16mo. Bogue..
1838... 1
Peter Parley's Tales of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Sq. 16mo. Tegg......
1842... 1
Peter Parley's Mythology of Greece and Rome. Sq. 16mo.
Tegg....
1841... 1
Peter Parley's Tales of Greece, Ancient and Modern.
Square 16mo. Tegg....
1842... 1
Peter Parley's Tales of Ancient Rome and Modern Italy.
Sq. 16mo. Tegg....
Peter Parley's Tales about Christmas. Sq. 16mo.
Peter Parley's Shipwrecks.
Parley's Plants.
do.
do.
do.
1840... 1
Tegg. 1839... 1
do. 1846... 1
do. 1839... 1
do. 1$37... 1
Parley's Modern Geography
Parley's Bible Geography. Sq. 16mo. J. S. Hodson...... 1839... 1
Parley's Child's First Step. Sq. 16mo.
Sq. 16mo. Clements..... 1839... 1
[There are still other counterfeits of Parley's works,
issued by various parties in London. The utter
disregard of truth, honor, and decency, on the
part of respectable British authors and publishers
in this wholesale system of imposition and injustice,
is all the more remarkable when we consider that
the British public, and especially the British
authors and booksellers, are denouncing us in
America as pirates, for refusing international copy-
right.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Square 16mo.
Parley's Odds and Ends.
Parley's Peeps at Paris
Parley's Prize Book.
ao.
Parley's School Atlas.
Parley's Canada.
Parley's China and the Chinese. do.
Parley's Child's Own Atlas. Square.
Parley's Life and Journey of St. Paul.
Simpkins......
Peter Parley's Lives of the Twelve Apostles. Sq. 16mo.
Bogue.......
1841...14
***
··
“For twenty years he has preserved the confidence of parents
and teachers of every variety of condition and opinion, by an in-
defectible morality and strong practical sense, which are univer
sally understood and approved.”—International Magazine, ii. 154.
+6
Mr. Parley has too much reputation as a popular instructor
of the young, to need any very urgent recommendation on our
part."-Lon. Monthly Repository.
“The honoured name of Peter Parley (S. G. Goodrich) when pro
nounced calls to mind many of the pleasantest incidents of our
youth. For more than twenty years his delightful compositions
have instructed and edified children in both hemispheres; and it
is to be regretted that unprincipled usurpers have invaded the
field of his well-earned fame, even under his own banuer.".
Trū'mer's Bibliographical Guide to Amer. Lit.
Goodrich, Simon. Clocks; Nic. Jour. 1799.
.703
GOO
GOO
$
Goodrich, Thomas, d. 1554, Bishop of Ely, 1534,
aided in the revision of the trans. of the New Testament,
1540, in the compilation of the Common Prayer Book of
1548, and in The Institution of a Christian Man; or, the
Bishop's Book. See Burnet's Reformation: Strype's
Cranmer; Strype's Parker; Master's Hist. of C. C. C., C.;
Bentham's Hist. of Ely.
Goodrick, John, Bishop of Norwich. A thanks
giving Serm. for Victory over the Rebels, on Ps. xlvi.
10, 11, 1685, 4to.
Goodricke, Henry. 1. Observ. on Dr. Price's Civil
Liberty, &c., Lon.. 1776, Svo. 2. A Speech, 1779, 8vo.
Goodricke, John.
John. Astronom. con. to Phil. Trans.,
1783, '85, '86.
Goodridge, John. The Phoenix; or, Reasons for
believing that the Comet is the real Phoenix of the An-
cients, Lon., 1781, Svo.
Goodsir, John. Con. to Annals of Med., 1801, '02.
Goodwin. Transubstantiation, Lon., 1688, fol.
Goodwin, Christopher. See GooDWYN.
Goodwin, E. S., of Sandwich, Mass., d. 1833, aged
46. Serms.
Goodwin, Francis, an eminent architect, d. 1835.
Domestic Architecture. New ed., Lon., 1835, r. 4to; 96
plates. New ed., including the supplement, 1850, 2 vols.
4to. This eminent architect designed many of the hand-
some buildings which arrest the eye of the traveller in the
midland counties of England, and in parts of Ireland.
Lissadell Court is one of his works, and in the vols. noticed
above will be found the details connected with the erection
of this pile. Perhaps the Manchester Town-Hall is bis
chef-d'œuvre. At the time of his death he was preparing
plans for the erection of the new Houses of Parliament.
His intense application to this duty brought on a fit of
apoplexy, which proved fatal.
The
Goodwin, George. Melissa Religionis Pontifica
ejusdemque apostrope X. Elegiis, Lon., 1620, 4to.
same in English, by John Vicars, Lon., 1624, 4to.
Goodwin, Harvey, late Fellow and Mathemat. Lec-
turer of Gonville and Caius College. 1. Elementary Course
of Mathematics; 5th ed., 1857, 8vo. 2. Problems to above,
1847, 8vo. 3. Parish Serms., 1847, 12mo. 4. Second
Series of do., 1851, 12mo. 5. Four Serms., 1853, 12mo.
6. Short Serms. at Celeb. of Lord's Supper, 1853, 12mo.
7. Comment. on the Gospel of St. Matthew, 1857, p. 8vo.
Goodwin, Isaac. 1. The Town Officer; or, Laws of
Mass. rel. to the Duties of Municipal Officers, &c., Wor-
cester, 1825, 12mo.
"Mr. Goodwin has adopted the plan of Dickinson's Town Officer,
or rather, we should say, the plan of every author of Digests and
Abridgments, from Brooke to Bigelow, and has done his work
more thoroughly than any of his predecessors."-4 U. S. Lit.
Guz., 31.
2. The New England Sheriff, Worcester, 1830, 8vo.
To every Sheriff. Coroner and Coustable, it will be an indis-
pensable manual.”—5 Amer. Jur., 208.
Goodwin, John, 1593-1665, an independent divine,
was a zealous republican, and promoted the condemnation
of Charles I., and afterwards endeavoured to justify his
course by writing a pamphlet called The Obstructors of
Justice, 1649, 4to. This, together with Milton's Eicono-
clastes, and Defensio pro Populo Anglicano, were, on the
Restoration, burnt by the common hangman, Aug. 27,
1660. He was educated at Queen's Coll., Camb.; pre-
sented to the living of St. Stephen's, Coleman Street,
London, 1633; dismissed for refusing to baptize the chil-
dren of his parishioners promiscuously, and to administer
the Lord's Supper to his whole parish. He became a
warm Arminian, and was a zealous supporter of his
a zealous supporter of his
opinions. He pub. a number of theolog. and political
works, of which the following are the best known.
Treatise of Justification, Lon., 1642, fol. New ed., by
Wesley, 12mo.
1.
“John Goodwin, not yet turned Arminian, preached and wrote
with great diligence about justification, against the rigid sense
of imputation; who being answered by Mr. Walker and Mr.
Roborough, with far inferior strength, his book had the greater
success for such answerers.”—BAXTER.
2. The Divine Authority of Scripture Asserted, 1648, 4to.
"Possessed of very considerable merit. It contains more origi-
nality and ingenious biblical interpretation than most books of
the period known to me; and throughout it breathes a spirit of
the purest plety towards God, and of good will towards men.".
Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"It has ever been considered a masterpiece of polemical theo-
logy."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
A work of great value: full of sound theology and original
views of the Bibie.”—Lm. Chris. Instructor.
Enquiry into the Proceedings of the Army under Lord
Fairfax, &c., 1648, 4to.
"This was considered, at the time of its publication, one of the
most powerful and successful pamphlets, written on religious
principles, in favour of the Republican army.”—Lowndes's Bibl.
Man.
4. Redemption Redeemed, 1651, fol. New ed., 1840, 8vo.
"The ablest defence of general redemption that ever appeared
in an English dress, and may be fairly considered as exhibiting
the strength of that cause.”—Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
Though assailed by Twisse and others, Goodwin's work has
never been successfully refuted.”
"Redemption Redeemed is perhaps as powerful a plea for Ar-
minian views as has been published. If you read it, read also
Kendall's and Owen's able Replies."-BICKErsteth.
Thos. Lamb and Richard Resbury were also among the
answerers to this work.
5. An Exposition of the Ninth Chap. of the Epist. of
St. Paul to the Romans. New ed., with a Pref. by Thomas
Jackson, 1835, Svo.
..
· An able and earnest defence of the important tenet of justifica
tion by faith."-Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
Wesleyan) for the publication, in so very handsome a form, of this
The public owes some gratitude to Mr. Jackson (the eminent
standard work of Goodwin's, in which the Arminian doctrine is
most ably advocated. Goodwin's ironical preface to the Lord-
Mayor and Aldermen, as a theological council, is first-rate in its
way."-British Magazine.
6. Christian Theology, selected and systematically ar-
ranged from his Writings, with Life, by Saml. Dunn,
1836. 7. Life by Jackson, Svo.
“An able defence of this celebrated Arminian.”—Bickerstethi's
Chris. Stu.
"Contains many curious particulars about the author and his
times."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Goodwin's violence as a politician has prejudiced many
against him, not without cause, we think; but as a theo-
logian few have been more highly commended.
1
6.
a marvellous faculty in descanting on Scripture." -DR. CALAMY.
His great learning, good sense, and extraordinary style for
that day, render his works worth reading.”—JOHN ORTON.
(.
He possessed no ordinary portion of strength and originality
of mind, a large measure of disinterested zeal, and a capacity for
usefulness which was exceeded by few of his contemporaries."-.
ORME.
A person whom his worth, pains, diligence, and opinions, and
the contests wherein on their account he hath publicly engaged,
have delivered him from being the object of any ordinary thoughts
or expressions. Nothing not great, not considerable, not some
way eminent, is by any spoken of him, either consenting with
him, or dissenting from him."-DR. OWEN.
“He had a clear head, a fluent tongue, a penetrating spirit, and
▾
See Neal's Puritans; Calamy; Barton's Remains, p. 122.
Goodwin, John, Rector of Clapham, Surrey. Serm.
on Prov. xix. 2, 1738, 4to.
Goodwin, Nath.
Goodwin, P. A.
Hartford, 12mo.
Serms., 1705, &c., 4to.
Memoirs of Andrew Jackson,
Goodwin, Peter. Serms., 1732, '37, '40, Svo.
Goodwin, Philip, d. 1699? Vicar of Watford, pub.
a work on the Lord's Supper, one on Dreams, and other
treatises, 1649–58.
3. Right and Might well met: or a briefe and impartiall sciences."
Goodwin, Simon. The Messiah; a Poem, Lon.,
1772, 4to.
Goodwin, T. The Loyal Shepherd, or the Rustic
Heroine; a Dram. Past. Poem., Lon., 1779, Svo.
Goodwin, Thomas, D.D., 1600-1697, a high-Cal-
vinist Independent divine, a native of Rolesby, Norfolk,
was educated at Christ Church and Catherine Hall, (of
which he became Fellow,) Camb.; Lecturer of Trinity
Church, Camb., 1628; Vicar, 1632; relinquished his pre-
ferments, 1634, and became pastor of an Independent
congregation at Arnheim, Holland; returned to London,
and became a member of the Assembly of Divines; Pre-
sident of Magdalen Coll., Oxf., 1649; ejected at the
Restoration; preached in London until his death in 1697.
After his death a number of his works-valuable theolo-
gical treatises-were pub. in 5 vols. fol., 1681, '83, '92,
'97, 1704, but some pub. in his lifetime (1647, 4to) were
not included,-viz.: Certain Select Cases Resolved; A
Child of Light walking in Darkness; The Returne of
Prayers; The Tryall of a Christian's Growth, &c.; Ag
Forth; The Heart of Christ; Encouragements to Faith;
gravation of Sinne, &c.; Vanitie of Thoughts; Christ set
and also-in the collective ed. of his works-Christ the
Universal Peace-Maker. Some other treatises and sepa-
rate series were also pub. before his death. See Bibl.
Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Darling's Cyc. Bibl., and
authorities below.
"Goodwin's pieces published in his lifetime are the most valuable.
... Many accurate and valuable remarks on Scripture. The Child
of Light walking in Darkness is very useful for afflicted con
sciences." See Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
704
GOO
'GOR
Bickersteth styles Goodwin's Exposition of the 1st and
part of the 24 chapter of Ephesians
"A remarkable display of the riches of the Scriptures, and full
of evangelical matter.”—Christian Student.
"IIIs Works, besides many discourses, include an exposition of
part of the Epistle to the Ephesians, part of the book of Revela
tion, and some other portions of Scripture; but, from their extent
and prolixity, they are not likely to be much consulted. · Dr.
Goodwin was a learned man, said to be rather high in his Calvin-
istic sentiments, (though I have not observed much of this,) but
excelled in expounding the Scriptures. He delighted to search
into abstruse and difficult texts. The least particle of speech came
under his notice, and in numerous instances he has made it ap-
pear how much depends upon the connecting particles in Scrip-
ture, which are generally overlooked.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Dr. Goodwin, with sentiments truly evangelical, and a most
Lappy talent at opening, sifting, and displaying the hidden riches
of Scripture.”—HERVEY.
Anthony à Wood considered Owen and Goodwin the
two Atlases and Patriarchs of Independency.
“Dr. Goodwin's Works are numerous, and, in point of sentiment.
valuable. ... He was a good scholar, and an eminent divine and
textuary. His style is involved and obscure.”—Dr. E. Williams's
C. I.
|
"A Puritan Divine of very superior powers, whose writings cast
much light on the Scriptures on which he treats. He enters very
filly into the peculiar mode of expression in the sacred writings,
is very evangelical, and full of useful matter."-Bickersteth's C. S.
Goodwin's treatises-original edits.-had become very
scarce and dear; but the new edits., 1840-51, pub. by
Mr. Shaw, Seeleys, and the London Religious Tract So-
ciety, have reduced the value of the former. See Athen.
Oxon.; Calamy; Neal's Puritans.
Goodwin, Thomas, son of the preceding, and
pastor of a Dissenting congregation at Pinner, Middlesex.
A Discourse of the True Nature of the Gospel. In an-
swer to the Rev. Mr. Thos. Lorimer's Apology, Lon.,
1695, 4to.
Goodwin, Thomas. Hist. of the Reign of Henry
V., King of England, &c., Lon., 1704, fol.
"Compiled from good authorities." See Bp. Nicolson's Eng.
Ilist. Lib.
Goodwin, or Goodwyn, Thomas, surgeon. Hamp-
stead Waters and Bathing, Lon., 1804, 12mo.
Goodwin, Wm. Serm. Oxon., 1614, 4to.
Goodwyn, or Goodwin, Christopher. 1. The
Chauce of the Dolorous Louer, Lon., 1520, 4to.
“Mr. Heber's richly-furnished library may boast of a copy of it."
Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
“A lamentable story without pathos."-Wurton's Hist. of Eng.
Poet.
But not without passion for thus the "Dolorous Louer"
apostrophizes his Ladie Faire :
“O rubycunde ruby and perle most argent,
O gyloffer gentyll and swete flowre delyce,
O daynte dyamounde and moost resplendent,
O doulcet blossome of a full grete pryce."
Could the lady resist an appeal so impassioned?
2. The Mayden's Dreme, compyled and made, 1542,
sine anno, 4to.
"A vision without imagination.”—WARTON: ubi supra.
Goodwyn, Edmund, M.D. Med. treatise, 1786,
'S8, Svo.
Goodwyn, H. Interest Table; Nic. Jour., 1801.
Goodwyn, John. Gauging, Lon., 1594, 16mo.
Goodwyn, Thomas. See GOODWIN.
Goodyear, Aaron. Serpent's Bite, Phil. Trans., 1698.
Goodyeare, Wm., merchant. Trans. of John Car-
themy's Wandering Knight, Lon., 1584; again, sine anno,
4to. We have already noticed this allegorical work; see
BUNYAN, JOHN; Lon. Retrosp. Rev., i. 250, 1820.
Googe, Barnaby, b. 1538? a poet and translator,
of whom but little is known, was educated at Christ's
Coll., Cambridge, whence he removed to Staples Inn. See
authorities cited below. 1. Trans. of the Firste Three
Bokes of Palingenius's Zodiake of Lyfe, Lon., 1560. The
The
trans. of the Firste Syxe Bokes was pub. in 1561, 12mo.
The whole in 1565, 16mo, Svo, and 4to; 1588, 4to. These
edits. are rare; Bibl. Anglo-Poet., edit. of 1561, £5 58.;
of 1565, £9 9s.; of 1588, £6 68.
"Googe's Zodiac of Palingenius was a favourite performance,
and is constantly classed with the poetical translations of the
period by cotemporary critics. The work itself was written by
G. A. Manzolius, and contains sarcasms against the Pope, the Car
dinals, and the Church of Rome."-ELLIS.
But see Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poet.
"This poem is a general satire on life, yet without peevisbness
or malevolence; and with more of the solemnity of the censor
than the petulance of the satirist."-WARTON: ubi supra.
"Copious extracts from this wretchedly dull book are given in
Cons. Lit.;-but why are they given?”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
2. Eglogs, Epitaphes, and Sonnettes, 1563, 8vo; 1570, 4to.
"Mr. Steevens, of which library this book formed No. $76, (sold
for £10 15s. 6.,) said there was no scarcer book in the English
language than this. It now belongs to Mr. Ileber.”—Cens. Lit.
There is another copy in the Library of Trin Coll,
Camb. 3. Trans. of T. Naogeorgius's Popish Kingdom,
1570, 4to. 4. Trans. of Foure Bookes of Husbandrie from
Heresbachius, enlarged, 1577, '86, 4to. By Gervase Mark-
ham, with Notes and Illustrations, 1614, 4to. See Donald-
son's Agricult. Biog. 5. Trans. of The Proverbes of Sir
James Lopes de Mendoza, 1579, 16mo. Googe also pub.
trans. of Aristotle's Categories and Virgil's Georgies. See
FLEMING, ABRAHAM; GOOCH, BERNARD, in this vol.; and
the following works, in addit. to those cited above: Tuber-
ville's Sonnets; Tanner; Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet.;
Churton's Life of Nowel; Strype's Parker; Restituta:
Ellis's Specimens.
Gookin, Daniel, d. 1687, aged 75, a native of Kent,
England, emigrated to Virginia, 1621; settled in Cam-
bridge, Mass., 1644; visited England, 1656; Major-Gene-
ral of Mass., 1681-86. He was Superintendent of the
Indians who had submitted to the governor of Massa-
chusetts, from 1656 until his death, and zealously co-ope-
rated with Eliot in his efforts for their spiritual instruc-
tion. Historical Collections of the Indians in New Eng-
land. This was written in 1674, and remained in MS.
until 1792, when it was pub. by the Mass. Hist. Soc. He
also wrote history of N. England.
also wrote history of N. England. See Mass. Hist. Coll.,
i. 226, 228; vii. 23; Holmes's Hist. of Camb.; Hutchin-
son; Mather's Magnalia; Johnson's Wond.-Work. Prov.,
109, 192; Stith, 205; Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.
Gookin, Nathaniel, d. 1734, aged 46, grandson of
the preceding, and minister of Hampton, N. H., graduated
at Harvard Coll., 1703; succeeded John Cotton, 1710. He
pub. three serms. occasioned by the earthquake in Oct.
1727, to which is added an account of the earthquake, &c.
See Mass. Hist. Coll., vii. 55; Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.
Gookin, Vincent. Transplanting the Irish into Con-
naught, &c.; in answer to Rich. Laurence, Lon., 1695, 4to.
Goold, Rev. Wm. H. See OWEN, JOHN, D.D.
Goolden, Samuel. Gangrene; Ed. Med. Ess., 1734.
Gordon, a layman. Serm., 1733, 8vo.
Gordon. 1. Comedies of Terence in Eng. Verse, Lon.,
1752, 12mo. 2. Powers of Ecclesiastics, 1776, Svo.
Gordon of Lochinvar. Encouragements for such as
shall have Intention to bee Undertakers in the new Planta-
tion of Cape Briton, now New Galloway, in America, by
mee, Lochinvar, Edin., 1620, 4to; Gordounston, 1973, £3.
Gordon, Lt.-Col. To the Volunteer Corps, Lon., 1805.
Gordon, Abraham. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq.,
1755.
Gordon, Sir Adam, Rector of West Tilbury, Essex,
Preb. of Bristol. His best-known works are-1. Serins.,
Lon., 1790, 2 vols. 2. Discourses, &c.; the substance of
the Homilies in a modern style, 1795, 2 vols. 8vo; 1817,
2 vols. Svo.
Very necessary for every clergyman to possess, who wishes
properly to discharge his pastoral duties.”—BP. TOMLINE.
But see Bickersteth's Chris. Stu., 4th ed., p. 325.
3. Serms., 1796, Svo. 4. Fifty-two Lectures on the
Catechism of the Ch. of Eng. with three Discourses, 1817,
3 vols. Svo. He pub. a number of occasional serms: see
Bibl. Brit.
Gordon, Alexander. Tyrocinium Linguæ Latinæ,
Lon., 1664, Svo.
Gordon, Alexander. Theatre of the Scottish Kings,
1709, 4to.
Gordon, Alexander, d. 1750, a Scotch antiquary,
resided for many years on the continent, and also visited
Carolina in 1741, and died there. He was a good Greek
scholar, and an excellent draughtsman. 1. Itinerarium
Septentrionale; or, a Journey through most of the Counties
of Scotland, and those in the North of England. In two
Parts, Lon., 1726. fol. 2. Supplement to above, 1732, fol.
A Latin edit. of Nos. 1 and 2 was pub. in Holland, 1731.
3. The Lives of Pope Alex. VI. and his son Cæsar Borgia,
&c., Lon., 1729, fol. 4. Trans. of Maffei's Hist. of the
Ancient Amphitheatres, 1730, Svo; 2d ed. enlarged, 625
Plates of Mummies, about 1739, fol. 5. Essays resp.
Mummies, 1737, fol. See Nichols's Lit. Anec.
Gordon, Alexander, of Achintoul, several years
Major-General in the Czar's service. 1. Hist. of Peter
the Great, Aberdeen, 1755, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. The Prussiad;
an Heroic Poem, &c., Lon., 1759, 4to.
Gordon, Alexander, M.D. 1. Puerperal Fever of
Aberdeen, Lon., 1795, Svo. 2. In conjunction with Rev.
Dr. Colin Milne, Indigenous Botany, vol. i., 1793, Svo.
3. Con. to Med. Com., 1793.
Gordon, Sir Alexander Duff, Bart. 1. Trans. of
Sketches of German Life, Lon., 1847, p. 8vo.
"This is a selection deserving of more than ordinary attention.
45
705
GOR
GOR
Though the writer [Von Ense] does not take a high rank among
the authors of modern Germany, in right either of original talent
or any peculiar charm of style as a narrator, he is easy, circum-
stantial, and trustworthy. He has lived. too, among distinguished
people and in stirring times."-Lon. Athenæum.
2. Trans. of A. Weill's Village Tales from Alsatia. New
ed., 1847, sq. 3. In conjunction with Lady Duff Gordon,
Trans. of Leopold Ranke's Memoirs of the House of
Brandenburg and Hist. of Prussia, 1849, 3 vols. Svo.
Professor Ranke has devoted some eight or ten years to the
examination of materials especially relating to the period embraced
by this history; he was, moreover, one of the Commission ap-
pointed to superintend the preparation of the new edition of the
Great Frederick's works now in course of publication at Berlin,
and has thus been enabled to gain a fresh insight into several
portions of that monarch's life, and to throw a new light upon
several of his actions."-Translators' Preface.
"The translation transfers the whole value of the original work
into our language, and, whatever may be its merits as an historical
composition, they now belong as much to English as German
literature." --Lon. Economist.
"The translation is well done, on a somewhat free principle;
not free as to the sense, for the translators have completely pene-
trated their author's meaning; but free with respect to the choice
of words and the structure of opinion.”—Lon. Spectator.
Gordon, Alexander George, M.D. The Com-
plete English Physician; or, a Univ. Lib. of Family Med.,
Lon., 1778, Svo.
Gordon, Andrew, 1712-1751, Prof. of Philos. in
the Scots Monastery of the Benedictines at Erfurt. His
principal works are-1. Progr. de studii philosophici digni-
tate et utilitate, Erfurt, 1737, 4to. 2. De Concordandis
mensuris, 1742, 4to. 3. Phænomena electricitatis exposita,
1744, Svo. 4. Physica experimentalis elementa, 1751-52,
2 vols. 8vo, with plates. Dr. Priestley says that Gordon
was the first person who used a cylinder instead of a globe
in the electrical apparatus. See Hirsching's Manual of
Eminent Persons who died in the 18th Century.
Gordon, Anthony. Science of Defence, Lon., 1805,
4to.
Gordon, Bernard, a native of Gordon, in Rouvergne,
France, is improperly called a Scotsman by Watt. For
an account of him and his medical works, see Mémoires
pour servir à l'histoire de la faculté de Montpellier, par
Astrue; Biog. Univ.
Gordon, C. A. A Concise Hist. of the antient and
illust. House of Gordon, Aberd., 1754, 12mo. Privately
printed, Jadis, 84, 178.
Gordon, Charles Alexander, M.D. 1. The Prin-
cipal Diseases of India briefly described, Lon., 1847, 12mo.
Hand-Book for Medical Officers of Her Majesty's Service
in India, 1852, 12mo.
Gordon, D. Pharmacopinax, Aberd., 1625, 4to.
Gordonstoun, 1021, £5 17%. 6d.
Gordon, Duncan, M.D. Letter to John Hunter,
Lon., 1786, 4to.
Gordon, Francis. Predestination, &c., Edin., 1712,
4to.
Gordon, George. 1. Newtonian Philos., Lon., 1719,
12mo. 2. Longitude, 1724, Svo. 3. Astronomy, &c., 1726,
8vo.
Gordon, George. Anuals of Europe, Lon., 1739-43,
8 vols. Svo.
Gordon, George. De Natura Rerum, Quaestiones
Philosophica, Glasg., 1758, Sro.
Gordon, George. Serms., Lon., 1794, 1805, 4to.
Gordon, George Campbell. Serm., Luke xxii. 19:
The Holy Communion, Lon., 1850, r. 12mo.
Gordon, J. Memoirs concerning Popery, Lon.,1733,8vo.
Gordon, James, D.D., 1543-1620, surnamed Hunt-
læus, from his connection with the noble family of Gor-
don: a Scotch Jesuit, was for nearly fifty years professor
of Hebrew and divinity in several parts of Europe, and
for some time a missionary in Scotland and England; and
bis zeal in making converts caused him to be twice im-
prisoned.
..
1. Controversarium Fidei Epitome, &c.: 1st tom., Aug.
Pict., 1612; 2d tom., Paris; 3d tom., Cologne, 1620, all 8vo.
This work is entitled to a place here, were it only because it
partly led to the pulliation of the Philologia Sacra of Glassuis.
in one of the tracts which it contains, De Verbo Dei, he [Gordon]
attacks with great vigour and acuteness the present llebrew text,
and extols exceedingly the Latin Vulgate.”—Orme's Bibl. Brit.. q.v.
2. Summaries of the Controversies, &c. betweene Catho-
lickes and Protestants, 1618, Svo. 3. Traditions, 1614, Svo.
Gordon, James, D.D., 1553-1641, surnamed Les-
moræus, from his connection with the family of Lesmore;
a Scotch Jesuit, was born at or near Aberdeen. He was
Rector of the Colleges of Toulouse and Bordeaux, and
confessor to Louis XIII. 1. Opus Chronologicum, Col.
Agr., 1614, fol.
It is not, I believe, a work of great value."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
2. Chronologia ab Orbe condita ad annum Christi, 1617,
Aug. Rot., 1617, fol. 3. Catholica veritate, diatriba, Bur-
dig, 1623, 12mo. 4. Biblia Sacra: cum Commentariis, &c.,
Paris, 1636, 3 vols. fol.
"These volumes, according to Walch, contain many things
which may be read with profit."—ORME: ubi supra.
5. Theologia Moralis, tomus prior, Paris, 1634. 6.
6. Opus-
cula Chronologicum, Historicum, Geographicum, Col. Agr.,
1636, 8vo.
Gordon, James, Bishop of Aberdeen. 1. The Re-
formed Bishop, Lon., 1679, Svo. Anon. 2. To R. Catho-
lics, 1687, 4to. 3. Fables of Esop, as commented on by
Sir Roger L'Estrange, Edin., 1700, fol. 4. A Generous
Prince, Lon., 1703, Svo.
Gordon, James.
An Ordination Serm., 1735
Gordon, James, Parson of Rothiemay. 1. Hist. of
Scots Affairs, 1637–41, Aberd., 1840–42, 3 vols. 4to, Spald-
ing Club, vols. i., iii., v. Only 250 copies printed.
..
This valuable work is printed from a unique MS. in the library
of the King's College at Aberdeen, and forms a work of great au-
thority, and the principal writers of this period have all referred
to it, even while locked up in manuscript."
2. Description of bothe Towns of Aberdeene, edit. by C.
Innes, 1842, 4to, Spalding Club, vol. iv.
Gordon, James, Vicar of Barragh, Rector of Kil-
legny, &c., Ireland. 1. Terraquea; or, a New System of
2. Hist. of the Rebell. in Ireland in 1798, &c., 1801, '03,
Geography and Modern Hist., Lon., 1790-93, 2 vols. Svo.
8vo. 3. Hist. of Ireland from the earliest accounts to the
Union in 1801, 2 vols. Svo, 1806. In French, by P. La
Montague, Paris, 1808, 3 vols. Svo.
"The author has not derogated from the reputation which he
derived from his prior publication, since we discover in it the same
clear discernment, the same sound judgment, the same strong
good sense, the same manly sentiments, and the same fearless
integrity and devotion to truth."-Lo. Month. Rev.
،.
Bibl. Man.
“A party work abounding in misrepresentation.”—Lowndes's
4. Hist. of the Brit. Islands, Great Brit., and the Islands
that with it compose a geographical group, from the earliest
accounts to 1807, 4 vols. Svo., 1815.
Gordon, Rev. James Bentley. An Hist. and
Geographical Memoir of the N. Amer. Continent: its
Nations and Tribes; with a summary Acct. of his Life,
Writings, and Opinions. Edited by Thos. Jones, Dubl.,
1820, 4to.
Gordon, John, Gentleman of the Chamber to the
King of France. Panegyrique de Congratulation pour la
Concorde des Royaumes de la Grande Bretagne en Vnité
de Religion et Vnique Royauté, Paris, 1603, sm. Svo; Ro-
chelle, 1603, Svo. In English, Lon., 1603, 4to. Liber
rarissimus. This work is ascribed by Lowndes to Dr.
Gordon, Dean of Sarum.
Gordon, John, D.D., Dean of Saruin, pub. Assertionis;
pro vera veræ Ecclesiæ Nota, 1603, 8vo; Anti-Torto-Bel-
larminus, &c., 1610, 4to; and other theolog. treatises. See
Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Gordon, John. Serm. on the Union, Lon., 1604, 4to.
Gordon, John, of Glencat. Autobiog., Lon., 1733, Svo.
Gordon, John, of Buthlaw. De Nuptijs Roberti
Senescalli Scotia atque Elizabetha Mora Dissertatio,
Edin., 1749. For a trans. of this work-highly com-
mended-see Scotia Rediviva, vol. i., Edin., 1826, Svo.
Gordon, John. Specimen Animadversionum Criti-
carum in priscam Evangeliorum Gothicam; item novæ
ejusdem versionis interpretationis Latina, Edin., 1760,
Svo.
Gordon, John. The Famous Bull, or Constitution
Unigenitus, &c.; related in the Memoirs of John Gordeu,
who was thirteen years in the Scots College at Paris; 2d
ed., Lon., 12mo, sine anno.
Gordon, John, D.D., Archdeacon of Lincoln, d. 1793,
aged 68. 1. Serm., Camb., 1767, 4to. 2. Serm., Lon.,
1771, 4to.
Gordon, John. Poems, Lon., 1807, '12, 12mo.
Gordon, John, M.D. Lect. on Anat. and Physiol.,
Edin. 1. Structure of the Brain, comprising an estimate
of the claims of Drs. Gall and Spurzheim, Edin., 1807, Svo.
2. A System of Anatomy, 1815, 8vo; engravings (22) to
do., 1817, Svo.
"A much-esteemed work."—Lmondes's Bibl. Mun.
3 Lect. on Human Physiology, 1817, Svo. 4. Caloric;
Thom. Ann. Philos., 1814.
Gordon, John. Eng. Spelling, Lon., 1814, 18mo.
Gordon, Prof. Lewis, of Glasgow. 1. Lect. on
Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Edin., r. Svo. 2. Trans.
of Prof. Julius Weisbach's Principles of the Mechanics of
Machinery and Engineering, 1847-48, 2 vols. Svo. First
Amer. ed., with addits. by Prof. Walter R. Johnson, Phila.,
1849, 2 vols. 8vo.
706
GOR
GOR
"The most valuable contribution to practical science that has
yet appeared in this country."-Lom. Athenæum.
"In every way worthy of being recommended to our readers."
-Franklin Institute Jour.
Gordon, Rev. Loudon Harcourt. An Apology
for the Conduct of the Gordons, &c. rel. to Mrs. Lee, Lon.,
180-4, 8vo.
\
Gordon, Lady Lucie Duff, wife of Sir Alexander
Duff Gordon, is a daughter of Mrs. Sarah Austin; sec aute.
1. Trans. of Niebuhr's Greek Legends. 2. Trans. from
the German of The Amber Witch: the most interesting
Trial for Witchcraft yet known, Lon., 1844, p. Svo. A
new English ed. was pub. in 1849, 18mo.
..
If this work be genuine, it is, undoubtedly, as it announces
itself, the most interesting of all those strange trials for witch-
craft, so absorbing and sometimes so inexplicable, which occur
at a certain period in almost every country in Europe; if it be a
fiction, it is worthy-we can give no higher praise—of Defoe. The
editor professes to have found the manuscript in a manner by no
means improbable, yet rather too like that which the author of
Waverley, as well as many others of inferior name, have been so
fond of playing off upon us. It was brought to him by his sexton
out of a niche or closet in the church, where it had long lain hid
among a heap of old hymn-books and useless parish-accounts. We
We
have read nothing for a long time, in fiction or in history, which
has so completely riveted and absorbed our attention."-Lon.
Quar. Rev., June, 1844.
But bear the conclusion of the story:
"The Amber Witch is one of the Curiosities of Literature,' for
in the last German edition the author is obliged to prove that it
is entirely a work of imagination, and not, as almost all the Ger-
mau critics believed it to be when it appeared, the reprint of an
C
old chronicle. It was, in fact, written as a trap for the disciples
of Strauss and his school, who had pronounced the Scriptures of
the Old and New Testaments, from historical research. assisted
by internal evidence,' to be a collection of legends. Meinhold
did not spare them when they fell into the snare, and made merry
with the historical knowledge and critical acumen that could not
detect the contemporary romancer under the mask of the chronicler
of two centuries ago, while they decided so positively as to the
authority of the most ancient writings in the world.”—Żon. Times,
July, 1850.
•
3. Trans. of Lt. Lamping's [a young Oldenburg soldier]
work entitled, The French in Algiers, 1844, p. Svo.
"The events are described in a pleasing style of easy epistolary
narrative. The glimpses which they afford of the barbarities of
the French African war fully confirm the worst opinions which we
had formed on the subject.”—Northern Whig.
4. Trans. from the German of Ritter Von Feuerbach's
Remarkable Crimes and Trials, 1846, Svo.
"The reader is taken into a new world, in which all is grotesque
and horrible. . . . The secrets of the prison-house are opened to
him."-Edin. Rev.
"The translation is excellent, and a judicious compression of
the original has added much to the effect."-Lon. Examiner.
“Lady Gordon possesses in a high degree the rare faculty of
translation, to which she has a hereditary right. She has skil-
fully pruned the luxuriant details of some of the cases, and omit-
ted the disquisitions on evidence and other legal topics, which,
however valuable in themselves, would be uninteresting to gene
ral readers. The present collection of criminal cases forms, as far
as we are aware, the most interesting specimen existing in our
language."-4 Law Mag., N. S., 310; and see 4 Law Rev.
The legal student should add to this volume Dumas's
Celebrated Crimes.
“Dumas's book is very striking. The tragedy of Truth-the
serious side of what is called the Romance of Real Life had never
such startling illustration as this remarkable book affords. What
a story is that of the Marchioness de Ganges!”—Lon. Eraminer.
5. Trans. of Stella and Vanessa; a Novel, by Léon de
Wailly. 6. Trans. of Ferdinand and Maximilian, by Ranke. |
7. Trans. of the Village Doctor, by the late Comtesse d'Ar-
bouville. S. Trans. of Moltke's Russian Campaigns of
1828-29 on the Danube; pub. in 1854. 9. In conjunction
with Sir Alexander Duff Gordon, Trans. of Ranke's Me-
moirs of the House of Brandenburg, and Hist. of Prussia,
1849, 3 vols. 8vo.
Gordon, N. M. Alleghan; a Poen in Nine Books,
Cin., 1855, 12mo. In blank verse. The theme of the
poem is the spread of the Gospel.
Gordon, Patrick. 1. Neptunus Britannicus Cory-
donis, Lon., 1613, 4to. 2. Historie of Penardo and Laissa,
&c., in heroik Verse, Dort, 1615, 12mo. 3. The famovs
Historie of Robt. Bruce, &c., Dort, 1615, 4to; Edin.,
1718, 12mo.
Gordon, Patrick. Geography, &c., 1693, &c.
Gordon, Patrick, Lt.-Gov, of Penna. Two Indian
Treaties at Conestogoe, 1728; Phila., 1728, fol.
Gordon, Pryse Lockhart. Personal Memoirs:
or, Reminiscences of Men and Manners at Home and
Abroad during the last Half-Century, with occasional
sketches of the Author's Life, Lon., 1830, 2 vols. 8vo.
With many pleasant anecdotes of men and things, we have in
these volumes an abundance of commonplace and almost puerile
narrative, which necessarily must take the lead in fixing a charac-
ter on this book.”—Lon. Month, Rev.
"The best collection of real anecdotes and adventures that we
have seen for many a day."-Lom. Spectator.
“We know not any species of work so calculated to give a real
view of life in its infinite varieties."-Court Journal.
Gordon, Robert, of Stralogh, Scotland, d. abou
1650, wrote a topographical work entitled Theatrum Scotia,
illustrated with maps, and dedicated to Cromwell. It was
printed at Amsterdam.
On y trouve une description complète de l'Écosse, avec des
cartes particulières de chaque comté. On y ajoute le livre de
Buchanan, De Jure regni apud Sc-tos.”—Bing. Univers.
-
Gordon, Robert. Deafness; Med. Com., 1775.
Gordon, Sir Robert, of Gordonstoun, Bart., Gen-
tleman of the Bedchamber to K. James I. and K. Charles
I., &c. A Genealogical Hist. of the Earldom of Suther-
land, Edin., 1813, fol. Bindley, Pt. 1, 2046, £1 138.
Largest paper, Brockett, 1329, £1 19%. One copy was
struck off on vellum for the Marquis of Stafford." This
splendid volume, edited by Henry Weber, was pub. under
the auspices and at the charge of the Marchioness of
Stafford, (in her own right Countess of Sutherland.)
The paper, printing, and style of getting up are worthy of the
intrinsic value of the volumes. Such works are sometimes not
only highly curious and interesting, but are absolutely necessary
to the Historian and Antiquary for the satisfactory completion of
their historical labours. In this work we have materials which
equally appertain to English and Scottish history."-Dibdin's Bibl.
Spenseriana.
The bibliographer must not fail to procure if he can-
which is greatly to be questioned—A Catalogue of the Sin-
gular and Curious Library, originally formed between 1610
and 1650, by Sir Robert Gordon, of Gordounstoun, &c.,
with some addits. by his successors, comprising an extra-
ordinary number of rarities in the literature of the six-
teenth and seventeenth centuries. Sold by auction, Lon-
don, in March and April, 1816.
Gordon, Robert, D.D., minister of the Free High
Church, Edin.
Church, Edin. 22 Evangelical Serms., Edin., 1825, '26,
'33, Svo.
"These are orations, these are arguments, worthy of a high and
permanent place in our theological literature. They display a
vigour and originality of thought which it is truly refreshing to
meet with in printed sermons, and are, at the same time, boldly
explicit in the enunciation of the Gospel system."-Lon. Eclectic
Rev.
In The Mourner's Companion, 1825, 12mo, containing
treatises by Flavel, Cecil, and Shaw, will be found an Es-
say by Dr. Gordon.
•
This volume is well fitted to be a companion to the afflicted;
nor can the Christian rise from the perusal of the treatises without
some salutary impressions, calculated to soothe him under present
suffering, or fit him for meeting future trials with devout acqui-
escence in the divine appointment."
Gordon, T. Trans. of Menzel's Hist. of German
Literature, with Notes, Oxf., 1840, 4 vols. p. Svo.
"There is no higher name in the living literature of his country
than Menzel: he is eloquent and popular at the same time."-
Bluc! wood's Mag.
Gordon, Thomas, 16S4?-1750, a native of Kirkcud-
bright, Galloway, settled in London, and became a noted
political and religious writer. 1. Tacitus, trans. into Eng-
lish, &c., Lon., 1728-31, 2 vols. fol. 2. The Independent
Whig; or, a Defence of Primitive Christianity, 1732, 2
vols. 12mo. 3. Saliust, trans. into English, 1744, 4to.
4. Review of a pamph. by Chas. Yorke, 1746, Svo. 5. In
conjunction with John Trenchard, Cato's Letters, 1724,
'37, '48, '55, 4 vols. 12mo. 6, 7. Two Collec. of Tracts: I.
A Cordial for Low Spirits, 1750, 3 vols. 12mo; 3d ed., by
Richard Baron, 1763, 3 vols. 12mo. II. The Pillars of
Priesteraft and Orthodoxy Shaken, 1750, 2 vols. 12mo.
New ed., by Richard Baron, 1768, 4 vols. 12mo.
Gordon, Thomas. 1. Naval Architecture, Lon.,
1784, Svo. 2. British Fisheries, 1785, Svo.
Gordon, Thomas, of Aberdeenshire, General of a
Division of the Greek Army. Hist. of the Greek Revolu-
tion, Lon., 1832, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., Lon., 1842.
the merits of these important volumes: but we have seen more
"It is utterly impossible for us to do any thing like justice to
than enough to justify us in declaring that they must at once taks
their rank among our standard histories.”—Lim. Athenæum.
Hundreds of books have been written about the Greek Revo-
lution, but its history is now truly written for the first time."-
Lom. Examiner,
Gordon, Thomas F. 1. Digest of the Laws of the
United States. Phila., 1827, Svo; 4th ed., 1851.
•
An exceedingly useful work, very carefully prepared."-Mor
vin's Leg. Bill., 342; 18 Amer. Jur., 229; 19, 257; 1 Leg. Eram.. 263.
1823, 29, Svo. 3. Hist. of New Jersey from its Discovery
2. Hist. of Pennsylvania from its Discovery to 1776,
to 1789, Trenton, 1831, Svo. 4. The Hist. of America,
Phila., 1831, 2 vols. 12mo. The first two vols. of the
Cabinet of American History. Two more were pub. in
1832: see No. 5. 5. The Hist. of Ancient Mexico, 2 vols.
707
GOR
GOR
12mo. See No. 4. 6. Gazetteer of New Jersey, Trenton,
1834. Svo. 7. Gazetteer of New York, 1836, Svo.
Gordon, Wm. 1. Serm., 1710, 4to. 2. Do., 1717, Svo.
Gordon, Wm. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1718, '19, 8vo.
Gordon, Wm. Hist. of the Ancient Noble and Illust.
Family of the Gordons to 1690, Edin., 1726, 2 vols. Svo.
*Collected from Scots and foreign historical manuscripts, records,
and registers of the nation."
Gordon, Wm. Serm., 1746, Svo.
Gordon, Wm. 1. The Universal Accountant and
Complete Merchant, 1763, '65, 74, 2 vols. 8vo.
"A work of this kind adapted to the present state of science
and commercé is a desideratum "—McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.
-McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.
Mr. McCulloch heads the department devoted to Book-
keeping and Mercantile Accounts in the valuable work
from which we have just quoted, with the following apt
citation from an eminent authority:
6.
and other Tales, 1839, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 10. Dacre of the
South, or the Olden Time; a Tragedy, 1840, Svo. 11. Dé!
butante, 2d ed., 1846, 3 vols. p. Svo. 12. Dean's Daughter;
or, The Days Wo Live In, 1853,3 vols. p. Svo. 13. Diamond
and the Pearl, 1848, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 14. Diary of a Desen-
nuyée, 1836, 2 vols. p. Svo. 15. Dowager; or, Modern
School of Scandal, 1840, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1854, 12mo.
16. Fair of May Fair, 1832, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 17. Fascination,
and other Tales, (edited by Mrs. Gore,) 1842, 3 vols. p. Svo.
18. Greville; or, A Season in Paris, 1841, 3 vols. p. Svo.
19. Hamiltons, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1850, 12mo. 20. Heir of
p. Svo. 21. Historical Traveller,
Selwood, 1838, 3 vols.
22. Hungarian Tales, 3 vols. p. Svo.
1831, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
23. Inundation; a Christmas Story, 1843, '50, 12mo. 24.
Terror; two tales, 1827, p. 8vo. 26. Lost Son. New ed.,
Lady Leighton. 25. Lettre de Cachet; The Reign of
1854, 12mo. 27. Mammon; or, the Hardships of an
Heiress, 1855, 3 vols. p. Svo. 28. Man of Fortune, and
other Tales, 1841, 3 vols. p. Svo. 29. Manners of the
Day; or, Women as they are, 1830, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 30.
Mary Raymond, and other Tales, 1837, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
31. Memoirs of a Peeress; edited by Lady Charlotte Bury,
3 vols. p. Svo. 32. Men of Capital; Two Stories, 1846,
3 vols. p. Svo. 33. Modern Chivalry, 1843, 2 vols. er. Svo.
34. Monoy-Lender, 1843, 3 vols. cr. Svo; 1854, 12mo.
35. Mothers and Daughters, 1831, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1834,
'49, 12mo. 36. Mrs. Armytage; or, Female Domination,
3 vols. p. Svo; 1848, 12mo. 37. New Year's Day, 1846,
50, 12mo. 38. Opera; a Story of the Beau Monde, 3 vols.
39. Ormington, or Cecil a Peer: a sequel to
40. Paris, Pictu-
Cecil a Coxcomb, 1842, 3 vols. p. Svo.
resque and Romantic; letter-press by Mrs. Gore, with 21
illustrations by Mr. T. Allom, 1842, r. Svo. 41. Peers and
p. Svo.
shire, and at Ipswich. He died in the latter place Oct. 19,
1807. He pub. serms., &c., 1772, 75, 77, '83; an Abridgt.
of Jonathan Edwards's Treatise on the Religious Affec-
tions, and a History of the Rise, Progress, and Establish-
ment of the Independency of the U. States of America,
&c., Lon., 1783, 4 vols. Svo; N. York, 1789, 3 vols. Svo;
1794, 3 vols. Svo.
++
Gordon, Wm. Thanksg. Serm., Lon., 1776, Svo.
Gordon, Wm., D.D., 1729-1807, a native of Hitchiu,
Hertfordshire, England, was pastor of an Independent
church at Ipswich, and was subsequently successor to Dr.
David Jennings in the church at Old Gravel Lane, Wap-
ping. In 1770 he removed to America, and became minister
ping. In 1770 he removed to America, and became minister
of the Third Church, Roxbury, Mass. In 1786 he returned
to England, and preached both at St. Neot's, Huntingdon-Parvenus, 1846, 3 vols. p. Svo. 42. Pin-Money, 3 vols. p.
ber, and other Tales, 1844, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Svo. 43. Polish Tales, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 44. Popular Mem-
45. Prefer-
ment; or, my Uncle the Earl, 1839, 3 vols. p. Svo. 46.
Progress and Prejudice, 1854, 3 vols. p. Svo. 47. Queen
of Denmark, 1845, 3 vols. p. Svo. 48. Quid Pro Quo; a
Syo. 50. Rose-Fancier's Manual, a trans. from the French,
49. Romances of Real Life, 3 vols. p.
Comedy, Svo.
52. Sketch-Book
51. Self, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
1838, p. 8vo.
of Fashion, 3 vols. p. Svo. 53. Sketches of English Cha-
racter, 1846, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 1852, 12mo. 54. Snow-Storm;
a Christmas Story, 1845, '50, '54, 12mo. 55. Soldier of
Lyons, 1841, '49, 12mo. 56. Stokeshill Place; or, The
Man of Business, 1837, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 57. Story of a
Royal Favourite, 1845, 3 vols. p. Svo. 58. Temptation
and Atonement, 1847, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 59. The Lover and
the Husband, (a free trans. of M. Bertrand's Gerfault;)
The Woman of a Certain Age, &c., 1841, 3 vols. p. Svo.
60. The Peeress. 61. Theresa Marchiont; or, the Maid
of Honour, about 1823, 18mo. 62. Tuileries, 3 vols. p.
Svo. 63. Two Broken Hearts; a Poem, Svo. 64. Woman
of Business. 65. Woman of the World, 1838, 3 vols. p. Svo.
This list might be lengthened by the addition of The Maid
of Croissy, The Sledge-Driver,-dramas from the French,
-The School for Coquettes, a Comedy; Life's Lesson, 1856;
The Two Aristocracies, 1857, and a number of works pub.
without the author's name. Mrs. Gore is said to have in
preparation for the press, Memoirs of the Present Cen-
tury, Social, Literary, and Political, (1858.)
The success of this popular novelist in her sketches of
the prevailing tone of fashionable society is admitted by
the ablest critics:
The counting-house of an accomplished merchant is a school
of method, where the great science may be learned of ranging par-
ticulars under generals, of bringing the different parts of a trans-
action together, and of showing at one view a long series of dealing
and exchange. Let no man venture into large business while he
is ignorant of the method of regulating books; never let him
imagine that any degree of natural abilities will enable him to
supply this deficiency or preserve multiplicity of affairs from in-
extricable confusion."-DR. JOHNSON: Preface to Roll's Dictionary
of Trade and Commerce.
2. Arithmetic, 1779, 12mo. 3. Livy, in English, 1813,
12mo.
The language of this work deserves little encomium, but the
merit of fidelity is the first qualification in an historian; and to
that claim we believe the present dispassionate writer is fully en-
titled.”—Lon. Month. Rev., May, 1789, 441, 442,
"The History of Gordon, in four thick octavo volumes, will, in
like manner, be consulted with best effect when other accounts
have been perused. The author appears to bave access to good
sources of information; and the work is an immense assemblage
of facts, presented to the reader with little or no comment, and
with great impartiality."-Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist.
But audi alteram partem:
This however is rather a collection of facts than a regular his-
tory, for the writing of which, indeed, the author had no talent;
his style is vulgar and confused, and his reflections commonplace.
The best parts of it occur where he made most use of Dodsley's
Aunual Register. The colouring he attempts to give, as may be
expected, is entirely unfavourable to the English, nor does he en-
deavour to disguise his partialities.”—Supp. vol. to the Dict. Hist.,
1812.
"There arises some suspicion that Dr. Gordon actually wrote
under the influence of American prejudice."—Lon. Critical Rev.
Gordon, Wm., M.D., 1801-1849, was educated at Ri-
pon, England, in the vicinity of which city he was born.
After some years' experience as a general practitioner, in
1841 he took the degree of M.D., and settled as a physi-
cian in Hull. 1. Academical Examinations on the Practice
of Surgery, 1828. 2. Critical Inquiry concerning a new
Membrane of the Eye, 1832. 3. Contributions to Medical
Journals. See The Christian Philosopher triumphing over
Death; a narrative of the Closing Scenes of the Life of
the late Wm. Gordon, M.D., F.L.S., of Kingston-upon-Hull,
by Newman Hall, Lon., 1849, 12mo; 5th ed., 1854. We
have referred to this work in our life of GODMAN, JOHN D.
Gore, Mrs. Catherine Grace, a celebrated English
novelist, the widow of Mr. Charles Gore, has perhaps done
more to familiarize the public mind with the tone of fash-
ionable manners and conversation than any other writer
of the day. The following alphabetical list of her writings
presents the best illustration of her literary industry.
From the date of her first work, (about 1823,)-Theresa
Marchmont; or, The Maid of Honour,—Mrs. Gore has been
in constant communication with the public. 1. Agathonia,
1844, 12mo. 2. Ambassador's Wife, 1842, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
3. Banker's Wife, 1843, 3 vols. cr. Svo. 4. Birthright, and
other Tales, 1843, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 5. Bond; a Dramatic
Poem, 8vo. 6. Cabinet Minister, 1839, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
7. Castles in the Air, 1847, 3 vols. p. Svo. 8. Cecil; or,
Adventures of a Coxcomb, 1845, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1849,
9. Courtier of the Days of Charles the Second,
. 12mo.
"The more respectable of Mrs. Gore's personages are affecters
of an excessive prudery concerning the decencies of life,―uay,
occasionally of an exalted and mystical religious feeling. What
ever, therefore, they do, is a fair and absolute measure of the pre-
vailing opinions of the class, and may be regarded as not deroga
tory to their position in the eyes of their equals. But the low
average standard of morality thus depicted, with its conventional
which the parties live; and were it a fictitious compound, fabri-
distinctions, cannot be invented. It forms the atmosphere in
cated at the author's pleasure, the beings who breathe it could not
but he universally acknowledged as fantastical, and as mere
monstrosities; they would, indeed, be incapable of acting in
civil life. If the situations and dialogues of Mrs. Gore's novels be
barmony and consistence with the known laws and usages of
compared with these usages and laws, and with any of the records
of the actual sayings and doings of high life, such as a series of
parliamentary reports, county meetings, race-course transactions,
&c., they will be found, with a reasonable allowance for artistic
colouring, to reflect accurately enough the notions current among
the upper classes respecting religion, politics, domestic morals,
the social affections, and that coarse aggregate of dealing with our
neighbours which is embraced by the term common honesty.
"It is this average morality of the aristocratic classes that
chiefly concerns society at large. The specific overt acts of high
deportment and carriage."—Lon. Athenæum, 1839, 858, 849. Read
life are as much out of the reach of imitation by inferiors as its
the whole of this paper.
708
GOR
GOR
|
"Many of Mrs. Gore's novels are works in which the present
state of society and manners is more or less clearly impressed:
they are pictures of the time, and no more.”—ALLAN ČUNNINGHAM :
Biog, and Crit. Hist. of the Lit, of the Last Fifty Years.
Gorges's America Painted to the Life. See Belknap's
Biog. of Gorges; Bancroft's Hist. of America.
"Among the novelists of the day, Mrs. Gore is entitled to a
high place."-Edin. Rev.
Mrs. Gore's style is always animated. light, and playful. It
is sustained by originality of thought, and sparkles with satirical
allusions."
Gorges, Ferdinando, grandson of the preceding
and inheritor of his interests in New England, pub. a de-
scription of New England, entitled America Painted to
the Life, Lon., 1659, 4to; pub. at £1 1«. It is seldom
found complete: see collation in Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
All the productions of Mrs. Gore afford evidence of great apti- copies, and the History of the Spaniards' Proceedings, &c.,
Johnson's Wonder-Working Providence is annexed to some
tude. cleverness, and talent."-Lom. Lit. Gazelle.
is sometimes found separate.
Gorham, George Cornelius, Vicar of Brampford-
Speke, Devon. 1. Public Worship, Lon., 1809. 2. Pro-
ceedings rel. to 2d Anniv. Camb. Bible Society, 1814.
3. Hist. and Antiq. of Eynesbury and St. Neot's in Hun-
tingdonshire, and of St. Neot's in County of Cornwall,
Lon., 1820, Svo. 3. A Statement submitted to the Mem-
bers of the Brit. and For. Bible Soc. on the impropriety
of circulating the Apocryphal Books indiscriminately inter
mingled with the inspired writings, 1825, Svo.
"Deserving of a place in the student's library, on account of tha
various and interesting information which it contains relative to
the literary History of the Apocrypha. The second edition is the
best."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
“Mrs. Gore is certainly foremost among the female novelists of
the day, for wit. acuteness of observation, for originality of re-
mark, and generally for her graphic powers."-Lon. Observer.
"The novel of conventional and artificial life belongs to no one
so much as to Mrs. Gore. Who does not know the ring of her
regular sentences?-the dialogue which chimes in exactly the
saine measure, whether the speakers speak in a club, or in the
dowager-duchess's sombre and pious boudoir ?”
The critic proceeds to notice the sameness of this lady's
scenes and characters in her different works, and then
continues:
"Nevertheless, Mrs. Gore's novels have a host of readers, and
Mrs. Gore's readers are interested. People will be interested, we
suspect, till the end of the world, in the old, old story how Edwin
and Angelina fell in love with each other; how they were sepa-
rated, persecuted, and tempted; and how their virtue and con-
stancy triumphed over all their misfortunes. And there is much
vivacity and liveliness, and a good deal of shrewd observation, in
these books. They are amusing. pleasant beguilers of a stray
hour; and, after all our grand pretensions, how valuable a pro-
perty is this in the genus novel, which proclaims itself an ephe
meron in its very name!"-Modern Novelists, Great and Small:
Blackwood's Mag., May, 1855.
Gore, Charles. A work on ships, Lon., 1799, 4to.
Gore, Christopher, 1758-1827; Governor of Mas-
sachusetts, 1809; U. States Senator, 1814-17; pub. a
Masonic Oration, 1783. See Amer. Ann. Reg., 1826–27,
See Amer. Ann. Reg., 1826-27,
p. 339-341.
Gov. Gore left to Harvard College a bequest
amounting to nearly one hundred thousand dollars.
Gore, Henry. Elements of S. Geometry, 1733, Svo.
Gore, John. Serm., Phil. iv. 11, Lon., 1634, 4to.
Gore, Montagu. Some Remarks on the Foreign
Relations of England at the present Crisis, Lon., 1838,
8vo. Reviewed by Lord Brougham in the Edin. Rev.,
Ixviii. 495-537; and in his Contrib. to the Edin. Rev.,
vol. ii. 132-184, 1856.
Gore, R. T., of the Roy. Coll. of Surgeons, London.
Trans. of J. F. Blumenbach's Elements of Natural His-
tory. From the 10th German ed. New ed., Lon., 1826, Svo.
It is, indeed, remarkable for its clear arrangement, and for the
immense quantity of interesting and valuable information it con-
tains, condensed into a small compass. It is altogether the best
Elementary Book on Natural History, in any language.”—Law-
rence's Lectures.
A trans. of Blumenbach's System of Comparative Ana-
tomy, with addits. by W. Lawrence, was pub. in 1807, Svo.
Gore, Thomas, 1631-1684, a heraldic writer, a na-
tive of Alderton, Wiltshire, was educated at Magdalen Coll.,
Oxf., and was subsequently for a short time an inmate
of Lincoln's Inn. 1. A Table showing how to Blazon a
Coat ten several ways, 1655; a single folio sheet. copied
from Sir John Ferne, q. v. 2. Nomenclator Geographicus,
&c., Oxon., 1667, Svo. 3. Series Alphabetica, Latino-
Anglica, Nomina Gentilitiorum, sive Cognominum plumi-
rarum Familiarum, quæ multos per Annos in Anglia
floruere, &c., 1667, Svo. 4. Catalogus in certa Capita, seu
Classes, alphabetico ordine concinnatus, plerorumque
omnium Authorum (tam antiquorum quam recentiorum)
qui de re Heraldica, Latine, Gallice, Ital., Hispan., Germ.,
Anglice, scripserunt: &c., 1668, 4to. With enlargements,
1674, 4to. In this catalogue raisonnée-for such it is-we
have simply the names of the authors, and brief titles of
their productions.
"This work displayed much talent, and the books were classed
In a scientific method; but the list was confined entirely to an
enumeration of the names of authors, and brief titles of their
works. The tract has become so exceedingly scarce, that it is now
to be found in very few libraries, and its purchase is only to be
obtained at a price considerably above its intrinsic value.”—
Moule's Bibl. Heraldica, (Pref.) q. v.
5. Loyalty Displayed and Falsehood Unmasked, Lon.,
1681, 4to.
See Athen. Oxon.; Lou. Gent. Mag., vol. lxii.
Goree, Father. A New Island; Phil. Trans., 1711.
Gorges, Sir Arthur. Transcript, &c. rel. to an
office called the Public Register for General Commerce,
Lon., 1611, 12, 4to.
Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, d. 1647, Proprietor of
the Province of Maine, was the Governor of Plymouth,
and an early member of the Plymouth Company in Eug-
land. He expended £20,000 in his American enterprises.
A narrative of his proceedings relative to the settlement
of New England will be found in his grandson Ferdinando
J
It elicited two Letters from L. Von Ess, D.D., whi、 h
See
were pub., with Mr. Gorham's Reply, 1826, 8vo.
Horne, ubi supra. But the name of Gorham is suggestive
of another controversy-with the Bishop of Exeter and
his advocates, on the efficacy of Infant Baptism—which
has excited great interest both at home and abroad.
Respecting this matter, we refer the reader to the Exa-
mination of Mr. Gorham before the Bishop of Exeter,
1848, 8vo; The Gorham Case Complete, 5th ed., 1850,
12mo; The Gorham Case, by E. F. Moore, 1852, r. 18mo;
The Judicial Com. of the Privy Council, and petition for
a Church Tribunal in lieu of it, 1850, Sro; and an elabo-
rate review of The Gorham Controversy in Edin. Rev.,
xcii. 263-292.
Gorham, John, M.D., of Boston, Mass., d. 1829,
aged 46, adjunct Prof. of Chemistry and Materia Medica
at Cambridge, 1809; of Chemistry and Mineralogy, 1816.
1. Inaug. Address, 1817. 2. Elements of Chemical Science,
1819, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Con. on Sugar to Thom. Ann. Philos.,
1817.
Gorham, Wm. Dividing the Land of Israel, &c., Lon.,
1688. This is by some supposed to be the production of
Thos. Rannew.
Goring, C. Thoughts on Revelations, &c., Lon.,
1S07. Svo.
Shewing the unity of the prophecies of Daniel and Esdras with
the Apocalypse: and their clear explanation of the events which
are now acting in Christendom.”—Lonndes's Bibl. Man.
Goring, Col. His Declaration rel. to the late Con-
spiracy, &c., 1641, 4to.
Gorrie, Rev. P. Douglass, b. 1813, at Glasgow,
Scotland, emigrated to the U. States, 1820. 1. Essay on
Episcopal Succession. 2. Lives of Eminent Methodist
Ministers in Europe and America, pp. 400. 3. Black
River Conference Memorial, pp. 350. 4. The Churches
and Sects in the U. States, N. York, 1850, 12mo. 5. Epis-
copal Methodism as it was and is, Auburn, 1852, 12mo.
Gorton, John. 1. 500 Ques. on Goldsmith's Hist. of
Eng., Lon., 1815, 18mo. 2. Populat. Returns of G. Brit.
for 1831, Svo. 3. A General Biographical Dictionary.
1828-30, 2 vols. Svo. Pub. in numbers. Enlarged, 1833,
3 vols. 8vo; 1841, 3 vols. 8vo. New ed., with a Supp. to
1850, edited by Cyrus Redding, 1851, 4 vols. Svo.
Notices of first ed.:
"This Dictionary is peculiarly valuable as a work of reference
for the general reader, on account of information respecting pro-
minent characters that have figured on the stage of life being more
its object than an alphabetical list of individuals of various note
and merit: aud upon this ground particularly it has a claim to
distinguished notice. Impartiality is another recommendation;
and, as far as we have observed, this spirit is very creditably main-
tained throughout."-Lon. New Month. Mag.
..
Mr. Gorton's publication is altogether one of great excellence,
calculated to be useful to a large number of students, and deserv-
ing extensive popularity. We may also mention that it is suffi
ciently large to contain every thing necessary, but not too exten-
sive for the ordinary purposes of study: filling, in this respect. an
open space in the fields of biographical literature.”—Lon. Athe-
NWUM.
4. A New Topographical Dictionary of G. Brit. and Ire-
land, with maps by Sidney Hall, 1830-33, 3 vols. Svo and
1 vol. 4to. Pub. in numbers. See Lon. Month. Rev.,
June, 1830, 305.
Gorton, Samuel, d. 1677, at an advanced age, a
native of Gorton, England, emigrated to New England in
1636, and excited great opposition by the theological
opinions which he preached. For particulars respecting
his career and writings, the reader is referred to his bio-
709
GOS
GOU
graphy, by John M. Mackie, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 2d
series, v. 317-411. 1. Simplicitie's Defence against Seven-
Headed Policy, Lon., 1640, sm. 4to; 2d ed. 1647.
It was
Answered by Governor Edward Winslow, 1646. Winslow
also pub. A Narrative of Disturbances made in New Eng-
and by Samuel Gorton and his accomplices, 1649. 4to.
Simplicitie's Defence was repub. in vol. ii. Trans. R.
Island Hist. Soc. 2. An Incorruptible Key, composed of
the CX. Psalme, &c., sm. 4to. 3. Saltmarsh returned from
the Dead, &c., 1655, sm. 4to. 4. An Autidote against the
Common Plague of the World. &c., 1657. 5. Certain
Copies of Letters, &c. He also left some works in manu-
script.
Gosdan, Bookbinder, St. Martin's Lane. Songs of
the Chase, Racing, &c.; 2d ed., 1813, Svo.
Gosling, Mrs. Jane. 1. Moral Essays and Reflec-
tions, Sheffield, 1789, Svo. 2. Ashdale Village; a Moral
Work of Fancy, 1794, 2 vols. 12mo.
The writer appears to possess very just ideas concerning the
female character. and. through the medium of her fictitious tale,
which is chiefly domestic. conveys useful hints to parents and
children on the important subject of female education."-Lon.
Month. Rec.. xv. 169.
*
..
Gosling, Robert. Trans. of Desault's Parisian Chi-
rurg. Jour., Lon., 1794, 2 vols. Svo.
Gosnell, Thomas K. Book-keeping, Lon., 1796, 4to.
Goswold, Paul. Serm., Oxon., 1644, 4to.
Goss, Prothesia S. 1. The Philanthropist, Lon.,
12mo. 2. Spirit of Sectarianism. 3. The Piedmontese
Envoy; or, The Men, Manners, and Religion of the Com-
monwealth, 1844, 12mo.
“An agreeably-written picture of the times of the Common-
wealth."-Lon. Spectator.
Gosse, Philip Henry, b. 1810, at Worcester, Eng-
land, was removed in infancy to Poole, in Dorsetshire.
He resided eight years in Newfoundland, three years in
Lower Canada, and one year in Alabama. 1. The Cana-
dian Naturalist, Lon., 1840, p. 8vo; 44 illust.
..
This work contains the observations of the author when wan-
dering. throughout the seasons of several years, in the woods and
fields of Lower Canada."-Advertisement.
"An elegant volume, comprising much information, the result
of local knowledge.”—Asiatic Journol.
Replete with interesting observation and good feeling. The
wood-cuts are real ornaments to a text which could well afford to
stand without embellishment."-Colonial Magazine.
"A more delightful and instructive book for readers of all ages
can scarcely be conceived.”—United Service Gazelle.
2. Birds of Jamaica, 1847, p. Svo. Illust. to do., imp. Svo.
"A very attractive and original volume, valuable to the natu-
ralist for its information, and acceptable to the general reader for
··
on 2 Chron. xx. 20, 1598, Svo. Gosson also wrote, be-
sides minor poetical pieces, the three following dramas,
which were not printed: 5. Catiline's Conspiracies. 6.
The Comedie of Captain Mario. 7. Praise at Parting;
Morality.
"He was noted for his admirable penning of pastorals, being so
excellent therein that he was ranked (by Meres in his Wit's Trea-
surie. 1598) with Sir Ph. Sidney, Tho. Chaloner, Edm. Spencer,
Abrah. Fraunce, and Rich. Bernfield, noted poets of their time.”—
Athen. Ozon.
If it once gets a lodgment in drawing-room or school-room, we
may safely trust to every boy and girl of spirit that there will be
very little peace in that devoted household till it has made an
attempt at an Aquarium."-Blackwood's Mag., Aug. 1855. See
13. A Hand-Book of the Marine Aquarium, 1855, 12mo.
14. Manual of Marine Zoology, 1855-56. 15. Tenby; a
Sea-Side Holiday, 1856. 16. Introduc. to Zoology, 1856,
2 vols. 17. Omphalos: an Attempt to Untic the Geological
Knot, 1857. 18. Hist. of Brit. Sea-Anemones, &c., 1858, 8vo.
Gosson, Stephen, 1554-1623, a divine and poet, a
native of Kent, educated at Christ Church. Oxf., became
Rector of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate Street, London, which
post he retained until his death. It is much to his credit
that he was distinguished for his opposition to the dra-
matie entertainments of the day. 1. The Schoole of Abuse,
conteining a plesaunt invective against Poetes, Pipers,
Players, Jesters, and such like Caterpillars of a Common-
wealth. Lon., 1579, 16mo; 1585, '87, 4to. One of the
earliest treatises against the stage. Reprinted in vol. iii.
of the Somers Collection of Tracts. 2. The Ephemerides
of Phialo, deuided into three books, 1579, 16mo; 1585 or
1586, 16mo. 3. Plays confuted in fiue Actions, prouing
that they are not to be suffred in a Christian Common-
weale, 1580, 8vo. 4. The Trumpet of Warre; a Serm.
Gostelo, Walter. 1. Letter to the Lord Protector,
Lon., 1654, fol. 2. Charles Stewart and Oliver Cromwell
united, 1655, Svo. 3. The Coming of God in Mercy, in
Vengeance; beginning with Fire, to convert or consume,
at this so sinful City London: oh! London, London,
165S, Svo.
"The medical term hallucination, as defined by Dr. Ferrarin his
scientific and rational Theory of Apparitions, may be well applied
to describe the state of the author's mind when he wrote this
singular hook.”—Restituta. iii. 100-120, where see copious extracts.
Gostling, Wm., 1705–1777, Vicar of Stone, in the
Island of Oxney, and minor canon of the cathedral of
Canterbury. 1. A Walk in and about the City of Canter-
bury, Lon., 1774, Svo. Enlarged, Canterb., 1777, Svo.
2. On a Fire Ball, &c., Phil. Trans., 1741.
Gostwyke, Roger. Trans. of Polanus's treat. on
Predestination, Camb., 1599, Svo.
Gostwyke, Wm. Serms., 1685, '92, '96, all 4to.
Goswell, John. Discourses, 1715, 8vo.
Gosynhyll, Edward. The Prayse of all Women,
called Muleru Pean. Very fruytfull and delectable vnto
all the reders.
Say EDWARDE GOSYNHYLL toke the labour." &c.
On the word BAITIZN, &c., Lon.,
Gotch, F. W.
Svo, 8. a.
its lifelike descriptions of the habits of the birds and the land-
scapes in which they are found. as well as for incidental glimpses
of colonial manners and habits."-Lon. Spectator.
Gother, John, d. 1704, a native of Southampton,
a member of the Church of England, became a Roman
Catholic priest, resided chiefly in London, and wrote a
number of controversial works.
by Dryden as a masterpiece. Ilis principal work, A
His style is commended
Papist Misrepresented and Represented, 1665, 4to, which
was answered by Sherlock, Stillingfleet, &c., we have
already noticed, (see CHALLONER, RICHARD, D.D.,) and
refer the reader to Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1087, 1088. His
Nubes Testium, 1686, 4to, also excited some controversy.
See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1089. A new ed. of his Sincere
Christian's Guide in the Choice of Religion was pub. in
1804, 1Smo. A new ed. of his Lessons on the Feasts was
3. Nat. Hist. of Birds, Mammals, Reptiles, and Fishes,
1848-51, 4 vols. fp. Svo. 4. Ocean Described. New ed.,
1849, 12mo. 5. British Ornithology; 70 col'd illust.,
1849, sq. New ed. 1853.
This was a book much wanted, and will prove a boon of no
common value, containing, as it does, the names, descriptions, and put forth by Husenbeth, 1846, 2 vols. 12mo. A new ed.
habits of all the British birds, handsomely got up.”—Lon. Mirror.
of his Sinner's Complaint to God was pub. by Mr. Dol-
6. Rivers of the Bible, illustrated, 1850, p. 8vo; 2d ed. man, bookseller, London, 1839, 12mo. There have been
1854. 7. Hist. of the Jews, 1851, p. Svo. S. A Naturalist's various eds. of separate treatises of Gother's; and a col-
Sojourn in Jamaica, 1851, p. Svo. 9. Text-Book of Zoo-lective ed. of his Spiritual Works, consisting of his Moral
logy for Schools, 1851, 12mo. 10. Assyria, 1852, p. Svo. and Devotional Writings, appeared in 1790, 16 vols. 12mo,
11. A Naturalist's Rambles on the Devonshire Coast, Newcastle. To his literary merits we have the following
1853, p. 8vo. 12. The Aquarium; an Unveiling of the testimony by an eminent authority:
Wonders of the Deep, 1854, Svo.
"The reader of Gother's works will, perhaps, think with the
present writer, that no composition in the English language ap
proaches nearer to the severe and nervous simplicity of the best
writings of the Dean of St. Patrick's."-CHARLES BUTLER.
“Loke and rede who that can,
This booke is prayse to eche woman.”
Lon., sine anno, (1544?) 4to, pp. 40. Black-letter.
Very rare. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 917, £31 10s; resold at
Saunders's, in 1818, £22 18. Hibbert, 3482, £11 118.
The poet was not ashamed of his performance, for he
concludes with-
"Yf question be moved who is thyne authour,
Be not addrad to utter his name,
Gotselin, d. 1098, a Frenchman, a monk of the mo-
nastery of St. Bertin, was brought to England by Hero-
man in 1058, and became a monk of Canterbury. His
principal work was a series of lives and miracles of Saints
more especially connected with Canterbury. For an ac-
count of Gotselin, his works, and edits. of them, we refer
the reader to Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.
"We find little original matter of any importance in Gotselin's
graphies. They consist chiefly of inflated versions of the
simpler style of the older writers; on which account Fabricius
compares him to the Greek hagiographer Simeon Metaphrastes.”—
Wright's Bing. Brit. Lit.
Gott, Samuel. An Essay of the True Happiness
of Man, Lou., 1650, 8vo.
Gouge, Thomas, 1605-1681, a native of Bow, justly
celebrated for his zeal in good works, was the son of Wil-
liam Gouge, D.D. He was educated at Eton School and
King's Coll., Camb., of which he became Fellow. In 168
he was presented to St. Sepulchro's, and laboured thero
zealously in the discharge of his ministerial duties until
1662, when the Act of Uniformity silenced his preaching.
He now devoted himself to the propagation of religion,
710
GOU
GOU
especially in Wales, where his schools soon numbered in
time between 300 and 400, all of which he visited at least
once every year. He had printed 8000 copies of the Bible
in Welsh, and had trans. into the same language The
Practice of Piety, The Whole Duty of Man, The Church
Catechism, &c. He used to say that he had "two livings
which he would not exchange for two of the greatest in
England." He referred to Wales and to Christ's Hospital,
London, where he instructed the children in the principles
of religion. But time-and surely our space-would fail
to tell the tenth part of this good man's efforts for the
glory of God and the salvation of man. When at last
called, at the ripe age of seventy-seven, to rest from his
labours, his death was regarded as a public loss. The
great Dr. Tillotson, who preached a most affecting sermon
in honour of his memory, declared that,
"All things considered, there have not since the primitive times
of Christianity been many among the Sons of Men to whom that
glorious Character of the Son of God might be better applied—that
he went about doing good. And Wales may as worthily boast of
this truly Apostolical Man as of their famous St. David."
We have other testimonies to the same effect:
"But Mr. Gouge's most eminent distinction was his unwearied
diligence in doing good, in which he had a most singular sagacity
and prudence in contriving the most effectual means for it."-DR.
THOMAS BIRCH: Life of Archbishop Tillotson.
"I never heard any one person, of whatever rank, sort, or sect
soever, speak one word to his dishonour. Or name any fault that
they charged on his life and doctrine."-RICHARD BAXTER: Narra-
tive of his own Life and Times.
"The excellent Gouge!... My honoured Gouge! . . . It is
lamentable to see the ignorance and wickedness yet remaining
even in many parts of the British dominions in Wales, in the
Highlands, and in Ireland. Are the Gouges all dead?" COTTON
MATHER: Essays to do Good.
Of The Surest and Safest Way of Thriving, viz., by
Charity to the Poor; a Serm. on Matt. x. 41, 42, 1673, 4to.
A new ed. was issued in 1852, 18mo; and another in the
present month, May, 1856, fp. 8vo, with Prefatory Remarks
by Baxter, and Drs. Owen, Manton, Bates, and T. Binney,
and a Sketch of the Author's Life by the latter. The Young
Man's Guide to Heaven has also been republished. The
practice of this good man in the matter of "giving," ac-
corded with his precept: for when his annual income was
reduced to £150, he gave away the £100 and lived on the
£50.
Gouge, William, D.D., 1575-1653, a native of Bow,
father of the preceding, was educated at Eton School and
King's Coll., Camb.; Rector of St. Ann, Blackfriars, Lon-
don, 1608-53; one of the Assembly of Divines, 1643. He
was one of those who protested against the murder of
Charles I. 1. The World's Great Restoration, (written by
H. Finch,) Lon., 1621, 4to. 2. Explan. of the Lord's
Prayer, 1626, 4to. 3. Domestical Duties, 1626, fol. 4. The
Whole Armour of God, 1627, fol. 5. Works, in 4 parts,
1627, fol.
6. God's Three Arrows, 1631. 4to. 7. Com-
ment. on Ps. cxvi., 1632, 4to. S. Serm., 1642, 4to. 9. Serm.,
1646, 4to.
10. Comment. on the Hebrews, with Life of
Thomas Gouge, 1655, 2 vols. fol. This excellent work
contains the substance of nearly one thousand sermons
delivered on lectures on Wednesday for thirty years!
"A very full, evangelical, and practical commentary."-Bicker-
stetli's C. S.
(C
'Gouge was a learned and pious divine, and a good textman:
he was counted (whilst he lived) the father of the London minis-
ters."-LEIGH.
"For forty-five years he was the laborious. the exemplary, and
the much-loved minister of St. Anne's. Blackfriars, where none
ever thought or spoke ill of him but such as were inclined to
think or speak ill of religion itself."-GRANGER.
under the title of "The Curse of Paper Money." An
abridgment of the work appeared in La Revue Univer-
selle, Brussels. See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ. 2. An
Inquiry into the Expediency of dispensing with Bank
Agency and with Bank Paper in the Fiscal Concerns of
the U. States, 1837, pp. 56. 3. History of the American
Banking System, 12mo, N. Y., 1835. 4. The Fiscal His-
tory of Texas, 8vo, pp. 327, Philad., 1852. Mr. Gouge
bas edited several journals, and has contributed for the
last thirty years many valuable articles on banks and
banking to various journals of the Union.
Gough, C. J. Serm., Lon., 1794, 4to.
Gough, J. The Strange Discovery; a Tragi-Comedy,
Lon., 1640, 4to.
This excellent man pub. a biography of his father, pre-pub. in 1854, sq.
fixed to the works of the latter, 1665. Several serms.,
1663, 73, 77, '79. The Principles of the Christian Re-
ligion Explained, 1679. The Young Man's Guide to
Heaven, Christian Directions, and A Word to Sinners and
a Word to Saints, 1681. An accession serm. was pub.
after his death, 1717; and a collective ed. of his works,
with Dr. Tillotson's Funeral Serm., was pub. in 1706, Svo.
"Gouge's Works are, like their venerable author. full of piety,
charity, humility, and moderation; in a word. full of practical
wisdom, accompanied with zeal for the glory of God and the salva-
tion of souls.”— Williams's C. P.
Gouge, William M., b. Nov. 10, 1796, at Phila-
delphia, was for many years engaged in the preparation
of the Documents in the Treasury Department of the U. S.
1. A Short History of Paper Money and Banking in the
U. S., including An Inquiry into the Principles of the
System, with considerations of its effects on Morals and
Happiness, Philada., 1833, 12mo, pp. 396; 2d ed., Philad.,
1842. This work has attracted considerable attention
throughout Europe and America. A mutilated edition of
the first part was republished in England by Wm. Cobbett,
Gough, J. Discourse, &c., 1789, '91, both 8vo.
Gough, John. 1. Godly Boke, Lon., 1561, 16mo.
2. Answer to Freeman, 1570, 8vo.
Gough, John. Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ Threnodia. In
qua perturbatissimus Regni et Ecclesiæ Status sub Ana-
baptistica Tyrannida lugetur, Londini, 1661, Svo.
Gough, John. Hist. of the Quakers, from their first
Rise to the present time; compiled from authentic Records
and from the Writings of that People, Dubl., 1789-90, 4
vols. 8vo.
Gough, John. 1. Positions of Sonorous Bodies,
1807. 2. Con. to Nicholson's Jour., 1798-1813. See Bibl.
Brit.
Gough, John B., a celebrated temperance lecturer,
b. 1817, at Sandgate, in Kent, England, removed to the
United States at the age of twelve years, has pub. his
Autobiography, Lon., 1846, '53, 18mo, and his Orations,
1854, 18mo. A Sketch of his Life, by Rev. W. Reid, was
Mr. Gough bas accomplished an incalculable amount
of good by his advocacy of the only remedy for nine-tenths
of the crime and pauperism which afflict Great Britain
and the United States. See BEECHER, LYMAN, D.D.
Gough, Richard, 1735–1809, "The Camden of the
18th century," has been already noticed in our article on
the illustrious antiquary just named; but a detailed ac-
count of Mr. Gough and his labours-principally from his
own pen-will be found in Nichols's Lit. Anec., vi. 262–
343; and see other vols. of that excellent work. He was
a native of London, educated at Bene't Coll., Camb.; and,
being the inheritor of a large fortune, devoted his life to
the zealous prosecution of antiquarian research. Among
his principal works, in addition to his edit. of the Bri-
tannia, already particularly noticed by us, arc, 1. Anecdotes
of British Topography, Lon., 1768, 4to. Enlarged, 1780, 2
vols. 4to. This last impression was corrected with a view
to a third ed., and presented to the author's friend, John
Nichols :
“Who will readily relinquish his right if the respectable Cura-
tors of the Oxford Press think proper to undertake a new Edition."
Nichols's Lit. Anec., vi. 273.
cott's Bibliographical Account of the Principal Works re-
Respecting this subject, see Preface, p. 2, to Mr. Up-
lating to English Topography, Lon., 1818, 3 vols. Svo.
2. Sepulchral Monuments in Great Britain, applied to illus-
trate the History of Families, Manners, Habits, and Arts
at the different periods from the Norman Conquest to the
17th century. Vol. i., containing the first four centuries
from the Conquest, 1786, fol. Vol. ii., containing the 15th
century, 1796, fol. Introduction to vol. ii., 1799. Vol. ii.
consists of three Parts, and the whole work is generally
described as in 3 vols. fol., bound in 5. Many copies of
this work, particularly of the 3d vol., were destroyed by
fire, and the whole work is seldom found free from stains.
A perfect set is worth from £55 to £62, according to bind-
ing and condition. See collation in Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Mr. Gough had made extensive preparations for a new
edit., and the drawings, &c. collected with this design
form part of bis bequest to the Bodleian Library. Its
appearance elicited enthusiastic commendations, of which
we quote some specimens:
"I found here your most magnificent present of the Second
Volume of Sepulchral Monuments, the most splendid work I ever
saw, and which I congratulate myself on having lived long enough
to see. Indeed, I congratulate my country on its appearance
exactly at so illustrious a moment," &c.—HORACE WALPOLE.
This truly magnificent work would alone have been sufficient
to perpetuate his fame, and the credit of the Arts in England;
peared. The independent master of an ample fortune. he was in
where few works of superior splendour have before or since ap-
all respects pre-eminently qualified for the labours of an Anti-
quary; the pain of whose researches can but rarely meet an ade
quate remuneration. This magnificent work must long ago have
convinced the world that he possessed not only the most inde-
fatigable perseverance, but an ardour which no expense could
possibly deter."-Nichols's Lit. Anec.: ubi supra.
711
GOU
GOU
A minor work (1794, 4to) of Mr. Gough-but one of great work of the same dimensions has ever appeared in the English
interest to the bibliographer-is the Account of the Bed-language containing so much new and valuable information ou
ford Missal, presented by Henry VI. to the Duchess of
the subject of which it treats."-PROF. JAMES HALL of Albany.
Bedford; purchased by Mr. Edwards at the Duchess of
Portland's sale. Mr. Edwards gave for this splendid MS.,
in 1786, £213. He was twice or thrice offered 500 guineas
for it. It was purchased at his sale in 1815, by the Mar-
quis of Blandford-the purchaser of the Valdarfer Boc-
caccio for £2240 !-for £687 15s. Mr. Gough pronounces
it the finest example of the art of that period (opening of
the 15th century) he had ever seen. Refer to Gough's
Account, Dibdin's Bibliographical Decameron, and Ed-
wards's Sale Catalogue, 1815. Mr. Gough's library, prints,
antiquities, &c. were sold in 1810, and produced £4069
98. 6d. The bibliographer must possess this catalogue,
and also the Catalogue of his Books relating to Topo-
graphy, &c. bequeathed to the Bodleian Library, Oxf.,
1814, 4to. The character of this eminent antiquary has
been thus eloquently sketched by Dr. Dibdin :
5. The Terrestrial Air-breathing Mollusks of the United
States and the Adjacent Territories of North America ;
text and 1 vol. plates, Boston, 1851-55.
described and illustrated by Amos Binney, 2 vols. Svo;
A Posthumous
work, edited and completed by A. A. Gould. Dr. Gould
has prefixed to this splendid work a biographical Memoir
of its distinguished author. 6. Mollusca and Shells; being
vol. xii. of the United States Exploring Expedition, 1852,
4to, with an atlas of plates, and fol. 7. History of New
Ipswich, N. Hampshire, from its First Grant in 1736 to
1852, by A. A. Gould and Frederic Kidder, Bost., 1852,
8vo. Dr. Gould has edited and contributed many valuable
articles to various scientific and medical journals.
"While the greater number of his associates might have been
emulous of distinguishing themselves in the gaieties of the table
or the chace, it was the peculiar feeling and master passion of
young Gough's mind to be constantly looking upon every arti
ficial object without as food for meditation and record. The
mouldering turret and the crumbling arch, the moss-covered
stone and the obliterated inscription, served to excite, in his mind,
the most ardent sensations, and to kindle that fire of antiquarian
research, which afterwards never knew decay: which burnt with
undiminished lustre at the close of his existence, and which
prompted him, when in the full enjoyment of his bodily faculties,
to explore long-deserted castles and mansions, to tread
neglected by-ways, and to snatch from impending oblivion many
a precious relick, and many a venerable ancestry. Ile is the
CAMDEN of modern times. He spared no labour, no toil, no ex-
pence, to obtain the best information; and to give it publicity,
when obtained, in a manner the most liberal and effective.”.
Nichols's Typograph. Antiq, of G. Brit.
As an evidence of Gough's early love of letters, we may
cite his trans. from the French of the History of the Bible
(160 folio sheets) performed between the ages of 11 and 12
years; and a trans. from the French of Claude Fleury's Cus-
tom of the Israelites, performed when in his sixteenth year.
Gough, Strickland. Serms., 1709, '13, '14, all Svo.
Gough, Strickland. Serms., &c., 1733-75, all Svo.
Gough, Wm. Londinum Triumphans; or, an Hist.
Acct. of the grand Influence the Actions of the City of
London have had upon the Affairs of the Nation for many
Ages past, Lon., 1682, 8vo.
Gough, Wm. Discourses, 1695, 12mo.
Goughe, Alex. The Queen; or, the Excellency of
her Sex, Lon, 1653, 4to.
Goughe, Hugh. House of Ottomano, &c., Lon.,
•. a., Svo.
Mr. Everett, in his Discourse on the Uses of Astronomy,
long-delivered at Albany on the 28th of August, 1856, on occa-
sion of the inauguration of the Dudley Observatory, notices
among the happy auspices under which the Observatory
commenced its history that it was
"committed to the immediate supervision of an astronomer (Dr. B.
A. Gould, Jr.) to whose distinguished talent has been added the
advantage of a thorough scientific education in the most renowned
universities of Europe, and who, as the editor of the American
Astronomical Journal, has shown himself to be fully qualified for
the high trust.”—p. 15.
Goulburn, Edward. 1. The Blueviad; a Satirical
Poem, 1805, Svo. 2. The Pursuits of Fashion; a Satirical
Pocin, 1812. 3. Edward de Montfort; a Nov., 1812, 3 vols.
Goulburn, Edward Meyrick, D.D., Master of
Rugby School. 1. Serm., 1 Sam. xix. 20, Lon., 1849, Svo.
2. The Doctrine of the Resurrection of the same Body, as
taught in Holy Scripture; Eight Serms.: Bampton Lec-
tures, 1850, Oxf., 1850, Svo. 3. Devotional Forms, Lon.,
1851, 12mo. 4. Treat. on Grammar, 1852, 12mo. 5. Puro-
chial and other Serms., Oxf., 1853, 8vo.
Gould, Augustus Addison, M.D., b. April 23,
1805, at New Ipswich, N. Hampshire, received the degree
of Bachelor of Arts at Harvard, 1825, and of Doctor of
Medicine, 1830. 1. Lamarck's Genera of Shells, with a
List of Species; translated from the French, Bost., 1833,
12mo. 2. A System of Natural History; containing
Scientific and Popular Descriptions of Various Animals,
&c., 1833, r. Svo. Of this valuable work many editions
have been issued. 3. Report on the Invertebrata of Mas-
sachusetts, Camb., 1841, 8vo. 4. Principles of Zoology,
4. Principles of Zoology,
by Louis Agassiz and Augustus A. Gould, Bost., 1848,
12mo; 2d ed., revised and enlarged, 1851. This work was
republished in Bohn's Scientific Library, Lon., 1851.
Trans. into German by Prof. Bronn; pub. at Stuttgard,
1851.
"The design of this work is to furnish an epitome of the leading
principles of the science of zoology as deduced from the present
state of knowledge, so illustrated as to be intelligible to the be
ginning student. No similar treatise exists; and, indeed, some
of the topics have not been touched upon before, unless in a
strictly technical form and in scattered articles."-Extract from
the Preface.
“A work emanating from so high a source hardly requires com-
mendation to give it currency The volume is prepared for the
student in zoological science: it is simple and elementary in its
style, full in its illustrations, comprehensive in its range, yet well
condensed, and brought into the narrow compass requisite for the
purpose intended."-Silliman's Journal.
in Boston; grad. at Harvard Coll., 1844, and at Gottingen,
Gould, Benjamin Apthorp, Jr., b. Sept. 27, 1824,
1848; Associate Royal Astronomical Soc., 1854; appointed
Director of the Dudley Observatory, Albany, N.Y., 1856.
Dr. Gould established in 1849 the Astronomical Journal,
which he edits with great ability. It now (1858) makes
four large quarto vols. The Solar Parallax, (U.S. Naval
Astron. Exp.,) Washington, 1857, pp. 230, 4to. He has
contrib. to the U.S. Coast Survey Reports, 1852-57, Astro.
nomische Nachrichten, 1847-56, Amer. Jour. of Sci., Proc.
Amer. Assoc. for Adv. of Science, N. Amer. Rev., Chris-
tian Examiner, New York Quarterly, &c.
"This work places us in possession of information half a century
in advance of all our elementary works on this subject. . . . No
Gould, Edward S., b. 1808, Litchfield, Conn., a
merchant of N. York, is a son of the late Judge James
Gould of Connecticut, author of a celebrated Treatise on
Travels in Egypt; translated from Dumas, 1838. 2. Demo-
the Principles of Pleading in Civil Actions; see post. 1.
Grandet; trans. from Balzac, 1841.
cracy in France; trans. from Dumas, 1839. 3. Eugenie
4. Father Goriot;
trans. from Balzac, 1842. 5. The Sleep-Rider; a burlesque
tale, 1842. 6. Abridgment of Alison's Hist. of Europe,
1843. 7. The Very Age; a Comedy, 1850. Also a con-
author of several translations from Victor Hugo and A.
tributor to many literary and theological journals, and the
Royer, in addition to those above noted.
Gould, Hannah Flagg, a native of Lancaster, Ver-
mont, removed in early life to Newburyport, Massachu-
setts, where she has since resided. In 1832 she pub. a
riodicals of the day. In 1835 a second, and in 1841 a
vol. of poems, which had originally appeared in the pe-
third, vol. were given to the world. The number of edits.
of these productions is the best proof of the extensive
popularity of the author. Encouraged by such success,
in 1846 she pub, a collection of her prose articles, under
and in 1850 favoured the reading public with a volume
the title of Gathered Leaves, or Miscellaneous Papers,
of New Poems.
In the same year appeared The Diosma :
a perennial—a vol. of poems selected and original ;-- and
She has since pub.-in 1853-The Mother's Dreamin, and
The Youth's Coronal, a book of poems for little people.
other poems.
"In truth, the great power of her poetry is its moral application.
This hallows every object she looks upon, and ennobles every i
cident she celebrates. She takes lowly and homely themes, bat
she turns them to the light of heaven. and they are beautiful and
refined and elevated."-Mrs. Hole's Woman's Record.
See also Griswold's Female Poets of America.
Gould, Judge James, 1770-1838, educated at Yale
College, became widely known as Professor in the Law
School at Litchfield, Connecticut. In 1816 he was ap-
pointed Judge of the Superior Court and Supreme Court
of Errors in Connecticut. A memoir of this distinguished
ornament of the legal profession will be found in G. H.
Hollister's Hist. of Connecticut, vol. ii. A Treatise on
2d ed., N. York, 1836, 8vo; 3d ed., Burlington, 1849, 8vo.
the Principles of Pleading in Civil Actions, 1832, 8vo;
This work is compiled from the lectures delivered by
Judge Gould in the course of his duties at Litchfield.
"We should be pleased to find Judge Gould's production in the
hands of every student, alongside of Mr. Stephen's."-Hoffman's
Leg. Stu.. xxxviii. 1.
..
The work does not enter much into details. but as a concise
and accurate collection and statement of the principles of Pleading
it is not equalled by any similar production except Serjeant Ste
12
GOU
GOW
phen's. Gould's Pleading is a legal classic of the highest order,
and has placed its author among the very best legal writers of the
age." See Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 342; 8 A. J., 74; 15,495; 1 L. R.. 53.
Gouldsborough, John. See GOLDESBOROUGH, JOHN.
Goulston, Goulson, or Gulson, Theodore, M.D.,
Gould, John, an eminent naturalist, b. at Lyme, Dor-tureship of Pathology which bears his name, was educated
d. 1632, a native of Northamptonshire, founder of the Lec-
setshire, England, Sept. 14, 1804, displayed in early life a
taste for those pursuits the successful prosecution of which
has gained him such merited distinction. 1. A Century of
Birds from the Himalaya Mountains, Lon., 1831-32, imp.
fol., £14 148. 2. Birds of Europe, 1832-37, 5 vols. imp.
fol., £76 8«. 6d. 3. Monograph of the Ramphastidæ; or,
Family of Toucans, 1834, imp. fol., £7. 4. Icones Avium,
1837-38, Pts. 1 and 2, imp. fol., 35s. each. 5. Monograph
of the Trogonidae; or, Family of Trogons, 1838, imp. fol.,
at, and Fellow of, Merton Coll., Oxf. He enjoyed an ex-
tensive practice in London, and was distinguished as a
in Aristotelis Rhetoricam, Lon., 1619, '23, 4to. 2. Aristo-
Latin and Greek scholar. 1. Versio Latina et Paraphrasis
telis de Poeticâ Liber Latinè conversus, et Analytica Me-
Camb., 1696, Svo. 3. Versio Varia Lectiones et Annota-
thodo illustratus, 1623, 4to. Cum Notis Sylburgi Heinsii,
tiones Critica in Opuscula varia Galeni, Lon., 1640, 4to.
Edited by his friend, the Rev. Thomas Gataker, of Ro-
therhithe.
£8. In 1838 Mr. Gould visited Australia with the laudable
design of studying the natural productions of that country.
As the result of this visit, we have the following splendid
work: 6. The Birds of Australia, 1842-51, 7 vols. imp. fol.,
£115. A Synopsis of this work has been pub., imp. 8vo,
at 258. each Pt. 7. Monograph of the Macropodidae; or,
Family of Kangaroos, 1841-42, imp. fol., Pts. 1 and 2,
each £3 38. 8. Monograph of the Odontophorinæ; or,
Partridges of America, 1844-46, imp. fol., £S S». 9. Mam-
mals of Australia, 1845, Pts. 1 and 2, imp. fol., each £3 38.
10. Trochilidæ; or, Family of Humming Birds, 1850, Pt.
1, imp. fol., £3 38. To Mr. Gould's knowledge and taste
the public is indebted for the collection of Humming Birds
now exhibited in the Gardens of the Zoological Society,
Regent's Park, London. This collection should be exa-
mined, after an attentive perusal of W.C. L. Martin's General
History of the Trochilidae, with especial reference to the
Collection of J. Gould, F.R.S., &c. This volume ranges
with Jardine's Naturalist's Library, and completes the
Humming Birds in that series. We should not omit to
give Mr. Gould credit for his labours in aiding to prepare
the department of "Birds" in the Zoology of the Voyage
of H. M. S. Beagle. In this vol. will be found a notice of
their habits and ranges by CHARLES DARWIN, q. v.
Gould, John W., 1814-1838, a native of Litchfield,
Conn., a brother of Edward S. Gould, and son of Judge
James Gould, contributed a number of articles to the New
York Mirror, and the Knickerbocker Magazine, in the
years 1834-35. These were collected after his death and
privately printed by his brothers in 1839, Svo. The Tales
and Sketches of the vol. entitled Forecastle Yarns were
pub. by the New World Press in 1843, and a new ed. by
Stringer and Townsend, N. York, 1854. See Duyckincks'
Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
Gould, Lucius D., b. 1814, in N. Jersey, America.
House-Carpenter's and Joiner's Assistant, N. York, 4to.
Gould, M. T. The Stenographic Reporter; a monthly
Journal, Washington, 1840-41, 2 vols. Svo.
1. Com-
Gould, Nathaniel D., of Boston, Mass.
panion to the Psalmist. 2. National Church Harmony.
3. Sabbath School Harmony. 4. Social Harmony. 5. Sa-
cred Minstrel. 6. Beauties of Writing. 7. Writing Mas-
ter's Assistant. S. Progressive Penmanship. 9. Hist. of
Church Music in America.
Gould, Robert. 1. Ludus Scacchia; a Satyr, with
other Poems, Lon., 1675, Svo. 2. Poems, chiefly consist-
ing of Satyrs and Satyrical Pieces, 1689, Svo. 3. The
Corruption of the Times by Money; a Satyr, 1693, fol.
Gould, W. T. Address Introduc. to the 2d Course
of Lectures in the Law School at Augusta, Augusta,1835,8vo.
Gould, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1676, 4to.
Gould, Wm.
Con. on nat. philos., &c. to Phil. Trans.,
1684.
Gould, Wm. English Ants, Lon., 1747, Svo.
Gould, Wm. Serm., 1774, 4to.
Gould, Wm. Trans. of A Short Discourse of the
Sacrament, by Maurus Rabanus, Aberd., 1624, 12mo.
Gould, Wm. M. Zephyrs from Italy and Sicily, N.
York, 1852, 16mo. Highly commended.
Goulde, Wmn. Serms., 1672, '74, '76, 'S2, all 4to.
Goulding, Rev. F. R., of Kingston, Georgia. Ro-
bert and Harold; or, The Young Marooners on the Florida
Coast, Phila., 1852, 18mo.
"I have read the Young Marooners in MS. with exceeding in-
terest, and think it one of the most attractive books for the young
I have ever seen. My group of children, to whom I read it, with
unanimous acclaim pronounced the book to be equal to Robinson
Crusoe. A child's verdict cannot give higher praise.”—REV. JOHN
S. C. ABBOTT.
"We do not hesitate to say that it is a remarkable little book;
and will undoubtedly become a great favourite with the young, as
it well deserves the confidence and favour of parents."-Phila.
Biblical Repertory.
Gouldman, Francis.
1664, 4to; Camb., 1674, 4to.
good, 1678, fol.
Lat. and Eng. Diet'y, Lon.,
With addits. by Dr. Scatter-
With addits. by Dr. Scatter-
Gourdon. Request to R. Catholics, Lon., 1687, 4to.
Gourdon, Sir Robert. Receipt to Cure Mad Dogs
or their bite; Phil. Trans., 1687.
Gourlay, John. Art of War, 1809, 8vo.
Gourlay, Robert. 1. Reform, 1809, 8vo. 2. Lett.
to Earl of Kellie, 1809, 8vo. 3. Upper Canada, 1822, 3
vols. Svo.
Gourlay, Wm., M.D. 1. Diseases of Jamaica, 1783-
1808, Lon., 1811, 8vo. 2. Con. to Med. Com., 1785, '91.
Gove, Rev. Richard. Theolog. treatises, 1650-54.
Goveanus, Thomas. 1. Ars Sciendi, Lon., 1682,
8vo. 2. Logica Elenatica, Dubl., 1683, 12mo.
Govett, R. Theolog. works, Lon., 1841-53.
Govett, R., Jr. Expos. of Isaiah, Lon., 1841, 8vo.
“Some valuable remarks on the prophecies, but too little regard-
ing their past fulfilment."-Bickerstell's C. S.
Other theological works.
Gow, Neil. 1. Reports N. P. Ct., C. P., and Oxf. Cir,
M. T., 1818, to E. T., 1820, Lon., 1828, 8vo. 2. Prac. Treat
on Law of Partnership, 3d ed., with addits., 1841, r. 8vo.
2d Amer. ed., with Notes and ref. to Amer. Cases, Phila.,
and Append. to 1844, Phila., 1837-15, Svo. 3d Amer. ed.
"Mr. Ingraham has enriched this work by a series of learned
notes, in which the American cases are diligently collected, and
the force and application of them ably considered."-Kent's Com.
Gowar, F. R. Chem. con. to Nic. Jour., 1811.
Gower. Patriotic Songster, &c., Lon., 1793, 12mo.
Gower, Foote, M.D. 1. Sketch of the Materials for
a new Hist. of Cheshire, &c., Lon., 1771, 4to; 2d ed., Ches-
ter, 1772, 4to; 3d ed., by Wm. Latham, 1800, who pub. an
Dr. Foote.
Address to the Public on the subject, as did also (1772, 4to)
Gower, Humphrey, D.D., Master of St. John's Coll.,
Camb. 1. Two Funl. Serms., 1685, 4to. 2. Serm., 1685.
Gower, John, 1325?-1402, the contemporary and
which principally pertain to the latter as the Father of
friend of Chaucer, is entitled to some share of the honours
English Poetry. The personal history of Gower-Sir
in great obscurity. All that can be considered settled is
John Gower, so some, Judge Gower, so others-is involved
that he was a student of law in the Inner Temple, learned
in his profession, a man of substance, and in high esteem
with his contemporaries, and lost his sight about threo
years before his death. His monument, which retains "a
considerable portion of ancient magnificence," is still to
be seen in St. Saviour's Church.
"It is of the Gothic style, covered with three arches, the roof
within springing into many angles, under which lies the statue
of the deceased. in a long purple gown; on his head a coronet of
roses, resting on three volumes entitled Vox Clamantis, Speculum
Meditantis and Confessio Amantis. Ilis dress has given rise to some
of those conjectures respecting his history which cannot now be
determined. as his being a knight, a judge, etc."
His principal work consists of three parts, only the third
of which-finished in 1393-has been printed: I. Specu-
lum Meditantis, or the Mirrour of Meditation; in French
rhymes, ten books: it treats of the nature of virtue and
vice; conjugal fidelity; the duty and mode of repentance.
II. Vox Clamantis, or the Voice of one crying in the Wil-
derness, contains in seven books of Latin elegiacs a metri-
cal chronicle of the insurrection of the Commons in the
reign of Richard the Second.
tis, or the Lover's Confession, is an English poem in eight
reign of Richard the Second. III. The Confessio Aman-
books, (said to contain 30,000 verses,) written by command
of Richard the Second, who, "meeting our poet Gower
rowing on the Thames near London, invited him into the
royal barge, and after much conversation requested him
to 'book some new thing.'
"""
"It is on the last of these pieces-the CONFESSIO AMANTIS-that
Gower's character and reputation as a poet are almost entirely
founded. This poem, which bears no immediate reference to the
other two divisions, is a dialogue between a lover and his con-
fessor, who is a priest of Venus, and, like the mystagogue in the
PICTURE of Cebes, is called Genius. Here, as if it had been impos-
sible for a lover not to be a good Catholic, the ritual of religion is
applied to the tender passion, and Ovid's Art of Love is blended
with the breviary. In the course of the confession. every evil
713
GOW
GRA
|
affection of the human heart which may tend to impede the pro-
gress or counteract the success of love, is scientifically subdivided.
and its fatal effects exemplified by a variety of apposite stories,
extracted from classics and chronicles. The poet often introduces
or recapitulates his matter in a few couplets of Latin long and
short verses. This was in imitation of Boethius."-Wurton's Hist.
of Eng. Poetry.
The reader must carefully peruse Warton's elaborate
criticism on Gower's productions. For the biographical
detail of the little that is known, and that which is sur-
mised, respecting the author, he must refer to Dr. Camp-
bell's Life of Gower, in the Biog. Brit., from which we
shall quote some ancient opinions respecting Gower's
merits as a poet. Even in the lighter strains of his muse
he sought to be the instructor of the dark age in which
his lot was cast. He is well entitled to the honourable
appellation, conferred upon him by the most illustrious
English poet of the times, of Moral Gower:
** O moral Gower! this boke I directe
To the, and to the philosophicall strode,
To vouchsafe there nede is for to correcte
Of your benignities and zelis gode."
Conclusion of Troilus and Cresside.
It is not perhaps altogether irrelevant to show that
Gower was not insensible to the merits of his fellow-poet
and literary disciple. In the Confessio Amantis he makes
Venus pay the following tribute to Chaucer :
"And grete wel Chaucer, when ye mete,
As my disciple and my poéte:
For in the flowers of his youth
In sundry wise, as he well couthe,
Of ditees and of songés glade
The which he for my sake made," &c.
Gower subsequently omitted these verses, and it is sup-
posed that the friendship which subsisted between these
eminent scholars and poets suffered some interruption in
the latter part of their lives; but this presumption is not
beyond doubt, nor is it a theme upon which we care to
linger.
I
or
Berthelette, in dedicating Gower's Confessio Amantis to
K. Henry VIII., is enthusiastic in its commendation:
"And who so ever in redynge of this worke doth consider it well,
shall fynde that it is plentifully stuffed and fournished with mani-
folde eloquent reasons, sharpe and quicke argumentes, and ex-
amples of great aucthoritie. perswadynge unto vertue, not only
taken out of the poets, oratours. historie-writers, and philosophers,
but also out of the holy scripture. There is to my dome no man
but that he maie by readinge of this worke get righte great know-
ledge, as well for the understandynge of many and divers auctours,
whose reasons, sayenges, and histories, are translated in to this
worke. as for the pleintie of English words and vulgars, beside the
furtherance of the life to vertue."
Putltenham, treating of the parents of English poetry,
remarks:
"I will not reach above the time of King Edward the third and
Richard the second, for any that wrote in English metre; because,
before their times. by reason of the late Norman Conquest, which
had brought into this realm much alteration both of our language
and lawes, and therewithall a certain martial barbaronsnes, where
by the study of all good learning was so much decayed. as long
after no man. or very few, intended to write on any laudable sci-¦
ence; so as beyond that time there is little or nothing worth com-
mendation to be founde written in this arte. And those of the
first age were Chaucer and Gower, both of them, as I suppose,
Knightes. After whom followed John Lidgate, the Monke of
Bury, and that nameless. who wrote the Satyre called Piers Plow-
man."-Art of English Poesie.
|
፡፡
In the Italian language the first that made it to aspire to be a
Treasure House of Science were the poets Dante. Boccace, and Pe-
trarch. So in our English were Gower and Chaucer, after whom,
encouraged and delighted with their excellent foregoing. others
have followed to beautifie our mother tongue, as well in the same
kind as other arts.”—Sir Philip Sidney's Defence of Poesie.
*.
Gower being very gracious with King Henrie the fourth, in his
time carried the name of the only poet; but his verses, to say
truth, were poor and plaine. yet full of good and grave moralitie,
but while he affected altogether the French phrase and words,
made himself too obscure to his reader. beside his invention
cometh far short of the promise of his titles."-PEACHAM: The
Compleat Gentleman.
But Dr. Warton defends Gower and others, who share in
the censure, against those critics who blame these writers
for not adhering more closely to their own tongue :
"I close this section with an apology for Chaucer. Gower, and
Occleve, who are supposed, by the severer etymologists, to have
corrupted the purity of the English language by affecting to intro-
duce so many foreign words and phrases. But if we attend only
to the polities of the times, we shall find these poets, as also some
of their successors, much less blameable in this respect than the
critics imagine.”
Read this satisfactory vindication-Hist. of Eng. Poet.,
Section xx., and see Section xix. for an account of Gower's
works still in MS.
Mr. Hallam's opinion of Gower's merits as a poet seems
to coincide very nearly with that of Peacham:
"A vast interval must be made between Chaucer and any other
English poet; yet Gower, his contemporary, though not, like him.
a poet of nature's growth, had some effect in rendering the lau-
I
guage less rude and exciting a taste for verse; if he never rises,
he never sinks low; he is always sensible, polished, perspicuous.
and not prosaic in the worst sense of the word.”—Lit. Hist. of
Europe.
We have referred to Warton's account of Gower's works
in manuscript. In the History of English Poetry will be
found copious extracts from the Cinquante Balades, or
Fifty French Sonnets, which compose the "most curious
and valuable part of Lord Gower's manuscript." In 1818,
4to, the entire contents of the MS., with the exception of
the poem "De Pacis Commendatione," was printed by
Lord Gower, subsequently Duke of Sutherland, for the
Members of the Roxburghe Club. Sir M. M. Sykes, 1628,
£5 58. Boswell, 3045, £5 58. Dent, Pt. 2, 1206, £4 10s.
Of the Confessio Amantis, the Confessy on of the Louer,
the first ed. was printed by Caxton in 1493, (misprinted
1483,) fol.:
"The Roxburghe copy of this book produced the enormous sum
of 3361., purchased by the Duke of Devonshire. The Merly copy
was purchased for 3157. by the Duke of Marlborough; and, at the
sale of the Duke's books, brought the sum of 2057. 16s. The pur
chaser was Mr. George Watson Taylor: at the sale of whose library
again in 1823. it was found to be imperfect, and sold for 571. 15s."
-Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
In Dibdin's Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit., i. 177-185, will be
found a full account of the Caxtonian ed, of the Confessio
Amantis.
Thomas Berthelette printed a second ed. in 1532, fol.,
and a third in 1554, fol. These have sold at prices rang-
ing from £2 to £8 18s. 6d. each, according to condition,
state of the bibliomania, &c. In addition to the author-
ities already cited, the reader must consult Todd's Illustra-
tions of Gower and Chaucer, which has been noticed in
our life of Chaucer: Ellis's Specimens of Early Eng. Poet.;
Chalmers's British Poets; Brydges's ed. of Phillips's Theat.
Poet. See an interesting anecdote respecting the Confessio
Amantis, K. Charles I., and the Marquess of Worcester,
Mrs. Thomson's Recollections of Literary Characters and
Celebrated Places, ii. 299–301. We may be excused for
devoting so much space to an author who is almost un-
known to the modern reader, when we have the high
authority of Dr. Warton to justify us in the assertion that
if Chaucer
in
"had not existed, the compositions of Gower would have been
sufficient to rescue the reigns of Edward the Third and Richard
the Second from the imputation of barbarism.”
Gower, John. Serm., 1772, 4to.
Gower, Nathaniel. Serm., 1709, 4to.
Gower, Richard. Children's Diseases, Lon.,1682,Svo.
Gower, Richard Hall. 1. Seamanship, Lon., 1793,
'96, 1808, Svo. 2. Supp. to do., 1807, '10, Svo. 3. Con-
voys, 1811, Svo. 4. Naval Architecture, 1811, Svo.
Gower, Stanley. Serm., Lon., 1644, 4to.
Grace, Henry. His History of his Life and Suffer.
ings, Reading, Eng., 1764, Svo, pp. 56.
The author's recital of the various hardships he underwent
affords that painful entertainment we usually find in historical
details of distress, especially when they have any thing of adven-
ture in them, as is the case with the present artless but affecting
narrative.”—Lon. Month. Rev.
Ma
Grace, Job. Serm., 2 Cor. xix. 6, 1710, 4to.
Grace, Sheffield. 1. A Survey of Tullaroan, or
Grace's Parish, Dubl., 1819, 8vo. 2. Memoirs of the
Family of Grace, Lon., 1823, Svo. Both privately printed.
For an account of these records of the Grace Family, and
a notice of the Grace Mausoleum, Dubl., 1819, Svo, see
Martin's Bibl. Cat. of Books Privately Printed.
Gracin, M. Horticult. con. to Phil. Trans., 1730.
Grady, S. G. 1. Regis. of Voters Act, &c., Lon.,
1843, 12mo. 2. Law of Fixtures, 1845, 12mo. 3. In con-
junction with C. H. Scotland, Law and Practice, Crown
side. Ct. of Q. B., 1844, 12mo.
Græm, C. Montis, R. Pietas in Patrem e vita de-
cedentem, Edin., 1609, 4to.
Græme, John, 1748-1772, a native of Carnwarth,
Lanarkshire, Scotland, composed a number of poems
which were collected and pub. at Edin. in 1773, 8vo.
There are few of them entitled to superior praise, and certainly
none that can justify the length to which the detail of his life and
opinions has been extended." See Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Ander-
|
son's Poets: Park's Poets: Brit. Crit., vol. vii.
Græme, Wm., M.D. 1. Knowl. in Physic, Lon.,
1729, 8vo. 2. Historia Morbi Tho. Herdman, 1730, 8vo.
In English, by Isaac Massay, 1730, Svo.
Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of,
1736-1811, reprinted an ed. of Griesbach's Greek Test, at
his own expense. 1. Hints to the Clergy, Nobility, and
Gentry. 2. Apeleutherus. This treats of theolog. subjects.
Grafton, H. D., Capt. U. States Artillery. Treatise
on the Camp and March, &c., Bost., 1854, 12mo.
314
GRA
GRA
Grafton, Mary. 1. Spiritual Gleanings, Lon., 1808,
Svo. 2. Pleasures of Religion, 1814, Svo.
Grafton, Richard, an English printer to Edward
VI., of the 16th century, is best known to posterity by
the Chronicles which bear his name. In the time of
Henry VIII. he was imprisoned six weeks in the Fleet
for printing Matthew's Bible and the Great Bible without
notes; and he was subsequently deprived of his patent for
printing the proclamation of Lady Jane Grey, Queene of
England, &c., 1563, fol. He pub. in 1562, 16mo, An
Abridgment of the Chronicles of England,
(
C
Reprinted the two succeeding years, and in 1572. And as
Stowe had published his Summarie of the Englyshe Chronicles in
1565, Grafton sent out as a rival. an abridgement of his abridge-
ment, which he entitled 'A Manuell of the Chronicles of Eng-
land'; and Stowe, not to be behind with him. published in the
same year his Summarie of Chronicles Abridged. This rivalship
was accompanied by harsh reflections on each other in their re-
spective prefaces. In 15.9 Grafton published his Chronicle at
large, and meere History of the Allayres of Englande,' [and
Kinges of the same,' 2 vols. folio,] some part of which seems to
have been unjustly censured by Buchanan."
<
See Ames and Herbert's Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit., and
Dibdin's edit. thereof, for an account of Grafton's publica-
tions. Grafton's Chronicle was repub.. Lon., 1809, 2 vols.
4to, with his Table of Bailiffs, Sheriffs, and Mayors of
London, 1189-1558, corrections, and copious index. Yet
the edit. of 1569, 2 vols. fol., sometimes bound in one rol.,
is not to be had when perfect, save at a high price. The
collector must observe that the copy which he buys has
the original wood-engraved frontispiece, containing por-
traits of the Kings of England, also a portrait of Q. Eliza-
beth, and the table or index to the second vol., consisting
of five leaves, on the last page of which is Grafton's
woodcut device-a Tun. Such a copy, well bound, will
hardly be sold at less than £10 to £12. As an authority,
Grafton does not occupy the first rank. Bishop Nicolson
speaks with but little respect of Hall's Chronicles, and
with still less of our author's:
|
1789 selected New York as a permanent residence, and
lived in that city until her death. She was devoted to
good works; and several useful institutions of the city are
her best monuments. Her grandson, the Rev. George W.
Bethune, D.D., of Brooklyn, New York, inherits both her
literary talents and moral virtues. Dr. Mason pub. Me-
moirs of Mrs. Graham; and of her Life and Writings,
(first pub. 1816, Svo) more than 50,000 copies have been
sold in America, and many in England and Scotland.
New ed., Lon., 1838, 8vo. Letters and Correspondence,
selected by her daughter, Mrs. Bethune, N. York, 1838,
Svo. Edited by the Rev. J. Marshall, Lon., 1839, Svo.
Memoir of, N. York, 12mo: also by the Amer. Tract Soc.
Graham, James, Marquis of Montrose, 1612-1650,
one of the most illustrious characters of modern history,
murdered in the nost brutal manner by his political enc-
See
mies, was the author of a number of poems, &c.
Watson's Collection; Pinkerton's Scottish Ballads; Rit-
son's Scottish Songs. It is rather doubtful what pieces
may be certainly ascribed to him; but
Graham, George Farquhar. 1. Essay on Musical
Composition, Edin., 1838, 4to. 2. Art of English Composi-
tion, 1840, 12mo; 4th ed., 1858. 3. First Steps to Latin
Writing; 2d ed., 1844, 12mo. 4. Chart of English Sove-
reigns, 1843, Svo. 5. Helps to English Grammar, 1843,
12mo. 6. English Synonymes. 1846, 12mo: edited by
Henry Reed, LL.D., N. York, 1847, 12mo: 3d Lon. ed.,
1858. 7. English Spelling-Book, 1847, 12mo. S. Studies
from the English Poets, 1852, 12mo; 2d ed., 1858.
Songs of Scotland, 1856, r. Svo. 10. English Style, 1857,
12mo. Also articles Music, Organ, &c. in Encye. Brit.,
8th ed., 1853–60.
9.
"To the Verses on Charles the First he has an unquestionable
right; and they are conceived with the vigour and dignity of a
Select Beauties of Anc. Eng. Poet.
"He was not without vanity, but his virtues were much
superior, and he well deserved to have his memory preserved and
celebrated among the most illustrious persons of the age in which
he lived."-LORD CLARENDON.
Graham, Isabella, 1742-1814, a native of Lanark,
Scotland, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Marshall, in
See Lloyd's Memoirs; De Rebus præclare ab eo gestis,
1647, 8vo; Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors, and
authorities there cited.
"A great borrower from this Hall was Richard Grafton, who, as
Buchanan rightly observes, was a very heedless and unskilful
writer; and yet he has the honour done him to be sometimes
quoted by Stowe and others."-Eng. Hist. Lib., ed. 1777, p. 58.
But it is not to be forgotten on Grafton's behalf that
he assures us that he himself wrote the completion of
Hall's continuation of his Chronicle; and if Bishop
Nicolson alludes to the continuation, he seems to do Graf-
ton injustice. In 1543, 4to, Grafton pub. Harding's
Chronicle, with a continuation of his own, in prose, to the
thirty-fourth year of Henry VIII.
Graglia, C. 1. Italian Exercises, Lon., 12mo. 2.
Grammar, 12mo. 3. Letters, 12mo. 4. Ital. and Eng.
Dictionary, new ed., 1851, 18mo.
Graglia, G. A. 1. Dictionary of Ital. and Eng., Lon.,
1786, sm. 4to; 1795, 12mo; 1815, 12mo. 2. Guide to
Italian, 1803, 12mo.
Graham. See GREME.
Graham. Wallace; a Tragedy, Edin., 1799, Svo. 1841, 12mo.
Only six copies printed.
1.
Graham, Dr. Con. to Med. Com., 1787.
Graham, Catherine. See MACAULAY.
Graham, David, Jr., of the New York Bar.
Cts. of Law and Equity in N. York, N. York, 1839, Svo.
2. New Trials, 1834, Svo. New ed., greatly enlarged, by
New ed., greatly enlarged, by
D. Graham, Jr., and Thos. W. Waterman, 1856, 3 vols.
Svo. 3. Prac. of the Supreme Ct. of N. York, 2d ed., 1836,
8vo; 3d. ed., vol. i., 1847, Svo. Vol. ii. in preparation.
Graham, Dougal. Hist. of the Rebellion in Brit.
in 1745-46; 5th ed., Glasg., 1787, 12mo; 9th ed., Fal-
kirk, 1812, 8vo.
Graham, George, 1675-1751, an astronomical
strument maker, a native of Cumberland, contributed
astronom, and other papers to Phil. Trans., 1721-48.
Graham, George. Telemachus; a Mask, Lon.,
1762, 4to.
Graham, James. Con. to Med. Obs. and Ing., 1755.
Graham, James, M.D. Med. work, 1779-90.
Graham, James. Population, 1816, Svo.
Graham, James, of New Orleans, has now (1856)
in preparation, promised in the present year, The Life of
Col. Daniel Morgan, of the Continental Army, from his
unpub. letters and papers.
unpub. letters and papers. Mr. G. is a grandson of Col.
Morgan. No life of the hero of Cowpens bas yet ap-
peared, and the only biographical sketch which has been
published is not thought by Mr. Graham to do justice to
its subject.
Graham, Rt. Hon. Sir James Robert George,
b. June, 1792, has occupied many important positions
under the British Government. Coin and Currency: an
Address to the Land-owners, Lon., 1827, Svo.
"An exceedingly well-written, able pamphlet."-McCulloch's
Lit. of Pulit. Econ., q. v.
Graham, John, 1694-1773, minister in Woodbury,
Connect. 1. Ballad against the Ch. of Eng. in Connec,
1732. 2. Tract on the same subject. 3. Rejoinder to
Johnson's Answer. See Chandler's Life of Saml. John-
son, D.D.
Graham, John. Serms., &c., 1800, '06, '10.
Graham, John. Serms., 1835, '38.
Graham, Rev. John. 1. Hist. of Ireland, 1689-91,
Lon., 1839, 12mo. 2. Siege of Londonderry; new ed.,
Graham, John A., LL.D. Sketch of Vermont, Lon.,
1797, Svo. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova.
Graham, John Lorimer, born in Vermont, pub.
Letters from Vermont, Junius Identified, &c.
Graham, Mary Jane, 1803-1830, a native of Lon-
don, removed a few years before her death to Stoke-
Fleming, where she died. She trans. the Vicar of Wake-
field into French, Latin, and Spanish, and commenced an
Italian version. None of these translations were pub.
She was also acquainted with Greek, and skilled in ma-
in-thematics; upon this science she left an original MS.
Some of her addresses and questions written for the chil-
dren of her parish, and other remains, have been pub. She
is best known by The Test of Truth, the 7th ed. of which
appeared in 1852, sq.
Graham, Maria. See CALLCOTT, LADY MARIA; Lou.
Gent. Mag., Jan. 1843, 98-99.
An interesting Memoir of Miss Graham was pub. by
the Rev. Charles Bridges, Vicar of Old Newton. Suffolk,
1st ed., 1832; 2d ed., ÏS33. New ed., 1853, fp. Svo.
"The writer is glad to find that the large extent of quotation
[from the Test of Truth) with which he has indulged himself has
in some means been effectual to introduce Miss Graham's work
from the comparative obscurity of an anonymous publication into
that more general acceptance which in his own. and, he presumes
he may add, in his reader's, judgment it well deserves.”—REV.
CHARLES BRIDGES: Memoir of M. J. Graham.
1
Graham, Patrick, D.D. 1. Scenery of Perthshire,
Edin., 1806, '10, '12. 12mo. 2. Authenticity of Ossian,
1807, Svo; Lon.. 1810, Svo.
Graham, Rich. Latitude; Phil. Trans., 1734.
Graham, Robert. Lett. to Wm. Pitt, Lon., 1788, Sva.
715
GRA
GRA
raham, Robert, M.D. 1. Fever, Glasg, 1818, Svo.
2. Obstructed Aorta; Medico-Chirurg. Trans., 1814.
Graham, Robert Hay, M.D. Water Cure as prac-
tised at Graefenberg, Lou., 1844, Svo.
"During the two months Dr. Graham passed at or near Graefen-
berg, he had ample opportunities of investigating the nature of the
treatment pursued by Preissnitz, the class of persons who consti-
tute his patients. and the results which are obtained; and of these
opportunities he availed himself to the utmost. His book is cer-
tainly the most scientific and most impartial, and yet the most
merciless, exposé of the Graefenberg fraud, that we have met with;
the most complete history that has appeared. not only of hydro-
pathy as practised by the followers of Preissnitz, but as practised
by Floyer, Baynard. Currie, &c."—Lon. Lancet.
Graham, Thomas, D.C.L., b. 1805, at Glasgow;
Master of the Mint; Prof. of Chemistry in University Coll.,
London. 1. Elements of Botany, Lon., 1842, 12mo. 2.
For Schools, 1848, p. 8vo. 3. Elements of Chemistry,
1848, Svo. Amer. ed., with Notes and Addits. by Robert
Bridges, M.D., Phila., 1852, Svo; new ed., Pt. 1, Lon., 1856:
Pt. 2, 1858, Svo,-forming 2 vols. A work of great value.
Graham, Thomas J. 1. The Cold-Water System;
an Essay exhibiting the merits and most safe and effectual
employment of this excellent System in Debility,
gestion, &c., 2d ed., Lon., 1843, Svo. 2. Modern Domestic
Medicine, 11th ed., 1853, Sro.
We shall preserve it as the advice of an invaluable friend, to
which we can refer in the hour of need. without any doubt of be
ing benefited by its wisdom."-Lon. Literary Chronicle.
Other medical, &c. works.
"We need not add that the perusal of this volume has afforded
us a very uncommon degree of pleasure. The sensibility, without
any affectation, which the author on all occasions displays, cannot
fail to interest every reader: he plainly feels every charm of na-
ture he describes.”—Lon. Literary Journal.
Į
5. Poems, Lon., 1807, 2 vols. 8vo.
Graham, Rev. W. The Jordan and the Rhine; or,
the East and the West, Lon., 1854, Svo.
"Particularly rich in notes of modern Eastern habits, customs,
and peculiarities, as illustrative of Scripture: and in regard to
these communicating a mass of information often of a singularly
curious and suggestive kind."-Lon. Advertiser.
Graham, Walter, M.D. Water in Cystisis adhering
to the Peritonæum; Phil. Trans., 1741.
Graham, Wm. Serms., &c., 1759, '71, '72, Lon., all Svo.
Graham, Wm., Rector of Stapleton. The Eclogues
of Virgil, trans. into English Verse, Lon., 1786, Svo.
Graham, Rev. Wm., of Newcastle. 1. Review of
Eccles. Establish. in Europe, Glasg., 1792; Lon., 1812,
8vo. 2. Missionary Societies, 1797, Svo.
delineation of natural objects, and the interest thrown over them
by the strong expression of characteristic sentiments; and the same
truth and force of description, with the same interest arising from
the development of the writer's mind, will be found in the Birds
of Scotland."-Lon. Month. Rev.
Grahame, James, 1765-1811, a native of Glasgow,
and educated at the University of that city, after devoting
come years to legal pursuits, took holy orders, and became
successively Curate of Shipton, in Gloucestershire, and of
He wrote a number
Sedgefield, in the county of Durham.
of poems, the principal of which are in blank verse.
Mary Stewart, Queen of Scots, Edin., 1801, Svo.
1.
6.
His drama of Mary Stuart wants that passionate and happy
vigour which the stage requires."-Allan Cunningham's Biog, and
Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the last Fifty Years.
“No practical farmer, he may depend upon it, will ever submit
to be schooled in blank verse, however near it may approach to
prose, or will ever condescend to look into the British Georgics for
instruction; while the lovers of poetry must be very generally dis-
gusted by the tediousness of those discourses on practical hus-
Indi-bandry, which break in every now and then, so ungracefully, on
the loftier strains of the poet. They who do read on. however, will
be rewarded, we think. by many very pleasing and beautiful pas
sages; and even those whose natures are too ungentle to admire
this kind of poetry must love the character from which it pro-
ceeds, and which it has so strong a tendency to form."-LORD
JEFFREY: Elin. Rev.. xvi. 213-223.
"A subject naturally attractive to a young Scottish poet. But
bis genius was utterly undramatic, and although it possesses some
fine passages it failed in commanding attention."-D. M. MOIR:
Sketches of the Port. Lit, of the Past Half-Century.
2. The Sabbath; a Poem. Anon., 1804, 8vo; 2d ed., with
Sabbath Walks, 1805, 12mo. 3 eds. same year.
"The greater part of it is written in a heavy and inelegant man-
ner.... It contains a good deal of doctrine and argumentation,
Indeed, both in the text and in the notes: but nothing that is not
either very trite or very shallow and extravagant. . . . The whole
publication, indeed, though not entitled to stand in the first rank
of poetical excellence. is respectably executed, and may be consi-
dered as very creditable, either to a beginner, or to one who does
not look upon poetry as his primary vocation."-LORD JEFFREY:
Edin. Rev., v. 437–442.
"While the criticasters of his own country were pronouncing
sentence of condemnation upon it, for its pious dulness and in-
anity, the Sabbath had found its way from one end of Great Britain
to the other."-ROBERT SOUTHEY: Lon. Quar. Rev.. iii. 456–461.
"The poem of the Sabbath will long endear the name of James
Grahame to all who love the due observance of Sunday and are
acquainted with the devout thoughts and poetic feeling which it
inspires."—ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: ubi supra.
"His Sabbath Walks. Biblical Pictures, and Rural Calendar, aro
all alike remarkable for accuracy of description, and an original
turn of thought."—ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: ubi supro.
"}
3. Biblical Picture Lord Byron styles this and the
preceding work "two volumes of cant, by sepulchral Gra-
hame.' The world would not have been the loser if his
lordship had favoured us with some of the same kind of
"cant" in lieu of his Don Juan and productions of a
similar character.
4. Birds of Scotland, and other Poems, 1806, cr. Svo and
12mo.
6. British Georgics, 1809, 4to.
"In The British Georgies, the last and most ambitious of Gra-
hame's productions, we have disappointment, less from the falling
off in power than from the unhappy selection of subject... . At
all events, we know that the British agriculturist neglects James
Grahame's Georgies for Henry Stephens's Book of the Farm."-
D. M. MOIR: Poët. Lit. of the Pust Half-Century.
A
“Grahame's Birds of Scotland is a delightful poem; yet its best
passages are not superior to some of Clare's about the same charm
Ing creatures-and they are.both ornithologists after Audubon's
and our own heart."-PROF. JOHN WILSON: Recreations of Christo
pher North: An Hour's Talk about Poetry.
Ci
The Birds of Scotland is a fine series of pictures, giving the
form, the plumage, the haunts and habits of each individual bird,
with a graphic fidelity rivalling the labours of Wilson."-ALLAN
CUNNINGHAM: ubi supra.
"The work by which Mr. Grahame is already known to the pub-
lic [The Sabbath] is distinguished by the abundance of faithful
"It does not exhibit any particular system of husbandry; it
amuses rather than instructs, and recommends the study of the
science rather than teaching of it. The work embraces a mixed
description, and is lavish on rural modes and manners; the poetry
is both lame and tame, and never rises beyond a feebleness of con-
ception, and a descriptive halt. The portion of practical knowledge
is very minute, with incidental notices of new introductions."
Donaldson's Agricull. Biog.
"If the poet has failed in his present attempt, the fault lies
chiefly in the subject. There are the same marks of a pious mind,
of amiable feelings, and of accurate observation of natural objects,
as in his former works; but unhappily he has bound himself not
merely to describe the operations of agriculture throughout the
year. from January to December. but to give directions for them;
for drying manure and lime. preparing compost, spreading manure
ploughing, paring, and burning, &c. What can be done with such
subjects?"-Lon. Quur. Rev., iii. 456-461.
7. Poems on the Abolition of the Slave Trade, with en-
gravings from pictures by Smirke, 1810, 4to.
Few poets have been more highly commended by emi-
nent authorities than the author of the Sabbath:
"The genius of Grahame . . . is characterized by that cheerful-
ness which seeks and sees beauty in all the aspects of creation,
and finds delight in whatever is high. holy. pure. and of good
report. This must be felt by every one capable of dissociating
fanaticism from true religion and of believing that Christianity
and gloom, instead of being synonymous terms. are utterly irre-
concilable and separated."-D. M. Morn: ubi supra.
“There is a quiet natural ease about all his descriptions; a light
and shade both of landscape and character in all his pictures, and
a truth and beauty which prove that he copied from his own emo-
tions, and painted with the aid of his own eyes. without looking,
as Dryden said, through the spectacles of books."-ALLAN CUN
NINGHAM: ubi supra.
"His taste was singular, and his manner correspondent. The
general tenour of his style is homely, and frequently so prosaic
that its peculiar graces appear in their full lustre from the con-
trast of meanness that surrounds them. His readers may be few;
but whoever does read him will probably be oftener surprised into
admiration than in the perusal of any one of his contemporaries.
The most lively, the most lovely sketches of natural scenery, of
minute imagery, and of exquisite incident. unexpectedly developed,
occur in his compositions, with ever-varying yet ever-assimilating
features."-JAMES MONTGOMERY: Lects, on Genl. Lit., Poet., dc.
"Such glory, Grahame! thine: Thou didst despise
To win the ear of this degenerate age
By gorgeous epithets, all idly heap'd
On theme of earthly state. or. idler still,
By tinkling measures and unchasten'd lays,
Warbled to pleasure and her siren-train,
Profaning the best name of poesy.
With loftier aspirations, and an aim
More worthy man's immortal nature. Thou
That holiest spirit that still loves to dwell
In the upright heart and pure, at noon cf night
Didst fervently invoke, and, led by her
Above the Aonian mount, send from the turs
Of heaven such soul-subduing melody
As Bethlehem shepherds heard when Christ was born."
JOHN WILSON.
Grahame, James. A Defence of the Usury Laws
against the Arguments of Mr. Bentham and the Edinburgh
Reviewers, Edin., 1817, 8vo.
Grahame, James, pub. An Inquiry into the Prin-
ciples of Population, Edin., 1816, 8vo; Who is to Blame?
or, Cursory Review of the American Apology for Ame-
rican Accession to Negro Slavery, Lon., 1842, 8vo; and
some Poems on the Abolition of Slavery; but is hest
known by The History of the Rise and Progress of the
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GRA
GRA
United States of North America till the British Revo- |
lution in 1688, Lon., 1827, 2 vols. 8vo. New ed, with a
Continuation, bringing the history down to the year 1776,
1836, 4 vols. 8vo. Repub. in Phila., 1845, 4 vols. 8vo;
1846, 2 vols. 8vo; 1848, 2 vols. Svo. The 2d Amer. ed.
contains a Memoir by President Quincy, to which we
refer the reader. See also The Memory of the late
James Grahame, the Historian of the United States, Vin-
dicated from the Charges of Mr. Bancroft, by Josiah
Quincy, Bost., 1846, 8vo.
“There can be no doubt that his researches after materials for
his purpose have been extensive, and that his use of authorities
has been laborious and careful. And his style. though sus-
ceptible of improvement, is in general clear. simple, and there-
fore agreeable. Its chief deficiency is in force: but it requires only
a little more cultivation and revision to ensure for it the praise
of perfect correctness and even elegance. The few marks of bad
taste and defective judgment which Mr. Grahame has betrayed
call rather for friendly admonition than severe censure."-Lon.
Month. Rev.. cxii. 407-419, 1827.
"A valuable acquisition to the Ilistory of the World. In these
volumes Mr. Grahame has philosophically investigated the origin
and progress of one of the most extraordinary revolutions that
have ever occupied the attention of mankind."-Lon. Literary
Guzelle.
“With an apparent desire to be above prejudice. with industry
equal to a thorough investigation of facts, and with a spirit able
to appreciate the value of his subject, Mr. Grahame has published
what we conceive to be the best book that has anywhere appeared
upon the early history of the United States. He has corrected,
with a proper boldness. the mistakes. whether of ignorance or ma-
lignity, which his predecessors in the same labors had committed."
-C. F. ADAMS: N. Amer. Rev., xxxii. 174–195, 1831.
"It is written with great gravity and dignity, moderation and
justice."-CHANCELLOR KENT.
Yet this excellent work was suffered to lie on the book
sellers' shelves in London: the reasons for which are satis-
factorily stated by Mr. Adams and Mr. Prescott. We
must not omit to call the attention of the reader to Mr.
Grahame's amusing lamentations over the humour of the
illustrious Chronicler of Knickerbocker:
"If this writer had confined his ridicule to the wars, or rather
bloodless buffetings and squabbles, of the Dutch and the Swedes,
his readers would have derived more unreproved enjoyment from
his performance. Probably my discernment of the unsuitableness
of Mr. Irving's mirth is quickened by a sense of personal wrong,
as I cannot help feeling that he has by anticipation ridiculed my
topic and parodied my narrative. If Sancho Panza had been a
real governor, misrepresented by the wit of Cervantes, his future
historian would have found it no easy matter to bespeak a grave
attention to the annals of his administration."
Grahame, Simeon. 1. The Passionate Sparke of a
Relenting Minde, Lon., 1604, 4to. This is a collection of
poems. Lloyd, 527, £9 12s. 2. The Anatomie of Humours,
Edin., 1609, 4to. Gordonstoun, 1058, £ 14s. 6d. Reed,
2170, £2 78. Bindley, pt. 2, 1448, £7 178. 6d. This con-
sists of prose intermixed with verse. It is thought that
it suggested to Burton the first idea of his Anatomie of
Melancholic.
Graile, Edmund. Little Timothy's Lesson; or, The
Hist. of the Bible in metre, Lon.. 1611, Svo.
Graile, John. 1. Doctrine of Conditions in the Cove-
nant of Grace against W. Eyre. With Preface by Count
Jessop in vindic. of Dr. Twisse, Lon., 1665, 4to. 2. Sacra
Privata, 2 pts., 1699, Svo.
Graile, John, of Blickling. Serms., 1685, 1720.
Grainger, Edward. Med. and Surg. Remarks, &c.,
Lon., 1815, Svo.
could be found; but what poetical fancy can dwell on the economy
of canes and copper-boilers, or find interest in the transactions of
planters and sugar-brokers? His invocations to his muse are so
frequent and abrupt. that the assembled wits at Sir Joshua Rey
nolds's might have found many passages as ludicrous as that
which excited their mirth.'"
Grainger, James, M.D., 1723?-1767, a native of
Dunse, served for some time as a surgeon in the army in
Scotland and Germany; afterwards practised as a phy-
sician, first in London, and subsequently at St. Christo-
pher's, in the West Indies. He died in the latter place
in 1767. 1. Historia Febris Anomalæ Batavæ, annorum
1746-47-48, &c., Edin., 1753, Svo. 2. Poet. Trans. of the
Elegies of Tibullus and of the Poems of Sulpicia, Lon.,
1758, 2 vols. 12mo. Severely criticized by Smollett in the
Critical Review. This criticism elicited-3. A Letter to
Smollett, 1759, Svo. 4. The Sugar-Caue; a Poem in 10
Books, with Notes, 1764, 4to. This subject was not the
best that could have been selected for poetical treatment,
and the language is not always of the most elevated
description:
The "ludicrous passage" referred to is quoted in the
following anecdote, which we find in Boswell's Life of
Johnson:
"The most thorough work. and incomparably the best on the
subject previous to the appearance of Mr. Bancroft's. is the well-
known history by Mr. Grahame, a truly valuable book, in which
the author. though a foreigner, has shown himself capable of
appreciating the motives and comprehending the institutions of
our Puritan ancestors. He has spared no pains in the investiga-
tion of such original sources as were at his command; and has
conducted his inquiries with much candor, manifesting through-prefixed
out the spirit of a scholar and a gentleman.”—WM. II. PRESCOTT : N.
Amer. Rev.. lii. 83-84, 1841. See also Ferdinand and Isabella, 11th
ed., vol. ii. 497, n.
#
Having talked of Grainger's Sugar-Cane, I mentioned to him
Mr. Langton's having told me that this poem, when read in manu-
script at Sir Joshua Reynolds's, had made all the assembled wits
burst into a laugh when, after much blank verse pomp, the port
began a new paragraph thus:
Now. Muse,. let's sing of rats.'
And what increased the ridicule was, that one of the company,
originally mice, and had been altered to rots, as more dignified.”
who slyly overlooked the reader, perceived that the word had been
But this story requires an explanation, for which the
reader is referred to Boswell. Miss Reynolds gives rather
a different version, and tells us that when Johnson heard
the poem read, and the author came to the line
Say, shall I sing of rats?"
"No!" cried Dr. Johnson, with great vehemency.
Boswell remarks:
*
"Dr. Johnson said to me, 'Percy, Sir. was angry with me for
laughing at the Sugar-Cane: for he had a mind to make a great
thing of Grainger's rats.'"
The objectionable line was altered. Dr. Johnson cer-
tainly liked the poem, on the whole, and sent a favourable
review of it to the London Chronicle of July 5, 1764. We
quote some other opinions:
.
The novelty of West Indian scenery inspired him with the
unpromising subject of the Sugar-cane, in which he very poetically
dignifies the poor negroes with the name of swains."-Campbell's
Essay on English Poetry.
1
"If Grainger has invoked the muse to sing of rats, and meta-
morphosed in Arcadian phrase negro slaves into swains, the fault
is in the writer, not in the lyric. The arguments which he has
are indeed ludicrously flat and forinal.”—ROBERT SOUTHEY:
Lon. Quar. Rev., xi. 489, q. V.
And see also Johnson and Chalmers's Poets, 1810; Chal-
mers's Biog. Dict.
The Great Cham of Literature was also greatly delighted
with Grainger's Ode on Solitude, which appeared in Ďods-
ley's Collection:
When repeating to me one day Grainger's Ode on Solitude,
I shall never forget the concordance of the sound of his voice with
the grandeur of these images; nor, indeed. the Gothic dignity of
his aspect. his look and manner, when repeating sublime passages."
MISS REYNOLDS.
"He praised Grainger's Ode on Solitude in Dodsley's Collection,
and repeated. with great energy, the exordium, observing,
This. Sir, is very noble.'”—BOSWELL.
"In it (the Ode) are assembled some of the sublimest images in
nature.”—Bishop PERCY.
•
•
5. West India Diseases, 1764, Svo. 6. Dysentery; in
Ess. Phys. and Lit., 1756. Dr. Grainger was also the
author of many contributions to the Monthly Review and
the Grand Magazine, and of other productions, for an ac-
count of which, and for an interesting biography of the
author, we must refer the reader to Nichols's Illustrations
of Literary History, vol. vii. In this vol. will also be
Bishop Percy, who commends him in no measured terms:
found the correspondence of Grainger with his friend
"He was not only a man of genius and learning, but had many
excellent virtues, being one of the most generous, friendly, and
benevolent men I ever knew."
Grainger, T. B. See Kennedy, L.
Granan, Edward. Trans. into English verse of
Vida's Christind, Lon., 1772, Svo.
Grand, Wm. A Letter to the Vice-Chancellor of the
Univ. of Cambridge, 1798.
Grandi, S. Method of preparing pannels for Painters;
Nic. Jour., 1807.
Grange, Lady. Epistle to Edward D., Lon., 1798, 4to.
Grange, John. The Golden Aphroditis: whereunto
be annexed his garden, Lon., 1577, 4to. Again, sine anno,
4to. Part verse, part prose.
"Of John Grange I have not met with any biographical intima
tion: but as a poetical writer he is placed by Webbe with Whet
stone. Munday, &c.. and not without propriety.”—Censura Lite-
raria, ed. 1815, i. 378-386, where see copious extracts; see also
Webbe's Discourse of Euglish Poetrie, 1586; Ritson's Bibl. Poet.,
223.224.
Granger, Gideon, 1767-1822, a native of Suffield,
Connec., a member of the Senate of New York, and
Postmaster-General of the U. States 1801-14, pub. some
essays, under the signature
essays, under the signature of Senectus, on the school-
fund; and a number of papers in 1809 (signed Algernon
Sidney) and in 1820 (signed Epaminondas) in favour of
the administrations respectively of President Jefferson
and of Governor Clinton of New York.
Granger, James, d. 1776, aged about 60, was
"In he West Indies this poem might have charms, if readers | educated at Christ Church, Oxford, and became Vicar
717
GRA
GRA
of Shiplake, in Oxfordshire.
|
He pub. two serms., 1772,
'73, but is best known by his Biographical Hist. of
England, from Egbert the Great to the Revolution, con-
sisting of Characters dispersed in different Classes, and
adapted to a Methodical Catalogue of Engraved British
Heads. Intended as an Essay towards reducing our Bio-
graphy to system, and a help to the knowledge of Por-
traits; with a variety of Anecdotes and Memoirs of a great
number of persons, not to be found in any other Biogra-
phical Work. With a Preface, showing the utility of a
collection of Engraved Portraits to supply the defect, and
answer the various purposes of Medals, Lon., 1769, 2 vols.
4to. Supplet., consisting of Corrections, large Additions,
&c., 1774, 4to; 2d ed., with addits. and improvements,
1775, 4 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 4 vols. Svo; 4th ed., 1804, 4 vols.
Svo; 5th ed. with upwards of 400 addit. Lives, 1824, 6 vols.
8vo. The impressions of Granger's Ilist., pub. by Baynes,
are in 6 vols. Svo, £3 38.; with Plates, £S 88.; 6 vols. r.
Sro, £4 108.; with Plates, £12 128.; 3 vols. fol., £18;
with Plates, India, £31 108. To Granger's History the
collector must add-I. Rev. Mark Noble's continuation
of Granger's History:-from the Revolution to the end
of George I.'s Reign. The Materials being supplied by
the Manuscripts left by Mr. Granger and the Collections
of the Editor, 1806, 3 vols. Svo. II. A Collection of Eng-
lish Portraits, (310 in number,) engraved from rare Prints
or Original Pictures, Svo, pub. by Richardson. The late
impressions are inferior. Bindley, Pt. 3, 1572, 72 Nos.
£6 16s. 6d. III. Copies of Rare Granger Portraits, in-
cluding some to Noble's Supplement, 1820-22, Svo, pub.
by T. & H. Rodd, in Nos. at 68. each. Large paper, 4to,
78. 6d. each. Proofs in India paper, 128. each. If he
have an illustrated copy, he will not need the two pre-works,
IV. Letters between the Rev. James
ceding works.
Granger and many of the most eminent literary men of
his Time, &c., 1805, 8vo.
As Granger's passion for portraits has been but little
understood by some readers, it is but just to quote his
own words in his vindication :
"In every age and nation distinguished for arts and learning,
the inclination of transmitting the memory and even the features
of illustrious persons to posterity has uniformly prevailed. The
greatest poets, orators, and historians were contemporaries with
the most celebrated painters, statuaries, and engravers of gems
and medals; and the desire to be acquainted with a man's aspect
has ever risen in proportion to the known excellence of his cha-
racter and the admiration of his writings."
The publication of Granger's work excited an eager
competition for portraits, and unfortunately many of his
disciples carried their zeal to the highly-censurable ex-
treme of mutilating valuable works for the sake of the
portraits which they contained:
C
•
C
"Previously to the publication of the first edition of this work
in 1769, five shillings was considered a liberal price by collectors
for any English portrait; and the late Lord Oxford, Sir William
Musgrave, and Richard Bull, Esq., have declared to several per-
sons still living, that the most valuable prints in their Collections
were purchased by them at, or under, that sum. But on the ap
pearance of Mr. Granger's work, the rage to illustrate it with
portraits was so prevalent. that scarcely a copy of a book orna-
mented with portraits could be found in an unmutilated state; and
books of this description rose in price to five times their original
value. Holland's 'Herologia,' Anderson's 'Genealogical History
of the House of Yvery,' Dugdale's Origines Juridicales.' Birch's
'Lives of Illustrious Persons,' Collins's History of the Noble
Houses of Vere and Cavendish.' Rapin's and Larrey's ' History of
England,' Smith's History of Virginia,' Clarke's and Lupton's
Lives of Eminent Divines,' Knight's Lives of Erasmus and
Dean Colet.' and all works of a similar description. have been
freely plundered for the sake of their attractive embellishments."
—Pref. to 5th ed. of Granger's Biog. Hist. of Eng.
ments, Lon., 1616, Svo. 2. Divine Logick, 1620, 4to. 3.
Granger, Thomas. 1. Expos. of the Ten Command-
Serm., 1620, Svo. 4. Expos. on Comment. on Ecclesiastes,
1621, 4to.
|
•
Rowe Mores, in his criticism upon Ames's Catalogue
of English Heads, is loud in his complaint of these muti-
lators often depredators:
"If this gout for prints and thieving continues, let private
owners and public libraries look well to their books, for there will
not remain a valuable book ungarbled by their connoisseuring
villany; for neither honesty nor oaths restrain them."
This is a tempting subject, but we must fly from it. We
have touched upon a branch of this illustrating mania in
our article on BAGFORD, Joux. The literary merit of
Granger's History is of a high order:
❤ú
Granger's Biographical History is full of curious anecdotes.
but might have been better doue; the dog is a Whig.”—DR.
JOHNSON.
"I have, since I saw you, read every word of Granger's Biogra-
phical History. It has entertained me exceedingly, and I do not
think him the Whig that you supposed."-Boswell to Dr. Johnson,
Aug. 30, 1776.
It is a curious fact that this remark, to "exceedingly,"
is generally quoted as Johnson's instead of Boswell's.
Even Wright, one of Boswell's commentators, commits
this serious error.
"I have no hesitation in designating it as a delightful and in-
structive book: but whoever republishes it should add the por
traits of the different characters which were unknown to the
author. Considering that Granger may be said to have first walked
the field alone. it is surprising what he has done. His catalogue
of engraved heads is immense. His style is always clear, pointed,
and lively and if he talked and preached as he wrote in his bio
graphical history, it would have been difficult to have withdrawn
attention from so intelligent a quarter.”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
See Noble's Continuation of Granger's Ilist.; Nichols's
Lit. Anec.; Chalmers's Biog. Dict., and authorities there
cited. Respecting Illustrated Copies of books, see Dib-
din's Bibliomania, ed. 1842, 500–511.
In our article on DIBDIN, THOMAS FROGNALL, we have
noticed a number of illustrated copies of several of his
works. Among the most splendid examples of illustrated
works are-1. The Shakspeare, containing more than 2300
prints, bound in 20 vols., sold at Hanrott's sale for £556
108. 2. The Shakspeare in the possession of Earl Spencer,
illustrated by Lady Lucan; the labour of sixteen years.
3. The
See Dibdin's Bibliomania, ed. 1842, p. 498.
Bowyer Bible, in 45 folio vols., with more than 6000 prints,
valued at 3000 guineas; put up to raffle among 4000 sub-
scribers at a
scribers at a guinea each, and sold by the winner at
It
auction to Mr. Willis, of Covent Garden, for £405.
subsequently became the property of Mr. John Albinson,
of Bolton, and was sold at the sale of his library, March,
1856, to Mr. Robert Heywood, of Bolton, for £550. 4. The
copy of Clarendon's Rebellion, illustrated by Alexander
To add to the wealth of this copy, Mrs. Sutherland paid
Hendras Sutherland, at an expense of nearly £10,000.
eighty guineas for one plate, containing the portraits of
James I. and his Queen, Anne of Denmark, by Renold
Elstrake. 5. The copy of Lefevre's edit. of Voltaire's
1829-34, 90 vols. Svo; sold in Paris, in 1856, for
£223; estimated worth, £800. The illustration of the
works of this mischievous writer and bad man cost the
labour of twenty years; 12,000 engravings, of which
10,000 are portraits, are inserted. Of Granger's own
work, we observe that Mr. Joseph Lilly and Mr. George
Willis, of London, have each on hand at this moment
(1856) a magnificent illustrated copy.
Mr. Lilly's copy
(which includes Noble's continuation) is illustrated by
more than 1300 portraits, bound in 27 vols. imp. 4to,
price £42. Mr. Willis's copy contains more than 3000
portraits, bound in 19 vols. fol., price £38 108. It cost
the former owner nearly £200. But we cannot regard a
volume of this character without pain, not that we love
portraits less, but books more: and how many noble tomes
have been pillaged to add to the ill-gotten gains of "IL-
LUSTRATED COPIES!"
Granger, Joseph. Agricult. of the County of Dur-
ham, &c., Lon., 1794, 4to, pp. 74.
"At the time of its publication reckoned a good performance.
Mr. Granger wrote very truly on the subject.”—Donaldson's Agri-
cult. Biog.
Granger, T. C. 1. Collec. of Statutes: see EVANS,
WM. DAVID. 2. Sir T. E. Tomlin's Law Dictionary, 4th
ed., 1835, 2 vols. 4to. 3. H. Roscoe's Law of Evid. in
Crim. Cases, 3d ed.. 1846, r. 12mo. 4. In conjunction
with J. Manning, Cases in Ct. of C. Pleas, 1840-44,
7 vols. r. Svo, 1841-46. In conjunction with J. Manning
and J. Scott, Common Bench Reports, 1845-51, S vols.
r. Svo. Regularly continued.
Grant. Serms., 1780, 6 vols. 12mo.
Grant, Mrs., of Croydon. 1. Sketches of Life and
Manners, 12mo. 2. Tales founded on Facts, 12mo.
(
There are Four Tales in this little volume-viz. Ellen-Glencoe
-the Captive-and the Author. They are naturally and pleasingly
written, without much effort at style, and what we might find to
censure on the score of carelessness in some parts is amply com-
pensated by the sound moral of the whole. which recommends the
book as exceedingly proper for youth.”—Lon. Literary Gazelle.
Grant, A. Modern Attorney; 2d ed., Lon., 1795, Svo.
Grant, Alex. Use of Opium, Lon., 1785.
Grant, Alex., D.D. Serms., Dundee, 1800-05, 3 vols.
Svo; 1806, 3 vols. 8vo.
The Ethics of Aristotle,
Grant, Andrew, M.D. Hist. of Brazil, Lon., 1809-
10, 8vo.
Grant, Sir Alexander.
Lon., 1857-5S, 2 vols. 8vo.
Grant, Mrs. Anne, 1755-1838, known as Mrs. Grant
of Laggan, was a native of Glasgow, and the daughter of
Duncan MacVicar, an officer in the British army. The
latter was ordered to America in 1757, and was followed
by his wife and child in the next year. When about eight
years of age she became acquainted with "Madame Schuy
718
GRA
GRA
!
ler," of Albany, the widow of Colonel Philip Schuyler,
and aunt to the distinguished general of that name, and
enjoyed the advantages of her society for the remaining
four years which she spent in America. The gratitude
of the child has been vividly recorded in the portrait of
Mrs. Schuyler, entitled Memoirs of an American Lady,
pub. in 1808.
"On the basis of her very youthful recollections, affected, with-
out doubt. by the fulaginations and prejudices of after-years, she
interest, as may appear by the references which we have made to
constructed this work at the age of fifty-two. It is not without
it; but no one will suppose that it can make much pretension to
accuracy."-ANDREWS NORTON: N. Amer. Rer., 1x. 146; where see
an account of Miss Lowell's remoustrances with Mrs. Grant respect-
ing the injustice charged upon the Memoirs of the latter.
Scotland. To which are added Translations from the
4. Essays on the Superstitions of the Highlanders of
Gaelic, and Letters connected with those formerly pub-
Gaelic, and Letters connected with those formerly
lished, 1811, 2 vols. 12mo.
"She has very great powers of description, both of character and
scenery-much force of conception. acuteness, and reach of mind
in reasoning-great occasional brightness, and perpetual activity
of fancy, and a fine enthusiasm for virtue, simplicity,—and the
Highlands.... Though it be difficult, however, to keep pace with
her enthusiasm in behalf of this singular race, we agree perfectly
in her censure of the incurious indifference with which they have
heen hitherto regarded by the very same philosophers who think
themselves well employed in collecting uncertain notices of far less
interesting and less accessible nations. . . . The Letters annexed to
these Essays are. like all Mrs. Grant's letters, lively, impressive,
and original; though sometimes in bad taste, and generally ver-
bose. For the benefit of those who have not seen her former col-
lection. we annex a few specimens. This, to be sure, is not ex-
actly the style of Madame du Deffand:-and yet there are very
many people who will like it quite as well. And even those who
would be nost scandalized at the comparison must confess, that
it indicates a far loftier, a far purer, and a far happier character,
than that of the witty lady with whose it may be contrasted."-
LORD JEFFREY: Elin. Rev.. xviii. 482-43. 507, 510.
In 1768, at the age of 13, Anne returned with her parents
to Scotland, and in 1779 was married to the Rev. James
Grant, minister of the parish of Laggan, Invernesshire,
who in 1801 left her a widow with eight children. After
the death of her husband she resided for some time on a
small farm near Laggan, subsequently in the vicinity of
Stirling, and in 1810 removed to Edinburgh, where she
remained until her death in 1838, at the age of 83. She
enjoyed the friendship of Bishop Porteus, Sir Walter Far-
quhar, Sir William Grant, and Sir Walter Scott, by whose
hand the memorial was drawn up which procured her a
pension of £100 from the year 1826 until her death.
1. The Highlanders, and other Poems, Edin., 1803, 8vo.
3000 copies subscribed for. Repub., 1804, 8vo.
<.
Her Poetry is really not very good; and the inost tedious, and
certainly the least poetical, volume which she has produced, is that
which contains her verses. The longest piece.-which she has
entitled The Highlanders,-is heavy and uninteresting: and there
is a want of compression and finish-a sort of loose. rambling, and
indigested air-in most of the others. Yet the whole collection is
enlivened with the sparklings of a prolific fancy, and displays great
command of language and facility of versification. When we write
our article upon unsuccessful poetry, we shall endeavour to explain
how these qualities may fail of success:-but in the mean time,
we think there is an elegy upon an humble friend. and an address
from a fountain, and two or three little pieces, which very fully
deserve it; and are written with great beauty, tenderness, and
delicacy."-LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Rev., xviii. 481-482.
|
Mrs. Grant in her Highlanders and other Poems respectably
assisted in sustaining the honours of the Scottish niuse.'-D. M.
MOIR: Sketches of the Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-Century.
2. Letters from the Mountains; being her Corresp. with
with
her Friends, 1773-1803, Lon., 1806; 6th ed., edited, with
Notes and Additions, by her son, J. P. Grant, 1845, 2 vols.
p. 8vo; 1845, 2 vols. 24mo; 7th ed., 1853, 3 vols. p. Svo.
"No person, I believe, was so astonished at their success as my-
self."-MRS. GRANT.
"Her Letters from the Mountains, notwithstanding the repulsive
affectation of the title, are among the most interesting collections
of real letters that have lately been given to the public; and, being
indebted for no part of their interest to the celebrity of the names
they contain or the importance of the events they narrate, afford,
in their success, a more honourable testimony of the talents of the
author. The great charm of the correspondence, indeed. is its per-
fect independence on artificial helps, and the air of fearlessness and
originality which it has consequently assumed."-LORD JEFFREY:
Edin. Rev., xviii. 480.
..
The engaging volatility of youth apparent in the early part of
the correspondence. and the good sense of more ripened years, are
here equally pleasing. The sentiments of the author when occu-
pying the various relative situations of a daughter, wife. mother,
and protégée, are truly praiseworthy; while the display of a warm
and lively imagination, correct and animated language, and strokes
of real genius, with which the letters abound, present still further
title to our approbation."-Lon. Monthly Review.
It is not surprising that Mrs. Grant is sometimes inac-
curate in her statements, and we observe in a work just
published the following criticism upon her account of the
Massacre of Glencoe:
I quote Mrs. Grant's authority only for what she herself heard
and saw. Her account of the massacre was written apparently
without the assistance of books, and is grossly incorrect. Indeed
she makes a mistake of two years as to the date.”—T. B. Macau-
lay's Hist. of Eng., vol. iv., 1856.
3. Memoirs of an American Lady; with Sketches of
Manners and Scenery in America, as they existed previous
to the Revolution, 1808, 2 vols. 12mo; 2d ed., 1809; N.
York, 1809. The "American Lady" is MRS. SCHUYLER,
(see ante;) but we have also the autobiography of the au-
thor's American life, and much other interesting matter.
6:
The Memoirs of an American Lady contains a very animated
picture of that sort of simple, tranquil. patriarchal life, which was
common within these hundred the central
of England; but of which we are rather inclined to think there is
no specimen left in the world;-and which is rendered more inte
resting in the present striking memorial, by the contrast of its
sober and regulated tenor with the wildness of a settlement in the
desert, and its combination with some peculiarities in the structure
of society derived from the adopted usages of Switzerland and Ger-
many."-LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Rev.. xviii. 482.
...
**
The character of the Lady, her way of keeping house on a large
scale, the state of the domestic slaves, the customs of the young
men of Albany, their practice of robbing one another in joke, &c.,
are novel and curious.”
5. Eighteen Hundred and Thirteen; a Poem, 1814, Svo.
6. Memoir and Correspondence of Mrs. Grant of Laggan,
1844, 3 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1845, 3 vols. p. Svo; 3d ed.,
1853, 2 vols. p. Svo. These vols. consist of a sketch of
Mrs. Grant's life, drawn up by herself, (in 1825, &c.,) to the
year 1806, and continued by her son, and of her letters
between 1803-when she left Laggan for Woodend-and
within a few months of her death in 1838. The following
commendations of these vols.-from authorities of widely
different character-are all for which we can find room:
Most of Mrs. Grant's letters are rich in moral sentiment, and
all are pre-eminent in refined social feeling. Her style of writing
is so pure, and her modes of thinking and expressing herself upon
every subject so true to nature, that no one of correct taste can
rise from the perusal of her letters without a consciousness of real
delight."-Lon. Evangelical Magazine.
Abounds in anecdotes of many celebrated persons, well fold,
novel, and full of interest. Mrs. Grant discovers an astounding
acuteness of intellect, a sagacity of discrimination, and, what is
better still, a fervour of religious feeling, rarely met with in any
collection of letters in the whole range of English literature."-
Court Journal.
This estimable lady was as great a favourite in the
social circle as she was with those who only knew her
through her enchanting volumes.
Dr. Munro gives a
graphic account of the pleasure which he experienced in
her company at an evening party in Edinburgh:
"Mrs. Grant is really a woman of great talents and acquire-
ments, and might, without offence to any one, talk upon any
subject she pleases. But I assure you any person who hopes to
meet with a blue stocking, in the ordinary sense of this term, in
this lady, will feel sadly disappointed. . . . The sound and rational
person would indeed atone for much more than all the blue stock-
enjoyment I derived from my conversation with this excellent
ing sisterhood have ever been able to inflict upon my patience."
Mr. De Quincey accidentally encountered Mrs. Grant
charms of the daughter of course were not lost upon the
and her beautiful daughter in a stage-coach, in 1808. The
enthusiastic temperament of the Opium-Eater; but the
conversation of the mother seems to have impressed him
more deeply. In a review of his life, written many years
later, he tells us, with much feeling:
"Her kindness to me was particularly flattering; and to this
day I retain the impression of the benignity which she—an esta-
blished wit. and just then receiving incense from all quarters-
showed in her manners to me-a person utterly unknown."-Lite-
rary Reminiscences.
Undoubtedly the writings of Mrs. Grant did much to
awaken that taste for Scotland and its scenery, its tradi-
tions and its superstitions, which was at once stimulated
and gratified by the poems, the novels, and the histories,
of the author of Waverley. Than his there can be no
higher commendation; and we are glad to be able to add
it to the many tributes which have been offered to the emi-
nent merits of Anne Grant of Laggan:
"Her writings, deservedly popular in her own country, derive
their success from the happy manner in which, addressing them-
selves to the national pride of the Scottish people, they breathe a
spirit at once of patriotism and of that candour which renders
patriotism unselfish and liberal. We have no hesitation in assert-
"Exceedingly instructive concerning the manners and customs
which prevailed in New York Colony at the close of the Eighteenthing our belief that Mrs. Grant's writings have produced a strong
Century."-WM. II. SEWARD, (late Governor of New York:) Preface and salutary effect upon her countrymen, who not only found re-
to Nat. Hist. of New York.
corded in them much of national history and antiquities which
would otherwise have been forgotten, but found them combined
with the soundest and the best lessons of virtue and morality.”
6
· A faithful narrative of the manner and modes of life of the
anti-revolutionary residents of Albany chiefly."-PRES. CHARLES
KING.
Such is a brief extract from the application to King
719
GRA
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George IV. for a pension to Mrs. Grant, written by Sir
Walter Scott, and signed by himself, Lord Jeffrey, Henry
Mackenzie, and other gentlemen. We have seen that it
was successful. In addition to the Memoirs above referred
to, the reader will find much of interest relating to this
excellent and accomplished woman in Mrs. Elwood's Lite-
rary Ladies of England, and in a biographical article in
N. Amer. Rev., Ix. 126-156, by Andrews Norton.
See also
Lon. Gent. Mag.; Fraser's Mag.; the Eclectic Review;
and Lockhart's Life of Scott.
Grant, Anthony, D.C.L., Archdeacon of St. Alban's.
The Past and Prospective Extension of the Gospel by
Missions to the Heathen, considered in Eight Lects., at
the Bampton Lecture, Lon., 1844, 8vo.
Grant, Asahel, M.D., late Missionary to the Amer.
Board of For. Missions. The Nestorians; or, The Lost
Tribes containing evidence of their identity, illustrations
of Scripture, Prophecy, &c.. Lon., 1841, Svo; 3d ed., 1844.
Curious information.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
"An important accession to our stores of geographical know-
ledge; and we hope it will receive, what it richly deserves, an ex-
tensive circulation and an attentive perusal."-Ch. of Eng. Quar.
Rev.
“Much curious and interesting information.”—Lon. Athenæum.
Also highly commended by the Church and State Ga-
zette, The British Quarterly, and other leading reviews.
The reader must also procure Rev. A. C. Lathrop's Me-
moir of Dr..Grant, pub. in N. York, and Rev. Thos. Lau-
rie's (surviving associate of the Mission) account of Dr.
Grant and the Mountain Nestorians, Bost., 1853, 12mo;
3d ed., revised, 1856, 12mo. The map in this work of the
Nestorian country we presume to be the most correct in
existence.
Grant, Charles. Serm., Lon., 1795, 4to.
Grant, Charles, Viscount de Vaux. 1. Memoires de
la Maison de Grant, Lon., 1796. 8vo. 2. The Hist. of Mau-
ritius, or the Isle of France, 1801, 4to.
This work is drawn principally from the memoirs of Baron
Grant, by his son. The Baron resided nearly twenty years in the
island: hence, and from his acquaintance with most of the sci-
entific and nautical men who visited the island. he has been
enabled to collect much information connected with its physical
state. its harbours, climate, soil, productions, and the manners of
its inhabitants."-Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
Other publications.
Grant, Charles. A Poem on the Restoration of
Learning in the East, Camb., 1805, 4to. This obtained
Mr. Buchanan's prize.
|
Grant, Charles, 1746-1823, an East Indian proprie-
tor and director, noted for his zeal in the furtherance of
Christianity and education in India. Observations on the
State of Society among the Asiatic subjects of Great Bri-
tain. Printed by the House of Commons in 1813.
Grant, D. Serins., &c., Lon., 1771-86.
Grant, David, M.D. Med. &c. works, 1801, '05, '07,
all Svo.
2. Practice in Chancery; 5th ed., 1845, 2 vols. 12mo.
"A very useful manual to the Equity practitioner."- Warren's
Law Stu., 928.
3. Ques. and Answers on above, 1839, 12mo.
Grant, J., M.D. Yellow Fever, Lon., 1805, 8vo.
Grant, James. Serms., 1775, 77, both 8vo.
Grant, James, of Corrimony. 1. Essays on the Ori-
gin of Society, Language, &c., Lon., 1785, 4to. 2. Thoughts
on the Origin and Descent of the Gael, 1813, Svo. Edin.,
1814, 3vo.
Grant, James.
Duty of
Highly
An Enquiry into the Nature of Zo-
mindary Tenures in the Landed Property of Bengal, &c.,
Lon., 1790, 91, 4to.
(C
Against the proprietary rights of the Zemindars.”—McCulloch's
Lit. of Polit. Econ.
Grant, James, R. N. Voyage in the Lady Nelson,
Lon., 1803, 4to. Prefixed is an Account of the Origin of
Sliding Keels and their advantages.
Grant, James, editor of the London Morning Adver
tiser, b. in Scotland about 1806, has pub. a number of in-
structive and popular works, of which the following are
among the best known:-1. Random Recollec. of the
House of Lords, 1830-36, Lon., 1836, p. Svo. 2. Of the
House of Commons, 1836, p. Svo. 3. The British Senate
in 1838; a 2d Series of Nos. 1 and 2, 1838, 2 vols.
vols. p. 8vo.
"The extraordinary success of the Random Recollections of the
Lords and Commons has naturally enough led to this publication,
which is executed with equal ability.”—Lon. Athenæum,
4. The Great Metropolis, 1836, 2 vols. p. Svo.
sive. No strength; no dignity; no grace; no refinement. In a
"There is a coarseness and vulgarity in its style which is repul
word, the book has very bad manners.”—II. W. LONGFELLOW: Ñ.
A. Rev., xliv. 461-484, q. v.
8vo.
5. The Great Metropolis; 2d Series, 1837, 2 vols. p.
"The author displays so much shrewdness, natural humour,
and such a vein of good-natured caricature, that we hope soon to
meet with him again.”—Edin. Rev,
6. The Bench and the Bar, 1837, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
"In these volumes, as in a mirror, the reader may obtain a
glance at the leading legal luminaries of the day."-Lom. Sun.
7. Travels in Town, 1839, 2 vols. p. Svo. S. Sketches
in London, 1838, Svo.
Grant, David. Beauties of Modern English Poetry;
Beauties of Modern English Poetry;
3d ed., Lon., 1848, 12mo; 5th ed., enlarged.
"A book of much utility."-Moore's Life of Byron.
Grant, Duncan, minister of Forbes. The
the Young to Love and Seek Christ, Edin., 32mo.
commended.
Į
Grant, or Graunt, Edward, D.D., d. 1601, eminent
for his learning, was educated at Westminster School and
at Christ Church, or at Broadgates Hall, Oxf.; Master of
Westminster School, 1572-91; Preb. of Ely, 1589. 1. Græca
Linguæ Spicilegium, Lon., 1575, 4to. Epitomized by his
usher and successor, William Camden, under the title of
Institutio Græca Grammatices Compendiara, in usum Re-
gia Scholæ Westmonasteriensis, 1597, 8vo. See CAMDEN,
See CAMDEN,
WILLIAM.
"Reprinted about one hundred times since." See Biog. Brit.,
2254.
2. Letters and Poems of Roger Ascham, with Oratio, &c.,
-a piece of his own,-1577, 8vo. 3. Lexicon Græco. Lati-
num, Jo. Crispini Opera, &c., opera et studio, E. G.,•(Ed-
ward Graham,) 1581, fol. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
"The most noted Latiuist and Grecian of his time. . . . Esteemed
a most noted Latin poet, as several of his copies of verses, printed
in various books, shew, and was well skill'd in all kind of bumane |
literature."-Athen. Oxon., q. v. See also Biog. Brit.; Tanner;
Bentham's Ely.
Grant, Francis, Lord Cullen, b. about 1660, d. 1726,
an eminent Scotch lawyer and judge under Queen Anne.
1. The Loyalist's Reasons, &c., Edin., 1689, 8vo. 2. Law,
Religion, and Education considered, in three Essays,
1715, 8vo. 3. A Key to the Plot, by Reflections on the
Rebellion of 1715, 1716, 8vo.
|
Grant, Harding. 1.Advice to Trustees, Lon., 1830,8vo.
"A useful little work, mainly designed for unprofessional
readers." See 2 Leg. Obs., 198.
"Many people wonder at the love of London.-Why so? It is
certainly the best summer residence-none other is so cool. The
best abode in winter-for none other is so warm. The rich prefer
it for containing every luxury; and the poor-where can money
be made to go so far?”—SIR F. B. HEAD.
9. The Metropolitan Pulpit; or, Sketches of the most
Popular Preachers in London, 1839, 2 vols. p. 8vo. The
following are the principal preachers noticed in these
agreeable volumes :-The late Rev. Dr. Waugh, the late
Rev. Matthew Wilks, the late Rev. Wm. Howels, the late
Rev. Rowland Hill, the late Rev. Edward Irving, the Rev.
Thomas Snow, the Rev. John T. Robinson, the Rev. Dr.
Croly, the Rev. J. F. Denham, the Rev. Kobart M. Sey.
bins, the Rev. Dr. Dillon, the Rev. H. Beamish, the Rev.
the Rev. Watts Wilkinson, the Rev. Sanderson Ro
Henry Melville, the Rev. J. T. Judkin, the Hon. and Rev.
Baptist Noel, the Rev. Thomas Mortimer, the Rev. J.
Hambleton, the Rev. Dr. Brown, the Rev. Jno. Cumming,
the Rev. Dr. Crombie, the Rev. R. Redpath, the Rev.
Thomas Archer, the Rev. John Young, the Rev. Alexander
Fletcher, the Rev. Dr. Morrison, the Rev. Dr. Leifchild,
the Rev. Dr. Collyer, the Rev. John Burnet, the Rev. Caleb
Morris, the Rev. James Sherman, the Rev. Dr. Bennett,
the Rev. Jno. Clayton, the Rev. Thomas Binney, the Rev.
Jno. Blackburn, the Rev. Dr. Andrew Reed, the Rev. Dr.
Fletcher, the Rev. Jno. Stevens, the Rev. C. Coomb, the
Rev. Wm. Overbury, the Rev. J. Harrington Evans, the
Rev. Edw. Steane, the Rev. C. Stovel, the Rev. J. Howard
Hinton, the Rev. Dr. F. A. Cox, the Rev. Dr. Jabez Bunt-
ing, the Rev. Thomas Jackson, the Rev. Robt. Aitkin, the
Rev. J. Abrahams, and the Rev. J. Dorman.
"We think that Mr. Grant has surpassed any of his former
efforts, as respects his style, care, and industry, in the getting up
of these sketches. There is every where manifested the most sim
cere desire to be accurate and just; or, if there be a leaning, it is
never but to the favourable side. Above all, the reader cannot
fail to perceive and fall in with the earnest sentiments of the
author and the strain of piety which pervades the entire work."
Lon. Month. Rev.
Grant, James, of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-
Law. Law of Corporations in General, Lon., 1850, r. 8vo.
The best treatise on Corporation Law."-Lom. Law Rev.
"We think the arrangement happy. Another feature in Mr.
Grant's book is the honesty with which it has been compiled."-
Lon. Low Mog.
+6
Vast research and diligence are displayed in the execution."-
Lon. Times.
Grant, James, R. A., b. 1822, at Edinburgh, a son
of Capt. John Grant, has gained considerable celebrity
by a number of popular works. 1. The Romance of
War, or Highlanders in Spain, vols. i., ii., iii., p. 8vo, 1846;
720
GRA
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1
"ol. iv., 1847, p. 8vo; 2d ed., 1848, 4 vols. in 2. 2. Adven-
tures of an Aide-de-Camp, 1848, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 3. Me-
moirs of Sir Wm. Kirkaldy of Grange, 1849, p. 8vo.
"It is very seldom indeed that we find history so written,-in
a style at once vigorous, perspicuous, and picturesque. -Black-
wood's Mug.
4. Walter Fenton; or, The Scottish Cavalier, 3 vols. p.
8vo. 5. Memorials of Edinburgh Castle; illustrated, 1850,
p. 8vo.
"Mr. Grant's very interesting history of the Castle of Edin-
burgh,—a work equally distinguished by research, accuracy, and
pictorial interest."-Sir Archibald Alison's Essays.
6. Bothwell; or, the Days of Mary Queen of Scots,
1851, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 7. Memoirs of Sir John Hepburu,
1851, p. 8vo. 8. Jane Seton, 1853, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 9. Philip
Rollo, 1854, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Cheap eds. of several of these
works have been pub. Of that of Bothwell, 10,000 copies
were sold in a month. Mr. G. has been a contributor to
the Dublin Univ. Mag. and to Tait's Mag. See Men of
the Time, Lon., 1856.
Grant, James M., of Lincoln's Inn. Custom's Fal-
lacy; a Dram. Sketch, 1805, 8vo.
Grant, Jeremiah. His Peregrinations, Lon., 1763,
12mo.
Grant, John, Preb.of Roches. Serms., Lon.,1707, 4to.
Grant, John. Institutes of Latin Grammar, Lon.,
1808, Svo.
"These Institutes display considerable ability, great diligence,
and philosophical insight into the structure of language."-Lon.
Month. Rev.
Mr. G. also pub. an Eng. Gram., Serms., &c., 1811-15.
Grant, John. Sierra Leone, 1810, Svo.
Grant, John Peter. 1. Ct. of Session in Scot., Lon.,
1807, Svo. 2. Wealth and Currency, 1812, Svo. 3. Speech,
1817. 4. Law rel. to New Trials, 1817, Svo.
Grant, Johnson, 1773-1845, a native of Edinburgh;
Rector of Binbrook, 1818; Minister of Kentish Town
Chapel, 1822. He pub. several theolog. and poetical
works, among which are-1. A Summary of the Hist. of
the Eng. Church, and the Sects which have departed from
her communion, with answers to each dissenting body,
&c., Lon., 1811, '14, 20, 25, 4 vols. 8vo. 2. Arabia a
Poem, with Notes, Leeds, 1815, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. XXXIV.
Serms., 1835, 8vo.
:
·
These sermons are well suited to the closet, and are good spe-
cimens of composition."-Lon. Chris. Rememb.
4. The Joshuad; a Poem, Lon., 1837, Sro. Anon.; not
pub. 5. Sketches in Divinity, 1840, 8vo.
Grant, Klein, M.D. 1. Hooper's Medical Dictionary,
8th ed. revised, corrected, and improved by K. G., Lon.,
1839, 8vo; 1848, Svo.
6.
Compared with the early editions, it may, from the great in-
crease of matter, be regarded as a new work. Dr. Grant has suc-
ceeded in preserving the plan of the late Dr. Hooper, and at the
same time in giving to his labours that extension of detail which
the recent progress of medicine had rendered necessary....
¦
This
edition will be found more extensively useful than any of those
which preceded it."-Lon. Med. Gazelle.
2. Memoirs of the late James Hope, M.D., by Mrs.
Hope. With addit. matter by Dr. Hope and Dr. Burder;
the whole edited by K. G.; 3d ed., 1844, p. Svo; 4th ed.,
p. Svo.
"We warmly recommend this volume to the reading public."-
Brit, and Fʊr. Mɛd. Rev.
Ninfa; a Tale, Lon., 1855,
Grant, Louisa Kerr.
p. Svo.
"The great merit of the book consists in bringing one idea for-
ward and filling the reader irresistibly with it; and this is the
unuatural union of two different characters and countries, and
the natural penalty that must ensue."-Fraser's Magazine.
Grant, P. Con. to Med. Com., 1786.
Grant, Patrick, 1698-1762, Lord Prestongrange, a
Scotch Judge, wrote some pieces against the Rebellion of
1745.
Grant, Patrick. Annotations on Lord Stair's In-
stitutions of the Law of Scot.. Edin., 1824, 4to.
Grant, Raymond James. Life of Thos. Dermody,
with Orig. Poetry, Lon., 1806, 2 vols. 8vo.
Grant, Robert. 1. Hist. of the E. India Comp. to
173, Lon., 1813, Svo. 2. Trade, &c. of India, 1813, Svo.
Grant, Robert, Vicar of Bradford-Abbas, &c. Six
Lects. on the Parable of the Prodigal Son, Lon., 1830, 12mo.
Grant, Robert, b. 1814, at Grantoun, Scotland. 1.
History of Physical Astronomy, Lon., 1852, Svo.
"Mr. Grant's book takes its place among standard works from
Its first appearance, by common consent."-Lon. Philosophical Mag.
"Seldom have we been called on to review a book more complete
than this. The amount of research displayed is evidence of the
most unwearying industry. The work will stand as one of the
great records of human progress; for most satisfactorily is
erers
phase of man's advance in the knowledge of the stars in their
ourses therein recorded."-Lon. Athenæum.
<
;
46
1
2. With Admiral W. H. Smyth, D.C.L., a trans. of Arago's
Popular Astronomy: vol. i., 1855. 3. With Admiral Smyth
and Rev. B. Powell, trans. of Arago's Eminent Men, 1857
Grant, Robert Edmund, M.D., b. at Edinburgh,
1793. Outlines of Comparative Anatomy, 1835, 8vo. Not
completed. Other profess. works. See Eng. Cyc., Biog.,
vol. iii., 1856.
Grant, Roger. Cure of a Man born Blind, 1709, 8vo.
Grant, Wm. Essay on the Balance of Europe. From
the French of Fénélon, Lon., 1720, 8vo.
Grant, Wm., M.D. Med. works, 1771-82.
Grantham, Henry. Trans. into English of S. Len-
tulo's Ital. Gram., written in Latin, Lon., 1575, 8vo;
1587, 16mo.
Grantham, Thomas. Marriage Serm., Lon., 1641,
'56, 4to; 1751, 8vo.
Grantham, Sir Thomas. 1. The Prisoner against
the Prelate, (1650,) 8vo. 2. Christianismus Primitivus,
Lon., 1678, fol. Other theolog. works, 1644–80.
Grantham, Thomas. I. Serm., 1674, 4to.
1. 2. Five
Discourses on Conjugal Duty, 1681, 4to; 1709, Svo.
Granville, Cardinal. Letters contayning sundry
Devises touching the state of Flanders and Portugal, Lon.,
1582, 8vo.
Granville, A. B., M.D., has gained considerable
reputation by his medical works and accounts of tours on
the continent. The following excellent production was
received with enthusiastic commendations: St. Peters-
burgh; a Journal of Travels to and from that Capital, 2d
ed., Lon., 1829, 2 vols. Svo.
6.
We do not hesitate to say that his Picture of Petersburgh
contains the most copious and detailed description of the gigantic
edifices of this extraordinary city which has hitherto been laid
before the public."-J. WILSON CROKER: Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxix.
1441. q. v.
We have many favourable notices before us of our au-
thor's Spas of England and Germany, treatise on Sudden
Death, &c., but lack space for their insertion.
Granville, Charles. Synopsis of the Troubles of
England during the last 1800 Years, 1747, 12mo.
Granville, Dennis. See GREENVILLE.
Granville, Greenville, or Grenville, George,
Viscount Lansdowne, 1667-1735, a son of Bernard Gran-
ville, was educated at Trin. Coll., Camb., where he dis-
played such extraordinary merit that he was created M.A.
at the age of thirteen. He subsequently wrote a number
of poems, dramatic pieces, some essays, and minor histo-
rical treatises. 1. The Gallants, C.. 1696, 4to. 2. Heroic
Love, T., 1698, 4to. 3. The Jew of Venice. C.. 1701, 4to.
4. Peleus and Thetis, M., 1701, 4to. 5. The British Enchan-
tress, D. P., 1706, 4to. 6. Once a Lover and always a
Lover, C., 1736, 12mo. 7. Poems on Several Occasions,
1712, Svo. S. A Letter from a Nobleman abroad to his
Friends in England, 1722. In Lord Somers's Collection.
9. Genuine Works, in verse and prose, 1732, 2 vols. 4to.
10. Letter to the Author of Reflections Historical and
ral Monk and Sir Richard Greenville, 1732, 4to.
Political, occasioned by a Treatise in vindication of Gene
..
His works do not show him to have had much comprehension
from nature or illumination from learning. He seems to have
had no ambition above the imitation of Waller, of whom he has
copied the faults, and very little more."-DR. SAML. JOHNSON: Life
of Granville.
"He imitated Waller; but, as that poet has been much excelled
since. a faint copy of a faint master must strike still less."-HORACE
WALPOLE: R. & N. Authors.
nobleman, for great authorities thus laud his muse:
Yet it seems that his lordship had poetry enough for a
"Auspicious poet, wert thou not my friend,
How could I envy what I must commend;
But since 'tis Nature's law in love and wit,
That youth should reign, and withering age submit,
With less regret these laurels I resign,
Which, dying on my brows, revive on thine."
Dryden to Lord Lansdowne on his “excellent tragedy,” Heroic Love.
"Tis yours, my lord, to bless our soft retreats,
And call the Muses to their ancient seats;
To paint anew the flow'ry sylvan scenes,
To crown the forests with immortal greens;
Make Windsor's hills in lofty numbers rise,
And lift her turrets nearer to the skies;
To sing those honours you deserve to wear,
And add new lustre to her silver star.”
Pope's Dedication of Windsor Forest to "Granville the Polite."
Dr. Joseph Warton cites several of his lordship's trea-
tises to prove that his prose style was far better than that
of his early contemporaries. See Biog. Brit.; Johnson's
and Chalmers's Poets, 1810; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.;
Parke's Walpole's R. & N. Authors.
Granville, Sir Richard. See GRENVIlle.
Grascome, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, 1691-1707
721
GRA
GRA
Grassineau, James.
James. A Musical Dictionary, Lon., !
i769.
Grattan, Rt. Hon. Henry, M.P., 1750-1820, a na-
tive of Dublin, educated at Trinity College, in that city,
entered the Irish Parliament in 1775, and distinguished
himself by his eloquent advocacy of the rights of his
country. For his services in procuring the repeal of the
act which declared the legislative authority of the British
Parliament over Ireland, he was voted £50,000 (reduced
at his own request from £100,000) by the Irish legislature.
After the Union he represented Malton, and subsequently
the city of Dublin, in the Imperial Parliament. 1. Speeches
in the Irish and in the Imperial Parliament. Edited by
his son, Henry Grattan, Lon., 1822, 4 vols. 8vo. 2. Mis-
cellaneous Works, 8vo. 3. Speeches; with a Commentary
on his Career and Character, by D. O. Madden, Dubl.,
1845, Svo. 4. Memoirs of his Life and Times, by his son,
Lon., 1839-45, 5 vols. Svo.
"This truly valuable work will unquestionably form one of the
most important and interesting additions to our biographical and
historical literature that our own day has produced. It offers us
a complete history of Ireland during the period of Grattan's life—
and the only efficient one which has yet been placed on record.”—–
Lam Naval and Military Gazette.
"The splendid success which has imprinted his name to all
ages upon the annals of his country, and the extraordinary merit
by which that distinction was gained and his life still further
illustrated in after-years, are by no means his highest praise. To
him may be applied, with perhaps but one exception, the affec-
tionate and beautiful words of Cicero respecting his son-in-law
Piso:
“Vereor, ne amore videar plura, quam fuerint in illo, dicere:
quod non ita est; alia enim de illo majora dici possunt; nam nec
continentia, nec pietate. nec ullo genere virtutis quendam ejus-
dem ætatis cum illo conferendum puto.""—Edin. Rev., xxxviii.
48–84, 7. v.
See also articles on Grattan in Blackwood's Mag., xlvi.
392, 529; Dubl. Univ. Mag., vii. 229; a review of his Mis-
cellaneous Works in Lon. Month. Rev., xcix. 359; of his
Speeches in Lon. Month. Rev., xeviii. 113; a biographical
and critical notice, and some of his speeches, in C. A.
Goodrich's Select British Eloquence.
"Mr. Grattan was the sole person in modern oratory of whom
it could be said that he had attained the first class of eloquence
in two parliaments, differing from each other in their tastes,
habits, and prejudices as much, probably, as any two assemblies
of different nations. The purity of his life was the brightness of
his glory. If I were to describe his character briefly, I should
say, with the ancient historian, that he was 'Vita innocentissimus,
Ingenio florentissimus, proposito sanctissimus.'”—SIR JAMES MACK-
•
INTOSH.
"He was a man of singular candour and of great moderation;
and, from his entrance into public life to the close of his illustrious
career, gave signal proofs of his moderation, of his extreme for-
bearance, nay, of his gentleness.”—LORD BROUGHAM: Speech in
House of Commons. June 26. 1823. See also his lordship's charac-
ter of Grattan. in his Lives of Statesmen of the Times of George
III. New ed., Lon, and Glasg., i. 335–342, 1855.
Grattan, Henry. See preceding article.
Grattan, P. R. Cases decided in the Supreme Ct.
of Appeals and the Genl. Ct. of Virginia, 1844-45, Rich-
mond, 1845, 8vo.
Grattan, Thomas Colley, an Irish novelist, b. in
Dublin, in 1796, whose works have obtained considerable
celebrity, has spent much time on the continent of Europe,
and was from 1839 to 1853 British Consul at Boston, where
he wrote two of his most popular works. 1. Philibert; a
Poetical Romance, Bordeaux, 1819, r. Svo; Lon., Svo.
This tale is founded on the IIistory of the false Martin
Guerre, reported in the Causes Célèbres. 2. High-Ways
and By-Ways; or, Tales of the Road-Side, picked up in
the French Provinces, by a Walking Gentleman, 1823, 2
Y p. 8vo; 2d series, 1824, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 3d series, 1827,
3 vols. p. 8vo. New eds. have been pub.
"Having thus amply allowed the author and his book to speak
for themselves, we have only to observe that the style is through-
out sustained with equal vigour as in the above specimens: and
we may safely pronounce this work to be executed in a manner
worthy of the patriotic motive which the author proposed to him-
self in its composition-the eradication of national prejudices."-
Elin. Rev., xxxviii. 454-467: notice of 1st series. See Allan Cuu-
ningham's Biog. and Crit. Ilist. of Lit. of the last Fifty Years.
3. Traits of Travel, 1829, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 4. The Heiress
of Bruges; a Tale of the year Sixteen Hundred, 1830, 4
vols. New eds. in 1834, '49, in 3 vols. p. 8vo; and also in
12mo.
..
The general style is manly, animated, and characteristic, and
calculated to attract the attention of the literary readers of the
continent, where the author has been long residing, as well as
those of his native land."-Court Journal,
See also Westminster Rev., xiv. 146.
5. Hist. of the Netherlands to the Belgian Revolution in
1830, (Lardner's Cyc., vol. x.,) 1830, 12mo. 6. Hist. of
Switzerland, 12mo. 7. Men and Cities; or, Tales of Travel,
2 vols. p. 8vo.
"Mr. Grattan has brought the imagination of the novelist to
the materials of the traveller:-he has sat down by the hearth-
he knows the home-the habits-of the people he describes."-
Lon. Literary Gazelle.
J
S. Jacqueline of Holland, 1842, '49, 12mo. 9. The
Master Passion, and other Tales, 1845, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
10. Chance Medley of Light Matter, 1845, 12mo.
11. Ag-
nes de Mansfelt, 1847, '49. 12mo. 12. Legends of the
Rhine, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1849, 12mo. Mr. Grattan was also the
author of a pamphlet on the Northeastern Boundary Ques-
tion (1842) between Great Britain and the United States.
Grattan, William, R. A., late Lieut. Connaught
Rangers, a cousin of the preceding, was present at nearly
all of the battles on the Peninsula. Adventures of the
Connaught Rangers, Lon., 1847, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 2d series,
1852, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"In this second series of the adventures of this famous regi-
ment, the author extends his narrative from the first formation
of the gallant SSth up to the occupation of Paris. All the battles,
sieges, and skirmishes in which the regiment took part are de
scribed. . . . The work bears all the characteristics of a soldier's
straightforward and entertaining narrative."
Graunt, Edward. See GRANT.
Graunt, John, 1620–1674, a haberdasher of London,
of intelligence and research, gained great distinction by
his Natural and Political Observations upon the Bills of
Mortality, chiefly with reference to the Government, Re-
ligion, Trade, Growth, Air, Discases, &c. of the City of
London, Lon., 1662, 4to; 6th ed., 1676, Svo. Again, 1759,
Edited by T. Birch.
"Sir William Petty . was the chief director and author of a
piece published some time before by one John Graunt," &c.—
Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib.
4to.
"He (Sir William Petty) is author of the ingenious deductions
from the bills of mortality which go under the name of Mr.
Graunt."-Evelyn's Memoirs.
"This work is not only one of the earliest, but also one of the
best, of its class. It is said by Evelyn in his Memoirs. (i. 475,
4to ed.,) and by Dr. Halley in his paper referred to below, that Sir
William Petty was the real author of the Observations. But,
notwithstanding the deference due to their authority, it may be
doubted whether there be any good ground for this statement."-
McCullock's Lit. of Polit. Econ., where see this question discussed.
hints and advice of Sir Will. Petty.
Wood says that the Observations were done upon certain
See Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit.; Dodd's Church Hist.;
Pepys's Life and Diary. There is also ascribed to Graunt,
Reflections on the Bills of Mortality relative to the Plague,
1665, Svo; and he left some pieces in MS.
Graunt, John. Truth's Victory against Heresy,
Lon., 4to.
Grave, Christian. Morals and Politics, 1794, 8vo.
Grave, or Graves, George Ann. Memoirs of Joan
of Arc; from Du Fresnoy, &c., Lon., 1812, Svo.
Grave, John de. Gate of Tongues, Lon., 1633,
Gravenor, Benjamin. See GROSVENOR.
Gravere, Julius de. A Treasury of Choice Medi-
cines, Lon., 1662, 4to.
8vo.
Graves, Mrs. A. J. 1. Women in America: their
Moral and Intellectual Condition, N. York, 1842, 18mo.
2. Girlhood and Womanhood; or, Sketches of my School-
mates, Boston. 1844, 12mo.
Graves, George. 1 British Ornithology, Lon., 1811-
13, 2 vols. r. Svo; 96 col'd plates. 2d ed., 1821, 3 vols.
Svo; 144 col'd plates. 2. Naturalists', &c. Pocket Guide;
col'd plates, 1815, Svo. 3. Ovarium Britannicum, 1815, r.
Svo. 4. Hortus Medicus, 4to.
Graves, Rev. John. Hist. and Antiq. of Cleveland
in the North Riding of Yorkshire, Carlisle, 1808, 4to.
Graves, John. Bahama Islands, Lon., 1789, 4to.
See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, i. 356.
Graves, R., and Ashton J. Whole Art of Tachy-
graphy; or, Short-Hand Writing, York, 1775, 12mo.
shire, Rector of Claverton, near Bath, and of Kilmersdon,
Graves, Richard, 1715–1804, a native of Gloucester-
was author of a number of popular works, now generally
forgotten. Among the best-known are The Festoon, or
Collection of Epigrams; Lucubrations in Prose and Verge,
pub. under the name of Peter Pomfret; The Spiritual
Quixote; Eugenius, or Anecdotes of the Golden Bull;
Columella, or the Distressed Anchoret; Plexippus, or the
Aspiring Plebeian; political pieces, under the name of
Euphrosyne; Sermons on various subjects; Recollections
of Shenstone; transiations from Antoninus, Herodian,
Xenophon, &c. His last publication was The Invalid,
with the obvious mears of enjoying Life by a Nonagena-
rian. His most popular work, often reprinted, was The
Spiritual Quixote; which was intended as a satire on the
itinerant and illiterate preachers among the Methodists.
The subject was hardly a suitable one for a divine; nor,
indeed, for any one else.
722
GRA
GRA
Graves, Richard, D.D., 1763-1829, a native of Kil-
finane, Limerick, was educated at Trin. Coll., Dublin, of
which he became Fellow in 1786: Dean of Ardagh. 1813;
and Regius Prof. of Divinity in the University. He pub.
a number of sermons and theological works, of which we
particularly notice-1. Essay on the Character of the
Apostles and Evangelists; designed to prove that they
were not Enthusiasts, Lon., 1799, 8vo.
**
A book which deserves to be consulted."-Ornu's Bibl. Bi.
2. Lects. on the 4 last Books of the Pentateuch. These
Lects. were delivered at the Donellan Lecture, 1797-1801.
They were originally pub. in 2 vols. 8vo, 1807. Three
Lectures were added to the second and subsequent edits.
Last ed., 1846, 8vo. Few works of the kind are more
highy esteeraed.
This is a work of learning and merit. Dr. Graves examines
very minutely the authenticity and truth of the Mosaic history,
and the theological and moral principles of the Jewish law; and
replies, at great length, to the most plausible objections. With
Dr. Geddes in particular, he maintains a very determined conflict,
and exposes, very successfully, the infidel reasonings of that arro-
gant writer. He also frequently combats Le Clerc and Warburton."
-Orme's B.bl. Bib.
Indispensably necessary to the biblical student."—Horne's Bibl.
+4
(1
Bib.
“The work of Dr. Graves is truly invaluable, and we cannot but
strongly advise every student in divinity to get it up (as it is
called) in preparing for his ordination."-British Critic.
The late excellent Bishop Lloyd, in his latter years. made it
one of the text-books of his private divinity lectures."-Lowndes's
Brit. Lib.
"Much important information; deficient in evangelical truth."
-Bickersteth's Caris. Stu.
An Epitome of this work will be found in Dr. J. B.
Smith's Compendium of Rudiments in Theology, Lon.,
1836, 12mo.
3. XXV. Serms. on Prac. Subjects, 1830, 8vo.
6.
The parent may read them with profit to his children, the
scholar may peruse them with delight in his study. They are
spirit-stirring appeals, which the sinner will find it difficult to re-
sist, and the saint impossible to condemn."-Lm. Chris. Remem
brancer.
4. Select Scriptural Proofs of the Trinity, 1840, Svo.
5. Whole Works, now first collected; with life by his son,
Richard Hastings Graves, D.D., Rector of Brigown, Dio-
cese of Cloyne, 1840, 4 vols. 8vo.
"The duty has been undertaken by his son, and executed in a
mauner creditable to his hereditary talents and piety."—Dubl.
Univ. Mag., xvii. 634–645, q. v.; and sec Fraser's Mag., xxiv. 76.
Graves, Capt. Richard, R.N. Case of the Author
rel. to his non-promotion in 1801, 1812, Svo.
Graves, Robert, M.D. Med. works, Lon., 1792-97.
Graves, Robert J., M.D., Prof. of the Institutes of
Med. in the School of Physic, Trin. Coll., Dublin. Clinical
Lectures on the Practice of Medicine. Edited by Dr.
Neligan, Dubl., 1843, Svo; 2d ed., 1848, 2 vols. Svo. Third
Amer. ed., by W. W. Gerhard, M.D., Lect. on Clin. Med. in
the Univ. of Penna., Phila., Svo.
"No practitioner of medicine should be without it, since there
is scarcely a disease to which the human frame is liable which does
not receive in it some illustration, direct or incidental; and as a
guide to practice, especially when difficulties arise, it will be found
a most useful work for reference."-Brit. and For. Med. Rev.
Extremely well adapted to the purposes of elementary instruc-
tion.”—PROF. Elias Loomis, New York University.
"Well suited to win the confidence of the public and to sustain
the reputation of the author."-REV. LYMAN COLEMAN, D.D.
"By his death the Irish school has lost one of its brightest orna- !
ments; one whose labours had made his name familiar in every
European and American school.”—Dubl. Times and Gazelle.
Graves, Samuel. Political treatises, 1814, &c.
Gravius, anglicé, Greaves.
Gray, Alexander, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1787.
Gray, Alonzo, b. 1808, at Townshend, Vermont,
formerly Prof. of Chemistry and Natural Philos. in Phil-
lips Academy, Andover, Mass. 1. Elements of Chemis-
try, Andover, 1841, 12mo; 40th ed., newly revised and
greatly enlarged, N. York, 1853, 12mo.
"An exceedingly judicious arrangement of the facts of Chemis
try. Its consecutive order is lucid and logical. It indicates a
mind accustomed to teach as well as to study. It seems to me to
hold a happy medium between the brevity which only obscures the
subject, and the copious details of works too elaborate and minute
for the general student."-The late Dr. Griscom, of Burlington, N. J.
2. Elements of Scientific and Practical Agriculture,
Andover, 1842, 12mo. 3. Elements of Natural Philos.,
N. York, 12mo.
C
4. In conjunction with C. B. Adams, Elements of Geo-
logy, 1852, 12mo.
"
It presents the Outlines of European and American Geology
in a concise form."-Nationa, Era.
Gray, Andrew, a Puritan divine of Glasgow. 1. XI.
Communion Serms., and a Letter to Lord W., Edin., 1616,
8vo. Lon., 1679, Svo. 2. Whole Works, Glasg., 1762, Svo;
Falkirk, 1789, Svo.
Į
Gray, Andrew, D.D., of Abernethy. 1. Delineation
of the Parables, &c., Edin., 1777, 1814, 8vo.
This is a very sensible work on the Parables.
It is free from
that fanciful and licentious mode of treating the allegorical parts
of Scripture in which many writers, with a show of piety, have
most improperly indulged.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
•
་
"This Delineation will be of great use to the reader in the study
of the parables of Jesus, and will enable him to comprehend their
full force and meaning. The author has explained and illustrated
them with perspicuity, and pointed out the several important in-
structions that may fairly be deduced from them.”—Lom. Month
Rev.. O. S., Ivii. 196.
3. Serin., 1768, Svo.
2. Serm., 1763. Svo.
Gray, Andrew. 1. The Experienced Millwright,
Edin., 1801, '06, 4to. 2. Plough-Wright's Assist., 1508,
Syo. 3. Spinning Machinery, 1819, 8vo.
“The author much excelled in the construction of ploughs of the
swing kind, to be drawn by two horses.”—Donaldson's Agricult.
Biog
Gray, Ann Thomson. The Twin Pupils; or, Edu-
cation at Home, Lon., 1852, fp. 8vo.
More sound principles and useful practical remarks we hav¶
not lately met in any work on the much-treated subject of educa
tion."-Lou. Lit. Gazette.
*•
Gray, Asa, M.D., Fisher Prof. of Natural History at
the University of Cambridge, Massachusetts, b. at Paris,
Oneida county. New York, Nov. 18, 1810; took the degree
of M.D. at Fairfield College, 1831, but relinquished the
medical profession for the purpose of prosecuting the
study of botany; appointed botanist to the U. States Ex-
ploring Expedition, 1834, but, in consequence of the delay
of that enterprise, resigned his post in 1837; elected Prof.
of Botany in the University of Michigan, and, before that
institution went into operation, elected to his present
situation in 1842. In addition to his lectures at the Uni-
versity, he has delivered three courses of Lowell Lectures
in Boston. In the prosecution of his botanical studies, he
visited Europe, 1838-39 and in 1850-51. See Men of the
Time, N. York, 1852. The reputation of this distin-
guished gentleman is too widely extended to render any
commendation upon our part at all necessary.
:
1. Elements of Botany, 1836. 2. Botanical Text-Book,
N. York, 1842. 12mo; 4th ed., 1853, sm. Sro; 5th ed.,
1858: see No. 6.
“A volume of excellent tendency, which may be put with safety
and advantage into the hands of well-educated young people."-
Lon. Erangel. Mag.
"We congratulate the friends of natural science upon the elec-
tion of a person of so much zeal and ability as this book discovers
to the chair of botany in the University of Cambridge.”—G. B.
EMERSON: review of 1st ed. in N. Amer. Rev., lvi. 192–207, q. v.
And see a review of 2d ed. (1845, 12mo) in N. Amer.
Rev., Ixi. 254-258, lxvii. 174–193. See also Amer. Jour.
of Sci., 2d Ser., v. 377.
⠀ •6
kingdom which has yet been obtained in an elementary treatise.
The most compendious and satisfactory view of the vegetable
Remarkable for its correctness and perspicuity."-Silliman's Jour.
This excellent work has been a text-book in the Uni-
versity of Edinburgh, and is so used in Harvard University
and other American colleges.
3. Genera of Plants of the U. States; illustrated by Isaac
Sprague, N.Y., 1848–49, 2 vols. r. Svo. A valuable work.
"The design of this work is to illustrate the botany of the United
States by figures, with full analyses of one or more species of each
genus, accompanied by descriptive generic characters and critical
observations. The figures are in all cases drawn directly from
nature.”—Preface.
5.
4. Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States,
Bost., 1848, 12mo; 2d ed., N. York, 1856, sm. Svo.
Botany of the U. States Pacific Exploring Expedition
under Captain Wilkes, 1854, 4to, with atlas of 100 plates,
1857, imp. fol.
1857, imp. fol. A separate edition of 150 copies printed
for sale. 6. The following six works constitute Dr. Gray's
School Series, revised, rearranged, and pub. in 1858. I.
How Plants Grow: Botany for Young People, sm. 4to.,
II. Lessons in Botany, with Drawings from Nature. III.
Manual of Botany, for Analysis and Classification. IV.
Manual and Lessons, in 1 vol. V. Manual, with Mosses,
&c. VI. Structural and Systematic Botany; a revised ed.
of Botanical Text-Book, 1300 drawings. 7. In conjunc-
tion with John Torrey, M.D., A Flora of North America.
This work, the first portion of which was issued in 1838,
is pub. in numbers. It will form 3 vols. 8vo. For an in-
teresting sketch of Dr. Gray's labours, comprising a notice
of Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 7, recorded above, we refer the reader
to an article by Mr. J. Carey, in the N. Amer. Rev., Ixvii.
174-193; also see N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1858. In addition
to his published vols., Dr. Gray has contrib. many valuable
papers to the Amer. Jour. of Science and Arts; Annals of
the Lyceum of Nat. Hist., N. York; Memoirs of the Amer.
Acad. of Arts and Sciences, Boston; Jour, of the Boston
Society of Natural History; Sir W. J. Hooke 's Jour. of
723
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Botany, London; Journal of the Linnean Soc., London;
Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge; N. Amer. Rev.
The intelligent, self-denying, and persevering labours
of Dr. Gray have imposed upon his countrymen obliga-
tions of no ordinary character. It is by such works that
credit is acquired abroad and education extended at home.
Gray, Charles, Capt., R. N. 1. Poems and Songs,
Lon., 1811, cr. 8vo; 2d ed., 1815, 12mo. 2. Lays and
Lyrics, 1842, fp. Svo.
..
Captain Gray strikes the Scottish harp with a bold and skilful
hand. producing tones in accordance with the universal song of
Nature which will not readily be forgotten."-Caledonian Mer-
cury.
Gray, Chris. Cat. of Trees and Shrubs, Lon, 1740, 8vo.
Gray, Dionis. His Storehouse of Breuitie in Woorkes
of Arithmetick, Lon., 1586, Svo and 16mo.
Gray, Edward Whitaker, M.D., 1748-1807, Secre-
tary to the Royal Society, and keeper of the departments
of Natural Hist. and Antiq. in the Brit. Museum. Con. on
Lat. hist. and nat. philos. to Phil. Trans., 1788, '89, 95, 96.
Gray, Francis Calley, LL.D., 1790-1856, b. in
Salem, Mass., a member of the Bar, distinguished for ex-
tensive literary attainments, a son of Lt.-Gov. William
Gray, and a native of Salem. Mass., graduated at Harvard
College in 1809, and was subsequently private secretary to
John Quincy Adams in his mission to Russia. He resided
in Boston until his decease, and filled several important
public positions, having been a representative, a senator,
and a member of the governor's council.
Mr. Gray's publications are as follows:
1. Address to the Massachusetts Charitable Fire Society
at their annual meeting, Oct. 10, 1817. 2. Discourse at
Plymouth, Mass., on the 199th anniversary of the landing
of the Pilgrims, Dec. 22, 1819. 3. Report of the Committee
of Merchants and others of Boston on the Tariff, Oct. 2,
1820. The Resolutions appended were drawn by Mr.
Webster. 4. Letter to Gov. Lincoln on Harvard University,
April 16, 1831. 5. Oration before the Legislature of Mass.,
on the 100th Anniversary of the birth of Washington,
Feb. 22, 1832. 6. Discourse before the American Institute,
Aug. 23, 1832. 7. Speech in the House of Representatives
of Mass., on the bill to abolish capital punishment, March
19, 1836. 8. Poem before B K Society at Cambridge,
Aug. 27, 1840.
9. Oration before the B K Society of Providence,
R. I., Sept. 7, 1842. 10. Remarks on Early Laws of
Mass., with the "Body of Liberties" of 1641, not before
printed, Mass. Hist. Collections, 3d series, vol. viii. 191,
Dec. 22, 1842. The MS. from which this was printed was
discovered by Mr. Gray. 11. Prison Discipline in Ame-
rica, Bost., 1847, 8vo.
Articles in the North American Review:
1. Translation of Sadolet's Laocoon, vol. ii., p. 199, Jan.
2. Address before the B K, vol. iii., p. 289,
1816.
Sept. 1816. 3. Imitation of Goethe, "Know'st thou the
land," vol. iv., p. 201, Jan. 1817. 4. Giustiniani's account
of an ancient cemetery in Naples, vol. v., p. 119, May,
1817. 5. Visit to the Elizabeth Islands, vol. v., p. 313,
Sept. 1817. 6. Time and Pleasure, vol. v., p. 341, Sept.
1817. 7. Review of Macchiavelli, vol. v., p. 344. Sept.
1817. 8. Cuvier's Theory of the Earth and Dana's Mine-
ralogy Systems of Geology, vol. viii., p. 396. 9. Nov-
anglus and Massachusettensis: Beginning of American Re-
volution, vol. ix., p. 376, Sept. 1819. 10. Addresses of Phila,
Society Foreign Commerce and Domestic Industry, vol.
x., p. 316, April, 1820. 11. Constitution of Massachusetts,
vol. xi., p. 359, Oct. 1820. 12. Raymond's Political
Economy, vol. xii., p. 443, April, 1821. 13. Botta's Ame-
rican Revolution, vol. xiii., p. 169, July, 1821. 14. Europe,
by a Citizen of the U. S., vol. xv., p. 177, July, 1822.
15. Jay's Treaty-Free ships, free goods-Rule of 1756,
vol. xvii., p. 142, July, 1823. 16. America, by the author
of Europe, vol. xxv., p. 169, July, 1827.
Translations in Longfellow's Poetry of Europe:-From
Dante-Beatrice, p. 524: "flowers," 6th line from end, at
misprint; should be "spirits." From Boccaccio-Sonnet
on Dante, p. 534. From Manzoni-Il Cinque Maggio, p.
614, On the Death of Napoleon.
Mr. Gray's defence of the Congregate System elicited
auxiliary articles in the North American Review for
January, 1848, and the Christian Examiner for the fol-
lowing month. Mr. Gray's volume, and the subject gene-
rally, were ably reviewed in a work entitled An Inquiry
into the alleged tendency of separation of Convicts one
from the other to produce Disease and Derangement. By
a Citizen of Pennsylvania, Phila., 1849, Svo. The author
of this work is Mr. Frederick A. Packard, formerly a
member of the Massachusetts Legislature, for many years
past a resident of Philadelphia. A notice of a work upon
the subject of prison-discipline-in which many good men
now take a warm interest-will be found in our article on
BUXTON, SIR THOMAS FOWell.
P
Gray, George Robert, Senior Assist. in the Zoolo-
gical Department, Brit. Museum. 1. A List of the Genera
of Birds; 2d ed., Lon., 1841. 2. The Genera of Birds, com-
prising their Generic Characters. Illustrated with Figures
by D. W. Mitchell, Lon., 1837-49, 3 vols. imp. 410, £31 108.
This work contains 371 plates, (186 plain and 185 col'd.)
The only similar work which has ever been pub. is Vieil-
lot's Galérie des Oiseaux, in 1825, which is now so far
behind the improved state of the science that it is valuable
only as a collection of figures. Gray's and Mitchell's
splendid work has elicited enthusiastic commendation:
Among the great works, G. R. Gray's Genera of Birds takes
undeniably the first place."-SUNDEVAL: Report to the Academy of
Stockholm.
"This is a work which no library ought to be without: no zoo-
logist who wishes to keep up his knowledge of the present state
für Naturg. 1844.
of Ornithology cau dispense with its possession."-Wiegm. Archiv
Mr. Gray was a contributor to the English ed. of
Cuvier's Animal Kingdom, and is the author of several
entomological publications, etc.
Gray, Mrs. Hamilton,is the author of several popu-
lar works, of which the best-known are-1. A Tour to the
Sepulchres of Etruria in 1839, Lon.,1840, p.8vo ; 3d ed., 1843.
Mrs. Gray's sepulchral picture-gallery has no intervals of daub
or vacancy. She has won an honourable place in the large as
"The spirit of the composition is thoroughly patriotic and Ame-
rican, and this we rejoice to see; for Mr. Gray is deeply read in
the literature of Europe, and knows, by personal observation, what
there is attractive in foreign associations and foreign modes of
life. His mind is richly stored with various and accurate know.sembly of modern female writers."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
ledge, gathered by study and travel; and he can judge, if any As a more particular illustration of what is the highest pride
man can, what sources of poetical inspiration are to be found in of modern English civilization-the union of genuine learning
American history and scenery as compared with Europe. The and genuine refinement-we may once more name Mrs. Hamilton
glowing strain that patriotic feeling dictates to so enlightened a Gray's Sepulchres of Etruria."-MISS RIGBY: Lon. Quar. Rev.,
mind as Mr. Gray's cannot fail to make a strong impression."— | lxvi. 105.
N. Amer. Rev., lii. 262-265.
A
“We have a work before us which ranks among the most dis-
tinguished in Ornithology; which, in scientific importance and
practical usefulness, leaves all similar works far behind."-HART-
LAUB: Isis, 1846, p. 943.
A
The working naturalist will hail with gratitude the work,
which supplies him with a ready index to the whole subject of
Ornithology. . . . This beautiful and elaborate work will tend
greatly to advance our knowledge of Ornithology: no public and
private museum can be scientifically arranged without its aid.”—
Jurdine's Ann, and Mog. Nat. Hist.
..
•
See DENNIS, George.
2. The History of Etruria, 1843-44, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
"The reading world will peruse Mrs. Gray's works, which are
open to all, in their native elegance, with the deepest interest."—
For. and Col. Quar. Rev.
"A work which we strongly recommend as certain to afford
pleasure and profit to every reader."-Lon. Athenæum.
3. Hist. of Rome for Young Persons, 1847, 2 vols. 12mo.
"A very ingenious attempt to bring the recent discoveries of the
critical school into working competition with the miserable Gold-
smiths and Pinnocks of our youth."-Lom. Chris. Remembrancer.
Lm. Guardian.
Even as a mere reading-book, very interesting and authentic.”
"Here we have any thing but a dry detail of names, dates and
facts, such as is too often to be met with in brief compilations.”-
Lon. Athenaum.
4. Emperors of Rome, from Augustus to Constantine.
Being a Continuation of the Hist. of Rome for Young
Persons, 1850, 12mo.
"It may be recommended as a clear, rapid, and well-arranged
summary of facts, pointed by frequent but brief reflections."-
Lon. Spectator.
"A striking characteristic of the book is the impartiality of its
political tone and its high moral feeling."-Lon. Examiner.
Gray, Henry, Lect. on Anat. at St. George's Hospital.
1. Structure and Use of the Spleen, Lon., 1854, p. 8vo.
2. Anatomy, Descript. and Surgical, 1858, r. 8vo, pp. 782.
Gray, Horace, Jr. Reports of Cases argued and
determined in the Supreme Judicial Ct. of Massachusetts,
1854; Bost., 1855-56, 2 vols. 8vo. Mr. Gray is the suc-
cessor, as reporter, to Judge Cushing. 2. Supp. to Revised
Statutes of Mass., 1855, vol. ii., 1855, r. Svo. See CUSH-
ING, LUTHER STEARNS.
Gray, Hugh. Letters from Canada, 1806-08, Lon.,
1809, '14, Svo.
Gray, J. T. 1. Exercises in Logic, designed for the
use of Students in Colleges, Lon., 1845, 12mo.
"Admirably adapted to be used as a class-book, accompanied by
1
721
GRA
GRA
the instructions of an able teacher. The examples are numerous
and well chosen. We think such a work as this was much wanted.
The plan and general execution are excellent."-Lon. Eclectic
Review.
2. Immortality: its Real and Alleged Evidences; 2d ed.,
1848, 8vo.
"We read this work before: we have re-perused it now with a
bigh sense of its ability.”—Lon. Evangelical Christendom.
Gray, James. Measures of Scotland compared with
those of England; Ess. Phys. and Lit., 1754.
Gray, James. Selecta Latine, Edin., 12mo.
"We consider this to be a most useful and valuable compila-
tion, and have no hesitation in recommending it very highly to
Teachers."-Lit. and Statistical Mg.
Gray, James. Introduction to Arithmetic; 58th ed.,
Lon., 1850, Svo.
Gray, James A., Rector of Dibden, Hants. The
Earth's Antiquity in Harmony with the Mosaic Record
of Creation, Lon., 1849, '51, s. 8vo.
Gray, Mrs. James. See BROWNE, MARY ANNE.
Gray, Mrs. Jane L., b. about 1800, is a daughter
of Wm. Lewers, Esq., of Castle Blayney, Ireland, (of
which town Mrs. G. is a native,) and the wife of the Rev.
John Gray, D.D., pastor of the First Presbyterian Church
in Buston, Pennsylvania. Her poems, entitled Sabbath
Reminiscences, Two Hundred Years Ago, and Morn—in
imitation of Night, by James Montgomery-are among
the best specimens of modern poetical composition. See
Griswold's Female Poets of America.
Gray, John. 1. Gunnery, Lon., 1731, Svo. 2. Peru-
vian or Jesuits' Bark; Phil. Trans., 1737.
Gray, John. 1. Land Measuring, Glasg., 1757, '59,
2. Inland Navigations, Lon., 1768, 8vo.
Gray, John. 1. Poems, Lon., 1770, 8vo. 2. Poems,
trans. and original, Dundee, 1778, Svo.
Gray, John. Dr. Price on Civil Liberty, Lon.,
8vo.
1777, Svo.
"While we allow his merit as a politician, we must condemn
his asperity."—Lon. Month. Rev.
Gray, John, LL.D. Political treatises, Lon.. 1800, '02.
Gray,John. Preservation of the Teeth, Lon., 1842,18mo.
Interesting and useful to every medical practitioner, the heads
of families, and those who have the care of children.”
06
Gray, John. 1. The Social Syem; a Treat, on the
Principle of Exchange, Lon., Svo. 2. Lects. on the Nature
and Use of Money, 1848, Svo.
“With the view of endeavouring to stimulate, in however slight
a degree. the existing spirit of inquiry into the validity of the
Monetary System of this Country, the Author of these Lectures
will give a Premium of one hundred guineas to whomsoever shall
be able to produce the Best Reply to, and before a Competent and
Impartial Tribunai to Refute. his Arguments.”—Advertisement.
Gray, Nicholas. See GREY.
Gray, Robert, D.D., 1762-1834, a native of London,
educated at Eton and St. Mary Hall, Oxford, became
Vicar of Farringdon, Berkshire; Rector of Craike, York-
shire, 1802: removed by Bishop Barrington to the living
of Bishop Wearmouth, Durham; Preb. of Durham, 1804;
Bishop of Bristol, 1827. His principal works are the
following: 1. Key to the Old Test. and the Apocrypha,
Lon., 1790, Svo; 9th ed., Lon., 1829, Svo. Much enlarged
and improved. 10th ed., with Percy's Key to the N. Test.,
1841, 8vo. Pub. by Rivington, Lon. This is a correct
edition. There is an ed. in print without the author's
last additions.
This is a very convenient and useful book, combining a large
portion of valuable information and discriminative learning. It
was designed as a companion to Percy's Key to the New Testa-
ment but is much fuller than that work. Both are likely to be
#L
superseded by the more extensive work of Mr. Hartwell Horne."-
Orme's Bibl. Bib. See HORNE, THOMAS HARTWELL, D.D.
6.
Dr. Gray has diligently consulted and brought together a
great mass of information from the writings of the fathers, the
antient ecclesiastical historians. and origina, authorities which
are not accessible to the generality of students. Bp. Mant and
Dr. D'Oyley have liberally availed themselves of Dr. G.'s researches
in their commentary on the Holy Scriptures."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
See Bishop Marsh's Lectures on Divinity.
3. Ten
2. Letters written during a Tour through Germany,
Switzerland, and Italy in 1791-92, 1794, 8vo.
Discourses on Various Subjects, illustrative of the Evi-
dence, Influence, and Doctrines of Christianity, 1793,
8vo.
"Some of the subjects here selected by the author are among
those which appear to him to have been less frequently consi-
dered, under this form, than their importance merits."-Prefice.
Mr. Gray has well supported the previous fame acquired by
his Key to the Old Testanient, and has ably elucidated some diffi-
cult points. particularly the much-controverted doctrine of the
Millennium.”—Brilish Critic.
4. Connexion between the Sacred Writings and the
Literature of the Jewish and Heathen Authors, &c.,
1816, '19, 8vo.
..
This is a work of a much higher order than the former, dis
covering profound and elegant learning, and considerable talents
for elucidating the minute and obscure allusions both of sacred
and profane literature.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
6.
Indispensably necessary to the biblical student who cannot
command access to all the classic authors.”—Horne's Bibl. Brit.
An Analysis of the Connexion will be found in the
British Critic, N. S., xiii. 316.
Gray, Stephen. Con. on Astronomy and Nat. Philos.
to Phil. Trans., 1696, '99, 1701, '03, '20, '31, '32, '35.
Gray, Thomas. See GREY.
Here is a rare opportunity for political economists: we
believe that the prize is still open for competition.
Gray, John. 1. Country Attorney's Practice, &c.;
6th ed., Lon., 1845, 12mo. 2. Country Solicitor's Prae
tice; 4th ed.. 1845, 12mno. 1 Jurist, 314; 3 Leg. Obs., 501.
Gray, John C. Au Oration pronounced before the
Society of Phi Beta Kappa at Cambridge, August 30, 1821.
Subject The Present Condition and Prospects of Ameri-
can Literature. See N. Amer. Rev., xiii. 478-490, 1821.
Gray, Thomas, Dec. 26, 1716-July 30, 1771, the
celebrated author of the Elegy written in a Country
Church-yard, was a native of Cornhill, London, in which
city his father followed the occupation of a money-
scrivener. The latter was a man of violent passions and
brutal manners, and it was to his excellent mother that
the future poet was indebted for those opportunities of
education which he enjoyed, first at Eton School, and
subsequently (1734-38) at Peter-house, Cambridge. In
1738 he returned to London, with the intention of pursu-
ing the study of the law. He was soon discouraged, how-
ever, by the difficulties of the preliminary branches, and
not unwilling to accede to his friend Horace Walpole's
request to accompany him on a tour on the continent.
Gray, John Edward, Ph. D., head of the Nat. Hist.
"In the study of the law," says Gray in a letter to West,
department of the Brit. Museum. 2d ed. of Turton's Landing; nor was there ever anybody (especially those that
"the labour is long, and the elements dry and uninterest-
and Fresh-Water Shells of the Brit. Islands, Lon., 1849, afterwards made a figure in it) amused, or even not dis-
p. Svo.
Mr. G. was associate editor (with John Richard- gusted, at the beginning." In such a frame of mind, the
son, M.D.) of the Zoology of the Voyage of H.M. Ships invitation to visit the classic land of Italy, in company
Erebus and Terror, 1839-43, 1844, r. 4to, and wrote Pt. 1
with the lively Horace, must have been received with ro
of the Zoology of H.M. Ship Sulphur, 1843-45, r. 4to. little delight.
For a list of his scientific papers, memoirs, &c.,—about 500
in number,—we refer to the Bibliog. of Zoology and Geo-
logy. See also Eng. Cyc., Biog., vol. iii., 1856, 175.
Gray, John H. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1842, &c.
Gray, Jonathan. Hist. of the York Lunatic Asylum,
York. 1814, Svo.
5. Josiah and Cyrus the two great objects of Divine
Notice in the Scheme of Revelation, 1833, 12ino.
Gray, S. The Happiness of States; or, An Inquiry
concerning Population, &c., 1815, 4to. Other works.
Gray, Samuel Frederick. 1. Arrangement of Brit.
Plants, 1821, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Elements of Pharmacy and
Materia Medica, Svo. 3. Operative Chemist, 1823, 8vo.
4. Supplement to the Pharmacopoeia, by Redwood, 1847,
Svo; 2d ed., 1848.
"This is a work of great and general utility. To the practitioner
and retail druggist it must prove extremely useful; indeed, to
them it is almost indispensable.”—Lon. Med. Repository.
continued together until 1741, when they parted at Reg-
In the spring of 1739 the travellers left London. and
gio, after many unhappy disputes, for which Walpole,
according to his own confession, was most to blame.
a later period of life their friendly relations were renewed
in consequence of Walpole's amicable overtures, which
were received in a proper spirit by the poet.
At
1742 took his degree at Cambridge of Bachelor of Civil
In September, 1741, Gray returned to London, and in
Law. His father was now dead, and be resolved to settle
permanently at Cambridge; and, with the exception of
occasional trips to Wales, Scotland, and the Lakes of
Westmoreland, and a three years' residence in London, for
convenience of access to the British Museum, he resided
in this place for the balance of his life. Ia 1756, in con-
rudeness and boisterous practical jokes of some riotous
sequence of the annoyance which he experienced from the
young men in the same college building," he removed
from Peter-house, which was endeared by the acquaint-
ance of more than twenty years, to Pembroke-hall, where
now resided some of his intimate friends. In 1757 he
declined the office of Poet-Laureate, vacated by the
725
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|
|
death of Cibber. In 1762 he made an unsuccessful appli-
cation for the professorship of Modern History at Cam-
bridge, worth £400 per annum; but this post was con-
ferred upon him by the Duke of Grafton in 1768. For
this act of kindness his Grace was rewarded by Gray's
Ode on the Installation of the Duke of Grafton to the
Chancellorship of the University of Cambridge, to which
he was elected in 1769. The duties of his professorship
were practically neglected by the new incumbent, although
he taught the languages by proxy, and contemplated the
delivery of a course of lectures, the preparation of which
was cut short by his death. On the 24th of July, 1771,
while at dinner in the college-hall, he was seized with
gout in the stomach, which proved fatal on the evening
of the 30th of the same month.
tions in two months; and afterwards a 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th, 9th,
10th, and 11th; printed also in 1753 with Mr. Bentley's Designs, of
which there is a 2d edition, and again by Dodsley in his Miscellany,
vol. iv., and in a Scotch collection call'd the Union, translated juto
Latin by Chr. Anstey, Esq., and the Rev. Mr. Roberts, and pub
lish'd in 1762; and again in the same year by Rob. Lloyd, M.A.”
The reader is, of course, an ardent admirer of the Elegy,
and therefore will not be displeased to read the enthusiastic
encomiums which have been lavished upon it by critics.
who have earned a right to be heard with respect:
"It is a poem which is universally understood and admired;
not only for its poetical beauties. but also, and perhaps chiefly, for
its expressing sentiments in which every man thinks himself in-
terested. and which at certain times are familiar to all men.".
DR. BEATTIE.
A detailed account of the literary life and literary dreams
of this ripe scholar and estimable man-his warm friend-
ships, his embarrassing sensitiveness, and the magnificent
visions of immortal labours which haunted his mind but
never saw the light-will not be expected in the narrow
limits to which we are confined. In the biographies of
Johnson, Mathias, Chalmers, Mason, Mitford, and of Henry
Reed,-prefixed to his edit. of the Poems of Gray pub. by
Henry C. Baird, Phila., 1850, 12mo,-and in the letters,
&c. of Walpole, Nicholls, Forbes, Boswell, Bowles, Beattie,
and other notices of the men of the times in which the poet
lived, will be found sufficient to gratify the curiosity and
delight of the most enthusiastic of his admirers.
It now becomes our duty to lay before the reader the
opinions of a number of eminent critics upon the merits
of the principal productions of an author who must always
occupy an exalted rank among the greater poets of Eng-
land.
1. Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College. Written
in 1742; pub. in 1747, fol.
::
The Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College is more me
chanical and commonplace [than the Elegy in a Country Church-
yard]; but it touches on certain strings about the heart, that
vibrate in unison with it to our latest breath. No one ever passes
by Windsor's 'stately heights,' or sees the distant spires of Eton
College below, without thinking of Gray. He deserves that we
should think of him; for he thought of others, and turned a
trembling, ever-watchful ear to the still sad music of humanity.'"
-Hazlitt's Lectures on the Eng. Poets.
Of Dr. Johnson's comments on this Ode it is enough to
quote the first six lines as a specimen of the hypercriticism
in which this great writer sometimes unwarrantably in-
dulges:
66
The Prospect of Eton Collego suggests nothing to Gray which
every other beholder does not equally think and feel. Ilis suppli-
cation to Father Thames, to tell him who drives the hoop or tosses
the ball. is useless and puerile. Father Thames has no better
means of knowing than himself.”—Life of Gray.
This undignified sneer has been well rebuked by Mr.
Mitford:
"Are we by this rule of criticism to judge the following passage
in the twentieth chapter of Rasselas? 'As they were sitting to-
gether, the princess cast her eyes on the river that flowed before
her: "Answer," said she, "great Father of Waters, thou that rollest
thy floods through eighty nations, to the invocation of the daughter
of thy native king. Tell me, if thou waterest, through all thy
course, a single habitation from which thou dost not hear the mur-
murs of complaint?"""
This is an admirable specimen of the argumentum ad
hominem. But, if Dr. Johnson has unduly appreciated this
Ode, a later authority, of no contemptible rank, has per-
haps greatly overrated it:
"Gray has, in his ode on Eton College, whether we consider the
sweetness of the versification or its delicious train of plaintive ten-
derness, rivalled every lyric effort of ancient or modern times."-
DR DRAKE: Literary Hours.
2. Ode on Spring. Written in 1742.
"His ode On Spring has something poetical, both in the language
and the thought; but the language is too luxuriant, and the
thoughts have nothing new.”—DR. JOHNSON: Life of Gray.
3. Hymn to Adversity. Written in 1742.
"The hint was at first taken from O Diva, gratum quæ regis
Antium but Gray has excelled his original by the variety of his
sentiments, and by their moral application. Of this piece. at once
poetical and rational, I will not. by slight objections, violate the
dignity."-DR. Jonsson: Life of Gray.
4. Elegy written in a Country Church-yard. Commenced
in 1742, revised from time to time, and completed in 1749;
pub. by Dodsley in Feb. 1751. There is a tradition that
the Elegy was composed in the "precincts of the Church
of Granchester, about two miles from Cambridge; and the
curfew is supposed to have been the great bell of St.
Mary's."
The popularity of this exquisite composition was imme-
diate and extensive. Gray himself tells the story in a
note on the margin of a manuscript copy of the Elegy
preserved at Cambridge among the poet's papers:
"Published in Feb. 1751, by Dodsley, and went thro' four edi-
726
•
Had Gray written nothing but his Elegy, high as he stands, I
am not sure that he would not stand higher; it is the corner-stone
of his glory.... Gray's Elegy pleased instantly and eternally."-
LORD BYRON.
A
to bear repetition. The night before the attack on Quebec,
The eulogy of General Wolfe is almost too well known
in which he lost his life, he declared to his fellow-soldiers-
"Now, gentlemen, I would rather be the author of that
poem than take Quebec."
"I know not what there is of spell in the following simple line:
The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep;'
but no frequency of repetition can exhaust its touching charm.
This fine poem overcame even the spiteful enmity of Johnson,
and forced him to acknowledge its excellence."-SIR S. EGERTON
▸
BRYDGES:
The remark-"spiteful enmity of Johnson"-is in very
bad taste, and moreover very unjust; but Sir Egerton was
not the most amiable of mortals. Johnson's commendation
of the Elegy is hearty, enthusiastic, and gladly accorded:
"In the character of his Elegy I rejoice to concur with the com
mon reader; for by the common sense of readers, uncorrupted with
literary prejudices. after all the refinements of subtility and the
dogmatism of learning, must be finally decided all claim to poetical
honours. The Church-yard abounds with images which find a
mirror in every mind, and with sentiments to which every bosom
returns an echo. The four stanzas beginning yet even these
bones,' are to me original: I have never seen the notions in any
other place; yet he that reads them here persuades himself that
he has always felt them. Had Gray written often thus. it had
been vain to blame and useless to praise him."-Life of Gray.
6
Yet there is much truth in the remark of a modern critic,
that the Elegy owes its popularity not altogether to "the
strain of thought:"
"There is a charm in metre, as there is in music; it is of the
same kind, though the relation may be remote; and it differs less
in degree, perhaps, than one who has not an ear for poetry can be
lieve.... Gray's Elegy owes much of its popularity to its strain of
verse; the strain of thought alone, natural and touching as it is,
tens of thousands, unless the diction and metre in which it was
would never have impressed it upon the hearts of thousands and
embodied had been perfectly in unison with it. Beattie ascribed
its general reception to both causes. [see above.]. .. Neither cause
would have sufficed for producing so general and extensive and
permanent an effect, unless the poem had been. in the full import
of the word, harmonious.”—Southey's Life of Cowper.
"Gray's Pindaric Odes are, I believe, generally given up at pre-
sent, [not so:] they are stately and pedantic; a kind of methodical
borrowed phrensy. But I cannot so easily give up, nor will the
world be in any haste to part with. his Elegy in a Country Church-
yard; it is one of the most classical productions that ever was
penned by a refined and thoughtful mind moralizing on human
life. Mr. Coleridge (in his Literary Life) says that his friend Mr.
Wordsworth had undertaken to show that the language of the
Elegy is unintelligible: it has, however, been understood!"
Hazlitt's Lectures on the English Peels.
"Of smaller poems, the Elegy of Gray may be considered as the
most exquisite and finished example in the world of the effect
resulting from the intermixture of evening scenery and pathetic
reflection."-Drake's Literary Hours.
This is a specimen of the censurable extravagance of
which enthusiasm is so often guilty. Had Mr. Druko
read all the poetry of this species "in the world?" and, if
30, (of course an impossibility,) did his memory retain
it with such faithfulness as to enable him to make the
comparison with the results of which he favours us?
In a similar strain of hyperbole, Mr. Mathias assures
us that, as a poet, Gray is "second to none.”
Such exaggeration is in very bad taste.
We shall see,
before we have done with our examination of Gray's
poetry, that this is not the only instance in which Mr.
Mathias's enthusiasto has caused the critic to degenerate
into the rhapsodist.
An interesting subject connected with the Elegy is the
number of translations of it which have boen made in
various languages. And here we cannot do better than
quote an extract from the biography of Gray—already
referred to by our valued and lamented friend, the late
Professor Henry Reed:
"One peculiar and remarkable tribute to the merit of The
have been made of it into various languages. both of ancient and
Elegy is to be noticed in the great number of translations which
modern Europe. It is the same kind of tribute which has been
rendered to Robinson Crusoe' aud to 'The Pilgrim's Progress,'
蕾
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·
and is proof of the same universality of interest, transcending
the limits of language and of race. To no poem in the English
language has the same kind of homage been paid so abundantly.
Of what other poem is there a polyglott edition? Italy and Eng-
land have competed with their polyglott editions of The Elegy:
Torri's, bearing the title. Elegia di Tomasso Gray sopra un Cimi-
tero di Campagna, tradotta dell Inglese in più lingue. Verona,
1817; Livorno, 1843; and Van Voorst's London edition.
►
46
"The following list of the translations will perhaps best illus-
trate this unwonted tribute to a poet's genius:
"Hebrew, by G. Venturi, an eminent Italian Oriental scholar,
who in his version limited himself to use of words, and, as far as
possible, phrases, found in the Old Testament.
**Greek, by Professor Cooke, Cambridge. 1775; Dr. Norbury, Eton,
1703; Bishop Sparke, London, 1794; Dr. Coote. London, 1794; Ste-
phen Weston, London, 1794: Edward Tew, Loudon, 1795; and
the Epitaph alone, by J. Plumtree, 1795; and the Elegy by
Cyprianio.
Lutin, by Robert Lloyd, 1762; W. II. Roberts, Cambridge.
1762, and London, 1778; Signor Gio. Costa. Padua, 1772: Gilbert
Wakefield, Cambridge, 1776; Christopher Anstey, Loudon, 1778;
Anonymous, Cambridge; S. N. E.. London, 1824; W. Hilyard; J.
H. Macauley, in the Arundines Cami;' G. F. Barbieri; Ben del
Bene; G. Venturi.
·
[
"Italian, by M. Cesarotti, Padua, 1772; G. Gennari. Padua,
1772; Dr. Giannini, London, 1782; G. Torelli. Verona, 1776: D.
Trant. (prose;) M. Lastri; A. Buttura; P. Baraldi; M. Castellazi;
Elisabetta Sesler Bond. (prose ;) M. Leoni; L. Mancini; Cavaz-
zoca D. Gregori, Rome, 1821.
"Portuguese, by Boulard.
A
"French, by De Berchère. Hookham, 1778; L. D. Chatham, 1806;
Anonymous, (prose,) Paris, an vi.;' Le Tourneur, Dubois, Cabanis,
Chénier, Fayolle, Kérivalant, Grénus, Charrin, Le Mièrre, Vil-
leneuve, Fontanes, Chateaubriand.
"German, by Gotter, Gotha, 178; Seume, Riga, 1801; Kose-
garten. 1798; Mason; Müller; Ruphrecht.
"This list is compiled from several authorities, but chiefly from
an article selected from a German miscellany for The Literary
World,' New York, Oct. 1849; and from several communications
to that novel and useful periodical, Notes and Queries,' London,
1850."
An interesting account of the sale of the Library of
Gray (27th Nov., 1845) will be found in the Gentleman's
Magazine for January, 1846, 29-33. From another
authority we quote a graphic description of the sale of
the original manuscript of the Elegy:
C
►
·
A
"The original manuscript of Gray's Elegy was lately sold at
auction in London. There was really a scene' in the auction-
room. Imagine a stranger entering in the midst of a sale of some
rusty-looking old books. The auctioneer produces two small half-
sheets of paper, written over, torn. and mutilated. He calls it a
most interesting article,' and apologizes for its condition. Picker-
ing bids ten pounds! Rodd Foss. Thorpe, Bohn. Holloway, and
some few amateurs quietly remark. twelve. fifteen, twenty, twenty-
five, thirty, and so on, till there is a pause at sixty-three pounds!
The hammer strikes. Hold says Mr. Foss. It is mine,' says
the amateur. No, I bid sixty-five in time.' Then I bid seventy.'
Seventy-five, says Mr. Foss; and fives are repeated again, until
the two bits of paper are knocked down, amidst a general cheer, to
Payne & Foss, for one hundred pounds sterling! On these bits of
paper are written the first drafts of the Elegy in a Country Church-
yard, by Thomas Gray, including five verses which were omitted
in publication, and with the poet's interlinear corrections and
alterations,-certainly an interesting article; several persons
supposed it would call for a ten-pound note, perhaps even twenty.
A single volume, with W. Shakspeare' in the fly-leaf. produced,
sixty years ago, a hundred guineas; but probably, with that ex-
ception, no mere autograph, and no single sheet of paper, ever
produced the sum of five hundred dollars!"
The purchaser of this precious MS. was Mr. Penn, of
Stoke Pogis, who also purchased the MS. of The Long |
Story, for £15. The MS. of the Elegy was sold in Au-
gust, 1854, to Mr. Wrightson, of Birmingham, for £131.
See Gent. Mag. for Sept. 1854, 272. At this sale the en-
tire collection of Gray MSS. sold for £418 78. See also
the London Athenæum, 1854, 941, 696.
5. The Alliance of Education and Government: an uu-
finished ethical poem of 107 lines; commenced in 1748.
The first fifty-seven lines of this poem were transmitted
by Gray to Dr. Wharton:
"I fill my paper with the beginning of an essay; what name to
give it I know not; but the subject is the Alliance of Education
and Government: I mean to show that they must both concur
to produce great and useful men."
Of this poem Dr. Johnson remarks
"The fragments which remain have many excellent lines."-
Life of Gray.
But these "excellent lines" elicited a warmer com-
mendation from the historian of the Decline and Fall of
the Roman Empire:
"
Instead of compiling tables of chronology and natural history,
why did not Mr. Gray apply the powers of his genius to finish the
philosophic poem of which he has left such an exquisite speci-
M
men?"
Mr. Nicholls put the same question to Gray himself,
and the poet gave a prompt and frank response to the
query: see Nicholls's Reminiscences of Gray.
6. Ode to Vicissitude. The fragment to which this title
was given was written in 1754.
"Sir Egerton Brydges, through whose multifarious works there
•
is scattered much fine appreciation of both the strength and th
weakness of Gray's character, has spoken of this poem as the
'sublime lyrical fragment on Vicissitude,' in which' (he adds) I
do not hesitate to pronounce the following stanza among the most
perfect specimens which the poetry of any country can produce:
Yesterday the sullen year
17
Saw the snowy whirlwind fly;
Mute was the music of the air;
The herd stood drooping by:
Their raptures now that wildly flow,
No yesterday nor morrow know;
Tis man alone that joy descries
With forward and reverted eyes.'”
HENRY REED: Memoir of Gray.
7. The Progress of Poesy; a Pindaric Ode. Completed
in 1755. 8. The Bard; a Pindaric Ode. Commenced in
1755. Both 7 and 8 were printed at the Strawberry-Hill
Press, by Horace Walpole, in 1757, 4to.
·
|
I found Gray in town last week. He brought his two odes to
be printed. I snatched them out of Dodsley's hands, and they
are to be the first-fruits of my press."-WALPOLE.
The Pindaric Odes were not popular: they were neg-
lected by the public and laughed at by the wits,-nay,
openly burlesqued by George Colman the elder, and
Robert Lloyd, in the odes To Obscurity and To Oblivion,-
the first intended for Gray and the second for Mason:
"Little did the two wits think how small, in comparison with
Gray. they would appear in the eyes of posterity; and that The
Bard, which was then neglected by the public, would. in the
course of the next generation, become the most popular ode in the
English language."-SOUTHEY: Life of Cowper.
But Colman, in his Miscellaneous Works, pub. in 1787,
amply vindicates Lloyd and himself against the charge
of ill-nature.
The best proof of their want of adaptation to the public
comprehension and taste is the fact of their general neglect.
Dr. Johnson describes them as
"Two compositions at which the readers of poetry were at first
content to gaze in mute amazement. Some that tried them con-
fessed their inability to understand them, though Warburton
said that they were understood as well as the works of Milton and
Shakspeare, which it is the fashion to admire. Garrick wrote a
few lines in their praise. Some hardy champions undertook to
rescue them from neglect; and in a short time many were content
to be shown beauties which they could not see."-Life of Gray.
Read the whole of this critique.
Walpole admired the Odes greatly, but admitted their
unpopularity:
6..
You are very particular.' he remarks to Montague, 'in liking
Gray's Odes; but you must remember the age likes Akenside and
did like Thompson! Can the same people like both?"
Mr. Forster thinks that Walpole's admiration was rather
extravagant:
"Two noble productions, it must surely be admitted, whatever
of cavil can be urged against them: though not to be admired as
Walpole admired."-Life of Goldsmith.
Gray himself draws an amusing picture of the public
distaste:
"Even my friends tell me they (the Odes) do not succced, and
write me moving topies of consolation on that head. In short, I
divinity [Warburton] that profess their esteem for them. Oh yes!
have heard of nobody but an actor [Garrick] and a doctor of
a lady of quality, (a friend of Mason's.) who is a great reader. She
knew there was a compliment to Dryden, but never suspected
there was any thing said about Shakspeare or Milton, till it was
explained to her, and wishes that there had been titles prefixed
to tell what they were about.”—Letter to Mr. Hurd, afterwards
Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry.
Forster remarks that Gray might have added to the
admirers of the Odes "the poor monthly critic of The
Dunciad."
The "poor monthly critic" thus referred to was no less.
a person than Oliver Goldsmith, then a hack-writer for
Griffith. See our life of GOLDSMITH, in this volume.
The original review lies before us now, and we would
fain quote from it copiously, to show both the merits of
the reviewer and his hearty and intelligent appreciation
of his author. As for us, we never read six lines of Gold-
smith-either his poetry or his prose-without finding our
rather familiar fondness for the man awed into admiring
respect for the writer. Where, excepting in the epigram-
matic conciseness which distinguishes some of his descrip-
tions of national characteristics in his poem of The Tra-
veller, shall we find so exquisite and faithful a miniature
of a whole people as in the following lines?
"He speaks to a people not easily impressed with new ideas,
extremely tenacious of the old; with difficulty warmed, and as
slowly cooling again. How unsuited then to our national cha-
pected flights! where we must hastily catch the thought, or it
racter is that species of poetry which rises upon us with unex-
Hlies from us; and, in short, where the Reader must largely par
take of the Poet's enthusiasm in order to taste of his beauties."-
Review of Odes by Mr. Gray, Lon. Month. Rev., xvii. 239–243; Sept.
1757.
The critic proceeds to declare that certain passages of
The Bard, which he cites,
“Will give as much pleasure to those who relish this species of
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composition as any thing that has hitherto appeared in our lan-
guage, the odes of Dryden himself not excepted."
•
His Odes did not, nor yet do they, please like his Elegy."-
LORD BYRON.
We have already quoted with dissent a disparaging
comment on the Odes, by Hazlitt, and promised to quote
a eulogy, from the extravagance of which we also dissent,
by Mr. Mathias:
"There is not another ode in the English language which is
constructed like these two compositions; with such power, such
majesty, and such sweetness. with such proportioned pauses and
just cadences. with such regulated measures of the verse, with
such master-principles of lyrical art displayed and exemplified,
and. at the same time, with such a concealment of the difficulty.
which is lost in the softness and uninterrupted flowing of the
lines in each stanza, with such a musical magic that every verse
in it in succession dwells on the ear and harmonizes with that
which has gone before."
Much of the above, considered as description, is undoubt-
edly true; perhaps all of it is true: but this lavish use of
superlatives which has, unfortunately for the interests of
legitimate criticism, become so common-this "best in the
language," the best in any language,"-" unrivalled,"
unsurpassed"—is our special aversion. It is generally
ignorance and vulgarity, always arrogance and bad taste.
No writer is "the best," no woman "the handsomest," no
man "the wittiest," no gallant "the most polite:" or, if
so in fact, it can never be established by demonstration.
9. Ode on the Installation of the Duke of Grafton to the
Chancellorship of the University of Cambridge. Written
in 1769. Pub. 1769, 4to.
"C
―
"I thought myself bound in gratitude to his grace, unasked, to
take upon me the task of writing these verses, which are usually
set to music, on this occasion. I do not think them worth sending
you. because they are by nature doomed to live but a single day;
or, if their existence is prolonged beyond that date, it is only by
means of newspaper parodies and witless criticisms. This sort of
abuse I had reason to expect, but did not think it worth while to
avoid.”—Grøy to Beattie.
This Ode has also been rewarded by the praises of critics
of no ordinary authority. Mr. Hallam dwells with pleasure
upon
That beautiful stanza where he has made the founders of
Cambridge to pass before our eyes like shadows over a magic
glass."-Constit. Hist. of Eng.
"I think there is something very majestic in Gray's Installation
Ode."-COLERIDGE.
10. Letters of Gray, written at various times to West,
Walpole, Wharton, Mason, Nicholls, and Bonstetten.
These comprise all of his letters, with the exception of
about twenty. They are his chief prose compositions,
and certainly support the theory that the best poets are
also the best writers of prose.
"I once thought Swift's letters the best that could be written,
but I like Gray's better. His humour, or bis wit, or whatever it
is to be called, is never ill-natured or offensive, and yet, I think.
equally poignant with the Dean's.”—CowPER.
"He that reads his epistolary narration wishes that to travel
and to tell his travels had been more of his employment; but it
is by studying at home that we must obtain the ability of travel-
ling with intelligence and improvement.”—Dr. Johnson: Life of
Gray.
“I am acquainted with many parts of your excursion through
the north of England. and very glad that you had my old friend
Mr. Gray's Letters with you, which are indeed so well written
that I have no scruple to pronounce them the best letters that
have been printed in our language. Lady Montagu's are not
without merit, but are too artificial and affected to be confided in
as true, and Lord Chesterfield's have much greater faults.—indeed,
some of the greatest that letters can have: but Gray's letters are
always sensible, and of classical conciseness and perspicuity.
They very much resemble what his conversation was."-DR.
BEATTIE: Letter to a Friend.
"His letters are inimitably fine. If his poems are sometimes
finical and pedantic, his prese is quite free from affectation.
He pours his thoughts out upon paper as they arise in his mind;
and they arise in his mind without pretence or constraint, from
the pure impulse of learned leisure and contemplative indolence.
He is not here on stilts or on buckram, but smiles in his easy-chair
as he moralizes through the loopholes of his retreat on the bustle
and raree-show of the world, or those reverend bedlams-colleges
and schools.' He had nothing to do but to read and think, and to
tell his friends what he read and thought. His life was a luxu-
rious, thoughtful dream.”—HAZLITT: Zrctures on the English Ports.
When there is so much to be done in this world, so
much ignorance to be instructed, error to be rectified, vice
to be reformed, and impiety to be extirpated and misery
to be consoled, we envy not that man who has no better
record to meet him on the Great Day than that "his life
was a luxurious, thoughtful dream."
But to continue our quotations respecting Gray's Letters:
"Delightful indeed are these Letters: evincing the taste of a
virtuoso, the attainments of a scholar, and the gaiety of a classical
wit."-DIBDIN: Lib. Comp.
Read Gray's Letters on his Tour to the Lakes. He saw little.
and that little hastily; but what he did see he sketched with the
pen inimitably. The touches with which he occasionally gives
ife and spirit to he delineation are exquisite. Yet in Gray's
prose. as in his verse, there is something affected; and his wit,
though very refined and pure, has the air of being forced. The
description of the sunrise (Let. 6) is incomparably fine."-GREEN:
Diary of a Lover of Lit.
Having thus noticed the principal productions of Gray,
we presume that the reader will be gratified by some quo-
tations respecting the general characteristics of an author
so justly distinguished in the Republic of Letters.
(.
Perhaps he was the most learned man in Europe. He was
equally acquainted with the elegant and profound parts of science,
and that not superficially, but thoroughly. He knew every branch
of history, both natural and civil: had read all the original histo
rians of England, France, and Italy; and was s great antiquarian.
Criticism, metaphysics, morals, politics, made a principal part of
his study; voyages and travels of all sorts were his favourite
amusements; and he had a fine taste in painting, prints, archi-
tecture, and gardening.”—REV. WM. TEMPLE: Letter to James Bos
well.
The grandiloquent phrase "the most learned man in
Europe"-is very observable. What were Mr. Temple's
opportunities and capacity for gauging all the learning
of all Europe? But upon this fault of exaggeration we
have already descanted at length, here and elsewhere, in
the present volume.
Gray undoubtedly possessed some knowledge of archi-
tecture. In our article on EDWARD BENTHAM we have
taken occasion to correct an error respecting Gray's sup.
posed share in the History of Ely Cathedral.
"I am sorry you did not see Mr. Gray on his return. You
would have been much pleased with him. Setting aside his merit
as a poet, which, however, in my opinion, is greater than any of
his contemporaries can boast, in this or any other nation, I found
him possessed of the most exact taste, the soundest judgment,
and most extensive learning."-DR. BEATTIE: Letter to a Friend.
"What has occurred to me from the slight inspection of his
Letters in which my undertaking has engaged me is, that his mind
had a large grasp; that his curiosity was unlimited and his judg
ment cultivated; that he was a man likely to love much where he
loved at all, but that he was fastidious and hard to please. His
contempt, however, is often employed, where I hope it will be ap-
proved, upon scepticism and infidelity.... He has a kind of strut-
ting dignity, and is tall by walking on tiptoe. His art and his
struggle are too visible, and there is too little appearance of ease
and nature.
him, of great learning and great industry, could not but produce
To say that he has no beauties would be unjust: a man like
something valuable. When he pleases least, it can only be said
that a good design was ill directed. His translations of Northern
and Welsh Poetry deserve praise; the imagery is preserved. per-
haps often improved; but the language is unlike the language of
other poets.”—DR. JOHNSON: Life of Gray.
The "fastidiousness" and effeminacy of the poet would
appear to have formed prominent points in his character:
There is no character without some speck. some imperfection;
and I think the greatest defect in his was an affectation in delicacy,
or rather effeminacy, and a visible fastidiousness. or contempt and
disdain of his inferiors in science."-REV. WILLIAM TEMPLE: Letter
to James Boswell.
..
"His faculties were endowed with uncommon strength; he
thought with a manly nervousness; and he penetrated forcibly
into every subject which engaged his attention. But his petty
manners were disagreeably effeminate and fastidious: his habits
wanted courage and hardiness; and his temper and spirits were a
prey to feebleness, indolence, and trivial derangements. His heart
was pure; and his conduct, I firmly believe, stained with no crime.
He loved virtue for its own sake, and felt a just and never-slack-
ened indignation at vice. But the little irritations of his daily
temper were too much affected by trifles; he loved to assume the
character of the fine gentleman,—a mean and odious ambition in
Ie
any one, but scarcely to be forgiven in a man of genius!
would shrug his shoulders and distort his voice into fastidious
tones, and take upon himself the airs of what folly is pleased to
call high company.”—SIR S. EGERTON BRYDGES: Traits in the Literary
Character of Gray the Poet: Cens. Lit., ed. 1815, viii. 216–221, q. v.
But Mason remarks in Gray's defence that his effemi-
nacy was affected most
"Before those whom he did not wish to please; and that he is
unjustly charged with making knowledge his sole reason of pre-,
ference, as he paid his esteem to none whom he did not likewise
believe to be good.”
"There has always appeared to me an effort and elaboration in
Gray's compositions very remote from the general spirit of poetical
effusion. They are exquisite pieces of mosaic, curiously wrought,
of the rarest precious gems; but in which we vainly look for the
bold design. free handling, and glowing excellencies of a great
painter.”—GREEN: Diary of a Lover of Lil.
As regards the success of Gray in his efforts to imitate
the poetry of the classical age, there can be but little room
for debate: that this success has been unduly exaggerated
is no matter of surprise. Indiscriminate culogy is treason
to the object of our adoration; and had Gray's friends
been less fervid Dr. Johnson had been less frigid.
Mason could not well have said more when he announced,
as a dictum of undoubted truth,
"No more the Grecian Muse unrivall'd reigns;
To Britain let the nations homage pay:
She boasts a Homer's fire in Milton's strains,
A Pindar's rapture in the Lyre of Gray.”
Perhaps there will be thought to be something of ex»g.
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geration in the glowing eulogy of an eminent authority of
our own day:
“Gray, whose burning thoughts had been condensed in words
of more than classic beauty."-SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON: Hist. of
Europe,
12. Poetical Works, Glasg., 1787, fol. 13. The Travel-
ler's Companion in a Tour through England and Wales,
Lon., 1787, 12ino. Supp., 1787, 12mo. New ed., 1799,
12mo. This catalogue was originally written by Gray on
the blank leaves of Kitchin's English Atlas. 14. Poems,
Certain it is that, notwithstanding the vehement protests Parma, 1793, 4to. Printed by Bodini. 200 copies. Largo
of Gray's modern admirers, the reputation of their favour-paper, 100 copies. 15. Poems, 1800, 8vo. 16. English and
ite's Pindaric Odes received a fatal blow on the day when Latin Poems, with Critical Notes and a Life of the Author,
Johnson's Lives of the English Poets were given to the &c. by the Rev. John Mitford, Lon., 1814, 8vo; 1816, 2
world. To quote the words of a modern critic of great vols. 4to. Also pub. in 2 vols. 8vo.
taste and refinement,
|
Probably some modern Akenside, devoted to the worship
of the ancients, would write on the margin of this dictum,
dele "more than."
"The Lyrical crown of Gray was swept away at one fell swoop by
the ruthless arm of Dr. Johnson. That the Doctor's celebrated
critique was unduly severe must be admitted; but the stern cen-
sor had truth on his side, nevertheless. There is more of Art than
Nature in Gray; more of recollection than invention; more of
acquirement than genius. If I may use a colloquial illustration,
I should say that the marks of the tool are too evident on all that
he does."-Neele's Lectures on English Portry.
Lord Jeffrey, in a review of Weber's edition of Ford's
Works,-see our biography of FORD,-remarks:
"After Young there was a plentiful lack of poetical talent. down
to a period comparatively recent. Akenside and Gray, indeed, in
the interval, discovered a new way of imitating the antients: and
Collins and Goldsmith produced some small specimens of exquisite
and original poetry."-Edin. Rev.. xviii. 282.
But it was not alone the poets of classical antiquity
which engaged the studious attention of Gray. Philoso-
phy, also, had its claims acknowledged by him.
ments on Plato elicited the ardent admiration of
scholar than Dr. Parr:
His com-
no less a
"When I read the poet Gray's observations on Plato. published
by Mr. Mathias, my first impulse was to exclaim, Why did not
I write this? Gray alone possesses the merit of avoiding the
errors into which other commentators have fallen; there are no
fine-spun observations-no metaphysical absurdities—in Gray."-
Field's Life of Purr.
But we must not further lengthen a long article. It is
time that we had noticed some of the editions of an author
who has now not unpleasantly, we trust-so long engaged
the attention of our reader.
•
1. Ode to Eton College, Lon., 1747, fol. 2. Elegy written
in a Country Church-yard, 1751. The translations of this
Elegy into other languages have already been considered
at length. Of the many beautiful illustrated edits. we
may be permitted to notice that of Van Voorst, of London,
with 33 Illustrations, 1839, Svo; (Mr. Van V. has also pub.-
in 1837, Svo—an edit. of The Bard, with Illustrations from
drawings by the Hon. Mrs. J. Talbot;) the edit. illustrated
by the London Etching Club, 1847, fol.; the one illumi-
nated by Owen Jones, 1846, r. Svo; and the edit. illustrated
by Birket Foster and others, 1853, cr. Svo; 2d ed., 1854.
3. Poems, with designs by R. Bentley, 1753, r. 4to. These
designs were executed at the suggestion of Horace Wal-❘
pole, by his friend Richard Bentley: see the name in this
Dictionary. Gray repaid the compliment by his Stanzas
to Mr. Bentley. 4. Odes. Printed at Strawberry Hill,
1757, 4to. 1000 copies. 5. Poems, Lon., 1768, 12mo.
6. Ode at the Installation of the Duke of Grafton, Cam-
bridge, 1769, 4to. 7. Poems, Dubl., 1771, 4to. This beau-
tiful edit. was
"Published to remove the reproaches which Ireland has long
laboured under for bad printing."-Thomas Ewing's (the printer)
dedication to the Rt. Hon. Sam. Oliver, Esq.
S. Poems, with Memoirs of his Life and Writings, by
W. Mason, York, 1775, 4to; 1778, 4 vols. cr. Svo; Lon.,
1789, 4to. Also pub. in 2 vols. Svo, 2 vols. p. Svo, and
dazzled by Dr. Johnson's bright and diffusive powers of under-
standing, we may turn for relief to his criticisms on Gray, bis
Prayers, and Meditations.""-Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit.
1807, 2 vols. 12mo.
"Reluctant indeed should I be to dismiss these pages to the
world without not only the mention. but the strong recommen-
dation, of Mason's Life of Gray, 1775, 4to, with a portrait of that
eminent poet prefixed. I should rather perhaps call this book
Gray's Memoir of Himself, as the biography is composed chiefly of
the poet's own letters.... The neatest and best edition of Mason
is that printed in 1778, at York, in 4 vols. crown Svo, worth about
24s.; but of all the portraits of Gray. I consider that prefixed to
the quarto as decidedly the best.”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
The taste, the zeal, the congenial spirit of Mr. Mason certainly
produced, though with some faults, arising principally from want
of erudition, one of the most elegant and classical volumes in the
English language.”—Lon. Quar. Rev., xi. 304.
9. Poems, 1775, fol. 10. Latin Odes in
10. Latin Odes in English Verse,
&c., 1776, 4to. 11. Poetical Works, with Notes by Gilbert
Wakefield, 1786, Svo.
"Looked through Wakefield's Notes on Gray's Poems. His style
is wonderfully luxuriant, and he seems perfectly to enter into and
feel the spirit of the poet whom he criticises. The fertility too
with which he discovers similitudes is marvellous; but if Johnson
& penurious in his praise of Gray, Gilbert Wakefield. I think, is
lavish.... Against Johnson, Wakefield is severe, even to virulence;
and there is a sentiment at the close of the annotations on the Bard,
at which I revolt with disgust: If at any time we feel ourselves
"From the Advertisement. p. 40. the reader is informed of the
chief causes which render this edition so desirable to a genuine
lover of Gray's high intellectual character: the great importance
however which the editor attaches to this volume is, that it enables
the public for the first time to read the genuine and uncorrupted
correspondence of Gray, exactly in his own language and printed
from his own Manuscripts.”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
Of Mitford's edit., and edits. with Mitford's Life, there
have been several issues, 1816, 2 vols. 4to; also pub. in 2
vols. 8vo; illustrated and edited, with introductory stanzas,
by John Moultrie, Eton, 1815, Svo; 2d ed., 1847, Svo; 3d
ed., 1851, Svo; 4th ed., 1853, Svo. Pickering's edit., 1835-
43, 5 vols. fp. Svo. A list of contents will be found at the
end of this article. 17. Works, with Extracts, Philological,
This edit. contains the Poems, Letters, and the Memoirs
Poetical, and Critical, by T. J. Mathias, 1814, 2 vols. r. 4to.
by Wm. Mason.
"A magnificent edition of Gray's Works, which derives so large
a share of its value from the taste, learning, sagacity, and moral
principles of an editor peculiarly qualified to do justice to the
merits of such a scholar and such a poet as Mr. Gray.”—Dr. Purr's
Will.
"Of the qualifications which pointed out Mr. Mathias as the
editor of the present Extracts, Philological. Poetical, and Critical,
it is impossible to think or speak otherwise than with sincere
respect. His spirit is congenial with that of his author. his admi-
ration, though he professes nunquam vidisse Virgilium, not in-
ferior to that of personal friendship."—Lon. Quar. Rev., xi. 304–
318, q. v.
"As a poet. the warmest of Mr. Gray's admirers may safely trust
him with Fate; viewing him as an amiable and irreproachable pri-
vate character, we may be contented to take his portrait sketched
by the hand of friendship in Mr. Mason's account of him; but. for
a delineation of him with all the mastery of talent, not only as a
prodigy of learning but as that most exalted character, a Platonist
made perfect by Revelation, the world is indebted to Mr. Mathias.”
Lon. Month. Rev., lxxviii. 384-387, q. v.
Dr. Dibdin does not speak so enthusiastically of this
edition:
·
"The more recent edition of the works of Gray, by Mr. Mathias,
in two widely-spread quartos, (concerning which read the Quarterly
Review, vol. xi., p. 304.) sunk with the weight of lead upon the
market. Huge as is the ordinary size of these tomes-and little
calculated as were the works of Gray for such a ponderous super-
structure-there are yet LARGE PAPER COPIES!! at a price which at
first appalled the timid, and startled the rich. [£12 12s.: the copies
of the ordinary size' were pub. at £7 7s.] The prices. however,
both of the small and large paper, are materially abated (in 1824-
25] ... and I prophesy... but—hence,' Mávri xaxwv!—methinks
I hear one of the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press ex-
claim. Yet, note well: An edition of the Pursuits of Literature was
struck off, on paper of the same size. in both forms; as if Thomas
James Mathias had been the principal author of this latter work!
What will be the verdict of posterity?"-Lib. Comp.
The "verdict of posterity" is no secret. 18. Letters, edited
by Rev. J. Mitford, Svo. 19. Criticisms on Gray's Elegy,
Svo. 20. Life of Gray, by Mason, 24mo. 21. Poems. 32mo.
22. Poems, with Memoir by Mitford, 24mo. 23. Poems,
with Westall's Designs, 16mo. 24. Addit. Notes to the
Corresp. of Gray and Mann, 1855, Svo. The edit. of Gray's
Poems pub. by Mr. H. C. Baird, Phila., 1850, sm. Svo, already
referred to, and that pub. by Messrs. Little. Brown & Co.,
Boston, 1854, 18mo, deserve warm commendation. We pro-
mised to give a list of the contents of Pickering's edit. of
Gray's Works, edited by Mitford, Lon., 1835, '43, fp. Svo.
Vol. I. Life by Mitford; Poems. II. Essay on the Poetry
of Gray; Letters. III. Letters. IV. Letters: Journal of
Tour in Italy. V. Mathias's Letter on the death of
Nicholls; Reminiscences of Gray, by Nicholls; Correspond-
ence of Gray with Nicholls; Correspondence of Brown
and Nicholls relative to Gray; Letters of Nicholls; Notes
by Mitford; Gray's Notes on Walpole's Lives of the
Painters; Extracts from a poem on the letters of the alpha-
bet; Observations on English Metre, Pseudo-Rhythm, Use
of Rhyme, and on the Poems of Lydgate.
Gray, Walter. Almanacke, Lon., 1587, Svo.
Gray, Walter. Expedition to Scheldt, 1810.
Gray, Rev. Wm. On Confirmation, Lon., 1848, 12mo.
Gray, Wm. Survey of Newcastle, &c., Lon., 1649, 4to.
Gray, Wm. Sketch of the
Sketch of the Original English Prose
Literature, Oxf., 1835, Svo.
729
•
GRA
GRE
Gray, Wm., and Dochard. Voyage of Discovery | poser, contributed a paper on measuring mountains by
'n Africa, 1818-21, Lon., Svo.
the barometer, to Phil. Trans., pub. a composition on
Psalm Tunes, &c., and left some MS. papers on chemistry
and botany. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Sept. 1831.
Greatrakes, Valentine, b. 1628, a noted empiric,
Graydon, Alexander, 1752-1818, a native of Bris-
tol, Pennsylvania, a soldier in the Revolutionary War,
was the author of Memoirs of a Life chiefly passed in
Pennsylvania, within the last Sixty Years; with Occa-pub. Account of his great and strange Cures, in a Letter
sional Remarks upon the General Occurrences, Character, from himself to the Hon. Robt. Boyle, Esq., Lon., 1666,
and Spirit of that Eventful Period, Harrisburg, 1811. 4to. See Biog. Brit., in art. Stubbe; Harris's Ware's Hist.
Reprinted in London. This vol. was repub. in Edinburgh, of Ireland; Account, &c., 1666.
1822, by John Galt, with a dedication to Richard Rush,
Esq., American Minister at London. Mr. Galt remarks
in his dedication that
Greaves, Sir Edward, M.D., d. 1680, a native of
Surrey, physician-in-ordinary to K. Charles II., was a
brother of John Greaves. 1. Morbus Epidemicus ann.
1643, Oxf., 1643, 4to. 2. Oratio, &c., Lon., 1667, 4to.
Greaves, John, 1602–1652, brother to the preceding,
an eminent mathematician and antiquary, a native of Col-
more, near Alresford, in Hampshire, educated at Balliol
Coll., Oxf., became Geometry Lecturer in Gresham Coll.,
and subsequently Savilian Prof. of Astronomy at Oxford.
His best-known works are-1. Pyramidologia; or, a De-
scription of the Pyramids of Egypt, Lon., 1646, Svo. In
French, 1663, fol.; and see Churchill's Voyages, ii. 689,
1708. 2. A Discourse on the Roman Fort and Denarius,
Lon., 1647, Svo; and see Churchill's Voyages, ii. 737,
1708. 3. Elementa Linguæ Persicæ, 1649, 4to. 4. Miscel-
laneous Works: with Hist. and Crit. Account of his Life
and Writings, 1737, 2 vols. 8vo.
"It is remarkable that a production so rich in the various ex-
cellencies of style, description, and impartiality, should not have
been known in this country, especially as it is perhaps the best
personal narrative which has yet appeared relative to the history
of that great conflict which terminated in establishing the inde
pendence of the United States."
The London Quarterly Review gives an amusing re-
view of this work, and, referring to Mr. Galt's eulogy,
remarks:
"He now appears as the editor and eulogist of these Memoirs,
which-notwithstanding his high and solemn praise, both of their
matter and manner-we venture to pronounce to be in matter
almost worthless, and in mauner wholly contemptible.... We
scarcely remember to have met with an emptier pretender to
literature, or a grosser apostate in politics. . We can honestly
assure Mr. Galt-without overrating his talents and taste in the
least that he is himself capable of adding a thousand times
more lustre to the English language than the author of such an
absurd farrago as he has here thought proper to reprint."-xxvi.
364-374.
A new ed. of this work, rearranged, with biographical
and historical notes, and an index, was pub. by Mr. John
Stockton Littell, of Germantown, in 1846, Phila., Svo.
pp. 504.
•
Mr. Graydon was a contributor to the literary and poli-
tical journals of the day. A number of his essays, very
popular at the time, will be found in the Phila. Portfolio,
under the title of Notes of a Desultory Reader. In these
papers he communicates to the public his opinions respect-
ing his favourite authors.
Graydon, Rev. George. Fish; Trans. Irish Acad.,
1794.
Graydon, Wm., of Pennsylvania. 1. Digest of the
Laws of the U. States, &c., Harrisburg, 1803, Svo; Lon.,
1803, Svo; Appendix, Harrisburg, 1813, 8vo. 2. Justice
and Constable's Assist., Phila., 1820, Svo. 3. Forms of
Conveyancing, and of Practice in the various Courts and
Public Offices. New ed., by Robert E. Wright, 1845, 8vo.
Fourth ed.
*
The previous editions have been for the last forty years the
ready and constant guide-book of the professional man as well as
of the citizen, in all cases in which a safe and convenient Form-
Book was needed; and it is only necessary to remark that the
labours of Mr. Wright, in bringing it down to the present period,
have been faithfully and jud.ciously executed."-FRED. C.
BRIGHTLY.
"We are glad to see this favourite book in a new and much,
improved edition.”—Amer. Law Reg., Jan. 1853.
Grayhurst, Thomas, supposed to be a fictitious
name. Remarks rel. to the Trial of Lord Grosvenor,
Lon., 1770, 8vo.
Grayson, E. Standish the Puritan, N. York, 1850,
12mo. 2. Overing; or, the Heir of Wycherly, 1852, 12mo.
Grayson, P. W.
P. W. Vice Unmasked, an Essay; being
a consideration of the Influence of Law upon the Moral
Essence of Man, &c., N. York, 1830, Svo.
Grayson, Wm. J., b. 1788, in Beaufort, S. Caro-
lina, has been a member of the U. States Congress, and
held many important public posts. 1. Letter to Gover-
nor Seabrook. This is against disunion of the U. States.
2. The Hireling and the Slave; a didactic poem, 1854. In
this poem we find a comparison drawn between the con-
dition of the negro slave and the pauper labourer of
Europe. Mr. G. displays poetical powers of no ordinary
stamp.
Graystands, Robert de. See Wharton's Anglia
Sacra, i. 689.
Greated, Timothy. Essay on Friendship, Lon.,
1726, 8vo.
Greathead, Henry. Invention, &c. of the Life-
Boat, Lon., 1804, Svo.
Greatheed, Bertie, d. 1804, an amateur artist, was
one of the contributors to the Florence Miscellany
culed by Win. Gifford (q. v.) in his Baviad. Gifford styles
Greatheed the "deep-mouthed Theban." 1. Essay on the
Right of Conquest, Florence, 1783, 4to. 2. The Regent;
a Tragedy, Lon., 1788, 8vo.
"
· He was a person in great value, and much respected by learned
men, particularly by Selden, who, had our author lived, would
have left to him part of his wealth.”—Athen. Oxon.
But see Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 108.
Hampshire, commenced life as a printer, and was em-
Greeley, Horace, b. Feb. 3, 1811, at Amherst, New
ployed in this capacity in several New York establish-
As a journalist his name has been connected with
sonian," "The Log Cabin," and (commenced in 1841)
"The Constitution," "The New Yorker," "The Jeffer-
ments.
"The Tribune." In 1848 he was elected to the United
States Congress. For particulars of his life, sce The Life
of Horace Greeley, by James Parton, N. York, 1855, 12mo.
"This book is singularly well written; and its mingling of
private incidents with public history is so managed that its popu
larity will not be transient.... Recommending the Life of Mr.
Greeley to general attention, we have to speak in particular com.
lected his materials and wrought them up. The book did not
mendation of the admirable style in which the author has col-
reveal to us the power of Horace Greeley. We knew that before.
But we did not know the power in research, in mastery of the
English language, and in strong good sense, of Mr. l'arton, who is
its author."-N. Amer. Rev., 1xxx. 545–548, 7. v.
But a critic in Blackw. Mag. for March, 1856, does not
appear to admire either Mr. Greeley or the labours of his
ridi-biographer, and declares, with respect to the latter, that
Any man would accept his chance against a Kentucky rifle
sooner than a biography at the hands of Mr. J. Parton."-Bio-
graphy gone Mad; un supra.
1. Hints towards Reforms, N. York, 1851, 12mo. This
vol. consists of addresses, &c. 2. Glances at Europe
from Great Britain, France, Italy, Switzerland, &c.
during the Summer of 1851. Originally pub. in the Tri-
Greatheed, Samuel. Serms, 1800, '08, both 8vo.
Greatorex, Thomas, 1758-1831, a musical com-
See Smith's Vita quorundam erudit. virorum; Athen.
Oxon.; Gen. Dict.; Biog. Brit.; Usher's Life and Letters;
Life by Dr. Birch; Ward's Gresham Professors.
Greaves, John. Essays for Sabbath Reading. New
ed., Lon., 1848, 12mo.
6
Cannot easily be read without profit at any time."-Lon. Wes
ley Method. Mug.
Greaves, Jonathan. Philosophic Mouse: Philos.
Subjects for the young, Lon., 1815, Svo.
Greaves, Thomas. Songs of Sundrie Kindes, 1604.
Greaves, Thomas, D.D., d. 1676, brother to John
Greaves, Preb. of Peterborough, and Rector of Benefield.
1. De Linguæ Arabicæ, &c., Oxf., 1637, 4to. 2. Observa-
tiones in Persicam Pentateuchi Versionem, &c.
Vide
Bib. Polyglot., tom. vi. Also trans. into Latin by Samuel
Clarke.
"Ile was a man of great learning."-Athen. Oxon.
See references appended to GREAVES, JOHN.
Greaves, Thomas. Serins., Lon., 1763, '64.
Greaves, Rev. Thomas Berkeley. The Wilder-
ness; or, Prolusions in Verse, 1811, 12mo.
Greaves, Wm. Treatise on Natural and Practical
Agriculture, Lon., 1804, Svo.
the
the already-existing practice.
Many remarks are sensible and correct, but added nothing to
already-existing practice.”—Donaldson's Agricull. Biog.
Grebner, Ezek. Visions and Prophecies concerning
Scotland, England, and Ireland, Lon., 1660, '61, 12mo.
Grece, Charles F. 1. Essays on Husbandry, ad-
dressed to the Canadian Farmers.
2. Facts, &c. resp.
Canada and the U. States, Lon., 1819, Svo.
66
Evidently the production of a plain, sensible, practical man."
-Lon. Quar. Rev.
730
GRE
GRE
June. 3. Art and Industry as represented in the Exbibi- | rary career by poetical contributions (1830-35) to the
tion of the Crystal Palace, New York, 1853-54. Edited periodicals of the day. Her first vol. was Memoirs of
by H. G., 1853, 12mo. Originally pub. in the Tribune. Eleanor Elbridge, a coloured woman, of which more than
4. Association Discussed by H. Greeley and H. J. Ray- | 30,000 copies were sold. She has since pub. The Me-
mond, 1847, 8vo. 5. History of the Struggle for Slavery Ex-chanic, 1841; Might and Right, an account of the Dorr
tension or Restriction in the U.S. from 1787 to 1856, N.Y., Insurrection, 1844; Nanuntenoo, a Legend of the Narra-
1856, 8vo; several edits.
gansetts, in six cantos, of which the first three were pub.
in Phila. in 1848; Analytical Class-Book of Botany, 1855.
She has also contributed largely to "Reform periodicals,"
(in 1848) The Young People's Journal of Science, Litera-
and for some time (in 1842) edited The Wampanoag and
ture, and Art. See Griswold's Female Poets of America.
Green, Francis, of Boston, Mass., d. 1809, aged 67,
pub. a dissertation on the art of imparting speech to the
deaf and dumb, (1783;) essays on the same subject in the
newspapers; and trans. the letters of the Abbé l'Epée.
Green, G. Dissertatio de Regno Magnæ Britannia,
Witteb.. 1667, 4to.
Green, Henry W., LL.D., Chief-Justice of New Jer-
sey. Reports of Cases in Ct. of Chancery of N. Jersey,
Elizabethtown, 1842-46, 2 vols. 8vo.
Green, Horace, M.D., LL.D., b. Dec. 24, 1802, in
Rutland county, Vermont; President of the Faculty and
Emeritus Prof. of Theory and Practice of Medicine in the
N. York Med. Coll.; Corresp. Mem. Lon. Med. Society, &c.
1. Treatise on Diseases of the Air-Passages, N. York, 1846,
870. This excellent work has reached the 3d edit.
"With a shrewd, clear intellect, an astonishingly vigorous style,
and a heart easily wrought up to that degree of passion necessary
to the production of the best kind of writing. he fears not the
quill of any man living."-Life of Horace Greeley. in Modern Agi
tators. by D. W. Bartlett, N. York, 1855, 12mo. q. v.
"His writings embrace every variety of style-classic beauty,
exquisite poetry, graphic description, vapid commonplace, the full
seniblage of originality, the moon in the mist, and the ignis jutuus
light of whimsical nonsense. His widely-circulated journal
contains good specimens of acute wit, critical reasoning, solid
argument, brilliant invective, profound philosophy, beautiful
poetry, and moving eloquence, mixed with the opposite of these.
He is the great recording secretary of this Continent, em-
ployed by the masses to take notes and print them."—Life of
Horace Greeley, in Off-Hund Takings, by G. W. Bungay, N. York,
1854, 12mo, q.v.
•
•
•
See also Putnam's Mag. for July, 1855.
Green.
See also GREENE.
Green. General Collection of Voyages and Travels,
Lon., 1745, 4 vols. 4to.
Green. Examination of Godwin's Political Justice,
&c., Lon., 1798, 8vo.
Green, Andrew. 1. Essay on the State of the Jews,
1800. 2. Impolicy of the Laws of Usury, 1812, Svo.
Green, Ashbel, V.D.M., 1762-1848, a native of
Hanover, New Jersey, served for some time in the Revo-
lutionary army, and afterwards taught school; graduated
at Princeton College in 1783; Prof. of Mathematics and
natural philosophy in the college, 1785-87; ordained
in 1787; chaplain to Congress, 1782-1800; President of
Princeton College, 1812-22. For particulars respecting
the ministerial and official career of this excellent man,
the reader is referred to the Life of Ashbel Green, V.D.M.
Begun to be written by himself in his eighty-second year,
and continued to his eighty-fourth. Prepared for the
Press, at the Author's request, by Joseph H. Jones, Pastor
of the Sixth Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia. N.
York, 1849, 870, pp. 628. Dr. Green pub. ten occasional
Sermons, 1790–1836; six Addresses, Reports, &c., 1793-
1836; Hist. of Presbyterian Missions, 1 vol.; Lectures on
the Shorter Catechism, 2 vols. 12mo; Discourses on the
College of New Jersey, together with a History of the
College, 1822; a large proportion of the contents of The
Christian Advocate, 12 vols., Phila., 1822-34.
"The character of his mind is impressed on his writings. Ilis
lectures on the Shorter Catechism, the sermon on the union of
science and religion, which he prepared and published while Pre-
sident of the College of New Jersey, and the Christian Advocate,
a religious periodical. which he for a number of years conducted
with so much ability and usefulness, will long remain clear proofs
that he possessed a mind of high order.”—REV. J. J. JANIWAY, D.D.
"On the whole, I esteem him as among the ripest scholars, the
most able divines, the most useful men, which our country has
produced. His name will be more closely connected with the his
tory and progress of the Presbyterian Church, one hundred years
hence, than that of any of his predecessors. He well deserves a
name and a place among The Lights of the American Pulpit.—
REV. N. MURRAY, D.D. See conclusion of this article.
·
"We always read his writings with approbation of the just
sentiments and the vigorous thinking which they indicate: but
sometimes feeling as if the writer would have attained a still
more spirited and nervous style if he had been less painfully
scrupulous in weighing every sentence which he penned in the
scales of the strictest historical verity.”—REV. SAMUEL MILLER. D.D.
"As a writer, his style is not unlike that of his model, Dr.
Witherspoon, remarkably perspicuous, showing a clear percep
tion of his subject; it is chaste, wholly free from all that is quaint,
affected, foreign and barbarous. The grand quality of Dr. Green's
style may be said to have been strength; by means of which,
even when the thought was familiar, it was carried to the mind
with unusual condensation and force. His Lectures on the
Shorter Catechism are probably the most useful and generally
popular of all his instructive works."-REV. JOSEPH II. JONES,
D.D.: Life of Dr. Green, to which we are indebted for the preceding
extracts.
1
Green, B. Examples in Drawing, 1796.
Green, Charles. Astronomical Observations; Phil.
Trans., 1771.
Green, Edward. 1. The Spirit of the Bankrupt
Laws, 4th ed., with Precedents, Lon., 1780, Svo. 2. Observa-
tions on the Drama, 1803, Svo.
Green, or Greene, Edward Barnaby, d. 1788,
trans. Anacreon, Apollonius Rhodius, and portions of
Pindar; paraphrased Persius; pub. two odes, and Strictures
relative to the Rowley Poems, Critical Essays, and Poeti-
cal Essays, 1770-84.
Green, Frances Harriet, formerly Miss Whipple,
a native of Smithfield, Rhode Island, commenced her lite-
..
The author has made a most valuable addition to practical
medicine. We have adopted the mode of treatment recom-
mended by him, and corroborate his statements as to its great
value.”—Brit, and. Fır. Med. Rev.
••
2. Pathology and Treatment of the Croup, 1849, 12mo.
3. On the Surgical Treatment of the Polypi of the Larynx,
and the Edema of the Glottis.
Dr. Green has won very marked distinction in the profession,
by his bold, novel. and highly-successful treatment of diseases
of the air-tubes, which had very generally been deemed incurable;
and his skill and experience in this particular department of
surgery probably qualifies him to treat the subject with more
knowledge and confidence than any other writer on this side the
Atlantic."
4. In 1856, Dr. Green pub. a Report, with a Statistical
Table, of 106 Cases of Pulmonary Diseases treated by In-
jections into the Bronchial Tubes with a Solution of Nitrate
of Silver.
|
"I have only to say that I have confirmed the statenients made
by Dr. Horace Green: I have introduced the catheter publicly in
the clinical wards of the Royal Infirmary, in seven patients. I think
it important that these facts should be known to the profession, as
a homage justly due to the talents of a distinguished transatlantic
physician, and with a view of recommending a practice which, if
judiciously employed, may form a new era in the treatment of pul-
monary disease."-PROF. J. H. BENNETT: Edin. Med. Jour.
5. Selections from the Favorite Prescriptions of Living
American Practitioners, N.Y., 1858.
Dr. G. has contributed a number of papers to the Lon-
don Lancet, the American Medical Monthly, Silliman's
Journal, and the New York Journal of Medicine.
Green, J. A Refutation of the Apology for Actors,
Lon.. 1615.
Green, J. Privileges of the Lord Mayor, &c., 1709, '22.
2. A
Green, J. 1. Spelling Book, Lon., 1721, 12mo.
Chart of N. and S. America, &c., 1753, fol. 3. Remarks
in support of the above Chart, 1753, 4to.
Green, James. Golden Numbers; rel. to Easter,
Lon., 1755, Svo.
Green, James, Lieut., R.N. 1. Critical Essays,
Lon., 1770. Svo. 2. Hist. Essay on Govts., Edin., 1793,
Svo. 3. British Constitution.
Green, James S. Reports of Cases Supreme Ct. N.
Jersey, 1831-36. Trenton, 1833-38, 3 vols. 8vo.
Green, J. H., the Reformed Gambler. 1. Gambling
Exposed, Phila., 12mo. 2. The Gambler's Life. 3. Secret
Band of Brothers. 4. The Reformed Gambler; an Auto-
biography: new eds., 1858.
Discourses, 1711, Svo.
Green, John, Curate of Thurnscoe, Yorkshire. 1. Nine
2. Serm., 1711, Svo. 3. Grace and
Truth, &c., 1752-62, Svo. 4. Serm., 1763, Svo.
Green, John. 1. Journey from Aleppo to Damascus
in 1725, Lon., 1736, Svo. 2. Collec. of Voyages and Tra-
vels, 1745–47, 4 vols. 4to. A collection of great value, and
the original of the Abbé Prevost's Collection. See Cens.
Lit., 411, 412; 2d ed., 1815.
Green, John. A con. on nat. philos. to Phil. Trans.,
1739.
Green, John, D.D., 1706-1779, a native of Beverley,
Yorkshire, was a sizar, and became (in 1730) a Fellow, of
St. John's Coll., Camb.; Regius Prof. of Divinity, 1748;
Master of Bene't Coll., 1750; Dean of Lincoln, 1756;
Bishop of Lincoln, 1761; Canon Residentiary of St. Paul's,
731
GRE
GRE
1771. He pub. ten occasional serms., 1749-73; The Aca-
demic, 1750; and was one of the authors of the Athenian
Letters, pub. by Philip Yorke, Earl of Hardwicke: best
ed., 1798, 2 vols. 4to. See Chalmers's Biog. Dict., and
authorities there cited.
Green, John, Curate of St. Saviour's, Southwark.
1. Serm.. Lon., 1757, 4to. 2. Nine Serms., 1758, Svo.
3. Eight Serms., 1758, Svo. 4. Serm., 1759.
Green, John. Serm., 1764, 4to.
Green, John Richards, i. e., John Gifford, q. v.
Green, Joseph, 1706-1780, a native of Boston, Mass.,
graduated at Harvard in 1726, and subsequently became a
distiller. He was a man of great wit, and wrote a number
of satirical poems, &c., among the best-known of which
are Entertainment for A Winter's Evening; a burlesque
on a Psalm of Mather Byles; The Land-Bank; Account
of the celebration of St. John; and A Mournful Lamenta-
tion for the Death of Old Mr. Tenor. His political pieces
His political pieces
were in favour of the principles of freedom. An interest-
ing account of Green will be found in Duyckincks' Cyc.
of Amer. Lit.
Green, Mrs. Mary Anne Everett. 1. Letters of
Royal and Illust. Ladies of G. Britain, now first pub., with
Hist. Notices, Lon., 1846, 3 vols. p. Svo. 2. Lives of the
Princesses of England, 1849-55, 6 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1857.
"In closing this last review of the work. we cannot finally part
from Mrs. Green without again bearing our testimony to the care-
ful research and diligent examination of authorities which each
volume displays. Along the line of six hundred years much inci-
dental light has been thrown, not only on English but on Conti-
nental history; and as a valuable contribution towards both we
recommend these volumes.”—Lon. Athenæum, 1855. 549–551.
•
As a companion to Miss Strickland's Memoirs of the English
Queens, this work may claim a similarly wide audience, and help
to popularize historical tastes."-Lon. Examiner.
3. Letters of Queen Henrietta Maria, 1857, p. Svo. 4.
Calendar of State Papers. 4 vols., 1858-59. See Lon. Athen.,
1858, Pt. 1, 457, Pt. 2, 386; LEMON, ROBERT. Mrs. Green
has in preparation The Queens of the House of Brunswick.
Green, Matthew, 1697–1737, an officer in the London
Custom-House, was noted for his wit and poetical abilities.
1. The Grotto, 1732, privately printed, afterwards inserted
in Dodsley's Collection, vol. v. 2. The Spleen; a Poem,
1737, Svo. Published by Glover, the author of Leonidas,
who had urged the author to its completion as it now
stands. It was subsequently pub. in Dodsley's Collection,
and also in the 2d ed. of Dr. Johnson's Poets. In 1796,
Svo, Cadell and Davies pub. The Spleen and other Poems,
with a Pref. Essay by Dr. Aikin. Green's Poetical Works
were pub. in 1854, by the Rev. R. A. Willmot, in the same
vol. with those of Gray, Parnell, Collins, and J. Warton.
See Lon. Athenæum, 1854: 1840; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1849,
Pt. 2, 468. Pope remarks that there is a great deal of
originality in The Spleen; and Gray, in his correspondence
with Horace Walpole, observes of Green's poems, then
pub. in Dodsley's Collection:
"There is a profusion of wit everywhere; reading would have
formed his judgment and harmonized his verse, for even his wood-
notes often break out into strains of real poetry and music." See
Johnson and Chalmers's Poets, 1810.
Hand-Drill for sowing Peas, Beans,
Green, or Greene, Thomas, D.D., Dean of Surum
Serm. on 1 Chron. xxix. 14, Lon., 1767, Svo.
Green, Thomas. An Ancient Urn; Trans. Irish
Acad., 1787.
Green, Thomas, Jr., of Liverpool. Miscell. Poetry,
Lon., 1809, 12mo.
On Under Draining Wet and Cold
Green, Thomas, 1769-1825, a native of Ipswich,
entered the Middle Temple, but devoted his time to travel
and literary research. He pub. a work on the theory of
Morals, and Extracts from the Diary of a Lover of Litern-
ture, Ipswich, 1810, 4to.
ture, Ipswich, 1810, 4to. After Mr. G.'s decease, further
extracts from the original MS. from which the above work
was printed were pub. in The Gentleman's Magazine, Jun.
1834, &c. Prefixed to the first extract will be found a
biographical account of the author. It is to be regretted
that the whole of the Diary was not given to the world.
Green, Valentine. 1. Polite Arts in France, Lon.,
1732, '83, 4to. 2. Survey of Worcester, Worces., 1764,
Svo. New ed., 1796, 2 vols. 4to. 3. Discovery of the
Body of K. John, Lon., 1797, 4to. 4. Cat. of Callot's
Works, 1804.
|
Green, W. Abyssus Mali; or, Corruption of Man's
Nature, 1676. Svo.
Very excellent."-Palmer's Nonconf., vol. li.
Green, W., and Penn, John. Moral and Religious
Essays, Lon., 1776, 2 vols. 12mo.
Green, Wm., d. 1794, Fellow of Clare Hall, Camb.;
Rector of Hardingham, Norfolk. 1. The Song of Deborah,
reduced to metre; with a new trans. and comment., with
Notes, Lon., 1753, 4to. 2. New Trans. of the Prayer of
Habakkuk, the Prayer of Moses, and the CXXXIX. Ps.,with
a Comment., &c., Camb., 1755, 4to. 3. New Trans. of the
Psalms from the Hebrew, with Notes, &c., Lon., 1763, Svo.
6.
Many of the Psalms are considerably improved in this version,
but as a whole, it is inferior to the next work of the author,
[Poetical Parts, &c.]”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
6.
Some judicious alterations in the version, and valuable criti-
cisms in the notes. . . . The language of the translation, though
correct. hath neither that force nor harmony which we find in the
common version of our Bibles.”—Lon. Month. Rev., O. S., xxviii. 267.
Green, Ralph. Porter-Brewer, &c., Lon., 1765, fol.
Green, Richard, D.D. Serm., 1745, 4to.
Green, Richard, D.D. Serm., 1756, 4to.
Green, Richard W. 1. Gradations in Algebra, Phil.,
12mo. 2. Key to do., 12mo. 3. Little Reckoner, 18mo.
4. Arithmetical Guide, 18mo.
Green, Robert. See GREENE.
Green, Robert.
&c.; Nic. Jour., 1804.
Green, Robert.
Lands, Lon., 1842, Svo.
This book has been very little noticed. though written on a
most important subject, as the title comprehends all the lands
that require to be drained.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Green, Rupert. The Secret Plot; a Tragedy, 1777,
12mo.
• Produced before he was nine years old.”—Biog. Dramat.
Green, S. Romances, history, &c., 1806-12.
Green, Samuel. Serms., Lon., 1786, Svo.
Green, Thomas. Serms., &c., 1750, '54, '58, all 12mo.
Green, or Greene, Thomas, 1658-1738, a native
of Norwich; Fellow of Bene't Coll., 1680; Vicar of Min-
ster, Thanet, 1695; Master of Bene't Coll., 1698; Arch-
deacon of Canterbury, 1708; Vicar of St. Martin's-in-the
Fields, Westminster, 1716; Bishop of Norwich, 1721;
trans, to Ely. 1723. Serms. and theolog. treatises, 1710,
'15, 16, 21, '23, '24, '26, '27, 34. His principal works are
upon the Lord's Supper, 1710; The Principles of Religion,
1726; and the Four Last Things, 1734.
Green, Thomas. On Enthusiasm,
On Enthusiasm, Lon., 1755, 8vo.
I
732
*
4. Poetical Parts of the O. Test., trans. from the Hebrew,
with Notes, Camb., 1781, 4to.
with Notes, Camb., 1781, 4to. In German, by J. F. Roos,
Gessæ, 1784.
These translations are. in general. very accurate and elegant
specimens of biblical interpretation. The notes are not numerous
or extensive. but discover much good taste and sound criticism."
-Orme's Bibl. Bib. And see the Lon. Month. Rev.. O. S.. lviii. 1-8.
Green also made trans. from Isaiab, 1776; Horace, 1777,
'83: Virgil, 1783; and Ovid, 1783.
Green, Wm. 1. Views on the Lakes, 180S-09, atlas
fol. 2. 78 Studies from Nature, Lon., 1809, '18, fol.; 60
do., 1810, 12mo. 3. Tourist's New Guide, Kendal, 1819, 2
vols. 8vo. The result of eighteen years' observations in
Ambleside, Keswick, &c.
"It has been the business of his life to study nature; and to
that business be brought great talents. intense perseverance, and
passionate enthusiasm. . . . In short, the great outline of the
land of the Lakes and Mountains is filled up with a precision, a
fulness, and an accuracy, no less wonderful than delightful."-
PROFESSOR JOHN WILSON,
Green, Wm. A Companion to the Countess of Hunt-
ingdon's Hymns, Lon., 1809, Svo.
Greenaway, Rev. Stephen, 1713-1795, a clergy-
man of the Ch. of Eng. A New Trans. of Ecclesiastes, &c.,
in 3 parts, Lon., 1787, Svo.
**
"A London bookseller, of whom I purchased this book in 1819,
assured me. that although he was one of the publishers, it was the
only complete copy he had ever seen.”—Colton's edit, of the Bible.q.v.
The author was no great Hebrew scholar, and a great adver-
sary to conjectural criticism; but the work deserves to be con-
sulted. both on Ecclesiastes and on a considerable number of other
passages of Scripture on which the writer offers remarks. He
speaks respectfully of Lowth and Kennicott, but is very much dio
pleased with Father Houbigant.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Greene. See also GREEN.
Greene, Albert G., b. in Providence, Rhode Island,
Feb. 10, 1802, was educated at Brown University, and on
leaving college became a member of the bar. Since 1834 he
has occupied a post under the city government of his native
place. He has contributed a number of poetical pieces to
periodicals, but never published a volume. Among his
best-known compositions are The Baron's Last Banquet,
Oh! Think not that the Bosom's Light, and Old Grimes.
Mr. G. has a valuable collection of American poetry, and
it is hoped that he will give the results of his researches
in this department to the public.
Comedy, Lon., 1663, 4to.
Greene, Alexander. The Politician Cheated; a
"Whether it was ever acted does not appear.”—Bing. Dramat.
Greene, Asa, d. 1837, a New England physician,
became a bookseller in New York, and for some time
edited The New York Evening Transcript. 1. The Life
GRE
GRE
and Adventures of Dr. Dodimus Duckworth, A.N.Q.; to
which is added the History of a Steam Doctor, N. York,
1833, 12mo. 2. The Perils of Pearl Street, 1834, 2 vols.
12ino. 3. The travels of Ex-Barber Fribbleton in Ame-Justice, Milledg., 1835, 8vo.
rica, 1835. 4. A Yankee among the Nullifiers, 1835.
5. A Glance at New York, 1837. 6. Debtor's Prison,
1837, 18mo. Mr. Greene possessed great humour, and
descriptive powers of no ordinary character.
Greene, Bartholomew. His Admonition to Re-
pentance and Amendment of Life, s. a., 8vo.
Greene, or Green, George. 1. Lower Normandy,
1789, 1800, &c., Lon., 1802-05, 8vo. 2. Journey from
London to St. Petersburg, 1813, 12mo.
Greene, George Washington, b. April 8, 1811, at
East Greenwich, Kent county, Rhode Island, is a son of
N. R. Greene, the son of the celebrated General Nathanael
Greene of the Revolutionary Army. The subject of this
notice was educated at Brown University, in which insti-
tution he subsequently became Instructor in Modern Lan-
guages. For many years he resided in Europe, chiefly in
Italy, and was from 1837 to '45 United States Consul to
Rome. Since 1852 he has resided in the city of New
York.
1. Life of General Greene, in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 2d
Series, x. 3, Bost., 1846. 2. Primary Lessons in French,
N. York, 1849, 18mo. 3. New ed. of Putz and Arnold's
Ancient Geography and Hist., 1849, 12mo. 4. Companion
to Ollendorff's French Grammar, 1850, 16mo. 5. Primary
Lessons in Italian, 18mo. 6. Historical Studies, composed
of Hist. and Crit. Essays, chiefly on Italian Subjects, 1850,
12mo. 7. Hist. and Geography of the Middle Ages, 1851,
12mo; with an atlas, Svo.
"As an introduction to the study of the Middle Ages, it is all
that can be desired; and as a manual of reference for advanced
students in history, and even for those who have traversed the
whole ground in detail, it cannot be otherwise than a most useful
book. For readers of every class, the usefulness of the book is
greatly increased by the felicitous and scholar-like manner in
which it is written."-N. Amer. Rev.. lxxiii. 271-273, q. v.
have the inclination, to enrich his native literature by transplant-
ing such beautiful exotics into it as the Tales from the German."
-WM. II. PRESCOTT: N. Amer. Kiev.. xlvi. 156-161, q. v.
Greene, R. A. and J. W. Lumpkin. The Georgia
Mr. G. devoted several years while in Europe to the his-
tory of Italy; but his studies were interrupted on bis return
home, and he has never resumed it. He is now engaged
in editing the papers of his grandfather, Gen. Greene, with
a new and elaborate life.
In addition to the works above enumerated, he has con-
tributed many papers on historical and critical subjects to
The North American Review, The Christian Review, The
Knickerbocker Magazine, Harper's Magazine, and Put-
nam's Magazine.
Greene, John. Serms., 1644, '47, both 4to.
Greene, John. Serm., 1713, Svo.
Greene, John.
Greene, John.
Greene, John.
Greene, John.
1755, '66, '72.
Greene, Joshua. Index to Cases in Admiralty, &c.,
Lon., 1818, Svo.
Serm., &c., 1723-28, all Svo.
Serm., 1737, Svo.
Beauty; a Poem, Lon., 1755, 4to.
Theolog. and Med. Treatises, Lon.,
8. Addison's Complete Works, the first complete edition
ever published,—including all of Bishop Hurd's edition,gon;
with numerous pieces now first collected, and copious notes,
by Prof. G. W. Greene. A new issue, in 6 vols. 12mo, with
Vignettes, &c., New York, 1854. See ADDISON, JOSEPH.
"This work is a inere compilation of the statutes of Georgia
relating to the duties of Justices of the Peace.”
Greene, R. W. The King v. O'Grady, Dubl., 1816,
'18, 8vo.
Artificial Cheltenham Water,
Greene, Richard.
Nichol. Jour., 1809.
Greene, Robert, 1560?-1592, an English poet and
miscellaneous writer, noted alike for his good advice and
bad example, was a native of Ipswich, and educated at
St. John's Coll., Camb. After leaving college he travelled
on the continent, and upon his return home is supposed
to have taken orders and received the living of Tollesbury
in Essex, June 19, 1584. He was a boon companion with
the dissipated wits of the day, deserted a lovely wife, lived
a profligate life, occasionally chequered with partial re-
pentance, and died of a surfeit of pickled herrings and
Rhenish wine. In his Groat's Worth of Wit bought with
a Million of Repentance, written not long before his death,
and other pieces of a similar character, be laments his
profligate career and exhorts his former companions to
forsake their evil ways. His works, which consist of
plays, poems, fictions, and tracts upon the manners of the
day, are very numerous.
Mr. Haslewood, in the Censura
Literaria, x. 288-300, gives a list of forty-five, to which
he adds five which have been ascribed to him; and Mr.
Octavius Gilchrist increases the catalogue (Cens. Lit., x.
380) by the names of three more. Further information
respecting his works will be found in the authorities cited
below. The following is a list of the contents of the edit.
of Greene's Works pub. in 1831, 2 vols. cr. Svo, by the
Rev. A. Dyce:
Greene, Maurice, d. 1755, a composer of English
cathedral music, made collections with a view to publica-
tion of cathedral music. These were used by Dr. William
Boyce in the splendid work already noticed by us.
Greene, Max. The Kansas Region, N. York, 1856.
Contains a large amount of information.
Greene, Nathaniel, b. at Boscawen, New Hamp-
shire, May 20, 1797, has been connected at different times
with The New Hampshire Patriot, The Concord Gazette,
The New Hampshire Gazette, The Haverhill Gazette, The
Essex Patriot, and The Boston Statesman. In 1829 he
became postmaster of Boston. He has pub. a number
He has pub. a number
of translations from the Italian, German, and French.
1. Storia d'Italia, di G. Sforzosi, Italia, 1830. This work
was trans. by Mr. Greene for Harper's Family Library.
"Some praise is due to Sforzosi, who has condensed into one
volume the whole history of Italy, ancient and modern. His
work has been happily translated into Euglish by a competent
scholar in this country. It however had no higher aim than to
be an elementary work, and is only to be recommended in that
character."-N. Amer. Rev., xlviii. 350.
2. Tales from the German. Trans. by N. Greene, Bost.,
1837, 2 vols. 12mo.
"Mr. Greene has been favourably known by his previous trans-
lation of Sforzosi's Italian History, for Messrs. Harper's Edition
of the Family Library. We hope he will find leisure to continue
bis literary pursuits, and that, since he has the power, he will also
Vol. I. Account of Greene and his Writings; Orlando
Furioso; A Looking-Glass for London and England;
Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay; Specimen of the famous
Historie of Fryer Bacon. II. Alphonsus, King of Arra-
James the Fourth; George-a-Greene, the Pinner of
Wakefield; History of George-a-Greene; Ballad of the
Jolly Pinder of Wakefield, with Robin Hood, Scarlet, and
John; Poems; Addenda, and Index to the Notes.
Of the manner in which Mr. Dyce has discharged his
editorial duties we have already had occasion to speak :
see DYCE, REV. ALEXANDER. As an author, Greene's
merits are undoubtedly considerable; and it is greatly to
be regretted that he was not always in the moral vein
which presents so striking a contrast to his loose habits.
Wood does not speak of his productions with much respect:
..
He was a pastoral sonnet-naker, and author of several things
which were pleasing to men and women of his time. They made
much sport, and were valued among scholars; but since, they
have been mostly sold on ballad-mongers' stalls.”—Fusti Ozon.
We quote some more recent opinions:
<
• Those I have perused display a rich and glowing fancy, much
originality and universal command of language, combined with
an extensive knowledge of the world. His crowded similes are in
unison with those of the period when he wrote, and prove him a
disciple of the then fashionable Euphean sect: they are in general
well selected, appositely applied. and quaintly amuse while his
moral instructs. He possessed considerable, if not first-rate, abili
ties, and it is inconsistent to measure either poetry or prose by any
standard of criticism erected two centuries after the decease of the
author."-HASLEWOOD: Censura Literaria, ii. 288-300, q. v.
extensive reading, and his works abound with frequent and success
"He had great vivacity of intellect, a very inventive imagination,
ful allusions to the Classics. It is surprising to see how polished
and how finished some of his pieces are when it is considered that
he wrote most of them to supply his immediate necessities, and in
quick succession one to another."-BELOE: Ancc. of Lib, and Scarce
Books.
"It must be confessed that many of the prose tracts of Greene
are licentious and indecent; but there are many also whose object
is useful and whose moral is pure. They are written with great
vivacity, several are remarkable for the most poignant raillery, all
exhibit a glowing warmth of imagination, and many are inter
spersed with beautiful and highly-polished specimens of his
poetical powers. On those which are employed in exposing the
inachinations of his infamous associates. he seems to place a high
value, justly considering their detection as an essential service
due to his country; and he fervently thanks his God for enabling
him so successfully to lay open the most horrible Coosenages of
the common Cony-Catchers, Cooseners, and Crosse Biters,' names
which in those days designated the perpetrators of every species
of deception and knavery.... Though most of the productions of
Greene were written to supply the wants of the passing hour, yet
the poetical effusions scattered through his works betray few marks
among the most polished and elegant of their day. To much
of baste or slovenliness, and many of them, indeed, may be classed
warmth and fertility of fancy they add a noble strain of feeling
and enthusiasm, together with many exquisite touches of the pa-
thetic, and so many impressive lessons of morality, as, in a great
measure, to atone for the licentiousness of several of his prose
tracts."-DR. DRAKE: Shakspeare and his Times, 1. 494. 627.
733
GRE
GRE
"As a writer of novels and pamphlets, he is full of affectation,
but generally elegant, and sometimes eloquent: it is a misfortune
which runs through his works, that he often imitated the popular
but puerile allusions of Lily. His invention is poor from the want
of a vigorous imagination, but his fancy is generally lively and
graceful. In facility of expression, and in the flow of his blank
verse. he is not to be placed below his contemporary Peele. His
usual fault (more discoverable in his plays than in his poems) is
an absence of simplicity; but his pedantic classical references, fre-
quently without either taste or discretion, he had in common with
the other scribbling scholars of the time. It was Shakspeare's
good fortune to be in a great degree without the knowledge, and |
therefore, if on no other account, without the defect."-J. PAYNE
COLLIER: Hist. of Eng. Dram. Poet., iii. 153–154.
"Professor Tieck, in the Preface to his Shakspeare's Vorschule,
says that Greene had a happy talent, a clear spirit, and a lively
imagination,' which, he adds, 'characterize all his writings.' I can
by no means concur in this praise to its full extent," &c.-Ibid., iii.
148.
"Greene succeeds pretty well in that florid and gay style, a little
redundant in images, which Shakspeare frequently gives to his
princes and courtiers, and which renders some unimpassioned
scenes in his historic plays effective and brilliant. There is great
talent shown, though upon a very strange canvas, in Greene's
Looking-Glass for London and England."-HALLAM: Lit. Hist. of
Europe. ii. 173.
|
Mr. Hallam speaks of Greene's novels as "deplorable
specimens," and cites the Dorastus and Fawnia as an ex-
ample of
"Quaint, affected, and empty Euphuism."-Ibid., ii. 218.
"Greene's style is in truth most whimsical and grotesque. He
lived before there was a good model of familiar prose; and his wit,
like a stream that is too weak to force a channel for itself. is lost in
rhapsody and diffuseness."-THOMAS CAMPBELL: Lives of the Eng.
Poets.
But this was not the judgment of his contemporaries.
"She does observe as pure a phrase, and use as choice figures in
her ordinary conversation, as any be i' th' Arcadia.
"Curlo. Or rather in Greene's works, where she may steal with
more security."
And Oldys does not hesitate to style Greene
"One of the greatest pamphleteers and refiners of our language
in his time."
He was obliged to have recourse to his pen for a maintenance;
and indeed we think he is the first English poet that we have on
record as writing for bread."-Biog. Dramat.
But this is a position which cannot be demonstrated,
though it has frequently been adopted as true by those who
blindly follow authorities. In addition to the many au-
thorities cited above, we also refer the reader to Winstan-
ley's Eng. Poets; Langbaine's Dram. Poets; Whalley's ed.
of Ben Jonson; British Bibliographer; Restituta; Collier's
Poet. Decam.; Ritson's Bibl. Poet.; Berkenhout's Biog.
Lit.; Cibber's Lives of the Poets; Dodsley's Collec. of Old
Plays, edited by Collier; Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poet. ;
Retrosp. Rev.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Dibdin's Lib. Comp.;
Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Dunlap's Hist. of Fiction. A spe-
cimen of Greene's poetical powers will be no unwelcome
conclusion to this long article:
"Sweete are the thoughts that savour of content,
The quiet mind is richer than a crowne:
Sweete are the nights in carelesse slumber spent,
The poore estate scornes fortune's angry frowne:
Such sweete content, such mindes, such sleepe, such bliss,
Beggers injoy. when Princes oft doe miss.”
From Greene's Farewell to Follie sent to Courtiers and Scholers, as
a president to warne them from the vaine delights that drawe Youth
on to repentance, 1617, 4to.
Greene, Robert, D.D. Works on divinity and
divinity and
natural philos.. 1711, '12, '27.
Greene, Robert Berkeley. Geneal. of Christ, as
given by Matt. and Luke, Lon., 1822, 8vo.
"This Table is ingeniously constructed; the notes exhibit, in a
small compass, the result of much laborious research.”—Horne's
Bibl. Bib.
Greene, Samuel S., Prof. in the Normal Department
Brown University, and Supt. of Public Schools, Provi-
dence. 1. Analysis of Eng. Gram., Phila. 2. Elements
of do. 3. First Lessons in do.
Greene, Thomas. See GREEPE, THOMAS.
Greene, Thomas. A Poet's Vision and a Prince's
Glorie, Lon., 1603, 4to. A poem dedicated to K. Jumes.
See Brydges's Restituta, iv. 1-5. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., £10
10%. Nassau, Pt. 1, 1737, £16 58. 6d. Greene was an
eminent comedian, and is supposed by Malone to have
been a relation of Shakspeare's and the medium of his
introduction to the theatre. He is the hero of Greene's
Tu Quoque: see Cook, or COOKE, JOHN.
"As for Maister Greene, all that I will speak of him (and that
without flattery) is this: if I were worthy to censure, there was not
un actor of his nature, in his time, of better ability in performance
of what he undertook, more applauded by the audience. of greater
grace at the court. or of more general love in the city."-THOMAS
HEYWOOD, editor of Cook's Tu Quoque.
Greene, Thomas. Pocms, Lon., 1780, 12mo.
Greene, Wm. The Sound of a Voice uttered forth
from the Mountaine of the Lord of Hosts, Lon., 1663, 4to.
Greene, Wm. Annals of George III., from his Ac-
cession to the Victory of Trafalgar, 1807, 2 vols. 12mo.
Greene, Wm. B., of Massachusetts. 1. The Doctrine
of Life. 2. A Hypothetical Biography, &c.
Greenfield, Nath. Serm., 1615, '60, 8vo.
Greenfield, Thomas. Epistles and Miscell. Poems,
Lon., 1815, Svo.
Greenfield, Wm. Algebra; Trans. Soc., Edin., 1788.
Greenfield, Wm. 1. Comprehensive Bible, &c., Lon.,
1827, cr. 4to, demy 4to, r. 4to, and imp. 4to.
"It has deservedly received a large measure of public approba-
tion."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib., q. v.
2. Novum Testamentum, &c., 1829, 48mo.
"The work does the highest honour to the editor's fidelity,
competent learning, and sound judgment."-Lon. Eclectic Rev.,
Feb. 1832, vii. 160. See also Horne's Bib. Bib., 29.
3. Polymicrian Lexicon to the N. Test., 1829, 48mno.
This is a companion to No. 2. 4. Book of Genesis, in
English, Hebrew, &c., 2d ed.
"It should be in the bands of all self-taught students."-RE7.
R. W. JELF: Suggestions respecting the Neglect of the Hebrew Lan-
guage as a Qualification for Holy Orders.
5. Book of the New Covenant, trans. from the Greek
into Hebrew, 1831, fp. Svo, and 32mo.
61
Greenfield's philological labours are extraordinary; his trans)a-
tion displays profound scholarship.”—Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
A memoir of this profound scholar and excellent man
Feb. 1834.
will be found in the London Imperial Mag. for Jan. and
Greenham, Richard, 1531-1591, a Puritan divine,
Fellow of Pembroke Hall, Camb., Rector of Dry-Drayton.
1. Comfort, &c., with two Letters, Lon., 1595, 24mo. 2.
Two Serms., 1595, Svo. 3. Afflicted Conscience, and two
Serms., 1598. 4. Collected Works, by Henry Holland,
1599, 4to; 2d ed., same year; 1601, fol.; with addits.,
1605, '12, 'S1, fol.
"Christian Reader! thou hast here all Maister Greenham's
Works, as they have been heretofore gathered and published by
the industrie of that worthy and painefull Preacher, Maister
Henry Holland."
"Greenham on Psalm exix., in his works, is admirable, for the
time in which it was written, both for method and style; and,
like all the productions of this author, is full of spiritual unction."
-Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
"Greenham excelled in experimental divinity, and knew how
to stay a weak conscience-how to raise a fallen-how to strike a
remorseless one."-BISHOP HALL.
"ON MR. GREENHAM'S BOOK OF THE SAbbath.
"While Greenham writeth on the Sabbath's rest,
His Soul enjoys not what his pen exprest:
His work enjoys not what itself doth say,
For it shall never find one resting day.
A thousand hands shall toss each page and line,
Which shall be scanned by a thousand eyne.
This Sabbath's rest. or that Sabbath's unrest,
'Tis hard to say which is the happiest."-BISHOP HALL.
See Clarke's Lives, at the end of his Martyrology;
Brook's Lives of the Puritans.
Greenhill, Joseph. 1. The Prophecies, Lon., 1755,
8vo. 2. Occas. Serms., 1755, '56, '57, '68, '71, '73, '74.
3. Occas. Letters, 1780, 8vo.
Greenhill, Thomas. 1. The Art of Embalming,
&c., Lon., 1705, 4to. 2. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1700,
'05. Greenhill was one of thirty-nine children by one
father and mother.
Greenhill, Wm., d. 1677? one of the Westminster
Assembly of Divines; Rector of Stepney, 1656; ejected
at the Restoration. 1. Serm., Lon., 1643, 4to. 2. Expos.
of Ezekiel, 1645-62, 5 vols. 4to. First ed. seldom found
complete. A second ed. of vol. i. appeared in 1649. New
ed., revised and corrected by James Sherman, 1837, imp.
Svo.
"Like all the productions of the Puritans, it is evangelical ind
stored with the knowledge of the Scriptures; but, like the most
of them, it is distinguished by its sound doctrinal and practical
views, rather than by the elegance of the composition or the
critical acumen of the reasonings and illustrations.”—Orme's Bibl.
Bib.
"Very full of doctrine and use."-Bickersteth's C. S
"The London reprint is very neatly executed.”—Horne's Bibl.
Bib.
3. Several Serms., 1671, Svo. 4. Serm., 1677, 4to.
Greenhow, Robert, M.D., 1800-1854, a native of
Richmond, Virginia, was for some time translator to the
Department of State at Washington, D. C., and subse-
quently Associate Law Agent to the United States Com-
mission for the determination of California claims, sitting
at San Francisco. 1. Memoir on the Northwest Coast of
North America, N. York, 1840, Svo. 2. Hist. of Oregon
and California, 1846, 8vo. This is an enlarged ed. of
No. 1. It is a work of high authority.
Greening, Henry. 1. Forms of Declarations, &c.,
Lon., 1837, 12mo; 2d ed., 1853, 12mo: see 1 Jurist, 545;
73-1
GRE
GRE
14 Leg. Obs., 219. 2. Selections of Leading Statutes, 1842-eminent associate. Professor Greenleaf. Upon the existing Law
45. 8vo: see 6 Jurist, 51. 3. Common Law Rules of
Hilary Term, 1853, 12mo.
of Contracts, and the Law of Evidence, more light has shone
from the New World than from all the lawyers who adorn the
courts of Europe.”—Lon. Luw Mog.
Greenlaw, A. Serm.. Lon.. 1794, 4to.
Greenleaf, Benjamin, b. 1786, at Haverhill, Mass.;
grad. Dartmouth Coll., 1813. The National, The Introduc-
tion or Common School, and Mental, Arithmetics, Boston,
1840. Algebra, 1852. Practical Surveying.
And see Warren's Law Stu., 2d ed., 755, 756; 27 Amer.
Jur., 237, 379; 5 Law Rev., 49; vi. 521; ix. 90; 1 Pa.
L. J., 158; Duer on Insur., 170, n.; Joy on Confessions,
App. B.
4. Examination of the Testimony of the Four Evangel-
ists, by the Rules of Evidence administered in Courts of
Justice. With an Account of the Trial of Jesus, &c..
1846, 8vo; Lon., 1847, 8vo.
Greenleaf, F. Abridgt. of Burn's Justice,, Bost., 1773.
Greenleaf, Rev. Jona. Sketches of Eccles. Hist.
of Maine, 1821, 12mo.
Greenleaf, Moses, d. 1834, aged 55, at Williams-
burg, Maine. 1. A Statistical View of the District of
Maine, Bost., 1816, 8vo. Reviewed by B. Rand in N.
Amer. Rev., iii. 362-425. 2. A Survey of the State of
Maine, Portland, 1829, Svo, and Atlas.
Greenleaf, Simon, LL.D., 1783-1853, a native of
Newburyport, Mass., was the son of a captain in the
Revolutionary Army, and a connection on the mother's
side of the family of the late Chief-Justice Parsons; com-
menced the practice of the law in Standish, Maine, 1806,
and in the same year removed to Gray, where he remained
for twelve years; removed to Portland, 1818; appointed
Reporter of the Supreme Court of Maine, 1820-32; suc-
ceeded Prof. Ashmun as Royall Prof. of Law in the Dane
Law School, 1833; transferred to the Dane Professorship,
vacant by the death of Judge Story, 1846; resigned this
post in consequence of failing health, 1848. Mr. Green-
leaf left a widow, to whom he was married in 1806, and
two sons and two daughters, the only remaining mem-
bers of a large family of children. Professor Greenleaf's
principal works are-1. A Full Collection of Cases, Over-
ruled, Denied, Doubted, or Limited in their application,
taken from American and English Reports, Portland,
1821; 3d ed., by E. Hammond, N. York, 1840. Mr. Green-
leaf was induced to prepare this work in consequence of
having relied upon a decision which was proved to have
been overruled.
(.
Mr. Greenleaf will have rendered to his profession a most
eminent service if, by presenting so many exainples of corrected
error, he shall induce his brethren to examine decisions without
fear, and the courts to revise them without reluctance."-T. MET-
CALF: N. Amer. Rev., xv. 65–72, q. v.: also vol. xxii. 30.
"I am glad to hear that your Overruled Cases are printed. I
want to get a copy, and interleave it, so as to provide gradually
for a new edition. I send you an additional list of late over-
ruled cases, which you can use when you have occasion. I mean
to enlarge it from time to time, as I read and write."-JUDGE
STORY, Dec. 11, 1821: Story's Life and Letters, i. 404.
"The second edition purported to be by Professor Greenleaf,
but he had nothing to do with either the second or third; and all
additions, since the first, are by other hands."-Marvin's Leg.
Bibl., $48.
•
See also Bentham's Legislation, by Neal, 61; MS. note
in Overruled Cases in Dane Law Library.
2. Reports of Cases in the Supreme Ct. of Maine, 1820–
31. Hallowell and Portland, 1822-35, 9 vols. Svo. New
ed., with Notes and References to later Decisions, by E.
H. Bennett, Bost., 1852, 9 vols. in 8, Svo. The Digest of
1st ed. was pub. in 9th vol., and also separately, Portland,
1835, Svo.
You must not feel too anxious about your Reports. A young
author is apt to be unduly sensitive as to the fate of his produc-
tions. I have no doubt as to the success of yours; and I am sure
that the profession will join heartily in your favour."-JUDGE
STORY, Dec. 11, 1821: Story's Life and Letters, i. 404.
** Mr. Greenleaf is of the order of compendious reporters. He is
lucid and direct in his statement of cases; his arguments of
course are arranged with logical exactness and a well-conceived
brevity, which give us their outline well, and yet without any
sinuosities. He is happy in his discrimination of the onus of the
reasoning and his consequent exposition of it. Mr. Greenleaf is
always concise, while throughout he never fails to be just; and
this is no small praise, when the longest or most important case
in the volume will be found to allow not above two pages to the
argument of counsel.”—N. Amer. Rev., xxii. 27-34; notice of vol.
li. See 4 Amer. Jur., 133; xiv. 238; 2 U. S. Lit. Gaz., 463; 1 U. S.
Rev. and Lit. Gaz., 150.
3. A Treatise on the Law of Evidence, vol. i., 1842,
ii., 1846, iii., 1853. Vol. i. has reached the 7th ed.;
vol. ii. the 4th ed.; vol. iii. the 2d ed. Before the ap-
pearance of this work, the American Bar was dependent
upon the manuals of Starkie and Phillips. Mr. Green-
leaf's treatise took at once, and has ever since maintained,
the highest rank.
"I am glad to hear that you are going on with your work on
Evidence, which I shall look to with deep interest as a noble con-
tribution to the common stock of the school."-JUDGE STORY,
Feb. 6, 1840: Story's Life and Letters, ii. 328.
"It is no mean honour to America that her schools of juris-
prudence have produced two of the first writers and best-esteemed
legal authorities of this century; the great and good man (Judge
Story) who has just been taken from us, and his worthy and
"Our grateful acknowledgments are respectfully tendered to
Professor Greenleaf for these his labours. We the more value
them because they regard matters of fuct, which they treat of
naturally and appositely, just as such topics ought to be handled."
-Christian Reformer.
6.
The work is inscribed to the members of the legal profession;
but it will be found equally interesting to clergymen, and to all
others who may be disposed to examine the subject."-Advert.
"He [Judge Story] had studied the evidences of Christianity
with professional closeness and care, and had given to them the
testimony of his full assent; and he has often been heard to de
clare. that, in his judgment, the great facts of the gospel history wer
attested by a mass of evidence which, in any court of law, would be
perfectly satisfactory and conclusive."-Prof. Greenleaf's Discourse
commemorative of the Life and Character of the Hon. Joseph Story,
LL.D.
notice-6. A Discourse pronounced at the Inauguration
5. Cruise's Digest, &c.: see CRUISE, W31. We also
of the author as Royall Professor of Law in Harvard
Univ., Aug. 26, 1834, Bost., 1834, 8vo. 7. A Discourse
commemorative of the Life and Character of the Hon.
Joseph Story, LL.D., &c., 1845, Svo. This is an eloquent
tribute to the merits of a truly great man, between whom
and of the most endearing character. Associated intimately
and his eulogist there existed ties of the closest intimacy
for thirteen years in the Dane Law School, the friendship
and attachment with which they had entered upon the
joint discharge of their duties invigorated and enlivened
their arduous efforts for the benefit of the institution
whose prosperity they had so much at heart. It was at
the instance of Judge Story that his friend was called to
supply the place; but we shall do injustice to the subject
by using any other language than that which has already
been eloquently employed upon this theme:
"Our connection has been to me, indeed, a source of inexpres
sible pleasure and satisfaction. I recollect, with pride, that when
Professor Asbmun died my thoughts turned upon you as the
man of all others best fitted to supply his place; and the corpora-
tion, with an unanimity and promptitude which deserve the
highest commendation. seconded the choice. . . . But for you the
School would never have attained its present rank. Your learn-
ing, your devotion to its interests, your untiring industry, your
steadfast integrity of purpose and action. have imparted to all
our efforts a vigour and ability, without which, I am free to say,
that I should have utterly despaired of success. Nay, more: but
for your constant co-operation and encouragement in the common
task I should have drooped and lingered by the wayside. But
what I dwell on with peculiar delight, is the consciousness
that we bave never been rivals. but in working together have gone
hand in hand throughout; that not a cloud has ever passed over
our mutual intercourse, and that we have lived as brothers
should live: and, I trust in God, we shall die such. . . . Most
truly and affectionately,
"Your faithful friend,
** ·Joseph Story.
"Cambridge, January 6, 1842.”
Story's Life and Letters, ii., 409–411.
Many of the facts recorded in Prof. Greenleaf's Discourse.
on the Life and Character of Judge Story (see No. 7, ante)
will be found in his biographical sketch of this eminent
jurist in The National Portrait-Gallery of Distinguished
Ar cans. Of this sketch Judge Story remarks, in a
letter to the author, dated April 15, 1835,
I think it one of the most finished and elegant compositions 1
ever read, and I am only too conscious that the main attractions
of the picture you have drawn are due to the skill and touching
kindness of the artist."-Story's Life and Letters, ii. 197.
Greenleaf, Thomas. Laws of New York, 1777-
97. N. York, 1797, 3 vols. Sro.
Greenly, Lady Coffin. Prac. Serms. for every
Sunday in the Year, 5th ed., Lon., 1843, 2 vols. 12mo.
These admirable sermons have hitherto been published
without the writer's name, and many thousand copies
have been sold.
3.
They were constantly read in the families of Dr. Huntingford,
late Bishop of Hereford, and of Dr. Van Mildert, late Bishop of
Durham, the latter of whom often regretted he could not discover
the author, that he might distinguish him by preferment in the
Church, concluding the sermons to have been written by a clergy-
man of no common ability.”—Preface to the 5th Edition.
Greenough, G. B. Geology, Lon., 1819, 8vo.
Greenough, Horatio, 1806-1852, an eminent Ame-
rican sculptor, was a native of Boston, Mass. For the
particulars of his career as an artist, and a specimen of.
735
GRE
GRE
1722, Svo; 9th ed., 1730, Svo.
his merits as an author, we refer the reader to A Memorial | 8th ed., 1680, 12mo. 3. County Courts, &c., 1668, "75,
of Horatio Greenough, consisting of a Memoir, and Selec-
tions from his Writings,-Essays on Art, &c.-by Henry
T. Tuckerman, N. York, 1853, 12mo.
Greenwood, Wm., D.D. Harmony of the Evan-
gelists. Lon., 1766, 12mo. Other works.
Greensted, Francis. Fugitive Pieces, 1797, Svo.
Greenup, J. Human Liberty, Lon., 1731, Svo.
Greenville, Granville, or Grenville, Denis,
D.D., d. at Paris, 1703, a son of Bevil Greenville, and
brother of Sir John Greenville, was installed Dean of
Durbam in 1684, and deprived of his preferments in 1690,
in consequence of his refusal to acknowledge William and
Mary. He pub. several theolog. treatises, serms., &c.,
1684-89.
".
In bigotry for restoration of James II. he probably excelled all
his contemporaries."
"You had an uncle whose memory I shall ever revere: make
him your example. Sanctity sate so easy. so unaffected. and so
graceful upon him, that in him we beheld the very beauty of holi-
ness."-LORD LANSDOWNE; in a Letter to Dean Greenville's nephew.
See Gen. Dict.; Biog. Brit.; Athen. Oxon.; Hutchin-
son's Durham; Comber's Life of Comber.
Greg, John, or William. See GRIGG.
Greg, or Gregg, Rev. John Anthony. 1. The
Solitary Frenchman; a Poem, trans. 1784, '94, 8vo.
2. Hierogamy, 1801, Svo.
Greg, Thomas. 1. Letter rel. to Ploughing heavy
and wet Land, Lon., 1809, Svo. 2. Report of his System
of Farming, 1810, Svo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Greg, W. Rathbone. The Creed of Christendom,
Lon., 1851, Svo.
Hutchin- Lon., 1851, Svo. Commended by the Westminster Review,
Prospective Review, Economist, &c.
Gregg, F. 1. Law, &c. of B'kruptcy, Lon., 1826, '38,
Svo.
8vo. 2. New B'krupt Act, 1826, 3. Law, &c. of
B'kruptcy as regards Meetings, &c., 1838, 12mo. 4. Costs
in B'kruptcy, 2d ed., 1838, 12mo.
Gregg, Josiah. Scenes and Incidents in the Western
Prairies. New ed., Phila., 1856.
Gregg, T. D., Chaplain of St. Nicholas Within, Dublin.
1. Discuss. with T. Maguire, Dubl., 1839, Svo. 2. Protest-
ant Ascendency Vindicated, Dubl., 1840, 12mo. 3. Serms.,
1846, Svo. 4. Free Thoughts on Protestant Matters, 2d
ed., 1847, p. 8vo.
Gregor, Francis, M.P. for Cornwall, d. 1815, aged
55, pub. three polit. pumph., 1810-12.
Gregor, Rev. Wm., pub. two serms., 1805, '09, and
con. geological papers to Phil. Trans., &c., 1805-15.
Gregory, Arthur. 1. L'Abridgt. des Cases, &c., Lon.,
1599, 12mo. 2. The Moot-Book, &c., trans. into Eng., and
enlarged by W. Hughes, 1663, 4to.
Gregory, David, 1661-1708, a native of Aberdeen,
Scotland, a nephew of James Gregory, Prof. of Mathematics
in the Univ. of St. Andrew's, succeeded his uncle at the
early age of twenty-three, and in 1691 was elected Savilian
Prof. of Astronomy at Oxford. He pub. works on Geo-
metry, Astronomy, &c., in Latin, 1684-1703, and contri-
buted a number of papers to Phil. Trans., 1694-1704.
1. Astronomiæ, Physicæ, et Geometria Elementa, Oxon.,
1702. fol. In Eng., with addits. by E. Stone, 1713, '26, 2
vols. Svo. 2. Euclidus Opera omnia, Gr. et Lat., Oxf., 1703,
fol. See Biog. Brit.; Hutton's Dict.; Encyc. Brit.; Letters
by Eminent Persons. We shall have occasion to notice
by Eminent Persons.
several of the members of this distinguished family, the
most illustrious in the annals of British science. For two
centuries the name of Gregory has accumulated fresh
honours with each succeeding generation, and sixteen of
the family have held British professorships. Whilst the
subject of this memoir was Professor of Mathematics at
Oxford, his brother James occupied the same post at Edin-
burgh, and another brother, Charles, discharged similar
duties at St. Andrew's. Here is nobility, indeed, far out-
shining
Greenville, George. See GRANVILLE.
Greenway, Dr. James, of Dinwiddie county, Vir-
ginia. Agricult., &c. con. to Trans. Amer. Soc., iii. 226,
231-234.
Greenwood. Young Artist's Guide to the Use of
the Black-Lead Pencil, Lon., ob. Svo.
"In this work the author has sought to exhibit freedom of pen-
cilling in preference to a style of finished neatness."―Dedication
to Sir M. A. Shee.
Greenwood, Abr. Address to Young People, Lon.,
1796; 12mo.
Greenwood, Rev. Charles, b. 1821, at Greenwood,
N. Hampshire. The Child and the Man; or, Children,
the Sabbath School, and the World. With an Introduc.
by Rev. E. N. Kirk, Rost., 1855, 12mo.
"It cannot be read without quickening Christian activities, and
should be widely circulated.”—Notional Mag.
2. Psalms
Greenwood, Daniel. Serms., 1672, 'SO.
Greenwood, Francis William Pitt, D.D., 1797-
1843, a native of Boston, educated at Harvard, became
pastor of the New South Church, Boston, travelled in
Europe, and subsequently settled in Baltimore, and in
1824 was made associate minister of King's Chapel, Bos-
ton. 1. Chapel Liturgy. Bost., 1827, 12mo.
and Hymns, 1830. 3. Hist. of King's Chapel, Boston,
3. Hist. of King's Chapel, Boston,
1833, 12mo. 4. Serms. to Children. 5. Lives of the
Twelve Apostles. 1838, '46. 6. Serms. of Consolation,
1842, '47 see Christian Examiner; Christian Register.
7. Serms. on various subjects, 2 vols. Svo. 8. Miscella-
neous Writings edited by his son, 1846, 12mo. Dr. G.
was at one time editor of The Unitarian Miscellany, and
in 1837 and 1838 was an associate editor of The Christian
Examiner, to which he was a frequent contributor for
many years.
1. Hints on Horse-
Greenwood, Col. George.
manship, Lon., 16mo. 2. Cavalry Sword Exercise, 1840,
12mo. 3. The Tree-Lifter; or, a New Method of Trans
planting Forest Trees, 1844, 8vo.
"An ingenious treatise, explanatory of a simple, but, as we
should suppose. an efficient, machine for raising trees of large size,
with a considerable bole of earth round them, so that their roots
may not receive injury.”—Britannia.
Greenwood, Grace. See LIPPINCOTT, SAra Jane.
Greenwood, Henry. 1. Day of Judgment, &c.,
Lon., 1614, 8vo. 2. Seven Tracts or Serms., 1628, 8vo.
3. Serm., 1634, 8vo. 4. Works, 13th ed., 1650, 12mo.
Greenwood, Isaac, Prof. of Mathematics at Cam-
bridge, New England. Astronom., &c. con. to Phil.
Trans., 1728.
Greenwood, J. B. Collec. of Statutes and Parts
of Statutes, &c., Lon., 1830, 12mo.
Greenwood, James. 1. London Vocabulary and
Eng. Gram., Lon., 1711, '29. 12mo. Praised by Bicker-
staff in the Tatler. 2. The Virgin Muse, 1717, 22, 12mo.
Greenwood, James. A Rhapsody, Lon., 1776, 4to.
Greenwood, John, a Puritan, executed at Tyburn,
with Hen. Barrow, April 6, 1593, pub. some theolog, trea-
tises. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Greenwood, Nic. Astronomia Anglicana; contain-
ing an absolute and entire Piece of Astronomy in three
books, Lon., 1689, fol.
Greenwood, Thomas. Theolog. works, Lon.,
1832, &c.
Greenwood, Will. A Description of the Passion
of Love, &c., Lon., 1657, 8vo. The author has
"Unmercifully stolen matter without any acknowledgment
from Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy."-ANTHONY WOOD.
Greenwood, Wm. 1. Curia Comitatus Rediviva,
Lon., 1657, 12mo. 2. County Judicatures, 1664, 75, Svo;
Greepe, Thomas. Exploytes of Syr Frauncis Drake,
Lon., 1587, 4to. White Knights, 1909, £10.
Greer, Mrs. J. R. 1. Quakerism; or, The Story of
my Life, Lon., 1851, '52, p. Svo. 2. The Society of Friends;
a Domestic Narrative, 1852, '54, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Greffyn, W. See GRIFFITH.
:
1
"The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,
And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave!"
Gregory, Duncan Farquharson, d. 1844, aged 30,
Fellow and Sub-Lecturer of Trin. Coll., Camb., a distin-
guished mathematician, was a descendant of James Gre-
gory, (1639-1675,) the celebrated author of the Reflecting
Telescope, the son of James Gregory, M.D., (1753-1821,)
Prof. of Medicine in the Univ. of Edinburgh, and the
brother of William Gregory, M.D., until his death Prof.
of Chemistry in Univ. of Edinburgh. He pub. a work of
great merit on The Differential and Integral Calculus, Lon.,
1841, 8vo; 2d ed., by W. Walton, 1846, Svo; and left un-
finished a work, afterwards completed and pub. by W.
Walton, on the Application of Analysis to Solid Geometry,
1846, 8vo; 2d ed., 1853, 8vo. Mr. Gregory was one of the
chief projectors of the Cambridge Mathematical Journal,—
a work of European reputation,-and its principal contri-
butor until the time of his decense.
Gregory, Edmond. An Historical Anatomy of
Christian Melancholy, with a Meditation on John ix. 4,
Lon., 1646, 12mo.
Gregory, F. The Human Soul, 1704, 4to.
Gregory, Francis, D.D., Rector of Hambledon,
Bucks, pub. several serms., a Greek school-book, &c.,
1660–98.
Gregory, George, D.D., 1754-1808, son of an Irish
clergyman, becaine Curate of St. Giles, Cripplegate, Lon-
don, in 1782, and in 1804 was presented to the living of
736
GRE
GRE
West Ham, Essex. He pub. several theolog. and literary
works, among the principal of which are the following:
1. Trans. of Lowth's Lectures on the Sacred Poetry of the
Hebrews, Lon., 1787, 1816, 2 vols. 8vo. New ed., 1847, cr.
8vo. See LowTH, ROBERT, D.D. 2. Serms., 1787, '89, 8vo.
"A pleasing specimen of that kind of manly eloquence which
compasses its end without loss of words.”—Lon. Month. Rev.
3. Life of T. Chatterton, 1789, 8vo. Also in Biog. Brit.
4. Hist. of the Christian Church to 1788-90, 2 vols. 12mo;
1794-95, 2 vols. 8vo. Grant, in his Hist. of the Christian
Grant, in his Hist. of the Christian
Church, calls this work an excellent abridgment of
Mosheim. 5. Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, 1806, 2
vols. 4to. 6. Lectures on Exper. Philos., Astron., and
Chem., 1809, 2 vols. 12mo. 7. Letters on Literature, Taste,
and Composition, 1810, 2 vols. 12mo. Dr. G. was for many
years editor of the New Annual Register.
Gregory, George. Arithmetic, &c., Lon., 1814, '15.
Gregory, George, M.D., d. 1853, Lecturer of St.
Thomas's Hospital, London. 1. Elements of the Theory
and Prac. of Physic, 2d ed., improved, Lon., 1825, 2 vols.
8vo; 6th ed., 1846, 8vo. 2. Lects. on Eruptive Fevers,
1843, 8vo.
Gregory, John Mark. 1. Geography and Hist. of
Moses, Edin., 1702, 4to. 2. Sepulchres of the Ancients
and their Monuments. Lon., 1712.
Gregory, Joseph. Hist. Discourses, Lon., 1792, 8vo.
Gregory, Olinthus Gilbert, LL.D., 1774-1841, a
Gregory, James, 1639-1675, the first of the long line
of great men of an illustrious family, (see GREGORY, DAVID,)
was a native of Aberdeen, and educated at the grammar
school of that place and at Marischal College. In 1663
he pub. his Optimna promota, in which he gave an account
of his discovery of the reflecting telescope. He subse-
quently gave to the world Vera Circuli et Hyperbolæ Quad-
ratura, Patav., 1667, 4to; Excercitationes Geometricæ,
Lon., 1668, '78, 4to; and some other publications. In
1668 he was elected Prof. of Mathematics in the Univ. of
St. Andrew's, and in 1674 was called to the same chair in
the Univ. of Edinburgh. He was a friend of Sir Isaac
Newton, who highly valued his remarkable genius. See
Biog. Brit.; Hutton's Dict.; Martin's Biog. Philos.; Pref.
to Dr. John Gregory's Works, edit. 1788, 4 vols. 12mo.
Gregory, James, M.D., 1753-1821, a native of Aber-native of Yaxley, Huntingdonshire, became mathematical
deen, Prof. of the Prac. of Medicine in the Univ. of Edin-master of the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich in 1802,
burgh, was a descendant of the preceding, and the father and subsequently attained the Professor's chair, which he
of the late Duncan F. Gregory, of Trin. Coll., Camb., who resigned in 1838 in consequence of failing health. His first
displayed, even at the early age at which he died, the re- work, pub. at the age of nineteen, was entitled (1) Lessons,
markable mathematical genius which distinguished his Astronomical and Philosophical, for the Amusement and
great ancestor, and many of his successors for the last two Instruction of British Youth, Lon., 1793, '97, 12mo; 4th
centuries. See GREGORY, DAVID. 1. Dissertatio Medica, ed., 1813.
&c., Edin., 1774, Svo. 2. Conspectus Medicinæ Theoretica
in usum Academicum, 1780-82, 2 vols. Svo. There have
been several new edits.-1836, 37, 38, '50-with addits.
by Steggall and Venables. This, with the First Four
Books of Celsus, comprise the entire Latin Classics required
for Examination at Apothecaries' Hall, London. 3. Philos.
and Literary Essays, 1793, Svo. 4. Memorial, 1800, 4to;
4.
1803, Svo. 5. Cullen's First Lines of the Practice of
Physic, with Notes, 7th ed., 2 vols. 8vo. See CULLEN, Wл.
6. Theory of the Moods of Verbs; Trans. Soc., Edin.,
1790.
66
Gregory, John, 1607-1646, a learned divine, a native
of Buckinghamshire, was educated at Christ Church,
ford; Chaplain to Bishop Duppa, 1638; Preb. of Salisbury,
1641; deprived at the Rebellion. 1. Notes and Observ. on
some Passages of Scripture, Oxf., 1646, 4to; Lon., 1660,
'65, '71. '83. This work is the first part of the Posthuma.
It was trans. into Latin, and remitted into the Critica Sacra.
2. Gregorii Posthuma, with Life, pub. by John Gurgany,
1649, '50, '61, '65, '71, '83, '84, 4to. Part 1 is composed of
the Notes, &c. above; Part 2 consist of eight pieces: two
discourses, one serm., two theolog. treatises, a tract upon
Time, one upon the Assyrian Monarchy, and one upon the
Terrestrial Globe.
This volume contains things learned, curious, and fanciful.
The author possessed a considerable portion of learning, but was
very eccentric in his fights. Some of the notes are important,
and contain a good deal of rabbinical lore. The Dissertation and
plates, on the Boy-bishop and the Monk-fish, are curious, and ex-
hibit some of the follies of former times. His discussions on the
Song of the Bow, the Golden Mice, the Silver Shrines, and Cain's
Thau, or mark, show how much erudition may be needlessly ex-
pended on very trifling subjects. The book is still worth having,
but at no great expense."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
In 1634 he pub. a 2d ed. in 4to, with Notes, of Sir Thomas
Ridley's View of the Civil and Ecclesiastical Law. He
also wrote a tract, entitled Alkiblay, "in which he endea-
voured to vindicate the antiquity of worshipping towards
the east;" and left three pieces in MS., trans. by him from
Greek into Latin, which were pub. by Edward Bysshe in
his own name, q. v. Gregory also left, in MS., Observa-
tiones, &c. Johannis Malela Chronographia; and he in-
tended to have pub. a Latin trans. of that author, with
annotations.
I
"The miracle of his age for critical and curious learning."- -
Athen, Oxon, q. o.
Ozın,
"He attained to be an exquisite linguist and general scholar;
his modesty setting the greater lustre on his learning."-Fuller's
Worthies. q. v
See also Life prefixed to Gregorii Posthuma; Gen. Dict:
Biog. Brit.; Lloyd's Memoirs; Fuller's Worthies.
Gregory, John, Archdeacon of Gloucester. Discourse
of the Morality of the Sabbath, Lon., 1681, 8vo.
deen, grand-nephew of James Gregory, the inventor of the
Gregory, John, 1724–1773, M.D., a native of Aber-
reflecting telescope, studied medicine at Edinburgh, Ley-
den, and Paris, and on his return from the continent was
appointed Prof. of Philosophy in King's Coll., Aberdeen;
Prof. of Physic in the same institution, 1756-66; Prof. of
Physic in the Univ. of Edinburgh, 1766-73. 1. Compara-
tive View of the State and Faculties of Man with those
1774, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Observ. on the Duties, Offices, and
of the Animal World, Lon., 1765, '76, 12mo; 1766, 8vo;
Qualifications of a Physician, &c., 1770, '72, Svo. 3. Ele-
perfect. The part relating to Febrile Diseases was repub.,
ments of the Prac. of Physic, Edin., 1772, 8vo. Left im-
Lon., 1774, 8vo. 4. A Father's Legacy to his Daughters,
Italian by John Sivrac, 1794, 12mo.
1774, 12mo. New ed., 1813.
New ed., 1813. Trans. into French and
An excellent little book, worthy of all the popularity it bas
acquired."-Goodhugh's Lib. Man.
Among his other works are-2. Astronomy, 1802, Svo.
3. Mechanics, 1806, '07, 15, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Trans. of
Friend on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Duties of the
Hauy's Nat. Philos., 1807, 2 vols. 8vo. 5. Letters to a
Christian Religion, 1815, 2 vols. 12mo; 9th ed., 1851, 12mo.
By the Lon. Rel. Tract Soc., 1853, 18mo.
He has united with extraordinary attainments in the severer
sciences the art of recommending bis sentiments with impressive
effect; and he exhibits, in an eminent degree, the most important
ingredients of good writing. . . . We are acquainted with no book
in the circle of English literature which is equally calculated to
Ox-give young persons just views of the evidence, the nature, and
Rev.; and see Hall's collected writings, ed. 1853, vol. iv. 144.
the importance of revealed religion.”—ROBERT HALL: Lon. Eclectic
6. Elements of Plane and Spher. Trigonometry, 1816,
12mo. 7. Mathemat. for Prac. Men, 1825. Svo; 3d ed.,
1848, Svo. S. Memoirs, &c. of J. M. Good, M.D., 1828, Svo.
L
It is truly refreshing to turn from the drivelling autobiogra-
phies of the day to this interesting volume."-Spirit and Manners
of the Age, March, 1828.
"These letters were written by a tender father in a declining
state of health for the instruction of his daughters. They contain
a rich treasure of admonition and advice."-Editor's Preface.
5. Whole Works, with Life by Mr. Tytler, (since Lord
Woodhouselee,) Edin., 1788, 4 vols. cr. 8vo. Another ac-
count of Dr. Gregory's Life was written by Wm. Smellie,
and pub. with his Lives of Kames, Hume, and Smith.
1800. Svo.
•
9. Hutton's Mathemat. Tables, with 7 addit. Tables,
Gregory and T. S. Davies, 12th ed., 1840, 2 vols. 8vo.
1830, Svo. 10. Hutton's Course of Mathemat., by 0.
11. Hints to the Teachers of Mathemat., 1840, 12mo.
Dr. G. was the editor of Pantalogia, (see GooD, JOHN
MASON, M.D.,) and from 1817 had the superintendence
of the almanacs pub. by the Stationers' Company of
London, a duty in which he succeeded Dr. Hutton.
biographical sketch of Dr. Gregory will be found in Lon.
Gent. Mag. for April, 1841.
Gregory, Thomas. Serms., &c., 1694, '96, 170S,
all Svo.
Gregory, Wm. Surgical con. to Phil. Trans., 1738.
Gregory, Wm. Journal of a Captured Missionary, &c.,
Lon., 1800, Svo.
Gregory, Wm., M.D., d. 1858, Prof. of Chemistry in the
Univ. of Edinburgh, one of the most distinguished chemists
of his age, was a descendant of James Gregory, (1639-
1675,) the distinguished inventor of the reflecting telescope.
See GREGORY, DAVID; GREGORY, DUNCAN FARQUHARSON;
GREGORY, JAMES. Outlines of Chemistry: Pt. 1, Inor-
ganic Chemistry; Part 2, Organic Chemistry; 3d ed., 1848,
8vo. Amer. ed., enlarged by J. M. Sanders, M.D., LL.D
47
737
GRE
GRE
Prof. of Chemistry in the Eclectic Medical Institute, Cin-
cinnati, 1851, Svo.
"This is beyond comparison the best introduction to Chemistry
which has yet appeared."-Lom. Lancet.
"
2. Hand-book of Organic Chemistry, 1852, 8vo. 3. Hand-
book of
3d 1853, 12mo. 4.
big's Animal Chemistry; edited by Dr. G.; 3d ed., 1842,
Svo. 5. Liebig's Instruc. for the Chemical Analysis of
Organic Bodies; trans. by Dr. G. 6. Liebig's Researches
on the Chemistry of edited by Dr. G., 1847, Svo.
Food;
7. Liebig's Researches on the Motion of the Juices in the
Animal Body; edited by Dr. G., 1848, Svo. S. Letters to
a Candid Enquirer on Animal Magnetism. New ed. in
a Candid Enquirer on Animal Magnetism. New ed. in
course of preparation in 1853.
"A volume destined, we believe, to excite considerable atten-
tion, both from the nature of its subject and the position of the
writer."-Lon. Notes and Queries.
9. Baron Von Reichenbach's Researches on Magnet-
ism, &c.; trans. by Dr. G., 8vo.
"The merits of this remarkable volume are great.”—North Brit.
Re:.
10. Liebig's Chemistry in its Application to Agricult.
and Physiology; edited by Dr. G. and Dr. Lyon Playfair;
4th ed., 1847, Svo.
"Its acceptance as a standard is unavoidable; for, following
closely in the straight path of inductive philosophy, the conclu-
sions which are drawn from its data are incontrovertible.”—Silli-
man's Journal.
11. Elements of Chemistry, by the late Dr. Turner, Sth
ed., 1847, 8vo.
"The present is, in short, the most complete and the most
luminous system of Chemistry in the English language: and we
know not one in France or Germany that comes near it.Edin.
Med. and Surg. Jour., Jan. 1, 1847.
Gregson, H. Suggestions for Improving the Condi-
tion of the Industrious Classes by establishing Friendly
Societies and Savings Banks, Lon., 1830, Svo.
Gregson, Joseph. 1. Fashionable Furniture, 1812,
12mo. 2. Fires of London, 1812, 8vo.
Gregson, Matthew. Fragments rel. to the Hist.
Fragments rel. to the Hist.
and Antiq. of Lancaster, 1817, fol.
Gregson, Moses. Serm., 1760, '70, both 8vo.
Greig, George. Serm., 1809, '12, both Svo.
Greig, John. Arithmet., Astronom., and other works,
1798-1810.
| Grenville's positions, except the last, which Mr. Burke has not
completely overthrown. His tract is indeed one of the very best
specimens of a review that has ever been published, displaying all
his deep thinking, with much of his eloquence and sarcasm."
McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., q. v. And see BURKE, EDMUND.
Mr. Grenville noticed Mr. Burke's strictures in An Ap-
pendix to The Present State of the Nation, &c., 1769, 8vo.
Grenville and his brother Temple-
were actively engaged in the politics of the day; and
much valuable information will be found in their corre-
spondence, entitled The Grenville Papers, from the Origi
nal MSS., preserved at Stowe. Edited by W. J. Smith,
In the
third vol. will be found some matter offered as evidence to
(late librarian at Stowe,) 4 vols. 8vo, 1852-53.
prove that Lord Temple was author of The Letters of
Junius. See JUNIUS,
Grenville, or Greenvil, Sir Richard. 1. Figh
about the Isles of Azoras, Lon., 1591, 4to. 2. Expeditions
to Cadiz and Rhee, 1724, 8vo. See Clarendon's Hist. of
the Rebellion.
Greig, Wm. Road Police, Dubl., 1818, 8vo.
Greisley, Sir Roger,-Gresley is the family name,
but Sir Roger was an antiquary, and inserted another
letter,-1801-1837, was educated at Christ Church, Oxford.
1. Sir Philip Gasteneys, a Minor; a Tale, 1829, 12mo.
2. The Life and Pontificate of Gregory VII., 1832, Svo.
"He had, during his travels in Italy, imbibed a thorough ab-
torrence of the abominations usurpations of the Roman See,
and this was the offspring of it.”—Lm. Gent. Mag., Dec. 1837, q. v.
Grellier, J. J. 1. Loans of the last 50 Years, Lon.,
1799, Svo. 2. Hist. of the National Debt, 1810, Svo. A
work of authority.
TA
Grenewly, Richard. The Annales of Cornelius
Tacitus. The Description of Germanie, Lon., 1598, fol.
Grenfell, John. Bank-Notes, Lon., 1814, svo.
Grenfell, Pascoe, 1762–1838, M.P., a British mer-
chant, and warm supporter of Wilberforce in his efforts for
the abolition of the slave-trade. Speech in the H. of C.,
Lon., 1816, 8vo. Such men are to be "held in all honour."
Grenfield, E. W. Serm., Lon., 1811.
Grenfield, Henry. Poems, Lon., 1686, Svo.
Grenville, Denis. See GREENVILLE,
Grenville, George. See GRANVILLE.
Grenville, George Nugent, Lord. 1. Portugal;
a Poem, 2d ed., Lon., 1812, 4to.
↓
"Twice, with the most patient attention, have we read every
line of this poem, and twice have we risen from the perusal per-
plexed in the extreme.' Lord George Nugent Grenville has, it is
certain, published a poem under the title of Portugal; but, though
the stream of verse is sufficiently smooth. it is so prodigiously deep
that our plummets have in very few places indeed been able to
find the bottom.”—Lon. Quar. Rev., vii. 151–158, q. v.
Grenville, William Wyndham, Lord, 1759-1834,
Chancellor of the Univ. of Oxford, and a statesman of
great abilities, was the third son of George Grenville;
(see ante.) 1. Speech, Lon., 1789, '91, 8vo. 2. Speech,
1798, Svo. 3. Speech, 1803, Svo. 4. Letters of the Earl
of Chatham to Thomas Pitt, 1804, Svo. 5. New Plan of
Finance, 1806, 8vo. 6. Letter to the Earl of Fingal, 1810.
7. Nuga Metricæ, 1824, 4to.
7. Nuga Metricæ, 1824, 4to. Copies of this work are of
rare occurrence, having been bought up by the family.
It has been said that these Poems and the "Primitiæ et
Reliquia" of the Marquis of Wellesley are the most clas-
sical Latin compositions of the present century. 8. State
Papers between him and Chauvelin, 1793, Svo.
Gresham, James. The Story of Cinyras and Myrrha,
Lon., 1626, 12mo.
Gresley, Richard N. Law of Evidence in the Cts.
of Equity, Lon., 1836, Svo; Phila., 1837, 8vo; 2d ed., by
C. A. Calvert, 1847, r. 8vo; Phila., 1848, 8vo.
"A complete and highly satisfactory work."—Marvin's Leg. Bill.
"This new edition of a very useful work displays erudition and
skill of no common character.”—Lım. Law Mag.
The lawyer should add to this excellent work E. R.
Daniell's Chancery Practice, R. G. Welford's Equity
Pleadings, &c. Judge Story's great work on Equity
Pleadings will of course claim many of "his days and
nights."
Gresley, Sir Roger. See GREISLEY.
Gresley, W., Preb. of Lincoln, a very popular writer,
has given to the world (pub. 1835-51) the following works:
1. Anglo-Catholicism. 2. Bernard Leslie. 3. Charles Le-
ver. 4. Church Clavering. 5. Clement Walton. 6. Col-
ton Green. 7. Coniston Hall.
7. Coniston Hall. S. Ecclesiastes Anglicanus.
10. Forest
9. Evangelical Truth and Apostolical Order.
of Arden. 11. Frank's First Trip to the Continent.
12. Help to Prayer. 13. Henri de Clermont. 14. Holi-
day Tales. 15. Ordinance of Confession. 16. Portrait of
an English Churchman. 17. Real Danger of the Ch. of
Eng.; 1st statement. 18. Second statement. 19. Third
statement. 20. Serms. on the Duties of a Christian.
21. Ditto at Oxford. 22. Do. Parochial. 23. Do. Practi-
cal. 24. Siege of Lichfield. 25. Short Treatise on the
English Church. 26. Suggestions on the New Statute to
be proposed in the Univ. of Oxford.
"Among the writers who of late have sought to revive the
practical teaching of the English Church in a popular form, few
have been more successful than the author of Bernard Leslie.”
Gressop, Thomas. Pope's Primacie, Lon., 1560, 8vo.
This is a trans. from Nilus, Archbp. of Thessalonica.
Greswell, Edward, Fellow of Corpus Christi Coll.,
Oxf., a son of the Rev. William Parr Greswell, (see post.)
1. An Expos. of the Parables and other parts of the Go-
An elaborate review of
pels, Lon., 1834-35, 5 vols. 8vo.
this "great and learned work" will be found in the Brit.
Crit. for Oct. 1835. 2. Harmonia Evangelica, Oxon., 1530,
Svo; 4th ed., 1845, 8vo. Part 6 was first added in 3d
ed., 1840, 8vo. R. Mimpriss's English Harmony should
accompany Greswell's work.
accompany Greswell's work. 3. Dissertations upon the
Principles and Arrangement of a Harmony of the Gos-
pels, 1830, 3 vols. 8vo; Supp. Dissert., 1834, 8vo; 2d oʻl.,
1837, 4 vols. in 5, 8vo. In the 2d ed. the Supp. Dissorts.
have been incorporated and much new matter added.
•
2. Oxford and Locke, 1829. Relates to the expulsion
of Locke from the Univ. of Oxford, and defends the Uni-
versity against the censures of Dugald Stewart.
Grenville, George, 1702-1770, M.P., filled the
offices of Treasurer of the Navy, First Lord of the Admi-
ralty, First Lord of the Treasury, and (1765) Chancellor
of the Exchequer. 1. Considerations on the Commerce
and Finances of England. 2. The Present State of the
Nation, 1769, 8vo. This was ascribed to Mr. Grenville,
and also to his former secretary, Mr. Knox. It was
answered by Edmund Burke in Observations on a late
Publication entitled The Present State of the Nation,
1769, 8vo.
"It is not going too far to say that there is scarcely one of Mr. | 1852, 5 vols. Svo; and General Tables, 4to.
His Harmony forms but a portion of the valuable critical
apparatus which he has constructed for the benefit of the crca?
student; and, taken together with the Dissertations, it will enable
the reader to make himself master of the whole range of inquiry
relating to the chronology of the New Testament and the struc
ture and composition of the Gospels."-Lon. Eclectic Rev., June,
1838.
4. Fasti Temporis Catholici, et Origenes Kalendariæ,
738
GRE
GRE
Greswell, Wm. 1. Comment. on the Burial Service,
Oxf., 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Popular View of the Corresp. be-
tween the Mosaic Ritual and the Facts and Doctrines of
the Christian Religion, 1834, 8vo.
"A valuable accession to the tracts which have already been
written thereon. Mr. Greswell has clearly proved and confirmed
the doctrine of the Apostle, that the law was merely a shadow of
good things to come."-Lom, Chris. Remembrancer.
Greswell, William Parr, Incumbent of Denton,
parish of Manchester, father of the Rev. Edward Gres-
well, (see ante,) 2. 1854, aged 89. 1. Memoirs of Angelus
Politianus, &c., Manches.. 1801, '05, 8vo.
"An elegantly-written and highly-interesting work.”—HORNE.
2. Annals of Parisian Typography, 1818, 8vo. 3. A
View of the Early Parisian Greek Press. Edited by his
son, Edward Greswell, Oxf., 1833, 2 vols. 8vo. Brunet
remarks of these two works:
"Ces deux ouvrages sont des compilations qui ne renferment
presque aucun fait nouveau, et cù nous avons remarqué bien des
inexactitudes. Néanmoins, ils se font lire avec intérêt."-Manuel
du Libraire. dc.
"Those who love to peruse such (bibliographical) researches
will find a rich treat in these volumes."-Lon. Athenæum.
"It displays great learning and research."—Lon. Lit. Gazette.
4. A Sequel to No. 3. This was suppressed. 5. The
Monastery of St. Werburg: a Poem, with Notes, 1823. Svo.
Gretton, George, D.D. A Charge, Lon., 1812.
Gretton, Phillips, D.D. Serms.,&c., 1725-32, all Svo.
Greville. Brit. India Analyzed, Lon., 1793. 3 vols. 8vo.
Greville, Rt. Hon. Charles. Con. on Nat. Philos.
to Phil. Trans., 1798, 1803, and Nich. Jour., 1799, 1803.
Greville, Mrs. Frances, was a daughter of James
Macartney, the wife of Fulke Greville, and the mother
of the celebrated beauty, Mrs. Crewe, and of Capt. Wil-
liam Fulke Greville. She wrote, about 1753, a short
about 1753, a short
poem, entitled Prayer for Indifference, which obtained
wide popularity, and elicited several responses, of which
the best-known is that by the Countess of C, pre-
sumed to be Isabella, Countess of Carlisle, who died in
1793.
Greville, Fulke, Fulk, or Foulk, Lord Brooke,
1554-1628, was son to Sir Fulke Grevill, of Beauchamp
Court, in Warwickshire. He was entered of Trinity Col-
lege, Cambridge, and subsequently completed his studies
at Oxford. After attaining distinction at court and being
honoured by a seat at the Privy Council, he was assassi-
nated by one of his domestics, named Ralph Heywood.
He was so much attached to an illustrious contemporary
poet that be styled himself on his tombstone THE
FRIEND OF SIR PHILIP SIDNEY:" and he wrote-1. The
•
Life of the renowned Sir Philip Sidney, pub. in 1652,
12mo. Reprinted by Sir Egerton Brydges at the private
press of Lee Priory, Kent, 1816, 2 vols. r. Svo. 2. A Letter
to an Hon. Lady. 3. A Letter of Travell. 4. Cælica; a
collection of 109 Songs. 5. A Treatise of Human Learn-
ing, in 15 stanzas. 6. An Inquisition upon Fame and
Honour, in 86 stanzas. 7. A Treatise of Warres, in 68
stanzas. S. Alaham; a Tragedy. 9. Mustapha; a Tra-
gedy. These tragedies, with a Letter to a Lady and the
Poems mentioned above, were pub. in a squab folio,"
squab folio,"
Lon., 1633, under the title of Certaine Learned and Ele-
gant Workes of the Right Honourable Fulke, Lord Brooke,
written in his Youth, and Familiar Exercise with Sir
Philip Sidney. Some of the smaller pieces had appeared
in England's Helicon, 1600. 10. A Speech in Parliament,
recorded by Lord Bacon. 11. Remains; being Poems on
Morality and Religion, 1670, Svo. The two following
have been ascribed to him, but are disputed:-12. Five
Yeares of King James, 1643, '51, 4to. 13. M. Tullius
Cicero; a Tragedy. Lord Brooke's works, whatever their
merits, are certainly not of that character which can com-
mand attention beyond their own age.
"A man of much note in his time, but one of those admired
wits who bave lost much of their reputation in the eyes of pos-
terity. A thousand accidents of birth, court-favour, or popularity,
concur sometimes to gild a slender proportion of merit.”—Wal-
pole's R. & N. Authors.
"Notwithstanding Lord Orford's detracting estimate of this
nobleman, he appears to have had a taste for all kinds of polite
learning, though his inclination as well as his genius led him par
ticularly to poetry and history; and Phillips or Milton [Theatrum
Poetarum] remarks, that in all his poems is observable a close,
mysterious, and sententious way of writing, but without much
regard to elegancy of style or smoothness of verse."-PARK.
The author has been so careful in Mustapha] in observing the
Rules of Aristotle and Horace, that whereas Horace says,
'Neo quarta loqui persona laboret,'
he has in no scene throughout infroduced above two Speakers,
except in the Chorus between each Act: and even there he ob-
serves all the Rules laid down by that great Master in the Art of
Poetry."-Langbaine's Dramatick Poets.
i
Bolton, in his Hypercritica, styles this tragedy the
"Matchless Mustapha ;" and Davies of Hereford inscribed
fourteen lines "to the immortal memory and deserved
honour of the writer of the tragedy of Mustapha." Sir
Philip Sidney thus welcomes his two "worthy friends and
fellow-poets, Sir Edward Dyer and Mr. Fulke Grevill."
"Welcome my two to me!
The number best beloved,
Within my heart you be
In friendship unremoved.
Joyne hands and hearts, so let it be,
Make but one minde in bodies three.'
""
Other stanzus; vide Davidson's Porticoll Rhapsody. 1602.
Bishop Corbet thought his lordship's accomplishments
worthy of commemoration:
"The phrase and welcome of the knight did make
The seat more elegant; every word he spake
Was wine and music.”
Visit to Lord Brook, in his Iter Boreale.
Baxter, the celebrated Nonconformist, thus refers to his
Poems of Monarchy and Religion:
Sir Fulk Grevill. Lord Brook, a man of great note in his age,
hath a poem lately printed (1670) for subject's liberty, which ĺ
greatly wonder this age could bear.”—Prefatory Address to Bux-
ter's Poetical Fragments, 16$1.
might with more propriety have been termed political treatises
"These two Tragedies of Lord Brooke [Alaham and Mustapha]
than plays. Their author has strangely contrived to make pas-
sion, character, and interest, of the highest order, subservient to
the expression of state dogmas and mysteries.
Whether we
look into his plays, or bis most passionate love-poems, we shall
find all frozen and made rigid with intellect."-CHARLES LAMB.
•••
"The titles of Lord Brooke's poems, A Treatise of Human Learn-
ing. A Treatise of Monarchy, A Treatise of Religion, An Inquisi-
tion upon Fame and Honour, lead us to anticipate more of sense
than fancy. In this we are not deceived; his mind was pregnant
with deep reflection upon multifarious learning. but he struggles
to give utterance to thoughts which he had not fully endowed
with words. and amidst the shackles of rhyme and metre which
he had not learned to manage. Hence, of all our peets be may be
reckoned the most obscure; in aiming at condensation he becomes
elliptical beyond the bounds of the language, and his rhymes,
being forced for the sake of sound, leave all meaning behind. Lord
Brooke's poetry is chiefly worth notice as an indication of that
thinking spirit upon political science which was to produce the
riper speculations of lobbes, and Harrington, and Locke."-Hul
lam's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
"As to Fulke Greville, he is like nothing but one of his own
Prologues spoken by the ghost of an old king of Ormus.' a truly
formidable and inviting personage: his style is apocalyptical,
cabalistical. a knot worthy of such an apparition to untie: and
for the unravelling a passage or two. I would stand the brunt of
an encounter with so portentous a commentator."-Hazlitt's Table
Talk: Of Persons One Would Wish to Have Seen.
Greville, Fulke, grandson of the fifth Lord Brooke,
and husband of Mrs. Frances Greville. 1. Maxims, Cha-
racters, and Reflections, Lon. 1757, '68, 8vo.
"A work of considerable reputation.”—Lon.Month.Rev..Nov.1790.
Monthly Reviewers, 1790, Svo.
2. Reflection; a Poem, 1790, 4to. 3. Letter to the
See on. Month. Rev.,
ubi supra.
Greville, Henry F. Polit., &c.works, 1804-11, all So.
Greville, Robert, Lord Brooke, slain in the Parlia-
mentary army at Lichfield in 1643, in his thirty-fifth year,
Greville, Lord Brooke.
was the adopted heir and successor to his cousin Fulke
1. The Nature of Truth, Lou.,
1641, Svo.
Episcopie which is Exercised in England, 1641, 4to.
1641, Svo. 2. A Discourse opening the Nature of that
Assisted therein by some puritanical minister, and printed
when the press was open to receive all books against the preroga
tive and bishops."-Athen. Oxon.
"Dedicated to the parliament by him who, both for his life and
for his death, deserves that what advice he left should not lie by
without perusal.”—JOHN MILTON: Prose Works, q. v.
the Speech of Philip, Earl of Pembroke, &c., 1642, 4to.
3. Two Speeches at Guildhall, 1642, 4to. 4. Answer to
Not the production of Greville, but drawn up by the Earl
of Clarendon as containing Greville's sentiments. 5. Speech
at Election, 1643, 4to.
Lord Clarendon considered that Greville's death was a
judgment of Providence:
looked upon as a monument of divine vengeance was by the
"It is observable that the same man who was by one party
other reverenced as a saint. Baxter has placed Lord Brooke in
heaven together with White, Pym, and Hampden."-Granger's
Bing. Hist. of Eng.
"A person who for the nobleness of his extraction, and many
personal endowments, deserved a better fate; at least to have
fallen in a better cause; and who, had he lived, (it is believed by
his friends.) would soon have seen through the pretences of a
faction."-Sir Wm. Dugdale's Baronage.
But this supposition elicits the violent indignation of
Horace Walpole:
"There is not the least reason to suppose that this Lord Brooke
would have abandoned his principles."-R. and N. Authors. q. v.
See also Biog. Brit.; Lloyd's State Worthies; Lord
Clarendon's Life and Hist.; Lodge's Illust.
Greville, Robert Kaye. 1. The Scottish Crypto-
gamic Flora, Edin., 1822-28, 6 vols. r. 8vo, 360 plutes,
739
GRE
GRE
rol'd. £16 16,.; uncol'd, £10 108. This should accompany
the 36 vols. of Sowerby's English Botany, which work does
not comprehend Cryptogamous Plants. Greville's work
is of the highest authority:
“A truly admirable work, whether we consider the importance
of its critical discussions, the accuracy of the drawings, or the
minuteness of the analyses.”—Loudon's Garden, Mag.
2. Flora Edinensis; Plants of Edinburgh, 1824, 8vo.
3. Algæ Britannicæ, Svo. 4. R. K. G. and Sir Wm. J.
Hooker. Icones Filicum; or, Figures and Descrip. of Ferns,
&c., 1829-31, 2 vols. fol., 240 plates; col'd, £25 48.; un-
col'd, £12 128. This is Sir Wm. J. Hooker's greatest
work, v. n.
Grew, J., M.D. Yellow Fever at Gibraltar, &c.
Grew, Nehemiah, M.D., 1628 ?-1711, an eminent
vegetable anatomist and physiologist, was a son of the
Rev. Dr. Obadiah Grew, (see post.) He was a man of great
learning and piety, and in his writings endeavoured to
lead his readers
"From Nature up to Nature's God."
1. The Anatomy of Vegetables, Lon., 1672, Svo. 2. Ana-
tomy of Plants, 1672, Svo. 3. Idea of a Phytological
Hist. of Plants, &c., 1673, '75, '77, Svo. 4. Anatomy of
Plants, &c., 1682, fol.
"The first book of his Anatomy of Plants, which is the title
given to three separate works, when published collectively in 1682,
contains the whole of his physiological theory, which is developed
at length in those that follow. The nature of vegetation and its
processes seem to have been unknown when he began, save that
commion observation and the more accurate experience of gardeners
and others must have collected the obvious truths of vegetable
anatomy." Hullam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, q. v.
1
For an account of Grew and his other works, see Biog.
Brit.; Ward's Gresham; Rees's Cyc.; Funl. Serm., by
Shower. Grew tells us that his Cosmologia Sacra was writ-
ten chiefly to demonstrate the truth and excellency of the
Bible.
Grey, Mrs. Colonel, has fairly earned a title to be
ranked as one of the most popular novelists of the day.
Among her works (pub. 1839-58) are-1. Alice Seymour.
2. Aline. 3. Belle of the Family. 4. Bosom Friend. 5.
Daughters. 6. Duke and the Cousin. 7. Gambler's Wife.
8. Hyacinthe. 9. Little Wife, and The Baronet's Daugh-
ters. 10. Mary Seaham. 11. Old Country House. 12. Old
Dower House. 13. Rectory Guest. 14. Sibyl Leonard. 15.
Young Prima Donna. 16. Young Husband. 17. Two Hearts.
Grey, Arthur, Lord. Services of Wm., Lord Grey
of Wilton. Edit. by Sir P. de Malpas G. Egerton, Camden
Soc., Lon., 1847, 4to.
:
盛
​"She had the innocency of childhood. the beauty of youth, the
solidity of middle, the gravity of old, age; .. the birth of a
princess, the learning of a clerk, the life of a saint, yet the death
of a martyr for her parents' offences.”—Fuller's Holy State.
1
The following work contains some letters, &c. of Lady
Jane's, and interesting details respecting her history and
that of the time:-Historia de la Vita e de la Morte de
Illustriss. Signora Giovanna Graia gia Regina eletta e
publicata d'Inghilterra, &c., por Michel-angelo Florio.
Appresso Richardo Pittore, 1607, sm. Svo.
Grey, Lt.-Col. John. Polit. Tracts, Lon., 1810,
both Svo.
Grey, Maria G., and her sister Emily Shirreff.
Thoughts on Self-Culture, addressed to Women, Lon.,
1850, 54, 2 vols. p. Svo.
C6
Grew, Obadiah, D.D., 1607-1698, father of the pre-
ceding, minister of St. Michael's, Coventry, was ejected at
the Restoration, for nonconformity. 1. Serm., 1663, 4to.
2. Serm., 1670, Svo. 3. Meditations upon the Parable of
the Prodigal Son, 1678, 4to.
!
Grey. The Essential Principles of the Wealth of Na-
tions; Illustrated in opposition to some False Doctrines
opposition to some False Doctrines
of Dr. Adam Smith and others, 1797, Svo.
We have never perused a work addressed to women more full
of practical common sense.”—Ladies' (Amer.) National Mag.
Grey, Nicholas, 1590-1660, a native of London,
Master of the Charterhouse School, 1614; of Merchant
Taylors' School, 1624; of Eton, 1631; ejected during the
Rebellion, and restored at the Restoration. 1. Luculenta
tionary in Lat.-Eng. and Eng.-Lat.
Sacra Scriptura, &c., Lon., 1647, '66, Svo. 2. A Dic-
3. Parabolæ Evan-
I
Grey, Earl. The Colonial Policy of Lord J. Rus-
sell's Administration, Lon., 1853, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., with
addits., 1855, 2 vols. Svo.
gelicæ, &c., Svo.
"Noted for a pure Latinist and Grecian.”—Athen. Oxm., q. v. ;
and see Wilson's Hist. of Merchant Taylors' School; Harwood's
Alumni Etouenses.
Grey, Auchitell, thirty years M.P. for the county
of Derby. Debates of the House of Commons, 1667-
94, Lon., 1763, 10 vols. 8vo.
Grey, Ford Lord. 1-5. Pamphlets, 1738-50; see
Lowndes's Bibl. Man. 6. The Secret Hist. of the Rye-
House Plot and of Monmouth's Rebellion, 1754, 8vo.
Grey, Capt. Sir George, K.C.B., 1848; Lieut.-Gov.
S. Australia, 1841; Gov. of New Zealand, 1846; Gov., &c.
of the Cape of Good Hope, 1854. 1. Journals of Two
peditions in N.W. and Western Australia in 1837-39, Lon.,
1841, 2 vols. 8vo.
pole's R. and N. Authors; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Nichols's
Leicestershire under Broadgate Park; and see conclusion
of this article. Although only between sixteen and seven-
teen years of age at the time of her death, Lady Jane
was one of the best scholars England has produced.
Edward VI. was considered a prodigy of learning, but
Lady Jane far excelled him. Indeed, the fame of this
learned child was sounded throughout Europe, and was
the pride of the great Latinists and Grecians at home :
"The French, Italian, Latin, and Greek, especially, were as
natural to her as her own; for she not only understood them per-
fectly, but spoke and wrote them with the greatest freedom; and
this not in the opinion of superficial judges, but of Mr. Aschan
and Dr. Aylmer, men who in point of veracity are as much above
suspicion as in respect to their abilities they were incapable of
being deceived: men who for their learning were the wonder of
their own times and of ours; the former famous for Roman accu
racy, the latter one of the severest criticks in those learned times.
She was versed likewise in Hebrew. Chaldee, and Arabic, and all
this while a perfect child."-Biog. Brit.
"Aristotle's praise of women is perfected in her. She possesses
good manners, prudence, and a love of labour. She possesses
every talent without the least weakness of her sex. She speaks
French and Italian as well as she does English. She writes
readily and with propriety. She has more than once spoken
Greek to me.”—ROGER ASCHAM.
Grey, Richard, D.D., 1694-1771, a native of New-
castle, entered of Lincoln Coll., Oxf., 1712; Rector of Hin-
ton, Northamptonshire, 1721; became Rector of Kincote,
Leicestershire, and Preb. of St. Paul's. His principal
works are:-1. Memoria Technica, Lon., 1730, '32, 75, '92.
Last ed., 1851, 12mo. Abridged by J. H. Todd, 1840, 18mo.
2. Eng. Eccles. Law, 1730, 32, '36, '43, Svo. The last is
the best ed. 3. Hebrew without Points, 1738, Svo. 4. Liber
Jobi, in Versiculos Metrice Divisus, &c., 1742, Svo.
A learned and valuable work."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Grey's Liber Jobi was criticized by Mr.—afterwards
Bishop-Warburton, and Gray responded in (5) An An-
swer to Mr. Warburton's Remarks, &c., 1744, Svo.
"Dr. Grey was a disciple of Schultens and Hare. In bis Job he
ment of the latter."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
adopts the translation of the former and the metrical arrange
6. The Last Words of David, divided according to the
Metre, with Notes Crit. and Explan., 1749, 4to.
"Ingenious and elegant, and was intended as a specimen of a
Ex-translation of the poetical passages of the Old Testament, but
which I believe was never published.Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Dr. Grey pub. a number of sermons, &c.
Lothians, Lon., 1842, 8vo. 2. Scotch Farming in Eng-
Grey, Robert Hyde. 1. Scotch Farming in the
land, 1842, 8vo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
“We have rarely seen a more interesting book."-Lon. Examiner.
2. Vocabulary of the Dialect of S.W. Australia, 1841,
18mo. 3. Polynesian Mythology, and Ancient Traditional
Hist. of the New Zealand Race, 1855, p. 8vo. "Valuable
as presenting many points of affinity between the Poly-
nesian and other mythologies." See a Letter to Sir George,
by Sir T. Tancred, (on Criminals,) and another by R. B.
Sanderson, Jun., (on Apprenticeship,) both 1857, 8vo.
Grey, Lady Jane, 1537-1554, a descendant of Ed-rier, 1752, Svo.
ward IV. and Henry VII., and still more illustrious for
her virtues and accomplishments, has already largely
claimed our notice in our Life of ROGER ASCHAM. Her
Literary Remains-which consist of Latin Epistles and
Verses, English Letters, devout treatises, &c.-were pub.
in 1 vol. p. 8vo, 1825, by Sir N. H. Nicolas. In addition
In addition
to the histories of England, see Biog. Brit.; Fox's Mar-
tyrs; Ballard's Memoirs; Strype's Memoirs; Park's Wal-
710
Grey, Thomas. Serm., 1685, 4to.
Quarter Sessions, Leicester, Lon., 1692, 4to.
Grey, Thomas, Earl of Stamford. Speech at the
Grey, Thomas. Serm., 1715, 12mo.
Grey, Thomas de. 1. The Compleat Horseman
and Expert Farrier, 1651, '56, '70, 4to. 2. Expert Far-
Grey, Wm. Chorographia; or, a Survey of New-
castle-upon-Tyne, Newcast., 1649, sm. 4to; 1813, sm. fol.
Reprinted in Harleian Miscell., vol. iii.
Grey, Sir Wm. de. The Gout, Lon., 1772, 8vo.
Grey, Zachary, LL.D., 1687-1766, educated at Jesus
Coll., Cainb., became Rector of Houghton Conquest, Bed-
fordshire, and Vicar of St. Peter's and St. Giles's, Cam-
bridge. His best-known work-the edit. of Hudibras-
GRE
GRI
La Geen already noticed in our life of SAMUEL BUTLER.
Among his other publications are An Examination of the
2d, 3d, and 4th books, &c. of Neal's Hist. of the Puritans,
(pub. by Grey, 1736, 37, 39, 44,) many pieces against
the Dissenters, and several pamphlets against Bishop War-
burton, Oldmixon, &c. Grey was a contributor to Peck's
Desiderata, and assisted Whalley in his ed. of Shakspeare.
For a detailed account of his literary labours consult
Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Cole's MS. Athenæ in Brit. Museum;
Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Warburton's attack on Grey's Hudibras was not consi-
dered especially complimentary. In his Preface to Shak-
speare he does not hesitate to say that he
.6
Hardly thinks there ever appeared in any learned language
so execrable a heap of nonsense under the name of Commentaries
as bath lately been given us on this satiric poet.”
Fielding refers to our author as
"The laborious, much read Dr. Zachary Grey, of whose abun-
dant notes to Iudibras I shall only say that it is. I am confident,
the single book extant in which above 500 authors are quoted
not one of which could be found in the collection of the late Dr.
Mead."-Preface to Voyage to Lisbon.
Yet Dr. Warton remarks that
"If Butler is worth reading he is worth explaining: and the
searches used for so valuable and elegant a purpose merit the thanks
cf genius and candour, not the satire of prejudice and ignorance."
Greyson, T. Obs. on the V. Disease, 1796, Svo.
Grice, Charles Valentine Le. See LE GRICE.
Grice, Thomas. Short Vindic. of the Constit. of
the Ch. of Eng., Lon., 1689, 4to.
Gridley, Jeremiah, d. 1767, Attorney-General of
the Province of Massachusetts, a distinguished lawyer,
wrote many articles of great merit in The Weekly Re-
hearsal, pub. in Boston, 1731, &c., of which he was editor.
See Thomas's Hist. of Printing; Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll.,
1st series, iii. 301, v. 212; Bost. Postboy, Sept. 14, 1767;
Minot, i. SS-90; Gordon, i. 141; Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.
Grier, Rev. Richard. 1. Answer to Ward's Errata
of the Prot. Bible, Lon., 1812, 4to. 2. Epit. of the General
Councils of the Church, 325-1563, &c., Dubl., 1828. Sro.
“A very useful compendium, particularly to those who have
not the opportunity of consulting the great collections."-Bicher-
stell's C. S.
Grier, Wm. 1. Mechanics' Pocket Dictionary, Edin.,
12mo. 2. Mechanics' Calculator, 12mo.
"We do not know a more useful companion than this work
would prove to all persons going out to new or thinly-peopled
countries.”—Metropol. Mag.
Grierson, Constantia, d. 1733, aged 27, a native
of Kilkenny, born in an humble sphere of life, attained
celebrity by her learning and piety. Her husband, George
Grierson, was a printer in Dublin, and Lord Carteret gave
the family the lucrative patent office of King's Printer in
Ireland. The patent expired in 1846. 1. An ed. of Taci-
tus, Dubl., 1730, 3 vols. Svo. Dedicated to Lord Carteret.
"Dr. Harwood esteems her Tacitus one of the best-edited books
ever published."
2. An ed. of Terence. Dedicated to Lord Carteret's son,
to whom she also wrote a Greek epigram. See Ballard's
Memoirs; Cibber's Lives; Pref. to Mrs. Barber's Poems;
Boswell's Life of Johnson.
drew's, 1807, 12mo.
Philos., 1813, '14. '17.
Griffin, Edward Dorr, D.D., 1770-1837, President
of Williams College, Mass., 1821-36, had previously to his
election been Prof. of Pulpit Eloquence in the Theolog. Sem.
at Andover, and was settled as a minister both at Newark
and Boston. Sixty Serms. on Prac. Subjects, N.Y., Svo.
“One of the most popular pulpit orators America has produced.
He had taste. and feeling, and enthusiasm. and his powers of de-
rescription were unrivalled.”—English notice. See the Life of Dr.
Griffin. by Rev. W. B. Sprague. pub. in N. York.
Griffin, Edward Loggin. Original instruments rel.
to the diocese of Gloucester, Cirenc., 1720. Svo.
Griffin, Eliz. Juvenile Tales, &c., 1799, &c.
Griffin, Frederick. Junius Discovered, Bost., 1854,
12mo. See Juxius.
Grierson, James, M.D. 1. Delineation of St. An.
2. Mineralogical con. to Thom. Ann.
Grierson, Rev. James. Treatise on the Lord's
Supper, Edin., 1839, fp. Svo.
“The addresses are very scriptural.”—Edin. Chris. Instruc.
Grieve, James, M.D. 1. Trans. of Celsus, of Medi-
eine, Lon., 1756, Svo. 2. Hist. of Kamtschatka, &c., from
2. Hist. of Kamtschatka, &c., from
the Russian of Kraskeninicoff, 1763, 4to. Glouces., 1764,
4to. Also pub. at St. Petersburg.
Grieve, John, M.D. 1. Dropsy: Med. Com., 1785.
2. Koumiss Wine; Trans. Soc., Edin., 1788.
Grieve, Wm. Con. to Med. Com., 1785.
Griffies, Thomas. The Journey to Brighton; an
Heroic-Comic Poem, Lon., 17SS, 4to.
Griffin, Rev. Mr. Future State, Lon., 1755, Svo.
Griffin, Anthony. Astrolog. Judgment, 1655, Svo.
Griffin, B. Fidessa more Chaste than Kinde, 1596,
16mo; Chiswick, 1815. 100 copies printed. with an
advertisement by Mr. Singer. This is a collection of
amatory sonnets.
!
Griffin, Rev. Edmund Dorr, 1804-1830, a native
of Wyoming, Pennsylvania, was the son of George Griffin,
LL.D., a member of the New York Bar, and the author
of a volume pub. in 1850, entitled The Gospel Its Own
Advocate, N. York, 12mo. The subject of this notice
The subject of this notice
entered Columbia Coll., N. York, 1819; graduated, 1823;
ordained deacon in the Episcopal Church, 1826. On his
return from a trip to Europe in 1830, taken with the hope
of benefiting his health, he delivered a course of lectums
in Columbia College on Roman, Italian, and English Lite-
rature, which gave great satisfaction. Literary remains,
edited by his brother, F. Griffin, with a Memoir by Rev.
John McVickar, D.D., N. York, 1831, 2 vols. 8vo. These
vols. contain poems, journals from his tour in Europe, and
extracts from his lectures.
·
· We cannot doubt for a moment that thousands of British hearts
will be touched with affection and esteem for the delightful character
of their American brother."-Blackwood's Mag.
An interesting notice of Griffin, and a review of his
Literary Remains, by Wm. Cullen Bryant, will be found
in the N. Amer. Rev., xxxiv. 119-144. See also a paper
by Rev. N. L. Frothingham, in Chris. Exam., xi. 270, and
one by R. Palmer, in Chris. Quar. Rev., iii. 651.
Griffin, George, LL.D. The Gospel its own Advo-
cate. N. York, 1850, 12mo. See GRIFFIN, REV. EDMUND D.
Griffin, Gerald, 1803-1840, a novelist of some note,
was a native of Limerick, emigrated to London in his
twentieth year, and became first a reporter for the daily
press, and subsequently an author. In 1838 he joined the
Christian Brotherhood (R. Catholic) of Cork, and two years
later was cut off by a fever. His first publication-Holland-
Tide, or Munster Popular Tales-appeared in 1827; and
their reception was so encouraging that he was induced to
give to the world, in the same year, his Tales of the Mun-
ster Festivals. The contents of the collective ed. of his
works, pub. in S vols. fp. Svo, 1842-43, and again in 1846,
are as follows: Vol. I. Life, by his Brother. II. Collegians.
III. Card-Drawing: The Half Sir; Suil-Dhuv. IV. The
Rivals; Tracy's Ambition. V. Holland-Tide. VI. Duke
of Monmouth. VII. Tales of the Jury-Room. VIII.
Poetry. To the first vol. of above series, and to Miss Mit-
ford's Recollections of a Literary Life, we must refer the
reader for further information respecting Griffin and his lite-
rary labours. See also Dublin Univ. Mag., xxiii. 157–170.
--
The author of the Collegians must live; and as an able de-
lineator of our national feelings-as an expounder of that subtlest
of problems, the Irish heart-he cannot be forgotten; but with
Carleton, and Banim, and Miss Edgeworth, and one or two more,
he will take his place in our Irish firmament, and form a portion
of that galaxy to which we are wont to look with wonder and
pride."-Dublin Univ. Mag., ubi supra.
The book that. above any other. speaks to me of the trials, the
sufferings, the broken heart of a man of genius. is that Life of
Gerald Griffin, written by a brother worthy of him. which precedes
Griffin, Gregory.
the only edition of his collected works.”—MisS MITFORD : ubi supra.
Work, by G. G., 2d ed., 1786, Svo; 1787, 8vo; Windsor,
The Microcosm; a Periodical
John Smith, George Canning, Robert Smith, and John
1788, Svo; 1790, 2 vols. 12mo. Written by four Etonians,
Frere, with occasional assistance from other Etonians.
Griffin, John, 1769-1834, minister of an Independent
congregation at Portsea, wrote some theolog. treatises, &c.
Memoirs and Remains of, by his sons, Lon., 1840, Svo.
“It may be fairly placed with the lives of Matthew and I hilip
Henry, and Thomas Scott, and works of that profitable character"
-Lon. Evangel. Mag.
Griffin, John J. The Radical Theory of Chemistry,
cr. Svo.
Griffin, Robert. Interest Tables, Lon., 1775, Svo.
Griffin, W. Culture of the Pine-Apple, 1810, Svo.
Griffinhoof, Arthur. The Maskers of Moorfields;
a Vision, 1815.
Griffith, Capt. Military Law, Proceed. of Courts-
Martial. &c., Lon., 1841, 12mo.
Griffith, Alex. Strena Vavasoriensis; an account of
the doctrine, &c. of Vavasor Powell, &c., Lon., 1654, 4to.
Other theolog. works.
|
Tythes, Lon., 1787, Svo.
Griffith, Amyas.
Griffith, C., M.D. Walcheren Fever, Lon., 1810, Svo.
Griffith, Edward. 1. Vertebrated and Carnivorous
Animals, Lon., 1821, 2 vols. r. Svo, 2. Cuvier's Animal
Kingdom; trans. by E. G. and others. 16 vols. in demy
Svo, £26 Ss.; in r. Svr, cold, £51 128.; in demy 4to, In-
dia proof, £52 16s, pp. 9000, $14 engravings.
741
GRI
GRI
Griffith, Edward. 1. Ancient Records, &c., Lon.,
1827, Svo. 2. Exemp. from Poor Rates, 1830, 8vo.
Griffith, Mrs. Elizabeth, d. 1793, a lady of Welsh
descent, acquired some eminence as a novelist. She wrote,
in conjunction with her husband, Richard Griffith, The
Letters of Henry and Frances, and two novels, Delicato
Dishes and The Gordian Knot. Mrs. G. also wrote a num-
ber of other works, among which are Lady Barton; Juli-
ana Harley; some dramas; The Morality of Shakspeare's
Dramas Illustrated, &c. See Lon. Gent. Mag., xl. 264;
Ixiii. 104; Victor's Works; Miss Seward's Letters; Biog.
Dramat.
Griffith, Evan. Serm. at the Funl. of Sir Matt. Hale,
on Isa. lvii. 1, Lon., 1677, 4to.
Griffiths, Joshua. Ordination serm., Lon., 1754, Svo.
Griffiths, Lemuel. Fast serm., 1760, Svo.
prietor of the Monthly Review, established this work in
Griffiths, Ralph, LL.D., d. 1803, the editor and pro-
The
1749, and continued his supervision until his death.
Review lived almost a century-expiring in 1842. Much
interesting information relating to Griffiths and his Re-
view will be found in Prior's Life of Goldsmith, and other
records of the literature of the time; and we may be per-
Amitted to refer to an article by the present writer, entitled
A Review of Reviews, No. II., in Putnam's (N. York)
Monthly Magazine for March, 1853.
Griffiths, Roger. See GRIFFITH.
Griffith, George, Bishop of St. Asaph. Discourses
on the Lord's Supper; edit. by A. Allam, Oxon., 1684, Svo.
Griffith, George, D.D. Guedder Arglwydd Wedi ei
Hegluro; mewn amryw ymadroddion, neu Bregetheu Byr-
rion, Rhydychen, 1685, Svo.
Griffith, Major, and Mrs. George Darby.
Journey from India across the Desert, Lon., 1844, 2 vols.
Svo.
6. We cordially commend this work."-Lon. Globe.
Griffith, Guyon. Con. to Archæol., 1770, 74, '76.
Griffith, Henry, d. 1788, was the author of several
novels.
Griffith, J. W., M.D. 1. Urinary Deposits, Lon.,
1843. 12mo. 2. Manual on the Blood, 1846, 12mo. 3. By
J. W. Griffith and Arthur Henfrey, Micrographic Dic-
tionary, 1854-56, sm. 4to. A work of great value.
Griffith, John. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1655, '81.
Griffith, John. Serms. and Discourses, 1701-07.
Griffith, John, a preacher in the Society of Friends,
came to America in 1726, and travelled through N. Jersey,
Penna., &c. 1. Brief Remarks, Lon., 1764, Svo. 2. A
Journal of his Life, Travels, and Labours in the Work of
the Ministry, 1779, 8vo.
Griffith, John, M.D. 1. French Monuments, 1803,
8vo. 2. Travels in Europe, Asia Minor, and Arabia, Lon.,
1805, 4to. These travels have been trans. into French.
3. Worm-Shells; Phil. Trans., 1806.
Griffith, John. Serms., Lon., 1823, all 4to.
Griffith, Julia. Autographs for Freedom, edited by
J. G., N. York, 12mo.
Griffith, Matthew, D.D. Serms., &c., Lon., 1632-
65, all 4to.
Griffith, Mattie. Poems, now first collected, N. York,
1852, 12mo.
Griffith, Michael. See ALFORD.
Griffith, Moses, M.D. Fevers, 1776, '95, 8vo.
Griffith, Owen. Funl. Serm., 1681, Svo.
Griffith, Richard. A-la-mode Phlebotomy no good
Fashion, Lon., 1681, Svo.
Griffith, Richard, an Irishman, the husband of
ELIZABETH Griffith, q. v.
The Triumvirate, 1764, 2 vols.
12mo. A disreputable novel. He pub. some other works
in conjunction with his wife.
Griffith, Richard. Med. treatises, Lon., 1792, Svo.
Griffith, Richard. Inland Navigation, 1795.
Griffith, Richard, Jr. Geolog. and Mining Surveys,
Dubl., 1814-18, 2 vols. 8vo.
Griffith, Robert. Serms., &c., 1711-21.
Griffith, Robert Egglesfield, M.D., of Philadel-
phia. 1. Medical Botany, Phila., 1847, 8vo. 2. Universal
Formulary, 2d ed., pub. after the decease of the author;
edited by Robert P. Thomas, M.D., 1856, Svo. Dr. Griffith,
in addition to other professional literary labours, edited
medical works of Muller, Taylor, Christison, Garrad,
Payne, &c.
Griffith, Roger. River Thames, Lon., 1746, 8vo.
Griffith, Sophia. She Would be a Heroine, Lon.,
1816, 3 vols. 12mo.
Griffith, Thomas. Serms., 1757-73.
Griffith, Thomas, minister of Ram's Chapel, Homer-
ton. 1. Lects. on Confirmation and the Lord's Supper,
Lon., 1835, 12mo. 2. Serms., 1838, 12mo. Much esteemed,
Other works.
Griffith, W. P. 1. Temples of Greece, 1843, r. 8vo;
3d ed., 1847, r. 4to. 2. Natural System of Architecture,
Lon., 1845, r. 4to. 3. Ancient Gothic Churches, 1847, r.
4to. 4. Architectural Botany, 1852, 4to.
Griffith, W. See GRYFFITH.
Griffith, Wm. Legal treatises, &c.
| Treatise on Marine and Naval Architecture; or, Theory
and Practice blended in Ship-Building, N. York, 1850,
large 4to, pp. 420, 50 plates; 4th ed., 1854, 2 vols. sm. 4to.
"Not only valuable, but almost indispensable, to the modern
ship-builder."-Trübner's Bibl. Guide to Amer. Lit.
Also highly commended by Bell, Westervelt, Smith &
Dimon, McKay, Hart, and Skiddy, eminent ship-builders
in America, and by Mr. Aug. Normand, of Havre. 2. Ship-
Builder's Manual and Nautical Referee, 1853, 2 vols.
sm.
4to, pp. 400.
Griffiths, Charles, M.D. Hepatitis, 1816, 8vo.
Griffiths, John, M.D. See GRIFFITH.
Griffiths, John Willis, b. Oct. 6, 1809, in the city
of New York, senior editor of the Nautical Magazine. 1.
742
Griffiths, Thomas, Prof. of Chemistry in the Med.
Coll. of St. Bart. Hospital, London. 1. Recreations in
Chemistry, Lon., 1841, fp. Svo; 1850, 12mo. 2. Chemistry
of the Four Ancient Elements, 1842, fp. Svo; 1851, 12mo.
3. Chemistry of the Four Seasons, 1846, p. Svo; 1852,
12mo.
This volume illustrates in a simple, popular, and amusing
manner the chemical physiology of plants.”—Brit. and For. Med.
Rev.
··
5. Chemistry of the Crystal Palace, 1851, 12mo.
4. The Writing-Desk and its Contents, 1844, fp. 8vo.
lines of Chemistry, 18mo.
6. Ont.
Griffiths, Wm. Farriery, Wrexham, 1784, '87, Svo.
Griffitts, Samuel Powel, M.D., 1759-1826, a dis-
city, a man of great learning, piety, and usefulness, was
tinguished physician of Philadelphia, and a native of that
one of the editors of the (Medical) Eclectic Repertory.
An interesting biography of Dr. Griffitts will be found in
Thacher's Amer. Med. Biog.
Griffyth, John. Seri., Lon., 1698, 4to.
Griffyth, or Griffith, W.
1690, 4to.
Villare Hibernicuų..
Grigby, George. Heights and Distances, &c.,
1807, 4to.
Grigg, or Greg, John or Wm. Medical advice to
the Female Sex, Bath, 1789, '93, Svo.
Grigman, Stephen. Serm., 1728, 4to.
Griggs, Messrs. General View of the Agricult. of
the County of Essex, Lon., 1794, 4to.
C.
The information seems to be sufficiently correct, and the re-
marks are judicious.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Grigor, Alexander. 1. Game Laws of Scotland,
Edin., Svo. 2. Reports of the Genl. Assembly of Ch. of
Scot. for 1834, 1834, Svo.
Grigsby, Hugh Blair, b. in Norfolk, Virginia, 1806,
son of the Rev. Benjamin Grigsby, was a member of the
Virginia Convention of 1829-30, respecting which body
he wrote a Discourse in 1853, which was delivered before
the Historical Society of Virginia. He also wrote a Dis-
delivered before the College of William and Mary in Vir-
course on the Virginia Convention of 1776, which was
ginia, on the 3d of July, 1855; pub. in the same year.
"It treats in a clear, concise style, which frequently rises to the
level of high oratory, and which is throughout well sustained
and deeply attractive, the entire history of the Convention in
question, embracing admirable biographies of its members.
many which we of late months of
Revolutionary History-thanks to the patriotism and zeal of our
Historical Societies-we can recall none more deserving of com
mendation than this, as set forth in the volume before us.
commend it with the assurance that every one interested in Ame-
rican history will add it to his library."
We
Mr. Grigsby has contributed a number of articles to the
Southern Literary Messenger; among which is an inte-
resting paper on the Randolph Library.
Grim, C. F. Register of Deeds, N. York, 1822, 8vo.
Grimald, Nicholas. See GRIMBOLD.
Sources whence English Genealogies may be traced from
Grimaldi, Stacey. Origines Genealogica; or, the
the Conquest to the Present Time, 1828, 4to.
“Mr. Grimaldi must ensure to himself the respect of antiquaries
and the gratitude of his profession."-Lon. Retrosp. Rev., N. S., i.
520: 1827.
Grimbald, Nicholas. See GRIMBOLD.
Grimblot, Paul. Letters of William III. and Louis
XIV., and of their Ministers, Lon., 1848, 2 vols. 8vo. This
important work illustrates the domestic and foreign politics
GRI
GRI
of England from the Peace of Ryswick to the Accession
of Philip V. of Spain, 1697-1700.
"The Letters of William III. are both the most authentic and
the most satisfactory explanation of his policy during the three
momentous years that closed the seventeenth century.”—HALLAM.
The interval between the Peace of Ryswick and the breaking
out of the great war in 1702, though a short is a most interesting
one.”—Lord ChesterPJELD.
··
"The literary value of this work is very great, and it abounds
in new and interesting particulars; while it has the immense ad-
vantage of presenting for the first time, in an accessible and popu-
lar form, a mass of documents which will enable every one to ap-
preciate the national importance of the interests involved in the
great question of the Spanish Succession."-Edin. Rev.
"Before closing these volumnes, we must bear more particular
testimony to the great care bestowed upon them by the editor."-
Lon. Athenæum.
“A valuable collection of official papers, illustrative of a par-
ticular period.”—Lon. Spectator.
Grimbold, Grimald, Grimbald, or Grimoald,
Nicholas, d. about 1563, an English poet, educated at
Cambridge and Oxford, opened a rhetorical lecture in the
refectory of Christ Church, Oxford, wrote verses, and a
Latin tragedy, and made translations from the Greek and
Latin poets. His Latin tragedy of John the Baptist was
pub. in 1548; trans. from Cicero, 1553, '56, '58, '68, '74,
'96; from Virgil, 1591; Oratio, 1583; and his Songes
("written by N. G.") will be found annexed to the Songes
and Sonnettes of uncertain Auctours, printed by Tottell.
For further particulars, see authorities cited below.
|
He is the second English poet after Lord Surrey who wrote in
blank verse. Nor is it his only praise that he was the first who
followed in this new path of versification. To the style of blauk
verse exhibited by Surrey, he added new strength, elegance, and
modulation. . . . Grimoald, as a writer of verses in rhyme, yields
to none of his cotemporaries for a masterly choice of chaste ex-
pression, and the concise elegancies of didactic versification. Some
of the couplets, in his poem IN PRAISE OF MODERATION, have all
the smartness which marks the modern style of sententious poetry,
and would have done honour to Pope's ethic Epistles.”-
Hist. of Eng. Port.
"Nor was this polish of language peculiar to Surrey and his
friend, [Wyatt.] In the short poems of Lord Vaux, and of others
about the same time, even in those of Nicholas Grimoald, a lec-
turer at Oxford, who was no courtier, but had acquired a classical
taste, we find a rejection of obsolete and trivial phrases, and the
beginning of what we now call the style of our older poetry."-
Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
"In the disposition and conduct of his cadences he often ap-
proaches to the legitimate structure of the improved blank verse,
though not entirely free from those dissonances and asperities
which still adhered to the general character of our diction."—
Eliis's Spec. of the Early Eng. Poels.
See also Bale; Tanner; Strype's Cranmer; Bliss's
Wood's Athen. Oxon.
Grimes, Thomas. The Farrier, Lon., 1636, 12mo.
Grimestone, or Grimstone, Edward, trans. the
Hist. of Ostend, of the Netherlands, of Spain, and other
works, Lon., 1604-35. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Grimeston, Elizabeth.
Elizabeth. See GRYMESTON.
Grimeston, William, Lord Viscount. See
Grimshawe, Rev. T. S. 1. Memoir of Legh Rich-
2. Cowper's
mond, Lon., 1828, 8vo; 11th ed., 1846, 12mo.
Works and Life, 1835, 8 vols. 12mo. Last ed., 1847, 8 vols.
12mo. Of this ed. 70,000 had been issued up to 1853,
when the 8 vols. were repub., in 1 vol. r. 8vo, by Phillips,
Sampson & Co., of Boston, Mass. We have already
noticed Grimshawe's ed. of Cowper, q. v. 3. On the Future
Restoration and Conversion of the Jews, 1843, 12mo.
Grimston. Argument conc. Bishops, Lon., 1641, 4to.
Grimston, Hon. Miss. Arrangement of the Com-
mon Prayer Book and Lessons, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. 12mo,
18mo, and 32mo. The entire Morning Service is contained
in 1 vol., and the entire Evening Service in another vol.
Printed in large type.
Grimston, Edward. See GRIMESTON.
Grimston, Elizabeth. See GRYMESTON.
Grimston, Sir Harbottle, M.P., 15947-1683, an
eminent lawyer, Speaker of the House of Commons, Mas-
ter of the Rolls, 1660-83, was a warm yet moderate sup-
porter of the popular side during the Civil Wars temp.
Charles I. He was a son-in-law of Sir George Croke,
and pub. his reports, v. n. 1. Speech rel. to Archbp. Laud,
Lon., 1641, 4to. 2. Strena Christiana, 1644, 24mo.
English, Camb., 1644, Svo. 3. Sir George Croke's Reports.
Grimston, Henry. 1. A Short Account of various
Charitable Institutions in G. Brit. for the Benefit of the
Poor and Infirm, Lon., 1794, Svo. 2. Perkins's Metallic
Tractors, 1804, 12mo; 2d ed., 1805.
|
In
growing out of the French Revolution. Since his deceas
a revised ed. of his Hist. of the U. States has been pub.
by A. H. Grimshaw.
RIMSTON.
Grimké, Frederick, a brother of Thomas Smith
Grimké, (see post.) The Nature and Tendency of Free
The Nature and Tendency of Free
Institutions, Cincin., 1848, Svo.
Grimké, John F., d. 1819, Judge of the Supreme
Ct. of S. Carolina, and a colonel in the war of the Revolu-
tion. 1. Law of Executors for S. Carolina, 8vo. 2. Public
Law of S. Carolina, Phila., 1790, 4to. 3. Justice of the
l'eace, 2d ed., 1796, Svo.
Grimké, Thomas Smith, 1786-1834, a native of
Charleston, S. Carolina, educated at Yale College, became
an eminent lawyer and politician in his native State. He
was the author of a number of orations, &c. on legal,
educational, and other topics, and in 1831 pub. a vol. of
Addresses on Science, Education, and Literature, New
Haven, 12mo.
Grimoald, Nicholas. See GRIMBOLD.
Grimshaw, A. H. See GRIMSHAW, War.
Grimshaw, Wm., 1708-1763, Perpetual Curate of
Haworth, Yorkshire. Principles of True Christianity
Vindicated, Lon., 12mo. See Memoirs of the Life of W.
S., by Rev. John Newton, 1799, 12mo.
Grimshaw, Wm., 1782-1852, a native of Green-
castle, Ireland, emigrated to America in 1815, and lived
for many years in Philadelphia and its vicinity. 1. Hist.
of England; 2. of France; 3. of Greece; 4. of the U.
3. of Greece; 4. of the U.
States; 5. of Rome; 6. of S. America and Mexico. 7.
Life of Napoleon. 8. Etymological Dictionary. 9. Gen-
tleman's Lexicon. 10. Ladies' Lexicon. 11. Merchant's
Law Book. 12. Form Book. 13. American Chesterfield.
Mr. G. also pub. Questions and Keys to his histories, re-
vised eds. of Goldsmith's Rome, Greece, &c., of Ramsay's
Life of Washington, and of Baine's Hist. of the Wars
Grimston, William, Lord Viscount, 1692?-1756.
The Lawyer's Fortune; or, Love in a Hollow Tree, Lon.,
1705, 4to; 1736, Svo and 12mo. Sine anno, 4to. Rotter-
dam, 1725, 12mo. This comedy was written when the author
was only thirteen years of age. He subsequently bought
up all the copies he could find. When he was a candi-
date for the borough of St. Alban's, Sarah, Duchess of
Marlborough, repub. his lordship's juvenile effusion, (1736,
12mo,) and had it circulated among the electors. His lord-
ship, who was really a most worthy man, was ridiculed both
by Pope and Swift. The former, referring to the peer's
residence at Gorhambury, near St. Alban's, exclaims:
"Shades that to Bacon did retreat afford
Are now the portion of a booby Lord."
And Swift says:
M
The leaden crown devolv'd to thee,
Great poet of the Hollow Tree."
This is all very absurd when considered as levelled
against the effusions of a bard of thirteen years of age.
See Whincop's List of Dramat. Poets; Biog. Dramat.
Grindal, or Gryndall, Edmund, D.D., 1519-1583,
a native of Hinsingham, Cumberland, educated at Mag-
dalen Coll., Christ's Coll., and Pembroke Hall, Camb.;
Fellow of Pembroke Hall, 1538; President, 1549; Preb.
of Westminster, 1552; fled to Strasbourg on the accession
of Mary in 1553; returned home on the accession of Eliza-
beth, 1558, and assisted in
beth, 1558, and assisted in compiling the new liturgy;
Bishop of London, 1559; Archbishop of York, 1570; trans.
to Canterbury, 1575. He was an eloquent preacher, and
so zealous for the advancement of religion that he refused
to obey Elizabeth when she ordered him to substitute the
reading of homilies for pulpit ministrations-to "abridge
the number of preachers and put down the religious exer-
cises."
This firmness led to his being sequestered for a
time by her majesty. 1. Profitable and Necessarye
Doc-
trine, &c., Lon., 1555, 4to. 2. A Serm., 1564, 4to and Svo.
The same in Latin, by John Fox, 1564, 4to. 3. Remains,
edit. for the Parker Society by the Rev. Wm. Nicholson,
Rector of St. Maurice, Winchester, Camb., 1843, Svo. He
assisted Fox in his Acts and Monuments.
"Queen Elizabeth highly favouring him for his learning, piety
and modesty, and single life, till at last he lost her love by the
mischievous practices of his enemies. His fault was for keeping
others from breaking two of God's commandments."—Fuller's
Worthies of Cumberland.
See Strype's Life of Grindal, Lon., 1710, fol.; Oxf., 1821,
Svo; A Brief and True Account of Edm. Grindal, 1710,
Svo; Memorials resp. his Suspension, &c., 1710, Svo;
Biog. Brit.; Harrington's Brief View of the State of the
Ch. of Eng.; Le Neve's Lives of the Bishops; Hutchin-
son's Cumberland, vol. xi.
Grindal, Wm. See GRYNDALL.
Grindall, Richard. Surg. con. to Phil. Trans., 1757.
Grindlay, Capt. Robert Melville. 1. Views in
India, Lon., 1826, 30, atlas 4to, 36 plates, £S S8.; col❜d,
£12 12s.
CHRISTOPHER NORTH. A beautiful and splendid work.'
"SHEPHERD. There maun be thousans o' leebraries in Britain,
713
GRI
GRI
a voluminous author, and had achieved an amount of
labour at an early period of life-for the productions upon
2. Sculptures in the Cave-Temples of Ellora, 1830, r. fol.; which his reputation is chiefly founded have been before
8 plates. 3. Map of India, 1837. 4. Hints for Travellers
to India, detailing the Several Routes, 1847, 12mo.
Grinfield, Rev. Edward William. 1. Novum
Testamentum Græcum, Editio Hellenistica, 2 vols. Scho-
lia in N. T. instruxit atque ornavit E. Grinfield, 2 vols.;
Lon., 1843-48, 4 vols. Svo. Designed to show the close
connexion of the Greek Testament with the Septuagint.
It contains upwards of 30,000 doctrinal and grammatical
illustrations, which are arranged respectively under each
verse for the convenience of the Student and Divine.
We
need hardly say that the labours of the editor have been
great indeed to quote from his Preface:
•
Per decem annos in hæc Editione conficiendâ operam studi-
umque impensè elocavi."
VAC
He intended to have increased his labours by the addi-
tion of a threefold collation of the Hebrew, LXX., and
New Testament. For an account of this truly great work
we must refer to Horne's Bibl. Bibl., and the London
Chris. Rememb. for April, 1848.
2. Apology for the Septuagint, in which its Claims to
Biblical and Canonical Authority are stated and vindi-
cated, 1850, 8vo.
private and public, that ought to hae sic a wark. —Noctes ¿im-
brosiana.
"This Apology may be regarded as a natural sequel to my Hel-
lenistic Edition of the Greek Testament."-Extract from the Pre-
face.
By a recent statute of the Senate at Oxford, the study
of the Septuagint is, for the first time, made indispensable
to all who stand for honours. Mr. Grinfield has pub. a
number of serins. and theolog. and other treatises.
Grinfield, Thomas. Poems, Serm., &c., 1815-22.
Grinvile. See GRENVILLE.
Grisaunt, Wm., a physician, astronomer, and mathe-
matician of the 14th century, studied at Merton Coll., Oxf.,
and subsequently removed, first to Montpellier and then to
Marseilles, where he practised with great reputation. Bale
and Pits give lists of his works, none of which are known
to be extant. See Bale; Pits; Aikin's Mem. of Med.
Griscom, John, Prof. of Chemistry and Natural
Philos. in the N. York Institution. A Year in Europe,
A Year in Europe,
1818-19, N. York, 1823, 2 vols. 8vo.
"We hardly know a work of equal size that contains so many
practical details and statements respecting those European esta-
blishments which may now be rendered useful in our own practical
country.... It is a book which, in all respects. does credit to its
author as a member of the Society of Friends, and can therefore
hardly fail of being interesting and useful to the public."-GEORGE
TICKNOR N. Amer. Rev., xyiii. 178-192; 1824. q. v.
Grisdale, Browne, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1789, 4to.
Grisenthwaite, Wm. 1. Sleep; a Poem, &c., Lon.,
1812, 12mo. 2. New Theory of Agricult., 1820, 12mo.
"The pity is that any notice of agriculture should be concealed;
for, though little or no substantial good may accrue from such
essays as the above work, yet it is pleasant to read the nibblings
of any imagination at objects that are beyond its reach, and pro-
bably too big for its capacity. Such attempts have sometimes
caught the subject in the true light, and hence amply repaid all
former exertions."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Griswold, Hiram. Reports of Cases in Sup. Ct. of
Ohio, in Bane, Columbus, 1846, Svo. This is lettered Vol.
XIV. of Ohio Reports.
the public for a number of years-highly creditable to his
literary industry. In addition to the works which we are
about to notice, he gave to the world from time to time,
without his name, partly or entirely written by himself,
six or eight works on history and biography, a novel,
and contributions to magazines and newspapers sufficient
seven discourses on historical and philosophical subjects,
to fill a dozen octavo volumes.
Griswold, Rufus Wilmot, D.D., 1815-1857, a
native of Benson, Rutland county, Vermont, is a descend-
ant in the ninth generation from George Griswold, of Ken-
ilworth, England, and on the mother's side is descended
in the eighth degree from Thomas Mayhew, the first
Governor of Martha's Vineyard. The subject of this
notice seems to have divided the earlier years of his life
between his duties as a minister in the Baptist Church
and the literary management of a number of journals in
several of the principal cities of the Union. Among these
may be mentioned The New Yorker, The Brother Jona-
than, and the New World. In 1842-43 he was the editor
of Graham's Magazine; and from August, 1850, to April,
1852, conducted The International Magazine, the plan
of which was projected by himself. Dr. Griswold was
744
1. Poems, N. York, 1841, 12mo. Anon. 2. Sermons,
1841. 12mo.
"His acquirements in theology are very extensive. . . . In theo-
logy he is all bone and muscle. His sermons are his finest compo
sitions, and he delivers them from the pulpit with taste and elo-
quence."-E. P. WHIPPLE.
3. The Biographical Annual for 1842, 12mo. An excel-
lent plan, and one which it would be well to revive.
4. The Curiosities of American Literature. This was
pub. as an appendix to an American ed. of Disraeli's
Curiosities of Literature. 5. The Poets and Poetry of
America, Phila., 1842, Svo; 16th ed., continued to the pre-
sent time, 1855. This work was a great advance upon all
attempts of a similar character which had preceded it; and
in this volume and the two works which followed it-The
Prose Writers of America and the Female Pets of Ame-
rica-we had presented for the first time A Survey of the
Literature of the United States. From the many notices
before us of these invaluable volumes-to which the pre-
sent work has been greatly indebted-we regret that our
quotations must be so few in number and so brief in
extent.
From Bishop Potter's Hand-Book for Readers:
“The critical and biographical notes are brief but discriminative
and elegant."
From the North American Review, lviii. 1-39, Jan.
1844, by E. P. Whipple:
"Although we deem Mr. Griswold deserving of a little gentle
correction for his literary beneficence. we are not insensible to his
merits. The work before us must have demanded the labour of
years.
We think therefore that Mr. Griswold has succeeded
patient research and general correctness of taste are worthy of
as well in his task as the nature of the case admitted; that bis
praise; that his difficulties and temptations would have extenu-
ated far graver errors than he has committed, and that his volume
well deserves the approbation it has received.”
From Edgar A. Poe's Literati :
"We know no one in America who could or who would have
21
Griswold, Alexander Viets, D.D., of the Episco-
pal Church, Bishop of the Eastern Diocese, d. in Boston, performed the task here undertaken, at once so well in accordance
Mass., 1843, aged 76. For particulars connected with the with the judgment of the critical, and so much to the satisfaction
career of this excellent prelate we refer the reader to his of the public. The labours, the embarrassments, the great diffi-
Memoirs by John S. Stone, D.D., Phila., Svo; Northamp-culties of the achievement are not easily estimated by those before
ton, 8vo. 1. On the Reformation and the Apostolic Office,
Bost. 2. Serms., Phila., 1830, Svo. 3. Prayers, N. York.
4. Remarks on Social Prayer-Meetings. Bost., 1858, 12mo.
See a Memoir by S. K. Lothrop, in the Chris. Exam., xxxix.
248, and one by S. W. S. Dutton, in the N. Englander, iii. 227.
Griswold, C. D. The Isthmus of Panama, and
What I Saw There, N. York, 1852, 12mo.
From Baron Frederick Von Raumer, of Prussia:
"It is performing a valuable service when a man of taste and
information makes a suitable, well-assorted selection, and guides
the friend of Poetry in his rambles through those groves from
which he might otherwise be deterred by their immensity. Such
service has been rendered by Mr. Griswold in his Poets and Poetry
of America."
From the London Examiner:
"We must not forget to thank Mr. Griswold for bis good taste
and good feeling. It would be difficult to overpraise either.”
From Thomas Campbell, author of The Pleasures of
Hope:
"Mr. Griswold's work is honourable to the character and genius
of the American people."
for October, 1855:
Sixteenth edition. From the Knickerbocker Magazine
"We can ask no better attestation of the value of a book so pre
tentious and expensive as this, than the simple words sixteenth
edition upon the title-page. The successive editions of The Poets
and Poetry of America have all been, more or less, improvements
upon their predecessors; but the present one is so much and in
all cases changed for the better. as to have the appearance of a new.
work. . . . Printed separately as a series of critical biographies,
Dr. Griswold's Lives of the American Poets would constitute a
work of remarkable elegance and of signal historical value."
From the North American Review for Jan. 1856, by the.
editor, Rev. Dr. Peabody:
"In these sketches we find reason to admire the author's im
partiality and kindness. We have been unable to find a single
instance in which he has suffered any of the usual grounds of pre-
judice to warp his judgment or to scant his eulogy; and where it
has been his duty to refer to obliquities of temper and conduct,
he has done so with singular delicacy and gentleness.”
6. The Prose Writers of America, 1846, 8vo; 4th ed.,
1852.
From Wm. H. Prescott, author of Ferdinand and Isa-
bella:
"It will be an important and interesting contribution to our
national literature. The range of authors is very wide; the bio-
author has been able to collect so many particulars in this way,
graphical notices full and interesting. I am surprised that the
The selections appear to me to be made with discrimination, and
GRI
GRO
the criticism shows a sound taste and a correct appreciation of the department that has yet appeared, and has the peculiar merit of
Qualities of the writers, as well as I can judge.”
a national subject. It consists of a fluent narrative, intended to
convey an authentic and picturesque idea of social life in this
country in the days of Washington. . . . In the preparation of
this elegant quarto, the memoirs and correspondence of the period
have been searched, the diaries of leading members of society
gleaned, the reminiscences of survivors drawn upon, and such
works as Sullivan's Letters on Public Characters. Duer's Recollec-
tions of New York, the autobiographies of French officers engaged
in the war, the letters of Mrs. Adams, and Graydon's Memoirs,
carefully examined."
From the Christian Examiner, No. CXC., July, 1855. by
the Rev. Samuel Osgood:
From Wm. C. Bryant:
· •
1
We are glad to possess, in this form, portions of many authors
whose entire works we should never own, and, if we did, should
probably never find time to read. We confess our obligations to
the author also for the personal information concerning them
which he has collected in the memoirs prefixed to their writings.
These are written in a manner creditable to the research, ability,
and kindness of the author.”
From Literary Criticisms, by Horace Binney Wallace:
"He has done a useful work, and he has done it well. The
book now before us is more than respectable; it is executed ably,
and in many parts brilliantly. In some respects it is an extra-
ordinary work; such as few men in America, perhaps, besides its
author. could have produced, and he only after years of sedulous
investigation, and under many advantages of circumstance or
accident. Ile has long shown himself to be of Cicero's mind:
• Mihi quidem nulli satis eruditio videntur, quibus nostru ignota
sunt. The distribution of the various writers into their classes,
and the selection of representatives of each class or type. exhibit
much skill. Many passages present fine specimens of acute, ori-
ginal, and just criticism, eloquently delivered. We differ from
Mr. Griswold sometimes, but never without feeling that we owe it
to the public in all cases to give a reason why we do not assent to
the conclusions of so candid and discriminating a judge.”
From the Knickerbocker Magazine:
We commend The Prose Writers of America to a wide na-
tional acceptance; with the especial advice to the reader not to
overlook the excellent introductory Essay on the Intellectual
Ilistory, Condition, and Prospects of the Country, which contains
many noteworthy suggestions and much valuable information."
From Henry T. Tuckerman's Sketch of American
Literature, appended to the Amer. ed. of Shaw's Outlines
of Literature :
“For the chief critical and biographical history of literature in
the United States, we are indebted to utus W. Griswold, whose
two copious and interesting volumes, [Nos. 5 and 6,] so pópular at
home and abroad, give an elaborate account of what has been done
by American writers from the foundation of the country to the
present hour. These works are the fruit of great research and an
euthusiasm for native literature as rare as it is patriotic."
A
"This elegant volume was received by acclamation on its first
appearance. We are quite certain that the sober second judgment
of the public will confirm the first opinion, and in some respects
maguity its approbation. . . . Its solid literary merits are yet to
be fully appreciated. We do not know where else one-half so
much information respecting our early American history cau be
found. . . . Dr. Griswold has evidently been much favored in the
use of private family memorials, and he has worked up his mate
rial with much artistic taste in the grouping and great spirit in
the narrative. The volume stands among our important bistori-
cal monuments.”
..
From an interesting account, by Mr. Fletcher, of the
interest manifested by the Emperor of Brazil in an exhi-
bition of American products, collected (in 1855) by the
enterprise of the former, we extract some remarks by his
majesty, not without interest in this connexion :
After spending a long time in the exhibition, he exclaimed to
his suite: That which I find the most desirable is the perfection
of typography and binding. (alluding to the Republican Court,
which he held in his hand.) the beautiful specimens of steel en-
gravings and chromo-lithography, and the clearness of the photo-
graphic portraits. Now, it is just in those departments that the
Brazilians had believed us deficient; for almost every thing of this
kind comes from England. France, and Gerniany."
fle was a plodding, industrious, and careful writer. extremely
well informed on American literature, but by no means an elegant,
nor even a correct. though very ambitious, writer. He was inclined
to be metaphysical and transcendental. but would get out of his
depth and become unintelligible. Though he had no genius
whatever, Dr. Griswold has done some service to literature. He
will be remembered by his compilations."-DR. R. SHELTON MAC-
From Edgar A. Poe's Literati :
The best of the series (Nos. 5, 6 and 7] is, beyond all question,
The Prose Authors of America. This is a book of which any
critic in the country might well be proud, without reference to the
mere industry aud research manifested in its compilation. These
are truly remarkable; but the vigour of comment and force of
style are not less so; while more independence and self-reliance
are manifested than in any other of the series. There is not a
weak paper in the book; and some of the articles are able in all
respects."
See also South. Lit. Messenger, xiii. 209, 381; South.
Quar. Review, xxi. 114.
The literary abilities displayed in the original portion of these
works [see Nos. 5, 6, 7, and 13] are entitled to very high rank, and
are undoubtedly the suflicient cause of their popularity and per-
manence. Dr.Griswold's style is fresh, brilliant, delicate, perhaps
over-delicate, but never feeble, and rarely morbid. With unerring
accuracy he always indicates the strong points of his subject; yet
he indicates rather than seizes them. The outlines of truth are
always traced with nicety and precision; yet they are traced rather
7. The Female Poets of America, 1848, Svo; 5th ed.,
continued to 1856, pub. Philadelphia, 1857. S. The Prose
Works of John Milton, with a Critical Memoir, 1845, 2
vols. Svo. First Amer. ed. 9. Washington and the Gene-
ruls of the American Revolution, 1847, 2 vols. This work
was edited and partly written by Dr. Griswold: he was
assisted in it by W. G. Simms, E. D. Iugraham, and others.
10. Napoleon and the Marshals of the Empire, (in con-
junction with the late H. B. Wallace,) 1847, 2 vols. 11.
Scenes in the Life of the Saviour, by the Poets and Paint-
ers, 8vo and 12mo, (edited.) 12. The Sacred Poets of
England and America, (edited,) 1849. 13. The Poets and
Poetry of England in the Nineteenth Century; 2d ed., land, a man of great learning, was educated at Winchester
1945, 8vo; 4th ed., 1854.
than channelled. His coloring is refined, soft, suggestive; dealing
in balf-tints or mixed hues more usually than in simple and con-
trasted colors. His perceptions are keenly intelligent, and full of
vitality and vividness; but they are too mercurial. fugitive, and
hasty: they want fixity, persistency, and prolongation. He touches
some rich element of truth or beauty, but he does not linger upon
it to develop and unfold its deep and full resources."-p. 239.
Grocyn, Wm., 1442-1519, a native of Bristol, Eng-
From the American Review, by E. P. Whipple:
"No one can glance at Mr. Griswold's volume without being
Impressed with the fertility of the present century in original
poetry. There is one view in which the author of a work like the
present may be considered fortunate. Through his diligent labours
arge bodies of the people, who cannot or will not read extensively;
are enabled to an of the imaginative literature of a
great age. And what a world of thought and feeling does its con-
emplation reveal to us!"
and New College, Oxford. In 1479 he was made Rector
of Newton-Longville, Buckinghamshire, and in 1485 Preb.
of Lincoln.
of Lincoln. He also filled the place of divinity-reader in
Magdalen College, Oxford. Being enthusiastically devoted
to the study of the Greek language, probably from the in-
ing his knowledge of this tongue, and studied for some
fluence of Vitelli, he visited Italy for the sake of perfect-
time under Demetrius, Chalcondyles, and Politian. In
1491 be settled at Exeter College, Oxford, and publicly
taught the Greek language, advocating a new pronuncia-
tion, which encountered violent opposition. The Uni-
versity divided itself into two factions, the Greeks and the
Trojans, who, not coutent with philological polemics, and
forgetting that inter arma leges silent, resorted finally to
open hostilities.
Of Grocyn's earnest devotion to Greck
literature we have ample evidence on record:
Recens tunc ex Italiâ venerat Grocinus qui primus eâ ætate
Græcas literas in Angliam invexerat, Oxoniique publicè professus
fuerat à cujus sodali Thoma Lynacro (Morus) Græcas literas
Oxonii didicit."-STAPLETON: In lib. cui til. De Tribus Thomis, in
Tho. More, cap. i.
6.
KENZIE.
The reader who desires to learn more respecting Dr.
Griswold's characteristics as an author is referred to The
Knickerbocker Magazine, xxxvi. 162, xlvi. 398, and to
Literary Criticisms and Literary Portraits, by Horace Bin-
ney Wallace. From the last-named authority we make
a brief extract, which may appropriately conclude this
article.
14. The Works of Edgar A. Poe; Poems, Tales and
Miscellanies; with a Memoir by R. W. Griswold, and
Notices of his Life and Genius, by N. P. Willis and J. R.
1.owell, N. York, 1850, 3 vols. 12mo; 1856, 1 vol. 12mo.
It is considered by many critics that Dr. Griswold has
not done justice to Poe's memory in this volume.
15. The Republican Court; or, American Society in the
Days of Washington, with 21 portraits of Distinguished
Women, engraved from original pictures by Wollaston,
Copley, Gainsborough, Stuart, Trumbull. Malbone, and
other Contemporary Painters, N. York, 1854, 4to. New
ed., enlarged, with additional portraits, issued 1856, &c.
In this sumptuously-printed and richly-illustrated work,
a view of American society in the days of the Father of |
the Republic is presented, for the most part from original
materials, consisting of private correspondence, &c.
From the North American Review, lxxxi. 26-50, July,
1855, by H. T. Tuckerman :
"Th Republican Court is the most beautiful specimen in this
··
Grocinus, qui prima Græcæ et Latinæ linguæ rudimenta in
Britannia hausit, mox solidiorem iisdem operam sub Demetric
Chalcondyle et Politiano præceptoribus in Italia hausit.”—LILLY:
Elogia virorum doctorum; in Knight's Life of Colt. p. 24
Ipse Grocinus, cujus exemplum affers, nonne primum in
Anglia Græcæ linguæ rudimenta didicit? Post in Italiam pro
fectus audivit summos viros, sed interim luero fuit illa prius a
qualibuscunque didicisse."-ERASMUS: Epist. CCCLXIII.
A Latin epistle of Grocyn's to Aldus Manutius is pre-
745
GRO
GRO
fixed to Linacre's trans. of Proclus de Sphæra, printed at
Venice, 1449, fol.
"There is nothing extant of his but this epistle: indeed, a very
elaborate and acute one, and written in good Latin.
of so nice a taste that he had rather write nothing than write ill."
-ERASMUS.
G
Erasmus was the friend, perhaps the pupil, of Grocyn,
and may therefore be supposed to have been well informed;
but Bale, Tanner, and Leland ascribe some other works to
Grocyn. See these authorities; also Bliss's Wood's Athen.
Oxon.; Wood's Annals; Jortin and Knight's Lives of
Erasmus; Knight's Life of Colet; Hallam's Lit. Hist. of
Europe.
Groom, John Hinden. Serm., 1809.
Groombridge, Stephen. 1. Atmospherical Refrac-
tion, Phil. Trans., 1814. 2. Fixed Stars, Trans. Soc., Edin.,
815.
Groombridge, Wm. Sonnets, Lon., 1789, Svo.
Groome, John. The Historical Collection, Lon.,
1710, Svo. This work sets forth the good works, books, &c.
of the English clergy.
Groome, Nicholas. Purgatories Knell, Lon., 1615,
4to.
Gros, C. French educational works, Lon., 1811-18.
Gros, Charles Henry. Funl. Oration, 1807, fol.
Gros, Rev. John Daniel, Prof. of Moral Philos. in
Columbia Coll., N. York, was a native of Germany. Natu-
Natu-
ral Principles of Rectitude, &c.: a Systematic Treatise on
Moral Philosophy, 1795, Svo.
9. Results of Surgical Operations in Malignant Diseases,
1853, Svo. 10. Discourse on the Life, Character, and Ser-
vices of Daniel Drake, M.D., 1853, 8vo. 11. Report on
the Causes which Retard the Progress of American Medical
Literature, 1856, Svo. 12. North American Medico-Chir.
Review, edited by himself and Dr. T. G. Richardson. 13.
A System of Surgery, now in course of preparation. Prof.
Gross has been for some time engaged on an American
Medical Biography, which we doubt not will prove a most
acceptable addition to the professional and general library.
|
In June, 1856, he accepted the appointment of Professor
of the Institutes and Practice of Surgery in the Jefferson
Medical College of Phila., where he now resides.
Grose, Robert. See GROSSE.
Grosse, or Gross, Alexander, d. 1654, Vicar of
Ashburton. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1632-63.
Grosse, Robert. Royalty and Loyalty, Lon., 1647,
4to.
|
Grosse, Robert le. See LE GROSSE.
Grosse, Wm. Medical treatises, Lon., 1708, both 8vo.
Grosseteste, Grostête, or Grosthead, Robert,
1175?-1253, a native of Stradbrooke, Suffolk, was educated
at Oxford and Paris; Archdeacon of Leicester, 1222;
Bishop of Lincoln, 1234. His name has no less than
twelve different modes of spelling. He was a man of great
learning, and an undaunted opposer of the usurpations of
the See of Rome. For an account of his life and works—
theological, philosophical, poetical, &c.-we refer to S.
Pegge's biography of him, 1793, 4to; to Milner's Church
Hist.; and to Archæol., vol. xiii. Pegge's list of his works
occupies 25 pp. 4to; but few of them have been pub.
Among these are Opuscula Varia; Compendium Sphæra
Mundi; Commentarius in Lib. poster. Aristotelis; Dis-
courses; Letters.
Grose, Francis, 1731–1791, a native of Greenford,
Middlesex, held a place in the Heralds' College, which he
resigned in 1763. He was adjutant and paymaster of the
Surrey militia, but devoted much of his time to travelling
through England, Scotland, and Wales, sketching views
and gathering the materials of the valuable works which
he subsequently gave to the world. 1. Antiq. of England
and Wales, Lon., 1773-76, 4 vols. sup. r. 4to. Supp.,
1786-87, 2 vols. sup. r. 4to. The best ed. A collec. of
Plans to the above; 33 plates, 1776, r. 4to. 2d ed. of the
Antiq. of England and Wales, 1783, 8 vols. imp. Svo. The
eds. in 4to pub. by Stockdale are not valued. 2. The
Antiq. of Scotland, 1789-91, 2 vols. imp. Svo. Large
paper, sup. r. 4to, with proof-plates. 3. The Antiq. of
Ireland, 1791-95, 2 vols. imp. 8vo. Large paper, sup. r.
4to, with proof-plates. The historical and descriptive
parts were written by Dr. Ledwich; and his Antiq. of
Ireland, best ed., 1804, 4to, should accompany this work.
4. Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, 1785-86, 4to.
Supp., 1789, 4to. This work is annexed to the 2d ed. of
the Military Antiq. 5. Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar
Tongue, 1785, '83, '96, 1811, 8vo. New ed., by Pierce
Egan, 1823, Svo. 6. Military Antiq. resp. a Hist. of the
English Army from the Conquest to the Present Time,
1786-88, 4to; 1801, 2 vols. 4to. Best ed. 7. A Provincial
Glossary, 1787, '90, Svo. With Pegge's Supp., (1814,)
1838, 8vo. Pegge's Supp. contains above 1000 additional
words. It was appended to Pegge's Anecdotes of the
English Language, 1814, 8vo; 3d ed., 1844, 8vo. 8. Rules
for drawing Caricatures, 1788, '91, 1810, 8vo. Reprinted |
in vol. i. of the new ed. of The Antiq. Repertory, 1807, &c.
9. The Grumbler: 16 Essays, 1791, 12mo. Originally pub.
in The English Chronicle. An improved ed. was pub. in
The Olio.
are the best-known.
10. The Olio, 1793, 8vo. By Grose and others.
11. A Guide to Health, Beauty, Riches, and Honour, 1783,
Svo; 1785. 12. An Ancient Fortification; Archæol., 1779.
13. Ancient Spurs; Archæol., 1787. Grose was one of the
conductors of The Antiquarian Repertory, 1775-84, 4 vols.
4to; 2d ed., 1807-09, 4 vols. 4to; pub. Rev. Wm. Darell's
Hist. of Dover Castle, 1786, imp. 8vo; large paper, 1797,
imp. 4to; and to him has been ascribed Geoffrey Gambado's
Academy for Grown Horsemen, 1787, '91, fol. But this is
also attributed to Henry Bunbury. Grose's habits, espe-
cially in early life, were of too convivial a character for
either his purse or reputation; and many a jolly circle of
"good fellows" could answer promptly in the affirmative
the query of Burns the poet,
"By a knowledge of Greek, when we find it asserted of some
mediæval theologian like Grostête, we are not to understand an
acquaintance with the great classical authors, who were latent in
eastern monasteries. but the power of reading some petty treatise
of the fathers. or, as in this instance, [Grostête's trans. of the Tes-
tament of the Twelve Patriarchs from Greek into Latin,] an apo-
cryphal legend, or at best, perhaps, some of the later commentators
on Aristotle. Grostête was a man of considerable merit, but has
had his share of applause."-Hullum's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
Grosvenor, Lord. Leaves from my Journal, Lon.,
1854, 12mo.
|
Grosvenor, or Grovenor, Benjamin, D.D., 1675-
1758, a native of London, pastor of an Independent con-
gregation, and one of the Lecturers at Salter's Hall, Lon-
don, pub. a number of occasional serms., and some theolog.
treatises, of which The Mourner, and The Essay on Health,
Serms., now first collected, with
Memoir by J. Davies, and Pref. by Dr. Bogue, 1808, Svo.
"Ken ye aught of Captain Grose?"
Noble's sketch of his figure and peculiarities is truly
graphic. See European Mag., 1791; Gent. Mag., 1791;
Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Grose, John. 1. Ethics, Lon., 1782, 8vo. 2. Occas.
Serms., 1782-97. 3. Serms., 6 vols., 1800-16.
Grose, John Henry. Voyage to the E. Indies,
1750-64, Lon., 1766, 8vo; 1772, 2 vols. 8vo. In French,
Paris, 1758, 12mo.
Gross, Baron. Duties of an Officer in the Field,
Lon., 1801, 8vo.
Gross, Samuel D., M.D., b. near Easton, Penua., 8th
July, 1805, Prof. of Surgery in the Jefferson Medical Col-
lege, Phila., and formerly in the University of Louisville,
Ky. 1. General Anatomy, Phila., 1828, Svo. 2. Anat.
3. Operative
and Diseases of the Bones and Joints, 1830.
Surgery, 1829. 4. Obstetrics. 5. Wounds of the Intestines.
6. Patholog. Anatomy. 7. Foreign Bodies in the Air-
Passages, 1850, Svo.
"It is a complete summary of the whole subject, and will be a
useful book of reference.”—Brit. and For. Med.-Chir. Rev.
Grose, Sir Nash, d. 1814, aged 74. Substance of a
Charge to the Grand Jury, &c., Lon., 1796, 8vo.
8. Discases of the Urinary Bladder, &c., 1851–56, Svo.
"A work worthy of his high reputation."-West. Jour. of Med.
and Surg.
"A most popular preacher; in whose compositions there is a
strange mixture of familiar and pathetic: many strong figures of
speech, especially the prosopopoia and dialogisin, beyond any other
writer of his age."-DR. DODDRIDGE.
"His language is always pure, his sentences well formed, and
his ideas embellished with the most appropriate decorations."-
Wilson's Dissenters.
Maj
The vol. of Eastcheap Lectures, new ed., 1810, 2 vols.
12mo, contains 24 serms. by Grosvenor, Bradford, Earle,
Harris, Newman, and Reynolds.
"To recommend such a work it is only necessary to state its
subjects. [on Singing, Prayer, Hearing and Reading the Scrip-
tures,] and to name the distinguished preachers by whom they
were discussed. Incitements, cautions, illustrations, improve
ments, are all judiciously blended. . . . The excellence of the
volumes speaks their own praise, and secures their reputation.
They cannot fail to prove an acceptable present to the religious
world."-REV. W. B. COLLYER, D.D.
Grosvenor, Countess H., now Marchioness of
Westminster. Yacht Voyage in the Mediterraneau, Lon.,
1842, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
通知
​It is simply a sensible, healthy, and well-written work, utterly
free from all affectations, and especially from that which apes
humility, and botraying the woman of rank chiefly in the total
absence of all attempt to display it."--Miss RIGBY: Lady Travel
lers, Lon. Quar. Rev., 1xxvi. 98-137.
•
746
GRO
GRU
|
Grote, George, M.P., the historian of Greece, b.
1794, at Clay Hall, near Berkenham, Kent, England, is a
son of Mr. Grote, of the well-known banking-house esta-
Blished by Mr. George Prescott, and the grandfather of
the subject of this notice. Mr. Grote was for some time a
clerk in the banking-house, and at a later period of life
divided his attention between literature and politics, but
for some time past has devoted his hours exclusively to the
former. In addition to the great work by which he is best
known and will be honoured to the latest period of time,
he is the author of a pamphlet (pub. anonymously in 1821)
in reply to Sir James Mackintosh's Essay on Parliamentary
Reform, in the Edinburgh Review; a work on the Essen-
tials of Parliamentary Reform; an article on Mitford, in
the Westminster Review, and one on Niebuhr's Heroic
Legends of Greece, in the London and Westminster Re-
view. The name of Niebuhr appropriately introduces the
expression of his warm interest in Mr. Grote's History of
Greece, which was commenced 1823:
"Endeavour to become acquainted with Mr. Grote, who is en-
gaged on a Greek History; he, too, will receive you well if you take
him my regards. If you become better acquainted with him. it is
worth your while to obtain the proof-sheets of his work, in order
to translate it. I expect a great deal from this production, and I
will get you a publisher here.”—Niebuhr, the Historian, to Professor
Lieber, in 1827.
The publication of the vols. of Mr. Grote's History was
as follows:-Vols. I., II., 1846; III., IV., 1847; V., VI.,
1849; VII., VIII., 1850; IX., X., 1852; XI., 1853; XII.,
1855. Of Vol. XII., 1200 copies were sold in one week.
2d ed. of Vols. I., II., III., and IV., 1849; 3d ed., 1851.
2d ed. of Vols. V. and VI., 1851. In commendation of
this truly great production, critics who seldom agree are
glad to unite their suffrages. The London Quarterly de-
clares that the author has
"Incontestably won for himself the title not merely of a histo-
rian, but of the historian, of Greece.”—xcix. 384.
The Edinburgh Review assures us that
"He will be remembered not only as the first who has seriously
undertaken a philosophical history of Greece, but as one who will
have made great steps towards accomplishing it.”—lxxxiv. 345.—
Notice of vols. i. and ii. The succeeding volumes are noticed in
the same laudatory terms.
The Athenæum styles the history
"A great literary undertaking, equally notable whether we re-
gard it as an accession of standard value in our language, or as an
honourable monument of what English scholarship can do.”
The Spectator remarks that
"His familiarity with the great highways and the obscure by
paths of Grecian literature and antiquity has seldom been equalled,
and not often approached to, in unlearned England; while those
Germans who have rivalled it have seldom possessed the quality
which eminently characterizes Mr. Grote, of keeping historical
imagination severely under the restraints of evidence."
The Examiner is not less enthusiastic in the expression
of its admiration :
"If there existed any doubt of Mr. Grote's qualifications for this
weighty undertaking, it was, whether he would bring to it the
amount of imaginative feeling necessary to sustain and inform
his scholarship. We confess that these volumes are a surprise to
us in that respect. The acute intelligence, the discipline, faculty
of intellect, and the excellent erudition, every one would look for
from Mr. Grote; but they will here also find the element which
harmonizes these, and without which, on such a theme. an orderly
and solid work could not have been written. Poetry and Philo-
Rophy attend the historian on either hand, and do not impede or
misguide his steps."
The eulogy of the distinguished historian of modern
Europe is no insignificant reward for even such protracted
and laborious researches as have tested the patience, the
learning, and the fidelity of the historian of Greece:
We could easily multiply commendations, but must be
content to refer the reader to the articles-which no histo-
rical student should neglect-on Mr. Grote's History, in the
Westminster Rev., xlvi. 381; Blackwood's Mag., Ixii. 129;
Dubl. Univ. Mag., xxviii. 201; xxxv. 753; Eclectic Rev.,
4th S., xx. 257; xxii. 289; Christian Rev., xvi. 481; Chris-
tian Exam., xlviii. 292; N. Amer. Rev., lxxviii. 150. See
also The London Quarterly, vols. lxxxvi. and lxxxviii.;
Edin. Rev., vols. lxxxiv., xci., and xciv.
Grove, Hon. Mrs. C. Calendar of Nature; or, The
Seasons of England, edited with Pref. by Lord John Rus-
sell: 24 large plates, containing several hundred cal'a
figures of Birds, Fruits, &c., Lon., Pts. 1 to 4, fol., 1849-50.
Grove, Edward. Serm., 1702, 4to.
Grove, Henry, 1683-1738, a Dissenting divine, a na-
tive of Taunton, Somersetshire, was one of the Masters of
the academy at Taunton, where he had been educated, and
preached to two congregations in the neighbourhood. He
was the author of Nos. 581, 601, 626, and 635, of The Spec-
tator. He pub. a number of discourses and theolog. trea-
tises, among which those on Prayer, the Lord's Supper,
Faith, a Future State, the Soul's Immortality, and Christ's
Resurrection, are best known. The collective edits. of his
works comprise 12 vols., viz.: 1. Serms. and Tracts, being
his Posthumous Works, 3d ed., Lon., 1745, 4 vols. Svo.
2. Serms., being two addit. vols. of the Posth. Works, 1742,
2 vols. 8vo. 3. Works, containing all the Serms., Dis-
courses, and Tracts pub. in his lifetime, 1747, 4 vols. 8vo.
4. A System of Moral Philosophy, edited by Dr. T. Amory,
with a Memoir of his Life and Writings, 2d ed., 1749, 2
vols. 8vo.
"Resembles Watts, but more nervous. His sermons are written
with an elegance of diction rarely to be met with. He has many
judicious and new thoughts, disposed in a method quite peculiar,
and expressed with force and elegance. Every paragraph he wrote
is worthy of attentive perusal."-DR. Doddridge.
|
"This eminent Nonconformist was one of the most beautiful
writers of his age. He excels in elegant diction and sweetness
of temper."-Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
"If every grace that e'er the good adorn'd,
If every science that the wisest learn'd,
Could merit thy regard and ask thy love,
Behold them join'd, and weep them lost in Grove."
See Biog. Brit.; Life by Amory, prefixed to his Posth.
Works; Drake's Biog, and Crit. Essays, Illust. of the
Tatler, Spectator, and Guardian, iii. 200-215.
1
•
Grove, Joseph, an attorney of Richmond, England,
d. 1764, wrote The Life and Times of Cardinal Wolsey,
Lon., 1742-44, 4 vols. 8vo; The Lives of the Earls and
Dukes of Devonshire, descended from Sir Wm. Cavendish,
1764, 8vo; and some political and other works.
Grove, Matthew. The Most Famous and Tragicall
Historie of Pelops and Hippodamia, &c., Lon., 1587, 4to.
A poetical work.
L
· A decided liberal, perhaps even a republican, in politics. Mr.
Grote has laboured to counteract the influence of Mitford in Gre-Treat. on the Commercial Intercourse between G. Brit. and
cian history, and construct a history of Greece from authentic
materials, which should illustrate the animating influence of
democratic freedom upon the exertions of the human mind. In
the prosecution of this attempt he has displayed an extent of
learning, a variety of research, a power of combination, which are
worthy of the very highest praise, and have secured for him a
lasting place among the historians of modern Europe."-SIR
ARCHIBALD ALISON: Hist. of Europe from the Fall of Napoleon, in
1815, to the Accession of Louis Napoleon, in 1852,
"I never saw. or heard of, another copy of this book: neither
is it mentioned by Ames or Herbert."-MS. note in a fly-leaf of a
copy of this book by Ritson.
Another copy has since been found, and was-perhaps
still is in the library collected by the Marquis of Stafford.
A copy marked, in the Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 315, £30, was
resold at Saunders's in 1818 for £25 48. See Bibl. Anglo-
Poet., pp. 133, 134.
Grove, Robert, d. 1696, Bishop of Chichester, 1691,
pub. seven tracts against Romanism, 1676–89, and two
Serms., 1690, '95. One of his tracts will be found in vol.
i. of Collection of Cases, &c., 3d ed., 1718, 3 vols. 8vo, and
two in Gibson's Preservative, iv. 96, vi. 1.
Grove, W. R. The Correlation of Physical Forces,
Lon., 1846, '51, '55, Svo.
Grovenor, Benjamin. See GROSVENOR.
Grover, H. M., Rector of Hitcham, Bucks. Theolog.,
dramat., and other works, Lon., 1828-47.
Groves, Rev. John. 1. A Greek and Eng. Lexicon,
3d ed., Glasg., 1829, Svo; 7th ed., Lon., 1839; 10th ed.,
1849; 11th ed., 1853. All the inflections in the N. Test.,
and many of the more difficult ones that occur in other
Greek writings, will be found in this work. 2. Rudiments
of the Greek Gram., 1845, 12mo.
Groves, W. Revelations, &c.; also Hebrew, German,
and Eng. Gram. and Lexicon, Lon., 1838, 12mo.
Groves, Webber, b. 1697, d. in America, 1793.
America.
Gruchy, Martin. Serm., 1728, Sro.
Grueber, Rev. C. S. Holy Baptism, Lon., 1850, Svo.
Gruggen, F. J. On Oaths, Camb., 1845, Svo.
Grund, Francis J., a native of Germany, for many
years a resident of the U. States of America. 1. The
Americans in their Moral, Social, and Political Relations,
Lon., 1837, 2 vols. Svo; Bost., 1837, 1 vol. 12mo.
"In approaching the consideration of its merits, we are struck
with the singular correctness, force, and often eloquence, of the
style in which it is written. The style would do high credit tc
any native, and to the manner born; in a foreigner it seems won-
and eludes the grasp of the severest study, Mr. Grund uses with
derful. . . . The idiom of our language, which is often so subtle,
great and almost unfailing accuracy. An English critic has said
that he has scarcely over offended in this particular, except when
he attempts poetical versions from Schiller or Goethe. . . . To a
foreigner who is interested in the country Mr. Grund's work will
be of great value, from the amount of information which it con-
complete of our resources in every department of life.
veys. No other work, within our knowledge, presents a view 20
Mr
747
•
·
1
GRU
GUM
?
Grund is a thorough democrat. He upholds the cause of the many
against the few, and takes every opportunity to enforce the im
portance of religious and political freedom. The latter he esti
mates as the two most prominent moral causes which promoted
the trade of Holland and the United States."-CHARLES SUMNER:
N. Amer. Rev., xlvi. 106–126, 9. v.
And see a review of this work by S. Gilman in The
Christian Examiner, xxiv. 296, and another in the Eclectic
Rev., 4th S., ii. 51.
2. Aristocracy in America. (From the Sketch-Book of a
German Nobleman.) Edited by Francis Grund, Lon.,
1839, 2 vols. Svo.
We assume this work to be written by Mr. Grund, though he
is professedly only the editor. He has given two whole volumes
of sketches of manners; but the vast majority are caricatures. with-
out point, hint, or even vraisemblance."-Lon. Athen.. 1839, 947.
See also The Museum, (Phila.,) xxxvii. 349-354.
Grundy, John. Serms., 1808, '10, '12, all Svo. See
Dr. E. Williams's Christian Preacher.
3.
Gruner, Louis. 1. Decorations of the garden Pavil-
ion at Buckingham Palace, Lon., 1846, sm. fol., 15 plates,
£1 118. 6d.; cold, £5 58. 2. The Mosaics of the Cupola
in Capella Chigiana at Rome, 1850, fol., £1 11s. 6d.
Specimens of Ornamental Art, 1850, fol., 87 plates, £12
128. 4. Fresco Decorations and Stuccoes in Italy, 1854,
imp. fol., 56 plates.
Grymeston, Grimeston, or Grimston, Eliza-
beth. Miscellanea. Meditations. Memoratiues. Lon.,
1604, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 304, £6 68. Another ed.,
sine anno, 12mo.
"The poetry of this rare work is indifferent enough, but it con-
tains some judicious maxims."- Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Gryndall, or Grindal, Will. Hawking, Hunting,
Fouling and Fishing, Lon., 1596, 4to.
Gubbins, Martin R. Mutmies in Oudh, Lon., 1858,8vo.
Gude, R. Prac. Cr. Side Ct. K. Bench, 1828, 2 vols.
Guernsey, Miss Lucy Ellen. 1. Alice and Bessic.
2. Irish Amy. 3. Comfort Allison. 4. Kitty Maynard. 5.
Jenny and the Insects. 6. Upward and Onward. 7. The
Orphan Nieces. 8. The Naughty Kitten.
Guest, Lady Charlotte, a native of Wales, has
gained great reputation by the publication of The Mabino-
gion, from the Llyfr Coch o Hergest and other Ancient
Welsh Manuscripts, with English Translation and Notes,
7 Pts., forming 3 vols. r. Svo, 1838-49, Lon., Longman
& Co.; Llandovery, W. Rees.
"I may surely venture to say, that if the Elzevirs, and Bodonis,
and Didots, must hide their diminished heads before our Llando-
very Printer, we may challenge comparison with all the learned
ladies who have adorned the literature of Europe, for her whose
works his labours have contributed to embellish."-DR. THIRL
WELL: Bishop of St. David's.
Guest, Edward. Hist. of English Rhythms, from
the 5th Cent. downwards, Lon., 1838, 2 vols. 8vo.
Guidot, or Guidott, Thomas, M.D., pub. a num-
ber of works upon the waters of Bath, Islington, &c.,
1669-1705. Collection of Treatises concerning the City
|
and Waters of Bath, 1725, Svo.
Guild, Reuben A., Librarian of Brown University,
Providence, R.I., b. 1822, in West Dedham, Mass., grad.
Brown Univ., 1847. The Librarian's Manual: A Treatise
on Bibliography, comprising a Select and Descriptive List
of Bibliographical Works; to which are added Sketches
of Public Libraries, Illustrated with Engravings, N. York,
Charles B. Norton, Agent for Libraries, MDCCCLVIII.,
sm. 4to, pp. 304. Beautifully printed in Old English cha-
racter. The First Part consists of a descriptive list of 495
separate works, comprising 1967 volumes of such biblio-
graphical works as are considered to be of the first import-
ance for a library apparatus. The Second Part contains.
historical sketches of fourteen of the largest public libraries
in Europe and America. We recommend Mr. Guild's volume
to all who take an interest-and every lover of books should
take an interest-in the important subject of which it ex-
pressly treats.
3. Explic. of Book of Revelations, Aberd., 1656, lomo.
"Very spiritual.”—Bickersteth.
4. Explic. of the Song of Solomon, Lon., 1658, 8vo.
5. The Throne of David; or, an Expos. of the 2d Book
of Samuel, Oxf., 1659, 4to. Posth.; pub. by Dr. John
Owen. See Life of Dr. Guild, by Dr. Shirreffs, 2d ed.,
Aberd., 1799, Svo. Pref. to his Expos. of Samuel.
“Dr. William Guild possessed not only the talents of a man
truly great, but the still more amiable qualities of one eminently
good."-DR. SHIRREFFS.
Guildford, Charles. His Memoirs, Lon., 1761,
2 vols.
Guild, Wm., D.D., 1586-1657, a native of Aberdeen,
educated at Marischal Coll., became minister of the
parish of King Edward, and in 1631 one of the ministers
of Aberdeen; Principal of King's Coll., Aberdeen, 1640;
deposed for his attachment to the royal cause, 1651. He
was a man of learning, ability, and great benevolence of
character. In addition to the following works, be pub. a
number of tracts against popery, and upon other subjects.
1. The Harmony of all the Prophets conc. Christ's Com-
ing, &c., Lon., 1619, Svo; 1658, 12mo. 2. Moses Unveiled;
or, The Types of Christ in Moses explained, 1620, 8vo.
Often reprinted. New ed., with The Harmony, &c., Edin.,
1839, r. Svo.
"Not remarkable for its depth and judiciousness."-Orme's |
Bill RL.
Guilford. See NORTH.
Guilhermin, Mary. Letters, Lon., 1766, Svo.
Guillim, John, 1565?-1621, Rouge-Croix Pursuiv-
ant of Arms, 1617-21, was the publisher of John of
Barcham's Display of Heraldry, best ed., (the 6th,) Lon.,
1724, fol., and has already been noticed in our life of
Barcham. Guillim made some additions to Barcham's
MS.; but the latter is entitled to the reputation which
Guillim has acquired. A collation of the Display of Her-
aldry will be found in Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
C
Guiscard or Guichard de Beaulieu, temp. Ste-
phen, was the author of a poem entitled The Sermon of
Guiscard' de Beaulieu, of which MSS. are in the British
From
Museum and the Bibliothèque Royale at Paris.
the latter MS., M. Achille Jubinal pub. the poem (pour la
première fois) in 1834, Paris, 8vo.
"The style bears marks of much greater poetical talent than is
observed in the poems of Everard and Samison de Nanteuil, and
frequently exhibits considerable elegance and energy of expres
sion."-Wright's Bing. Brit. Lit., q. v.
Guise, Samuel. Serm., 1724, Svo.
collected in Hindostan, Lon., 1800, 4to.
Guise, Samuel. Catalogue of a Collection of MSS.
collected in Hindostan, Lon., 1800,
Guise, Wm., 1653–1684, a learned English divine,
trans. into English, and illustrated with a commentary,
Dr. Bernard's Misnæ pars ordinis primi Teraim Tituli
septem, 1690, 4to, and a tract, De Victimis humanis, Svo,
and had partly prepared an edit. of Abulfeda's Geography.
"A person of great learning, and the immortal ornament of the
University of Oxford."-Ed. Acta Eruditorum.
"Vir longe eruditissimus."-T. SMITH.
See Athen. Oxon.; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Guisy, J. Learning French, Lon., 1801, 12mo.
Gull, Wm. W., M.D., and Baly, Wm., M.D.
ports on Epidemic Cholera, Lon., 1854, Svo.
"
M.D. Ko
In taking leave of these Reports. we can conscientiously say
that we do not think the College of Physicians could have made
a more fortunate selection than the two gentlemen to whose
labours we owe so much valuable instruction. We believe that
their Work will be in future years constantly referred to, and
when so referred to we are confident it will always be with plea-
sure and profit."-Brit. and For. Med.-Chir. Rev.
Dr. Baly pub., in conjunction with Dr. W. S. Kirkes,
Advances in Physiology of Motion, 1848, 8vo.
plants from insects and flies, Phil. Trans., 1772.
Gullet, Chris. On Eleter, as a preservative of
Gullifer, Joseph Wm. Philos. of Medicine, 1809,
Svo.
Gulliver, Lemuel. See SWIFT, JONATHAN, D.D.
Gulliver, Lemuel, Jun. Modern Gulliver's Travels,
Lon.. 1796, 12mo.
Gully, James M., M.D. 1. Neuropathy and Ner-
vousness, 2d ed., Lon., 1841, Svo. 2. Simple Treatment
3. Water-Cure in Chronic Dis-
of Disease, 1842, 12mo.
cases, 1841, p. 8vo; 3d ed., 1849, 12mo; 4th ed., 1851, 12mo.
Dr. Gully's book is evidently written by a well-educated medi-
cal man.
This work is by far the most scientific that we have seed
on hydropathy.”—Lon. Athenæum.
•
Gully, Robert, and Capt. Denham. Journals of
a Captivity in China in 1842, Lon., 1843, Svo.
"These simple unadorned Narratives, with the Letters written
by the deceased Mr. Gully during his captivity, are well worthy of
perusal, depicting, as they do vividly, the curious incidents arising
during detention, and stirring the indignation of the reader by
of this semi-barbarous people."-Lon. Times.
the detail of cruelty and murder inflicted by the cowardly officials
Gulson, Theodore. See GOULSTON.
Gulston, Ant. See GLISSON, Wm.
Gulston, Edward. Earthquake; Phil. Trans., 1763.
Gumble, Thomas, D.D., chaplain to General
Monck. The Life of General Monck, Duke of Albemarle,
Lon., 1671, Svo. In French, 1672, 12mo.
C
Curious as a specimen of the Tory or Royalist mode of writing
history which prevailed during the period immediately following
the Restoration."-Lon. Retrosp. Rev., xiii. 265–297; xiv. 153-
179. q. v.
Gumbleden, John. Serm., 1628, 4to.
Gumley, J. Law, &c. of Elec. in Ireland, Dubl.,
1832, 8vo.
Gummere, John, 1784-1845, a native of Wiliow
748
GUM
GUR
Grove, Penn., for more than forty years an esteemed and!
Buccessful teacher of youth, discharged the duties of tui-
tion successively at Horsham, Rancoeus, West Town,
Burlington, and Haverford. Upon his retirement from
the Friends' Coll. at Haverford, he resumed his Boarding-
School at Burlington, (previously conducted by him from
1814 to 1833,) in connection with his eldest son, Samuel
J. Gummere, "who is his worthy successor, both in scien-
tific attainments and in the happy art of imparting
instruction." His celebrated treatise on Surveying was
first pub. in 1814, has run through 14 edits., and is now
stereotyped. Of his Elementary Treatise on Theoretical
and Practical Astronomy, the 1st ed. was pub. in 1822,
and the last (the 6th) in 1854. The excellence of this
work elicited the warm commendations of Dr. Bowditch,
Prof. Bache, and other competent judges. An interesting
biographical sketch, entitled Memorials of the Life and
Character of John Gummere, was privately printed by
Wm. J. Allinson, of Burlington. It is a well-merited tri-
bute to the learning and virtues of a ripe scholar and an
excellent man. James I., when in the plenitude of his
glory as the master of three kingdoms, acknowledged that
he never even then saw his stern old schoolmaster,
Buchanan, without an emotion of fear. It may be truly
said-we speak from our own experience-that the former
disciples of John Gummere never in after-life approached
their old master without sentiments of affection and
esteci.
Gummere, Samuel R., brother of the preceding,
b. in 1789, at Willow Grove, Penn., was from 1821 to
1837 the head of a popular boarding-school for girls, at
Burlington, N. Jersey. He is the author of a Treatise on
Geography, which was first pub. in 1817, and bas passed
through six or eight edits.; and he revised the Progressive
Spelling-Book in 1831. Compendium of Elocution 1857.
Gunhill, D. D. Serm., 1661, 4to.
Gunn, Álexander, D.D., d. 1829, minister of the
Reformed Dutch Church at Bloomingdale, New York.
Memoirs of Rev. John H. Livingston, D.D., N. York, 1829.
Gunn, Mrs. Anne, late Miss Young. 1. The Mother
and Daughter; a Tale, 1803, 2 vols. 2. An Introduction
to Music, 1803, Svo.
Gunn, J. C. Domestic Medicine, New York, 1851,
8vo many editions.
Gunn, John. Hist. Inquiry respecting the Perform-
ance of the Harp in the Highlands of Scotland, Lon.,
1807, 4to. Prepared for the Highland Society. Other
Highland Society. Other
works.
Gunn, Rev. W. M. 1. Religion in Connexion with
a National System of Instruction, Lon., 1840, 12mo.
66
Mr. Gunn's book is one that deserves and will receive much
attention."-Ch. of Eng. Quar. Rev.
2. Rudiments of the Latin Language, 1848, 18mo.
Gunn, Rev. Wm. 1. Historia Britonum of Nennius,
with an Eng. version and notes, Lon., 1819, Svo.
66
Many diffuse and unnecessary notes."-Wright's Biog. Brit.
Lit.
See NENNIUS.
2. Gothic Architecture, 1819, Svo.
“Displaying very considerable erudition.”—Lowndes's Bibl.Mun.
3. Cartonensia; Hist. of the Tapestries in the Vatican.
Gunn, Wm. A., Curate of St. Mary, Woolnoth,
London. Serms. and Letters, with a Memoir by J. Saun-
ders, Lon., 1807, '12, Svo. Mr. G. was curate to the Rev.
John Newton.
"He was a burning and a shining light.' Wonderful was his
eloquence. Serious, zealous, impassioned, he communicated his
own agitation to the souls of others."-ÖNESIMUS.
"He was admired by great scholars, as well abroad as at home,
for his profound divinity; was noted much also in England for his
diffusive charity."-Allien. Ozon.
See these authorities; also Masters's Hist. of C. C. C. C.,
Pt. 2, 142; Calamy; Salmon's Lives of the Bishops; Lon
Bentham's Hist. of Ely; Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy,
Gent. Mag., Ixiii. 15.
Gunning, Richard. Small-Pox, Lon., 1804, 12mo.
Gunnison, Capt. J. W., d. 1853, U.S. Corps Topo-
graphical Engineers. Ilist. of the Mormons of Utah: their
Domestic Polity and Theology, Phila., 1852, 12mo. This
valuable Report was pub. by order of the U.S. Congress.
mathematician, the inventor of the famous Rule of Pro-
Gunter, Rev. Edmund, 1581-1626. an eminent
portion, or Line of Numbers, which has made his name a
cated at Christ Church, Oxford. In 1619 he was elected
synonym for accuracy, was a native of Hereford, and cau-
author of several mathemat. treatises,-Canon Triangulo-
Prof. of Astronomy at Gresham Coll., Loudon. He was the
rum, The Sector and Cross Staff, &c.,—of which collective
ed., corrected, &c. by Will. Leybourne, 1673, 4to.
edits. have been several times pub. Works, 5th and best
Some
copies bear the date of 1680, and are called 6th ed. See
Biog. Brit.; Hutton's Dict.; Ward's Gresham Professors.
Gunter, Peter. Serm., Lon., 1615, 4to.
2. Hist. of the Church of Peterburgh, pub. by Symon
Gunton, Symon. 1. God's House, Lon., 1657, 8vo.
Patrick, D.D., 1686, ful.
Patrick, D.D., 1686, fol. Epitome of do., 11th ed., Peterb.,
1807, Svo.
Guppy, Mrs. Dialogues for Children, 1800, 2 vols.
12mo.
Guppy, R. Municipal Corp. Act, Lon., 1835, 12mo.
Lon., 1721, 22, '32, Svo; 1739, fol.
Gurdon, Brampton. 1. 16 Serms. at Boyle's Lect.,
2. Serm., 1723, 4to.
3. Prophecy, 1728, 8vo.
Gurdon, Philip. Christian Character, 1778, 12mo.
Parliament, Lon., 1731, 2 vols. 8vo.
Gurdon, Thornhagh. Hist. of the High Ct. of
Gurdon, W. Statutes rel. to Game, Lon., 1839, 12mo.
Camb.; minister at Lavenham for 35 years; appointed
Gurnall, Wm., 1617–1679, educated at Emanuel Coll.,
Rector in 1644; and episcopally ordained at the Restora-
tion. A man of great excellence of character. 1. Serm.,
1660, 4to. 2. The Christian in Complete Armour, 1656-
58-62, 3 vols. 4to. New ed., 1844, Svo.
"Full of allusions to scriptural facts and figures of speech,
generally well supported; sanctified wit. holy fire, deep experience,
and most animated practical applications."-Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
"Spiritual and evangelical, with much Christian experience."-
Bickersteth's C. S.
3. Funl. Serin., 1672, Svo.
mand., Camb., 1639, Svo. 2. Appendix to do., Lon., 1660,
Gurnay, Rev. Edmund. 1. Vindic. of the 2d Com-
12ino.
Poems, Lon., 1845, fp. Svo. 2. K. Charles the First; a
Gurney, Rev. Archer. 1. Love's Legend, &c.;
Dram. Poem, 1847, '52, fp. Svo. 3. Poems, 1853, p. Svo.
4. The Transcendentalists, 1853, p. Svo. 5. Songs of the
Present, 1854, 12mo. 6. Iphigenia at Delphi, 1855, Svo.
Gurney, Arthur. Providence and Free Will, 1581.
Gurney, Auber. Faust; Part Second; from the Ger-
man of Goethe, Lon., 1843, p. Svo.
H
Executed with much taste and great ability."-Berlin. Mag.
for Foreign Lit., April 28, 1843.
ing, more fresh, more clear, than many of the enigmatical passages
"In one word, this English version is more agreeable, more flow-
of the original."-Leipsic Literary Gazette, June 6 and 7, 1843.
House of Gournay, Lon., 1858. Privately printed.
Gurney, Daniel. Supplement to the Record of the
Gurney, Rev. Edmund. See GURNAY.
Gurney, Hudson, M.P. 1. The Golden Ass of Apu-
leius; in English verse, entitled Cupid and Psyche, Lon.,
1799, 4to and Svo; 3d ed., 1801. An excellent trans.
Bayeux Tapestry, 1817, 4to.
2.
Gunning, Mrs., wife of General Gunning, d. 1800,
pub. several novels, a poem, &c., Lon., 1791-1803.
Gunning, Miss. See PLUNKETT, MRS.
Gunning, Fred. Law of Tolls, Lon., 1833, Svo.
Gunning, H. Reminiscences of the Town and
County of Cambridge, Lon., 1854, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed.,
same year, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Lon., 1845, fp. Svo. 2. Historical Sketches, 1400-1546,
Gurney, Rev. John Hampden. 1. Three Serms.,
4. The Grand Romish Fallacy, 1854, fp. Svo.
1852, 12mo; 2d ed., 1858. 3. Second Series, 1855, fp. Svo.
Thoughts, &c., 1855. 6. Serms., 1856. 7. Serms., 1857. S.
5. Grave
Four Serms., 1857. 9. Historical Sketches, 3d Ser., 1858.
short-hand writers. Joseph pub. Brachygraphy, Lon., 1751,
Gurney, Joseph, and Gurney, William Brodie,
Gunning, Peter, D.D., 1613-1684, a native of Hoo,
in Kent, educated at, Fellow and Tutor of, Clare Hall,
Camb., deprived for refusing to take the Covenant; re-
stored, 1660; Preb. of Canterbury; Master successively
of Corpus Christi and St. John's Coll., Camb.; and Regius
and Lady Margaret Prof. of Divinity; Bishop of Chi-12mo; 15th ed., improved by Thomas Gurney, 1825, 12mo.
chester, 1670; trans. to Ely, 1674. 1. A Contention for
Truth, Lon., 1658, 4to. 2. Schism Unmasked, &c., Paris,
1658, 8vo. 3. The Paschal or Lent Fast Apostolical and
Perpetual a Serm.. on Luke v. 35-38, Lon., 1662, 4to.
New ed., Oxf., 1845, Svo, in Lib. of Anglo-Cath. Theol.
"He was a man of great reading, and noted for a special subtilty
Gurney, Joseph John, 1788-1847, an eminent phi-
lanthropist, and a distinguished minister of the Society of
Friends, was a native of Earlham, near Norwich, where
the family have possessed great influence for the last two
Elizabeth Fry, and a zealous co-labourer with her in many
Mr. Gurney was the brother of the excellent
of arguing."-Bishop Burnet's Own Times.
719
GUR
GUT
enterprises of Christian benevolence. After passing through
a course of preparatory study, the subject of this notice
resided for some time at Oxford, under the charge of a
private tutor, and attended the lectures of the University
without becoming a member and without subscribing to the
Thirty-Nine Articles. Upon the completion of his education
Mr. Gurney became a member of the eminent banking-
house established by his father, and henceforth devoted
much of his time to secular business, but was also actively
engaged in many philanthropic researches, and in the
zealous discharge of his duties as a minister (recognised
in 1818) of the religious society to which he was attached.
In addition to missionary tours among the prisons of Scot-
land, England, and Ireland, Mr. Gurney paid three visits
to the Continent in 1841-43, and passed three years (1837-
40) in travelling in America. For the particulars connected.
with the life of this truly excellent man, we refer the reader
to his Memoirs, by J. B. Braithwaite, Norwich, 1854, 2
vols. Svo; Phila., 1854, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 1855, 2 vols.
Svo. See also his Memoirs, by J. Alexander, Lon., 1847,
12mo; London Christian Observer for February and March,
1847; Lon. Gent. Mag. for March, 1847; Memorial of J. J.
Gurney, a Poem, by B. Barton, 1847, 4to; An Examina-
tion of the Memoirs and Writings of J. J. Gurney, by Wm.
Hodgson, Jr., Phila., 1856.
Mr. Gurney was the author of numerous works which
gained him a highly respectable rank in the Republic of
Letters, of which the following are the principal:-1. Notes
on Prisons and Prison Discipline, Lon., 1819, 12mo. Re-
viewed by Rev. Sydney Smith, in Edin. Rev., xxxv. 286–
302. 2. Letter to a Friend on Christianity. 3d ed., 1824,
12mo. 3. Observations on the Religious Peculiarities of
the Society of Friends, 1824, 12mo and Svo. It passed
through seven eds. in the lifetime of the author.
"The best defence of the Quakers; it was ably met in the British
Review."-Bickersteth's C. S.
4. Essays on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Practical
Operations of Christianity, 1827, Svo. Trans. into Ger-
man and Spanish.
"A very valuable summary and defence of evangelical views."-
Bickersteth's C. S.
" Mr. J. J. Gurney, if he had been a clergyman instead of a
Quaker, would have deserved a bishopric for his book upon the
Evidences of Christianity."-Lon. Quir. Rev.
5. Biblical Notes to confirm the Deity of Christ, 1830, Svo.
"An able, solid, and profitable critical illustration of texts on
the subject.”—Bickersteth's C. ‚S.
6. Brief Remarks on the History, Authority, and Use
of the Sabbath, 1831, 18mo.
"Like every thing which proceeds from this author's pen, it dis-
plays solid erudition and acute reasoning, united to true simplicity
of mind and fervent piety."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
7. Portable Evid. of Chris'y, 2d ed., 2, 18mo. New
ed., 1841, 18mo. 8. Four Lects. on the Evid. of Chris'y,
1834, 18mo. 9. Treatise on the Habitual Exercise of Love
to God considered as a Preparative for Heaven, 18mo and
Svo; 7th ed., 1848, 18mo. 10. Letter to a Clerical Friend
on the Accordance of Geological Discovery with Natural
and Revealed Religion, 1835, 12mo.
•
We greatly mistake if this tract, from the pen of our excellent
friend, Mr. Gurney, will not be found eminently serviceable to the
interests of revealed religion."-Lon. Evangel. Mag.
11. Sabbatical Verses, 1837, Svo.
"We do not consider that he was a poet of a very high order;
but we might select from that volume, and from others of his
verses, sonie effusions which evince taste and feeling. attuning
devout ideas to the voice of melody."-Lon. Christian Observer.
12. Familiar Sketch of Wm. Wilberforce, 1840, 18mo.
13. A Winter in the West Indies, described in Familiar
Letters to Henry Clay, of Kentucky, 1840, 8vo; 4th ed.,
1841, 18mo. 14. Terms. of Union in the Bible Society.
15. Puseyism traced to its Root, 2d ed., 1845, Svo. 16.
Thoughts on Habit and Discipline, 12mo and Svo; 2d ed.,
1844, 12mo; 6th ed., 1852, 12mo.
"Its tone is decidedly religious, but its method is philosophical,
while its style is popular.”—Lon.`Athenæum.
Mr. Gurney also pub. Treatises on the Right Applica-
tion of Knowledge, and on other subjects. His Minor
Works have been pub. by Gilpin, of London, in 2 vols. 8vo.
Mr. Gurney was thrice married: first, to Jane Birbeck,
who died in 1822; secondly, to Mary Fowler, who died in
1836; and, thirdly, to Eliza P. Kirkbride, who survives
him. As a Christian, a philanthropist, and a man of ex-
tensive and accurate learning, Mr. Gurney was amply
entitled to the extraordinary respect and veneration which
was accorded to him by men of all ranks of life and all |
classes of opinion.
Gurney, Richard, Jr. Fables, Lon., 1809, 12mo.
Gurney, Thomas. System of Short-Hand, Lon.,
1843, fp. Svo.
Gurney, W. B. System of Short-Haz 1, 16th ed.,
Lon., 1843, 12mo.
Gurney, Wm. 1. Serm., 1808. 2. Serm., 1808.
Gurney, Rev. Wm. Pocket-Dictionary of the Holy
Bible, Lon., 1826, 18mo; 1834, 24mo. From Calmet,
Brown, and others.
Gurwood, Colonel John, R.N., C.B.., and Deputy-
Lieut. of the Tower of London, d. 1845, entered the army
in 1808, and served under the Duke of Wellington in the
Peninsula and at Waterloo. He filled the post of private
secretary to the Duke, and was therefore well calculated
for the laborious duty of editing his Despatches and
Orders, which he performed in a highly creditable manner.
The mental toil and anxiety involved in this undertaking
perhaps proved indirectly the cause of the colonel's death
he committed suicide in a fit of insanity produced "by
relaxation of his nervous system, in consequence of his
great work, The Wellington Despatches,' being con-
cluded,"-Lon. Gent. Mag., Feb.1846; where will be found
an interesting biography of this distinguished soldier.
The Despatches of the Duke of Wellington, 1799-1818,-
which may be entitled a history of British military opera-
tions for that period,―were pub. in 13 vols. Svo, including
the Index, 1835-38. New ed., S vols. r. Svo, 1843-48; also
in 1853, S vols. Svo. Selections from, 1842, r. Svo; also
in 1850, r. Svo. To the Despatches must be added The
General Orders of the Duke, 1809-18,-also compiled by
Colonel Gurwood;-1837, Svo.
(
"Colonel Gurwood takes occasion, but much too seldom, to in-
troduce short notes of his own, in order to eludidate circumstances
which the text of the letters does not explain. We greatly wish
that he had been less diffident on this score. The Duke's high-
spirited and able Editor."-ROBERT SOUTHEY: Lon. Quar. Rev.,
viii. 82-107.
"The most authentic and valuable of biographical productions.
It is analogous to Sparks's Life and Writings of Washington."-
CHANCELLOR KENT,
•
Colonel Gurwood also arranged The Duke's Speeches
For a notice of
in Parliament, pub. in 1853, 2 vols. 8vo.
The Despatches and Orders, and estimates of the literary
character of the author, see WELLINGTON, ARTHUR WEL-
LESLEY, DUKE OF.
Gutch, J. W. G. Literary and Scientific Register,
Lon., 32mo. Pub. annually, 1842-56.
Gutch, John, d. 1831, aged 86, Registrar of the
Univ. of Oxford, Rector of St. Clement's, and Chaplain
of All-Souls' College. 1. Collectanea Curiosa; or, Miscell.
Tracts rel. to the Hist. and Antiq. of Eng. and Ireland,
the Univ. of Oxford and Camb., &c., chiefly from the MSS.
of Archbp. Sancroft, Oxf., 1781, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Hist. and
Antiq. of the Univ. of Oxford; now first pub. in English,
from the original MSS. of Ant. Wood, with a Continuation
by the Editor, 1786, 4to. . Fasti Oxonienses, by W.;
7.
with a Continuation, &c. by the Editor, 1790, 4to. 4. The
Antiq. and Annals of the Univ. of Oxford, from the MS.
of Wood, 1792-94-96, 3 vols. 4to. See WOOD, ANTHONY.
Mag., Sept. 1831.
A biography of Mr. Gutch will be found in Lon. Gent.
Gutch, John Mathew, ed. of Farley's Journal, d.
1858. A Lytell Geste of Robin Hode, 1847, 2 vols. 8vo.
..
These handsome volumes, both in richness of matter and cor-
rectness of text, exceed the precious labours of even Ritson him-
self."-Lon. Gent. Mag.
"If any one wants to know bold Robin Hood as he was, let him
straightway possess himself of those two delightful volumes for
which we are indebted to Mr. Gutch.
which we are indebted to Mr. Gutch. We have here not only the
consecutive series of hallads known as The Lytell Geste of Robin
Hode, but every ballad, tale, and song, relating to the famous
outlaw; and the whole are beautifully illustrated. Mr. Gutch
thoroughly understands the duty of an editor, and has applied
himself heart and soul to the task in consequence, he has given
us by far the best collection of English ballads which for years
has issued from the press."-Blackwood's Mug.
The graphic lines of the poet will occur to many of our
readers:
"In this our spacious Isle, I think there is not one
But he of Robin Hood hath heard, and Little John,
And to the end of time the tales shall ne'er be done,
Of Scarlock, George à Green and Much the Miller's Son,
Of Tuck the merry Friar, which many a Sermon made
In praise of Robin Hood, his outlaws, and their trade.”
DRAYTON.
Gutch, Rev. Robert. A Discourse, Lon., 1803, 8vo.
Guthrie, G. J., an eminent surgeon, has pub. a num-
ber of professional treatises of high reputation, 1815-53.
Guthrie, or Guthry, Henry, d. 1676? Bishop of
Dunkeld, 1664. Memoirs, temp. Charles I., Lon., 1702,
8vo; 2d ed., Glasg., 1747, 12mo.
Guthrie, James. Considerations rel. to the Dangers
to Religion and the Reform., Edin., 1660, 12mo.
Guthrie, James. Serm., 1732, Svo; 1738, 12mo.
Guthrie, John. Laws of England, Lon., 18 13. dre
750
GUT
GWI
Guthrie, Mrs. Maria, wife of Dr. Matthew Guthrie, | G.'s works are well known to the English reader, viz.:
and Acting Directress of the Imperial Convent for the 1. Chinese History, Lon., 1834, 2 vols. 8vo.
education of the Female Nobility of Russia. A Tour in
1795-96 through the Taurica or Crimea, Lon., 1802, 4to.
"This work contains a lovely description of the various tribes
that inhabit the Crimea; their manners, institutions. natural
history, and remarks on the migrations of the Asiatic tribes. That
part of the work which relates to antiquities was written by her
husband, Dr. Guthrie.”—Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
Guthrie, Matthew, M.D., husband of the preceding,
d. at St. Petersburgh in 1807. Dissert. sur les Antiquities
de Russie, &c., Petersb., 1795, 8vo. He con. papers to
Phil. Trans., 1778, '79; Trans. Edin. Soc., 1790; Nichol.
Jour., 1798.
Guthrie, Thomas, D.D., b. 1800, minister of Free
St. John's, Edinburgh, was born at Brechin, Forfarshire,
Scotland. 1. A Sufficient Maintenance and an Efficient
Ministry; a Serm., with Notes, Edin., 1852, 8vo.
"We earnestly recommend this discourse."— Baptist Mag.
2. The Gospel in Ezekiel, 1855, 12mo; 20th thousand.
"The most eloquent of the present range of Free Church
preachers."
"In the excellent work before us, these lights of the glorious
Gospel, as revealed to an ancient prophet, are collected, arranged,
and illustrated, by the hand of a master."-Chris. Observer.
Dr. Guthrie has also pub. A Plea in behalf of Drunkards
against Drunkenness, and edited a new ed. (Edin., 1856,
fp. 8vo) of Berridge's Christian World Unmasked. He
was one of the four leading men-the other three being
Drs. Chalmers, Cunningham, and Candlish-connected
with the disruption of the Established Church of Scotland
and the institution of the Free Church of that country.
To him also humanity is indebted for the establishment
of the Edinburgh original Ragged or Industrial School,
which has been productive of vast benefit to the poorer
classes.
Guthrie, Wm., 1708-1770, a native of Brechin, a
schoolmaster in Aberdeen, and subsequently an author in
London, pub. a number of works and trans. from Cicero
and Quintilian. 1. Hist. of England to 1688, Lon., 1744
51, 3 vols. fol. Reprinted in 1771.
"A Tory history of England. by no means destitute of merit."
Now [1824] rarely consulted.”—Dildin's Lib. Comp.
Ralph's Hist. of England may be read as a continuation
of Guthrie's. 2. Hist. of the English Peerage, 1763, 4to.
3. General Hist. of the World, 1764-67, 12 vols. 8vo. 4.
A General Hist. of Scotland to 1746, 1767, 10 vols. Svo.
5. New System of Modern Geography, or a Geog., Hist.,
and Commercial Grammar, &c., 1770, Svo. Many edits.;
last, by Davenport, 1843, 18mo; last ed. of the Atlas,
1840, Svo. It is asserted that the bookseller, and not
Guthrie, was really the compiler of this popular work. 6.
Chronological Table, 1744, Svo. Guthrie vas a contri-
butor to the Gentleman's Magazine and to the Critical
Review, and the author of many political pamphlets, &c.
pub. without his name. See Lysons's Environs, vol. iii.;
Nichols's Lit. Anecdotes; Boswell's Life of Johnson;
Disraeli's Calamities of Authors.
"Sir, be [Guthrie] is a man of parts. Ile has no great regular
fund of knowledge, but by reading so long and writing so long he
has no doubt picked up a good deal."-Dr. Johnson to Boswell,
Guthrie, Wm., M.D., of St. Petersburgh. Con. to
Med. Com., 1777, 94, 95.
"We cordially recommend this exceedingly interesting account
of this very interesting country."-Lom. Review.
"An authentic and interesting picture of China."-CHANCELLOR
KENT.
2. China Opened; ed. by Rev. A. Reed, 1838, 2 vols.
p. 8vo.
“A superficial, yet, on the whole, pretty good, sketch of China
and its inhabitants.”—McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.
Guthry, Henry. See Guthrie.
GUTHRIE.
Gutzlaff, Rev. Charles, D.D., 1803-1851, a native
of Pyritz, Pomerania, a missionary in Java, Singapore,
Siam, and China, from 1826 until his death at Canton,
was the author of many works-theolog., historical, philo-
logical, legal, critical. &c.-in Dutch, Latin, Siamese,
Cochin-Chinese, and Engush. An interesting account of
his life and labours will be found in the London Gent.
Mag. for Dec. 1851. See also The International Mag.,
(N. York,) vol. i. 317–318; iv. 707. Three or four of Dr.
"By far the most interesting, complete, and valuable account
of the Chinese Empire that has yet been published."-Lon. Sun.
3. A Journal of Three Voyages along the Coast of China,
1831-33; 3d ed., 1839, p. 8vo.
"The work of a man who has done more to break down the
barrier which prevents the entrance of Christian missionaries into
China than any other human being."-Lm. Eclectic Review.
"Mr. Gutzlaff's voyages are replete with surpassing interest.
He is a wonderful man, a heroic Christian, and a zealous philan
thropist."-Scottish Pilot.
4. The Life of Taon Kwang, late Emperor of China,
1852, p. Svo. Reviews of Mr. Gutzlaff's accounts of China
will be found in the Amer. Quar. Rev., xvii. 100, (“a
learned and masterly production."-CHANCELLOR KENT;)
Lon. Quar. Rev., li. 468; by E. G. Smith, in Chris. Quar.
330. See also Lieber's Essays on Property and Labour,
Spec., v. 591; by B. B. Edwards, in Amer. Quar. Obs., i.
ed. 1854, p. 67.
Guthrie, Wm., 1620-1665, minister of the parish
church of Finwick, 1644–64. The Christian's Great
Interest. New ed., Lon., 1705; Glasg., 1755, Svo. With
Memoirs of the Author, &c., Edin., 1797, 12mo; 4th ed.,
with Introduc. by T. Chalmers, D.D., Glasg., 1844, 12mo;
7th ed., 1850, 12mo. Trans. into French, High and Low
Dutch, and (at the expense, it is said, of the Hon. Robert
Boyle) into one of the Eastern languages.
Dr. John Owen called this book his Vade-Mecum, and
added,
Guybon, Francis. Empiricism, Lon., 1712, Svo.
Guyse, John, D.D., 1680-1761, a Calvinistic Inde-
pendent divine, settled at Hertford, and subsequently in
"I have wrote several folios, but there is more divinity in it New Broad Street, London, pub. a number of Serms., Dis-
than them all.”
"An excellent work."-Bickersteth's C. S.
A sermon of Guthrie's on Sympathy, and Memoirs of
his Life by Rev. Wm. Dunlop, will be found in the Select
Biographies edited for the Woodrow Society by Rev. W.
K. Tweedie, Edin., 1845-47, 2 vols. Svo.
Guy, J. Songs, Catches, &c., 1799.
Guy, Joseph, Prof. of Geography at the Royal Mili-
tary College, Great Marlow, has pub. many educational
works on Astronomy, Geography, History, Arithmetic, &c.,
which maintain a high reputation.
Guy, Joseph, Jr., of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, son of
the preceding, was his father's assistant in some of the
works just noticed, and has himself pub. a number of
volumes on Grammar, Arithmetic, &c.
Guy, Melmoth. Cancerous Cases, &c., Lon., 1777, Sro.
Guy, Richard. Works upon Cancers, &c., 1755-65.
Guy, Thomas, d. 1724, aged 80. the founder of Guy's
Hospital. His Last Will, Lon., 1725, Svo.
Guy, W. A. Principles of Forensic Medicine, Lon.,
1844, fp. Svo. Amer. ed., by C. A. Lee, N. York, 1845, Svo.
Guy, Wm. Dislocation; Med. Facts, 1794.
courses, &c., but is best known by The Practical Exposi-
tor; or, An Exposition of the N. Test. in the form of a
Paraphrase, with Notes, &c., Lon., 1739-42, 3 vols. 4to;
1760, 3 vols. 4to: called the best ed. Other eds., in 6 vols.
Sro, Edin., 1775, 180S, '14.
..
Dr. G. has shown his solid judgment and learning; and, with-
out affectation and needless pomp of criticism, has given the reader
as full a view of the sense of the best interpreters, and as compre
hensive an insight into the scope and meaning of the New Testa-
ment, as is likely perhaps to be met with in the same compass of
words."-MIDDLETON.
"A heavy work. In the paraphrase various and often discord-
ant senses are brought together. The notes do not throw much
light on the text. It is far inferior to the similar work of his
friend and contemporary, Dr. Doddridge, [The Family Expositor.]"
-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"If this work has not an air of elegant criticism and modern re-
finement, like the Family Expositor, [of Dr. Doddridge.] it is very
sound and judicious, expressed in a style significant, perspicuous,
and correct. though not ornamented."-Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
“Very useful to a minister, though too heavy for the general
reader."-Bickersteth's C. S.
His paraphrase has never been very popular."-Horne's Bibl.
Bib.
..
It displays sound judgment, an intimate acquaintance with
the original, considerable critical acumen, with much seriousness
and zeal for truth."-BOGUE AND BENNETT.
..
His work on the Holy Spirit (greatly admired) has been
recently (Lon., 1840, r. Svo) repub. His sermons, pub.
separately and collectively, and at various dates, have
been highly commended:
His discourses the reader will find judicious, weighty, serious,
evangelical, and instructive."--Wilson's Dissenters.
"Evangelical and practical.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
·
Gwilliam, or Guillim, Sir Henry, Chicf-Justice
of the Isle of Ely. 1. Bacon's Abridgt.: see BACON,
MATTHEW. 2. A Charge, 1799, 4to. 3. Acts, &c. rel. to
Tithes, 1801, 4 vols. r. Svo; 2d ed., by C. Ellis, 1825,
rols. r. Svo.
Gwilliam, John. Poems, &c., Lon., 1813, &c.
Gwillim, John. See GUILLIM,
Gwilt, Joseph. Encyc. of Architecture, illus. by
upwards of 1000 engravings on wood, Lon., 1842, Svc ; 3d
ed., 1854, 8vo.
This elaborate and learned work constitutes a complete body
of architecture."-Lon. Spectator.
..
,
751
GWI
HAC
Mr. G. hus pub. a number of other works on Architec-
ture, &c.
Gwilym, David Ap, 1340-1400? the "Ovid of
Wales," was a native of Brogynin, Cardiganshire. His
Poems, in Welsh, pub. by Owen Jones and Wm. Owen,
1792, Svo. Highly commended by the editors.
Gwinett, Ambrose. His Life, Lon., Svo.
Gwinne, or Gwynne, Matthew, M.D., d. 1627, a
native of London, Fellow of St. John's Coll., Oxford, first
Prof. of Physic in Gresham Coll., London, 1596-1607.
1. Nero Tragoedia, Lon., 1603, 4to. 2. Vertumnus Coma-
dia, 1607, 4to. 3. Chymicæ, 1611, 4to. Other publica-
tions. See Athen. Oxon.; Ward's Lives of the Gresham
Professors.
Gwinneth, or Gwynneth, John, Vicar of Luton,
pub. a number of treatises against the writings of John
Frith and the doctrines of the Reformation, Lon., 1536-57.
See Athen. Oxon.
Gwyn, David. English verses, Lon., 16mo.
Gwyne, Lieut. Lawrence, R.N. Robertson's Navi-
gation; 7th ed., 1805, r. 8vo.
Gwyne, Wm. Two Serms., 1780, 4to.
Gwynn, John. 1. Essay on Design, Lon., 1749, 8vo.
2. London and Westminster improved, 1766, 4to. Many
of the improvements here suggested have been effected.
The dedication to the King was written by Dr. Samuel
Johnson.
Gwynne, John. Military Memoirs of the Great
Civil War, &c., Edin., 1822, 4to. 500 copies printed.
The introduction was written by Sir Walter Scott.
"Captain Gwynne was a retainer in the household of Charles I.,
whom he served in the war; afterwards he followed the banner of
Charles II., served under Montrose, and joined James, Duke of
York, on the Continent."
Gwynne, Matthew, M.D. See GWINNe.
"On the Continent thousands have testified to the merits of this
admirable author. The original has now reached its twenty-third
edition. We are convinced that this portion of his writings has
only to be known in this country to be equally appreciated.”-
L n. Allas.
Habersham, A. W., U.S.N. My Last Cruise; being
an Account of the U.S. North Pacific Exploring Expedi-
tion; 2d ed., Phila., 1857, Svo. Highly commended.
1.
Habershon, Matthew. 1. Prophetic Scriptures,
Lon., 1834, '40, 42, Svo. 2. A Guide to the Study of
Chronological Prophecy, 1835, 12mo.
"It is written in a practical and Christian spirit, and well de
serves attention for its truly pious and important remarks.”—
BICKERSTETH.
3. Revelation of St. John, 1841, 8vo; 1844, 2 vols. 8vo.
4. Premillennial Hymns, 2d ed., 1841, 18mo.
Habington, Thomas, d. 1647, collected the materials
which formed the basis of Treadway Nash's Hist. of Wor-
cestershire, and was engaged in some other literary labours.
He was implicated in Babington's and in Essex's conspi-
racies, and in the Gunpowder Plot. See Bliss's Wood's
Athen. Oxon.
Gwynne, T. Law rel. to Duties on Probate and
Lett. of Adminis.; 3d ed., Lon., 1841, 12mo.
Gwynneth, John. See GWINNETH.
H.
Haas, James D. 1. Gleanings from Germany, Lon.,
1838, p. 8vo. 2. F. Kohlrausch's Hist. of Germany, trans.
by J. D. H., 1845, Svo. Highly commended. 3. Zschokke's
Hours of Meditation, 1843, fp. Svo; 1846, 12mo.
Habington, William, 1605-1645, son of the pre-
ceding, was educated at the College of St. Omer, and in-
tended for a Jesuit, but in preference he married Lucy,
daughter of William Herbert, first Lord Powis, by Eleanor,
daughter of Henry Percy, first Earl of Northumberland.
This lady, first as the object of his courtship and secondly
as his wife, he has celebrated in his poems under the title
of Castara. Under this name also his poems were col-
lected and pub. in 1634, Lon., 4to; 2d ed., 1635, 12mo;
3d ed., 1640, 12mo. New ed., with a Pref. and Notes by
C. A. Elton, Bristol, 1814, Svo. Also in Johnson and Chal-
mers's Eng. Poets, 1810.
"They possess much elegance, much poetical fancy; and are
almost everywhere tinged with a deep moral cast, which ought to
have made their fame permanent. Indeed I cannot easily account
for the neglect of them."-SIR S. EGERTON BRYDGES: Cens. Lit., viii.
227-233; and see p. 387-396.
"Some of his pieces deserve being revived."-Headley's Anc.
Eng. Poet.
As an amatory poet he possesses more unaffected tenderness
and delicacy of sentiment than either Carew or Waller, with an
elegance of versification very seldom inferior to his more favoured
contemporaries."-THOMAS PARK.
But audi alteram partem:
Gybson. A Description of Nortons in Yorkshire, 1569.
Gybson, Thomas. Concordance of the N. Test.
Impr. by T. G., 1535? Probably the work of John
Day, assisted by Gybson, the printer.
Gyer, Rev. Nicholas. Phlebotomy, Lon., 1592, 8vo.
Gyffard, Giffard, Gifford, or Gyfford, George,
minister of Maldon, Essex, pub. 15 Serms. on the Song of
Solomon, a number of occasional serms., and treatises
against Romanists, Brownists, witchcraft, &c., 1573-1620.
"A very noted preacher, and one most admirably well vers'd in
several sorts of learning which were rare and much in esteem in
his time. but withal a great enemy to Popery."-Athen. Oxon.. q. v.
Gyfford, E. Designs for Elegant Cottages and Small
Villas, 1809, 4to.
Gyfford, George. See GYFFARD.
Gytford, R. Sacred Poems, Lon., 12mo.
Gylby, Goddred. 1. Trans. of an Epist. on the office
of a Magistrate, &c., by Cicero and Quintus, Lon., 1561,
16mo. 2. Trans. of Calvin's Admonit. against Astrology
Judiciall, &c., 16mo.
Gylebie, or Gylby, Anthony. See GILBY.
Gyles, J. F. 1. Authenticity of the N. Test., Lon.,
1812, Svo.
“A learned and satisfactory essay."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
2. New Hebrew Grammar, 1814, '16, Svo.
"Characterized by simplicity of manner and clearness of illus
tration."- Horne's Bibl. Bib.
3. The Truth of Christianity, 1832, Svo.
"An attempt to state clearly and concisely the leading evidences
for the truth of Christianity."
Gyles, Wm. A Defence of Dr. Sherlock's Preserva-
tive against Popery; in reply to a Jesuit's Answer, Lon.,
1688, 4to.
"He was a middling poet of the worst school of poetry, pos
sessed the coldness without the smoothness and polish of Waller,
and sacrificed grace and feeling to the utterance of clever or strange
things: his anatory poetry is without passion. bis funeral elegies
without grief, and his paraphrases of scripture without the warmth
or elevation of the original."—Lon. Retrosp. Rev., xii. 274286:
1825.
"The poetry of Habington is that of a pure and amiable mind,
turned to versification by the custom of the day, during a real
passion for a lady of birth and virtue, the Castara whom he after-
wards married: but it displays no great original power, nor is it by
any means exempt from the ordinary blemishes of hyperbolical
compliment and far-fetched imagery."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of
Europe.
And in Dodsley's Collec. of Old Plays.
2. The Queene of Aragon; a Tragi-Comedie, 1664, fol.
incident, character, or imagery."-Retrosp. Rev., ubi supra.
"The play, indeed, possesses little that can be praised either in
3. Hist. of Edward the IV., King of England, 1640, fol.
Written and pub. at the desire of K. Charles I. It is re-
printed in vol. i. of Kennett's Hist. of England. 4. Obser-
vations upon Historie, 1641, 8vo.
Wood observes that the Hist. of Edward IV. was
"By many esteemed to have a stile sufficiently florid. and better
and also Biog. Dramat.; and Johnson and Chalmers's Eng. Poets,
becoming a poetical than historical subject.”—Athen. Oxon., q. v.;
1810.
Hack, Maria, a sister of Bernard Barton, has pub.
English Stories of the Olden Time, Grecian Stories, Tales
of Travellers for Winter Evenings, and other popular
juvenile works.
Hacke, Capt. Wm. A Collection of Original Voyages,
Lon., 1699, Svo. This collection contains part of the ori-
ginal material for the History of the Bucaniers: Capt.
Cowley's Voyage round the Globe, Capt. Sharp's Journey
over the Isthmus of Darien and Expedition to the South
Seas, Capt. Wood's Voyage to the Straits of Magellan, &c.
Hacket, Mrs. Poems, 1804, 8vo.
Hacket, John, D.D., 1592-1670, a native of London,
1618; of St. Andrew's, Holborn, London, and of Cheam,
educated at Trin. Coll., Camb.; Rector of Stoke-Hamon,
Surrey, 1624; Archdeacon of Bedford, 1631; Bishop of
Lichfield and Coventry, 1661. As a theologian he was a
zealous Protestant and a moderate Calvinist; as a man he
was in great reputation for piety, hospitality, generosity,
and benignity. 1. Comoedia Loila, data per Joh. Hackst
Epis. Litchfield, Lon., 1648, 8vo. This Latin comedy was
twice acted before James I. 2. Serm., 1660, 4to. 3. A
Century of Serms., with the Author's Life, by Thos. Plume,
D.D., 1675, fol.
752
HAC
HAG
•
•
1761. See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors.
"Bishop Iacket and I go on well after supper. His are comical | '65, '83. Tales in Verse, and a Treatise on Forest Trees,
sermons: half Roman Catholic in their conceits, full of learning |
which would be utterly unprofitable if it did not sometimes call
forth a shrewd remark, seasoned with piety, and having strong
good sense mixed up with other ingredients, like plums in a pud
ding which has not too many of them."-Southey's Life and Cor-
resp.
4. Scrinia Reserta: the Life of Archbishop Williams,
1693, fol.
Abridged by Ambrose Philips, 1700, 8vo.
Abridged by W. Stephens, 1715, 4to.
"Full of curious mutter."-DISRAELI.
"What a delightful and instructive book Bishop Hacket's Life
of Archbishop Williams is! You learn more from it of that which
is valuable towards an insight into the times preceding the Civil
Wars, than from all the ponderous histories and memoirs now com-
posed about that period."-COLERIDGE.
Haddo, James. Baptism, Edin., 1704, 4to.
Haddon, Walter, 1516–1572, a native of Bucking-
Another critic remarks that this work,
"Though full of elaborate and pedantic absurdity, insomuchhamshire, one of the revivers of the learned languages in
that it was roundly declared by a great judge of style to be the England, Fellow of King's Coll., Camb., became President
worst-written book in the language, nevertheless abounds with of Magdalen Coll., Oxf., and Prof. of Rhetoric and Ora-
new and curious matter."-Lom. Quar. Rev.
tory in the University. He was one of the authors of The
Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum. A collective edit.
of his works, consisting of 10 Latin Orations, 14 letters,
and some poems, was pub. in 1567, Lon., 4to, under the
title of Lucubrationes, &c. His Poemata were pub., with
his Life, in 1576, 16mo.
When Queen Elizabeth was asked whether she preferred
Haddon or Buchanan in point of learning, she replied,
"Buchananum omnibus antepono,
Haddonum nemini postpono."
A new ed. of his Christian Consolations, with a Memoir,
was pub. in 1840, fp. 8vo; and a treatise of his on Fasting
will be found in Tracts of Angl. Fathers, iv. 163.
"He abounded not only with great learning, acute wit, excellent
judgment and memory, but with an incomparable integrity, pru-
dence, justice, piety, charity, constancy to God and to his friend in
adversity, and in his friendship was most industrious to fulfil it
with good offices. His motto was. Serve God, and be chearfull.”—
DR. CAMPBELL: Biog. Brit., q. v.; also Life by Dr. Plume, prefixed
to his Sermons; Gen. Dict.; Athen. Oxon.; Gent. Mag., vol. Ixvi.
Hacket, Lawrence. Serm., 1707, 4to.
!
Hackett, Horatio B., b. December 27, 1808, at
Salisbury, Mass.; grad. at Amherst College, 1830; studied
Theology at Andover, and afterwards at Halle, in Germany;
Prof. Ancient Languages in Brown Univ. from 1835 to 1839.
Since then Prof. of Hebrew and Biblical Interpretation in
Newton Theological Institution.
1. Plutarch de sera Numinis Vindicta, with a body of
Notes, Andover, 12mo. 2. Chaldee Gramınar, translated
with Additions from the German, 8vo. 3. Hebrew Exer-
cises for the use of Theological Students. 4. A Commen-
tary on the Original Text of the Acts of the Apostles, 1853,
8yo; 2d ed., 1858. 5. Illustrations of Scripture, suggested
by a Tour in the Holy Land, Bost., 1855, 12mo, pp. 340.
Prof. Hackett has also contributed to various literary and
theological reviews. See N. Amer. Rev., July, 1858, 235.
Hackett, James. Expedit. which sailed to S. Ame-
rica in 1817, 1818, Svo.
Hackett, James Thomas, b. in Cork, Ireland, 1805,
son of John Hackett, is the author of various pamphlets
on railway statistics. building, and mathematics.
Hackett, John. Epitaphs, Lon., 1757, 2 vols. 12mo.
"An excellent collection."-Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Hackett, Roger. 1. Serm., 1591. 2. Do., 1598, 1628.
Hackett, Thomas, D.D., Bishop of Down and Con-
nor, 1672; deprived for simony, 1694. Serm., Lon., 1672,4to.
Hackett, Capt. Wm. Cavalry, 1811, Svo.
Hackewill, Wm. See HAKEWELL.
Hackitt, Thomas. 1. Voyage of Vezarianus, 1524.
2. Voyage of Ribault, in 1563. These are included in
Hakluyt's Voyages, 1582, 4to, q. v.
Hackle, Palmer. Hints on Angling, Lon., 1846.
Hackley, Charles W., b. March 9, 180S, at Herkimer,
N. Y.; entered Military Acad., West Point, as Cadet, in
1825; grad., 1829; Assistant Professor of Mathematics at
West Point until 1832; studied law, and afterwards theo-
logy, and was ordained a clergyman in the Prot. Episcopal
Church in 1835; Prof. Mathematics in the Univ. of New
York till 1838; afterwards Pres. of Jefferson College, Mis-
sissippi; Rector of St. Peter's Epis. Church in Auburn,
N. Y.; and Prof. of Mathematics and Astronomy in Co-
lumbia College, N. Y., (since 1843.) 1. Treatise on Algebra,
N. Y., 1846, 8vo. This is considered one of the most full
and complete single treatises on this subject in any language.
2. A School and College edition, abridged from the same,
Svo. 3. A treatise on Geometry, 1847, 12mo. 4. A trea-
tise on Trigonometry and its applications to Navigation,
Surveying, Nautical and Practical Astronomy, &c., and
Geodesy, 1851, '54, Svo. 5. Haslett's Mechanics', Machin-
ists', and Engineers' Practical Book of Reference; and the
Engineer's Field-Book; edited by C. W. H., 1856, 12mo.
Hackluyt, Richard. See HAKLUYT.
Hackman, Rev. James. His Letters: see Sir Her-
His Letters: see Sir Her-
bert Croft's Love and Madness.
Haddington, Thomas Hamilton, first Earl of, d.
1637, left a number of legal MSS.-Practics, Decisions |
of the Ct. of Session, 1592-1624, &c.-for an account of
which see Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors.
Haddington, Thomas Hamilton, sixth Earl of,
1. 1785, was the author of Forty Select Poems, 1737, 61,
Haddock, Charles B., D.D., b. 1796, late minister
from the U. States to Portugal, is a native of Salisbury,
(now Franklin,) N. Hampshire, and a nephew of the late
Hon. Daniel Webster. An interesting biographical sketch
of this eminent scholar and divine will be found in the
International Magazine, ii. 1–3. Addresses and Miscella-
neous Writings, Cambridge, 1846, 8vo. Dr. H. has been a
contributor to The Biblical Repertory, The Bibliotheca
Sacra, and other periodicals He has now in preparation
a work on Rhetoric.
:
An eminent modern critic considers that Haddon's merits
as a Latinist have been overrated:
**
Many of our own critics have extolled the Latinity of Walter
Haddon. His Orations were published in 1567. They belong to
the first years of this period. [1550 to 1600.] but they seem hardly
to deserve any high praise. Haddon had certainly laboured at an
imitation of Cicero, but without catching his manner or getting
rid of the florid. semi-poetical tone of the fourth century."-Hul-
lam's Lit. Hist, of Europe.
Haden, Charles Thomas. 1. Med. Guide for Fa-
milies, Lon., Svo. 2. Alcock's Diseases of Children, Svo.
3. Formulary rel. to Morphine, &c.: see DUNGLISON, ROB-
LEY, M.D., LL.D.
Haden, Thomas. Case of Rupture, Trans. Med.
and Chir., 1800. The patient recovered.
Hadfield, James. Gothic Architec. of Essex, Lon.,
1848, fol. A work of great value to the antiquary as well
as to the architect.
Hadfield, Thomas. 1. Serm., 1733, Svo. 2. Do.,
1737. Svo.
Hadley, George. Trade Winds, Phil. Trans., 1735.
2. Meteorolog. Diaries, ib. 1735.
Hadley, Capt. George. Hist. of Kingston-upon-
Hull, 1788, 4to. Capt. H. pub. some grammat. works
upon the Persian language, &c., 1776-1809.
Hadley, John, d. 1744, whose name is connected
with the invention of the quadrant and of a reflecting
telescope, contributed a number of papers on astronomy,
nat. philos., &c. to Phil. Trans., 1723-46. He was Vice-
President of the Royal Society.
Hadley, John. Chem. Lects., Camb., 1758, Sro.
Hadow, James. Antinomianism, Edin., 1721, 12mo.
Haggar, Henry. The Order of Causes, of God's
Fore-Knowledge, &c., Lon., 1654, 4to.
Haggard, John, LL.D. 1. Reports in Consis. Ct. of
London, Lon., 1822, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Rep. in H. Ct. Admi-
ralty, 1822-38, 3 vols. Svo; 1825–40. Continued by Dr.
Wm. Robinson. 3. Rep. of the Judg. in Dew e. Clark and
Clark, 1826, 8vo. 4. Rep. of the Judg. rel. to Grace, 1828,
Sro. 5. Rep. in Eccles. Cts., 1827–32, 4 vols. 8vo.
Haggerstone, George. Remarks on a Serm.
preached by Rev. W. Graham, Lon., 1773. Svo.
Haggerty, Francis, D.D. Serm., 1810.
Haggett, John. See HAGGITT.
Haggitt, Francis, D.D. Serm., &c., 1810, '13.
Haggitt, George. 1. The Sacrament, Lon., 1793,
Svo. 2. Serms., 1796, '97, 2 vols. Svo; 1825, Svo.
“Plain and practical sermons; written in simple and unorna -
mented language."
Haggitt, John. 1. Serm., Lon., 1800, Svo.
Letts. on Gothic Architecture, Camb., 1813, r. Svo.
Haghe, Louis, b. in Belgium, 1822, for many years
a resident of England. Sketches in Belgium and Ger-
many, 3 series, 1840, '45, '50, all imp. fol.
2. Two
This work is an honour to the Artist and a credit to the
country, as containing first-rate specimens of artistic skill."-Lon.
M. Post.
Mr. H.. has pub. several other works, "illustrating with
masterly fidelity the archæological treasures of his nativo
country." See Men of the Time, Lon., 1856.
Hagthorpe, John. Divine Meditations and Elegies,
Lon., 1622, sm. Svo. 2. Visiones Rerum, 1623, sm. 8vo.
48
753
HAG
HAK
3. England's Exchequer; or, A Discourse of the Sea and
Navigation, 1625, 4to. Respecting the three preceding
works, see Brydges's Brit. Bibliog., i. 236-240; Bibl.
Anglo-Poet., 925, 926. A vol. entitled Hagthorpe Re-
Hagthorpe Re-
vived, printed entirely on India paper, was struck off at
the Lee Priory Press, by Sir S. E. Brydges, for the mem-
bers of the Roxburghe Club, 1817, 4to.
Hague, Thomas, Political tracts, 180S, '09, '10.
Hague, William, D.D., a native of New York, a
Baptist minister, now (1856) settled at Albany, N. York.
1. The Baptist Church transplanted from the Old World
to the New, N. York, 1846, 12mo. 2. Guide to Conversa-
tion on the Gospel of John, Boston. 3. Review of Drs.
Fuller and Wayland on Slavery, 18mo. Answered by the
Rev. Thos. Meredith, Raleigh, N. C. 4. Christianity and
Statesmanship, N. York, 1855, 12mo. 5. Home Life: 12
Lects. on the Duties and Relations of the Family Circle. !
See Memoirs of Margaret Fuller Ossoli, i. 184.
Hahn, James, and Placido and Justo Gener.
The Stenin Engine for Practical Men, Lon., 1854, Svo.
"A very useful guide to the Practical Engineer."-Lon. Civil
Engineer and Architect's Journal.
. 12mo.
Haig, Charles. Corp. Act of Ireland, Dubl., 1841,
See 1 Legal Reporter, 175.
Haig, James. Topog. and Hist. Account of Kelso
and Roxburgh, &c., Edin., 1825, 8vo.
Haig, James. The Separation of Law and Equity,
&c.. Lon., 1841, 12mo. See 5 Jurist, 1026.
Haigh, J. Day Schools, 1816, 18mo.
Haigh, James. 1. The Dyer's Assist., Leeds, 1778,
12mo. 2. Hint to Dyers, &c., Lon., 1779, 8vo.
Haigh, Samuel. Sketches of Buenos Ayres, Chili,
and Peru, Lon., 8vo.
"We recommend the book as an unpretending production,
abounding in fair and impartial observations, in interesting facts,
in description of manners faithful, while they are picturesque.".
Lon. Athenæum.
.
"
{
Haigh, Thomas. 1. Conjuga Latina, Lon., 1808,
12mo. 2. Diurnal Readings, 1814, 12mo.
Haight, Rev. Benjamin, Rector of All-Saints'
Church, N. York. Address before the Philolexian Soc. of
Columbia Coll., May 17, 1840, N. York, 1840, 8vo, pp. 31.
Haight, Mrs. Sarah Rogers, formerly Miss Ro-
gers, wife of Mr. Richard K. Haight, of New York, has
embodied the results of many years' foreign travel in two
popular vols., entitled Letters from the Old World, N.
York, 1840, 2 vols. 12mo.
•
**
These are delightful volumes of familiar epistles from Egypt.
Syria, Palestine, Asia Minor, Turkey, and Greece; and the impres-
sions they give us of those intensely-interesting regions are so
vivid and lifelike. that we have more than once in reading them
'imagined ourselves with the gifted lady-author in the land of the
east-the clime of the sun.
333
Haighton, John, M.D. Profess. con. to Med. Com.,
1789; to Memoirs Med., 1789, '92; to Phil. Trans., 1795, '97.
Hailes, Lord. See DALRYMPLE, DAVID,
Hailes, C. Reward of the Mercifull, Lon., 1595, 16mo.
Hailes, Wm. Serm., 1722, Svo.
Hails, W. A. 1. Invention of the Life-Boat, 1806,
.8vo. 2. Nuga Poetica, 1806.
·
Hails, W. H. 1. Deity of the Messiah. 2. Socinian-
ism Unscriptural, 1813.
and Providence of God in the Government of the World,
Oxf., 1627, '30, '35, fol.
"There have been many great inquests," remarks Joshua Syl
vestor,
Hailstone, John. 1. Lects. on Mineralogy, 1791,
-8vo. 2. Geology of Cambridgeshire, Geol. Trans., 1816,
Hainam, Hanam, or Hannam, Richard. 1. His
Life, Lon., 1656, 4to. 2. His Last Farewell to the World,
1656, 12mo. 3. His Speech and Confession, 1656, 4to.
Hainam was a famous thief, and died under the gallows.
There was pub. a work entitled The English Villain, or
The Grand Thief; being a full Relation of the desperate
life and death of Richard Hainam, Lon., pp. 14.
Haines, Charles G., d. 1825, aged 32, a native of
Canterbury, New Hampshire, practised law in New York.
Among his writings are-1. Considerations on the Erie
Canal, 1818. 2. Memoir of T. A. Emmet, 1829.
Haines, Richard, pub. several treatises on Trade,
Work-Houses, Alms-Houses, &c., Lon., 1670-84. See
'Watt's Bibl. Brit. ·
Haiward, John. The Strong Helper; teaching in
all Troubles how to cast our Burden upon God, Lon.,
1614. Svo.
Hake, Edward, pub. some theolog., historical, and
other treatises, Lon., 1574-1604. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.;
Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
"To find the cause why bodies still grow less,
And daily nearer to the pigmies' size."
Hakewill, however, contends that the earth does not
decay as it grows old, and that nature is not debilitated
with age. He has treated his subject with much ability,
and his work has been highly commended by Abp. Usher,
Dr. Warton, Dugald Stewart, and others.
Those who think the World is degenerated would do well to
read it."-Dr. J. Wurton to Alex. Pope.
The production of an uncommonly liberal and enlightened
mind, well stored with various and choice learning, collected both
from ancient and modern authors."-DUGALD STEWART.
A work admirably interesting, as well by its piety as its learn-
ing."-TODD.
6.
Some of the good old archdeacon's topics may excite a smile in
these times.”—SOUTHEY.
"A celebrated work, highly commended. The style of Johnson
was much formed upon that of IIooker, Bacon, Sanderson, Hake-
will, and others. Those Giants.' as a great personage calls them."
"The learning shown in this treatise is very extensive; but lake-
will has no taste, and cannot perceive any real superiority in the
ancients."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
See Athen. Oxon.; Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy;
Lloyd's Memoirs; Usher's Life and Letters.
1. Cœlebs; a Novel,
Hakewill, James, architect.
1812, sm. Svo. 2. Hist. of Windsor, &c., Lon., 1813, imp.
4to, and 1. paper. 3. Picturesque Tour of Italy, 1816-17,
63 engravings from drawings, by J. M. W. Turner, 1820,
4to, and 1. paper, fol.
One of the most beautiful and really instructive works of its
kind in this country.”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
This should accompany Eustace's Tour, and Addison
and Forsyth's Travels.
4. Tour in Jamaica, 1820-21, r. 4to, and 1. paper, 1825.
5. Elizabethan Architecture, 1847, Svo.
Hakewill, Wm., M.P., an eminent lawyer, educated
at Exeter Coll., Oxf., elder brother of George, pub. several
political and other treatises, of which the following are the
best-known:-1. Liberty of the Subject, Lon., 1641, 4to.
2. Modus tenedi Parliamentum, 1641, 71, Svo; 1659, 12mo.
"He was a grave and judicious counsellor, had sate in divers
parliaments, and out of his great and long conversation with an-
tiquity did extract several remarkable observations concerning the
liberty of the subject, and manner of holding of parliaments."-
See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.
|
Hakewill, George, D.D., 1579-1649, a native of
Exeter, educated at St. Alban's Hall, Oxf,, became Arch-
deacon of Surrey, 1616. He pub. several theolog. treatises
and serms., 1608-41, and the following work, by which he
is best known: An Apologie or Declaration of the Power
Hakluyt, Richard, 1553 ?-1616, Preb. of Bristol and
of Westminster, and Rector of Wetheringset, Suffolk, was
a native of London or its vicinity, and educated at Christ
Church, Oxford. He took great interest in the voyages
made by his countrymen and others; and it is to his in-
dustry and enterprise that we are indebted for the preser-
vation of accounts which would otherwise, in all proba-
bility, have been entirely lost to the world. 1. Diuers
Voyages touching the Discouerie of America and the
Islands adjacent unto the same, &c., Lon., 1582, 4to.
2. Foure Voyages unto Florida, &c., by Capt. Loudonniere
and others. Trans. from the French, by R. Hakluyt, 1587,
4to. The year preceding he had this work pub. at Paris,
in French. He also had pub. at Paris, in 1587, an im-
proved ed. of Peter Martyr's work, De Orbe Novo, Svo;
and at his suggestion this work was afterwards trans. into
English, by M. Lok, and pub. under the title of The His-
torie of the West Indies. It is repub. in the Supp. Vol. to
the reprint of Hakluyt's Voyages, 1809-12, 5 vols. 4to.
See Lon. Retrosp. Rev., xi. 100-123: 1825. 3. The Prin-
cipal Nauigations, Voyages, Traffiques, and Discoueries of
the English Nation, made by sea or over land, to the most
remote and farthest distant quarters of the Earth, at any
time within the compasse of these 1500 years, 1589, fol.
This is the first ed. of the celebrated collection to which
Hakluyt principally owes his fame. It is exceedingly
rare; and Jadis's copy, (see his cat., 339,) with a map re-
ferred to in the preface, (see next sentence,) and an account
of Sir F. Drake's Voyage, 6 leaves, inserted between pp.
643-644, sold for £26 58.
•
But the best map of the sixteenth century is one of uncommon
rarity, which is found in a very few copies of the first edition of
Hakluyt's Voyages. This contains Davis's Straits, (Fretum Davis.)
Virginia by name, and the lake Ontario.... It represents the ut
most limit of geographical knowledge at the close of the sixteenth
century, and far excels the maps in the edition of Ortelius at Ant-
werp in 1588."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe. q. v.
An enlarged ed., comprehending 1600 years, appeared
1598-99-1600, in 3 vols. fol., bound in 2. In some of the
copies, the Voyage to Cadiz, forming pp. 607-619 of the
1st vol., is wanting, or supplied by a reprint. It was sup-
pressed by the order of Q. Elizabeth, after the disgrace of
the Earl of Essex. The scarcity of these vols. induced
Mr. Evans to publish a new ed., edited by Mr. G. Woodfall,
751
HAK
HAK
!
1809-12, 5 vols. r. 4to, £15 158.-250 copies printed; large
paper, imp. 4to, £31 108.-75 copies printed. This ed.
contains an accurate reprint of the best folio ed., with the
addition of those voyages which were pub. in the 1st ed.
and omitted in the 2d. The above reprinted matters are
included in vols. i., ii., and iii., and part of vol. iv., of the
new ed.
The latter part of vol. iv., and the whole of vol.
v., are taken up with voyages printed by Hakluyt, or at
his suggestion, subsequent to the publication of his Collec-
tion, and a tract from a MS. entitled The Omission of Cales
Voyage stated and discussed by the Earl of Essex, and a
MS. of Brocquière. This Supp. was also pub. in a sepa-
rate vol., 1812, 4to. The contents are as follows-reprints:
1. Galvano's Discoveries of the World, 1601.
2. Davis. The World's Hydrographical Description, 1595.
3. Brocquière, Voyage d'Outremer. From a MS.
4. Eden, Navigation and Voyages of Lewis Vertomanus.
5. A Voyage made by certain ships of Holland to the
East Indies, 1598.
6. The prosperous and speedy voyage to Java, performed
by 8 ships of Amsterdam, in 1598-99, (1600.)
7. Newes from the East Indies; or, a Voyage to Bengalla,
1638.
8. The Fardle of Facions, 1555.
9. The Conquest of the grand Canaries, 1599.
10. The History of the West Indies. A trans. of P. Mar-
tyr's Decades.
11. Virginia richly valued, by the description of the maine
land of Florida, 1609.
12. A Discovery of the Bermudas, set forth by Silvanus
Jourdan, 1610.
13. A true copy of a discourse on the late voyage to Spain,
1589.
14. The omissions of Cales Voyage stated by the Earl of
Essex. From a MS.
In the original edits. of Hakluyt's Collection-see No. 3
-which are contained in vols. i., ii., iii., and part of vol.
iv., of the reprint of 1809-12, will be found narratives of
nearly 220 voyages, with many relative documents, con-
sisting of patents, letters, instructions, &c. The first part
of the Collection consists of Voyages to the North and the
Northeast; the true state of Ireland; the defeat of the
Spanish Armada; the expedition under the Earl of Essex
to Cadiz, &c. The second part entertains us with voyages
to the South and Southeast; and in the third portion our
curiosity is gratified and our mind enriched by the account
of expeditions to North America, the West Indies, and
round the world. Of this invaluable storehouse of enter-
taining, amusing, and instructive matter, and of its col-
lector, we shall have more to say presently. 4. Two Re-
membrances of things to be undiscovered in Turkey,
touching our Cloathing and Dying, 1592. 5. A Trans.
from the Portugese of Antonio Gulvare's Hist. of the Dis-
coveries of the World, from the first Original to A.D. 1555,
1601, 4to. 6. A Trans. from the Portugese of Virginia,
richly valued, &c., 1609, 4to. Reprinted in Supp. to new
ed. of Hakluyt's Voyages, 1809-12, 5 vols. 4to. 7. Hist.
7. Hist.
of the Travailes, Discouery, and Conquest of Terra Florida,
by Don Ferdinando de Soto, 1611, 4to. S. Hakluyt's MSS.
Remains, which would have formed another vol., fell into
the hands of Samuel Purchas, and were dispersed by him
throughout his Pilgrimes, (Hakluyt Posthumus.) 5 vols.
fol., 1625-26. For further particulars respecting Hakluyt
and his publications, see Biog. Brit.; Oldys's Librarian
Athen. Oxon.; Locke's Explan. Cat. of Voyages prefixed
to Churchill's Collection of Voyages: Clarke's Progress
of Maritime Discovery; Dibdin's Lib. Comp.; Lowndes's
Lowndes's
Bibl. Man.
;
.
As few-very few-bibliographers can ever hope to exult
in the possession of a set of the Voyages of De Bry, it is
no small consolation to be able to secure, at a trifling ex-
pense, the five goodly quartos, 1809-12, which compose
the Hakluyt Collection.
·
"But what a bibliographical cord am I striking," says that
amiable enthusiast. Dr. Dibdin, “in the mention of the Travels of
De Bry! What a Peregrination' does the possession of a copy of
his labours imply! What toil. difficulty, perplexity, anxiety, and
vexation attend the collector-be he young or old-who sets his
heart upon a perfect De BRY! How many have started forward
in this pursuit with gay spirits and well-replenished purses, but
have turned from it in despair, and abandoned it in utter hope-
lessness of achievement!”—Library Companiom.
I
Museum, and, with the addition of those which were already
in the library, may claim to be one of the principal orna-
ments of that noble institution. But we are happy to add
that the most complete set of DE BRY in existence is in
the possession of an American gentleman, Mr. James
Lenox, of New York, collected by the anxious toil of many
of his agents in various parts of the world, and at an ex-
pense, it is asserted, of not less than £4000.
But to return to Hakluyt: it is amusing to observe the
diffidence with which old Anthony à Wood ventures a
timid vaticination respecting the future status of the wild
country to which so many adventurers recorded by Hak-
luyt's industry steered their barques :
..
Which work," says Anthony, referring to Hakluyt's Collec
tion, being by him performed with great care and industry,
cannot but be an honour to the realm of England, because pos
sibly many ports and islands in America, that are bare and bar.
ren, and only bear a name for the present, may prove rich places
in future time."-Athen. Ozım.
Could Anthony now open his eyes upon the twenty-five
millions of people in the United States, doubtless he would
claim no small credit for his discernment. The author
of the Explanatory Catalogue of Voyages prefixed to
Churchill's Collection of Voyages, said to be the cele-
brated John Locke, characterizes Hakluyt's Collection as
Valuable for the good there to be picked out:—but it might
be wished that the author had been less voluminous, delivering
what was really authentic and useful, and not stuffing his work
with so many stories taken upon trust, so many trading voyages
that have nothing new in them, so many warlike exploits not at
all pertinent to his undertaking, and such a multitude of articles,
charters. privileges. letters, relations, and other things little to the
purpose of travels and discoveries.”
adversion. Every item excepted against is a valuable
But we think that this criticism is open to severe anim-
portion of the great whole.
An eminent authority thus compares the respective
merits of Hakluyt and Purchas as compilers of voyages:
"We have in our own language as good and as bad collections
as ever were made: one instance of each may suffice. Mr. Hak-
luyt was an able. ingenious, diligent, accurate, and useful com-
piler; and his collections are as valuable as any thing in their
kind; on the other hand, Purchas his Pilgrims are very volumin-
ous, and for the most part a very trifling and insignificant collec-
confused; his judgment weak and pedantic; his remarks often
tion: his manner, for I cannot call it method, is irregular and
silly, and always little to the purpose. This shows how much
depends upon the care and skill of the collector; who on the one
hand is to provide what may entertain and please, and on the
other is to be careful that knowledge and instruction be conveyed
with pleasure and amusement."-Dr. John Harris's Collec. of
Voyages, Introduc. See PURCHAS, SAMUEL.
An abstract of Hakluyt's labours will be found in
Oldys's Brit. Lib., 136-158. The compiler declares that
"this elaborate and excellent collection"
“Redounds as much to the Glory of the English Nation, as any
Book that ever was published in it."
..
*
· Every reader conversant in the annals of our naval transac
tions will cheerfully acknowledge the merit of Richard Hakluyt,
who devoted his studies to the investigation of those periods of
English History which regard the improvement of navigation and
commerce. Thus animated and encouraged, [by Sir Francis
Walsingham and Sir Philip Sidney.] he was enabled to leave to
posterity the fruits of his unwearied labours-an invaluable trea-
sure of nautical information preserved in volumes which even at
this day affix to his name a brilliancy of reputation which a series
of ages can never efface or obscure."-Zouch's Life of Sir Philip
Sidney.
Works like these [IIakluyt and Purchas] are very curious
and credulity-of the nature of the human mind and of human
monuments of the nature of human enterprises, buman testimony
affairs. Much more is, indeed. offered to a refined and philosophic
observer, though buried amid this unwieldy and unsightly mass,
than was ever supposed by its original readers, or even its first
compilers."-Prof. Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist.
Richard Hakluyt, the enlightened friend and able document-
ary historian of these commercial enterprises, [Voyages to New
England.] a man whose fame should be vindicated and asserted in
the land which he helped to colonize."-Bancroft's History of the
United States, 15th ed., i. 113: 1854.
The collector must place on the same shelf with his
Hakluyt's Collection the publications of the Society
which bears the honoured name of the enthusiastic and
laborious compiler. The Hakluyt Society was established
in 1846, and its publications to 1854 are as follows:
Hakluyt Society's Publications:
1. Observations of Sir R. Hawkins in the South Sea,
1593, edited by C. R. D. Bethune; 1847.
2. Select Letters of Columbus, translated by R. H. Major;
1847.
!
3. Discovery of Guiana, &c. in 1595, by Sir W. Raleigh,
edited by Sir R. H. Schomburgh; 1848.
But what a tempting, yet what a hydra-headed, theme,
have we almost unconsciously approached! But we cannot
linger even over a dish so epicurean and highly flavoured.
Let the veritable bibliographer, who longs for a rich repast,
refer to the Bibliotheca Grenvilliana, 184–194. The grand
series of vols. there described now reposes in the British
4. Sir F. Drake's Voyage, 1595, edited by W. D. Cooley
1849.
5. Voyages towards the N. W. in search of a Passage to
Cathay from 1496 to 1631, edited by T. Rundall: 1849.
755
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•
6. Strachey's Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britan-
nia, edited from an original MS. by R. H. Major; 1849.
7. Hakluyt. Divers Voyages touching the Discovery Review. May, 1836; Jan. and Nov. 1837.
of America, edited by J. W. Jones; 1850.
8. Memorials of the Empire of Japan, edited by
Rundall.
T.
9. Discovery and Conquest of Florida by Don F. de
Soto. Edited by W. B. Rye; 1851.
10. Remarks in many Voyages to Hudson's Bay, edited
by John Barrow; 1852.
See an interesting article on the publications of the
Hakluyt Society in the N. Brit. Rev., xviii. 229-242.
Halbrooke, W., M.D. Profess. con. to Phil. Trans.,
1710.
Halcomb, J. 1. Causes of Rowe v. Grenfell, &c.,
Lon., 1826, Svo. 2. Passing Private Bills, 1838, Svo.
Halcombe, John, Jr. Peace; an Ode, 1814.
Haldane, Alexander. Memoirs of the Lives of
Robert Haldane of Aitbrey and of his brother James
Alexander Haldane, Lon., 1852, 8vo; 2d ed., enlarged,
2d ed., enlarged,
same year. Reviewed in Lon. Quar. Rev., April, 1856.
6
A book which will, in a future age, be considered as deserving
a chief place in the biography of the first half of the nineteenth
century."-British Banner.
11. Notes upon Russia, being a Translation of the
"Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii," by Baron Sigis-
mund von Herberstein, Ambassador to the Grand Prince
Vasiley Ivanovich, 1517-26; edited by R. H. Major,
2 vols.; 1851, '52.
12. Three Voyages by the North East by the Dutch in
1594-95 and '96. Written by Gerrit de Veer; edited by
C. T. Beke; 1853.
13. Mendoza's History of the Great and Mighty King-tions in natural science, which he is well known eminently to
That philosophical talent and tact, so essential for investiga-
dom of China, 1588; edited by Sir G. Staunton, 2 vols.; 1853.
14. The World Encompassed, by Sir Francis Drake,
1577-80; 1854.
possess. he has here brought to bear on the elements of the Latin
language with peculiar success."-Mercersburg Review, 1852.
6.
His procedure is eminently original, and is precisely the one
to lead to results that may be relied on."-Meth. Quar. Rev., Oct.
1851.
Haldane, Lt.-Col. Henry. 1. Official Letters to
the Earl of Chatham, Lon., 1804, 8vo. 2. Articles of War,
1810, 8vo.
3. Con, on nat. philos. to Nic. Jour., 1797, '98,
1800.
"This is a very excellent book on the necessity, the evidences,
and the subject of revelation. It is distinguished from most
works of the kind by the excellent views of Christianity which
it contains, and the decided manner in which it addresses men
concerning the salvation of the gospel and the infinite importance
of attending to their eternal interests.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
2. The Verbal Inspiration of the Scriptures maintained
and established; the Books of the O. and N. T. proved to
be Canonical, &c., Edin., 1830, 12mo; 6th ed., 1853,12mo.
"Mr. Haldane's views of the subject deserve serious considera-
tion."-Bickersteth's C. S.
Distinguished for comprehensive and vigorous thinking."-
Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
"A standard work on the momentous subject of which it treats."
-Edin. Christian Instructor.
*
"Calvin and Haldane stand alone--the possessors as expositors
of this Epistle of nearly equal honours." See Edin. Presbyterian
3. Expos. of the Epistle to the Romans, with Remarks
on the Commentaries of Macknight, Tholuck, and Stuart,
Lon., 1835, 2 vols. 12mo; 1842, 3 vols. 12mo; 1852, 3 vols.
12mo.
"Calvinistic and evangelical; answering those who take opposite
views in these points."-Bickersteth's C. S.
“As Mr. Haldane had commented rather severely on Dr. Tholuck,
the translator of the professor's Exposition, [Rev. Robt. Menzies,]
in 1838, published an Answer to Mr. Robert Haldane's Strictures,
in Svo. Tholuck rejects the horribile decretum of Calvin, which
Mr. Haldane fully receives. Mr. Menzies has temperately replied
to his strictures.”—Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Haldeman, Professor S. S., b. in Lancaster county,
Penna., 1812, a distinguished writer on natural science,
philology, &c. 1. Freshwater Univalve Mollusca of the
United States, Phila., 1840-44, Svo.
C.
Haldane, James Alexander, 1768-1851, a native
of Dundee, brother of Robert Haldane, entered as mid-
shipman on board an East Indiaman, 1785; appointed
Captain of the Melville Castle, 1793; quitted the naval
service in 1794; became an Independent itinerant minis-
ter, 1797; acted as pastor at the Tabernacle, Leith Walk,
Edinburgh, and laboured with great zeal and success until
his death. 1. Social Worship, &c. of the First Christians,
Edin., 1805, 12mo. 2. Forbearance. 3. Baptism. 4. As-
3. Baptism. 4. As-
sociation of Believers. 5. Revelation, 2 vols. 8vo. 6. Self-
Hale, Charles, b. 1831, in Boston, Mass., a son of
Examination, 18mo. 7. Man's Responsibility, 1842, 12mo. Nathan Hale, LL.D., grad. at Harvard Coll., Cambridge,
8. Inspiration of the Scriptures, 1845, 12mo. 9. The 1850, author of several pamphlets; contributor to the N.
Atonement, 2d ed., 1847, fp. Svo. 10. Expos. of the Epist. Amer. Rev., and the Amer. Almanac; in 1852 established
to the Galatians, 1848, fp. Svo. For an interesting account and edited To-Day, a Boston Literary Journal, which was
of the life and labours of Mr. Haldane, see the Memoirs, pub. for one year. Mr. H. is now junior editor of the
&c. by Alexander Haldane, ante.
Boston Daily Advertiser, the oldest daily in Boston, having
Haldane, Robert, 1764-1842, a brother of the pre-been pub. and edited by Mr. H.'s father (the senior editor)
ceding, entered the Royal Navy, 1780, but retired in from March 1, 1814, to the present time, 1858.
1783, and became an Independent itinerant minister. He
laboured with great zeal for the propagation of the Gospel,
both at home and on the Continent. He expended £30,000
in the erection of houses of worship, and educated 300
young men under Dr. Bogue and Mr. Ewing, as preachers
to officiate in them and in other stations. For an account
of his abundant labours, see the Memoirs, &c. of Alex-viii.
ander Haldane, ante. As a writer he gained considerable
reputation by the following works:-1. The Evidence and
Authority of Divine Revelation, Edin., 1816, 2 vols. Svo;
3d ed., 1839, 2 vols. fp. 8vo. In French, Montauban,
1817, 2 vols. 12mo.
Hale, David, 1791-1849, a native of Lisbon, Conn.,
editor of the New York Journal of Commerce from its
commencement in 1827 until his death, was a vigorous
writer, and a man of great excellence of character. See
notices of his life and writings in the Christian Examiner,
xlviii. 282, by A. P. Peabody; Liv. Age, xx. 373; N. Eng.,
129.
Hale, Edward Everett, a son of Nathan Hale, LL.D.,
b, 1822, in Boston, Mass., grad. at Harvard Coll., Camb.,
1839; pastor of the Church of the Unity at Worcester, Mass.,
till 1856, and of the South Congregational Church, Boston,
since that time. 1. The Rosary, Bost., 1848, 12mo, pp. 290.
2. Margaret Percival in America, 1850, 12mo, pp. 284. 3.
Sketches of Christian History, 1850, 12mo, pp. 230. 4.
Kansas and Nebraska, 1855, 12mo, pp. 256, and a map.
Editor of the Boston ed. of Lingard's Hist. of England, of the
Christian Examiner, author of many pamphlets on theolog.
and polit. subjects, and contributor to many of the leading
Reviews.
Very well done in a scientific point of view, and perfectly exe
cuted in regard to the plates and typography.”—Revue Zool., Paris,
1842.
2. Zoological Contributions, Phila., 1842-43. 3. Ele-
ments of Latin Pronunciation, Phila., 1851, 12mo.
4. Taylor's Statistics of Coal. 2d ed., 1855, Svo. 5. Zoo-
logical portion of Trego's Geography of Penna., 1843.
6. Zoological portion of Rupp's Hist. of Lancaster co.,
Penn., 1844. 7. Monographe du genre Leptoxis; in
Chenu's Illustrations Conchyologiques, Paris, 1847. 8.
Cryptocephalinarum Boreali America Diagnoses cum spe-
ciebus novis; Trans. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1849. 9. On
some points of Linguistic Ethnology, with Illust. chiefly
from the aboriginal languages of America; Amer. Acad.,
Bost., 1849.
Bost., 1849. 10. Zoology of the Invertebrate Animals, in
the Iconographic Eneyc., N. York, 1850. 11. Cons. to N.
York Lit. World, 1852-53. 12. Cons., about 80 papers, of
which a list is given in Agassiz's Bibliographia Zoologiæ,
chiefly in natural sciences, in the publications of the Amer.
Sci. Assoc.; Amer. Acad., Bost.; Amer. Phil. Soc.; Acad.
Nat. Sci., Phila.; U. S. Agr. Soc.; Silliman's Jour.; Quar.
Jour. of Agr., Albany; and Penna. Farm Jour., of which
he edited vol. i.
Hale. Sin against the Holy Ghost, 1677, 8vo.
Hale, Mrs. Poetical Attempts, Lon., 1800, Svo.
Hale, Benjamin, D.D., b. 1797, at Newburyport,
Mass., grad. at Bowdoin Coll., 1818. 1. Introduc. to the
2. Scrip. Illust. of the Liturgy of the Prot. Epis. Church,
Mechanical Principles of Carpentry, Bost., 1827, Svo.
1835, 12mo.
Hale, Enoch, M.D., b. 1790, took the degree of
M.D. at Harvard University, 1813, and entered imme-
diately upon the practice of medicine at Gardiner, Maine,
which he continued at that place with distinguished success
until the year 1816, and from that time to his death in
Boston, Nov. 12, 1814. He was an active member of the
Massachusetts Medical Society and of the American Aca
demy of Arts and Sciences, and during the active practice
of his profession he contributed to the cause of medical
science by several independent publications of high author-
756
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ity, and by frequent essays and papers in the medical | Historia Placitorum Coronæ; the Hist. of the Pleas of the
journals.
Crown: first pub., from the author's MS., by S. Emlyn,
1736-39, 2 vols. fol.; 2d ed., by G. Wilson, 1778, 2 vols.
8vo; 3d ed., by Thos. Dogherty, 1800, 2 vols. 8vo; 1st
Amer. ed., by W. A. Stokes and E. Ingersoll, Phila., 1847,
2 vols. 8vo.
6.
The following Treatise, being the genuine offspring of that
truly learned and worthy Judge. Sir Matthew Hale. stands in
need of no other recommendation than what that great and good
name will always carry along with it. Whoever is in the least
acquainted with the extensive learning, the solid judgment. the
indefatigable labours, and, above all, the unshaken integrity, of
the author, cannot but highly esteem whatever comes from so
valuable a hand.”—From Emlyn's Preface.
To the Pleas of the Crown should be added—And. Anos's
Hale, Horatio, a son of Mrs. Sarah J. Hale, gradu-
ated at Harvard College in 1837, where he was so highly
distinguished for his aptitude in the acquisition of lan-
guages, that whilst still an undergraduate he was selected
to fill the post of philologist to the United States Exploring
Expedition commanded by Captain Wilkes. The result
of his learned investigations will be found in vol. vii.-
Ethnography and Philology-of the series of works which
compose the history of that noble enterprise. Mr. Hale's
intelligent labours have elicited warm commendation from
highly respectable authorities, both at home and abroad.
The distinguished English philologist, Dr. Latham, in his
recent work on the Natural History and Varieties of Man,
remarks that Mr. Hale's work contains "the greatest mass
of philological data ever accumulated by a single inquirer."
The following lines give perhaps as good an account of this
great work as could be conveyed in a brief description :
The first 225 pages are devoted to Ethnography, or an account
of the customs, religion, civil polity, and origin of the nations of
the several countries and islands visited by the Expedition. The
remaining 440 pages comprise the Philology of the same regions.
The various dialects of Polynesia are treated of under the general
head of a comparative grammar of Polynesia. followed by a Poly-
nesian lexicon. The languages of the Fejee Islands, the Kings
mills, Rotuma, Australia, and northwest coast of America, and
some dialects of Patagonia and Southern Africa, come next uuder
consideration. We feel assured that a glance at the work will ex-
cite surprise in all at the amount of information collected, and
pleasure at the system and perspicuity with which the whole is
presented."-Amer. Jour. of Science.
·
An interesting account of Mr. Hale and his work will be
found in the North American Review for July, 1846, to
which we must refer our reader. It is no slight praise to
award an author that he has
"Succeeded in giving a certain classical completeness to his
work, which makes it a model for future labourers in the same or
in similar fields of research. The style of this volume is marked
by rare excellences, and those of the highest order. It is terse,
compact, and business-like, to a remarkable degree.... It is a
transparent medium of expression for a richly-informed, clear-
thinking, straight forward mind; it presents the meaning of the
writer strongly and directly to the mind of the reader, instructing
while it gratities."-N. Amer. Rev.: ubi supra.
After the completion of this work Mr. Hale visited Eu-
rope and other portions of the Eastern Continent, and on
his return was admitted to the bar. He is now engaged
in the duties of his profession, but occasionally steals an
hour from his briefs to contribute a prize essay on his
favourite theme to some periodical in this country or in
Great Britain.
Hale, John. Surgical Case, Lon., 1787, Svo.
Hale, Sir Matthew, 1609-1676, one of the most
eminent of lawyers and excellent of men, was a native of
Alderley, Gloucestershire, entered Magdalen Hall, Oxford,
1626, and admitted of Lincoln's Inn, 1629. He refused to
take
any part in the political troubles of his time, though
strongly opposed to the murder of Charles I. In 1652 he
was one of those appointed to effect a reformation of the
law, and in the next year was by writ made sergeant-at-law,
and one of the judges of the Common Bench. Upon the
Restoration, Charles II., in 1660, made him Chief-Baron
of the Exchequer, and in 1671 he was promoted to the
high dignity of Lord Chief-Justice of England. For the
particulars respecting his life, and legal, theological, and
scientific publications, we refer to authorities cited below,
and also to a recent publication-Memoirs of the Life,
Character, and Writings of Sir M. Hale, by J. B. Williams,
Lon., 1835, 12mo.
"A volume which clearly and agreeably presents the legal rise
and progress of a great lawyer and worthy man. The book should
of necessity occupy a place in the library-shelf devoted to British
worthies."Lon. and Westminister Rev.
A collective ed. of his Moral and Religious Works, now
first Collected and Revised, edited by the Rev. T. Thirl-
wall, with the Life by Bishop Burnet, and an Appendix,
etc., Lon., 1805, 2 vols. 8vo. A new ed. has been pub.
Among his best-known miscellaneous works are his Con-
templations, The Primitive Origination of Mankind, The
Knowledge of Christ Crucified, (new ed., by the Rev.
David Young, Glasg., 1828, 12mo,) and his Letters to his
Children. Several of his minor works have been sepa-
rately republished within the last few years. Of his law
treatises one only of which, London Liberty, was pub. in
his lifetime-the following are the principal. 1. Jurisdic-
tion of Parliaments, Lon., 1707, 8vo. 2. The Jurisdiction
of the Lords' House of Parliament, by F. Hargrave, 1796,
4to. 3. Plens of the Crown, 7th ed., 1773, Svo. An in-
ecrrect summary, and not intended by the author for the
press, but as a sketch or plan of the following work. 4.
1
Ruins of Time exemplified in Sir M. Hale's Hist. of the
Pleas of the Crown, 1856, 8vo.
5. The Hist. of the Common Law of England, and an
Analysis of the Civil Part of the Law; 6th ed., with a
Life of the Author, by Chas. Runnington, 1820, 8vo.
Serjeant Runnington's notes are of great value.
"So authoritative an History of the Common Law of England,
written by so learned an author, requires neither preface nor com-
mendation. It has ever been justly held in the highest estima-
tion, and, like the virtues of its author, been universally admired
and venerated. Here the student will find a valuable guide, the
barrister a learned assistant, the court an indisputable authority,”
-SERJEANT RUNNINGTON.
6. Sheriffs' Accounts, The Trial of Witches, and Provi-
sion for the Poor. These three tracts were separately
pub. See Biog. Brit.; Granger's Biog. Hist.; Life by
Burnet; Life by Runnington; Watt's Bibl. Brit; Life and
Letters of Judge Story; Lowndes's Leg. Bibl., and the
authorities there cited.
There are few more illustrious names on the roll of
British history than that of Sir Matthew Hale:
"Sir Samuel Sheperd mentioned him as the most learned man
that ever adorned the bench: the most even man that ever blessed
domestic life; the most eminent man that ever adorned the pro-
gress of science; and also one of the best and most purely reli-
gious men that ever lived. . . . Lord Northington pronounced
him one of the ablest and most learned judges that ever adorned
the profession. Mr. Justice Grose declared he was one of the most
able lawyers that ever sat in Westminster: as correct, as learned,
and as humane a judge as ever graced the bench of justice. Lord
Kenyon said that the operations of his vast mind always called
for the greatest attention to any work that bears his name;
and mentioned him as one of the greatest and best men that ever
sat in judgment."
"With respect to Lord Hale, it is needless to remind those whom
legal knowledge, of that person, of whom it was said. that what was
I am now addressing, of the general character for learning aud
not known by him was not known by any other person who pre-
ceded or followed him; and that what he knew, he knew better
than any other person who preceded or followed him.”—CHIEF-
JUSTICE DALLAS.
..
"A luminous order in the distribution of subjects, an uncom-
monness of materials for curious records and manuscripts, a pro-
foundness of remark, a command of perspicuous and forcible
language, with a guarded reserve in offering opinions on great
controverted points of law and the constitution, characterized the
writings of Judge Hale.”—Hargrave's Tracts, Pref.
in evidence, we may now be permitted to adduce the testi-
Having offered the opinions of so many legal luminaries
mony of two distinguished divines:
i.
His writings have raised him a character equal to his greatest
predecessors, and will always be esteemed as containing the best
rationale of the grounds of the law of England. Nor was he an
inconsiderable master of polite. philosophical, and especially theo-
logical, learning."-DR. BIRCH: Life of Archbishop Tillotson.
•
He was most precisely just: insomuch that I believe he would
have lost all he had in the world rather than do an unjust act:
patient in hearing the most tedious speech which any man had to
make for himself; the pillar of justice, the refuge of the subject
who feared oppression, and one of the greatest honours of his
majesty's government; for, with some other upright judges, be
upheld the honour of the English nation, that it fell not into the
reproach of arbitrariness, cruelty, and utter confusion. Every
man that had a just cause was almost past fear if he could but
bring it to the court or assize where he was judge; for the other
judges seldom contradicted him. . . . I, who heard and read his
serious expressions of the concernments of eternity, and saw his
love to all good men, and the blamelessness of his life, thought
better of his piety than my own.”—RICHard Baxter,
This is indeed a noble tribute from a noble source.
The glowing eulogium of Cowper must not be entirely
unnoticed:
"In whom
Our British Themis gloried with just cause,
Immortal Hale! for deep discernment praised,
And sound integrity, not more than famed
For sanctity of manners undefiled."
The Task, book iii.
And here we might enlarge, did our space permit, upon
the distinguishing traits of the piety of this truly excel-
lent man:-his reverence for the Word of God; his strict
observance of the day more especially set apart for the
public worship of the Supreme Being; his conscientious-
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Well while we Live. 8. Grosvenor; a Tragedy, 1838.
9. Alice Ray; a Romance in Rhyme, 1846. 10. Harry
Guy, the Widow's Son; in verse, Bost., 1848. 11. Threo
Hours; or, The Vigil of Love. and other Poems, Phila.,
1848. 12. The Poet's Offering; edited by Mrs. Hale,
Phila. 13. Miss Acton's Cookery; edited by Mrs. Halo.
14. Ladies' New Book of Cookery and Complete House-
keeper. New ed., N. York, 1852, 12mo. 15. A Complete
Dictionary of Poetical Quotations, Phila., 1852, 8vo.
16. The Judge; a Drama of American Life. 17. New
Household Receipt-Book, 1853, 12mo. 18. Woman's Re-
cord; or, Sketches of Distinguished Women from "tho
Beginning till A.D. 1850," N. York, 1853, Svo. New ed.,
This work, by far the most important of Mrs.
Hale's productions, though in some points open to criti-
cism, may yet be justly commended as an invaluable
manual for the library-shelf and the parlour-table. 19. Li-
beria, or Mr. Peyton's Experiments; edited by Mrs. Hale,
1853, 12mo. 20. The Bible Reading-Book, Phila., 1854,
21. The Letters of Mme. de Sevigné to her
The merits
Daughter and Friends, N. York, 1856, 12mo.
of this charming writer have elicited the enthusiastic
commendations of the highest authorities:
1856.
12mo.
Madame de Sevigné shines both in grief and gayety; every
paragraph has novelty; her allusions, her applications, are the
happiest possible. She has the art of making you acquainted with
all her acquaintance, and attaches you even to the spots she in-
habited. ... Madame de Sevigné's language is correct, though
unstudied; and when her mind is full of any great event, she
interests you with the warmth of a dramatic writer, not with the
chilling impartiality of an historian."-IIORACE WALPOLE,
1
"She has so filled my heart with affectionate interest in her as
a living friend, that I can scarcely bring myself to think of her as
being a writer, or having a style; she has become a celebrated
probably an immortal, writer, without expecting it.”—SIR J. MACK-
INTOSH.
ness in carrying out in every-day affairs the spirit of those
Resolves, which he adopted as the Law of his Life;-but
the secret spring of his piety is best told by himself in a
few words of solid wisdom and certain truth, which we
cannot too earnestly commend to the heart and conscience
of the thoughtful reader:
sí
•
Any man that sincerely and truly fears Almighty God, and
calls and relies upon him for his direction, has it as really as a son
has the counsel and direction of his father; and though the voice
be not audible nor discernible by sense, yet it is equally as real as
if a man heard a voice saying. This is the way, walk ye in it.""
Hale, Nathan, LL.D., b. 1784, at Westhampton,
Mass., grad. at Williams College, 1804; admitted to the
Massachusetts Bar, 1810; editor of the Boston Weekly
Messenger, 1811-14; editor and publisher of the Boston
Daily Advertiser, (the first daily established in Boston,)
1814 to the present time, 1858; editor and publisher of
the Monthly Chronicle, 1840-42. Mr. H.'s name is well
known in connexion with his Map of New England, a
standard geographical authority, first pub. in 1825, and
reprinted from time to time with the necessary revisions.
In 1816 Mr. Hale was married to Sarah Preston Everett,
a daughter of Judge Oliver Everett, of Dorchester, Mass.,
and sister of Edward Everett, the distinguished American
orator, scholar, and statesman. Mr. Hale was a contri-
butor to many of the early numbers of the North Ame-
rican Review, and has for the last forty-two years contri-
buted many valuable articles to the Boston Daily Advertiser
on questions of politics, political economy, and internal
improvements, &c. Nathan Hale was among the first to
make known in this country the importance of the great
railroad-improvement, and earnestly urged its immediate
introduction into Massachusetts by effective legislative aid.
He was the acting President of the Massachusetts Board
of Internal Improvement, under whose superintendence the
first surveys were made for a system of railroads for the
State; and be was the first President of the Boston and
Worcester Railroad, one of the pioneer works of that kind,
in which office he took an active part in the original con-
struction and extended improvements of that work and its
branches, and in digesting its system of
member (repeatedly elected) of both branches of the Legis-corded to this lady, in a review of her poetry, by a critic
lature of Massachusetts, Mr. Hale has rendered important
service to his constituents. He was also chairman of the
Board of Commissioners by whose labours the people of
Boston are supplied with pure water; and few men have
contributed more largely to the physical wealth of Massa-
chusetts, and to the improvement of the city which claims
him as one of the most valuable of her adopted sons.
22. The Letters of Lady Mary W. Montagu, 1856, 12mo,
has edited several Annuals,-The Opal, The Crocus, &c.,-
In addition to the labours here enumerated, Mrs. Hale
prepared a number of books for the young, and contributed
enough matter, in the way of tales, essays, and poems, to
fill several large volumes. It is certainly high praise ac-
own sex:
Hale, Nathan, Jr., son of the above, b. in Boston,
1818, grad. at Harvard University, 1838; admitted to
practice in the courts of Mass., 1841; editor of Boston
Miscellany of Literature, 1842; co-editor of Boston Daily
Advertiser, 1842-53.
Serm., Lon.,
Hale, Philip, of Hatcham, Surrey.
1847, 8vo.
"A religious spirit breathes through the whole. It is plain that
Mrs. Hale's constant aim is to show the true source of strength
and cheerfulness amid the trials of life, and to inspire the hope
that looks beyond it."-MRS. E. F. ELLET: N. Amer. Rev., lxviii. 422.
For critical reviews of her productions we refer the
reader to Griswold's Female Poets of America; Amer,
Month. Rev., iv. 239; Phila. Lady's Book, 1850; an article
by Mrs. E. F. Ellet, entitled Female Poets of America, in
N. Amer. Rev., lxviii. 413-436. We append a short extract
from the first of the above-named authorities:
J
“Mrs. Hale has a ready command of pure and idiomatic Eng.
lish, and her style has frequently a masculine strength and energy.
She has not much creative power, but she excels in the aggrega
tion and artistical disposition of common and appropriate imagery.
She has evidently been all her life a student; and there has been
a perceptible and constant improvement in her writings over since
her first appearance as an author. They are all indicative of
sound principles, and of kindness, knowledge, and judgment.”—
Griswold's Female Poets of America.
Hale, Richard, M.D. Profess. con. to Phil. Trans.,
1701, '20.
Hale, Salma, Member of Congress for New Hamp-
shire. 1. Hist. of the United States, Lon., 1826, Svo. See
Lon. Month. Rev., cix. 123. 2. Annals of the Town of
Keene, N. H., 1736-90, Concord, 1826, 8vo.
New ed.,
with a continuation to 1815, Keene, 1851, Svo. 3. Hist.
of the U. States for Schools, N. York, 1840, 2 vols. 24mo.
Hale, Wm.
tentiaries, &c., Lon., 1804, '09, 12mo.
Treatises on the Poor, Female Peni-
As far as we have observed, Mr. Hale has executed his task
with fidelity and skill. The materials appear to be drawn from
authentic sources, and the simple and lucid style places the book
within the comprehension of all classes of readers. But the
principle of arrangement is a faulty one: for the history of each
colony stands by itself. being carried on without interruption from
its origin to the war of 1756."-N. Amer. Rev, liii. 249.
Hale, Wm., Archdeacon of London. 1. Clerical
Funds, Lon., 1826, Svo. 2. Church Rates, 1841, r. Svo.
3. Precedents in Eccles. Cts., 1847, r. Svo. 4. Sick Man's
Guide, 2d ed., 1846, Svo. 5. In conjunction with Bp.
Hale, Mrs. Sarah Josepha, formerly Miss Buell, Lonsdale, The Four Gospels, with Annotations, 1849, 4to.
Hales, Charles. Two treat. on the V. Disease.
1763, '70.
of Newport, New Hampshire, is the widow of David Halo,
a distinguished lawyer, who died at an early age in 1822.
In 1825 Mrs. Hale became the editor of The Ladies' Maga-
zine, pub. at Boston, and discharged the duties of this
responsible position until 1837, when this periodical was
united with the Lady's Book of Philadelphia. With this
well-known and truly popular magazine Mrs. Hale bas
ever since been connected, and since 1838 she has been a
resident of Phila. The following list of this lady's pro-
ductions evinces an extraordinary amount of literary
industry: 1. The Genius of Oblivion, and other Original
Poems, Concord, 1823. 2. Northwood; a Novel, Bost.,
1827, 2 vols. Repub. in London; also in N. York, in 1852,
12mo. 3. Sketches of American Character, Phila., 18mo.
4. Traits of American Life, 1835, 2 vols. 12mo. 5. Flora's
Interpreter, Bost. Reprinted in London. 6. The Ladies'
Wreath, Bost., 12mo. 7. The Way to Live Well and to be
D
•
Hale, Thomas. Shipbuilding, etc., Lon., 1691, 18mo.
Hale, Thomas. 1. A Compleat Body of Husbandry,
Lon., 1756, fol. 2. Eden; or, Compleat Body of Garden-
ing. 1757, fol.
1572.
2. Finances of this Country, 1797, 8vo.
Hales, Charles. 1. The Bank Mirror, 1796, Svo.
Hales, James. 24 Serms., 1766, 2 vols. 8vo.
Hales, or Hayles, John, an eminent scholar, d.
1. Trans. of Plutarche on Healthe, Lon., 1543,
16mo. 2. Introduc. ad Grammat. 3. High Way to No-
4. Succession of the Crown of Eng., 1563, 4to.
bility, 4to.
In favour of the House of Suffolk. It was answered by
Bp. Lesley in A Treat. of the Honour of Marie, now
Queene of Scotland, Leige, 1571, 8vo.
6.
Yet so it was that he [Hales] having a happy memory, accom-
panied with incredible industry, became admirably well skill'd in
the Lat., Greek, and Hebrew tongues. and at length in the muni-
cipal laws and antiquities.”—Athen. Oxon.
Hales, John, The Ever-Memorable, 1584-1656,
a famous scholar and divine, a native of Bath, was entered
758
HAL
HAL
of Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf., 1597; elected Fellow of Mer-pher of great eminence, a native of BeckesbourL, Kent,
ton College, 1606; Fellow of Eton College, 1613; attended was educated at Bene't Coll., Oxf., took holy orders, and
the Synod of Dort in 1618, and there became a convert to was advanced successively to the perpetual curacy of Ted-
Arminianism through the argument of Episcopius; Canon dington, and to the livings of Portlock and Farringdon.
of Windsor, 1639; ejected in the Rebellion. His writings He was especially distinguished for his experiments on the
principally consist of sermons, theological tracts, para- physiology of plants. His principal works were-1. Vege
phrases of portions of Scripture, and letters. He was so
table Staticks, Lon., 1727, 31, Svo. 2. Statical Essays:
modest that during his lifetime he permitted nothing of this consists of No. 1 (vol. i. of the Essays) and a vol. en-
his to be published save an oration delivered at the funeral titled Hæmastatics, pub. in 1733, &c., 1769, 2 vols. 8vo.
of Sir Thomas Bodley, a treatise upon schism, and one or
Hales also pub. several serms., philosophical experiments,
two sermons. Three years after his death a collective ed. papers on Phil. Trans., &c. He is to be remembered with
of many of his pieces was pub., under the title of Golden great respect as an early advocate of the great cause of
Remaines, Lon., 1659, 8vo; 1673, 4to; 1688, 8vo. The 1st TEMPERANCE. His Friendly Adinonition to the Drinkers
ed. contains nine sermons, letters and miscellanies. The 2d of Gin, first pub. in 1734, 8vo, has been frequently reprinted,
ed. was enlarged by the addition of four more sermons. and doubtless accomplished much good. See Masters's
In 1765 Lord Hailes pub. Hales's Whole Works, now first Hist. of C. C. C. C.; Annual Register, 1764; Rees's Cyc.:
collected together, 3 vols. sm. 8vo. With a want of taste
With a want of taste Gent. Mag., vol. lxix.; Butler's Life of Hildesley, p. 362;
which we are at a loss to understand in 80 eminent an Lysons's Environs.
antiquary, Lord Hailes committed the gross error of
modernizing his author's language. For this he is pro-
perly censured by Dr. Johnson:
+
"An author's language, Sir, is a characteristic part of his compo-
sition, and is also characteristic of the age in which he writes.
Besides, Sir, when the language is changed. we are not sure that
the sense is the same. No. Sir; I am sorry Lord Hailes has doue
this."-Boswell's Life of Johnson.
We have already expressed our views upon this subject
in our article on Chaucer: see p. 364. Respecting the
works of Hales, an authority of eminence remarks:
Not only is it the most elaborate system of chronology in our
¦
"Their merits are unequal. The best seem to be his discourse
on Schism, that on the abuse of hard places of Scripture, and his
letters to Sir Dudley Carleton. from the Synod of Dort, in which
he gives a good account of that far-famed convention. He was
evidently a man superior to many of the prejudices of bis age: but
if the reader's expectations are raised very greatly by his high-language, but there is scarcely a difficult text in the sacred writings
sounding title and the testimonies referred to, he will probably which is not illustrated.... His New Analysis ought to have a
be disappointed even by his Golden Remains."-Orme's Bibl. Bib. place in the library of every biblical student who can procure it.".
But surely it does not follow that all of a man's wisdom
-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
finds its way into his books. As regards the comprehen-
siveness and accuracy of his learning, we have the most
abundant testimony. Lord Clarendon, Lord Say and
Seal, Bishop Pearson, Dr. Heylin, Andrew Marvel, An-
thony à Wood, Bishop Stillingfleet, and Bishop Hoadley,
"the testimonies" referred to by Orme,-were not men
to err in a matter of this kind.
1
"A man of as great a sharpness, quickness, and subtility of wit,
as ever this or perhaps any nation bred. His industry did strive,
if it were possible, to equal the largeness of his capacity, whereby
he became as great a master of polite. various, and universal learn-
ing, as ever yet conversed with books. . . . While he lived, none
was ever more solicited and urged to write, and thereby truly
teach the world, than he: but none was ever so resolved. pardon
the expression, so obstinate, against it."-Bishop Pearson.
"Thro' the whole course of his bachelorship there was never any
one in the then memory of man (so I have been informed by cer-
tain seniors of that coll. at my first coming thereunto) that ever
went beyond him for subtle disputations in philosophy, for his
eloquent declamatious and orations, as also his exact knowledge
in the Greek tongue. evidently demonstrated afterwards. not only
when he read the Greek lecture in that coll., but also the public
lecture of that tongue in the schools. . . . He was a man highly
esteemed by learned men beyond and within the seas, from whom
he seldom fail'd to receive letters every week, wherein his judg-
ment was desir'd as to several points of learning.”—Athen. Oxon.
“He had read more and carried more about him, in his excellent |
memory, than any man I ever knew; he was one of the least men
in the kingdom, and one of the greatest scholars in Europe."-LORD
CLARENDON.
His lordship tells us that "nothing troubled him more
than the brawls which were grown from religion;" and Mr.
Bickersteth supposes that he would perhaps have given
up too much for peace, having seen the evil of division."
In this surmise there is but little doubt that Mr. Bicker-
.steth is correct, for a late eminent authority, referring to
Hale's tract on Schism, remarks:
“The aim of Hales, as well as of Grotius. Calixtus, and Chilling-
worth, was to bring about a more comprehensive communion: but
he went still farther; his language is rough and audacious; his
theology in some of his other writings has a scent of Racow, and
though these crept slowly to light, there was enough in the earliest
to make us wonder at the high name. the epithet Ever-memorable,
which he obtained in the English church."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of
Europe.
Hales, Wm., D.D., Rector of Killesandra, Ireland,
pub. a number of learned works on mathematics, Dat. phi-
los., and theology, 1778-1819, among which are-1. Pro-
phecies resp. our Lord, 2d ed., Lon., 1808, 8vo. Highly
commended. 2. A New Analysis of Chronology, 1809–14,
3 vols in 1, 4to, £8 88.; 2d and best ed., 1830, 4 vols. 8vo,
£3 38.
..
This is perhaps the most valuable chronological work that has
learning of Usher, Dr. Hales proceeds on better data than either
ever been published. Possessed of the caution of Newton, and the
of these distinguished chronologists; and pours a flood of light
on some of the darkest and most difficult points in sacred and
profane history.... Dr. Adam Clarke, who makes a very liberal
use of the work in his Commentary, bestows on it the highest
commendation.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Notwithstanding the grave nature of his studies, the
EVER-MEMORABLE Sometimes' wooed the Muses; and a
critic of the day has given him a place (if he indeed refers
to our Hales) in his curious and amusing portrait-gallery:
"Hales, set by himself, most gravely did smile
To see them about nothing keep such a coil:
Apollo had spied him, but, knowing his mind.
Past by, and called Falkland that sat just behind."
Sir John Suckling's Session of the Poets.
See Gen. Diet.; Biog. Brit.; Lett. by Eminent Persons;
Account of the Life and Writings of John Hales, 1719, Svo.
Hales, Stephen, D.D., 1677-1761, a natural philoso-
adopted has been much questioned, and assumptions without
Vast learning and research; though the system of Chronology
proof are made."-Bickerstelle's Chris. Stu.
3. The Holy Trinity, &c., 2d ed., 181S, 2 vols. 8vo.
4. Primitive Brit. Church, 1819, Svo. See Watt's Bibl
Brit.
Haley, John, Jr. Chronometers; Nic. Jour., 1804.
Haley, Wm. Serm., 1686, 4to.
Halford, Sir Henry, M.D., 1766-1844, whose family
name was Vaughan, was physician to four successive sove-
reigns, viz.: Geo. III., Geo. IV., Wm. IV., and Victoria.
He was Pres. of the Royal Coll. of Physicians from 1820
until his death. In 1831 he pub. a collective ed. of his (1)
Essays and Orations, Svo; 3d ed., 1842.
"A delightful compound of professional knowledge and literary
taste. Handled with skill and feeling such as his, subjects of
medical research have not only nothing dry or repulsive about
them, but are of deep and universal interest and attraction."--
Lon. Quar. Kev.
..
Though treating of subjects principally medical yet, they will
Lom. Month. Rev.
be found for the most part acceptable to the general reader."-
2. Nuga Metricæ: Latin Poems and Translations, 1842,
12mo. Some of Sir Henry's Latin compositions were con-
tributed to the Gentleman's
tributed to the Gentleman's Magazine. See Pettigrew's
Medical Portrait Gallery; Lon. Gent. Mag. for May, 1844.
Halfpenny, Joseph. 1. Gothic Ornaments in the
Cathedral of York, 1795, imp. 4to. 2. Fragmenta Vetusta,
1807, imp. 4to.
-
Halfpenny, Wm. 1. Marrow of Architecture, 1722,
29, 4to. 2. Sound Building. Lon., 1725, fol.
Halhed, Nathaniel Brassey, M. P., 1751-1830,
equally conspicuous as a profound Orientalist, and as the
dupe of Richard Brothers, the pretended prophet, pub.
1. Narrative of Events in Bombay and Bengal, 1779, 8vo.
2. Imitations of Martial, 1793-94. 3. Several tracts in
vindication of the claims of his teacher, R. Brothers, 1795;
and the following works, which are of real value: 4. Gram-
mar of the Bengal Language, 1778. 5. A Code of Gentoo
Laws, trans. from the Persian, 1776.
“A curious and entertaining volume.”—Lon. Annual Register.
"With the single exception of the Scriptures, this code of Gentoo
Laws is the most valuable present which Europe ever received from
Asia."-Butler's Hor. Bib.
A biography of Mr. Halhed will be found in Gent. Mag.,
May, 1830.
Haliburton. Observations upon the Importance of
the N. Amer. Colonies to G. Brit., Halifax, 1825, Sve. Ses
Lon. Quar. Rev., xxiii. 410; Lon. Month. Rev., Aug. 1827,
564.
Haliburton, Thomas Chandler, long a Judge of
Nova Scotia, popularly known as Sam Slick, contributed,
in 1835, to a weekly paper of Nova Scotia, a series of letters
professing to depict the peculiarities of Yankee character
759
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These sketches were received with s much favour that in
1837 they were collected into a vol. entitled The Clockmaker;
or, the Sayings and Doings of Samuel Slick of Slickville.
A Second Series appeared in 1838, and a third in 1840.
In 1842 the writer visited England as an attaché of the
American Legation, and in the next year embodied the
results of his observations on English Society in his amus-
ing work, The Attaché; or, Sam Slick in England, 2 vols.
p. 8vo. Second Series, 1844, 2 vols. p. 8vo. New ed.,
1846, 4 vols. p. Svo. Reprinted, 1849. Judge Haliburton
has also given to the world Au Hist. and Statist. Account
of Nova Scotia, 1828, 2 vols. p. 8vo; repub. 1839; see N.
Amer. Rev., xxx. 121; Bubbles of Canada, 1839, p. Svo;
The Old Judge, or, Life in a Colony; Letter-Bag of the
Great Western, 1839, p. 8vo; Rule and Misrule of the
English in America, 1851, 2 vols. p. Svo; Yankee Stories,
1852, 12mo; Traits of American Humour, 1852, 3 vols. p.
8vo; Nature aud Human Nature, 1855; new ed., 1858.
How far he has succeeded in the attempt at depicting
Yankee manners and customs is a matter of debate. An
eminent authority, well qualified to give an opinion upon
the subject, decides against Slick's pretensions as a
painter:
"On this point we speak with some confidence. We can distin-
guish the real from the counterfeit Yankee, at the first sound of
the voice, and by the turn of a single sentence; and we have no
hesitation in declaring that Sam Slick is not what he pretends to
be; that there is no organic life in him; that he is an impostor, an
impossibility, a nonentity. A writer of genius, even if he write
from imperfect knowledge, will, as it were, breathe the breath of
life into his creations. Sam Slick is an awkward and highly in-
felicitous attempt to make a character, by heaping together, with-
out discrimination, selection, arrangement, or taste, every vulgarity
that a vulgar imagination can conceive, and every knavery that a
man blinded by national and political prejudice can charge upon
neighbours whom he dislikes."-PROF. C. C. FELTON: N. Amer. Rev.,
lviii. 212.
“He deserves to be entered on our list of friends containing the
names of Tristram Shandy, the Shepherd of the Noctes Ambrosi
ance, and other rhapsodical discoursers on time and change, who,
besides the delights of their discourse, possess also the charm of
individuality. Apart from all the worth of Sam. Slick's revela
tions, the man is precious to us as a queer creature-knowing,
impudent, sensible, sagacious, vulgar, yet not without a certain
tact: and overflowing with a humour as peculiar in its way as the
humours of Andrew Fairservice or a Protestant Miss Miggs, (that
impersonation of shrewish female service!)”—Lm. Athenæum.
Original and pithy, it is always refreshing to fall in with this
Inimitable story-teller. His mixture of sound sense with genuine
humour, his fund of information and peculiar way of putting it
on record, his fun and his force,—the fun being part and portion
of that force,-are at the same time qualities so entertaining and
instructive. that we know not in the end whether to be better
pleased with the intelligence we have acquired or the amusement
we have received."-Lon. Literary Gazelle.
A
See also Fraser's Mag., xxxv. 141, 308, 429; xxxvi. 76,
204, 324, 447, 576; and New Haven Church Review, iv.
523.
Halifax, Earl of. See MONTAGUE, CHARles.
Halifax, Marquis of. See SAVILE, GEORGE.
Halifax, Charles. Constable's Guide, 1791, Svo.
Halifax, Rev. Wm. 1. Answer to a Letter, Lon.,
1701. 2. Account of Tadmor or Palmyra, in Syria, Phil.
Trans., 1695.
Halifax. See IIALLIFAX.
8vo.
Halkerston, Peter. 1. Decisions of the Lords of
Council, &c., Edin., 1820, fol. 2. Latin Maxims, &c., 1823,
3. Law of Scot. rel. to Marriages, 1827, 8vo. 4. Act
of Parl., 6 Geo. IV., cap. 120, 1827, 8vo. 5. Trans., &c.
Terms, &c. in Erskine's Institute, 2d ed., 1829, 12mo.
6. Law and Sanctuary of Holyrood, 1831, Svo.
Halket, Lady Anne, 1622–1699, a daughter of Ro-
bert Murray, was a native of London. She left 21 vols. in
folio and quarto, principally on religious subjects. From
these a vol, of Meditations was pub., Edin., 1702, 4to.
"She was a person of great knowledge, having searched for it as
for hidden treasure, especially in these inexhaustible mines of the
divine oracles. where the most excellent wisdom is found.”—Bal-
lard's British Ladies.
Halket, John. 1. Selkirk's Settlement at Kildonan,
Lon., 1817, 8vo. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 88.
2. Indians of N. America, 1825, 8vo. See N. Amer. Rev.,
xxii. 108.
Hall and Sellers. Laws of Penna., Phila., 1775, fol.
Hall, Capt. Rattlesnake Poison, Phil. Trans., 1727.
Hall, Capt. 1. Hist. of the Civil War in America,
vol. i., Lon., 1780, 8vo. 2. Songs, &c., 2d ed., 1815, 12mo.
Hall, Rev. Mr. Cardplaying, Lon., 1750, Svo.
Hall, Miss A. 1. Literary Reader for High Schools
2nd Academies, Bost., 1850. 2. Manual of Morals.
Hall, A. Oakey, of New York. 1. The Manhattaner
in New Orleans; or, Phases of "Crescent City" Life, N.
York, 1850, 12mo. 2. Old Whitey's Christmas Trot, 1857.
Hall, A. W. Female Confessions; a Nov., 1809, 2 vols.
Hall, Mrs. Anna Maria. See HALL, MRS. SAMUEL
CARTER.
Hall, Anthony, D.D., 1679-1723, Fellow of Queen'a
Coll., Oxf., and Rector of Hampton Poyle. 1. Leland de
Scriptoribus, Oxf., 1709, 2 vols. Svo. Very erroneously
printed. 2. N. Triveti Annales, 1719, 8vo. He also com-
pleted and pub. Hudson's ed. of Josephus, and drew up
the account of Berkshire from the Magna Britannia.
Hall, Archibald. Two Discourses, 1777, Svo. 2. The
Gospel Church, 1795, 8vo.
"Shows the arguments for Presbyterianism. Jamieson's Sum
of Episcopal Controversy may be read on the same side. The
arguments for Independency may be sufficiently seen in the works
of Dr. Owen."-Bickersteth's C. S.
Hall, Arthur. A Letter rel. to a Quarrel, &c., Lon.,
1579-80, 4to. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., p. 1.
Hall, Arthur, M.P. for Grantham. Ten Books of
Homer's Illiades; trans. from a metrical French version
into English, Lon., 1581, 4to. Seo Watt's Bibl. Brit.; HALL,
or HILL, ARTHUR, in Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 954.
Hall, Rev. B. R., of New York, for twenty-eight
years past an eminent instructor of youth. 1. The New
Purchase: or, Life in the Far West, N. York, 1843, 12mo;
new ed., 1855, 12mo. 2. Something for Every Body. 3.
Teaching a Science; The Teacher an Artist, 1852. Highly
commended. 4. Frank Freeman's Barber Shop, 1852.
Hall, Capt. Basil, R. N., 178S-1844, a native of
Edinburgh, a son of Sir James Hall, fourth baronet of
Dunglass, was a popular writer of books of voyages and
travels. In 1802, in his fourteenth year, he entered the
Royal Navy, and was subsequently in active service in.
many parts of the globe. For some time before his death
he was deprived of the use of his reason, and he died in
confinement. For further information respecting Capt.
Hall we must refer the reader to his Fragments of Voyages
and Travels, and to vol. v. of the new ed. (1855) of Cham-
bers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen.
1. Voyage to the West Coast of Corea and the Great Loo-
Choo Island, Lon., 1818, 4to. Narrative part subsequently
pub. separately, p. 8vo, and Loo-Choo, med. 8vo. This
work includes a vocabulary of the Loo-Choo language,
compiled by Lieut. Clifford.
"A work not less valuable for its maritime geography and science
than for the pleasing interest which it excites on behalf of the na-
tives of Loo-Choo, and the favourable impression it leaves of Captain
Hall, his officers and seamen.”—Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
Also favourably reviewed by Lord Jeffrey in the Edin.
Rev., xxix. 475-497, and by Jared Sparks in the North
Amer. Rev., xxvi. 514-538: see also Lon. Quar. Rev., xviii.
308; Lon. Month. Rev., cxxv. 59; cxxvii. »92; cxxxiv. 143;
Fraser's Mag., viii. 593. 2. Occasional Poems and Mis-
cellanies, 12mo. 3. Extracts from a Journal written on
the Coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, in 1820–22, 1824,
2 vols. p. 8vo; 1848, r. Svo. See Edin. Rev., xl. 31-43.
4. Travels in North America in 1827-28, 3 vols. p. 8vo,
1829.
This work will do considerable mischief, not in America, but
in England. It will furnish food to the appetite for detraction
which reigns there towards this country. It will put a word in
the mouths of those who vilify because they hate and hate because
they fear us."-EDWARD EVERETT: N. Amer. Rev., xxix. 522–574.
The London Quarterly Reviewer is of quite a different
opinion:
His book may very probably do good in America; we hope it
will-but we are quite sure it must do so here." See vol. xli. 417-
7.
·
"Captain Hall's work, amidst much striking talent and many
just and profound observations, is too much tinctured by his ar
dent and enthusiastic fancy to form a safe guide on the many de
bated subjects of national institutions."-America, No. I.: Black-
wood's Mag., xxxiv. 288.
See also Westm. Rev., xi. 416; Lon. Month. Rev., exvii.
503. 5.
5. Forty Etchings from Sketches made with the
Camera Lucida in North America in 1827–28, r. 4to. 1829.
6. Fragments of Voyages and Travels, 1st serios, 1831, 3
vols. 12mo; 2d series, 1832, 3 vols. 12mo; 3d series, new
eds., 1840, '46, '50, all in r. 8vo. See Lon. Quar. Rev.,
xlvii. 133-169; Lon. Month. Rev., May, 1831, 59-79.
7. Schloss Hainfield; or, A Winter in Lower Styria, 1836,
p. 8vo.
8. Spain and the Seat of War in Spain, 1837, p.
Svo. 9. In conjunction with Ellis and Pringle, Voyages
and Travels, 1840, r. 8vo. 10. Travels in South America,
1841, r. 8vo. 11. Patchwork; Travels in Stories, &c.,
1840, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 2d ed., 1841, 3 vols. 18mo and in I
vol. 12mo.
...
"Few writers lay themselves moro open to quizzing: few can
prose and bore more successfully than he now and then does; but
the Captain's merit is real and great. . . . Captain Basil Hall im
parts a freshness to whatever spot he touches. and carries the
reader with untiring good-humour cheerily along with him. Turn
where we will we have posies of variegated flowers presented to us,
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and we are sure to find in every one of them, whether sombre or
gay, a sprig of Basil."-Lom. Quar. Rev.
6.
Wit is not to be measured, like broadcloth, by the yard. Easy
writing, as the adage says, and as we all know, is apt to be very
hard reading. This brings to our recollection a conversation, in
the presence of Captain Basil Hall, in which some allusion having
been made to the astounding amount of Scott's daily composition,
the literary argonaut remarked, There was nothing astonishing
in all that. and that he did as much himself nearly every day
before breakfast,' Some one of the company unkindly asked
'whether he thought the quality was the same. It is the quality,
undoubtedly, which makes the difference."-WM. H. PRESCOTT:
▸
N. Amer. Rev., xlv. 11, and in his Miscellanies; and see Capt.
Hall's own comparison between his rapidity of composition and
that of Sir Life of
Hall, Rev. Gordon, d. 1826, in India, aged about
36, a native of Berkshire, Mass., was the first American
missionary at Bombay, where he laboured for thirteen
He bad just revised the New Tes-
Hall, Benjamin. History of Eastern Vermont from years with great zeal.
its Earliest Settlement to the Close of the Eighteenth Cen-tament in the Mahratta tongue, when he was seized with
tury, N. York, 1858, 8vo, pp. 799.
cholera, of which he died in eight or nine hours.
junction with S. Newell, he wrote The Conversion of the
World, &c., 2d ed., 1818, 8vo.
In con-
"The author sustains himself throughout with unflagging spirit,
and his book will be read with unwearying interest."A. P. PEA-
BODY. D.D.: N. Amor. Rev., July, 1858. 281.
|
Hall, Charles. Serms., 1756, '60.
Hall, Charles, M.D. 1. Medical Family Instructor,
Shrewsb., 1785, Svo. 2. Effects of Civilization on the
People in the European States. 1805, Svo.
Hall, Charles. Con. to Med. Com., vi. 71.
Hall, Charles Henry. 1. Serms. at Bampton Lect.,
Lon.. 1799, Svo. 2. Serm., 1805, 4to.
Hall, Miss E. M. The American Lady's Practical
Cookery and Domestic Economy, N.Y., 1856, 12mo.
humour to rail at a whole people because he meets with occasional
instances of fraud and churlishness.”—J. GALLISON: N. Amer. Rev.
ix. 135-155.
"Hall's is a pleasant and lively work, unfolding many of the
peculiarities of the manners. customs, &c. of Canada and the
adjacent parts of the United States."-Stevenson's Voyages.
2. Travels in France in 1818; Lon., 1819, 8vo. 3. Ac-
count of Colombia in 1824, 8vo; 1825, '27.
Hall, Francis Russell. Regeneration, &c., 1832,
12ino.
Herbert supposes that Bishop Nicolson refers to the ed.
of 1542(?) and Hearne to one of the other edits.
But no
such theory will reconcile statements so directly opposed
to each other. Shakspeare and the other dramatists of
his day drew largely from Hall's Chronicles for materials
for their plots. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Cole's
MS. Athenæ. Cantab., in Brit. Mus.; Harwood's Alumni
Etonenses; Tanner and Pits; Peck's Desiderata; Dibdin's
Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit.; Hallam's Constit. Hist. of Eng.;
Dibdin's Lib. Comp.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Hall, Edward. Serms. and Prayers for the Young,
Lon., 1789, 8vo.
Hall, Edward B., D.D. Memoir of Mary L. Ware,
wife of Henry Ware, Jr., Bost., 1852, 12mo. Seven eds.
of this Memoir have already (1856) appeared. Reviewed
in N. Amer. Rev., lxxvii. 145.
Hall, Edwin, D.D. 1. The Puritans and their Prin-
·
ciples, N. York, Svo. 2. Law of Baptism, 3d ed., 12mo.
Hall, Everard. Index to the Virginia Reports,
Washington to 2d Randolph, Rich., 1825, Svo.
Hall, Francis. Explication of Dial in the King's
Garden at London, Liege. 1673, 4to.
Hall, Lieut. Francis, 14th Light Dragoons, H.P.,
subsequently Hydrographer in the Service of Colombia.
1. Travels in Canada and the U. States in 1816-17; Lon.,
1818, 8vo; Bost., Svo.
Hall, Edmund. Serms., 1653, '64. Other works.
Hall, Edward, 1499?-1547, an English lawyer and
judge in the Sheriff's Court, is known to posterity by his
Chronicle, already noticed in our article on Richard Graf-
ton. His work is entitled The Vnion of the two noble and
illustrate Famelies of Lancastre and York, Lon., 1548, fol.
This is supposed to be the first edition, but it is alleged
there is one bearing date 1542. Respecting this question,
see authorities referred to below. This work was continued
only to 1532. Hall left the continuation in MS., and
Grafton completed it and printed it in 1550, fol. In 1555
it was prohibited by proclamation. Reprinted, 1809, 23.
vols. 4to. We have already referred to Bishop Nicolson's
opinion of this work:
"He wrote a large account of the fore-mentioned wars, which,
in a very flattering epistle, he dedicated to Henry VIII. If the
reader desires to know what sort of cloaths were worn in each
king's reign, and how the fashions altered. this is an historian
for his purpose; but in other matters his information is not very
valuable."-Eng. Hist. Lib.
Hall, George, 1612-1668, son of the Bishop of Nor-
wich, Fellow of Exeter Coll., Oxford, Preb. of Exeter,
1639; Archdeacon of Cornwall, 1641; Bishop of Chester,
1662. He pub. Serms., 1655, '66, both 4to, and The Tri-
umphs of Rome over despised Protestancy, 1655, '67, Svo.
Had the seeds of virtue sown in him very early by bis said
father."-Athen. Orom.
Hall, Harrison, of Philadelphia, b. 1785, a brother
of Judge James Hall and of John E. Hall, (see post,) wrote
a work on Distillation, first pub. in 1815, which passed
through two edits. in America (2d ed., 1818, 8vo) and one
in England. This work elicited the commendation of Dr.
Hare and of other scientific men of the day.
“Mr. Hall is a clever, lively man, very much above the common
race of writers. . . . It is certainly somewhat rare to meet with
an original thinker, an indulgent judge of manners, and a man
tolerant of neglect and familiarity, in a youth covered with tags,
feathers. and martial foolery."-REV. SYDNEY SMITH: Edin. Rev.,
xxxi. 133, and in his Miscellanies.
..
"He has good sense enough to think that a country is not to
be judged by its tavern-keepers and hostlers, and too much good-
Hall, Sir James, 1761-1832, fourth Barenet of Dun-
glass, and father of Capt. Basil Hall, R.N. Origin, Princi-
ples, and Hist. of Gothic Architecture, Lon., 1813, imp. 4to.
"The most popular and esteemed work on the subject of which
it treats. both in the particular theory it espouses, and the interest
of its details."-Chambers & Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Scotsmen.
But Hearne disputes this:
He contributed papers on architecture, nat. philos., &c.,
to Trans. Soc. Edin., 1796, 1805, and to Nich. Jour., 1804,
“All the copies I have yet seen or heard of are dedicated to Edw.
VI., and the dedication is far from being flattering. The informa-06, '15, &c. The result of his experiments tended to
tions, too, are all along so very good, abating that the chronology
is here and there wrong, that they have been, and will always be,
highly valued by the most curious men. He declines giving any
account of cloaths and fashion, excepting upou some solemn occa-
sion in King Henry the Eighth's reign, and contents himself with
what is truly momentous."-Appen. to Hemingi Churt. Eccles. Wi-
gor., ii. 673, &c.
confirm the truth of the Plutonian or Igneous theory of
the origin of minerals. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Aug. 1832,
pp. 178-179, and Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Chambers & Thom
son's Biog. Diet. of Eminent Scotsmen.
Hall, Henry. Serm., Lon., 1644, 4to.
Hall, Hiland, late Judge of the Supreme Court of
Vermont. History of Western Vermont, announced as in
course of preparation, 1858.
Hall, Isaac, M.D. Tumour of the Thigh.
Hall, J. V. The Sinner's Friend, Maidstone, 8vo.
Hall, Rev. James. 1. Discoveries in Nat. Philos.,
Lon., 1805, 8vo. 2. Travels in Scotland, 1807, 2 vols. 8vo.
Travels through Ireland, 1813, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Substi-
tute for Hemp; Nich. Jour.. 1811.
Hall, James. Serms., Lon., 1814, '15, both Svo.
Hall, James, an eminent American writer and
Judge, b. in Philadelphia, Aug. 19, 1793, after spending
some time in the study of the law, entered the U. States
Army, and distinguished himself in the battle of Lundy's
Lane, at Niagara, the siege of Fort Erie, aud on various
other occasions during the last war with Great Britain.
He resigned from the army in 1818, and in 1820 removed
to Shawneetown, Illinois, where he edited the Illinois
Gazette and practised at the Bar. Whilst living in this
State, he was elected by the Legislature Judge of the
Circuit Court, and for four years held the responsible post
of State Treasurer. In 1833 he removed to Cincinnati,
where he has since resided. Since 1836 he has been con-
nected with monetary pursuits; was for some time the
Cashier of the Commercial Bank, and has been since 1853
President of an institution of the same name. For further
particulars respecting Judge Hall's useful and laborious
life we refer the reader to Griswold's Prose-Writers of
America, and to Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
1. Letters from the West. Originally pub. in the Phila.
Port-Folio, edited by the author's brother, Mr. John E.
Hall, (see post.) They appeared in London in a collective
form in 1828, Svo, without the author's concurrence.
viewed in the London Quarterly, xxxix. 345–359.
Re-
2. Legends of the West, Phila., 1832, 12mo; 2d ed.,
1833. 3. The Soldier's Bride, and other Tales, 1832. 4.
The Harpe's Head; a Legend of Kentucky, 1833. 5. Sketches
of the West, 1835, 2 vols. 12mo. See N. Amer. Rev., xliii.
1-28; xlv. 234–239; xlvii. 499–501; Rich's Bibl. Amer.
Nova, ii. 292. 6. Tales of the Border, 1835, 12mo. 7.
Statistics of the West at the Close of 1836; Cincin., 1836,
12mo. S. Notes on the Western States, Phila., 1838, 12mo;
| 1839, er. Svo.
"Though furnished with a new title, this work is but another
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edition of Judge Hall's Statistics of the West, published in 1836."
-N. Amer. Rev., xlvii. 499-501.
"This is, in our opinion, a valuable book. It furnishes just
what we want. . . . Mr. Hall understands bis subject thoroughly;
which no mere traveller, however well qualified, can be expected
to do.”—Lon. Athenæum, 1839: 111-113, q. v.
9. Life of General William Henry Harrison, 1836, 18mo.
10. History of the Indian Tribes, by Thomas L. McKenney,
late of the Indian Department at Washington, and James
Hall. Embellished with 120 Portraits from the Indian
Gallery at Washington. Phila. and Washington, 20 Nos.
fol.; vol. i., 1838; ii., 1842; iii., 1844; $120 per copy for the
set. Repub. in London. For an account of this splendid
work, written entirely from authentic original materials
collected with vast labour, see N. Amer. Rev., xlvii. 134-
148; London For. Quar. Rev., xxxvii. 479; Rich's Bibl.
Amer. Nova, ii. 300-307. The letter-press was written
chiefly by Judge Hall:
·
"Colonel McKenney has an accomplished coadjutor in Judge
Hall, of Cincinnati, who is associated with him in the literary
part of the enterprise. Judge Hall's well-known grace and liveli-
ness of style, and his knowledge of events in the West, and of the
Indian character as unfolded in the wars of recent times, besides
the advantages he derives from his proximity to the scenes he
describes, enable him to make contributions which adorn and
give additional value to the work.”—N. Amer. Rev., xlvii. 134
148, notice of vol. i.
Hall, John. English Bodies; or, Cures in desperate
Diseases. Englished by Jas. Cooke, Lon., 1657, 12wo.
By H. Stubbs, 1679, '83, Svo.
Hall, John. Jacob's Ladder, Lon., 1676, 8vo.
Hall, John. Refutation of Helmont, Oxf., 1694, 4to.
Hall, John. His Memoirs, Lon., 1708, '14, 8vo.
Hall, John. Speech at Tyburn, Lon., 1716.
Hall, John. Con. to Med. Obs. and Ing., 1784
Hall, John. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1798, Svo.
Hall, John. Conveyancing, Lon., 1829, 8vo.
Hall, John E., 1783-1829, a son of Mrs. Sarah Hall,
and brother of Judge James Hall and Harrison Hall, was
admitted to the Bar in 1805, and commenced practice in
Baltimore; he subsequently removed to Philadelphia.
Whilst in Baltimore he was elected to the responsible post
of Professor of Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres in the Univer-
sity of Maryland. From 1808 to 1817 he pub. The Ame-
rican Law Journal, Phila., 6 vols. 8vo. In 1821 was pub.
one vol. of The Journal of Jurisprudence, a new series of
The American Law Journal, Phila., Svo. Hall's Law
Journal contains some Decisions of the Federal Courts
not pub. in the regular reports. See 23 Amer. Jour., 135.
In 1816 he became editor of The Port-Folio, and contri-
|buted to its pages from time to time a number of articles
which excited considerable attention. He also wrote a life
of Dr. John Shaw, prefixed to the poems of the latter, pub.
at Baltimore in 1810; collected, arranged, and contributed
to an edit. of The British Spy; edited the Philadelphia
Souvenir in 1827; and in the same year pub. Memoirs of
Eminent Persons, &c., written and in part selected by the
Editor of The Port-Folio. In consequence of the failure
of Mr. Hall's health, the Port-Folio was discontinued in
1827. See Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. Mr. Hall also
pub. The Practice and Jurisdiction of the Court of Ad-
miralty, Balt., 1809, Svo; an English edit. of Emerigon
on Maritime Loans, with other matter, 1811, 8vo; and
Tracts on Constitutional Law, containing Mr. Livingston's
Answer to Mr. Jefferson, Phila., 1813, Svo.
11. The Wilderness and the War-Path, N. York, 1845,
12mo. 12. Anniversary Address before the Mercantile
Library Association of Cincinnati, April, 1846. 13. Life
of Thomas Posey, Major-General and Governor of Indiana,
in Sparks's American Biography, 2d Series, ix. 359-103.
A new and uniform edit. of Judge Hall's works, revised
by the author, to be comprised in four vols., uniform with
Putnam's edit. of Irving's Works, is now (1856) in course
of publication. Vol i., Legends of the West, appeared in
1853; and vol. ii., The West, Historical, Descriptive and,
Statistical, is now ready for the press. In 1857 appeared
Romance of Western History, Cin., 12mo. Judge Hall has
been a contributor to The Amer. Quar. Rev., The Phila. Port-
Folio, The Knickerbocker, The Boston Token, &c.
He
founded, published, edited, and contributed largely to, The
Illinois Magazine, (monthly,) issued for three years at
Vandalia, and then removed to Cincinnati, where its name
was changed to The Western Monthly Magazine. Under
this title it enjoyed a large circulation for three years.
when it was discontinued. He also edited and contributed
largely to The Western Souvenir for 1829, (pub. at Cin-
cinnati,) the first annual attempted in the West. When
we add to this long list of labours the editorial duties
connected with several newspapers,-The Illinois Gazette,
The Illinois Intelligencer, &c.-it will be readily admitted
that few men have done so much for the cause of Western
civilization and the intellectual improvement of the
country at large. Such men should be "counted worthy
of all honour.
"
|
Hall, Joseph, D.D., 1574-1656, one of the most emi-
nent of English divines and scholars, was a native of
Ashby-de-la-Zouch, and educated at Emanuel Coll., Cam-
bridge, where for a short time he read the Rhetoric Lecture
in the schools. He became Rector of Halsted, was subse-
quently presented by Lord Denny to Waltham Holy Cross,
and next made a Prebendary of the collegiate church of
Wolverhampton. In 1618 he was sent to the Synod of
Dort, was made Bishop of Exeter in 1627, and trans. to
Norwich in 1641. On the occurrence of the Rebellion,
after suffering imprisonment and enduring various other
hardships, he was sequestered and reduced to great poverty.
He retired to Higham, near Norwich, where he spent the
rest of his days on a straitened income, but in the active
discharge of ministerial duty. As a man of profound
learning, fervent piety, and practical philanthropy, his
name should be "bad in everlasting remembrance. Но
was distinguished both as a poet and as a prose writer, and
wrote many sermons, controversial tracts against Roman-
ism, and other theological treatises. For particulars of his
life and writings, see Biog. Brit.; his Autobiography, in his
Specialities; Johnson and Chalmers's Eng. Poets, 1810;
Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poet.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Words-
worth's Eccles. Biog.; Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe;
Lowndes's Bibl. Man. A new edit. of his Works, now first
Hall, John, an early English poet, was a surgeon of collected, with his Autobiography, Notes, Index, &c., by
Maidstone, in Kent. 1. The Prouerbes of Salomon, &c., Rev. Josiah Pratt, was pub., Lon., 1808, in 10 vols. 8vo,
1550. 2. Trans. of Chirurgia Parua Lanfranci, Lon., 1565, £4 48. A still later edit., by his descendant, Rev. Peter
4to. 3. The Courte of Vertue, 1565, 16mo. See Brydges's | Hall, was pub., Oxf., 1837-39, in 12 vols. Svo, £5. This
Phillips's Theat. Poet. Anglic.: Kitson's Bibl. Poet., 232-edit. the collector must secure. Its contents are as follows:
233; Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poet.
Vol. I. Biographical Pieces; Contemplations on the Old
Testament, Books 1-17. II. Contemplations on the Old
Testament, Books 18-21; Contemplations on the New
Testament. III. Paraphrases on Hard Texts, Genesis to
David. IV. Paraphrases on Hard Texts, Hosea to Reve-
lation. V. Sermons.
lation. V. Sermons. VI., VII. Practical Works. VIII.
Devotional Works; Miscellaneous Theology. IX., X. Po-
lemical Works. XI. Latin Theology, with Translations.
XII. Mundus Alter et idem; Quo Vadis? A Censure of
Travel; Poetical Works; Appendix; Indices. Of separate
pieces, and selections from his writings, there have been
many edits. The most comprehensive of these is Selec-
tions by the Rev. Josiah Pratt, 1808, 5 vols. 8vo, £2 2×.
We proceed to quote a number of opinions by eminent
authorities respecting the merits of a number of the works
of this profound scholar and excellent man:
|
Hall, John, 1627-1656, a native of Durham, spent
one year at St. John's Coll., Camb., and subsequently re-
moved to Gray's Inn. 1. Hora Vicivæ; or, Essays, &c.,
Lon., 1646, 12mo. 2. Poems, Camb., 1646, 12mo. See
Nichols's Select Collection. 3. The Seconde Booke of
3. The Seconde Booke of
Divine Poems, 1647. Now very rare. 4. Emblems, 1648,
16mo. 5. Motion to the Parliament, 1649, 4to. 6. Mon-
archy, 1651, 8vo. 7. The Height of Eloquence, 1652, |
8vo. 8. Paradoxes, 1653, 12mo. This is the first, English
trans. of Longinus. 9. Hierocles on Pythagoras, 1657,
8vo. With an account of Hall, by John Davis. See
Athen. Oxon.
Hall, James, an eminent geologist, b. at Hingham,
Mass., 1811, Palæontologist of New York State Survey.
1. The Geology of New York, Fourth Geological Dis-
trict, 1843, 4to. 2. The Paleontology of New York; vcl. i.,
1847, 4to; ii., 1852, 4to; iii., in course of preparation.
Mr. Hall has contributed a number of papers to various
scientific publications.
Hall, John. A Poesie in Forme of a Vision, &c.,
1563, 16mo. Probably written by the next-named John
Hall. See Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet. Anglic., 78;
Ritson's Bibl. Poet., 232, 233; Warton's Hist. of Eng.
Poct.
Hall, Jonathan Prescott. Reports of Cases in
Superior Ct. City N. York, 1828-29, N. York, 1831-33, 2
vols. Svo.
Hall, John, of Richmond. Government, Lon.,
1654, fol.
Hall, John. The True Chevalier, Lon., 1656, fol.
"
}
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1. SATIRES: VIRGIDEMIARUM: pub. 1597-98. These
were pub. at the early age of twenty-three. It is proper
to quote in this connexion the remark of Dr. Drake :
"Poetry was the occupation merely of his youth; the vigour
and decline of his days being employed in the composition of pro-
fessional works, calculated, by their piety, eloquence, and origin-
ality, to promote, in the most powerful manner, the best interests
of morality and religion.”
6.
The first professed English satirist, to speak technically, is
Bishop Joseph Hall. . . . These satires are marked with a classical
precision, to which English poetry had yet rarely attained. They
They
are replete with animation of style and sentiment. The indigna-
tion of the satirist is always the result of good sense. Nor are the
thorns of severe invective unmixed with the flowers of pure poetry.
The characters are delineated in strong and lively colouring, and
their discriminations are touched with the masterly traces of
genuine humour. The versification is equally energetic and ele-
gant, and the fabric of the couplets approaches to the modern
standard."-Wurton's Hist. of Eng. Poel., ed. 1840, iii. 404441.
Read this "masterly piece of criticism."
4.
•
The best Poetry and the truest Satire in the English language.
I wish I had seen them sooner."”—ALEXANDER Pope.
"This powerful and truly original writer is the earliest professed
Satirist among our Poets; and he has himself alluded to that fact
with a proud and pardonable egotism:
I first adventure: follow me who list,
And be the Second English Satirist.'
His Satires, besides their own intrinsic poetical excellences, are
valuable to the Antiquary as presenting a most vivid and faithful
picture of the manners of our ancestors; their fashions, follies,
vices, and peculiarities. These Hall has touched with a powerful
and unsparing hand. Scribblers, Lawyers, Parsons, Physicians,
all those unfortunate classes of men, who have, from time imme-
morial, enjoyed the unenvied privilege of attracting the peculiar
notice of the Satiric Muse. are by him laid bare and shrinking to
the scorn and hatred of Mankind.”—Henry Niele's Lects. on Eng-
lish Poetry.
"In many instances, Hall redeems the antiquity of his allusions
by their ingenious adaptation to modern manners; and this is but
a small part of his praise: for in the point. and volubility, and
vigour of Hall's numbers, we might frequently imagine ourselves
perusing Dryden.”—Thomas Camplll's Notices of the British Poels.
But Mr. Hallam questions Hall's claim, asserted by
himself and since generally allowed, to be considered the
first English satirist :
“In a general sense of satire, we have seen that he had been
anticipated by Gascoigne; but Hall bas more of the direct Jure
nalian invective, which he may have reckoned essential to that
species of poetry."
He considers, also, that Hall's Satires have been "praised
by Campbell, as well as by Warton, full as much in my
opinion as they deserve," and remarks:
Hall is in fact not only so harsh and rugged that he cannot
be read with much pleasure, but so obscure in very many places.
that he cannot be understood at all, his lines frequently hearing
no visible connexion in sense or grammar with their neighbours.
iu
—Lil. Hist. of Europe.
2. EPISTLES: pub. 1608-11.
<
"An able inquirer into the literature of this period has affirmed
that Hall's Epistles, written before the year 1613. are the first ex-
ample of epistolary composition which Englaud had seen. · Bishop
Hall,' he says, was not only our first satirist, but was the first
who brought epistolary writing to the view of the public; which
was common in that age to other parts of Europe. but not prac-
tised in England till he published his own Epistles.' And IIall
himself in the Dedication of his Epistles to Prince Henry observes,
*Your grace shall herein perceive a new fashion of discourse by
EPISTLES, new to our language, vsuall to others: and, as nouelty
is neuer without plea of vse, more free, more familiar.'
› "— War-
ton's Hist. of Eng. Poet,
But Warton assigns to Roger Ascham the first and to
Howell the second place, in order of time, in this depart-
ment of letters.
Campbell also falls into the error of denominating
Bishop Hall "the first who gave our language an example
of epistolary composition in prose." See his Notices of
the British Poets.
3. CONTEMPLATIONS UPON THE PRINCIPAL PASSAGES OF
THE HIST. OF THE NEW TESTAMENT: pub. 1612-15.
เ
Incomparably valuable for language, criticism and devotion."
--DR. DODDRIDGE.
"The first and last terms are justy applied, but not the middle
one; as there is very little criticism, in the proper meaning of the
term, in any of the works of Hall. . . . There is a great variety
of sentiment, and great richness of thought and expression, in
these Contemplations. The historical passages are often very
happily illustrated; and a pure and elevated devotion, combined
with a fine imagination, pervades the whole."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Very devotional and useful."-Bickersteth's Chris. Stu.
"A vein of piety, and even an original cast of observation, runs
through the greater part of his performances; and his Contempla-
tions, in particular. breathe the fire of poetry as well as of devo-
tion."-DIDDIN: Lib. Comp.
"The Contemplations of Hall are among his most celebrated
works. They are prolix, and without much of that vivacity or
striking novelty we meet with in the devotional writings of his
contemporary, (Jeremy Taylor.] but are perhaps more practical
and generally edifying."—Hollám's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
4. THE OLD RELIGION; or, the Difference between the
Reformed and the Romish Church: pub. 1628.
1
A very able work.
"Quo ostenditur evangelicam religionem esse antiquam atque
apostolicam; Romanain contra novam atque ab hominibus ex-
cogitatam."--WALCH.
5. EXPLICATION OF ALL the Hard Texts of the Whole
DIVINE SCRIPTURE: pub. 1633-34.
"These expository notes are very valuable, especially for show-
ing the spirit and force of many expressions that occur.”—DR.
DODDRIDGE.
66
They do not, however, contain much learned criticism. Most
of them, if not all, are inserted in the valuable Commentary of
Bp. Mant and Dr. D'Oyly.”—Horne's Bibl. Bib.
<
This paraphrase includes many texts which are not hard; and
on many hard texts it throws little light. Occasionally a critical
remark occurs, and frequently the point and energy of a particular
sentiment is happily noticed; but the reader who repairs to these
volumes for the solution of many difficulties in the language or
doctrine of the Bible will certainly be disappointed. He who
undertakes too much must always fail to afford satisfaction. An
explication of all the bard texts in the Bible was too vast an un-
dertaking even for Bishop Hall, though his learning was greater
than that of most of the men of his age, and his industry not
inferior to any.”—Orme's Bill. Bib.
"Very devotional and useful.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
6. CHRISTIAN MEDITATIONS: pub. 1640.
"Next to his Contemplations are his Meditations, Letters, and
Balm of Gilead."-DR. DODDRIDGE.
(:
shire.
Best of all in his Meditations."-Fuller's Worthies of Leicester-
"Bishop Hall's beautiful Meditations were not less suited to our
day than to his."-REV. CHARLES BRIDGES: Memoir of M. J. Gra-
ham.
7. EPISCOPACY BY DIVINE RIGHT ASSERTED: pub. 1640.
In this the good Bishop endeavours to fix Episcopacy upon
the same basis of apostolical institution, and to demolish the sys
tem of the Puritans, by demonstrating that Presbyterianism had
no existence for the first fifteen centuries of the Christian era, and
that it owed its being to the inventive faculties of Calvin.”-
BOGUE.
S. MUNDUS ALTER ET IDEM: SIVE TERRA AUSTRALIS
ANTE HAC SEMPER INCOGNITA AUTHORE MERCURIO.BRITAN-
NICO: pub. 1643. An English version was pub. by John
Healey, under the title of Discovery of a New World, Svo.
"I can only produce two books by English authors in this first-
part of the seventeenth century which fall properly under the class
of novels or romances; and of these one is written in Latin. This'
is the Mundus Alter et Idem of Bishop Hall. an imitation of the
latter and weaker volumes of Rabelais. A country in Terra Aus-
tralis is divided into four regions. Crapulia, Viraginia, Moronea,
and Lavernia. Maps of the whole land and of particular regions
are given: and the nature of the satire, not much of which has
any especial reference to England, may easily be collected.”—
Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
The other novel referred to by Mr. Hallam is Francis
Godwin's Man in the Moon. It has been supposed that
Swift borrowed the idea of Gulliver's Travels from Hall's
Mundus Alter et Idem: but see our life of FRANCIS GOD-
WIN. We conclude with some opinions respecting the
general merits of this eminent divine as a scholar and an
author:
"He was noted for a singular wit from his youth: a most acute
rhetorician and an elegant poet. He understood many tongues;
and in the rhetorick of his own he was second to none that lived.
in his time."-Rev. JOHN WHITEFOOTE: Bishop Hall's Funeral
Sermon.
"He was commonly called our English Seneca, for the pureness,
plainness, and fulness of his style. Not unhappy at controversies,
more happy at comments, very good in his character. better in his
sermons, best of all in his meditations. . . . A witty poet when
young, a painful preacher and solid divine in his middle, a patient
sufferer in his old, age.”—THOMAS FULLER.
"It is much to our present purpose to observe that the style of
his prose is strongly tinctured with the manner of Seneca. The
writer of the satires is perceptible in some of his gravest polemical
or scriptural treatises, which are perpetually interspersed with
excursive illustrations, familiar allusions and observations in life.
Many of them were early translated into French.”— Warton's Hist.
of Eng. Puet.
The obligations of the author of The Sentimental Jour-
ney to Bishop Hall have been exposed by an ingenious
critic, whose merits we have already considered:
"There is a delicacy of thought and tenderness of expression in
the Bishop's compositions, from the transfusions of which
Sterne looked for immortality."-DR. FERRIAR.
The next authority to be quoted is not noted for enthu-
siastic eulogy of the old English divines; but he can hardly
say enough in favour of Bishop Hall:
**
Imaginative and copious eloquence, terse and pointed sen-
tences, full of piety and devotion. Few writers more likely to be
useful to [Divinity] students. Let them thoroughly read and
calls upon them."-Bickersteth's C. S.
digest such a writer, and they will be furnished for most of the
Here we must conclude, not from paucity of matter, but
narrowness of space. The similarity between Jeremy
Taylor and Bishop Hall has not escaped the eye of criti-
cism. A late eminent authority happily defines the points
of likeness and contrast:
"A writer as distinguished in works of practical piety was Hall.
IIis Art of Divine Meditation, his Contemplations, and indeed
many of his writings, remind us frequently of Taylor. Both had
763
HAL
HAL
• qually pious and devotional tempers; both were full of learning,
both fertile of illustration; both may be said to have strong imagi-
nation and poetical genius, though Taylor let his predominate a
little more. Taylor is also rather more subtle and argumentative;
his copiousness has more real variety. Hall keeps more closely to
his subject, dilates upon it sometimes more tediously, but more
appositely. In his sermons there is some excess of quotation and
far-fetched illustration, but less than in those of Taylor. In some
of their writings these two great divines resemble each other, on
the whole, so much, that we might for a short time not discover
which we were reading. I do not know that any third writer
comes close to either."-Hullam's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
Hall, Joseph, pub. the posthumous Works of Rev.
Jeremiah Seed, Lon., 1750, 2 vols. Svo.
Hall, Mrs. Louisa Jane, a daughter of Dr. James
Park, of Newburyport, Mass., was born in that city, Feb.
7, 1802. In 1840 she was married to the Rev. Edward B.
Hall, a Unitarian minister of Providence, Rhode Island.
Mrs. Hall has attained considerable reputation as the
author of Miriam, a Dramatic Poem, illustrative of the
early conflicts of the Christian Church. Although partly
written in 1825, and completed not long after this date, it
was not pub. till 1837. In 1828 she gave to the world
Joanna of Naples, an Historical Tale, in prose; and has
also pub. a Life of Elizabeth Carter, and contributed to
the periodicals of the day. Few American poetical compo-
sitions have been more highly commended than Mrs. Hall's
Miriam. See Griswold's Female Poets of America; Mrs.
Hale's Records of Woman; Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer.
Lit.; Article by Mrs. E. F. Ellet on The Female Poets of
America, in N. Amer. Rev., lxviii. 434, 435.
Hall, Marshall, M.D., d. 1857. Principles of the
Theory and Practice of Medicine, Lon., 1837, Svo. Amer.
ed., by Drs. J. bigelow and O. W. Holmes, Bost., 1839, Svo.
Also Lectures and Memoirs on the Nervous System, and
other valuable professional works. He visited the United
States in 1853 and '54, and pub. The Twofold Slavery of
the United States.
Hall, Mrs. Matthew. Lives of the Queens of Eng-
land before the Norman Conquest, Lon., 1854, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"We have no doubt that many innocent people will fill up one
end of the shelves which contain their Lives of the Queens with
this suppositious preface and introduction to them. But it is a
pure delusion; and we beg to assure all well-intentioned persons
that Sir E. B. Lytton's Harold contains a hundred fold more of
real historical information about the early Saxon Princesses than
they will find in the empty and pretentious.pages of the Queens
before the Conquest; where Edith the Good and Edith the Fair
come in after all the Cartismanduas, Guenevers, and look as life-
less and as mythical as they.”—Blackwood's Mag., Oct. 1855.
Hall, Rev. Newman. 1. Life of Wm. Gordon, M.D.
See the name, and that of Godman, John D., M.D. 2. Come
to Jesus. New ed., Lon., 1854. 12mo. This little book
has reached its fifty-fourth thousand. 3. Follow Jesus.
New ed., 1854, 18mo. 4. It is I. 5. Italy, the Land of
the Forum and the Vatican, 1853, fp. Svo.
Hall, P. W. Revealed Law, &c., 1792, Svo.
Hall, Peter, 1803-1849, Rector of Milston, Wilts,
educated at Winchester Coll. and at Brasenose Coll., Ox-
ford, edited the Works of his ancestor, Bishop Joseph Hall,
and pub. a number of theological, topographical, and other
works, for an account of which see Loudon Gent. Mag.,
Nov. 1849. Among the most valuable of his works are
Reliquiæ Liturgia, 1847, 5 vols. 18mo, and Fragmenta
Liturgica, 1848, 7 vols. 18mo. At the time of his death
At the time of his death
he was engaged in the compilation of another collection.
of pieces of a liturgical character, to be entitled Monu-
menta Liturgica. Mr. Hall pub. in 1841, Svo, a new Eng-
lish ed. of that valuable work, The Harmony of the Pro-
testant Confessions. This work was first pub. in Latin, at
Geneva, 1581, 4to; then in English, at Cambridge, 1586,
12mo; again, Lon., 1643, 4to. These edits. have become
excessively rare, and Mr. Hall's reprint deserves
great
commendation.
"I recommend the Confession of Faith of the Church of Saxony,
with the elucidations on particular points to be found in the
works of P. Melancthon.”—BISHOP HORSLEY.
Hall, R. G. 1. Law rel. to Trust Terms, &c., Lon.,
1820, 8vo. 2. Rights of the Crown on the Sea-shores,
1830, Svo.
Hall, Richard. A Library of Divinity; or, Select
Extracts from Sundry Old and Eminent Divines, Lon.
Hall, Richard, D.D., d. 1604, R. Catholic professor
at Douay, was educated at Christ College, Cambridge.
He pub. some controversial tracts, but is best known as
the author of The Life and Death of John Fisher, Bishop
of Rochester, Lon., 1653, Svo, which goes under the name
of its editor, Thomas Bayly, subdean of Wells. Another
Another
ed. was pub. in 1739, 12mo, edited by Coxeter. Hall's
life of Fisher is much esteemed; but we have a recent
biography of this distinguished prelate by the Rev. John
Lewis. See FISHER, JOHN. Respecting Dr. Richard Hall,
sce Dodd's Church Hist.; Cole's MS. Athenæ, in Brit.
Museum.
Hall, Richard. Hist. of Barbadoes, 1643-1762, 1765.
Hall, Robert. Seo HEYLIN, Peter, D.D.
Hall, Robert.
1. Serm., 1713, Svo. 2. Four Serms.
3. 12 Serms. on the Apostles' Creed.
Hall, Robert. The Old Quizzes; a Musical Farco,
1779. 12mo.
Hall, Robert, d. 1791, father of the celebrated R ›.
bert Hall, chosen pastor of a Baptist congregation at
Arnsby, Leicestershire, 1753. Help to Zion's Travellers,
Bristol, 1781, 18mo; 2d ed., Lou., 1807, 18mo.
"It well deserves the title.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
For an account of Mr. Hall see a biographical notice in
the Works of his son, Robert Hall.
Hall, Robert, M.D., 1763-1824, an army and navy
surgeon, subsequently resided at Jedburgh and in London.
He pub. a trans. of Spallanzani's Experiments on the
Circulation of the Blood, Lon., 1801, 8vo, and other pro-
fess. treatises. See Watt's Bibl. Brit. ; Georgian Era, ii. 585.
Hall, Robert, 1764-1831, one of the most eminent.
of modern divines, a native of Arnsby, in Leicestershire,
where his father was settled as pastor to a congregation
of Baptists. At a very early age he gave evidence of un-
common genius, which will readily be admitted when we
are assured upon undoubted authority that
**
Before he was nine years of age he had perused and reperused,
with intense interest, the treatises of that profound and extra-
ordinary thinker, Jonathan Edwards, on the Affections' and on
the Will. About the same time he read, with a like interest,
'Butler's Analogy.' Before he was ten years old he had written
many essays, principally on religious subjects, and often invited
his brothers and sisters to hear him preach."-Dr. Olinthus Gre-
gory's Memoir.
He was placed in the academy of Mr. John Ryland, of
Northampton, and afterwards removed to the institution
1780, at the early age of sixteen, he was "set apart" by
at Bristol connected with the Particular Baptists. In
his father and some other members of the Baptist commu-
nion for public employ" as a preacher of the word. In
little more than a year after this ceremony Robert was
sent to King's College, Aberdeen, where he formed a close
intimacy with Mr.-afterwards Sir James-Mackintosh.
Sir James said he became attached to Robert Hall "be-
cause he could not help it."
They read together; they sat together at lecture, if possible;
they walked together. In their joint studies they read much of
Xenophon and Herodotus, and more of Plato; and so well was all
this known, exciting admiration in some, in others envy, that it
was not unusual, as they went along, for their class-fellows to
point at them and say. There go Plato and Herodotus.'
· . . There
was scarcely an important position in Berkeley's Minute Philoso-
pher, in Butler's Analogy, or in Edwards on the Will, over which
they had not debated with the utmost intensity."
•
•
66
•
In 1783 Mr. Hall accepted an invitation from the church
at Broadmead to associate himself with Dr. Caleb Evans
as the assistant pastor. His first serm. had been preached,
when only sixteen years of age, to a congregation of minis-
ters, and we are told that in the elucidation of his text,
"God is light, and in Him is no darkness at all," bo
treated this mysterious and awful subject with such
metaphysical acumen, and drew from it such an impres-
sive application, as excited the deepest interest." We
need not be surprised, therefore, that, after three years'
intense application to metaphysics and studious perusal
of the best pulpit models, he produced such an impression
on his auditors as to "crowd the place of worship to
excess." In 1791 Mr. Hall assumed the pastoral charge
of the Baptist congregation at Cambridge, in which im-
portant post he succeeded the unhappy Mr. Robinson.
Mr. Hall's devotion to study was carried to an excess
which resulted in the most painful consequences.
Often has he been known to sit close at his reading, or yet
more intensely engaged in abstract thought, for more than twelve
hours in the day; so that, when one or two of his kind fiends
they have found him in such a state of nervous excitement as led
have called upon him, in the hope of drawing him from his solitude,
then to unite their efforts in persuading him to take some niild
marcotic and retire to rest. The painful result may be anticipated.
This noble mind lost its equilibrium ; and he who had so long been
the theme of universal admiration now became the subject of as
Mr. Hall was placed under the care of Dr. Arnold. of Leicester,
extensive a sympathy. This event occurred in November, 1804.
whose attention, with the blessing of God. in about two months,
restored him both to mental and bodily health."
But it is painful to add that, in about twelve months
from this time, "sleepless nights, habitual exclusion from
society, a complete self-absorption," and the incessant
struggle between a sense of duty and a proper regard to
his health, produced a recurrence of mental derangement.
The judicious measures of Dr. Cox, with the Divine aid,
704
HAL
HAL
soon restored the "complete balance of his mental powers." |
It was considered necessary, however, that he should re-
sign the charge of his congregation at Cambridge, and for
a year at least seek retirement and avoid all mental ex-
citement. A connexion was thus terminated which had
subsisted for fifteen years.
In about two years from this time he felt himself suffi-
ciently re-established in health to take charge of a congre-
gation in Harvey Lane, Leicester, where he was married
in March, 1808.
"The people are a simple-hearted, affectionate, praying people,
to whom I preach with more pleasure than to the more refined
audience at Cambridge."-Letter to Dr. Ryland.
He little foresaw that he would be the successor of the
friend to whom this letter was written; but such was the
fact. Dr. Ryland "entered into rest" in 1825, and in the
next year Mr. Hall resigned his post at Leicester, which
he had occupied for nearly twenty years, and returned,
after an interval of forty-five, to the scene of his first con-
tinuous labours, the church at Broadmead, Bristol.
"Some of the friends of his early life still survived to welcome
his return among them; and many others. who had profited by
his pulpit exertions on his periodical visits to Bristol, congratu-
lated themselves that he to whom, under God, they owed so much,
had become their pastor."
His separation from his flock at Leicester, among whom
he had gone in and out for almost twenty years, was truly
affecting.
"The day of separation-the last sacrament-Sabbath-was a
day of anguish to him and them, of which 1 shall not attempt the
description. Suffice it to say, that he went through the ordinary
public duties of the day with tolerable composure; but at the
sacramental service he strove in vain to conceal his emotion. In
one of his addresses to the members of the church, on adverting
to the pain of separation he was so much affected that he sat
down, covered his face with his hands, and wept; they, sharing in
his distress, gave unequivocal signs of the deepest feeling. Mr.
Eustace Carey, who was present, continued the devotional part of
the service until Mr. Hall was sufficiently recovered to proceed.
At the close of the solemnity the weeping became again universal,
and they parted, sorrowing most of all that they should see his
face no more.” ”—DR. Gregory.
Mr. Hall continued actively engaged in the discharge
of ministerial duty at Bristol until February 12, 1831,
when he was attacked by a severe complaint in the chest,
which terminated fatally on the 21st of the same month.
He died "the death of the righteous," and was never
greater than in that last scene, which so often evinces at
the same time the weakness of human nature and the effi-
cacy of that strength wherewith God endues the souls of
his faithful children. "Over such the second death hath
no power," and the pangs of the first are swallowed up in
the foretaste of that exceeding glory which "God hath
prepared for them who love him.'
A friend remarked to the dying believer, "This God
will be our God!" "Yes. He will," was the reply; "He
will be our guide even unto death." Surely
"The chamber where the good man meets his fate
Is privileged beyond the common walks of life."
In the controversy excited by the French Revolution
of 1789 Mr. Hall was induced to take a part. He after-
wards regretted that he was so much under the influence
of the general excitement as to be drawn aside from his
higher obligations. To use his own words-
6.
The Christian ministry is in danger of losing something of its
energy and sanctity by embarking on the stormy element of po-
litical debate.”
The principal works of this eminent writer and orator
were as follows:-1. Christianity consistent with a Love
of Freedom; being an Answer to a Sermon by the Rev.
John Clayton, Lon., 1791. Mr. Hall never would consent
to the republication of this essay. The principles he con-
sidered correct, but he regretted the tone of animadver-
sion as "severe, sarcastic, and unbecoming."
"It contains some powerful reasoning, as well as some splendid
Jassages."
2. Apology for the Freedom of the Press, 1793.
"I went home to my lodgings and began to write immediately;
sat up all night, and, wonderful for me. kept up the intellectual
ferment for almost a month, and then the thing was done."
3. Modern Infidelity Considered, 1800. See an interest-
ing account by Dr. Gregory of the history of this sermon.
"I mistake greatly if, after the perusal of this simple narrative,
the reader will not turn to the sermon with additional relish, and
meditate with augmented pleasure upon the peculiarities of this
most valuable production and the singular character of its au-
thor's mind."
4. Reflections on War, 1802.
"Conscious that what is here advanced was meant neither to
flatter nor offend any party, he is not very solicitous about those
misconstructions or misinterpretations to which the purest inten-
tions are exposed."-Author's Preface.
5. The Sentiments proper to the Present Crisis, Fast-
day, 1803.
"From a due consideration of the temper of the times he
thought it expedient to direct the attention to what appeared to
him the chief source of public degeneracy, rather than insist at
large on particular vices.”—Author's Preface to the second edition,
Ministry; a Discourse delivered to the Rev. James Robin-
6. The Discouragements and Supports of the Christian
son at his ordination. 7. On Terms of Communion; with
baptists, 1815.
a particular view to the case of the Baptists and the Pædo-
Mr. Hall was a warm advocate of “ Mixed
Coinmunion," while Mr. Kinghorn was a zealous champion
of exclusion. 8. The Essential Difference between Chris-
tian Baptism and the Baptism of John more fully stated
and confirmed. 9. A Sermon occasioned by the death of
her late Royal Highness the Princess Charlotte of Wales,
1817; 6th ed. pub. in 1818. Mr. Hall preached three ser-
mons on this occasion, of which many of the auditors affirm
the one published was by no means the best.
I
·
"It by universal acknowledgment bore the palm above all the
numerous valuable sermons that were then published. . . In
felicity of diction, in delicacy and pathos, in the rich variety of
most exquisite and instructive trains of thought, in their cogent
application to truths of the utmost moment, in the masterly com-
bination of what in eloquence. philosophy, and religion was best
calculated to make a permanent and salutary impression, this ser-
mon probably stands unrivalled."
So great was his reputation as a preacher, that some
persons were in the habit of travelling two nights, coming
and returning, for the pleasure of hearing him on Sunday.
His friend, Dr. Gregory, gives us a graphic account of one
of these occasions:
From the commencement of his discourse, an almost breathless
silence prevailed, deeply impressive and solemnizing from its singu-
lar intenseness. Not a sound was beard but that of the preacher's
voice scarcely an eye but was fixed upon him—not a countenance
that he did not watch, and read, and interpret. as he surveyed
them again and again with his rapid. ever-excursive glance. As
he advanced and increased in animation, five or six of the auditors
would be seen to rise and lean forward over the front of their pews,
still keeping their eyes upon him. Some new or striking sentiment
or expression would, in a few minutes, cause others to rise in like
manner: shortly afterwards still more, and so on, until, long he
fore the close of the sermon. it often happened that a considerable
portion of the congregation were seen standing,—every eye directed
to the preacher, yet now and then for a moment glancing from one
to the other, thus transmitting and reciprocating thought and
feeling:-Mr. Hall himself. though manifestly absorbed in his
subject, conscious of the whole. receiving new animation from
what he thus witnessed. reflecting it back upon those who were
already alive to the inspiration, until all that were susceptible of
thought and emotion seemed wound up to the utmost limit of
elevation on earth.-when he would close, and they reluctantly
resume their seats."
With this lifelike picture of preacher and congregation
fresh in their minds, let our readers peruse the Sermon on
the death of the Princess Charlotte, or that entitled "The
Lamb of God," and imagine such a discourse so delivered,
and they will not marvel when told that when Robert Hall
preached "the place of worship was crowded to excess,'
and that men considered the hearing of one sermon cheaply
purchased by the loss of two nights' rest. A writer in
The Pulpit," who enjoyed the privilege of hearing Mr.
Hall's sermon on the Power of God," thus describes it:
"It was, without exception, the most wonderful sermon I ever
heard. Every quality which could have been called into exercise
on such an occasion seemed concentrated in this one sermon. Pro-
foundly metaphysical. without bewildering himself or his hearers,
and elegant without the shadow of affectation-rapid in delivery,
without confusion-energetic, without rant-derout, without en-
thusiasm-commanding, without austerity-affectionate, without
yond what it is possible to conceive of pulpit eloquence.”
cant-argumentative. without pedantry; the whole effect was be
**
Another writer gives us a speaking picture of this great
orator:
"Ilis figure was not commanding: the general cast of his coun-
tenance was heavy; his voice was feeble and tremulous, and in-
capable, in itself, of expressing or conveying any deep emotion.
About action or gesture he was perfectly indifferent; he usually
began in so low a tone as to be scarcely audible; and preserved. to
the last, one fixed, though unconstrained. position. As he was
warmed with his subject. his countenance became animated, and
his voice, still retaining its character of breezy softness, swelled
into a volume of delightful melody. While he was preaching,
such was the unassuming simplicity of his style and manner, and
natural fervour with which he carried his hearers along, that they
entirely lost sight of the man for the moment. As he approached
the end of his discourse. he became peculiarly animated, though
not declamatory.-his audience were interested. and.with a rapidity
of utterance which fixed the reporter. like a statue, in admiration,
and frequently defied all attempts at writing, he poured forth the
various stores of his vast imagination, and produced an effect of
which few can conceive who have not witnessed it themselves."
Mr. Bosworth tells us
"When he began, he was usually calm and collected; speaking
in a low tone, and looking onward as he went, as if to survey afresh
the region of thought he was about to traverse, but not often gir.
ing an indication of those torrents of eloquence that were soon to
be poured from his lips. Sometimes. at the commencement, he
hesitated, and seemed perplexed, as if dissatisfied with what he
had intended to say; at others, when he was about to establish a
765
HAL
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trutb or enforce a general principle, he would enter upon a course | dissenters, has long been justly ranked with the highest of our
of clear and powerful reasoning, rendered equally attractive and
classics. His sermons are admirable specimens of pulpit eloquence,
astonishing by the delectable purity and beauty of his style. In not to be surpassed in the whole compass of British theology,
this latter case, his sentences were finished with such exquisite Those which received the author's own imprimatur are vastly su
care, that he appeared to have selected, not merely the most appro-perior to any that are either taken from his MSS. or supplied from
priate, but the only, words which served his purpose, and yet the notes of short-hand writers."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
delivered with such freedom and ease, that they seemed the first We quote some comparisons instituted between Hall and
which came into his mind. As he proceeded, he increased in ani- other writers. On these expressed opinions we forbear to
mation and strength of utterance: in the application of the prin- make any comment. Some of our readers will unhesi-
ciples he had advanced, or the doctrine he bad discussed. he grew
more intense and ardent; and when he had risen to a certain pitch
of holy excitement, his brow would expand, his countenance
brighten, and, drawing back his majestic form in the pulpit, he
would come forward again, charged with the fulness of his mes-
sage to his hearers, and address them in tones and language which
made every heart vibrate. But it was not with his lips only that
he spoke his eloquence was more intellectual and spiritual than
audible sounds could make it. His speaking eye told volumes:
whether beaming with benignity, or blazing with intense and hal-
lowed feeling, that eye indicated sentiments and emotions which
words were not made to express.`
tatingly concur with them; others will qualify, and not a
few stoutly contest them.
"Hall's style is as purely English as Addison's, without its oc-
casional inaccuracy and pervading fulness; as energetic as War-
burton's, without his coarseness, and, we may add. as classical as
Burke's, without his pomp and artificialness."-Lon. Eclectic Rev.
for 1832.
.,
"The richness, variety, and extent of his knowledge are not so
remarkable as his absolute mastery over it. He moves about in
the loftiest sphere of contemplation, as though he were native
and endued to its element.' Ile uses the finest classical allusions,
the noblest images, and the most exquisite words, as though they
were those which came first to his mind, and which formed his
natural dialect. There is not the least appearance of straining
after greatness in his most magnificent excursions, but he rises to
the loftiest heights with a childlike ease. His style is one of the
clearest and simplest-the least encumbered with its own beauty
-of any which ever has been written.”—From a paper by Sir T.
N. Talfourd, on Pulpit Oratory, in the London Magazine, February,
1821, and quoted in "The Georgian Era,” i. 465, 466.
A clerical critic tells us that,
"Although Mr. Hall possessed considerable learning, he rarely
displayed it; generally preferring the most simple phrases he could
select, to express his meaning, to those of a less familiar or more
ambitious class. On one occasion, being called upon to conclude
a service with prayer, after a sermon by Dr. Chalmers, who had
been even more than ordinarily brilliant, he clothed his address
to the Deity with such affecting plainness of style, that the con-
gregation, who had been wrought up to a painful pitch of admira-
tion by the dazzling eloquence of the preacher, felt a delightful
repose in the chaste, natural, tender simplicity of language in
which Mr. Hall embodied his supplications."
The reader will no doubt be pleased to read more upon
this theme:
"The bold diction, the majestic gait of the sentence, the vivid
illustration, the rebuke which could scathe the offender, the burst
of honest indignation at triumphant vice, the biting sarcasm, the
fervid appeal to the heart, the sagacious development of principle,
the broad field of moral vision-all these distinguish the composi-
tions of Robert Hall; and we bear our most willing testimony to
their worth."-Lon. Quarterly Review.
6.
The same critic remarks that, in the Discourse on the
Prospect of an Invasion by Napoleon, Mr. Hall
"Blends the finest remembrance of the antique world—the dearest
associations of British patriotism-and the pure spirit of the Gospel
-in a strain as noble as could have been poured out by Tyrtæus."
His mind is little to be envied, if from the perusal of Robert
Hall he do not find himself a more accomplished, a wiser, and a
better man."-Church of England Quarterly Review.
6.
"He is more massive than Addison, more easy and uncon-
strained than Johnson, more sober than Burke."-Lon. Quar.
Rev.
"He had the intellect of an angel, the piety of a saint, and the
humility of a worm."
|
"One of the most able of modern writers, with a clear, argu-
mentative, powerful, masculine mind, and a correct statement of
evangelical truth; ... of similar views in general doctrine to Scott
and Fuller. . . . A powerful and faithful writer, excepting his
political pamphlets, which are a beacon to warn ministers from
such subjects. . . . A remarkable`vigour of intellect and power
of language distinguish his writings.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
<
"His diction displays an unlimited command, and an exquisite
choice, of language. His copious use of Scripture phrases bestows
upon his style an awful sanctity. The same purity of taste which
appears in his choice of words is equally apparent in the forms of
expression into which they are combined. The turn of his phrases
is gracefully idiomatic. In the construction of his periods, he is,
perhaps, superior to any other writer. He seems to bave employed
every elegant and harmonious form of which the language admits;
always gratifying, often ravishing, the ear, but never cloying it."
"In his higher flights, what he said of Burke might, with the
slightest deduction, be applied to himself, that his imperial fancy
laid all nature under tribute, and collected riches from every
scene of the Creation and every walk of art;' [see BURKE, in this
volume,] and at the same time, that could be affirmed of Mr. Hall
which could not be affirmed of Mr. Burke, that he never fatigued
and oppressed by gaudy and superfluous imagery. Iis inex-
haustible variety augmented the general effect. The same images,
the same illustrations, scarcely ever recurred.”—DR. Gregory.
"It is to be observed that imagination had always been a sub-
ordinate faculty in his mental constitution. It was never of that
prolific power which threw so vast profusion over the oratory of
Jeremy Taylor or of Burke; or which could tempt him to revel,
for the pure indulgence of the luxury, as they appear to have
sometimes done, in the exuberance of imaginative genius. As a
preacher, none of his contemporaries who have not seen him in
the pulpit, or of his readers in another age, will be able to con
ceive an adequate idea of Mr. Hall. . . . He displayed in a most
The originality with which he views every subject, and the eminent degree the rare excellence of a perfect conception and
master-hand with which he grasps it, are altogether very remark-expression of every thought, however rapid the successiou."-
able. He follows in no track of other men; neither his thoughts JOHN FOSTER.
nor his language are borrowed. A prodigious power of memory
in the use of Scripture, an exquisite judgment in the disposition
of his materials, are united with a boldness of conception, and a
creative force of imagination, which stamp an impress of origi-
nality and independence on all his reasonings."-A writer in the
Lon. Christian Observer.
"I cannot do better than refer the academic reader to the im-
mortal works of Robert Hall. For moral grandeur, for Christian
truth, and for sublimity, we may doubt whether they have their
match in the sacred oratory of any age or country.”—Professor
Sedgwick, in his Discourse on the Studies of the University.
•
The works of this great preacher are. in the highest sense of
the term, imaginative; as distinguished not only from the didactic,
but the fanciful. He possesses the vision and faculty divine' in
as high a degree as any of our writers in prose. Ilis noblest pas-
sages do but make truth visible in the form of beauty, and clothe
upon abstract ideas until they become palpable in exquisite shapes.
The dullest writer would not convey same so few
words as he has done in the most sublime of his illustrations.”-
SIR T. N. TALFOURD: Pulpit Oratory, in Lon. Mag., Feb. 1821.
"The sermons and treatises which he committed to the press
are worthy of his elevated character, and will ever rank among the
choicest specimens of sacred literature. They show the strength
and beauty of which the English language is capable.”—Dr. Wil-
liams's C. P.
6.
Hear Dugald Stewart, in the same strain :
"Whoever wishes to see the English language in its perfection
must read the writings of that great divine, Robert Hall. He
combines the beauties of Johnson, Addison, and Burke, without
their imperfections.”
The excellence of Mr. Hall does not consist in the predominance
of any one of his powers, but in the exquisite proportion and har-
mony of all,”—SIR T. N. TALFOURD: see ante.
"ilall. the most distinguished ornament of the Calvinistic
For Hall's opinion of Dugald Stewart, see Memoir by
If
Dr. Gregory: we have not room for an extract here.
these criticisms savour of extravagance, we think the one
subjoined hardly does Mr. Hall justice:
"Hall is, even in print, much of the orator; although his lan-
guage, with all its richness, betrays, in his published writings,
symptoms of anxious elaboration. Probably there could not be
cited from him any thing equal in force or originality to some
passages of Foster's, but it would still more certainly be impossible
to detect him indulging in feeble commonplaces."-SPALDING:
Hist. of Eng. Lit.
An ardent admirer of Hall declares that
K
...
"We know no one whose style is so strictly after the classic
model. Like the ancient statuary, its high finish proves that it
must have been elaborated: but all art is hidden."-A contributor
to the Church of Ireland May.
"His published sermons will always be ranked amongst the
finest specimens of pulpit eloquence ever given to the world. And
yet the unanimous testimony of all who heard him is that his
discourses when spoken in the fervid glow of imagination and
when the mind was full of the subject, were far superior to what
was afterwards recorded from his own memory or the notes of
others.”—DR. JAMIESON; Cyc, of Mod. Rel. Biog.
"In the eloquence of the pulpit, Robert Hall comes nearer
Massillon than either Cicero or Eschines to Demosthenes.”—LORD
BROUGHAM.
ham's contributions to the Edin. Review, i. 100. And see
See also an essay on Pulpit Eloquence in Lord Broug-
articles in the Eclec. Rev., iv. s. xv. 169; N. Brit. Rev.,
ham's contributions to the Edin. Review, i. 100.
iv. 54; N. Amer. Rev., 1xiv. 384. See also John Greene's
Reminiscences of Robert Hall, and sketches of his Ser-
mons preached at Cambridge prior to 1806, Lon., 1832,
Svo; also, Hall's Miscellaneous Works and Remains, 1846,
sm. 8vo, and Gilfillan's 1st and 3d Galleries of Literary
Portraits.
"Mr. Hall, like Bishop Taylor, has the eloquence of an orator,
the fancy of a poet, the acuteness of a schoolman, the profound-
ness of a philosopher, and the piety of a saint."-Dr. Parr's
Spital.Sermon.
We conclude this imposing array of distinguished com-
mendations by the testimony of Hall's attached friend
and sincere mourner, Sir James Mackintosh. From this
when "what shadows we are!"-Sir James was gathered
accomplished person a biography of Hall was expected,
to his fathers, and became himself the theme of an epitaph
and the subject of the biographer's pen!
766
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HAL
"His sermons are distinguished by solid and profound philo-
sophy, and breathe a spirit of humility, piety, and charity, worthy
of that pure and divine religion to the defence of which the
author has consecrated his talents. Ilis eloquence is of the highest
order, the natural effusion of a fertile imagination and of an
ardent mind, while his style is easy, various, and animated. On
a review of all his various excellencies, we cannot but expect with
confidence that the name of Robert Hall will be placed by pos-
terity among the best writers of the age, as well as the most
vigorous defenders of religious truth, and the brightest examples
of Christian charity."
There have been several publications of portions of Hall's
works, and a number of collective editions. Works, with
a Memoir of the author by Dr. O. Gregory, and Observa-
tions on his character as a preacher, by John Foster, Lon.,
1831-33, 6 vols. Svo; 1839, 6 vols. 8vo; 1845, 6 vols. 8vo;
1846, 6 vols. fp. 8vo; 11th ed., 1853, 6 vols. 8vo. Con-
tents Vol. I. Sermons; Charges; Circular-Letters. II.
Works on terms of Communion; Difference between
Christian Baptism and the Baptism of John; Reply to
Kinghorn, being a Further Vindication of Free Com-
munion. III. Christianity Consistent with Love of Free-
dom; Apology for the Freedom of the Press; On the
renewal of the Charter of the East India Company; Ap-
peal in behalf of the Frame-work Knitters' Fund; Reply
to Objections against this Society; Slavery in the West
Indies; Fragments; Christian in opposition to Party
Communion; Miscellaneous Pieces. IV. Articles from the
Eclectic Review; Miscellaneous Pieces. V. Notes of
Sermons; Letters. VI. Memoir by Gregory; Hall's Cha-
racter, by Foster; Sermons; Index.
"Are there any of you, my readers, who have not read the Life
of Robert Hall? If so, when found, make a note of it. Never
mind your theological opinion, orthodox or heterodox-send for
Robert Hall! It is the life of a man that it does good to man-
hood itself to contemplate."—Sir E. Bulwer Lytton's Caxtons, vol.
ii. p. 121.
+
Hall, S. R., of the Seminary for Teachers, Andover.
1. The Instructor's Manual, Bost., 1851, 16mo. 2. Lects.
on Education, Lon., 12mo. 3. Geography for Children,
N. York, 18mo.
Hall, S. S., Counsellor-at-Law, N. Orleans. Bliss of
Marriage; or, How to get a Rich Wife, N. Orleans, 1858,12mo.
Hall, Samuel Carter, editor of the Art Journal,
b. at Topsham, Devon, in 1800, has edited The Book of
Gems, The Book of British Ballads, Royal Gems from the
Galleries of Europe, Baronial Halls, &c., but is best known
by his share in an illustrated work on Ireland, written in
conjunction with his wife. See HALL, MRS. SAMUEL
CARTER, No. 11.
"We may say, on the whole, that the literary. legendary, and
antiquarian portions of the work are compiled with laudable dili-
gence; the illustrations are, for the most part, clear and interest-
Ing: and the statements and opinions are in general as sensible,
candid, and trustworthy, as could be expected from writers who
fairly confess their unwillingness to say any thing discreditable
to the country and the majority of its people."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
Sept. 1849.
Mr. Hall was formerly the editor of The Amulet, The
New Monthly Magazine, and The British Magazine. He
has assisted Mrs. Hall in several works, in addition to the
one above noticed.
Hall, Mrs. Samuel Carter, formerly Miss Ann
Maria Fielding, wife of the preceding, is a native of
Wexford, Ireland, but removed to London at the early age of
fifteen. As a graphic delineator of Irish peculiarities, and
a skilful painter of those domestic experiences which are
much alike among all nations, Mrs. Hall bus acquired
great reputation. The following are her principal works:
1. Sketches of Irish Character, 1829, r. Svo; 1844, r. Svo;
1846, r. Svo; 1849, r. Svo; 1854, 8vo. 2. Chronicles of a
School-Room, 1830, 12mo. 3. Sketches of Irish Character:
Series Second, 1831; see No. 1. 4. The Buccaneer; a
Novel, 1832, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1849, fp. Svo. 5. Tales of
Woman's Trials, 1834, r. Svo; 1846. r. Svo; 1852, 8vo.
6. The Outlaw; a Novel, 1835, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1848, fp.
Svo. 7. Uncle Horace; a Novel, 1835, 3 vols. p. Svo. 8.
Lights and Shadows of Irish Life, 1838, 3 vols. p. Svo.
9. Marian; or, A Young Maid's Fortunes, 1840, 3 vols. p.
Svo; 1847, 12mo. 10. Tales of the Irish Peasantry, 1840,
8vo. 11. Ireland, its scenery, character, &c., 1841–43,
3 vols. imp. 8vo. See HALL, SAMUEL CARTER. 12. The
White Boy; a Novel, 1845, 2 vols. p. Svo. 13. Midsummer
Eve; a Tale of Love, 1847, Svo. 14. Pilgrimages to Eng-
14. Pilgrimages to Eng-
lish Shrines, 1850, Svo. 15. Popular Tales and Sketches:
18 Tales, now first collected for the "Amusing Library,"
1850. As stated in the preceding article, Mrs. Hall has
published several works in conjunction with her husband.
She has also written several minor dramas, of which the
first-the French Refugee-was brought out with great
success in London in 1837. Mrs. Hall has also been a large
contributor to the periodicals of the day. We auote some
opinions respecting the merits of this popular writer.
“Mrs. Hall has already shown her fitness for the task by an in-
timate acquaintance with that class of Irish life which affords the
animated portion of her descriptions. She paints the peasantry
and working-classes of the country with fidelity, and her pen is
powerfully assisted by the productions of the pencil which she
has called to her aid."-Lon. Athenæum: notice of Sketches of
Irish Character.
The Irish Sketches of this lady resemble considerably Miss
Mitford's beautiful English sketches in Our Village; but they are
more vigorous and picturesque, and bright with an animated and
warm nationality, apologetic and defensive. which Miss Mitford,
writing of one class of English to another, had no occasion to use."
-Blackwood's Mag., vol. lxxvii.
"Mrs. Hall is really a charining writer; and her Irish stories
more especially-not at all like Miss Edgeworth's Tales or Crofton
Croker's Fairy Legends, both admirable in their way-are full of
life and character, with that mixture of humour and pathos
which seems the native temperament of the children of Erin.”-
Lon. Eclectic Rev.
..
"In her Irish stories Mrs. Hall excels. Her rustic maidens are
copied from the cottage; nothing can be more faithful and lively :
nor are her hinds and husbandmen any thing inferior. We no-
where see the Irish character more justly or so pleasantly repre-
sented. She sees Nature in her proper dimensions; there is fancy,
but no exaggeration, and life always."-ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog,
and Crit. Hist. of Lit. of the Last Fifty Years.
"There is about them [Tales of Woman's Trials] a still, and a
solemn, and a holy, beauty that is worthy of the sacred subject
which they illustrate; and what subject is better fitted to appeal
to every generous sympathy, to every tender emotion, of man's
nature? What subject better fitted to be delineated by woman's
pen?"-Dubl. Univ. Mag., vii. 205–213.
"Whatever expectations the name of Lights and Shadows of
Irish Life may excite in the reader from its resemblance to the
name of the exquisite volumes on Scottish Life which bear a simi-
lar title, it is not too much to say they will be satisfied."—Ibid.,
xil. 218–225.
It is indeed high praise which has been awarded to this
lady, that
"There is, also, in every thing she has published, the still higher
merit-and without which all other pretensions to praise are worse
than indifferent—of belonging to the most unexceptionable school
of morals. She never tries to enlist our sympathies on the side of
vice."-Dubl. Univ. Mog., xvi. 146-147.
See this notice of Mrs. Hall's writings, accompanied by
her portrait; see also same periodical, vols. vii. 205-213;
xii. 218-225; xiv. 477-479. And see a notice of Mrs. Hall,
accompanied by a portrait, in Fraser's Mag., xv. 718; Lon.
Month Rev. for May, 1831; Lon. Athenæum, 1842, p. 188.
Hall, Mrs. Sarah, 1761–1830, a lady of great virtues
and accomplishments, a native of Philadelphia, was a
daughter of the Rev. John Ewing, D.D., for many years
Provost of the University of Pennsylvania and Pastor of
the First Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia. In 1782
Miss Ewing was married to Mr. John Hall, of Maryland,
and after this event resided alternately in the latter State
and in Philadelphia, with the exception of four years
passed in Lamberton, New Jersey. Mrs. Hall is best
known as the author of Conversations on the Bible, of
which four edits. were pub. in this country and one or two
in London; 1st edit., 1818, 18mo. A 2d vol. was added
and the whole issued in 1821, 2 vols. 1Smo: 5th ed., 1837,
12mo, pp. 360. This volume has been highly commended:
..
This work is written with that ease and simplicity which be
longs to true genius, and contains a fund of information which
could only have been collected by diligent research and mature
thought."-PROFESSOR JOHN S. HART, of Philadelphia.
Mrs. Hall was a contributor to the Portfolio, of which
her son, John E. Hall, was for more than ten years the
editor; and her essays and criticisms pub. in that peri-
odical
(6
May readily be distinguished, as well by their vivacity as the
classic purity of their diction.”—Mrs. S. J. IIALE.
A small vol., containing selections from her miscella
neous writings, was pub. in Philadelphia in 1833, r. 18mo,
by her son, Mr. Harrison Hall. This vol. contains a
sketch of her life, to which we must refer the reader for
further information respecting this accomplished woman,
brilliant writer, and devout Christian. See also Hart's
Female Prose Writers of America; Mrs. Hale's Records
of Women; Duyckineks' Cye. of Amer. Lit.
Four of Mrs. Hall's sons form the subjects of notices in
this Dictionary:-1. HARRISON HALL. 2. JUDGE JAMES
HALL. 3. JOHN E. HALL. 4. THOMAS MIFFLIN HALL.
Hall, Sidney. 1. General Atlas, 53 maps. New ed.,
Lon., 1855, fol.
• The best and most recent authorities are in all cases consulted,
and the maps are engraved in a masterly manner."-Lon. New
Month. Mag.
Atlas, 1851.
2. County Atlas. New ed., 1846. 3. Travelling County
The best we have seen for neatness, portability, aud clover
engraving."-Westminster Rev.
4. First or Elementary Atlas, 1849, 4to. Mr. Hall er.
·
767
HAL
HAL
graved the maps of E. Quin's Historical Atlas, 4th ed.,
1853, r. 4to.
Hall, Thomas, 1610-1665, a native of Worcester, a
Puritan divine, Curate of King's-Norton, pub. several
theolog. works and translations, and strictures on the cus-
toms of the day, of which the following are among the
best known-1. The Loathsomeness of Long Hair; with
an Appendix against Painting, Spots, Naked Backs and
Breasts, &c., Lon., 1654, Svo. 2. Vindicia Literarum,
1654, 55, Svo. 3. Comment. on the 3d and 4th Chap. of
the 2d Epist. of Timothy, 1658, fol.
"Elaborate and judicious: the sum of nigh thirty years' study."
-CALAMY.
4. Fvnebria Floria; or, The Downfall of May-Games, &c.,
1660, '61, 4to. 5. Comment. on Hosea xiii. 12-16. 6. Com-
ment. on Matt. v. 14, 1660, 4to.
Hall, Thomas. Serms., 1742-59.
Hall, Thomas. Poems, 1792, &c.
Hall, Thomas, M.D. Con. to Ann. of Med., 1799,
1800.
Hall, Thomas Mifflin, lost at sea in 1828, a son of
Mrs. Sarah Hall, and a brother of Harrison, James, and
John E. Hall, (see ante,) contributed a number of poetical
and scientific pieces to The Port-Folio.
Hall, Timothy, d. 1690, consecrated Bishop of Ox-
ford, 1688. 1. Serm., 1684, 4to. 2. Serm., 1689, 4to.
Hall, W. Serm., in Catholick Serms., ii. 183.
Hall, W. J. 1. Doctrine of Purgatory, Lon., 1843, Svo.
"This is a work of much ability, erudition, and clear arrange
ment,--a most acute, able, and unsparing exposure of error."-Lon.
Churchman's Rev.
2. Family Prayers, 1847. '48, 8vo.
Hall, Willard. Laws of Delaware to 1829, inclu-
sive, Wilming., 1829, 8vo.
Hall, Wm. To find the Longitude, Lon., 1714, 8vo.
Hail, Wm. Halo of the Moon, Trans. Soc. Edin.,
1796, and in Nich. Jour., 1799.
Hall, Wm. Costs at Law in Equity and Parl., Lon.,
1828, Svo.
Hall, Capt. Wm. H., R.N., and W. D. Bernard.
The Nemesis in China, comprising a Hist. of the War in
that country; 3d ed., Lon.. 1848, p. 8vo.
<C
Captain Hall's narrative of the services of the Nemesis is full
of interest, and will, we are sure, be valuable hereafter, as afford-
ing most curious materials for the history of steam navigation."
Lon. Quar. Rev.
:
"This is the most important publication that has appeared
respecting our late contest with China."-Lon. Naval and Military
Gazelle.
Hall, Wm. Henry, d. 1807, compiled an Encyclo-
pædia, and was the author of several other works.
1. View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages,
Lon., 1818, 2 vols. 4to; 10th ed., 1853, 3 vols. 8vo; 1ìth
ed., 1855, 3 vols. cr. Svo. In these edits. the Supple.
mental Notes pub. in an octavo vol. in 1848 have been
incorporated with the original work, partly at the foot of
the pages, partly at the close of each chapter.
:
.
It is the object of the present work to exhibit, in a series of
historical dissertations, a comprehensive survey of the chief cir-
cumstances that can interest a philosophical inquirer during the
period usually denominated the Middle Ages. Such an under-
taking must necessarily fall under the class of bistorical abridg
ments: yet there will perhaps be found enough to distinguish it
from such as have already appeared." See Preface to First Edition.
Mr. Hallam's View comprises the period from the middle
of the fifth to the end of the fifteenth century: from the
establishment of Clovis in Gaul to the invasion of Italy by
Charles the Eighth.
Hall, Wm. W., M.D., b. 1810, at Paris, Kentucky,
grad. at Centre Coll., 1830; received the degree of M.D. at
Transylvania Univ., 1836. 1. Treatise on Cholera, Svo.
2. Bronchitis and Kindred Diseases, 8th ed., N. York,
1853, Svo. Dr. Hall is the editor of the Journal of Health
which bears his name.
• It would be diflicult to appreciate exactly the merits, and in-
vidious to point out the defects. of the numerous precursors of Mr.
Hallam in this brauch of historical investigation. It is sufficient
to remark that the plan of his work is more extensive than that
of our countryman. Dr. Robertson, its arrangement more strictly
historical, its views more comprehensive, and its information more
copious and critical. Mr. Hallam appears to have bestowed much
with the early chronicles and original histories of the Barbarians,
time and reflection on his subject. . . . To a familiar acquaintance
Mr. Hallam has added a diligent examination of their laws; and
wherever records throw their steady and certain light on the pro-
gress of events, he has consulted them with care. But it is not
the labour and industry employed by Mr. Hallam in the composi-
tion of this work, nor even the valuable and interesting informa
tion it contains, that constitute its chief or peculiar merit. It is
written throughout with a spirit of freedom and liberality that do
credit to the author. A firm but temperate love of liberty, an
enlightened but cautious philosophy, form its distinguished ex-
cellence. We never find the author attempting to palliate injus-
tice or excuse oppression: and whenever he treats of popular
rights, or pronounces on the contentions of subjects with their
sovereigns, we meet with a freedom and intrepidity of discussion
that remind us of better times. But, though a decided enemy to
the encroachments of arbitrary power, Mr. Hallam is no infatuated
admirer of antient turbulence nor blind apologist of popular ex-
cesses. If, indeed, there is any quality of his work that merits
our unqualified approbation, it is the spirit of fairness and im
partiality that pervades the whole. We have sometimes found
him careless, and have sometimes thought him in the wrong; but
we have not met with an uncandid misrepresentation, an ungene
rous sentiment, or a narrow-minded prejudice, in his book."-
Edin. Rev.. xxx. 140–172.
··
"The most complete and highly-finished of his valuable works.
It is a series of finely-drawn historical sketches."-N. Amer. Rev.
"An able and interesting performance, connected in a good
measure with our earlier history. . . . His work is a sort of intro-
duction to the earlier histories of the ensuing countries, [France,
Spain. Portugal. Italy, and Germany.] and should be read with
promptitude and diligence by every one interested in such studies.
The notes are full of erudition.”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825.
Hallam, Arthur Henry, 1811-1833, a grandson of
Sir Abraham Elton, and a son of the distinguished author of
A View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, &c.,
was born in London, graduated at Trin. Coll., Cambridge,
1832, entered the Middle Temple, and died in Germany in
September, 1833. An interesting biographical sketch of this
gifted young man, written by his father, is prefixed to The
Remains, in Verse and Prose, of Arthur Henry Hallam,
"All the subjects that have been glanced at in these earlier
Lon., 1834. Privately printed. Mr. Hallam was betrothed lectures are there [in Hallam's work on the Middle Ages] tho-
to a sister of the poet Tennyson, and the In Memoriam of | roughly considered by this author with all the patience of an
the latter is a dirge for the departed. See estimate of the antiquarian and the spirit aud sagacity of a philosopher: the
literary character of young Hallam in the North British
French history-the feudal system,-the history of Italy,-the
Review, xiv. 261; Lon. Gent. Mag., Oct. 1852: 353; Black-history of Spain, the history of Germany-of the Greeks and
Saracens.—the history of ecclesiastical power,—the constitutional
wood's Mag., xxxviii. 738. See also Lockhart's Life of history of England, the Anglo-Saxon and the Anglo-Norman,—
Scott for a specimen of young Hallam's poetical powers.
"The State of Europe during the Middle Ages is full of in-
formation for all who desire to be informed of the political and
social condition of those kingdoms and states which arose out of
emerging from confusion, the decisions of law taking place of
the ruins and ashes of the empire of Rome. To show order
those of violence and passion, and a line of defence raised to pro-
tect the weak and the peaceable against the strong and the tyran-
nous, was the task which Hallam assigned to himself; and he has
accomplished all he undertook."-Allan Cunningham's Crit. and
Bigg. Hist. of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years.
afterwards to the end of the civil wars between the Roses,-with
a concluding dissertation on the state of society during the Middle
Ages. I should have been saved many a moment of fatigue, some
almost of despair. if these volumes had appeared before I began
my Lectures.”—Prof. Smyth's Lects, on Mod. Hist.: Lect. VIII.
"Mr. Hallam's View of the State of Europe during the Middle
Ages is indispensable to the historical student."-Warren's Luw
Stwlies.
Hallam, Henry, LL.D., one of the most distin-
guished of modern authors, was born about 1778, and was
educated at Eton and Oxford. After leaving college he
settled in London, which has ever since been his principal
place of residence. He was a valued friend of Sir Walter
Scott, and the two were engaged about the same time as
contributors to the Edinburgh Review. As a zealous co-
operator with William Wilberforce in the abolishment of
the Slave Trade, Mr. Hallam gained great and deserved
reputation. Mr. Hallam is a Foreign Associate of the
Institute of France. In 1830 he received one of the two
fifty-guinea gold medals instituted by George IV. for emi-
nence in historical composition. The other was awarded
to our celebrated countryman, Washington Irving. Mr.
Hallam is the author of three great works, either of which
is of sufficient merit to confer upon the author literary
immortality.
"Mr. Hallam has not made his work so much a regular history
as a characteristic portraiture of the times to which it refers. It
has not the sterile dryness of an abridgment, though it does not
possess the fertile copiousness of a circumstantial narrative: but
it is instructive. Juminous, and animated; and it may be perused
with profit as well as amusement."-Lon. Month. Rev., 1xxxvii. 1-
14, 186-150.
.
"A work of profound research, and displaying a free and vigor-
ous spirit of inquiry and criticism.”—CHANCellor Kent.
"The learned author, in his View of the State of Europe during
the Middle Ages, investigates, with great ability, the origin and
progress of the English Constitution, commencing with the Anglo-
Saxons, and carried down to the extinction of the Iouse of Plan-
tagenet. Vide vol. iii. chap. viil. His work entitled The Con-
stitutional History of England from the accession of Henry VII.
to the death of George II. is the sequel of that history through
a much more important period: the whole of which forms a more
thorough, learned, and impartial view of the subject than is else
ver's library, and merit to be studied, not merely read.”—Hoffman's
where to be found. These two works ought to be in every law-
Leg. Stu.
768
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"Notwithstanding the interesting character of the Aragonese
Constitution, and the amplitude of materials for its history, the
subject has been hitherto neglected, as far as I am aware, by con-
tinental writers. Robertson and Hallam, more especially the latter,
have given such a view of its prominent features to the English
reader, as must, I fear, deprive the sketch which I have attempted.
in a great degree, of novelty."-WM. H. PRESCOTT: Ferdinand and
Isabella, 11th ed.; Introduc. to vol. i. 124.
"Do you know Hallam? Of course, I need not ask you if you
have read his Middle Ages? It is an admirable work, full of re-
search, and does Hallam honour. I know no one capable of having
written it, except him; for, admitting that a writer could be found
who could bring to the task his knowledge and talents, it would
be difficult to find one who united to these his research, patience.
and perspicuity of style. The reflections of Hallam are at once just
and profound, his language well chosen and impressive. I remem-
ber being struck with a passage, where. touching on the Venetians,
he says, Too blind to avert danger, too cowardly to withstand it.
the most ancient government of Europe made not an instant's
resistance. The peasants of Underwald died upon their moun-
tains; the nobles of Venice clung only to their lives.' This is the
style in which history ought to be written, if it is wished to im-
press it on the memory."-LORD BYRON: Ludy Blessington's Con-
versations with Lord B.
(
2. The Constitutional History of England, from the Ac-
cession of Henry VII. to the Death of George II., 1827,
2 vols. 4to; 7th ed., 1854, 3 vols. 8vo; 8th ed., 1855, 3 vols.
er. 8vo.
Lord Brougham falls into an error, in commenting on
the principal theme discussed in this work, hardly to be
expected from one who has devoted so much attention to
its subject-matter. His lordship assigns as one of his
principal reasons for entering at large, in his Political
Philosophy, into the earlier stages of the British Con-
stitution, Mr. Hallam's having commenced his work with
the reign of Henry VII.:
"His treatise, and that of Lord John Russell, bave one great
defect in common:-they begin with the Tudors. Now, it is quite
undeniable that the foundations of our constitution were laid
many centuries before the fifteenth; nor can any one hope tho
roughly to comprehend it who has not gone back to the earlier
times. I have never been able to understand why those able and
learned authors have both begun with Henry VII.”
But had his lordship not forgotten Chapter VIII. of The
Middle Ages? See Mr. Warren's correction of this grave
error, Law Studies, 2d ed., 269, 270.
In his disquisitions into the theology, the politics, and
the learning of the Middle Ages, Mr. Hallam was not
likely to provoke any other criticism than that which was
connected with the subjects discussed without reference to
prejudice or party feeling. But he could not write The
Constitutional History of England without soon proving
to himself and to the world that he was walking upon
ashes under which the fire was not extinguished:
"Incedens per ignes
Suppositos cineri doloso.”—IIOR.: Od. II., i. 7.
Mr. Southey, in a review extending over no less than
sixty-six pages, rated the historian in no gentle terms for
his real or alleged offences against historic veracity. We
have room for a brief extract only:
"The book is the production of a decided partisan; presenting
not the history itself, but what is called the philosophy of history,
and to be received with the more suspicion, because it deals in
deductions and not in details. There are many ways in which
history may be rendered insidious; but there is no other way by
which an author can, with so much apparent good faith, mislead
his readers....
'Unto thee
Let thine own times like an old story be,'
is the advice which Donne gives to him who would derive wisdom
from the course of passing events. A writer of contemporary his-
tory could take no better motto. Mr. Hallam has proceeded upon
a system precisely the reverse of this; and carried into the history
of the past, not merely the maxims of his own age, as infallible
laws by which all former actious are to be tried, but the spirit and
the feeling of the party to which he has attached himself, its acri-
mony and its arrogance, its injustice and its ill-temper."-Lom.
Quar. Rev., xxxvii. 194–260.
It is to this review that Wilberforce refers, when he
says:
"Southey, a bitter critic, and works Hallam with great acute-
ness and force."
But audi alteram partem. The critique from which we
have just quoted was published in January, 1828, and in
the September following there appeared a paper of great
brilliancy and power-with its political merits or demerits
we have here no concern-in the Edinburgh Review, the
production of one who has since himself gained a great
name in the walks of History. It will be seen that his
estimate of Mr. Hallam's honesty as a historian is very
different from that recorded by Mr. Southey:
"Mr. Hallam is, on the whole, far better qualified than any other
writer of our time for the office which he has undertaken. He has
great industry and great acuteness. His knowledge is extensive,
various, and profound. His mind is equally distinguished by the
amplitude of its grasp, and by the delicacy of its tact. Ilis specu-
lations have none of that vagueness which is the common fault of
| political philosophy. On the contrary, they are strikingly practical
They teach us not only the general rule, but the mode of applying
it to solve particular cases. In this respect they often remind us
of the Discourses of Machiavelli.... His work is eminently judiciai.
Its whole spirit is that of the bench, not that of the bar. He sums
up with a calm, steady, impartiality, turning neither to the right
nor to the left, glossing over nothing, exaggerating nothing, while
the advocates on both sides are alternately biting their lips to hear
their conflicting misstatements and sophisms exposed. On a
general survey we do not scruple to pronounce the Constitutional
History to be the most impartial book that we ever read.”—T. B.
MACAULAY: Edin. Rev, xlviii. 96–169.
19
The following testimony to the same effect, from a very
eminent authority, should not be omitted in this con-
nexion:
"Mr. Hallam's Constitutional History of England I must ear-
nestly recommend, for it is a work of great research, great ability,
great impartiality, often of very manly eloquence; the work of an
enlightened lawyer, an accomplished scholar, and a steady assertor
of the best interests of mankind. It is a source of great satisfac-
tion to me that such a work exists, for every page is full of state-
ments and opinions on every topic and character of consequence
since the reign of Henry the Seventh; and these sentiments and
opinions are so learned and well reasoned, that I am quite gratified
to think that the student can now never want a guide and an in-
structor worthy to conduct and counsel him in his constitutional
inquiries. Mr. Hallam is, indeed, a stern and severe critic, and the
student may be allowed to love and honour many of our patriots,
statesmen, and divines, in a more warm and unqualified manner
than does Mr. Hallam; but the perfect calmness of Mr. Hallam's
temperament makes his standard of moral and political virtue
high, and the fitter on that account to be presented to youthful
minds.
"There are objectionable passages, and even strange passages,
more particularly in the notes; but they are of no consequence in
a work of so vast a range, and of so much merit. And Mr. Hallam
may have given offence, which could never have been his inten-
tion, to some good men, to whom their establishments are natu-
rally so dear; but I see not how this was to be avoided, if he was
to render equal justice to all persons and parties. all sects and
churches, in their turn,-and if he was to do his duty, as he has
nobly done, to the civil and religious liberties of his country."-
Prof. Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist., 1828.
A great historian of our own country pays the following
high compliment to Mr. Hallam's treatment of one of the
principal characters of his History:
P
"The unprejudiced reader may perhaps agree that the balance
of this great queen's [Elizabeth good and bad qualities is held
with a more steady and impartial band by Mr. Ilallam than any
preceding writer.”—Wм. H. PRESCOTT: Ferdinand and Isabella, 11th
ed.. iii. 201.
The value of Mr. Hallam's work to the legal student
need hardly be enlarged upon; but here we shall adduce
an authority which will be more valued than our own:
"No one can understand or appreciate this admirable work, who
has not, before entering upon it, become familiar with at least the
leading events of English bistory; and no one has made any sen-
sible advances towards the enviable character of a sound constitu-
tional lawyer, who is not thoroughly familiar with the work. Not.
that it is altogether free from error; but where is to be found any
other political author exhibiting such a rare union of candour,
learning, and sagacity, as characterizes this bold and independent
writer?"-Warren's Law Studies, 2d ed., 208, 269.
See Allan Cunningham's Crit. and Biog. Hist. of the
Lit. of the Last Fifty Years.
3. Introduction to the Literature of Europe, in Fifteenth,
Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Centuries. 1837–39, 4 vols. Svo;
4th ed., 1854, 3 vols. Svo; 5th ed., 1855-56, 3 vols. cr. Svo.
In the 4th ed. the text was revised, and such errors as the
author discovered were removed. The few additional notes
are distinguished by the dates of the publications of the
different edits. in the years 1842, '47, and '53.
"The advantages of such a synoptical view of literature as dis-
plays its various departments in their simultaneous condition
through an extensive period, and in their mutual dependency,
seem to manifest to be disputed."-Preface.
Mr. Hallam then proceeds to give a rapid sketch of the
bibliography of Literary History.
The most important single volume that it has for some years
been our duty to comment on. By this specimen [vol. i.] Mr. Hal-
lam will confirm the solid and substantial reputation which he had
already gained with all the sound and mature judges of literary
excellence. By his completion of the work with the same care and
in the same spirit, he will enable English literature to boast of the
first full, impartial, and general view of the simultaneous progress
of letters in every part of Europe.”—Lon. Quar. Rev., Iviii. 29–60;
ascribed to Southey, but incorrectly.
Mr. Prescott, noticing the fact that the English have
made but slender contributions to the history of foreign
literature, remarks:
"The deficiency, indeed. is likely to be supplied, to a certain ex-
tent, by the work of Mr. Hallam, now in progress of publication;
the first volume of which-the only one which has yet issued from
the press-gives evidence of the saine curious erudition, acuteness,
honest impartiality, and energy of diction, which distinguish the
other writings of this eminent scholar. But the extent of his
work, limited to four volumes. precludes any thing more than a
survey of the most prominent features of the vast subject which
he has undertaken.”—Review of Chateaubriand's Eng. Lit., N. A.
Rev.. Oct. 1839.
'We quote a few notices of the whole work:
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•••
"The most important contribution to literary history which
English libraries have received for many years. . . . That his work
will be popular we can hardly predict. . . . We have already sug-
gested some defects, to our apprehension, which will materially
impede its present success. To these must be added a dry and
austere style, uniformly clear, indeed, and English, but sometimes
chastised to a degree of tameness, sometimes, though not often,
laboriously figurative, and loaded with rather heavy ornament.
But most assuredly the reader who does not employ it merely to
fill up the leisure of a few hours, but consults it for guidance. and
refers to its authority, will never use it without an augmented
sense of its value, and respect for its author. He will be struck
with the modest simplicity with which its stores of very extensive
erudition are displayed. Ile will be struck with an honesty, even
in the mere conduct of the work, rarely found in publications pre-
tending to any thing like the same amount of research.”—Edin.
Rev., lxxii. 194–226.
"The subject which he has now treated is one of more general
interest than those discussed in his previous publications; and as
the work was known to embody the labors of many years, it was
received with curiosity and respect, and is likely to establish for
him a wide and enduring reputation. . . . We close with the ex-
pression of gratitude to him for undertaking an important and
d.fficult task, and of respect for the ability, learning, and taste
with which it is executed."-FRANCIS BOWEN: N. Amer. Rev., lvi.
41-89.
"This is a production of the greatest value, and distinguished,
like his other work, [on the Middle Ages,] for research, judgment,
taste, and elegance."-CHANCELLOR KENT. See Blackwood's Mag.,
xli. 614; xlix. 150.
We have now quoted a number of testimonies to the
value of Mr. Hallam's Literary History; but we should
display a strange insensibility did we omit to add our
hearty concurrence in the highest commendation which
we have recorded. Undoubtedly many of the most bril-
liant gems of criticism of which our own gallery-the work
now in the reader's hands-can boast, will be found cre-
dited to the distinguished scholar whose name stands at
the head of this article. But, desirous of concluding, as
we commenced and have continued, by offering higher
tribute than our own to the merits of this eminent writer,
and preserving the rule established in our Critical Court
of citing the most competent testimony in each case which
should be presented for judgment, we shall now adduce
the evidence of the historian of Modern Europe, and that
of the author of Ferdinand and Isabella, in favour of the
annalist of the Middle Ages, the Literature of Europe, and
the Constitutional History of England:
"The cold academic style of Robertson may suit the compara-
tive calmness of the eighteenth century, but the fervour and ani-
mation of its close communicated itself to the historical works of
the next. HALLAM was the first historian whose style gave token
of the coming change; his works mark the transition from one age
and style of literature to another. In extent and variety of learn-
ing, and a deep acquaintance with antiquarian lore. the historian
of the Middle Ages may deservedly take a place with the most emi-
nent writers in that style that Europe has produced; but his style
is more imaginative than those of his laborious predecessors, and
a fervent eloquence or poetic expression often reveals the ardour
which the heart-stirring events of his time had communicated to
his disposition."-SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON: Hist. of Europe, 1815-
52, chap. v.
"The most eminent illustrations of the system of historical writ-
ing which we have been discussing that have appeared in Eng-
land in the present century are the works of Mr. Hallam, in which
the author, discarding most of the circumstances that go to make
up mere narrative, endeavours to fix the attention of the reader
on the more importaut features of constitutional policy, employ-
ing his wide range of materials in strict subordination to this pur-
pose."-WM. II. PRESCOTT: N. Amer. Rev., October, 1829.
•
The following little piece of pleasantry of Sydney Smith's
can hardly fail to provoke a smile from the amiable reader:
"In his voyage up the Rhine, Campbell met on the steamboat
the historian of the Middle Ages. 'Hallam is a most excellent
man,' said the poet, in one of his letters; of great acuteness, and
of immense research in reading. I believe him to have neither
gall nor bitterness; and yet he is a perfect boa-contradictor!
His powers of study are like those of the scholars of the Alexan-
drian Academy, whose viscera were alleged to be made of brass.
He baits Sydney Smith himself with his provoking accuracy as to
matters of fact. Smith once said to me, If Hallam were in the
midst of a full assembly of scientific men, and if Euclid were to
enter the room with his Elements under his arm, and were to say,
Gentlemen. I suppose no one present doubts the truth of the
Forty-fifth Proposition of my First Book of Elements, Mr. Ilallam
would say, Yes, I have my doubts.'
Hallam, Robert A., D.D., Rector of St. James's
Church, New London, Conn. Lects. on the Morning
Prayer, Phila., 1856, 12mo. Highly commended.
>>>
Hallaran, Wm.S.,M.D. Insanity, &c., Cork, 1810,8vo.
Hallaway, John. Anatomy, Lon., 1565, 4to.
Halle, H. Fraser. Exact Philosophy, Lon., 1848,
P. 8vo.
|
“A valuable treatise on philosophic reasoning"
In 1821 Mr. Halleck pub. his longest poem,-Fanny,-a
measure of Don Juan.
satire upon the literature and politics of the time, in the
In 1822 and 23 the author
No writer can traverse so wide a field of inquiry with-
out offending somebody; and Bishop Monk, the biographer
of Bentley, to quote his own language, felt himself "ag-
grieved" by a criticism of Mr. Hallam's on his (the bishop's)
notice of Le Clerc. The correspondence between his lord-visited Europe; and it is to the reflections engendered by
ship and Mr. Hallam on this matter will be found in the his travels that we are indebted for the poems on Burns
London Gent. Mag., 1844, Pt. 2, 157-160. A vol. entitled and Alnwick Castle, which, with Marco Bozzaris and some
Literary Essays and Characters; selected from an Intro-
duction to the Literature of Modern Europe, was pub. in
other pieces, were pub. in a vol. in 1827. Another edit.
of his poems appeared in 1836; a third, with illustrations,
London, 1852, 12mo.
in 1847; and a fourth, with additions to the poem Con-
neeticut, in 1852. The table of contents runs as follows:
1. Aluwick Castle. 2. Marco Bozzaris. 3. Burns. 4. Wyo-
ming. 5. On the Death of Joseph Rodman Drake. 6.
Twilight. 7. Psalm CXXXII. 8. To ****. 9. The Field
of the Grounded Arms. 10. Red Jacket. 11. Love. 12. A
Sketch. 13. Domestic Happiness. 14. Magdalen. 15.
From the Italian. 16. Translations from the German of
Goethe. 17. Woman. 18. A Poet's Daughter. 19. Con-
necticut. 20. Music. 21. On the Death of Lieut. Allen.
፰.
22. Fanny. 23. The Recorder.
3. A Fragment.
Epistles, &c.: 1. To Walter Browne, Esq. 2. To ****.
4. Song by Miss. . . 5. Song for the
Drama of the Spy. 6. Address at the Opening of a New
Theatre. 7. The Rhyme of the Ancient Coaster. 8. Lines
to her who can understand them. 9. Extracts from an
10. Notes.
Unpublished Poem.
When we state that the thirty-two pieces above enume-
rated are all contained in a single 12mo vol., in large
print, comprising but about 4000 lines, the point of the
regret so often expressed, that one who can write so well
should write so little, will be immediately understood. It
is certainly not from want of public appreciation that Mr.
Halleck so seldom strikes a lyre from which he evokes
such "eloquent music," for few American poets have been
so highly lauded by critics, few so often read and ardently
admired in the social circles of the land. The narrowness
of our limits is continually restricting the exercise of our
inclination in the way of quotations; but we are not wil-
ling to pass by the name of this graceful and elegant
yet at the same time animated and energetic poet, without
a few lines of comment:
|
Halleck, Fitz-Greene, an eminent American poet,
b. at Guilford, Connecticut, in August, 1795, entered a
banking-house in New York in 1813, and resided in that
city, engaged in mercantile and kindred pursuits, until
1849, when he returned to his native town in Connecticut,
where he now resides. For many years he acted as con-
fidential agent for John Jacob Astor. Mr. Halleck com-
menced contributing to the papers of the day at an early
age, and, when settled in New York, soon became an as-
sociate of the wits of the town, comprising the "mob of
gentlemen who wrote with ease." In 1819 he made the
acquaintance of Joseph Rodman Drake, who was so much
pleased with his new friend that he admitted him into
partnership in the composition of the Croker Papers, pub.
in the New York Evening Post, 1819. The history of
these sprightly sallies has been already referred to in our
notice of the senior partner of this literary firm. The
death of his chosen friend and literary colleague was
mourned by Halleck in those exquisitely beautiful lines—
"Green be the turf above thee,
Friend of my better days!" &c.
A
"There is in his compositions an essential pervading grace, ■
natural brilliancy of wit, a freedom yet refinement of sentiment,
a sparkling flow of fancy, and a power of personification combined
with such high and careful finish, and such exquisite nicety of
taste, that the larger part of them must be regarded as models
almost faultless in the classes to which they belong.”—Griswold's
Poets and Poetry of America.
•
"The poems of Fitz-Greene Halleck, although limited in quan-
tity, are perhaps the best-known and most cherished, especially in
the latitude of New York, of all American verses. The school-
boy and the old Knickerbocker both know them by heart. In his
serious poems, he belongs to the same school as Campbell; and in
his lighter pieces reminds us of Beppo and the best parts of Don
Juan. Fanny, conceived in the latter vein, has the point of a fine
local satire gracefully executed. Burns, and the lines on the death
of Drake, have the beautiful impressiveness of the highest elegiac
verse. Marco Bozzaris is perhaps the best martial lyric in the
language; Red Jacket the most effective Indian portrait; and
Twilight an apt piece of contemplative verse; while Alnwick Castle
combines his grave and gay style with inimitable art and admirable
effect."—Henry T. Tuckerman's Sketch of American Literature.
An exquisite American poet, a most unexceptionable
judge in the premises, ably justifies Mr. Halleck in those
rhythmical inequalities which have sometimes been cen-
sured as inartistic and ungraceful. We give a brief extract:
•
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"He is familiar with those general rules and principles which
are the basis of metrical harmony; and his own unerring taste
has taught him the exceptions which a proper attention to variety
demands. He understands that the rivulet is made musical by
obstructions in its channel. In no poet can be found passages
which flow with more sweet and liquid smoothness; but he knows
very well that to make this smoothness perceived, and to preventive information."-Lm. Atheneum, 1837: 242.
It from degenerating into monotony, occasional roughness must
be interposed.”—WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT.
"It may be said of his compositions, as it can be affirmed of few
American verses, that they have a real innate harmony, some-
thing not dependent on the number of syllables in each line, or
capable of being dissected out into feet, but growing in them, as
it were, and created by the fine ear of the writer. Their senti-
ments, too, are exalted and ennobling; eminently genial and
honest, they stamp the author for a good man and true,—Nature's
aristocracy."-Fraser's Magazine.
For further particulars respecting this delightful writer
and his productions we must refer the reader to the works
above cited; also to Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.; Poe's
Literati; Miss Mitford's Recollections of a Literary Life;
Whipple's Essays and Reviews; H. B. Wallace's Literary
Criticisms, 60-63; New Englander, i. 153; South. Lit.
Messenger, ii. 326; viii. 242; Amer. Quar. Rev., xxi. 399;
Knickerbocker, xxvi. 553; U. States Lit. Mess., vi. 8; In-
ternational Mag., i. 166; iii. 433, 434.
The late Mr. Rogers was an ardent admirer of Mr. Hal-
leck's poetry, and paid a glowing tribute to his genius in
a letter to Washington Irving, read by the latter at a lite-
rary dinner in New York in 1837.
New and complete editions of Mr. Halleck's Poems were
pub. in 1858, by Messrs. Appleton, of N.Y., in 1 vol. 12mo,
and also 1 vol. Svo, illustrated.
Halleck, Lt. H. W. Elements of Military Art and
Science, N. York, 1846, 12mo.
Halley, Edmund, LL.D., 1656-1742, an eminent
mathematician and astronomer, a native of Haggerston,
Shoreditch, London, was educated at St. Paul's School,
and at Queen's College, Oxford. In 1703 he was appointed
Savilian Professor of Geometry at Oxford, and in 1719
succeeded Flamsteed as Astronomer Royal. In 1676 he
pub. his first paper in the Phil. Traus. on the Orbits of the
Primary Planets; in 1679 he pub. his Catalogue of the
Southern Stars; and in 1683 he gave to the world, through
the medium of the Phil. Trans., bis Theory of the Varia-
tion of the Magnetical Compass. In the years 1698-1700
he sailed along the coasts of Africa, America, &c., in order
to test the variation of the needle in different parts of the
world. For a detailed account of his life and publica-
tions,-upon astronomy, mathematics, nat. philos., &c.
we must refer the reader to Biog. Brit.; Birch's Life of
Tillotson; Whiston's Life; Athen. Oxon.; Thompson's
Hist. of the Royal Society; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; an article
by Sir David Brewster in Rich's Cyc. of Univ. Biog. The
Rev. J. S. Rigaud pub., in 1844, A Defence of Edmund
Halley against the Charge of Religious Infidelity: see
NEWTON, SIR ISAAC, p. 1418. Halley excelled in many
departments of learning and scientific research:
While we thought the eulogium of an astronomer, a naturalist,
a scholar, and a philosopher, comprehended our whole subject, we
have been insensibly surprised with the history of an excellent
have been insensibly surprised with the history of an excellent
mariner, an illustrious traveller, an able engineer, and almost a
statesman.”—M. MAIRAN: Éloge upon Halley 1742.
Halley, George. Serms., 1689, 91, '98, all 4to.
Halley, Robert, D.D. 1. Lects. on the Sacraments:
I. Baptism, Lon., 1844, Svo; II. The Lord's Supper, 1851,
'53, Svo.
among the papers of Gibbon, the historian.
the House of Brunswick, 1826, 2 vols. 8vo.
the House of Hanover, 1826, 2 vols. r. 8vo.
Indies, 1837, 8vo.
"Of modest pretensions, but replete with interesting and instruct
To those who should wish to see Cardinal Wiseman's discourses
on this subject refuted in a most masterly manner, we recommend
Dr. Ilalley's volume.”—Lon. Watchman,
Hallet, Dr. Aurora Borealis; Phil. Trans., 1726.
Hallet, Joseph, Jr., 1692-1744, an Arian divine,
pub. answers to the deistical arguments of Chubb, Woolston,
and Morgan, see Leland's Deistical Writers, and several
other works, of which the best-known are 3 vols., 1729,
'32, 36, on the Study of the Holy Scriptures, &c.
Halliwell, James Orchard, an eminent English
archæologist, b. 1821, author and editor of many valuable
works, principally illustrative of past ages, and exhibiting
extensive learning and laborious research. Many of Mr.
Halliwell's volumes were privately printed, and in some
cases only 10 to 25 copies were struck off. 1. Acct. of
Popular Tracts in Capt. Cox's Library, Lon., 1849, 8vo.
2. Acct. of the MSS. in Chetham Library, 1842. 3. Acct.
of the only known MS. of Shakespeare's Plays, 1843, Svo.
4. Ancient Inventories of English Furniture, &c., 1854, 4to.
5. Ancient MSS. in the Public Library, Plymouth, 4to.
7. A Neat
6. Ancient Systems of Notation, 1854, 4to.
Boke about Shakespeare, &c., 1851, 4to. 8. Archæologist:
Journal of Antiquarian Science, Svo. 9. Antiquities, &c.
"Whether the reader shall agree or differ with llallet in many illustrating the Life and Works of Shakespeare, 4to.
of the views which are stated and defended in these volumes, he 10. Cat. of the Contents of the Codex Holbrookianus, 1840,
will not deny their author the praise of deep learning, patient re Svo. 11. Cat. of Proclamations, Broadsides, Ballads, and
search, and originality of mind.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Poems, presented to the Chetham Library by J. O. Halli-
Hallett, Robert. Use of Tobacco-Water in pre- well, 1851, 4to. 12. Character of Sir John Falstaff, 1841,
serving Fruit-Crops, by destroying Insects, &c.; Nic. Jour.,, 12mo. 13. Collection of Pieces in the Dialect of Zummerset,
1843. p. Svo. 14. Contrib. to Early Eng. Lit., 4to. 15. Dict.
of Archaic and Provincial Words, 3d ed., 1855, 2 vols. 8vo.
16. Early Hist. of Free-Masonry in England, 2d ed., 1844,
p. 8vo. 17. Foundation Document of Merton Coll., Oxf.,
by John Heywood, 1843, Svo. 18. Garland of Shakespe-
riana recently added to the Library of J. O. H. 19. Gros-
teste's Castle of Love, 4to. 20. Hist. Coll. Jesu Cantab.; à
J. Shermanno, &c., Svo. 21. Hist. Sketch of the Provincial
Dialects of England, 1847, Svo. 22. Illustrations of the
Hist. of Prices, 4to. 23. Introduc. to Shakespeare's Mid-
summer's Night Dream, 1842, Svo. 24. Jokes of the Cam-
bridge Coffee-Houses in the 17th Cent., 1842, 18mo.
25. Letters of the Kings of England, 2d ed., 1848, 2 vols.
p. Svo. 26. Letters on Scientific Subjects temp. Eliz. to
Charles II., Sro. 27. Life of William Shakespeare, 1848,
Svo.
1808.
2. Reply to the Rev. C. Stovel on Baptism, 1844, Svo.
Halliday, Sir Andrew, M.D., d. 1840, pub. several
professional and other works, for a list of which, and a
biographical notice of the author, see Lon. Gent. Mag.,
January, 1840. See also Watt's Bibl. Brit. We notice
the following: 1. Memoir of the Campaign of 1815, Paris,
1816, Svo. 2. A Genealogical Hist. of the House of Guelph,
Lon., 1820, 4to. A fragment upon this subject was found
3. Annals of
4. Annals of
5. The West
Halliday, John. Arithmetic, Lon., 1749, 8vo.
Hallifax, Dr. Euclid, Oxon., 1685, 8vo.
Hallifax, Charles. 1. Familiar Letters, 1753. 2. Mis-
cellanies in Prose and Verse, 8vo.
Hallifax, James, Rector of Cheddington, Bucks, and
Vicar of Ewell, Surrey. Serms., 1756–71.
•
Hallifax, Samuel, D.D., LL.D., 1733-1790, a native
of Mansfield, Derbyshire; educated at Jesus Coll., Camb..
and Trinity Hall; Rector of Cheddington, Bucks, 1765
Prof. of Arabic, Univ. Camb., 1768; Regius Prof. of Civil
Law, 1770; Rector of Warsop, 1778; Bishop of Gloucester,
1781; trans. to St. Asaph, 1787. 1. Analysis of the Roman
Civil Law, Lon., 1774, 75, 8vo; Camb., 1795, 8vo. New
ed., by J. W. Geldart, 1836, 8vo. See Warren's Law Stu-
dies. 2. 12 Serms. on Prophecies, 1776, Sro. See Brit. Crit.,
0. S., xxvii. 653. Bp. H. pub. a number of other serms.
Hallifax, Wm., D.D. Serin., 1701, 4to.
Hallifax. See HALIFAX.
28. Life of Sir Samuel Morland, Svo. 29. Lit. of
the 16th and 17th Cents. 30. Merry Tales of the Wise
Men of Gotham, 1840, p. 8vo. 31. Morte Arthure, from
the Lincoln MS., 4to. 32. MS. Rarities in Cambridge
Univ., Sro. 33. Norfolk Anthology, 4to. 34. Nuga Po-
etica: Select Pieces of Old English Poetry, 1844, 12mo.
35. Nursery Rhymes of England, 5th ed., 1854, p. Svo.
36. Palatine Anthology, 4to. 37. Poetry of Witchcraft,
4to. 38. Popular Rhymes and Nursery Tales, 1849, 12mo.
39. Rara Mathematica, 2d ed., 1839, 12mo. 40. Reliquia
Antiquæ, 2 vols. 8vo; in conjunction with Mr. Thomas
Wright. 41. Shakesperiana: Cat. of the early edits. of
Shakespeare's Plays, &c., 1841, Svo. 42. Shakespeare
Forgeries at Bridgewater House, 4to. 43. Shakespeare
Reliques in the possession of J. O. H., 4to. 44. Sir John
Maundeville's Voiage and Travaile. 45. Sydneian Litera-
ture in the Library of J. O. H., 1854, 4to. 46. The Con-
nexion of Wales with the Early Science of England, Svo.
47. The First Sketches of the Second and Third Parts of
K. Henry VI. 48. The Harrowing of Hell, 1840, Svo.
49. Theolog. MSS. in the Library of J. O. H., 1854, 4to.
50. The Vernon MSS., 1848, Svo. 51. Torrent of Portugal,
1842, p. Svo. 52. Two Essays on Numerical Calculation,
&c., 1839, Svo. 53. Unique Ed. of Sir P. Sydney's Ar-
cadia, 1854, 4to. 54. Yorkshire Anthology, 4to.
We have many testimonies before us to the merits of
Mr. Halliwell's productions, but want of space compels us
reluctantly to omit them.
771
HAL
HAM
The above list exhibits evidence of no ordinary literary
industry; but the magnum opus of Mr. Halliwell remains
to be mentioned. This is a grand edition of The Works
of William Shakespeare, with a new collation of the early
editions. all the original novels and tales on which the
plays are founded; copious archæological illustrations to
each play; and a life of the Poet. This magnificent work
is to be completed in 20 folio vols., of which 5 have ap-
peared, (1856,) at a cost of £63. It was at first settled that
the cost would be £2 2». each vol., or £42 in all, but it was
subsequently advanced to £63. The edition is limited to
150 copies. The illustrations are to be by, and under the
care of, Mr. F. W. Fairbolt. This will be indeed the
noblest monument to the memory of the illustrious bard.
See Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1855, 392;. June, 1855, 554.
Hallock, Rev. Wm. A. Life and Labours of the
Rev. Justin Edwards, D.D., N. York, 1856, 12mo.
Halloran, O'. See O'HALLORAN.
Halloway, Benjamin. Remarks on Dr. Sharp's
pieces on the words Elohim and Berith, Lon., Svo.
Halls, Robert, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1795.
Hallward, John. Serm., Lon., 1775, Svo.
Hallywell, Henry, Vicar of Cowfold, pub. several
theolog. works, of which the best-known is one on witches,
entitled Melampronvca, &c., Lon., 1681, Sro. See Lon.
See Lon.
Retrosp. Rev., v. 87-136: 1822.
Halpin, Rev. John Nicholas, 1790-1851, was the
author of some works on Shakspeare, Spenser, theological
subjects, &c., 1811-50. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Aug. 1851.
Halstead, Robert, a fictitious name under which
Henry, second Earl of Peterborough, pub. a work drawn
up by himself and his chaplain, entitled Succinct Genealo-
gies of the noble and ancient Houses of Alno, or De Alneto,
Broc of Shephale, &c., Lon., 1685, fol. See full title and
collation in Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 862. Only 24 copies
were printed: a copy has been sold for £100.
Halsted, Caroline Amelia, d. 1851, an authoress
of some distinction. 1. Life of Margaret Beaufort, Coun-
1. Life of Margaret Beaufort, Coun-
tess of Richmond and Derby, Lon., 1839, '45, Svo. 2. Obli-
2. Obli-
gations of Literature to Mothers of England, (Gresham
Prize Essay,) 1840, p. Svo. 3. Investigation, 3d ed., 1846,
fp. 8vo. 4. Life of Richard III., 1844, 2 vols. 8vo.
"We consider Miss Halsted's work as one of the most interesting
and able pieces of history which has ever been presented to the
world. The research which it manifests is most extensive; the
arrangement clear and lucid; the style always animated and pic-
turesque. Many new lights are thrown on the career of Richard,
many new facts elicited, and the injustice of four centuries vindi
cated by this intrepid and indefatigable champion of historical
truth.”—Lon. Metropolitan Magazine.
"Miss Halsted deserves great credit for her laborious attempt to
vindicate Richard's character, and for the patient care with which
she has sought out and marshalled her authorities."-Lon. Athe
naum.
In this history Miss Halsted concurs with Sir George
Buc, who, as Wood says,
"Doth make King Richard III. an admirable man, and not at
all that man that other histories make him to be.”—Alhen. Ozon.
To these advocates for Richard's character must be
added Horace Walpole and Sharon Turner.
Halsted, Peter. Two Serms., Lon., 1794, Svo.
Halsted, Wm. 1. Rep. of Cases in Supreme Ct. of N.
Jersey, 1821-32, Trenton, 1823-31, 7 vols. 8vo. 2. Index to
the Decis. of the Superior Cts. of N. Jersey, 1843-44, Svo.
Halsy, James. Serm., &c., Lon., 1676-78.
Halward, John. Serm., Lon., 1774, Svo.
Haly, Capt. Aylmer, of the King's (own) Infantry.
Military Observations, Lon., 1801, 8vo.
Haly, Wm. W. See TROUBAT. FRANCIS J.
Halyburton, Thomas, 1674-1712, a divine of the
Church of Scotland, a native of Duplin, near Perth; mi-
nister of the parish of Ceres, 1700; Prof. of Divinity in
the Univ. of St. Andrew's, 1710. 1. Natural Religion In-
sufficient, &c., Edin., 1714, 4to; 1798, Svo. An ed., with
Introduc. by Rev.. David Young, 12mo.
"It contains a very able examination of the writings of Lord
Herbert. and demolishes to the ground the strongholds of the
enemies of Revelation.”— Orme's Bibl. Bib.
learning, and uncommon penetration and judgment.”—DR_19AAV
WATTS. See his Memoirs.
Halyburton, Wm. Georgies, Edin., 1782, Evo.
Ham, Robert. Visit. Serni., Lon., 1713, 8vo.
Hambleton, John. Serms. on the 53d of Isaiah,
The Beatitudes, &c., Lon. 1831, 8vo.
“Truly scriptural in their character.”—Lon. Chris. Observ.
Other serms. and theolog. works.
"A work of great solidity and worth."-Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
"This elaborate performance."-Leland's Deistical Writers, q. v.
2. Memoirs of his Life. Continued by James Watson,
Edin., 1715, 8vo. With a Pref. by Dr. Isaac Watts, Lon.,
1718, 8vo.
66
Hamel, Felix John. The Laws of the Customs,
Lon., 1854, r. Svo.
“Mr. Hamel's work evinces a thorough intimacy with the learn-
ing of Revenue Law."-Leg. Observer.
Hamersley, Rich. Advice to Sunday Barbers
against Trimming on the Lord's Day, Lon., 1706, 8vo.
Hamey, Baldwin. Do Juramento Medicorum,
Lon., 1693, 4to.
Hamilton, Marquis of. Declaration and Vindica-
tion of Himself, 1638, 4to.
Hamilton, Lady. Secret Hist. of the Court of Eng-
land from the Accession of George III. to the Death of
George IV., 1832, 2 vols. Svo.
"The only genuine secret history of the period, written by the
sister of the late Duke of Hamilton. It abounds in most inte
resting sketches of the notabilities of Carlton House and the Pa
vilion, and admits the render at once behind the scenes relative
to the transactions with Queen Caroline, the Countess of Jersey,
Sir Sidney Smith, &c.”
Hamilton, Mrs. Housekeeping-Book, Lon., 1853,
'55, Svo.
"Some very sensible advice to young housekeepers is prefixed."
-Lom. Spectator.
Hamilton, A. Serms., Edin., 1696, 12mo.
Hamilton, Miss A. Novels, 1806–11.
Hamilton, A. G. New Key to unlock every King-
dom, State, and Province in the known world, 12mo.
"Any person possessing the matter that this small volume con
tains may pass through the world as a clever man.”—Edin. Rev.
Hamilton, Captain Alexander. A New Account
of the East Indies, Edin., 1727, 2 vols. 8vo; Lon., 1744,
2 vols. 8vo.
2 vols. 8vo. Also in vol. viii. of Pinkerton's Collection
of Voyages and Travels. Capt. H. gives the results of
thirty years' observations in these parts.
One of the best of the earlier accounts of India."-McCulloch's
Lit. of Polit. Econ.
Hamilton, Major-General Alexander, 1757-
1804, one of the most distinguished of the soldiers and
island of Nevis, of which his mother was a native,
statesmen of the American Revolution, was born in the
his father being a Scotchman. At the age of fifteen
he was entered as a private student in King's (now
Columbia) College. When only seventeen, he pub. a
series of admirable essays on the Rights of the Colonies;
before he was nineteen, he entered the Revolutionary
army as a captain of artillery; in 1777 he became aide.
de-camp to General Washington, with the rank of lieu-
tenant-colonel; in 1780 he was married to the second
daughter of General Schuyler, who survived her husband
half a century; in 1782 he was elected a member of Con-
gress from the State of New York; in 1786 he was chosen
a member of the Legislature of New York; in 1787 ho
was a delegate to the Convention which framed the Con-
stitution of the United States; in 1788 he pub., in cou-
junction with Madison and Jay, the celebrated essays
entitled The Federalist; in the same year he was a mem-
ber of the State Convention of New York, summoned to
ratify the Constitution proposed for the United States; in
1789 he became Secretary of the Treasury; in 1795 he
applied himself to the practice of the law in the city of
New York; in 1798 he was, at Washington's request, ap-
pointed second in command of the provisional army,
summoned to repel an apprehended invasion of the French;
on the death of Washington, in 1799, he succeeded to the
chief command of the army; on the disbanding of the
army he returned to private life, and practised at the Bar
until 1804, when, on the 12th of June, his life was termi-
nated by a wound received the day preceding in a duel
with Colonel Aaron Burr.
He was a man of extraordinary intellectual capacity,
and of great firmness and energy of character; and to
no one, with the exception of the illustrious Washington,
are the people of the United States more deeply indebted
for the republican freedom which they now enjoy. His
political essays abound with choice specimens of argumen-
comprising Official Reports. The Federalist, &c., was pub.
tative rhetoric and logical precision. An edit. of his works,
Specially valuable for a minister.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
3. The Great Concern of Salvation, Edin., 1722, 8vo.
Still highly esteemed. 4. Ten serms. on the Lord's Sup-in 1810, 3 vols. sm. Svo. His Official and other Papers,
per, 1722, 8vo. 5. His Works, with an Essay on his Life edited by Francis L. Hawks, D.D., appeared in 1842, Svo;
and Writings by Robert Burns, D.D., Lon., 1835, 8vo.
"No Christian's, and especially no Scottish clergy man's, library from the original MSS. in the Department of State, and
and in 1851 a carefully-prepared edit. of his Works, pub.
should be without a copy."-Scottish Guardian.
"He was a man of great piety, bright natural parts, studious edited by his son, John C. Hamilton, was issued in 7 ¨ols.
772
HAM
HAM
8ro. The edit. of 1810, 3 vols. sm. Svo, must accompany
this last edit., as the former contains matter not to be
found in the latter. Memoirs of his Life were pub. by his
son, John C. Hamilton, in 2 vols. 8vo, 1834-40; and Mr.
Coleman pub. in 1804, 8vo, a Collection of the Facts and
Documents relative to the death of Major-General Alex-
ander Hamilton. In Mr. John C. Hamilton's History of
the Republic, &c., vol. i., 1858, Svo, will be found a sketch
of Hamilton's career. This vol. has been severely criti-
cized. The best-known of his works are the papers en-
titled The Federalist, a collection of Essays on the Ame-
rican Constitution, pub. in 1788, under the signature of
"Publius," in the interval hetween the publication and
the adoption of the Constitution, and designed to explain
its merits to the people at large. There are eighty-five
of these political essays, and their authorship is distributed
as follows:
By Alexander Hamilton: Nos. 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13,
15, 16, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34,
35, 36, 59, 60, 61, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76,
77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85. Fifty-one Nos.
By James Madison: Nos. 10, 14, 18, 19, 20, 37, 38, 39,
40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56,
57, 58, 62, 63. Twenty-nine Nos.
By John Jay: Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 64.
Five Nos.
These celebrated essays have elicited enthusiastic com-
mnendation on both sides of the water; and indeed it would
be difficult to exaggerate the merits of The Federalist:
"It ought to be familiar to the statesmen of every nation."-DE
TOCQUEVILLE.
"A work which exhibits an extent and precision of information,
a profundity of research, and an acuteness of understanding,
which would have done honour to the most illustrious statesinen
of antient or modern times."--Elin. Rev., xii. 471: Review of Hill-
house on Amendment of American Ginstitution.
"The whole of the letters combined present to us a masterly
commentary on the American Constitution, which ought to be
placed by the side of Blackstone in the library of every English-
man."-Lon. Month. Rer., cxii. 518: Review of the Federalist.
"It is a work, altogether, which, for comprehensiveness of de-
sign, strength, clearness and simplicity, has no parallel-we do
-not even except or overlook those of Montesquieu and Aristotle-
among the political writings of men."-Blackwood's Mag., xvii. 56:
American Writers, No. 4.
"No constitution of government ever received a more masterly
and successful vindication. I know not, indeed, of any work on
the principles of free government that is to be compared. in in-
struction and intrinsic value, to this small and unpretending
volume of the Federalist; not even if we resort to Aristotle, Cicero,
Machiavel, Montesquieu, Milton, Locke, or Burke. It is equally
admirable in the depth of its wisdom. the comprehensiveness of
its views, the sagacity of its reflections. and the fearlessness, pa-
triotism, candour. simplicity, and elegance, with which its truths
are uttered and recommended. Mr. Justice Story acted wisely in
making the Federalist the basis of his Commentary."-CHANCELLOR
KENT: Com. on Amer. Law, ed. 1854, i. 256, 257.
We shall now proceed to quote some testimonies to the
merits of Hamilton exclusively, although, indeed, by far
the larger share of each of the eulogies cited above be-
longs by right to him:
"It was from him that the Federalist derived the weight and
the power which commanded the careful attention of the country.
and carried conviction to the great body of intelligent men in all
parts of the Union."-GEORGE TICK NOR CURTIS: Hist. of the Constit.
of the U. States. 1854, vol. i. 417. Read Mr. Curtis's observations
on the edits. of the Federalist.
"His are easily distinguished by their superior comprehensive-
ness, practicalness, originality, and condensed and polished dic-
tiou."-R. W. GRISWOLD: Life of Hamilton, in The Prose Writers of
America.
But to proceed with our promised quotations:
"Hamilton must be classed among the men who have best
known the vital principles and fundamental conditions of a
government, not of a government such as this. (France) but of a
government worthy of its mission and of its name. There is not
in the constitution of the United States an element of order, of
force, or of duration, which he has uot powerfully contributed to
introduce into it and caused to predominate."-Guizol's Character
and Influence of Washington.
"Of Hamilton, in an especial manner. I admire your warm and
characterístic eulogy. I have always believed that his title to re-
nown was as great as you have portrayed it. I never knew him;
but I have deemed him a giant among his contemporaries, of whom
it might truly be said, toto vertice supra est."”—Judge Story to
Chancellor Kent, Dec. 22, 1836: Life and Letters of Judge Story,ii.258.
"The model of eloquence and the most fascinating of orators.
With all his failings, he possessed a high and ennobled spirit, and
acquired an influence from his overwhelming talents which death
alone swept away."-JUNGE STORY: Letter to Mrs. Story, Feb. 7; |
1810: Life and Letters, i. 196.
In the letter from which we have just quoted, Judge
Story refers to an interview which he had with Mrs.
Hamilton,-General Hamilton's widow,-in the city of
Washington, and the melancholy feelings thereby excited.
The death of Hamilton is indeed a sad theme, and nothing
can be said in vindication of the fatal step which was the
cause of his untimely removal from patriotic usefulness
and unbounded honours. How long shall the "publis
opinion" of fools, brayoes, and cowards-for of these de-
graded classes nine-tenths of your duellists and their
apologists are composed-have power to terrify such
noble characters as Alexander Hamilton into open and
impious defiance of the laws of God and man? Yet it is
no small satisfaction to know that he deeply regretted his
error, and sought reconciliation with his Maker with
"unfeigned humiliation and a trembling hope." Imme-
diately before participating in that solemn rite by which
the Church reminds the departing believer of the effectual
atonement once offered for the sins of men, he declared:
I have a tender reliance on the mercy of the Almighty through
the merits of the Lord Jesus Christ.
6.
32
He was a careful student of the oracles of Divine Rere-
lation; and, as the author of this Dictionary was assured
by his respected widow, his Bible still retains the pencilled
indications of the interest excited in his mind by the pe-
rusal of particular passages of the Scriptures.
of his memory without some further quotations to the emi-
But we do not feel willing to leave the contemplation
nent abilities of this illustrious man:
..
· The name of Hamilton would have honoured Greece in the age
of Aristides. May Heaven. the guardian of our liberty, grant that
our country may be fruitful of Hamiltons, and faithful to their
glory.... Virtue so rare, so pure, so bold, by its very purity and
excellence inspired suspicion as a prodigy. His enemies judged
of him by themselves; so splendid and arduous were his services,
they could not find it in their hearts to believe that they were
Hamilton, 1804.
disinterested."-FISHER AMES: Sketch of the Character of Alexander
|
admirably expressed the public virtues and social attrac-
In the following sentence Ames is thought to have
tions of Hamilton:
"It is not as Apollo, enchanting the shepherds with his lyre,
that we deplore him: it is as Hercules. treacherously slain in the
midst of his unfinished labours, leaving the world overrun with
monsters."
**
Melancholy, most melancholy news for America-the prema-
ture death of her greatest man, Major-General Hamilton!... His
most stupendous talents, which set him above rivalship, and his
integrity, with which intrigue had not the hardihood to tamper,
held him up as the nation's hope and as the terror of the unprin-
cipled.”—REV. DR. JOHN M. MASON: Letter to a Friend in Scotland,
Aug. 11, 1804. And see his Eulogy on Hamilton before the Society
of the Cincinnati, in New York.
"Writing to a European correspondent who had taken some
exceptions to portions of this Oration in honour of Hamilton, Dr.
Mason remarks as follows in defence of the high position which
he bad ascribed to the soldier-statesman of the Revolution:
"It is very natural that readers on your side of the water should
suspect the eulogism to be overcharged. So do some among our.
selves; but not one who knew him. I knew him well, and I assure
you that what I have said is sober, literal truth. Such a human
being I never saw, and probably never shall see in this world."
"In another letter, soon after the calamity of Hamilton's death,
he writes:
"The greatest statesman in the Western World. perhaps the
greatest man of the age, has been cut off in the 48th year of his
age by the murderous arm of Vice-President Burr. The death of
Major-General Alexander Hamilton has created a waste in the
sphere of intellect and probity which a century will hardly fill up.
He has left none like him: no second, no third, nobody to put us
in mind of him. You can have no conception of such a man un-
less you knew him.'
"That the Eulogy of Hamilton as pronounced by Dr. Mason
was not exaggerated in its admiring portraiture is the testimony
of a judicial mind like that of John Marshall. In acknowledging
the receipt of a copy of Dr. M.'s oration, that pure-minded jurist
wrote as follows:
•
I lament sincerely the loss of the great man whose character
you have drawn so well. While I truly deplore his fate, I may be
permitted to indulge a hope that it may have some tendency to
cast odium on a practice which deserves every censure you have
bestowed upon it.""
Dr. Mason was engaged for a number of years in pre-
paring materials for a life of Hamilton, but never com-
pleted his design. See Van Vechten's Life of Dr. Mason,
N. York, 1856.
The marvellous effects of the genius of Hamilton, when
applied to the disordered finances of the young American
republic, exhibit one of the most remarkable evidences of
his pre-eminent abilities:
"At the time when our government was organized we were
without funds, though not without resources. To call them into
action and establish order in the finances, Washington sought for
splendid talents, for extensive information, and, above all, be
sought for sterling, incorruptible integrity. All these he found
in Hamilton."-GOUVERNEUR MORRIS: Puneral Oration by the dead
body of Hamilton.
He smote the rock of the national resources, and abundant
streams of revenue gushed forth. He touched the dead corpse of
the Public Credit, and it sprung upon its feet. The fabled birth
of Minerva from the brain of Jove was hardly more sudden or
more perfect than the financial system of the United States as it
burst forth from the conception of Alexander Hamilton."-DANIEL
WEBSTER: Speech at a Public Dinner in New York, Feb. 1831.
The vital energy thus infused into the financial system
of the United States by Hamilton did not expire with the
773
HAM
HAM
source from which it drew its life. So far from this is the!
truth, that, to quote the language of Mr. Gallatin, Secre-
taries of the Treasury have since enjoyed a sinecure, the
genius and labours of Hamilton having created and ar-
ranged every thing that was necessary for the perfect and
easy discharge of their duties. Indeed, the rapidity with
which Hamilton planned, digested, and executed his de-
signs, was one of his most striking peculiarities:
He was capable of intense and effectual application, as is
abundantly proved by his public labours. But he had a rapidity
and clearness of conception in which he may not have been
equalled. One who knew his habits of study said of him, that
when he had a serious object to accomplish his practice was to re-
flect on it previously; and, when he had gone through this labour,
he retired to sleep, without regard to the hour of night, and, hav
ing slept six or seven hours, he rose, and, having taken strong
coffee, seated himself at his table, where he would remain six.
seven, or eight hours; and the product of his rapid pen required
little correction for the press."-WILLIAM SULLIVAN: Sketch of
Hamilton, from the Familiar Letters.
“Where, among all the speculative philosophers in political
science whom the world has seen, shall we find a man of greater
acuteness of intellect, or more capable of devising a scheme of go-
vernment which should appear theoretically perfect? Yet Hamil
ton's unquestionable genius for political disquisition and con-
struction was directed and restrained by a noble generosity, and
an unerring perception of the practicable and the expedient,
which enabled him to serve mankind without attempting to force
them to his own plans, and without compelling them into his own
views."-GEORGE TICKNOR CURTIS: Hist. of the Amer. Constil., 1854,
vol. i. 387, 258.
M
Read this eloquent sketch of the public character of
Hamilton. See also Amer. Quar. Rev., xv. 311; Walsh's
Ann. Rev., i. 201: ii. 1; Dem. Rev., xi. 142; Chris. Ex-
am., xxix. 243; McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.
The conjunction thus presented of the names of Wash-
ington and Hamilton affords us an opportunity of quoting
the glowing tribute of the latter to the merits of his illus-
trious friend and compatriot:
"Among all the remarkable men of the Revolution, we know of
no one who, for the attributes which usually mark genius, was
more distinguished. He was endowed with a singularly compre
hensive mind, which enabled him to originate forms of govern-
ment and systems of administration, whilst he united with it an
intrepidity and an energy equal to the task of putting them in
execution."-CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS: N. Amer. Rev., liii. 70: Re-
view of the Madison Papers.
"In Hamilton's death the Federalists and the country expe-
rienced a loss second only to that of Washington. Hamilton pos-
sessed the same rare and lofty qualities, the same just balance of
soul, with less, indeed. of Washington's severo simplicity and
awe-inspiring presence, but with more of warmth, variety, orną-
ment, and grace If the Doric in architecture may be taken as
the symbol of Washington's character. Hamilton's belonged to the The artist to which we owe the most highly-finished and
same grand style as developed in the Corinthian.-if less impres vividly-coloured picture of the English Court in the days when
sive, more winning. If we add Jay for the Ionic, we have a trio the English Court was gayest."-T. B. MACAULAY: Hist. of Eng-
not to be matched. in fact not to be approached, in our history, if | land, vol. iv., 1856.
indeed in any other. Of earth-born Titans, as terrible as great,-
now angels, and now toads and serpents.-there are everywhere
enough. Of the serene and benign sons of the celestial gods. how
few at any time have walked the earth!"-RICHARD HILDRETH:
Hist. of the U. States.
"A classic work, the delight of every man and woman of taste.”
-GIBBON.
:
Mr. Gibbon forgets to tell us what kind of taste he refers
to his own was not always unimpeachable. Dr. Dibdin's
comment upon this volume should not be omitted in this
connexion: .
Next to Washington stands the name of Hamilton on the roll
of American fame and in its demands on the gratitude of his
country. We, at least. have grown gray in that faith, and the
events of every succeeding day serve but to confirm our early and
unchanged creed. The working of the political institutions of our
country, whether for good or evil, has never ceased to indicate a
prophetic mind in Hamilton.”—FRANCIS L. HAWKS, D.D.: N. York
Review, viii. 121: Review of John C'. Hamilton's Life of Alexander
Hamilton.
"When the decease of the illustrious and beloved commander-
in-chief in 1799 was officially announced to the army of the United
States by General Hamilton, who of all his honoured and trusted
associates stood highest. I think, in the affections and confidence
of the chief, it was truly said by him in his general orders, that the
voice of praise would in vain endeavour to exalt a name unrivalled
in the lists of true glory.'"-EDWARD EVERETT: Oration on Wash
ington, delivered in many of the principal cities of the Union in 1856.
But we have already far transcended the limits which
we had assigned for the extent of this article. Yet we
feel unwilling to conclude without gratifying the reader
by quoting for his benefit the following letter from Mr.
George Ticknor, of Boston, the distinguished author of
the History of Spanish Literature, to Mr. George Ticknor
Curtis, the author of the History of the Constitution of
the United States:
"While these sheets are passing through the press. Mr. Ticknor
writes to me as follows: One day in January, 1819, talking with
Prince Talleyrand, in Paris, about his visit to America, he ex-
pressed the highest admiration of Mr. Hamilton, saying, among
other things, that he had known nearly all the marked men of
his time, but that he had never known one, on the whole, equal
to him. I was much surprised and gratified with the remark;
but still, feeling that, as an American. I was in some sort a party
concerned by patriotism in the compliment, I answered, with a
little reserve, that the great military commanders and the great
statesmen of Europe had dealt with larger masses and wider in-
terests than he had. "Mais, monsieur," the Prince instantly
replied," Hamilton avait deviné l'Europe.'
""> >>
Hamilton, Alexander, M.D., Prof. of Midwifery in
the Univ. of Edin., pub. several works on Midwifery, Fe
male Complaints, &c., 1775–92. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Hamilton, Andrew, Rector of Kilskerrie. Actions
of the Iniskilling Men, 168S, &c., Lon., 1690, 4to.
Hamilton, Andrew. Taxation, 1790, '93, 4to.
Hamilton, Count Anthony, d. at St. Germain's,
1720, aged 74, a native of Ireland, of an ancient Scotch
family, followed both Charles 11. and James I. into exile.
He was distinguished as a wit, a man of fashion, and an
author. He wrote-1. Mémoires du Compte de Grammont,
1713, 12mo. 2. Le Bélier; Conte, 1749, 4to. 3. Les Quatres
Facardins et Zénéide; Contes, 1749, 12mo. 4. Histoire
de Fleur d'Épine: Conte, 1749, 12mo. There have been
several edits. of the Memoirs of Grammont, and of the
collected works of the author.
The best edition of Hamilton's Works (of course including
these Memoirs) is by Renouard, in 1812, 4 vols. 8vo.”—Dibdin's
Lib. Comp., q. v.; and see also, for an account of edits., Lowndes's
Bibl. Man., and Watt's Bibl. Brit.
The edit, of the Memoirs of Grammont, in English, pub.
in 1811, 2 vols. Svo, with 64 portraits, and notes by Sir
Walter Scott, is highly valued. The Eastern Tales of
Grammont were intended to ridicule the passion which
prevailed at the time for marvellous fictions:
"It is possible that Count Anthony Hamilton may have written
those tales which have made him famous before the end of the
century, though they were published after. But these, with many
admirable strokes of wit and invention, have too forced a tone in
both these qualities; the labour is too evident, and, thrown away
on such trifling, excites something like contempt; they are written
for an exclusive coterie, not for the world; and the world in all
such cases will sooner or later take its revenge. Yet Hamilton's
Tales are incomparably superior to what followed.”—Hullam's Lit.
Hist. of Europe.
The Memoirs of Grammont are now much better known
than the Tales.
The Memoirs of Grammont, by Anthony Hamilton, scarcely
challenge a place as historical, but we are now looking more at the
style than the intrinsic importance of books. Every one is aware
of the peculiar felicity and fascinating gaiety which they display."
-HALLAM: ubi supra.
(.
One hardly knows wherefore, but the leaves of this book are
turned over by hands and perused by eyes which are forbidden to
be exercised on other books of comparatively less mischief. It
may indeed be called, in too many instances, a privileged volume
of systematic profligacy.”—Lib. Comp.
A new ed. of the Memoirs was pub. in 1846, 12mo; and a
new ed. of the Fairy Tales, in 1849, sq., (Bohn's Lib.:) trans.
from the French by M. Lewis, H. T. Ryde, and C. Kenny.
"These tales appear to us cumbrous and entangled, their satirə
insipid, and their meaning rather unmeaning. Measured against
Voltaire's philosophical stories, or Dean Swift's bitter caricatures,
they are pigmies indeed; and their popularity with him who loved
to quote them [Horace Walpole] is but another proof of the factitious
value with which genius can invest that which is essentially me-
diocre at once giving to trifles the importance and turning them
to the use of treasures."-Lon. Athenæum, 1849, p. 953: notice of
the ed. of 1849.
Hamilton, Anthony, D.D. Serm., 1787, 4to.
Hamilton, Archibald. Theolog. treatises, Paris,
1577-81.
Hamilton, Lord Archibald. Answer to articles
against him (Lon., 1717, Svo) as Gov. of Jamaica, Lon.,
1718, 8vo.
Hamilton, Archibald, M.D. Med. Con. to Ess.
Phys. and Lit., 1756.
Hamilton, Lord Archibald, M.P. 1. Thoughts on
the Administrations, Lon., 1804, Svo. 2. Speech, 1819.
Hamilton, Hon. Charles. Descrip. of a Clepsydra
or Water Clock; Phil. Trans., 1746.
Hamilton, Charles, Captain E. I. Co., d. 1792.
1. The Patriot; a Trag., Lon., 1784, Svo. 2. Hist. of the
Rokilla Afghans, 1787, 8vo. 3. Trans. of the Hedaya, or
Guide; a Comment. on the Mussulman Laws, 1791, 4 vols.
4to. A valuable work.
Hamilton, Charles. Transactions during the Reign
of Q. Anne from the Union to her death, Edin., 1790, Svo.
Hamilton, David. 1. Christianity, Lon., 1697, Svo.
2. Revelation, 1701, Svo.
Lon., 1710, Svo; in English, 1730, Svo.
Hamilton, Sir David. Military Fever; in Latin,
Hamilton, Elizabeth, 1758-1816, a sister of Captain
Charles Hamilton, gained considerable reputation as an
771
HAM
.HAM
authoress. The following are her principal works: 1. Let-
ters of a Hindoo Rajah, Lon., 1796, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Me-
moirs of Modern Philosophers, Bath, 1800, 3 vols. 8vo.
3. Letters on Education, Lon., 1801–02, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Life
of Agrippina, Bath, 1804, 3 vols. 8vo. 5. Letters on the
5. Letters on the
Moral and Religious Principle, 1806, 2 vols. 8vo. 6. The
Cottagers of Glenburnie, Edin., 1808, 8vo.
"A picture of the rural habits of Scotland, of striking and im-
pressive fidelity."-SIR WALTER SCOTT.
"We have not met with any thing nearly so good as this, since
we read the Castle Rackrent and the Popular Tales of Miss Edge
worth. This contains as admirable a picture of the Scottish pea-
santry as those do of the Irish; and rivals them not only in the
general truth of the delineations, and in the cheerfulness and
practical good sense of the lessons they convey, but in the nice
discrimination of national character, and the skill with which a
dramatic representation of humble life is saved from caricature
and absurdity."-LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Rev., xii. 401–410.
This tale has had a most beneficial influence upon
domestic economy in Scotland.
7. Rules of the Annuity Fund. 1808, 4to. 8. Exercises
in Religious Knowledge, 1809, 12mo. 9. Popular Essays,
1813, 2 vols. Svo. 10. Hints to the Patrons and Directors
of Schools, 1815, 12mno. 11. The 46th No. of The Lounger,
1785. There have been new edits. of this lady's writ-
ings.
Elizabeth Hamilton. like Madame D'Arblay, paints the passing
events, the fleeting manners. and changing condition of social life;
but then her pictures are taken from the shepherd's hut and the
husbandman's hovel, and, amid much that is now past and gone,
show not a little of a fixed and permanent nature."-ALLAN CUN-
NINGHAM: Biog, and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years.
Hamilton, Miss Eliza Mary. Poems on several
Occasions, Lon., 1838, 12mo.
"Such poetry as this will always be read as the faithful record
of the moments in which it was conceived. It is tinged with the
very hue of phantasy, and tells of feeling that never is felt but
by the poet."-Dubl. Univ. Mag., xii. 237.
Hamilton, Francis. See BUCHANAN.
Hamilton, Gavin, an eminent painter, who died in
1797, at Rome, where he had resided nearly the whole of
his life, was a native of Lauark. Schola Italica Picturæ :
Schola Italica Picturæ:
the Italian School of Painting: with 40 splendid plates,
Lon., 1773, large fol.
"Done in an elegant and masterly style."—Watt's Bibl. Brit.
See Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent
Scotsmen, 1855, vol. ii.; and see also Blackwood's Mag.,
ii. 313; xxiii. 673; xxv. 711.
Hamilton, George. A Voyage round the World.
by Capt. Edwards, in 1780-82, Lon., 1793, Svo; Berwick,
1793, Svo.
Hamilton, George. Epistle from the Marquis de la
Fayette to General Washington, Edin., 1800, 12mo.
The Memoirs of Elizabeth Hamilton, with a Selection
from her Correspondence and other unpublished writings, gether so much miserable Latin and Greek as may be learned
"We do amiss to spend seven or eight years in scraping to
were pub. by Miss Benger in 1818, 2 vols. 8vo, and a bio-otherwise easily and delightfully in one year."-JOHN MILTON:
graphical account of her will be found in Mrs. Elwood's Letter to Hartlib.
Literary Ladies of England.
++
When, by this way of interlining Latin and English one with
another. he has got a inoderate knowledge of the Latin tongue. be
may then be advanced a little further. Nor let the objection that
he will then know it only by rote frighten any one. This, when
well considered. is not of any moment against. but plainly for. this
way of learning a language. The languages are only to be learned
by rote; and he that speaks them well has no other rule but that.”
-Joux Locke: Essay on a System of Classical Instruction.
Hamilton, George. Art of Drawing, 1812, Svo.
Hamilton, George, Rector of Killermogh. 1. Intro-
duc. to the Study of the Hebrew Scriptures, &c., IS13, Svo;
Dubl., 1814, Svo.
"Contains much important and original information in a very
condensed and perspicuous state.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Its general execution is highly creditable to the author's
industry and judgment, and we cheerfully recommend it to that
class of students for whose use it was chiefly designed."-Lon.
Eclectic Review, N. S., i. 503.
2. Codex Criticus of the Hebrew Bible, 1821. Svo.
“Will partially supply the place of Kennicott and De Rossi, as
the most valuable of the various readings in these extensive works
are given."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Hamilton, Emma. Novels, 1810-13.
The Hamiltonian system is warmly defended, and we
Hamilton, Franc. De Sanctorum Invocatione et think very ably, by the Rev. Sydney Smith, in the Edin.
Imaginibus, Wirceb., 1596, 4to.
Rev., xliv. 47-69; repub. in his Miscellanies. We quote
the conclusion of this amusing and yet convincing essay:
"A desideratum in Sacred Literature which Mr. Hamilton's
work is an able and successful attempt to supply.”—Horne's Bibl.
Bib.
most useful. Altogether. we have rarely seen a treatise of the kind
which we can more heartily approve."-Lon. Athen., Dec. 16, 1548.
Other musical works.
Hamilton, Col. J. P. Travels through the Inte-
rior Provinces of Colombia, Lon., 1827, 2 vols. cr. 8vo.
And see Lon. Eclec. Review, N. S., xviii. 319.
3. On the R. Catholic English Bible. 4. Ditto, both
Dubl., 1826, Svo. See Horne's Bibl. Bib.
His style is the familiar, easy chit-chat of an old acquaintance;
the gossip of a good-natured military man, who has seen enough
of battle and turmoil to despise all meaner hardships."-Lim.
Mouth. Rev.
Hamilton, James, Duke of, 1606-1649, a zealous
supporter of Charles II., was beheaded by order of Croin-
well. He was the author of various Letters, Conferences,
Advices, Answers, &c. pub. in Burnet's Lives of the Dukes
of Hamilton. He also wrote a Preface to a book on The
Late Covenant, 1638, 4to. See Athen. Oxon.; Park's Wal-
pole's R. and N. Authors.
1. Attractive Virtue of Loadstone, 1729, Svo. 2. A Trea-
Hamilton, James, Earl of Abercorn, Lord Paisley.
tise on Harmony, 1731, 8vo.
Hamilton, James, M.D. On Purgative Medicines
in several Diseases, Edin., 1805, '06, '09, '11, Svo.
Edin., pub. Works on Midwifery, &c., 1795-1809. See
Hamilton, James, Jr., M.D., Prof. of Midwifery,
Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Hamilton, James, "author of the Hamiltonian
system," excited much attention in the learned world by
his publications (Lon., 1824, &c.) of interlinear English
translations of books in various languages. The authority
of Ascham, Cardinal Wolsey, Erasmus, Milton, and Locke,
are adduced in support of the excellence of the theory:
Hamilton, Hans, D.D. Two Serms., Lon., 1818, Svo.
Hamilton, Hugh, D.D., 1729-1805, an eminent
mathematician, a native of the county of Dublin; Fellow
of Trin. Coll., Dublin; Dean of Ardagh, 1768; Bishop of
Clonfert, 1796; trans. to Ossory, 1799. He pub. some
nathemat. and theolog. works, which were collected and
pub. by his son Alexander, Lon., 1809, 2 vols. 8vo. He
contributed a paper on Mechanic Powers to Phil. Trans.,
1763, and one on Alkaline Salts, &c. to Trans. Irish Acad.,
1792. See Life prefixed to his works.
Hamilton, J. A. Instructions for the Pianoforte, Lon.
"This, among the many musical introductions, is one of the |
"In fine, we are strongly persuaded that. the time being given,
this system will make better scholars; and. the degree of scholar-
ship being given, a much shorter time will be needed. If there is
ful men of bis age: for, if there is any thing which fills reflecting
any truth in this, it will make Mr. Hamilton one of the most use-
men with melancholy and regret, it is the waste of mortal time,
parental money, and puerile happiness, in the present method of
pursuing Latin and Greek."
See Levi Hart's Advertisement to Hart and Osborn's
Virgil, with an Interlinear Translation, Baltimore, March
10. 1833; Amer. Jour. of Education, Dec. 1826: West-
minster Rev., x. 284; N. York Eclec. Mag.. vi. 229; also
Lon. Quar. Rev. For a list of the works pub. on this sys-
tem see the London Catalogue of Books.
Hamilton, James, D.D., minister of the English
Presbyterian Church, Regent Square, London, b. in 1814,
at Strathblane, Stirlingshire, is an eloquent preacher
and popular writer. 1. The Harp on the Willows. Lon.,
1843, 12mo. 2. Church in the House, and other Tracts,
1846, 18mo. 3. Life in Earnest: Letts. on Christian Ac-
tivity, sixty-fifth thousand, 1852, 18mo. 4. Mount of
Olives, &c., sixty-fifth thousand, 1853, 18mo. 5. The
Lamp and the Lantern, 1853, 18mo. 6. Lives of Bunyan,
Henry, and Hall, 1853. 7. The Royal Preacher: Lects.
on Eccles. New ed., 1854, 16mo. S. The Happy Home.
New ed., 1855, 18mo. 9. Emblems from Eden, 1855, 18mo.
Let those who seek to animate thousands to zealous
efforts for the promotion of truth distribute on every side
Hamilton's Life in Earnest. See the Life of Amos Law-
rence, by his son, Bost., 1855, Svo.
Hamilton, James. Life of Paul Jones, Phila., 18mo.
Hamilton, James Archibald, D.D. Astronom.,
&c. contrib. to Trans. Irish Acad., 1786-1807.
Hamilton, James Edward. Polit. and theolog.
publications, Lon., 1790–92.
Hamilton, John, Archbishop of St. Andrew's, hanged
in the town of Stirling, 1570, by his political enemies, put
forth a Catechisme, (Sanct Androus. 1552, 4to,) which was
the last Popish Confession of Faith pub. by authority in
Scotland prior to the Reformation. This work is now
very rare, and a copy was sold at the White Knight's sale
(920) for £35 148.
-
“No divine at this day need be ashamed of such a work. It is
a judicious Commentary upon the Commands, Belief, Zord's Prayer
Magnificut, and Ave Maria; and the author shows his wisdom and
775
HAM
HAM
moderation in avoiding to enter upon the controverted points."- | 3. National Debt of G. Brit., &c., 1813, Svo; Edin., 1814,
BISHOP KEITH: Hist. of the Church and State of Scot.
'18, Svo. The 3d ed. is the best.
..
But Lord Hailes does not concur in this opinion: see
his Hist. Mem. of the Provincial Councils of the Scots
Clergy, 35-36. See also Keith's Cat. of the Scottish
Bishops; Beloe's Anecdotes of Lit. and Scarce Books, ii.
30S-311.
Hamilton, John, "Student in Theologie," &c. Ane
Catholik and facile Traictise drauin out of the holie Scrip-
tures, Paris, 1581, 16mo. Running title: Of ye Lordis
Supper. Another ed., with altered title, Lon., 1600, 16mo.
See Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Lord
Hailes's Sketch of the Life of John Hamilton, printed
about 1784.
Hamilton,John. Stereography; or, a Complete Body
of Perspective, Lon., 1738, 2 vols. fol.; 1749, 2 vols. fol.
Hamilton, John. Church of Scot., Edin., 1840, '41.
Hamilton, John. See BELHAVEN, Lord.
Hamilton, John Church, a son of Major-General
Alexander Hamilton, b. 1792, in Philadelphia, served for
some time in the army of the U. States, was aide-de-camp to
Major-Gen. Harrison, and resigned June, 1814. 1. Memoirs
of the Life of Alexander Hamilton, N. York, 1834-40, 2
vols. 8vo. These vols. bring down Hamilton's Life to the
date of the adoption of the Federal Constitution. Two
more vols. were expected, but never made their appear-
ance.
"If completed as it has been begun, with the same care, fidelity,
and skill, this biography will be what it ought to be,-a national
work."-FRANCIS L. HAWKS: N. York Rev., viii. 121, q. x.
2. Works of Alexander Hamilton, 1851, 7 vols. Svo.
3. History of the Republic, &c.: vol. i., 1858, Svo. See
HAMILTON, MAJOR-GENERAL ALEXANDER.
Hamilton, Joseph. Guide through all the stages
of a Quarrel, the Royal Code of Honour, Reflections upon
Duelling, &c., Lon., 1829, Svo. We should prefer the au-
thority of the Code laid down in the Sermon on the Mount.
See SABINE, LORENZO; HAMILTON, MAJ.-GEN. ÅLEXANDER.
Hamilton, Miss M. The Forest of St. Bernardo,
Lon., 1806, 4 vols. 12mo.
Hamilton, Newburgh. 1. Doating Lovers; a Com.,
1715, 12mo. 2. The Petticoat-Plotter; a Farce, Lon., 1720,
8vo. 3. Sampson; an Oratorio, 1743, 4to. See Biog.
See Biog.
Dramat.
Hamilton, Patrick, 1503-1527, called the first
Scotch Reformer, is said to have been of royal descent;
but see Mackenzie's Scots Writers. He was burnt alive
as a heretic. He went to Germany, and became Professor
m the Univ. of Marburg; returned home, and was made
Abbot of Ferme or Ferne, Ross-shire. Patrick's Places;
Patrick's Places;
or Cominon Places, a treatise on the Law and the Gospel.
In Latin, trans, and pub. by John Frith. In Richmond's
Fathers of the English Church, i. 475; also in Fox's Acts
and Monuments. Highly commended. See Keith's
Spottiswood's and Knox's Histories; Cook's Hist. of the
Reform.
Hamilton, Richard Winter, D.D., LL.D., of
Leeds, England. 1. The Little Sanctuary, Lon., 1838. Svo.
2. Nuga Literariæ, 1841, 8vo. 3. Serms.: 1st ser., 1837,
3. Serms.: 1st ser., 1837,
8vo; 2d ser., 1845, 8vo; 1850, 8vo. 4. Popular Education,
2d ed., 1846, sın. Svo. 5. Missions, 2d ed., 1846, sm. 8vo.
6. Rewards and Punishments, new ed., 1847, 8vo. 7. Hora
et Vindiciæ Sabbaticæ, 1848, 12mo. See a Memoir of Dr.
See a Memoir of Dr. |
Hamilton, by W. H. Stowell, 1850, 8vo.
"The sermons of this gifted minister are eloquent, devout, and
evangelical. . . . His Essay on Missions is also highly honourable
to his talents and piety.”— Williams's C. P.
"There was a rich and racy originality about him,-a bold in-
dependence of thinking, and an irregular gorgeousness of style.
He was the Hazlitt of the pulpit."-Gilfillan's Literary Portraits,
1st Gallery.
See Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xi. 91, 271, 455.
Hamilton, Robert. Dissertatio de ærarii publici
necessitate, ac plene Principium vectigalia imponendi jure,
Lugd. Bat., 1671, 4to.
Hamilton, Robert, M.D., 1721-1793, a native of
Edinburgh, practised at Lynn, in Norfolk. Profess. publi-
cations, 1782-1806. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Life of Dr.
H., prefixed to his Remarks on the Leprosy, Lon., 1801,
8vo.
Hamilton, Robert, LL.D., 1742-1829, Rector of
the Academy of Perth, 1769; Prof. in Marischal Coll.,
Aberdeen, 1779-1829,-namely, first, of Oriental Lan-
guages; secondly, of Nat. Philos., 1782-1817; thirdly, of
Mathemat., 1817-29. 1. Introduc. to Merchandise, Edin.,
1777-79, 2 vols. 8vo. Several eds.
"Of very considerable merit."-McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.
2. Arithmetic and Book-Keeping, Lon., 1788, 12mo.
This important work, which, as we have already seen, opened
the eyes of the public to the delusive nature of the sinking fund."
-McCulloch's Lit. of Pulit. Econ., q. v.; and see GALE, S., in this
Dictionary.
4. The Progress of Society, 1830, Svo.
"We cordially recommend the volume itself to those who are,
as well as to those who are not, acquainted with the valuable
science of which it treats, a science which is now justly looked
upon as an essential brauch of liberal education.”—Lon. Month,
Rer.. Dec. 1830.
"Embraces a wide range of interesting topics; but it is feebly.
written, and might without injury to his fame or to the public
interests have been allowed to continue in manuscript."-McCul
loch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.
Hamilton, Robert. Decisions of the Ct. of Ses-
sion, Nov. 1769-Jan. 1772, Edin., 1803, fol.
Hamilton, Schuyler. Hist. of the National Flag
of the U. States, Phila., 1853, cr. Svo.
Hamilton, Smith. Engravings of the Ancient
Costume of Eng., 9th to 16th cent., 1812.
Hamilton, Terrick. Trans. from the Arabic of
Antar, a Bedoueen Romance, Lon., 1819-20, 4 vols. cr. 8vo.
“A faithful and elaborate version.”—Lon. Month. Rev., xciv.
277-292, q. v.
The curious romance of Antar, the most vivid and authentic
picture of Arabian manners, was written under the early Abas-
side Caliphs.”—MILMAN,
It is from this tale that story-tellers in the coffee-houses
of Constantinople take their amusing fictions.
Hamilton, Thomas, Earl of Melros. State Papers
and Miscellaneous Correspondence, 1837, 2 vols. 4to. Pub.
by the Abbotsford Club.
Hamilton, Thomas.
Con. to Med. Com., 1787.
Hamilton, Thomas, Captain 29th Regt., R. A., d.
1842, aged 53, after serving through the Peninsular and
American campaigns, devoted his time to literary pursuits,
and contributed largely to Blackwood's Magazine. 1. An-
nals of the Peninsular Campaign, new ed. by Fred. Hard-
man, Lon., 1849, Svo.
"A work of great and peculiar merit, and cannot fail to be
popular, even after the many other histories, completed or in pro-
gress, of the Peninsular War.”—Blackwood's Mag.. xxvii. 508-538.
"Of the chief writers (on this subject) Captain Hamilton's work
comes nearest to historical calmness and impartiality. . . . The
value of Captain Hamilton's work is very greatly increased, in
the present edition, by the labours of Mr. Hardman.”—Scotsman.
2. The Youth and Manhood of Cyril Thornton, 1827.
An admirable work.
"Though of no great value as a novel, it exhibits a good deal
of literary ability "—A. H. EVERETT: N. Amer. Rev., xxxviii. 211;
and see South. Rev., viii. 43.
"There is no novel-writer in our day, after the great Father of
Romance. who has succeeded in transferring to his pages equally
vivid pictures of the most animating events of life; the enthu
siasm of youthful passion, the decision of military exploit, the
ardour of devoted affection."”—Blackwood's Mag., xxxiv. 288.
3. Men and Manners in America, 1833, 2 vols. cr. 8vo;
Bost., 1834, 2 vols. 12mo. New ed., with Letters written
by the author during his Journey through the U. States,
Lon., 1843, sm. 8vo.
"We cannot but congratulate our countryman on the appear
ance of his valuable work at the present crisis, when all the ancient
institutions of our country are successively melting away under
the powerful solvent of democratic fervour.. He neither views
America with the jaundiced eye of a bigoted Tory, nor the frantic
partiality of an enthusiastic Democrat. He appreciates things as
they really are nothing extenuating, setting down nought in
malice.”—Blackwood's Mog. : America. No. 1, xxxiv. 285–308. See
also America, No. 2, 548–568; and vol. xxxv. 342.
The more Captain Hamilton's book is studied, the stronger
will be the reader's conviction of its merits as a clear and impar-
tial description of the American people."-Dubl. Univ. Mag., ii.
414-455: 558-569.
"Though many excellent volumes have since been published,
not one has superseded it as a standard and safe authority. Other
travellers have confirmed its accuracy, without adding much to
its information.”—Britannia.
"It is undoubtedly as we have said, in point of literary execu
tion, one of the best that have yet appeared upon the United
States. The style is not deficient in strength or spirit, and evinces
at times a remarkable power of description, as in the passages on
the Falls of Niagara and the river Mississippi. On the other hand,
it is far from being uniformly so pure and correct as might be
wished, is often unpardonably coarse, and is pervaded through-
out by an affected pertness and a silly air of pretension, which
are offensive from the beginning, and finally become by repetition
completely nauseous. . . . That a spirit of unjust depreciation is
the one that predominates in his work, is-as we shall have occa-
sion abundantly to show-very certain."-A. H. EVERETT: N
Amer. Rev., xxxviii. 210–270.
See also Chris. Exam., (by Samuel Eliot) xv. 219; Amer.
Quar. Rev., xiv. 520; Selec. Jour. of For. Lit., iii. 81; Mu-
seum of For. Lit., xxiii. 468, 563, 564; xxiv. S1; Fraser's
Mag., ix. 42.
•
Hamilton, W. J. Researches in Asia Minor, Pontus,
and Armenia, &c., Lon., 1842, 2 vols. 8vo.
770
HAM
HAM
"Mr. Hamilton's archæological researches, and his narrative in
general, have our warmest commendations."-Lon. Athenæum.
After reading Mr. Hamilton's Researches, the reader must
take up the works of SIR CHARLES FELLOWs, (ante.)
Hamilton, W. T., D.D. The Pentateuch and its
Assailants; or, a Refutation of the Objections of Modern
Scepticism to the Pentateuch, Lon., 1852, 8vo.
|
"We are not aware of any objection's which have been raised
against the Pentateuch as a whole. or any part of it. which are not
here very satisfactorily met and refuted.”—Lon. Evangel. Mog.
Hamilton, Walter. 1. The East India Gazetteer,
Lon., 1814, 8vo; 1828, 2 vols. 8vo; 1855, 2 vols. 8vo.
The writer has amassed and digested. with singular industry,
a vast treasure of information, dispersed through an infinite va-
riety of works.”—Edin. Rev., xxv. 220–226.
--
2. A Geograph., Statist., and Hist. Description of Hin-
dostan and the adjacent Countries, 1820, 2 vols. 4to.
"An inestimable work, containing a more full, detailed, and
faithful picture of India, than any former work on the subject."
-Lon. Quar. Rev.
Who that has relatives in India (Alas. I feel I am no actor
here!') can rest satisfied without the possession, not only of his
Gazetteer, but of his Geographical Description of Hindostan?"-
Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
Ma
"Mr. Hamilton's works, especially the last. [on Hindostan,] are
compiled with great care and judgment. and are, indeed, of the
highest authority."-McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.
Hamilton, William. Reply to Dr. Pearson rel. to
the Ch. of England, Lon., 1660, fol.
Hamilton, William. Country and River of the
Amazones; from the French, Lon., 1661, 8vo.
Hamilton, William. Serms. &c., 1700-25.
Hamilton, William. The Hist. of Sir Wm. Wal-
lace, Glasg., 1722, Svo; Falkirk, 1785, 12mo; Ayr, 1793,
12mo. Often reprinted.
Hamilton, William. Serm., Edin., 1732, 8vo.
Hamilton, William, 1704-1754, an early Scotch
poet, was a native of Ayrshire, and a man of fortune and
family. In 1748, Glasgow, Svo, an ed. of his poems was
pub. without his consent, and subsequently reprinted. The
first genuine ed, was pub. by his friends in 1760, Edin.,
sin. Svo.
The best-known composition of his is The
Braes of Yarrow. This poem elicited Wordsworth's three
pieces-Yarrow Unvisited, Yarrow Visited, and Yarrow
Revisited.
"Hamilton's mind is pictured in his verses. They are the easy
and careless effusions of an elegant fancy and a chastened taste;
and the sentiments they convey are the genuine feelings of a
tender and susceptible heart. which perpetually owned the do-
minion of some favourite mistress, but whose passion generally
evaporated in song, and made no serious or permanent impression.'
—LORD WOODHOUSELEE.
"The poems of Hamilton display regular design. just sentiments,
fanciful invention, pleasing sensibility, elegant diction, and smooth
versification. His genius was aided by taste, and his taste was
improved by knowledge.”—Prof. RichardSON, of Glasgow.
"Johnson, upon repeated occasions, while I was at Ashbourne,
talked slightingly of Hamilton. He said there was no power of
thinking in his verses; nothing that strikes one; nothing better
than what is generally found in magazines; and that the highest
praise they deserved was, that they were very well for a gentle-
man to hand about among his friends.”—BOSWELL: Life of Johnson.
See Anderson's Brit. Poets; Lord Woodhouselee's Life
of Lord Kames; The Lounger; Transac. of Scot. Antiq.,
111; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent
Scotsmen.
1800-03, 4 vols. atlas fol.; Paris, 1803-10, 4 vols. atlas fol.
3. Outlines, &c. froin the Figures and Compositions upon
the Greek, Roman, and Etruscan Vases of the late Sir
William Hamilton, Lon., 1804, 4to. 4. Observ. upon Mount
Vesuvius, Etna, &c., Lon., 1772, '74, 8vo. See RASPE,
RUDOLPH ERIC, in Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1541. 5. Campi
Phlegræi, Naples, 1766-67, 2 vols. atlas fol. Supp., 1779,
fol. 6. Lettera sul Monte Volture, 1780, 8vo. 7. Con. to
Phil. Trans., 1767-95. 8. To Archæol., 1777.
For biographical incidents connected with Sir William
Hamilton, and descriptions of his works, &c., see Wod's
Peerage; Baldwin's Lit. Jour., 1804; Biographie Contem-
poraine; Antiquitez Etrusquez, &c., par D'Hancarville;
Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's
Bibl. Man.; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Emi-
nent Scotsmen; Blackwood's Mag., xxv. 178, 707.
Hamilton, William, M.D. Dyeing, Lon., 1791, 2
vols. 8vo.
Hamilton, William, M.D., d. 1808, aged 36. Digi-
talis Purpurea, Lon., 1807, 8vo.
Hamilton, William. Enchiridion Medicum, Lon.,
1810, 12mo.
Hamilton, William. Remarks on several Parts of
Turkey. Part 1, Egyptiaca, Lon., 1810, r. 4to, with fol.
plates.
"A solid, instructive, and most accurate performance."-Dib
din's Lib. Comp.
Hamilton, Sir William, Bart., of Preston, of the
ancient Scottish family of this name, one of the most dis-
tinguished of modern metaphysicians, was born at Glasgow
in 1788, and educated at Balliol College, Oxford, where
he obtained first-class honours. In 1813 he was called to
the Scottish Bar, but never engaged in extensive practice.
In 1820 he was an unsuccessful competitor with John Wil-
son for the chair of Moral Philosophy in the University of
Edinburgh; but in 1821 he was appointed Professor of
Universal History in that institution, and in 1836 was
called to the chair of Logic and Metaphysics, which he
still retains, (1856.) He is also Her Majesty's Solicitor
for Teinds, in Scotland, a Corresponding Member of the
Institute of France, and an Associate of many learned
bodies. See Men of the Time, Lon.. 1856. A brief history
of Sir William's contributions to Mental Philosophy will
be found in Rich's Cyclopædia, Lon. and Glasg., 1854.
In 1852 (Lon. and Edin., Svo, pp. 758) there appeared
Discussions on Philosophy and Literature, Education and
University Reform, chiefly from the Edinburgh Review;
Corrected, Vindicated, Enlarged in Notes and Appendices,
2d ed., 1853, Svo. Repub., N. York, 1855, Svo, with an
Introductory Essay on the history of philosophical specu-
lation, by Robert Turnbull, D.D.
His principal essays have been trans. into French by
W. Peisse, and into Italian by S. Lo Gatto. Sir William
pub. in 1846, Lon. and Edin., Svo, pp. 914, the works of
Thos. Reid, D.D., now fully collected, with Selections
from his Unpublished Letters, Prefaces, Notes, and Sup-
plementary Dissertations, 3d ed., 1852. He is now en-
gaged in the preparation of the works of Dugald Stewart;
VIII. was pub. in April, and Vol. May, 1856.
(Sir William did not live to complete his editorial labours:
Hamilton, William, Rector of Fanet, Donegal, and
a magistrate, was murdered by the rebels in 1797. 1. Let-
ters conc. the Northern Coast of Antrim, Lon., 1786, Svo.
"This is a valuable work respecting the mineralogy and geology
[of Ireland. and especially the Giant's Causeway."-Stevenson's
Voyages and Travels.
see conclusion of this article, and see also Lon. Athenæum,
May 10, 1856. and Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1856.) A vol.
entitled The Philosophy of Sir William Hamilton, arranged
and edited by O. W. Wight, was pub. in N. York in 1853,
Svo; 3d ed., 1855. This vol. is compiled from the Supp.
Disserts. on Reid, some of the foot-notes to Reid, and a
2. Letters on the Principles of the French Democracy, portion of the Philos. Discussions. Dr. James Walker,
Dubl., 1792, Svo. 3. Con. on nat. philos. tó Trans. Irish President of Harvard College, bas pub. Reid's Essays ou
Acad., 1788. 4. To Nich. Jour., 1798.
the Intellectual Powers; abridged, with Notes and Illus-
Hamilton, Rt. Hon. Sir William, K.B., 1730-trations from Sir Wm. Hamilton and others, Bost., 12mo.
1803, a native of Scotland, an eminent antiquary and con- It is a matter of regret that the limited space to which we
noisseur, was ambassador at the court of Naples from 1764 are necessarily confined precludes us from quoting largely
to 1800. In 1782 he lost his first wife, and in 1791 mar- from the enthusiastic commendations before us of the dis-
ried Emma Harte, the notorious female so disreputably | tinguished abilities and profound erudition of this eminer:
connected with Lord Nelson. Sir William's collection of philosopher. In an interesting paper by De Quincey,
Grecian and Etruscan rases (now in the British Museum) giving an account of his recollections of Sir William's
has been described in several magnificent volumes, which early reputation for general knowledge, he remarks:
still command a high price.
"The immensity of Sir William's attainments was best laid
open by consulting him (or by hearing him consulted) upon in
tellectual difficulties, or upon schemes literary and philosophica).
Such applications, come from what points of the compass they
would, found him always prepared. Nor did it seem to make any
1. Antiquitez Etrusquez, Grecques & Romaines, tirées
du Cabinet de M. Hamilton, (par le Sr. D'Hancarville,) en
Anglais et en Français, Naples, 1766-67, 4 vols. r. fol.,
with upwards of 500 large plates, many of which are
coloured. The two first vols. of this work were pub. by
J. A. David, in Paris, 1785-88, 5 vols. 8vo; large paper in
4to; Florence, 1801-08, 4 vols. atlas fol. 2. Collection of
Vases, mostly of pure Greek workmanship. &c., Naples,
1731-95, 3 vols. imp. fol., with 240 plates; Florence,
difference whether it were the erudition of words or things that
was needed."—Essays on Philosophical and other Men of Letters, i.
35, Bost., 1854.
"We regard Sir Wm. Hamilton as the profoundest analyst who
has appeared since Aristotle; and his erudition, both in its extent
and in its exactness, is perfectly provoking."-O. W. WIGHT: Trans.
of Cousin's Hist. of Mod. Philos., ii. 335, N. York, 1854.
9
777
HAM
HAM
"Sir Wm.. though metaphysically the most formidable man in
Europe, is an humble Christian; though the most learned of men,
he is ready to bow before the spirit that informed the mind of
Paul."-O. W. WIGHT: Introduc. to his edit. of the Philosophy of
Sir William Hamilton, p. 13, 1855.
"It would be difficult to name any contributions to a review
which display such a despotic command of all the resources of
logic and metaphysics as his articles in the Edinburgh Review on
Cousin, Dr. Brown, and Bishop Whately. Apart from their scien-
tific value, they should be read as specimens of intellectual power.
They evince more intense strength of understanding than any
other writings of the age; and in the blended merits of their logic,
rhetoric, and learning. they may challenge comparison with the
best works of any British metaphysician. He seems to have read
every writer, ancient and modern, on logic and metaphysics, and
is conversant with every philosophical theory, from the lowest
form of materialism to the most abstract development of idealism;
and yet his learning is not so remarkable as the thorough manner
in which he has digested it and the perfect command he has of all
its stores. Every thing that he comprehends, no matter how ab-
struse, he comprehends with the utmost clearness and employs
with consummate skill. He is altogether the best-trained reasoner
on abstract subjects of his time."-E. P. WHIPPLE: Essays and Re-
views, ii. 117–122, Bost., 1851; and in N. Amer. Rev., Ixi. 485–489.
"Sir William Hamilton has attained to the very highest dis-
tinction as a philosopher, and in some respects he is decidedly
superior to any of his illustrious predecessors,-Reid, Stuart, or
Brown. With a remarkable power of analysis and discrimination
he combines great decision and elegance of style. and a degree of
erudition that is almost without a parallel."-Edinburgh Review.
"We know not any other writer who bas proved in how great a
degree books may stimulate the intellect into independent action,
nor any recent philosopher who has interpreted the theories of the
past and the present less biassed by an exaggerated opinion of the
exclusive importance of history, or by preconceptions of the his-
toric course of speculation in its manifold phases in each succes-
sive age.”—N. Brit. Rev., xviii. 191–213.
The slightest perusal of Sir William's philosophical writings
Hamilton, William Gerard, M.P., 1729-1796,
a native of London, who held several important poli-
tical posts, made in the House of Commons, Nov. 13, 1755,
that splendid display of eloquence which has given him
the name of SINGLE-SPEECH HAMILTON. But, indeed,
he made a second great speech in the month of Febru-
will be sufficient to convince the reader that he is in intercourse
ary. Hamilton was one of the many to whom without
with a mind of the most extraordinary comprehension and acute-
ness. He combines in a degree unequalled since the time of Aris-buted. He was educated at Oxford, and when young wrote
a shadow of probability, the Letters of Junius were attri-
totle (of whom, indeed. he is a devout, though not a blind and
undiscriminating, worshipper) the power of analysis and generali-
zation.... The degrees in which these two counter-powers of
analysis and generalization exist in any mind. together with their
relative proportion, determines a man's philosophical character."-
Brit. Quar. Rev., xvi. 479–511.
The remarkable erudition which has rendered the name
of Sir William Hamilton so famous is brought into good
service when engaged in the illustration and vindication
of his philosophical tenets:
"In the first of the citations with which some of his essays are
overgrown. it would be difficult to point out one which is either
Inappropriate or superfluous, except that, the point being already
established, it might be regarded as a needless accumulation of
evidence."-N. Amer. Rev., 1xxvi. 55-103.
An authority entitled to be heard with respect does
not hesitate to give the following verdict respecting Sir
William's Dissertations, contained in bis edit. of Reid's
writings:
"On the whole, we cannot but regard these dissertations as the
most valuable contribution to the progress of a true philosophy,
in our country, within the present century."-Morell's Hist. of
Mod. Philos.
See also Wm. Archer Butler's Lects. on the Hist. of An-
cient Philos., editor's notes, ii. 79, 97: 1856; Hallam's Lit.
Hist. of Europe, ii. 398, 478. 4th ed., 1854; N. Brit. Rev.,
x. 78; Princeton Rev., (article by Samuel Tyler, of Frede-
rick, Md.,) Oct. 1855.
The author of the article in the British Quarterly Review
from which we have given some quotations, refers to the
great respect entertained on the Continent of Europe for
the philosophical character of the subject of this notice,
and cites in evidence the following passages:
1
"Il n'est pas peut-être en Europe un homme qui possède une
connaissance aussi complète et aussi minutieuse, une intelligence
aussi profonde des livres, des systèmes et des philosophes d'Alle-
inagne.... L'érudition de M. Hamilton n'est pas cette érudition
morte qui s'occupe plus des livres que des idées, et qui étouffe
l'esprit philosophe au lieu de le nourrir; c'est une érudition active,
qui laisse à la pensée toute son independance; elle n'est pas à
elle-même sa propre fin, mais seulement un instrument pour la
recherche de la vérité. Quoique infiniment variée, car elle em-
brasse presque tout le champ des sciences morales et rationelles et
de la littérature générale, elle est en même temps complète et pro-
fonde, principalement en philosophie aucieune et moderne ef en
matière d'instruction publique. Peu d'hommes en Europe sont
aussi familiers avec la philosophie, et en particulier avec Aristotle."
-M. PEISSE: Pref. to Fragmens de Philosophic pur Sir Wm. Hamil
ton; pp. lxxxi., lxxxiii.
are glad to learn that his lectures on logic and metaphysics
are in a state of preparation for the press. They are an-
nounced for 1859, Edin. and Boston, to be edited by Prof.
Mansel and Mr. Veitch. The death of this eminent scholar
and profound philosopher painfully reminds us of the large
number of those recorded in its pages who have exchanged
time for eternity since we commenced this voluminous re-
cord of those who have sought to instruct or amuse their
fellow-pilgrims in a world of trial and of temptation, of
folly and of wisdom, of sorrow and of joy.
As summer and winter, seed-time and harvest, have still
found us, year after year, engaged upon the present work,
we have at times thought it not improbable that we also
might be added to the long list, already chronicled, of those
who left unfinished monuments of good intentions; whose
devices were arrested by the "inexorable hour," and whose
"purposes"-to use the affecting language of the patriarch
"were broken off" in the midst.
"Le plus grand critique de notre siècle."-M. COUSIN: Fragmens
Philosophiques.
Hamilton, William. Report of the Trial of Judges
Shippen, Yeates, and Smith, in 1805, Lancaster, 8vo.
Christ, Lon., 1828, 12mo.
Hamilton, William, D.D. 1. Second Advent of
Commended by Lowndes. 2.
The Mourner in Zion Comforted, 12mo.
"Many cases of a distressed conscience ably met."-Bickersteth.
Other works.
|
some poetry, which he printed-but never published-in a
quarto volume, 1757, 4to. These were subsequently pub.
by Mr. Malone. After his death there appeared, pub. from
his MSS., Parliamentary Logick: to which are subjoined
Two Speeches delivered in the H. of C. of Ireland, and
tains an Essay on the Corn Laws, by Dr. Saml. Johnson,
other Pieces, &c., Lon., 180S, Svo. This collection con-
never before printed. A review of this vol. by Lord Jeffrey
will be found in the Edin. Rev., xv. 163–175. The reviewer
considers it rather remarkable that a "short practical trea-
tise in parliamentary oratory, by a man who was long popu-
larly supposed to have rivalled the eloquence of Chatham,
and to have guided the pen of Junius," should have made
such a "feeble impression on the public." Our surprise,
however, will be somewhat diminished when we observe
the character which he gives of this production:
"In addition to the other causes of repulsion to which we have
alluded, the style of the work, we ought to observe, is extremely
affected and peculiar. Sometimes the author mimics the pregnant
brevity of Bacon, but without his force or felicity. At other times
he emulates the obscurity and harsh technical brevity of Aristotle,
but without his science or accuracy. On one occasion, he affects
to give general and sweeping maxims: at another, he enters into
the most minute details and suggestions. Now and then he is
cunning and sagacious; and very frequently quite frivolous or
stupid."
Dr. Francis Licher, referring to this work in his treatise
on Civil Liberty and Self-Government, remarks,
"The copy which I own belonged to Dr. Thomas Cooper. That
leaf: This book contains the theory of deception in parliamentary
distinguished man has written the following remark on the fly-
debate; how to get the better of your opponent, and how to make
the worse appear the better reason. It is the well-written work
of a hackney and politician. . . . The counterpart to it is the ad-
mirable tract of Mr. Jeremy Bentham on Parliamentary Logic, the
book of Fallacies. No politician ought to be ignorant of the one
book or the other. They are well worth (not perusing, but) study-
ing.-T. C."-Vol. ii., p. 208.
Boswell, paid his conversation this high compliment:
Dr. Johnson had a great esteem for Hamilton, and, says
"I am very unwilling to be left alone, sir, and therefore I go
with my company down the first pair of stairs, in some hopes that
they may, perhaps, return again; I go with you, sir, as far as the
street-door.”—Life of Johnson.
Hamilton, Sir William Rowan, b. Aug. 4, 1805,
at Dublin, and educated at the University of that city, was
appointed Andrews Professor of Astronomy to the Univer-
sity of Dublin, and Astronomer Royal for Ireland, in 1827,
and President of the Royal Irish Academy in 1837. Lec-
tures on Quaternions, in 1843, to the Royal Irish Academy,
Dubl., 1853, Svo. This eminent scholar has also pub. va-
luable papers in Trans. Roy. Irish Acad., Phil. Trans., Lon-
don, Trans. Brit. Soc. for the Advancement of Science, Lon.,
Edin., and Dublin Philos. Mag., and Dublin Univ. Rev.
See a biog. sketch of Sir William-Our Portrait-Gallery,
No. XXVI.-in Dublin Univ. Mag., Jan. 1842, 94-110.
Le grand maître du Peripatetisme.”—M. BRandis.
When engaged in the preparation of the above article,
but a few days since, we little thought that the illustrious
philosopher to whom it is devoted would have ceased from
his labours ere our tribute saw the light. It is, however,
"so written:" Sir William Hamilton died of congestion of
the brain, after ten days' illness, on the 6th day of May,
1856, at his residence, Great King Street, Edinburgh. We
|
778
HAM
HAM
Hamley, Edward. Poems, Lon., 1796, 8vo.
Hamley, Major Edward Bruce, R.A. 1. Lady
Lee's Widowhood, Lon., 1854, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Originally
pub. in Blackwood's Magazine.
"Captain Hamley writes with admirable ease and graphic viva-
city. His humour is manly and refined; his fancy is fertile in
comic tracery; and the mere rhetoric of his composition is spirited
and graceful.”—Lon. Press.
"We have no hesitation in pronouncing Lady Lee's Widowhood
the most promising début that has been made in fiction since
Bulwer surprised the world with Pelham."-Lon. Critic.
"It is withal a bright, healthy book, with a dash of hearty
humour in it.”—Lm. Allicin.
2. The Story of the Campaign. A complete Narrative
of the War in Southern Russia, written in a Tent in the
Crimea, 1855, p. 8vo. Originally pub. in Blackwood's
Mag. A valuable work. 3. The Position on the Alma,
sketched the Day after the Battle, 1855, oblong.
Hammer, Joseph. Ancient Alphabets, &c., Lon.,
1806, sm. 4to. See M. Silvestre de Sacy's comments in
Magas. Encycl., Nov. 1810: pp. 145-174.
Hammett, Samuel A., b. 1816, at Jewett City, Conn.,
a resident of N. York since 1848. 1. A Stray Yankee in
Texas, by Philip Paxton, N. York, 1853, 12mo. 2. The
Wonderful Adventures of Captain Priest, by Philip Pax-
ton, 1855.
Hammon, George. Serms., &c., Lon., 1658, '90, '93.
Hammon, John. The Hist. of the Valerous Squire
Alector, Lon., 1589, 4to.
Hammon, Wm.
Wm. Answer to Dr. Priestley on the Ex-
istence of a God, Lon., 1833, Svo.
Hammond, Anthony, M.P., 1668-1738, a commis-
sioner of the Navy, and an associate of the men of letters
of the day, edited in 1720 a New Miscellany of Original
Poems, some of which were his own composition. He also
wrote a work on Publick Credit,1721, 8vo; Hints for Think-
ing. 1721, 8vo; and an Account of the Life and Writings
of Walter Moyle, prefixed to the works of the latter, pub.
1727, 8vo.
Hammond, Anthony. 1. Law of Nisi Prius, Lon.,
1816, Svo; Exeter, N. H., 1823, 8vo. 2. Parties to Ac-
tions, &c., Lon., 1817, '27, 8vo; Exeter, N. H., 1822, Svo.
3. Principles of Pleading, Lon., 1819, Svo. 4. Reports in
Equity, 1821, 2 vols. 8vo; N. York, 1822, Svo. 5. Crimi-
nal Code Forgery, &c., 1823, Svo. 6. Practice and Pro-
ceed. in Parl., &c., 1825, Svo. 7. Index to Term Reports,
&c., 1827, 2 vols. Svo. S. Criminal Code; Simple Larceny,
&c., 1828-29, 2 vols. fol.
Hammond, Capt. Charles. The Old English
Officer, Lon., 1679, Svo.
Hammond, Charles. Rep. of Cases in Supreme
Ct. of Ohio, 1821-39, Cin., 1833-40, 9 vols. 8vo.
Hammond, Charles D., b. 1818, at Boston, Mass.
Medical Information for the Million, N. York, 1851, 12mo.
Mr. H. is the author of many articles on Medical Reform.
Hammond, Elisha. 1. Law of Fire Insurance, &c.,
N. York, 1840, Svo. 2. Principal and Agent, 1836, Svo.
See 2 Kent's Com., 646, n. 3. Justice of the Peace, Brook-
field, 1841, 8vo. 4. Supp. to Petersdorff's Cases, N. York,
1835, 2 vols. 8vo. See 14 Amer. Jur., 231.
Hammond, or Hamond, George.
treatises, 1694, 1701, '02.
Theolog.
Hammond, Henry, D.D., 1605-1660, a native of
Chertsey, Surrey, after preparatory studies at Eton, was
sent to Magdalen Coll., Oxford, and was elected Fellow in
1625; Rector of Penshurst, Kent, 1633; Archdeacon of
Chichester, 1643; Canon of Christ Church, Oxford, 1645,
and Sub-dean, 1648. Being warmly attached to the royal
cause, he was ejected by the Parliamentary Visitors. At
the Restoration Charles II. intended to nominate him to
the bishopric of Worcester, but he died whilst preparing
for his journey to London. Charles I. declared that Ham-
mond was the most natural orator he ever heard. His
works-among which are a number in defence of the
Church of Englaud against Romanists and other Dis-
senters were collected and pub. by his amanuensis, Wm.
Fulman, in 4 vols. fol., 1674-84; a collection of his Letters
(nineteen in number) was pub. by Mr. Peck, 1739, Svo;
his Life, by Bishop Fell, 1661, 12mo; reprinted in 1806,
and in 1849;-also in Wordsworth's Eccles. Biog., iv.
313;—and a new ed. of his Miscellaneous Theological
Works was pub. in the Lib. of Anglo-Cath. Theol., Oxf.,
1847-51; 3 vols. in 4, Svo. New ed. of his Parænesis;
or, Seasonable Exhortatory, edited by Manning, 1841, 8vo.
The following are his best-known productions. 1. A
Practical Catechism, Lon., 1644, '48, 4to. A vindication
of the same, 1648, 4to; 1700, Svo; 16th ed., in the new
ed. of his Miscellaneous Works, 1847, vol. i.
—
"Hammond's Catechism is an excellent explanation f the du-
ties of our religion."-DR. WOTTON.
"A book of great use; but not to be begun with as too many
do. It does require a good deal of previous study before the force
of his reasonings is apprehended; but when one is ready for it, it
is a rare book, and states the grounds of morality and of our duty
upon true principles."-BISHOP BURNET. And see Walchii Bibl.
Theolog. Selecta.
2. Serms., 1644, fol. See vol. iv. (1684) of his collected
works, and vol. iii. (1847) of the new ed. of his Miscel-
laneous Works. 3. Paraphrases
3. Paraphrases of the Old and Annota-
tions upon the New Testament, 1653, '56, 8vo; 1659, '71,
'75, '79, '81, 1702, fol. The last is the best of the old eds.
The Annotations form vol. iii.
New ed., 1845, 4 vols. 8vo.
(1675) of his collected works. In 1698 (Amster., fol.) Le
Clere trans. it into Latin, with animadversions. Also pub.
Franckf., 1714, 2 vols. fol. These were trans. into Eng-
A Defence of Ham-
lish, and pub. as a Supp. in 1699, 4to.
mond against Le Clerc appeared in 1699, to which Le
Clerc replied. Both of these books should be added to the
Annotations. Dr. Doddridge preferred Le Clerc's edit. of
Hammond in Latin to the original. We give some opinions
of the Annotations:
6.
Hammond was a man of very considerable learning and piety,
He often succeeds in
alloyed with a portion of superstition.
illustrating the force and meaning of the Greek words and phrases
of the New Testament. His stock of classical and rabbinical in-
formation was very respectable, and furnished him with some
valuable illustrations. Ile was a moderate Arminian in doctrinal
sentiment; a great stickler for the divine origin of episcopacy;
and held some peculiar notions about the Gnostics, to whom he
supposes there are many more allusions in the New Testament
than any one else is likely to find."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
One of the most excellent of Biblical critics complains
that Hammond
Finds the Gnostics everywhere, which is his principal fault:
many of Le Clerc's animadversions upon these places are very
good; and his edition of his book in Latin I think much preferable
to the original."-DR. DODdridge.
Orme remarks that Le Clerc's Supplement, 1699, 4to,
"Is necessary to complete Hammond, and contains many things
worth reading."
Mr. Bickersteth gives us his opinion of both :
"Valuable for criticism, but deficient in evangelical views. Le
Clerc wrote many additions with Socinian tendencies."-Christian
Student.
"Le Clerc has observed, that IIammond in bis Annotations on
the New Testament borrowed largely from Grotius and Episco-
pius. and Tillotson has been called a disciple of the latter."--
BISHOP WATSON.
A late eminent modern authority remarks that Ham-
mond's work is
"In great and growing reputation. There are many good criti-
cisms, but many that are much mistaken."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Girdleston says that he
"Gives us the result of laborious study."
"Hammond excels in learned criticism to be read 'cum grano
salis.'"-DR. E. WILLIAMS.
<.
I would recommend Lowth and Patrick on the Old Testament,
and Hammond on the New."-DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON,
6.
· He [Dr. Johnson] was extremely fond of Dr. Hammond's works,
and sometimes gave them as a present to young men going into
orders. He also bought them for the library at Streatham."-
Boswell's Johnson, MS. note by J. O. C.
The Paraphrase and Annotations of Hammond on the New
Testament give a different colour to the Epistles of St. Paul from
that which they display in the hands of Beza and the other theo-
logians of the sixteenth century."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
4. Paraphrase and Annotations upon the Book of Psalms,
1659, '83, fol. This work is in vol. iv. (1684) of his col-
lected works. New ed. by Brancker, 1850, 2 vols. 8vo.
"The notes are most learned. and embrace many things which
are omitted by others, on which account Hammond is to be
reckoned among the best interpreters of the Psalms.”—WALCH.
"I think his plan of interpretation is the right one: he endea-
vours first to give the literal sense, and thence deduces the mys-
tical."-BISHOP LOWTH.
..
"The substance of the remarks on the New Testament is ap
plicable to the Annotations on the Psalmis. There is a great deal
of very dry criticism, which does not interest the reader much in
the subject of these sacred compositions. Hence this work is less
known and respected than the former."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Dr. Hammond's notes are exceedingly valuable, and contain
many learned observations that had escaped preceding commen-
tators on the Book of Psalms."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
"Of use chiefly for its critical hints.”—Williams's C. P.
"A valuable critical exposition."-Bickersteth's C. S.
5. A Pacific Discourse of God's Grace and Decrees,
1660, Svo.
“Written in a good spirit on the Arminian side, endeavouring
to shew that Bishop Sanderson accorded with him.”—Bickersteth's
C. S.
6. Paraphrases and Annotations upon the X. first Chap-
ters of the Proverbs, 1683, fol. This forms vol. iv. (1684)
of his collected works.
"Great were bis natural abilities, greater his acquired, and in
the whole circle of arts he was most accurate. He was eloquent
in the tongues, exact in antient and modern writers, was well
779
HAM
HAM
vers'c in philosophy, and better in philology, most learn'd in !
school divinity, and a great master in church antiquity. made up
of fathers, councils, ecclesiastical historians, and liturgies, as may
be at large seen in his most elaborate works.”—Athen. Oxon.
His death was an unspeakable loss to the church; for, as he
was a man of great learning, and of most eminent merit, he
having been the person that during the bad times had maintained
the cause of the church in a very singular manner, so he was a
very moderate man in his temper, though with a high principle,
and would probably have fallen into healing counsels. He was
also much set on reforming abuses, and for raising the clergy to a
due sense of the obligations they lay under."-BISHOP BURNET.
"He was the tutelar angel to keep many a poor royalist from
fumishing; it being verily believed that he yearly gave away more
than two hundred pounds."-Fuller's Worthies.
•
La
Dr. Ilammond had extended learning and real piety, and is
valuable for criticism and antiquity; but his views are far from
the simplicity of the principles of the Reformation. He is not
sound on justification by faith; righteousness by faith in Christ
has ever been a stone of stumbling and a rock of offence. Rom. ix.
30-33.
"Yet one golden sentence of his deserves recording:
"O what a glorious thing, how rich a prize for the expense of a
man's whole life. were it to be the instrument of rescuing one
soul from ruin.'' -Bickerstell's C. S.
See also Life by Bishop Fell; Biog. Brit.; Barwick's
Life; Lloyd's Memoirs; Peck's Desiderata; Churton's
Life of Nowell; Usher's Life and Letters.
Hammond, Humphrey. Serms., Lon., 1715, both
Syo.
Hammond, J., D.D.
J., D.D. An Historical Narration of
the whole Bible, Lon., 1723, Svo.
Hammond, Jabez D. Political History of New
York to Dec. 1840. Albany, 1843, 2 vols. 8vo; vol. iii.,
Syracuse, Svo.
The work is written with candour and unstudied accuracy."
-GOVERNOR SEWARD.
"Pains-taking, but not always accurate.”—PRESIDENTt King.
Hammond, James, M.P., 1710?-1742, second son
of Anthony Hammond, M.P., cherished an unfortunate
because unavailing-passion for Miss Dashwood, which
sought relief in his Love Elegies, pub. after his death
with a recommendatory preface by Lord Chesterfield. But
Dr. Beattie insists on it that Hammond was not in love
when he wrote these elegies: they are, indeed, principally
translations from Tibullus. Poetical Works, Glasg,
1787, Svo. Reprinted in vol. xi. of Johnson's and Chal-
mer's Eng. Poets, and bound up in the same vol. with
Collins's poems in Bell's pocket ed.
“Where there is fiction, there is no passion: he that describes
himself as a shepherd, and his Newera or Delia as a shepherdess,
and talks of goats and lambs. feels no passion. He that courts.
his mistress with Roman imagery deserves to lose her: for she
may with good reason suspect his sincerity."-Dr. Johnson's Lives
of the Eng. Ports.
This is about as wise as are many other of the lexico-
grapher's oracular decisions.
"İlammond was a young gentleman who appears to have fallen
in love about the year 1740, and who translated Tibullus into
English verse to let his mistress and the public know of it.”—
Hazlitt's Lect. on the Eng. Poets.
Hammond, James H., Ex-Governor of the State
of S. Carolina, b. in 1807, in Newberry district in that
state, has pub. some letters on slavery, and a number of
papers upon politics, manufactures, &c.
Hammond, John. Leah and Rachel; or, the two
fruitful Sisters, Virginia and Maryland; their present
condition stated, Lon., 1656, 4to.
Hammond, John. The Practical Surveyor, Lon.,
1762, Svo. The same, pub. by S. Warner, 1780, 8vo.
Hammond, M. C. M., U. S. Army, a younger bro-
ther of Ex-Governor Hammond, was born in 1814, in
Newberry district, South Carolina. He is the author of a
number of papers on military affairs, pub. in the Southern
Quarterly Review. He is said to be now engaged on a
trans. of Jomini's treatise on the Art of War.
Hammond, Col. Robert, Governor of the Isle of
Wight. Letters, &c. rel. to Charles I., Lon., 1764, Svo.
Hammond, Samuel. Young English Scholar's
Guide, Lon., 1744, 8vo.
"One of the forgotten Poem-writers of the last age.”—Phillips's
Theat. Port. Anglic.
Hammond, William. Serm., Lon., 1745, 12mo.
Hammond, William. Serm., Lon., 1776, 12mo.
Hammond, William Andrew. The Definitions
of Faith and Canons, &c., Oxf., 1843, 8vo.
Hamond, George. See HAMMOND.
Hamond, Thomas. See HAMMOND.
Hamond, Walter. 1. Trans. of A. Parey on Gun-
shot, &c. Wounds, Lon., 1617, 4to. 2. Madagascar, 1640,
4to. 3. Madagascar the Richest Island, &c., 1643, 4to.
Hamor, Ralphe. A trve Discovrse of the present
Estate of Virginia, Lon., 1615, 4to.
Hampden, John, 1594–1643, the resolute opposer
of the king's alleged right to levy ship-money, was slain
whilst fighting against Prince Rupert at Chalgrave Field.
Speach in defense of Himself and others, 1641, 4to. Seo
Biog. Brit.; the Histories of Eng.; Noble's Memoirs of
Cromwell: Clarendon's Rebellion; Lord Nugent's Me-
New ed., 1854,
morials of Hampden, 1852, 2 vols. Svo.
p. Svo.
The last-named work was reviewed by T. B.
Macaulay in Edin. Rev., liv. 505-550; and by Robert
Southey in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xlvii. 457–519.
Hampden, Renn Dickson, D.D., in 1810 was en-
tered of Oriel College, Oxford, of which he subsequently
became Fellow and Tutor; Public Examiner in Classics
in 1829, and also in 1831; Bampton Lecturer, 1832; Prin-
cipal of St. Mary's Hall, 1833; White's Prof. of Moral
Philos., 1834; Regius Prof. of Divinity, 1836; Bishop of
Hereford, 1847. His appointment to the two last-named
offices excited violent opposition, based upon alleged un-
soundness of doctrine exhibited in Dr. Hampden's Bamp-
ton Lectures-(1.) The Scholastic Philosophy considered
in its relation to Christian Theology, preached 1832, Ox-
ford, 1832, Svo; 2d ed., Lon., 1837, 8vo; 3d ed., 1848, Svo.
Reviewed in the British Critic, xiv. 125. Dr. Hampden
has also pub.-(2.) De Ephororum apud Lacedæmonias
magistratu. Disputatio cancellarii præmiodonata, et in
theatro Sheldoniano recitata die Jun. xxii., A. D. 1814, pp.
22, r. Svo. 3. Philosophical Evidence of Christianity,
&c., 1827, Svo. This vol. has been declared to be "an
appropriate and worthy companion to Butler's Analogy."
4. Religious Dissent, 1834, 8vo. See British Critic for
Jan`y, 1835. 5. Lects. on Moral Philosophy, 8vo. 6. In-
augural Lect. before the Univ. of Oxford, 2d ed., 1836, 8vo.
See Edin. Rev., lxiii. 225-239. 7. Parochial Serms. and
four other Sernis., 1836, 8vo. 8. On Tradition, 1839, Svo;
4th ed., 1841, 8vo. 9. Serm., Jer. xxiii. 5, 6; 3d ed., 1840,
Svo. 10. Serm., John xvii. 17-21, 1844, Svo. 11. The
Work of Christ and the Spirit, 1847, Svo. 12. Letter to
Lord John Russell, 1847, 8vo. 13. Serms. before the Univ.
of Oxford, 1836-47, Svo, 1848. 14. Charge at his Pri-
mary Visitation, 1850, Svo.
Hammond, Samuel H., b. 1809, at Bath, N. York.
1. Hills, Lakes, and Forest Streams, N. York, 1854, 12mo.
2. Hunting Adventures in the Northern Wilds, 1855, 12mo.
3. In conjunction with L. W. Mansfield, Country Margins
and 'Summer Rambles, 1855, 12mo.
Commotion
Hammond, or Hamond, Thomas.
of certaine Papists, &c., Lon., 1605, 4to.
Hammond, Thomas. Measurer, Lon., 1669, 8vo.
Hammond, William, of St. Alban's Court, in East
Kent, the collateral ancestor of James Hammond; see ante.
Poems, Lon., 1655, 8vo. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 342, £4 48.
Reprint, 1816, 4to. Sixty one copies printed, with a pre-
face by Sir S. E. Brydges.
We must not forget to give Dr. Hampden credit for his
able articles on Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, in the Ency-
clopædia Britannica, and the review of the writings of
Thomas Aquinas and the scholastic philosophy in the
Encyclopædia Metropolitana. See a notice by Sir Wil-
liam Hamilton of the article on Aristotle's Philosophy
in the Edinburgh Review for April, 1833; also pub. in
Sir William's Discussions on Philosophy, &c. Sir William
remarks that
"Dr. Whately's errors relative to Induction are, however, sur-
passed by those of another able writer, Mr. Hampden, in regard
both to that process itself, and to the Aristotelian exposition of
its nature."
The review of the writings of Aquinas and the scho-
lastic philosophy has been highly commended by a very
eminent authority:
Dr. Hampden, in his Life of Thomas Aquinas and view of the
scholastic philosophy, published in the Encyclopædia Metropoli-
tana, has the merit of having been the only Englishman, past or
present, so far as I know, since the revival of letters, who has
penetrated far into the wilderness of scholasticism.”—Hallam's
Lit. Hist. of Europe, ed. 1854, vol. i. 14, n.; see also p. 8, n. 13.
..
As regards the celebrated controversy which has made
the name of Dr. Hampden so famous over the ecclesiastical
world, we of course have no right to express an opinion
in these pages. Indeed, we do not profess to have made
any attempt to master so hydra-headed a subject. But,
for the benefit of those who have more curiosity or moro
leisure than ourselves, we append the following list of
publications upon this quæstio vexata.
1. Letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury, by Jortin
Redivivus, 3d ed., 1836, Svo, pp. 40. 2. State of Parties in
Oxford, 1836, Svo, pp. 61. 3. Elucidations of Dr. Hamp-
den's Theolog. Statements, 1836, 8vo, pp. 47. 4. Corresp.
between Dr. Hampden and the Archbishop of Canterbury,
2d ed., 1838, pp. 38. 5. Statements of Christian Doctriné
780
HAM
HAN
from the pub. Writings of Dr. Hampden, 1836, pp. 36.
6. Dr. Hampden's Theolog. Statements and the Thirty-Nine
Articles Compared, 1836, pp. 62. 7. Dr. Hampden's Past
and Present Statements Compared, 1836, pp. 22. 8. The
Official and Legal Proceedings connected with the Appoint-
ment of Dr. Hampden to the see of Hereford; the numerous
Extracts from the Canonists collated with the original
authorities and translated, with Notes and an Appendix,
1848, 8vo. See also the following articles in periodicals:
9. Edin. Rev., lxiii. 225. 10. Brit. and For. Rev., xv. 169.
11. N. Brit. Rev., viii. 286. 12. Blackw. Mag., xxxix.
425, 428, 431, 468. 13. Fraser's Mag., xxxvii. 105.
14. Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxiii. 2221. 15. N. Haven Church
Rev., i. 246.
Dr. Southey partook of the indignation which was ex-
cited by the appointment of Dr. Hampden to the Regius
Professorship, and thus expresses himself in a letter to
Herbert Hill:
6.
James 11's conduct in obtruding a Romish president upon
Magdalen was not worse than that of the present ministry in ap
pointing Dr. Hampden to the professorship of divinity. If they
had given him any other preferment, even a bishopric, it would
have been only one proof among many that it is part of their
policy to promote men of loose opinions: but to place him in the
office which he now holds was an intended insult to the Univer-
sity. In no way could the Whigs expect so materially to injure
the Church as by planting Germanized professors in our schools
of divinity. Thank God, there is too much sound learning in the
land for them to succeed in this.”—Keswick, April 2, 1836.
It is not a little curious, considered in connexion with
the above, that the bishopric followed the professorship.
On the other hand, for it is our wont to let each side
speak for itself,-the Edinburgh Reviewer (supra) can
hardly find terms strong enough to express his indigna-
tion at the persecution to which he alleges Dr. Hampden
has been subjected:
Hampe, John Henry, M.D. 1. Metallurgy, Lon.,
1778, fol. Posth. 2. Con. on nat. hist. to Phil. Trans.,
1738, '70.
Hamper, Wm., 1776-1831, a native of Birmingham,
England. The Life, Diary, and Corresp. of Sir Wm. Dug-
dale, Lon., 1837, r. 4to. This is one of the best commen-
taries on the events of the Great Rebellion.
“For numerous points of remarkable information, and for very
many other great merits. we cordially commend this volume to
every literary man and library in Great Britain."-Lon. Lit. Guz.
See also Lon. Gent. Mag.: Lon. Month. Rev., July, 1827;
Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, p. 162; our life of SIR WM.
DUGDALE, in this Dictionary.
Hampole, Hampoole, or Hampull, Richard.
See ROLLE.
Duties of Trustees, 2d ed.,
Hampson, Sir G. F.
Lon., 1830, Svo.
Hampson, John. 1. Calvinism, 1788, Svo. 2. Mem.
of John Wesley, &c., 1791, 3 vols. 12mo. 3. Poetics of
Vida, &c., 1793, Svo. 4. Serms., 1793, Svo.
Hampson, R. T. 1. Dates, Charters, and Customs
of the Middle Ages, Lon., 1841, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Origines
Patricia; or, a Deduction of European Titles of Nobility
and Dignified Officers from their Primitive Sources, 1846,
8vo and r. Svo.
"None can be said to know things well, who do not know them
in the beginning."-SIR WM. TEMPLE.
Hampson, Wm. 1. Duckingfield Lodge; a Poem,
Lon., 1793, 4to. 2. Essay on the Management of Cows,
1796, Svo.
"And for such persecution," he tells us. "the plea of conscience
is not admissible: it can only be a conscience so blinded by wilful
neglect of the highest truth. or so corrupted by the habitual in-
dulgence of evil passions. that it rather aggravates than excuses
the guilt of those whom it misleads.”—April, 1836: 239.
Hancock, John, LL.D., 1737?-1793, one of the
signers of the Declaration of American Independence, a
Hampden, Rob. Trevor, Vice-com. de Britannia, son of John Hancock of Braintree, and a grandson of
Lathmon, Villa Bromhamensis, Poemata, nunc primum John Hancock of Lexington, was a native of Quincy,
curante. Filio Joan. Trevor edita, Parmæ, Typis Bodo- Mass.; grad. at Harvard Coll., 1754; Member of the House
nianis, 1792, fol. 115 copies printed. Vellum paper, 15 of Rep. for Boston, 1766: President of the Provincial Con-
copies printed. One copy on vellum sold at Junot's salegress of Mass., 1774; President of the Continental Con-
for £15 158. Ordinary copies have been sold at £1 16s. gress, 1775; Governor of Mass., 1780-84 and 1787-93.
to £6 68. These poems are praised by Lords Hardwicke He pub. an Oration on the Boston Massacre, 1774. See
and Lyttelton.
Lives of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence;
National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans;
the histories of the United States.
Hancock, John. On Quakers, Lon., 1802,'03, both Sro.
Hancock, Robert. Serin., &c., Lon., 1680, '$2,
both 4to.
Hampstead, Capt. J. 1. Naval Tactics, 1808, 4to.
2. Phenomena of Nature, 1811, Svo.
Hampton. Existence of the Human Soul after Death
proved, Lon., 1711, Svo.
!
"Accuracy and probity shine in his writings. He was a scholar,
a statesman, and a philosopher. In Polybius we meet with nothing
lator has preserved the admirable sense and improved the coarse
but unadorned simplicity and plain reason. . . . The English trans
original."GIBEON.
Hampton, George. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1785, &c.
Hampton, James N. Fall of Man, Lon., 1750, Svo.
Hampton, Rev. James, d. 1778. 1. Trans. from
the Greek of the General Hist. of Polybius, Lon., 1756,
'72, 2 vols. 4to; 1772, 4 vols. 8vo. With a Preface by Dr.
Johnson. 2. Two Extracts from the 6th Book of Polybius,
1764, 4to.
"I was very little acquainted with the merits of this work till
they were pointed out by Jebb. The Preface was certainly revised
and improved by Dr. Johnson."-DR. PARR.
6.
tions."-CHANCELLOR Kent.
Polybius's history is interwoven with sound political reflec
Hampton, Wm. Serms., 1660, '67, both 4to.
Hamstead, J. Cause of Gravity, &c., 1811. Pro-
bably the same as HAMSTEAD, CAPT. J., above.
Hanam, Richard.
Richard. See HAINAM.
Hanburg, N. 1. Horologia Scoterica, &c., Lon.. 1682,
4to. 2. Supp. Analyticum ad Equationes Cartesianis,
Camb., 1691, 4to.
Hanbury, Barnard, and Rev. George Wad-
dington. Journal of a Visit to some Parts of Ethiopia,
Lon., 1822. 4to.
|
Mr. Waddington. we understand. has the reputation of being
a good classical scholar: we cannot bowever say much in favour
of his English."-Lon. Quar. Rev., xxvii. 215-230, q. r.
Hanbury, Benjamin. Hist. Memorials of the Con.
gregationalists, Lon., 1839–44, 3 vols. 8vo. Reviewed in
Lon. Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., vi. 335.
Hanbury, Rev. Wm., of Leicester, d. 1718, puh. A
Complete Body of Planting and Gardening, Lon., 1770-
73. 2 vols. fol., and some other works, 1758-67.
Hancock, Blith.
▸▸
1. Eclipses, Norw., 1783, 8vo.
2. Astronomy of Comets, 1786, Svo.
bury, London, Preb. of Canterbury, and Chaplain to the
Hancock, John, D.D., Rector of St. Margaret's, Loth-
Duke of Bedford. Serms., &c., 1697-1739.
Mass. Serms., 1722, '24, '26, '48.
Hancock, John, 1670-1752, a minister of Lexington,
Hancock, John, d. 1744, aged 41, a minister of Brain-
tree, Mass., son of the preceding. Serms., &c., 1738, 39,
43. '48.
Hancock, Thomas, M.D., wrote a number of books
in defence of the principles of the Quakers, (Lon., 1828,
'35, &c.,) one of which was an answer to Crewsden's Bea-
con to the Society of Friends. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib.,
col. 1176-77.
Dr. Hancock cleaves to the mysticism of Barclay, but advances
some admirable sentiments."-Ubi supra.
burn.
Hancock, Wm., minister of St. Paul's Chapel, Kil-
1. Hear the Church, 4th ed., Lon., 1848, fp. Svo.
2. Serm., 12mo. 3. Two Serms., 1841, 12mo.
Serms., 1845. p. Svo.
4. Posth.
Bagshot; Archæol., 1785.
Handasyd, Talbot Blayney. Antiquities near
Handley, James. 1. Colloquia Chirurgiea, Lon.,
Economy, &c., 1721, Svo.
1705, Svo. 2. Comp. of Anatomy, 1705, Svo. 3. Animal
4. The Plague, 1721, Svo.
1789, Svo.
Hands, Eliz. Death of Amnon; a Poem, Lon.,
Hands, Wm. 1. Rules in K. B., Lon., 1796, Svo.
tions, 1808, Svo.
2. Solic. Prac. in K. B., 1803, Svo. 3. Patents for Inven-
tions, 1808, Svo. 4. Solic. Assist. in Ct. of Chan., 1809,
Svo. 5. Election Petitions, 1812, Svo.
in Ct. C. P., 4th ed., 1825, Svo.
6. Fines and Recov.
Handy, Washington R., M.D., Prof. of Anatomy
and Physiology in Baltimore Coll. of Dental Surgery, b.
1812, in Somerset co., Maryland. A Text-Book of Anato-
my, and Guide in Dissections, Phila., 1854, r. Svo, pp. 810.
It is adapted alike to Medical and Dental Students."-South.
Jour. of Med. and Phys. Sci.
▸▸
Dr. II. has contributed largely to the Amer. Jour. of
Dental Science, and to the Brit. Med. and Surg. Jour.
Hanerfield, Thomas. Funl. Serm., 1811.
Hanford, C. J., editor of an English trans. from the
Spanish of Balmez's Protestantism and Catholicity com-
pared, &c., Lon., 1849, Svo.
..
This work has not undeservedly been translated into English,
781
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HAN
French. and Italian. Mcderate in its tone. tolerant in its senti-
ments, and on the whole candid in its statements, it is one of the
few works of religious controversy that maintain throughout a
philosophic character and spirit.”—Lon. Athenæum.
Hanger, Col. George, afterwards Lord Cole-
raine, served in the American war, and gives an account
of his residence in this country in his Life, Adventures,
and Opinions, Lon., 1801, 2 vols. Svo. He also pub. tracts
on military subjects, 1789, '92, '95, 1804, and the Lives,
Adventures, and Sharping Tricks of eminent Gamesters,
1804, 12mo.
Hanger, Philip. Men cast away at Sea, Lon., 1675,
4to.
Hanhart, M. and N. Narrative of the Cruise of the
Yacht Maria among the Faroe Islands, in the Summer of
1854, Lon., 1855, r. Svo.
Hankin, Christiana C. Life of Mary Anne Schim-
melpenninck, Author of Select Memoirs of Port Royal,
and other Works, edited by her Relation, C. C. H.
Lon. Athen., 1858, Pt. 2, 166, and Lon. Examiner.
Hankin, Rev. Edward, M.D. Polit. tracts, &c.,
1786-1815.
See
Hankinson, Thomas E. Serms., &c., Lon., 1833-44.
Hanley, P., M.D. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1771.
Hanley, Sylvanus. 1. Young Conchologist's Book
of Species, Lon., 1840, '42, p. 8vo. 2. Ipsa Linnæi Cou-
chylia, 1855, Svo.
"His Shells of Linnæus will rank as the standard by which all
systematic conchologists must henceforth abide as respects the
nomenclature of the Linnæan species."-Westminster Rev., April,
1856, q. v.
&c.
3. Enlarged ed. of Wood's Index Testaceologicus. 1855,
4. In conjunction with W. Wood, English ed. of
Lamarck's Cat. of Recent Shells, 1844-50. 5. Catalogue
of Bivalve Shells, 1856, Svo.
Hanmer. J. W. Reports of Cases in K.B., &c., from
the MSS. of Lord Kenyon, Lon., 1819-25, 2 vols. Svo. See
Wallace's Reporters; Marvin's Leg. Bibl.
Hanmer, Sir John, Bart. 1. Sonnets, Lon., 12mo.
2. Fra Cipolla, and other Poems, 1839, Svo. Commended
by Lon. Athen.. 1839, 982.
Hanmer, Rev. Jonathan, d. 1687, wrote a work
upon Confirmation, 1658, Svo, one on Eccles. Antiq., and
some other treatises.
Hanmer, Meredith, D.D., 1543-1604, Chaplain of
Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf., and subsequently treasurer to
the Church of the Holy Trinity, Dublin. 1. Chronicle of
Ireland, by M. Hanmer, Edm. Campion, and Edm. Spen-
Pub. by Sir James Ware, Dubl., 1633, fol. 2. A
Chronographie. This is annexed to his trans. of the
Eccles. Histories of Eusebius, Socrates, and Evagrius, Lon.,
scr.
1577, '85, 1650, fol. 3. The Jesuities Banner, 1581, 4to.
4. Confut. of M. Champion, 1581, Svo. 5. The Baptizing
of a Turke; a Serm., 1586, 16mo. Other works.
Hanmer, Sir Thomas, M.P., 1676?-1746, Speaker
of the House of Commons and M. P. for nearly thirty years,
devoted much time and labour to the preparation of an
edit. of the Works of Shakspeare, which he presented to
the Univ. of Oxford. It was pub., Oxford, 1744, 6 vols.
See Lowndes's Bibl.
4to, with engravings by Gravelot.
Man., 1647; Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 801. In 1838,
8vo, appeared Sir Thomas's Life and Corresp., which has
been already noticed. See BUNBURY, SIR HENRY.
Hanna, William, LL.D. See CHALMERS, THOMAS,
D.D., LL.D.
Hannam, John. Economy of Waste Manures, Lon.,
1844, fp. Svo.
The treatise is valuable. and the author is known as the writer
of several prize essays.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Mr. H.'s Prize Essays have been On the Use of Hand
Tillages, On the Effects of Special Manures, &c.
"Mr Hannam's excellent treatise on Waste Manures points out
the great loss of manure going on on almost every farm, and it
gives directions which will be found extremely useful for the pre-
servation of all kinds of manures in their most effective state.”-
Address of the Council of the Yorkshire Agr. Soc. Trans., 1843, page
135.
Hannam, Richard. See HAINAM.
Hannam, Rev. Thomas. 1. An Analyt. Comp.;
or, Outlines of Serms., Lon., 1801-02, 2 vols. 18mo. 2. The
Pulpit Assist.; or, Outlines of Serms., 1810, 4 vols. 18mo;
5th ed., revised by James Anderson, 1840, 18mo.
Hannay, David. Ned Allen; or, The Past
Ned Allen; or, The Past Age,
Lon., 2 vols. p. 8vo.
"We have read Mr. Hannay's lucubrations with much edifica-
tion."-Lon. Lit. Gazetle.
Hannay, George K. 1. Concord. to the N. Test.,
Edin., 1835, 32mo. Commended by Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
2. Concord. to the O. and N. Tests., Lon., 1837, r. 18mo;
new ed., 1839.
"Such a work is all that the Scripture student could desire.”— ·
Scottish Guardian.
Hannay, James, b. at Dumfries, Scotland, in 1827,
served in the Royal Navy until 1845, since which he has
devoted his time to literary pursuits. He has been a large
contributor to Punch and other English periodicals. 1. Bis-
cuits and Grog, 1838. 2. Claret-Cup, 1848. 3. Hearts are
Trumps, 1848. 4. King Dobbs, 1849. 5. Singleton Fonte-
noy, 1850, 3 vols.
6. Sands and Shells, 1854. 7. Satire
and Satirists: Six Lects. S. Eustace Conyers, 1855, 3
vols. Mr. Hannay occupies a distinguished position as a
writer of fiction. See Men of the Time, Lon., 1856.
Hannay, Patrick. 1. Two Elegies, Lon., 1619, 4to.
2. A Happy Husband, 1619, Svo. 3. The Nightingale,
Sheretine and Mariana, Songs and Sonets, and the two
preceding works, all in one vol. Svo, 1622. Sold at Bind-
ley's sale for £35 14s.; Sykes's, £42; Perry's, £38 68.
Hannay, R. Polit. publications, 1821-31.
Hannay, Robert. Proceed. of the Quakers, 1694.
Hannes, Edward. An Account of the Dissection
of the Duke of Gloucester, 1700, 4to.
Hannes, Wm. Serms., 1717-25.
Hansard, George. Law rel. to Aliens, 1844-46, 8vo.
Hansard, George Agar. The Book of Archery,
Lon., 1840, 8vo. With 15 illustrations.
"The pictorial embellishments are some of the most beautiful
we have seen.”—Lon. Art-Union.
Hansard, Hugh J. Letters and Thoughts rel. to
Christian Knowledge and Justice, 1784, Svo.
Hansard, John. Entries of Declarations, and other
Pleadings, &c., Lon., 1685, fol.
Hansard, T. C. Parliamentary Debates from 1803
to 1856, and continued regularly. Cobbett's Parl. Debates
were merged in Hansard's Debates. To these the legal
and historical student should add Parliamentary History,
from the earliest period (1072) to 1803, 36 vols., and How-
ell's State Trials, 34 vols. r. Svo. And, if he can, let him
also procure the Rolls of Parliament, 1278-1503, with the
General Index, 7 vols. fol. Respecting the value of the
Parliamentary History to the historical student, see Prof.
Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist. and Lord Brougham's Po-
litical Philosophy. To Mr. Hansard we are also indebted
for Typographia, 1825, r. 8vo, and for Treatises on Print-
ing and Type- Founding, pub. in Encyc. Brit., and re-
printed in a p. Svo vol.; last ed., 1851.
"A Printer's manual, which every one in the trade will find it
his interest to possess."- Westminster Review.
Hanselins, J. G. Medicina Brevis, 1714, Svo.
Hanson, A. C. 1. Laws of Maryland, 1765-84,
Annap., 1787, fol. 2. Rept. case Baptis Irvine, Balt.,
1808, Svo.
Hanson, Rev. J. H., d. 1857. The Lost Prince:
Facts tending to prove the identity of Louis XVII. of France
N. York, 1854, 12mo. See Putnam's Mag., Feb., April, and
and the Rev. Eleazer Williams, Missionary to the Indians,
July, 1853; Feb. 1854. In the Appendix to the Redeemed
Captive Returning to Zion, being an account of the Rev.
John Williams, (Northampton, Mass., 1853, 16mo,) the
author professes to prove that the Rev. Eleazer Williams
is a direct descendant of the Rev. John Williams, and
therefore that he cannot be "The Lost Prince." Mr. Wil-
liams d. in 1858. See Knickerbocker Mag., Nov. 1858.
Hanson, Rev. J. W., b. 1823, at Boston, Mass.
1. Hist. of Danvers, Mass. 2. Hist. of Norridgewock,
Maine. 3. Hist. of Gardiner, Maine. 4. Starry Oracles.
5. Ladies' Casket. 6. Flora's Dial. 7. Offering to Beauty.
S. Witnesses to the Truth, &c.
Hanson, Joseph. Petitions for Peace, 1808.
Hanson, Sir Levett. Hist. of Knighthood, Lon.,
1802, 2 vols. 8vo. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1080.
Hanson, Martha. Sonnets, &c., 1809, Lon., 2 vols.
Svo.
Hanson, Raphe. Certain Nautical Questions.
Hanvil, John, a monk of St. Alban's, of the 12th
cent., wrote a long Latin poem, in nine books, entit. Archi-
trenius, Paris, 1517, 4to. There are two MSS. of it in the
Bodleian Library, with some epistles, epigrams, and other
poems, by the same author.
Hanway, James. Brit. Troops in America, 1760, 8vo.
Hanway, John. 1. Psalmi Davidis I., &c., Lon.,
1723, fol.; 1726, 8vo. 2. Trans. and Poems, 1730, 8vo.
Hanway, Jonas, 1712-1786, a native of Portsmouth,
England, resided for some years in Russia, engaged in
mercantile business. On his return he pub. the work by
which he is best known: An Hist. Account of the Brit.
Trade over the Caspian Sea, with a Jour. of Travels from
London through Russia into Persia, and back again
through Russia, Germany, and Holland, Lon., 1753-54,
782
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4 vols. 4to. This is a work of considerable value; but
some years later Jonas gave to the world an account of a
much less extensive tour, viz.: A Journal of Eight Days'
Journey from Portsmouth to
to Kingston-upon-Thames,
through Southampton, Wiltshire, &c. To which is added
an Essay upon Tea and its pernicious consequences, 1756,
2 vols. 8vo. Dr. Johnson's notice of these works deserves
to be quoted:
"Jonas," says he. "acquired some reputation by travelling
abroad. but lost it all by travelling at home."-Boswell's Johnson:
Where see also the account of Johnson's defence of his
favourite beverage against Jonas's onslaught upon it, and
the good philanthropist's rejoinder.
Hanway took a lively interest in the promotion of reli-
gion and the welfare of the poorer classes, and pub. many
treatises upon these subjects. See Pugh's Life of Han-
way; Johnson's Works, by Hawkins; Watt's Bibl. Brit.;
Forster's Life of Goldsmith; McCulloch's Lit. of Polit.
Econ.; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. xv. Jonas deserves a kindly
remembrance every rainy day, for to him the male sex are
indebted for the use of the umbrella. The great Christian
institution of the Sunday-School, which no Christian or
patriot should neglect, found a zealous advocate in the
excellent Hanway. He was also the principal founder of
the Marine Society and the Magdalen Hospital.
Harbaugh, Henry, b. 1817, Franklin co., Penna.,
pastor of the First German Reformed Church. Lancaster,
Penna. 1. Heaven; or, The Sainted Dead, Phila., 1848,
12mo. 2. Heavenly Recognition of Friends, 1851, 12mo.
3. Heavenly Home, 1853, 12mo. 4. Birds of the Bible,
1854, 4to. 5. Union with the Church, 1856, 18mo. 6.
The Fathers of the German Reformed Church in Europe
and America, 1857-58, 3 vols. 12mo. 7. The Life of the
Rev. Michael Schlatter, 1857, 12mo. S. The True Glory
of Woman, 1858, 12mo. Mr. Harbaugh's works have been
widely circulated and highly commended.
Harbert, Sir Wm., Knt. 1. Lett. to a Roman pre-
tended Catholike, Lon., 1586, 4to. 2. Laudes of Sir P.
Sidney, 1586, 4to. 3. Prophesie of Cadwallader, last
King of the Britaines, 1606, 4to. Bindley, £7 108.
Harbin, Rev. George. See BEDFORD, HILKIAH.
Harbin, Thomas. Traveller's Companion, Lon.,
1702.
Harby, Isaac, 1788-1828, a native of Charleston,
S. C., was the author of the Gordian Knot, a Play, 1807;
Alberti, a Play; an Address before the Reformed Society
of Israelites, 1825; and numerous essays in the periodi-
cals of the day. In June, 1828, he removed to New York,
where he contributed to the Evening Post, and other
Journals. A selection from his Miscellaneous Writings
was pub. 1829, Charleston, Svo, by Henry L. Pinckney
and Abraham Moise. See Duyckineks' Cye. of Amer. Lit.
Harby, Thomas. Passages of Scripture, 1678, fol.
Harcourt, James, D.D. Serms., 1721, '35, both to.
Harcourt, Leveson Vernon, Chancellor of the
Cathedral, and Preb. of York. 1. The Doctrine of the
Deluge, Lon., 1838, 2 vols. Svo. A valuable work. 2. A
Remonstrance to the Bp. of Exeter, &c., 1850, Svo.
Lects. on the Four Gospels Harmonized, 1851, 3 vols. Svo.
Harcourt, Robert. A Relation of a Voyage to
Guiana, Lon., 1613, '26, 4to. La même, traduite en Hol-
landais, Leyden, 1707, Svo. This will be also found entire
in the Harleian Miscell., and a portion of it is in Pur-
chas's Pilgrimes, vol. iv. Lowndes, by a misprint doubt-
less, makes it read Voyage to Guinea!
3.
Hardcastle, David, Jr. 1. Letters on the Currency,
Lon., Svo. 2. Banks and Bankers, 2d ed., 1842, p. Svo.
The bankers of a country-the Hopes and Welles' and
Barings of the Old World, and the Wards, the Drexels,
the Clarks, and the Corcorans of the New-are powerful
auxiliaries to the enterprise and energy developed in the
walks of Commerce and the marts of Trade.
Hardcastle, Thomas. Christian Geography and
Arithmetic, being a Survey of the World in several Serms.,
Lon., 1674, Svo.
Hardcastle, Wm. 1. Genealog. Text-Book; Brit.
Hist., Lon., 18mo. 2. Cat. of Astronomy, &c., 1845, 18mo.
Hardeby, Geoffrey, an Augustine monk, confessor
to Henry II., and Prof. at Oxford, d. 1360, wrote Lects.
ou the 0. and N. Tests., A Hist. of his Order, and a Tract
on Evangelical Poverty.
Hardie, David. Taxation of Coals, Lon., 1792, Svo.
Hardie, Thomas. Serms., Hawick, 1811.
Hardiman, J. Hist. of the Town and County of
Galway, Dubl., 1820, 4to.
·
in Court of Appeals, Kentucky, 1805 08, Frankfort,
1810, 8vo.
Harding. Farmers' Account-Book for 1816-17.
Harding, A. An Epitome of Universal History from
the Earliest Period to 1848, Lon., 1848, 8vo.
"Historical charts, and a copious chronological index to assist
the meinory, add to the usefulness of this epitome, which is
otherwise well calculated for the purposes of instruction."-Lon
Lit. Gazette.
Harding, J. D., b. 1797, an artist of London, has
pub. a number of valuable works, among which are Lessons
Lessons on Trees, Elementary Art, and the Principles of
on Art, The Guide and Companion to the Lessons on Art,
Art. Sketches at Home and Abroad: 60 tinted drawings,
imp. fol.
"A treasure-house of delight. Here Northern Italy yields up
its architectural glories and its lake-scenery, Venice its palaces,
the Tyrol is romantic valleys and villages, the Rhenish cities
their picturesque beauty, and France and England their greenest
spots of remembrance."-Im. Atien.
See Men of the Time, Lon.. 1856; Westm. Rev.. April, 1855
Harding, J. W. Sketches in North Wales, Lon.
1810. fol.
chronicler, b. 1378, lived at least to the age of $7.
Harding, or Hardyng, John, an old English
HA
was employed in collecting documents for the purpose of
to the kings of England, and is said to have forged papers
ascertaining what fealty was due from the Scottish kings
where he did not find what he looked for: but it is pos-
sible that Harding himself was deceived.
that be acquired a taste for such researches, and drew up
Certain it is
a Metrical Chronicle of England from the earliest times
ton, with a continuation to the 34th year of Henry VIII.,
to the reign of Henry IV. It was first printed by Graf-
by the same, in prose, in 1543, sm. 4to. This edit. is very
rare; the Roxburghe copy was sold for £13 13., which
we believe to have been the highest price ever paid for it.
In 1812 a new ed. was pub. in r. 4to, with a biographical
and literary preface by Sir Henry Ellis. To this preface,
and to the authorities subjoined below, we refer the
reader.
This work is almost beneath criticism, and fit only for the at-
tention of an antiquary. Harding may be pronounced to be the
most impotent of our metrical historians. especially where we
recollect the great improvements which English poetry had now
received. I will not even except Robert of Gloucester, who lived
iu the infancy of taste and versification. The chronicle of this
authentic and laborious annalist has hardly those more modest
graces which could properly recommend and adorn a detail of
the British story in prose. He has left some pieces in prose: and
Winstanley says. As his prose was very usefull, so was his poetry,
poetry are equally useful and delightful. What can be more
as much delightfull.' I am of opinion that both his prose and
frigid and unanimated than these lines?
Kyng Arthure then in Avalon so died, &c.?"
Warton's Hist. of Eng. Part., ed. 1840; ii. 330.
Good old Thomas Fuller estimates Harding's poetry at
a much higher rate:
6.
In my judgment, he bad drank as hearty a draught of Helicon
as any in his age.”—Worthies of Yorkshire, ed. 1840, iii. 428.
Mr. Hallam remarks that, whilst Lydgate and Bishop
Recock are not read with ease by the modern student, the
Paston Letters, Sir John Fortescue's Discourse on Mon-
archy, and Harding's Chronicle, present scarcely any
difficulty. See Literary Hist. of Europe, ed. 1854, i. 311-
312. See also Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet. Anglic. ;
Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib.; Dibdin's Typ. Antiq.;
and his Lib. Comp.
+
Harding, John, late Priest and Dominican Fryar.
A Recantation Serm. on Ps. cxix. 71, Lon., 1620, 4to.
"Wherein he hath declared his just motives which have moved
him to leave the Church of Rome."
Harding, John, D.D., Bishop of Bombay, 1851;
formerly Rector of St. Ann's, Blackfriars. 1. Serm., Lʊn.,
1837, 8vo. 2. Serm., 1841, 12mo.
Harding, Nathaniel. Serms., Lon., 1714, '15, both
Svo.
Harding, S. and E. 1. Shakspeare illustrated by
Portraits and Views. Lon., 1793, Svo. 2.
2. Biographical
Mirrour, 1795–1810, 3 vols. 4to, £7 108.
Harding, Samuel. Sicily and Naples, or the Fatall
Union; a Tragedy, 1640, 4to.
A
-
Harding, Samuel. Coats of Arms of English No-
bility, Lon., 1741, 4to.
Harding, or Hardinge, Thomas, D.D.,1512-1572,
educated at and Fellow of New College, Oxford, Hebrew
Prof. of the Univ. in 1542, became a zealous Roman Ca-
tholic, and wrote seven controversial tracts (1564–68) in
opposition to Bishop Jewel.
Each writer, Jewel and Hardinge, was considered as the
champion of his party, and each allowed by both parties to dis-
play great ability in the controversy."-CHARLES BUTLER.
“A valuable addition to Irish topography."
Hardin, Martin D., of Kentucky. Rep. of Cases Humphrey thus compares them :
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"In multis pares sunt & ambo doctrinæ & eloquentiæ gloria | Life of James Caulfield, Earl of Charlemont, Lon., 1810,
præcellentes."-Life of Jewel.
4to; 1812. 2 vols. Svo.
See JEWEL, JOHN, and authorities there cited; Bliss's
Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Dodd's Ch. Hist.; Prince's Wor-
thies of Devon; Strype's Cranmer; Tanner; Lowndes's
Brit. Lib., 1038.
Variation of the Needle;
Harding, Thomas.
Trans. Irish Acad., 1791.
Harding, Rev. Thomas. Edit. of Henrie Bul-
linger's Fiftie Godlie and Learned Serms., in 5 Decades ;
Parker Society, Camb., 1849-51, &c., 4 vols. Svo. See
Strype's Annals of the Reform.; Saxii Onomasticon;
Vita à Simlero; Melchior Adam in vitis Theolog.
Hardinge, C. S. Views in India, Lon., 1847, imp.
fol. Pub. £5 58.: £7 78.; £10 10s.
Hardinge, George, 1744-1816, a son of Nicholas
Hardinge, educated at Trin. Coll., Camb., was in 1787
made Senior Justice of the counties of Brecon, Glamor-netism,
gan, and Radmor, and in 1789 appointed Attorney-Gene-
ral to the Queen. He wrote Letters to Burke on the
impeachment of Hastings; Chalmeriana,―an attack on
George Chalmers's Supp. Apology for the Believers in the
Shakspeare Papers, 1808, Svo; the Essence of Malone,-
an attack on Malone's Life of Dryden, 1800, Svo, 2d ed.
same year; Another Essence of Malone, an attack on
Malone's Shakspeare, 1801, Svo; The Filial Tribute;
Three Serms., by a Layman; An Essay on the Character
of Jonathan; The Russian Chiefs, an Ode, 1814, 4to; 2d
ed., same year; Memoirs of Dr. Sneyd Davies, 1817, Svo.
A speech of his, delivered at the Bar of the House of
Lords, against Fox's East India Bill, was pub. in 1783,
8vo. His Miscellaneous Works in Prose and Verse, with
the life of the author, were pub. by John Nichols in 1818,
3 vols. 8vo, q. v.; see also Nichols's Lit. Anec., and HAR-
DINGE, NICHOLAS.
Hardinge, Rev. H. Remarks on the 12th and 14th
Chaps. of 1st Epist. to the Corinth., &c., Lon., 1836, 8vo.
"This tract elucidates certain words and difficult passages in
the third and thirteenth chapters of St. Paul's First Epistle to the
Corinthians."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
|
Hardinge, Nicholas, M.P., 1700-1758, father of G.
Hardinge, educated at King's Coll., Camb., was chief clerk
of the H. of Commons, 1731-52, and subsequently appointed
joint Secretary of the Treasury. He was an excellent
classical scholar and a learned antiquary. Poems, Latin,
Greek, and English, with an Essay on Govt., Lon., 1818,
8vo. A former ed. for private distribution was printed
in 1780. Collected and revised by George Hardinge.
See Nichols's Select Collection of Poems, 1780, Svo.
Hardisway, Peter, M.D. Med. con. to Phil. Trans.,
1723, '27.
Hardman, Rev. Ed. Explan. and Prac. Comment.
on the N. Test., Dubl., 1830-32, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., by
Dalton, 1839, 2 vols. 8vo.
66
They contain several useful hints on prophetical passages, pub-
lished before his views became warped by Irvingism."-BICKERSTETII.
Hardman, F. Trans. of Prof. Weiss's Hist. of the
French Protestant Refugees, Lon., 1854, 8vo.
"We huil the appearance of M. Weiss's book with pleasure."-
Elin. Rev.
Hardress, Sir Thomas, Knt. Rep. of Cases in
Excheq., 1664-80, and to 21 Chas. II., Lon., 1693, fol.; 2d
ed., Dubl., 1792, fol.
"This volume contains some of the most learnedly argued of
the old Reports."-GREEN.
See Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 201.
Hardwick, Charles, Fellow of St. Catherine's Hall,
and Whitehall Preacher. 1. An Hist. Inq. rel. to St.
Catherine of Alexandria; Camb. Antiq. Soc. Pub. in
vol. xv. 2. Hist. of the Thirty-Nine Articles, Camb., 1851,
8vo. 3. Twenty Serms. for Town Congregations, 1853, cr.
8vo. 4. Hist. of the Christian Church, 7th cent. to the Re-
formation, 1853, p. Svo. Highly commended in the Brit.
Quar., Nov. 1853; Clerical Jour., Sept. 22, 1853; Chris. Re-
memb., Oct. 1853; Nonconformist, Nov. 30, 1853; Notes
and Queries, Oct. S. 1853; Spectator, Sept. 17, 1853;
Guardian, April 12, 1854.
Hardwick, Humphrey. Serms.. Lon., 1644.
Hardwick, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1638, 4to.
Hardwicke, Major-General, and Mr. Gray.
Illustrations of Indian Zoology, Lon., 2 vols. fol., £21.
See Archæol., 1785; Trans. Linn. Soc., 1804.
64
• From what we have now said, the render will conclude that
we think very favourably of this book: and we do think it both
entertaining and instructive. But-for there is always a but in a
Reviewer's praises-it has also its faults and its imperfections; and
these, alas! so great and so many, that it requires all the good-nn-
ture we can catch by sympathy from the author not to treat him
now and then with a terrible and exemplary severity.”—LORD
JEFFREY: Elin. Rev., xix. 95-128; and in his Miscellanies.
"Not that these Memoirs of Lord Charlemont form a complete
History of Ireland during the life of that nobleman: that is what
they neither are nor pretend to be, but they afford a very liberal
and entertaining contribution towards it; they supply a great
deal of important matter which is not to be obtained from any
other source."-EARL DUDLEY: Lon. Quar. Rev., vi. 124-147.
Mr. Hardy contributed a paper on the Agamemnon of
schylus to Trans. Irish Acad.. 1788.
Hardy, H. H. Analytical Researches in Spirit Mag-
Lon., 1852, 8vo.
Hardy, Henry. A Vision from the Lord, 1792, 8vo.
Hardy, Horatio Charles. Register of Ships in E.
I. Co.'s Service, 1760-1811, Lon., 1811. Revised and con
tinued by his son.
Hardy, J. Memoirs of Lord Nelson, 1806.
Hardy, James. Arithmetic, Lon., 1760, 8vo.
Hardy, James, M.D. Colic, &c., 1788, '90, both Svo.
Hardy, John. 1. Voyage to Bermudas, 1661, 4to.
2. Voyage to Barbadoes, 1671, Svo.
Hardy, John Stockdale, Registrar of the Arch-
deaconry Courts of Leicester. 1. Hours of Thought, Lon.,
1840, fp. Svo. 2. Palace of Phantasy and other Poems,
1845, fp. 8vo. 3. Literary Remains, edited by John Gough
Nichols, 1852, Svo.
"A very pleasing work, which will suit Conservative politicians
and antiquaries, whilst it affords matter interesting to the Eccle
siastical Lawyer."-Lon. Law Magazine, May, 1852.
Hardy, Jos. Tour in the Mts. of the Pyrenees, Lon.,
r. Svo.
Hardy, Nathaniel, D.D., 1618-1670, entered at Mag.
dalen Hall, Oxford, 1632; became minister of St. Dionis
Back-Church and Vicar of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields;
Archdeacon of Lewes and Dean of Rochester, 1660.
Serms., 1646-66. First Epist. General of John unfolded
and applied, 1656, 4to. A Puritan exposition.
Hardy, Philip Dixon. 1. Wellington; a Poem,
1814, 4to. 2. Holy Wells of Ireland, 1841, 18mo. 3. Uni-
tarianism Unmasked. 4. The Northern Tourist. 5. The
Philosophy of Christianity: 2d ed., 1847, 12mo. 6. Popery in
Ireland in 1846-47, Svo; 1847. 7. Tourist through Ireland,
1858. Mr. Hardy's name is widely known in connexion with
the Dublin Penny Journal and other literary enterprises.
|
Hardy, R. Spence, Wesleyan Missionary. ~ 1. Thə
British Government and the Idolatry of Ceylon, Lon.,
1841, Svo. 2. Eastern Monachism, Lon., 1850, Svo.
The volume deserves an European circulation."-Lon. Chris
tian Times,
Hardy, Lieut. R. W. H. Travels in the Interior
of Mexico in 1825-28, Lon., 1829, Svo. Hardy was de-
puted to take charge of a Pearl Fishery in the Gulf of
California. His book gives interesting accounts of Guay-
mas, Sonora, and Lower California. It is illustrated with
Colorado, &c.
maps, and a chart of the junction of the rivers Gila and
"This work is certainly one of the most curious and interesting
that has ever appeared on the subject of this interesting country.
It seems that the author travelled far into the interior, and ex-
plored many parts never before visited by a European.”—-Court
Journal.
"An exceedingly interesting book, abounding in miscellaneous
Information and anecdote.”—United Service Jour.
Hardy, Rev. Robert. Nature of Baptism.
Hardy, Samuel, 1720-1793, Rector of Blakenham
Parva, Suffolk, pub. some astronom. and theolog. works,
1752-83, among which are:-1. Principal Prophecies of
the O. and N. Tests., Lon., 1770, 8vo. 2. New Trans. of
St. Paul's Epist. to the Hebrews, 1783, Svo.
the Ilebrews are not very numerous, yet they are sometimes
"The alterations of the common translation in the version of
rather free. The notes are short, and the doctrine orthodox."-
Orme's Bibl. Bib.
3. Novum Testamentum Græcum Scholisis Theologicus
et Philologicus, 2 vols. Svo; Londini, 1768; 2d ed., 1776;
3d ed., 1820.
|
"It was a very useful companion to every biblical student, and
has gone through two editions, (the 2d in 1776,) the first of which
is the best; but it must be acknowledged that the Greek text in
both is inexcusably incorrect."-DR. CLARKE.
Hardwicke, Earls of. See YORKE.
Hardy. Duty of the Customs, 1803.
Hardy, Miss. Owen Glendower; an Historical Ro-
mance, Lon., 1849; 2 vols. p. 8vo.
Hardy, Lieut. Sporting Adventures in the New
World, Lon., 1855, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
"Hardy does not assign them the notes] to their respective
authors, and the doctrines which they contain are not always very
Hardy, Francis. Memoirs of the Polit. and Private correct."-Orme's Pill Bib.
786
"The third edition of this work is the most correct: it is beauti
fully printed. The notes are chiefly extracted from Poole's Synop-
sis.”—Horne's Bibl. Bib.
HAR
HAR
Hardy, Thomas, D.D. The Patriot, with Observ.
on the writings of T. Paine, 2d ed., Edin., 1793, 8vo.
Hardy, T. Duffus, Assistant Keeper of the Public
Records. 1. A Descrip. of the Close Rolls in the Tower
of London, Lon., 1833, 8vo. Privately printed.
"This volume contains Mr. Hardy's Introduction prefixed to!
the Close Rolls. printed by order of his Majesty's Commissioners
for Public Records."-Martin's Cut. of Privately Printed Books, 2d
ed., 1854, 442.
2. A Cat. of Lord-Chancellors, Keepers of the Great
Seal, Masters of the Rolls, and Principal Officers of the
High Ct. of Chancery, from the earliest period to the pre-
sent time, 1843, 8vo. 250 copies printed.
3. Monumenta Historica Britannica, by H. Petrie, J.
Sharpe, and T. D. Hardy, 1849, fol. 4. Memoirs of Rt.
Hon. Lord Langdale, 1852, 2 vols. 8vo. 5. New ed. of Le
Neve's Fasti Ecclesiæ Anglicana, corrected and continued
from 1715 to the present time, Oxf., 1854, 3 vols. 8vo. A
most valuable work.
Hardy, Wm. Time-Keepers, 1806-08.
Hardyng, John. See HARDING.
Hare and Skinner. The Silk-Worm; Trans. Amer.
Soc., ii. 347.
Hare, Mrs. Dilapidations of the Palace at Chichester
impartially stated, Lon., 1742, 4to.
Hare, Augustus J. C. Epitaphs for Country Church-
yards, Lon., 1856.
"We commend Mr. Hare's little book very willingly-especially
to the country clergy."-Lom. Athenæum, May 3, 1856.
Hare, Augustus William, late Fellow of New Col-
lege, and Rector of Alton-Barnes since 1829, d. at Rome
in 1834, aged 40. Serms. to a Country Congregation, Lon.,
1837, 2 vols. 8vo; 7th ed., 1851, 2 vols. 12mo.
"Very striking and useful.”—Bickersteth's Chris. Stu.
"They are, in truth, as it appears to us, on the whole, composi-
tions of very rare merit in their kind.”—Lon. Quar. Rev., lix. 33–48.
"All may read them with profit; but to clergymen, if studied
with discretion. they may prove serviceable in no common degree."
-Lon. Chris. Observer.
"These volumes present us with the workings of a pious and
highly-gifted mind.”—British Mag.
<<
Of recent writers there is none with whom we are acquainted
who, in point of diction, so well deserves to be a model, as the late
Augustus William Hare.”—Edin. Rev., lxxii. £6–98.
Mr. Hare was one of the authors of Guesses at Truth by
Two Brothers: see HARE, Julius Charles.
Hare, Rev. Edward Wesley. 1. Treat. on Justi-
fication, 2d ed., with a Pref. by Thos. Jackson, Lon., 1839,
12mo. Highly esteemed by the Wesleyan Methodists.
2. Preservative against the Errors of Socinianism, Svo.
Written in reply to Mr. Grundy of Manchester.
"The author [are] was an acute reasoner, and very familiar
with the holy scriptures."-Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
Hare, Francis, D.D., d. 1740, a native of London,
admitted of King's Coll., Camb., where he subsequently
became tutor, 1688; Dean of Worcester, 1708; Dean of
St. Paul's, 1726; Bishop of St. Asaph, 1727; trans. to Chi-
chester, 1731. To Dr. Hare as a classical critic and as a
theologian we have already had occasion to allude in our
lives of RICHARD BENTLEY, see p. 171; ANTHONY COLLINS,
see p. 412; and THOMAS EDWARDS, see p. 548. We may
readily believe that
"Hare was excessively piqued at the utter annihilation of his
Terence and Phædrus, the one soon after its birth, the other before
its birth, by Bentley's edition of both together in 1726, who never
once names Hare."
For further information respecting this learned critic
-for such he certainly was, though no Bentley-consult
authorities referred to below. He took a lively interest in
He took a lively interest in
the Bangorian Controversy, and pub. a number of pieces
against Hoadly, which were included in the collective ed.
of his Works, 1746, 4 vols. Svo. Again, 1755, 4 rols. Svo. |
The following works of his deserve a special notice:
1. Difficulties and Discouragements which attend the
Study of the Scriptures in the Way of Private Judgment,
1714, '35; '45, Svo.
"With all the merit of this beautiful satire, I believe that had
the author foreseen that the liberty which animates this fine-turned
piece of raillery would have given scandal to any good man, he
would have made abatement in the vigour of his wit and argu-
ments."-BP. WARBURTON.
2. Psalmorum Liber in Versiculas Metricè divisus, etc.,
1736, 2 vols. Svo.
•
"This work does more honour to the genius aud industry of the
author than to his judgment. That the Psalms are poetical is very
obvious; but that they are constructed on similar principles with
Greek and Latin verse the learned bishop has failed to prove. The
true pronunciation of Hebrew is irrecoverably lost, and the dis-
cussions of Meibomius, Gomarus, and Le Clerc, have thrown little
light on it. The hypothesis of Hare met with an able antagonist
in Bishop Lowth, and a defender in Dr. Edwards."-Orme's Bibl.
Bib.
Mr. Orme refers to Bishop Lowth's Metricæ Hareanæ
brevis Confutatio, annexed to his Lectures, De Sacrâ Poesi
Hebræorum. The Edwards whom he names is Thomas
Edwards, in whose life we have already referred to this
controversy. See Whiston's Life; Swift's Works; Cole's
MS. Athenæ in Brit. Mus.; Gent. Mag.; Blackwood's Mag.,
xxviii. 653.
Hare, Henry, Lord Coleraine. A Scale of Devotions,
musical and gradual; or, Descants on the 15 Psalms of
Degrees, Lon., 1681, fol.
Hare, Henry, Lord Coleraine, 1693-1749, a profound
scholar and learned antiquary, pub. a poem in the Acade-
Musa Anglicana, iii. 403, under the title of Musarum ob-
miæ Oxoniensis Comitia Philologica, 1713, and in the
latio ad Reginam.
Hare, Hugh. 1. A Charge at Sessions. 2. The Con-
spiracy of Fieschi, trans. from the Italian of Mascardi,
Lon., 1693, 8vo.
Hare, J. I. Clark, and Wallace, Horace Bin-
ney. 1. American Leading Cases in Law, Phila., 2 vols.
Svo, 1847; 3d ed., 1852. 2. Smith's (J. W.) Leading Cases
in Law, 4th Amer. from the 3d Lon. ed., with addits., 1852,
2 vols. 8vo. 3. White (F. T.) and Tudor's (0. D.) Leading
Cases in Equity, with addits., 2d Amer. ed., 1852, 3 vols.
8vo. 4. The New English Exchequer Reports, 35 vols.
pub. to 1855.
"I scarcely know of any volumes which I deem of more im-
portance or value for a professional library.”—JOSEPH STORY.
See WALLACE, HORACE BINNEY.
Hare, James, d. 1808. Serms., &c., 1797-1809.
Hare, John. St. John's Ghost; or, Anti-Normanisme,
Lon., 1647, 4to. Reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany.
Hare, Julius Charles, Rector of Hurstmonceaux,
Archdeacon of Lewis, a Canon of Chichester, Chaplain to
the Queen, and late Fellow of Trinity Coll., Camb., d. 1855,
aged 59. This learned gentleman pub. The Mission of the
Comforter, The Victory of Faith, and other sermons, a
number of theological and other works. He is best known
to general readers as one of the authors-in conjunction
with his brother, Augustus William Hare, and others-of
Thirlwall of vols. i. and ii. of Niebuhr's History of Rome.
Guesses at Truth, and as joint translator with Bishop
The 1st ed. of Guesses at Truth appeared in 1827, and
the 3d in 1847: Series Second, 2d ed., 1848. Thirlwall
and Hare's trans. from Niebuhr was first pub. in 1828-32,
2 vols. 8vo. A new ed. was issued in 1855. In 1848 Mr.
Hare edited the Essays and Tales of John Sterling, with
a Memoir of his Life, in 2 vols. 12mo. Mr. Carlyle evinced
but little satisfaction with the labours of the editor. For
further information respecting Archdeacon Hare and his
literary labours, see Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1855, 424–
425; Sir Wm. Hamilton's Discussions; Hallam's Literary
Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., i. 298-301, n.; Madden's Life of
the Countess of Blessington; Edin. Rev., Jan. 1833; Lon.
Quar. Rev., July, 1855; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxv. 657;
Blackw. Mag., xlii. 92; xliii. 287-288; Longman's Notes
on Books, Aug. and Nov. 1855.
.
Hare, Robert, M.D., 1781-1858, an eminent chemist,
Emeritus Prof. of Chemistry in the University of Penn-
sylvania. He distinguished himself by a number of
important scientific discoveries, among which the agency
of the compound bydro-oxygen in obtaining a greater
amount of heat than had ever before been developed is
perhaps the best known. This discovery was made by Dr.
Hare when he was but about twenty-one years of age. In
1810 he pub. a pamphlet entitled Brief View of the Policy
and Resources of the United States, and be is the author
of more than one hundred and fifty papers contributed te
various periodicals. His last publication was Spiritualism
Scientifically Demonstrated, N. York, 1855, Svo.
Hare, Samuel. 1. Practical Observations on Curva.
tures of the Spine, 3d ed., Lon., 1849, Svo.
6.
We therefore unhesitatingly commend his work as a truthful
and trustworthy statement of the power of scientific Surgery and
Medicine over some of the most grievous hindrances to humar
activity and industry.”—Lon. Medical Gazette.
Serms., 1747-48.
2. Physical Education of Children, 1852, Svo.
Hare, Thomas.
Hare, Thomas. Con. to Trans. Hort. Soc., 1817.
Hare, Thomas. 1. Discovery of Evidence, Lon.,
1836, Svo; N. York, 1836, Svo. 2. Rep. in Chancery,
1841-52, S vols. Svo. 3. In conjunction with H. J. Nicholl
and J. M. Carrow, Cases rel. to Railways and Canals in
Law and Equity, 1835-52, 6 vols. Svo.
Harewood, Harry. Diet. of Sports, Lon., 12mo.
Harflete, Henry. 1. A Banquet of Essayes, &c., Lon.,
1653, sm. Svo. 2.Vox Coelorum; Predictions Defended, Svo.
Harford, Charles Joseph. Antiquities found in
Somersetshire; Archæol., 1803.
Harford, John S. The Life of Thomas Burges
50
785
HAR
HAR
D.D., late Lord-Bishop of Salisbury, 2d ed., Lon., 1841,
fp. Svo.
"One of the most pleasing, as well as instructive, volumes of
Christian and ecclesiastical biography which of late years has
issued from the press. The Christian reader will peruse it with
delight and gratitude; and ecclesiastics of every rank may read it
for their guidance and instruction.”—Lon. Quar. Rev.
"Written in the clear, simple, and unaffected style which be
comes biography; and is interesting at once from its subject, and
from the various letters and anecdotes it contains of literary and
ecclesiastical contemporaries."-British Critic.
"A very interesting memoir."-British Mag.
See BURGESS, THOMAS, D.D.
Harford, Raph. A Gospel Engine; or, Streams of
Love and Pity to quench and prevent new flames in Eng-
land, Lon., 1649, fol.
Hargrave, A. Collegiate Physicians, Lon., 1676, 4to.
Hargrave, Ely. See HARGROVE.
Hargrave, Francis, 1741-1821, an eminent law-
writer, educated at the Univ. of Oxford, has been already
noticed in our lives of CHARLES BUTLER, SIR EDWARD COKE,
and SIR MATTHEW HALE. He removed to Lincoln's Inn in
1764, and in 1772 distinguished himself in the Habeas
Corpus of James Somersett, a negro for whom he was
counsel. In addition to his labours upon Coke on Little-
ton, his ed. of Hale's Jurisdiction of the Lords' House of
Parliament, and the published report of the case of So-
mersett, his best-known works are-1. An Argument in De-
fence of Literary Property, 1774, cr. Svo. 2. Collec. of
State Trials, 1776, 11 vols. fol.; usually bound in 6.
Howell's State Trials is the best collection: see the article
State Trials in Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 660–661, and authori-
ties there cited; and see HowELL, T. B., in this Dictionary.
3. A Collection of Tracts rel. to the Law of England, from
MSS. never before pub., 1787, 4to. See 3 Kent, 426; 4
Barn. & Cres., 505; 15 East, 304; 5 Barn. & Ald., 285;
Hoff. Leg. Stu., 186; Brooke's Bib. Leg. Ang., 241; 80
Lon. Month. Rev., 484. 4. Collectanea Juridica; con-
sisting of Tracts rel. to the Law and Constitution of Eng-
land, Titles of Honour, and Constitutional Subjects, 1791-
92, 2 vols. 8vo. 5. Judicial Arguments and Collections,
1797-99, 2 vols. 4to. 6. Juris Consult Excercitations;
consisting of Tracts upon the Laws of England, Titles of
Honour, and Constitutional Subjects, 1811-13, 3 vols. 4to.
Mr. Hargrave was possessed of a vast fund of legal eru-
dition.
"His legal power, and the extent of his knowledge, have rarely
been equalled, and perhaps never surpassed."
"Mr. Hargrave, a gentleman of great and profound learning,
than whom no man that ever lived was more conversant with the
law of the country."-Speech of Lord Lyndhurst on Life-Peerage
in England, delivered in the House of Lords, Feb. 7, 1856.
Mr. Hargrave's valuable Law Library was purchased by
Government in 1813 for £8000, and was deposited in the
British Museum.
Hargrave, J. F. Tholluson Act, Lon., 1842, 8vo.
"+
Mr. Hargrave has treated his very difficult subject with much
learning and acuteness."-6 Jurist, 426.
Hargraves, Edmund Hammond, the Discoverer
of the Gold-Fields in Australia. Australia and its Gold-
Fields, Lon., 1855, p. 8vo. See Men of the Time, Lon.,
See Men of the Time, Lon.,
1856.
Hargraves, James. Serms., 1723, '24, both 4to.
Hargreaves, James. Family Religion, 1811.
Hargreaves, James.
Theolog. Essays, &c., Lon.,
Hargreaves, Robert. Serms., 1745, '46, both 8vo.
Hargreaves, Thomas. Colours for the Artist,
Phil. Mag., 1814.
Hargrove, Ely. 1. Hist. of Knaresborough, &c.,
1769, 12mo; 6th ed., 1809, 12mo. 2. Anecdotes of
Archery, 1792,12mo. 3. Yorkshire Gazetteer, 1806, sm. 8vo.
Hargrove, George, or Hargroves, W. Surgeon.
Islands of Walcheren and South Beveland, Lon., 1812, 4to.
Hargrove, W. Hist. and Descrip. of the City of
York. York, 1818, 3 vols. r. Svo.
Harington, E. C., Preb. and Chancellor of the
Cathedral Church of Exeter. 1. Notes on the Church of
Scot. 1555-1842, Edin., 1843, Svo. 2. Consecration of
Churches, 1844, '47, 8vo. 3. Succession of Bishops in the
Ch. of Eng. unbroken, 1846, '52, 8vo. 4. Serms. on Apos-
tolical Succession, 1847, 8vo. 5. Reformers of Ang. Ch.,
and Macaulay's England, 8vo. 6. Reconsecration, &c. of
the Churches, 1850, Svo. 7. The Bull of Pius IX., 1850,
8vo. 8. Letter, &c. of the LV. Canon in 1851, Svo. 9. A
Few Words in Answer to the Rev. W. Goode's Reply to
Archdeacon Churton and Chancellor Harington on the
LV. Canon, etc., 1852, 8vo. 10. Serm., Acts xxiv. 4,
1852, 8vo.
Harington, Henry, M.D. See HARRINGTON.
756
8vo..
Harington, Rev. Henry. See HARRINGTON.
Harington, John Herbert. See Harrington.
Hariot, Thomas. See HARRIOT.
Harkey, S. W., Lutheran Pastor, Frederick, Md
1 Address before Phrenakosmian Society of Pennsylvania
College, Gettysburg, 1837. 2. Lutheran Sunday-School
Question-Book, Fredericktown, 1838. 3. The Visitor,
editor, Frederick, 1840. 4. Translation of Starke's Prayer-
Book. 5. The Church's Best State. 6. Sermon on the
Death of Gen. Harrison. 7. Sermon on National Thanks-
giving. S. Prisons for Women.
Harkness, Albert. 1. Arnold's First Latin Book,
N. York, 12mo. 2. Second Latin Book, 1853, 12mo. These
manuals have been highly commended by distinguished
professors in a number of colleges.
Harkness, J. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1811.
Harkness, Rev. J. Messiah's Throne and King.
dom, N. York, 1853, 12mo.
Harlan, J., of Philadelphia. Memoir of India and
Afghanistan, Phila., 1842, 12mo. See Lon. Athenæum,
1842, 779-781.
Harlan, Richard, M.D., of Philadelphia. 1. Fauna
Americana, Phila., 1825, Svo. 2. Medical and Physical
Researches, 1835, Svo.
Researches, 1835, Svo. Various medical and other essays.
Harland, Marion. See HAWES, MISS MARY VIR
GINIA.
Harle, Jonathan, M.D.
An Hist. Essay on the
State of Physic in the O. and N. Test. and the Apocry
phal Interval, Lon., 1729, Svo.
Harley. Justification of the H. of Com., 1701, fol.
Harley, Sir Edward. An Essay towards the Set-
tlement of Peace and Truth in the Church, Lon., 1681,
4to. We presume this work to be the production of the
elder Edward Harley, father of Robert, Earl of Oxford,
and of the succeeding.
Harley, Hon. Edward, brother to Robert, Earl of
Oxford. 1. An Essay for composing a Harmony between
the Psalms and other Parts of the Scripture, &c., Lon,
1724, r. 4to; 1732, Svo. Anon.
Bib.
"This is a book of piety rather than of learning.”—Orme's Bibl.
2. Harmony of the Four Gospels, 1733, Svo. Anon.
"Both works are creditable to the author's acquaintance with
the Scriptures."-ORME: ubi supra.
torical Part of the O. Test., &c., and Observ. thereupon,
The two were pub. with Harley's Abstract of the His-
by the Bishop of Sodor and Man, in 1735, 2 vols. 8vo.
Vol. ii. includes the two works first noticed.
Harley, George. Circumstances respecting the late
Charles Montford, Esq., 1804, Svo.
ber of Poems, &c., 1787-1806.
Harley, George Davies, a comedian, pub. a num-
Harley, Robert, Earl of Oxford and Mortimer,
tinguished statesman, was an eminent patron of letters
1661-1724, eldest son of Sir Edward Harley, and a dis-
and a great collector of literary treasures.
His library
was perhaps the most extensive ever collected by a private
individual, with the exception of that of Richard Heber.
The Harleian Collection of MSS. was purchased by the
government for £10,000, and is now deposited in the British
Museum. An Index to the Harleian Collection of MSS.
was pub. in 1759-63, 2 vols. fol. But a very complete
one, compiled by Messrs. Wanley, Casley, Hocker, Nares,
Shaw, and Douce, was pub. in 1808, 3 vols. fol. Another
vol.-being Indices of Persons, Places, and Matters, by
the Rev. Dr. T. Hartwell Horne-was pub. in 1808, fol.
This catalogue was formerly sold at £8 88. It is now
(1856) worth £2 28. Every historical and legal student
should have it in his library.
tion on almost every subject; but to those who are interested in
"This Catalogue is a key to inexhaustible sources of informa
historical, antiquarian, or biographical literature, it is indispens
able, and, as well as the Cottonian and Lansdowne Catalogues,
will well repay an attentive perusal; for so infinite is the variety
of the subjects which occur, that the general Indexes furnish but
an imperfect idea of the contents of these matchless collections."
-SIR N. HARRIS NICOLAS: see a Descrip. of the Contents, &c. of
the various Works printed by Authority of the Record Commis
sion, Lon., 1831, 8vo.
The Printed Books of the Harleian Library were pur..
chased by Thomas Osborne, the bookseller. He gave only
£13,000 for the collection; although Lord Oxford had ex-
pended £18,000 on the binding only of the least part of
them! Osborne employed Dr. Johnson, Oldys, and Mattaire,
to prepare a catalogue of this noble collection. It appeared
in 1743-45, 5 vols. Svo, under the title of Catalogus Biblio-
thecæ Harleianæ in Locos Communes distributus, cum
Indice Auctorum. The Latin dedication tr Lord Cartaret
was written by Mattaire; vols. i. and ii., in Latin, we-o
I
HAR
HAR
written by Dr. Johnson; vols. iii. and iv., which are a
repetition in English of the two former, were prepared
by Oldys. Vol. v. does not properly belong to the other
four, as it is simply an enumeration of Osborne's old
stock. The Preface, which was originally issued as a
Prospectus to the work, was written by Johnson:
"His account of that celebrated collection of books, in which
be displays the importance to literature of what the French call a
catalogue raisonnée, when the subjects of it are extensive and
various. and it is executed with ability, cannot fail to impress all
his readers with admiration of his philological attaiuments.”-
BOSWELL; Life of Dr. Johnson.
"In my humble apprehension, the preface is unworthy of the
doctor: it contains a few general philological reflections, expressed
in a style sufficiently stately. but is divested of bibliographical
anecdote and interesting intelligence."-DR. DIBDIN: Bibliomania;
q. v. for an interesting analysis of the Harleian Library.
|
Having thus disposed of the MS. and Printed Books,
we at length reach the pamphlets of the library; and here
we are at once overwhelmed with the amplitude of the
field, for Gough assures us that the number was computed
to be 400,000! See Brit. Topog., v. i. 669. From this
vast treasury the indefatigable Oldys extracted between
600 and 700, which were pub. in 8 vols. 4to, 1744-46. A
new ed. was pub. by Malham in 1808-11, 12 vols. Svo,
£8 88.; r. Svo, £14 88. Another ed., by Thomas Park,
was issued in 1808-13, 10 vols. r. 4to, 2 vols. being com-
posed of additional matter, £33 12s. A Selection from
the Harleian Miscellany of Tracts which principally re-
gard English History, of which many are referred to by
Hume, was pub. in 1793, 4to.
pub. in 1793, 4to. The value of this work is
not to be measured by money nor expressed by words. It
should always accompany The Somers Collection, Howell's
State Trials, Harrington's Nugæ Antiquæ, Evelyn's and
Pepys's Diaries, and the standard histories of England.
|
"To the importance of this collection of Tracts and Papers for
elucidating many historical occurrences no person who feels inte-
rested in the discovery of truth can be inattentive."-Editor.
"I hardly know of any one collection, or set of volumes, likely
"I hardly know of any one collection. or set of volumes, likely
to be productive of more varied entertainment. especially if the
reader have a philological turn.”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
2. An
A Collection of Voyages and Travels, compiled from
the curious and valuable Library of the Earl of Oxford,
was pub. by Thomas Osborne in 1745, 2 vols. fol. This is
called the Harleian Collection of Voyages. See CHURCHILL,
OWNSHAM and JOHN. A Catalogue of his Lordship's Pic-
tures, Coins, and Medals, was pub. in 1741, 4to. But, in
our admiration of the Earl's literary treasures, we must
not forget the only thing which enables us to introduce an
account of his library, viz.: that he was himself an author.
To him are ascribed (1.) A Scriptural and Rational Ac-
count of the Christian Religion, Lon., 1695, Sro.
Essay on Public Credit, 1710. Inserted in the Somers
Collection. Reprinted, with short Hist. Notes, 1797, Svo.
3. An Essay upon Loans. 4. A Vindic. of the Rights of
the Commons of Eng.; signed Humphry Mackworth.
5. Answer to Articles against him, 1715. 6. The Secret
Hist. of Arlus and Adolphus, 1720, Svo. An Account of
the conduct of Robert, Earl of Oxford, 1715, Svo, is sup-
posed by Park to be the composition of his lordship, on
account of the favourable representation given of his cha-
racter. But this is but doubtful evidence. For further
particulars respecting the Earl of Oxford see Collins's
Peerage, by Sir S. E. Brydges; Park's Walpole's R. and
N. Authors; Swift's Works; Spence's Anecdotes; Dibdin's
Bibliomania, and his Bibl. Decam.; Coxe's Life of Wal-
pole; histories of England;-especially note Macaulay's
Hist. of England, vol. iv.
Harley, Wm., d. 1830. The Harleian Dairy Sys-
tem, &c., Lon., 1829, Sro. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Harlowe, Pedall. Detection of R. Breerly's Fraud
In a Book entit. The Judgment of the Apostles, Lon.,
1641, 4to.
"The illustration of the manners and customs of a country, and
particularly those of our own. is always interesting. In this point
of view it is hoped that the present reprint will prove acceptable
as descriptive of a class of society during the reign of Queen Eliza
beth.”—Advertisement.
This book is supposed to contain the earliest account
of the "Canting Crew." 2. The Fraternity of Vagabones,
Per Anonymum, 1575.
Harmand, T.
Glasg., 1817, 12mo.
Dictionary of French Homonymes
Harmar, John, Warden of Winchester, d. 1613, was
employed on the trans. of the Bible, and pub. some of
Chrysostom's Homilies from MSS. in the Library of New
College, Oxford, and trans. of serms. of Calvin and Beza,
See authorities cited in next article, and see Watt's Bibl
Brit.
Harmar, John, 1594?-1670, son of the preceding,
and a schoolmaster and divine, pub. Praxis Grammatica,
1622; Janua Linguarum, 1626; Protomartyr Britannus,
1627; Lexicon Etymologicon Græcum, 1637; several ora-
tions, &c.; and translations from the Greek and Latin.
"He was a most excellent philologist, and a tolerable Latin
poet; was bappy in rend'ring Greek into Latin, or Latin into
English. or English into Greek or Latin. whether in prose or
verse; which we now call transversing and transposing."-Athen
Oxm.
"He was an honest, weak man."-NEAL.
See Wood's Athen. Oxon., and his Annals and Life;
Neal and Calamy; Biog. Brit., in art. Butler.
Harmer, Anthony. Under this fictitious name the
Rev. Henry Wharton pub. his Specimen of some Errors
and Defects in Bishop Burnet's Hist. of the Reformation,
Lon., 1693, Svo. See WHARTON, HENRY.
Harmer, James. Documents, etc. rel. to the trial
of Holloway and Hagerty, 1807, 8vo.
Harmer, T. Fishes; Phil. Trans., 1707.
Harmer, Rev. Thomas, 1715-1788, a learned Dis-
senting divine, a native of Norwich, England, became
minister of a congregation at Wattesfield, Suffolk. 1. Ob-
servations on various Passages of Scripture; placing them
in a light altogether new, from Relations in Books of
Voyages and Travels, Lon., 1764, Svo. Enlarged ed.,
1776, 2 vols. Sro. Two addit. vols., Svo, 1787; 4th ed.,
with addits. by Adam Clarke, LL.D.; 5th and best ed., by
A. Clarke, with Life, 1816, 4 vols. Svo. Bishop Lowth,
on the pub. of the first two vols., was so pleased with this
work, that he lent to the author the unpub. MSS. of the
celebrated Chardin, from which Harmer obtained much
new matter. This work should be in the library of every
Biblical student and Oriental antiquary. A trans. of the
1st ed. was made into German by John Ernest Faber, and
pub., with notes and addits. of his own and of Prof. Sey-
bold, in 1772 and 75, 2 vols. Svo. A third vol. appeared
in German in 1776.
"This fact shows the estimation of the work abroad, which all
classes at home have agreed to commend."- Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"The design of this work is very useful, and it has been exe-
cuted with great ability.”—Bishop WatsƆN.
14
In which he has cast much light on many difficult texts that
relate to the customs and manners,, religious and civil, of the
Asiatic nations, by quotations from the works of ancient and mo-
dern travellers in different parts of the East, who have described
those customs, &c. as still subsisting."-DR. A. CLARKĖ.
"In this work numerous passages of Scripture are placed in a
light altogether new; the meanings of others, which are not dis-
coverable by the methods commonly used by interpreters, are
satisfactorily ascertained; and many probable conjectures are
offered to the Biblical Student."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
"Light is thrown on them from Eastern Customs."-Bicker-
stethi's C. S.
2. Outlines of a New Comment. on Solomon's Song,
drawn by the help of instructions from the East, 1768,
Svo; 2d ed., 1775, 8vo.
"This is an uncommonly ingenious work, to which all subse
quent interpreters of the Song have been much indebted. Har-
mer does not consider it as an epitbalamium properly, but as re-
lating to a royal marriage,-that of Solomon to the daughter of
Pharaoh.—and this event as designedly symbolical of the rejec
tion of the Jews and the calling of the Gentiles. This idea he
supports with great ingenuity, and certainly throws much light
on various parts of this beautiful but difficult portion of Scrip-
ture.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Harlwick, Wm. Hist. of the Third Session of the
Present Parl., &c., Lon., 1717, Sro.
Harm, J. Infant Baptism, 1808.
Harman, Ephraim, (perhaps a fictitious name.) A
Lett. to T. Randolph's Party Zeal Censured, 1752, Svo.
Harman, Isaac. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1768, '73.
Harman, John, wrote two books against the Rev.
Geo. Whitefield. 1761, '64, and a treatise on Comets, 1769.
Harman, Paul. Materia Medica.
喜
​Harman, Thomas, a magistrate temp. Elizabeth.
1. A Cauet for commen Cvrestors, vulgarely called Vaga- Respecting the different treatment of this part of Scrip-
bones, newly augmented and imprinted, 1567, London, by ture by Harmer, and Dr. John Gill, and Wm. Romaine,
Wylliam Gryffith, 4to. Very rare, and has been sold for see Williams's C. P., 5th ed., 1843, 289. 3. Observ. on
£16. Another ed., London, by Henry Middleton, 1573, the Round Towers of Ireland, Archæol., 1789. 4. Miscell.
4to. Reprint from this last ed., 1814, 4to; 100 copies Works, cont'g his Letters, Serms., &c., by Youngman,
|
1823, Svo.
struck off.
"In it very many difficult passages of Solomon's Song are hap
pily elucidated, and hints are offered of which subsequent cou-
imentators have not failed to avail themselves. It bears a high
price.”—Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Many good illustrations."-Bickersteth's C. S
•
767
HAR
HAR
Harmon, D. W. A Journal of Voyages and Travels
in the Interior of North America, Andover, Vermont, 1820.
Reviewed in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xxvi. 409–416.
Harness, John, M.D. Con. to Med. and Chir. Trans.,
1800.
Harness, Wm., minister of Regent Square Chapel,
London, 1826; now incumbent of All-Saints, Knights-ties of whom are contayned in this old riddle:
bridge. Among his best-known works are-1. The Con-
nexion of Christianity with Human Happiness; being the
substance of the Boyle Lectures for 1821, Lon., 1823, 2
vols. Svo.
"Mr. Harness has rendered a most important service in thus
exhibiting a picture of the boasted liberty of these states of an-
tiquity, [Greece and Rome.] their loose morals, and corrupt prac
tices; whilst he satisfactorily proves that the religion of Jesus can
alone produce true political wisdom, moderation, or patriotic exer-
tion."--Lon. Christian Rememb.
2. Parochial Serms., 1838, 8vo.
A
Eloquent without art or affectation, and earnest without
fanaticism."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
Harper, Robert Goodloe, 1765-1825, a native of
Fredericksburg, Virginia, removed to S. Carolina, and be-
came an eminent lawyer, and a member of the U. States
Senate. A collective ed. of his Select Works, consisting
of Speeches on Politics and Forensic Subjects, &c., was
pub. in Baltimore in 1814, Svo.
His writings are energetic, manly, profound. satisfactory. We
hold him to be, altogether, one of the ablest men that North Ame
rica has produced."-JOHN NEAL: Blackw. Mag., xvii. 56.
Harper, S. Title-Deeds, 3d ed., Lon., 1829, 8vo.
Harper, Rev. T. Christian Teacher, 2d ed., Lon.,
1806.
Harper, Thomas. Accomptant's Companion, 12mo.
Harper, Walter. Serms., 1789, '96, '97.
Harpley, T. 1. Poems, Lon., 1785, 8vo. Written in
conjunction with W. Sancroft. 2. The Genius of Liver-
pool; a Drama, 1790, 8vo. 3. The Milliners; a Burletta,
1790, Svo. 4. The Triumph of Fidelity; a Drama in
rhyme, 1790, 8vo.
Harpsfield, John, d. 1578, Dean of Norwich, and
chaplain to Bishop Bonner, partook largely of his perse-
cuting spirit. 1. Concio ad Clerum, Lon., 1553, 8vo.
Homilies, 1554, '55, '56. Of Bonner's Homilies, nine were
written by Harpsfield. 3. Serm., 1556, 16mo. 4. Suppu-
tatio Temporum à Diluvio ad A. D. 1559, '60. 5. Dispu-
tations and Epistles in Fox's Acts and Monuments.
2.
"A grand zealot for the Rom. Cath. Religion."-Athen. Oxon., q.v.
See also Dodd's Ch. Hist.; Fox's Acts and Monuments.
Harpsfield, Nicholas, d. 1583, Regius Prof. of
Greek at Oxford, Preb. of St. Paul's, and Archdeacon of
Canterbury, was a brother of the preceding. 1. Dialogi
sex, &c., Antwerp, 1566, '73, 4to. Published under the
name of ALAN COPE, q. v. in this Dictionary. 2. Historia
Anglicana Ecclesiastica, Duaci, 1622, fol.
Harney, John M., M.D., 1789-1823, a native of
Sussex county, Delaware, settled in Bardstown, Kentucky,
and subsequently at Savannah, Georgia. He again re-
moved to Bardstown, where he remained until his decease.
In 1816 he pub. anonymously Crystalina; a Fairy-Tale,
in Six Cantos, which was enthusiastically commended by
John Neal, in the Portico, a monthly magazine of Balti-parts of France.
more, edited by him. After his decease some of his other
productions were given to the world, among which the
Fever Dream has perhaps been most admired. See Gris-
See Gris-
wold's Poets and Poetry of America, 16th ed., Phila., 1855.
Harper. 1. Rep. of Cases in the Constit. Ct. of S.
Carolina, Columb., 1824, Svo. 2. Rep. of Equity Cases in
the Ct. of Appeals of S. Carolina, 1825, Svo.
Harper of Lincoln's Inn is said to be the author of
the following work, although it was pub. under the name
of Sir Michael Foster. Examination of Church-Power |
laid down in the Codex Juris Eccles. Ang., &c., Lon.,
1735, Svo; 3d ed. To which is subjoined Dr. Andrews's
Answer, 1736, Svo. See FoSTER, SIR MICHAEL.
Harper, Andrew. Med. treatises, Lon., 1789, Svo.
Harper, John. Serm. on Musick, Lon., 1730, 8vo.
Harper, John. The Sea-Side and Aquarium, Lon.,
1858, 12mo.
"Tis a book no less learnedly than painfully performed; and,
abating his partiality to his own interest, he well deserves of all
posterity.”—Athen. Oxon.
3. Historia hæresis Wickleffance; pub. with the former.
He left a number of MSS.
•
Harraden, R. B. 1. Cantabrigia Depicta, Camb.,
1809, 4to; 2d ed., entit. Hist. of the Univ. of Cambridge,
&c.,,1814, sup. r. Svo. There were also pub. 8 Views and
24 Views illustrative of the Univ. of Camb. 2. 6 Views
in the Isle of Wight and of Nelley Abbey, 1814.
Harrar, Thomas. The Foure Brothers; the quali
"An eminent theologist, well skill'd in both the laws, and in
Greek, history, and poetry.”—Athen. Oxon., q. v.
See also Dodd's Ch. Hist.; Tanner and Pits; Strype.
Harpur, Joseph, LL.D. An Essay on Philos. Cri-
ticism as applied to Poetry, Lon., 1810, 4to.
Harral, Thomas. A novel, &c., 1798-1805.
Four Brethren were bred at once,
Without flesh. bloud or bones;
One with a beard, but two had none,
The fourth had but half one.
1616, 4to.
Harrington. This name is often written Haring-
ton.
Harrington, E. B. 1. Michigan Chan. Rep., 1836-
42, Detroit, 1845, Svo. In conjunction with E. J. Roberts,
Revised Statutes of Michigan, 1837-38, Svo, 1838. 3.
Amer. Equity Digest: see BARBOUR, OLIVER LORENZO,
No. 1.
Harrington, Mrs. E. D., a sister of the late Mrs.
Frances Sargent Osgood, has attained some reputation as
a contributor to the periodicals of the day.
Harrington, Sir Edward, son of Henry Harring
1. A Sebizzo on
ton, M. D., of Bath, d. 1807, aged 54.
the Genius of Man, Lon., 1793, Svo. 2. Travels through
Harrington, Rev. Henry, of Bath, a descendant
of Sir John Harrington, Knight, pub. the Nuga Antiquæ
of the latter, Lon., 1769-75-79, 3 vols. 12mo; 2d ed.,
1792, 3 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., by Thos. Park, 1804, 2 vols. Svo.
See HARRINGTON, SIR JOHN.
Harrington, Henry, M.D., 1729-1816, an eminent
physician, long resident at Bath, a son of the preceding,
pub. An Ode to Harmony; An Ode to Discord; The Witch
of Wokey, a ballad in the Old English Style; the Geome-
trical Analogy of the Doctrine of the Trinity, 1806, 4to.
Harrington, James, 1611–1677, a native of North-
amptonshire, educated at Trin. Coll., Oxford, under Chil-
lingworth, acquired great celebrity as a warm supporter
of political freedom. He lived for some time on the con-
tinent, and doubtless imbibed whilst resident at Venice
and the Hague those republican principles which dis-
tinguished him. His principal work is entit. Oceana,
pub. in 1656, fol.:
“A kind of political romance, in imitation of Plato's 'Atlantic
Story,' where by Oceana Harrington means England; exhibiting
a plan of republican government, which he would have erected
here, in case these kingdoms had formed themselves into a genuine
commonwealth. This work, however, pleased no party, and, as it
reflected severely upon Oliver's usurpation, met with many diffi-
culties in the publishing.”
Harrington pub. also several other political treatises,
1658-60, an Essay upon Virgil, 1658, and a trans. of four
books of the Eneid into English poetry, 1659. A col-
lective ed. of his writings was pub. by Toland in 1700,
fol.; a better ed. by Toland, Dubl., 1737, fol.; another
ed., Lon., 1747, fol.; and the best one, by Thomas Brand
Hollis, with the Life by Toland, in 1771, 4to. As an early
supporter of political liberty in England, the name of
Harrington will always be entitled to the respect of pos-
terity, whatever may be thought of the practicability of
some of his speculations.
"Harrington's Oceana was well adapted to that age, when the
plans of imaginary republics were the daily subjects of debate and
conversation; and even in our time it is justly admired as a work
of genius and invention. The idea, however, of a perfect and im-
mortal commonwealth will always be found as chimerical as that
of a perfect and immortal man. The style of this author wants
ease and fluency; but the good matter which his work contains
makes compensation."-Hume's Hist. of Eng.
"The only valuable model of a commonwealth that has yet been
offered to the public.”—Hume's Essays and Treatises.
"It is strange that Harrington, so little while ago, should be
the first man to find out so evident and demonstrable a truth as
that of property being the true basis of power. His Oceana, allow-
ing for the different situation of things, (as the less number of
Lords then, those Lords having no share in the Parliament, and
the like,) is certainly one of the best-founded political pieces that
ever was writ.”—DEAN LOCKIER.
tr
Harrington, whose Occana is justly regarded as one of the
boasts of English literature."-Dugald Stewart's Prelim. Ess, to
Encyc. Brit.
66
general it may be said of Harrington that he is prolix, dull,
pedantic, and seldom profound, but sometimes redeems himself
by just observations. Like most theoretical politicians of that
age, he had an excessive admiration for the republic of Venice.
His other political writings are in the same spirit as the Oceana,
but still less interesting."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
See Biog. Brit.; Athen. Oxon.
Harrington, Sir James.
1682, fol.
Divine Meditations,
Harrington, James, d. 1693, in his 29th year, was
educated at Christ Church, Oxford, and subsequently
788
HAR
HAR
entered the Inner Temple. He contributed some verses
to the Musa Anglicanæ, wrote the preface to the 1st vol.
of Wood's Athenæ, and the introduction to vol. ii.; edited,
with a Life and Preface, the works of Dr. George Strad-
ling, and pub. a number of tracts respecting the Uni-
versity of Oxford.
"Ilis death was much deplor'd by those that knew him, because,
1. That he was a prodigy, considering his age, in his knowledge
of the common law; 2 That he was a person of excellent parts;
and, 3. That he was very honest in his dealing, and of a good and
generous nature."-Allen, Oxon. See Bliss's ed.; and Nichols's
Alterbury.
Harrington, John, of Stepney, 1534-1582, father
of Sir John Harrington, wrote some poetical pieces, &c.,
which were pub. in the Nuga Antiquæ. See next article.
His lines are thought to exhibit a polish not common in
the writers of the day. The "Verses made on Isabella
Markhame" have been greatly extolled:
"If the poem here selected be rightly attributed to him by the
Harington papers. he cannot be denied the singular merit of har-
ing united an elegance of taste with an artifice of style which far
exceeded his contemporaries."”—Ellis's Specimens.
"But hardly any light poem of this early period is superior to
some lines addressed to Isabella Markham by Sir John John,
not Sir John] Harington, bearing the date of 1564. If these are
genuine. and I know not how to dispute it. they are as polished as
any written at the close of the queen's reign. These are not in
the Paradise of Dainty Devices."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
Harrington, Sir John, 1561-1612, son of the pre-
ceding, was a great favourite with his godmother, Queen
Elizabeth, although temporarily banished from court for
writing a witty work upon an objectionable theme, en-
titled The Metamorphosis of Ajax, Lon., 1596, Svo. A
license was refused for printing this work, yet it never-
theless went through three impressions. A new ed. of 100
copies was printed, Chiswick, 1814, Svo. See Lowndes's
Bibl. Man. and Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 316-325. Sir John also
pub. (2.) Orlando Furioso, trans. into Heroical English
Verse, Lon., 1591, 1607, fol.: 3d ed., including the Epi-
grams, (dated 1633, pp. 46,) 1634, fol. This is the first Eng-
lish version of Ariosto. The first fifty stanzas of Book xxxii.
were trans. by Francis Harrington, Sir John's younger
brother.
“Although executed without spirit or accuracy, unanimated and
incorrect, it enriched our poetry by a communication of new stories
of fiction and imagination, both of the romantic and comic species
of Gothic machinery and familiar manners."-Wurton's Hist. of
Eng. Poct.
Much admired at the time, though now found to be inaccurate
and feeble."-Ellis's Specimens.
Another eminent authority, comparing Harrington's
Ariosto with Fairfax's Tasso, remarks:
"The translation of Ariosto by Sir John Harrington, in 1591, is
much inferior."—Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
3. The most elegant and witty Epigrams of Sir J. H.,
1615, 4to. This ed. contains only 115 Epigrams, and
forms the 4th book of the entire collection, pub. 1618, sm.
Svo; 1625, sm. Svo; 1634, fol.; with the Orlando, 1633,
fol. The Orlando in this vol. is the 3d ed., and is dated
1634, although the Epigrams are dated 1633.
"Sir John Harrington, no less noted for his book of witty epi-
grams than his judicious translation of Ariosto's Orlando Furioso.”
-Phillips's Theat. Poet.
"Formed his most popular production."-Ellis's Specimens.
"The epigrams it must be confessed, although they appear to
have once enjoyed some reputation, possess no poetical merit.
They are flat, colloquial rhymes, of that low tone above which it
seems to have been difficult for the genius of Harrington to rise."
-Censura Literaria,
4. The Englishman's Doctor, or the School of Salerne,
1609, Svo. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 323, £20, 1624, Svo. Bibl.
Anglo-Poet., 324, £15. 5. The Hist. of Polindor and Flos-
tella, with other Poems, 1651, Svo. 6. Briefe View of the
State of the Ch. of Eng., 1653, 12mo. This was intended
as a continuation of Bp. Godwin's Catalogue of Bishops,
who brought his list down to about 1601.
"Malicious remarks upon the bishops of his time.”—Bp. Nicul-
son's Eng. Hist. Lib.
7. Nuga Antiquæ; being a Miscell. Collect. of Original
Papers in Prose and Verse, temp. Henry VIII., Ed. VI.
Mary, Eliz., and James, by Sir J. H., and by others who
lived in those times, Lon., 1769-75-79, 3 vols. 12mo.
Pub. by the Rev. Henry Harrington, of Bath; 2d ed.,
1792, 3 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., newly arranged, with Illust.
Notes by Thomas Park, 1804, 2 vols. Svo. Prefixed is a
life of the author.
"In reconducting this miscellany to the press, I have taken the
liberty of rejecting several prose pieces which had appeared in
preceding editions, and of inserting others that seemed to possess
stronger claims for admission into a mélange suranné.”—Park's
Advert.
+
element, and wit, not his business, bat diversion."— Cooper's
Muses' Library, p. 297.
In addition to authorities cited above, see Athen. Oxon.;
Hutchinson's Cumberland; Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Persian, Calcut., 1791-95, 2 vols. fol. 2. Laws for Brit.
Harrington, John Herbert. 1. Saade's Works in
!
Harrington, Robert, M.D., pub. a number of trea-
tises upon subjects connected with nat. philos. and che-
mistry, 1781-1804. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Harrington, S. M., Chief-Justice of Delaware. Rep.
in the Sup'r Ct., &c. of Delaware, Dover, 1837-44, 3 vols. 8vo.
Harrington, Thomas. Science Improved: Nat.
and Experiment. Philos., Lon., 1774, 4to.
These vols. should be in the library of every historical
student.
"Sir John Harrington appears to have been a gentleman of
great pleasantry and humour; bis fortune was easy, the court his
|
India, 1805, fol.
Harrington, Joseph, of San Francisco, California.
Serms., with a Memoir of his Life by Wm. Whiting, Bost.,
1855. 12mo.
Harrington, Wm. The Comendation of Matrimony,
1528, 4to. See Dibdin's Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit.; Lowndes's
Bibl. Man.
fanterie au Bengale. Memoire sur les Kabïr Pantis, secte
Harriot, John-Staples, Col. au 23e Régiment d'In-
de déistes de l'Hindoustan, Par., 1832, 8vo.
Harriott, John. An Engine; Nic. Jour., 1803.
Harriott, John. Struggles through Life, Lon., 1807,
2 vols. 12mo; 1815, 3 vols. 12mo. This work contains an
amusing account of the author's adventures in New Eng-
land.
fol.
Harriott, or Harriot, Thomas, 1560-1621, an
eminent mathematician and astronomer, educated at St.
Mary Hall, Oxford, of which city he was a native, resided
in the family of Sir Walter Raleigh, by whom he was sent
to Virginia, with Sir Richard Grenville, in 1585. Of this
province he pub. an account, entit. A Briefe and True Re-
port of the New Found Land of Virginia, &c., Lon., 1588,
Franc., 1590, fol.; also in French and German.
This work was pub. in Latin by De Bry & Sons,
The
English version is the rarest of the De Bry set of voy-
Lord Oxford paid the same sum for his. But we have
ages; a copy sold at the Nassau sale produced £100, and
already given more space than we can well afford to the
Voyages of De Bry and Sons in our article RICHARD
HAKLUYT, q. v., and authorities there cited. Harriott's
account of Virginia will be found in vol. iii. of Hakluyt's
Voyages. After Harriott's death Walter Warner pub. from
his MSS. his Artis Analytica Praxis ad Equationes Alge-
braicas nova, expedita et generali Methodo resolvendas,
Lon., 1631, fol.
-
"Harriott
was destined to make the last great discovery
in the pure science of algebra. . . . Harriott arrived at a complete
theory of the genesis of equations. which Cardan and Vieta bad
but partially conceived."-Hullam's Lit. Hist. of Europe. See 4th
ed., Lon., 1854; vol i. 454, 456; ii. 223; iii. 181, n. 189.
See also Biog. Brit.; Wallis's Hist. of Algebra; Encyc.
Brit.; Hutton's Dict.; Letters by Eminent Persons.
Harris, Miss. Coloured Drawings of British Butter-
flies, from the Collection of Mr. W. E. Leach, with letter-
press Descriptions, Exeter, imp. 4to.
4 Nos.
Harris, Miss. 1. From Oxford to Rome, and how it
fared with some who lately made the journey, by a Com-
panion Traveller, 2d ed., Lon., 1847, Svo. See Lon. Quar.
Rev., lxxxi. 131-166. 2. Rest in the Church, 1848, sm. Svo.
Harris, Alexander. A Converted Atheist's Testi-
mony to the Truth of Christianity, 4th ed., Lon.. fp. Svo.
and sincere mind on the subject of religion. We can honestly
"A very interesting account of the experience of an intelligent
recommend the book to the notice of our readers.”—Lon. Eclec.
Rev.
Harris, Barth. Lusus Serius in Petronii Arbitri,
Matronam Ephesiam, Lon., 1665, 12mo.
"A curious little treatise."-Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Harris, Catherine. Edwardina; a Nov., 2 vols.
Harris, Chapin A., M.D., b. 1806, at Pompey,
Practice of Dental Surgery in the Baltimore College, &c.
Onondaga county, N. York, Prof. of the Principles and
This college, chartered in 1839-40, the first of its kind in
the world, was originated by Dr. Harris. 1. Dissert. on
the Diseases of the Maxillary Sinus, Phila., 1842, 8vo,
Balt., 1841, Svo, pp. 119.
pp. 160. 2. Characteristics of the Human Teeth, &c.,
3. Dictionary of Dental Science,
1849, Svo, pp. 780; 2d ed., entit. Dictionary of Medicine,
Dental Surgery, and the Collateral Sciences, 1854, r. Svo,
pp. 800. In this ed. the biographical and bibliographical
matter has been omitted, but between 7000 and 8000 new
words have been added, and other important improve-
ments have been made.
KA
This is the only work of the kind in the world, it is presumed,
and oue is almost tempted to believe there will never be auother,
since whatever belongs to the subject is here brought into an
elaborate alphabetical arrangement, as convenient as could be
789
HAR
HAR
desired for reference. This dictionary is a valuable reference for
the medical profession also, and may be resorted to with profit in
regard to a variety of diseases for which they are consulted."-
Boston Med, dnd Surg. Journal.
•
4. Principles and Practice of Dental Surgery, Balt.,
1839, Svo, pp. 384; 7th ed., Phila., 1858, Svo, pp. $92.
We feel warranted in saying that it embodies more practical
information than any other work on the subject in the English
language: we would consequently recommend its perusal in the
most unqua 'fied terms, to the medical profession generally, and to
the scientific Surgeon-Dentist in particular."-Southern Medical
und Surgical Journal.
5. Fox's Natural Hist. and Diseases of the Human
Teeth; edited, with addits., 1846, imp. Svo, pp. 440; 2d
ed., Phila., 1855, Svo. 6. Trans. of Desirabode's Complete
Elements of the Science and Art of the Dentist, Balt.,
1847, 8vo, pp. 552; in the original French, about pp. 900.
We are indebted to Dr. H. for two or three other transla-
tions from the same language. Dr. Harris has edited the
Amer. Jour. of Dental Science from its commencement in
1839 to the present time, (1858,)—i.e. for nineteen years,
-assisted at various times by Drs. E. Parmly, S. Brown,
E. Maynard, A. Westcot, W. H. Dwinelle, A. A. Blandy,
and A. Snowden Piggot. He has also been a contributor
to the Maryland Jour. of Med. and Chir., Amer. Jour. of
Med. Science, N. York Dental Recorder, and to one or two
literary publications.
W
Harris, Daniel. Transit of Venus; Phil. Trans., 1769.
Harris, Edmund. Serms., 1588, '90.
Harris, G. P. Con. to Traus. Linn. Soc., 1807.
Harris, George, d. 1796, an English civilian, Chan-
cellor of the dioceses of Durham, Hereford, and Llandaff,
and Commissary of Essex, Herts, and Surrey, was the son
of Dr. John Harris, Bp. of Llandaff. 1. Observ. upon the
Eng. Language, 1752, 8vo. Anon. 2. D. Justiniani Insti-
tutionum, Libri Quatuor, with an Eng. trans. and notes,
Lon., 1756, '61; Oxf., 1811, all 4to.
"A valuable work, the of who
would form a just notion of the civil policy of the Romans, and
acquire, at the same time, a comparative view of the English."-
DR. ADAM CLARKE.
"Mr. Harris's translation is accurate, and furnished with some
notes which elucidate obscure passages, and occasionally point out
the analogy between the Common and the Civil Law."-Marvin's
Leg. Bibl. See COOPER, THOMAS, M.D.; LYON, GEORGE.
Harris, George. 1. Life of Lord-Chancellor Hard-
1. Life of Lord-Chancellor Hard-
wicke, Lon., 1847, 3 vols. 8vo.
6.
Vigorous, intelligent, and interesting.”—Lon. Quar. Rev.
This work gives some important information respecting
the Roman Catholics.
2. True Theory of Representation in a State, 1852.
Harris, George W. Reports of the Supreme Ct. of
Penna., 1849–56, Phila,, 12 vols.
Harris, Henrietta. Poems, 1806, 12mo.
Harris, Henry. On Priesthood, Oxf., 1849, Svo.
Harris, Rev. J. Sufferings of Christ, 1809.
Harris, James, M.P., of Salisbury, 1709-1780, a ne-
phew of Lord Shaftesbury, the celebrated author of the
Characteristics, was educated at Wadham Coll., Oxf., and
removed from thence to Lincoln's Inn. In 1761 he entered
Parliament; in 1762 became a Lord of the Admiralty; in
1763 Lord of the Treasury; and in 1774 Secretary and
Comptroller to the Queen. He was a man of great erudi-
tion, and especially skilled in the Greek and Latin classics.
1. Three Treatises: I. Art; II. Music, Painting, and Poetry;
III. Happiness, Lon., 1744, Svo. Other eds. in 1765, '71, '72.
This is a valuable work. An eminent authority commends
the treatise on Art, as
"The best specimen of the dividing or diæretic manner, as the
ancients called it, that is to be found in any modern book with
which I am acquainted."-LORD MONBODDO.
2. Hermes; or, a Philosophical Inquiry concerning Lan-
guage and Universal Grammar, Lon., 1750, '51, '71, '75,
IS06, Svo. The title of this learned work has sometimes
occasioned its being purchased for a novel; but a pupil
of the Minerva Press school would soon find himself be-
yond his depth. A celebrated philologist, in the Preface
to his English Grammar, thus warmly commends Mr.
Harris's treatise:
"Those who would enter more deeply into this subject will find
it fully and accurately handled, with the greatest acuteness of
investigation, perspicuity of application, and elegance of method,
in a Treatise entitled Hermes, by J. Harris, Esq., the most beau-
tiful and perfect example of analysis that has been exhibited since
the days of Aristotle."-BISHOP LOWTH.
I
"On the means of acquiring just taste: written with the pre-
cision of Aristotle, and the elegance of Quintilian.”—Coleridge.
We ought not either to omit the mention of Mr. James Harris,
the learned and accomplished author of one of the most beautiful
specimens of metaphysical analysis on the theory of Language,
which exist in our language; I mean the work entitled Hermes."
--Morell's Hist. of Mod. Philos.
3. The Spring; a Pastoral, 1762, 4to. 4. Philosophical
790
Arrangements, Edin. and Lon., 1775, Svo. This is a por-
tion of a larger work that he had meditated, but never
finished, upon the logic of Aristotle. 5. Philological In-
quiries, in 3 Parts. Lon., 1780, 2 vols. 8vo; Part 3, in
French, Paris, 1789, 12mo. 6. Works, with Life, by his
son, the Earl of Malmesbury, Lon., 1801, 2 vols. 4to and
r. 4to; 1803, 5 vols. Svo.
"His profound knowledge of Greek, which he applied more suc-
cessfully, perhaps, than any modern writer has done, to the study
and explanation of ancient philosophy, arose from an early and
intimate acquaintance with the excellent poets and historians in
that language.”—EARL OF MALMESBURY: Life of his father, q. v.
Mr. Harris had long left the University of Oxford before he
phy; and he was led to the consideration of universal grammar
began even to read Aristotle, or to inquire into the Greek philoso-
by no book of the academical cycle, either then or since, but by the
Minerva of Sanctius. That Mr. Harris was a tardy student of
philosophy is shown, perhaps, in his want of self-reliance, in his
prejudice in favour of authority-at least of ancient authority.
But truth is not the property of the old or of the new; 'non dum
occupata,'-it frequently belongs to neither.”—SIR WM. HAMILTON :
Oxford as it might be: Append. to Discussions, dc., 2d ed., Lou,
1853. Svo.
Mr. Harris's personal character was most estimable:
"The deep sense of moral and religious obligation which was
habitual to him, and those benevolent feelings which were so great
a happiness to his family and friends, had the same powerful in-
fluence over his public as his private life."—EARL OF MALMESBURY:
supru.
C.
Mr. Harris's style is flat and heavy; and Dr. Johnson observed
to Mrs. Piozzi, that in the fourteen lines of which the dedication
of the Hermes consists, there were no less than six grammatical
faults."-Lon. Quar. Rev., lxxiv. 543; Mrs. Piozzi: Anec.. p. 6.
**
At Lord Monboddo's, after the conversation upon the decrease
of learning in England, his lordship mentioned Hermes, by Mr.
Harris of Salisbury, as the work of a living author for whom he
had a great respect. Dr. Johnson said nothing at the time; but
when we were in our post-chaise. told me he thought Harris a
coxcomb."-BOSWELL: Life of Johnson.
+
Harris, James, M.P., first Earl of Malmesbury,
1746-1820, son of the preceding, educated at Merton Col-
lege, Oxford, and at the University of Leyden, was for
many years ambassador from Great Britain to Spain,
Prussia, Russia, the Hague, and France, respectively. In
1843-44 his grandson, the third Earl, pub., in 4 vols. 8vo,
his grandfather's Diaries and Correspondence, 1767-1809.
"As to literary merit, the volumes have none at all. In his
style, the son of the author of Hermes follows his father's example
rather than his precepts. It is flat and ungrammatical; and,
what is more surprising, vulgar to a degree to use one of his
own slip-slop phrases-and we do not know that we ever read so
C
many letters in which there was so little of that occasional orna-
ment and relief which literature and wit can impart even to the
driest business."-Lon. Quar. Rev., 1xxiv. 508-544.
His lordship was the author of an Introduction to the
Hist. of the Dutch Republic.
Harris, James. Algebraist's Assist., 1818.
Harris, John. The Divine Physician; prescribing
Rules for the cure of diseases as well of the Body as the
Soul, Lon., 1676, 8vo.
Harris, John, Rector of Winchelsea. Animalcules
in Water; Phil. Trans., 1696.
Harris, John, D.D., 1667-1719, the first compiler of
a Dictionary of Arts and Sciences in England, educated
at St. John's Coll., Camb., became Rector of St. Mildred's,
London, Perpetual Curate of Stroud, Preb. of Rochester,
and Fellow-Secretary and Vice-President of the Royal
Society. He died in great poverty. He pub. works on
nat. hist., mathematics, and astronomy, serms., &c., 1697-
1719, and the following compilations, by which he is best
known: 1. Collection of Voyages and Travels, Lon., 1702,
'05, 8vo. New ed., revised and continued by Dr. John
Campbell, 1744-48, 2 vols. fol. Consisting of above six
hundred of the most authentic writers from Columbus to
Anson. This collection is compiled from Hakluyt, Pur-
chas, Ramusio, Thévenot, De Bry, Herrera, &c.
"As to Harris's Collection, let any one inspect the curicus con-
tents only of the first volume, as exhibited by Mr. Harris in his
valuable Catalogue of the Library of the Royal Institution, p. 200,
and he will not hesitate a moment respecting the importance of
the work."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
Collection, but differs entirely from that work, being a history of
"It appears to have been got up in competition with Churchill's
all the known voyages and travels, whereas Churchill's is a collec
tion of some particular relations and histories."-Rich's Bibl. Amer
Nora.
C
LL.D.; HAKLUYT, RICHARD; OSBORNE, THOMAS; PINK-
See CHURCHILL, OWNSHAM and JOHN; CAMPBELL, JOHN,
ERTON, JOHN. 2. Lexicon Technicum; or, an Universal
Dictionary of Arts and Sciences: explaining not only the
Terms of Art, but the Arts themselves, 2 vols. fol., 1704,
&c.
5 eds. appeared before 1741, when a Supp. was pub.
This is the first of the respectable line of English Ency-
clopædias, of which the Sth edit. of the Encyclopædia
Britannica, now (1858) in course of publication, is the
last. See Bowyer's criticism on the terms Cyclopædia and
HAR
HAR
Encyclopædia, in our life of ЕPHRAIM CHAMBERS. 3. His-
tory of Kent; containing its Topography, Civil and Eccles.
Hist., &c., 1719, 2 vols. fol. Posth. Left incomplete, and
very inaccurate also, at his death. In 1698 Dr. Harris
preached the course of Boyle Lectures: see Boyle Lec-
tures, vol. i. 356-425, 1739.
Harris, John, Bishop of Llandaff, 1729, d. 1738.
Serms., 1716, '25, '34.
Harris, John, M.D. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799.
Harris, John, D.D., a Dissenting divine, Principal
of New College, St. John's Wood, London, was born at
Ugborough, Devonshire, in 1804, and entered Hoxton
College as a student of divinity in 1823. He preached
for some time at Epsom, and in 1837 became Prof. of
Theology in Cheshunt College. On the occasion of the amal-
gamation, in 1850, of the Independent colleges of High-
bury, Homerton, and Coward, into New College, Dr. Harris
became Principal of the Institute, and its Professor of
Theology. Dr. Harris died December 21, 1856. As an
author, Dr. Harris attained a wide celebrity both in
Europe and America. 1. The Great Teacher, Lon., 1835,
p. Svo. 2. The Christian Citizen; a Serm., cr. 8vo. 3. The
Witnessing Church; a Serm., 8vo. 4. Britannia; or, The
Condition and Claims of Seamen, 1837, 8vo. New ed.,
1853, p. 8vo. This obtained a prize of £50.
A
This is an excellent and powerful appeal in aid of the objects
of the British and Foreign Sailors' Society, and we congratulate
the Society on having found so able an advocate as Mr. Harris
proves himself to be."-Lon. Nautical Mag.
5. Covetousness the sin of the Christian Church, 1836,
p. Svo. New ed., 1851, p. Svo. This essay obtained a
prize of one hundred guineas. About 90,000 to 100,000
copies have been sold to the present time, (1856.) We
have already alluded to the censure which it elicited: see
ELLABY, JAMES, and A. S. THELWALL; Lon. Presbyterian
Review, Aug. 1837. 6. Union; or, The Divided Church
made One, 1836, p. 8vo. New ed., 1851, p. 8vo.
"We cordially recommend the Essay to our readers. It appears
to us more than worth all the schemes of comprehension that have
ever been propounded, or all the henoticons or concordats that
have ever been imagined."-Lon. Eclectic Review.
All the writings of Mr. Harris are excellent, and deservedly
popular. It is very remarkable that they tend to elevate the tone
of Christian principle, and to kindle and purify the zeal of God's
professing people, more than those of any other living author.
That this subject has been undertaken by Mr. Harris is to us
matter of high gratification. It is one very worthy of his master-
mind, and one, the claims of which he has rendered forcibly at-
tractive, if not in every part absolutely irresistible.”—Lon. “New
Connexion Mag.
"We desire to give it the most cordial recommendation, as a
production which evinces a bright intellect, a pious disposition,
and a catholic and loving spirit."-Lon. Baptist Repository.
7. The Great Commission, 1842, p. Svo. New ed., 1852,
p. Svo. This essay on Christian Missions obtained a prize
of two hundred guineas.
"The production, in all its departments, bears the impress of
the hand of a consummate artist. The symmetry, the proportion
of parts to parts, is all but perfect. The materials are skilfully
selected; they are rich, varied, and appropriate. Nothing is want-
ing that knowledge, research, or invention, could supply. The
work throughout bespeaks the Christian, the philosopher, the
man of letters, and, rarest of all, the man of business."-Lon.
Eclectic Review.
"It is a magnificent production. Comprehensive in plan: ad-
mirable in arrangement; elegant in diction; happy in illustration;
cogent and conclusive in reasoning, and powerful in appeal. It
is a volume which the church of Christ, if true to her interests
and faithful to the responsibilities of her high vocation, never
must, never can, willingly let die.' It is an honour to our country,
a boon to our churches, a blessing to the world."—Lon. Christian
Examiner.
6
S. The Pre-Adamite Earth, 1847, Svo. New ed., 1850,
8vo. This is the first of a series of which three works
have been pub. See also Nos. 9 and 10.
"The work exhibits great research and power of analysis, clear
and profound reasoning and demonstrations. The attempt is
made, and we think successfully, to show that there is a theology
in nature which is ultimately one with the theology of the Bible."
-Lon. Biblical Repository.
"We estimate highly Dr. Harris's book. In many respects it is
the best book of the kind we have seen. . . . To those who will take
the trouble to read it through, we feel assured that it will prove a
source of instruction and elevating thought.”—Lon. Athenæum.
9. Man Primeval, 1849, 8vo.
"His copious and beautiful illustratious of the successive laws
of the Divine Manifestation have yielded us inexpressible delight." |
-Lon. Eclectic Rev.
“We do not believe that in any treatise in our language man's
relation to the system and order of things to which he belongs
has ever been so fully and satisfactorily developed.”—Lon. Evan-
gel. Mag.
10. Patriarchy; or, The Family, its Constitution, &c.,
1855, Svo. A collective ed. of the Works of Dr. Harris
was pub. in 1838, Lon., 4 vols. r. 12mo. We have quoted
but from a few of the commendations before us of the works
of this distinguished divine. We feel unwilling to close
without brief citations from two well-known authorities:
"Harris's Great Teacher, Mammon, The Great Commission. &c.
have been received with extraordinary approbation by almost all
classes of religious people; and are justly entitled to the applause
which they have commanded. They are not more remarkable for
the elegance of their diction than for the spirit of pure and fervent
devotion by which they are pervaded."-Dr. E. Williams's Chris-
tian Preacher.
His great power is the exhaustion and ingenious illustration
of topics. His manner of writing has a quiet earnestness about
it which is very impressive, and which characterizes his mode of
public address. He deserves great praise for the lively graces of
Mainmon, for the manful and masterful execution of the Great
Teacher. a book which contains the most successful full-length
portraiture of the Divine Man we have read, and, since the fint
edition of this work appeared, for two very vigorous and original
books on the Pre-Adamnite Earth. and Man Primeval."-Gilfillan's
First Gallery of Literary Portraits. 3d ed.. Lon., 1851; 143–144.
|
See also Lon. Eclectic Review, 4th S., iv. 303; xxi. 137;
xxvi. 612; Brit. Quar. Rev., v. 387; South. Quar. Rev.,
xxi. 48 Bost. Chris. Rev., vii. 379; by D. W. Phillips,
xiv. 402; by A. P. Peabody, N. Amer. Rev., 1xx. 391.
Most of Dr. Harris's works have been republished in
neat style by Gould & Lincoln, of Boston.
Harris, Joseph. Dramas and poems, 1691–1702.
See Biog. Dramat.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Harris, Joseph, Assay-Master of the Mint, d. 1761,
pub. mathemat. and other treatises, 1730-75, of which the
following is the best-known: An Essay upon Money and
Coins in Two Parts, Lon., 1757, Svo.
"
This is one of the very best treatises on money and coins that
have ever been published."-McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., g. x.
Harris, Joseph, Secretary to Vice-Admiral Mil-
banke, d. 1789, aged 31. Naval Characters, &c.
Harris, Moses. 1. The Aurelian; or, Nat. Hist. of
English Moths and Butterflies, Lon., 1766, fol., 1776, '82,
4to. A copy on vellum, in Edwards's Catalogue for 1796,
was marked £52 108. See a learned paper upon this sub-
ject, with a review of this work, in the Lon. Retrosp. Rev.,
N. S.. i. 230-245, 1827. A new ed. of the Aurelian, by J.
O. Westwood, was pub. by H. G. Bohn in 1840, sm. fol.,
44 plates, £4 18. This is the only work which contains
the English moths and butterflies of the full natural size,
plants on which they feed.
in all their changes of Caterpillar, Chrysalis, &c., with the
2. The English Lepidoptera; or, The Aurelian's Pocket-
Companion, 1775, Svo.
Companion, 1775, Svo. 3. An Exposition of English In-
sects, in Eng. and French, Lon., 1776, '82, r. 4to, 50 plates.
A work of great value.
"Moses Harris was the best painter and engraver of insects of
his day, besides being a most accurate describer."-SWAINSON,
Harris, Rev. Raymond. Slave Trade, Liverp.,
1788. Svo.
Harris, Richard. Concordia Anglicana de prima-
tur Eccl. Regio, &c., Lon., 1612, 8vo. In English, with
addits., 1614, 4to.
Harris, Robert, D.D., 1578-1658, a Puritan divine,
a native of Gloucestershire, educated at Magdalen Hall,
Oxford, obtained the living of Hanwell, Oxfordshire;
President of Trin. Coll., Oxford, 1648-58. He pub. a
number of Serms. &c., 1618-42, and Two Letters in vin-
dic. of himself, 1648, 4to.
1648, 4to. Works collected, 1635, fol.;
him among the most eminent of English divines.
with some addit. serms., 1654, fol. Bishop Wilkins classes
"A far-famed puritanical preacher of his time."-Athen. Oxon.
"A man of adinirable prudence. profound judgment, eminent
gifts and graces, and furnished with all qualifications which might
render him a complete man, a wise governor, a popular Preacher,
and a good Christian."-Durham,
See Athen. Oxon., and the Annals, Colleges, and Halls,
and Wood's Life; Harris's Life, by Durham, 1660, 12mo;
Warton's Life of Bathurst, 146, and of Sir Thomas Pope,446.
Harris, S., D.D., Prof. of Mod. Hist. in the Univ. of
Camb. A Comment on the 53d Chap. of Isaiah, Lon.,
1739, 4to.
++
This is a curious and learned book, which is commended by
Dr. Doddridge."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Harris, T. Covent-Garden Theatre, 1768.
Harris, Thaddeus Mason, D.D., 1768-1842, a
native of Charlestown, Mass., graduated at Harvard Col-
lege in 1787, and was librarian of that institution from
1791 to 1793. In 1793 he became pastor of a Congrega-
tional church in Dorchester, and retained this post until
his death. He pub. many Sermons and Addresses, and
several valuable works. We notice:-1. Discourses in
favour of Free-Masonry, Charlestown, 1801, Svo. 2. The
Minor Encyclopædia, 1803, 4 vols. 3. Journal of a Tour
into the Territory northwest of the Alleghany Mountains
in 1803, Bost., 1805, 8vo. 4. A Natural History of the
Bible, 1821, Svo. Other eds., some of which are entitled,
A Dictionary of the Nat. Hist. of the Bible, Lon., 1824,
791
HAR
HAR
Svo: 1825, 12mo. New ed., with addits, and corrections |
by Josiah Conder, 150 wood-cuts, 1833-34, 12mo. In
German, at Leipsic, 1825, 8vo. We have already noticed
this excellent work in our article on CARPENTER, WIL-
LIAM, q. v.
"We cheerfully recommend the work both to the learned and
the unlearned reader, as containing all that can be known on the
subjects which successively occur. Many of the articles will be
read with great interest: and in those in which curiosity is most
concerned, the author, in a form as much abridged as their nature
would admit. has exhausted all the learning of naturalists and
travellers; and. as we believe, has generally come to the right re-
sults."-S. WILLARD: N. Amer. Rev., xix. 86-92.
This eulogistic notice is "cheerfully adopted" by the
distinguished Biblical scholar, the Rev. T. Hartwell Horne,
D.D.; see his Bibl. Bib. Mr. Bickersteth also commends
Dr. Harris's work: see his Christian Student.
"This is an excellent book, containing descriptions of all the ani-
mals, insects. and precious stones, which are mentioned in the
Scriptures. They are alphabetically arranged; and thus, while
the volume cannot fail to be valuable and interesting to the young
reader, it is well adapted to the more mature and experienced.”.
Lon. Lit. Gazelle.
5. Memorials of the First Church in Dorchester; in Two
Discourses, Bost., 1830, Svo. 6. Biographical Memoirs
of James Oglethorpe, Founder of the Colony of Georgia
in N. America, 1841, 8vo.
"Considering the nature of his materials, the author's task was
neither inviting nor easy; but it has been well executed. and be
has rendered a just tribute to the memory of a distinguished bene
factor of mankind, and a valuable service to the history of his
country."-JARED SPARKS: N. Amer. Rev., liii. 448-478.
A biographical notice of Dr. Harris, by Dr. Frothingham,
will be found in the Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th S., ii. 130.
“A man of a good deal of learning in New England antiquities."
-IION. EDWARD EVERETT: see conclusion of the next article.
Harris, Thaddeus William, M.D., grad. at Har-
vard College, 1815, d. 1856, son of the preceding, was a
resident of Cambridge, Mass., and had been Librarian of
Harvard College from 1831 to the time of his decense.
Dr. Harris was a distinguished entomologist, and as an
author was extensively known by A Report on the Insects
of Massachusetts Injurious to Vegetation, Cambridge,
1841, Svo.
"We hardly know where to find a summary so condensed, and,
at the same time, so complete. It removes all difficulty at the out
set; and thus, while this Report is sufficiently scientific in its execu-
tion to meet the expectations of the learned, it answers the more
important purpose of placing the means of knowledge in every
man's hands."-N. Amer. Rev., liv. 73-101.
A second impression of this Report, somewhat enlarged,
was pub. by the author in 1842, Svo, pp. 459, under the
title of A Treatise on some of the Insects of New Eng-
land which are Injurious to Vegetation. A new ed. of
this valuable work, revised and enlarged by the addition
of about fifty pages, was pub. (under the title just quoted)
in 1852, 8vo. See a notice in N. Amer. Rev., lxxvi. 255- |
256. Dr. Harris's Report was drawn up by him in an
official capacity; and we cannot confer a greater honour
upon his memory than by quoting the following high
testimony to his scientific erudition:
"The late Dr. Thaddeus William Harris was one of the commis-
sioners appointed for the Zoological and Botanical Survey of Mas-
sachusetts while I was Governor of the state, in 1837. The ento-
mological department was entrusted to him; and in this country
he had, at the time, no superior, if he had an equal, which I doubt.”
-HON. EDWARD EVERETT: in a Letter to the Author of this Diction-
ary, May 27, 1856.
Harris, Thom. The Excellency of the Handy Work
of the Royal Hand, Lon., 1665, 4to.
Harris, Thomas. The Arminian Priests Last Pe-
tition, 1642, 4to. In verse.
Harris, Thomas. Crude Mercury, Lon., 1732, '34,
'35. 8vo.
Harris, Thomas. Serms., 1733, '49, '55.
Harris, Thomas, M.D., Surgeon U. S. Navy. Life
of Com. Wm. Bainbridge, Phila., 1837, 8vo.
Harris, Thomas, of Baltimore. 1. Modern Entries.
New ed., by H. D. Evans, Balt., 1831-32, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. In
conjunction with J. McHenry, Maryland Reports, 1700-99,
N. York and Annap., 1809-18, 4 vols. 8vo. 3. In con-
junction with R. Johnson, Maryland Reports, 1800-26,
Annap., 1821-27, 7 vols. Svo. 4. In conjunction with R.
W. Gill, Maryland Reports, 1826-29, 2 vols. 8vo.
Harris, Thomas L. 1. An Epic of the Starry Hea-
vens, N. York, 1854, 12mo. 2. Lyric of the Morning Land,
N. York, 1854, 12mo. 2. Lyric of the Morning Land,
1854, 12mo. 3. A Lyric of the Golden Age, 1856, 12mo.
Harris, Tucker, M.D., 1747-1821, a native of
Charleston, pub. some essays in the Medical Journal of
Philadelphia. See Thacher's Medical Biography.
Harris, W., LL.D. Elements of the Chaldoe Lan-
guage, Lon., 1822, Svo. Intended as a supplement to the
192
Hebrew Grammar, and a general introduction to the Ara
mean dialects.
Harris, Sir W. S. 1. Effects of Lightning on Float
ing Bodies, Lon., 4to. 2. Nature of Thunder Storms,
1843, 8vo. 3. Rudiments of Electricity, 1849, '51, 12mo.
4. Rudimentary Magnetism, 1850, 12mo. Part 3, 1852,
12mo. 5. Rudimentary Treatise on Galvanism, 1855, 12mo.
Harris, or Harries, Walter, M.D., b. at Glouces-
ter, England, about 1647, Physician to William III., pub.
a number of professional works, 1676-1727, among which
is Dissertationes Medicæ et Chirurgica, &c., Lon., 1725,
Svo. See Athen. Oxon., and the work just named.
Harris, Walter. 1. Hist. of William Henry, Prince
of Nassau and Orange, King of England, &c., Dubl., 1749,
fol.
2. Fiction Unmasked, relative to the Irish Rebellion
and Massacre, 1752, 8vo. 3. Hibernica; or, some Ancient
Pieces relating to Ireland, 1757, fol.; 1770, Svo. A work
of great value. 4. Hist. and Antiq. of Dublin, 1766, 8vo.
Harris edited Sir James Ware's Works on Ireland, viz.:
The Whole Works of Sir James Ware concerning Ireland,
revised and improved, 1739-45, 2 vols. fol. The Whole
Works of Sir James Ware concerning Ireland, trans. into
English, revised and improved, 1764, 2 vols. fol. See
Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 250, 252, 258; Lowndes's
Bibl. Man, art. Ware, Sir James.
|
Harris, Wm., D.D., 1675 ?-1740, a Dissenting divine,
pastor of a congregation in Crutched-Friars, London, for
thirty years one of the preachers of a Friday Evening
Lecture, and one of the continuators of Matthew Henry's
Commentary on the Bible. He pub. a number of occa-
sional serms., &c., 1704-37; The Life of Dr. Thos. Man-
ton, 1725, Svo, and in Manton's Works; Two Serms.
against Woolaston, 1728, 8vo. ; and the following series of
Discourses, by which he is best known:-1. Practical Dis-
courses on the Principal Representations of the Messiah,
1724, Svo. 2. Funeral Discourses, 1736, Svo. Dr. Harris
Was reckoned the greatest master of the English tongue
among the Dissenters. His style is plain and easy, his thoughts
substantial."-DR. Doddridge.
BOGUE AND BENNETT.
"Ranks among those who have embellished our language."-
G
Harris, Wm., D.D., 1720-1770, a Dissenting divine,
a native of Salisbury, pub. a number of valuable biogra-
phies, viz.: of Hugh Peters, 1751, Svo; of James I., 1753,
8vo; of Charles I., 1758, 8vo; of Oliver Cromwell, 1762,
Svo; of Charles II., 1766, 2 vols. Svo. New ed. of all,
with a Life of the Author, 1814, 5 vols. 8vo. The "Regal
trated with copious notes.
Biographies" are after the manner of Bayle: i. e., illus-
The historical reader should
not fail to procure these invaluable vols. In his opinions
Harris favoured republican sentiments:
"His reasonings are strongly tinged with his early prejudices;
but his facts are, in general, narrated with fidelity, and the evi-
dence on both sides is given without mutilation.”
"Crabbed as may be the composition and combatable the opi-
nions of the author, yet these volumes must have a place in s
well-stored library. Harris is perhaps, with two exceptions, the
most note-able writer in the English language. All his works are
professed to be taken from Original Writings and State Papers."
-Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
•
>
Harris's faithfulness as an historian is endorsed by one
of the most eminent of modern historical students, Prof.
Smyth.
Notice of the Life of Charles the First:
"A general summary of the particulars of this reign, not very
favourable to the king. will be found in Harris's Life of Charles
the First. Harris fortifies the positions in his text, like Bayle, by
copious notes, which will, at least, bring the subject, and all the
learning that belongs to it, in full review before the reader.”
Notice of the Life of Oliver Cromwell:
<<
There is a Life of Cromwell, by Harris, in the manner of his
other historical treatises, and equally valuable.”
Notice of the Life of Charles the Second:
"After the perusal of Mr. Hume, we may turn to the Life of
Charles the Second, by Harris. The notes are full of information,
and of particulars which the reader may not have an opportunity
of selecting from their original sources, or, indeed, of readily find-
ing in any other manner."
Tho above notices are taken from the Lects. on Mod.
Hist.
Harris contributed a paper on Roman antiquities in G.
Brit. to the Archæol., 1770.
Harris, William, Librarian of the Royal Institution
of Great Britain. A Catalogue of the Library of the Royal
Institution, Methodically Arranged, with an Alphabetical
List of Authors, Lon., 1809, 8vo; 1821, r. 8vo. No library,
no bibliographer, should be without this excellent cata-
See BUR-
logue. It has already come under our notice.
NEY, CHARLES, JR., D.D.
"If a lucid order, minute and correct description of the volumes
of an admirably-chosen library, accompanied with a copious and
faithful alphabetical index, be recommendations with the biblio-
HAR
HAR
grapher, the present volume will not be found wanting upon his
shelf. It is the most useful book of its kind ever published in
this country. Let the bibliomaniac hasten to seize one of the five
remaining copies only (out of the fifty which were printed) upon
LARGE PAPER."-Dibdin's Bibliomania, ed. 1842, 99. And see
Dibdin's Lib. Comp.. ed. 1825.
Harris, William A., M.D., U. S. Navy. A Practi-
cal Manual on Diseases of the Heart and Great Vessels;
trans. from the French, Phila.
"This is an excellent epitome of a large and important class of
diseases. especially as to diagnosis."-Med-Chir. Rev.
Harris, Sir William Cornwallis, Major H. E. I.
B. C. Engineers. 1. Wild Sports in Southern Africa in 1836–
37, 1839, 8vo; 4th ed., 1844, imp. 8vo; 5th ed., 1849, imp.
8vo.
"We must here take our leave of Captain Harris's most amusing
narrative. The whole of it will be read with great pleasure and
profit. . . . The Zoologist will find in this book many valuable
accounts of the habits of animals of the greatest rarity: and the
sportsman will read of scenes of the most stirring description, and
of shots which leave nothing more to be wished from eye, hand,
lead, and gunpowder.'"-Lim. Quar. Rev., Ixiv. 188–232.
2. Game and Wild Animals of Africa, 1839, 8vo, £10
108.; large paper, £21; 2d ed., 1844, imp. Svo; 3d ed.,
1849, imp. Svo. 3. Highlands of Ethiopia, 2d ed., 1844,
3 vols. 8vo.
The intelligent and animated volumes of which we have now
given a bird's-eye view we regard as rivalling in interest and im-
portance any book of travels of this century.”—Blackwoods Mag.
"A work of extraordinary interest and value: a narrative which
will take a permanent place in the library as the best authority
ever yet given to the world on all the subjects to which it relates."
-Foreign and Colonial Rev.
4. Illustrations of Ethiopia, 1845, r. 4to.
Harris, Sir William Snow. See HARRIS, SIR W. S.
Harrison, Dr. Threni Hibernici, &c., Lon., 1659, 4to.
Harrison, Amos. Serms.,&c., Lon., 1724-43, all 8vo.
Harrison, Benjamin, Archdeacon of Maidstone,
and Canon of Canterbury. 1. Interpret. of the Rubrics,
Lon., 1845, 8vo. 2. Warburtonian Lects. (12) on the Pro-
phecies, 1849, Svo. 3. Serms. on the English Church,
1850, Svo.
Harrison, D. J., Curate of St. Peter's, Walworth.
Serm. on the Death of the Duke of Wellington, Lon.,
1852, 12mo.
Harrison, Anthony. Poet. works, 1794, 1806.
Harrison, Capt. David. Distressful Voyage, &c.
of C. II., of the Sloop Peggy, Lon., 1766, Svo.
Harrison, Edward. Longitude, Lon., 1696, Sro.
Harrison, Edward, M.D. Profess. treatises, Lon.,
1782, 1810.
Harrison, George. Addresses on the Slave Trade,
Education, &c., 1792-1810.
Harrison, George. Act rel. to Land Tax, 3d ed.,
1802.
Harrison, Sir George. Fragments and Scraps of
History, &c., Lon., 1834, 2 vols. r. 4to. Privately printed.
Sir George was a diligent collector of historical materials.
Harrison, Sir George. An Expos. on the Laws,
&c. of the Stannaries in Cornwall, Lon., 1835, Svo.
Harrison, Gessner, M.D., Prof. of Ancient Lan-
guages in the Univ. of Virginia. 1. Exposition of Some of
the Laws of the Latin Grammar, N. York, 1852. 12mo. Com-
mended. 2. On the Greek Prepositions, Phila., 1858, Svo.
Harrison, Gustavus. Agriculture Delineated; or,
The Farmer's Complete Guide, Lon., 1775, Svo.
Harrison, Rev. J. The Etymological Enchiridion,
Preston, 1823, 12mo.
Harrison, J. B. Louisiana, &c. Reports, N. Orleans,
1839–40, 4 vols. Svo. See Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 372.
Harrison, James, a bookseller, who was employed
by Lady Hamilton in compiling the Genuine Memoirs of
Lord Viscount Nelson, 1806, 2 vols. Svo. He is also sup-
posed to be the editor of the Correspondence between
Lord Nelson and Lady Hamilton, 1813, 2 vols. 8vo. See
a review of this work by Lord Brougham, in the Edin.
Rev., xxiii. 398-410, and in his collected Contrib. to Edin.
Rev., iii. 267–279.
Harrison, James. Biography of Eminent Persons,
Lon., 2 vols. r. Svo.
Harrison, John. Yet a Course at the Romish Foxe,
Zurich, 1543, 16mo. Attributed to Bp. John Bale.
Harrison, John. The Messiah already Come, Amst.,
1619, 4to. Other works, 1619, '33, both 4to.
Harrison, John, of Cambridge, Mass. On a Small
Species of Wasp; Phil. Trans., 1751.
Harrison, John, 1693-1776, an eminent mechanic,
received from the English Government nearly £24,000 for
his time-keepers, by which great accuracy was obtained in
the calculations of longitude. The Principles of Mr. Har-
riron's Time-Keeper was pub., Lon., 1767, 4to. For a list
As an
of other publications on this subject, see Lowndes's Bibl.
Man.; Hutton's Dict.; Annual Register for 1777.
author, Harrison's style was so uncouth as to be almost
unintelligible.
Harrison, John, Surgeon. Med. treatises, Lon
1785-92.
Harrison, John, M.D. Dissertatio de Pertuzi, Got-
tingæ, 1793, 4to.
Harrison, Joseph. 1. Prac. in Ct. of Chan., Lon.,
1741, 2 vols. Svo; 8th ed., by W. Parke, 1796, 2 vols. 8vo;
9th ed., by J. Newland, 1808, 2 vols. 8vo. Reprint., Phila.,
1807, 8vo. 2. Prac. of Ct. of K. B. and C. P., 1761, 2 vols
Svo.
Harrison, Joseph. Floricultural Cabinet, 1832-52,
21 vols. 8vo. Mr. H. also publishes the Gardener's Record,
the Garden Almanack, &c.
Harrison, Josiah. 1. Laws of N. Jersey, 1820-33,
Camden, 1833, Svo. 2. N. Jersey Supreme Ct. Reports,
1837-42, 4 vols. 8vo, 1839–43.
Harrison, Matthew, Rector of Church-Oakley, Ba-
singstoke, Hants, and late Fellow of Queen's Coll.. Oxford.
Language, Lon.. 1848, p. 8vo; 2d ed., Phila., 1856.
The Rise, Progress, and Present Structure of the English
This. both for philosophical astuteness and a critical insight
into and exposition of our living tongue, is one of the most in-
structive and interesting volumes with which we have met in the
long course of our grammatical and lingual labours."-Lon. Lite-
rary Guz.
b
Mr. Harrison's volume contains many instructive observations
on the structure of the language, and a very copious and useful
collection of illustrations on most points connected with English
syntax and composition; but as regards the history of the lan-
guage. and its relation to the other members of the Teutonic
family, his work is far inferior to that of Dr. Latham. [The English
Language.] The latter is in fact only too full and profound for
young students."-Edin. Rev., xcii. 338. See LATHAM. R. G.
Harrison, Michael. Serms., &c., Lon., 1691, all 8vo.
Harrison, Nicholas Bacon, Lieut. of the Marines.
The Travellers; a Comedy, Lon., 1788, '89, 8vo.
Harrison, R. Catholic Protestant, York, 1780, Svo.
Harrison, R. Serms., 1813, Svo.
..
Harrison, R. Tarrant. 1. Digested Index to all
the Decisions in Cts. of Law and Equity, Lon., 1837-56.
Continued annually. See HARRISON, S. B.
Harrison, Ralph, a Unitarian minister. Serms.,
with his Life, &c. by J. Holland, Manchester, 1813, 8vo.
The productions of no ordinary mind. . . . The style is perspi
cuous and neat, and sometimes elegant."-Lom. Month. Repository.
Harrison, Richard. Catechisms, 1583, Svo.
Harrison, Richard.
Harrison, Robert.
Harrison, Robert.
1682, 4to.
Serms., Lon., 1767-81.
Serms., 1672, &c.
Tempest at Oxford, Oxon.,
Harrison, S. B. 1. Evidence, Lon., 1825, 12mo.
2. Analytical Digest of Cases in H. of Lords, &c., 1756-
1843; 3d ed., by R. Tarrant Harrison, 1844, 4 vols. r. Svo.
Continued to 1852, 3 vols. r. 8vo. See Warren's Law Stu-
dies, 2d ed, 780; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 372. 3. Woodfall's
Treat. on Landlord and Tenant, 6th ed., by F. L. Wollas-
ton, 1849, r. Svo; 7th ed., by Henry Horn, 1856, r. Svo.
4. In conjunction with F. L. Wollaston, Reports in K. B.,
&c., 1836-37, 2 vols. Svo. 5. In conjunction with F. Ed-
wards, Nisi Prius, &c., 1838, 2 vols. 12mo.
Harrison, Stephen. The Seven Arches of Triumph
erected in Honour of K. James I., &c., Lon., 1604, fol.
Very rare. Woodhouse, £27 6x. Dent, with a duplicate
series of the plates with variations, £31 108. An analysis of
this work will be found in Nichols's Progresses of James I.
Harrison, Susannah. Songs in the Night, 1788;
6th ed., 1800, 12mo.
Harrison, Thomas, D.D., Chaplain to the Governor
of Virginia, subsequently, in 1650, minister of St. Dun-
stan's-in-the-East, London, and afterwards a preacher in
Dublin. Topica Sacra; or, Some Hints and Helps to Faith,
Meditation, Prayer, &c., Lon., 1658, Svo. With addits.
by John Hunter, 1770, 12mo.
5.
· Many striking thoughts: very evangelical.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
Harrison, Thomas. Serms., &c., 1700-65, all Svo.
Harrison, Thomas. Botany; Nie. Jour., 1805.
Harrison, Walter. A new and Universal Hist.,
Descrip., and Survey of London, Lon., 1775-76, fol. Pub.
in numbers. Wanting in accuracy.
Harrison, William, d. 1592? Rector of Radwinter,
Essex, and Canon of Windsor, wrote a Historical Descrip.
of the Island of Britain, prefixed to Holinshed's Chronicles,
and a Chronology. The Descrip. of England is a valuable
record of the state of the country and the manners and cus-
toms of the people in the 16th century. To Harrison, also,
is ascribed The Descrip. of Scotland, mostly trans, from
Hector Boece, prefixed to Holinshed's Hist. of Scotland.
793
HAR
HAR
Harrison, William. Certain Serms. upon the Parable | Darrel, Lon., 1599, 4to. 3. Declaration of Egregious
of the Sower, Lon.. 1614, Svo.
Popish Impostures, &c. under the pretence of casting out
Devils, 1603, 4to. From this work Shakspeare is sup-
posed to have borrowed the fantastical names of spirits in
his tragedy of Lear.
"By the use of this book in Lear. Shakspeare meant to ridiculo
Popery, from which he had been in danger.”—MS. Note in Mr.
Bright's copy.
Harrison, William. The Pilgrim, or the Happy
Convert; a Pastoral Tragedy, 1709.
Harrison, William, d. 1712, Fellow of New College,
Oxford, a great favourite with Swift, and secretary to Lord
Raby, ambassador to the Hague, was the editor of the 5th
vol. of the Tatler, and the author of some poetical pieces
pub. in Dodsley's Collection, Nichols's Collection, and
Duncombe's Horace.
|
Harston, Hall. The Countess of Salisbury; a Trag.,
Lon., 1767, Svo.
*C
"A little pretty fellow, with a great deal of wit, good sense, and
good nature."—DEAN SWIFT: see his Works; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Harrison, William. Speech in II. of C., Lon., 1814.
Harrison, William, Rector of Great-Birch, Essex.
1. Consecrated Thoughts, Lon., 1842, fp. 8vo; 1846, 12mo.
2. Serms. on the Commandments, 2d ed., 1846, fp. Svo.
3. The Tongue of Time, 1848, 12mo.
"This is a spiritual little treatise, intended to improve practically
and devotionally the twelve hours of the day to the edification of
the soul."-Churchman's Monthly Kev.
4. The Shepherd and his Sheep, 2d ed., 1849, 12mo.
Harrison, General William Henry, 1773-1841,
President of the United States at the time of his decease,
--having been in office but one month,-was a native of
Charles City county, Virginia, and the third son of Ben-
jamin Harrison, Governor of Virginia, and one of the
signers of the American Declaration of Independence. A
Discourse on the Aborigines of the Valley of the Ohio,
Cin., 1838, 8vo, pp. 51.
(.
This pamphlet discusses several important topics in the his-
tory of the native tribes of our continent with spirit and ability."
-EDWARD EVERETT: N. Amer. Rev., li. 46-48, q. v.
For notices of biographical sketches of Harrison by
Moses Dawson, James Hall, and others, see Rich's Bibl.
Amer. Nova, ii. 162, 271, 339, 350. See also Niles's Reg.,
xiv. 185; Christ. Exam., xxx. 359.
Harritson, W. 1. The Fortunate Ploughman. 2. The
Intendant Emigrants; a Scots Rural Comedy, Glasg.,
1817, 12mo.
Harrod, Wm., d. 1819, an alderman of Stamford.
1. The Patriot; a Trag., Lon., 1769, Svo.
"Possesses little or no ierit.”— Watt's Bibl. Brit.
2. Hist. and Antiq. of Stamford and St. Martin's, Stamf.,
1781, '85, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. Hist. of Mansfield and its
Environs, 1801, sm. 4to. 4. Hist. of Market-Harborough,
&c., 1808, Svo. Mr. H. projected, in 1788, a repub. and
continuation of Wright's Hist. and Antiq. of Rutland; but
the plan was not encouraged, and only two numbers ap-
peared. He also pub. a facetious political tract entitled
Coke and Birch. See Miller's Fly-Leaves, 1st Ser., 130,
Lon., 1854.
Harrop, Edward Atkins. Poems, Lon., 1796,12mo.
Harrowby, Earl of. See RYDER, DUDLEY.
Harrup, Robert. Chem., &c. con. to Nic. Jour.,
This is now a rare book. See Biog. Brit.; Le Neve's
Lives of the Archbishops; Fuller's Ch. Hist., book xi.;
Strype's Whitgift; Lysons's Environs.
2. Christ and Him Crucified the Sum and Substance of
the Gospel, &c., Albany, 1852. 3. Immanuel's Land,
1852, 32mo. 4. Principles of Hydropathy, 1852. 5. Wan-
derings of a Pilgrim, &c., 1854. 6. The Most Eminent
Orators and Statesmen of Anc. and Mod. Times, N.Y., 1855,
Svo.
"An interesting volume. The selections are characteristic and
happy, and the critical and explanatory suggestions and com-
mentary useful and just.”-RUFUS CHOATE.
7. The Heavenly Token, 12mo. 8. Life of Charles Sum-
ner, 12mo. Ed. Classical Library of Sacred Authors, to be
completed in 24 vols., N. York, 12mo.
Harsnet, Adam. Theolog, treatises, Lon., 1630, 4to.
Harsnet, Samuel, 1561-1631, a native of Colchestor,
educated at King's Coll. and Pembroke Hall, Cambridge;
Bishop of Chichester, 1609; trans. to Norwich, 1619;
Archbishop of York, 1629. 1. Serm., 1584, Lon., 1656,
12mo. 2. A Discouery of the fraudulent Practices of John
This Play, which is taken from a Romance, possesses con-
siderable merit.”— Wall's Bibl. Brit.
Watt ascribes to Hall Hartston, Youth, a Poem, Lon.,
1773, 4to; and we find him correct, according to the Lon.
Month. Rev.: see xxxvii. 392, xlviii. 259. But we con-
clude that both of above were written by Hall Harston.
Hart, Colonel, American Consul at Santa Cruz, d.
1855, author of Marian Coffin, and other works.
Hart, Alexander. The Tragical Hist. of Alexto
and Angelica, Lon., 1640, 12mo. In prose and verse.
Hart, Andrew, an early printer of Scotland. A
trewe Descrip. of the Nobill Race of the Stewards, Amst.,
1601, fol.
Electricity; Phil. Trans.,
Hart, Cheney, M.D.
1754, '55.
Hart, Edward H. The Bullwark Stormed; in
Answer to Thomas de Laune's Plea for the Nonconformists,
Lon., 1717, Svo. See DELAUNE, THOMAS.
Hart, or Harte, Henry. 1. A Godly newe short
Treatyse, &c., Lon., 1548, 16mo. 2. A Godlie Exhorta-
tion, 1549, Svo.
Hart, J. Burning Bush not Consumed, Lon., 1616,8vo.
Hart, James, M.D. Profess. treatises, 1623, '25, '33.
2. Theolog. conference between J. H. and John Rainoldes,
Hart, John. 1. On Orthographie, Lon., 1659, Svo.
1584, Svo. See RAINOLDS, JOHN, D.D.
Hart, John. Starch Factories, &c., Lon., 1795, 8vo.
Hart, John S., LL.D., b. January 28, 1810, at Stock-
bridge, Mass., was removed to Pennsylvania when only
two years of age, educated at Princeton College, where he
became Professor of Ancient Languages; in 1842 elected
Principal of the Philadelphia High School, which posi-
tion he resigned in 1858. 1. Essay on Spenser and
the Fairy Queen, New York, 1847, 8vo, pp. 512. New ed.,
Highly commended. 2. Female Prose-
Phila., 1856.
Writers of America, 1851, Svo, pp. 620. New ed., revised
and enlarged, 1855.
1801-13.
Harry, Blind. See HENRY THE MINSTREL.
Harry, George Owen. Genealogy of James, King-N.
of Great Brittayne, &c., with his lineal Descent from Noah,
&c.. Lon., 1604, 4to.
Harrys, Wm. The Market or Fayre of Vserers; a
new Pasquillus or Dialogue against Vsurye, &c., trans.
from the High Almaigne, Lon., 1550, 8vo.
Harryson, James. Exhortacion to the Scottes,
1547. This is in favour of union with England.
Harsha, David A., b. 1827, in South Argyle, New
York. 1. Thoughts on the Love of Christ, as manifested
to a Lost World, 1851.
"It has a very strongly-marked experimental character, and is
fitted to be at once a guide to the ignorant and inquiring, and a
welcome auxiliary to the spirit that is struggling amidst the sor
rows and conflicts of the Christian life."-WM. B. SPRAGUE. D.D.
estimate of the female prose-writers of our country. It at the same
"It has enlarged our knowledge and enhanced our favourable
time indicates the tale, story, or novel, as the form of composition
towards which, with few exceptions, they tend. and in which they
excel alike in the power of easy and fluent narration, and in the
didactic aim, which is seldom obtrusive or awkwardly managed.”
Amer. Rev., Ixxx. 261–262.
*Our numerous female Prose-Writers have found an intelligent
and genial historian and critic in Professor Hart."-Henry T.
Tuckerman's Sketch of Amer. Lit.
3. Class-Book of Poetry, 1844, 12mo. 4. Class-Book of
Prose, 1844, 12mo. These works consist of Extracts pre-
ceded by introductory notices. 5. Exposition of the Con-
stitution of the United States; for the use of Schools, 1845,
12mo, pp. 100. 6. English Grammar, 1845, 12mo, pp. 192.
7. Greek and Roman Mythology, 1853, 12mo, pp. 162.
This is a Latin Reading-Book. Editor of Pennsylvania
Common School Journal for 1844; Sartain's Magazine for
1849, '50, and the first six months of 1851; the Iris, a
very splendid annual for 1850, '51, and '52; White's Uni-
versal History; and many other works, to which his name
has not been given. Professor Hart has contributed many
articles to the Princeton Review, Graham's Magazine, and
other periodicals. His Annual Reports of the Philadelphia
High School for the last fifteen years would fill several
volumes.
Hart, Joseph, minister of the Grey Friars' Church,
1. Trans. of Herodian's Hist. of his Own
Edinburgh.
Times, 1749, 8vo. Privately printed. In the preface to
bis hymns, Hart expresses much regret for this publica-
tion. 2. Hymns, &c., with the Author's Experience, 1759,
12mo. There have been modern eds. of Hart's hymns.
See Dr. Johnson's Diary, April 22, 1764, in Boswell's Life
of Johnson.
Hart, Capt. L. W. Character and Costume of
Affghaunistan, Lon., 1843, imp. fol. With 26 plates on
stone, by Haghe. Pub. at £4 48.
Hart, Levi, D.D., minister of Preston, Conn., d. 1808,
aged 69. Serms., 1774, '86, '89, 1803.
1
794
HAR
HAR
IIart, Levi, and V. R. Osborn. The Works of P.
Virgilius Maro, &c., with ar. Interlinear Translation, &c.,
Balt., 1833, 12mo. New ed., Phila., 1855, 12mo. See
HAMILTON, James.
Hart, Oliver, 1723-1795, a minister of Charleston,
S.C., a native of Pennsylvania, pub. several serms. and
tracts, 1789, &c.
Harr, Richard. The Importance of the Word of
God; the substance of two Serms., Brist., 1767, 8vo.
Hart, Richard. Serm., 1804.
Hart, Richard, Vicar of Catton, in the Diocese of
Norwich. 1. Medulla Conciliorum, &c., 446-1548, Norw.,
1833, 8vo. 2. Materialism Refuted. 3. Eccles. Records
of Eng., Ireland, and Scot., from the 5th Cent. to the
Reform., 2d ed., Camb., 1846, 8vo.
6.
This work is a digest of the contents of Wilkins and Spel-
man's Concilia, arranged under various heads, and illustrated
with notes exhibiting considerable research."-English Review.
Hart, Sir William, Lord Chief-Justice of Scotland.
Examination, &c. of G. Sprot, Lon., 1608, 4to. This tract,
This tract,
relating to the Gowry Conspiracy, is reprinted in vol ix.
of the Harleian Miscellany.
Hart, William, minister of Saybrook, Conn., pub.
several theolog. treatises, 1759-72.
Hart, William. Alexis the Tyrant; a Tale, 1812,
12mo.
Hart, William Neville. The Goodness of God; a
Poem, and Pious Meditations, Lon., 1808, Svo.
Hartcliffe, John. Serins., &c., 1684-95.
Harte, George. Needfulnesse of Peace in Fraunce,
&c., Lon., 1575, 8vo. Trans. from the French.
Harte, Walter, b. about 1700, d. 1774, was educated
at Marlborough School, and at St. Mary's Hall, Oxford, of
which he became Vice-Principal; Canon of Windsor, 1751;
subsequently Vicar of St. Austel and of St. Blazy, Corn-
wall. 1. Poems on Several Occasions, Lon., 1727, '39, Svo.
2. Essay on Satire, particularly on the Dunciad. 1720, 8vo.
3. Essay on Reason, 1735, fol. To this essay Pope was
contributor. 4. The Union of Reason, Morality, and Re-
vealed Religion; a Serm., 1737, Sro. This passed through
five eds. 5. A Fast Serm., 1740. 6. The Hist. of Gustavus
Adolphus, King of Sweden, surnamed the Great, 1759, 2
vols. 4to; 1767, 2 vols. 8vo; 1807, 2 vols. r. Svo. This
work was trans. into German, with a Pref., Notes, and
Corrections, by John Gottlieb Bohme.
Johnson much commended him as a scholar, and a man of the
most companionable talents he had ever known. He said the
defects in his History proceeded not from imbecility, but from
foppery.... It was unlucky in coming out on the same day as
Robertson's History of Scotland.... Mr. Eliot said it was a very
good book in the German translation."-Boswell's Life of Dr.
Johnson.
"These very useful lectures were orginally reached to a con-
gregation of Negroes; they are eminently characterized by sim-
plicity of language, yet without debasing the importance of the
subjects discussed by improper familiarity of expression."-Horne's
Bibl. Bib.
Robertson's Hist. of Scotland was pub. a month before
this, but Hume's House of Tudor came out in the same week.
"George Hawkins, his bookseller, we are told, sometimes objected
to his uncouth words or phrases. while the work was in the press;
but Harte refused to change them, and used to add, with a com-
placent sneer, 'George, that's what we call writing!"
*
The life of this extraordinary man (Gustavus Adolphus] has
been written by Mr. Harte with great activity of research, and a
scrupulous examination of his materials, which are understood to
be the best. though they are not sufficiently particularized. The
book will disappoint the reader; Mr. Harte writes often with sin-
gularly bad taste, and never with any masterly display of his sub-
ject; but it may be compared with Coxe, and must be considered."
-Prof. Smyth's Lects, an Mod. Hist.
7. Essays on Husbandry, 1764, Svo; 1770, Svo.
"His husbandry is good."—DR. JOHNSON: Boswell's Life of
Johnson.
Hartford, Frances, Countess of, afterwards
Duchess of Soinerset. Her Corresp. with Henrietta Louisa,
Countess of Pomfret, 1738-41, Lon., 1805, 3 vols. 12mo.
Hartgill, or Hartgyll, George. 1. Generall Calen-
dars; or, Astron. Tables, Lon., 1594, fol. 2. Astron. Ta-
bles, 4to.
Hartland. Intestate's Personal Estate, 1798.
Hartley, David, M.D., 1705-1757, a native of Arm-
ley, Yorkshire, was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge,
of which he became Fellow. He settled as a physician
first at Newark, afterwards at Bury-St.-Edmund's, subse-
quently at London, and finally at Bath. He pub. some
tracts upon Mrs. Stephens's famous medicine for the stone,
-of which he was a victim,-and some other professional
treatises, but is best known by his Observations on Man,
his Frame, his Duty, and his Expectations, Lon., 1749, 2
vols. Svo. Repub. by his son, 1791, 4to, with Notes and
Additions, from the German of H. A. Pistorius, Rector of
Poseritz, in the Island of Rugen, and a sketch of the Life
and Character of Dr. Hartley. Again, with additious, by
Dr. Joseph Priestley, 1801, 3 vols. 8vo.
"This is the most valuable edition of this excellent work."-
DR. PRIESTLEY.
In 1775, Svo, appeared Hartley's Theory of the Human
Mind, on the Principle of the Association of Ideas; with
Essays relating to the Subjects of it, by Joseph Priestley,
LL.D. Again, 1790, Svo. Hartley's philosophical theory
"Regards the brain, the nerves, and the spinal marrow, as the
direct instruments of sensation. External objects. he conceives.
excite vibrations in these medullary cords, which vibrations, once
communicated. are kept up by a certain elastic fluid called ether.
After a sufficient repetition of these vibrations, the sensations leave
behind them types and images of themselves. Frequent repetition
excites association, and association in its turn imparts to any one
idea the power of exciting all the related ideas.-a power which
belongs likewise to the vibratiundes and their miniature images.
count for all the phenomena of the mental constitution of man.'
Upon this principle and theory of association, he attempts to ac
The hypothesis of vibrations, it is well known, has been
completely overthrown by Haller's demonstration that
there can be no such thing as vibrations in the nervous
system. Priestley endeavours to prove that Hartley was
a materialist like himself; but Hartley "dreaded nothing
so much" as this imputation, though certainly he is to be
read with caution, and cannot be proposed as a sound guide
in theology. As regards his obligations as a philosopher
to Newton, Locke, Gay, and even to Aristotle, and how far
be concurs with Hobbes, can be ascertained by an exami-
nation of the authorities referred to below. As an expo-
"A work strongly commended by Lord Chesterfield on the score
of matter. The style is literally execrable."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp.sitor of the "Law of Association"-we use the term Law
not without scruple-Hartley is certainly entitled to some
credit, and he has been fully paid. We quote some opi-
nions respecting his philosophical speculations as displayed
in the Observations on Man:
Kateg
(6
Something was done in this field of knowledge by Descartes,
very much by Mr. Locke, but most of all by Dr. Hartley, who has
thrown more useful light upon the theory of the mind, than New-
ton did upon the theory of the natural world.”—DR. PRIESTLEY:
Remarks on Reid, Beuttie, and Oswald, 1774.
"Johnson, one day, observing a friend of his packing up two
volumes of Observations on Man, written by this good and great
man, to take into the country, said, Sir, you do right to take Dr.
Hartley with you; Priestley said of him. that he had learned more
from Hartley than from any book he had ever read, except the
Bible.'"-Boswell's Life of Johnson.
"This is the book of a scholar and a gentleman; and is attractive
from the variety and interest of the subjects treated of, its learn-
ing, and good taste."-McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.
"}
"With very few exceptions. distinguished for perspicuity of
style, and far more elegance than that subject is generally sup-
posed to admit.'
"The essays have always been reckoned good: our own opinion
can say nothing of them."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
8. The Amaranth, 1767. The poems in this vol. are
illustrated by extracts from the Fathers. 9. Essay on
Painting.
So much knowledge of the art, and acquaintance with the
works of the most eminent painters, argues a tasté surprising at
his early age."
See Chesterfield's Letters and Miscellanies; Boswell's
Life of Johnson; Bowles's ed. of Pope; Johnson and |
Chalmers's English Poets, 1810, 21 vols.; Chalmers's
Biog. Dict.; Gent. Mag.
Harte, William Marshall, Examining Chaplain to
Dr. Coleridge, Bishop of Barbadoes, and Rector of St.
Lucy. 1. Practical Serms., Lou., 1839, 12mo. 2. Lects.
on the Gospel of St. Matt., 1831-34, 2 vols. 12mo.
I
A
"Hartley has investigated the principle of Association more
deeply, explained it more accurately, and applied it more usefully,
than even his great and venerable predecessor, Mr. Locke.”—DR.
PARR: Serm. on Education, 1774.
"The writer who has built most upon Hobbes, and may be
reckoned, in a certain sense, the commentator, if he who fully
explains and developes a system may deserve that name, was
Hartley."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, q. v.
"That there is great value to be attached to much which Hartley
has drawn from the law of association, and that he has afforded
an explanation of many phenomena, before very imperfectly un-
derstood, cannot be denied. The very ardour, however, with
which he threw himself into his system, and the very closeness
with which he analyzed the facts in the case, necessarily imparted
a one-sidedness to his philosophy, and led to the neglect of some
other facts equally important.”—Morell's Hist, of Mod. Philos.
that of physical man.”—Cousin's Hist. of Mod. Philos., O. W. Wight's
"It is the first attempt to join the study of intellectual man to
Trans.
Cousin is a high authority,-but does ho not forget philo-
sophic caution when he styles Hartley's the "first at-
tempt"? We offer no counter-statement, but we think it
exceedingly hazardous to pretend to designate "the first
attempt" in any branch of human speculation. We have
ventured to hint some doubts respecting the extraordinary
795
HAR
HAR
merit which has been claimed for Hartley's speculations;
and, if we err here, we err with great examples:
“The capital fault of Hartley is that of a rash generalization,
which may prove imperfect, and which is at least premature. All
attempts to explain or instruct by this principle have hitherto
been unavailing. Many of the most important processes of rea-
soning have not hitherto been accounted for by it."-SIR JAMES
MACKINTOSH: 2d Prelim. Dissert. to Encyc. Brit.
"The intentions of both [Bonnet and Hartley) are allowed, by
those who best knew them, to have been eminently pure and
worthy; but it cannot be said of either, that his metaphysical
writings have contributed much to the instruction or to the im-
provement of the public. On the contrary, they have been in-
strumental in spreading a set of speculative tenets very nearly
allied to that sentimental and fantastical modification of Spinoz-
ism which for many years past has prevailed so much and pro-
duced such mischievous effects in some parts of Germany."
DUGALD STEWART: 1st Prelim. Dissert. to Encyc. Brit.
Bishop Watson reprinted in his Collection of Tracts one
on the Truth of the Christian Religion, prefaced by the
remark:
"This tract is printed from the second volume of Dr. Hartley's
Observations on Man: it is written with singular closeness of
thought, and to be well understood must be read with great at-
tention."-BISHOP WATSON.
Consult authorities cited above; and see also Life by his
son, prefixed to his Observations on Man, ed. 1791, 4to;
Reid's Essays on the Intellectual Powers; Blakey's Hist.
of Mod. Philos.; Dr. E. Williams's Christian Preacher, ed.
1843, p. 337; Watson's Hist. of Halifax; Cunningham's
Biog. Hist. of England: Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Hartley, David, M.P., d. at Bath, in 1813, aged 84,
a son of the preceding, was one of the plenipotentiaries
appointed to treat with Dr. Franklin, the American am-
bassador at Paris. Some of his letters will be found in
Franklin's Correspondence. Hartley possessed some scien-
tific knowledge, and was the author of several inven-
tions. He pub. some political tracts, Letters on the
American War, (to which he was opposed,) &c., 1776–94.
Hartley, J. Serms. addressed to Congregations on
the Continent, Lon., 1840, 12mo.
“A volume from the elegant pen of that amiable and devoted
minister of our Lord.”—Lin. Congreg. Mag.
Hartley, James. Two Discourses, Lon., 1775, Svo.
Hartley, John. Catalogus universalis Librorum in
omni Facultate Linguaque insignium et rarissimorum,
Lon., 1701, Svo.
Hartley, John. Presbyterian Ordination, &c.,
1714, '16.
Hartley, Ralph. Philos. Questions, Lon., 1799, Svo.
Hartley, Thomas, 1707–1784, Rector of Winwick,
Northamptonshire, pub. treatises on Enthusiasm, the
Mystic Writers, some serms., &c., and trans. some of the
writings of Swedenborg into English.
Hartlib, Samuel, the son of a Polish merchant,
emigrated to London in the 17th century, and engaged
in a mercantile agency. He was a man of great public
spirit, much practical wisdom, and greatly esteemed by
his contemporaries. Milton addressed to him his Tractate
on Education, about 1646; Sir Wm. Petty inscribed to
him Two Letters on the same subject, 1647, &c.; and
there are other such evidences of the high respect in which
he was held at home and abroad. He was the author of
some theological and educational treatises, and several
works on husbandry were pub. in his name. Those which
we have numbered 1, 2, and 3, in the list which follows,
were written by others.
1. The Discourse of Husbandry used in Brabant and
Flanders, Lon., 1645, '50, 4to. 2. Legacy; an enlarge
ment of the above, 1651, '52, '55, 4to. 3. The Reformed
Husbandman, 1651, 4to. 4. Essay on the Advancement
of Husbandry and Learning, &c., 1651, 4to. 5. The Com-
plete Husbandman, 1659, 410. He pub. two treatises-
1653 and '54-on the Silk-Worm in Virginia. See
Warton's Milton; Censura Literaria; Gent. Mag., 1xxii.
12; Harte's Essays on Agriculture; Donaldson's Agricult.
Biog.
Hartman, George. Medical works, 1682, '96, both
Svo. See DIGBY, SIR KENELM.
Hartop, Martin. Earthquake, &c.; Phil. Trans.,
1693.
Hartshorn, C. W. N. Eng. Sheriff, 1844, 12mo.
Hartshorn, John. Commercial Tables, Bost., 1853,
fol.
Hartshorn, Thomas C. Trans. of J. P. F. De
Leuze's Prac. Instruc. in Animal Magnetism; with Notes
and addits., N. York, 12mo.
Hartshorne, Caroline Ellen. For You Know
Whom; or, Our School at Pineville, Bost., 1855, 18mo.
Hartshorne, Rev. Charles H. 1. Ancient Me-
trical Tales, Lon., p. 8vo. 2. The Book Rarities in the
796
Univ. of Cambridge; illust. by Orig. Letters and Nɩtes,
Biog. Lit. and Antiq., 1829, Svo.
"This interesting bibliographical book contains letters of Far
mer, Steevens, &c., Capell's Shaksperiana complete, a list (the only
one) of the paintings and drawings bequeathed to the University
by Lord Fitzwilliam,”
3. Salopia Antiqua, 1841, 8vo, and large paper.
Sepulchral Remains in Northamptonshire, 1841, 8vo.
Hist. Memorials of Northampton, 1848, 12mo. See Dib-
din's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 672, 673, 690.
4.
5.
name.
Hartshorne, Edward, M.D., b. 1818, in Philadel-
phin, a son of the distinguished physician of the same
M.D.; 3d Amer. from the 4th Eng. ed., with Notes and
1. Medical Jurisprudence, by Alfred S. Taylor,
References to Amer. Decisions, Phila., 1854, r. 8vo. 4th
Amer. from the 5th Eng. ed., 1856, r. Svo. These eds. em.
brace the notes of Dr. R. E. Griffith to the former Amer.
ed., and some new matter.
So well is this work known to the members both of the medi-
cal and legal professions, and so highly is it appreciated by them,
that it cannot be necessary for us to say a word in its commenda-
tion; its having already reached a fourth edition being the best
possible testimony in its favour. The author has obviously sub-
jeeted the entire work to a very careful revision.”—Brit. and For.
Med. Chirurg. Kev.
Jones; 2d Amer. from the 2d Eng. ed., with addits., 1856,
2. Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery, by T. Wharton
12mo. 3. Contributions to the Amer. Jour. of the Medical
Sciences, the Phila. Medical Examiner, and the Phila.
Journal of Prison Discipline and Philanthropy. Four
numbers (pub. in 1848-49) of the last-named periodical
were edited by Dr. H., and several of the articles written
by him. His contributions to the medical journals above
noticed were written at various periods from 1840 to the
present time.
Hartshorne, Henry, M.D., brother of above, b. 1823,
in Phila. 1. Water v. Hydropathy,―Thesis on water in
its true relations to medicine, Phila., 1847. 2. Contribu
tions to Am. Jour. Med. Sci., and to Phila, Med. Exam.
3. Prize Essay on the Arterial Circulation; Transac. of
Am. Med. Association, 1856.
Hartshorne, Joseph, M.D., father of above, b. 1779,
in Alexandria, Va. 1. First Am. ed. of Boyer's Lectures
On Diseases of the Bones; arranged by Richeraud and
translated by Dr. Farrell, London; with an Appendix and
additional plates by S. H., Phila., 1805. 2. Contributions
to the Eclectic Repertory, and the Medical Recorder, both
of Phila.
|
Hartston, Hall.
Youth; a Poem, Lon., 1773, 4to.
See HARSTON, HALL.
Hartstonge, Matthew W. Poet. works, 1813-16.
Hartwell, Abraham. Regina Literata, &c., Lon.,
1565, Svo. He also pub. some translations from history,
travels, &c., 1595–1603, and was the author of some anti-
quarian papers on Mottos and Epitaphs, in Hearne's Col-
lec., 1771, i. 208; ii. 375.
Hartwig, George, M.D. Sea Bathing and Sea Air,
Lon., 1853, fp. Svo.
"We recommend it to the attention of bathers of all descrip-
tions."-Lon. Med. Times.
Harty, Wm., M.D. Dysentery, Lon., 1805, Svo;
2d ed., 1847, Svo.
Harty, Wm. Assumpsit, &c., Dubl., 1842, Svo.
Coll., Camb., and Rector of Drayton, Middlesex.
Harvest, George, d. 1776, Fellow of Magdalen
Serm., Lon., 1746, 4to. 2. Serms. at Lady Moyer's Lect.
1.
&c., 1763, Svo.
"Among the few valuable performances which do honour to
the age and bid fair for the approbation of posterity."-Lon.
Critical Rev.
Harvest, Wm. Trans. of Fauchet's Discourse on the
Liberty of France, Lon., 1789, 8vo.
Harvey, D. W. Public Amusements, 1805.
Harvey, Gabriel, LL.D., 1545?-1630? an excellent
English and Latin poet, equally well known as the friend
of Spenser and as the enemy of Nash, was educated at
Christ's College and at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, and
in 1585 became Doctor of Laws. The following are bis
principal English publications:-1. Three proper and
wittie Familiar Letters: lately passed betweene two Vni-
uersitio Men, Lon., 1580, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 344,
£30. The University men were himself and Edmund
Spenser. 2. Fovre Letters and certaine Sonnets, 1592,
4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet, £25. Reprinted in the Archaica.
This contains many literary notices of his contempora-
ries, and is therefore of great value to the antiquary.
3. Pierces Supererogation; or, a new Prayse of the Old Asse,
1593, 4to. 4. A New Letter of Notablo Contents, 1593,
4to. The two last, bound in one vol., produced, at the
Bindley's sale, £17 178. The same vol. is now (1856)
HAR
HAR
offered by Mr. Joseph Lilly, of London, for £8 18. 5d.,
exactly one-half. Harvey's poem of Hobbinol, prefixed
to Spenser's Faerie Queene, has been highly praised.
Harvey was fond of using the Latin versification in
English poetry, and exerted his influence with his illus-
trious friend to induce him to follow his example:
"I like your English Hexameters so well. that I also enure my
pen sometimes in that kind."-EDMUND SPENSER: in a letter to
Harvey.
¡
the resignation of Dr. Prujean, Harvey was unanimously
nominated as his successor in the Presidency of the Col.
lege of Physicians; but his advanced age and bedily in-
firmities induced him to decline the proffered honour. An
ed. of his works-Opera Omnia, &c.—was pub. in 1737,
Lugd. Bat., 2 vols. 4to; but a better ed., with a Life of the
Author, in Latin, by Dr. Lawrence, was issued by the College
of Physicians in 1766, Lon., 2 vols. 4to. A new ed. of his
works was pub. by the Syd. Soc., 1846-47, pp. 624. The
Latin style of Dr. Harvey has been greatly admired for its
perspicuity, fluency, and elegance. There were many attempts
to deprive this great man of the credit of his discovery; but
by modern writers (if we except Dr. Wm. Hunter, see his
Dr. J. R. Coxe) his claim has been honourably allowed.
Two Introduc. Lects. to his Anat. Lects., 1784, 4to, and
trasted with the results of previous investigations, the
As regards the value of Harvey's discovery as con-
true state of the case is well summed up by an eminent
modern authority, who has felt justified in treating this
question at considerable length:
"It may indeed be thought wonderful that Servetus. Columbus,
or Caesalpin should not have more distinctly apprehended the con-
sequences of what they maintained. since it seems difficult to
conceive the lesser circulation without the greater; but the de-
fectiveness of their views is not to be alleged as a counter-balance
to the more steady sagacity of Ilarvey.”—Hullam's Lit. Hist. of
Europe. q. v.
If the student who desires to pursue this subject fur-
ther inquire as to the best sources of information, we
refer hin to the authorities cited below, and especially to
Harvey's own exposition, for-to quote the language of
Respecting Harvey, his publications and his literary
quarrels, see Athen. Oxon.; Webbe's Discourse of Eng.
Poets; Berkenhout's Biog. Lit.; Beloe's Anec. of Lit.,
&c.; Todd's Life of Spenser; Warton's Hist. of Eng.
Poet.; Drake's Shakspeare and his Times; Disraeli's
Calamities of Authors; Brit. Bibliographer; Censura
Literaria; Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe; Archaica ;
Bibl. Anglo-Poet.; Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet.;
Phillips's Theat. Poet.;
Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
"His [Webbe's] taste is better shown in his praise of Spenser
for the Shepherd's Kalendar. than of Gabriel Harvey for his re-
formation of our English verse; that is, by forcing it into uncouth
Latin measures. which Webbe has himself most unhappily at-
tempted."-Hullam's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
"The literature and moral character of Harvey were highly
respectable; but he was vain, credulous, affected, and pedantic."
-Drake's Shakspeare and his Times.
Harvey, George. Ossian's Fingal rendered into
English Verse, Lon., 1814, 8vo.
Harvey, George. Mathemat. con. to Thom. Ann.
Philos., 1817.
Harvey, Gideon, M.D., d. 1700, Physician of the
Tower of London for above fifty years, pub. a number of
profess. works, 1665-99. He carried on an active war
with the College of Physicians.
“His Medical Treatises have never been in any esteem. Haller
styles him ASPER HOMO; and certainly the general character of
his Writings is asperity."-Wott's Bibl. Brit.. q. v.
Harvey, H., b. 1821, in England. Memoir of the
Rev. Alfred Bennett, N. York, 1852, 12mo.
Harvey, James. Prognostical Signs of Acute Dis-
eases, Lon., 1706, '20, Svo.
Harvey, James. Orders, &c. for Justices of the
Peace, Lon., 1733, 34, '51, 12mo.
Harvey, Jane. Novels, 1802-14.
Harvey, John, a younger brother of Gabriel and
Richard Harvey, pub. some astrolog. treatises, Lon.,
1584-SS.
Harvey, John. 1. Hist. of Robert Bruce, Edin.,
1729, 4to. 2. Poems and Letters, 1726, 12mo.
Harvey, Richard, a brother of Gabriel and John
Harvey, pub. an astrolog. Discourse, Lon., 1583, 8vo, and
some other treatises, 1583-93.
Harvey, Richard, Preb. of St. Paul's, Rural Dean
and Rector of Hornsey, Middlesex. Serm., Mark ii. 27,
28. The Christian entitled to Legal Protection in the
Observance of the Lord's Day. The sermon we never
never
read, but the subject is an excellent one. When Sir John
Barnard was chief-magistrate of London he "made the
runagates continue in scarceness."
Harvey, T. Cyphering-Book, 1814, 4to.
Harvey, Thomas. Trans. of John Owen's Latine
Epigrams, Lon., 1677, 12mo.
Harvey, Rev. Thomas. Appeal to Lord John
Russell, M.P., against the proceedings of the Bp. of Lon-
don, Lon., 1847, Svo.
Dr. Freind-
"As it was entirely owing to him, so he has explained it with
all the clearness imaginable; and, though much has been written
upon that subject since, I may venture to say, his own book is
the shortest, the plainest, and the most convincing of any, as we
defence of the circulation."
may be satisfied, if we look into the many apologies written in
Harvey, W. C. Poems, 1818.
Harvey, William. Serms., 1657–1705.
Harvey, William, M.D., 1578-1657, the discoverer
of the circulation of the blood, a native of Folkestone,
Kent, was educated at Caius College, Cambridge, and
sequently studied anatomy at Padua under the celebrated
Fabricius ab Aquapendente. In 1602 he returned to
England; in 1615 was appointed Prof. of Anatomy and
Surgery to the Royal College of Physicians; and about
1616 to 1619 publicly stated the great discovery which
has conferred upon him such celebrity, but the announce-
ment of which was received with unsparing ridicule and
for more than twenty years provoked unrelenting persecu-
tion. His exposition of his theory was not pub. until
1628 it is entitled Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis
et Sanguinis Circulatione, Francf., 4to. His Exercita-
tiones de Generatione Animalium was pub. in 1651, Lon.,
4to. This valuable work would have been inuch more
complete, had it not been for the loss of the author's
papers, relating principally to the generation of insects.
This loss, which occurred when his house was plundered
during the Civil Wars, he feelingly deplores many years
after the event. Harvey contributed to Phil. Trans. (1669)
an Anatomical Account concerning Thomas Parr, who
died at the age of 152 years and 9 months. In 1654, on
To this testimony we may add that of Mr. Hume:
"Harvey is entitled to the glory of having made. by reasoning
alone, without any mixture of accident, a capital discovery in one
of the most important branches of science. He bad also the hap-
piness of establishing at once this theory on the most solid and
convincing proofs; and posterity has added little to the argu-
ments suggested by his industry and ingenuity."-Hist. of Eng-
land: The Restoration.
See Life by Dr. Lawrence; Freind's Hist. of Med. ;
Aikin's Biog. Mem. of Med.; Lives of Brit. Physicians,
in Murray's Family Library, vol. xiv.; The Gold-Headed
Cane; Physic and Physicians; Aubrey's Letters of Emi-
nent Persons, 1813, 3 vols. Svo: Biog. Brit.; Rees's Cyc.;
Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Hist. of Medicine to 19th cent., by
P. V. Renouard.
"Devoting myself to discern the use and utility of the move
ments of the heart in animals, in a great number of vivisections,
I found at first the subject so full of difficulties that I thought
for a long time, with Fracastor, that the secret was known to God
alone. I could distinguish neither in what manner the systole
and diastole took place, nor at what moment the dilatation and
constriction occurred, owing to the celerity of the movements of
the heart, which in most animals is executed in the twinkling
of an eye, or like the flash of lightning. I floated undecided,
without knowing on what opinion to rest. Finally, from re-
doubled care and attention, by multiplying and varying my
sub-experiments, and by comparing the various results. I believed I
had put my finger on the truth, and commenced unravelling the
labyrinth. I believed I had seized the correct idea of the nove
ment of the heart aud arteries. as well as their true use. From
that time I did not cease to communicate my views either to my
friends, or to the public in my academical course."
Harvey, William. Hours of Loyalty; or, Allego-
rical Poetical Delineations in Rhyme, Lon., 1813, Svo.
Harvey, William Henry, Prof. of Botany to the
Royal Dublin Society, and Keeper of the Herbarium of
the Univ. of Dublin. 1. Manual of the British Algæ,
Lon., 1841, Svo; 1850, Svo. 2. Phycologia Britannica;
or, a Hist. of Brit. Sea-Weeds, 1846-51, 3 vols. r. Svo,
arranged in the order of publication, £7 128. 6d.; or, in
4 vols. r. Svo, arranged systematically according to the
Synopsis, £7 178. 6d. A few copies on large paper. An
entire plate is devoted to each species, the number of
plates amounting to 360.
"The History of British Sea-weeds we can most faithfully re-
professed botanist will find it a work of the highest character,
commend for its scientific, its pictorial, and its popular value; the
whilst those who desire merely to know the names and history
of the lovely plants which they gather or the sea-shore will fing
797
Here we had intended to close: but we feel unwilling to
omit Harvey's own account of the difficulties which en-
compassed his path when engaged in those laborious
investigations which were crowned at last with such
ample recompense. On a subject of such importance to
the general interests of humanity, the doctors, we trust,
will not be unwilling to forgive a little enthusiasm, even
in a laic:
HAR
IAS
Harvie, John. Midwifery, Lon., 1767, 8vo.
Harward, Simon, of New College, Oxford, a
preacher, schoolmaster, and physician, was the author of
several theolog. and other treatises, pub. 1581-1623. See
Athen. Oxon.
In it the faithful portraiture of every one of them."-Annals and
Magazine of Natural History.
3. The Sea-Side Book, 3d ed., 1854, fp. Svo. 4. Nereis
Australis; or, Illust. of the Algae of the Southern Ocean,
1848, &c., 4 Pts. imp. Svo.
Harwood, Richard. Serms., 1644, '45.
"Of this most important contribution to our knowledge of
exotic Algæ, we know not if we can pay it a higher compliment than
by saying it is worthy of the author."-Lon. Journal of Botany.
5. Nereis Boreali-Americana, r. 4to; Pt. 1, 1852; Pt.
2, 1853.
|
Harwood, Thomas. 1. The Death of Dion; a
Trag., Oxf., 1787, Svo. 2. Annot. on Genesis, Lon., 1789,
8vo. A compilation from various authors,
"Which, if not a brilliant, may in some degree be considered as
a useful, performance.”—Lon. Month. Rev., Ñ. S., iv. 106.
3. Alumni Etonenses, 1443-1797, 4to, 1797.
"Harwood's book is not reckoned of much authority beyond
the mere records which he copied.”—Hullam's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
4. Hist. of Christ, 1798, 12mo. 5. Grecian Antiquities.
1801, Svo. 6. Geography, 1804, 12mo.
Harwood, Rev. Thomas. 1. Ilist. and Antiq. of
Lichfield, Gloucester, 1806, 4to. 2. Survey of Stafford-
shire, Svo.
Harwood, Uriel. 1. Discourses from English Di-
vines, 1813, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Additional do., Svo.
Harwood, Wm., M.D. Curative Influence of the
Southern Coast of England, Lon., sm. Svo.
66
An instructive and very useful work.”—Lon. New Times.
Hascard, Gregory, D.D., d. 170S, Rector of St.
Michael's, Queen-Hithe, London, 1669; Rector of St.
Clement Danes, 1678; Dean of Windsor, 1700. Serms.
and a Discourse, Lon., 1668-96. See Gibson's Preserv..
ii. 82.
Harwood. Passing Bell, 1655, Svo.
Harwood, Sir Busic, Kt., Prof. of Anat. in Univ.
of Camb., b. at Newmarket, d. 1814. 1. Lects. on Ana-
tomy and Physiol., Lon., 1797, Svo. 2. Comparative
Anat. and Physiol.; Fasciculus 1, 1796, 4to.
Harwood, Caroline. The Castle of Vivaldi; or,
the Mysterious Injunction; a Novel, 1810, 4 vols.
Harwood, Charlotte. Lucubrations by a Lady,
1786, 12mo.
Harwood, Edward, D.D., 1729-1791, a learned
Unitarian minister and schoolmaster, pastor of a con-
gregation in Bristol from 1765 to '70, settled in London
in or about the latter year, and subsisted by literary em-
ployment and classical tuition. He pub. a number of
theological treatises, and the following works, by which
he is best known. 1. A New Introduc. to the Study and
Knowledge of the N. Test., Lon., vol. i. 1767; ii. 1771,
both Svo. A third vol. was promised, but never completed.
"Certainly to be recommended to the theological student."-
Bp. Marsh's Lects. on Divinity.
·
This work may be read with advantage, making allowance for
the author's theological sentiments."-Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
"In this Introduction many of the topics usually treated of in
such books are discussed with considerable ability."—Orme's Bibl.
Bib.
The value of Dr. II.'s Introduction would not have been di-
minished, if he had acknowledged his obligations to the preceding
work of Pritius, to which he has been very considerably indebted.”
-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
2. A Liberal Trans. of the New Test., 1767, 2 vols. Svo.
The preceding work was designed to introduce this new and
liberal version. . As a translation, it is verbose, affected. and
in fact, more the New Testament of Dr. Harwood than of the
apostles."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
3. The New Test., collated with the most approved
MSS., with select notes in English, critical and explana-
tory, 1776, 2 vols. 12mo.
<.
·
This edition is certainly entitled to a place among the critical
editions of the New Testament, though it is not accompanied with
various readings: for, though Dr. Harwood has adopted the
common text as the basis of his own, he has made critical cor-
rections wherever the received reading appeared to him to be
erroneous. The manuscripts which he has generally followed
when he departs from the common text are the Cantabrigiensis,
in the Gospel and Acts, and the Claromontanus in the Epistles of
St. Paul."-Bishop Marsh's Michaelis.
The appendix to vol. ii. contains a useful list of editions of the
New Testament, and of critics and commentators on it.”—Orme's
Bibl. Bib.
"In the list of commentators and critics, those are most com-
mended by Dr. Harwood who favour the Socinian scheme. to which
he was strongly attached; and he therefore admitted or rejected
a variety of readings, according as they favour or oppose the So-
cinian doctrine.”—Horne's Bibl. Bib.
4. A View of the various editions of the Greek and
Roman Classics; with Remarks, Lon., 1775, 8vo; 2d ed.,
1778: 3d ed., 1782, 12mo; 4th and best ed., 1790, 12mo.
"This is a valuable little book, no doubt far from being perfect,
but that can scarcely be expected in a work of the kind. It has
been translated into several foreign languages."— Watt's Bibl. Brit.
The student must procure the later manuals of Dibdin
and of Moss.
5. Biographia Classica: The Lives and Characters of
the Greek and Roman Classics. New ed., 1778, 2 vols.
12mo. See Rees's Cyc.; Gent. Mag., vols. lxii., lxiii., lxiv.;
Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Harwood, Edward. Populorum et Urbium selecta
Numismata Græca, ex Ære descripta et Figuris illus-
trata, Lon., 1812, 4to.
Harwood, G. H. Hist. of Wesleyan Methodism.
New ed., Lon., 1854, 18mo.
Harwood, James. Serms. and Discourses, Lon.,
1661-62.
Harwood, John. The Cause why I deny the Au-
thority of George Fox, Lon., 1663, 4to.
Harwood, John. Roman Sudatory; Phil. Trans.,
1706.
Advice to Members of Parl.,
Harwood, John Edmund, an actor, who came to
Philadelphia with Wignell's company in 1793, pub. a vol.
of poems in N. York in 1809. See Dunlap's Ilist. of the
Amer. Stage.
Harwood, John.
1812, Svo.
Haselden, Thomas. Method of Keeping a Journal
at Sea; revised and corrected, with addits., by A. Smith,
Glasg., 1788, 4to.
Haseldon, W. S. Sails for Windmills, 1807, Svo.
Haskel, R. M. Memoir of Frances E. H. McLellan,
with a selection from her Letters, N. York, 1856.
Haskey, Henricus. Disputatio inaug. de Ferro,
ejusque in Morbis curandis, usu, Edin., 1777, 8vo.
Haskins, Mrs. Elizabeth, of Rhode Island, col-
lected the Literary Remains of her brother, John Brown
Ladd, which were pub., with a sketch of the author's
life, by W. B. Chittenden in 1832, N. York, 12mo.
Haskins, John. The Battle of Waterloo; a Poem,
Lon., 1816, Svo.
Haslam, John, M.D., Apothecary to Bethlehem
Hospital. 1. Observ. on Insanity, Lon., 1798, Svo; 2d
ed., enlarged and corrected, 1809, Svo.
Read Haslam on Insanity. This dreadful visitation he as-
cribes not to a false perception or morbid intensity, but to a
wrong association. of ideas. There surely, however, must be
more in it than this.
more in it than this. I once asked a professional gentleman,
who had particular opportunities of experience on the subject,
whether he always found the brain of maniacs in a preternatural
or disordered state. He said that he frequently, perhaps gene
rally, did; but that in many cases where the faculties were most
completely deranged. that organ had every appearance of being in
a perfectly sound and healthy condition."-Green's Diary of a
Lover of Lil., June 5, 1798.
2. Illustrations of Madness, 1810, 8vo. 3. Moral Ma-
nagement of Insane Persons, 1817. 4. Contributions on
Sound Mind, Svo. See BURROWS, G. MANN, M.D. 5.
Medical Jurisprudence as it relates to Insanity, according
to the Law of England, 1818. See FORSYTH, J. S., and
authors there referred to. 6. Letter to the Governors of
Bethlehem Hospital, containing an acct. of their Manage-
ment of that Institution for the last twenty years, 1818,8vo.
Haslam, Wm, Perpetual Curate of St. Michael's,
Baldiu. 1. Perran-Zabuloe; or, The Lost Church. New
2. The Cross and the Serpent,
ed., Lon., 1844, fp. Svo.
Oxf., 1849. 12mo.
Haslehurst, George. Penmaen Mawr, and Day-
break: Poems, Lon., 1849, p. Svo.
Haslem, Wm. Saunders, M.D. Inquiry into the
causes of the extraordinary addition to the number of
the Insane, 1811, Svo.
Haslerigg, Sir Arthur. 1. Speech in Parl., Lon.,
1642, 4to. 2. Letter to a Member of the late Parl., 1659,4to.
Hasleton, Richard. Strange and wonderful things
happened to Rd. Hasleton, borne at Braintree, in Essex, in
his ten yeares Trauailes in many forraine countries. Penned
as he delivered it from his owne mouth, Lon., 1595, 4to.
Haslewood, Francis. Serms., Lon., 1720-21.
Haslewood, John, D.D. Serms., 1701-07, all 4to.
Haslewood, Joseph, 1769-1833, a native of aud
solicitor in London, was well known for many years to all
thorough-paced bibliomaniacs, as an intelligent and zeal-
ous editor of reprints of the works of old English poets.
Notices of these edits., and of periodicals to which Mr. H
was a contributor, will be found scattered through our
pages: see BERNERS, JULIANA; BALDWIN, WILLIAM;
BRATHWAIT, RICHARD; BRYDGES, SIR SAMUEL EGERTON;
and other names in this Dictionary. A list of work,
798
HAS
HAT
(twenty-five in number) with which Mr. Haslewood was
connected, either as sole or joint author, and as contri-
butor, will be found in a biographical notice of this gen-N.
tleman in Gent. Mag., Nov. 1833, 467-468. See also
Dibdin's Bibliomania, his Bibliographical Decameron,
his Library Companion, and his Literary Reminiscences.
Dr. Dibdin protests earnestly against the portrait of
Haslewood, drawn in the London Athenæum. (1834, pp.
1, 28, 45, and 60,) in the four amusing papers entitled
The Roxburghe Revels, MS.
Haslewood, Wm. Legal publications, Lon.,1814-29.
Hasloch, John. Serm., Lon., 1819, 8vo.
Hassall, Arthur Hill, M.D. 1. Hist. of British
Fresh-Water Algæ, Lon., 1845, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1852,
2 vols. Svo. 2. Microscopic Anat. of the Human Body,
1849, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1852, 2 vols. 8vo.
“We have rarely met with a work in which the debatable and
scattered points of a new science have been more sensibly argued,
or more judiciously combined iuto something nearly approaching
to the perfection of a complete system."-Lon. Med. Gazette.
"The plates are beautifully executed and coloured, and convey
a perfect idea of the objects which they are intended to illustrate.”
-Lon. Lancet.
3. Microscopical Exam. of Water supplied to London,
1850, 8vo. 4. Food and its Adulterations, 1855, 8vo. See:
Longman's Notes on Books, May, 1855, 9-10.
"We do not doubt or deny the good services which Dr. Hassall
has rendered to the public; but we tremble either to eat or drink
after his book has come into our hands. We look askance at the
innocent grocer, the virtuous and respectable milkman. The
wretches!-have they not been poisoning us secretly in their back-
parlours?-mixing one knows not what abominations in our milk
and in our tea? Yet the tea and the milk, where can we get
substitutes for them, we, who can neither freight Chinamen nor
keep a dairy?”—Blackwood's Mog., Aug. 1855.
Hassall, Charles. General View of the Agricult.
of the Co. of Carmarthen, Lon., 1794, 4to. 2. General
View of the Agricult. of the Co. of Pembroke, 1794, 4to.
“Present nothing of particular notice."-Donaldson's Agricult.
Biog.
Hassel, Richard. Lath in a man's eye; Phil.
Trans., 1748.
Hasselgrew, Nicholas. Swedish Pan. See Ben-
jamin Stillingfleet's Tracts on Nat. Hist., &c., p. 339, 1762.
Hassell, J. 1. Tour of the Isle of Wight, Lon., 1790,
2 vols. 8vo. 2. Guide to Bath, 1793, Sro. 3. Beauties of
Antiquity, 1806. 4. Life of Geo. Morland, 1806, r. 4to.
He also pub. some works on drawing, 1809, '11.
Hasset-Blener, Thomas. See BLENER-HASSET.
Hasolle, James, i. e. Ashmole, Elias, q. r.
Hasted, Edward, a native of Hawley, Kent, 1732-
1812, was the author of the following valuable work:
The Hist. and Topog. Survey of the County of Kent, Can-
terb., 1788-99, 4 vols. fol.
“Ex his omnibus, longe sunt humanissimi qui Cantium incolunt,
Fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,
Nec imbellem feroces progenerant.
Second ed., improved, corrected, and continued to the
present time, 1797-1801, 12 vols. Sro. This work is now
scarce and high in price. It is the result of labour ex-
tending over a period of forty years.
"The whole exhibits more research than taste. either in arrang-
ing the information, or in style; and it is very defective in notices
of manners, arts, or biographical and literary history. Its highest
praise is that of a faithful record of the property of the country,
and of its genealogical history.”
See Gough's Topog. ; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Gent. Mag.,
(written by Halsted himself,) vol. lxxxii.
Hasted contributed a paper Concerning Chestnut-Trees
to Phil. Trans., 1771.
Hastings, Lady Flora, 1806-1839, Lady of the
Bedchamber to the Duchess of Kent, was the eldest daugh-
ter of Francis, Marquis of Hastings. The melancholy
circumstances connected with her untimely death have
caused her name to be widely known and held in kindly
remembrance both in Europe and America. She was an
accomplished scholar, and the author of some poetical
compositions of considerable merit. A vol. of her Poems,
collected by herself, was pub. by her sister after her
decease; new ed., Lon., 1841, fp. Svo.
"In Lady Flora's dramatic fragments especially, there is a true
power, which, had it continued to be cultivated, might have pro-
duced great things; and many of her original lyrics, as The
Rainbow, The Cross of Constantine, The Street of the Tombs,
as well as her translations from the German and Italian, are
replete with spirit and grace."-Moir's Poel. Lit. of the Past Hulf
Century. See also Eclec. Rev., 4th S., ix. 572.
Hastings, Francis, Earl of Huntingdon, trans., at
the request of his uncle-in-law, Cardinal Pole, Osorius de
Nobilitate, and Osorius de Gloria. See Park's Walpole's
R. and N. Authors.
Hastings, Sir Francis, son of the preceding. 1. A
Watchword to all religious and true-hearted Englishmen,
"If experience proves the correctness of these statements. Dr.
Hastings will be considered a benefactor to the human race."--
Dr. Johusom's Review.
|
2. D.seases of the Larynx and Trachea, 1850, 8vo. 3.
Special Treat. of Pulmon. Consumption and Hooping-
Cough, 1854, p. Svo.
Lon., 1598, 8vo. 2. Apologie for the preceding, 1600. 4to.
Other works. See Athen. Oxon.; Park's Walpole's R. and
Authors.
Hastings, Francis Rawdon. See MOIRA, EARL.
Hastings, Henry James, Rector of Areley, King's.
1. Parochial Serms., Lon., 1845-46, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. The
Whole Armour of God: in four Serms.. 1848, fp. 8vo.
Hastings, John, M.D., Senior Physician to the
Blenheim Street Free Dispensary. 1. Pulmonary Con-
sumption healed with Naphtha, 2d ed., Lon., 1845, 8vo.
1
Hastings, T. Vestiges of Antiquity; or, a Series
of Etchings. &c. of Antiq. in Canterbury, 1813, imp. fo .
Hastings, Thomas. Poen, 1778, 4to.
several collections of music for churches, schools, &c.,
Hastings, Thomas, an American author, has pub.
some of them in conjunction with Wm. B. Bradbury, and
other works relating to Musical Taste, &c.
Hastings, Warren, 1733-1818, Governor of Bengal,
a wicked and unscrupulous tyrant, bas been already suffi-
ciently noticed in these columns in our lives of EDMUND
BURKE, and GEORGE ROBERT GLEIG. He was the son of a
clergyman; was educated at Westminster School; entered
became
the East India Company as a writer in 1750;
Governor-General of Bengal in 1774; was arraigned for
high crimes and misdemeanours (committed in his official
capacity) in 1786; and, nine years after the commence-
in 1795. Those who desire to know more of his history
ment of proceedings, was acquitted in the House of Lords,
must peruse his life by the Rev. G. R. Gleig; a review of
255; the works of Edmund Burke; the account of the
this work by T. B. Macaulay in Edin. Rev., Ixxiv. 160-
Trial pub. by Hastings himself, (Debates of the House of
Lords, &c., 1797, 4to;) the periodicals, &c. of the day.
Hastings was the author of several publications relating
to the East India Company, fugitive poetry, essays, &c.
See Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Blackwood's Mag., xii. 134; xvii.
7, 343; xx. 201, 208, 326, 329, 486; xxxiv. 319, et seq. ;
Xxxvii. 857; xl. 71; xlix. 423, 638; Dubl. Univ. Mag.,
xviii. 619, 693.
Haswell, Charles H. 1. The Engineer's and Me-
chanic's Pocket Book, N. York. 1850. 2. Mechanics'
Tables, 1856, 12mo. 3. Mensuration, N. York, 1858, 12mo.
Haswell, Susannah. Victoria, Lon., 1786, 2 vols.
12mo. Exhibits examples of filial piety.
Hasworth, H. H. The Lady of the Cave; a Novel,
1802, 3 vols.
Hatch, John.
A word of Peace from the Prince of
Peace to the sons of peace, Lon., 1646, sm. Svo. With
a Preface by Saltmarsh.
Hatchard, T. Goodwin, Rector of Havant. 1. The
German Tree; a Moral, Lon.. 1851, 18mo.
2. Food for my
Flock Serms. preached in Havant Church, 1854.
Hatchell, John. Taafe v. Downes. Dubl., 1815.fp.Svo.
Hatchell, John P. Trial of E. Sheridan, 1812, Svo.
Hatcher, Thomas, Fellow of Eton College, 1555,
compiled Memoirs of the eminent persons educated in
that institution to the year 1572, and pub. the Epistles
and Orations of Walter Haddon, in a book entitled Lucu-
brations. Hatcher was physician to Queen Mary.
Hatchett, Charles, pub. many chemical papers in
Phil. Trans. and Nie. Jour., 1796-1817.
Hatfield, Miss. Novels, &c., 1801-16.
Hatfield, J. F. Patriotism, Lon., 1801, Svo.
Hathaway, W. S. Speeches of the Rt. Hon. Wir.
Pitt, in H. of C., 1806, 4 vols. 8vo; 1817, 3 vols. 8vo.
Hatley, Griffith, M.D. Petrifaction; Phil. Trans.,
1683.
Hatherell, J. W., D.D. 1. Serm. on the Church
Catechism, Lon.. 1835. Svo. 2. Nine Serms. at Malta,
1843, 12mo. 3. Lent Lects. on the Repentance of David,
1847. 12mo. To Dr. Hatherell we are indebted for the
Life and Preface prefixed to the reprint of Archbishop
Laud's Sermons, 1829, Sro.
Hatsell, John, 1742-1820. Chief Clerk of the Houso
of Commons until 1797. 1. Rules, &c. of the H. of C.,
1774, '84, '89, 1809, 4to. 2. Cases of Privileges of Parlia-
ment to 1628, 4to, 1776. 3. Precedents of Proceedings in
the H. of C., with Observ., 1781, 4to; 2d ed., 1785, 3 vols.
4to; 3d ed., 1794–96, 4 vols. 4to; 4th and best ed., 1818,
4 vols. 4to. This work is accepted as authority, save
where changes have been introduced of late years. Sce
May's Treat. upon Parliaments; Brooke's Bibl. Leg.
799
HAT
HAV
"Established forms of procedure respected by all from their
Impartiality are among the strongest securities for a free Con-
stitution, and are barriers against over-basty legislation, or the
unhesitating tyranny of the majority."-SIR JAMES MACK INTOSH.
Hatt, Andrew. Serm., Lon., 1805, 4to.
Hatt, Richard. Poetical Works, &c., 1810-18.
Hatt, Richard. Insolvent Debtors' Ct., Lon., 1821,
12mo.
Hattecliffe, Vinc. God or Nothing, Lon., 1659, 8vo.
Hatton, Sir Christopher, d. 1591, Lord-Chancellor
of England, 1587, educated at St. Mary Hall, Oxford, has
had ascribed to him A Treatise concerning Statutes or
Acts of Parliament, and the Exposition thereof, Lon.,
1677, 8vo, which it is asserted he did not write,-the
fourth Act of the Tragedy of Tanered and Gismund
which Warton thinks he did write,-and some legal tracts,
which he may or may not have written. See Athen.
Oxon.; Lodge's Illustrations; Park's Walpole's R. and N.
Authors; Lloyd's State Worthies; Peck's Desiderata;
Fuller's Worthies; Hume's, and other histories of Eng.;
Lord Campbell's Lives of the Lord-Chancellors; Memoirs
of the Life and Times of Sir Christopher Hatton, by Sir
N. H. Nicolas, 1847, Svo.
"But what was the astonishment of courtiers, of lawyers, and
of citizens, when on Saturday, the 29th of April, it was announced
that Her Majesty had chosen for the Keeper of her conscience,
to preside in the Chancery and the Star-Chamber, and the House
of Lords, and to superintend the administrations of Justice
throughout the realm,-a gay young cavalier never called to the
bar, and chiefly famed for his handsome person, his taste in dress,
and his skill in dancing,-Sir Christopher Hatton!"—LORD CAMP-
BELL: Lives of the Lord-Chancellors.
The new Lord-Chancellor seems to have borne himself
in his high office better than could have been generally
anticipated: but Fuller thinks the queen not to have
greatly erred in her judgment or fancy:
"His parts were far above his learning, which mutually so as-
sisted each other, that no manifest want did appear; and the
queen at last preferred him Lord Chancellor of England."-Wor-
hies of Northamptonshire.
Another authority also assures us that
"He was a person that besides the graces of his person and
dancing, had also the adjectiments of a strong and subtle capa-
city, one that could soon learn the discipline and garb both of
the times and the Court."-NAUNTON.
Lloyd cannot say enough in his praise:
"His features set off his body, his gait his features, his carriage
his gait, his parts his carriage, his prudence his parts, and his
close patience his prudence.”—State Favourites.
Oakland, in his character of Elizabeth's ministers, is
not behind Lloyd in his eulogies:
"Splendidus Hatton,
Ille Satelitii regalis ductor, ovanti
Pectore, Mæcenas studiosis, maximus altor
Et fautor veræ virtutis, munificusque."
And a greater than all yet cited withheld not a noble
tribute to the fortunate saltator who danced himself into
the woolsack:
"TO THE R. II. SIR C. HATTON, Lord High-Chancellor of England.
"Those prudent heads, that with their counsels wise,
Whilom the pillars of th' earth did sustain;
And taught ambitious Rome to tyrannise,
And in the neck of all the world to reign,
Oft from those grave affairs were wont t' abstain,
With the sweet lady-muses for to play.
So Ennius, the elder Africain;
So Maro oft did Cæsar's cares allay;
So. you, great Lord! that with your counsel sway
The burden of this kingdom mightily;
With like delights sometimes may eke delay,
The rugged brow of careful policy;
And to these idle rhymes lend little space,
Which, for their title's sake, may find more grace."
EDMUND SPENSER: presented to Sir Christopher Hatton with a copy
of The Fuery Queen.
Hatton, Sir Christopher. The Psalter of David;
with titles and Collects, Oxon., 1644, '46, Svo.
Hatton, Edward. Works on Arithmetic, 1699-1728.
Hatton, Thomas. 1. Gold Coin, Lon., 1775, 8vo.
2. Watch and Clock Work, 1774, Svo.
Hauffman. Colours for dyeing; Nic. Jour., 1805.
Haughton, Edward. Anti-Christ, Lon., 1652, 8vo.
Haughton, Sir Graves Champney, Knt., d. 1849,
aged 62, Prof. at the East India College, Haileybury, 1817-
27; knighted, 1833; Member of the Institute of France,
and Member of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta, 1838. 1.
1.
Rudiments of Bengali Grammar, Lon., 1821, 4to. 2. In-
stitutes of Menu, in the original Sanscrit. 3. Bengali,
Sanscrit, and English Dictionary. 4. Inquiry into the
Nature of Language, 1832, 4to. Privately printed. 5.
Prodromus; or, An Inquiry into the First Principles of
Reasoning, 1839, 8vo.
"All men are as the vulgar in what they do not understand."
-BURKE.
"It is a work which, if men will take the trouble to think,
must make a powerful sensation. We trust that the attention
of every philosophical inquirer, at home and abroad, will be di-
rected to its earnest and mature examination."-Lon. Literary
Gazelte.
See a biographical notice in the Lon. Gent. Mag., Oct.
1849, 420.
Haughton, Mary Arnald. Emilia of Lindenau,
or the Field of Leipsic; a Poem, Lon., 1815, 12mo.
Haughton, Rev. Samuel, Fellow and Tutor of
Trin. Coll., and Prof. of Geology in the Univ. of Dublin.
See GALBRAITH, REV. JOSEPH A.; Longman's Notes on
Books, Nov. 1855, 46.
Haughton, Wm., was the author of a number of
dramatic pieces, of which the comedy of Englishmen for
my Money, Lon., 1616, 4to, is one of the best known.
The comedy of Patient Grissill, in which he was assisted
by Chettle and Decker, sold for £9 at the Roxburghe sale.
See Biog. Dramat., where twenty-two plays are ascribed
to this author.
Haukin, Wm. Tres Ecloga Virgiliana Inflexæ,
Lon., 1631, 4to.
Haukinius, anglicé Hawkins.
Hauksbee, Francis, Curator of Experiments to
the Royal Society, distinguished for his experiments in
electricity, wrote several works on electricity, &c., pub.
1709-31, and was the author of many papers in Phil.
Trans., 1704-13, on subjects of nat. philos. See Watt's
Bibl. Brit.
Haupt, Herman, b. 1817, at Philadelphia, grad. at
West Point, 1835. 1. Hints on Bridge-Building, 1840.
2. General Theory of Bridge Construction, N. York, 2d
ed., 1853, Svo. This is a valuable work, "containing de-
monstrations of the principles of the art, and their appli
cation to practice."
Hausted, Peter, D.D., was Vicar of Gretton, 1639,
and had several other preferments. 1. The Rival Friends;
a Com., Lon., 1632, 4to. 2. Senile Odium; Com., Cantab.,
1633, 12mo. 3. Ten Serms., Lon., 1636, 4to. 4. Ad Popu-
lum: a Lecture to the
lum a Lecture to the People, Oxon., 1644, 4to. 5. The
Amorous War; a Tragi-Com., Lon., 1648, 4to. 6. Hymnus
Tabaco; a Poem in honour of Tabaco, by Raphael Thorius;
made English by P. H., 1651, sm. Svo. The Hymn in
praise of Tobacco, both Latin and English, will be found
in Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., ii. 379. It is a theme in
which, doubtless, many of our readers feel a lively interest.
“Our Author seems to be much of the Humour of Ben Johnson,
(whose greatest weakness was that he could not bear censure.")-
Langbaine's Dram. l'oets., g. v., and see also Bliss's Wood's Athen.
Oxon.; Biog. Dramat.
Dubl.,
Hautenville, H. B. Customs and Excise,
1804, fol.
Havard, Neast. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1778.
Havard, Wm., an actor, d. 1778, aged 68. 1. Scan-
derbeg; T., 1733, 8vo. 2. K. Charles the First; H. T., 1737,
8vo. 3. Regulus; T., 1744, Svo. 4. The Elopement; F.,
1768, N. P. See Biog. Dramat.
Haveloch, Capt. Henry. Narrative of the War in
Affghanistan in 1838–39; 2d ed., Lon., 1840, 2 vols. cr. Svo.
See Blackwood's Mag., xlix. 298.
Haven, Mrs. Alice B., formerly Miss Bradley,
a native of Hudson, New York, was married in 1846 to
the late Joseph C. Neal, the popular author of the Char-
coal Sketches. After his decease she superintended the
Gazette which had long borne her husband's name, and
contributed to it and to other periodicals many prose and
poetical articles. Having been from a very early age a
contributor to the literary journals of the day, she now
found the advantage of the possession of a practised pen.
In 1853 Mrs. Neal was married to Mr. Joshua L. Haven.
In 1850 she gave to the world The Gossips of Rivertown,
with Sketches in Prose and Verse,-a graphic description
of every-day life in the country. But it is as a writer for
the young that Mrs. Haven has acquired honours of the
most substantial, truly valuable, and enduring character.
The excellent "COUSIN ALICE" is a favoured guest in
many a household circle, the "Parents' Assistant" and
"The Children's Friend."
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
The volumes entitled Helen Morton's Trial, No Such
Word as Fail, Contentment Better than Wealth, Patient
Waiting No Loss, All's Not Gold that Glitters, Pictures
from the Bible, Watch and Pray, A Place for Everything
and Everything in its Place, Nothing Venture Nothing
Have, Out of Debt out of Danger, The Coopers, have doubt-
less improved the heart whilst gratifying the imagination,
and instructed the conscience as well as pleased the taste.
Haven, Erastus O., D.D., b. 1820, in Boston, grad.
Wesleyan University, 1842. The Young Man Advised,
N. York, 1855, 12mo.
800
HAV
HAW
Haven, Jason, 1733-1803, grad. at Harvard College,
1754, minister of Dedham, Mass., pub. serms., &c., 1758-96.
Haven, Joseph, Prof. of Intellectual and Moral Phi-
1osophy, Amherst Coll. Mental Philosophy; including the
Intellect, the Sensibilities, and the Will, Bost., 1858, r. 12mo.
Commended.
Haven, Nathan Appleton, 1790-1826, a member
of the Bar, grad. at Harvard College in 1807, settled at
Portsmouth, N. Hampshire, and was editor of the Ports-
mouth Journal from 1821 to 1825. A vol., containing his
Remains, with a Memoir by George Ticknor, was pub. in
1827, Svo, pp. 351. See N. Amer. Rev., xxvii. 154, (by W.
B. O. Peabody;) and Chris. Exam., v. 70, (by II. Ware, Jr.)
H.
Haven, Samuel, D.D., 1727-1806, minister of Ports-
mouth, N. Hampshire, grandfather of the preceding, grad.
at Harvard College, 1749. pub, several serms., 1760–1800.
Haverfield, Thomas T., Rector of Goddington,
Oxon. 1. Serm., Lon., 181, Svo. 2. Serins., 1835-38.
Havers, Clopton, M.D., an eminent English ana-
tomist. Osteologia Nova, Lon., 1691, 1729, Svo; Ulm,
1692, Svo; Neust., 1731, 8vo. He edited Anatomy of
Bodies of Man and Woman, from M. Spacher and J.
Remmelin, Lon., 1702, fol., and contrib. med. papers to
Phil. Trans., 1694, '99.
Havers, George, trans. from the French, Discourses
on Philosophy, Lon., 1664, and P. De Valle's Travels,
with Sir T. Roe's Voyages into the E. Indies, 1665, fol.
Haversham, M. Thomson, Lord. 1. Speech in
H. of Peers, 1706-07, 4to. 2. Scotch Invasion, 1709, 4to.
Haviland, D., Rector of Northpederwin, Cornwall.
First Peopling of the Island of Britain; Archæol., 1770.
Haviland, J., Prof. of Anatomy, Cambridge. Fever
at Cambridge, 1815; Med. Trans., 1815.
Haviland, John, 1792-1852, Architect of the Eastern
Penitentiary at Philadelphia. Builder's Assistant, Balt.,
3 vols. Svo.
Haward, Capt. Lazarus. 1. Crown Revenue, &c.,
Lon., 1647, '60, 4to. 2. Occurrences from Ireland, 1642,4to.
Haward, Nicholas. 1. Romaine Wele Publique,
&c., Englished from Eutropius. 2. Line of Liberalitie,
1569, 16mo.
Hawarden, Dr. 1. True Church of Christ, Lon.,
1714, 3 Pts. in 2 vols. Svo. Highly esteemed by the R.
Catholics. It is intended as an answer to Charles Leslie's
Case Stated. 2. Wit against Reason, Brussels, 1735, Svo.
An eminent R. Catholic layman remarks that there is in
Hawarden's polemic writings
+
· An union, seldom found, of brevity, accuracy, clearness, order,
and close reasoning."-CHARLES BUTLER.
Haweis, John O. W. 1. Sketches of the Reforma-
tion and Elizabethan Age, Lon., 1844, 12mo. Originally
pub. in the British Magazine. 2. Serms., 1848, 12mo.
Haweis, Thomas, 1734-1820, Rector of Aldwinckle,
and chaplain to the Countess of Huntingdon. His prin-
cipal works are: 1. The Evangelical Expositor; or, a Com-
ment on the Holy Bible, Lon., 1765-66, 2 vols. fol. New
ed., Glasg., 3 vols. 4to.
"Not a work of much value.”—Orme's Bibl. Brit.
2. Communicant's Spiritual Companion, Lon., 1763,
12mo. New ed., 1854, 32mo.
|
Pilgrims, ii. 47. 2. Religion of the East, with Impressions
of Foreign Travel. 3. Letters on Universalism, N. York,
13mo. 4. A Tribute to the Memory of the Pilgrims, Hart-
ford, 12mo. Reviewed in Chris. Exam., x. 297; Chris.
Quar. Spec., (by J. Leavitt,) iii. 358.
This is an improvement upon the author's last story of Alone,
reviewed by us on its appearance. There is more pith and con-
sistency in the plot, and very much less fine writing; fewer pro-
vincialisms, both of thought and expression. The incidents of
ordinary life are still treated too grandly."-Lm. Athen.
¡
3. Moss-Side, N. York, 1857. 12mo.
!
Hawes, Miss Mary Virginia, a native of Rich-
mond, Virginia, daughter of Samuel P. Hawes, late of Dor-
chester, Mass., has pub. three popular novels under the nom
de plume of Marion Harland. 1. Alone; a Tale of Southern
Life and Manners, Richmond, 1854. 12mo. Repub. in Lon-
don in the same year. Noticed in the Lou. Athenæum,
1854, 1397. In America the 19th ed. was pub. in February,
1856. 2. The Hidden Path, N. York, 1855, 12mo.
:
|
..
Hawes, Robert, and Robert Loder. Hist. of
Framlingham, Woodbridge, 1798, 4to.
Hawes, Samuel. Missionary Poems, 1800.
Hawes, Stephen, an English poet, Groom of the
Privy Chamber to Henry VII., is best known by his
Temple of Glasse, 4to, The Conuersion of Swerers, 4to,
and The Pass Tyme of Pleasure, 1517, 4to.
If the poems of Rowlie are not genuine, the PASTIME Of Plea-
SURE is almost the only effort of imagination and invention which
had appeared in our poetry since Chaucer."-Warton's Hist. of
Eng. Pet.
看看
​Those who require the ardent words or the harmonious grace
of poetical diction will not frequently be content with Hawes.
Unlike many of our older versifiers, be would be judged more un-
favourably by extracts than by a general view of his long work,
[The Pass Tyme of Pleasure.] He is rude, obscure, full of pedantic
Latinisms, and probably has been disfigured in the press; but
learned and philosophical. reminding us frequently of the school
of James I."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
"That he is greatly superior to many of his immediate pre-
decessors and contemporaries. in harmonious versification and
clear expression, will appear from the following stanza:
Besydes this gyaunt, upon every tree.'" &c.
Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poet.
See also Bliss's Wood's Athen Oxon.; Ellis's Specimens;
Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet.; Censura Literaria;
Ritson's Bibl. Poet.; Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
Hawes, William, M.D., 1736-1808, pub. a number
of works on medicine, the Humane Society, and Bills of
Mortality, Lon., 1774-95. He pub. An Account of the
late Dr. Goldsmith's last Illness so far as relates to the
Exhibition of James's Powders, 1774, 4to, 3 eds.
Hawes, William Post, b. 1821, in the city of New
York, was a popular cor:tributor to the New York Mirror,
the American Monthly Magazine, The Spirit of the Times
and Turf Register, and other periodicals. A collection
entitled Sporting Scenes and Sundry Sketches, being the
of his writings was pub. in 1842, shortly after his death,
Miscellaneous Writings of J. Cypress, Jr. Edited, with a
memoir, by Henry William Herbert.
6.6
Hawke, Hon. Annabella Eliza Cassandra.
Babylon, and other Poems, Lon., 1811, Svo.
preceding. 1. The Ranger; a Collec. of Periodical Essays
Hawke, Hon. Martin Bladder, brother to the
by M. Hawke and Sir R. Vincent, Bart., 1794, Svo; 2d
ed., 1795. 2 vols. 12mo.
Hawke, Michael. 1. The Right of Dominion, and
Property of Liberty, whether National, Civil, or Religious,
Lon.. 1655. 2. Killing is Murder; against a Pamphlet of
W. Allen, entit. Killing no Murder, 1657, 4to. 3. Grounds
of the Laws of England, 1657, 4to.
"An excellent devotional treatise.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
3. Improvement of the Church Catechism, 1775, 12mo.
4. Evangel. Principles and Practice, 1762, Svo. New ed.,
Oxf., 1835, 12mo. 5. Trans. of the New Test. from the
Greek, Lon., 1795, Svo.
"His qualifications were not equal to the task, and his work
“His
has not attracted any attention.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
6. Hist. of the Church of Christ, 1800, 3 vols. Svo.
Severely criticized by Dean Isaac Milner, Camb., 1800,
Svo, &c. See an account of the controversy in Lowndes's
Brit. Lib., 1288.
Hawes, Barbara. Tales of the North American | 1729, Svo.
|
Indians, 1620-1776, Lon., 1844, fp. Svo.
"We cannot say any thing of this entertaining collection more
descriptive or appropriate than that it forms an admirable intro-
duction to Catlin's book. It is impossible to overestimate the
importance to this country of carefully instructing its youth in
the history and character of the natives of its colonies and settle
ments."-Lon. Atlas.
Hawes, Benjamin, Jr., M.P. The Abolition of
Arrest and Imprisonment for Debt considered, Lon., 1836,
Svo. See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 132.
Hawes, Edward. Trayterovs Percyes and Cates-
byes Prosopopeia, Lon., 1606, 4to. This poetical tract of
12 leaves, written by a youth of sixteen yeeres old," was
cold at Sotheby's in 1821 for £16; Bibl. Anglo-Poet., £40.
Hawes, Joel, D.D., of Connecticut. 1. Lects. to
Young Men, on Character and Reading, Hartford, 1848.
Reviewed in Chris. Month. Spec., x. 474; Spirit of the
**
Hawker, Capt. R. A. Journal of a Regimental
Officer during the late Campaign in Portugal and Spain,
1810, Svo.
Hawker, Essex. The Wedding; an Opera, Lon.,
Amer.
Hawker, Lieut.-Col. P., R.A. Instructions to
Young Sportsmen in all that relates to Guns and Shoot-
ing, 2d ed., Lon., 1816, Sro; 9th ed., 1844. Svo.
ed. from the 9th Lon. ed., to which is added The Hunting
and Shooting of N. America, edited by W. T. Porter,
editor of the N. York Spirit of the Times, Phil., 1846, Svo;
10th Lon. ed., 1854, Svo.
"Colonel Hawker expounds the whole rationale of shooting with
clearness, fulness, and vivacity.”—Edin. Rev.
"Colonel Hawker is one of the best shots in England, and his
Instructions to Sportsmen the very best book we have on the
subject."-Blackwood's Magazine; see xxi. 111; xxviii. 311.
"Proves the writer to be the great gun in all matters which
concern the sports of the field.”—Lon. Žit. Gazette.
Hawker, Robert, 1753-1827, a Calvinistic divine, a
native of Exeter, Vicar of Charles-the-Martyr, Plymouth,
for fifty years, pub. many serms. and theolog. works, among
51
801
HAW
HAW
the best-known of which are The Commentary on the Old
and N. Test., 1816, 9 vols., 40 Parts, Svo; new ed., 1842,
3 vols. 4to; The Poor Man's Comment. on the N. Test..
1816, 4 vols. 12mo; The Poor Man's Comment. on the Old
Test.. 1822, 6 vols. 12mo; Concord. and Dict. to the Bible,
new ed., 1846, 12mo; Zion's Pilgrim, 15th ed., 1854, 18mo;
Poor Man's Morning and Evening Portion, new ed., 1855,
12mo. There are two vols. of selections from his Com-
mentary on the Bible:-Spiritual Reflections on the Seve-
ral Chapters of Holy Scripture, 1845, p. 8vo. A collective
ed. of his Works, with a Memoir of his Life and Writings,
by the Rev. John Williams, D.D., of Stroud, was pub. in
1831, in 10 vols. 8vo, £4 48.; r. Svo, £5 158. 6d. His
commentary is better suited for the closet than the library.
Mr. Bickersteth describes it as
Calvinistic and full of the Saviour, but wanting in just cri-
ticism."-Christian Student.
"It was said of the celebrated commentators Cocceius and
Grotius, that the one found Christ everywhere, and the other
nowhere. Dr. Hawker is of the former school, and Jesus is the
name which he everywhere delighteth to honour.' He writes
with great modesty: the general design is good, and its tendency
excellent."-DR. WILLIAMS.
6
The plan is as follows:-1. An introduction to every
book, and a table of contents to each chapter. 2. Re-
ferences to other passages of Scripture, by way of illustra-
tion, with occasional elucidations and remarks. 3. Reflec-
tions at the close of each chapter, by way of improvement.
Hawkes, W. R. Gaul, King of Ragah; a Tragic
Drama, 1813.
Hawkes, Wm. Serms., Liverp., 1823, 2 vols. 8vo.
"A man of deep reflection, and a very perspicuous and correct
writer."-Dr. Sami. Parr.
Hawkesbury, Lord, Earl of Liverpool. 1. Speech
in H. of C., Lon., 1800, Svo. 2. Speech in H. of Lords,
1805.
Hawkesworth, Miss. Relics of Antiquity: forty-
eight Plates, with descrip., 1811.
Hawkesworth, John, LL.D., 1715 or '19–1773, a
native of London, is best known as the editor of The
Adventurer, (pub. Nov. 7, 1752-March 9, 1754,) and the
author of 70 or 72 of its 140 numbers. He was also a
contributor to the Gentleman's Magazine; pub. some
Tales, Edgar and Emmeline, and Almoran and Hamet,—
1761; edited Swift's Works and Letters, with his Life,
1765-66; pub. a trans. of Telemachus in 1768; wrote
Zimri, an excellent oratorio, and other plays; and in
1773 (3 vols. 4to) gave to the world an Account of the Voy-
ages of Byron, Wallis, Cartaret, and Cook. By this last
publication, for which he was engaged by the Govern-
ment, he gained £6000,-not unalloyed by severe censure
for moral improprieties in his description of savage life,
for alleged nautical errors and scientific defects. Vol. i.
contains the voyages of Byron, Wallis, and Cartaret.
Captain Cook's first voyage occupies vol. ii. and iii.
They were trans. and pub. in German and French in the
following year. See Cook, CAPTAIN JAMES. He was an
imitator of Dr. Johnson, and in his youth was one of the
few pupils of which the doctor's school could boast. He
was a zealous promoter of the interests of religion and
morality, and, we have reason to believe, deeply regretted
the faults for which his work on the Voyages of Byron,
&c. was justly blamed.
As a writer he occupies the first rank among English
classical essayists. Dr. Johnson, in his Lives of the Eng-
lish Poets, referring to Hawkesworth's Life of Swift,
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
characterizes the author as one
"Capable of dignitying his narrations with elegance of language
and force of sentiment.”—Life of Swift.
The two biographies are thus contrasted by a diligent
student of English literature :
fon.
"Read Hawkesworth's Life of Swift: of whose character and
conduct but an imperfect idea is given by the narrative of John-
Hawkesworth is much more communicative and interest-
ing; and the minuteness and simplicity with which he details
the few but deplorable incidents of the last four years of Swift's
life are highly affecting. The circumstance of his struggling to
express himself, after a silence broken but once for more than a
year, and, finding all his efforts ineffectual, heaving a deep sigh,
quite cleaves the heart.”—Green's Diary of a Lover of Literature,
Oct. 11, 1796,
One of the ablest and most elegant critics in the lan-
guage presents us with a most agreeable portrait of Dr.
Hawkesworth, from which we give a brief extract:
"His imagination was fertile and brilliant, his diction pure,
elegant, and unaffected: ... his manners were polished and
affable, and his conversation has been described as uncommonly
fascinating.—as combining instruction and entertainment with a
flow of words which, though unstudied, was yet concisely and
appropriately eloquent."-Literary Life of Dr. Hawkesworth: Dr.
Drake's Essays, vol. v., q. v.
•
See also Sir John Hawkins's Life of Dr. Johnson; Bos-
well's Life of Dr. Johnson; Disraeli's Calamities of
Authors; Dibdin's Lib. Comp.; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.;
Gent. Mag.; Pref. to The Adventurer; W. H. Prescott's
Miscellanies, cd. 1855. Bost., p. 529.
Hawkesworth, Richard, LL.D. Travels in South
America, 1799-1804; trans. from the French of Humboldt
and Bonpland, Lon., 1806, 8vo. M. de Bonpland died
1857, at the ripe age of 84. A letter of his, written to a
member of the Geographical Society at Paris, was read at
its meeting, May 5, 1856.
Hawkins, A. 1. Hist. of the Turkish Empire, 1300–
1740, from the French of Mignot, Lon., 1788, 4 vols. 8vo.
2. The Works of Claudian, in English verse, 1817, 2 vols.
Svo.
|
•
· Claudian I recommend to your careful perusal, as properly
the first of the moderns, or, at least, the transitional link be
tween the Classic and the Gothic mode of thought.'-COLERIDGE.
3. On some Exotics; Trans. Hortic. Soc., 1815.
Hawkins, Cæsar. Acct. of S. Lee, Lon., 1754, Svo.
Hawkins, Sir Christopher. Observ. on the Tin
Trade of the Ancients in Cornwall, 1811, г. Svo.
Hawkins, Edward, D.D., Provost of Oriel College,
Preb. of Rochester and Ireland Professor. 1.Unauthorita-
tive Tradition, Oxf., 1819, Svo.
tive Tradition, Oxf., 1819, Svo. Reviewed in Lon. Quar.
Rev., xxi. 352. 2. Discourses on the Historical Scriptures
of the Old Test., 1833, Svo. 3. Serm., 1 Thess. v. 21,
1838, 8vo. 4. Christian Truth; 8 Bampton Lects. for
1840, 1840, Svo. 5. Serm., 2 Tim. i. 6, 7, 2d ed., Lon.,
1842, Svo. 6. Serms. on the Church, 1847, Svo. 7. In-
aug. Lect., 1848, Svo. S. Serms. on Scriptural Types,
1851, Svo. 9. Psalms, Lessons, and Prayers, for every
Morning and Evening in the Week, 2d ed., 1855, 12mo.
Hawkins, Edward, Keeper of the Coins in British
Museum. Silver Coins of England, Lon., 1841, Svo.
Hawkins, Ernest, Preb. of St. Paul's, and Sec. to
the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. 1. Ilist.
Notices of the C. of Eng. Missions to N. Amer. Colonies
previous to the Independence of the U. States, Lon., 1845.
This vol., which is of great historical interest, is composed
of the MS. Letters, Reports, &c. of the missionaries in
N. York, N. England, &c. to the Society for the Propaga-
tion of the Gospel, now in their archives. 2. Annals of
the Colonial Church, 1847, fp. 8vo. 3. Annals of the
Diocese of Quebec, 1849, fp. Svo.
•
Hawkins, Francis. 1. Youths' Behaviour; from the
French, Lon., 1646, 12mo; 1663, sm. Svo; 9th impression,
1668, sm. 8vo. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 2000. 2. Con-
fession of E. Fitz-Harris, 1681, 4to. 3. Discourse with
do., 1681.
Female Education, Lon., 1781,
Hawkins, George.
12mo.
Hawkins, Griffith.
Arming Merchants' Vessels,
Hawkins, H. A Reform in Parliament the ruin of
Parliament, 1813, 8vo.
tilda, son and daughter of Sir John Hawkins, (1719-
Hawkins, Henry, and Hawkins, Lætitia Ma-
1789.) Sermonets, Lon., 1814, 8vo.
1812.
Hawkins, Henry. Warrants of Attorney, Lon.,
1844, 12mo.
Hawkins, Isaac. Longitude at Sea, Lon., 1714, 8vo.
naval commander, distinguished himself in the prepara-
Hawkins, Sir John, M.P., 1520 ?-1595, an eminent
tions made to confront the Spanish Armada, and made
several voyages to Spain, Portugal, the Canaries, &c. A
of Mr. John Hawkins to the partes of Guynen and the
true Declaratio of the Troublesome Voyage (the second)
West Indies, 1567 and '68, Lon., 1569, 8vo. Also in the
first vols. of the Collections of Purchas and Churchill.
"If the result of English Embassies, having for their object
many things in common with those of the Portuguese, be at all a
topic which weighs with the Collector of Travels, let him foriu an
acquaintance with the text of Hawkins and Roe."-Dibdin's Lib.
Comp.
Hawkins, John. His Serm. on Prov. i. 4, entitled
A Sallade for the Simple, Lon., 1595, Svo.
Hawkins, John. See HAWKINS, WILLIAM.
Hawkins, John, M.D. Discursus de Melancholia
Hypochondriaca, Heid., 1633, 4to.
Hawkins, John. The Key of Commerce, Lon.,
1689, 4to.
Hawkins, John. Two Serms., Lon., 1725, 8vo.
Hawkins, Sir John, 1719-1789, a descendant of the
eminent naval commander of the same name, was de-
signed for his father's trade,--house-building and survey-
ing,-but preferred the study of the law, and became an
au
attorney and solicitor. In 1749 he was admitted a member
of a club which originated with Mr. (afterwards Dr.) John-
:
802
HAW
HAW
son, composed of nine members, and meeting on Tuesday
evenings at the King's Head, in Ivy-lane, near St. Paul's.
In 1753 he was married to Miss Sidney Storer; and, having
thus come into the possession of a large fortune, he retired
from business, and devoted himself to literary pursuits
and magisterial duties. In 1760 he edited Walton's Com-
plete Angler, with Notes, 1 vol. 8vo, and a Life; in 1761
he became Justice for the County of Middlesex; in 1763
he was elected one of the first members of The Literary
Club; in 1772 he was knighted; in 1773 and '78 he con-
tributed some notes to Johnson's and Steevens's edit. of
Shakspeare; in 1776 he pub., in 5 vols. 4to, his General
History of the Science and Practice of Music; and in
1787 pub., in 11 vols. 8vo, an edit. of The Life and Works
of Dr. Johnson. He was highly valued by his distin-
guished friend, drew up his will at his request, and con-
sented to serve as one of his executors. Of Sir John's
principal work, to which he devoted the labour of sixteen
years, the History of Music,—we have already had occa-
sion to speak at length in our life of CHARLES BURNEY,
Mus. Doc., to which the reader is referred. Some inte-
resting criticisms upon Sir John's History, impugning its
accuracy and judgment, will be found in the London
Athenæum, 1849, 284, 338; 1854, 436; and in Black-
wood's Mag., 1830, 475–476. We have already stated-
see p. 300-that in 1819 Dr. Busby pub. a General History
of Music, abridged from the works of Burney and Haw-
kins, in 2 vols. 8vo. Since we wrote Burney's life, a new
edit. of Sir John's work has appeared, with the author's
Posthumous Notes, Lon., 1854. This reprint is thus no-
ticed by an eminent authority:
|
Hawkins, Miss Lætitia Matilda, a daughter of
Sir John Hawkins, (1719-89.) 1. Siegwart; a Tale, from
the German, 1806, 3 vols. 12mo. 2. The Countess and
Gertrude; a Nov., Lon., 1811, 4 vols. 8vo. 3. Rosanne,
1814, 3 vols. 8vo. 4. Sermonets: see HAWKINS, HENRY.
5. Anecdotes, 1823, 8vo. 6. Memoirs, Biographical Sketches,
Anecdotes, &c., 1824, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
Sir John's book, if it is to be consulted as an authority in
competition with Burney's, demands skilled and searching editor-
ship, and such verification of every statement as few possess
either sufficient time or knowledge to administer. No process of
the kind, it is needless to say, has been attempted with regard to
the present edition; and this makes the tone of panegyric or
apology in the preface unadvisable, as provoking comparison and
reply."-Lon. Áthenæum, 1854, 436.
As regards Sir John's Life and Works of Dr. Johnson,
the reader of Boswell-and who is not?-must receive
the censures of the latter on this publication cum grano
salis. A competent judge remarks in one of the first of
his many excellent annotations upon Boswell's Life of
Johnson:
"I will here observe. once for all, that Mr. Boswell is habitually
unjust to Sir J. Hawkins, whose Life of Johnson (published in
1787) is by no means so inaccurate or unsatisfactory as he repre-
sents it. He borrowed largely from it, and it contains a great
deal of Johnsonian life which Mr. Boswell had not the opportunity
of seeing.”—JOHN WILSON Croker.
In early life Sir John was a contributor to the Gentle-
man's Magazine, the Universal Spectator, and the West-
minster Journal. In some of the essays thus contributed,
the author favoured the public with specimens of his
poetical abilities. In addition to the works already no-
ticed, he pub. Observations on the Highways, in 1763, Svo,
a Charge to a Grand Jury, in 1770, Svo, and another Charge
to a General Jury, in 1780, Svo, and a Dissertation on the
Armorial Ensigns of Middlesex and Westminster, in 1780,
4to. For further information respecting Sir John Haw-
kins, who was really a very respectable character both in
public and private life, we refer the reader to an interest-
ing memoir in Chalmers's Biog. Dict., drawn up from
materials furnished by the deceased knight. See also
Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting: Disraeli's Quarrels of
Authors; Gent. Mag., June, 1814, 551-553; July, 1814, 12.
Hawkins, John. The Quina-Quina of Peru; Trans.
Linn. Soc., 1794.
Hawkins, John. Machine for cutting Paper and
the Edges of Books; Nic. Jour., 1806.
+6
An immense number of well-known personages are here
brought under review. It contains humour enough to fill a
dozen modern jest-books."
"This highly-amusing writer has observed no order of march,
but has strung her pearls together as they came to hand, giving
here an account of her father's neighbours in Twickenham, then
of his musical friends, now of these who visited at his table, and
then of those who were met at the houses of friends; in short, it
exhil its a specimen of perfect gossiping."-—Goodhugh's Lib. Man.
"The redeeming genius of that family-the genius which. like
the figure of the antients, bears wings on its shoulders and a
flame on its head-must be a female!"-ISAAC DISRAELI: Gent.
Mag., July, 1814, 12-13. See references at conclusion of the last
article.
Hawkins, Sir Richard, d. 1622, a son of Sir John
Hawkins, (1520?-1595,) like his father, distinguished him-
self in the preparations made to confront the Spanish
Armada, and also made several voyages. 1. The Observa-
tions of Sir Richard Hawkins, Knight, in bis Voyage to
the South Sea, A.D. 1593, Lon., 1622, fol. See likewise
Natural Excellence of England, 1658, Sro.
Callander's Voyages, ii. 3, 1766. 2. Discourse of the
See Biog.
Brit.; Prince's Worthies of Devon; Bliss's Wood's Athen.
Oxon., ii. 367–373.
Hawkins, Robert. Life of G. Lateby, 1707, Svo.
Hawkins, Sir Thomas. 1. Trans. of Odes of
Horace, Lon., 1631, Svo. 2. Trans. from the French of
the Hist. of Sejanus, and of Philippa, &c., 1639, 12mo.
Hawkins, Thomas. Origin of the English Drama
illustrated in its various species, viz.: Mystery, Morality,
Tragedy, and Comedy, by Specimens from our earliest
Writers. With Explan. Notes. Oxf., 1773, 3 vols. 12mo.
A catalogue of the contents of these vols. (also of Dods-
ley's Collection of Old Plays) will be found in Harris's
Cat. of the Royal Institution.
Hawkins, Thomas. Comment. upon the I., II.,
and III. Epistles of St. John. Halifax and Lon., 1808, Svo.
Hawkins, W. Life of Bishop Ken, Lon., 1713, Svo.
Hawkins, W. B. The Whole Duty of Man; a new
ed., revised and corrected, Lon., 1842, fp. Svo. This ed.
contains an Introduction, endeavouring to throw some
light on the author, with notices of the various persons to
whom the authorship has been attributed. Amongst
others to whom this celebrated work has been ascribed
are Archbishops Sancroft and Frewen, Bishops Fell,
Chapel, and Atterbury, Lawrence Sterne, Abraham Wood-
head, Wm. Fulman, Richard Allestree, and Lady Dorothy
Pakington. The first ed. was pub., Lon., 1659, 12mo.
In English there have been many eds., and it has been
trans. into Latin, French, &c. A vol. entitled The Works
of the Author of the Whole Duty of Man was pub. in
1682. 2 vols. 12mo; 1684, 'S7, '95, 1704, '26, fol. Respect-
ing the quæstio vexata of authorship, we must refer the
reader to Mr. Hawkins's Introduction, just noticed; Dr.
Lort's essay in Nichols's Lit. Anec., ii. 597-604; Dr.
Hickes's dedication of his Anglo-Saxon Grammar; Nash's
Hist. of Worcestershire, i. 352; Lowndes's Brit. Lib, 620,
691: Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1942; Miller's Fly-Leaves,
1st Ser., 1854, S9; and the Lives of ALLESTREE, RICHARD,
D.D.; FELL, JOHN, D.D., in this Dictionary. For a table
of the contents of the Works of the Author of the Whole
Duty of Man, see Darling's Cyc. Bibl., 3194.
The ques-
tion, perhaps,-like the authorship of the ICON BASILIKE
and of the LETTERS OF JUNIUS,-may still be considered
an open one:
6.
The author still remains undiscovered. Millions of his books
have been dispersed in the Christian world.”—Curiosities of
Literature.
Hawkins, John. On Daniel, chap. ii., Lon., 1815.Svo.
Hawkins, John Sidney, d. 1842, aged 85, eldest
son of Sir John Hawkins, and brother to Henry and
Lætitia Matilda Hawkins. 1. Ruggles's Latin Comedy of
Ignoramus, Lon., 1787, Svo; best ed. 2. Rigaud's trans.
of Da Vinci's Treatise on Painting, with a Life of Da
Vinci by the editor, 1802, Svo. 3. Observ. on Gothic
Architecture, IS13, r. Svo. 4. An Inquiry into the Nature
and Principles of Thorough Bass, 1817, Svo. 5. An In-
quiry into the Nature and History of Greek and Latin
Poetry, 1817, 8vo. 6, 7. Two tracts in vindication of
himself against the charges of John Thomas Smith, 1807,
Svo, and ISOS, Svo. S. Contrib. to Carter's Antient Sculp-
180S,
ture and Painting. 9. Con. to Schnebbelie's Antiquaries'
Museum, 1791. 10. Con. to Gent. Mag., 1809-25.
See a
biographical notice of Mr. Hawkins in Gent. Mag., 1842, earliest purifiers of English style from pedantry. After the lapse
Pt. 2, 662-664; see also Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors;
Gent Mag., June, 1814, 551–553; July, 1814, L-13.
Man."-DEAN STANHOPE.
..
The writer deserves to be numbered with Cowley as one of the
of one hundred and seventy years they contain scarcely a word or
phrase which has become superannuated."-Edin. R
Undoubtedly the merits-both theological and literary
of The Whole Duty of Man are very great, although
as a divinity-treatise Mr. Bickersteth thinks it not uner
ceptionable:
The Whole Duty of Man was a practical book to counteract
the Antinomians, and contains an impressive introduction on the
care of the soul; the devotional part is full and useful, and it has
a good statement of relative duties, but it does not exhibit pro-
minently the only principles and strength on which mau can
perform them."
+
DY
Happy is the man that can form his style upon that of Arch-
bishop Tillotson, and in plain, practical preaching upon the
rational, instructive, and familiar way of the Whole Duty of
363
HAW
HAW
Hawkins, William. 1. Apollo Shroving; a Comedy,
Lon., 12mo. Acted Feb. 6, 1626. In the index to War-
ton's Hist. of Eng. Poet., 1840, this is said to be by John
Hawkins; but Lowndes correctly calls him William: sce
his Bibl. Man., SS6. 2. Corolla varia cantab., 1634, 12mo.
See Lowndes, ubi supra.
Hawkins, William, Sergeant-at-Law. 1. Abridgt.
of Coke's 1st Institute, Lon., 1711, Svo. Anon. Sth ed.,
by J. Rudall, 1822, 12mo. 2. Pleas of the Crown, 1716,
2 vols. fel.; 8th ed., by John Curwood, 1824, 2 vols. 8vo.
3. Summary of the Crown Law, 1728, 2 vols. 8vo. This is
an abridgt. of No. 2. 4. The Statutes at Large from
Magna Charta to 7th Geo. II., 1734–58. 6 vols.; and 3 vols.
of Supp., all fo). See 1 Cooper's Pub. Rec., 133; Bridg.
Leg. Bibl.. 324; Brooke's Bib. Leg. Ang., 171.
Hawkins, William, d. 1801, aged 79, Fellow of
Pembroke Coll., Oxford, Poetry Professor in the Univ. of
Oxford, 1751; subsequently Preb. of Wells, Rector of
Casterton, Rutlandshire, and Vicar of White-Church,
Dorset. 1. Serin., Oxon., 1752, Svo. 2. Serm., Lon., 1755,
4to. 3. Serm., 1756, Svo. 4. Tracts in Divinity, Oxf.,
1758, Svo. 5. Dramatic and other Poems, 1758, Svo.
Prælectiones Poeticæ, 1758, 870. 7. The neid of Virgil
in Eng. Blank Verse, Lon., 1764, Svo. 8. Serm., Oxon.,
1768, Svo. 9. Two Serms., Lon., 1773, Svo. 10. Dis-
course on Scripture Mysteries: 8 Serms. at Bampton
Lect, 1787, Oxf., 1787, Svo.
6.
The
"His erudition and labour demand our commendation.
annotations are useful to illustrate many passages which. from
the nature of the composition, would not admit of particular ex-
tracts or more minute criticisms. They display much learning,
and an intimate acquaintance with the subject."-Lon. Critical
Review.
in Harper's Boys' and Girls' Library under the title of Uncle
Philip's Conversations; has contributed to the Protestant
Episcopalian of Philadelphia, 1830-31; to the New York
Review. (established by him in 1837, and pub. until 1843;)
to the Church Record, pub. 1840-42; to Areturns, a Jour-
nal of Books and Opinions; and to Putnam's Monthly
Magazine. He also edited the Official and other State
Papers of the late Major-General Alexander Hamilton,
1842, 8vo. In the early political annals of the country
Dr. Hawks is peculiarly at home, and perhaps some of his
best compositions will be found in the historical articles
contributed to the New York Review. We should not
omit to add that this eloquent divine and lucid historian
possesses also some claims to the bays of the poet. Dr.
Hawks has been engaged for several years in the prepara-
tion of a work on the Monuments of Central and Western
America, which will doubtless prove a valuable contribu-
tion to a most interesting department of antiquarian
research. An occasional hour snatched from professional
duties is devoted to the laborious task of a History of
North Carolina,—a subject which has long engaged the
anxious interest of the author. Vol. i., 1584-91, was pub.
1857, Svo.
Conversa-
|
|
|
Hawkshead, James. On Wills, Lon., 1826, 8vo.
See Hoffman's Leg. Stu.. 274.
Hawkshaw, John. Reminiscences of South Ame-
rica. Lon.. 1838, fp. Svo.
Hawksley, John. Serm., 1813, 8vo.
Hawksmoor, Nicholas, 1666-1736, an eminent
architect. An Hist. Account of London Bridge, Lon.,
1736, 38, 4to.
1736, 38, 4to. See Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting;
Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Hawkyns, George. Serms., Lon., 1731, '44, both 4to.
Hawles, John, 1645-1716, an English lawyer, a
native of Salisbury. 1. Grand Juryman's Oath and Office
Explained, Lon., 1680, 4to. Anon. Pub. in 1770, 12mo,
under the title of The Englishman's Right, &c. 2. Trial
of E. Fitzharris, &c., 1689, fol. 3. Magistracy of England,
&c., 1689, fol.
11. His Works, Lon., 3 vols. 8vo.
Hawkins, William. Poems, 1787, Svo.
Hawkins, William. Serm., Lon., 1827, Svo.
Hawkridge, John. Fevers, Lon., 1764, Svo.
Hawks, Miss, now Mrs. B. Gardel.
tions on Italy, in English and French, Phila.
The
Hawks, Francis Lister, D.D., LL.D., one of the
most eminent of living pulpit orators, was born at New-
bern, North Carolina, June 10, 1798. He graduated at
the University of North Carolina in 1815, and commenced
the practice of the law in 1819; was elected to the Legis-
lature of his native State in 1821; ordained a minister of
the Episcopal Church in 1827; became assistant minister
of St. James's Church, Philadelphia, in 1829; Rector of
St. Stephen's Church, New York, in 1830; Rector of St.
Thomas's Church, New York, 1832-43; elected, by the
General Convention of the Episcopal Church, Missionary
Bishop of the South and Southwest in 1835, but de-
clined the office; removed to Mississippi in 1843, and
elected bishop of that diocese in 1844,-but not conse-
crated, in consequence of some intervening difficulties;
Rector of Christ Church, New Orleans, 1844-49; Rector
of Calvary Church, New York, 1849, to the present date,
1858. Since his last removal to New York, Dr. Hawks
had declined (about 1853) the bishopric of Rhode Island.
1. Reports of Cases adjudged in the Supreme Ct. of N.
Carolina, 1820-26, Raleigh, 1823-28, 4 vols. 8vo.
first 248 pages of vol. i. were reported by Thomas Ruffin.
2. Digest of all the Cases Decided and Reported in N.
Carolina, 8vo. 3. Contrib. to the Ecclesiastical Hist. of
the U. States: I. Hist. of the Prot. Epis. Church in Vir-
ginia, N. York, 1836, Svo; II. Hist. of the Prot. Epis.
Church in Maryland, 1839, 8vo; III. Commentary on
the Constitution and Canons of the Prot. Epis. Church in
the U. States, 1841, 8vo. 4. Egypt and its Monuments;
or, Egypt a Witness for the Bible, 1849, Svo and 12mo.
The reader should add to this vol. Journal of a Voyage
up the Nile in 1848-49, by an American. 5. Auricular
Confession in the Prot. Epis. Church, 1850, 12mo. 6. Trans.
from the Spanish of Rivero and Tschudi's Antiq. of Peru,
1854. 7. The Romance of Biography, illustrated in the
Lives of Historic Personages; edited by F. L. Hawks. In
12mo vols.: I. Richard the Lion-Hearted, 1855; II. Oliver
Cromwell, 1855. 8. The Cyclopædia of Biography, based
upon Griffin's Cyclopædia of Biography, edited by Mr.
Elihu Rich, and pub. by Griffin & Co., London and Glas-
gow, 1854.
Amer. ed., edited by F. L. Hawks, N. York,
1856, r. 8vo. 9. Narrative of Commodore Perry's Expedi-
tion to the China Seas and Japan in 1852-54; compiled
from Perry's original Notes and Journals, by F. L. Ilawks,
1856, 4to and 8vo. See N. Amer. Rev., April, 1856, 559–
562; July, 1856, 233-260. 10. A Physical Geography of the
United States, announced for 1859. Dr. Hawks has edited
severals vols. of natural history and American annals, pub.
|
Hawley, Gideon, d. 1807, aged 80, many years a
missionary to the Indians, stationed at Marshpee, Mass.,
pub. some interesting biographical and topographical
matter in the Hist. Collec. of Mass.: see iii. 188-193;
iv. 50-67.
Haworth, Adrian, of Cottenham, near Beverley,
Yorkshire. 1. Observ. on the Genus Mesembryanthe-
mum, Lon., 1794, Svo, 2 Pts. 2. Lepidoptera Britannica,
1803-28, Svo, 4 Pts. A work of great value, seldom found
complete. 3. Synopsis Plantarum Succulentarum, 1812,
Svo; 1819, cr. Svo. 4. Saxifragëarum Enumeratio, 1821,
cr. Svo. 5. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1799, 1801. 6. Con.
to Trans. Hortic. Soc., 1815.
Haworth, Samuel, M.D. 1. Anatomy of Man's
Soul and Body, Lon., 1680, Svo. 2. Curing Consumptions,
1682, 12mo; 1683, Svo. 3. A Descrip. of the Dukes Baguio
and Mineral Bath, and new Spaw, Lon., 1683, 12mo.
Haworth, Wm. Hartford Quakers, 1676, 4to.
Hawtayne, Wm., Rector of Datchworth, Herts. 1.
Serm., 1714, 8vo. 2. Serm., 1716, 8vo.
Hawtayne, Wm., Rector of Ellstree, Herts. 1. XXI.
Serms., 1792, 8vo.
"The subjects are of an interesting and important nature. The
style is, on the whole, easy and agreeable."-Lon. Month. Rev.
2. XXXI. Serms., 1813, 2 vols. 12mo.
Hawthorn, John, Light Dragoon in the Inniskilling
Regiment. Poems, Lon., 1779, 4to.
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, a popular American writer,
was born at Salem, Massachusetts, about 1807, and gra-
duated at Bowdoin College, Maine, in 1825. His earliest
volume was an anonymous romance, pub. in Boston in
1832. This work he has never thought proper to claim,
though doubtless, if it could be identified by the public,
it would be read with great interest and no little curiosity.
In 1837 he pub. his Twice-Told Tales; and in 1842 he
gave to the world a second series, and a new edit. of the
first. A number of these sketches had originally made
their appearance in The Token,-an annual edited by S.
G. Goodrich, and in other periodicals. The title Twice-
Told Tales was therefore no misnomer. In 1845 he edited
The Journal of an African Cruiser, from the MS. of Mr.
Horatio Bridge, of the U. S. Navy. In 1846 he pub. a
third collection of magazine-papers, under the title of
Mosses from an Old Manse. In the Introduction to this
work will be found some interesting autobiographical
sketches, to which we must refer the reader for informa.
tion which our narrow limits exclude. In 1843 he became
an occupant of the Old Manse in Concord, where he re-
804
HAW
HAW
as Dickens.”—HENRY T. TUCKERMAN: The Prose Poel; Nathanid
Hawthorne, in Mental Portraits, Lon., 1853.
sided for three years, passing his hours in literary leisure,
and in the composition of some of his most charming
sketches. In 1846 he received the appointment of Sur-able life are easily depicted by the practised sketcher; but a work
The frivolous costume and brisk action of the story of fashion-
veyor in the Custom-House at Salem, which post he re- like The Scarlet Letter comes slowly upon the canvas, where
tained for about a twelvemonth, when a change of adini-passions are commingled and overlaid with the deliberate and
nistration that grand evil of American politics-vacated masterly elaboration with which the grandest effects are produce
a desk the duties of which had been as faithfully dis-
in pictorial composition and coloring. It is a distinction of such
works that, while they are acceptable to the many, they also sur-
charged as if the
prise and delight the few who appreciate the nicest arrangement
and the most high and careful finish. The Scarlet Letter will
challenge consideration, in the name of Art, in the best audience
which in any age receives Cervantes, Le Sage, or Scott."-DR.
RUFUS W. GRISWOLD: Internatimal Mug., May, 1851.
"No one who has taken up the Scarlet Letter will willingly lay
it down till he has finished it; and he will do well not to pause,
for he cannot resume the story where he left it. He should give
himself up to the magic power of the style, without stopping to
open wide the eyes of his good sense and judgment and shake
solving view. To-be-sure, when he closes the book, he will feel
off the spell; or half the weird beauty will disappear like a dis
very much like the giddy and bewildered patient who is just
awaking from his first experiment of the effects of sulphuric ether.
The soul has been floating or flying between earth and heaven,
things earthly swimming dizzily and dreamily, yet most beauti-
with dim ideas of pain and pleasure strangely mingled, and all
ful, before the half-shut eye."-N. Amer. Rev., July, 1850, Ixxi.
135–148.
"Ingenious dreamer, in whose well-told tale
Sweet fiction and sweet truth alike prevail,”
had been the most practical and every-day character ever
venerated by a merchant or worshipped by a politician.
In 1850 he pub. The Scarlet Letter, a romance of in-
tense interest, and exhibiting extraordinary powers of
mental analysis and graphic description. This was suc-
ceeded in 1851 by The House of the Seven Gables, one of
the most popular of his productions, and in 1852 by The
Blithedale Romance, a novel founded upon his experience
as a member of The Brook Farm Community. Mr. Haw-
thorne has also pub. another selection from his contribu-
tions to magazines and annuals, entitled The Snow Image,
and other Twice-Told Tales, and several vols. for the
Young:
Grandfather's Chair, True Stories from History
and Biography, (1851,) The Wonder-Book, for Girls and
Boys, (1851,) and Tanglewood Tales, for Girls and Boys,
(1853.) A new ed. of Mosses from an Old Manse was issued
in 1854, 2 vols. 12mo, and a new ed. of Twice-Told Tales
in 1855, 2 vols. 16mo.
We should not omit to mention, among Mr. Hawthorne's
literary labours, his Life of His Excellency Franklin
Pierce, President of the United States, pub. in 1852, 16mo.
In 1853 Mr. Hawthorne was appointed by President Pierce
American Consul at Liverpool, which post he occupied
untill 1857.
We have many reviews before us of Mr. Hawthorne's
productions, but our limits oblige us to be brief in cita-
tions. The generous enthusiasm with which the advent of
the rising star was hailed by a brother poet (we use the
term advisedly) will be perused at this day-twenty years
later-with no little interest:
·
<
"When a new star rises in the heavens, people gaze after it for
a season with the naked eye, and with such telescopes as they may
find. In the stream of thought which flows so peacefully deep
and clear through the pages of this book, we see the bright reflec-
tion of a spiritual star after which men will be fain to gaze with
the naked eye, and with the spy-glass of criticism.' This star is
but newly risen; and ere long the observations of numerous star-
gazers. perched up on arm-chairs and editors' tables, will inform
the world of its magnitude and its place in the heaven of poetry.-
whether it be in the paw of the Great Bear, or on the forehead of
Pegasus, or on the strings of the Lyre, or in the wing of the Eagle.
Our own observations are as follows:-To this little work we would
say, Live ever, sweet, sweet book.' It comes from the hand of a
man of genius. Every thing about it has the freshness of morn-
ing and of May. These flowers and green leaves of poetry have
not the dust of the highway upon them. They have been gathered
fresh from the secret places of a peaceful and gentle heart. There
flow deep waters, silent, calm and cool: and the green leaves look
into them and God's blue heaven.' The book, though in prose,
is nevertheless written by a poet. He looks upon all things in the
spirit of love, and with lively sympathies: for to him external
form is but the representation of internal being, all things having
a life, an end and aim."-HENRY W. LONGFELLOW: Review of Twice
Told Tules, 1837, 12mo, pp. 434, in N. Amer. Rev., July, 1837, xlv.
59-73.
|
Miss Mitford, after a hasty review of the writings of
Irving, Cooper, Ware, and Dr. Bird, remarks:
"These excellent writers have been long before the public; but
a new star has lately sprung into light in the Western horizon,
who in a totally different manner-and nothing is more remark-
able among all these American novelists than their utter difference
from each other-will hardly fail to cast a bright illumination
over both hemispheres. It is hardly two years since Mr. Haw-
thorne, until then known only by one or two of those little ro-
lumes which the sagacious hold as promises of future excellence,
put forth that singular book. The Scarlet Letter, apropos to which,
Dr. Holmes, who so well knows the value of words, uses this sig-
nificant expression:
"I snatch the book, along whose burning leaves
His scarlet web our wild romancer weaves.'
"And it is the very word. We do snatch the book; and, until
we have got to the end, very few of us, I apprehend. have suffi-
cient strength of will to lay it down.. Scarcely a twelvemonth
has passed, and another New England story-The House with the
Seven Gables-has come to redeem the pledge of excellence given
by the first."-Recollections of a Literary Life: American Prose
Writers, Lon., 1852.
Notices of THE SCARLET LETTER:
..
"With all the care in point of style and authenticity which
mark his lighter sketches. this genuine and unique romance may
be considered as an artistic exposition of Puritanism as modified
by New England colonial life. In truth to costume, local man-
ners, and scenic features, the Scarlet Letter is as reliable as the
best of Scott's novels; in the anatomy of human passion and con-
sciousness it resembles the most effective of Balzac's illustrations
of Parisian or provincial life; while in developing bravely and
justly the sentimen of the life it depicts, it is as true to humanity
..
·
"The Scarlet Letter glows with the fire of a suppressed, secret,
feverish excitement: it is not the glow of natural life, but the
hectic of disease, which burns upon the cheeks of its actors.
monotony of ordinary existence, its long, wearing, languid sor-
The whole sky and air are tropical; and, instead of the gentle
rows, its vulgar meanness and sleep. we have a perpetual strain
of excitement, a fire that neither wanes nor lessens, but keeps at
its original scorching heat for years.”—Modern Novelists, Great and
Smail, in Blackwood's Mag., May, 1855.
these are the legitimate subjects for fictions: we are satisfied that
"We are by no means satisfied that passions and tragedies like
novels such as Adam Blair, and plays such as The Stranger,
may be justly charged with attracting more persons than they
fearful forms are to be presented in any work of art, they have
warn by their excitement. But if Sin and Sorrow in their most
rarely been treated with a loftier severity, purity, and sympathy,
than in Mr. Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter. The touch of the fan-
tastic befitting a period of society in which ignorant and excitable
human creatures conceived each other and themselves to be under
the direct rule and governance of the Wicked One is most skil-
fully administered. The supernatural here never becomes grossly
palpable: the thrill is all the deeper for its action being indefinite
and its source vague and distant.”—Lon. Athenæum, June 15, 1850,
p. 631.
•
.
Notices of the HOUSE OF THE SEVEN GABLES:
"The scenery, tone, and personages of the story are imbued
with a local authenticity which is not for an instant impaired by
the imaginative charm of romance. We seem to breathe, as we
read, the air, and be surrounded by the familiar objects, of a New
England town. . . . We may add that the same pure, even, unex-
aggerated, and perspicuous style of diction that we have recognised
in his previous writing is maintained in this."—HENRY T. TUCKER-
MAN: The Prose Poet: Nathaniel Hawthorne, in Mental Portraits,
Lon., 1853.
...
"It is not less original, not less striking, not less powerful, tban
the Scarlet Letter. We doubt, indeed. whether he has elsewhere
surpassed either of the three strongly-contrasted characters of the
book.... The House of the Seven Gables is the purest piece of
imagination in our prose literature."-RUFUS W. GRISWOLD: Inter-
national Mag., May, 1851.
"The successive scenes of this bold and startling fiction are
portrayed with a vividness and power unsurpassed, and rarely
equalled. The terrible Nemesis that waits on the extortion of the
ancestor, and pursues the wages of his iniquity till the injured
family receives its own again, reminds one of the inexorable fate
of the Greek tragedy; and, in describing the successive footfalls
of the angel of retribution in that ill-starred mansion, the author
rises into a fearful sublimity worthy of the theme. In other por-
tions the narrative is sprightly, quaint and droll, the dialogues
seldom otherwise than natural and well managed, (though the
daguerreotypist talks more than anybody but Phoebe could care
to hear.) and the denouement free, for the most part, from abrupt-
ness and improbability. To many readers the book has an addi-
tional charm from its truth in numberless minutiae to life. speech,
manners, and appearances, as they were in and about Salem thirty
guise whatever of names or pretexts.”—N. Amer. Rev., Jan. 1853,
years ago. We should have recognised the locality under any die
Ixxvi. 227–237. Read also the review of The Blithedale Romance,
in same article, pp. 237-248.
"It would be difficult to deny the gift of 'poetic insight' to this
mixture of admirable detail with something at once higher and
to those among us who thoroughly possess his language, (for he is
deeper. Balzac, the great novelist of modern France, known only
untranslated and untranslatable,) bas in certain romances of pro-
tragedy. But Mr. Hawthorne is free from Balzac's scoff."-Miss
vincial life the same perfection of Dutch painting and of homely
Milford's Recollections of a Literary Life: American Prose Writers,
Lon.. 1852.
•
"The House of Seven Gables is not less remarkable nor less un-
wholesome than its predecessor. The affectation of extreme home-
liness and commonplace in the external circumstances, and the
mystery and secret of the family with which these circumstances
are interwoven, is very effective in its way; and if it were not that
its horrors and its wonders are protracted into tedious long-
windedness, we would be disposed to admire the power with which
these figures were posed and these situations made.. For it is
no particular gratification for us to know how Mr. Hawthorne
studies his subjects,-how he sets them in different lights, like a
805
HAW
HAY
|
child with a new toy, and gets new glimpses of their character
and capabilities: we want the result, and not the process; the
story completed, but not the photographs from which it is to be
made. '—Modern Novelists, Great and Small, in Blackwood's Mag.,
May. 1855.
In this article will be found an extended notice of Mr.
Hawthorne's characteristics as a writer of fiction, and par-
ticular notices of his principal works. The characteristics
referred to are thus happily delineated by four of Mr. Haw-
thorne's countrymen, each of whom has earned a right to
a respectful hearing in the discussion of a question of lite-
rary criticism:
thority upon the departments of art which have employed
his pen, peucil, and brush. For an interesting sketch of Mr.
Hay's life, see Knight's Eng. Cyc., Div. Biog., vol. iii. 1. Har-
mony of Form, Edir., 1842, r. 4to. 2. Proportion; or, the
Geometric Principle of Beauty Analyzed, 1843, r. 4to. 3.
Ornamental Design as applied to Decorative Art, 1845, ob.
fol. 4. Laws of Harmonious Colouring, 6th ed., 1847, 12mo.
5. Nomenclature of Colours, Hues, Tints, and Shades, 3d
ed., 1845, 46, '55, 8vo. 6. The Principles of Beauty in Co-
louring systematized, 1846, 3, p. Svo. 7. First Principles
of Symmetrical Beauty, 1846, p. 8vo. S. Science of Pro-
portions of the Human Head and Countenance, 1849, 4to.
9. Geometric Beauty of the Human Figure Defined, 1851,
4to. 10. Natural Principles of Beauty as developed in the
Human Figure, 1852, r. Svo. 11. The Orthographic Beauty
of the Parthenon, 1853, r. Svo. 12. The Harmonic Law of
Nature Applied to Architectural Design, 1855. 13. The
Science of Beauty, as Developed in Nature and Applied in
Art, 1856. In the absence of space to quote commenda-
tions of Mr. Hay's works, we must be content to refer the
reader to the Edin. Rev. for Oct. 1843; the Britannia, Dec.
6, 1845; the Lon. Spec., Dec. 6, 1845; the Lon. Athen., Jan.
17, 1846, April 19, 1856; and letters of Sir Wm. Hamilton,
March 5, 1849, and Prof. John Goodsir, April 17, 1849.
Hay, Edward. 1. Hist. of the Insurrection of the
County of Wexford in 1798, Dubl., 1803, Svo. Of consi-
derable value. 2. Speech of John Keagh, 1807, Svo. 3.
Debates in both H. of Parl., April, 1812, on the R. Catholic
Question, 1813, Svo.
Hay, George. The Confutation of the Abbote of
Crosraguel's Masse, Edin., 1563, 4to.
"On the back of the title-page is an Epistle by the Printer to
the Reader, apologizing for his want of Greek characters, which he
was obliged to supply by manuscript; so late was it before the
Greek types were introduced at Edinburgh."-Wall's Bibl. Brit.
Hay, Judge George, of Virginia, d. 1830, wrote a
treatise on Expatriation, 1814, a treatise against the Usury
Laws, the Life of John Thompson, and a number of poli-
tical essays, signed Hortensius.
It may safely be asserted that by virtue of his individuality
every author and artist of genius creates a peculiar mood, differing
somewhat according to the character of the recipients, yet essen-
tially the same. If we were obliged to designate that of Hawthorne
in a single word, we should call it metaphysical, or perhaps soulful.
le always takes us below the surface and beyond the material;
his most inartificial stories are eminently suggestive; he makes us
breathe the air of contemplation, and turn our eyes inward....
His utterance, too, is singularly clear and simple; his style only
rises above the colloquial in the sustained order of its flow; the
terms are apt, natural, and fitly chosen. Indeed, a careless reader
is liable continually to lose sight of his meaning and beauty, from
the entire absence of pretension in bis style."-HENRY T. TUCKER-
MAN: Mental Portraits: Nathaniel Hawthorne, Lon.. 1853.
The characteristics of Hawthorne which first arrest the atten-
tion are imagination and reflection; and these are exhibited in
remarkable power and activity in tales and essays of which the
style is distinguished for great simplicity, purity, and tranquillity.
His style is studded with the most poetical imagery, and
marked in every part with the happiest graces of expression, while
It is calm, chaste, and flowing, and transparent as water."-RUFUS
W. GRISWOLD: Prose Writers of America, 4th ed., l'hila.. 1852.
"And here, though we cannot do him justice, let us remember
the name of Nathaniel Hawthorne, deserving a place second to
none in that band of humorists whose beautiful depth of cheerful
feeling is the very poetry of mirth. In ease, grace, delicate sharp-
ness of satire.-in a felicity of touch which often surpasses the
felicity of Addison. in a subtlety of insight which often reaches
further than the subtlety of Steele,-the humor of Hawthorne
presents traits so fine as to be almost too excellent for popularity,
as, to every one who has attempted their criticism, they are too
refined for statement. The brilliant atoms flit, hover, and glance
before our minds, but the remote sources of their ethereal light lie
beyond our analysis,
'And no speed of ours avails
To hunt upon their shining trails.''
EDWIN P. WHIPPLE: Lectures on Subjects connected with Literature
and Life: The Ludicrous Side of Life, 3d ed., Boston, 1852.
"Another characteristic of this writer is the exceeding beauty
of his style. It is clear as running waters are. Indeed, he uses
words merely as stepping-stones, upon which, with a free and
youthful bound, his spirit crosses, and re-crosses the bright and
rushing stream of thought. Some writers of the present day have
introduced a kind of Gothic architecture into their style. All is
fantastic, vast and wondrous in the outward form, and within is
mysterious twilight, and the swelling sound of an organ, and a
voice chanting hymns in Latin, which need a translation for many
of the crowd. To this we do not object.. Let the priest chant in
what language he will, so long as he understands his own mass-
book. But if he wishes the world to listen and be edified, he will
Go well to choose a language that is generally understood.”—HENRY
W. LONGFELLOW: N. American Review, xlv. 63–64.
Those who possess a set of the Democratic Review will
find many of Hawthorne's Tales and Sketches scattered
through its vols. See ii. 129, 360; iii. 18, 321; v. 51; xii.
146, 255, 360, 515, 604; xiii. 85, 186, 627; xiv. 78. 269, 605;
xv. 33, 454, 545; xvi. 337; xviii. 31, 97, 360, 457.
(
An interesting biographical sketch of Hawthorne, by
George William Curtis, accompanied with a representation
of the Old Manse' in Concord, made so famous by Haw-
thorne's inhabitation, will be found in The Homes of Ame-
rican Authors. Mr. James T. Fields, of Boston, induced
Mr. Hawthorne to give to the world The Scarlet Letter.
See also, respecting Hawthorne's characteristics as an
author, Edgar A. Poe's Literati; Tuckerman's Sketch of
American Literature; and the following critiques, in addi-
tion to the many already referred to: by C. W. Webber,
Amer. Whig Review, iv. 296; by S. W. S. Dutton, New
Englander, v. 56; by A. P. Peabody, Chris. Exam. xxv. 182;
and see articles in Democratic Review, xvi. 376; Brownson's
Quar. Rev., 2d S., iv. 528, vi. 561; Knickerbocker, xxxvii.
455: Church Review, iii. 489; Living Age, xxv. 203.
Hawtrey, Charles. Serms., Oxf., 1797, Svo.
Hawtrey, Charles S.
Charles S. Serms. &c., Lon., 1792-1817.
Hawtrey, Montagu. Sponsors, Lon., 1840, sm. 8vo.
Hawys, John, M.D. Oratio Anniversaria in Theatro
Coll. Reg. Med. Lond. habita,
Haxby, John, M.D.
Hay, Alexander.
Edin.. 1697. 12mo.
Lon., 1722, 4to.
Con. to Annals of Med., 1799.
Tyrocinium Pharmaceuticum,
Hay, Alexander. Hist. of Chichester, 1805, 8vo.
Hay, Charles. Descrip. of a Roman Hypocaust near
Brecknock: Archæol., 1785.
Hay, George, D.D. 1. The Devout Christian In-
structed, 2 vols. 32mo. 2. The Sincere Christian Instructed,
2 vols. 32mo. 3. The Pious Christian Instructed, 12mo.
Hay, John. Theolog. treatises, 1580-1605.
Hay, John. Speach to Jas. I., Edin., 1617, 4to.
Hay, J. B. Lords-Rectors' Addresses in Glasgow
College, Lon., 1839, sup. r. Svo.
Hay, John H. Drummond. Morocco and the
Moors: Western Barbary, its Wild Tribes, &c., Lon., 1844,
12mo.
“Here is an original and very readable book of travels and ad-
ventures. Mr. Borrow's relish for the Gipsy slang was not greater
than Mr. Hay's for the romantic Arab exaggeration."—London
Examiner.
Hay, Mrs. H. H. The Rural Enthusiasts, and other
Poems, Lon., 1808, 12mo.
Hay, Sir Leith, Major, R. A. Narrative of the
Peninsular War, Edin. and Lon., 1831, 2 vols. 12mo. 4th
ed., 1850, Svo.
"The only fault of Major Hay's narrative is that it has come
out two or three years too late.”—Lon. Month, Rev., May. 1831.
Hay, Peter. Theolog, and. Polit. Treatises, 1616-27.
Hay, Richard. 1. Origin of the Royal Family of the
Stuarts, Edin., 1722, 4to. 2. Vindication of Elizabeth
Moore, 1723, 4to.
Hay, Richard Augustin, Prior of St. Pieremont,
&c. Genealogie of the Hayes of Tweeddale, &c. Edited
by J. Maidment, Lon., 1835, sm. 4to and 4to. 120 copies
printed.
Hay, Romanus. 1. Astrum Inextinctum, 1636. 2.
Aula Ecclesiastica, &c., Francf., 1648, 4to.
Hay, Thomas, D.D. Serms., Lon., 1793-99, all 4to.
Hay, Wm., 1700?-1755, M.P. for Seaford, 1734-55.
1. Civil Government, 1728. 2. Mount Caburn; a Poem,
1730. 3. Poor Laws, 1735, '51. 4. Religio Philosophi, 1753,
60, Svo. 5. Essay on Deformity, 1754, Svo.
"Among 558 Gentlemen in the House of Commons, I am the
only one that is deformed."-Page 13.
6. Trans. of Hawkins Browne's De Immortalitate Anima
into English verse, 1754, 4to. 7. Trans. of Epigrams of
Martial, 1755. 8. Works, pub. by his daughter, with his
Life, 1794, 2 vols. 4to. Hay was an author of consider-
able merit.
Hayden, Mrs. C. A., of Boston. Carrie Emerson;
or, Life at Cliftonville, Bost., 1855, 12mo. Mrs. H. has
pub. some prose and poetical essays which have been
highly commende l.
Hayden, Horace, M.D., an American author. Goo
See Blackwood's
See Blackwood's Mug., aib
Hay, David Ramsay, b. 1798, in Edinburgh, Deco-logical Essays, 1820, 8vo.
rative Painter to the Queen, Edinburgh, an eminent au-
420; xvii. 56.
806
HAY
HAY
Hayden, John, Archdeacon of Surrey. Memoir of
Rev. Alex. Ross, and a Selection of his Serins., Lon., 1853,
Svo.
Haydn, Joseph, d. 1856, at London. 1. Dictionary
of Dates and Universal Reference, relating to all Ages and
Nations; 6th ed., Lon., 1853, 8vo.
"Of extraordinary value for well-arranged information upon al-
most every subject of inquiry. It is, indeed. a publication which
cannot be too highly praised.”—Lon. Literary Gazette.
2. Handbook of Diguities, being a new ed., improved and
continued, of Beatson's Political Index, 1851, 8vo. See
BEATSON, ROBt.
Haydocke, Richard, of New College, Oxford, and
Student in Physic. Trans. from the Italian of 5 books of
Lomazzo's Artes of Curious Paintinge, Caruinge and Build-
inge, Oxon., 1598, fol. Respecting this book and the trans-
lator, see Granger's Biog. Hist. of England. This work
is one of the first in the English language on Art.
Haydon, Benjamin Robert, 1786-1846, an emi-
nent artist, a native of Plymouth, England, committed
suicide in London, June 22. 1. Lects. on Fresco, Lon.,
1. Lects. on Fresco, Lon.,
1842, 8vo. 2. Lects. on Painting and Design, 2 vols. 8vo.:
I. 1844; II. 1846:
CONTENTS-1. Origin of the Art: 2. Anatomy the Basis
of Drawing; 3. The Skeleton; 4. The Muscles of Man and
Quadruped; 5. Standard Figure; 6. Composition; 7. Co-
lour; 8. Ancients and Moderns; 9. Invention; 10. Fuseli;
11. Wilkie; 12. Effect of the Societies on Taste; 13. A
Competent Tribunal; 14. On Fresco; 15. Elgin Marbles;
16. Beauty.
"There are few sections of Mr. Haydon's work from which we
might not extract some sound and effective passage. From some
we might select subjects of friendly controversy; but, having fallen
on nothing which appears to us deadly heresy or dangerous error,
we prefer to commend his volume to all who take an interest in
its subject, with the assurance that it will repay their study of it.”
-Lon. Quar. Rev., 1xxv. 91–92; notice of vel. i.
In 1838 there was reprinted from the seventh ed. of the
Encyc. Brit., in a p. 8vo. vol., Painting and the Fine Arts,
by B. R. Haydon and William Hazlitt. These essays are
thus commended by the eminent authority just cited:
"We have mentioned the gratification we have experienced from
the perusal of Mr. Hazlitt's Essay: we must add similar testimony
in favour of his fellow-labourer, Mr. Haydon. His Treatise seems
to us the result of study and observation extensive and profound."
-Lom. Quar. Kev.
For particulars of Haydon's life and notices of his
paintings, see his Autobiography, edited by Tom Taylor,
1853, 3 vols. p. Svo.; a biographical sketch by Ralph N.
Wornum, in Rich's Cyc. of Biography, 1854; obituary
notice in Gent. Mag., Aug. 1846; another in the London
Spectator, (copied into the Boston Living Age, x. 277-280;)
Southey's Life and Correspondence; Madden's Memoirs
of the Countess of Blessington; articles in Fraser's Mag.,
ix. 792; xxxvi. 53; Blackwood's Mag., viii. 219, 526; x.
680; xi. 332; xiv. 11; xv. 566; xvi. 505; xl. 553, 66, 671;
xli. 192, 344; xlvi. 305; xlix. 583.
"Genius immortal, industry untired,
The power and the capacity of thought
Sublime, to mighty aspirations wrought,
Are thine, by thirst of great achievement fired.
I need not tell thee, Haydon; thou hast felt,
The fears, the ecstasies of daring art,
The heavings and the sinkings of the heart,
At obstacles that oft like vapours melt,
And oft like rocks oppose us. It is thine,
After a warfare sileut, but most deep,
To triumph and o'ercome: thy name shall shine
In fame's undying record.—like a river
That, having toil'd o'er rocks, is left to sleep
'Mid everlasting hills, and gleam forever."
D. M. MOIR: Blackwood's Mag.. viii. 526.
Haydon, John. 1. Two Serms., Lon., 1770, Svo. 2.
Serm., 1772, Svo.
Haye, Drummond George. Verses Social and
Domestic, Edin., 1802, 12mo.
Hayes. Banker's Exchange, 1671, 76, fol.
Hayes, Charles, 1678-1760, pub. the following
learned works, all of which, save the first, appeared with-
out his name:--1. Of Fluxions and Conic Sections, Lon.,
1704, fol. 2. Longitude, 1710, 4to. 3. The Moon; a Phi-
tosophic Dialogue, tending to show that the Moon is not an
opaque body, but has light of her own, 1723. 4. Vindic.
of the Septuagint from the Misrepresentations of Scaliger,
Du Pin, Hody, Prideaux, and others, 1736, Svo. 5. Crit.
Exam. of Sts. Matthew and Luke, 1738, Svo. 6. Chronol.
of the Septuagint, 1741, 8vo; Supp., 1757.
“These learned and ingenious performances were all published
anonymously, and some of them have been, by mistake, ascribed
to Sir Kichard Ellis. They discover a very profound acquaintance
with chronology, and a great veneration for the Scriptures."-
Orme's Bibl. Bib.
7. Chronographia Asiatica et Egyptiaca Specimen, 1759,
:
8vo. See Gent. Mag., vol. xxxi; Nichols's Lit. Anc.;
Hutton's Dict.
Hayes, D. 1. An Epistle to Churchill, Lon., 1761,
4to. 2. The Authors; a Poem, 1766, 4to.
Hayes, E. 1. Irish Excheq. Reports, Dubl., 1857,
Svo. 2. Crim. Stat. Law of Ireland, 2d ed., 1842, 2 vols.
8vo. 3. In conjunction with T. Jones, Irish Excheq. Re-
ports, 1840, 8vo.
Hayes, E. The Ballads of Ireland, Lon., 1855, 2
vols. 12mo.
Hayes, John. Arithmetic, 3d ed., 1813, 12mo.
Hayes, Richard. 1. Young Merchant's Assist., Lon.,
1718, Svo. 2. Negotiator's Magazine, 1719, '24, Svo. 3.
Annuities upon Lives, 1727, '28, '46, 4to.
Hayes, Samuel, pub. several poems, 1775–89, two
separate serms., 1789, '92, and XVI. Serins., 1797, 8vo.
Rational and sensible; enforcing, with a proper spirit and in a
pleasing manner, important and useful truths.”—Lm. Monthly
Rer.
Hayes, Samuel. Management of Woods and Cop-
pices, Dubl., 1795, Svo.
Hayes, Thomas. 1. Coughs and Colds; 3d ed., Lon.,
1786, Svo. 2. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1767; 3. to
Mem. Med., 1789.
1.
Hayes, Wm., 1708-1777, a composer of music.
Collec. of English Ballads, Shrewsbury. 2. Musical Ex-
pression. 3. Music Meetings rel. to Church Langton, Lon.,
1768, 8vo.
Hayes, Wm. 1. Limitations to Heirs of the Body in
Devises, Lon., 1824, 8vo. 2. Lett. to R. Peel, 1825, Svo.
3. Real Estate to Ancestor, &c., 1829, 8vo. 4. Concise
Conveyancer, 1830, 12mo. 5. Law of Real Property, 1831,
Svo. 6. Introduc. to Conveyancing, 5th ed., 1840, 2 vols.
8vo. See 1 Jurist, 186; ii. 129; iv. 836; 7 Leg. Obs. 404.
7. Conveyance of Estates, 1840, Svo. 8. In conjunction
with T. Jarman, Forms of Wills, 4th ed., 1849, 12mo.
Hayes, William. 1. Nat. Hist. of British Birds,
Lon., 1775, imp. fol. 2. Portraits, &c. of Birds, 1794, 4to.
Haygarth, Henry William. Bush Life in Aus-
tralia, Lon., 1848, 12mo.
"It has neither the shape of a treatise nor that of a journal;
but is something between them, combining the compact informa
tion of the first with the readable interest of the second."-Lon.
Athenæum.
Haygarth, John, M.D., d. 1813, practised at Chester,
subsequently at Bath. He wrote two works on the Smail
Pox, Lon., 1785, Svo, and 1793, 2 vols. 8vo; one on Infec-
tious Diseases, Bath, 1801, Svo; and other profess. treatises,
1805-13.
Haygarth, William, son of the preceding. Greece;
a Poem, Lon., 1814, Svo.
chester, and Chaplain-in-ordinary. Serms., Lon., 1711-21.
Hayley, Thomas, D.D., Canon-Resident. of Chi-
of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, and Chaplain-in-ordinary.
Hayley, William, D.D., Dean of Chichester, Rector
Serms., 1687-1702.
Hayley, William, 1745–1820, grandson of the pre-
ceding, and a native of Chichester, was educated at Eton,
and at Trin. Coll., Cambridge, and, on leaving the univer-
sity, retired to his patrimonial estate of Eartham, at Sussex.
and devoted his hours to literary pursuits. In 1792 he
became acquainted with the poet Cowper, and as the bio-
grapher of his friend has already claimed our notice in
the life of the latter. As the friend of Gibbon, also, his
name occurs on p. 662 of this Dictionary. About the year
1800, Mr. Hayley's spirits were greatly depressed by the
loss of his natural son, Thomas Alphonso Hayley, a sculptor
of much promise; and he removed to Felpham, where he
resided until his death in 1820. He pub. (1778-1811) many
occasional works, both in prose and poetry, Epistles, Essays,
Elegies, Dialogues, plays, biographies, translations from
Milton's Latin and Italian Poems, &c.—almost all of which
are now forgotten. A collective ed. of his Poems and Plays
was pub. in 1785, 6 vols. sm. Svo; 1788, 6 vols. er. Svo.
The following are his principal productions. 1. Poetical
Epistle to an eminent Painter, (George Romney,) 1778, 4to.
2. Essay on History, in 3 Epistles to Edward Gibbon, 1780,
4to. 3. The Triumphs of Temper; a Poem, in six cantos,
1781, 4to. 4. Essay on Epic Poetry; in 5 Epistles, 1782,
|
4to. 5. Essay on Old Maids, 1785, 3 vols. 12mo. 6. Dia-
logues. Anon. 7. Life and Poetical Works of John Milton,
1794–99, 3 vols. fol. S. Life of Milton, 1796, 4to. Origin-
ally prefixed to Boydell's ed. of Milton, 1794-97, 3 vols.
fol. 9. Essay on Sculpture; Epistles to Flaxman, 1800,
Svo. 10. Life, Works, and Letters of Cowper, 1803-04, 3
vols. 4to. Reviewed by Lord Jeffrey in Edin. Rev., ii.
64-86; iv. 273-284. 2d ed., 4 vols. 8vo. Supp. Pages,
1806, ito. New ed. 1812, 4 vols. Svo. See CowPER, WIL-
807
HAY
HAY
|
LIAM, in this Dictionary; Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, pp.
346-547; and Allan Cunningham's Biog. and Crit. Hist. of
the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years. 11. The Triumph of Music;
a Pocm, 1804, 4to. Reviewed in Edin. Rev., vi. 56-63. 12.
Ballads founded upon Original and Curious Anecdotes re-
lating to the Instinct and Sagacity of Animals, 1805, Svo.
Mediocrity, as all the world knows. is forbidden to poets and
to punsters; but the punster has a privilege peculiar to himself,—
the exceeding badness of his puns is imputed as a merit. This
privilege may fairly be extended to Mr Hayley: his present volume
is so incomparably absurd as that no merit within his reach could
have amused us half so much."-ROBERT SOUTHEY: Aikin's Annual
Review, iv. 675–676.
.6
13. Latin and Italian Poems of Milton, trans. into Eng-of
lish verse; with a Fragment of a Comment. on Paradise
Lost, by Cowper, 1808, 4to; 1810, 4 vols. Svo. 14. Life of
George Romney, Esq., 1809, 4to.
"Much of what he relates of Romney has been contradicted or
questioned by his son; he takes higher ground, too, than the
painter's genius can warrant."-ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog, and
Crit. Hist, of the Lil. of the Last Fifty Years.
15. Three Plays, 1811, 8vo. 16. Memoirs of the Life
and Writings of William Hayley, written by himself, &c.
Edited by John Johnson, LL.D., 1823, 2 vols. 4to.
“Mr. Hayley received a very considerable annuity, during the
last twelve years of his life, as the price of his own Memoirs, which
he was to leave in a fit state for publication. . . . Hayley is, per-
haps, the only person who ever dealt with his posthumous repu-
tation as a post-obit, and converted it into a present income."
ROBERT SOUTHEY: Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 263-311. Read this re-
view, which displeased Gifford greatly; for Southey tells us:
..
My paper upon Hayley was so offensive to Mr. Gifford, that
after it was printed he withheld it for two successive numbers, and
if he had not then ceased to be editor and had persisted in with-
holding it. I might have probably withdrawn from the Review.
There neither was nor could be any reason for this, but that he
could not boir to see Hayley spoken of with decent respect."
Vide Southey's Letter, in Sir S. E. Brydges's Autobio-
graphy; see also Southey's Life and Correspondence for
other notices of Hayley.
Respecting Hayley's Memoirs, see also Lon. Month.
Rev., ciii. 267; cv. 1; Blackwood's Mag., xiv. 184, 303;
and see remarks on Southey's review of the Memoirs,
Blackwood's Mag., xvii. 477.
Hayne, Robert Y., 1791-1839, a native of the parish
of St. Paul, South Carolina, was a grandnephew of Col.
Isaac Hayne, a Revolutionary patriot, who was executed
by the British in 1781. Robert Y. Hayne filled in succes-
sion the offices of member of the State legislature, Speaker
of the House, Attorney-General of the State, United
States Senator, and Governor of the State. His speech
in the U.S. Senate, Jan. 25, 1830, which elicited Daniel
Webster's celebrated rejoinder, has rarely been equalled,
in all that constitutes true eloquence, in the American Cоñ-
gress. See the Life, Character, and Specches of the late
Robert Y. Hayne, 1845; Works of Daniel Webster, 8th ed.,
1854, 6 vols. 8vo; Southern Review, (papers by R. Y. Hayne
on improvement of the navy, and in vindication of the
and Speeches, South. Quar. Review, viii. 496; his Letter
memory of his relative, Col. Hayne;) Review of his Life
on the Tariff, 1828, in Niles's Reg., xxxv. 184, 199; his
lification Proclamation, in Niles's Reg., xliii. 308; Speeches
Nullification Ordinance, in Niles's Reg., xliii. 219; his Nul-
of bis, in Niles's Reg., xxxvii. 415; xxxviii. 105, 376; xli.
396. Eloquent tributes to the memory of Hayne, by Ge-
"The popularity of Hayley in an age so artificial and so pragster, delivered at the Dinner of the New England Society,
neral Hamilton of S. Carolina, and the Hon. Daniel Web-
matical as that wherein he flourished-an age of minuets, and
hoops, and pomatum, and powdered queues, and purple velvet
doublets, and flesh coloured silk stockings-is not much to be
wondered at, when we consider the subjects on which he wrote,
and the real graces of his style. Such poetry was relished, because
it was called forth by the exigencies and adapted to the taste of the
particular time at which it was written. It was a reflection of exist-
Ing modes and habits of thought; and it must be allowed that his
mastery over versification was of no common order. True it is
that his mawkish or overstrained sentiment might at times ex-
pose him to ridicule; but the praise he received from Cowper is a
strong proof of the influence which his writings at that time exer-
cised over society. That power and that popularity have now
utterly passed away, for he was deficient in truth and nature; his
house was built on the sand; and, except the case of Churchill.
it would be difficult to point out another whose reputation had
assumed so much the aspect of a fixed star, and yet only proved
↓ the comet of a season.'
139
-Sketches of the Poet. Lit. of the Lust
IIalf-Century.
It may be difficult for some of us to believe that Hayley
was, "in his time," to quote Southey's words, "by popular
election, king of the English poets;" but, as Mr. Moir truly
observes,
Charleston, May 8, 1847, will be found in Webster's Works,
ii. 387-388.
Hayne, Samuel. Statutes rel. to Aliens, Lon., 1685,
Doubtless much of his reputation was owing to his ge-
neral popularity in polite society,-a popularity not unde-
served; for, as Southey emphatically declares,
+6
Every thing about that man is good except his poetry."-
Letter to Samuel Taylor Coleridge, August 4, 1802: Southey's Life
and Corresp.
|
"He lived in days," says Allan Cunningham, "when polish held
the place of vigour, and harmony that of feeling, and poetry was
judged of as a song is now,-by the sweetness of its music. In all
the externals of verse he was a master; as he moved in good so-
ciety, his opinions spread and prevailed; and, though he penned
cold quartos both in prose and verse, no one imagined that the
weariness they felt in perusal could come from the accomplished
author of The Triumphs of Temper.”—Biog. and Crit. Hist. of
the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years.
the following verses upon the anagram of his own name,
-"Harme I bare not,"-over a wood-cut of an animal of
the lizard kind, or "West-Indian Guane."
"If some should meete this Beast upon the way,
Would not their heart's-blood thrill for great affray?
Yet the West-Indian, that best knows his nature,
Says, there is not any more harmlesse Creature.
So, though my lines haue much deformity,
Their end mine Anagram shall verifie."
Haynam. Ophthalmia; Mem. Med., 1799.
Hayne, Paul H., b. at Charleston, S.C., 1831, is a
son of Lieut. Hayne, of the U.S. Navy, and a nephew of
Col. Robert Y. Hayne, the eloquent senatorial antagonist
Daniel Webster. Mr. Hayne has contributed a number
of articles to the Southern Literary Messenger and to
other periodicals, has been editor of the Charleston Literary
Gazette, and is now connected with the editorial depart-
ment of the Charleston Evening News. In 1855 he pub.
a vol. of Poems, Boston, 16mo, which possess extraordi-
nary merit. The Temptation of Venus is the principal
poem in this collection. See Graham's (Phila.) Magazine,
Feb. 1855. We are authorized to expect much from Mr.
Hayne in the future.
But we should not forget, whilst making large doduc-
tions from the extravagant adulation of our fathers, to
concede to this amiable, if not brilliant, writer, all the
merit which he can justly claim. Perhaps this happy me-
dium has been accurately stated by a critic of large com-
prehension and great refinement of taste:
+(
Hayley's Epistles on Painting. History, and Epic Poetry, writ-
ten in smooth, correct, and flowing versification, but not unfre-
quently deficient in energy and compression, inculcate much
elegant and judicious criticism, and diffuse much light over their
respective subjects.”—DR. Drake.
4to.
Hayne, Thomas, 1581-1645, a learned schoolmaster
and divine, a native of Leicestershire, educated at Leices-
ter Coll., Oxford, an usher in 1604 of Merchant-Tailors'
School, and subsequently of Christ's Hospital. 1. Gram-
matices Latinæ Compendium, 1637, '49, 8vo; with Appen-
dices. 2. Linguarum Cognatio, 1639, Svo. 3. Pax in
Terra, 1639, 8vo. 4. The Equal Ways of God, 1639, 8vo.
5. General View of the Holy Scriptures, 1640, fol. 6. Life
and Death of Dr. Martin Luther, 1641, 4to. 7. Four Let-
ters to Joseph Mede. See the 4th book of Mede's Works.
• He was a noted critic, an excellent linguist, and a solid divine,
beloved of learned men, and particularly respected by Selden.”-
Athen. Oxon.; see also Nichols's Leicestershire, vol. iii. Part 1.
**
Haynes, Miss C. D. The Foundling of Devonshire;
or, Who is She? 1818, 5 vols.
Trade and Commerce of G. Brit. and Ireland; pub. in
Haynes, Christopher. Papers relating to the
Charles King's Collection, Lon., 1743, 3 vols. Svo.
Haynes, D. F. Pierre and Adeline; or, The Ro-
mance of the Castle, Lon., 1814, 2 vols. 12mo.
Haynes, Hopton, 1672-1749, Assay-master of the
Mint, a friend of Sir Isaac Newton, and a zealous Soci-
nian. 1. Right of his Majesty's Chapel Royal, 1728,
fol.
2. The Scripture Account of the Attributes and Worship
of God, and of the Character and Offices of Jesus Christ.
Posth.; pub. by his son, 1749, Svo. Repub. by Rev. Theop.
Lindsey, 1790, 8vo.
"The most zealous Unitarian I ever know."-R. BARON.
"Mr. Haynes has left behind him a standing memorial of the
fearless integrity and great success with which he studied the
Bible, in his Scripture Account of the Attributes."- Wallace's Anti-
trinitarian Biography.
Hayman, Robert. Quodlibets, lately come over from
New Britaniola, Newfoundland. Epigrams, and other small
Parcels, both morall and divine, Lon., 1628, 4to. Bibl.
Angle Poet.,338, £12 12x., q. v. The author favours us with
|
fi
Haynes also pub. some tracts against Jacobitism,1714, &c.
Haynes, J. Botanical Garden at Chelsea, Lon., 1751,
Haynes, James. 1. Conscience; or, The Bridal
Night; a Tragedy, in Five Acts. This Tragedy was first
performed about 1821. 2. Durazzo; a Tragedy, in Five
Acts, 1823.
OUS
HAY
HAY
"This is a fine Tragedy; a finer we could hardly name. Iti
abounds with thoughts that breathe and words that burn;' it is
•
•
worthy the author of Conscience."-Lon. Gent. Mug., Sept. 1823.
3. Mary Stuart; a Tragedy, 1840, Svo.
Haynes, John. Manufactories, &c., Lon., 1708, '15.
Haynes, John. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799.
Haynes, Joseph. The Fatal Mistake; a Tragedy,
Lon., 1696, 4to. See his Life, by Thos. Brown, 1701, 8vo.
Haynes, Mifflin A. The South-Western Law Jour-
nal and Reporter, Nashville, 1844, 8vo.
Haynes, Richard. Prevention of Poverty, Lon.,
1674, 8vo.
Haynes, Samuel, D.D., d. 1752, son of Hopton
Haynes, and Rector of Clothal. Collec. of State Papers,
Lon., 1740, fol. See CECIL, WILLIAM, Lord Burleigh.
3.
Haynes, Thomas, of Oundle. 1. Garden-
ing, Lon., 1811, r. 8vo. 2. Horticulture, 1811, r. 8vo. 3
The Strawberry, &c., 1812, 8vo. 4. Essay on Soils and
Composts, 1817, 12mo.
Hays. Food, Animal and Vegetable, Lon., 1645, 8vo.
Hays, Edward. Hist. of the Irish Rebellion, N.
York, 12ino.
Hays, Mrs. Mary, an English lady, pub. several
novels, Letters, Essays, and juvenile works, 1796-1817,
and the following work, by which she is best known: Fe-
male Biography, Lon., 1803, 6 vols. sm. Svo.
Hayter. Perspective for Children, 1814, 8vo.
Hayter, Rev. John. Essay on 1 Cor. xi., Lon., 1791,
Hays, Isaac, M.D, b. in Philadelphia in 1796, grad.
in the Department of Arts of the Univ. of Penna. in 1816;
in the Medical Department, 1820. Editor of Wilson's
American Ornithology, Hall's ed., Phila., 1828, Svo; Hob-
lyn's Dict. of Medical Terms,´&c., 1846, 12mo; new ed.,
from the last London ed., (7th, 1855,) 1855, r. 12mo; Law--Dimuldson's Agricult. Biog.
rence's Treatise on Diseases of the Eye, 1847, 8vo; Arnott's
Elements of Physics, 1848, 8vo; The American Journal
of Medical Sciences, from its commencement in 1827 to the
present time, 1856; Phila. Journal of Med. and Phys.,
vol. iv.; contributed papers to these periodicals, and also
to the Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.
6.
8vo.
Hayter, Rev. John, d. at Paris, 1818. 1. Observa-
tions on a Review of the Herculanensia, 4to. 2. Report
upon the Herculaneum MSS., Lon., 1811, r. Svo. Mr.
resided for several years at Naples and at Palermo, for the
purpose of unrolling and deciphering the Greek MSS.
found at Herculaneum.
5.
1683, 8vo. 3. Union of Eng. and Scot., 1604, 4to. 4.
Lives of Wm. I., Wm. II., and Henry I., 1613, 4to.
The Sanctuarie of a Troubled Soul, 1616, 12mo. 2d Pary,
1649, 12mo. Reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany. 6.
David's Tears, 1622, Svo; 1623, 25, 4to; 1636, 12mo. 7.
Christ's Prayer, 1623, §vo. 8. Supremacie in Affairs of
Religion, 1624, 4to. 9. The Life and Raigne of Edward
VI., 16:0, 4to; 1636, 8vo; 1642, 12mo; 1730, 4to; and in
Kennet's Collec., ii. 273, 1706.
Kennet's Collec., ii. 273, 1706. See Athen. Oxon.; Strype;
Kennet; Bp. Nicolson's Hist. Lib.
Į
Hayter, Richard. Book of Revelation, Lon., 1675.
Hayter, Thomas, D.D., d. 1762, Bishop of Norwich,
1749; trans. to London, 1761. Occasional serms., and a
charge, Lon., 1732-59.
Blends much practical information in confirmation of theory."
– Lm. Month. Rev.
3. Fruitfulness and Barrenness in Plants, &c., 1834, 12mo.
The subject is extremely well handled, but in a practical view
it
merits no comuneut."-Donaldson's Agricull. Blog.
4. Mode of Training Vines; Trans. Hortic. Soc., 1815.
Hayward, Roger, D.D. Serms., Lon., 1673, '76.
Hayward, Samuel. 1. Serm. to Sailors on Ps. cvii.
31, 1746, Svo. 2. XVII. Serms., Lon., 1758, '92, Svo.
Composed in a truly evangelical style, and well adapted for
usefulness."-WALTER WILSON.
3. Serm. to Youth on Prov. viii. 17, 1756, Svo. 4. Reli-
gious Cases of Conscience. See PIKE, SAMUEL.
Hayward, Thomas. The British Muse; or, A Col-
lection of Thoughts, Moral, Natural, and Sublime, of our
English Poets who flourished in the 16th and 17th Centu-
H.ries, Lon., 1738, 3 vols. 12mo; 1740, 3 vols. 12mo, under
the title of The Quintessence of English Poetry, &c. Per-
haps a new title-page only. The preface. containing an His-
torical and Critical Notice of all the Collections of this Kind
that were ever published, was written by Wm. Oldys, under
the supervision and with the corrections of Dr. Camphell.
"The most comprehensive and exact Commoupla ce of the Works.
of our most eminent poets throughout the reign of Queen Eliza-
beth, and afterwards."—Warton's "Hist. of Eng. Poel., ed. 1840, iii.
234.
Hayter, Thomas, d. 1799, aged 53. Serm., Lon.,
1791, 8vo.
Hayus, John. See HAY.
Hayward dedicated his Raigne of King Henrie IIII. to
the Earl of Essex, which together with some of the his-
torian's remarks, displeased Queen Elizabeth, who ordered
Lord Bacon to search the book for treasons. Bacon re-
ported that there was no treason, but that there were many
felonies; for the author "had stolen many of his sentenses
and conceits out of Cornelius Tacitus."
Hayward, Abraham, Q.C. 1. Trans. of Savigny's
Vocation of our Age for Legislation and Jurisprudence,
Lon., 8vo. See Lieber's Hermeneutics, ed. 1839, p. 127.
2. Statutes founded on the C. Law Reports, 1832, 12mo.
See 5 Leg. Obs. 189. 3. Law regarding Marriage with the
Sister of a Deceased Wife; 3d ed., 1846, 8vo, pp. 28. 4.
Trans. of Goethe's Faust, in English prose, Pt. 1, 1833, fp.
Svo; 4th ed., 1847, 18mo. 5. Juridical Tracts, 1856, p. 8vo.
6. Biographical and Critical Essays, 1858, 2 vols. 8vo. Com-
mended. See Judge Story's Life and Letters, ii. 324, and
the life of EDWARD EVERETT, in this Dictionary, p. 569.
Hayward, C. Serms., 1793. '99, both Svo.
Hayward, Charles, Jr. Life of Sebastian Cabot,
in Sparks's Amer. Biog., Series 1, ix. 91–162.
Hayward, Edward. Ships in R. Navy, &c., Lon.,
1660, fol.
Hayward, George, M.D., President of the Mass. Me-
dical Society, late Prof. of Surgery in Harvard University.
Trans. Bichat's General Anatomy, Boston, 1818-22, 3
vols. 8vo. Trans. Becklard's additions to Bichat's Anatomy,
Boston, 1823, 8vo. 1. Outlines of Physiology, Bost., 1834,
12mo. 2. Surgical Reports and Miscellaneous Papers on
Medical Subjects, Bost., 1855, 12mo.
"Valuable alike to the nou-professional reader, to the medical
student, and to the veteran practitiouer."-N. Amer. Rev., July,
1856. 167-182.
Hayward, John. 1. View of the U. States. N. York,
1833, Svo. 2. Religious Creeds, &c. of the U. States and
of the Brit. Provinces, Bost., 1837, 12mo. 3. N. England
Gazetteer, 1839, Svo. 4. Book of Religions, 1842, 12mo.
5. Gazetteer of the U. States, Portland, 1843, Svo.; Phila.,
1854, 8vo. 6. Gazetteer of Mass., N. Hawp., and Vermont,
Bost., 1849.
1
Hayward, or Haywarde, Sir John, d. 1627, an
English historian, educated at Cambridge, was knighted
in 1619. 1. The first part of the Life and Raigne of King
Henrie the IIII., Lon., 1599, 4to. With Cotton's Henry
III., 1642, 12mo. 2. An Answer to the First Part of a
Conference concerning Succession, pub. not long since
under the name of R. Doleman (Parsons), 1603, 4to. Again,
under the title of The Right of Succession asserted, &c.,
8vo. 2. Science of Agriculture, Lon., 1825, 8vo.
Hayward, Joseph. 1. Science of Horticulture, 1818,
Shows a very sound scientific judgment in all practical points."
"A collection incomparably preferable to all preceding ones.”-
Disraeli's Amenities of Literature, q. v.
And see Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet. Anglic., Pref.
lxvi.
"If the grain were separated from the chaff which fills the works
of our National Poets, what is truly valuable would be to what is
useless in the proportion of a molehill to a mountain.”—BURKE.
Haywarde, Sir John. See HAYWARD.
Haywarde, Richard. Prismaties, N. York, 1853,
12mo. A collection of Prose and Poetry.
Haywarde, Wm. 1. Trans. from the French of Ge-
neral Pardon, Lon., 1571, Svo. A theolog. treatise. 2.
Bellum Grammaticale, 1576, Svo.
Haywood. Secret Hist. of the Life of Mary, Queen
of Scots, with the real cause of all her Misfortunes, 1725,
Svo.
Haywood, Eliza. See HEYWOOD.
Haywood, Capt. F. Memoir of, with Extracts from
his Diary and Corresp., Lon., 1832, 8vo.
Haywood, F. Analysis of Kant's Critick of Pure
Reason, Lon., 1844, 8vo.
Haywood, Henry, d. 1755, a minister of the Soci-
nian Baptists in Charleston, S.C., trans. into English Dr.
Whitby's treatise on Original Sin, and left a defence of
Whitby against Gill, and a catechism, ready for the press.
Haywood, James. Letters to Farmers, Worksop,
1852, 12mo.
“Neat on every department of agriculture, and form a useful
handbook to every farmer.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Bing.
Haywood, Judge John. 1. N. Carolina Reports,
1789-1806; 2d ed., by W. H. Battle, Raleigh, 1832-43, 2
vols. 8vo. 2. N. Carolina Justice, Svo. 3. Publick Acts
of N. Carolina and Tennessee, 2d ed., Nashville, 1810, 4to.
4. Tennessee Reports, 1816-18; Knoxville and Nashville,
1818, 3 vols. 8vo. 5. In conjunction with Robert L. Cobbs,
Statute Laws of Tennessee, Knoxville, 1831, Svo.
809
HAY
AZ
Haywood, Thomas. 1. Londini Artium et Scien-
tiarum Scaturigo; or. London Fountaine of Arts and
Sciences, 1631, 4to. 2. Porta Pietatis, 1638, 4to.
Haywood, Wm., D.D. Serms., 1642, '4S, '60, '63.
See Petition and Articles exhibited against him in Par-
liament, 1641, 4to.
1
Hazard, Miss Ann. Emma Stanley; or, The Or-
phans, N. York.
Hazard, Ebenezer, d. 1817, aged 73, a native of
Philadelphia, Penn., grad. at Princeton College in 1762;
Postmaster-General of the U. States, 1782-89. Historical
Collections; consisting of State Papers and other authentic
Documents intended as materials for a Hist. of the U.
States of America, Phila., 2 vols. 4to; i. 1792; ii. 1794.
7
His first acknowledged production (pub. anonymously)
was-1. An Essay on the Principles of Human Action,
which has been commended as indicative of considerable
metaphysical acuteness. This work was succeeded by the
following publications:-2. The Eloquence of the British
Senate, 180S, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. English Grammar for Schools,
&c., 1810, 12mo. 4. The Round Table; a collection of
Written for the Examiner
Essays, 1817, 2 vols. 8vo.
in connection with Leigh Hunt. 5. Character of Shak-
Respeare's Plays, 1817, 8vo. 6. A View of the English Stage;
speare's Plays, 1817, 8vo.
containing a series of Dramatic Criticism, 1818, Svo.
Lectures on English Poetry, delivered at the Surrey Insti-
Lectures on English
tute in 1818, Svo. S. The Spirit of the Age, p. 8vo. 9.
10. Political Essays, with
The Plain Speaker, 2 vols. 8vo.
Sketches of Public Characters, Svo. 11. Lectures on the
English Comic Writers, 12mo. 12. Lects. on the Dramatio
Literature of the Age of Elizabeth, 12mo. 13. Table-Talk:
14. Liber Amoris;
Original Essays, 1821, 2 vols. 12mo.
or, The New Pygmalion, 12mo. 15. Criticisms on Art, 2
16. Sketches of the Principal Picture-Gal-
vols. 12mo.
leries, 12mo. 17. Life of Napoleon Bonaparte, 1828, 4 vols.
Svo. 18. A Letter to Wm. Gifford. 19. Journey through
France and Italy, Svo. 20. Essays and Characters; writ-
ten at Winterslow, 12mo. 21. Conversations with James
Northcote, p. Svo. We might also include his treatise on
the Fine Arts, contributed to the 7th ed. Encyc. Brit., (see
HAYDON, BENJAMIN ROBERT,) a volume of Characteristics,
&c. After his decease, his son pub. his Literary Remains,
with Life, by his son, and Thoughts on his Genius and
Writings, by Sir E. L. Bulwer and Sir T. Noon Talfourd,
1836, 2 vols. Svo. New ed., 1839,
New ed., 1839, 2 vols. 8vo. This the
reader must procure, and also the revised edits. of his best-
known works, edited by his son, (1845, &c.) viz.: Table-
Talk, 2 vols.; Plain Speaker, 2 vols.; Lects. on Dramatic
Lit.; on the English Stage; on English Poets; on English
Comic Writers; Characters of Shakspeare's Plays; Criti-
cisms on Art, 2 series, 2 vols.; Winterslow Essays and Cha-
racters, &c. Messrs. Carey & Hart, Philadelphia, pub.
in 1848, (in 5 vols. 12mo.) The Miscellaneous Works of
William Hazlitt: Vols. I., II. Table-Talk; III. Lects. on the
Dramatic Lit. of the Age of Elizabeth; Characters of Shak-
speare's Plays; IV. Lects. on the English Comic Writers;
Lects. on the English Poets; V. The Spirit of the Age.
Mr. H. C. Baird, of Phila., has added to these 5 vols. ab
reprint of the Life of Napoleon, in 1 vol. 8vo. A 2d ed. of
this work, revised by the author's son, was pub. Lon., 1852,
4 vols. 12mo. Hazlitt also edited An Abridgment of the
Light of Nature, originally published in seven volumes,
under the name of Edward Search, Esq., 1807, Svo.
f
.
A valuable collection of docun.ents relating to American Ilis
tory."-Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, i. 375, q. v. And see Hazard's
marks on a Report concerning the Western Indians, 2 Mass. Hist.
Coll. iv.
!
diligence, which was prosecuted until his death in 1930.
He contributed largely to various periodicals; and many
of his most popular essays, afterwards collected into vo-
He
lumes, originally thus appeared as fugitive essays.
was one of the contributors to the Edinburgh Review, and
also officiated as home editor of "The Liberal."
Hazard, Joseph, of Lincoln College, Oxford. The
Conquest of Quebec; a Poem, Lon., 1769, 4to.
Hazard, Rowland G., b. 1801, in South Kingston,
Rhode Island, an extensive manufacturer at Peace Dale,
Rhode Island. 1. Language: its Connexion with the pre-
sent Constitution and future prospects of Man, by Hete-
roscian, Providence, 1836. This work is thus referred to
by an eminent authority:
"Volumes have not only been read, but written. in flying jour-
neys. I have known a man of vigorous intellect, who had enjoyed
few advantages of early education, and whose mind was almost
engrossed by the details of an extensive business, but who com-
posed a book of much original thought, in steamboats and on!
horseback, while visiting distant customers."-WM. ELLERY CHAN-
NING, D.D.: Self-Culture; in the collective ed. of his Works, 2d ed.,
ii. 104.
Mr. H.
A review of Language, written by Miss Peabody, ap-
peared soon after the publication of the latter.
has also pub. several pamphlets, 1841-48, upon Public
Schools, Railroads, &c.
Hazard, Samuel, a son of Ebenezer Hazard, (ante,)
b. in 1784, in Philadelphia, Penn. 1. Register of Penn-
sylvania, Phila., 1828-36, 16 vols. large Svo. This valu-
able work, containing a large mass of historical matter, is
frequently cited by historians, and is received as authority
in the courts of Pennsylvania. See Rich's Bibl. Amer.
Nova, ii. 204. 2. United States Commercial and Statistical
Register, 1839-42, 6 vols. 8vo. 3. Annals of Pennsylvania,
from the Discovery of the Delaware, (1609,) to the year 1682,
1 vol. Svo, pp. 800. This vol.-complete in itself—is in- |
tended as the first of a series designed to cover the period
from 1609 to 1856. 4. Pennsylvania Archives, 1682-1790,
printed by appointment of the Legislature, from the origi-
na's in the office of the Secretary of State. The whole
series up to 1790 has appeared, in 12 vols. of about 800 pp. |
each; one vol. more, composed entirely of an Index to 16
vols. of Colonial Records, previously printed, and the 12
vols. of Archives, will complete the whole period authorized
to be embraced in the work. It is to such indefatigable
labourers as Mr. Hazard and his father that historians are
indebted for much of the most valuable portions of their
compilations.
Hazard, Thomas R., of “Vaucluse," Rhode Island,
a brother of Rowland G. Hazard, was b. in 1784, in South
Kingston, Rhode Island. 1. Facts for the Labouring Man,
1840. 2. Essay on Capital Punishment, 1850. 3. Report
on the Poor and Insane of the State, 1850. 4. Handbook
of the National American Party, 1856.
Hazeland, Wm. Serms., 1756-61, all 4to.
Hazelius, E. L., D.D., Lutheran Pastor, Prof. in
Theolog. Seminary, Lexington, S.C. 1. Life of Luther,
N.Y., 1813. 2. Life of Stilling, from the Gerinan, Gettys-
burg, 1831. 3. Augsburg Confession, with Annotations. 4.
Evangelisches Magazin, ed. 1831. 5. Materials for Cate-
chization on passages of Scripture, 1823. 6. Church History,
4 vols.—History of the Lutheran Church in America, 1846.
Hazen, E., of New York. 1. New Speller and Definer,
Phila., 12mo. 2. Panorama of Trades, Manufactures, &c.
3. Speller and Definer, 12mo. 4. Popular Technology, N.
York, 18mo. 5. Practical English Grammar. 6. Symboli-
cal Spelling-Books; do. Pts. 1 and 2. Upwards of a million.
copies of Mr. Hazen's popular school-books have been pub.
Hazlitt, William, 1778-1830, the son of a Unitarian
minister of Shropshire, after receiving his education at the
Unitarian College at Hackley, began life as an artist, and
executed a number of paintings, which pleased every tasto
but that of the too fastidious artist, who threw away the
pencil in disgust, even amidst the commendations of his
admiring friends. Removing to London, he secured a
situation as Parliamentary reporter for some of the daily
papers, and thus commenced a literary carcer of great
As an essayist, a critic, and a sketcher of literary por-
traits, both the merits and demerits of Hazlitt were un-
doubtedly great. In testimony of this assertion we could
summon many witnesses, but our limits will admit of but
brief citations:
"In critical disquisitions on the leading characters and works
of the drama, he is not surpassed in the whole range of English
literature; and what in an especial manner commands admiration
in their perusal is the indication of refined taste and chastened
reflection which they contain, and which are more perspicuous in
detached passages than in any entire work. He appears greater
when quoted than when read. Possibly, had his life been pro-
longed. it might have been otherwise, and some work emanated from
his gifted pen which would have placed his fame on a durable
foundation."-SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON: Hist. of Europe, 1815–52.
6.
We are not apt to imbibe half opinions, or to express them by
halves; we shall, therefore, say at once, that when Mr. Hazlitt's
taste and judgment are left to themselves, we think him among
the best, if not the very best, living critic on our national litera-
ture.
As we have not scrupled to declare that we think Mr.
Hazlitt is sometimes the very best living critic, we shall venture
one step farther, and add, that we thifik he is sometimes the very
worst. One would suppose that he had a personal quarrel with
all living writers, good, bad, or indifferent. In fact. he seems to
↓
know little about them. and to care less. With him, to be alive.
is not only a fault in itself, but it includes all other possible faults.
He seems to consider life as a disease, and death as your only
is better
doctor. He reverses the proverb, and thinks a dead as
than a living lion. In his eyes, death, like charity, coveroth a
multitude of sins.' In short, if you want his praise, you must
die for it; and when such praise is deserved, and given con amore,
it is almost worth dying for."-PROFESSOR JOHN WILSON. Black-
wood's Mag., iii. 75; notice of Hazlitt's Lects. on English Poetry
•
When we reflect upon the manner in which he brings things
before those who attended his lectures, some of his old acquaint
ance and their friends, we feel nothing but disgust at him, ang
doubt of the true refinement of an age in which a polite and well.
educated audience would allow of such gross personalities. If Mr.
810
HAZ
IEA
Hazliit is blind to the beauties of the living poets, it is of little
consequence to them or to us; but we are offended at the vulgarity
of the attacks upon the characters of Wordsworth and Coleridge;
nor does he rise in our estimation by seeking to make, out of the
Bults of Burns, a defence for licentiousness and a rude attack
upon a well principled man."-RICHARD HENRY DANA: N. Amer.
Lev., viii. 27, vi. 322; review of Lects. on English Poetry.
Hazlitt indeed dwelt more with the dead than the living,
and the enthusiasm he evinces when he has exchanged the
drawing-room for the graveyard-especially when gar-
nishing the sepulchre of the greatest of English poets-is
well described by a late eminent critic:
·He seems pretty generally, indeed, in a state of happy intoxi-
cation and has borrowed from his great original, not indeed the
force and brilliancy of his fancy, but something of its playfulness,
and a large share of his apparent joyousness and self-indulgence
in its exercise. It is evidently a great pleasure to him to be fully
possessed with the beauties of his author, and to follow the impulse
of his umestrained eagerness to impress them upon his readers."
-LORD JEFFLEY: Edin. Rer., xxviij. 472.
Mr. Tuckerman estimates Hazlitt's abilities very highly,
and asserts that he
46
Fossessed. in a very eminent degree, what we are inclined to
believe the most important requisite for true criticism.a great
natural relish for all the phases of intellectual life and action.
But he makes a large deduction from his praise when
:)
he admits that
There is scarcely a page of Iazlitt which does not betray the
influence of strong prejudice, a love of paradoxical views and a
tendency to sacrifice the exact truth of a question to an effective
turn of expression.”—Characteristics of Literature, Sıcıond Series :
The Critic William Hazlitt.
practical English sense, the kernel from the husks. ever sacrificing
the second-class and trivial for the first-rate and emphatic."-Lm.
Quar. Rev., June, 1848.
|
6.
3.
Certainly one of the best criticisms elicited by the
writings of Hazlitt is the review, by Sir T. N. Talfourd,
of the Lectures on the Dramatic Literature of the Age
of Elizabeth, originally published in the Edinburgh Re-
view, xxxiv. 438-449, and since reprinted in the author's
Miscellaneous Writings. See also-in addition to the au-
thorities already cited-1. De Quincey's Essays on the
Poets and the English Writers, vol. x. of his Collected
Works, Bost., 1853, 12mo. 2. Allan Cunningham's Biog.
and Crit. Hist. of England for the last Fifty Years.
Dibdin's Library Companion. 4. Gilfillan's Galleries of
Literary Portraits, i. and iii. 5. Southey's Life and Cor-
respondence. 6. Whipple's Essays and Reviews, 2d ed.,
ii. 125–126, and in N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1845; and the fol-
lowing articles: 7. Lon. Quar. Rev., xvii. 154; xviii. 458;
xix. 424; xxii. 158; xxvi. 103. S. Edin. Rev., lxiv. 395.
9. Lon. Month. Rev., xcii. 153; xciii. 59, 250; ci. 55; evii.
1; cx. 113; exxiii. 275. 10. Edin. Month. Rev., iii. 297.
11. Blackwood's Mag., ii. 556, 558, 560, 679, 681, 683; iii.
71, 72, 74, 303, 550, 587; xi. 333, 370; xii. 157, 701, 702;
xiv. 219, 309, 313, 428; xvi. 71; xvii. 131, 361; xviii. 506; |
xx. 786; xxi. 474; xxiii. 386, 399; xxiv. 695; xxxiii. 136.
12. Dubl. Univ. Mag., viii. 406. 13. Fraser's Mag., xix. 278.
14. Eelec. Rev., vii. 288. 15. N. Amer. Rev., xliii. 543.
16. Amer. Quar. Rev., xx. 265. 17. Amer. Whig Rev., v.
98; xiv. 138. 18. Museum, ix. 154. 19. Living Age, (from
Jerrold's Mag.,) iv. 459. 20. South. Quar. Lit. Mess., ii. |
617. 21. Analec. Mag., xii. 201.
Hazlitt, William, Jr., of the Middle Temple, son
of the preceding, and editor of his father's Works, is best
known as an author by his translations of the Life of Lu-
ther, 1846, 48, 12mo; Michelet's Roman Republic, sm. Svo;
Guizot's Hist. of the English Revolution, 1846, 12mo;
Guizot's Hist. of Civilization, pub. by Bogue, 1846, 3 vols.
12mo, again by Bohn, 1856, 3 vols. 12mo; Thierry's Hist.
of the Conquest of England by the Normans, 1847, 2 vols.
12mo; Huc's Travels in Tartary, &c. in 1844-46, 2 vols.
sq. 12mo, 1852. See also his ed. of Montaigne's Works,
1842, r. 8vo; of De Foe's Works, 1840, 3 vols. r. Svo: and
the Lives of the British Poets, (based upon and including
Dr. Johnson's Lives,) 4 vols., 1854, &c. This last-named
publication failed to elicit the enthusiastic commendation
of the sharp-sighted and quick-witted critic of the London
Athenæum: see the No. for Feb. 18, 1854, pp. 207–208.
S
Translated by a lady, and edited, with notes. by Sir Edmund
Head, aided by the advice of Mr. Eastlake. Mr. Gruner, and Mr.
Ford, this volume presents us with a view of the German, Flemish,
and Dutch schools of Painting. We recommend it as a very candid
and excellent production."-Lom. Literary Gazette.
Head, Erasmus, Preb. of Carlisle. 1, 2. Serms.
Lon., 1746, 47, both Svo. 3. Roman Antiq., 1773.
|
Hazlitt, William Carew, son of the preceding.
The History of the Origin and Rise of the Republic of
Venice, Lon.. 1858, 2 vols. Svo. The history is brought
down to the close of the thirteenth century.
"So far. it is a creditable contribution to literature, opening to
the English eye fresh passages and characteristics of the romantic
Venetian annals.... One result is to expose, even more signally
than had previously been done, the comparative worthlessness of
Daru, the quarry whonce most English compilations have of late
been drawn."-Lon, Athen., 1858, 41. See also N. Amer. Rev., Oct.1858,
British Columbia and Vancouver's Island, 1858, fp. Svo.
Head, Sir Edmund Walker, Sth Bart., son of the
Rev. Sir John Head, 7th Bart., b. 1805, near Maidstone,
Kent; Gov.-Gen. of Canada since 1854. 1. Handbook to the
Spanish and French Schools of Painting, Lon., 1847, p. Svo.
Sir Edmund is logical and analytical, lucid in style, calm in
temper, rejects all German transcendentalis.ns, und picks, with |
•The review of these two schools (Spanish and French) is so
clear and concise, that we can name no work which contains any
abridged histories so comprehensive as we find in this landbook,
fully worthy, in every respect, of all those which have preceded
it."-Lm. Art-Unim.
See W. H. Prescott's Miscellanies, Bost., 1855, 642.
2. Kugler's Handbook of Painting: The German, Flem-
ish, and Dutch Schools. Trans. by a Lady; edited, with
Notes, by Sir E. H., 1843, p. Sro.
Walker Head, Bart., K.C.H., b. 1793, formerly a major iu
Head, Sir Francis Bond, brother of Sir Edmund
1835-38, now in the receipt of a good-service pension of
the Royal Army, and Lieut. Governor of Upper Canada
£100 per annum. 1. Rough Notes taken during some Rapid
Journeys across the Pampas and among the Andes, Lon.,
1826, Svo; 4th ed., 1847, p. Svo. These rapid journeys ob-
tained for the hurried traveller the sobriquet of "Galloping
Head," from "the manner in which he scoured across the
Pampas."
Ilis are
"The gay captain scampers across the Pampas plains at the rate
of a hundred to a hundred and twenty miles a day.
mere sketches, it is true, but the outline is generally so well and
clearly defined as to produce all the effect of a finished picture."-
ROBERT SOUTHEY: Lon. Quar. Ker, xxxiv. 114–148.
•
This book has all the interest of a novel."-Lon. Eclec. Rev.
<:
Every reader may draw entertainment and instruction from
his book."-N. Amer. Rec., xxiv. 295–321.
•
2. Reports relating to the Failure of the Rio Plata
Mining Association, 1827, p. Svo. 3. Bubbles from the
Brunnen of Nassau, by an Old Man, 1833, p. 8vo, 6th
ed., 1841, 16mo.
Ad
"Just suited for the pocket and for Rhine travellers."—Lon.
Athenæum.
..
4. Narrative of his Administration in Upper Canada,
1839, Svo; 3d ed., same year. Respecting the topics dis-
cussed in this work, see Men of the Time, London, 1856;
Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 287, 316; Dubl. Univ. Mag.,
xiii. 501-519; Westminster Rev., xxxii. 426; Eclec. Rev.,
4th Ser., v. 556.
Sir Francis Head's Narrative is a very remarkable one, being
one of the most clear, unreserved. and honest accounts ever ren-
of an unpopular administration. Few provincial governors could
dered by a public servant, of the arts, the principles, and the policy
have to relate so interesting, so arduous, and so successful a strug
gle."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
di.
•
· A lively, pleasant, self-complacent piece of egoism,
rectly opposite in all its characteristics to the Report of Lord Dur-
ham; but this we say without reference to the principles advocated
by either party.”—Lon. Athenæum, 1833, 169.
5. Life of Bruce, 1844, '48, 18mo. 6. The Emigrant; 3d
ed., 1846; 6th ed., 1852, p. Svo.
From this the future Mahon will gather the means of enliven-
ing the detail of our annals; from this the Macaulay of another
day will draw the minute circumstances which preserve the very
form and image of the past.”—Lon. Quar, Kev.
The most minute and accurate autobiography could hardly
have done more to explain Sir Francis Head's character and career
than the little work before us...... We have now pretty well
picked our crow, and we may safely dismiss the political history
and theories of Sir Francis lead into the region of chimeras and
confusion."-Elin. Rev., lxxxv. 358-397.
•
7. Stokers and Pokers-Highways and Byways, 1850,
P. Svo. Originally pub. in the Lon. Quarterly; now en-
larged and altered.
.
tive of the difficulties attendant on the construction, maintenance,
It is a very clever, rapid, graphic, and effective series, descrip-
and working of a great railway, with illustrations from such scenes
as may be witnessed daily on the line."-Lon. Examiner
S. The Defenceless State of Great Britain, 1856, p. Svo.
"A most timely and needful warning, which every one will do
well to consider.
We venture to think that it will not be
without some effect, however it may be assailed by vulgar abusə
Dec. 1850.
or depreciated by contemptible flippancy."-Blackwood's Mag.,
►
It is calculated to rouse all the old women in the country.
Such a fee-fa-fum of a book we never read. The Duke's letter to
Sir John Burgoyne was nothing to it; and it beats even Lord
Ellesmere hollow."—Lon. Examiner,
*.
To a large class of persons he will appear to have done more
good than harm, even by the publication of a book so full of ex-
aggeration that it is difficult to say whether it should be classed
with our serious or with our imaginative literature.”—Lon. Athe-
næum, 1850, 1189.
“It is indeed our sense of the real danger, and our anxiety for
a practical remedy, that have induced us to combat at such length
Sir Francis Head's various propositions;-some of which, we think,
are too slight to support his arguments, and others too vast and
too vague to satisfy the common sense of the country.”—Lon.
Quar. Rev., lxxxviii. 269–316.
811
HEA
IIEA
9. A Fortnight in Ireland, 1852, 8vo.
:
"Having blown his bubbles' in Germany, and burnt up his
French faggot,' the author seeks on Irish ground to amuse
self and his readers by comic sketches interspersed with general
reflections made in his own peculiar style."-Lon. Athenæum, 1852,
"The very favourable opinion which we were amongst the first
to pronounce upon this essay has been fully confirmed by the
bim-general voice of the profession; and Dr. Headland may now be cou-
gratulated upon having produced a treatise which has been weighed
in the balance and found worthy of being rauked with our stand-
ard medical works."—Lon. Lancet.
1201.
10. A Faggot of French Sticks; or, Paris in 1851, 2 vols.
p. Svo, 1852; 3d ed., 1855, 2 vols.
"He took with him to his task the kindly spirit and minute
observation for which he is distinguished. and, on his return to
England, cast his notes and reminiscences into volumes, summon-
ing to his aid the easy cheerful style and sly humour which have
long caused his name to sound harmoniously in the ears of all
lovers of a genial and amusing book. We rejoice that this book
is one we can honestly praise.”—Lon. Literary Gazelle.
Very curious, readable, and in some sense informing; but,
perhaps, its most remarkable feature is, how much may be seen in
Paris in a short time by a man who resolutely sets about it.”—
Lon. S tutor.
..
I Sir Francis knew how much we admire his books, we almost
thir (though that is saying much) that his feelings towards the
American Republic would become somewhat kinder and gentler.
. From the delightful Bubbles from the Brunnen, with its
quaint, half deprecatory motto,- Bubble,” (bobbel, Dutch,) uny
thing that wants solidity and firmness: (Johnson's Dictionary)'-
down to the Faggot, and including the more recent work on Ire-
land, we find everywhere the same freshness, the same vividness
of narration, and the same good sense. The Bubbles are not alto-
gether empty and fragile; the Faggot is not wholly composed of
dry and crooked sticks."-N. Amer. Rev.: Travellers in France,
Ixxvi. 397-428.
See an article on Sir Francis's Works in the Westminster
Review, xxxi. 461.
Head, Sir George, 1782-1855, brother of the pre-
ceding. 1. Forest Scenes and Incidents in the Wilds of N.
America, Lon., 1829, 8vo; new ed., 1839, p. 8vo.
"The Rough Notes of Captain Head on his gallop across South
America are not more unlike ordinary travels than this Diary of
winter's journey in British America, and a summer residence in
the woods there." ROBERT SOUTHEY: Lom. Quar. Rev., xlii. 80-105.
2. A Home Tour through the Manufacturing Districts
of England in 1835, 2d ed., 1836, Svo. 3. A Home Tour,
&c.; a continuation of the preceding, 1837, 8vo; 3d ed. of
both, 1840, 2 vols. p. Svo. Reviewed by Robert Southey
in Lon. Quar. Rev., lix. 316–327.
4. Rome; a Tour of Many Days, 1849, 3 vols. 8vo.
"The present work is intended for the general public,—to furnish
to the numerous readers at home and abroad a simple and distinct
account of Rome and its Antiquities.”—Preface.
"It is out of the question to convey by such means as are at
our command any just idea of the mass of intelligence collected
by Sir George Head. He seems to make us acquainted with every
inch of Rome, and to leave nothing for future workmen to do in
revealing its smallest features. The roads, the streets, the palaces,
the churches, the relics of every kind, and the inhabitants also,
are all set before us in the best possible order. In short, it is a
standard work, to last like Rome."-Lon. Literary Gazelle.
5. Trans. from the Italian of Cardinal Pacca's Hist.
Memoirs of himself, with Notes, 1850, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
W
To those who are desirous of informing themselves minutely
regarding Napoleon's relations with the Papacy from 1808 to 1814,
this work will be extremely interesting."-Lon. Athenæum.
6. Trans. of Apuleius's Metamorphoses; or, the Golden
Ass, 1851, p. 8vo. This is commended as an excellent
translation.
"It may be read with interest and instruction as a most trust-
worthy description of the habits, manners, and customs prevailing
in the Roman provinces in the second century of the Christian
era."-Lon. Athenæum.
Head, James Roper. Political tracts, 1796, '97.
Head, Rev. Sir John, Bart., of Hermitage, near
Rochester. 1. Serm., 1803, Svo. 2. Discourses, 1818, 8vo.
Head, Michael. Azora; a Metrical Romance, in
four Cantos, 1814, Svo.
Head, Richard, drowned in 1678, was the author
of Hic et Ubique, or the Humours of Dublin; a Comedy,
Lon., 1663, 4to; Parts 1 and 2 of the English Rogue,
(Parts 3 and 4 were by Francis Kirkman;) and some
other works. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 890; Biog. Dra-
mat., iv. 321-322; Winstanley's Lives of the Eng. Poets.
Head, Mrs. Thomasen. The Pious Mother; or,
Evidences for Heaven, Lon., 1839, 16mo. Written in 1650.
Headlam, John. Lett. to the Rt. Hon. Robert Peel
on Prison Labour, Lon., 1823. Reviewed by Rev. Sydney
Reviewed by Rev. Sydney
Smith, in Edin. Rev., Jan. 1824.
Headlam, Thomas E., M.P., Q.C. 1. Trustee Act
of 1850, &c., Lon., 1850, 8vo; 3d ed., 1855, 12mo. 2. Supp.
to Daniell's Chancery Practice, bringing it down to 1851,
Svo, 1851. 3. New Chancery Acts, &c., 1852, Svo.
"The eminent position of Mr. Headlam entitles his work on the
New Chancery Acts to an early notice in our pages; and his opi-
nions on the recent changes in Equity Jurisdiction and Practice
deserve the most respectful consideration."-Legal Observer, Jan.
1, 1853.
Headlam, John. Serm., 1804, 8vo.
Headland, Frederick W. Essay on the Action of
Essay on the Action of
Medicines in the System, Lon., 1850, 8vo; 2d ed., 1855, 8vo.
612
Headley, Henry, 1766–1788, a native of Norwich,
educated at Trin. Coll., Oxford, pub. a vol. of Poems and
other Pieces in 1786, Svo, contributed to the Gent. Mag.
under the signature of C. T. O., wrote No. 16 of the Olla
Podrida, (2d ed., Lon., 1788, Svo,) pub. several papers in
The Lucubrations of Abel Slug, and gave to the world, in
1787, Select Beauties of Ancient English Poots, with Re.
marks, 2 vols, er. Svo. A new ed. of this work appeared
in 1810, 2 vols. er. Svo, with a Biographical Sketch of the
author, by the Rev. Henry Kett, Fellow of Trin. Coll.,
Oxford. Headley designed and pub. two vols. similar to
the preceding.
"He included, under the unostentatious and general term Re-
marks, a Preface, Introduction, Biographical Sketches, Notes, and
a Supplement. ... His principles of criticism are sound, his
remarks are pertinent, and they are often made with a degree of
acuteness, force, and discrimination, that would have done credit
even to a Johnson or a Walpole. . . . The collection of the twenty-
nine Biographical Sketches of the old English Poets may be con-
sidered as a rich cabinet of exquisite portraits, finished with all
the truth and spirit of a Vandyke. They possess a peculiar deli
cacy of touch and fidelity of character. The colours are vivid;
the features of each person are discriminated with the greatest
precision; and we have only to regret that we have no more com
positions of the kind from the same masterly hand. The following
talents and taste."-REV. HENRY KETT: Biog. Sketch, ubi supra.
selections afford ample specimens of his diligence as well as of bis
See Sir S. E. Brydges's Pref. to his ed. of Phillips's
Theat. Poet. Anglie., lxx., lxxi.; Blackwood's Mag., xxxviii.
677.
Headley, Rev. Joel Tyler, b. at Walton, Delaware
county, New York, Dec. 3, 1814, graduated at Únion Col-
lege in 1839, and
lege in 1839, and subsequently pursued his theological
studies at the Auburn Theological Seminary. After being
licensed in the city of New York, he removed to Stock-
bridge, Mass., and, for about two years and a half, officiated
as pastor of a church in that place. Obliged from failure
of his health to abandon his intention of devoting himself
to the ministry, he determined to test the effects of foreign
travel upon his constitution, and, in pursuance of this reso-
lution, passed the years 1842-43 in Italy and other por-
tions of the Continent. Upon his return home, in 1844,
he gave to the world the results of his observations, in two
vols., which met with a reception sufficiently favourable to
make the tourist henceforth an author by profession. In
May, 1850, Mr. Headley was married to Miss Anna A.
Russel, a niece of Rev. Dr. Wm. Ellery Channing; and
in 1851 he erected a villa on the banks of the Hudson,
just above the Highlands, "commanding a view of sur-
passing
passing beauty and grandeur." In 1854 he was elected a
member of the Legislature of New York.
Mr. Headley's first American ancestor was the eldest son
Sir Francis Headley.
of an English baron, and of the same family as the present
We subjoin a list of Mr. H.'s pro-
ductions:
ters from Italy, 1845, 12mo.
1. A translation from the German, 1844. Anon. 2. Let-
"A work upon which a man of taste will be gratifled to linger.
It possesses the unfatiguing charms of perfect simplicity and
truth.... We meet everywhere the evidences of manly feeling,
pure sympathies, and an honorable temper. In many of the pas
sages there is a quiet and almost unconscious humour, which
reminds us of the delicate raillery of the Spectator. The style is
delightfully free from every thing bookish and commonplace. It
is natural, familiar, and idiomatic. It approaches, as a work of
language."-R. W. GRISWOLD: Prose Writers of America, 4th ed.,
that kind ought to do, the animation, variety, and ease of spoken
Phila., 1852.
See South. Rev., x. 85; Democratic Rev., (by H. T.
Tuckerman,) cxvii. 203; Lon. Athenæum, 1845, 957–60.
3. The Alps and the Rhine; a Series of Sketches, 1845,
12mo.
6
"In a former number of this journal (Ath., No. 936) we cha
racterized Mr. Headley's Letters from Italy as teeming with ego-
tism, somewhat meagre in detail, and ambitious in execution,'
We find the Alps and the Rhine yet more open to such a criticlsm”
—Lon. Athenæum, 1846, 291.
"That it is a pleasant miscellaneous tour is all that can be said
about it."—Lon. Literary Gazette, 1846, 379.
4. Napoleon and his Marshals, 1846, 2 vols. 12mo.
"He has taken the subject up with ardour, but with little pre-
vious preparation: the work, therefore, indicates imperfect infor-
The style has the same melodramatic exaggeration which the
mation, immature views of character, and unconsidered opinions.
whole design of the work exhibits. Yet unquestionably there is
power manifested even in the faults of these brilliant sketches."-
R. W. GRISWOLD; ubi supra.
See reviews by W. B. O. Peabody, Chris. Exam., xlii.
174; by W. T. Bacon, New Englander, iv. 364; by G. I
Colton, Amer. Whig Rev., iii. 537; iv. 86.
į
HEA
HEA
him on an expedition to find out the North-West Passage.
The results of his explorations will be found in the follow-
Seeing work pub. after his decease:-Journey from the Prince
of Wales's Fort, in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern Ocean;
undertaken by order of the Hudson's Bay Company, for
the Discovery of Copper-Mines, a North-West Passage, &c.,
in the years 1769, 70, 71, 72, Lon., 1795, 4to, pp. 458,
with plates.
·
5. The Sacred Mountains, 1846, 8ro and 12mo. See
Griswold's Prose Writers of America; Poe's Literati.
6. Washington and his Generals, 1847, 2 vols. 12mo.
South. Lit. Mess., xiii. 316; Amer. Whig Rev., (by G. II.
Colton,) v. 517, 638. 7. Life of Oliver Cromwell, 1848,
12mo. See Democratic Rev., xxii. 333. 8. Sacred Scenes
and Characters, 1849, 8vo and 12mo. 9. The Adirondack;
or, Life in the Woods, 1849. In this work Mr. Headley
relates his explorations in the Adirondack region of the
State of New York. See Lon. Athenæum, 1849, 833-34.
10. Sketches and Rambles, 1850, 12mo. 11. Miscellanies,
1850, 12mo. The authorized edit. is pub. by Scribner.
12. The Old Guard of Napoleon, from Marengo to Water-
loo, 1851, 12mo. This is based principally upon the his-
tory of Emile Marco de St. Hilaire. See Lon. Athenæum,
1852, 1117. 13. Lives of Winfield Scott and Andrew
Jackson, 1852, 12mo. 14. Hist. of the Second War
tween England and the United States, 1853, 2 vols. 12mo.
15. The Sacred Plains of the Bible, 1855, 12mo. This work
was written by J. H. Headley, an Englishman who died
in Buffalo in 1858. 16. Life of General Washington,
N. York, 1857. A uniform ed. of Mr. Headley's Works, in
12 vols., was pub. previously to the appearance of several
of his later productions. So great has been the demand
for his writings that the sale had reached 200,000 vols. up
to 1853. In addition to the criticisms above noticed, the
reader will find further remarks on Mr. Headley's writings
in Amer. Whig Review, vol. ii.; Meth. Quar. Rev., viii.
84; and articles by E. O. Dunning, in New Englander, v.
402; vi. 482.
Headley, Rev. Phineas Camp, b. at Walton,
Delaware county, New York, June 24, 1819, is a brother
of the preceding. 1. Historical and Descriptive Sketches
of the Women of the Bible, Auburn, 1850, 12mo. 2. Life
of the Empress Josephine; new ed., N. York, 1850, 12mo.
3. Life of Lafayette: new ed., 1855, 12mo. 4. Life of
Louis Kossuth, &c., Auburn, 1852, 12mo. 5. Life of Mary,
Queen of Scots, 5th ed., 1856, 12mo. Mr. Headley has
been a contributor to the Christian Parlor Magazine, the
New York Observer, the New York Tribune, the Boston
Traveller, and other periodicals.
Headrick, Rev. James. 1. Mineralogy, Agricul-
ture, Manufactures, &c. of the Island of Arran, Edin.,
1807, 8vo. 2. Agriculture of the County of Angus, or For-
farshire, Lon., 1807, (1813?) Svo.
Hearne, Thomas, 1678-1735, an eminent antiquary,
a native of White-Waltham, Berkshire, educated at Ed-
mund Hall, Oxford, Assistant Librarian of the Bodleian
Library, compiled and edited forty-one works, which he
be-enriched to a greater or less extent by his annotations.
Among the best-known of his publications, which were
principally pub. by subscription at Oxford, are-1. Ductor
Historicus; or, a Short System of Universal History, 1704,
2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed. of vol. i., 1705, Svo; 1714, 2 vols. 8vo;
1724, 2 vols. Svo. Best ed. A good work in its day, but
now superseded. 2. Reliquiæ Bodleianæ, 1703, Svo.
3. Livy, 170S, 6 vols. 8vo. 4. Spelman's Life of Alfred
the Great, 1709, Svo. 5. Leland's Itinerary, 1710–12, 9
vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1744-45, 9 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 1768-70,
9 vols. 8vo. 6. Leland's Collectanea, 1715, 6 vols. Svo.
Editio altera, &c., 1770 vel 1774, 6 vols. Svo. 7. Acta
Apostolorum, 1715, Svo. See Horne's Introduc. to the
Scriptures. S. Titi Livii Foro-Juliensis Vita Henrici
Quinti, Regis Angliæ, 1716, Svo. 9. Aluredi Bevarlacensis
Annales, 1716, Svo. 10. Gulielmi Roperi Vita D. Thomæ
Mori Equitus Aurati, 1716, Svo. 11. Gulielmi Camdeni
Annales Rerum Anglicarum et Hibernicarum Regnante
Elizabetha, 1717, 3 vols. Svo. 12. Gulielmi Neubrigensis
Historia, 1719, 3 vols. 8vo. 13. Thomæ Sprotti Chronica,
1719, Svo. 14. A Collect. of Curious Discourses written
by Eminent Antiquaries upon English Antiq., 1720, Svo;
1765, 2 vols. Svo; 1773, 2 vols. 8vo. This edition has all
the Dissertations contained in the original work, with the
addition of a complete collection of the discourses delivered
by the founders of the Antiquarian Society. New ed., 1829,
2 vols. Svo. This collection contains discourses on the An-
cient Britons, Etymology, Duelling, Money, Epitaphs, &c.
15. Textus Roffensis, 1720, Svo. 16. Roberti de Avesbury
Historia de Mirabilibus Gestis Edwardi III., 1720, Svo.
17. Johannis de Fordun Scotichronicon Genuinum, 1722,
5 vols. 8vo. 18. Hist. and Antiq. of Glastonbury, 1722,
Svo. 19. Hemingi Chartularium Ecclesia Wigormensis,
1723, 2 vols. Svo. 20. Robert of Gloucester's Chronicle,
1724, 2 vols. Svo; 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. 21. Peter Langtoft's
Chronicle, 1725, 2 vols. 8vo; 1810, 2 vols. 8vo. Mr. Bag-
to issue a uniform ed. of Hearne's publications; but the
ster reprinted the two last-named works, and had intended
1728, 2 vols. Svo; 1774, 2 vols. Svo.
project lacked encouragement. 22. Liber Niger Scaccarii,
"The Black Book of the Exchequer, a thing of great note and
curiosity, and the most authentic on record of its kind that we
have for our families, next to Domesday Book."-Hearne to Rich
ardson.
"By far the most scientific of the reports of the Scotch commit-
tees."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
|
Headrick, John. Chymical Secrets, Lon., 1697, 8vo.
Heald, W. M. Letter to Methodists, 1813.
Healde, Thomas, M.D. Profess. works, 1769-1805.
Heale, Wm. An Apologie for Women, &c., Oxf.,
1609, 4to. This is an answer to Gager's ungallant posi-
tion-"That it was lawful for Husbands to beate their
Wives." We have already visited the miserable Gager
with deserved reprehension: see GAGER, WM.
Healey, John. Discovery of a New World, Teuter-
belly, New Land, and Forliana, Lon., Svo. This is a
humorous version of Bishop Hall's Mundus Alter et Idem.
See Lowndes's Bibl. Man.. 890.
Heap, Henry. Serm., Luke xxiii. 42, 43, Lon., 1829,
12mo.
·
Heard, F. F. 1. Duty of Justices of the Peace in
Criminal Prosecutions, by Daniel Davis; 3d ed., revised
and greatly enlarged, Bost., Svo. 2. In conjunction with
Charles R. Train, Precedents of Indictments, Special Pleas,
&c., adapted to Amer. Practice, with Notes, 1855, Svo. A
most valuable work. 3. In conjunction with Edmund
Hastings Bennett, A Selection of Leading Cases in Crimi-
nal Law, with Notes, vol. i., 1856, Svo, pp. 616. This work
should accompany Smith's Leading Cases, and Hare and
Wallace's American Leading Cases: see HARE, J. I. CLARK,
and WALLACE, HORACE BINNEY.
This valuable work contains the account of the first European
who penetrated to the ocean north of America.”—PINKERTON,
It is impossible to read it without feeling a deep interest. and
without reflecting on and cherishing the inestimable blessings of
civilized society."-Lm. Month. Rex.
Heard, Wm. Sentimental Journey to Bath, &c.; a
Descrip. Poem and Miscell. Pieces, Lon., 1778, 4to.
Hearn, Edward. On John xi. 48, Lon., 1844, sm.
Svo.
Hearn, Thomas, M.D. View of the Rise and Pro-
gress of Freedom in Modern Europe, &c., Lon., 1793, Svo.
Hearn, Thomas. Garrison at Portsmouth, 1807.
Hearne, Erasmus. The Antiquarian School; or,
The Antiquarian School; or,
The City Latin Electrified, Lon., 1761, fol.
Hearne or Herne, Samuel. Domus Carthusiana;
un Account of the Charter-House, Lon., 1677, Svo.
Hearne, Samuel, 1745-1792, a native of London,
for some years a midshipman in the Royal Navy under
Lord Hood, on the conclusion of the war entered into the
service of the Hudson's Bay Company, which despatched
•
23. Thomæ Caii Vindiciae Antiquitatis Academiæ Oxon-
iensis, 1730, &c., 1730, 2 vols. 8vo. 24. A Vindic. of those
who took the Oath of Allegiance to King William, 1731, Sro.
Hearne afterwards became a Nonjuror, and this treatise
was published by the opposite party in his lifetime.
The
preface contains a satirical biography of him. The address
to the reader contains some interesting memorials of
Hearne, and bibliographical notices of his works.
In 1737, r. fol., Mr. West had printed, for presents, 50
copies of Ectypa varia ad Historiam Britannicam illus-
trandum, ære olim insculpta studio et cura Thomæ Hearne.
Bindley's copy of this work was sold for £11 118. Many
of Hearne's publications come under our notice in our
accounts of their respective authors. For further infor-
mation concerning this eminent antiquary, see Impartial
Memorials of the Life and Writings of Thomas Hearne,
M.A., by several Hands, Lon., 1736, 8vo; Lives of Leland,
Hearne, and Wood, Oxf., 1772, 2 vols. r. Svo; Biog. Brit.;
Dibdin's bibliographical publications; Letters by Eminent
Brit. Lib.; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.; Gent. Mag. lvii., lviii.,
Persons; Gough's Brit. Topog.: Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Oldys's
Ixix.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.: BLISS, PHILIP, D.D., D.C.L.
lu some comments upon the investigations into ancient
English historical treasures, Gibbon remarks:
"The last who has dug deep into the mine was Thomas Hearne,
ing. His minute and obscure diligence, bis voracious and undis-
a clerk of Oxford, poor in fortune. and, indeed, poor in understand-
tinguisl.ing appetite, and the coarse vulgarity of his taste and
813
HEA
HEB
style, have exposed him to the ridicule of idle wits. Yet it cannot
be denied that Thomas Hearne has gathered many gleanings of
the harvest; and, if his own prefaces are filled with crude and
extraneous matter, his editions will always be recommended by
their accuracy and use.”—An Address, etc.: Miscell, Works, ed. 1837,
807.
Among the "idle wits" who made Hearne the "butt of
their clumsy ridicule," the most famous is Pope, who ho-
nours Thomas with a place in the Dunciad :
"But who is he, in closet close ypent,
Of sober face, with learned dust besprent?
Kight well mine eyes arede the myster wight,
On parchment scraps y-fed and WORMIUS hight."
See Dibdin's Bibliomania, ed. 1842, 326-336.
Hearne, Urban, M.D. Lake Wetter; Phil. Trans.,
1705.
Heart, Major Jonathan. Observ. on the Ancient
Works of Art, the Native Inhabitants, &c. of the Western
Country: Trans. Amer. Soc., vol. iii. 214.
1. ¦
Heartwell, Henry. The Prisoner; a Comic Opera,
from the French, Lon., 1799, Svo. See Biog. Dramat.
Heasel, Anthony. Servants' Book, Lon., 1773, Svo.
Heath, Benjamin, d. 1766, Recorder of Exeter.
Divine Existence. Unity, and Attributes, 1740. 2. Nota
sive Lectiones ad Tragicorum Græcorum veterum Æschyli,
&c., 1752, 62, 64, 4to. The principal object of this es-
teemed work is to restore the metre of the Greek Tragic
Poets. 3. Excise-Duty on Cyder and Perry, 1763, 4to. 4.
A Revival of Shakespeare's Text, 1765, Svo. 5. Heath |
and Stoddart's Shakespeare, 1807, 6 vols. 4to. See Nichols's
Lit. Anec.; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.
Heath, Charles. 1. Descrip. Accounts of Persfield
and Chepstow, Monmouth, 1793, 8vo. 2. Tintern Abbey,
1793. 1806, Sro. 3. Ragland Castle, 1801, '06, Svo. 4.
Hist. of Monmouth, 1804, Svo. 5. Excursion down the
Wye, 1808, Svo.
Heath, Charles, d. 1848, gained great reputation by
his Books of Beauty and other annuals, the Caricature
Scrap-Book, Shakspeare Gallery, Waverley Gallery, and
many series of splendid engravings. See Southey's Life
and Correspondence; Lon. Athenæum, Nov. 25, 1848.
Heath, D. J., Vicar of Brading, Isle of Wight. 1.
Scottish and Italian Missions to the Anglo-Saxons, Lon.,
1845, r. Svo.
1.
2. The Future Human Kingdom of Christ,
1852-53, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. Exodus Papyri, with Chronolo-
gical Introduction by Miss F. Corbaux, 1855, Svo.
Heath, Douglass D. See ELLIS, R. LESLIE.
Heath, Rev. George. Hist. of Bristol, 1797, Svo.
Heath, J. Trans. of P. Du Moul's troisièsme livre
de l'Accomplissement des Prophéties, Oxon., 1613, Svo.
Heath, James, 1629-1664, a native of London, edu-
cated at Christ Church, Oxford. 1. A Brief Chronicle of
the late Intestine War in the three Kingdoms of England,
Scotland, and Ireland, Lon., 1661, Svo. Afterwards en-
larged and completed from 1637 to 1663. 4 Pts., 1633, in
a thick Svo vol. With a continuation from 1663 to 1675,
by John Phillips, Milton's nephew, 1675, fol. Another
ed., continued to 1691, fol. Heath's Chronicle is princi-
pally valued for its portraits, and copies have been sold
at very high prices. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 898-899.
See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 898-899.
The work gave great offence to the High Church party in
England. Wood thus expresses his indignation:
Some copies have in them the pictures of the most eminent
soldiers in the said war, which makes the book valued the more
by some novices. [Unkind cut at the Grangerites!] But this
Chronicle being mostly compiled from lying pamphlets and all sorts
of news-books, there are innumerable errors therein, especially as to
name and time, things chiefly required in history."-Alhen. Ozim.
"James Heath, whose wretchedly-printed, but by no means
wholly useless, performance, seems to have been put forth rather
as a vehicle for cuts of the sorriest possible description.”—Dibdin's
Lib. Comp.
2. Elegy upon Dr. Thomas Fuller, 1661. 3. Restoration
of Charles II., 1662, Svo. 4. Elegy on Dr. Sanderson,
Bishop of Lincoln, 1662. 5. Flagellum; or, The Life
and Death, Birth and Burial, of Oliver Cromwell, the late
Usurper, 1663, 8vo; 3d ed., 1665, Svo; 4th ed., 1669, 8vo.
Also in 1672, Svo, and in 1679, 8vo. 6. English Martyrs
and Confessors, 1663, 12mo. 7. Survey of the United
Netherlands, &c., 12mo.
..
"Ile was a good school-scholar, had a command of his Eng. and
Lat. pen, but wanted a head for a chronologer, and was esteemed
by some as a tolerable poet.”—Athen. Oxım.
See also Letters by Eminent Persons, 1813, 3 vols. 8vo.
8. Englan 1's Chronicle; or, the Reigns of the Kings and
Queens to the present Reign of King William and Queen
Mary, 1691, Svo.
Heath, John, Fellow of New Coll., Oxf., b. 1588, at
Stalls, Somersetshire. Two Centuries of Epigrammes,
Lon., 1610, 12mo. Sir M. M. Sykes, Pt. 1, 1426, £2 98.;
Bindley, Pt. 2, 150, £9 98.
Heath, John. Trans. from the Frez ch of Bonde.
loque's System of Midwifery, Lon., 1790, 3. vols. 8vo.
Heath, Nicholas. Speech, when Lord-Chancellor
in 1555, on account of the Supremacy, 1688, Svo.
Lord Campbell's Lives of the Lord-Chancellors, &c.
Sco
Heath, Robert. Clarestella; together with Poems,
occasional Elegies, Epigrams, Satyrs, Lon., 1650, 12mo.
Bindley, Pt. 2, 449, £3 38.; Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 351, £4.
"Nothing can be more low or ludicrous than the most of the
occasions which Heath thought worthy of being celebrated in song,
provided they happened to his mistress. Clarastella could not lose
her black tan, get à cold. or get dust in her eye, but Mr. Heath was
straight at her feet with a copy of verses in his hand.”—Retro-
spective Rev., 1820. ii. 227-238, q. v.
Heath, Sir Robert. Maxims and Rules of Pleading
in Actions. Lon., 1694, Svo. The best eds. are by Timothy
Cunningham, 1771, '94, 4to.
Heath, Robert. 1. Account of the Islands of Scilly
and Cornwall. Lon., 1749, Svo. Reprinted in Pinkerton's
Voyages and Travels, vol. ii.
"An honest detail of facts, giving a fair view of the importance
of these Islands to England.”
2. Astronomia Accurata, 1760, 4to.
Heath, Thomas. Stenography, Lon., 1664, 8vo.
Heath, Thomas, of Exeter, brother of Benjamin
Heath, (sec ante.) An Essay towards a new English Version
of the Book of Job, from the Hebrew, with a Comment.,
&c., Lon., 1756, 4to.
•
This is one of the numerous productions caused or occasioned
by the Warburton controversy.... It is, on the whole, a respect-
able performance, though the hypothesis respecting its [the Book
of Job's age and author, and some of the sentiments, will not be
generally adopted.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib., q. v.
"It is but justice to this new Essay upon Job, to observe that
the translation is in many places very different from that in com-
mon use; and that. in the notes, there are many observations en-
tirely new.-all of them ingenious, and many of them true."-Lon.
Month. Rev.. O. S., xiv. 156.
Heath, William, 1737-1814, a native of Roxbury,
Mass., was a major-general in the American Revolutionary
army. Memoirs, containing Anecdotes, Details of Skir-
mishes, Battles, and other Military Events, during the Ame-
rican War, Bost., 1798, 8vo.
Heathcoat, Robert.
Heathcot, Thomas,
1681; Phil. Trans., 1682. 2.
1794.
Poems, 1813, 12mo.
1. Lunar Eclipse, Aug. 19,
Tide on the Coast of Guinea,
&c.; Phil. Trans., 1684.
Heathcote. Letter to the Lord-Mayor, 1762, Svo.
Heathcote, Charles. Corporation and Test Acts,
5.
6.
Heathcote, Ralph, D.D., 1721-1795, a native of
Barrow-upon-Soar, Leicestershire, educated at Jesus Coll.,
Camb.; Vicar of Barkby, Leicestershire, 1748; Assistant
Preacher of Lincoln's Inn, 1753; Vicar of Sileby, 1765;
Rector of Sawtry-all-Saints, 1766; Preb. of Southwell,
1768. 1. Ilistoria Astronomia, Camb., 1746, 47, Svo. 2.
Cursory Animadversions upon the Middletonian Contro-
3. Remarks upon Dr. Chapman's
versy in General, 1752.
Charge, 1752. 4. Letter to Rev. T. Fothergill, 1753.
Sketch of Lord Bolingbroke's Philosophy, 1755, Svo.
Reason in Religion, 1755, Svo. 7. Defence of ditto, 1756,
Svo. 8. Serm., 1757, Svo. 9. Concio Academien, 1759,
4to. 10. Discourse on the Being of God, against Atheists:
Two eds. These two are all of
in two Serms., 1763, 4to.
Heathcote's 24 Boyle Serms. (1763-64) which he pub. 11.
Lett. to Horace Walpole, 1767, 12mo. 12. Irenarch: or,
Justice of the Peace's Manual, 1771, 74, '81, Svo. 13. Elec-
tion for Leicester, 1775. 14. In conjunction with Joha
Nichols, A New Edition of the Biographical Dictionary,
1784, 12 vols. 8vo. He contributed some articles to this
work, and some to the first ed. of the Biog. Dict.
Heathfield, Richard, pub. two tracts on the Na-
tional Debt of Great Britain and Ireland, Lon., 1820, both
8vo; for an account of which see McCulloch's Lit. of Polit.
Econ., 337; Blackwood's Mag., vi. 441.
Heaton, William. The Old Soldier, The Wandering
Lover, and other Poems; together with a Sketch of the
Author's Life, Lon., 1858. See Lon. Athen.. 1858, Pt. 2, 226.
Hebbes, Thomas. Serms., Lon., 1802, 8vo. Posth.
Hebdon, Returne. Guide to the Godly, 1648, 12mo.
Heber, Reginald, 1728-1804, a native of Marton,
Yorkshire, Fellow of Brasenose College, Rector of Hodnet.
1. An Elegy written among the Tombs in Westminster
Abbey, 1762. Printed in Dodsley's Poems. 2. Verses to
King George III. on his Accession. Among the Oxford
Poems, 1761.
Heber, Reginald, D.D., April 21, 1783-April 3,
1826, son of the preceding, was a native of Malpas, Che
shire, and educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, where
he distinguished himself by his Latin Poem, Carmen Se-
814
HEB
HEB
:
See article entitled "Psalmody," in Lon. Quar. Rev.,
xxxviii. 16-53.
culare his English poem of Palestine, and a prose essay difficult to find any thing superior to them in the range of lyric
of great merit, entitled The Sense of Honour. After leav-poetry. They have the home truth of Watts, but rank much
ing college, he travelled for some time in Germany, Russia, of that great benefactor of youth; and all the devotion of Wesley
¦ higher, as literary compositions, than the Moral and Divine Songs
the Crimea, &c., and, on his return, was in 1807 admitted or Keble, without their languor and diffuse verbosity. Heber
to holy orders, and subsequently received the family living always writes like a Christian scholar, and never finds it necessary
of Hodnet. In 1809 he was married to Amelia, daughter to lower his tone on account of his subject."-D. M. MOIR: ubi
of Dr. Shipley, Dean of St. Asaph. In 1822 he was elected supra.
to the office of Preacher to Lincoln's Inn, and in the next delusion which hangs, like a cold spell, over many minds of much
The hymns thus given to the world will help to dissipate that
year he succeeded Dr. Middleton in the Bishopric of Cal-feeling and understanding.-that not much is to be expected from
cutta. In this vast diocese he laboured with great zeal a poetical vein applied to religious subjects."-— Black wood's Mag.,
and success, until cut off by an apoplectic fit whilst bath- xxii. 617-633.
ing, April 3, 1826, in his 43d year. He was a man of
extensive learning, great elegance of taste, untiring energy,
and profound piety. As a poet, his Palestine, and his
translations from Pindar, deservedly place him in a high
rank; his Biblical attainments were evinced by his con-
templated Bible Dictionary, many articles of which had
been long prepared at the time of his death; his powers
of description are admirably manifested in his Journal of,
a Tour in India; and his Life of Bishop Taylor, an ex-
cellent edition of his works, prove his qualifications as a
biographer and an editor. 1. Palestine; a Poem: to
which is added The Passage of the Red Sea; a Fragment,
1809, 4to. Frequently reprinted. Palestine gained an
Oxford Prize in 1802, when the author was but nineteen
years of age.
"Such a poem, composed at such an age. has indeed some. but
not many, parallels in our language. Its copious diction. its per
fect numbers, its images so well chosen. diversified so happily, and
treated with so much discretion and good taste. and, above all. the
ample knowledge of Scripture, and of writings illustrative of
Scripture, displayed in it.—all these things might have seemed to
bespeak the work of a man who had been long chusing and be
gun late,' rather than of a stripling of nineteen."-Lon. Quur.
Rev., xxxv. 451.
•
"It is the fashion to undervalue Oxford and Cambridge Prize
Poems; but it is a stupid fashion. Many of them are most beau
tiful. Heber's Palestine! A flight. as upon Angel's wing, over the
Holy Land! How fine the opening!
(C
See an article in Amer. Quar. Rev., iv. 271.
2. Europe: Lines on the Present War, 1809, Svo. Re-
printed, with Palestine, The Passage of the Red Sea,
translations from Pindar, and some miscellaneous verses,
in 1812, sm. Svo. Of Heber's Poetical Works there have
been a number of eds., and several within the last few
years; 5th ed., Lon., 1855, fp. Svo.
“Although more vigorous and elaborate, it [Europe] wants the
freshness and the salient points of his earlier one [Palestine]; and,
although not derogatory to, did not enhance, his reputation.'
D. M. MOIR: ubi supra.
>>
Reft of thy sons! amid thy foes forlorn,
Mourn, widow'd Queen! forgotten Zion, mourn."
CHRISTOPHER NORTH: Noctes Ambros., No. 22.
"Fine as some of these [Oxford] prize poems have unquestion-
ably been, more especially Porteus's Death. Glyun's Day of Judg
ment. Grant's Restoration of Learning, and Wrangham's Holy
Land, still, it is doubtful whether IIeber has been equalled either
by any preceding or succeeding competitor. It is admirably sus-
tained throughout; and indeed the passages relating to the build-
ing of the Temple, and to the scenes on Calvary, pass from the
magnificent almost into the sublime."-D. M. MOIR: Poet. Lit. of
the Past Half-Century.
On the other hand, Mr. Southey considers Palestine to
have elicited more laudation than it can justly claim:
"As a poet he could not have supported the reputation which
his Palestine obtained, for it was greatly above its deserts, and the
character of the poem, moreover, was not hopeful; it was too nicely
fitted to the taste of the age. Poetry should have its lights and
shades, like painting; like music, its sink and swell, its relief and
its repose. So far as the piece was intended for success in a com-
petition for a prize. and for effect in public recitation, it was cer-
tainly judiciously done to make every line tell upon the ear. But
to all such poetry the motto under one of Quarles's Emblems may
be applied: Tinnit, inane est.”—Letter to Henry Taylor, July 10, |
1830: Southey's Life and Corresp.
3. The Personality and Office of the Christian Comforter
asserted and explained: Serms. at the Bampton Lectures,
1815, Svo, 1816; 2d ed., 1818, 8vo. Included are two
Lectures on the Inspiration of the New Testament.
“Very learned, but not so experimental and devotional as might
have been wished. There are beautiful views of the subject. com-
bined with some speculative and fanciful notions."-Bickersteth's
Chris. Stu.
"We venture to assure those readers who form their anticipa-
tions of the merit of this production from the established character
of the author of Palestine, that they will not be disappointed in
the actual perusal.”—Lon. Quar. Rev., xvii. 33S–347.
4. Hymns written and adapted to the Weekly Church
Service of the Year, principally by Bishop Heber, 1827.
Fifty-eight by the Bishop; several by the Rev. H. H. Mil-
man; the others by Bishop Ken, Bishop Taylor, Watts,
Pope, Cowper, Addison, Tate, Brady, Sir Walter Scott,
&c.; 11th ed., 1842, 18mo.
+
These Hymns have been by far the most popular of his pro-
ductions, and deservedly so; for in purity and elevation of senti-
ment, in simple pathos, and in eloquent earnestness, it would be
J
5. Sermons Preached in England. 1829, Svo. 6. Sermona
Lessons, the Gospel. or the Epistle, for every Sunday in
Preached in India, 1829, 8vo. 7. Parish Sermons: on the
the Year and for Week-day Festivals, preached in the
Parish Church of Hodnet, Salop, 1837, 3 vols. 8vo; 5th
ed., 1844, 2 vols. 8vo.
“I believe that these Sermons will add a new interest and lustre
to the name of Reginald Heber, and will awaken a fresh regret
for his loss."—Sir Robert Inglis's Preface.
"He was a man of great reading, and in his Bampton Lectures
has treated a most important part of the Christian faith with great
learning and ability. His other published sermons are such that
impressive preacher he ever heard."-Robert Southey's Letter to
I am not surprised my brother Henry should think him the most
Henry Taylor, July 10, 1830: Suthey's Life and Corresp.
See an article by F. W. P. Greenwood, in Chris. Exam.,
vii. 212; and one in Southern Rev., iv. 241.
8. A Journey through India, from Calcutta to Bombay,
with Notes upon Ceylon, and a Journey to Madras and the
Southern Provinces, 1828, 2 vols. 4to; 1828, 3 vols. Svo;
1844, 2 vols. 12mo. Sold for Mrs. Heber by Sir Robert
Inglis for £5000.
This is another book for Englishmen to be proud of. . . . Ile
surveys every thing with the vigilance and delight of a cultivated
and most active intellect, with the eye of an artist, an antiquary,
and a naturalist,-the feelings and judgment of an English gentle
man and scholar,-the sympathies of a most humane and gene-
rous man, and the piety, charity, and humility of a Christian.
Independently of its moral attraction, we are induced to think it,
on the whole, the most instructive and important publication that
has ever been given to the world on the actual state and condition
of our Indian Empire."-LORD JEFFREY: Elin. Rev., xlviii. 312-335.
"It forms a monument of talent. sufficient, single and alone, to
establish its author in a very high rank of English literature. It
is one of the most delightful books in the language; and will, we
cannot doubt, command popularity as extensive and lasting as
any book of travels that has been printed in our time. Certainly
no work of its class that has appeared since Dr. Clarke's can be
compared to it for variety of interesting matter, still less for ele
gance of execution. . He possessed the eye of a painter and the
pen of a poet: a mind richly stored with the literature of Europe,
both ancient and modern."-Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxvii. 100-147.
•
One of the most perfectly charming books of travel we ever
read; gentle, tolerant, humane, and full of wisdom; a religious
book in the best sense of the word, because full of charity. It is
lively without effort, and abounds in valuable judgments of men
and things, without one harsh, sarcastic or illiberal word. We
envy those who have it now in their power to read for the first
time Bishop Heber's Indian Journal.”—Lon. Examiner. ·
6.
Delightful contributions. full of benevolent feeling, simple,
beautiful delineations. and varied and gratifying details of official
labours.”—Lon. Evangelical Mag.
·
•
·
“Ilas all the charm of romance with the sterling value of truth.
It is eminently the most Christian-because the most charitable
and tolerant—work of the kind ever written. Residents in India
have repeatedly borne testimony to the fidelity of its notices of
men and things.”—Orford Herald.
61
Bishop Heber's charming Indian Journal.”—Camb, Chrome'e.
See Blackwood's Mag.. xxii. 789; xxxiii. 785; British
Critic, iv. 200. The reader should add to Heber's Indian
Journal, Letters from Madras in 1836, or First Impressions
of Life and Manners in India, by a Lady, Lon., 1846, cr. Svo.
9. The Whole Works of Bishop Jeremy Taylor, with a
Life of the Author, and a Critical Examination of his
Writings, 1822, 15 vols. 8vo; 1828, 15 vols. 8vo; 1839, 15
vols. Svo. Revised by Charles Page Eden, 1847-54, 19
vols. 8vo. Heber's Life of Bishop Taylor has been sepa-
rately pub., 1824, 2 vols. 8vo; 1828, Svo.
"A charming and instructive piece of biography. . . . Written
with all the glow of poetical feeling, and all the elegance of refined
scholarship."-DR. DIBDIN: Lib. Comp. See Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxv,
455.
10. Bishop Heber's Life, by his Widow; with his Corro-
spondence with Eminent Literary Characters, Miscella
neous Papers and Poems, and an Account of his Travels
in Russia, Norway, &c., 1830, 2 vols. 4to. With this work
must be perused The Last Days of Bishop Heber, by
Domestic Chaplain to his Lordship, 1830, Svo.
Thomas Robinson, A.M., Archdeacon of Madras, and late
works are reviewed in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xliii. 366-411;
The two
Edin. Rev., lii. 431–471; Lon. Month. Rev., exxii. 517–
529. See also British Critic, viii. 438; Fraser's Mag.. ii
121; article by R. Robins in the Chris. Quar. Spec., iii. 227
815
HEB
HEC
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
|
Lon. Gent. Mag., Nov. 1826; Essays on the Lives of Cow-
per, Newton, and Heber; or, an Examination of the Course
of Nature being interrupted by the Divine Government,
1830, Svo; Jamieson's Cyc. of Religious Biography;
Lives of Heber, by Bonner, by Taylor, and an abridgment
of Mrs. Heber's Memoir by a clergyman, Bost., 1856, Svo.
A specimen perhaps the earliest extant - of Heber's
poetical powers, entitled The Whippiad, a Satirical Poem,
will be found in Blackwood's Mag., July, 1843. Many
extracts from Heber's MS. Journal while travelling in the
Northern countries of Europe were incorporated by Dr.
E. D. Clarke into his travels in Germany, Russia, &c. Nor
should we omit to mention that Heber was one of the con-
tributors to the London Quarterly Review. Heber de-¡
signed writing a work on Seythia; but clerical duties
prevented the completion of this project.
The character of this estimable man has been drawn in
such eloquent language by a late eminent critic, that we
cannot do better than quote his glowing tribute,-equally
honourable to himself and to the subject of his eulogy:
·
**Learned, polished, and dignified. he was undoubtedly; yet far
more conspicuously kind. humble, tolerant, and laborious-zeal-
ous for his church too, and not forgetful of his station; but re-
membering it more for the duties than for the honours that were
attached to it. and infinitely more zealous for the religious im-
provement, and for the happiness and spiritual and worldly good
of his fellow-creatures of every tongue, faith and complexion ;—in-
dulgent to all errors and infirmities;-liberal, in the best and
truest sense of the word;-humble, and conscientiously diffident
of his own excellent judgment and never-failing charity-looking
on all men as the children of one God, on all Christians as the
redeemed of one Saviour, and on all Christian teachers as fellow-
labourers, bound to help and encourage each other in their arduous
and anxious task."-LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Rev., xlviii. 314.
Heber, Richard, M.P., 1773-1833, half-brother to
the preceding, who was by his father's second wife, was
also educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, where he was
distinguished for his classical attainments. No other evi-
dence of this assertion is needed than his edition of Silius
Italicus, (1792, 2 vols. 12mo,) pub. when he was a youth
of nineteen, and his Claudiani Carmina, printed (but not
pub.) in 1793, 2 vols. 12mo. The latter was not entirely
completed by Heber; but the last five leaves of the second
vol., with the title and address, were supplied by the late
Rev. Henry Drury, and recently the work has been put
in the market. Mr. Heber's original design was to issue
edits. of such of the Latin poets as were not printed in
Barbour's collection. The abatement of his classical zeal
so far at least as regards this congenial project—is not
a little surprising. Mr. Heber also pub. an edit. of Brews-
ter's trans. of Persius, with the Latin text, and superin-
tended the publication of the 3d edit. of Ellis's specimens
of the English Poets. From 1821 to 1826 he represented
the University of Oxford in Parliament.
Here perhaps we might pass on to the next article with-
out censure, so far as the general reader is concerned; but
what BIBLIOMANIAC would forgive us did we omit to pay
a passing tribute to Richard Heber as the most voracious
HELLUO LIBRORUM in the annals of bibliography? The
passion of book-collecting first developed itself in Richard
Heber when he was but a child, and it "grew with his
growth and strengthened with his strength." As library
after library was dispersed under the haminer, Heber added
their choicest treasures to his own enormous collection,
until he could call himself master of many of the coveted
tomes which had once graced the shelves of Dr. Farmer,
Isanc Reed, J. Brand, George Steevens, the Duke of Rox-
burghe, James Bindley, Benj. Heath, J. Perry, G. Wake-
field, J. Kemble, E. Malone, R. Wilbraham, J. Dent, Dr.
Gosset, Sir M. M. Sykes, and many others.
"On hearing of a curions book, he has been known to put him-
self into the mail-coach, and travel three, four, or five hundred
miles to obtain it, fearful to entrust his commission to a letter."
Thus did the indefatigable Heber add book to book, and
manuscript to manuscript, until, one day, Death-that re-
morseless disperser of libraries-summoned the owner of
this vast collection of literary wealth; and Richard Heber
fell "in the harness," still striving after "rare copies" and
"early editions." The inventory of his treasures is thus
briefly told:
|
The cost of this immense stock of books and manuscripts
may be estimated at about £180,000,―more than $800,000;
and this without any estimate for the loss of interest on
the investment. After Heber's death, the books in Eng-
land were confided to the care of Messrs. Payne and Foss,
and sold at auction by Sotheby and Son, Mr. Evans, and
Mr. Wheatley.
Mr. Wheatley. The net proceeds of the sale were about
£55,000. If we suppose that the 3632 vols. brought from
Holland and subsequently sold by Wheatley in London,
the books in Paris, and elsewhere on the Continent, and
the MSS., coins, and drawings sold in London, produced a
net result of £10,000 additional, we have aggregate re-
ceipts of £65,000 against £180,000 expenditure, or a loss
of about half a million of dollars, exclusive of interest!
Here indeed we have the development of the Bibliomn-
nia in its most furious type. What an amount of ignorance
might have been enlightened, vice reformed, sorrow com
forted, and misery gladdened, by the judicious application
of this vast sum! The collecting of books to a certain
extent is laudable, and to be encouraged; but such enor-
mous private accumulations tend rather to lock up know-
ledge than to diffuse it.
"Some years ago he built a new library at his house at Iodnet,
which is said to be full. His residence in Pimlico, where he died,
is filled, like Magliabecchi's at Florence, with books from the top to
the bottom :-every chair, every table, every passage containing
piles of erudition. He had another house in York-street, leading
to Great James-street, Westminster, laden from the ground-floor
to the garret with curious books. IIe had a library in the High-
street, Oxford, an immense library at Paris, another at Antwerp,
another at Brussels, another at Ghent, and at other places in the
Low Countries and in Germany. In short, there is neither end
nor measure to his literary stores."-Obituary notice in Gent. Mag.,
Jun. 1834.
816
Dr. Dibdin estimates Heber's collections in England to
have contained about 105,000 vols.; but, not satisfied with
a loose estimate, we-some years before we fell into this
habit of writing Dictionaries-made a careful computation,
and find the result to be as follows:
Books in collections in England, vols. about........ ..113,195
Brought from Holland…….....
3.632
Boulard's Library, purchased by Heber in Paris........ 30,000
146,827
To this number is to be added a large quantity of
pamphlets, bound and unbound. The number of the
days consumed by the London sale was no less than 216.
How many more books Mr. Heber possessed in various
parts of Europe, at the time of his death, we have no
means of knowing; but the volumes already enumerated
exceed by about fifty per cent. the contents of the largest
library in America.
Much more we might discourse of Richard Heber,-the
famous Atticus of Dibdin's Bibliomania,- the beloved
friend of Scott, who has immortalized him in the Intro-
duction to Marmion, the generous lender of scarce
volumes to needy scholars and black-letter editors; but
respecting these matters we must refer the reader to Dib-
din's Decameron, Bibliomania, Library Companion, &c.;
Gentleman's Magazine, January, 1834; Southey's Life
and Correspondence; Lockhart's Life of Scott; and see
DIBDIN, THOMAS FROGNALL, D.D.; FERRIAR, JOHN, M.D.
Con. on nat. philos., astronomy, &c. to Phil. Trans., 1751,
Heberden, Thomas, M.D., Physician at Madeira.
'65, 67, 70; on the Elephantinis, to Med. Trans., 1768.
Heberden, William, M.D., 1710-1801, an eminent
John's Coll., Camb., practised first at Edinburgh, and sub-
English physician, a native of London, educated at St.
sequently, from 1746-1801, in London. In addition to his
Essay on Mithridatium and Theriaca, (Lon., 1745, 8vo,) and
profess. papers in Phil. Trans., Med. Transac., and Med.
Obs. and Inq., (1750-85,) he left in MS. the following im-
portant work, pub. by his son: Commentarii de Morborum
Historia et Curatione, Lon., 1802, Svo. Also pub. in Eng-
lish, at the same time, Cura Soemmerring, Frank., 1804, Svo.
A new ed. has recently been pub. in Phila. This valuable
work contains 102 articles in alphabetical order, the results
of observations made at the bedsides of his patients. He
was a man of profound piety, and greatly esteemed by all
classes of men.
—
"Dr. Heberden was one of the best classical scholars of his time,
and one of the most perfectly-instructed medical men England
has ever possessed.”—Dr. McCONNECHY.
Heberden, William, Jr., M.D., son of the preced-
ing. 1. The Plague, &c., Lon., 1801, 8vo. An Examina-
tion of this work was pub. by Wm. Falconer, M.D., Bath,
1802, 8vo. 2. Morborum Puerilium Epitome, Lon., 1804,
8vo. In English, by J. Smith, M.D., 1806, 12mo.
In
English, by the author, 1807, 8vo. 3. Oratio Harveiana,
1809, 4to. 4. Con. to Med. Trans., 1$13, '15.
Heck, Caspar John. Complete System of Harmony,
Lon., 4to.
Heckwelder, Rev. John, 1743-1810, a Moravian
missionary, a native of Bedford, England, laboured for
many years with great zeal among the Delaware Indians.
He was persuaded by Dr. Wistar to give the results of his
observations to the world. The following appeared in
Trans. of the Hist. and Literary Committee of the Amer.
Phil. Soc., Phila., vol. i.:
1. An Account of the History, Manners, and Customs
HEC
HEL
+
of the Indian Nations who once inhabited Pennsylvania
and the neighbouring States, pp. 350. This was trans.
into English by P. S. Duponceau, and pub. at Paris, 1822,
8vo, pp. 571. 2. Correspondence betwen Mr. Heckwelder
and Mr. Duponceau on the Languages of the American
Indians, pp. 100. 3. Words, Phrases, and Short Dialogues
in the Language of the Lenni Lenape, pp. 16. Mr. Heck-
welder also puh. (4.) A Narrative of the Mission of the
United Brethren among the Delaware and Mohegan In-
dians, from 1740 to 1808, interspersed with Anecdotes,
Historical Facts, Speeches of Indians, &c., 1820, 4to;
some papers in Barton's Medical Journal; and several on
natural history, in Trans. Amer. Soc., vols. iv., vi., and
xii. His account of the Indians excited considerable at-
tention, and was favourably received by Nathan Hale, in
the North American Review, ix. 155-178, and by J. Pick-
ering, in the same periodical, ix. 179-187; it was unfavour-
ably noticed, with the admission of some merits, by General
Lewis Cass, in the same journal, xxii. 64; xxvi. 357–403.
It was also attacked by John Penington, an intelligent
antiquary of Philadelphia, in a Review of Yates and
Moulton's History of New York, pub. in the United States
Review, January, 1834. There also appeared upon this
subject A Vindication of the Rev. Mr. Heckwelder's His-
tory of the Indian Nations, by Wm. Rawle; read at a
Meeting of the Council of the Historical Society of Penn-
sylvania, Feb. 15, 1826. Pub. in the Memoirs of the So- Heely, Joseph. 1. Letters on the Beauties of Hag-
ciety, vol. i. Pt. 2. This paper is noticed by General Cassley, Envil, and the Leasowes, &c., Lon., 1777, 2 vols.
in his article in N. Amer. Rev., xxvi. 357-403. As a spe- 12mo. 2. Descrip. of Hagley Park, 1777, 8vo.
cimen of the decided difference of opinion respecting
Heckwelder's History entertained by two of the eminent
authorities above cited, two brief extracts will suffice:
"The work abounds in facts and anecdotes, calculated not
merely to entertain the reader, but to lay open. in the most au-
thentic and satisfactory manner, the character and condition of
this people. There is no other work extant, in which this design
has been so extensively adopted, or in which the object is so fully
accomplished. There is no work upon the North American In-
dians which can bear any comparison with it for the means of
correct information possessed by the author, or for the copiousness
of its details."-NATHAN HALE: N. Amer. Rex, ix. 178.
But audi alteram partem :
"His account is a pure unmixed panegyric. The most idle
traditions of the Indians with him become sober history: their
superstition is religion; their indolence, philosophical indifference
or pious resignation; their astonishing improvidence, hospitality;
and many other defects in their character are converted into the
corresponding virtues. And Mr. Rawle is not the only respectable
writer who has been deceived by these partial representations.
No one can look upon the passing literature of the day without
being sensible of the effect upon the public mind which has been
produced by this worthy old missionary."-GENERAL LEWIS CASS:
N. Amer. Rev.. xxvi. 366-367.
|
Mer. Mag., xix. 41. A review of one of Dr. Hedge's Dis-
courses, by George S. Hillard, will be found in Chris.
Exam., xvii. 169.
See also a review of the work, by Rev. W. H. Furness,
in Chris. Ex.m., and one by D. R. Jac ues, in Hunt's
$2
Dr. Hedge has also given to the world A Christian
Liturgy for the Use of the Church, Bost., 1856, 12mo.
Hedge, Levi, 1767-1843, a native of Warwick, Mass.,
father of the preceding, was from 1810 to 1827 Professor
of Logic and Metaphysics in Harvard University. A
System of Logic, 1818, 18mo. This work has passed
through several eds., and been trans. into German.
Hedgecock, Thomas. Longitude, 1815, fol.
Hedgeland, Mrs. Isabella, formerly Mrs. Kelly,
pub. several novels and poems, 1795-1813; a Child's French
Grammar, 1805; and Literary Information; consisting of
Anecdotes, Explanations, and Derivations, 1811, 12mo.
Hedges, Sir Charles, LL.D., d. 1714. Admiralty
Jurisdiction, &c., 1692, 4to. Anon.
Hedges, Rev. John.
Aug. 1763, Lon., 1763, 4to.
Hedges, Phineas. Strictures on the Elementa
Medicine of Brown, Goshen, 1795, 12mo.
Hedlamb, J. Expos. on the Romans, 1579, 8vo.
Hedley, Wm. Arithmetic, &c., 1779, Svo.
A Descrip. of the Storm,
|
Hedly, Thomas. The Banishment of Cupid. Trans.
out of Italian into English, Lon., 1587, 8vo. Also sine
anno.
|
Hegge, Robert, 1599-1629, educated at Christ
Church College, Oxford. 1. The Legend of St. Cuthbert,
with the Antiq. of the Church of Durham; pub. by B. R.,
Esq., Lon., 1663, Svo. This is not printed correctly from
the MS. 2. In Aliquot Sacræ Pagina Lectiones, 1647,
Svo. Pub. by John Hall, author of Hora Vacivæ, &c.
Hegge left some serms., verses, &c. in MS.
"L
A prodigy of his time for forward and good natural parts."-
Athen. Ozon.. q. V.
Heighway, Osborn W. Trenery. 1. Leila Ada,
the Jewish Convert; an Authentic Memoir, 2d ed., Lon.,
1852, fp. Svo. 2. Select Extracts from the Diary, Cor-
respondence, &c. of Leila Ada, 1854. 3. Adeline; or, the
Mysterious Romance and Realities of Jewish Life, 1854.
See Lon. Athenæum, 1854, 652, 653. 4. The Relatives
of Leila Ada, 1856. Resp. this author see Athen., 1857.
Heiland, Samuel. Aristotelis Ethica, Lat., Lon.,
1581, 8vo; Lips., 1594, Sro.
Heine, Wm. Graphic Scenes in the Japan Expedition,
by W. Heine, artist of the Expedition, N. York, 1856. Illus-
trated.
See also Amer. Jour. of Science, xxxi. 60; and the Life
of Heckwelder, by E. Rondthaler, Phila., 1847, 12mo.
Heckford, Wm. 1. Characters, or, Historical Anec-monized, Reading, 1759, Sro.
dotes of all the Kings and Queens of England, Lon.,
1789, 12mo. 2. Religions and Sects in the World, 1792.
Hedge, Frederick Henry, D.D., b. in Cambridge,
Mass., Dec. 5, 1805, is a son of the late Professor Levi
Hedge, of Harvard University. From 1818 to 1823 he
resided in Germany, engaged in his studies, graduated at
Cambridge in 1825, and was ordained in 1829. In 1835 he
assumed the pastoral charge of a church in Bangor, Maine.
In 1850 he became pastor of the Westminster Church in
Providence, Rhode Island, from whence in 1856 he removed
to Brookline, near Boston. In 1858 he was made Professor
of Ecclesiast. History in the Theological School connected
with Harvard University. At the same time he assumed
the editorship of the Christian Examiner, one of the oldest
of American periodicals. Dr. Hedge is distinguished for his
intimate knowledge of the various schools of philosophy,
and has written many essays upon this attractive theme.
He has pub. numerous articles in the Christian Examiner,
&c., poetical and prose contributions to annuals; sermons,
and discourses, and the following valuable work: Prose
Writers of Germany, illustrated with Eight Portraits,
Phila., 1848, r. Svo, pp. 567. In this book Dr. Hedge gives
us extracts from twenty-eight authors, from Martin Luther |
to Chamisso. The selections from each author are pre- |
ceded by a sketch of his life, character, and writings.
The value of this compilation may be judged of from the
following commendation of an eminent authority:
"There is no book accessible to the English or American reader
which can furnish so comprehensive and symmetrical a view of
German literature to the uninitiated; and those already conver-
sant with some of the German classies will find here valuable and
edifying extracts from works to which very few in this country
can gain access.”—A. P. PEABODY: N. Amer. Rev., lxvii. 464–485.
Hele, Arthur, Master of the Free School in Basing-
stoke, Preb. of Wells, d. 1778. The IV. Gospels Har-
Hele, Richard, master of the school belonging to
the Church of Sarum. Select Offices of Private Devotion,
Lon., 1717, Svo.
Lon., 1717, Svo. New and improved ed., 1831, Svo.
Hele, D'Hele, or Hales, Thomas, 1740–1780 ? a
native of Gloucestershire, a soldier in the English army,
after the peace of 1763 resided in France, and composed
in the language of the country with great fluency and ele-
gance. He wrote pieces for the Italian Comedy, chiefly
in French, among which are: 1. Le Jugement de Midas;
comédie, 1778. This refers to the contest between the
admirers of French and of Italian music. It was much
applauded. 2. L'Amant Jaloux, 1778. 3. Les Evène-
ments imprévus, 1779.
"Ses trois premières pièces, imprimées séparément, font partie
du Théatre de l'Opéra Comique, 1811-12, 8 vol. in 12. On trouve
d'Héle, Le Roman de mon oncle."-Biog. Univer., q. v.
dans la Correspondance de Grimm, (t. iv. 2e partie,) un conte de
Hellier, Henry, D.D. Sermon on Oaths, Oxon.,
1688, 4to.
Hellins, Rev. John, Curate of Constantine, Corn-
wall, and Vicar of Potters-Bury, Northamptonshire.
1. Mathematical Essays, Lon., 1788, 4to. 2. Analytical
Institutions, trans. by C. Colson, Camb., 1802, 2 vols. 4to.
3. Mathemat. and astronom. papers in Phil. Trans., 1780–
1802.
Hellowes or Hellows, Edward, Groom of the
Leash.
Leash. 1. Trans. of Guevara's Familiar Epistles, Lou.,
1574, 77, '84, 4to. See FENTON, SIR GEOFFREY. 2. Trans.
of Guevara's Chronicle; conteyning the Lives of tenno
Emperours of Rome, &c., 1577.
Helme, Mrs. Elizabeth, pub. a number of novels,
historical, educational, and other works, and trans. several
histories into English, Lon., 1787-1816. See Watt's Bibl
Brit.
Helme, J. Methodist Preaching, Lon., 1762, 8ve
817
HEL
HEM
Helme, Wm. Henry Stukely; a Nov., Lon., 1794,
3 vols. 12mo.
Helmore, Rev. Thomas. 1. A Manual of Plain
2. The Psalter Noted, 1850, fp.
Song, Lon., 1850, 12mo.
8vo; adapted to the P. Epis. Church of the U. S. by Rev.
E. M. Pecke, N. York, 1856, 18mo. 3. Carols for Easter-
tide, Lon., 1855, 12mo.
Helmsworth, Richard. See HEMSWORTH.
Helmuth, Just. H., D.D., pastor of the Lutheran
Church, Phila. 1. Taufe und Heilige Schrift, Germantown,
1793, 8vo. 2. Unterhaltungen mit Gott, Svo, pp. 180. 3.
Geistliche Lieder, 12mo. 4. Numerous works for children.
Helmuth, William T. Surgery, and its Adaptation
to Homoeopathic Practice, Phila., 1855, pp. 652.
Helper, Hinton Rowan, of North Carolina.
Impending Crisis of the South, N. Y., 1857, 12mo.
work was favourably reviewed in the N. Y. Tribune, in an
article of over seven columns in length.
The
This
The extracts which we have given from this poem afford evi-
dence of very high talents, not alone, or even chiefly, for dramatic
poetry. We remember no FIRST poem of equal powers. On our
author himself altogether depends his ultimate success. No one
effort, however brilliant, could secure this. Like success in most
other pursuits, it requires many sacrifices,-nay, the devotion of a
life."-Dubl. Univ. Mug., xxiii. 19–36.
Hely, Rev. James. Ogygia; or, a Chronological
Account of Irish Events; from the Latin of Roderic
O'Flagherty, Dubl., 1793, 2 vols. 8vo.
1
Hemans, Mrs. Felicia Dorothea, 1794–1835, a
native of Liverpool, where her father was a merchant, may
almost be said to have "lisped in numbers," and printed
a volume of poems-"Early Blossoms"-before she waз
fifteen years of age. Doubtless the wild scenery of
Grwych, in North Wales, where the youthful poetess re-
sided from her ninth to her sixteenth year, had a stimu-
lating effect upon that love of nature which was one of
the strongest characteristics of her mind. A year after
the publication of this book, unfortunately for her future
happiness, she met with Captain Hemans, of the Fourth
Regiment, to whom, after an attachment of three years,
during which the captain was on duty in the Peninsula.
she was married in 1812. Soldiers are proverbially sus-
ceptible to the charms of feminine beauty; and, when we
read her sister's graphic description of the young poetess
as she appeared when she first attracted the gaze of her
warlike admirer, we are not surprised that he became at
Helps, Rev. Arthur, of the University of Oxford,
one of the most popular writers of the day. 1. Thoughts
in the Cloister and the Crowd, Lon., 1835, 12mo. See
Dubl. Univ. Mag., xxiii. 20. 2. Essays written in the In-
tervals of Business, 1841, 8vo; 7th ed., 1853, 12mo.
66
These essays seem to be written for no definite purpose; they
have the air of themes very carefully composed out of pure love,
and for the of composition.... Mr. has written
practice,
Helps
and thought in so much more effective manner since their publica-
tion, that be would probably now agree with us that many of
them should have been treated as college exercises,-themes that
we turn into Johnsonian English, or Ciceronian Latin, and there
leave."-Blackwood's Mag., Oct. 1851.
1
3. King Henry II.; an Historical Drama, 1843, sm. Svo;
2d ed., 1845, fp. Svo. 4. Catherine Douglass; a Tragedy,
1843, sm. Svo.
66
5. The Claims of Labour, 1844.
"This is a thoughtful, well-considered, and thoroughly earnest
book. It probably will do much good, for we know no writer who
so fastens on the thoughts of his readers a painful and oppressive
sense of the responsibility under which-whether we act or for
bear from acting-we find ourselves placed with respect to those in
any relation of dependence of us."-Dubl. Univ. Mug., xxv. 45-57.
See also Westminster Rev., vol. xliii.; Eclec. Mag., v.
491; Blackw. Mag., Oct. 1851.
6. Friends in Council; a Series of Readings and Dis-
courses thereon, 1847, cr. 8vo; 6th ed., 1854, 2 vols. fp. 8vo.
"Ias more of original matter than either of its predecessors;
and the device adopted of interposing fictitious conversation with
the essays gives relief and variety to the composition."-Black-
wood's Mag., Oct. 1851.
"A more pleasant book we have seldom read. . . . Taken all in
Taken all in
all, he is a subtle thinker and an accomplished writer; but, be-
yond his intellectual qualities, he gives you no glimpse of him-
self."-Brit. Quar. Rev., vi. 134-155.
See Bentley's Miscell.; Fraser's Mag., xl. 636; and a
highly commendatory notice in Ruskin's Stones of Venice.
7. Companions of my Solitude, 1851, 12mo; 4th ed.,
1854, fp.
"It is altogether a thoughtful book, full of wisdom as well as
of gentleness and beauty. There is scarcely a page in the volume
from which we might not extract some truth, no matter how old
it may be, made fresh by the manner in which it is presented.
The play of fancy and of humour, too, that mingles everywhere
with the deep philosophy and the moral fervour, is often exqui-
site."-Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxx. 284. Same article in Living Age,
xxxi. 174.
(6
'In our opinion the far most interesting of all Mr. Helps's
essays. We must now bid adieu to Mr. Helps, again express-
ing our hope that he will give us more of these thoughts, which
we promise him shall be the Companions of our Solitude' as well
as of his own."-Blackwood's Mag., Oct. 1851.
•
Dublin. After his death was pub. A Course of Leas. in
Natural Philosophy, edited by Bryan Robinson, M.D.,
Lon., 1739, '43, 8vo. Frequently reprinted.
"Contains many useful observations, especially with regard tɔ
vision. &c."-DR. WATT: Bibl. Brit.
Helwys, Thomas. 1. God's Decree, 1611, 8vo.
2. New Fryelers, 1611, Svo. 3. Congregations in the
Low Countries, 1611, Svo. 4. Mystery of Iniquity, 1612,
Svo.
"A true thinker, who has practical purpose in his thinking, and
is sincere, as Plato, or Carlyle, or Helps, becomes in some sort a
Beer, and must be always of infinite use to his generation."-Mod.
Painters, vol. iii. p. 268, Lon., 1856.
"There are things which I hope are said more clearly and simply
than before, owing to the influence upon me of the beautiful quiet
English of Helps."-Modern Painters, vol. iii., App.
8. Conquerors of the New World and their Bondsmen,
2 vols. p. 8vo: i., 1848; ii., 1852. See Lon. Athenæum,
Nos. 1088, 1289. 9. History of the Spanish Conquest of
America, 1855, vols. i. and ii. 8vo. See Lon. Athenæum,
No. 1447, vol. iii., 1857. As an essayist, Mr. Helps occu-
pies a high rank; and the cordial eulogium of Mr. Ruskin |
will be heartily endorsed by many readers both at home
and abroad:
Helsham, Henry. Con. to Med. Com., 1788.
Helsham, Richard, d. 1738, a friend of Swift, was
Professor of Physic and Nat. Philos. in the Univ. of
818
once a wooer:
"The mantling bloom of her cheeks was shaded by a profusion
of natural ringlets, of a rich golden brown; and the ever-varying
expression of her brilliant eyes gave a changeful play to her coun
tenance, which would have made it impossible for a painter to do
justice to it."-Memoir of Mrs. Hemans, by her sister.
Alas, that one so lovely, so loving, and so formed to be be-
loved, should have had occasion, for seventeen years-f‐om
the sixth year of her marriage until her death, in 1835, she
never saw her husband's face-bitterly to "bewail that wor-
ship" which had been the brightest dream of her young and
confiding heart! In 1818 Capt. Hemans removed to Italy,
avowedly for the benefit of his health, leaving to his wife
the responsibility connected with the education of their
five sons, and-as we have seen-never returning to Eng-
land to demand an account of her stewardship. Mrs.
Hemans took up her residence with her mother and sister,
Miss Mary Anne Browne, afterwards Mrs. Gray, and de-
voted such time as she could spare to the cultivation of her
in the loss of her mother, and in consequence of this event
poetical talents. In 1828 she met with a severe affliction
removed to Wavertree, near Liverpool.
In the next year
she visited Scotland, where she met with a cordial greeting
from Sir Walter Scott, Jeffrey, and the other literary stars
of Edinburgh and its vicinity. In 1830 she paid a visit
to the lakes of Westmoreland and the poet Wordsworth;
and, on leaving this attractive spot, she determined to settle
at Dublin, where her brother, Major Browne, resided. In
this city she remained, the object of devoted affection in
the social circle, until her death in 1835, after a painful
and protracted indisposition.
Works-1. Early Blossoms of Spring: Poems written
between the age of 8 and 15 years, 1808. 2. England and
Spain; or, Valour and Patriotism; a Poem, 1808. 3. The Do-
mestic Affections, 1812. 4. Restoration of the Works of Art
to Italy, 1817. 5. Modern Greece, 1817. 6. Meeting of
Wallace and Bruce, 1819. 7. Tales and Historic Scenes.
Dartmoor, 1821. 11. Welsh Melodies, 1822. 12. Siege
8. Vespers of Palermo, 1823. 9. The Sceptic, 1820. 10.
of Valencia, and the Last Constantine, 1823. 13. The
Forest Sanctuary, 1826. 14. Records of Woman, 1828.
15. Songs of the Affections, 1830. 16. National Lyrics,
1834. 17. Hymns for Childhood, 1834. 18. Scenes and
Hymns of Life, 1834. 19. Poetical Remains, with Me-
moir, 1836.
Collective ed. of her Works, with a Memoir of her Life
by her Sister, 1839, 7 vols. 12mo. Again, 1850, 6 vols.
12mo. Works, chronologically arranged, 1848, 1 vol. r.
Svo. In America Mrs. Hemans's poems are very popular,
and many eds. of her works have been issued, with Me-
moirs and critical notices, by Mrs. Sigourney, Mr. Thatcher,
respecting the life and works of this truly lovely woman
Andrews Norton, H. T. Tuckerman, &c. For particulars
and gifted writer, the reader must refer to the Memoir by
her sister; Memorials of Mrs. Hemans, by H. F. Chorley,
1836, 2 vols. sın. Svo; Mrs. Elwood's Literary Ladies of
England; Howitt's Homes of the Poets; Miss Jewsbury's
Three Histories, where Mrs. Hemans is delineated in the
portrait of Egeria. Much excellent criticism on her writ
HEM
HEM
ings will be found in several of the sources indicated below,
from some of which we proceed to give brief citations:
"We think the poetry of Mrs. Iemans a fine exemplification
of Female Poetry; and we think it has much of the perfection
which we have ventured to ascribe to the happier productions of
female genius.
66
"It may not be the best imaginable poetry, and may not indi-
cate the very highest or most commanding genius; but it embraces
a great deal of that which gives the very best poetry its chief
Many fragments of poems and plans of works never completed
power of pleasing; and would strike us, perhaps, as more impas-itself in the reproduction of the thoughts and images of beauty
remain to attest the eagerness with which her mind was busying
·sioned and exalted, if it were not regulated and harmonized by the
most beautiful taste. It is infinitely sweet, elegant, and tender,-
which she could not refrain from storing up."-HENRY F. CHORLEY:
touching, perhaps, and contemplative, rather than vehement and
The Authors of England.
overpowering; and not only finished throughout with an exquisite
delicacy and even serenity of execution, but informed with a purity
and loftiness of feeling, and a certain sober and humble tone of
indulgence and piety, which must satisfy those who are most afraid
of the passionate exaggerations of poetry. The diction is always
beautiful, harmonious, and free; and the themes, though of infi-
nite variety, uniformly treated with a grace, originality, and judg-ancy, yet with earnestness; her poenis bear the impress of a cha-
entered into an analysis of them; but the moral charm which is
Had her writings been merely harmless, we should not have
spread over them is so peculiar, so full of nature and truth aud
deep feeling, that her productions claim at once the praise of ex-
quisite purity and poetic excellence. She adds the dignity of her
sex to a high sense of the duties of a poet; she writes with buoy-
ment, which mark the master-hand. We do not hesitate to
say that she is, beyond all comparison, the most touching and
accomplished writer of occasional verses that our literature has
yet to boast of.”—Lord JefFREY: Edin. Rev., 1. 32–47.
racter worthy of admiration. In the pursuit of literary renown
she never forgets what is due to feminine reserve. We perceive a
mind endowed with powers to aspire, and are still further pleased
to find no unsatisfied cravings, no passionate pursuit of remote
objects, but high endowments, graced by contentment."-GEORGE
BANCROFT, the historian: N. Amer. Rev., xxiv. 443-403.
"The genius of woman at this period produced a rival to Cole
ridge, if not in depth of thought, at least in tenderness of feeling
and beauty of expression. Mrs. Hemans was imbued with the
very soul of lyric poetry; she only required to have written a little
less to have been one of the greatest in that branch that England
ever produced. . . . Melancholy had marked her for its own; she
was deeply impressed with the woes of life; and it is in the working
up mournful reflections and images with the utmost tenderness
and pathos that her great excellence consists. There she is, per-
haps, unrivalled in the English language.”—SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON:
Hist. of Europe, 1815-52, chap. v.
•••
"As a woman, I felt proud of the homage he [Lord Byron] paid
to the genius of Mrs. Hemans, and as a passionate admirer of her
poetry, I felt flattered at finding that Lord Byron fully sympathized
with my admiration.”—Countess of Blessington's Conversations with
Lord Byrom.
•
•
"Mrs. Sigourney, as her letters will show, was well aware of Lady
Blessington's admiration for the writings of Mrs. Hemans. That
lady was never spoken of by her except in terms of the highest
praise; and her admiration of the poetry of Mrs. Hemans was no
less enthusiastic than just and discriminating. In one of her works
she says, The exquisite poems of Mrs. Ilemans affect one like sacred
music; they never fail to excite solemn feelings of an elevated
and spiritual character, and sentiments of a pensive caste, of calo
resignation and serenity.'"-Madden's
'”—Madden's Life and Corresp. of the
Countess of Blessington, vol. ii.
There can be no more proper occasion than the present
for the introduction of Mrs. Sigourney's beautiful tribute
to Mrs. Hemans:
"Every unborn age
Shall mix thee with its household charities:
The hoary sire shall bow his deafened ear,
And greet thy sweet words with his benison;
The mother shrine thee as a vestal flame
In the lone temple of her sanctity;
And the young child who takes thee by the hand
Shall travel with a surer step to heaven.”
remarks, when referring to Shenstone's lonely existence:
Yet Mrs. Grant, when writing to Mrs. Hemans herself,
"How very different is your case! Praised by all that read
you-loved by all that praise you-and known in some degree
wherever our language is spoken.”
But here we must conclude our quotations, not from
lack of matter, but want of space. The reader, however,
who desires to pursue the subject will find abundant
materials for the purpose in the following articles: 1.
Lon. Quar. Rev., xxiv. 130. 2. Lon. Month. Rev., cii.
The heart-felt offering of our friend, the Shepherd, must 177. 3. Lon. Month. Rev., cii. 425. 4. Blackwood's
not be forgotten in our register of tributes:
Mag., i. 517. 5. Blackwood's Mag., lxiv. 641. 6. Edin.
Month. Rev.. iii. 373. 7. Dublin Univ. Mag., x. 122.
S. Fraser's Mag., xxi. 127. 9. N. Amer. Rev., xliv
265.
10. By L. J. Park, Chris. Exam., iii. 403. 11. Chris.
Exam., vi. 35. 12. By Andrews Norton, xix. 328. 13.
By Andrews Norton, Chris. Exam., xxvii. 370. 14. Amer.
Chris. Rev., ii. 356.
Quar. Rev., i. 153. 15. Amer. Quar. Rev., xxi. 257. 16.
17. Chris. Rev., v. 23. 18. South.
Lit. Mess., ii. 611. 19. South. Lit. Mess., ii. 722. 20.
South. Lit. Mess., vii. 380. 21. N. York Rev., i. 199.
22. U. S. Lit. Gaz., v. 401. 23. Eclec. Mag., xi. 420.
Hemery and Dumaresq. Mode of Proceeding and
Trial in Royal Ct. of Jersey, Jersey, 1789, 4to.
Heming, an English monk, flourished 1095. Vita
Ulstani, in Wharton's Anglia Sacra, i. 467.
Heming, Edward. The New Lights, Lon., 1689. 4to.
Heming, or Hemming, S. 1. Themes of Admira-
tion; a Poem, 1812, sm. Svo. 2. Colonization of the
Earth, and the Origin of Nations, Oxon., 1817, Svo.
Heming, Thomas.
Maps, Lon., 1818, r. 4to.
Scripture Geography, with
See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 347.
Hemings, William, a son of John Hemings the
actor. 1. Fatal Contract; a Trag., Lon., 1653, 61, 4to.
2. The Jew's Tragedy, 1662, 4to. 3. The Eunuch; a Trag.,
1687, 4to. This is No. 2, with a new title. His first pieco
|
Biog. Dramat.
-The Hare; or, The Mad-Cap-was never printed. Seo
Hemingus, or Hemmingus, Monachus Wi-
gorniensis. Chartularium Ecclesia Wigorniensis:
edente Tho. Hearne, Oxon., 1723, 2 vols. 8vo.
Hemmenway, Moses, D.D., d. 1811, aged about 75,
a minister of Wells, Maine, pub. several serms., &c., 1767-
95.
"It's no' in that woman's power, sir, to write ill; for, when a
feeling heart and a fine genius forgather in the bosom o' a young
matron, every line o' poetry is like a sad or cheerful smile frae her
een, and every poem, whatever be the subject, in ae sense a picture
o' bersell-sae that a' she writes has an affectin' and an endearin'
mainnerism and moralism about it, that inspires the thochtfu'
reader to say in to himsell-That's Mrs. Hemans.'
·
"North. From very infancy Felicia Dorothea was beloved by
the Muses. I remember patting her fair head when she was a
child of nine years and versified even then with a touching
sweetness about sylphs and fairies.'"-Noctes Ambrosiana, Nov.
1828.
she wrote. She became an almost constant writer in Blackwood's
and Colburn's Magazines. Schiller, Goethe, Körner, and Tieck-
how sensibly is the influence of their spirit felt in The Forest
Sanctuary! how different was the tone of this to all which had
gone before! The cold, classical model was abandoned; the heart
and the fancy spoke out in every line, warm, free, solemn, and
tenderly thoughtful."-Howvill's Homes and Haunts of the Most
Eminent British Poets..
"Felicia Hemans is the authoress of many a plaintive and
mournful strain. She has shown high sentiment and heroic feel-
ings occasionally, but her affections are with the gentle, the meek,
and the wounded in spirit. . . . Her genius is of the domestic kind,
and her best songs are rightly named of the Affections."ALLAN
CUNNINGHAM: Biog. and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the Last Fifty
Years.
"By far the most popular of our poetesses, alike at home and
beyond the Atlantic; nor do I say undeservedly.... In her poetry,
religious truth, moral purity, and intellectual beauty ever meet
together; and assuredly it is not less calculated to refine the taste
and exalt the imagination because it addresses itself almost ex-
clusively to the better feelings of our nature. Over all her pictures
of humanity are spread the glory and the grace reflected from vir
'tuous purity, delicacy of perception and conception. sublimity of
religious faith, home-bred delights, and the generous, expansive
ardour of patriotism; while, turning from the dark and degraded,
whether in subject or sentiment, she seeks out those verdant oases
in the desert of human life on which the affections may most
pleasantly rest. Her poetry is intensely and entirely feminine;
and, in my estimation, this is the highest praise which, in one
point of view, could be awarded it. It could have been written
by a woman only.... Mrs. Iemans, above all female writers, was
distinguished for her rich tones, the voice at once sweet and full,
that carried them to the heart, awakening the feelings as well as
the imagination.”—D. M. Moir : Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-Century.
"From the hour of Mrs. Hemans's acquaintance with the Ger
man literature, you perceive that she had discovered her own
forte, and a new life of tenderness and feeling was manifest in all
Her inspiration always pauses at the feminine point. It never
'oversteps the modesty of nature' nor the dignity and decorum
of furious excitement, but ever the calm mistress of the highest
of womanhood. She is no sibyl tossed to and fro in the tempest
and stormiest of her emotions. The firest compliment we can
pay her, perhaps the finest compliment that it is possible to pay a
woman as a moral being, is to compare her to 'one of Shakspere's
women,' and to say, had Imogen or Isabella or Cornelia become
an author, she had so writteu.”—Gilfillan's Second Gallery of Lite-
rary Portraits.
..
.
She seldom reached the sublime; but her thought was often
profound, and her nice analysis of the best affections, ber delicate
perception of the minute circumstances that awaken and guide
the sensibilities, the readiness with which she seized upon the
above every English writer but ONE as the 'poet of the heart.””.
noble, the picturesque, the graceful, and the tender, designate ber
GEORGE W. BETHUNE, D.D.: British Female l'oets.
Mrs. Grant of Laggan seems to have experienced the
"embarras de richesses" in perusing the poetry of this
popular author, for she tells a correspondent-
"I am quite of your opinion as to the too uniform splendour
of Felicia Hemans. She keeps us hovering constantly on the
wing, like birds of paradise, for want of a perch to repose upon.”-
Mrs. Grant's Memoirs and Corresp., ed. 1844, vol. ii. 148.
Hemming, John, M.D. Mineral Waters of Glou-
cester, Lon., 1789, Svo.
819
HEM
HEN
:
;
Hemmingford, Walter de, Canon of Gisborough
Abbey, Yorkshire, wrote a History of England from 1066
to 1308. Gale first pub. it in his Veteres Scriptores, ii.
153, 1687, and Hearne edited it under the title of Historia
de Rebus gestis Edvardi I., Edvardi II., and Edvardi III.,
Oxon., 1731, 2 vols. 8vo; 150 copies printed at £1 18. each:
now rare and valuable. See GALE, ubi supra; Bishop
Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib.; Brit. Bibliographer, ii. 72.
"This work is written with great care and exactness, and in a
style good enough considering the time."
4. Biblical Researches and Trav. in Russia, Lon.,1826,8vo.
"This very interesting volume of Travels has a claim to be no-
ticed in this place, on account of the numerous and important
details which Dr. Henderson has communicated respecting the
antient and modern versions and editions of the Holy Scriptures,
and to which we have been largely indebted. . . . Contains much
11.
valuable statistical information relative to the countries through
which he travelled.”—Horne's Bibl. Bib.
5. Edit. of Moses Stuart's trans. of Ernesti's Elements
Hempel, Charles Julius, M.D., a native of Prussia,
studied for five years in Paris, emigrated to the U. States
in 1835, and graduated at the University of N. York, and
practised medicine in that city for several years; appointed
to the chair of Materia Medica and Therapeutics in Homoeo-
pathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, (Philadelphia,) in
1857. 1. Grammar of the German Language, New York,
1842, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Materia Medica Pura, by Dr. S. "This interesting volume, we venture to say, will be found pro-
Hahnemann; trans. by C. J. H., 1846, 4 vols. Svo. 3. The-ductive of a very high degree of instruction and amusement."
rapeutic Pocket-Book, by Dr. C.Von Boenninghausen; edited Lon. Quar. Rev. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
by C. J. H., Bost., 1849, 8vo. 4. Organon of the Specific
Healing Art of Homoeopathy, by Dr. G. L. Rau; edited by
C. J. II., N. York, 1849, Svo. 5. New Manual of the Ho-
mœopathic Materia Medica, by Jahr and Possart; 4th ed.,
6. Treat.
trans. and edited by C. J. H., 1849, cr. 8vo.
on the Use of Arnica, 1849, Svo. 7. New Homeopathic
Pharmacopoeia and Nosology; compiled and trans. by C.
J. H., 1850, Svo. 8. Homoeopathic Domestic Physician,
1850, 8vo. 9. Therapeutics; or, Successful Homeopathic
"Dr. Henderson has increased the utility of this little manual
Cures; trans. and edited by C. J. H., 1850, Svo. 10. New by adding some valuable observations, the result of his own read-
Manual: originally published under the name of Sympto-ing."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
men-Codex, by Dr. G. H. G. Jahr; trans. with addits. by
C. J. H., assisted by J. M. Quin, M.D., &c., 2 vols. 8vo.
The third vol. is issued as a separate work, under the title
of Complete Repertory of Homœopathic Materia Medica, by
C. J. H., 1853, Svo, pp. 1224. 11. Organon of Specific
Homoeopathy, Phila., 1854, Svo. 12. Materia Medica, by
Dr. B. Mure; trans. by C. J. H., 1854, cr. Svo. 13. The
Homoeopathic Materia Medica, by A.Teste; trans. and edited
by C. J. H., N. York, 1855, Svo. 14. With Jacob Beakley,
M.D., Manual of Homoeop. Theory and Practice, 1858, 8vo.
Hempstead, Samuel H., Counsellor-at-Law, Little
Rock, Arkansas. Arkans. Reports, 1820-56, Bost., 1856, Svo.
Hemsworth, Richard, of the Middle Temple. A
Key to the Law; or, An Introd. to Legal Knowledge, 1765,
Svo.
of Interpretation, 1827, 12mo.
Henchman, Humphrey, Bishop of Salisbury, 1660;
trans. to London, 1663. Diatriba Præliminaris H. Ham-
mondi Tract. de Confirmatione præfixa, Oxon., 1661.
Henchman, Richard, D.D. Serms., 1661, both 4to.
Henck, John B., Civil Engineer, b. 1815, at Phila-
delphia, grad. at Harvard University, 1840. Field-Book
for Rail-Road Engineers; containing formula for laying
down curves, &c.
"A most judicious combination of theory and practice. The
scientific treatise and the field-book are united without detriment
to either.”—N. Amer. Rev., lxxix. 253–254.
Henderick, Rev. George. Address to the Abp.
of Canterbury on the Propriety of Sunday Evening Lec-
tures, 1808, 4to.
Henderson, Mrs. 1. Scrip. Lessons on the Hist. of
our Lord, Lon. 2. Scrip. Lessons on the Acts of the Apos-
tles. 1847, 2 vols. 18mo; 1850, 1 vol. Svo. Other works.
Henderson, Captain, R.A. 1. Account of Hon-
duras, Lon., 1809, '11, 8vo. 2. Condition and Treatment
of the Negro Slaves in the Brit. Colonics, 1816.
Henderson, Alexander, 1583-1646, a divine and
leader in the Church of Scotland, had a controversy with
Charles I. respecting Episcopacy. The papers which
passed between them will be found in The Life and Times
of Henderson, by John Aiton, D.D., Edin., 1836, 8vo. See
also Dr. Thomas McCrie's Life of Henderson; Montrose's
Memoirs; Voice of the Church; and British Critic, xix.
457. Henderson wrote some serms., pub. 1643–48.
Henderson, Alexander, M.D. 1. Trans. of Cabanis
on Med. Science, Lon., 1806, 8vo. 2. Imposture of Ann
Moore, 1813, 8vo. 3. Hist. of Anc. and Mod. Wines,1824,4to.
"He appears to have devoted several years to his undertaking,
and has very laboriously gleaned from various sources whatever
was of importance to his object.”—Lòn. Quar. Rev., xxxii. 232–262.
See also Blackwood's Mag., xvi. 1-16. 4. The Atmo-
sphere; Nic. Jour., 1804.
of Chester, 1774, 8vo. 9, 10. Two Letters to D.. Johnson
on his Journey to the Western Isles, 1775, &c., both Sro.
Henderson, Andrew. The Prac. Grazier, Edin.,
1826, Svo.
Henderson, Andrew. 1. Life of John, Earl of
Stair, Lon., 1748, 12mo. 2. Trans. of Voltaire's Hist. of
Charles XII., 8vo. 3. Arsinoe; a Trag., 8vo. 4. Hist. of
the Rebellion 1745-46, 8vo, 1753. 5. Militia, 1760, 8vo.
6. Life of William the Conqueror, 1764, 12mo. 7. Life of
the Duke of Cumberland, 1766, Svo. 8. Letter to the Bp.
"The work is very creditable."— Donaldson's Agricult. Bing.
Henderson, Ebenezer, D.D., one of the most emi-
nent of modern Biblical critics. 1. Trans. of Roos on the
Prophecies of Daniel, Edin., 1811, Svo.
"It is not a very interesting book. The details are too minute,
and some of the views not likely to be received.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
2. Dissert. on Haus Mikkelsen's [Danish] Trans. of the
N. Test., Copenhagen, 1813, 4to. 3. Iceland; or, The Journal
of a Residence in that Island in 1814-15, Edin., 1818, 2
vols. Svo; 1819, Svo.
"The state of society, manners, domestic habits, and religion,
are here treated of: but there is too much minuteness, and a te-
diousness and dryness of style and manner.”—Stevenson's Voyages
and Travels.
6. The Great Mystery of Godliness Incontrovertible,
1830. Svo. This is an examination of 1 Tim. iii. 16.
CC
The genuineness of the controverted clause in 1 Tim. iii. 16
treatise."--Horne's Bibl. Bib.
is established beyond doubt in this ably-executed and impartial
"A valuable specimen of critical ability successfully exerted in
the investigation and discovery of truth." ARCHBISHOP HOWLEY.
See Andover Biblical Repository, i. 777.
7. Edit. of Egidii Gutbirii Lexicon Syriacum, 1836,
24mo. 8. Divine Inspiration, 1836, Svo; 1847, fp. Svo ;
1850, 12mo; 1852, fp. Svo.
<;
Particularly valuable."-DR. E. WILLIAMS.
"These discourses are written with great care. and display stores
of information, both ancient and modern, which few theologians
of the day could emulate, and very few, if any, could exceed."―
British Critic. See also Lon. Chris. Rememb.
9. Trans. of Isaiah from the Hebrew, with Comment.,
1840, Svo.
“Much useful criticism.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
"The translator's notes leave the reader nothing to desire for
the explanation of Isaiah.”—Lon. Churchman.
"It is not too much to say that this Commentary on Isaiah is
the best, the most learned, and the most satisfactory illustration
of the prophetic text that exists in our language.”—British Maga-
zine. See also Lon. Eclec. Rev.
"Henceforth no one that desires to understand the elevated
views and grand productions of Isaiah will be able to dispense
with the work of Dr. Henderson."-Lon. Chris. Examiner.
10. Trans. from the Hebrew of the Twelve Minor Pro-
phets, with a Comment., 1845, Svo. 11. Trans. from the
Hebrew of Jeremiah and the Lamentations, with a Com-
ment., 1851, Svo. Other publications.
Henderson, George. View of the Administrations
in the Government of America under Washington, &c., 1802.
Henderson, Capt. John. 1. Agricult. of Suther-
land, Lon., 1812, 8vo. 2. Agricult. of Caithness, 1812, Svo.
"The two works are very creditable.”—Donaldson's Ag. Biog.
Henderson, John, 1747-1785, an eminent actor, a
native of London. His Letters and Poems, with Anecdotes
of his Life, by John Ireland, Lon., 1786, 8vo. See also
Lowndes's Bibl. Man.: Boswell's Johnson; Nichols's Anec.
Henderson, John. 1. Sal Indus Antiquorum, &c.,
Lon., 1803, 8vo. 2. Rheumic Acid; Thom. Ann. Philos.
Henderson, John, 1757–1788, a native of Ballaga-
taught Latin at eight years of age and Greek at twelve.
rance, England, educated at Pembroke College, Oxford,
An account of him will be found in Rev. Wm. Agutter's
Funeral Serm. on him, Nov. 1788. Some of Henderson's
essays and poems have been published. See Boswell.
Henderson, Lawrence, of Maldon, Essex. Para-
phrase on Job, Psalms, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes, with
Notes, Crit., Histor., and Pract., Lon., 1764, 4 vols. 8vo.
Henderson, Robert. See HENRYSON.
Henderson, Robert. Breeding of Swine and Curing
of Bacon; with Hints on Agricult., &c., Leith, 1811, '14, 8vo.
"Imparts his knowledge in a plain and sensible manner."
Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Henderson, S. The Cottage Preacher; or, XV. Plain
Sermons, Lon., 1837, 12mo.
"These Discourses are truly evangelical in their matter, familiar
and intelligible in their style."-Lon. Congreg. Mag.
620
HEN
HEN
Henderson, Stewart, M.D. Profess. treatises, 1795~
|
1808.
Henderson, T. Astronomical Observations at Edin-
burgh, 1834-43, vols. i. to ix., 1838-50.
Henderson, Thos., M.D., Assist. Surg. U.S. Navy.
Hints on the Med. Exam, of Recruits; new ed., Phila., 1857.
Henderson, Wm., M.D. 1. Observ. on the Plague,
Lon., 1789, 8vo. 2. Sir H. Davy on Chlorine; Thom. Ann.
Philos., 1813.
Ueber die Kindersucht, 1822. 2. On the Reformation: a
Synodical Discourse, 1838.
Henkel, D., Lutheran pastor, Lincoln, N.C. On Re-
generation, Salisbury, 1822.
Herkle, Moses Montgomery, D.D., of the Me-
thodist Epis. Church South, b. 1798, in Pendleton co., Va.
1. Masonic Addresses, 1849, 8vo. 2. Primary Platform;
or, Methodism, Nashville, 1852, 12mo. 3. Analysis of
Church Government, 1853, 12mo. 4. Life of Bishop Bas-
com, 1854, 12mo. 5. Primitive Episcopacy, 1857, 12mo.
Henley, Anthony, M.P., d. 1711, was a contributor
to the Tatler, the Medley, and other periodicals, and wrote
poetry for music. Garth eulogizes bim in the preface to
the Dispensary.
Hendricks, Miss Rose Ellen. 1. The Astrologer's
Daughter, Lon., 1845, 3 vols. p. Svo. 2. The Idler Re-
formed, 1846, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 3. Political Fame; an Essay,
1847, fp. 8vo. 4. The Wild Rose, and other Poems, 1847,
p. Svo.
5. The Young Authoress, 1847, 3 rols. p. Svo. 6.
Jenny Lind; a Tale, 2 vols. p. Svo. 7. Chit-Chat; a Poem,
in 12 Cantos, 1849, p. 8vo. 8. King John and the Brigand's
Bride, 1851, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
Henderson, Wm., M.D. 1. Homoeopathic Practice
of Medicine, Lon., 1815, 8vo; N.Y., 1846, 18mo. 2. Homoeo-
pathy Fairly Represented, in Reply to Simpson's Homco-
pathy Misrepresented, Edin., 1853. p. 8vo; Phila., 1854, 8vo.
Hendley, Wm. Serms., 1715-18. For a Serm. on
Rev. xix. 9 (1718, Svo) the author was tried and convicted. Henley, Rev. John, 1692-1756, known as Orator
Hendley, Wm. Loimologia Sacra; or, The Plague Henley, was a native of Melton-Mowbray, and educate-i
Religiously Considered, Lon., 1721, Svo.
at St. John's College, Cambridge. Disappointed in ob-
Hendon, Edward. Perfect Conveyancer; or, Select|taining preferment in London, he commenced the delivery
Precedents, by E. Hendon, Wm. Noy, R. Rason, and H. of his famous Lectures or Orations upon theology, politics,
Fleetwood, 1650, 4to; 2d ed., 1655, 4to.
fashions, and matters in general. He continued these lec-
tures for nearly thirty years, and was certainly one of the
lions of London. Pope celebrates him in the Dunciad as
the "zaney of his age," and Hogarth introduced him in
his humorous delineations. He pub. many Sermons. Ho-
milies, translations from Pliny and Montfaucon, Letters
&c., and the following works, by which he is best known:
1. Complete Linguist; or, an Universal Grammar of all
the considerable Tongues in Being, Lon., 1719-21, 2 vols.
8vo. 2. Oratory Transactions: No. 1, 1728, Svo; Nos. 2.
2,
4, 5, 1729, Svo. 3. Esther; a Poem. 4. The Hyp Doctor;
a Weekly Paper. By this periodical he is said to have
cleared £100 per annum. See Steevens's account of Hen-
ley, in Nichols's Biog. Anec. of Hogarth; Lon. Retrosp.
Rev., xiv. 206-225, 1826.
"There is an earnestness and a good faith about all the writer
does, which stamps an air of truth upon her productions."-Lon.
Literary Gazette.
Hendrie, Robert. 1. Two Letters on Pictorial Co-
lour and Effect, Lon., 1842. 12mo. 2. Encyclopædia of the
Arts of the Middle Ages, by the Monk Theophilus; trans.,
with Notes, by R. H., Svo. Commended by Lon. Spec.
Hendry, Elizabeth Anne. 1. Crossingham Rec-
tory, Lon., 12mo: commended by Lon. Lit. Gaz., and
Educat. Mag. 2. Hist. of Greece, for Children; 4th ed.,
1853. 18mo. 3. Hist. of Rome, for Children; 4th ed., re-
vised by J. Corner, 1853, 18mo.
Hendry, Wm. Life-Annuities, &c., Lon., 1825, Svo.
Hendy, James, M.D. Profess. treatises, 1774–90.
Heneage, Michael. 1. Antiq. of Arms in England,
anno 1598; in Hearne's Collec., 1771. 2. Antiq. of the
word C
Sterlingorum" in Hearne's Collec., 1771.
Henegan, Sir Richard D., R.A. Seven Years'
Campaigning in the Peninsula, &c., Lon., 1846, 2 vols.
"Tiese volumes combine a world of diversified amusement, ex-leph Vathek, 1786.
citement, and interest. It is impossible to open them without
encountering some touch of pathos or humour,-some trace of
desperate valor or of heroic sacrifice."-Naval and Military Gaz.
Henfrey, Arthur, Prof. of Botany in King's College,
London, 1854, late editor of the Botanical Magazine, bas
made several translations from the German, contributed
papers to the Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist., Trans. Brit.
Assoc., &c., and pub. the following works: 1. Anatomical
Manipulation, Lon., 1844. 2. Outlines of Structural and
Physiological Botany, 1847. 12mo: 3. Rudiments of Bo-
tany, 1849, 12mo. 4. The Vegetation of Europe: its Con-
dition and Causes, 1852, 12mo. 5. An Elementary Course
of Botany, Structural, Physiological, and Systematic, with
a Brief Outline of the Geographical and Geological Distri-
bution of Plants, 1857, p. Svo. 6. Micrographie Dictionary:
see GRIFFITH, J. W.
Hengham, Sir Ralph de, Chief-Justice in the Court
of King's Bench temp. Edw. I. Summa magna et parva.
Printed with Sir John Fortescue's De Laudibus Legum
Angliæ see p. 618 of this Dictionary; Bp. Nicolson's
Eng. Hist. Lib.; Brooke's Bib. Leg. Ang., 72; 2 Reeves's
Eng. Law, 281; Selden's Pref. to the work; Marvin's Leg.
Bibl., 382.
Hening, Mrs. E. F. Hist. of the African Missions
of the Prot. Epis. Church in the U.S., N.Y., 1850, 12mo.
Hening, William Waller, d. 1828, Clerk of the
Chancery Ct. for the Richmond Dist., Va. 1. Statutes of
Virginia, 1619-1792, Richmond, 13 vols. 8vo, 1809-23.
"No other State in the Union possesses so excellent a work on
its legislative history."-GEORGE Bancroft: Hit. U. States.
2. The American Pleader and Lawyer's Guide, N. York,
ISI1, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Maxims; containing Noy, Francis,
and Branch, &c., Richmond and Phila.. 1824-45, Sro:
see BRANCH, THOMAS; FRANCIS, RICHARD. 4. New Vir-
ginia Justice: 4th ed., Richmond, 1825, Svo. 5. In con-
junction with William Munford, Reports of Cases in Su-
preme Ct. of Appeals of Va., and in the Supreme Ct. of
Chancery for Richmond District, Flatbush and N. York,
1809-11, 4 vols. 8vo.
1.
Henkel, C., Lutheran pastor, Somerset, Ohio.
Henley, Robert, Baron Henley and Earl of
Northingtou, Lord-Chancellor of England, b. 1708, d.
1786. See EDEN, HON. ROBERT HENLEY; Henley's Life
of Lord Northington; Lord Campbell's Lives of the Lord-
Chancellors, and authorities there cited.
Henley, Hon. Robert Henley Eden, Lord.
See EDEX.
Henley, Samuel, D.D., d. 1816, Prof. of Moral Philos.
in the College of Williamsburg, Virginia, subsequently
Rector of Rendlesham, Suffolk, and in 1805 Principal of
the East India College at Hertford, pub. several sermis.,
&c., 1771-1803; observations on Virgil, 1788; a trans. of
the Elegies of Tibullus, 1792; and edited Beckford's Ca-
Henley, Thomas. Case in Midwifery, Exon., 1715,
12mo.
from Richmond to Staines. Lon., 1805, Svo.
Henley, Zach. Allnut. Navigation of the Thames
Henley, Wm. Electricity; Phil. Trans., 1772-78.
Hennell, Charles. Forms of Affidavits, &c., 2d ed.,
Lon., 1837, Svo. Adapted to the Irish Practice, with
many new Precedents, &c., by W. Mockler, Dubl.,1844.Sro.
Hennen, John. Military Surgery, Edin., 1818, Svo.
Henniker, Sir Frederick, Bart. Notes during a
Visit to Egypt, Nubia, the Oasis Boris,&c., Lon., 1824, Syo.
"We have read Sir Frederick Henniker's Notes on Egypt, &c.
with pleasure, and freely confess that the perusal frequently re
laxed our gravity; it is in fact an amusing little volume. and wilt
find a place by the side of the Diary of an Invalid.”—Lon. Quar.
Rer.
Henniker, Major John, Lord, M.P. 1. Letter to
George, Earl of Leicester, 1788, Svo. 2. Two Letters on
the Origin, Antiq., and Hist. of Norman Titles, 1794, 8vo.
3. Bicknacre Priory, in Essex; Archæol., 1794.
Henning, George, M.D. Scrofulas, 1815. Svo.
Authoritie in things called Indifferent, Lon., 1632, 4to.
Henric, James. The Curtaine of Church Power and
Henricus, Huntindiensis. See HENRY OF HUN-
TINGDON.
fordshire, b. about the end of the 11th century, d. after
Henry, Archdeacon of Huntingdon and Hert-
1154, is best known as an author by a History of England,
in eight books, from the earliest accounts to A.D. 1154.
This was pub. by Sir Henry Savile among the Scriptores
post Bedam, Lon., 1596, fol.; Francf., 1601, fol.; also in
the Collec. of Historians edited by order of the Recor
Commission, vol. i. 689-763; aiso a translation, with the
Acts of Stephen, by an unknown author; by Thomas For-
ester, Lon., 1853, sm. Svo. Wharton, in his Anglia Sacra,
ii. 694, publishes an Epistle of Henry's, ad Walterum de
Mundi Contemptu, sive de Episcopis et viris illustribus su
temporis. See also D'Achery, Spicilegium, Parisiis, 1723,
fol., tomus iii. 503-507, or, in first ed., tomus viii. 178.
Henry was also a poet of considerable merit. In his
اده
HEN
HEN
1
o age he collected his writings into one series, divided
into twelve books. There are two MSS. of this book in
the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth. For a more par-
ticular account of this writer we refer the reader to Wright's
Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-Norman Period, 167-173.
A large portion of the earlier part of Henry's History is com-
piled and translated from the Saxon chronicle; he even translates
the metrical parts. and in some instances incorrectly, which shows
that so early as the reign of Stephen the
poetry was becoming obsolete. He gives us some valuable notices
of Anglo-Saxon history, which appear to be taken from old songs
and from tradition.... His dates are frequently confused.... One
of his last writings was probably the letter already alluded to,
addressed to his friend, Walter, De Mundi Contemptu; in it he
recounts to his friend the number of rich and powerful and learned
men whom they had seen sink successively into the grave...
Henry of Huntingdon's poetry is superior to the general standard
of medieval Latin verse. It is somewhat miscellaneous, consisting
of metrical treatises on herbs, gems, spices, &c., of hymns, of ama-
tory poetry, and of epigrams. Leland quotes the following elegant
lines from the invocation to his poem on herbs, which is founded
on the older treatise of Macer:
Vatum magne parens, herbarum Phoebe repertor,
Vosque, quibus resonant Tempe jocosa, deæ,
Si mihi serta prius hedera florente parastis,
Ecce meos flores, serta parate, fero.""
WRIGHT: ubi supra.
Henry the Minstrel, or Blind Harry, a wander-
ing Scotch poet of the 15th century, is celebrated as the
author of The Actis and Deidis of the illuster and vailzeand
Campioun, Schir William Wallace, Knicht of Ellerslie.
This poem, which is in twelve books of ten-syllable lines,
is supposed to have been written about 1475. Henry pro-
fesses to found it on a Latin history of Wallace, now lost,
by John Blair and Thomas Gray. The only MS. copy
known of Henry's poem is in the Advocates' Library,
Edinburgh, dated 14SS. It was first pub., Edin., 1570,
It was first
4to; 1601, 4to; 1611, 4to; 1620, Svo; Aberdeen, 1630,
Ɛvo; Edin., 1648, 8vo; 1661; Glasg., 1665, Svo; Edin.,
1673, 12mo; Glasg.; Edin., 1709, 12mo; Glasg., 1713,
'22, Svo; Edin., 1758, 4to. This ed. likewise contains
Arnaldi Blair Relationes; with Notes, Dissertations, Illus-
trations, and a portrait of Wallace, Perth, 1790, 3 vols.
12mo. Since this date (i. e. in 1820, Edin., 4to) Dr. John
Jamieson pub. it with the Bruce of Barbour. A paraphrase
of Harry's poem, in modern Scotch, by William Hamilton
of Gilbertfield, has long been popular with the Scottish
peasantry, and had no little effect in eliciting the poetic
talents of Robert Bruce. As a historian, recent discove-
ries have somewhat elevated the reputation of Blind
Harry; as a poet, he has perhaps enjoyed the full benefit
of the advantage which mystery confers upon the fame
of the minstrel. Mr. Ellis does not hesitate to say
That a man born blind should excel in any science is suffi-
ciently extraordinary, though by no means without example;
but that he should become an excellent poet is almost miraculous;
because the soul of poetry is description. Perhaps, therefore, it
may be easily assumed that Henry was not inferior in point of
genius either to Barbour or Chaucer, nor indeed to any poet of
any age or country."-Specimens of the Early English Poets.
The absurdity of this remark is well exposed in Cham-
bers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen,
ed. 1855, iii. 16.
As regards the value of the historical statements of
the poet, we have the following opinion of an eminent
authority:
·
I am persuaded that Wallace is the work of an ignorant man,
who was yet in possession of valuable and authentic materials.
On what other supposition can we account for the fact that, whilst
in one page we meet with errors which show a deplorable perver-
sion of history, in the next we find circumstances unknown to
other Scottish historians, yet corroborated by authentic docu-
ments, by contemporary English aunalists, by national monu-
ments, and records only published in modern times and to which
the minstrel cannot be supposed to have had access? The work,
The work,
therefore, cannot be treated as an entire romance."-P. F. TYTLER:
Lives of Scottish Worthies.
Mr. Tytler proceeds to adduce a number of instances in
which modern historical discoveries prove Henry to be
correct. Major, who lived at the same time with the poet,
tells us the little we know of the minstrel, and enables us
to form some estimate of the value of his history:
"Integrum librum Gulielmi Vallacei Henricus, a nativitate
luminibus captus. mere infantia tempore cudit; et quæ vulgo
dicebantur, carmine vulgari, in quo peritus erat, conscripsit; (ego
autem talibus scriptis solum in parte fidem impertior;) qui histo.
riarum recitatione coram principibus victum et vestitum quo
dignus erat nactus est."-Hist. Lib.. iv., c. 15.
See Irving's Lives of Scot. Poets; Jamieson's edit. of
Bruce and Wallace; Mackenzie's Scots Writers; Warton's
Hist. of Eng. Poet.; authorities cited above.
Henry IV., King of England, surnamed of Bo-
lingbroke, b. 1366, d. 1413, eldest son of John of Gaunt,
Duke of Lancaster, by the Lady Blanche, daughter of
Henry Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster. Epistola ad Ni-
$22
colaum de Cusa S.R.E. Cardinalem. See D'Achery, Spicil.,
iii. 803.
|
Henry VIII., King of England, b. 1491, d. 1547,
second son of Henry VII., by his queen, Elizabeth of York,
gained from Leo X. the title of Defender of the Faith, by
a Latin treatise-Assertio VII. Sacramentorum adversus
Lutherum, Lon., 1521, 4to; Romæ, 1521, 4to; Lon., other
eds., for an account of which, and other writings connected
with Henry and his reign, see Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 906-
908, Watt's Bibl. Brit., and the histories of England. Au
English trans., by T. W., of the Assertion of the Seven
Sacraments, was pub. in 1687, 4to.
"Of Henry's intellectual ability we are not left to judge from
the suspicious panegyrics of his contemporaries. His state papers
and letters may be placed by the side of those of Wolsey or of
Cromwell, and they lose nothing in the comparison. Though they
are broadly different, the perception is equally clear, the expression
equally powerful, and they breathe throughout an irresistible vi-
gour of purpose.”—Froude's Hist. of Eng, from the Full of Wolsey
to the Death of Elizabeth, Lon., 1856.
Henry, Marquis and Earl of Worcester. Apo-
thethegius, Lon., 1650, Svo.
Henry, Alexander, 1739-1824, a native of New
Jersey, extensively engaged in the Fur Trade, travelled
for sixteen years in the northwestern parts of America, and
gives us the result of his observations in his Travels and
Adventures in Canada and the Indian Territories, 1760–76,
N.York, 1809, Svo. The Preface to this interesting work
will be found in Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 42.
"His enterprise, perils, and intrepidity, excite deep interest.".
CHANCELLOR KENT.
gational minister, but since 1835 a clergyman of the Pro-
Henry, Caleb Sprague, D.D., formerly a Congre-
testant Episcopal Church, is a native of Rutland, Mass.,
and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1825. In 1835 ho
sophy in Bristol College; removed to New York in 1837;
was appointed Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philo-
and in that city established The New York Review, which
he conducted until 1840, when Dr. J. G. Cogswell, who ha
been co-editor for the previous twelvemonth, assumed the
entire duties connected with its supervision. Dr. Henry
Lettres, in the University of the city of New York, and
was chosen Professor of Philosophy, History, and Belles-
discharged the engagements connected with this responsible
50, rector of St. Clement's Church, New York. He now
post until his retirement in 1852. He was also, from 1847-
(1856) resides in the vicinity of New York, and is a fre-
quent contributor to the Church Review, and other perio-
dicals. See Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
1. Elements of Psychology; included in a Critical Exa-
mination of Locke's Essay on the Human Understanding,
by Victor Cousin; trans. from the French, with an Intro-
duction and Notes, Hartford, 1834; N. York, 1839; 4th
ed., revised, 1856, 12mo, pp. 568. 2. Compendium of
phical Essays, N. York, 1839.
Christian Antiquities, 1837, Svo. 3. Moral and Philoso-
4. Guizot's General Hist.
of Civilization, with Notes, 12mo. 5. Household Liturgy,
the French, with addits. and a Continuation from the time
12mo. 6. Epitome of the Hist. of Philosophy; trans. from
of Reid to the present day, 1845, 2 vols. 12mo. About
one-fourth of this work was written by Dr. Henry. 7. A
Manual of Ancient and Modern History, by W. C. Taylor,
LL.D., &c.; with addits., 1845, Svo, and each division in
1 vol. Svo. See N. Amer. Rev., lxi. 245-248. Dr. Henry
has also pub. a number of college addresses on university
education, &c.
Henry, David, 1710-1792, for more than half a cen-
tury connected with the Gentleman's Magazine, has already
been noticed in our life of his brother-in-law, Edward
Cave. In that article, (written in 1854,) referring to the
length of time (nearly fourscore years) for which the
Nicholses had been connected with the Magazine, we re-
marked, "May the Nicholses live a thousand years,' and
every month!" But-alas for our hopes !-the number of
issue the Gentleman's Magazine 'punctually on the 1st of
the Magazine for the present month, (Juno, 1856,) which lies
before us, contains the following startling announcement:
"NOTICE. The July and following numbers of the GENTLEMAN'S
MAGAZINE will be published by Messrs. J. II. and Jas. Parker, 377,
Strand, to whom all communications and Books for review are to
be sent."
-
We can only express the hope that the Parkers will prove
worthy successors of their "illustrious predecessors.'
"
David Henry gave to the world-1. Twenty Discourses
abridged from Archbp. Tillotson, &c.; 2d ed., Lon., 1763,
sm. Svo; 4th ed., 1779. 2. The Complete English Farmer;
or, a Practical System of Husbandry. 3. An Historical
Account of all the Voyages round the World, performed
by English Navigators, 1774, 4 vols. 8vo. To these he
HEN
L
HEN
Added 2 vols., including Capt. Cook's Voyages. Henry was
a frequent contributor to the Gentleman's Magazine.
Henry, J. Eighteen Serms., 1816, 8vo.
Henry, J. R. Catalogus Medicamentorum., Franc.,
1682, 4to.
Henry, John, an actor and manager of the Theatre
In Philadelphia. A School for Soldiers, or The Deserter;
a Dramatic Piece, Kingston, Jamaica, 1783, 8vo.
Henry, John. 1. Points in Manumission, &c., Lon.,
1817, 8vo. 2. Crim. Law at Demerura, &c., 1821, 8vo. 3.
Judgment of the Ct. of Demerara in Case of Odwin v.
Forbes, 1823, 8vo.
Henry, John Joseph, 1758-1910? Presiding Judge
of the Second District of Pennsylvania, entered the ariny
at the age of 17, and accompanied Arnold through the
wilderness of Maine to Quebec. His account of this ex-
His account of this ex-
pedition was pub. at Lancaster, 1812, 12mo.
Henry, Joseph, late Professor of Natural Philosophy
in the College of New Jersey; Secretary of the Smithson-
ian Institute at Washington, D.C., since its first organiza-
tion in 1846; has pub. many valuable papers on electricity
and magnetism in Amer. Philos. Trans., Silliman's Jour.
of Amer. Science, Journal of the Franklin Institute, &c.
Contributions to Electricity and Magnetism, Phila., 1839,
4to.
i
10. Four Discourses against Vice and Immorality, viz. ¿
I. Against Drunkenness; II. Against Uncleanness; IIL
Against Sabbath-breaking; IV. Against Profane Speak-
ing, 1705.
ing, 1705. 11. Great Britain's present Hopes and Joys
opened, in two sermons; the former on the national
thanksgiving-day, December 31, 1706, the latter the day
following, being New-year's day, Psalm lxv. 11. 12. Two
Funeral Sermons; one on Dr. Samuel Benyon, the other
on the Rev. Mr. Francis Tallents, ministers of the gospel
in Shrewsbury, with an account of their lives, 1709. 13.
A Method for Prayer, with Scripture Expressions proper
to be used under each head, 1710. 14. A Sermon con-
cerning the Work and Success of the Ministry, 1710. 15.
Disputes Reviewed; a sermon preached at the evening
lecture on the Lord's day, from Mark ix. 33, 1710. 16.
Faith in Christ inferred from Faith in God; a sermon
preached on the Tuesday's lecture at Salters' Hall, from
John xiv. 1, 1711. 17. A Sermon concerning the For-
giveness of Sin as a Debt, on Matt. vi. 12, 1711. 18. Hope
and Fear balanced; in a lecture at Salters' Hall, July 24,
1711. 19. A Sermon preached at the Funeral of Mr.
Samuel Lawrence, minister of the gospel at Nantwich in
Cheshire, on Phil. ii. 27, 1712. 20. A Sermon preached
at Salters' Hall, to the Societies for the Reformation of
Manners, June 30, 1712. 21. A Sermon preached at Ha-
Henry, Matthew, 1662-1714, the second son of berdashers' Hall, on the Occasion of the Death of the
Philip Henry, was born at his father's residence, Broad Reverend Mr. Richard Stretton, July 13, 1712. 22. Di-
Oak farm-house, in Flintshire, N. Wales. He was remark-rections for Daily Communion with God: in three Ser-
able for the early development of his mind; and it is mons; shewing how to begin, how to spend, and how to
affirmed that at three years of age he read the Bible dis- close, every day with God, Sept. 8, 1712. 23. An Exhorta-
tinctly, and with a wonderful comprehension of its mean- tion at the close of the Ordination of Mr. Samuel Clark at
ing. From his early years he evinced a decided inclina- St. Alban's, Sept. 17, 1712. 24. Popery a Spiritual Ty-
tion to the ministry. His excellent father made it a rule ranny; shewed in a Sermon preached on Nov. 5, 1712.
that his children should spend an hour together every 25. A Sermon preached at the ordination of Mr. Atkinson,
Saturday afternoon in devotional exercises; and we are Jan. 27, 1713. 26. A Sermon preached on occasion of
told that
the Funeral of the Rev. Mr. Daniel Burgess, Feb. 3, 1713.
27. Christ's Favour to little Children opened and improved;
in a sermon preached at the public baptizing of a child in
London, on Mark x. 16, March 6, 1713. 28. A Sermon
concerning the Catechizing of Youth; preached to Mr.
Harris's Catechumens. April 7, 1713.
Harris's Catechumens. April 7, 1713. 29. Self-Considera-
tion necessary to Self-Preservation; or, The Folly of
despising our own Souls and our own Ways, opened in
mindedness pressed upon Young People; preached at the
two sermons to young people, June 14, 1713. 30. Sober-
catechistical lecture at Mr. Wilcox's meeting-place, and
printed at the desire of many of the Catechumens, most
of them being ministers' sons, Sept. 2, 1713. 31. A Me-
morial of the Fire of the Lord, in a sermon preached
Sept. 2, 1713, on Num. xi. 3, being the day of remem-
brance of the burning of London, at Mr. Reynold's meet-
ing-house. 32. The Pleasantness of a religious life
opened, proved, and recommended to the consideration
of all, and particularly of young people, May 21, 1714.
33. His Expositions of the Bible; "in which he has gone
through the Old Testament in four large volumes folio,
and through the Evangelists and the Acts of the Apostles
in a fifth; and was fully bent, if God had spared his life,
to have finished the whole in another volume: but in that
and Death of Lieutenant Illidge, father to Mr. George
death has prevented him." 34. An Account of the Life
Illidge, of Nantwich, Mr. Henry's very particular friend.
35. A Treatise on Baptism, abridged from the original
MS. by Thomas Robins, 1783.
A number of sermons and papers have been recently
pub. for the first time in the last collective eds. of his
Miscellaneous Works.
"On these occasions Matthew presided, and gave intimations
of his subsequent delight in God's service, too distinct and too
impressive to be either overlooked or forgotten. If at such times
he thought his sisters improperly curtailed their prayers, be
would gently expostulate; telling them that it was impossible,
in so short a time, to include all the cases and persons they had
to recommend to God.'
1
"""
His father being a Non-conformist, he was deprived of
the privilege of entrance at either of the universities, and
was placed under the charge of Mr. Thomas Doolittle, of
Islington. For a short time subsequently he frequented
Gray's Inn, and acquired some knowledge of the law. In
1686 he commenced preaching, and in the next year ac-
cepted the pastoral charge of a church at Chester. In
1712, after twice declining, be acceded to an urgent in-
vitation to take charge of the church of the late Dr.
Bates, of Hackney. One strong inducement to this
change was the necessity of a London residence to the
proper oversight of the publication of his Commentary
on the Scriptures, then in the press. In his new field, as
in his former location, he was indefatigable in his labours,
which were greatly blessed. In May, 1714, he made a
visit to his old friends in Cheshire, and upon his return
home was taken ill at Nantwich. Anticipating a fatal
issue, he said to Mr. Illidge:
"You have been used to take notice of the sayings of dying
men. This is mine: that a life spent in the service of God and
communion with him is the most pleasant life that any oue can
live in this world.”
His death occurred on June 22, 1714, in the fifty-
Becond year of his age.
A more truly excellent man in all the relations of life
we should be at a loss to find. That odd person, John
Dunton, says of him,
"All his actions appear to be perfectly devoted to God, strictly
observing St. Paul's rule in the 4th of the Philippians, 'What-
Boever things are honest,' &c., which Mr. Henry does with that
exactness and sincerity, the very Churchmen love him, and even
Malice is angry she can find no cause to be angry with him.”
A list of his works, according to Middleton's Evangeli-
eal Biography :- 1. A Small Discourse concerning the
Nature of Schism, 1689. 2. His Father's Life, 1696. 3. A
Discourse about Meekness and Quietness of Spirit, on
1 Pet. iii. 4, to which is added, A Sermon preached at Mr.
Howe's Meeting-house in London, 1698. 4. A Scripture
Catechism, 1702. 5. Family Hymns; gathered most out
of David's Psalms, and all out of the inspired writings,
1702. 6. A Plain Catechism for Children. 7. A Sermon
concerning the right Management of friendly visits:
preached at Mr. Howe's meeting in London, 1704. S. A
Church in the House: preached at Mr. Shower's meeting,
and published at the request of the congregation, 1704.
. The Communicant's Companion; or, Instructions and
Helps for the right receiving of the Lord's Supper, 1704,
There have been new eds. of many of Henry's works,
and several collections of his Miscellaneous Writings.
1. Miscell. Works, with Life by Rev. Wm. Tong, Lon.,
1726, fol. 2. 1811, 4to, pp. 876. 3. By Rev. C. Bradley,
1823, 12mo. 4. With Preface by Sir John B. Williams,
and numerous serms. now first printed, and forty serms.
by Philip Henry, 1830, imp. Svo. 5. Selections, with
Memoir, 2 vols. r. Svo. 6. Miscell. Works, containing, iu
addit. to those hitherto pub., numerous Serms. and Papers
now first printed; with Funeral Serms. of Tong, Reynolds,
and Williams, and forty serms. by Philip Henry, 1855,
2 vols. r. Svo, xxiv., 1419; with portrait. Pub. by Car-
ter & Bros., N. York. A reprint of No. 4.
"Very popular; his style short and pointed; many antitheses;
a little fanciful: he makes his heads begin with the same letter;
or some chiming words, yet oftentimes natural. Great serious-
ness; sprightly thoughts, digested in very good order. His style is
formed on Scripture, and he has many beautiful allusions to it.”
-Dr. DoddriDGE.
"The babit of sprightly and apt allusion to Scripture facts, and
the use of Scripture language, which Mr. Henry diligently culti
HEN
HEN
vated, has not only enriched, but unspeakably enlivened, his
miscellaneous writings. . . . His diction, always expressive, is
often felicitous; and. though it makes no pretension to elegance,
is both nervous and forcible. . . . His allusion and imagery, in like
manner, always please and always edify; the former, because
they are generally scriptural; the latter, because, like the parables
of our Lord, they are derived from the most common occurrences."
-SIR J. B. WILLIAMS.
M
Of the Commentary on the Old and New Testament
there have been many eds. 1. Lon., 1710, 5 vols. fol.
First collective ed. 2. 1737, 5 vols. fol. 3. 1761-63,
5 vols. fol. 4. Edin., 1767, 6 vols. fol. 5. 1779, (6 vols.
fol.?) 6. Lon., 1792, 6 vols. 4to. 7. Edin., 1797, 6 vols.
4to. 8. Revised ed., by Rev. Geo. Burder and Rev. Jos.
Hughes, with a Life of the Author by Samuel Palmer,
Lon. and Edin., 1811, 6 vols. 4to. 9. The same, with a
Pref. by Archibald Alexander, D.D., Phila., 1833, 6 vols.
r. 8vo. First Amer. ed. 10. Stratford, 3 vols. fol. 11. With
Introductory Remarks by Rev. E. Bickersteth, Lon., 1827,
6 vols. 4to. 12. Ditto, 1827, 6 vols. 4to. 13. Ditto, 1832,
6 vols. 4to, 14. Ditto, 1846, 6 vols. 4to. 15. Ditto, 1849,
6 vols. 4to. 16. With Life of the author by Sir J. B. Wil-
liams, 1828, 3 vols. imp. Svo. 17. Ditto, 1849, 3 vols.
imp. Svo. 18. Another ed., 1830. 19. Another ed., 1833.
20. Another ed., 1835. 21. Another ed., 1836. 22. With
Life by Rev. H. Davis, 1844, 6 vols. Svo. 23. Another ed.,
1848–19, 3 vols. 4to. 24. New York, Carter & Bros., 6 vols.
r. 8vo. 25. Again, by the same, 1855, 5 vols. 4to. There
are also an Abridgment, by Bloomfield, Lon., 2 vols. 4to.
Exposition of the Book of Proverbs, 1840, r. Svo; of the
Book of Psalms, 1852, p. 8vo. The Beauties of Henry:
a Selection of the most striking Passages in his Exposition
of the Bible, by J. Geard, 1797, 12mo.
The London Religious Tract Society pub., in 1831-35,
in 12mo form without the text, and in super-roy. Svo
with the text and marginal references, a Commentary on
the Bible from Henry and Scott, with numerous Notes
and observ. from other Authors. This work was received
with such favour that more than 200,000 vols. were sold
by the end of the year 1840. We have already noticed
with commendation (p. 69) the Comprehensive
mentary (Phila., 6 vols. r. Svo) which is based principally
upon Henry's Exposition.
We now proceed to adduce some testimonies to the
value of Henry's invaluable Commentary upon the Holy
Scriptures. It will be remembered that the author only
lived to complete his work to the end of the Acts of the
Apostles. The remaining books were commented upon,
with the assistance of Henry's MSS., by the following
Dissenting divines:
1. Romans, John Evans. 2. 1st Corinthians, Simon
Brown. 3. 2d Corinth. and 1st and 2d Thessal., Daniel
Mayo. 4. Galatians, Joshua Bayes. 5. Ephesians,
Samuel Roswell. 6. Philipp. and Coloss., Wm. Harris.
7. 1st and 2d Timothy, B. A. Atkinson. S. Titus and
Philemon, Jeremiah Smith. 9. Hebrews and Revelation,
Wm. Tong. 10. James, Samuel Wright. 11. 1st Peter,
Zechariah Marriot. 12. 2d Peter, Joseph Hill.
Joseph Hill. 13. 1st, 2d,
and 3d John, Thos. Reynolds. 14. Jude, John Billingsley.
"The continuators are not all equal to the original; which is
easily accounted for, as they accommodated themselves to the
manner of their predecessor, in which no man could excel but
himself."-ORME: Bibl. Bib.
"Henry is, perhaps, the only commentator so large that de-
serves to be entirely and attentively read through. The remark-
able passages should be marked. There is much to be learned in
a speculative, and more in a practical, way."-DR. DODDRIDGE.
Doddringe.
Having read Henry's Commentary "entirely and atten-
tively through," we can heartily endorse Dr. Doddridge's
endorse Dr. Doddridge's
commendation.
"There is no comment on the Bible, either ancient or modern,
in all respects equal to Mr. Henry's."-REV. W. ROMAINE,
"The learned leisure of the universities, or the sanctioned
names of dignitaries, may have produced works which rank higher
in the esteem of scholars; but Matthew Henry stands without a
rival as an expositor of Scripture for the edification of the Church
of God."-History of Dissenters.
"Nor is it feeble praise that the apostolic Whitefield, whose
labours and virtues inspired even the pen of Cowper, was trained,
as a Christian and a preacher, by Mr. Henry's Commentary; that
he literally studied it on his knees, read it through four times,
and, to the close of life, spoke of its author with profound venera-
tion, ever calling him the great Mr. Henry.'"
Robert Hall declares:
"Mr. Henry's admirable Commentary on the Scriptures, which
hath been blessed to the instruction and edification of hundreds
of ministers, and thousands of Christians, for more than a cen-
tury, still maintains its reputation above most, if not all, other
commentaries."-Burnham's Pious Memorials.
"As long as the Bible continues. in England. Mr. Henry's ad-
mirable Expositions will be prized by all serious Christians."-
WILLIAM TONG.
Dr. Adam Clarke, referring to the many abridgments
of various commentaries, remarks respecting those from
Henry:
"Every one of which, while professing to lop off his redundan-
cies and supply his deficiences, falls, by a semi-diameter of the
immense orb of literature and religion, short of the author him-
self.... He is always orthodox, generally judicious, truly pious
and practical,”
824
"I discern new beauties in Henry every day."
We are told in his memoirs :
"For the last two years he read daily two chapters of Matthew
Henry's Commentary. As he proceeded, he felt increasing in-
terest and pleasure; admiring the copiousness, variety and pious
ingenuity of the thoughts, the simplicity, strength, and preg-
naucy of the, expressions. He earnestly recommended the Com-
mentary to his daughters; and, on hearing the eldest reading for
successive mornings to the second, he expressed the highest
delight."
"I have often read portions of Henry's Commentary, and con-
sulted it; but I have now begun with the first chapter of Genesis,
and I mean to read the work through regularly. I have set my-
self, sir, two chapters every morning, and I authcipate it as a
feast. This is the way to read Matthew Henry, sir. I discover
new beauties in him every day, that are not obvious wben read-
ing detached parts.
method, sir; you will be quite delighted with it. I bave found
I would advise you to adopt the same
that the most pious persons of my acquaintance, in the latter
period of their lives, have been great readers of Henry. There
must be something next to inspiration in him, sir; for as face
answers to face, so does the heart of one Christian to another.' I
asked his opinion of Scott's Commentary. 'Oh, it is a good work,
sir, but it is not to be compared to Henry; there is not that
unction of spirit that there is in Henry.'"-Green's Reminiscences
of Robert Hall.
"The Commentary of Matthew Henry has for above a century
been highly prized by Christians of all denominations; nor has
any subsequent one rendered it less valuable, or less desirable in
Com-cellence of this work, views which the writer has long entertained,
every Christian library. With such views of the virtue and ex-
and some sense of the benefit which he trusts that he has person-
ally derived from it for many years, he has great pleasure in making
lively, sound and devotional."-REV. EDWARD Bickersteth.
these introductory remarks.. Very practical and edifying,
Ná
Mr. Henry's work has long enjoyed a high and deserved repu-
tation. The work is distinguished, not for the depth of its learning
or the originality of its views, but for the sound practical piety
and large measure of good sense which it discovers. The author
foundly versant in the science of human nature; so that from his
was well acquainted with the character and ways of God, and pro-
own experience he very often instructs and edifies his readers.
He often leaves difficulties unremoved and even unnoticed; and
there is a peculiar quaintness in the turn of many of his remarks,
which renders his work somewhat ropulsive to persons of fastidious
taste; but few books of such extent on the Bible contain so much
writing to the purpose, or are so well fitted to promote the general
good of men."ORME: Bibl. Bib.
"It is chiefly practical; yet, without any parade of learning, it
frequently contains good explanations of difficult passages. The
the great estimation in which it is held.”—T. H. HORNE: Bibl. Bib.
numerous editions through which it has passed sufficiently attest
•
"This work has now been before the Christian community for
more than a hundred years, and has, from its first publication,
been so well received, and is so generally approved, that all recon-
mendation of the work seems now superfluous. Many other
valuable commentaries, it is true, have been given to the public
since this work was first edited, and have deservedly gained for
themselves a high estimation and extensive circulation. But it
may be safely said that Heury's Exposition of the Bible has not
been superseded by any of these publications, and, in those points
in which its peculiar excellence consists, remains unrivalled. For
some particular purposes, and in some particular respects, other
commentaries may be preferable; but. taking it as a whole, and
as adapted to every class of readers, this Commentary may be said
to combine more excellences than any work of the kind which
was ever written in any language. It may be more necessary for
yet I am persuaded that there is no man living, however learned,
the unlearned to read such works as this, than for the learned;
but might derive much practical instruction from IIenry's Expo-
sition of the Bible; and if ministers of the gospel would spend
much time in perusing this work, it would manifest itself by the
richness and spirituality of their sermons and lectures."—ARCH-
BALD ÅLEXANDER. D.D.: Iveface to Henry's Commentary,
"It would be almost ill-judged partiality to maintain that he
Barrow in accuracy and elaboration, or Dr. Bates in affluent
equals Dr. Owen in profound and continuous thinking, or Dr.
phraseology, or Jeremy Taylor and John Ilowe in noble daring
and seraphic elevation. He belongs to a totally different school,
-one less cumbrous, less obscure, less refined, less eloquent. 1
is praise sufficient to claim for him the fancy of Quarles, the
affection of Flavel, the gentleness of Herbert, the good sense of
Tillotson, and the terse sententiousness and antithetical point of
Bishop Hall."-WILLIAMS.
·
•
Henry, Patrick, 1736-1799, a native of Hanover
county, Virginia, was a son of John Henry, of Aberdeen,
Scotland, who was a cousin to David Henry, of the Gen-
tleman's Magazine, and a nephew of the celebrated histo-
rian, Dr. Robertson. It will thus be seen that Patrick
Henry was a cousin of the celebrated Lord Brougham.
Henry was one of the first and most strenuous advocates
self by great eloquence at the Bar, he was in 1765 elected
of American Independence, and, having distinguished him-
a member of the House of Burgesses of Virginia, as an
opponent of the Stamp Act; in 1774 he was a delegate to
the first Congress of the Colonies; in 1776 he was elected
HEN
HEN
Governor of Viginia; in 1786 he was a representative to
the Convention held at Philadelphia for the purpose of
revising the Federal Constitution; in 1794 he retired from
public life, and died in 1799.
|
For further particulars respecting Patrick Henry and
the extraordinary powers of eloquence for which he was so
famous, we refer the reader to Wirt's Life of Henry, (first
pub. in 1817;) Life, by Alexander H. Everett, in Sparks's
Amer. Biog., Second Series, i. 207–398; Life, by G. S.Arnold,
N.York, 1855, 16mo; Speeches of Henry, Ames, Pinckney,
&c., Phila., 8vo; the histories of the period; art. in N. A.
Review, vi. 293, by Jared Sparks; art. on American Ora-
tors and Statesmen, in Lon. Quar. Rev., lxvíi. 1–53, by A.
Hayward; in South. Lit. Mess., xiii. 505, by E. L. Magoon;
in Meth. Quar. Rev., i. 122; in Analec. Mag., vi. 376, x.
441; Reminiscences of, by Dr. Archibald Alexander, in
Princeton Mag., and in Liv. Age, xxvi. 205.
Henry, Robert, D.D.. 1718-1790, a Scotch Presby-
terian divine, a native of Muirtown, St. Ninian's, Stirling-
shire, was educated at the University of Edinburgh, and
subsequently became master of the grammar-school of
Annan.
Annan. He was licensed to preach in 1746; officiated at
Carlisle from 1748 to 1760, at Berwick-upon-Tweed, 1760
to 1763; minister of the Church of the New Grey-Friars,
1763-76; colleague-minister in the old church 1776-
90; Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church
of Scotland, 1774. As an author he is most favourably
known by a History of Great Britain, pub. in 6 vols. 4to:
vol. i., 1771; ii., 1774; iii., 1777; iv., 1781 ; v., 1785; vi.,
posth., edited by Laing, with the Life of Henry prefixed,
1793. The history embraces the period from the first in-
|
The meagre report of Henry's Speeches in our posses-
sion is of the most unsatisfactory character:
6.
They fall, of course. far below his fame; and it is, after all, on
the faith of mere tradition, attested, however, by facts too nume
rous and of too public a character to leave it in any way doubtful,
that the present and future generations will acknowledge the jus?
tice of his claim to the proud title that has been given him of the
greatest orator of the New World.”—ALEXANDER II. EVERETT: Life
of Henry.
vasion of the Romans under Julius Cæsar to the death of
Henry VIII. A French trans. was pub. in 1789-96, by
MM. Rowland and Cantwell. A Continuation, by James
Petit Andrews, from the death of Henry VIII. to the Ac-
cession of James I., was pub. in 1794, 4to; 1796, 2 vols.
8vo; 3d ed., 1806, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed. of Henry's Hist.,
1788, 10 vols. Svo: 3d ed., 1796, 10 vols. Svo; 1800, 12
vols. 8vo; 4th and best ed., with a general index, 1805,
12 vols, Svo; 5th ed.. 1814, 12 vols. 8vo; 6th ed., 1823,
12 vols. 8vo; an indifferent ed.
|
"On the retrospect of so many years, I may be permitted to ex-
press my views of the extraordinary effects of Henry's eloquence.
The power of Henry's eloquence was due, first, to the great-
ness of his emotion and passion, accompanied with a versatility
which enabled him to assume at once any emotion or passion which
was suited to bis ends. Not less indispensable, secondly, was a
matchless perfection of the organs of expression, including the
entire apparatus of voice, intonation, pause, gesture, attitude, and
indescribable play of countenance."-DR. ARCHIBALD ALEXANDER:
Reminiscences of Henry.
"Every look, every motion, every pause, every start, was com-
pletely filled and dilated by the thought which he was uttering,
and seemed indeed to form a part of the thought itself.”—WILLIAM
WIRT: Life of Henry.
"The times in which he lived were suited to his genius; in
other times we doubt if his peculiar powers would have raised him
to a higher distinction than that of an eloquent speaker at the
bar.... The secret of his eloquence unquestionably rested in his
power of touching the springs of passion and feeling. He had
little to do with the understanding or judgment of his hearers."--
JARED SPARKS: N. A. Rev., vi. 322; March, 1818.
"The forest-born Demosthenes."-LORD BYRON.
Henry, Philip, 1631-1696, father of Matthew Henry
the commentator, and also a Non-conformist, was a native
of Whitehall, London; educated at Christ Church, Oxford;
ordained by the Presbytery in 1657, and became minister
of Worthenbury; ejected at the Restoration, and lived
in retirement until the Dissenters were allowed to preach,
when he devoted himself with great zeal to the instruction
of the thousands who thronged to him in various parts
of the country near his residence at Broad Oak. His holy
and useful life has been admirably described by his ex-
cellent son, the commentator: see HENRY, MATTHEW.
1. 18 Serms., selected from his original MS., and 2 serms.
preached at his death by F. Tallents and M. Henry; now
first pub., with Notes by Sir J. B. Williams, Lon., 1816, 8vo.
The excellency of these discourses consists chiefly in the per-
tinent introduction and close application of Scripture."-Lon.
Eclectic Review.
Co
2. Skeletons of 100 Serms., 1834, 12mo. 3. Exposition
of the first XI. Chapters of Genesis; pub. from an Original
MS., 1838, 18mo.
"A precious relic of Christian piety and wisdom.”—SIR J. B.
WILLIAMS.
4. Select Remains of Philip Henry and Matthew Henry,
from unpub. MSS., by Sir J. B. Williams, sm. 8vo. New
ed., 1849, 18mo. See Sir John B. Williams's ed. of Mat-
thew Henry's Life of Philip Henry, with important addits.,
Notes, &c., 1825, Svo.
“The additions and illustrations sufficiently attest the merits
of the editor's performance, and recommend the volume to the
attention of our readers as a valuable accession to every library."
-Lon. Eclec. Rev., April, 1826.
Also highly recommended by Robert Hall: see his Works,
ed. 1853, Lon., v. 541. Forty-one Sermons, On What Christ
is made to Believers, will be found appended to Sir J. B.
Williams's ed. of Matthew Henry's Miscellaneous Works,
1830, imp. 8vo; N. York, 1855, 2 vols. r. Svo.
KA
His expounding and preaching was plain and pleasant, warm
and savoury, full and overflowing, and such as few could reach,
and greatly blessed by God.”—F. TALLENTS.
Many of his extemporaneous comments on portions of
Scripture read at family worship will be found recorded
in his son's Exposition. A quaint writer, whom we fre-
quently have occasion to quote, bears the following high
testimony to the pulpit ministrations of Philip Henry:
"Should Angels come from Heaven, ('tis my sense,)
They'd not be heard with greater reverence;
All Pulpits own his learned pieces raise
A work to trouble Fame. astonish Praise
His Comments are so full, and yet so trim,
We praise all virtues in admiring him."
JOHN DUNTON.
We have already noticed the plan of Henry's History,
the Continuation of Andrews, and the excellent History
of England upon Henry's plan, somewhat modified, pub.
by Charles Knight, in our life of J. Petit Andrews. Dr.
Henry divides his work into periods, and treats of each
in seven distinct points of view,-viz.: Chap. I. Civil and
Military History. II. History of Religion. III. History
of the Constitution, Government, Laws, and Courts of Jus-
tice. IV. History of Learning, of Learned Men, and of
the chief Seminaries of Learning.
the chief Seminaries of Learning. V. History of Arts.
VI. History of Commerce, Shipping, Money, &c. VII.
History of Manners, Customs, &c.
To this great work Henry devoted the anxious labour
of nearly thirty years; and he has certainly accumulated
a vast store of useful information. But to write philoso-
phically and entertainingly upon so many heterogeneous
subjects exceeds man's might. Even when the scope is
far less ambitious, the charm of style possessed by a Hume,
a Robertson, a Macaulay, a Prescott, or a Bancroft, can
alone interest the desultory reader in historical details.
For all practical purposes, Henry's history has been su-
perseded by the noble work pub. by Charles Knight, Lon.,
11 vols. r. Svo, (with Index vol.,) 1849-50, which we have
already particularly described in our life of J. Petit An-
drews. But Henry's history (with Andrew's Continuation,
14 vols. Svo, 1805-06) is well worth the trifling sum of 35
to 40 shillings demanded by the booksellers.
"Too much cannot be said of its arrangement, nor for the great
store of valuable materials which it contains, which took the au-
thor thirty years in collecting from every book on record that
related to the History of Great Britain, many of which few ever
saw, and fewer would take the trouble to investigate."-Lon. Re
trospective Review.
“A work of no inconsiderable reputation, notwithstanding the
nefarious malignity with which Gilbert Stuart endeavoured to
blast the fruit of the author's labours, ruin him in his fortune,
and break his heart."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
"Considerable merit in the execution and complete originality
in the plan of his history."-Lord Cockburn's Memorials of his Time.
"The work of Dr. Henry is an ornament and an honour to his
country."-Dibdin's Bibliomania.
"But it is of HENRY'S History that I would speak in the warmest
language of approbation."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
"The history is compiled with great erudition and fidelity, and
the plan has been highly extolled: but his style is not attractive,
nor has the capricious taste of the public rescued the work from
neglect."-CHANCELLOR KENT.
Much of this sort of information, [respecting the early consti-
tutional history of England,] and of every other historical informa-
facts, when collected and printed in a modern dress, properly ar-
tion, may be found in the History of Dr. Henry; but the same
ranged, and to be read without difficulty, as they are in the work
of Dr. Henry, no longer excite the same reflection nor obtain the
same possession of the memory which they do when seen in some-
thing like their native garb, in their proper place, and in all the
simplicity, singularity, and quaintness which belong to them.".
Prof. Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist.
6.
So much as regards the collocation of records and em-
bodiment of facts; but when the cumulative labours of
the clerk should be succeeded by the analytical spocula-
tions of the philosopher, we have the opinion of an emi-
nent authority of our own day, that Dr. Houry- and
especially in the department referred to by Profosser
Smyth-sadly fails:
825
HEN
HEN
"Those parts of Henry's history which profess to trace the pro-
gress of government are still more jejune than the rest of his
Tolumes."-Pref. to Hallam's View of Europe during the Middle
|
Aes.
The base conspiracy of Gilbert Stuart "to blast the
fruit of Henry's labours, ruin him in his fortune, and
break his heart," referred to by the Quarterly reviewer, in
a preceding quotation, has been treated of at great length
by Disraeli in his Calamities of Authors; and to that work
we must send the reader for this sad story of fiendish ma-
lignity and petty spite. Stuart commenced his attack on
Henry by a severe critique in his Edinburgh Magazine
and Review, (established by him in 1773,) on a sermon of
the latter preached before the Society for Promoting Chris-
tian Knowledge, in 1773. As respects the History, Stuart
remarks in one of his letters, dated Dec. 13, 1773:
"David Hume wants to review Henry; but that task is so pre-
cious that I will undertake it myself. Moses, were he to ask it as
a favour, should not have it; yea, not even the man after God's
own heart."
The profanity of this language is a fair index to the
character of the man and the impartiality of the prospect-
ive reviewer. In the London Monthly Review for Janu-
ary, 1774, appeared a review of Henry's History, and
respecting this article Stuart remarks :
6.
To the former (the Monthly Review) I suppose David Hume
has transcribed the criticism he intended for us. It is precious,
and would divert you. I keep a proof of it in my cabinet for the
amusement of friends. This great philosopher begins to dote.”—
4th March, 1774.
To this letter Disraeli appends the following note:
"The critique on Henry in the Monthly Review was written
by Ilume; and, because the philosopher was candid, he is here
said to have doted.”—Culamities of Authors.
But we agree, with Chambers and Thomson's Dict. of
Eminent Scotsmen, (see vol. iii. 31, ed. 1855,) that this
was not the review which Hume penned. The article
referred to by Stuart and Disraeli is now before us; and
Hume would not have been likely to have remarked that
"It is not every one who can rise to the ingenuity, the diguity,
"It is not every one who can rise to the ingenuity, the dignity,
and the elegance, of a Hume and a Robertson."
The verdict of this reviewer-whoever he may be-and
that of Stuart are indeed sufficiently unlike: the former
admits that
"Whatever farther defects might be pointed out in the present
performance, it must be acknowledged that, upon the whole, it
possesses considerable merit. The author, indeed, is not distin-
guished by elevation of genius, by philosophical penetration, or
by a capacity of rising to the highest species of historical compo
sition; but he possesses a great share of good sense, and his dili-
gence and labour must have been uncommonly great. He refers
always to his authorities. His style, if not elegant or remarkably
nervous, is clear, and for the most part, though not universally,
correct. As a collection of facts and materials, Dr. Henry's History
of Great Britain cannot but be peculiarly useful. It is a work
which every gentleman would wish to place in his library, that
he may be able to consult it on proper occasions."-Lon. Month.
Rev., 1. 192–202.
But in what striking contrast to this appears the candid
judgment of one who had also, to some extent, gone over
the same ground, and knew the difficulties of the path!
either gain or not; and Cadell has told me that Millar and he
have got six thousand pounds by it. I afterwards received a
much higher price for my writings. An author should sell bis
first work for what the booksellers will give, till it shall appear
whether he is an author of merit, or, which is the same thing as
to purchase-money, an author who pleases the public.”—Boswell's
Life of Dr. Johnson.
"DR. ROBERTSON.-Henry should have applied his attention to
that alone, which is enough for any man; and he might have
found a great deal scattered in various books had he read solely
with that view. Henry erred in not selling his first volume at a
moderate price to the booksellers, that they might have pushed
him on till he had got reputation. I sold my History of Scotland
at a moderate price, as a work by which the booksellers might
would have profited more by them had he enjoyed the
Henry pub. his vols. at his own risk, and no doubt
advantage of fair play; nevertheless, he cleared £3300 by
his work, including the 1000 paid him by Cadell in 1786,
this was no contemptible sum in those times, even for
and he was complimented by a pension of £100; and
thirty years of literary toil. In our own days, indeed,
some eminent historians receive much more money for
much less labour; but Robert Henry, with all his merits,
have already hinted, neither a Macaulay nor a Hallam, a
(and these were neither few nor inconsiderable,) was, as wo
Prescott nor a Bancroft.
But the implacable Stuart will allow Henry no merits.
whatever:
"He neither furnishes entertainment nor instruction. Diffuse,
vulgar, and ungrammatical, he strips history of all her ornaments.
As an antiquary, he wants accuracy and knowledge; and, as au
historian, he is destitute of fire, taste, and sentiment. His work
His work
is a gazette, in which we find actions and events without their
causes, and in which we meet with the names, without the cha-
racters. of personages. He has amassed all the refuse and lumber
of the times he would record.... The mind of his reader is affected
with no agreeable emotions; it is awakened only to disgust and
fatigue."-Edin. Rev. and Mag., i. 266-270.
1
Henry, Rev. Robert, LL.D., 1792-1856, a native of
Charleston, S.C., Pres. of the College of S. Carolina, 1834-
35, and 1840-43, filled in succession, in that institution,
the Chairs of Logic and Moral Philosophy, of Metaphy-
sics, Moral and Political Philosophy, Metaphysics and
Belles-Lettres, and of the Greek Language and Litera-
ture. The last-named professorship is now (1856) held
by Dr. Henry. He has pub. several serms., Eulogies on
Prof. Smith, President Maxcy, and John C. Calhoun, and
contributed several papers to the Southern Review.
Henry, Thomas, apothecary of Manchester, pub. a
number of medical, chemical, and other works, 1773–83.
Henry, Thomas Charlton, D.D., 1790-1827, eldest
son of Alexander Henry, of Philadelphia, (for many
years President of the American Sunday-School Union,)
graduated, in 1814, at Middlebury College, and, after a
course of theological study at Princeton, was ordained to
the ministry in 1816. In 1818 he became pastor of the
Presbyterian Church in Columbia, S.C., where he laboured
with great zeal and success for a period of five years. In
Jan. 1824 he accepted a call to the Second Presbyterian
Church of Charleston, S.C., and carried into this new
field that spirit of earnest devotion which had marked his
course from his first entrance into the ministry. In 1826
he was obliged by the failure of his health to seek the
benefit of a foreign climate; and he accordingly spent six
months in France and Great Britain, eliciting "golden.
opinions" on every side by his extensive scholarship,.
refined taste, and fervent piety. On the 1st of October,
1827, he was attacked by the yellow fever, then prevalent
in Charleston, and died after an illness of four days.
Dr. Henry was the author of three valuable works,
viz. :-1. An Inquiry into the Consistency of Popular
Amusements with a Profession of Christianity, Charleston,
1825. 2. Moral Etchings from the Religious World, 1828,
Svo. 3. Letters to an Anxious Inquirer; designed to
sions, 1828, 12mo. Pub. in Lon., 1829, 12mo; with a
relieve the difficulties of a Friend under Serious Impres-
Memoir of the Author by Rev. Thos. Lewis, and a Pre-
face by John Pye Smith, D.D. This excellent work has
passed through many eds. in England and America, and
is undoubtedly one of the very best treatises that can be
placed in the hands of an "anxious inquirer." We quote
a brief extract from a highly eulogistic review by an
eminent authority:
"Ilis historical narratives are as full as those remote times seem
to demand, and, at the same time, his inquiries of the antiquarian
kind omit nothing which can be an object of doubt or curiosity.
The one as well as the other is delineated with great perspicuity,
and no less propriety, which are the true ornaments of this kind
of writing; all superfluous embellishments are avoided; and the
reader will hardly find in our language any performance that
unites together so perfectly the two great points of entertainment
and instruction."-DAVID HUME: see Chambers and Thomson's
Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, ed. 1855, iii. 31.
We have already hinted that Henry would have suc-gister.
ceeded better had he attempted less; and in this connexion
the following remarks are not out of place:
“DR. JOHNSON.— I have heard Henry's History of Great Britain
well spoken of I am told it is carried on in separate divisions,
as the civil. the military, the religious history. I wish much to
have one branch well done, and that is the history of the man-
ners of common life.'
"In the present age there has no work appeared, perhaps, of
greater interest upon the subject of experimental religion, than
the Letters which we now take leave to introduce to the attention
of our readers. They are the production of a master-mind. deeply
read in the Scriptures, in the knowledge of the human heart, and
in the phenomena of Christian experience. . . . Dr. Smith's pre-
face must tend to secure the attention of the public to a work
which must very soon speak for itself in every Christian circle
throughout the land."-Lon. Evangelical Mug.. April, 1829.
Another authority remarks of this work:
"It will be found a treasure to the Anxious Inquirer; and we
hope many of our more advanced readers who watch over the first
impressions of their younger friends will avail themselves of the
powerful aid of this admirable treatise."-Lon. Evangelical Re-
"A valuable work.”—Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
Henry, Capt. W. S. Campaign Sketches of the
War with Mexico, N. York, 12mo.
C
Henry, Walter, Surgeon R. A. Events of a Mili-
tary Life in the Peninsula, &c.; 2d ed., 1843, 2 vols. cr. 8vo.
“A perusal so amused us that we must invite our readers to a
participation in the feast of reason."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
"The storming of Badajoz has been frequently described by
those present at that tremendous conflict; but we do not remein.
ber having heard any thing of it so powerfully affecting as Mr.
Henry's account."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
Henry, Wm., D.D., Rector of Urney, and Dean of
Killaloe. Serms., &c., 1749–62.
826
HEN
HER
1
Henry, Wm., of Lancaster, Pa. Descrip. of a Self-
moving or Sentinel Register: Trans. Amer. Soc., i. 350.
Henry, Wm., M.D., 1775-1836, a son of Thomas
Henry, of Manchester, (ante.) 1. General View of Che-
mistry, Lon., 1799, 12mo. 2. Epitome of Chemistry, 1800,
12mo; Edin., 1806, 8vo; 6th ed., entitled Elements of Ex-
perimental Chemistry, Lon., 1810, 2 vols. 8vo; 1815, 2 vols.
Svo. 3. Dissert. Chemico-Medica, &c., Edin., 1807, 8vo.
Dr. Henry pub. many profess. papers in Phil. Trans., Nic.
Jour., Medico-Chirurg. Trans., and Thom. Ann. Philos.,
1797-1813, and wrote sketches of Priestley, Davy, and
Wollaston, which have been greatly admired.
Henryson, Edward. 1. Com. in Tit. x. lib. secundi
1. Com. in Tit. x. lib. secundi
Institutionum, Par., 1556, 8vo. 2. Pro Eguinardo Barone
adversus Goveanum de Jurisdictione, libri duo, Par., 1655,
8vo.
Henryson, Edward, LL.D. The Actis and Con-
stitutiouns of the Realme of Scotland, Edin., 1566, fol.
1
11
Henryson, or Henderson, Robert, a poet of the
15th century, chief-schoolmaster of Dunfermline, Scot-
land. 1. The Traitie of Orpheus Kyng, Edin., 1508.
Printed by Chapman and Millar. 2. The Testament of
Cressid, Edin., 1593, 4to. This poem is a sequel to
Chaucer's Troilus and Creseide, and is printed in some
eds. of that poet's works. 3. Fabils, 1621; thirteen in
number. Printed by Andrew Hart. There were several
earlier eds. Reprinted for the Bannatyne Club in 1832.
One of the best of the fables is the poulands Mouse
and the Burgesse Mouse. But the most beautiful of all
his productions is Robene and Makyne, alleged to be the
earliest specimen of pastoral poetry in the Scottish lan-
guage. This poem, with the Testament of Cressid, was
printed (sixty-five copies) for the Bannatyne Club, by
George Chalmers, in 1824, 4to, £3 138. 6d. Specimens
of Henryson's poetry will be found in the collections of
Hailes, Pinkerton, Ramsay, Sibbald, Irving, and Ellis.
The various works of Henryson afford so excellent a specimen
The various works of son afford so excellent a
of the Scottish language and versification, that a complete col-
lection, printed with due accuracy and accompanied with proper
illustrations, could not fail to be highly acceptable to the lovers
of our early literature."-DR. DAVID IRVING: see his Lives of the
Scottish Poets, and his article on Henryson in the Encyc. Brit.,
and references there subjoined.
Henshall, Samuel, d. 1807, Rector of St. Mary,
Stratford-Bow, Essex. 1. Specimens and Parts: Hist. of
Kent, &c., Lon., 1793, '98, 4to. 2. Saxon and English
Languages, 1798, 4to. 3. Domesday-Book; trans., with
Introduc. Notes and Illust. of S. Henshall and John Wil-
To this should be added the recently-
kinson, 1799, 4to.
made Index.
"This most ancient record in the kingdom is the register from
which judgment was to be given upon the value, tenure, and
services of the lands therein described, and was made from the
survey ordered by William the Conqueror. IT IS STYLED BY
HUME THE MOST VALUABLE PIECE OF ANTIQUITY POSSESSED BY ANT
NATION.'
"">
Respecting Domesday-Book, see Marvin's Leg. Bibl.,
271–273, and works there referred to. 4. Serm., 1805. 5.
Etymological Organic Reasoner, &c., 1807, No. 1.
1
Henshaw, David, 1790-1852, a native of Leicester,
Mass.; Collector of the Port of Boston, 1830–38; nomi-
nated Secretary of the Navy by President Tyler in 1843,
but not confirmed by the Senate. He was a frequent con-
tributor to the columns of the Boston Post, and to cther
periodicals.
Henshaw, Nathaniel, M.D. Aëro-Chalinos; or, A
Register for the Air, Dubl., 1644; Lon., 1677, 12mo.
Henshaw, Thomas. May-Dew; Phil. Trans.. 1665.
Henshon, Gravenor. The Civil, Political, and
Mechanical Hist. of the Framework Knitters in Europe.
and America, Notting., 1831, 8vo; all pub.
See a review of the Life and Character of Bishop
shaw, in N. York Church Review, v. 397.
Henshaw, Joseph, D.D., d. 1678, Preb. of Peterbo-
rough, Dean of Chichester, 1660; Bishop of Peterborough,
1663. 1. Horæ Succissive, Lon., 1631, Svo; 2d and 3d
eds., same year; 5th ed., 1640, 12mo; 7th ed., 1661, 12mo.
New ed., by Wm. Turnbull, 1839, 18mo. 2. Dayly Thoughts;
3d ed., 1651, Svo. New ed., with a third part by Bishop
Kidder, 1841, 18mo.
"This, though in several respects a shallow and prejudiced, is,
on the whole, a curious and interesting, work; and it is to be re
gretted that it was not finished."-McCullock's Lit. of Polit. Eco.
Henslow, Rev. John Stevens, M.A., Prof. of Bo-
tany in the Univ. of Cambridge. 1. Principles of Descrip.
and Physiog. Botany, Lon., 1835, fp. Svo; 1841. fp. 8vo.
2. Letters to the Farmers of Suffolk, 1843, 8vo. 3. Books
of Moses, adapted to Young Persons, 1848, 12mo. 4.
Papers in Ann. of Philos., Trans. Brit. Assoc, &c. See a
biographical sketch of Prof. H. in Knight's Eng. Cyc.,
Biog., vol. vi., Supp.
Henslowe, William Henry, Curate of West Til-
bury, Essex. 1. Eight Serms., Lon.. 1836, Svo. 2. Pho-
narthron; or. Sounds of Speech, 1841, r. Svo.
Hentz, Mrs. Caroline Lee, d. Feb. 11, 1856, at
Marianna, Florida, was a native of Lancaster, Mass., a
daughter of General John Whiting, and a sister of Gene-
ral Henry Whiting, U.S. Army. In 1825 Miss Whiting
was married to Professor N. M. Hentz. Mrs. Hentz was a
voluminous contributor, both of prose and poetry, to the
periodicals of the day; and many of her tales have been
collected into volumes, which proved so popular that 93,000
were sold in America in the course of three years. In
addition to the works included in the following list, sho
has written De Lara, or the Moorish Bride, a Tragedy,
which gained a prize of $500, (pub. in book form;) La-
morah, or The Western Wild, a Tragedy, (pub. in a news-
paper at Columbus, Georgia ;) Constance of Werdenberg,
a Tragedy, (unpub.;) Human and Divine Philosophy, a
poem; and other poetical pieces. 1. Aunt Patty's Scrap
Bag, 1846. 2. The Mob Cap, and other Tales, 1848. 3.
4.
Linda; or, the Young Pilot of the Belle Creole, 1850.
Rena; or, the Snow Bird, 1851. 5. Marcus Warland; or,
the Long Moss Spring, 1852. 6. Eoline; or, Magnolia Vale,
1852. 7. Wild Jack; or, The Stolen Child, 1853. S. Helen
and Arthur; or, Miss Thusa's Spinning Wheel, 1853. 9.
Ugly Effie; or, The Neglected One and the Beauty, 1853.
10. The Planter's Northern Bride, 1854. 11. Love after
other Stories.
12. The Banished Son; and
Marriage; and other Stories.
13. The Victim of Excitement: the Parlour
Serpent; and other Novelettes. 14. The Flowers of Elo-
15. Robert Graham; a sequel
cution; a Class-Book, 1855.
to Linda, 1856. 16. Ernest Linwood, 1856.
An interest-
ing sketch of Mrs. Hentz, by Madame Octavia Walton Le
Vert, of Mobile, will be found in Professor Hart's Female
Prose Writers of America.
Henville, Philip. Serms., &c., Lon., 1799, 1800.
Hepburn, George. Tarrugo Unmasked; or, An
Answer to Apollo Mathematicus, Edin., 1698, 4to.
Hepburn, George Buchan. General View of the
Agricult., &c. of Mid-Lothian, Lon., 1794, 4to.
"Always reckoned one of the best of the many county views that
were received by the Board of Agriculture.”—Donaldson's Ag. Bing.
Hepburn, James Bonaventura, 1573-1620? a
native of Hamstocks, Haddingtonshire, Scotland, was ce-
lebrated for his knowledge of tongues. It is declared that
he was acquainted with seventy-two languages! He pub.
a Hebrew and Chaldaic Dictionary, and an Arabic Gram-
mar, Rome, 1591, 4to, and left some MS. trans. from the
Hebrew. See Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of
Eminent Scotsmen, and authorities there quoted.
Hepburn, John. The American Defence of The
Christian Golden Rule, 1715, Svo.
Hepburn, Robert, a native of Scotland, b. 1690.
1. Demonstratio quod Deus sit. Edin., 1714, 8vo. 2. Dis-
sert. de Scriptis Pitearnianis, 1715, Svo. In 1711 he began
the publication of a periodical paper, of which 30 Nos.
were pub., entitled The Tatler, by Donald Macstaff of the
North. Lord Hailes styles Hepburn
"Ingenii præcocis et præfervidi." See Tytler's Life of Lord
Kames.
Henshaw, J. Sidney, changed from J. Henshaw
Belcher, by the Penn. Legislature, in 1845, b. Bos-
ton, 1814, descended from the Colonial Governor, Jona-
than Belcher. 1. Philosophy of Human Progress, 1835.
2. Incitements to Moral and Intellectual Well-doing, 1836.
3. Round the World, 1840, 2 vols.; 2d ed., 1846. 4. Life
of Father Mathew, 1847, 18mo. 5. U.S. Manual for Con-
suls, 1849, 18mo, &c.
Henshaw, John Prentis Kewley, D.D., d. 1852,
a native of Middletown, Conn., for many years Rector of
St. Peter's Church, Baltimore, was consecrated Bishop of
Rhode Island in 1843. 1. On Confirmation, Balt. 2. So-
lection of Hymus. 3. Lects. on the Advent. 4. Theology |
for the People of Baltimore, 1840, Svo.
"Sound and practical.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
Hepwith, John. The Caledonian Forest, Lon., 1641,
4to. A poetical tract of 14 leaves on some political cha-
Hon-racters of the day.
Herapath, Edwin John Moore, b. 1822, a bar-
rister, a son of John Horapath, is the editor of a work on
Railway Law, and of Herapath's Journal.
Herapath, John, b. in Bristol, England, 1793, is
author of a very valuable work on Mathematical Physics,
Lon., 1847, 2 vols. Svo, still (1856) in progress of publi-
cation; and of various treatises on physics and mathema-
ties, experiments on Four and Six Wheel Locomotives, &c.;
82
HER
HER
also editor of the Railway Magazine, and of Herapath's
Railway Journal from 1838 to the present time.
Herapath, Thornton John, b. in Bristol, England,
1830, a son of William Herapath Thornton, is author of
numerous memoirs on chemical subjects.
Herapath, William, b. in Bristol, England, 1796,
an eminent chemist and toxicologist, is author of several
memoirs and reports on chemical subjects.
Herapath, William Bird, M.D., b. in Bristol, Eng-"a
land, a son of William Herapath, is author of several me-
moirs on medical subjects.
Herard, Moses. His Pleadings in the Duke of Ma-
zarin's Case, Lon., 1699, Svo.
Heraud, J. A. 1. Stamp Tables, Lon., 1798, 4to. 2.
Stamp Laws, 1801, Syo. Supp., 1801, Svo. 3. Stamp Laws
and Duties, 1824, Svo.
p. Svo.
Heraud, John Abraham. 1. Descent into Hell;
and other Poems, Lon., 12mo. 2. Judgment of the Flood;
a Poem, imp. Svo. 3. Legend of St., Loy; and other Poems,
Svo. 4. Voyages up the Mediterranean and other Seas,
See Church of Eng. Quar. Rev.; Lon. Naval and
Military Gazette. 5. Salavera: a Tragedy. 6. The Two
Brothers. 7. Videna; a Tragedy, Svo. See Powell's Liv
ing Authors of England, N. York, 1849: Dr. Shelton Mac-
kenzie's ed. of Noctes Ambrosianæ, 1855, iii. 459.
Herbert, Mr. The Spanish Outlaw; a Nov., 1807, 4
vols.
Herbert, Hon. Algernon, 1792-1855, sixth and
youngest son of Henry, Earl of Carnarvon, and Elizabeth
Alicia Maria, daughter of Charles, Earl of Egremont, was
educated at Eton, at Christ Church, and at Exeter College,
and in 1815 became Fellow of Merton College, Oxford. In
1815 he was called to the Bar by the Hon. Society of the
Middle Temple. 1. Nimrod; a Discourse upon Certain
Passages of History and Fable, Part 1, 1826, Svo, pp. 650.
Remodelled, 1828, 2 vols. 8vo; vol. iii., 1828, Svo; vol. iv.,
Pt. 1, 1829; vol. iv. Pt. 2, 1830. A work of great learn-
ing. 2. Britannia after the Romans, 1836-41, 2 vols. 4to.
3. An Essay on the Neo-Druidic Heresy. 4. Nennius: the
Irish Version of the Historia Britonum, with an Intro-
duction and Notes, 1848, 4to. For the Irish Archæological
Society. 5. Cyclops Christianus: an Argument to disprove
the supposed Antiquity of Stonehenge, and other Mega-
lithic erections in England and Britanny, 1849, Svo.
"Mr. Herbert was a man of extraordinary learning and very
acute understanding, and certainly the foremost writer in that
line of research in which he was engaged."-Lam. Gent. Mag., Dec.
1855. where see a biographical sketch of this eminent scholar.
Herbert, Arthur, Earl of Torringdon. I. A Plain
Relation of the Action at Sea, between his Fleet and
the French, from June 22 to July 5, Lon., 1690, 4to. 2.
An Impartial Account of some remarkable Passages in
his Life, 1691, 4to.
Herbert, Caroline. Human Life with variations;
or, The Chapter of Accidents, 1818, 12mo.
"Lord Herbert of Cherbury, in his treatise De Veritate, and still
more in that De Religione Gentilium, has been justly deemed
inimical to every positive religion. He admits. indeed, the possi
bility of immediate revelation from heaven, but denies that any
tradition from others can have sufficient certainty. Five funda-
mental truths of natural religion he holds to be such as all man-
kind are bound to acknowledge, and dains those heathens who
do not receive them as summarily as any theologian."-Hallam's
Lit. Hist. of Europe.
I
Herbert, Charles. The Introduc. to the Dutch
Jurisprudence of Hugo Grotius; now first rendered into
English, Lon., Svo.
Herbert, Lord Edward, of Cherbury, in Shrop-
shire, 1581-1648, the descendant of a very ancient family,
which even to the present time (1856) adorns the Republic
of Letters, was born at Montgomery Castle, in Wales, edu-
cated at University College, London, and subsequently
distinguished himself as a soldier on the continent, an
ambassador in France, and an author abroad and at home.
1. De Veritate, prout distinguitur à Revelatione Veri-
simili, Possibili, et à Falso, Paris, 1624; Lon., 1633, 4to.
Cui operi additi sunt duo alii tractatus: primus de causis
errorum; alter de Religione Laici, Lon., 1645, 4to; 1656, |
12mo. 2. De Religione Gentilium; Errorumque apud eos
Causis, Amst., 1663, 4to; 1700, Svo. In English, Lon.,
1705, 8vo. In his De Veritate and De Religione Gentilium
"His lordship seems to have been one of the first that formed
Deism into a system, and asserted the sufficiency, universality,
and absolute perfection of natural religion, with a view to discard
all extraordinary revelation as useless and needless. He seems to
assume to himself the glory of having accomplished it with great
labour and a diligent inspection into all religions, and applauds
himself for it as happier than any Archimedes.”—Leland's Deist-
ical Writers.
Yet it has been observed of De Veritate, that, although
written to disprove the truth of the Scriptures, it is
"A book so strongly embued with the light of revelation rela-
tive to the moral virtues and a future life, that no man ignorant
of the Scriptures or of the knowledge derived from them could
have written it."-Editor of 4th ed. of Lord Herbert's Life.
It is certainly not a little curious that his lordship
should have sought-and, according to his own account,
have received-a revelation from heaven to encourage the
publication of his work in disproof of Revelation? He
asked for a sign," and was answered-he assures us-by
loud, though yet gentle, noise from the heavens."
"There is no stronger characteristic of human nature than its
being open to the grossest contradictions. One of Lord Herbert's
chief arguments against revealed religion is the improbability that
heaven should reveal its will to only a portion of the earth, which
he terms particular religion. How could a man (supposing tho
accident genuine) who doubted of partial, believe individual, reve-
latin? What vanity, to think his Look of such importance to the
cause of truth, that it could extort a declaration of the Divine will,
when the interests of half mankind could not."-HORACE WALPOLE:
R. and N. Authors.
Lord Herbert's arguments against Revelation have been
answered by Gassendi, Baxter, Locke, Leland, Halyburton,
Bishop Van Mildert, Kortholt, &c.
named is entitled De tribus Impostoribus magnis Liber,
Kiloni, 1680, Svo; Hamburg, 1701, 4to.
The work of the last-
6.
In this treatise the principles of the three great deistical lead-
ers, Herbert, Hobbes, and Spinosa, are thoroughly exposed; copious
quotations are given from their writings; and the authors are
exhibited in their true light as wilful deceivers."-BISHOP VAN
MILDERT.
But see Leland's Deistical Writers.
3. History of the Life and Reign of Henry VIII. of
England, Lon., 1649, '72, 'S2, fol. In Kennet's Collec., ii.
P.
1, 1706. Also, reprinted by Horace Walpole, 1770, 4to.
An excellent work.
An eminent authority, after enumerating a number of
works upon this period, remarks:
"Above all, Edward, Lord Herbert, of Cherbury, may be truly
said to have written the life and reign of King Henry the Eighth
having acquitted himself with the like reputation as the Lord-
Chancellor Bacon gained by that of Henry the Seventh. For, in
the politic and martial part this honourable author has been ad-
mirably particular and exact, from the best records that were
extant; though, as to the ecclesiastical, he seems to have looked
upon it as a thing out of bis province, and an undertaking more
proper for men of another profession.”"-BISHOP NICOLSON: Eng.
Hist. Lib.
|
•
To this it may be added that he throws considerable light upon
our legal history. . . . The chief error in this production is, that
the noble historian is too favourably disposed towards his hero,
and treats with too lenient and palliating a hand the cruelties and
vices of that monarch. In other respects the Life of Henry VIII.
is a highly valuable work, and contains much information which
is not to be had elsewhere.”—Lon. Retrospec. Rev., vii. 329, 1823.
"His reign of Henry the Eighth is allowed to be a masterpiece
of historic biography."-IIORACE WALPOLE: Advert. to the Life of
Lord Herbert.
"Has ever been esteemed one of the best histories in the English
language; but there is not in it that perfect candour which one
would wish, or expect to see, in so celebrated a historian. He has
given us a much juster portrait of himself than he has of Henry.
He appears to have laid open every foible or defect in his own cha-
racter, but has cast the monstrous vices of that merciless tyrant
into shade, and has displayed to great advantage his gallantry,
magnificence, and generosity."-Granger's Biog. Hist of Eng.
"A book of good authority, relatively at least to any that pre-
ceded, and written in a manly and judicious spirit."-Hallam's
Lit. Hist. of Europe.
"Lord Herbert's Henry the 8th well deserves reading; he was
a free-thinker and a free writer. his information was good, and the
era particularly interesting."-RICHARD FARMER, D.D.
4. Expeditio Buckinghami Ducis in Ream insulam, anno
1630, ed. Timoth. Baldwin, 1656, 8vo. 5. Occasional
Verses, 1665, Svo, pp. 104, pub. by his son, Henry Herbert,
and dedicated to Edward, Lord Herbert, his (the author's)
grandson. An extremely rare vol. Bibl. Anglo-Poet.,
376, £15. Sotheby's, in 1825, £5 58. Bindley, Pt. 2, 658,
£6 1S8.
"His lordship's scarce volume of Occasional Poems consists
chiefly of metaphysical love-verses; ingenious, but unnatura);
platonic in sentiment, but frequently gross in expression; and
marked by an eccentricity which pervaded the life and character
of Lord Herbert. Two short effusions. however, may not be un-
acceptable."-Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors,
The critic quotes-To A Young Pale Beauty, and To His
Watch, When He Could Not Sleep.
"Like his brother, George Herbert, whose poems we notice i in
a former volume, Lord Herbert is often both rugged and obscure
in his verses. The sword was much better suited to his hand
than the lyre; and we shall not, therefore, at present, favour the
reader with any specimens of his verses."-Lon. Retrospective Rev.,
vii. 330, 1823.
"Others of his poems are dispersed among the works of other
authors, particularly in Joshua Sylvester's Lachryme Lachryma-
rum; or, The Spirit of Tears distilled for the untimely Death of
Priuce Henry, London, 1613, 4to.”—HORACE WALPOLE: R. and N.
Authors. And see Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., iii. 242.
6. The British Princes; an Heroic Poem, 1669, Svo.
7. A Dialogue between a Tutor and his Pupil, 1768, 4to.
8. Life of Lord Herbert, written by himself. Printed by
828
HER
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|
marks on bis Writings and Sketch of his Life, by William
Jerdan, 1853, sm. Svo. 12. Works in Prose and Verse,
edited by the Rev. Robert Aris Willmott, Incumbent of
Bear Wood, 1854, fp.
Horace Walpole, Strawberry Hill, 1764, 4to. 200 copies
printed, Lon., 1770, '78, '92, 4to. With a prefatory notice
uscribed to Sir Walter Scott, 1809, 8vo. New ed., 1826,
8vo. Respecting eds., see Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.,
iii. 242; Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 912-913; Ketrosp. Rev.,
vii. 331, 1823; Horace Walpole's preface to Lord Herbert's
Life; Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors, iii. 19-22. Cole
styles his lordship's autobiography
“I am not aware that any Edition of Herbert's Poetry or Prose
has hitherto appeared with Notes or Illustrations. The present
attempt to supply that want may, therefore, be received with some
forbearance and favour."-Willmoll's Preface. And see Willmott's
Lives of the Sacred English Poets.
But Mr. Wilmott had certainly forgotten Mr. Pickering's
ed., with Notes by S. T. Coleridge, 1846, 2 vols. Mr. Gil-
fillan's annotated ed. appeared in 1853. See Nos. 7 and
10, above. 13. Poems, illustrated by Birket Foster, Noel
Humphreys, and John Clayton, 1856, cr. Svo. The effect
of the publication of The Temple, in a day of abounding
literary licentiousness, was most decided and most salutary.
Henry Vaughan, in his warm acknowledgments to the
author, doubtless expressed the feelings of many:
"The first that, with any effectual success, attempted a diver-
sion of this foul and overflowing stream, was the blessed man,
Mr. George Herbert, whose holy life and verse gained many pious
converts, of whom I am the least,-and gave the first check to a
most flourishing and admired Wit of his time.”—Preface to Silex
Scintillans; or," "Sacred Poems and Private Ejaculations, 1650.
"A most romantic life.... Ile seems to be the vainest of all
mortals, as also the most of a Quixote,-a character one would not
expect in the author of De Veritate." See Bliss's Wood's Athen.
Oxon., iii. 242.
|
"The most extraordinary account that was ever given by a wise
man of himself. Few have figured so conspicuously, in lights so
various, as the famous Lord Herbert of Cherbury. As a soldier
his valour. made him a hero, and won for him the esteem of the
great captains of the age, Montgomery and the Prince of Orange;
as a knight, his chivalry was drawn from the purest founts of the
Fairy Queen.... As a public minister, he supported the dignity
of his country, even when its Prince disgraced it. . . . These busy
scenes were mingled with, and terminated by, meditation and
philosophic enquiries. Strip each period of its excesses and errors.
and it will not be easy to trace out or dispose the life of a man of
quality into a succession of employments which would better be-
come him. Valour and military activity in youth; business of
state in the middle age; contemplation and labours for the infor-
mation of posterity in the calmer scenes of a closing life: this
was Lord Ilerbert."-HORACE WALPOLE: Preface to Lord Herbert's
Life.
"fle was a person well studied in the arts and languages, a good
philosopher and historian, and understood men as well as books.
as it evidently appears in his writings."-WOOD: Athen. Oxon.,
Bliss's ed., 1817, iii. 239.
•
Lord Herbert stands in the first rank of the public ministers,
historians, and philosophers of his age. It is hard to say whether
his person, his understanding, or his courage, was the most ex-
traordinary; as the fair, the learned, and the brave, held him in
equal admiration. But the same man was wise and capricious;
redressed wrongs and quarrelled for punctilios; hated bigotry in
religion, and was himself a bigot to philosophy. He exposed him-
self to such dangers as other men of courage would have carefully
declined; and called in question the fundamentals of religion
which none had the hardiness to dispute beside himself.”-
GRANGER: Biog. Hist. of Eng., 5th ed., 1824. ii. 319.
Herbert, Sir Edward, Lord Chief-Justice of Eng-
land. An Account of the Authorities in Law upon which
Judgment was given in Sir Edward Hale's Case, Lon.,
16SS, 4to. See Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib., ed.
1776, 159; Sir J. Mackintosh's Works, ii. 64, 70, 76, S7.
Herbert, Evan. Serm., Lon., 1822, Svo.
Herbert, George, 1593-1632, a descendant of the
Earls of Pembroke, and a younger brother of Lord Her-
bert of Cherbury, was also born at Montgomery Castle,
in Wales; was educated at Westminster School, and there
elected to Trinity College, Cambridge, of which he was
elected Fellow; University Orator, 1619; took holy orders,
and was made Prebendary of Layton Ecclesia, in the dio-
cese of Lincoln, by Archbishop Williams; and in 1630 was
presented by King Charles I. to the living of Bemerton.
For the details of the biography of this eminent character
we must refer the reader to the charming narrative of
Izaak Walton. As a divine, he was distinguished for fer-
vent piety and exemplary zeal in the propagation of truth;
as an author, he justly ranks, both in prose and poetry,
among the best writers in the language. 1. Oratio qua
Auspicatissimum Sereniss. Princ. Caroli reditum ex His-
paniis celebravit G. H. Acad. Cantab. Orator, Cantab., 1623,
4to. 2. A Trans. of Cornaro on Temperance. 3. The
Temple Sacred Poems and Private Ejaculations, 1633,
12mo, pp. 204. Within a few years after the first impres-
sion, 20,000 copies of this work were sold. 4. Jacula Pru-
dentum; or, Outlandish Proverbs, Sentences, &c., 1640;
2d ed., enlarged, Lon., 1651, 12mo. 5. A Priest to the
Temple; or, The Country Parson, his Character and Rule
of Holy Life, 1652, 12mo. Many eds. 6. Remains, 1652,
12mo. 7. Poemata varii Argumenti, 1678, 12mo. Pub.
by W. Dillingham. S. Life, by Izaak Walton, with his
Letters, and others to his Mother, written by Dr. Donne,
1670, 12mo. Walton's Life of Herbert is prefixed to some
eds. of The Temple, and to his Works. There have been
many modern eds. of The Temple, The Country Parson,
&c. We notice-1. The Country Parson, 1840, '48, 32mo. |
2. The Temple, and The Country Parson, 1847, r. 32mo;
1848, r. 32mo. 3. The Temple, 1850, sm. Svo; 1853, 18mo.
4. The Temple, and Sacred Poems, 1854, 18mo. 5. Re-
mains, 1848, 12mo. 6. Poems, 1840, 32mo; 1844, fp. Svo;
1853, 32mo. 7. Poetical Works, with Life, Critical Disser-
tations, and Explanatory Notes, 1853, Svo. By George
Gilfillan, (Library of the British Poets.) 8. Poetical
Works, 1855, Svo. 9. Complete Works, 1854, 12mo.
10. Works in Prose and Verse, with Life by Izaak Wal-
ton, and Notes by S. T. Coleridge, 1846, 2 vols. 8vo; and
in 2 vols. 12mo. 11. Works in Prose and Verse, with Re-
The eulogy of the celebrated Baxter is equally honour-
able to our author. After enumerating the characteristics
of a number of popular poets of his time, he remarks:
"But I must confess. after all, that, next the Scripture Poems,
there are none so savoury to me as Mr. George Herbert's and Mr.
George Sandys. I know that Cowley and others far exceed Her-
bert in wit and accurate composure; but as Seneca takes with me
above all his contemporaries, because he speaketh things by
words, feelingly and seriously, like a man that is past jest; so
Herbert speaks to God like one that really believeth a God, and
whose business in the world is most with God. Heart-work and
Heaven-work make up his books."-Prefutory Address to Baxter's
Poetical Fragments, 1681.
Baxter's reference to Cowley reminds us that Herbert
is least esteemed by modern readers where he approaches
the closest to that extravagance of conceit which made
the author of the Davideis so great a favourite with his
pedantic age.
The following criticisms would have been read with un-
feigned amazement by the pupils of Cowley and their
admirers:
"A writer of the same class, though infinitely inferior to both
Quarles and Crashaw. His poetry is a compound of enthusiasm
without sublimity, and conceit without either ingenuity or ima-
gination.... When a man is once reduced to the impartial test
of time, when partiality, friendship, fashion, and party, have
by past subjects of admiration that now cease to strike. He who
withdrawn their influence.-—our surprise is frequently excited
|
takes up the poems of Herbert would little suspect that he had
been public orator of an university, and a favourite of his sove-
reign that he had received flattery and praise from Donne and
from Bacon; and that the biographers of the day had enrolled his
name among the first names of his country.”—Headley's Select
Beauties of Ancient English Poetry, i., liv., lv., 1810.
cation to him of his translation of some of the Psalms,-
Bacon's admiration of Herbert was evinced by his ded1-
"it being," as he says, his "manner for dedications to
choose those that I hold most fit for the argument."
It is believed that Herbert reciprocated the civility of
his friend by aiding him in the translation of several of
his works from English into Latin.
ment, but is disposed to place a more favourable estimate
Henry Neele partially coincides with Headley's judg-
upon Herbert's natural poetical powers:
His beauties of thought and diction are so overloaded with
far-fetched conceits and quaintnesses, low and vulgar and even
indelicate imagery, and a pertinacious appropriation of Scripture
language and figure, in situations where they make a most un-
seemly exhibition, that there is now very little probability of his
ever regaining the popularity which he has lost. That there was
much, however, of the real poetical temperament in the composi
tion of his mind, the following lines, although not free from his
characteristic blemishes, will abundantly prove:
"Sweet Day! so cool, so calm, so bright,'" &c.
Lects. on English Poetry.
The many editions of Herbert's Poems now issuing
from the press prove that the critic was mistaken in sup-
posing that the popularity of the poet had departed, never
to return.
The judgment of the critics next to be quoted, un-
doubtedly, is that of the modern admirers of Herbert's
poetry:
"For ourselves, we are greatly inclined to prefer Herbert's
homelier poems to those on which he lavished so much ingenuity.
Many of these latter have, indeed, fine passages: but the lofty
thought too often is followed by one actually ludicrous, and the
beautiful figure by another its very reverse."-Review of the
Works of George Herbert: Brit. Quar. Rev.
"We think that those who have a real relish for devotional
them: at the same time, no reader of taste and rational views of
poetry will find passages in Herbert that may refresh and delight
religion but must lament and wonder at the strange and almost
$29
HER
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In comprehensible turn of some of the poems."-Herbert's Poems: well. 3. Marmaduke Wyvil. 4. The Roman Traitor. 5.
¦
Lon. Retrosp. Rev., iii. 215-222, 1821.
Mr. Hallam notices the same fault in Herbert's principal
prose production :
"His Country Parson is, on the whole, a pleasing little book;
but the precepts are sometimes so overstrained, according to our
notions, as to give an air of affectation."-Introduc. to the Lit. of
Europe.
The Miller of Martigny. 6. Guarica; or, The Carik
Bride. 7. Sherwood Forest; or, Wager of Battle. 8. The
Knights of England, France, and Scotland. 9. The Che-
valiers of France. 10. The Cavaliers of England. 11.
Dermot O'Brien. 12. Persons and Pictures in French and
English History. 13. The Falls of the Wyalusing. 14.
Pierre the Partisan.
Addison takes our poet to task for his exhibition of a
species of "false wit," which "was revived by several
poets of the last age, and in particular may be met with
Mr. Herbert's Poems."
aniong
For an explanation of the subject of Addison's censure,
which is not necessarily connected with the faults com-
plained of by the critics previously quoted, we must refer
the render to The Spectator, No. 58.
As regards the quaintness and conceits which so greatly
offend the taste of the present age, Mr. Willmott shows us
that they are not altogether indefensible, and that we are
not to condemn with hasty vehemence, without a charitable
degree of patience :
v
Even the friendly taste of Mr. Keble was offended by the con-
stant flutter of his fancy, forever hovering round and round the
theme. But this was a peculiarity which the most gifted writers
admired. Dryden openly avowed that nothing appeared more
beautiful to him than the imagery in Cowley, which some readers
condemned. It must, at least, be said, in praise of this creative
playfulness, that it is a quality of the intellect singularly sprightly
and buoyant; it ranges over a boundless landscape, pierces into
every corner, and by the light of its own fire-to adopt a phrase
of Temple-discovers a thousand little bodies or images in the
world. unseen by common eyes, and only manifested by the rays
of that poetic sun."-Introduc. to Herbert's Works, 1854; see No.
12, ante.
It would be well, therefore, for modern objectors to
what they deem Herbert's faults, before they let the dust
accumulate upon his Temple and his Country Parson, to
ponder the above suggestions, and not to forget the fol-
lowing sagacious remarks of a critic entitled to great
deference:
Having mentioned the name of Herbert, that model of a man,
a gentleman and a clergyman, let me add, that the quaintness of
some of his thoughts-not of his diction, than which nothing can
be more pure, manly, and unaffected-has blinded modern readers
to the great general merits of his poems, which are for the most
part exquisite in their kind."-S. T. COLERIDGE.
CC
As for ourselves, had Herbert no other claim to our
affection, it would be sufficient to insure our gratitude
that in the dark days of the gentle Cowper, when he
struggled for life with the "foul fiend Melancholy" and
found no rest for his distracted and horror-stricken soul, the
soothing strains of Herbert's muse subdued the evil spirit,
and proved an effectual comforter in the time of trouble :
"I was struck. not long after my settlement in the Temple,
with such a dejection of spirits as none but they who have felt
the same can have the least conception of. Day and night I was
on the rack; lying down in horror. and rising up in despair. I
presently lost all relish for those studies to which I had before
been closely attached. The classics had no longer any charms
for me: I had need of something more salutary than amusement,
but I had no one to direct me where to find it. At length I met
with Herbert's Poems; and, Gothic and uncouth as they were, I
yet found in them a strain of piety which I could not but admire.
This was the only author I had any delight in reading. I pored
over him all day long; and, though I found not here what I
might have found,—a cure for my malady.—yet it never seemed
so much alleviated as while I was reading him.”
Herbert, Henry, Earl of Pembroke. Military Equita-
tion; or, a Method of breaking Horses, and teaching Sol-
diers to ride, 1761, 12mo; 1778, sm. Svo; 4th ed., 1793. 4to.
Herbert, Henry John George, third Earl of
Carnarvon, d. 1849. See CARNARVON, LORD, and Gent.
Mag., Feb. 1850.
Herbert, Henry William, h. in London, April 7,
1807, son of the Hon. and Rev. William Herbert, Dean
of Manchester, and the Hon. Letitia Emily Dorothea,
daughter of Viscount Allen and descended in direct male
line from the Earls of Pembroke and Percy, was educated
at Eton, and graduated in 1828 at Caius College, Cam-
bridge, of which he is a prizeman and scholar. Mr. Her-
bert emigrated to New York in 1831, and from this
period until 1839 was engaged as principal Greek teacher
in Mr. Huddart's classical academy. In the latter year
he was married to Sarah, daughter of John Barker, of
Bangor, Maine, by whom he has issue one son, William
George. Since his marriage Mr. Herbert has devoted
bimself solely to authorship and the sports of the fields.
He resides in a beautiful cottage ("The Cedars") on the
Danks of the Passaic, near Newark, New Jersey. Mr.
bert has been a very voluminous author; and the following
list of works exhibits sufficient evidence of great literary
industry, inspired by a remarkable versatility of talent.
NOVELS AND NOVELETTES:-1. The Brothers 2. Crom-
HISTORY:-15. The Captains of the Greek Republics.
17. Henry
16. The Captains of the Roman Republic.
VIII. and his Six Wives. 18. The Royal Maries of
Medieval History, (in MS. at the time of his death.)
TRANSLATIONS:-19. Matilda. 20. The Wandering Jew.
21. John Cavalier. 22. Atar Gull. 23. The Salamander;
from Eugene Sue. 24, 25. Diana of Meridor and Acte of
Corinth; from Alex. Dumas. 26. Weiss's Protestant Re-
fugees. 27. The Prometheus and Agamemnon of Æschylus.
28. Poetry from French and Italian Authors.
POETRY:-Many fugitive pieces.
SPORTING WORKS, published under the name of FRANK
FORESTER:-29. The Field Sports of the United States
and the British Provinces in America, 1849, 2 vols. 8vo;
last ed., 1858, 2 vols. Svo.
30. The Fish and Fish-Book
of do., 1849-50, 2 vols. Svo. Both of these works are illus-
trated on wood by the author. 31. The Warwick Woodlands.
32. My Shooting-Box. 33. The Deer-Stalkers. These three
were pub. together in London, 1849, 3 vols. p. 8vo, under
the title of Frank Forester and his Friends; or, Woodland
Adventures in the Middle States of North America. 34. The
Quorndon Hounds. 35. Young Sportsman's Complete
Manual of Fowling, Fishing, and Field Sports in general,
illustrated from drawings made from nature by the author.
EDITOR OF The Old Forest Ranger; Dinks and May-
hew On the Dog; Mr. Sponge's Sporting Tour, &c.
To the above list might be added The Horse and Horse-
manship in the United States and British Provinces of
North America; American Gume in its Seasons; an edit.
of Goldsmith's Hist. of Greece, &c. Mr. Herbert was the
originator, in 1833, of the American Monthly Magazine,
and was its editor until 1835. He has also been a con-
tributor of numerous articles to The Lady's Companion;
Godey's Magazine; Graham's Magazine; Sartain's Maga-
zine; Columbian Magazine; Southern Literary Gazette;
Democratic Review; Turf Register; N. York Spirit of the
Times; New York Courier and Inquirer; New World, &c.
Mr. Herbert's fugitive articles, if collected, would pro-
bably fill about forty duodecimo volumes. For a notice of
this popular writer, we refer the reader to the (New York)
Internat. Mag., iii. 289–291.
At the conclusion of our notice of the literary labours
of Mr. Herbert's distinguished father-the Hon. and Very
Rev. William Herbert-the reader will find a glowing tri-
bute to that remarkable versatility of talent for which the
Dean of Manchester was so eminently distinguished. We
need hardly observe, after what has been already recorded,
that the same power of mastery over subjects which have
little or nothing in common is not less observable in the
translator of Eschylus and the chronicler of the Wood-
land Adventures of Frank Forester and his associates in
the sports of the field. We might, indeed, trace this cha-
racteristic versatility of the family as far back as Lord
Herbert of Cherbury, but this is a portrait which we havo
wisely allowed Horace Walpole to paint in his own vivid
colours. We shall display as much prudence in borrowing
the pencil of another-himself one of the most eminent
of American scholars--who has graphically depicted the
prominent features of the subject of our notice:
"Mr. Herbert has long been known to the American reading
world as a writer of great and versatile powers; a poet of vivid
imagination and vigorous style; a successful novelist; an abie
and accomplished critic; and. to another class, whose reading is
comparatively limited.—the Nimrods of the land,-as a consum-
mate master of the mysteries of their craft, practically experienced
in all the ways of shooting, fishing, and hunting, and skilled to
illustrate, alike with pen and pencil, the scenes of forest, river, lake,
and hill, amidst which his amusements and their serious pursuits
chiefly lie. And now he comes before the world in another cha-
racter, that of translator of the most difficult of the Attic trage
dians."-PROFESSOR C. C. FELTON: Review of Herbert's Translations.
from Eschylus: N. Amer. Rev., Ixix. 407–421.
We regret to add that, since the above was written, Mr.
Herbert fell by his own hand, May 17, 1858.
Herbert, Mary, Countess of Pembroke. See SIDNEY.
Herbert, Sir Percy. Certaine Conceptions or Con-
Her-siderations upon the Strange Change of People's Disposi-
tions and Actions of these latter Times, Lon., 1652, 4to.
The fable of Parnell's Hermit is drawn from the story
narrated on p. 220. See Beloe's Anecdotes, vi. 324.
Herbert, Philip, Earl of Pembroke. 1. Specch in the
830
HER
HER
II. ‹f Peers, Lon., 1612, 4to. 2. Speech for an Accommo-
dation, 1642, 4to.
Herbert, Samuel, D.D. Occasional Serms., 1804,8vo.
Herbert, Stanley. John at Home; a Novel, Lon.,
1853, 3 vols. 24mo. See N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1854, 534.
Herbert, Sir Thomas, 1606?-1682, a native of York,
of the Pembroke family, a distinguished traveller, was edu-
cated at Jesus College, Oxford, and Trinity College, Cam-
bridge. 1. A Relation of some Yeares Travels into Africa,
and the greater Asia, &c., Lon., 1634, 38, '65, fol.; 4th
and best ed., with addits., 1677, fol. Trans. into French
by Wiquefort, with addits., Paris, 1663, 4to. At the end
of Herbert's work is a curious Discourse, intended to prove
that Prince Madoc ap Owen Gwynedd discovered America
about three hundred years before Columbus's first.voyage.graphy
Herbert spent four years in Asia and Africa.
"He has bit off in a quaint and lively style the leading features
of Persian society.”—Murray's Account of Travels in Asia.
and Travels.
See the Catalogue in Churchill's Collection of Voyages
2. Threnodia Carolina; an Acct. of the last Two Years
of Charles I., 1678. Reprinted, 1702, 8vo. New ed., with
addits., reprinted by Mr. Nicol, 1813, Svo.
by Mr. Nicol, 1813, Svo. An elegant
and accurate edit. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., iv.
15-42; Censura Literaria, vol. iii.; Drake's Eboracum.
Herbert trans. several books of John de Laet's India Oc-
cidentalis, and assisted Sir Wm. Dugdale in compiling the
3d vol. of his Monasticon Anglicanum.
Herbert, Thomas. 1. Secunda Vox Populi; or,
The Commons' Gratitude to Philip, Earle of Pembroke and
Montgomery, 1641, 4to. A poetical tract of four leaves,
with a wood-cut of the earl, whole length, in full robes
of office. 2. An Elegie upon the Death of Thomas, Earle
of Strafford, 1641, pp. 7. 3. News newly discovered, 1641,
12mo. 4. Keep within Compasse Dick and Robin, &c.,
1641, 12mo; Gordonstoun, 1195, £4. 5. Newes out of Isling-
ton, &c., 1641, 12mo; Gordonstoun, 1194, £4.
Herbert, Thomas, Earl of Pembroke. Numismata
Antiqua et Recentiora omnis generis metalli, et moduli
æri incisi, &c., Lon., 1746, 2 vols. in one, 4to, £7; 2 vols.
in one, fol., £11 118. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1426.
Herbert, W. 1. Beleefe and Confession of Faith,
Lon., 1646, 48, 12mo. 2. Child-Bearing Woman, 1648,
12mo. 3. Catechism, 1648, 12mo. 4. Quadripartite Devo-
tion, 1648, 12mo.
Herbert, William, third Earl of Pembroke, 1580-
1630, a native of Wilton, Wiltshire, educated at New Col-
lege, Oxford, succeeded to his father's honours and estate,
1601; Knight of the Garter, 1604; Governor of Ports-
mouth, 1610; Chancellor of the University of Oxford, 1626;
and about the same time made Lord-Steward of the King's
Household. The character of this nobleman-who is sup-
posed to be the "W. H." of Shakspeare's Sonnets-bas
been admirably drawn by the Earl of Clarendon; and to
his lordship's History of the Rebellion, Bliss's Wood's
Athen. Oxon., Wood's Annals, Park's Walpole's R. and N.
Authors, Collins's Peerage, and Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Eu-
rope, we refer the reader. Poems, written by William, Earl
of Pembroke, &c., many of which are answered, by way
of repartee, by Sir Rudyard, Lon., Svo.
Benjamin
1660,
With other Poems, written by them occasionally and apart,
Lon., 1660, Svo. Hallam supposes that there is an carlier
edit. New ed., with a Preface by Sir S. E. Brydges, 1817.
100 copies printed. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1426.
"The poems, in general, are of little merit; some are grossly
indecent; nor would they be mentioned here except for the inte-
rest recently attached to the author's name. But they throw no
light whatever on the sonnets of Shakspeare."-IALLAM: ubi supra.
Watt attributes to his lordship a work entitled, Of the
Internal and External State of Man in Christ, 1654, 4to.
Certainly the earl's tastes were any thing but theological;
though, indeed, Ben Jonson's compliment implies an im-
partial eclecticism:
"I do but name thee, Pembroke, and I find
It is an epigram on all mankind.”
Pembroke College was named in honour of our noble
author, who, let it not be forgotten, gave to the Bodleian
Library 242 Greek MSS., purchased by him in Italy, and
formerly the property of Francis Barroccio.
Herbert, William, 1718-1795, an eminent typo-
graphical antiquary, has already claimed our notice in our
life of JOSEPH AMES; and to that article, to Dibdin's Ac- |
count of William Herbert, prefixed to vol. i. of the Typo-
graphical Antiquities of Great Britain, and the authorities
subjoined, we refer the reader. 1. Second ed. of Atkyn's
Hist. of Gloucestershire, Lon., 1768, fol. See ATKYNS, SIN
ROBT., p. SO. 2. Typographical Antiq. of G. Brit. and
Ireland, 3 vols. 4to: i, 1785; ii. 1786; iii. 1790. See (ante)
1
also life of DIBDIN, THOMAS, FROGNALL, D.D., in this vol
The Typographical Antiquities is justly commended by an
eminent authority as
"A very valuable and accurate work, and as honourable to the
British nation as to the deep critical researches of the original com-
piler, Mr. Ames, and his continuator, Mr. Herbert."-DR. CLARKE.
Herbert left an annotated copy of this work, with a view
to a second ed., interleaved and bound in 6 vols., r. 4to.
As a portion only of the first vol. was used by Dibdin, we
hope that the balance will some day be appropriated by a
The copy re-
judicious continuator of the Antiquities.
ferred to was in 1848 in the possession of Mr. H. G. Bohn,
London, and offered by him for the small sum of £12 128.
3. In conjunction with Mr. Nicholson, New Directory
for the East Indies, 4to. See Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Bio-
of Herbert, supposed to be written by Richard
Gough, in Gent. Mag., Ixv., Pt. 1, 261; and Gent. Mag.,
lxxii. 418.
Chancery, Lon., 1804, r. 8vo; 1. paper, 4to. He pub. Sir
Herbert, William. Antiq. of the Inns of Court and
Reginalde, a Romance, &c., 1803, 12mo; and a Series of
Views from the Palace of Lambeth, 1805; both in con-
junction with Edward Wedlake Brayley: see both the
names in Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Herbert, Hon. and Very Rev. William, D.C.L.,
1778-1847, third son of Henry, Earl of Carnarvon, and Lady
Elizabeth Alicia_Maria Wyndham, eldest daughter of
Charles, Earl of Egremont, was born at Highclere Castle,
Bucks, and educated at Eton, and at Christ Church and
Merton College,
Merton College, Oxford, where he graduated M.A., 1802,
B. and D.C.L., 1808, and became a Fellow of Merton Col-
lege. After a successful practice as a member of Doctors'
Commons, and a brilliant career in the House of Commons,
he determined to take holy orders, and in 1814 was pre-
sented to the Rectory of Spofforth, and appointed Dean
of Manchester in 1840.1. Edited Musæ Etonenses; a
Selection of Greek and Latin Poetry, by Etonians, 1795,
2 vols. Svo. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1314. 2. Ossiani
Darthula, Græcè reddita; Accedunt Miscellanea, 1801, Svo.
3. Select Icelandic Poetry; trans. from the originals, with
Notes; Translations from the German, Danish, &c.; to
which is added Miscellaneous Poetry, 1814, 2 vols. Évo.
Reviewed by Sir Walter Scott, in Edin. Rev., ix. 211–223.
A second part to each of these works was added in 1806.
See Moir's Sketches of the Poetical Literature of the Past
Half-Century. 4. Helga; a Poem, in 7 Cantos, with Notes,
1815, Svo. See Edin. Rev., xxv. 146–168; Moir, ubi supra.
5. Hedin, or The Spectre of the Tomb; a Tale from the
Danish History, 1820. 6. Sermis., 1820, 12mo. 7. The
Wizard Wanderer of Jutland, a Tragedy; and Julia Mout-
albin, a Tale, 1822. S. The Guabiba; a Tale, 1822. 9. A
Letter to the Chairman of the Committee of the House of
Commons on the Game-Laws, 1823. See article by Rev.
Sydney Smith, in Edin. Rev., xxxix. 43–54. 10. Iris; a
Latin Ode, 1826. 11. Amaryllidaceæ, with a Treatise on
Cross-bred Vegetables, 1837, r. Sro. Mr. Herbert pub.
several other works on botany and natural history, and a
number of papers in horticultural and botanical periodi-
Edinburgh Review. 12. I. Attila, King of the Huns, or
the Triumph of Christianity: an Epic Poem: II. Attila
and his predecessors: a Historical Treatise, 1838, Svo.
cals. He was also one of the earliest contributors to the
"A production displaying a union of acuteness and erudition
with great poetical talents."-Hallam's Lit. Hist, of Europe, 4th
ed., 1854, iii. 39, n.
“A work conceived in a grand and simple spirit, and abounding
in passages finely imagined and finely expressed. Few poems
which have appeared within the last twenty years evince a more
thorough preparation on the part of the writer, a deeper study
of the subject, or a more just and masculine taste. It is not pos
sible to take up a single book of the poem without being frequently
reminded of Milton's best points, his sublimity and his purity."
-Edin. Rev.
>>
"Attila was the last and most ambitious production of Herbert;
his most laboured but not his most successful one. The fire of
his youthful enthusiasm had been gradually burning out; and
this he endeavoured, but vainly, to atone for by a strict adherencə
to Aristotelian rules, backed by the Gallican codicils of Boileau
and Bossu.”—Moin: ubi supra. See Gent. Mag., April, 1839.
13. Christian, a Poem ; and Sylva Recentiores, 1846, 8vo.
14. Miscellaneous Works, excepting those on Botany and
Natural History, with Addits. and Corrections by the Au-
Contents: Hora Scandicæ, or Works (Poetical)
relating to Old Scandinavian Literature; Hora Pieriæ,
or Poetry on various subjects; Sylvarum Liber; Reviews,
Sermons, &c., 1842, 2 vols. Svo.
thor.
"It is not often that we meet with a writer whose attainments
are so various, and at the same time so accurate and profound, as
those of the one now before us; while it has been the lot of few to
fill, at various periods, stations in society which are generally re-
served for those professionally educated for ther alone, and from
1
831
HER
HER
which they seldom depart; but we have had the pleasure of hear
ing Mr. Herbert as an orator in the House of Commons, we have
heard him as an advocate at the Bar, and we have listened to him
as a preacher in the pulpit. As an author, we have found him in
walks of science and literature very remote from each other, not
often trodden by the same person, yet always marking bis progress
by the light he has thrown on his subjects, and, as it appears to
us, showing both diligence and accuracy in recording facts, and
philosophical discretion in reasoning from them."-Lon. Gent. Mag.,
1843. Pt. 1, 115-133, q. v.; see also 1847, Pt. 2, 425–426.
Herbert, William, Librarian to the Corporation of
London. The Hist. of the Twelve Great Livery Companies
of London, Lon., 1837, 2 vols. 8vo. New ed., 1846, 8vo
and r. Svo.
"We feel, in conclusion, fully justified in declaring that Mr.
Herbert has by this publication proved himself worthy of the
office of Archivist and Historiographer to the City of London."-
Lon. Gent. Mug., April. 1834.
Also highly commended by the Athenæum, Spectator,
Examiner, &c., and largely quoted in the Penny Magazine,
Pictorial Hist. of England, &c.
Herbst, J., Lutheran pastor, Gettysburg. 1. Evan-
gelisches Magazin, editor, 1830. 2. Inaugural Address of
S. S. Schmucker, translated into German, 1826.
Herckeman, Elias. A Voyage to the Kingdom of
Chili, in America. See Churchill's Voyages, p. 503, 1704.
Herd, David, 1732-1810, a native of St. Cyrus, Kin-
cardineshire, Scotland.. Collection of Ancient and Modern
Scottish Songs, Heroic Ballads, &c., 1769, 1 vol.; 1772, 2
vols. 12mo; 1776, 2 vols. 12mo.
“The first classical collection (of Scottish Songs.]”—SIR WALTER
SCOTT.
See Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent
Scotsmen; Scots' Mag., July, 1810.
Herdman, John, M.D. Profess. works, 1795-1809.
Herdman, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1794, Svo.
Herdson, Hen. Ars Mnemonica, Lat. et Eng., Lon.,
1651, '57, 12mo. See an account of this work in Feinagle's
Art of Memory. It seems to have been pub. separately
in Latin and in English, both Lon., 1651, 12mo. See
Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 914.
Hereford, Bishop. Legacy; or, A Short Deter-
mination of all Controversies with the Papists, by God's
Holy Word, 1677, 4to.
Hereford, Rev. Charles. 1. Hist. of France, 5 vols.
8vo. Anon. 2. Hist. of Rome, 3 vols. 8vo. Anon. 3. Abridgt.
of Gibbon's Hist., 2 vols. 8vo. Anon. 4. Abridgt. of Hume's
Hist., 2 vols. 8vo. Anon.
has, when taken inwardly, likewise a decided influence on the
buman economy, contradictory to the assertions of all other au-
thors; further, that heat, in a bearable degree, destroys its poi-
sonous qualities, and is thus the best remedy after a bite, applied
locally at a distance from the wound, much better than brandy
taken inwardly, which, however, in some cases may be united
with it. He found that alcohol extracts a sult from the snake
poison, which has in some cases of bites, and in a great many dis-
eases, as apoplexy, paralysis, typhus, quinsy, etc., a curative in-
fluence. This discovery he applied to the saliva of the mad dog,
and prevented hydrophobia by application of heat near the wound,
which proved more effectual and certain than the process of burn-
ing it out, because the latter forms a scurf, which, as a non-con-
ductor of heat, may protect the poison. From the same virus hə
found that alcohol also extracts a chemical compound, which bas
thus far seemed to be effectual as a remedy in preventing and
curing hydrophobia. The same method has successfully been
applied to small-pox and other contagious diseases of men and
animals, according to the reports of numerous physicians. He
was the first to propose sulphur as a preventive of Asiatic Cholera
(1848) when applied as a powder between the stockings and the
soles of the feet. it being absorbed, and, without disturbing the
intestines, exhaled at the pores of the skin as sulphuretted hydro-
gen, (blackening bright silver even on the forehead.) This process
protects against cholera, and may perform the same use in other
miasmas."
·
Hering, Francis, M.D. See HERRING.
Heriot, George, Postmaster-General of British
North America. 1. Descriptive Poem, written in the W.
Indies, Lon., 1781, 4to. 2. Hist. of Canada, 1804, 8vo.
3. Travels through the Canadas, 1807, 4to.
Heriot, John, R.N., 1760-1833, brother of the pre-
ceding, was connected with the newspapers The Oracle,
The World, The Sun, and The True Briton. 1. The Sor-
rows of the Heart; a Novel, 1787, 2 vols. 2. The Half-
pay Officer; a Novel, 1788, 3 vols. Svo. 3. Hist. Sketch
of Gibraltar, Lon., 1792, 8vo. 4. The Battle of the Nile,
1792. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Aug. 1833.
Herissant, Dr. Experiments with the Poison of
Lamas and of Ticunas; Phil. Trans., 1741.
Herle, Charles, 1598-1659, Rector of Winwick,
Lancashire. Serms., &c., 1642, 43, 44, 46, '55.
Herman, an Anglo-Norman poet, temp. Henry II. and
Richard II., has attributed to him a Life of Tobit, which
is a poem of about 1400 lines, a poem entitled Les Joies de
Notre Dame, and some other pieces. See Wright's Biog.
Brit. Lit., and authorities there cited.
Herman, Thomas. Critical Cat. of the Pictures of
the British Institution, Lon., 1807, 8vo.
Hergest, Wm. 1. Christian Chastitie. 2. Expos. of
the 7th Commandment, Lon., 1580, 4to.
Herne, John. 1. Law of Conveyances, Lon., 1656,
'58, 'SS, Svo. 2. The Pleader, 1657, fol. 3. Assurancer,
165S, Svo. 4. Sewers, 1659, 4to. 5. Charitable Uses, 1660,
'63, Svo.
Herndon, Mrs. Mary E., of Kentucky. 1. Louisa
Elton; a Nov., Phila., 1853. 2. Oswyn Dudley, Cin., 1855.
Herndon, Wm. L., Lieut., U.S. Navy, lost in the
Hering, Constantine, M.D., b. January 1, 1800, at wreck of the Central America, 1857. Exploration of the
Oschatz, in Saxony, studied in Zittau, Leipzig, Dresden, Valley of the Amazon, with maps and plates, Washington,
and Wuerzburg, obtained in 1826 the degree of Doct. of D.C., 1854, Svo. Of this work 40,000 copies were pub. by
Med., Surgery, and Obstetrics; was sent under the protec-order of the U.S. Government. Licut. Gibbon, who was
tion of the government, for the purpose of making scientific also an officer of the Expedition, pub. a continuation, of
researches, to Surinam, S. America; came to Phila., Jan. which as many copies were printed.
1834, and has resided mostly there since as a practising
physician and lecturer on homoeopathy. He is a member of
the Acad. of Nat. Sciences in Phila. since 1830, of several
similar societies, and nearly all homoeopathic academies
and societies in the world. Has been a contributor to
homœopathic journals, (Archives of Stapf, 1827-46;
Gazette of Leipzig; Journal of Buchner; British Quar-
terly; and Clinical Gazette.) Co-editor of the Medical
Correspondent, Allentown, 1835, '36; the Miscellanies on
Homœopathy, Phila., 1839; N. Am. Homeopathic Quar-
terly, N. York, 1851, '52; and the Homoeopathic News, a
monthly, Phila., since 1854. Author of-1. Rise and Pro-
gress of Homoeopathy, Phila., 1834; trans. into English
by Matlack, 1834; into Dutch by Rosenstein, Rotterdam,
1836; into Swedish, 1853. 2. The Historical Necessity of
Homœopathy, Allentown, 1835, (Germ.) 3. Homoeopathic
Hatchels, Jena, 1845. 4. Proposals to Kill Homœopathy,
Leipzig, 1846, (a Satire.) 5. Suggestions for the Proving
of Drugs on the Healthy, Phila., 1853. 6. The Effects of
Snake-poison, Allentown and Leipzig, r. Svo, 1837; with
an Introduction on the study of Materia Medica; trans. Heron, Rt. Hon. Sir Richard. 1. Table of the
into English, in British Quarterly, 1844. 7. Domestic Phy-Families of Heron, 1797, fol. 2. Family of Heron of
sician since 1837, six eds. of the last, Phila., 1858; two Newark-upon-Trent, Lon., 1803, 4to.
in Great Britain; ten in Germany; trans. into the French,
Italian, Spanish, and other languages, with a circulation
of more than 50,000 copies.
"Dr. Hering's Guide we have always considered the best and
most original of the domestic works."-Brit. Quar. Jour. of Hom.,
April, 1856.
8. American Drug Provings, Leipzig, Winter, 1853, vol.
i.; vol. ii. in press. 9. One of the authors of the pamphlet
The Voluntary System of Medical Education instituted by
the Independent Medical School of Pa., 1854, Phila.
Heron, Robert, 1764-1807, a native of New Gal-
loway, Scotland, a man of improvident habits and con-
siderable talents, wrote and trans. a number of works, of
which the best-known are:-1. Journey in the Western
Counties of Scotland, 1793, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Hist. of Scot-
land, 1794-99, 6 vols. 8vo. 3. Universal Geography, 1798,
4 vols. 8vo. 4. The Comforts of Life, 1807. He was editor
and contributor to several periodicals. See Chambers and
Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen; Murray's
Lit. Hist. of Galloway; Disraeli's Calamities of Authors;
Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Miller's Fly-Leaves, 1st Series, 36.
"The most important of his toxicological researches are the
proving, by a long series of experiments, that the poison of snakes
Herne, Samuel. See HEARNE.
Herne, Thomas, d. 1722, Fellow of Merton College,
Oxford, a native of Suffolk, pub. several theological works,
among which were an account of the Bangorian Contro-
versy to the end of 1719, and an account of books, &c. on
the Trinitarian Controversy from 1712-20. See Masters's
Hist. of C. C. C. C.
Hernou, G. D. Louisa; or, The Black Tower, 1803,
2 vols.
Heron,John. Custom Laws in Ireland, Dubl., 1818,Svo.
Heron, John. Fruitfull Dialogues treatyng upon.
the Baptisme of Chyldren, Worcest., 1551. It is believed
that Heron is a misprint for John Sennonoys Veron, or
Vernon.
Heron, M. The Conflict; a Nov., 1793, Lon., 2 vols.
12mo.
832
HER
HER
Heron, Robert. Letters of Literature, Lon., 1783,
'S4, '85, 8vo. This was a name assumed by John Pinker-
ton, subsequently a well-known writer.
Herport, Rev. Brian. Truths of Importance to the
Happiness of Mankind, Legal Oaths, &c., Lon., 1768, 8vo.
Herreken, N. T. Confidence in God, &c., 1804.
Herrey, Robert F. Bible Concordances, Lon., 1578,
4to.
Herrick, Joseph, of Colchester. 1. Salvation pos-
sible to the Vilest Sinners, Lon., 1842, 18mo. 2. Salvation
2. Salvation
Certain and Complete, 1847, 32mo. 3. Greatness of God's
Mercy, 1847, 18mo.
"These two books of poetry made bim much admired in the
time when they were published, especially by the generous and
boon-loyalists among whom he was numbered as a sufferer."-
Athen. Oxın.
2. Select Poems from the Hesperides, with Occasional
Remarks by J. N(ott, D.D.)., Bristol, 1810, sm. Svo, pp. 253.
3. The Works of Robert Herrick, Edin., 1823, 2 vols. er. 8vo.
4. Lon., 1825, 2 vols. er. Svo. 5. Hesperides, and Selected
Works, by C. Short, 1839, 12mo. 6. Hesperides, 1844, 2 vols.
24mo. 7. 1846, 2 vols. 12mo. 8. 1846, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 9. Se-
lections for Translations into Latin Verse, 1848, 12mo.
10. Hesperides, 1850,18mo. 11. 1852. 12. 1856, 2 vols.12mo.
"Herrick's Hesperides is a vol. of equal rarity and merit. Seve
ral of his poems have been revived in modern collections: the best
perhaps will be found in Drake's Literary Hours; those which
more especially relate to himself and his family, in Nichols's Hist.
of Leicestershire, where also are several of his letters."-Bliss's
Wood's Athen. Ozm.. iii. 251.
Among the best-known of his pieces are Cherry Ripe,
Gather the Rose-buds where ye may, To Blossoms, To
Daffodils, The Kiss, To Corinna, Poems to and upon Julia,
To Primroses filled with Morning Dew, To Find God, and
A Thanksgiving for his House.
He displays considerable facility of simple diction, and consi-
derable variety of lyrical versification. Ile is successful in imitat-
ing the sprightliness of Anacreontic gaiety and the lucid neatness
of the ancient anthologists.”—Blackwood's Mag., xlv. 782–794, Q. x.:
13
see also xxxiv. 123.
Herrick, Heyrick, Hearick, or Hireck, Ro-
bert, 1591-1662? a divine and a very eminent poet, de-
Ecended from Eric, a Danish chief temp. Alfred the Great,
was a native of Cheapside, London. He studied at Cam-
bridge, was presented to the living of Dean Prior, Devon-
shire, in 1629; was deprived by Cromwell in 1648; and
reinstated in his living by Charles II. in 1660. 1. Hespe-
rides; or, The Works, both Humane and Divine, of Robert
Herrick, Lon., 1648, 8vo. To this vol. was appended his
· Noble Numbers; or, his Pieces wherein (among other
things) he sings the Birth of Christ, and sighs for his
Saviour's Sufferings on the Cross," 1647, pp. 79. Bibl.
Anglo-Poet., 340, £S 88.
6.
We quote some other opinions respecting the character-
istics of this favourite poet.
[
Herrick is a most exquisite poet, but, unfortunately, de-
lighted in the wanderings of a libertine muse.
To quote
the language of Dr. Drake, in the work just referred to:
AN
* So injudiciously are the contents of his volume disposed, and
so totally divested of order and propriety, that it would almost
seem the poet wished to pollute and bury his best effusions in a
mass of nonsense and obscenity. Nine persons out of ten who
should casually dip into the collection would. in all probability,
after glancing over a few trifling epigrams, throw it down with
indignation, little apprehending it contained many pieces of a
truly moral and pathetic, and of an exquisitely rural and descrip-
tive, strain. Such, however, is the case.”—Literary Hours, 1820,
i. 14: and see ii. 353–3$7.
·
··
Phillips, rather coldly, allows him to have shown occa-
sionally "a pretty flowery and pastoral gale of fancy,"
(Theatrum Poetarum ;) but another contemporary critic
assures us, with more vehemence than elegance, that
(6
Horace,
He was but a sour-ass,
And good for nothing but lyric;
There's but one to be found
►
F
"Some of his pieces, too, contain curious illustrations of the cus-
toms. manners, and prejudices of our ancestors. ... But his real
delight was among flowers and bees, and nymphs and cupids; and
certainly these graceful subjects were never handled more grace-
fully."-MARY RUSSELL MITFORD: Recollec. of a Literary Life.
•••
"Herrick's vein of poetry is very irregular; but where the ore
is pure it is of high value. . To his Hesperides, or Works Hu-
his volatile genius was not in her element."-Campbell's Notices
man and Divine, he added some pieces on religious subjects, where
In all English ground
Writes so well, who is hight Robert Herrick.”
Naps upon Parnassus, (1658.)
But let us look a little into the verdict of modern criti-
of the British Poets.
"Herrick possessed a vigour of fancy, a warmth of feeling, a
soundness of sense, and an ease of versification, sufficient to rank
him very high in the scale of English minor poets."-Lom. Quar.
Rev., iv. 167-174.
eism:
"He has much of the lively grace that distinguishes Anacreon
and Catullus, and approaches also, with a less cloying monotony,
to the Basia of Joannes Secundus. Herrick has as much variety
As the poetry of kisses can well have; but his love is in a very
slight degree that of sentiment, or even any intense passion; his
mistresses have little to recommend them, even in his own eyes,
save their beauties, and none of these are omitted in his catalogues.
Yet he is abundant in the resources of verse: without the exu-
berant gaiety of Suckling, or, perhaps, the delicacy of Carew, he is
sportive, fanciful, and generally of polished language."-Hallam's
Lit. Hist. of Europe.
"More than any eminent writer of that day, Herrick's collection
requires careful sifting; but there is so much fancy, so much deli-
cacy, so much grace, that a good selection would well repay the
publisher. Bits there are that are exquisite; as when, in enume
ating the cates composing Oberon's Feast, in his Fairy-land, he
Includes, ariong a strange farrago of unimaginable dishes,
65.
The broke heart of a nightingale
O'ercome in music,'
"Forgetting the impurities of our author, and estimating the
chaste effusions of his felicitous genius, we do not hesitate to pro-
nounce bin the very best of English Lyric Poets. He is the most
joyous and gladsome of bards; singing, like the grasshopper, as
if he would never grow old. He is as fresh as the spring, as blithe
as summer, and as ripe as autumn. We know of no English poet
who is so abandonné, as the French term it, who so wholly gives
himself up to his present feelings, who is so much heart and soul
in what he writes, and this not on one subject cnly, but on all
subjects alike.... His poems resemble a luxuriant meadow, full
of king-cups and wild-flowers, or a July firmament sparkling with
a myriad of stars."-Lon. Retrosp. Rev., v. 156-180, 1822.
See also Nichols's Hist. of Leicestershire: Hallam's Lit.
Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, iii. 43; Gent. Mag., lxvi.,
Pt. 1, 384, 461, 463; Pt. 2, 645, 736; Ixvii., Pt. 1, 102.
The Herricks of New England are descended from the
ancient family which claims the poet; and A Genealogical
Register of the name and family of Herrick was pub. by
Jedediah Herrick, in 1846, at Bangor, Maine.
The poetry of Herrick had been wellnigh forgotten
until about the commencement of the present century,
when, by the exertions of Dr. Nott, Dr. Drake, Mr. Ellis,
and a writer in the Gent. Mag. for 1796, (see ante,) he
secured a popularity which seems likely to remain perma-
nent among the disciples of the school of English Lyric
Poetry. If we are deemed unnecessarily harsh in our
condemnation of those licentious strains which disfigure
the beauty of so many pages of Herrick's HESPERIDES,
we need do no more than record the author's own mature
verdict on these frequent transgressions against good taste
and good morals:
"For these my unbaptized rhymes,
Writ in my wild unhallowed times,-
For every sentence, clause, and word,
That's not inlaid with thee, O Lord!—
Forgive me. God, and blot each line
Out of my book that is not thine:
But if 'mongst all thou findest one
Worthy thy benediction,
That one of all the rest shall be
The glory of my work and me.”
App
It is well thus to repent of an offence: but far better
would it have been never to have offended!
Herries, John. Elements of Speech, Lon., 1773,
Sro. This work has elicited high commendation.
1. Financial and Com-
Herries, John Charles.
mercial Affairs, 1797, 8vo. 2. State of Europe, 1802, Svo.
3. Instructions for Cavalry, 1804–05, 2 vols. Svo.
Herring, or Hering, Francis, M.D., pub. a Latin
poem, three works on the Plague, &c., Lon., 1603–65.
Herring, Richard. Paper and Paper-Making, Lon.,
1855, Svo. See Longman's Notes on Books, Nov. 30,
1855, p. 44.
Herring, Thomas, D.D., 1691-1757, a native of
Walsoken, Norfolk, educated at Jesus College, Cambridge;
Fellow of Corpus Christi College, 1716; Rector of Ret-
tenden, Essex, and of Barclay, Hertfordshire, 1722;
Preacher of Lincoln's Inn, 1726; Dean of Rochester,
1731; Bishop of Bangor, 1737; trans. to York, 1743, and
to Canterbury, 1747. 1. Letter to the Bishops of his
province, Lon., 1748, 8vo. 2. Serm. on Acts xxvi. 18,
Oxon., 1756, 4to. 3. Seven Serms. on Public Occasions,
with a Memoir by Wm. Duncombe, Lon., 1763, Svo.
6.
Elegant, spirited, and masterly.”—Lon. Critical Rev.
4. Letters to Wm. Duncombe, 1728-57, 12mo, 1777.
Herring, Thomas, Preb. of York, and Rector of
Cullesden, Surrey. Serm., Lon., 1765, 4to.
-
Herringham, W. Serm., 1804.
Herriott, George. See HERIOT.
Herrman, T. C. Inhabitants of Russia; Thom.
Ann. Philos., iii. 165, 438, 1814.
Herschel, Caroline Lucretia, 1750–1848, sister
and assistant of the distinguished astronomer, Dr. William
Herschel, was also a native of Hanover, where she resided
until her twenty-second year, when she joined her brother
53
$33
HER
HER
•
William, then a musician, at Bath, in England. On her
brother's death, in 1822, she returned to Hanover, after a
residence in England of more than half a century. She
made a number of astronomical discoveries, (see Gent.
Mag., April, 1848,) and gave to the world-1. A Cata-
logue of 561 stars observed by Flamsteed. 2. A General
Index of Reference to every Observation of every Star
inserted in the British Catalogue; with introductory and
Read this valuable paper; also articles in Lon. Quar.
explanatory remarks to each of them, by Wm. Herschel, Rev., lxxxv. 1-31 N. Brit. Rev., viii. 263, (same art. in
LL.D. These two works were pub. together in one vol. Liv. Age, xvi. 577-596;) Amer. Jour. of Sci., 2d Ser., v. 86.
by the Royal Society, Lon., 1798, fol. Miss Herschel
5. Outlines of Astronomy, 1849, Svo. This may be con-
also completed the reduction and arrangement of a Zone-sidered an enlarged ed. of No. 2. 5th ed., thoroughly re-
Catalogue of all the nebule and clusters of stars observed rised and corrected to the existing state of astronomical
by her brother in his sweeps,-a work which was rewarded science, 1858, Svo. See Lon. Quar. Rev., lxxxv. 3, 31;
by the Gold Medal of the Astronomical Society of Lon- Church of Eng. Quar. Rev. Lon. Evangel. Rev.; Lon.
don, in 1828. H.
Miss II. also pub. An Account of a New Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxvi. 576; Bost. Chris. Exam., xlvii.
Comet, Phil. Trans., 1787; Discovery of a New Comet, 268; Lon. Athenæum, May 26, 1849; Lon. Examiner,
Phil. Trans., 1796.
May 19, 1849.
"A lady eminent for her scientific knowledge and unwavering
perseverance in astronomical discovery.”—Hannah M. Bouvier's
Familiar Astronomy, Phila., 1857, Svo, p. 191; and see p. 235-236:
see also Dr. J. P. Nichol's Árchitecture of the Heavens; Baily's
Life of Flamsteed; Gent. Mag., April, 1818.
Miss Bouvier's Familiar Astronomy-just referred to-
has elicited warm commendations from distinguished
authorities; and it will be found an invaluable assistant
and an agreeable companion in every family, school, or
private library.
Herschel, Sir John Frederick William, D.C.L.,
Master of the Mint since 1850, an eminent astronomer,
b. 1790, at Slough, near Windsor, England, is the only
son of the distinguished astronomer, Sir William Herschel.
After completing his studies at St. John's College, Cam-
bridge, and attaining great distinction as a mathematician,
he naturally turned his attention to the noble science
which had already made his name immortal. His success
in this brilliant field of investigation is too well known
to call for much comment at our hands. In 1838 he was
made a baronet; in 1839 created a D.C.L. of Oxford; and
in 1842 elected Lord-Rector of Marischal College, Aberdeen.
In addition to many papers pub. in the Transactions of
the Royal Society and of the Astronomical Society, a recon-
struction (in conjunction with Peacock) of Lacroix's trea-
tise on the Differential Calculus, editing Spence's Mathe-
matical Essays, and contributing treatises on Sound, Light,
and Physical Astronomy, to the Encyclopædia Metropoli-
tana, and other essays to various journals, Sir John Her-
schel has given to the world the following valuable works:
1. A Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Phi-
losophy, Lon., 1830, 12mo, pp. 372; vol. xiv. of Lardner's
Cyc. New ed., 1851, 12mo.
"Without doing more than alluding to the delight with which
this work has been several times perused by the writer of these
pages, he can assure the reader that he has frequently heard the
most eminent scientific men speak of it as a singularly beautiful,
accurate, and masterly perforinance. Its author will be univer-
sally admitted to be consummately qualified for such an under-
taking, as far as the union of exact and profound science with
elegant and varied accomplishments and refined taste can be
considered as constituting such qualification. The style is se
verely chaste, and not obscured by technicalities."- Warren's Law
Studies, 2d ed., 1845, 196–197.
An eminent modern authority, referring to Professor Play-
fair's abstract-in his Prelim. Dissert. to Encyc. Brit.-of
the second book of Bacon's Novum Organum, and the
commentator's illustrations from modern science, remarks:
"Sir John Herschel, in his admirable Discourse on Natural
Philosophy, has added a greater number from still more recent
discoveries, and has also furnished such a luminous development
of the difficulties of the Novum Organum as had been rainly
hoped for in former times.”—Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th
ed., 1854, vol. ii. 412; see also same vol., 411, n., 442, n.
"This discourse, as a collection of important facts interesting
to every human being, is without a rival. The whole is a master-
piece, that reflects the highest honour on the author, not less as
a philosopher than as a man.”—Lon, Month. Rev.
See Lon. Quar. Rev., lxxxviii. 374-407; lxxxv. 3.
"Sir John Herschel is eminently qualified for this task, being
a distinguished example of a person possessing a profound and
complete knowledge of almost every branch of physics."-Lon.
Quar. Rev.
2. A Treatise on Astronomy, 1833, 12mo; vol. xliii. of
Lardner's Cyc.
We recommend it to the attention of everybody who wishes to
become acquainted with the sublime truths of astronomy, with-
out having his mind harassed by the technical details which
render almost all other works of the kind repulsive to the general
reader.”—Lon. Quar. Rev. See Edin. Rev., lviii. 164–198.
LS
·
3. A Treatise on Physical Astronomy, 4to. 4. Results
of Astronomical Observations made during the years
1834, 35, 36, 37, 38, at the Cape of Good Hope; being
the completion of a Telescopic Survey of the whole Surface
of the Visible Heavens, commenced in 1825, 4to, 1847.
834
"The work whose title we have placed at the head of this article
forms the record of the completion of the greatest astronomical
enterprise that was ever undertaken by the members of one
Herschel, the father, assisted by his sister Carolino and his brother
family. It was begun about seventy years ago, by Sir William
Alexander, and continued by him, with little or no interruption,
almost down to the close of a very long life. . . In 1825 it was
resumed by his son."-Edin. Rev., lxxxviii. 104-143.
•
"We take our leave of this remarkable work, which we hold to
be, beyond a doubt, the most remarkable of the works in which
the laws of astronomy and the appearances of the heavens are
described to those who are not mathematicians nor observers, and
recalled to those who are. It is the reward of men who can
descend from the advancement of knowledge to care for its diffu-
manuals of the proficient as well as the text-books of the learner."
sion, that their works are essential to all—that they become the
-Lon. Athenæum, ubi supra.
6. A Manual of Scientific Enquiry, 1849, p. Svo; 2d
ed., 1851, p. Svo. Edited by Sir John F. W. Herschel.
Pub. by Authority of the Lords-Commissioners of the
Admiralty. Prepared for the use of H. M. Navy, and
for travellers in general. The treatises in this vol.—which
are by the editor, Sir W. J. Hooker, Sir H. De La Beche,
Lt.-Col. Sabine, Drs. Whewell, Pritchard, and Bryson,
and Messrs. Airy, Beechey, Hamilton, Darwin, Mallet,
Birt, Owen, and Porter-were drawn up at the request of
the late Lord Auckland, in accordance with a memorandum
by the Lords of the Admiralty. It may well be believed
that such a volume is literally invaluable.
·· •
“The reader has the pith of the matter by the shortest cut. and
pretty much as a professional pupil would be taught by a practical
man. Ile is told to do the easiest things, and how to do them;
and, what might not always be gotten from a practical man, indi-
cations are often given of the principles of the science, and the
best elementary books are pointed out. A Manual of Scientific
Enquiry will not only be found an admirable book for its express
object, but may be used advantageously by all travellers, and pe-
used with interest at home."-Lon. Spectator. See also Lon. M.
Herald, 1849.
7. Essays from the Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews,
with Addresses and other Pieces, 1857, Svo.
Great as are the obligations of the world to Sir John
Herschel, the public are not willing to abandon the hope
of further illustrations of the noble science of which he
is so erudite a professor. To adopt the language of an
ardent admirer of his works,
"If his day of laborious observation be over, we trust that of
thought and speculation will continue."—Lon. Athen., ubi supra.
Herschel, Sir William, LL.D., 1738-1822, one of
the most illustrious of astronomers, was a native of Hano-
ver, the son of a musician, who educated his five sons to
the same profession. At the age of fourteen William was
placed in the band of the Hanoverian Foot Guards; but,
dissatisfied with this humble position, he determined to
try his fortune in England, where he arrived about the
end of 1757. Whilst busily employed as a teacher of
music, he yet found leisure for the prosecution of his stu-
dies in mathematics, and especially in astronomy, for
which science he entertained an enthusiastic attachment.
Having succeeded, after many trials, in making a number
of excellent telescopes, he commenced his observations in
1776, and continued them with unwearied zeal. At length,
in 1781, he discovered what he at first thought a comet,
but what proved to be a new planet,-the Georgium Sidus,
now called Uranus, from its being next to Saturn. For a
detailed account of the results of his observations--which
were continued until within a few months of his death--
we must refer the reader to the list of his papers in Phil.
Trans., 1780-1820; contrib. to Nich. Jour. and to Trans.
Astron. Soc.; Arago's account of Herschel in the Annuaire,
1842; Annual Biography, Lon., 1823; Gent. Mag., Sept.
1822; Chambers's Journal; For. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 438;
Edin. Philos. Jour., April, 1823; Edin. Encyc., art. As-
tronomy; Edin. Rev., i. 426; Niles's (Balt.) Reg., ii. 154;
N. Y. Eclec. Mus., ii. 556. See also HERSCHEL, CAROLINE
LUCRETIA; HERSCHEL, SIR JOHN FREDERICK WILLIAM.
In 1786 Herschel received the degree of D.C.L. from
in 1820 elected the first President of the Astronomical
the University of Oxford; in 1816 he was knighted, and
Society.
"As an astronomer he was surpassed by no one of the present
HER
HER
age; and the depth of his scientific research and extent of his ob
servations rendered him perhaps second only to the immortal
Newton."-Lon. Gent. Mag., ubi supra.
But we must not forget to quote the eloquent tribute of
the historian of modern Europe to the merits of the illus-
trious subject of our notice :
"Herschel, by multiplying with incredible labour and skill the
powers of the telescope, was enabled to look further into space
than man had ever done before, discover a world hitherto unseen
in the firmament, and. in the Georgium Sidus, add a new string
to the lyre of heaven."-Alison's Hist. of Europe. 1815-52, chap. v.
Herschell, Philip. Strictures on the past Hist. of
the Jews, and on the future Prospects of that People, Lon.,
1831. 12mo.
Herschell, Ridley H. 1. Sketch of the Present
State and Future Expectations of the Jews, 1833, Lon.;
4th ed., 1837, 18mo. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1255.
2. Reasons why I, a Jew, bave become a Catholic, and
not a Roman Catholic, Lon., 1842, Svo.
Herser, T. Poems, Rural and Domestic, 1812, Svo.
Hertell, Thomas. The Demurrer; or, Proofs of
Error in the Decisions of the Supreme Ct. of N. York, N.
York, 8vo.
Hertford, Marquis of. See SEYMOUR, WILLIAM.
Hertslet, Lewis. Treaties, &c. between G. Brit.
and Foreign Powers, Lon., 1820-51, 8 vols. 8vo. A work
of great value, compiled from authentic documents.
Herty, Thomas. 1. Digest of the Laws of Mary-
land to Nov. 1797, Balt., 1799, Švo. 2. Digest of the Laws
of the U. States, 1789-99, Svo, 1800.
Herve, Peter. 1. How to enjoy Paris, 1816, 2 vols.
2. The New Picture of Paris, Lon., 1829. 12mo.
Hervey, Mrs., of Aiton. 1. The Mourtray Family;
a Nov., Lon., 1810; 3d ed., 1813, 4 vols. 2. Anabel, 1813,
4 vols. 12mo. 3. Auberry Stanhope, 1815, 3 vols.
Hervey, Lord Arthur, Rector of Ickworth, and Cu-
rate of Horringer. 1. Serms. for the Sundays and Principal
Holydays throughout the Year, Lon., 1851, 2 vols. 12mo.
They are plain and unaffected productions. intended for rural
congregations, and well adapted to them.”—Lon. Guardian.
2. The Genealogies of our Lord and Saviour Jesus
Christ, Camb., 1853, Svo.
"The production of a thorough scholar.”—Brit. Quar. Rev.
"A valuable storehouse of information on this important sub-
ject."-Jour. of Sacred Lit.
3. The Inspiration of Holy Scripture: 5 Serms. preached
before the University, Dec. 1855, Svo, 1856.
Hervey, Christopher. Letters from Portugal, Spain,
Italy, and Germany, in 1759-61, Lon., 1785, 3 vols. 8vo.
Hervey, Mrs. Eleonora Louisa. See HERVEY,
MRS. THOMAS KIBBLE.
Hervey, Frederic. 1. The Naval Hist. of G. Britain,
Lon., 1779, Svo. This work does not occupy a high rank.
2. Geography, 1785, fol.
Hervey, George Winfred. 1. The Principles of
Courtesy, N. York, 1852, 12mo. 2. Rhetoric of Conversa-
tion, 1853, 12mo.
66
"In this volume. by an American writer, will be found much
sensible and entertaining counsel, and illustrations historical aud
biographical.”—Lom. Literary Gazelle.
See Lon. Athenæum, 1854, p. 405.
Hervey, J. The Castle of Tynemouth, 1806, 2 vols.
Hervey, James, 1713-14-1758, a profound scholar
and exemplary divine, a native of Hardingstone, was edu-
cated at Lincoln College, Oxford; Curate of Dummer,
Hampshire, about 1736; obtained the livings of Weston-
Favel and Collingtree about 1752. Mr. Hervey pub. many
occasional serms., and several works, of which the follow-
ing are the best-known: 1. Meditations and Contempla-
tions: vol. i., containing Meditations among the Tombs;
Reflections on a Flower Garden; and a Descant on Crea-
tion, Lon., 1746, Svo; vol. ii., containing Contemplations
on the Night and Starry Heavens, and a Winter Piece,
1747, Svo. Many eds. Generally bound together, and
referred to as one work, under the title of Hervey's Medi-
tations. Last ed., 1855, 12mo. In Blank Verse, by Thos.
Newcomb, 1757, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Hervey's Meditations, with the Pilgrim's Progress, the Duty
of Man, and the Bible, are commonly seen together on a shelf in
the cottages in England."
The style of the Meditations is highly poetical, and
abounds in imagery not always of the most classical de-
scription; but this floridity, which displeased the critics,
enchanted the multitude. Southey remarks that the work is
"Not more laudable in its purport than vicious in its style, and,
therefore, one of the most popular that ever was written."
Another critic remarks:
"I cannot help thinking that it reflects more honour on the
religious turn and good dispositions of the present age, than on
the public taste, that Mr. Hervey's Meditations have had so great
a currency. The pious and benevolent heart which is always dis-
played in them, and the lively fancy which, on some occasions,
appears. justly merited applause; but the perpetual glitter of ex-
pression, the swoln imagery and strained description which abound
in them, are ornaments of a false kind. I would, therefore, ad-
his style; and. in all compositions of a serious kind, to turn their
vise students of oratory to imitate Mr. Iervey's piety rather than
attention, as Mr. Pope says, ' from sounds to things, from fancy te
the heart.""-Blair's Lects. on Rhet, and Belles-Lettres.
"Prosaic verse, everybody knows, is what anybody may write
and nobody will endure; nor. in a polite age, can it, under any
circumstances, be rendered attractive. But poetical prose, though
the dullest, heaviest, clumsiest kind of literature, has, in some
notorious instances, found more favour.... Some works of this
description, however, have been extensively read in our refractory
language; but their day is gone by. The picus sentiments of
Hervey's Meditations recommended the fantastic style in which
they were disguised to multitudes. who persuaded themselves
that they were pleased because they supposed that, in such a
case, they ought to be, with fine words and so many of them.”—-
Montgomery's Lects. on General Lit., Poetry, dr.
And see extract from Williams's Christian Preacher, at
conclusion of this article.
"To attempt to describe all the beauties and perfections of his
CONTEMPLATIONS and DIALOGUES would be as vain as to try to paint
the beams of the sun in its meridian glory.”—Dr. Ryland's Coltor
Mather.
2. Remarks on Bolingbroke's Letters on History, 1753,
8vo. 3. Theron and Apasio; or, A Series of Dialogues
and Letters on the most Important Subjects, Lon., 1753-
55, 3 vols. Svo. Many eds. New eds., 2 vols. 18mo; 2
vols. 8vo; 1 vol. Svo; 1837, 1 vol. Svo, pp. 690: see No. 6,
post. This work advocates very strenuously the doctrine
of the imputed righteousness of Christ, and in consequence
thereof it was attacked by a number of writers. See
Robert Sandeman's Letters on Theron and Aspasio, 4th
ed., 1768, 2 vols. 8vo, where will be found an account of
the progress of the controversy and of the principal pieces
that were written against Theron and Aspasio; list of
works on the subject in Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 760-761;
authorities cited below.
4. VIII. Serms., Oxf., 1759, 12mo. 5. Hervey's Letters;
with an Account of his Life and Death, 1760, Lon., 2 vols.
12mo; Berwick, 1770, Svo. 6. XI. Letters to John Wesley,
in answer to his Remarks on Theron and Aspasio; from
the author's MS.; pub. by his brother, W. Hervey, Lon.,
1764, Svo. These Letters will be found in Tegg's ed. of
Theron and Aspasio, 1837, Svo, and perhaps in other eds.
"In his letters to Wesley you have a most glorious and divine
exposition of some striking passages."-DR. KYLAND.
7. Letters to Lady Shirley, 1782, Svo, consists of 118
Letters, 1750-58. S. Collected Works, ("genuine edition,'
containing the above works, and others,) Newcastle, 1806,
6 vols. 8vo. This ed. was pub. by Messrs. Rivington, whose
predecessor pub. all of Hervey's works. Works, 1769, 6
vols. 8vo; 1790, 9 vols. cr. Svo; 1797, 7 vols. 8vo. 9.
Letters, Elegant, Interesting and Evangelical, Lon., 1811,
Svo. This may be considered as a 7th vol. of his Works.
Hervey wrote a Preface for Burnham's Memorials of Pious
Women, 1753, Svo, (see p. 30 of this Dictionary,) and edited,
with a Preface, an ed. of Jenks's Meditations, 1757. See
Life of Hervey, prefixed to his Letters and to his Works;
Beauties of Hervey, with his Life, 1782, 12mo; Dr. Ry-
land's Character and Letters of Hervey, 1791. Svo; (very
scarce, Dr. Ryland's son having bought all the copies he
could procure, and destroyed them: copies have brought
two guineas for libraries;) Life and Character of Hervey,
by John Brown, 1822, 8vo; Herveiana, or graphic and
literary Sketches of the Life and Writings of the Rev.
James Hervey, Scarbro', 1822, 12mo; Bickersteth's Chris-
tian Student, 4th ed., Lon., 1844, fp. 8vo; Jamieson's Cyc.
of Mod. Relig. Biog., 1853, p. Svo.
timony, and strong traits of benevolence, in a style too rich and
In Hervey's works are displayed a firm faith in the divine tes-
ornamental: he, therefore, may be read to great profit, in order to
strengthen our faith in the promises, to raise our affections towards
heaven, and even to improve our style, when that verges to the
contrary extreme of poverty, whether of expression, description,
or figurative language; but a rich fancy without a critical judg
ment should beware of Hervey as a model."-Williams's Christian
Preacher.
The reader will be pleased to have Hervey's own esti-
mate of his abilities:
"My friend," said he to Dr. Ryland, "I have not a strong mind;
I have not powers fitted for arduous researches; but I think I
have a power of writing in somewhat of a striking manner, so far
as to please mankind and recommend my dear Redeemer."
He tells us that the first book which gave him "a clear
light and understanding of the Gospel" was J. L. Zimmer-
man's Excellency of the Knowledge of Jesus Christ: "it
is enriched with deep religious experience, and was his
bosom companion." Trans. by Moses Browne, Lon., 1772,
12mo.
Hervey, John, Lord Hervey, of Ickworth, 1696-1743,
indecently attacked, by the name of "Sporus," by Pope,
835
HER
HET
In the Prologue to the Satires, contributed to Middleton's |
Life of Cicero the translations from that author, wrote
some of the best political pamphlets in defence of Sir
Robert Walpole, a number of poetical pieces, and some
miscellaneous compositions, for a list of which see Park's
Walpole's R. & N. Authors. Also consult Brydges's Col-
Jin's Peerage; Bowles's Pope; Coxe's Memoirs of Walpole;
Swift's Works. The Letters between Lord Hervey and Dr.
Middleton concerning the Roman Senate were pub. from
the original MSS., by Thomas Knowles, D.D., in 1778, 4to.
The best of his lordship's poetical effusions are in Dodsley's
Collection. There appeared in 1848, 2 vols. Svo, edited by
the Rt. Hon. J. W. Croker, from the family archives at
Ick worth, Lord Hervey's Memoirs of the Court of George
the Second and Queen Caroline. New ed., 1854, 2 vols. Svo.
"I know of no such near and intimate picture of the interior
of a court. No other Memoirs that I have ever read bring us so
Immediately, so actually, into not merely the presence, but the
company, of the personages of the royal circle.
Lord Hervey is, I may venture to say, almost the Boswell of
George II. and Queen Caroline."-Editor's Preface.
"These volumes are, in every sense of the word, the greatest
accession to our English historical literature of a recent period
made since the publication of PEPYS'S DIARY and WALPOLE'S ME-
MOIRS. The style, if we forgive a certain antithesis of manner,
is good-the observations are from the fountain-bead-the cba-
racters are remarkably well drawn-and the matter is curiously
confirmatory of Walpole's Reminiscences, Letters, and Memoirs.
The Editor's notes are just what notes should be,-short, useful,
generally accurate, and always to the point."-Lon. Athenæum.
See also Lon. Quar. Rev., lxxxii. 272; Edin. Rev.,
lxxxviii. 254; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxiv. 184; Fraser's
Mag., xxxvii. 665.
.6
Hervey, Lady Mary, wife of the preceding, and
daughter of Brigadier-General Nicholas Leppell, is often
mentioned in Pope's and Horace Walpole's Works, and
always with praise. Her Letters were pub., Lon., 1821, Svo.
They contain notices and anccdotes of Lords Chesterfield,
Orford, Mulgrave, Stair, &c.; also of a number of ambas
sadors, divines, authors, &c. of the day.
Hervey, Hon. Thomas. 1. Letter to Sir T. Han-
mer, Lon., 1741, 8vo. 2. Lett. to the Rev. Sir W. Bunbury,
1741, 8vo. 3. Lett. to Wm. Pitt, 1746, Svo.
Hervey, Rev. Thomas. Elementa Christiana; the
XXXIX. Articles proved to be agreeable to the Word of
God, Kendall, 1791, 12mo.
"An evangelical exposition of the Articles.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
Hervey, Thomas Kibble, Editor of the Athenæum
for about eight years, (prior to 1854,) b. in Manchester,
England, 1804, has attained a considerable reputation for
poetical and critical abilities. After receiving his educa-
tion at Oxford and Cambridge, he devoted some time to
legal studies, but soon abandoned Coke and Blackstone for
the more congenial pursuit of letters. We may be per-
mitted to express our surprise that one who has written
with such success should have written so little.
1. Australia, and other Poems, Lon., 1824, 12mo.
"Where almost every line is beautiful. selection is difficult; and
were we to indulge our admiration, by selecting every part of this
elegant poem which claims it. our extracts might subject us to the
charge of piracy.”—British Critic, Aug. 1824.
See also Metropolitan Review; Critical Gazette; New'
Monthly Mag.; Universal Review; Literary Chronicle;
Literary Gazette; Somerset House Gazette.
2. The Poetical Sketch-Book, including a Third Edition
of Australia, 1829, p. Svo. Many of the poems in this col-
lection were originally pub. in the Annuals of the day.
"Floranthe, the most exquisite poem of its length almost ever
written, opens the book. It is needless to make a selection from
what is already so popular."-Literary Gazette, 1829, 360.
3. Illustrations of Modern Sculpture, with 18 Engravings,
1832, fol.
This charming work includes Baily's Eve at the Fountain, and
Sleeping Nymph; Westmacott's Distressed Mother, and Happy
Mother: Chantrey's Sleeping Children; Canova's Dancing Girl,
Venus, and Beneficence: Flaxman's Michael and Satan, and Mer-
cury and Pandora; Thorwaldsen's Hebe, &c."
4. The English Helicon, 1841, p. Svo. 5. The Book of
Christmas.
"Every leaf of this book affords a feast worthy of the season."
Dr. Hawks's (New York) Church Record.
Mr. Hervey is also the author of a satirical poem en-
titled The Devil's Progress, and many popular pieces con-
tributed to the pages of Friendship's Offering, (for some
time edited by Mr. H.,) The Literary Souvenir, &c. See
Blackwood's Magazine, xvii. 98-99, xix. 88-89; Men of
the Time, Lon., 1856.
"The genius of T. K. Hervey (for he has genius at once pathetic
and refined) is not unallied to that of Pringle and Watts, but with
a dash of Thomas Moore. He writes uniformly with taste and
elaboration, polishing the careless and rejecting the crude; and,
bad he addressed himself more earnestly and unreservedly to the
task of composition, I have little doubt, from several specimens
he has occasionally exhibited. that he might have occupied a higher
and more distinguished place in our poetical literature than he can
be said to have attained. His Australia, and several of his lyrics,
were juvenile pledges of future excellence which maturity can
scarcely be said to have fully redeemed."-Moir's Poet. Lit. of the
Past Half-Century.
Hervey, Mrs. Thomas Kibble, married in 1843
to the preceding, previously known as Miss Eleonora
Louisa Montagu, was b. in 1811, at Liverpool, and is
a daughter of George Conway Montagu, Esq., of Lack-
ham, Wilts, a member of a collateral branch of the family
of the Dukes of Manchester. Miss Montagu acquired
celebrity at an early age by her poetical contributions to
the Annuals and other periodicals. In 1829 she pub. The
Landgrave, a Dramatic Poem, and since her marriage has
given to the world-Margaret Russell, an Autobiography,
1849, fp. Svo; The Double Claim, 1849, sq., 1853; The
Pathway of the Fawn, 1851, sq., 1852; (see Athenæum,
No. 1262) Juvenile Calendar and Zodiac of Flowers;
with twelve Illustrations of the Month, by Richard Doyle;
new ed., 1855, 16mo.
"One of the most charming gift-books for the young which we
have ever met with."—Non-conformist.
*
Never has the graceful pencil of Mr. Doyle been more grace-
fully employed than in sketching the charming illustrations of
this charming volume.”—L'ndon Sun.
Heselrige, Sir Arthur, M.P., d. 1660, a Parlia-
Recovery of Tinmouth Castle, Lon., 1648, 4to. 2. Lett.
mentary commander. 1. Lett. concerning the Revolt and
to W. Lenthal concerning a great Victory obtained by the
Parliament Forces in Northumberland, fol., 1648.
Hesketh, Henry, D.D., Rector of Charlewood, Sur-
rey. Serms., 1678-99.
Heskith, Thomas. Serms., 1699-1703.
Heskyns, Thomas, D.D. The Parliament of
Chryste, &c. against M. Juell Brux, 1565, fol.; Antw.,
1566, fol. This answer to Juell on the Eucharist was
replied to by Dr. Fulke.
Heselden, W. S. Sails for Windmills, 1807, Svo.
Heslop, Luke, D.D., Archdeacon of Bucks, and
Rector of Bothal, Northumberland, pub. two Serms. and
a Charge, 1807, Svo, and some treatises on agriculture,
See Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Donaldson's
&c., 1798-1805.
Agricult. Biog.
Hesse, E. Vocabulary of German, Lon., 1794, 12mo.
Exhortation to the Sick, Lon.,
Hesse, Robert.
1566, Svo.
•
Memoirs of, from his Journal and Correspondence, by the
Hessel, John, 1814-1838, a Methodist minister.
Rev. Joshua Priestley, Lon., 1841, 12mo.
Hessey, James Augustus, D.C.L., Preacher to
the Hon. Society of Gray's Inn, and Head-Master of
Merchant Taylors' School, has pub. Schema Rhetorica,
Oxf., 1845, fol., a number of serms., &c. See Darling',
Cyc. Bibl., vol. i. 1453.
Hester, John, Surgeon, London, pub. trans. of seve.
ral medical works. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Heth, or Hett, Thomas. Confutation of an As-
tronomical Discourse, &c., Lon., Svo. Written in answer
to John Harvey.
Hetherington, William M., D.D., minister of
Free St. Paul's Church, Edinburgh, formerly minister of
Torphichen. 1. Twelve Dramatic Sketches, p. Svo.: see
Blackwood's Mag., xxx. 250. 2. Roman History; re-
printed from the 7th ed. Encyc. Brit., 1839, r. 12mo;
with Topography and Statistics of Modern Rome, by Rev.
J. Taylor. New ed., 1852, 12mo. Highly commended.
3. The Fulness of Time, Svo.
Fulness of Time."-Southey's Doctor.
"Mr. Hetherington's very original and able treatise on the
6.
The learned, argumentative, and eloquent work of the Rev.
W. M. Hetherington on the Fulness of Time."-DR. DUFF: on
India,
See also The Christian Instructor, Presbyterian Review,
Evangelical Mag.
4. Hist. of the Church of Scotland, 1841, 8vo; 3d ed.
(1813, 8vo) carries the history to the period of the dis-
ruption, 1843; people's ed., 1848, r. 8vo. New ed., 1853,
2 vols. 8vo. See Bickersteth's C. S. 5. Hist. of the
Westminster Assembly of Divines, 1843, fp. 8vo. See
Bickersteth, ubi supra. 6. The Minister's Family; new
ed., 1847, 12mo; 5th ed., 1851, 12mo. Highly commended
by the Christian Ladies' Magazine, Edin. Advertiser, The
Christian Instructor, Presbyterian Review.
We should not forget to acknowledge our obligations to
Dr. Hetherington for his memoir of Wilson, tue ornitho-
logist, in Constable's Miscellany; see Blackwood's Mag.,
xxx. 250.
Hetley, Sir Thomas, Serjeant-at-Law. Reports in
Common Pleas, 3 Car. I.-8 Car. I., 1627-32, Lon., 195,
836
HET
HEX
fol. See Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 384, and authorities
cited; Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 196-197.
there|tributed a number of tales and sketches to the Oud-Fel-
lows' Offering, The Southern Literary Messenger, &c. At
Sir Thomas Hetley's Reports are profitable for reading, he present she is engaged upon a prose volume entitled The
being one set apart for that purpose."
Heroines of History. Mrs. Hewitt's poetical composition.
have elicited warm commendation from the critics, in evi-
dence of which we must refer the reader to Griswold's
Female Poets of America; May's American Female Poets;
Hart's Female Prose Writers of America; Mrs. Hale's
Woman's Record; Poe's Literati, &c.; Tuckerman's
Sketch of American Literature. We should not omit to
state that Mrs. Hewitt was recently married to Mr. Steb
bins, of New York. Since the above was written, the vol.
entitled The Heroines of History has made its appearance,
(1856.)
•
Hett, Thomas. See HETA.
Hett, Wm. Serms., &c., 1793-1818.
Heude, Lieut. Wm. A Voyage up the Persian
Gulf, and a Journey from India to England, in 1817, Lon.,
1819, 8vo.
Heugh, Hugh. 1. Serm., 1826, 8vo. 2. State of
Religion in Geneva and Belgium, 1844, 12mo. 3. Life
and Select Works, by Macgill, 1850, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed.,
1852, 2 vols. sm. Svo.
!
Heurtley, Charles, Rector of Fenny-Compton, War-
wickshire, and Honorary Canon of Worcester Cathedral.
1. Plain Words about Prayer; new ed., 1835, 8vo, pp. 52.
2. Serms. before the Univ. of Oxford, 1836-37, 8vo, 1837.
3. Four Serins. on Union, 1842, Svo. Reviewed in British
Critic, xxxi. 428. 4. Eight Serms. on Justification;
Bampton Lects., 1845, 8vo, 1846. 5. Parochial Serms.: 1st
Ser., 1849, 12mo, 2d ed., 1851, 12mo; 2d Ser., 1850, 12mo;
3d Ser., 1852, 12mo.
Hewardine, Wm. Hilaria; or, the Festive Board,
1798.
Hewat, Peter, one of the ministers of Edinburgh.
Three Excellent Points of the Christian Doctrine, Edin.,
1621, 4to.
Hewatt, Alexander, D.D. 1. Hist. Acct. of the
Rise and Progress of the Colonies of S. Carolina and
Georgia, Lon., 1779, 2 vols. 2. Serms., Lon., 1803-05,
2 vols. 8vo.
Hewerdine, Francis. Evil Courses, Lon., 1707,
12mo.
Hewerdine, Thomas, Rector of Abington. 1. In-
fant Baptism, Lon., 1699, Svo. 2. Serm., 1711, Svo. 3.
The C. Prayer-Book no Mass-Book, 1718, Svo.
Hewes, Rev. F. Traus. of the Satires of A. Per-
sius Flaccus, 1809, Svo.
Hewett, Thomas. Two Serms., 1816.
Hewgill, Edwin. The Field Engineer; from the
German (4th ed.) of Tielke, Lon., 1789, 2 vols. 8vo.
Hewit, Alexander, D.D. See HEWATT.
Hewit, S. A. New Work of Animals; with 100
Plates, Lon., 1812, 4to, £6 68.
Hewitson, Wm. C. 1. British Oology, 1837, 2 vols.
r. Svo; 1846, 2 vols. r. Svo. Supp., r. Svo. See Edin. Rev.,
April, 1843, 472. 2. Illustrations of the Eggs of British
Birds, 2 vols. 8vo. New ed., 1853, &c. This work com-
prises a new ed. of the British Oology, with the Supp.
3. Illustrations of Exotic Butterflies, 1852-54, &c.
Hewitt, J. 1. A Guide for Constables, Birming.,
1779, Svo. 2. Memoirs of Lady Wilbrihammon, alius
Mollineux, alias Irving, an Impostress, 4to.
Hewitt, John. Serms., Lon., 1655, Svo.
Hewitt, John. 1. The Fair Rivals; a Trag., 1729,
8vo. 2. Fatal Falsehood; a Trag., 1734, Sro. 3. A Tutor
for the Beaus; a Com., 1737, Svo. See Diog. Dramat.
Hewitt, Johu. Treatise upon Money, Coins, and
Exchanges, Lon., 1775, Svo.
Hewlett, Ebenezer. Miracles Real Evidences of
a Divine Revelation, Lon., 1741, 8vo. This is in answer
to Chubb and Fleming.
Hewlett, John, Morning Preacher at the Foundling
Hospital, and Rector of Hilgay, pub. a number of occa-
sional serms., educational works, &c. 1. Serms., Lon.,
1786-91, 2 vols. 8vo; 5th and last ed., 1825, 3 vols. Svo.
Hewes, Lewes. Book of C. Prayer, 1640, 4to.
Hewetson, Capt. Wm. B., R.A. 1. The Blind
Boy; a Melo-Drama, 1808. Svo. 2. William Tell; from¦
the French of Florian, 1809, 12mo. 3. The Fallen Minis-
Ilis sermons are composed carefully: he says nothing but what
merits to be heard, but much, very much. that his hearers must
be anxious to treasure up for their own service.”—Pulpit, by
Onesimus.
2. The Holy Bible, with the Apocrypha and Notes, 1812,
ter, and other Tales; from the German of Spiess, 1809, pub. without the text, entitled Commentaries and Disqui-
3 vols. 4to. În 1816, (5 vols. Svo,) an ed. of the Notes was
2 vols. 12mo.
sitions on the Holy Scriptures. See Horne's Bibl. Bib.;
Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 126-127; Brit. Critic, New Ser., iii.
pp. 339 et seq. 3. Hist. of the Jews, 1813, 12mo. 4. The
Lord's Supper, 1815, Svo. Highly commended and often
reprinted.
Hewitt, John. 1. London Tower; its History, Armo-
ries, and Antiquities, Lon., 1841, 12mo. 2. A Chart of
Ancient Armour, 11th to 17th Cent., 1847; in a large
Hewlett, Mrs. Esther. See COPLEY.
Hewlett, J. G., D.D. 1. Thought upon Thought for
Young Men. New ed., 1851, 12mo.
"We should rejoice to find it in the hands of every young man
in the empire."-Lon. Christian Examiner.
2. The Oracles Interpreted; or, Scripture Difficulties Ex-
plained, 1852, 12mo. 3. Facts without Fiction, 1854, fp.
Hewlett, James P., Chaplain of Magdalen and New
Colleges, and Curate of St. Aldate's, Oxford. Serins.
adapted for Parochial and Domestic Use, Lon., 1821, Svo.
We cordially recommend these sermons as evangelical, judi-
cious, simple, and perspicuous, well calculated for village reading
and the purposes of domestic instruction.”—Lon. Investigator.
..
sheet.
"A graphic outline of the subject of military costume during
the period of the greatest interest to the English Autiquary.'
Lon. Archæological Jour.
··
There is perhaps no character more truly valuable and respect-
able than that of a laborious and faithful Parish Priest, who, by
his doctrine, precept. and example, allures to brighter worlds and
leads the way. Such was Mr. Hewlett."-Lon. Evangelical Muga-
zine.
C
Hewson. 1. A Hymne to the gentle Craft; or, Hew-
Shoemaker return'd to his trade, 1661, 4to.
son's Lamentation, 1659, fol. 2. Hewson reduc'd; or, the
Hewson, Addinell, M.D., Surgeon to Wills Hospital,
Amer. ed. of Dr. W. Mackenzie's Practical
Philadelphia.
Treatise on Diseases and Injuries of the Eye, Phila., 1855.
Svo, pp. 1028, with Plates and Cuts. From the 4th enlarged
and revised Lon. ed., 1854, 2 vols. Svo. The value of this
great work is well known to the profession.
Hewson, Thomas T., M.D., 1773–1848, son of the
following, b. in London, for nearly fifty years an eminent
physician in Philadelphia; translated F. Swediaur's Treat.
Franklin Bache. M.D., Phila., 1850, Svo.
on Syphilis, Phila., 1815, Svo. See obituary notice by
anatomist, a native of Hexham, died in consequence of
Hewson, William, M.D., 1739-1774, an eminent
receiving a wound whilst dissecting a morbid body. 1.
Experimental Inquiries into the Properties of the Blood:
in three Parts: 1. 1771, 12mo; (2d ed., 1772, 12mo;) 2.
1774, Svo; 3. 1776, Svo. See FALCONER, MAGNUS. His
papers, which were afterwards collected, were pub. in the
"A very useful and excellent device for showing at one view
the variety of fashion in the formation of armour from the 11th
to the 17th centuries."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
13th Cent., 1855, Svo.
3. Ancient Armour and Weapons in Europe to end of 23d, 24th, 25th, and 28th vols. of Phil. Trans., 1768-73.
He also contrib. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1767; Med. Com.,
1775.
Hewlings, A. Lett. to the Electors of Westminster,
rel. to J. Horne Tooke's Calumnies, 1807, Svo.
Hewnden, Anthony, Surgeon. Of a Tumour on
the Neck, cured; Phil. Trans., 1706.
Hewitt, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth, formerly Miss
Jane L. Moore, a native of Malden, Massachusetts,
removed, about two years after her marriage to Mr. Hewitt,
to New York, where she has since resided. Her earlier
em. Svo.
St.-Paur's, London, beheaded on Tower Hill, 1658, for a
Hewytt, John, D.D., Minister of St.-Gregory's-near-
political conspiracy. 1. Nine Select Serms., Lon.. 1658,
2. Repentance and Conversion the Fabrick of
Salvation, &c.; being several Serms., 1658, 8vo.
Hexham, Henry. 1. A Tongue Combat betweene
two English Souldiers, Lon., 1623, 4to.
poems first in the Knickerbocker and other
periodicals under the signature of "Ione." In 1845 she
pub. a vol. of selections from her contributions to maga-
zines, under the title of Songs of our Land, and other
In this singular work will be found many phrases current
Poems. In 1850 she edited a gift-book called The Gem
among the common people at the commencement of the 17th
of the Western World, and The Memorial, a tribute to the century."
memory of Mrs. Frances S. Osgood. She has also con- 2. Siege of the Busse, &c., Delph., 1630, 12mo. 3. Tak-
..
837
IIEY
HEY
ing in of Venlo, &c., 1633, 4to. 4. Principles of the Art
Military, 1637, fol.; Lon.. 1640, fol.; Delf. and Rotterd.,
1642, fol. 5. English and Netherduytch Dictionary, Rotter.,
1648, 4to. Enlarged, &c. by Dan. Manley, 1675, '78, 4to.
Hey, J. V. D. Observations Politiques et Morales,
Experimentés sur les Vrais Principes de la Finance, Lon.,
1784, Svo.
Hey, John, D.D., 1734–1815, educated at Catherine
Hall, Cambridge; Fellow of Sidney College, 1758; became
Rector of Passenham, Northamptonshire, and Calverton,
Buckinghamshire, first Norrisian Professor of Divinity,
1780-95. He pub. a Seatonian Prize Poem, entitled An
Essay on Redemption, 1763, 4to, Serms., 1773-1815, and
the following works, by which he is best known: 1. Lects.
in Divinity delivered in the Univ. of Cambridge, Camb.,
1796, 4 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1822, 4 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., edited
by Turton, 1841, 2 vols. 8vo.
Cannot be sufficiently admired for the various and extended
learning, the profound thought, the copious and correct diction,
the calm discussion, for which they are distinguished."-Brit.
Critic.
His manner struck me as stiff and perplexed at first; but this
wears off as I advance."-Green's Diary of a Lover of Literature,
1810, 199-206. See Horne's Bibl. Bib.
-
2. Discourses on the Malevolent Sentiments. Probably
printed 1801, Svo. Pub. 1815. On Hatred, Envy, Malice,
and Resentment.
Hey, John. On Zion's Trumpet, &c., 1801, Svo.
Hey, Richard, LL.D., Barrister-at-law, Fellow of
Sidney, Sussex, and Magdalen Colleges, Cambridge, brother
to Dr. John Hey, preceding, pub. The Captive Monarch, a
Tragedy, 1794, 8vo, Edington, a Novel, 1796, 2 vols. 12mo,
and some political and other treatises. 1. Civil Liberty
1. Civil Liberty
and the Principles of Government, Lon., 1776, Svo.
Mr. Hey's observations are generally delivered in the candid,
liberal style of a gentleman, and many of them deserve particular
attention."-Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, i. 235.
"It is entirely the result of a calm and Christian meditation,
euriched by much observation of human nature in all its various
workings, and aided by all the precision of mathematical reasoning."
-British Critic.
3. General Observations on the Writings of St. Paul,
Buckingham, 1811, Svo.
"It contains many pleasing remarks on the style and writings
of St. Paul.”—Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Bp. Kaye calls Dr. Hey "one of the most acute, impar-lation of Two Journies, the one into France, the other into
6. Cyprianus Anglicus; or, The Life and Death of Arch-
bishop Land, 1644, '68, '71, fol.; Dubl., 1719, fol. 7. Re-
tial, and judicious divines of modern times."
some of the adjacent Islands, Lon., 1656, 4to. S. France
painted to the Life, 1657, Svo. Anon. Falsely attributed
to Heylin: see Athen. Oxon. 9. Examen Historicum, 1658,
'59, Svo. This is an attack upon histories by Thomas
10. Discovery and Removal of the Stumbling-Block of
Fuller and Wm. Sanderson: see FULLER, THOMAS, p. 644.
Disobedience and Rebellion, cunningly laid down in the
Subject's Way by Calvin, 1658, 4to. 11. Certamen Epis-
tolare, 1659, Svo. 12. Declaration of the Judgment of the
Western Churches in five Controverted Points, reproached
in these late times by the name of Arminianism, 1660, 4to;
1673, Svo. This involved the author in a controversy with
some able writers. 13. Ecclesia Restaurata; or, The Hist.
of the Reformation of the Church of England, 1661, '70, '74,
fol. New ed., with Life of the Author by John Barnard,
D.D. Edited for the Eccles. Hist. Society by James C.
Robertson. Camb., 1819, 2 vols. 8vo. 14. Aerius Redi-
vivus; or, The Hist. of the Presbyterians from 1536 to 16-17,
Oxf., 1670, fol.; Lon., 1672, fol.
6.
Heylin, in his history of the Puritans and the Presbyterians,
blackens them for political devils. He is the Spagnolet of history,
delighting himself with horrors at which the painter himself must
bave started. He tells of their oppositions to monarchical and
episcopal government, their innovations in the church, and their
embroilments of the kingdom. The sword rages in their hands;
treason, sacrilege, plunder; while more of the blood of English-
men had poured like water within the space of four years, than
had been shed in the civil wars of York and Lancaster in four
centuries.”—Disraeli's Curiosities of Literature.
•
15. The Voyage of France; or, A Complete Journey
through France, [in 1625,] 1673, Svo, 1679.
"This volume. however, we assure our readers, is of a most
amusing description, and indicative of great reading and acquire
ments for the age at which it was written. It is full of the effer-
rescence of young life and animal spirits. The air of France szems
to have actually converted the author into a Frenchman, whosʊ
vivacity, point, and badinoge, he seems to have imbibed. The very
moment he touched the Gallic soil he cast away his canonicals,
and became the most facetious and joyous of good fellows, the
most lively of tourists."-Lom. Retrosp. Rev., iii. 22–31, 1821.
16. Historical and Miscellaneous Tracts; collected by
the Rev. George Vernon, with an Account of the Author's
A New Life of Heylin, by his son-in-law,
Life, 1681, fol.
Soo BARNARD, JOHN,
John Barnard, D.D., 1682, 12mo.
p. 124; and for a particular account of the controversy
between Barnard and Vernon, see Disraeli's Curiosities of
Literature, article The Rival Biographers of Heylin. To
these Lives of Heylin, Blount's Censura Celebriorum, to
Athen. Oxon., and to Gent. Mag., vol. lxxiv. 723, we refer
the reader for further particulars connected with our
author and his works.
"He was a person endowed with singular gifts, of a sharṛ and
pregnant wit, solid and clear judgment. In his younger yours he
was accounted an excellent poet, but very conceited and prag-
matical; in bis elder, a better historian, a noted preacher, and a
ready or extemporanean speaker."-Athen. Oxon.
As a politician, he had,
2. Three Disserts. on the Pernicious Effects of Gaming,
Duelling, and on Suicide, 1812, Svo. Pub. separately,
1783, '84, '85. 3. Happiness and Rights; in answer to
Paine's Rights of Man, 1792, Svo. Abridged, 1792, 12mo.
"Mr. Hey's professed object is, with Mr. Burke, to overturn the
doctrine of natural rights.”—ROBERT HALL, who reviews this work
at large: see Hall's Works, ed. 1853, iii. 124–136.
Hey, W. Parish Registers, 1812.
Hey, William, Surgeon at Leeds, 1736-1819, pub.
profess. treatises, 1779-1803, and Tracts and Essays, Moral
and Theological, 1822, Svo.
The observations of a clear and vigorous mind on various im-
portant topics."-Bickersteth's C. S.
See Life of Mr. Hey, by John Pearson, 1822, Svo. New
ed., 2 vols. p. 8vo. A new ed. of Hey's Observations on
Surgery has been pub., (1 vol. 8vo,) and a collection of his
Professional Writings, 1 vol. 8vo.
Hey, William, Jr. A Treatise on the Puerperal
Fever, Lon., 1815, Svo.
Hey, Mrs. William. 1. Moral of Flowers; new ed.,
1849, sq. cr. Svo.
<:
Full of exquisite poetry."-Blackwood's Mag.
2. Sylvan Musings; or, The Spirit of the Woods; new
ed., Lon., 1849, sq. cr. 8vo.
"The two elegant volumes with which Mrs. William Hey has
favoured the public are well fitted to lend grace and ornament to
that which is solid and useful."-Lon. Medical Gazette.
Heylin, or Heylyn, John, D D., d. about 1760,
sometimes called The Mystic Doctor, was Preb. of
Westminster, and Rector of St. Mary-le-Strand. 1. Serm.,
1720, Svo. 2. Serm., 1728, Svo. 3. Theolog. Lects., with
an Interp. of the N. Test., 1749-61, 2 vols. 4to. The first
part treats of the four Gospels; the second part, of the
Epistles.
The whole contains evident marks of solid judgment, critical
skill, and considerable learning."-Lon. Month. Rev., O. S.. xxv. 33.
5. XL. Discourses,
4. XVII. Discourses, 1770, 12mo.
1793, 2 vols. Svo. See Blackwood's Mag., xxv. 595.
Heylin, or Heylyn, Peter, D.D., 1600-1662, a na-
tive of Burford, Oxfordshire, was educated at Hart Hall,
and elected Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford; Rector
of Hemmingford, Huntingdonshire, and Preb. of Westmin-
ster, Oct. 1631, and shortly afterwards Rector of Houghton;
deprived during the Rebellion, but reinstated in all his
ecclesiastical honours at the Restoration. Heylin pub. at
least thirty-seven works,-theological, political, educa-
tional, historical, &c.-the most of which are now almost
entirely forgotten. Among the principal are—1. Micro-
cosmus; or, Description of the World, Oxon., 1622, 4to;
7th ed., improved, &c. by Edmund Bohun, 1703, fol. 2. A
Help to English History, Lon., 1641, 4to. First pub. under
the name of Rob. Hall, Gent. After several eds. bad ap-
peared, it was pub., brought down to 1773, by P. Wright,
1773, Svo. 3. Hist. of the Sabbath, 1636, 4to. 4. Hist.
of Episcopie, 1642, '57, 4to. First pub. under the name
of Theop. Churchman. 5. Hist. of the Reformation of the
Church of Scotland, 1644, '60, fol.
Heyden. See HEYDON.
Heydon, or Heyden, C., Jr. 1. Astrology Familiar-
ized, Lon., 1786, 8vo. 2. The New Astrology, 1786, 8vo.
Heydon, or Heyden, Sir Christopher. 1. A De-
fence of Judicial Astrology; in answer to Mr. John Chamber,
Camb., 1603, 4to.
“A work full of no common reading, and carried on with no
mean argument.”—Athen. Oxon.
Heydon's work was answered by Bishop Carleton; and
Chamber wrote a rejoinder to Haydon, but did not live to
publish it. See CARLETON, GEORGE, D.D.; CHAMBER, JOHN.
2. An Astrological Discourse in Justification of the
Verity of Astrology, Lon., 1650, Svo. See Athen. Oxon.
Heydon, or Heyden, John, M.D., pub. a number
of Rosicrucian and medical works, 1647-65. See Lowndes's
Bibl. Man., 92.
Heydon, John, D.D. Discourses, 1761, 2 vols. 4to.
·
"A party writer, to be read with caution. He perverts and mis-
represents."—Bickersteth's C. S.
•
833
HEY
HEY
"According to the current opinion of the age he lived in. too
'high notions of regal power; led by the common mistake of the
term supreme magistrate, and not rightly distinguishing between
the legislature and the administration."-SWIFT.
Heyne, Benjamin, M.D. 1. Tracts, Historical and
Statistical, on India, an Acct. of Sumatra, &c., Lon., 1814,4to.
"A work not so well known as from its information, particularly
statistical, it deserves to be."-Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
2. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., and Thom. Ann. Philos.,
1813.
Heynes, John. Serm., Lon., 1699, 4to.
Heynes, Matthew. Serms., 1701, both 4to.
Heynes, Samuel. Trigonometry, Lon., 1701, 8vo;
1716, 12mo.
Heyrick, John, Lieut., R.A., d. 1797, aged 35.
First Flights; pieces in Verse, Lon., 1797, 4to.
Heyrick, Samuel. Visitation Serm., 1805, 8vo.
Heyrick, Thomas. Miscellany Poems, Camb., 1691,
4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 370, £1 5%.
Heyricke, Thomas.
Heyricke, Richard. Serms., 1641, '46.
Serms., 1685, '97.
Heysham, John, M.D., of Carlisle. Profess. trea-
tises, 1776-82.
Heythuren, J. Van. The Equity Draftsman, 1817,
8vo.
Heyward. Answer to Doleman's Conference concern-
ing Succession, 1603, 4to.
Heywood, or Haywood, Mrs. Eliza, 1693 ?-1756,
daughter of a London tradesman named Fowler, pub. a
number of loose novels, which gave her a place in the
Dunciad. Her late publications were of a less exception-
able character. Among the best-known of these mis-
chievous productions are The Secret History of the pre-
sent Intrigues of the Court of Caramania, 2d ed., Lon.,
1727, 8vo; and The New Utopia. Her latter writings are-
1. The Female Spectator, 4 vols. 2. Epistles for the La-
dies, 2 vols. 3. Fortunate Foundling, 1 vol. 4. Adven-
tures of Nature, 1 vol. 5. History of Betty Thoughtless,
4 vols. 6. Jenny and Jemmy Jessamy, 3 vols. 7. In-
7. In-
visible Spy, 2 vols. 8. Husband and Wife, 2 vols.
9. A
Present for a Servant Maid, pamphlet. The above are all
12mo. She wrote several other works, and some plays.
See Biog. Dramat.; The Tatler, with Notes; Bowles's ed.
of Pope; Drake's Essays, vol. iv.
Heywood, Ellis, d. about 1572, a son of John Hey-
wood, the dramatic poet, (post,) was elected Fellow of All-
Souls College in 1547, and subsequently became a Jesuit,
and died at Louvain. He wrote a book in Italian, entitled
Il Moro, Florence, 1556, Svo.
"Contains a discourse, fancied to be in the house of Sir Tho.
More, sometime L. Chan. of England, and in consultation with
him."-Athen. Oxon., q. v.
Wood thinks that he wrote some other works.
Heywood, James. Serm., Lon., 1756, Svo.
Heywood, Jasper, 1535?-1598, Fellow of Merton
College, a son of John Heywood, the dramatic poet, (post,)
trans. into English three tragedies of Seneca.-Thyestes,
1560, 12mo; Troas, 1560, 16mo, 1581, 4to; Hercules Fu-
rens, 1561, '81, 4to,-and various Poems and Devices, some
of which are printed in The Paradise of Dainty Devices,
1573, 4to. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Warton's
Hist. of Eng. Poet.; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Heywood, John, d. 1565, Court Jester, and one of
the earliest dramatic writers, a native of North Mims,
near St. Alban's, educated at Oxford, was a great favourite
with Henry VIII., and Queen Mary, his successor, on ac-
count of "the mirth and quickness of his conceits." On
the death of Mary, fearing that his principles as a Roman
Catholic would invite persecution, he retired to Mechlin,
in Brabant, where he resided until his death. A collec-
tion of his works was pub. in 1562, 4to; also in 1556, '66,
'76, '87, 98, all 4to. His longest production is a poem
entitled The Spider and the Flie, 1556, 4to. This allego-
rical work-containing ninety-eight chapters in the octave
stanza-is intended to vindicate the Roman Catholic ad-
ministration, of which the author was an admirer. Queen
Mary is represented by the maid with her broom, (the civil
sword,) executing the commands of her master, (Christ,)
and her mistress, (the Church.) The Flies are the Roman
Catholics, and the Spiders are the Protestants. The au-
nu-
thor has not made his illustrations very clear; for Harrison
declares
.:
One hath made a booke of the SPIDER AND THE FLIE, wherein
he dealeth so profoundlie. and beyond all measure of skill, that
neither he himselfe that made it, neither anie one that readeth it.
can reach unto the meaning thereof."-Description of Britaine;
prefixed to Holinshed's Chronicle.
As a poet Heywood does not seem to have been more
Fuccessful than as a theologian:
!
"Perhaps there never was so dull, so tedious and trifling an
apologue: without fancy, meaning, or moral."- Warton's Hist. of
Eng. Poetry.
This vol. is very rare, and has been sold at high prices.
Of Heywood's poetical Dialogue, containing the number
in effect of all the Proverbs in the English language,
(1547, 8vo,) and his three quarto pamphlets, containing
600 epigrams, there were numerous editions before the
year 1598, in which year appeared the last ed. of his
Works, 4to. None of his dramatic works, which are six
in number, extend beyond the limits of an interlude.
Their titles are: 1. A Play between Johan the husband,
Tyb the wife, and Sir Johan the priest, 1593, 4to. 2. A
merry Play between the Pardoner and the Friar, the
Curate and Neighbour Prat, 1593, 4to. 3. The Play
called The Four P. P.; a newe and a very merry Inter-
lude of a Palmer, a Pardoner, a Potycary, and a Pedlar,
N. D. D. C., 4to. 4. A Play of Genteelness and Nobility,
N. D., Int., 4to. 5. A Play of Love, Int., 1533, 4to. 6. A
Play of the Weather, Int., 1553, 4to.
For particulars respecting Heywood and his works, see
Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Cibber's Lives; Phillips's
Theat. Poet.; Biog. Dramat.; Ellis's Specimens; Cen-
sura Lit., vols. iii., ix.; Brit. Bibliog., vol. iii.; Dodd's
Ch. Hist., vol. ii.; Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poet.; Chal-
mers's Biog. Dict.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Disraeli's
Amenities of Lit.
"His comedies, most of which appeared before the year 1534,
are destitute of plot, bumour, or character, and give us no very
high opinion of the festivity of this agreeable companion. They
fection must not be expected before its time.
consist of low incident and the language of ribaldry. But per-
He is called our
first writer of comedies. But those who say this speak without
determinate ideas. and confound comedies with moralities aud
interludes. We will allow that he is among the first of our dra-
matists who drove the Bible from the stage and introduced repre-
sentations of familiar-life and popular manners.... Ilis Epigrams,
and perhaps were often extemporaneous sallies, made and repeated
six hundred in number, are probably some of his jokes versified,
in company. Wit and humour are ever found in proportion to the
progress of politeness.
progress of politeness. The miserable drolleries and the con-
temptible quibbles with which these little pieces are pointed
tion, but in the conversation, of our ancestors....
indicate the great want of refinement, not only in the composi-
Another of
Heywood's works is a poem in long verse, entitled A DIALOGUE
contayning in effect the number of al the PROVERBS in the English
tongue compact in a matter concerning two marriages.. All the
proverbs of the English language are here interwoven into a very
silly comic of Eng. Poet.
silly comie tale."-Wurton's Hist. of Eng. Poet.
…….
"Of John Heywood. the favourite jester of Henry the Eighth
and bis daughter Mary, and the intimate of Sir Thomas More,
whose congenial humour may have mingled with his own, more
table-talk and promptness at reply have been handed down to us
than of any writer of the times. Ilis quips, and quirks, and
quibbles, are of his age, but his copious pleasantry still enlivens;
these smoothed the brow of Henry. and relaxed the rigid muscles
of the melancholy Mary."-Disraelï's Amenities of Literature.
Heywood, Nathaniel, 1633-1677, Minister at
also a Non-conformist divine. Christ Displayed; being a
Ormskirk, Lancashire, brother of Oliver Heywood, and
series of Serms., 1679.
brother, who also wrote his Life. See Oliver Heywood's
Pub. by Oliver Heywood, his
Works, ed. 1827, vol. i. 447.
divine, a native of Bolton, Lancashire, admitted of Trin.
Heywood, Oliver, 1629-1702, a Non-conformist
Coll., Camb., 1647; minister of Halifax, 1652; deprived
His treatise entitled Life in God's Favour was reprinted
at the Restoration. He wrote a number of serms., &c.
by John Fawcett, D.D., who also wrote a Sketch of the
author's Life, 1798, Svo. His Life, by Rev. J. Hunter,
was pub. in 1842, '44, Svo; and in 1827 (5 vols. Svo) ap-
revised and arranged; including some tracts exceedingly
peared (by Vint) his Whole Works now first collected,
rare, and others from unpublished MSS.
Closet-Prayer, Intercession of Christ, Life in God's Fa-
CONTENTS:-Heart Treasure. Sure Mercies of David,-
Family Altar, Best Entail, Heavenly Converse, New Crea-
vour, Israel's Lamentation, Job's Appeal, Baptismal Bonds,
Monitor, Sermons, &c.
ture, The Two Worlds, Meetness for Heaven, Youth's
Richard Slate, and revised by the editor of Mr. Hey-
Vol. i. contains Memoirs of Heywood, by the Rev.
wood's works.
C
Heywood's works are valuable in themselves, and are strongly
recommended by the most excellent character of the writer."-.
Williams's C. P.
Heywood, Samuel, Serjeant-at-Law. 1. Laws of
County Elections, Lon., 1790, 1818, Svo. 2. Law of
Borough Elections, 1797, Svo. 3. Vindic. of Mr. Fox's
Hist. of James II., 1811, 4to.
"He [Serjeant Heywood] has not the talent of saying what he
has to say quickly; nor is he aware that brevity is in writing
what charity is to all her virtues. Righteousness is worth no-
thing without the o nor authorship without the other. But
HEY
HIB
whoever will forgive this little defect will find, in all his produc-
tione, great learning, immaculate honesty, and the most scrupu-
lous accuracy. Whatever detections of Mr. Rose's inaccuracies
are made in this Review are to be entirely given to him: and we
confess ourselves quite astonished at the number and extent of
these inaccuracies."-REV. SYDNEY SMITH: Edin. Rev., xviii 325-
343.
See our Life of Fox, CHARLES JAMES, in this Dictionary.
4. Dissert. upon the Distinctions in Society and Ranks
of the People under the Anglo-Saxon Government, 1818,
8vo. See Edin. Rev., lv. 309.
Heywood, Thomas, an actor, dramatic poet, and
prose writer, temp. Elizabeth, James I., and Charles I.,
was a native of Lincolnshire, and a Fellow of Peter House,
Cambridge. He tells us that there were no less than 220
plays in which he had "either an entire hand, or at the
least a main finger," (Pref. to the English Traveller;)
but of this large number only 23 have come down to us,
and of these The Late Lancashire Witches was written
in conjunction with R. Broome, and Fortune by Land
and Sea in conjunction with Wm. Rowley. For a list
of these plays and his other works, and criticisms upon a
number of them, we refer the reader to Langbaine's
Dramat. Poets; Winstanley's English Poets; Biog. Dra-
mat.; Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poet.; Censura Literaria,
vol. i.; Brit. Bibliographer, vol. i.; Restituta, vol. i. p.
240; Ellis's Specimens of Early English Poetry; Lamb's
Specimens of Eng. Dramat. Poets; Hazlitt's Lects. on
the Dramatic Lit. of the Age of Elizabeth; Collier's
Hist. of Eng. Poet., and his ed. of Heywood's Dramat.
Works, pub. by the Shakspeare Society, 1850, &c.; Schle-
gel's Lects. on the Dramatic Art and Lit.; Lowndes's
Bibl. Man., 924-927; Whipple's Essays and Reviews
Lon. Retrosp. Rev., 1823, xi. 124-160; Blackwood's
Mag., iii. 141; iv. 171, 668; xxiv. 570; Edin. Rev., lxiv.
526; lxxiii. 220-225. Among the best-known of his pro-
ductions are the following: 1. The Rape of Lucrece; a
Tragedy, 1608, 4to; 4th ed., 1630, 4to; 5th ed., 1638, 4to.
"One of the most wild. irregular. and unaccountable produc-
tions of bis age.
Amongst the most extravagant buffoonery,
we find sparks of genius which would do honour to any drama.
tist."-Lon. Retrosp. Rev.. ubi supra.
5. England's Elizabeth; her Life and Troubles during
her Minority, from the Cradle to the Crown, 1631, 12mo;
1632, '41, 12mo. This ed. is reprinted in the Harleian
Miscellany.
6. The English Traveller; a Tragi-Comedy, 1633, 4to.
"This play is written in verse, and with that ease and perspi-
cuity, seldom rising to passion or figurative poetry, which distin-
guishes this dramatist. . . . The underplot of this play is largely
borrowed from the Mostellaria of Plautus, and is diverting, though
somewhat absurd.”—Hallam's Lil. Hist. of Europe.
while he lived. It does not appear that he ever contemplated the
possibility of being read by after-ages. What a slender pittance
of fame was motive sufficient to the production of such plays as
the English Traveller, The Challenge for Beauty, and the Worau
Killed with Kindness! Posterity is bound to take care that a
writer loses nothing by such a noble modesty.”—CHARLES LAMB :
ubi supra.
"Heywood's preface to this play is interesting, as it shows the
heroic indifference about the opinion of posterity which some of
these great writers seem to have felt. There is a magnanimity in
authorship as in every thing else. His ambition seems to have
been confined to the pleasure of hearing the players speak his lines
"A production which abounds with good scenes. good writing,
and excellent sentim.nt, and is distinguished by pure, gentle, and
attractive characters.”—Retrosp. Rev., ubi supra.
7. The Late Lancashire Witches; a Comedy, 1634, 4to,
by R. Heywood and R. Broome. 8. The Ilierarchie of
the Blessed Angels; their Names, Orders, and Offices: the
Fall of Lucifer with his Angells, 1635, fol.
..
Heywood has been called a Prose Shakspeare for his dramas,
which are indeed touching pictures of plain, homely, fireside feel-
ings, that make us more intimately acquainted with the life and
practical morals of our ancestors than the more intellectual produc-
tions of his compeers can possibly do. I am afraid his Hierarchie
of Angels will scarce entitle him to be called a Prose Milton; you it
is sufficiently curious to merit preservation "-Blackw. Mag.
The Hierarchie of the Blessed Angels was a great th
vourite of Sir Walter Scott, who often refers to it. 9. A
Challenge for Beavtie; a Tragi-Comedy, 1636, 4to.
"Full of action and interest, and possesses a great variety of
well-discriminated characters. . . . There is great vivacity in this
performance, and sometimes considerable smartness of repartee."
-Retrosp. Rev., ubi supra.
•
.
10. Love's Maistresse; or, The Queen's Masque, 1636,
4to. 11. The Royall King and the Loyall Subject; a Tragi-
indebted to the plot of this piece: see Hallam's Lit. Hist.
4to. Beaumont's Loyal Subject was greatly
of Europe. 12. The General History of Women, 1657,
Svo. A number of Heywood's pieces have been repub. in
Dodsley's and other Collections; several have been edited
for the Shakspeare Society by Barron Field; and Mr.
Collier has edited Heywood's Dramatic Works for the
same association.
2. An Apology for Actors, 1612, 4to. This is one of
the best of his prose pieces. 3. A Women kilde with
Kindnesse; a Play, Lon., 1617, 4to.
"The language is not much raised above that of comedy; but
we can hardly rank a tale of guilt, sorrow, and death, in that
dramatic category. It may be read with interest and approbation
at this day, being quite free from extravagance either in manner
or language.-the besettings in of our earlier dramatists-and
equally so from buffoonery. The subject resembles that of
Kotzebue's drama, The Stranger, but is managed with a nobler
tone of morality.”—Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
"The winding up of this play is rather awkwardly managed,
and the moral is, according to established usage, equivocal. It
required only Frankford's reconciliation to his wife, as well as his
forgiveness of her for the highest breach of matrimonial duty, to
have made a Woman Killed with Kindness a complete counterpart
of The Stranger. Heywood, however, was in that respect but half
a Kotzebue."—Hazlitt's Lects. on the Dramat. Lit. of the Age of
Elizabeth.
Lects. on the Dramatic Art and Lit.
But Schlegel points out a wide disparity between the
management of the two dramas thus compared: see his
"Heywood is a sort of prose Shakspeare. His scenes are to the
His scenes are to the
full as natural and affecting. But we miss the poet,-that which in
Shakspeare always appears out and above the surface of the nature.
Heywood's characters in this play, for instance, his country gen-
tleman, &c., are exactly what we see, but of the best kind of what
we see, in life. Shakspeare makes us believe, while we are among
his lovely creations, that they are nothing but what we are familiar
with, as in dreams new things seem old; but we awake, and sigh |
for the difference."-CHARLES LAMB: Specimens of Eng. Dramat. |
Poets.
4. Nine Bookes of various History concerninge Women;
inscribed by ye names of ye nine Muses, 1624, fol. This
is a very amusing book, and exhibits no little learning upon
the subject discussed.
"In this singular and scarce volume occurs a double version of
the Enigma assigned to Cleobulus of Lindus." See Brunck's Ana-
lecta.
"Heywood I shall mention next. as a direct contrast to Marlowe
in every thing but the smoothness of his verse. As Marlowe's
imagination glows like a furnace, Heywood's is a gentle lambent
flame, that purifies without consuming. His manner is simplicity
itself. There is nothing supernatural, nothing startling or terrific.
He makes use of the commonest circumstances of every-day life,
and of the easiest tempers, to show the workings, or rather the
inefficacy, of the passions,-the vis inertiæ of tragedy."-HAZIJTT.
"Heywood seldom rises to much vigour of poetry; but bis dra-
matic invention is ready, his style is easy, his characters do not
transgress the boundaries of nature, and it is not surprising that
he was popular in his age.”—Hullam's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
66
Heywood's best comedies are distinguished by a peculiar air,
a superior manner; his gentlemen are the most refined in their
nice sense of the true and beautiful, their fine moral perception,
and finished in the most scrupulous attention to polite manners;
most exact in the observances of decorum without appearing ri-
gorously precise. ductile as fused gold to that which is good, and
unmalleable to that which is evil; men, in short, of most erected
spirits.'"-Retrosp. Rev., ubi supra.
Hiam, otherwise called Abiezer, Coppe, which is
believed to have been his true name, 1619-1672, pub. some
theolog. treatises noticed on p. 429.
Hibbard, Freeborn Garrettson, a minister of the
M.E. Church, b. 1811, in N. Rochelle, N.Y. 1. Christian Bap-
tism, in 2 pts., N.Y., 12mo. 2. Palestine: its Geog. and Hist.,
8vo. 3. The Psalms, chronologically arranged, 1856, Svo.
Hibberd, Shirley. 1. Summer Songs, Lon., 1851,
12mo. 2. Brambles and Bay-Leaves: Essays on the Homely
and Beautiful, 1855, fp. 3. The Town Garden, 1855, 18mo.
4. Rustic Adornments for Homes of Taste, 1856, 12mo; 2d
ed., 1857, Svo. 5. Epitome of the War, from its Outbreak
to its Close, 1856, 12mo. 6. Fresh-Water Aquaria, 1856,
12mo. 7. Marine Aquarium, 1856, 12mo. 8. Book of the
Water-Cabinet, 1856, 12mo. 9. Aquarium and Water-Ca-
binet, 1856, 12mo. 10. Garden Favourites, 1858, Svo.
Hibbert, George, M.P., Speeches in H. of C. on the
Abolition of the Slave Trade, 1807, Svo.
Hibbert, Henry. 1. Two Serms., Lon., 1624, 4to.
2. Serm., 1661, 4to. 3. Systema Theologicum, or a Body
of Divinity, and 12 Serins., 1662, fol. Hibbert's sale,
3957, £3 19s.
Hibbert, Samuel, M.D., of Manchester, Secretary
to the Society of Scottish Antiquaries. 1. Descrip. of the
Shetland Islands, Edin., 1822, 4to.
"The information is valuable: some of it new; but not suffi-
ciently select or condensed."-Stevenson's Voyages and Travels. See
Blackwood's Mag., ii. 380.
2. Hist. of Extinet Volcanoes on the Lower Rhine, Svo.
3. Hist. of Foundations of Manchester, 3 vols. 4to and r.
4to. 4. Hist. of Manchester Cathedral, 4to and r. 4to. 5.
Sketches of the Philosophy of Apparitions.
"We have read this interesting volume with much pleasure
The account of the opinions formerly entertained of the origin,
nature, and power of spirits is particularly valuable."- West-
minster Review.
"Viewed in the light of a medical guide, it cannot fail to provo
of great advantage as well to the professional student as to the
810
HIC
HIC
general reader. We are now reluctantly compelled to leave this
amusing and most instructive volume: but we cannot permit our-
selves to finish our very imperfect review of it without recommend-
ing to our readers not only the book itself, but more particularly
the principle upon which it is written,-the attempt to trace all
spectral illusions to their physical cause."—British Critic.
Also highly commended by the New Monthly Mag.;
Literary Gazette; Literary Chronicle; Scotsman; London
Star. An interesting notice of it by "Christopher North"
will be found in Noctes Ambrosianæ, March, 1825; and
see Dr. Shelton Mackenzie's note to his ed. of the Noctes,
N. York, 1855, vol. ii. 56.
Hichoch, Robert. See HITCHCOCK.
Hickeringill, Edmund, 1630-1708, educated at
Cambridge, became a captain in the army, and, in 1662,
Rector of All-Saints, Colchester. His belligerent spirit
accompanied him into the church, to which he gave great
offonce by a number of "wild and scurrilous attacks" on
Priestcraft, (1705, 4to,) &c. In 1707 he pub. a collection
of Miscellaneous Tracts, Essays, Satyrs, &c. in Prose.
Lon., 1707, 4to. In addition to his occasional serms. and
pamphlets, he put forth, in 1660, 4to, Jamaica Viewed;
also pub. in 1661, 1705, 4to, and included in his collection
of Miscellaneous Tracts. The writer had spent some time
in Jamaica. In 1716 there was pub. a 2d ed. of his Works,
Oxf., 3 vols. 8vo. The editor says:
"The greatest writers of our times trembled at his pen; and, as
great a genius as Sir Roger L'Estrange's was, it submitted to his
superior way of reasoning."
But Newcourt treats him with less ceremony, and
racterizes him as
"An impudent, violent, ignorant fellow, very troublesome, as
far as he could, to his right reverend diocesan, and to all that lived
near him."-Repertorium.
6.
·For a particular defence of our own Reformers against the
cavils of Romish writers, see Abp. Laud's Conference with Fisher,
Leslie's Case stated between the Ch. of England and the Ch. of
Ronie, and Dr. Hickes's Letters to a Popish Priest. In these will
be found a full refutation of the charges brought against our Re-
formers. and a complete vindication of them upon the soundest
principles of church-unity and church-authority."-BISHOP VAN
MILDERT.
7. Two Treatises: one on the Christian Priesthood, the
other Of the Dignity of the Episcopal Order, &c., 1707,
'11, 8vo; 3d ed., with addits., 1711, 2 vols. 8vo; 4th ed.,
Oxon., 1847-48, 3 vols. 8vo. In Lib. of Anglo-Cath.
Theol. S. Serms., with a Pref. by N. Spinckes, 1713,
2 vols. 8vo. 9. Devotions in the Ancient Way of Offices
Reformed, 1717, 8vo. New ed., 1846, fp. 8vo. The ori-
chaginal of this was by John Austin, who died 1669: (see p. 83
of this Dictionary.) It was remodelled by Mrs. S. Hopton,
and Dr. Hickes wrote a preface for the work thus revised.
10. Life of John Kettlewell, 1718, Svo. 11. Serms., 1726,
8vo. Posth. See Biog. Brit., vol. vii., Supp.; Burnet's
Own Times; Birch's Life of Tillotson; Letters by Emi-
nent Persons, 1813, 3 vols. 8vo; Jones's Life of Bishop
Horne; T. B. Macaulay's Hist. of Eng., vol. iii., 1856.
"A few other nonjurors ought to be particularly noticed. High
all the Englishmen of his time he was the most versed in the old
among them in rank was George Hickes, Dean of Worcester. Of
Teutonic languages; and his knowledge of the early Christian
literature was extensive. As to his capacity for political discus-
sions. it may be sufficient to say that his favourite argument for
passive obedience was drawn from the story of the Theban legion."
-T. B. MACAULAY : ubi supra.
See also Athen. Oxon.; Malone's Dryden.
Hickes, or Hicks, Gaspar. 4 Šerms., Lon., 1644-
45. See Athen. Oxon.
Hickes, George, D.D., 1642-1715, a native of News-
ham, Yorkshire, entered St. John's College, Oxford, 1659;
after the Restoration removed to Magdalen College,
thence to Magdalen Hall, and in 1664 was chosen Fellow
of Lincoln College; Rector of St. Ebbe's church, Oxford,
about 1675; Vicar of All-Hallows Barking, London, 1680;
Dean of Worcester, 1683; deprived on refusing to take
the oath to William and Mary, 1689; consecrated Bishop
of Thetford by the Nonjurors, 1694. Dr. Hickes was one
of the most profoundly-learned men of his time, and of
inflexible integrity of character. He pub. many contro-
versial treatises on religion and politics, and some other
works, (for a list of which see authorities cited below,) the
most of which are now forgotten. The following are among
the principal of his productions:-1. Jovian; or, an
Answer to Johnson's Julian the Apostate, and Passive
Obedience Defended, 1673, 'S3, Svo. Anon.
"Wherein is showed that, notwithstanding this Doctrine of Non-
resistance or Passive Obedience, we are secure enough of our lives,
properties, and religion.”—Chap. xiì.
2. The Spirit of Euthusiasm Exorcised; or, a Sermon
on 1 Cor. xii. 4, Lon., 1681, '83, 4to; 4th ed., with addits.,
1709, 8vo.
"A very learned and important discourse."-BISHOP VAN MILdert.
3. Institutiones Grammaticæ Anglo-Saxonicæ et Mæso-
Gothica, a G. Hickesio, Grammatica Islandica Runolphi
Ionæ. Catalogus Librorum Septentrionalium. Accedit
Edvardi Bernardi Etymologium Britannicum, Oxon.,
1689, 4to. A very valuable work.
"This book discovers an accuracy in this language beyond the
attainments of any that had gone before him in that study, and
will be of most necessary use to such as shall apply themselves to
the right understanding of the ancient history and laws of this
kingdom. But, as all first draughts of any sort are usually im-
perfect, so there seem to be some defects in it that might have
been supplied. For example: there wanted a chapter of the
variety of dialects, which might have been had out of the northern
interlineary versions of the gospel, mentioned by Dr. Marshall;
one whereof is peremptorily affirmed to have belonged to St.
Cuthbert, as the other, in all likelihood, did to Venerable Bede."
—Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib. See extract continued under
No. 4.
4. Linguarum Veterum Septentrionalium Thesaurum
Grammatico-Criticum et Archæologicum, 1703-05, 6
Parts, fol. generally bound in two or three vols. Pub. at
£3 38.; large paper, £5 58. Large-paper copies of this
great work were sold at £15 formerly, but can now be had
at from £5 to £6. Many portions of the work are taken
from original Saxon MSS. now lost.
"Dr. Hickes, the great master of the Northern languages in
general and of the Anglo-Saxon in particular. accomplished the
most arduous task in compiling and publishing, amidst the hard-
ships of deprivation and poverty, his famed Thesaurus Linguarum
Veterum Septentrionalium."-DR. INGRAM.
..
All these defects [vide ante] are now amply supplied by the
great author in his Linguarum Vet. Septentrionalium Thesaurus
Grammatico-Criticus et Archæologicus; which has had so many
just praises given it, at home and abroad, that few English
readers can be strangers to its contents."-BISHOP NICOLSON, ubi
supra.
The bishop, referring to the Anglo-Saxon version of
Bede's History of the Anglo-Saxon Church, declares that
Dr. Hickes was "of all inen now living the best able to
give a character of the performance.'
- Ubi supra.
"}
5. Several Letters which passed between Dr. G. Hickes
and a Popish Priest, Lon., 1705, 8vo; 3d ed., 1727, Svo.
6. A Second Collection of Letters rel. to the Ch. of Erg.
and Ch. of Rome, 1710, 8vo, between Dr. Hickes and
Lady Carew. The two collections were reprinted in 1715,
2 vols. 8vo.
of the Train-Bands, and a Fifth-Monarchy man,
Hickes, or Hicks, William, 1620-1659, a captain
educated
at Wadham College, Oxford. Revelation Revealed; being
a Practical Exposition of the Revelation of St. John, Lon.,
1659, '61, fol. See Athen. Oxon.
Hickes, or Hicks, William, a captain apparently
in the recruiting-service during the Civil War temp.
Charles I. 1. Oxford Jests, 1669; enlarged, 1720, 12mo.
This is called the first Jest-Book in the language. 2.
Coffee-House Jests; 3d ed., 1684. 3. Oxford Drollery;
being new poems and songs, 1679. Lloyd, £3 10s.
Grammatical Drollery; consisting of Poems and Songs.
This is ascribed to Hickes, but without certainty. Bibl.
Anglo-Poet., £5 5s.
4.
|
،.
This Ilicks, who was a sharking and indigent fellow while he
lived in Oxon.. and a great pretender to the art of dancing, (which
he forscoth would sometimes teach.) was also author of Coffee
House Jests, the third edition of which came out in 1684. and of
other trivial matters meerly to get bread and make the pot walk.”
Athen. Oxon.
Honest old Anthony seems to have held in great con.
tempt those whose motto is
“Tenui musam meditamur aveva”:-
"We cultivate literature upon a little oatmeal :”—
or who employed their pen for the grovelling purpose
of "making the pot walk."
Hickes. See also HICKS.
Hickey, Thomas. Storia della Pittura e la Scul-
tura; or, a History of Painting and Sculpture from the
earliest accounts, Ital. and Eng., Calcutta, 1788, 4to.
Hickie, Rev. D. B., LL.D., Head-Master of Arch-
bishop Sandys's Grammar-School, Hawkshead, has pub. a
Greek Primer, a Latin Grammar, an ed. of Xenophon's
Anabasis and the Memorabilia of Socrates, of Longinus
On the Sublime, Select Idylls of Theocritus, &c.
Hickman, Charles, D.D., d. 1713, a native of
Northamptonshire, student of Christ Church, Oxford,
1667; minister of St. Ebbe's Church, Oxford; Lecturer of
St. James's, Westminster, 1692; subsequently Rector of
Hogsnorton, Leicestershire; Bishop of Derry, 1702. 1.Serm.;
pub. separately, 1680-95. 2. Serms. before the H. of Com-
mons, 1690, 4to. 3. Fourteen Serms., 1700, 8vo; 2d ed.,
1706, 8vo; 3d ed., 1718, Svo. 4. Twelve Serms. on the
Festivals and Fasts, 1713, 8vo; 2d ed., 1724, Svo.
<<
'Bp. Hickman, as a writer of sermons, bas scarce a superior,
and few equals."-SAMUEL CLAPHAM. See Athen. Oxon.
Hickman, Henry, d. at Leyden, 1692, a Non-con-
841
་
ПІС
HIG
formist divine, a native of Worcestershire, educated at
Cambridge, Fellow of Magdalene College, Oxford, was de-
prived at the Restoration, and became preacher to the
English congregation at Leyden, where he died. He pub.
several controversial theological treatises, (1659-74,) the
best of which appeared without his name:-Apologia pro
Ministris in Anglia (vulgo) Non-conformistis, &c., 1664.
Hickman, William. Rheumatism, 1816, Svo.
Hickok, Laurens Perseus, D.D., b. Dec. 29,
1798, at Danbury, Fairfield county, Conn., graduated at
Union College, 1820; licensed as a preacher by the Fair-
field East Association, 1822; Professor of Theology in
Western Reserve College, Ohio, 1836-44; removed in the
latter year to the Auburn Theological Seminary, and in
1852 accepted the Professorship of Mental and Moral
Science in, with the Vice-Presidency of, Union College.
1. Rational Psychology, Auburn, 1848, 12mo. 2. Moral
Science, Schenectady, 1853, 12mo. 3. Empirical Psycho-
logy, 1854, 12mo: see N. Amer. Rev., lxxx. 265. 4. Ra-
tional Cosmology; or, The Eternal Principles and the Ne-
cessary Laws of the Universe, 1858, Svo. Dr. Hickock has
pub. several serms, and college addresses, and contributed
a number of papers to the Bibliotheca Sacra, the Biblical
Repository, and the Christian Spectator.
Hickok, Thomas. The Voyage and Trauails of
H. Cæsar Frederick; written at Sea, 1588. Trans. from
the Italian, Lon., 1588, 4to.
Hickox, John Howard, b. at Albany, New York,
1832, Assistant Librarian of the New York State Library.
An Historical Account of American Coinage, Albany, 1858,
8vo, pp. 151; plates. 200 copies printed; 5 on large paper.
The student of American history will find this beautiful
volume of great service in his researches. Mr. Hickox has
contributed papers to various periodicals.
Hicks, Elias, d. 1830, aged 81, a native of Jericho,
Long Island, was for many years a preacher in the Society
of Friends or Quakers. In the latter years of his life be pro-
mulgated some theological opinions which led to a division
of the sect of which he was a minister. See-1. Journal
of his Life and Religious Labours, Phila.; 2. His Sermons,
1828, Svo; 3. A Doctrinal Epistle written by Elias Hicks
in 1820, Svo, 1824; 4. Letters, &c. relating to the Doc-
trines of Elias Hicks, 1824, 12mo; 5. Observ. on the
Serms. of Elias Hicks, by a Demi-Quaker, 1826, Svo;
6. An Examination of an Epistle issued by a meeting of
the followers of Elias Hicks: being a statement of facts
relative to their separation from the Society of Friends,
1827, 12mo; 7. A View of the sentiments of Elias Hicks
respecting future rewards and punishments, 1829, 12mo;
8. The Bible Advocate; or, an answer to Elias Hicks's
blasphemies and others, by George Senneff, a mechanic;
2d ed., 1837, 12mo; 9. Elias Hicks and the Hicksite
Quakers: an art. by Rev. G. W. Burnap in Chris. Exam.,
li. 321. In 1811 Elias Hicks pub. his opinions on a mat-
ter greatly agitated since he examined the subject:-Ob-
servations on Slavery, New York, 12mo.
Hicks, Fabian. Abridgt. of Plowden's Commen-
taries, Lon., 1650, '59, 12mo.
Hicks, or Hyckes, Francis, 1566-1630, a native
of Worcestershire, educated at St. Mary Hall, Oxford,
made a trans. of Lucian, pub. by his son, Thomas Hicks,
1634, 4to. He left some MS. trans. from Thucydides and
Herodian.
Hicks, Henry. Dr. Pearson's Publication relative
to the Vaccine-Pock Inoculation, Lon., 1803, 8vo.
Hicks, Mrs. Rebecca, of Virginia. 1. The Lady-
Killer, Phila. 2. The Milliner and the Millionaire, 12mo.
Hicks, Samuel. Six Discourses, Lon., 1767, 12mo.
Hicks, T. A Medical Treatise, Lon., 1703, Svo.
Hicks, or Hyckes, Thomas, d. 1634, Chaplain of
Christ Church, Oxford, son of Francis Hicks, (ante,) wrote
the Life of Lucian, and the Notes and Illustrations upon
each dialogue which enrich his father's trans. of that au-
thor, 1634, 4to.
"Besides his great skill in the Greek tongue, he was esteemed
among the academicians a good poet and an excellent limner."-
Athen. Oxon.
Hicks, Thomas.
1. The Quaker's Appeal answered,
Lon., 1674, 8vo. 2. Three Dialogues between a Christian
and a Quaker, 1675, 12mo. No. 1 is included in this vol.
Hicks, William. Sec HICKES.
Hicks. See also HICKES.
Hide, Edward. See HYDE.
Hide, Thomas, a priest. A Consolatorie Epistle to
the Sick and Afflicted Catholickes, Lov., by John Lyon,
1580, Svo.
Hider, Jon., S.T.P. Manuale Confessorum, 4to.
Hieover, Harry, (a nom de plume.) 1. Stable-Talk
and Table-Talk; or, Spectacles for Young Sportsmen;
new ed., Lon., 2 vols. 8vo.
"Harry Hieover is a thoroughly practical man; and he is more
than that: he is a thoroughly amusing one, the pleasantest quill-
driver probably that ever drove four horses as they ought to be
driven.”—Lon. New Sporting Magazine.
See also Bell's Life in London; Lon. Times; Lon. Exa-
miner.
2. The Pocket and the Stud; or, How to procure and
keep Horses, fp. Svo.
"Few books are so sure to save large amounts of £ s. d. to those
who study their precepts as The Pocket and the Stud of Mr.
Hieover."-Lon. Quar. Rev., March, 1849.
3. The Stud for Practical Purposes and Practical Men,
fp. Svo.
"When the veterinarian returns home at eve, after his round
of labours for the day, instead of dozing off to sleep in his easy-
chair, let him seek recreation in beguiling an hour with Harry."
-Lon. Veterinarian,
See also The Britannia, &c.
4. Hints to Horsemen, 1856.
"When Harry Hieover gives hints to horsemen, he does not
mean by that term riders exclusively, but owners, breeders, buyers,
sellers, and admirers, of horses. To teach such men how to make
money is to impart no valueless instruction to a large class of
mankind. The advice is frankly given, and, if no benefit result,
it will not be for want of good counsel."-Lon. Athenæum.
See also Lon. Express, &c.
Hieron, Samuel, 1572-1617, a native of Epping,
Essex, educated at King's College, Cambridge, was pre-
held until his death. He was zealously opposed to Ro-
to the living of
which he
manism and considered a Puritan, but adhered rigidly to
the Church of England. He pub. serms., a poetical an-
swer to a Romish Rime, and several theolog. treatises,
1604-18. Workes, 1614, fol. Reprinted, with an addit.
vol., edited by Robt. Hill, with a Life of the Author, 1620,
2 vols. fol. Again, 1635, 2 vols. fol.
"A good old writer.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
Hiffernan, Paul, 1719–1777, a native of the county
of Dublin, Ireland, came to London in 1753, and for the
1. The Ticklers; a set
rest of his life was a hack author.
of Periodical Papers pub. in Dublin about 1750. 2. The
Tuner; a set of Periodical Papers pub. in London, 1753.
3. The Wishes of a Free People; a Dramatic Poem, 1761.
4. The Earl of Warwick; a Trag. from the French of La
Harpe, Lon., 1761, 4to. 5. Dramatic Genius; an Essay
in 5 Books, 1770. 6. The Philosophic Whim, or Astro-
nomy; a Farce, 1774, 4to. 7. The Heroine of the Cave;
a Trag., 1775, Svo. See Biog. Dramat.; Davies's Life of
Garrick, i. 247; Ireland's Life of Henderson, 61.
Higden, Henry. 1. Modern Essay on the tenth
Satire of Juvenal, 1687, 4to. 2. The Wary Widow, or
Sir Noise Parrot; a Comedy, 1698, 4to.
Higden, Ranulph, or Ralph, d. 1360, aged between
60 and 90, a Benedictine of St. Werberg's Monastery in
Chester, was the author of a Latin chronicle entitled
Polychronicon. Dr. Gale pub. that part which relates to the
Britons and Saxons among his Quindecem Scriptores, &c.,
(i. 177.) The Polychronicon was trans. into English by
John de Trevisa in 1387, and from this Caxton made a
version (adding an 8th book, or continuation from 1387 to
1460) and printed it in 1482, fol. A copy was sold at
Dent's sale (Pt. 2, 143) for £103 198. Reprinted by Wyn-
kon de Worde, with addits. and a Hymn in praise of His-
tory, 1495, fol. Again, by Peter Treveris, 1527, fol. The
Polychronicon of Higden is divided into seven books.
Book i. contains a description of countries in general, and
especially of Britain; books ii.-vi. give us a Civil His-
tory from the Creation to temp. Edward III. The Chester
Mysteries, exhibited in that city in 1328, have been as-
See
cribed to Higden; but this has been stoutly denied.
Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib.; Dibdin's Typ. Antiq.;
Dibdin's Lib. Comp. ; Bibl. Spenceriana; Warton's Hist. of
Eng. Poet.; Biog. Dramat.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Brit.
Bibliog.; Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, i.
213, 312, n. Bp. Nicolson treats Higden with little respect,
and insists upon it that he stole his Polychronicon from
Roger Costrensis's Polycratica Temporum; but it has been
charitably surmised that they both stole (or borrowed) from
the same quarter. Their works are rather objects of curi-
osity than standards of an authoritative character.
Higden, Wm., pub. a Serm., &c., 1708, '11, a View of
the Eng. Constitution, 1700, '09, '16, &c., 8vo, and a De-
fence of the View, 1710, 8vo. The two last were answered
by Hilkiah Bedford, or, rather, by George Harbin: see p.
157 of this Dictionary.
Higford, William, 1580-1657. The Institution of a
Gentleman; in three Parts, Lon., 1660, 12mo, (1658, Svo?)}
See Athen. Oxon.; Cens. Literaria, ed. 1815, vi. 323–329
842
HIG
HIG
"I can scarcely refer to any volume in my possession of equal
curiosity with this; as it is an original work, and the earliest I
know in our language upon the character and amusements of an
English Gentleman."-J. HASLEWOOD.
Higgons, Theophilus, d. 1659, a divine of the Ch.
of Eng., joined the Roman Catholic Church, but subse-
quently returned to the Church of England. Theolog.
Higges, Joseph. Guide to Justices, Lon., 1736, '42, treatises and serms., 1609-21. See Bliss's Wood's Athen
'51, 12mo.
Oxon.
Higgeson. See HIGGINSON, FRANCIS.
Higgins, Bryan, M.D., Operator to the Society for
Philos. Experiments, &c., pub. Philos. Essays concerning
Light, 1776, 8vo, and treatises on chemical philosophy,
&c., 1780-1802.
Higgins, Francis. Serms., 1705, '06, '07.
Higgins, Godfrey, 1771-1833, of Skellow Grange,
near Doncaster, a magistrate for the West Riding of York-
shire, was the author of some political pamphlets, &c. and
the following works:-1. Hora Sabbaticæ. 2. The Celtic
Druids, 1827, 4to. See Lon. Gent. Mag., xcvii., ii. 151,
347. 3. Mohammed; or, the Illustrious, 1829, 8vo. This
was reviewed with much severity by Edward Upham,
author of The History of Buddhism. Mr. Upham says,
"I know it to be full of errors." (Gent. Mag., Jan. 1830,
pp. 9-14.) Mr. Higgins noticed Upham's letter in the next
No. of the Magazine, and Mr. Upham continued the sub-
Ject in the No. for March. 4. An Anacalypsis; an attempt
to draw aside the Veil of the Saitic Isis, or An Inquiry
into the Origin of Languages, Nations, and Religions,
1836, 2 vols. 4to. Posth. Privately printed. This work
had been announced by Rev. Joseph Hunter, in his History
of South Yorkshire, before Mr. Higgins's death.
"It occasionally happens that books written to display some
peculiarity of systein-or, as the wicked say, crotchet-of the au-
thor turn out to have a value of their own, from the very great
number of well indexed and well-referenced facts which they con-
tain. We remember being much struck by seeing among the
books of reference in the Museum Reading-room the Anacalypsis
of Never was there more
tion than in this attempt to lift the veil of Isis. But thousands
of statements, cited from all quarters, and very well indexed. ap-
parently brought the book into such demand as made it conve
Dient that it should be in the reading-room itself."-Lon. Athe-
næum, Aug. 2, 1856, p. 953: Review of John Wilson's Lost Solar
System of the Ancients Discovered.
Higgins, Jesse, of Delaware. A Method of Drain-
ing Ponds in Level Grounds; Trans. Amer. Soc., vol. iii.
p. 325.
Higgins, or Higins, John, an English schoolmaster
and divine temp. Elizabeth, pub. the Flosculi of Terence,
Holcot's Dictionaire, and other school-books, some contro-
versial tracts, and, in 1587, 4to, the 4th ed. of The Mirror
for Magistrates, with addits. of his own. The last-named
work, has already come under our notice: see BALDWIN,
WILLIAM; BLENER-HASSET, THOMAS; DORSET, THOMAS
SACKVILLE, EARL OF AND LORD BUCKHURST. Respecting
Higgins, see Athen. Oxon.; Brydges's Phillips's Theat.
Poet.; Cooper's Muses' Library, p. 142; Warton's Hist. of
Eng. Poet.
Higgins, Tobias. Serm., Lon., 1641, Svo.
Higgins, W. Mullinger, Lect. on Exper. Philos. at
Guy's Hospital. 1. The Mosaic and Mineral Geologies
illustrated and compared, 1833, Svo. 2. Handbook of
Natural Philos., 1837, 18mo. 3. Philos. of Sound and
Hist. of Music, 1838, fp. Svo. 4. Experimental Philoso-
pher, 1838, 16mo and 12mo. 5. Handbook of the Steam
Engine, 1842, 18mo. 6. Treatise on Algebra, 8vo. 7. Trea-
tise on Light and Optical Instruments, Svo. S. Book of
Geology, 1842, fp. Svo. 9. Entertaining Philosopher, Lon.,
1844, fp. Svo.
"A very comprehensive, useful, and instructive volume, in
which Mechanics, Pneumatics, Heat, Optics, Electricity, &c. are
clearly and pleasantly explained."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
10. The Earth its Physical Condition and Phenomena,
1847, '49, '55, 12mo and sq. 11. Researches in the Solar
System, 1852, 12mo. See Lon. Athenæum, 1852, pp.403-404.
Higgins, Wm., Prof. of Chemistry and Mineralogy
at the Repository of the Dublin Society. Chemical trea-
tises. 1789-1817.
Higgins, Wm. The American; a Nov., 1803, '04,
2 vols.
Higgons, Bevil, 1670-1735, younger son of Sir
Thomas Higgons, was educated at Oxford and Cambridge,
and subsequently entered the Middle Temple. He accom-
panied James II. into exile, and died in France. 1. The
Generous Conqueror; a Trag., 1702, 4to. 2. A Short View
of the English History, 1723, '33, Svo; Hague, 1727, Svo.
3. Hist. and Crit. Remarks on Bp. Burnet's Hist. of his
Own Times, 1725, '27, Svo. Nos. 2 and 3 were reprinted
in 1736, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Hist of the Life and Reign of
Mary, Queen of Scots, Dubl., 1753, Svo. Wood enume-
rates five poems by Higgons: see Athen. Oxon.; Nichols's
Poems.
1
Higgons, Sir Thomas, M.P., 1624-1691, a native
of Westbrugh, Shropshire, was educated at Oxford. Fu-
neral Oration on his first Lady, (the Countess of Essex,)
1656.
"As this pamphlet is extremely rare, I conclude that the copies
of it were, for certain reasons, industriously collected and de-
stroyed; though few pieces of this kind have less deserved to
J. GRANGER.
Other publications. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.;
Nichols's Poems.
of Salem, Massachusetts, educated at Emanuel College,
Higginson, Francis, d. 1630, aged 42, first minister
Cambridge, was for some time minister of a church of Lei-
cester, England, but, becoming a Non-conformist, was ex-
cluded from his pulpit. He lived but about fourteen months
after his arrival in America.
after his arrival in America. New England's Plantation,
or, a short and true Description of the Commodities and
Discommodities of the Country, Lon., 1630, 4to; 3d ed.,
with Letter of Mr. Graves, in same year. Mr. Higginson
left a MS. account of his voyage to America, which is pre-
served in Hutchinson's collection of papers. See Mag-
nalia; Collect. Mass. Hist. Soc., i. 117-124; vi. 231, 242–
244; ix. 23; Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.
Higginson, Francis, d. 1670? aged 54, son of the
preceding, went to Europe, studied at Leyden, and became
settled as a minister at Kirby-Steven, Westmoreland, Eng-
land. He wrote against the Quakers, and pub. also a
Latin theolog. treatise. See preceding article.
Higginson, John, 1616-1708, son of the first-named
Francis Higginson, was a native of England, and accom-
panied his father to America in 1629. He was pastor of
the church in Salem (formerly under charge of his father)
from 1660 to 1708, and at the time of his death had been
seventy-two years in the ministerial office. He pub. a
number of serms., theolog. treatises, &c., 1663–1708, and
a most eloquent attestation to Cotton Mather's Magnalia,
which is thus warmly commended by one of the most
learned students of American letters:
and incomparably the best writer, native or foreign, who lived in
"John Higginson was one of the great men of New England,
America during the first bundred years of her colonization. That
portion of his attestation to the Magnalia which treats of the exodus
of the Puritans has not been surpassed in strength and grandeur
in all the orations ever delivered at Plymouth Rock. those of
Webster and Everett not excepted."-DR. R. W. GRISWOLD.
See Magnalia; Collect. Mass. Hist. Soc., vi. 243, 244,
259-294, 271, 272; Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, i. 14.
Higgs, Griffin, or Griffith, 1589-1659, a native of
Oxfordshire, educated at St. John's College, Oxford, for
twelve years chaplain to the Queen of Bohemia, became
in 1638 Dean of Lichfield. 1. Problemata Theologica,
Leyden. 1630, 4to. 2. Miscellaneæ Theses Theologica,
1630. See Athen. Oxon.
?
Higgs, Joseph. Medical Essay. Lon., 1755, Svo.
Higham, John. Serms., Lon., 1652, 75.
Highley, Miss.
Galatea; a Pastoral Romance.
From the French of Florian, Lon., 1804, Svo.
Highmore, Anthony, Solicitor-at-Law, pub. several
treatises on law, Public Charities of London. &c. See
Watt's Bibl. Brit.; McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 335.
Highmore, Joseph, 1692-1780, an eminent painter,
a native of London, was a writer of considerable merit.
1. Crit. Exam. of two Pictures by Rubens, Lon., 1754, 4to.
2. Prac. of Perspective, 1763, 4to. 3. Observ. on Dodwell's
Christianity not founded on Argument, 1765. Anon. 4. Es-
says, Moral, Religious, and Miscellaneous, &c. See Lon.
Gent. Mag., vol. I.
Highmore, Nathaniel, M.D., 1613–1684, a native
of Hampshire, educated at Trinity College, Oxford. 1. Cor-
poris Humani Disquisitio Anatomica, Hague, 1651, fol.
2. Hist. of Generation, Lon., 1651, Svo and 12mo. 3. Ex-
ercitationes duæ: I. De Passione Hysterica; II. De Hy-
pochondriaca Affectione, Oxon., 1660, 12mo; Lon., 1670,
4to. This work was attacked by Dr. Willis, in reply to
whom Highmore pub. (4.) Epistola Responsoria ad T. Willis,
&c., 1670, 4to. 5. Medical Springs; Phil. Trans., 1670.
The cavity called the Antrum Highmorianum in the supe-
rior maxilla takes its name from our author.
Highmore, Nathaniel, M.D., LL.D., Prof. of Law,
Cambridge. Jus Ecclesiasticum Anglicum; or, the Govt.
of the Ch. of Eng. exemplified and illustrated, Lon., 1810,
4to. Dr. H. also pub. a few legal, political, and medical
tracts.
843
HIL
HIL
Hilarius, a poet who flourished about 1125, was the
author of three scriptural dramas and several minor poems,
an account of which will be found in Wright's Biog. Brit.
Lit., Anglo-Norman Period, 91-94. See also Duchesne's
ed. of the Works of Abelard; Hilarii Versus et Ludi. Lu-
tetiæ Parisiorum, 1838, 12mo, edited by M. Champollion-
Figeac.
Hilder, Thomas. Conjugal Counsel, Lon., 1653, Svo.
Hildersham, Arthur, 1563-1631, a Puritan divine,
a native of Cambridgeshire, educated at Christ's College,
Cambridge, Fellow of Trinity Hall, 1586, presented by the
Earl of Huntingdon in 1593 to the living of Ashby-de-la-
Zouch, in Leicestershire, which he retained until his death.
Through his great-uncle, Cardinal Pole, Mr. Hildersham
was descended from the royal family of England; but what
is more to the purpose is that he was a man of profound
learning, devoted piety, and unwearied zeal in the propa-
gation of religious truth. 1. CVIII. Lects. upon the IV.
of St. John, Lon., 1629, fol. ; 2d ed., much enlarged, 1632,
fol. 1647, fol.; 1656, fol.
"Discover the author to be a sound divine, an admirable text-
uary, a profoundly-experienced Christian, and an excellent teacher.
These discourses are inore concise and finished than those on the
fifty-first Psalm."-Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
"A feeble apology for the worst parts of the American banking
system.”—McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.. 187.
3. Life of General Wm. Henry Harrison, 1839, 18mo.
As editor of the Boston Atlas, Mr. H. contributed largely
to the nomination of General Harrison for the Presidency
of the U. States. 4. Bentham's Theory of Legislation;
5. Des-
from the French of Dumont, 1840, 2 vols. 16mo.
potism in America: an Inquiry into the Nature, Results,
and Legal Basis of the Slave-holding System of the
United States, 1840; enlarged ed., 1854. We give the
title of the last ed. This work is to be followed by a
sequel: see Lon. Athenæum, 1854, p. 1089. 6. Theory of
Morals, 1844, 12mo. 7. Hist. of the United States of
America: I. From the Discovery of the Continent to the Or-
ganization of Government under the Federal Constitution,
1497-1787, 3 vols. Svo, 1849. Revised ed.. 1854, 3 vols.
Svo. II. From the Adoption of the Federal Constitution
to the end of the 16th Congress, 178S-1821, 3 vols. 8vo,
1852. Revised ed., 1855, 3 vols. Svo.
In the advertisement prefixed to the first vol. of his
history, Mr. Hildreth gives his reader to understand that
he may expect to find a plain story told in a plain way:
6.
"Of centennial sermons and Fourth-of-July orations, whether
professedly such or in the guise of history, there are more than
enough. It is due to our fathers and ourselves, it is due to truth.
and philosophy, to present for once, on the historic stage, the
Hildesley, Mark, D.D., 1698-1772, educated at, and founders of our American nation unbedaubed with patriotic rouge,
Fellow of, Trin. Coll., Camb.; Vicar of Hitchin, Hertford-wrapped up in no fine spun cloaks of excuses and apology, without
shire, 1731; Rector of Holwell, Bedford, 1735; Bishop of stilts, buskins, tinsel. or bedizenment. in their own proper per
sons, often rude, hard. narrow, superstitious, and mistaken, but
Sodor and Man, 1755. He was also Master of Sherburn always earnest, downright, manly, and sincere. The result of
Hospital, and Preb. of Lincoln. Bishop Hildesley was their labours is eulogy enough: their best apology is to tell their
descended from the royal family of England in the same story exactly as it was."
line with Rev. Arthur Hildersham, and, like him, was noted
It was under his auspices that the
for his piety and zeal. It was under his auspices that the
translation of the Holy Scriptures into the Manks lan-
guage, begun by his predecessor, Bishop Wilson, was car-
ried to completion. He also pub. the Book of Common
Prayer and other works in the same language. As an
author, he gave nothing to the world, save a small tract,
pub. anonymously, entitled Plain Instructions for Young
Persons in the Principles of the Christian Religion, in
two Parts, 1762-67. See the Memoirs of Bishop Hildes-
ley, by Rev. Weeden Butler, Sr., 1799, Svo.
Hildeyard, John. Funeral Serin., Lon., 1683, 4to.
Hilditch, Ann. Rosa de Mont Morien; a Nov.,
1789, 2 vols.
Very spiritual, full, and evangelical."-Bickersteth's C. S.
2. Lects. upon Psalm xxxiv., 1632, fol. 3. Serms., 1633,
4to. 4. CLII. Lects. upon Psalm li., 1635, fol.; 1642, fol.;
(1644, fol. ?)
"A rich mine of practical divinity."-DR. E. WILLIAMS.
5. Paraphrase upon the Canticles of Solomon, 1672, Svo.
Posth. Extracted from the author's MS. Paraphrase of
the whole Bible. 6. Treatise on the Lord's Supper.
7. Treatise of the Ministry of the Ch. of Eng., with an
Answer to it by Fr. Johnson, 4to. See Goadby's Memoirs
of Hildersham, Bingham, 1819, 8vo; Clark's Lives; Neal's
Puritans; Nichols's Leicestershire. Dr. Williams valued
Hildersham's Expositions of Psalm li. and St. John iv. so
highly that he declares "he cannot be sufficiently com-
mended," and thinks it ample praise of Samuel Shaw to
admit that
..
"He seems to have caught the mantle of Mr. Arthur IIilder-
sham, who had resided before him at the same place, Ashby-de-la-
Zouch."-Christian Preacher.
"A great and shining light of the Puritan party, and celebrated
for his singular learning and piety.”—EChard.
(tri-weekly papers devoted to the support of the polley of
the British Government in the abolition of slavery,) and
edited, with an historical introduction, a compilation of
the colonial laws of British Guiana. In addition to the
works about to be noticed,-no inconsiderable evidence
of great literary activity,-Mr. Hildreth has given to the
world a number of pamphlets and miscellaneous articles
in magazines and reviews, and edited several educational
manuals and daily journals. He devotes his leisure mo-
ments to a continuation of his principal work,-the History
of the United States,-which he designs to bring down (in
two or more vols.) to the end of the administration of
President Pierce.
|
1. The Slave; or, Memoir of Archy Moore, 1836, 2 vois.
12mo. New ed., with a continuation, under the title of
The White Slave; or, Memoirs of a Fugitive, 1852, 12mo.
2. Banks, Banking, and Paper Currencies, 1837, 12mo;
enlarged ed., 1840, 12mo.
Hildreth, Ezekiel, 1785-1856, b. in Westford, Mass.,
grad. at Harvard Coll. 1814, and was a teacher in Ohio
for 42 years. Author of (1) Logopolis; or, City of Words.
2. Key to Knowledge. 3. Essay on the Mortality of the
Soul. 4. Address on Education, &c.
Hildreth, Hosea, 1782-1835, a native of Chelms-
ford, Mass., graduated at Harvard College, 1803, was for
some time Professor of Mathematics at Phillips Academy,
Exeter, and for eight years pastor of the First Church in
Gloucester, Mass. He pub. several serms., &c.
Hildreth, Richard, b. June 28, 1807, at Deerfield,
Massachusetts, son of the preceding, graduated at Harvard
College in 1826, was admitted to the Suffolk county (Boston)
Bar in 1830, and commenced the practice of the law in
Newburyport, in his native State. From July, 1832, to
October, 1834, Mr. Hildreth was co-editor of the Boston
Atlas, a daily newspaper, (of which he was also a joint
founder,) and again co-editor and Washington corre-
spondent, May, 1836, to November, 1839. From October,
1834, to March, 1836, he resided in Florida, with a view
to the improvement of his health, and, with the same ob-edly possesses.”—p. 551, ubi supra.
ject, resided from September, 1846, to September, 1847, in
Demarara. During his abode in the latter place he edited
successively The Guinna Chronicle and The Royal Gazette,
1
If a plain and well-written narrative of public events, mostly
them, or to deduce from them broader lessons of experience, is all
in the order of their occurrence, without any attempt to generalizo
that constitutes a good history, then Mr. Hildreth's work deserves
its name, and has fair claims to respectful notice. It is easy to
see. however, that this is not all, and that history written on such
a plan must needs be imperfect and unsatisfactory.... Nothing
honourable to the memory of the first settlers of New England;
can be more cold and naked than his recital of any facts which are
if they do not occupy a very prominent place on the common
record he forgets to mention them at all. When they are forced
upon his notice he dismisses them as rapidly as possible. He has
not a word of praise for their conscientiousness, their heroism, or
their self-denial; though the first alone caused them to emigrate,
so that it was the seminal principle of the New England colonies,
while the second and third sustained their settlements through
many years of danger and privation."-FRANCIS BOWEN: N. Amer.
Rev., 1xxiii. 411-447: review of vols. i.-iv.
"The author's style is bald and meagre in the extreme; and
never once does he rise into any thing like fervour or exhibit the
slightest capability of the graphic and picturesque. But the story
is conscientiously-and, as far as details go, thoroughly-told....
The spirit in which the story is told is also remarkably fair. Tho
Puritans often rude, hard, narrow, superstitious, and mistaken,
manly, and sincere-are treated with evident respect and liking;
as Mr. Hildreth thinks them, but always earnest, downright,
and only now and then, when in duty bound as a modern and an
American, as for example, in behalf of representative freedom,
religious toleration, and such matters,-does the author put in
any protest of his own."-Lon. Athenæum, 1850, pp. 13-15: review
-
of vols. i.-iii.
Nov. 15, 1851, pp. 1191-1193; and vol. vi. in the No. for
Vols. iv. and v. are reviewed in the same periodical for
May 7, 1853. The reviewer, referring to the probability
he will attend to the hints which he has given him, and
of Mr. Hildreth's continuation of his History, trusts that
he will attend to the hints which he has given him, and
dismisses the subject with the assurance
ably than we have been able conscientiously to do of the writings
"It would be agreeable to have occasion to speak more favour-
of a man of such industry and talent as Mr. Hildreth undoubt-
..
In this instance we encounter the muse of American history
descended from her stump. and recounting her narrative in a key
adapted to our own ears. For the first time, we believe, we have
here the story of the founders of our New England colonies re
841
HIL
HIL
:
corded in an ample and explicit manner, with a consistent care to
exclude errors and exaggerations.... Animated by this spirit,
Mr. Hildreth has availed himself, though hardly to the utmost,
of his peculiar resources.”—The Fathers of Nevi England: Ekin.
Rev., Oct. 1855.
"We are confident that, when the merits of this history come to
be known and appreciated. it will be extensively regarded as de
cidedly superior to any thing that before existed on American
history, and as a valuable contribution to American authorship."
-Bibliotheca Sucra.
"Mr. Hildreth is a bold and copious writer. His work is valuable
for the immense amount of material it embodies."-De Bow's Re-
vicus of the Southern States.
La
The special merit of his work consists in the absence of what
ever can possibly be deemed either irrelevant or ostentatious.”-
H. T. TUCKERMAN: Sketch of Amer. Lil.
"His work fills a want, and is therefore most welcome. Its
positive merits, in addition to those we have before mentioned,graphy, 3d ed., 1846, fp. 8vo.
are impartiality, steadiness of view, clear appreciation of character,
and, in point of style, a terseness and conciseness not unlike
Tacitus; with not a little, too. of Tacitean vigour of thought,
steru sense of justice, sharp irony, and profound wisdom."-
Methodist Quar. Rev.
"In this new work we notice the same calm and equal march
of reason as in the History of America. Mr. Hildreth is never
startling, never brilliant. His thought is like his style; solid.
level, monotonous. It neither warms by its vividuess nor startles
by its boldness. It is pre-eminently respectable. As to ideas,
there is little in this volume that can be called new. Mr. Hildreth
is a republican, with a tendency, the full strength of which he
unconsciously disguises from himself, towards Socialism.”—Lon.
Athenæum, 1853, p. 1354.
9. Japan as it Was and Is, 1855, 12mo.
"Mr. Hildreth has, with diligence and spirit, given a digested
history of the empire.—so far as is made known by different tra-
vellers and many native works,-and a very careful sketch of all
the leading European works on Japan to the present time. His
book is a valuable compendium of the knowledge the European
world bad of the country before Captain Perry's expedition, and
he bas investigated with great care some of the most curious ques-
tions of its history, literature, and manners.”—N. Amer. Rev., July,
1856: Art. on The American Expedition to Jʊpun, J. v.
And see HAWKS, FRANCIS LISTER, D.D., LL.D., No. 9,
in this Dictionary.
"Mr. Hildreth's is a compilation, somewhat roughly executed,
from the successive accounts of Japan by European and American
writers. It is scarcely in any sense original, nor is it very sys
tematic; but it may find acceptance as a manual of information
on a subject of rising influence to both worlds. ... Mr. Hildreth's
historical sketch, though always readable, is disconnected and
incomplete."-Lon. Athenæum. 1856, pp. 835-$36.
See also Lon. Literary Gazette; Lon. Atlas; Christian
Register; N. York Church Review; N. York Home Jour-
nal; Oakley's ed. of Kent's Course of English Reading;
Living Age, xxiii. 365-366; xxix. 111-115; xxxi. 134-4,
136; Revue des Deux Mondes, April 1, 1856; Edin. Rev.,
Oct. 1855. 8. Theory of Politics: an Inquiry into the
Foundation of Governments and the Cause and Progress
of Political Revolutions, 1853, 12mo.
10. Atrocious Judges: Lives of Judges Infamous as Tools
of Tyrants and Instruments of Oppression, 1856, 12mo.
This is a selection from Lord Campbell's Lives of the
Chief-Justices and Lives of the Chancellors, with an Appen.
We hope at no distant day to welcome the remaining
volumes of Mr. Hildreth's History of the United States;
for, whatever faults the critic may discover in the bisto-
rian's style, of the value of his elaborate array of facts
there can be no question. If, as alleged, the faithful
chronicler lack that philosophical insight which is requi-
site to give their proper value to the fruits of laborious
researches, yet he has undoubtedly facilitated the execu-
tion of the duties of those who succeed him :-for, if
"Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas” be a true
saying, it is as little to be denied that "Rerum ipsarum
e gnitio vera, e rebus ipsus est."
Hildreth, Samuel Prescott, M.D., b. Sept. 30,
1783, at Methuen, Mass., settled in Ohio, 1806. His most
important works are―1. Pioneer Hist. of the Ohio Valley,
Cin., 1848, pp. 525. 2. Biographical and Historical Me-
moirs of the early Pioneer Settlers of Ohio, &c., 1852,
Svo, pp. 539. For upwards of forty years Dr. Hildreth
has been a constant contributor to various scientific and
medical journals throughout the United States.
Hildreth, W. The Niliad; an Epic Poem in honour
of Nelson's Victory, 1st of August, 1798.
Hildyard, Francis, of the Inner Temple, Barrister-
at-Law. 1. Treatise on the Principles of the Law of Ma-
rine Insurances, Lon., 1845, Svo; Harrisburg, 1847, 8vo.
The style is clear, correct, and concise, and the law is brought
down to the present day with remarkable accuracy and fulness."
—Penna. Law Jour.
Hildrop, John, D.D., d. 1756, aged 31, Rector of
Wath, near Rippon, Yorkshire, pub. a number of serms.,
theolog. treatises, &c, 1711-52. His Miscellaneous Works
appeared in 1754, 2 vols. 12mo. The style of some of his
pieces so strongly resembles Swift that they were ascribed
to the latter.
2. Eighth ed. of J. A. Park's System of Marine Insu-
rance, with addits., 1842, 2 vols. Svo.
Hildyard, Rev. Wm.
Manual of Ancient Geo.
"The reader may derive much pleasure and information from
the perusal of this author's Free Thoughts upon the Brute Crea-
tion."-REV. H. J. TODD.
Se Lar at. Mag., 1834, Pt. 2, 114.
Hiley, Richard, has pub. a number of useful edu-
cational works, 1846-54, &c. See Lon. Educat. Times.
Hill. Nundina Sturbrigiensis, anno 1702, Lon., 1709,
8vo.
Hill, a clergyman who exchanged the Ch. of Eng. for
that of Rome, wrote two theolog. treatises, pub. 1600-77.
Hill, Miss. Novels, Lon., 1809-13.
Hill, Aaron, 1685-1750, an English poet, dramatist,
and miscellaneous writer, a native of London, is better
known to the present age from his quarrels with Pope
he pub.-1. A History of the Ottoman Empire, 1709, fol.
than by his literary compositions. Among other works,
2. Elfrid; a Trag., 1709. 3. Camillus; a Poem, 1709.
5. Essays on Beech Oil, 1714-15, 8vo. 6. Essays on
Coals and Grape-Wines, 1718, 8vo. 7. King Henry the
Fifth ; a Trag., 1723, 8vo.
Fifth a Trag., 1723, 8vo. S. The Northern Star; a Poem,
1725, Svo. 9. Advice to the Poets, 1731, 4to. 10. The
Impartial; a Poem. 11. The Progress of Wit; a Caveat
for the use of an Eminent Writer, (a satire upon Pope,
who had introduced Hill, rather in a complimentary man-
ner, in the Dunciad.) 12. Merope; a Trag. from Voltaire,
with alterations, 1749, 8vo. His Miscellaneous Works-
a collection of his best pieces-were pub. in 1753, 4 vols.
Svo; and his Dramatic Works, (seventeen in all,) with his
Life, appeared in 1759, 2 vols. Svo. See Biog. Brit., Supp.,
vol. vii. Biog. Dramat.; Cibber's Lives; Johnson's and
Pope's Works; Davies's Life of Garrick; Richardson's
Corresp.; Ruffhead's Life of Pope; Disraeli's Quarrels of
Authors.
We should not omit to state that our poet was-as the
title of some of his works indicate-a dabbler in political
economy and an extensive projector, and, like many
other projectors of ancient times and our own days, dis-
played more enterprise than judgment.
The acuteness of his critical abilities may be estimated
from his verdict on Pope's poetry. He gravely assures us
that the popularity of the author of the Rape of the Lock
“Arose from meditated little personal assiduities, and a certain
bladdery swell of management.”
And he then gives utterance to this sagacious vaticina-
tion:
"But rest his memory in peace! It will very rarely be disturbed
by that time he himself is in ashes."-Letter to Richardson, in
Kichardson's Correspondence.
But posterity have ventured to differ with Mr. Hill.
Pope certainly was not wont to display much of a spirit
of meekness in bis literary controversies; but in his mis-
understanding with Hill the latter appears the least
amiable. His general character, however, was exemplary,
and his manners mild and conciliating; but it is danger-
ous to tempt the amour-propre of an author, however his
suaviter in modo may prevail in the family circle and
social reunion.
Pope's poetical offence was comprised in the following
lines from the Dunciad, and they have been truly consi-
dered quite as complimentary as the reverse. Our author
is introduced as one of the competitors for the prize of
Dulness:
"Then Hill essay'd: scarce vanished out of sight,
le buoys up instant, and returns to light;
Ile bears no token of the sable streams,
And mounts far off, among the swans of Thames."
The satire here is indeed very slight; but, slight as it
was, it was sufficient to disturb the equanimity of Master
Hill.
Hill, Abraham, 1632-1721, a learned man, a mem-
ber of the Board of Trade, and Fellow and Treasurer of
the Royal Society. Familiar Letters which passed be-
tween him and several eminent and ingenious persons of
the last century, Lon., 1767, Svo. See his Life prefixed
to the Familiar Letters.
Hill, Adam, D.D. Serms., &c., Lon., 15SS, '92, '93.
Hill, Alexander. The Practice in the several Judi-
catories of the Ch. of Scot., Edin., 1830, 12mo.
Hill, Mrs. Anne, formerly of Baltimore, but more
recently connected with the School of Design at Phila-
delphia, perished in the conflagration of the steamboat
Henry Clay on the Hudson River, July 28, 1852. 1. Draw-
ing-Book of Flowers and Fruit, with col'd Illustrations,
S45
HIL
HIL
Phila., 4to. 2. Progressive Lessons in the Painting of entit. The Growth of Deism in England, Lon., 1696, 4to
Flowers and Fruit: a series of six sheets.
Anon.
Hill, Anthony. Serms., 1702, both 4to.
Hill, Arthur. See HALL.
Hill, Brian, d. 1831, aged 75, Chaplain to the Earl
of Leven and Melville, was brother of the celebrated
Rowland Hill, (vide post.) 1. Serm., Lon., 1780, Svo.
2. Henry and Acasto; a Moral Poetical Tale, 1786, 12mo;
4th ed., 1798, 8vo. 3. Journey through Sicily and Calabria
in 1791, 8vo; 1792. 4. Fuul. Serm., 1803, 8vo. 5. XXIV.
Serms., Shrewsb., 1822, 8vo. 6. Serm., Lon., 1826. See
Lon. Gent. Mag., Aug. 1831.
Hill, Major D. H., Professor of Mathematics in
Davidson College, North Carolina. 1. Algebra, Phila.,
12mo. 2. A Consideration of the Sermon on the Mount,
1858, 12mo.
Hill, Daniel, M.D. 1. Use of Oxygen in Diseases,
&c.. Lon., 1800, 4to. 2. Oxygen, &c.; Trans. Hortic. Soc.,
1815.
Hill, James. Medical treatises, 1772-76.
Hill, James, of the Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law.
A Practical Treatise on the Law relating to Trustees,
Lon., 1845, r. Svo. Amer. ed., with American Notes and
References by Francis J. Troubat, of the Phila. Bar, Phila.,
1846, Svo; 2d Amer. ed., with addit. notes, referring to
American Cases, by Henry Wharton, of the Phila. Bar,
1854, Svo. This excellent work furnished the basis of
sent State and Prospects, both at Home and Abroad, various parts of Mr. Spencer's unfinished work on Equity
Lon., 2 vols. 12mo.
Hill, Frederick.
1. National Education: its Pre-
Jurisprudence.
•
These volumes merit the attention of all who feel an interest
in the subject. Mr. Hill discusses the principles of a national
system with ability.”—Lon. Athen.
"On examination of the sheets, it appears that the work has
been enlarged by nearly one-half in bulk by the new matter of
2. Crime: its Amount, Causes, and Remedies, 1853,
8vo.
this edition; and that the table of cases shows an addition of
more than three thousand decisions in England and the United
States. The authorities, we believe, have been brought down tc
the latest moment."-Amer. Law Register, Dec. 1853.
Hill, John, Rector of St. Mabyn, Cornwall. Four
occas. serms., 1610, '14, 'SO, '93.
Hill, Elizabeth. Sequel to the Poetical Monitor,
Lon.. 1811, 12mo.
Hill, G. D., Assistant Curate of Hanover Chapel,
Regent Street, London. 1. Practical Serms., Lon., 1844,
12mo. 2. Serms. on the Ten Commandments, 1845, 12mo.
3. Scenes in 1792; a Tale of the Revolution, 1848, fp. Svo.
4. Short Serms. on the Lord's Prayer, 1854, 12mo.
Hill, George, D.D., 1750-1819, a divine of the Kirk
of Scotland, and Principal of St. Mary's College, St. An-
drews, was a native of that city. He succeeded Dr. Ro-
bertson as the leader of the General Assembly, and
"He was long one of the chief ornaments of the Church of
Scotland, and was distinguished for his manly and impressive
eloquence, both in the pulpit and the general assembly.Annual
Biography, vol. v., Lon., 1821, q. v.
And see Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Emi-
nent Scotsmen; Lord Cockburn's Memorials of his Time,
1856; Geo. Cook's Life of Dr. Hill. He pub. a number
of occasional serms., and the following vols. :-1. Serms.,
Lon., 1796, Svo. 2. Theological Institutes, Edin., 1803,
8vo. Reviewed in British Critic, vol. xxiii. 3. Lects.
upon Portions of the Old Test., Lon., 1812, Svo. 4. A
View of The Constitution of the Ch. of Scot., Edin., 1817,
8vo. 5. The Pastoral Office. 6. Lects. in Divinity, 1821,
3 vols. 8vo; 5th ed., 1849, Svo.
"Professor Hill's lectures are admirable, and have been admitted
to the first place among our systematic expositions of revealed
truth."-Congreg. Mag.
4.
These lectures embrace the evidences, doctrines, duties, and
institutions of Christianity. They are drawn up with great care
and ability.... The author's tenets were in accordance with the
Westminster Confession of Faith."-Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
“Dr. Hill of St. Andrews had the faculty beyond most men of
comprehensive and luminous arrangement. We shall have occa-
sion at a posterior stage of our course to avail ourselves of the
important service which he has rendered to theology. . . . I am not
sure if I can recommend a more complete manual of divinity than
the one I have now adverted to....I know of no treatise which
professes to exhibit the whole range of theological doctrine, and
does it in more of a lucidus ordo than the one that we have fixed
upon. .”—DR. CHALMERS: Posth. Works, vol. ix. p. xviii., 125; Pre-
lections on Hill's Lectures.
|
Hill, Henry. I., VI., XI., and XII. Books of Euclid,
1726-36, 4to.
Hill, Henry David, D.D., Prof. of Greek in the
Univ. of St. Andrew's. 1. Essays on the Private Manners
and Domestic Institutions of the Romans, 12mo. 2. Es-
says on the Institutions, Government, and Manners of the
States of Ancient Greece, 12mo. Reviewed in Lon. Quar.
Rev., xxii. 163--203.
Abstract of a New
Hill, Ira, an American writer.
Theory of a Formation of the Earth, Balt., 1823, 12mo.
“Absurd as it is on some accounts, however, it is on others an
essay of singular merit."—American Writers, No. 4: Blackwood's
Mag.. xvii. 57: and see vol. xvi. 420.
Hill, George Nesse. Medical treatises, 1800-14.
Hill, Herry, D.D. Dialogue concerning a Pamphlet
Lon., 1698, 1702, 12mo. 2. Arithmetic, 1716, 8vo. By
Hill, John. 1. The Exact Dealer, for all Trades,
Hatton, 1733, Svo.
London, a native of Hitchin. Serms. on several occasions,
Hill, John, 1711-1746, an Independent minister of
Lon., 1749, '64, '95, 1817, Svo. Nine or more eds. have
Faith's Estimate of Afflictive Dispensations, have been
appeared. The five serms. on 2 Kings iv. 26, entitled
pub. separately ("It is well," &c.) by the London Reli-
gious Tract Society, 1853, 32mo. Hill's discourses are
highly valued.
steth's C. S.
"Some admirable sermons, especially on affliction."-Bicker-
and
Hill, Sir John, M.D., 1716-1775, originally an apo-
thecary, the son of Rev. Theophilus Hill, of Peterborough
or Spalding, resided in London, and wrote many books on
medicine, botany, natural philosophy, natural history,
a number of dramas, novels, &c. A detailed account of
these many publications would be of but small interest to
the modern reader, who knows but little of Sir John save
the Royal Society, and with Garrick.
his name, and this principally through his quarrels with
remarkable versatility of talent, but his moral character
He was a man of
cannot be commended. Among his publications are-
1. Orpheus; an Opera, 1740. 2. Theophrastus's Hist. of
Stones; froin the Greek, with Notes, 1746, '74, Svo. 3. A
Dissert. on Royal Societies. 4. Review of the Works of
the Royal Society of London, Lon., 1751, 8vo, 4to:
In which, by the most unfair quotations, mutilations, and
misrepresentations, numbers of the papers read in that illustrious
assembly, and published under the title of the Philosophical
Transactions, are endeavoured to be rendered ridiculous."-Life
of Hill: Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
5. Essays on Natural History and Philosophy, 1752,
8vo. Considered the best of his writings. 6. A General
Natural History, 1748-52, 3 vols. fol. 7. Urania; or, a
Complete View of the Heavens, 1754, Svo. S. The Critical
Minute; a Farce, 1754. 9. The Route; a Farce, 1751.
10. The Gardener's New Kalendar, 1757, '58, Svo. 11.
Eden; or, a Complete Body of Gardening, 1757, fol.
12. The Sleep of Plants, 1757, '62, 12mo. 13. Naval Hist.
of Great Britain, compiled from the papers of the late
Capt. Geo. Berkeley, 1757, fol. 14. British Herbal, 1758,
fol. 15. Construction of Nerves, 1758, Svo. 16. An Idea
of a Botanical Garden in England, 1758, 8vo. 17. Exotic
Botany, 1759, fol. 18. The Vegetable System, 1759-76,
26 vols. fol. Contains 1600 engravings. Pub. at 38
guineas, plain; 160 guineas, coloured. Pub. under the
patronage of the Earl of Bute. Hill presented a copy to
the King of Sweden, who invested him with the order of
the Polar Star, or Vasa. Henceforth he assumed the title
of Sir John. 19. Flora Britannica, 1760, Svo. 20. Family
Practice of Physic, 1769, 8vo. 21. Hist. of Mr. Lovell;
a Novel. This is a pretended autobiography. 22. Ad-
ventures of a Creole. 23. The Life of Lady Frail; a Novel.
He was also joint-editor (with George Lewis Scott) of a
Supplement to Chambers's Dictionary, and was connected
Hill, George, an American poet, b. 1796, at Guil-
ford, Conn., graduated at Yale College in 1816, and, after
a term of public service under the United States Govern-
ment, entered the navy in 1827 as a teacher of mathe-
matics. He was subsequently Librarian of the Depart-
ment of State at Washington, and United States Consul
for the southern portion of Asia Minor. He is now at-
tached to one of the Bureaus of the Department of State
at Washington. Mr. Hill pub. anonymously, in 1834, The
Ruins of Athens, with other Poems; and a second edit., |
entitled The Ruins of Athens, Titania's Banquet, a Masque,
and other Poems, appeared in 1839, 8vo, with the author's
name. See Everest's Poets of Connecticut; Griswold's
Poets and Poetry of America.
Hill, George Canning, b. 1825, in Norwich, Conn.
The New American Biographical Series for Youth; contain-
ing the Lives of Capt. John Smith, Gen. Israel Putnam,
Benedict Arnold, Daniel Boone, &c., Boston, 1858, 4 vols.
16mo.
1
846
HIL
HIL
with the British Magazine, The Inspector, &c. See Short
Account of the Life, Writings, and Character of the late
Sir John Hill, Edin., 1779, 8vo; Biog. Dramat.; Gent.
Mag.; Davies's Life of Garrick; Dilly's Repository; Dis-
raeli's Quarrels of Authors; Boswell's Life of Johnson;
Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
"As to his literary character, and the rank of merit in which
his writings ought to stand. Hill's greatest enemies could not
deny that he was master of considerable abilities and an amazing
quickness of parts,... A large volume might be written on the
life and adventures of this extraordinary man. as affording a com-
plete history of literary quackery, every branch of which he pur-
sued with a greater contempt for character than perhaps any man
in our time."-Life of Hill, in Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
"Dr. Hill was a very curious observer; aud. If he would have
been contented to tell the world no more than he knew, he might
have been a very considerable man, and needed not to have re-
course to such mean expedients to raise his reputation."-DR.
JOHNSON: Conversation with George III.: see Boswell.
Hill, Hon. Lady John, wife of Sir John Hill. Her
Address to the Public, setting forth the Consequences of
the late Sir John Hill's Acquaintance with the Earl of
Bute, Lon., 1788, 4to.
Hill, John. Lects. and Reflections on Divinity, Law,
Philos., &c., and a Poem, Lon., 1792, 8vo.
Hill, John, M.D., d. 1807, aged 47. The Means of
Reforming the Morals of the Poor by Preventing Poverty,
1801, Svo.
Hill, John, LL.D., Prof. of the Humanities in the Univ.
of Edin. 1. Synonymes of the Latin Language, &c.,
Edin., 1804, 4to.
"An elaborate work."-TYTLER.
"The variety of curious and important information which this
contains must render it a valuable acquisition to every lover of
ancient learning."-Lom. Literary Journal.
I
:
2. Vocabulary, 1804, 12mo. An Introduction to the
Study of Latin Synonymes. 3. Life of Hugh Blair, 1807,
8vo. 4. Hist. and phil. con. to Trans. Edin. Soc., 1788, '94.
Hill, John. 1. Reflections rel. to the Proceedings,
&c. respecting R. Catholics, 1807, Svo. 2. High Prices of
Gold Bullion, 1810, 8vo.
!
Hill, Nicholas, Jr. New York Reports, 1841-44,
Albany and N. York, 1842-45, 7 vols. 8vo. Continuation
of Johnson, Cowen, and Wendell.
Hill, Noah, 1739-1815, Pastor of the Meeting-House,
Old Gravel Lane, London, (Independent,) for thirty-seven
years from 1771. Serms., with a Pref., and a Serm. on his
Death, by J. Hooper, Lon., 1822, Svc. Commended by
Lon. Congreg. Mag.
Hill, Oliver. 1. Fifth Essay against the Circ. of the
Blood, Lon., 1700, Svo. 2. A Rod for the Back of Fools,
1702, Svo.
:
Hill, Joseph, 1625-1707, minister of the English
church at Middleburg, in Zealand, and subsequently pastor
of the English church at Rotterdam. 1. Defence of the
Zealander's Choice. 2. An ed. of Schrevelius's Lexicon,
1676. Often reprinted. He added 8000 words and cor-
rected many errors. 3. On the Antiq. of Temples, 1696, 4to.
Hill, N. Serms.. 1773, '79, '95.
Hill, Nathaniel. The Ancient Poem of Guillaume.
de Guileville, entitled Le Pèlerinage de l'Homme, compared
with the Pilgrim's Progress of John Bunyan. Edited from
Notes collected by the late Mr. Nathaniel Hill, of the Roy
Soc. of Lit., Lon., 1858. See Lon. Athen., 1858, Pt. 2, 261.
Hill, Nicholas. Philosophia Epicurea Democratiana
Theophrastica, Par., 1601, Svo; Gen., 1619, 12mo; Col. All.,
1619. Svo.
Hill, R. The Gospel-Shop; a Comedy, Lon., 1778, Svo.
Hill, R., Pastor, Gettysburg, Penna. Discourse at the
laying of the corner stone of Gateway and Lodges of
Evergreen Cemetery, Gettysburg, 1855, pp. 12.
Hill, Richard, Envoy to the Court of Savoy in the
Reign of Queen Anne. His Diplomatic Correspondence,
His Diplomatic Correspondence,
Lon., 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. Edited by W. Blackley. This
work contains curious particulars relating to the Vaudois,
the wars in the Cevennes, the Spanish Succession, with
letters of foreigners and translations of them.
"A supplement to the Marlborough Despatches, and a needful
explanation of them."-Lon. Examiner.
doctrines of the Calvinist Methodists, and sometimes
preached in their chapels. IIe pub. several theolog. trea-
tises, 1775-1805, of which the best-known is An Apology
for Brotherly Love, and for the Doctrines of the Church
of England, Lon., 1798, 8vo. This is an answer to Dau-
beny's Guide to the Church. In 1800 he pub. Daubenism
Confuted, &c., 8vo. See Rev. Edwin Sidney's Life of Sir
Richard Hill, 1839, Svo.
"A better man than Sir Richard Hill I do not know within the
circle of human nature."-LORD KENYON.
"Sir Richard's life was a pattern of modesty, piety, and good-
ness."-Lord Erskine.
"He was of a large and great soul. comprehensive of the inte
rests of God, the world, the church, his country, his friends, (with
a peculiar concernedness,) of the souls of men, ready to his utter
most to serve them all: made up of compassion towards the dis
tressed. of delight in the good, and general benignity towards all
men."―llowe.
Hill, Sir Richard, 1733–180S, M.P. for Salop, a son
of Sir Rowland Hill, Bart., a brother of the celebrated
preacher, Rowland Hill, and uncle of General Lord Hill,
Commander-in-chief R.N., was much attached to the
See Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., vii. 58.
Hill, Robert, D.D. Theolog. treatises, 1592. 1617.
Hill, Robert. Six Serms., 1728-30, 2 vols. 8vo.
Hill, Robert, 1699-1777, a self-taught tailor and
staymaker, a native of Hertfordshire, remarkable for his
knowledge of languages. 1. Remarks on Berkeley's Essay
on Spirit. 2. The Character of a Jew. 3. Criticismns on
Job. The Rev. Joseph Spence took a lively interest in
Hill, and promoted a subscription for his benefit by pub-
lishing a Parallel, in the manner of Plutarch, between a
most celebrated Man of Florence (Sig. Maglia becchi) and
one scarcely known in England, (Robert Hill,) Strawberry
Hill, 1758. To this vol. we must refer the reader who
desires to know more of the learned tailor.
Hill, Rev. Pascoe Grenfell, Chaplain of H. M. S.
Cleopatra. 1. Voyage to the Slave Coast of Afrien, Lon., 1
1849, 12mo. 2. Fifty Days on Board a Slave Vessel in
the Mozambique Channel, 1844, 49, fp. Svo; 1853, 12mo.
We shall be rejoiced if the publicity given to this little but
Intelligent work by our means assist in drawing the attention of
the influential classes to the subject.”—Blackwood's Mag.
·
Hill, Robert. Sketches in Flanders and Holland,
Lon., 1816, 4to, £5 58. A valuable aid when reading the
account of the Battle of Waterloo, as it contains engrav-
ings of the principal points of the field.
attached to the doctrines of the Calvinist Methodists, a
Hill, Rowland, 1744-1833, an eminent preacher
brother of Sir Richard Hill, (ante,) was educated at St.
John's College, Cambridge, and ordained deacon in the
See
Church of England. In 1783 he built Surrey Chapel,
London, and preached there during the winter seasons,
acting as an itinerant preacher during the summer months
ber of seris., theological treatises, &c., of which the best-
until his death,-a period of fifty years. He pub. a num-
known is the work entitled Village Dialogues, of which
the 34th ed. was pub. in 1839. He was a man of great
benevolence, profound piety, and indefatigable zeal.
his Life, by the Rev. W. Jones, with a Pref. by Rev. James
Sherman, Mr. Hill's successor in Surrey Chapel; 2d ed.,
4th ed., 1844, fp. Svo; Select Notes of his Preaching, by
1840, 12mo; again, 1845; his Life, by Rev. Edwin Sidney,
Sidney, 12mo; Memorial of him, by Rev. James Sher-
man, 1851, 18mo; Jamieson's Cyc. of Religious Biogra-
phy; Metropolitan Pulpit; Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1833;
Phila. Museum, xlvi. 410; New Haven Month. Chris.
Spec., x. 516.
Sheridan used to say,
I go to hear Rowland Hill because his ideas come red-hot from
the heart."
Dr. Milner, the Dean of Carlisle, was so much affected
by hearing one of his sermons, that he went to him in the
vestry, and said.
..
· Mr. Hill, Mr. Hill, I felt to day 'tis this slap-doch preaching,
say what they will, that does all the good."
Robert Southey gives an interesting account of a ser-
mon he heard Hill deliver in 1823, two years before the
preacher's death:
His manner was animated and striking, sometimes impressive
and dignified, always remarkable; and so powerful a voice I have
rarely or never heard.... The purport of his sermon was good;
nothing fanatical, nothing enthusiastic; and the Calvinism which
it expressed was so qualified as to be harmless; ... the manner
that of a performer as great in his line as Kent or Kemble.”-
Letter to Mrs. Southey: Southey's Life and Correspondence.
..
Let us quote the testimony of a witness even more dis-
tinguished than Rowland Hill himself:
“No man has ever drawn, since the days of the Saviour, such
sublime images from Nature: here Mr. Hill excels every other
man!... Whatever a misjudging world may say, such men as
these will shine as the brightness of the firmament, and as the
stars forever. May my soul, though at a humble distance, be
admitted among them!"-ROBERT HALL.
Hill, Rowland, Secretary to the London Post-Office,
has become widely-known as the author of the system of
Penny Postage commenced 1839-40. Post-Office Reform:
its Importance and Practicability, Lon., 1837, Svo.
This pamphlet is important from its having paved the way for
the introduction of the new system of penny postage. . . . The
measure has led to the sacrifice of above 1,000,0007, a year of nett
revenue.”—McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 339, q. v.
And see also Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xv. 459.
847
HIL
HIL
Mr. McCulloch thinks that the reduction was too great;
and he is certainly correct.
Hill, S. S. 1. Short Account of Prince Edward's
Island, Lon., 12mo. 2. Emigrant's Introduc. to an Ac-
quaintance with the British American Colonies, 1837, 12mo.
"The volume contains a fund of useful information.”—Lon.
Literary Gazette, Aug. 1837.
See also Lon. Month. Rev., Aug. 1837; Metrop. Mag.,
Sept. 1837.
3. The Tiara and the Turban, 1845, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Hill, Samuel, Rector of Killington, and Archdeacon,
&c. of Wells, pub. several theolog. controversial treatises,
1687-1708.
|
6. Eulogy on Daniel Webster, before the City Authorities
of Boston, 1852. This truly eloquent oration will be found
in A Memorial of Daniel Webster from the City of Boston,
1853, edit. by Mr. Hillard. This vol. must be owned by
all who possess Little, Brown & Co.'s beautiful edit. of the
Works of Webster. 7. Six Months in Italy, 1853, 2 vols.
12mo; 2d ed., 1854, 2 vols. 12mo; 5th ed., 1855, 16mo.
This work has been commended in the highest terms.
We give brief citations:
M
The mass of information contained in these two volumes is
Hill, Samuel. Vaccination, Portsea, 1804, Svo.
|
Hill, Samuel. Clark's New Law List to 1805, 1817.
Hill, The. Stoic Philosophy, or the Praise of Po-
verty; a Poem, Lon., 1720, Svo.
immense; the criticisms novel, and, in our humble opinion, judi-
cious; the writer's own thoughts and feelings beautifully ex
pressed. . . . The only wonder is how he could manage in so short
a time to see so much; for Mr. Hillard is one who sees not only
with the outward eye, but with that inner mental vision which
carries away with it and makes its own all that fixes its observa-
tion and acts upon its sensations.... Mr. Hillard is evidently a
scholar, a man of taste and feeling, something, we should opine,
of a poet, and unmistakably a gentleman."-Fraser's Magazine.
"Mr. Hillard's work is that of a scholar and a gentleman, a man
of sense as well as of taste and feeling, and well prepared by his
previous reading to appreciate his subject. He writes without ego-
tism, personal or patriotic; he has no systems to support nor preju-
dices to defend; his views are always liberal and benevolent, and
if not always, in our opinion, right, he is always candid. His stylo
is pointed, and is full of happy expressions and striking images:
occasionally it is to our taste a little too ambitious, and his illus
trations. though ingenious, seem to us fanciful and far-fetched;
the anxiety (perhaps derived from his profession) to enforce a point
leads now and then to exaggeration,-not indeed of fact. but of ex
pression. These blemishes. however, are but slight: and our men-
tion of them must be taken as a proof of the sincerity of our gene-
ral praise."-Lon. Quar. Rev., April, 1858.
Hill, Hyll, or Hylle, Thomas, a "Londoner," pub.
A Briefe Treatise of Gardeninge, Lon., 1563, 16mo, (fre-
quently reprinted;) The Ordering of Bees, 1574, &c.; The
Schoole of Skil, an astronom. work, 1599, 4to; several
almanacs; and some works on arithmetic, astronomy,
physiognomy, &c., for an account of which see Watt's
Bibl. Brit.; Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
66
Hyll's two books seem to be the first that were written on
gardening and bees.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Bing.
Hill, Thomas. Legerdemain, Lon., 12mo.
Hill, Thomas. Serms., 1642, '43, '44, '45.
Hill, Thomas. On Wm. Parry's Moral Evil, 1809.
Hill, Thomas, Archdeacon of Derby. Letters and
Memoir of the late Walter Augustus Shirley, D.D., Lord-
Bishop of Sodor and Man. Edited by T. H., Lon., 1849, 8vo. |
"A solid and interesting volume, containing, in addition to the
biography, various intelligent remarks on public affairs and theo-
logical questions, with a good many descriptive sketches of scenery
and of mankind, at home and abroad."-Lon. Spectator.
"It is a volume which we have read with the deepest interest
and closed with the highest feelings of its importance."-Lon.
Gentleman's Magazine.
Hill, Thomas, b. at New Brunswick, N.J., 1818:
grad. at Harvard Coll., 1843; settled at Waltham, Mass.,
1845. 1. Poems, Cambridge, 1843, 24mo. 2. Arithmetic,
Bost., 1845. 3. Geometry and Faith, N.Y., 1849. 4. Curva-
ture, 1850, 8vo. 5. Geometry, 1855. 6. Liberal Education,
1858: see N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1858. Contributed to astro-
nomical and religious periodicals. Edited Whately's Evi-
dences of Christianity, and The Stars and the Earth.
Hill, Thomas Ford, d. 1795. 1. Ancient Erse
Poems, 1784, Svo. 2. Politics of France, Lon., 1792, Svo.
Hill, W. R. S. Carolina Law Reports, 1833-35,
Columbia, 1834-37, 3 vols. 8vo. 2. S. Carolina Chancery
Reports, 1833-37, 2 vols. Svo, 1834–37.
Hill, Wm. The Infancy of the Soul; or, the Soul of
an Infant showing how and when it is infused, Lon.,
1605, 4to.
Hill, Wm., D.D., 1619-1677, a divine, school-master,
and physician, Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, a native
of Cudworth, Warwickshire. 1. Dionysii Orbis Descrip-
tio, Lon., 1658, '59, '63, '78, 'SS, Svo. The last ed. is the
best. 2. Woman's Looking-Glass, 1660, 12mo.
..
• Taking up the book casually, it fixed our attention at once; and
it is long since we have read a volume of travels with so much
pleasure."-Dublin Review, July, 1858.
The New York Albion thus closes its review:
"What a pleasant business it would be, this passing judgment
It was with
on books, if we had many such authors to deal with!
listless attention that we took up the two volumes before us, not-
withstanding that these Boston publishers have the knack of
courting the eye by all the tricksy niceties of typography. But let
no man gainsay the truth of that homely proverb which peoples
ocean with as good fish as ever came out of it, or rashly assert
that Italy is an exhausted theme! Mr. Ilillard has fairly carried
us with him from his first page to his last; and we must honestly
avow that no modern traveller, within the scope of our pen, has
looked and listened so profitably to himself, and has recorded his
impressions in a manner so acceptable to his readers."
Hillard, George Stillman, a grandson of General
Stillman, b. Sept. 22, 1808, at Machias. Maine, entered the
Boston Latin School, 1822, entered Harvard College in
1824, and graduated in 1828, admitted to the Suffolk
County (Boston) Bar, 1833, and to the present time (1859)
nas been engaged in the practice of the law in Boston.
Mr. Hillard was married in 1834 to Susan T., daughter
of the late Judge Howe of Northampton. In 1845 he was
elected to the Common Council, of which he was a member
until July, 1847, and was for six months its president. He
has been a representative to the State Legislature, and was
elected to the Senate in 1850. As a legislator, Mr. Hillard |
soon evinced abilities which elicited the warm commenda-
tion of the late Daniel Webster, (see Webster's Works, v.
356,) whose estimate of intellectual character was seldom
mistaken. The reader will find some interesting reminis-
cences of Mr. Hillard's early life in the Boston Book,
1850; and in Loring's Hundred Boston Orators.
Mr. Hillard has gained the reputation of being one of
the most eloquent of Anierican orators: as a writer, we
have heard him classed, by no less an authority than the
eminent publicist, Dr. Francis Lieber, among the very best
which the country has yet produced. Mr. Hillard's publi-
cations are as follows:-1. Fourth of July Oration before |
the City Authorities of Boston, 1835. 2. Discourse before
the Phi Beta Kappa Society, 1843. 3. Connection between
Geography and History, 1846, 12mo. 4. Address before
the Mercantile Library Association of Boston, 1850.
5. Address before the New York Pilgrim Society, 1851. |
S. A First-Class Reader; consisting of Extracts in Proso
and Verse, with Biographical and Critical Notices of the
Authors. For the use of Advanced Classes in Public and
Private Schools. 1856, Svo, pp. 504. This vol. contains
156 pieces, selected from the writings of 112 authors of
note.
“The selections are so well made, and the brief biographical
sketches so convenient, that the book deserves a circulation beyond
the class for whom, ostensibly, it has been prepared. As a volume
general reader: to the instructor we can safely endorse it, as a
of elegant extracts,' we take pleasure in recommending it to the
careful and judicious compilation, admirably adapted to the re
quirements of the higher schools."-(N. York) Criterion, April 5,
1856, 361.
Mr. Hillard has also prepared a Second, Third, and
Fourth Class Reader, the whole forming a complete series
for the use of grammar-schools. They are being generally
used in most of the States of the Union.
Translator of-9. Guizot's Essay on the Character and
Influence of Washington, 1840, 12mo. Editor of—10. The
Poetical Works of Edmund Spenser, 1839, 5 vols. 12mo,
with a critical Introduction. This excellent edit. was pub.
by Little, Brown & Co. of Boston, who have issued a new
edit. of Spenser's Works in 1855, 5 vols. 18mo.
Hillard's edit. was thus commended by the distinguished
historian of Spanish Literature:
Mr.
"There is no doubt you have published the best edition of
Spenser yet known. But you have, I think, done more than
this: you have. it seems to me, published a positively good, use-
ful, and agreeable edition of him; one that will cause him to be
read and enjoyed by many classes of persons who would otherwise
not have ventured to open his pages."-GEORGE TICKNOR: Letter to
the Publishers.
11. Selections from the Writings of Walter Savage
Landor, 1856, 12mo, pp. 301.
• If, through the vestibule this little book offers. I can persuade
the public to pass into the stately structure of wisdom and beauty
which Landor has reared, my purpose will have been accomplished.”
-Preface.
"In his admirably-written preface, Mr. Hillard has given so
excellent an estimate of Landor's works that he has forestalled
the office of the critic; and we could say nothing on the subject
that he has not said in a better manner than we could hope to do.”
-(N. York) Criterion, January 12, 1856, 166.
Mr. Hillard was for some time editor of the American
Jurist, and wrote a number of articles for its pages; and
he has also been a contributor to the North American Re-
view, the Christian Examiner, the New England Maga-
zinc, &c. To him also we are indebted for the Life of
848
HIL
HIL
Captain John Smith, in Sparks's Library of American
Biography, 1st Series, ii. 171-407. If to all these titles
to honourable distinction Mr. Hillard's friends should
claim for him the possession of poetical abilities of no
ordinary rank, they would feel amply prepared to vindi-
cate the justice of their pretensions. Among the most
admired of his writings are the two noticed with just com-
mnendation in the following extract:
In 1824 Mr. Hillhouse composed the sacred drama of
Hadad, which was given to the world in the following
"George S. Hillard is one of the most polished writers of New
England. His taste is fastidious, and he is a fine rhetorician. He year, New York, Svo, pp. 208. This admirable piece was
excels in arrangement and condensation, and has an imaginative reviewed in the North American Review (xxii. 13–27) by
expression. Of his numerous articles in The North American Re-F. W. P. Greenwood; by H. Ware, Jr., in the Christian
view, one of the most brilliant is on Prescott's Conquest of Mexico; Examiner, ii. 301; and by an unknown critic, in the United
but I think the happiest of his essays is that on the Mission of
the Poet, read before the Phi Beta Kappa Society."-R. W. GRIS States Literary Gazette, ii. 96.
States Literary Gazette, ii. 96. See also article on Hill-
WOLD: The Intellectual History, Condition, and Prospects of the house's Dramas, Discourses, and other Poems, (1839, 2 vols.
Country, prefixed to his Prose Writers of America.
16mo,) by J. G. Palfrey, in North American Review, 1. 231-
262; and Literature in the Nineteenth Century-America
-in the London Athenæum, 1833, p. 9. The author of
the article declares that
..
The exquisite and flowing sentences seem allied to music. and
touch the outward sense, as well as stir the fancy and excite the
reflective powers."
We have already quoted the testimonies of some emi-
nent witnesses to the distinguished talents-in the maturity
of their luxuriant foliage-of the subject of our notice.
The early indications of these talents-the "promise of
the spring" were not unnoticed by one who first planted,
and then stimulated to an abundant harvest, the priceless
seeds of knowledge in many a youthful mind.
We are
adducing but one more to the many evidences of that
sagacity which so pre-eminently characterized a late emi-
nent jurist, by the citation of the following lines:
"To some among them [his law-pupils he was bound by the
warmest ties of affection; and I cannot refrain from mentioning
the love and esteem he had for Charles Sumner and George S. Hil-
lard, whom he rather looked upon as his children than as bis
pupils."-Wa. W. Story's Life of Judge Joseph Story, ii. 39.
|
Hillary, Wm., M.D. Medical treatises, Lon., 1735-61.
Hillhouse, James, 1754-1832, a native of Montville,
Connecticut, graduated at Yale College, 1773; treasurer
of Yale College, 1782-1832; member U. S. House of Re-
presentatives. 1791-94; of the United States Senate, 1794
1810. Mr. Hillhouse filled several important public posts
in his native State. He pub. a number of Speeches. &c.
See Bacon's Sketch of the Life and Character of Hon.
James Hillhouse; Life and Letters of Judge Joseph
Story, i. 158.
Hillhouse, James A., 1789-1841, son of the pre-
ceding, was a native of New Haven, Connecticut, entered
Yale College at fifteen years of age, and graduated, with
distinguished honours, in 180S. After the war of 1812
he engaged in commercial pursuits in the city of New
York; visited Europe in 1819; was married in 1824 to
Miss Cornelia Lawrence, of New York; and shortly after-
wards removed to his country-seat of Sachem's Wood, near
New Haven, where he resided, with the exception of an.
nual visits to New York, during the remainder of his life.
Upon taking his second degree at college, Mr. Hillhouse
had gained great credit by his oration On the Education
of a Poet; and in 1812 he produced a poem of remark-
able excellence, entitled The Judgment, a Vision,-a de-
scription of the awful scenes of the Last Day. (Pub. N.
York, 1812, Svo.) This poem was rewarded, shortly after
its first appearance, by the enthusiastic commendation of
one of the most accomplished of English critics, who thus
concludes his review:
"In short, such is the approach to excellence. both in the con-
ception and execution of this little poem, that I confess myself
more than commonly gratified in the opportunity of doing what
lies in my power towards making it further known on this side
the Atlantic; especially as the praise to which it is so justly en-
titled may, in all probability, lead_its_author to other and more
extended efforts."-DE. DRAKE: Evenings in Autumn, 1822, ii.
100-127.
Whilst in London, he pub. Percy's Masque, a Drama
in Five Acts; the subject of which is "the successful at-
tempt of one of the Percies, the son of Shakspeare's Hot-
spur, to recover his ancestral home." It was reprinted in
New York, "with alterations," 1820, 12mo, pp. 150, and
reviewed in the North American Review (xi. 384-393) by
a fellow-poet, William C. Bryant. Referring the reader
to this article, we will quote a few paragraphs:
“We are glad to meet with so respectable a production in this
department of literature from the pen of a native writer; indeed,
we are pleased to light upon any modern tragedy in the English
language so well worthy of notice. . . . There is no powerful de-
velopment of character, but the characters are consistent and well
sustained. ... We think that the author of Percy's Masque is
to be congratulated on having escaped so well the florid and de-
clamatory manner, with so many celebrated and seducing ex-
amples before him. We hope, however, that, should he continuo
to cultivate this department of the drama. he will be led to study
a style still more idiomatic and easy, and, particularly (for here
he has sinned most) with fewer capricious departures from the
natural construction."
"Percy's Masque reproduces the features of an era more im-
pressed with knightly character than any in the annals of Eng
land. Hillhouse moves in that atmosphere quite as gracefully 28
among the solemn and venerable traditions of the Hebrew faith.
His dramatic and other pieces are the first instances in the
country of artistic skill in the higher and more elaborate species
of poetic writing."-H. T. Tuckerman's Sketch of American Lite-
ruture.
J
"This is one of those works which the Americans do not or
cannot appreciate. As a drama, it is throughout admirable,
though the excessive interest of the supernatural vein rather
dims the brightness of the inferior portions of the plot. . . . We
trust he writes malgré discouragement and neglect, for the tinie
will come when he will be sought for. Le bon temps for literaturo
in America is not far off.”
5.
-
In 1839 Mr. Hillhouse pub. (in 2 vols. 16mo) a collective
ed. of his writings, the title of which we have given above.
The vols. contain-1. Percy's Masque. 2. Hadad. 3. De-
metria; a domestic Italian tragedy, written in 1813, but
never before printed. 4. The Judgment; a Poem.
Sachem's Wood; a Poem. 6. Phi Beta Kappa Discourse,
1826, at New Haven, On Some of the Considerations which
should influence an Epic or a Tragic Writer in the Choice
of an Era. 7. A Discourse before the Brooklyn Lyceumi,
in 1836, On the Relations of Literature to a Republican
Government. 8. A Discourse at New Haven, 1834, in
Commemoration of the Life and Services of General La-
fayette. See the Review by J. G. Palfrey, noticed above;
another review in the Boston Christian Examiner, xxvii.
285; articles (on the Poem of Judgment) in the Boston
Christian Disciple, iii. 209; N. Haven Chris. M. Spec., iii.
466; an article in the N. Haven Chris. Quar. Spec. v. 238
New Englander, Nov. 1858, (by H. T. Tuckerman;) N. F.
Willis's Poem before the Linonian Society of Yale College,
1841; Everest's Poets of Connecticut; notice of Hillhouse,
from materials furnished by Bishop Kip, in Griswold's
Poets and Poetry of America. The enthusiastic tribute
of a fellow-poet may appropriately conclude this notice of
one of the most eminent of modern dramatic authors:
"Hillhouse. whose music, like his themes,
Lifts earth to heaven.-whose poet-dreams
Are pure and holy as the hymu
Echoed from harps of seraphim
By bards that drank at Zion's fountain,
When glory, peace, and hope were hers,
And beautiful upon her mountains
The feet of angel-messengers."
FITZ-GREENE HALLECK: The Recorder.
Hilliard, Francis, b. about 1808, in Cambridge,
Mass., son of William Hilliard, an eminent publisher of
Boston, grad. Harvard University 1823. He has been Judge
of Roxbury (Mass.) Police Court. Commissioner of Insol-
vency and Judge of Insolvency for the county of Norfolk.
1. Digest of Pickering's Reports, vols. viii. to xiv. inc.,
Bost.. 1837, Svo. Supp.. 1843, Sro. 2. Law of Sales of
Personal Property, N. York, 1841, Svo. See 25 Amer. Jur.,
488, xxvi. 262. 3. Amer. Law of Real Property; 2d ed.,
Phila., 1846. Svo: 3d ed., N. York, 1855, 2 vols. 8vo. This
work contains that portion of Cruise's Digest which the
American lawyer will find most needful.
"I know no work that we possess whose practical utility is
likely to be so extensively felt."-JUDGE STORY.
"A work of great labour and intrinsic value."-CHANCELLOR
KENT: Com., ii. 635, n.. 5th ed.
"A work creditable to himself. and of great practical utility to
the profession throughout our whole country."-Amer. Jur.
See also 1 L. Rep., 119; ix. 188: Marvin's Leg. Bibl.387.
4. American Jurisprudence; Elements of Law, &c., 2d
ed., 1848, Svo. 5. Law of Mortgages of Real and Per-
sonal Property, Bost., 1853, 2 vols. 8vo.
"As a manual for use it will take the place of other treatises
on the same subject.”—Law Reporter.
6. Treatise on the Law of Vendors and Purchasers of
Real Property, 1858, 2 vols. 8vo. A Treatise on Torts, 2
vols. 8vo. Now (1858) in course of preparation.
Hilliard, Henry W., of Alabama. Speeches and
Addresses, N. York. 1855, Svo. The most of these speeches
were delivered in the House of Representatives at Wash-
ington, D.C. Appended are a number of literary addresser
which have been commended.
849
51
HIL
HIN
Hilliard, John. Fire from Heaven concerning a
Man burnt to ashes by Lightning, Lon., 1613, 4to.
Hilliard, Samuel, Preb. of Lincoln, and Rector
of Stafford, Essex. Seven occasional Serms., 1709, '12,
'13, '14, '17.
Hilliard, Timothy, 1746–1790, minister of Cam-
bridge, Mass., &c., grad, at Harvard Coll., 1761. Serms.,
1774-SS.
Hillier, James. Observations at Cape Corse; Phil.
Trans., 1697.
Hills, Henry, minister of Hinxhill. A Treat, conc.
the Propagation of the Soul, on Eccles. xii. 7, Lon. 1667,
12mo.
Hillyard, Clark. Practical Farming and Grazing,
Breeding of Sheep and Cattle, &c., Lon., 1836, Svo.
"The volume contains 352 octavo pages of sound, practical
sense, with several very amusing anecdotes.”—Donaldson's Agri-
cult. Bing.
Hilman, Samuel. Tusser Redivivus, Lon., 1710,
8vo. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1843.
Hils, G. H. Trans. of the Odes of Casimire, Lon.,
1646, 12mo. Dr. Drake declares that many of Casimir's
odes are worthy of the genius of Horace.
Hilsey, or Hildesley, John, d. 1538, Bishop of
Rochester, 1535. 1. The Manuall of Prayers; or, the
Prymer in Englyshe, Lon., 1539, Svo. 2. De Veri Cor-
poris Iesu in Sacramento. 3. Resolutions concerning the
Sacraments, &c. See Athen. Oxon.
Hilton, John. 1. Ayres, or Fa Las for three Voyces,
1627. 2. Catch that catch can, Lon., 1652, 8vo. This
collection, we are told,
Helped to solace the royalists in private, during the triumphs
of their enemies and suppression of all public amusements.” See
Hawkins's and Burney's IIistories of Music.
Hilton, or Hylton, Walter, flourished about 1440,
a Carthusian monk. 1. The Scale; or, 'Ladder of Per-
fection, 1494, fol.; 1507, '21, '25, '33, 4to; 1659, Svo; 1672,
32mo; 1679, 8vo. The last is the ed. revised by Abr.
Woodhead.
This work was undertaken at the command of the pious
Margaret, mother of IIenry VII. See Dr. Dibdin's Ames,
ii. 36-40, for copious extracts from "this very strange
performance."
The whole concludes with the following verses:
"Infynyte laude with thankynges manyfold,
I yelde to god, me socourynge with his grace,
This boke to fynysshe, whiche that ye beholde
Scale of perfeccyon calde in every place,
Whereof thauctor Waltre Hylton was."
A copy sold at the Alchorne sale for £18 188.
2. A Devoute Boke, &c. See Bliss's Wood's Athen.
Oxon., iii. 1164; Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 932.
Hilton, William. Relation of a Discovery lately
made on the Coast of Florida, Lon., 1654, 4to. Liber
rarissimus.
Hinchcliffe, Henry John. 1. Rules of Practice
for the Vice-Admiralty Ct. of Jamaica, Lon., 1813, 8vo.
2. Carving over a Chimney-Piece at Speke Hall; Archæol.,
1803.
Hinchcliffe, John, D.D., 1731-1794, a native of
Westminster, educated at Westminster, and elected to
Trin. Coll., Camb., 1750; Head-Master of Westminster
School, 1764; Vicar of Greenwich, 1766; Master of Trin.
Coll., Camb., 1768; Bishop of Peterborough, 1769. 1.
Serm., Phil. iv. 4, Lon., 1773, 4to. 2. Serm., Acts x. 34,
35, 1776, 4to. 3. Serm., Mal. ii. 10, 1786, 4to. 4. Serms.,
1796, 8vo. Posth. This vol. disappointed expectations,
but is not without merit:
<<
This volume is not to be passed over amongst the common
run of pulpit compositions. The discourses are unaffected in
their manner, and exhibit traits of an energetic mind."-Lon.
Critical Review.
Another authority remarks that they are
"Throughout written with correctness and simplicity; and
they are happily calculated to support religious belief and to
promote virtuous manners.”—Lon. Month. Rev.
Hinckes, Rev. Mr. Account of some Ancient MSS.;
Trans. Ir. Acad., 1796.
Hinckes, T. Letters in Answer to Paine's Age of
Reason, 1796, Svo.
Hinckley, John, D.D., 1617-1695, a native of War-
wickshire, educated at St. Alban's Hall, Oxford, became
successively Vicar of Coleshill, Berkshire, Rector of
Drayton, Leicestershire, and Northfield, Worcestershire.
He pub.-1. Four Serms., &c., Oxf., 1657, 8vo. 2. Epistola
Veridica, 1659, 4to. 3. Funl. Serm., 1661, 4to. 4. Per-
suasive to Conformity, 1670, 8vo. 5. Fasciculus Literarum;
or, Letts. on several Occasions, 1680, Svo. The first half
The first half
contains letters between Richard Baxter and Dr. II. on
the Divisions in the Church.
Hinckley, John, d. 1814, trans. books of Travels,
history, &c. from the German and Italian. See Watt's
Bibl. Brit.
Hincks, John, 1804-1831, minister of a Unitarian
church at Liverpool, 1827. XXIX. Serms, and Occasional
Services, with Memoir by John H. Thorn. Lon., 1832, 8vo.
Hind, Capt. James, a noted English highwayman.
1. His Declaration and Confession, Lon., 1651, 4to. 2. His
Will, 1651, 4to. 3. His Petition, 1651, 4to. A number of
pieces were pub. about this notorious malefactor. Sce
Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 933.
Hind, or Hynd, John. 1. The Mirrour of Worldly
Fame, Lon., 1603, 12mo, pp. 60. Reprinted in the Har-
leian Miscellany. 2. Eliosto Libidinoso: described in
two Bookes, 1606, 4to. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 920, £15. Seo
Brydges's Cens. Literaria; Collier's Poetical Decameron.
Hind, Rev. John, late Fellow and Tutor of Sidney
Svo. 2. Examp. of the Diff. Calculus, Svo.
Sussex College. 1. Principles of the Diff. Calculus, Lon.,
3. Elements
troduc. to the Elements of Algebra, 1840, 12mo.
of Algebra; 5th ed., 1841, Svo; 6th ed., 1855, Svc. 4. In..
5. Ele..
ments of P. and S. Trigonom., 4th ed., 1841, 12mo; 5th
ed., 1855, 12mo. 6. Prin. and Prac. of Arithmetic; 6th
ed., 1849, 12mo; 7th ed., 1855, 12mo. Highly commended
by Dr. Whowell in his Cambridge Studies. 7. Prin. and
Prac. of Arithmetical Algebra, 1851, 12mo.
Hind, John Russell, Astronomer, Foreign Secre-
tendent of the "Nautical Almanack," has discovered a
tary of the Royal Astronomical Society, and Superin-
large number of planets, for an account of which see Men
of the Time, Lon., 1856; H. M. Bouvier's Familiar As-
tronomy, Phila., 1857. 1. The Solar System, Lon., 1846,
&c., 18mo. 2. Expected Return of the Great Comet of
1264 and 1556, Svô, 1848. 3. Astronomical Vocabulary;
an Explan. of Terms, 1852, Svo. 4. Comets; a Descrip.
Treatise, 1852, Svo. 5. The Illustrated London Astronomy,
1853. 6. Atlas of Astronomy: see JOHNSTON, ALEXANDER
KEITH, No. 15.
Hind, Richard, D.D. Serms., 1755, '64, '65.
Hinde, Capt. Descrip. of the Light Horse, 1778, 8vo.
Hinde, Robert. Prac. H.Ct. of Chan., Lon., 1785,8vo.
Hinde, Samuel. Serm., Lon., 1663, 4to.
Hinde, or Hind, Thomas. 1. The Divinity of our
Saviour Proved: serm. on John i. 14, Oxf., 1717, Svo.
Hinde, Wm. 1. Substance of Serm. by J. Raynoldes,
Oxf., 1614, 4to. 2. Life of John Bruen, 1641, Svo.
Hinderwell, Thomas. Hist. and Antiq. of Scar-
borough and the Vicinity, York, 1798, 8vo; 1811, med.
Svo.
Hindler. Costs in the C. P. of Lancaster, 1843,12mo.
Hindley, Rev. George. Memorial for Children:
account of the Conversion, &c. of eighteen Children,
1805; 3d ed., 1813, Svo.
Hindley, John Haddon. 1. Persian Lyrics, 1800.
4to. 2. Pendeh-i-attar, 1810, '14, 12mo.
Hindmarch, W. M. 1. Supp. to Deacon's Crim.
Law of Eng., Lon., 1836, Svo. 2. Law of Patents, 1846,
Svo. Supp. now in Press. Amer. ed., Harrisb., 1847, Svo.
“We can honestly say that he has ably and amply fulfilled the
promise in his Preface of producing a Treatise exhibiting the Law
and Practice in all the details of the subject he has handled."-
Lon. Law Msg.; see also 10 Jurist, 150.
3. Defects of the Patent Laws, 1851, 8vo.
Hindmarsh, James. Dict. of Correspondencies,
&c. from the Works of Swedenborg, Lon., 1794, 12mo.
Hindmarsh, Robert, a printer. Theolog. treatises
of the Swedenborgian School of Divinity, Lon., 1792-
1825.
G
Hinds, John. 1. Groom's Oracle, Lon., 12mc; Phila.,
1835, 12mo. 2. Manual of the Veterinary Art, Lon.,12m 7.
3. Rules for Bad Horsemen, 12mo. 4. Veterinary Surgeon;
2d ed., 1829, 12mo. 5. Manual of Farriery, 1841, 12mo.
Amer. ed., by Thos. M. Smith, with a Supp. by J. S. Skin-
Farrier should be owned by all interested in horses.
ner, Phila. This work and Dr. Richard Mason's New Pocket
"We cannot too highly recommend these books.”—American
Farmer.
|
Hinds, Richard Brinsley, Surgeon R.N. of H. M.
S. Sulphur. 1. Zoology of the Voyage of the Sulphur,
Lon., 1843-45, r. 4to; vol. i. £3 16.; vol. ii. £1 148. 2.
Botany of do., 1844, 4to, £3 38. Mr. Hinds accompanied
Sir Edward Belcher in his Voyage round the World in
H. M. S. Sulphur, 1836–42.
|
Hinds, Samuel, D.D., Vice-Princ. of St. Alban's Hall,
Oxford: Bp. of Norwich, 1849. 1. Sonnets and other Sa-
ered Poems, p. Svo.
cred Poems, p. Svo. 2. The Three Temples of the One
True God Contrasted. 1830; 3d ed.. 1857, 8vo. 3. Inspi-
ration and Authority of Scripture, 1831, Svo. 4. Seripture
850
MIN
HIT
and the authorized Version of Scripture, 1853, 12mo. 5. Poetry of America; Duyckincks' Cyclopedia of Amer.
Catechist's Manual, 2d ed., 1855, 12mo.
"Learned. pious, and practical."-Bickersteth's C. S.
6. Hist. of Christianity, 1829, 2 vols. 8vo; 1846, '50,
'53, 8vo.
Division i. pub. separately in 1 vol. 8vo. Ori-
ginally pub. in Encyc. Metropol. See British Critic,
v. 135.
"Erudite research is here combined with independent thought.
The historical narrative flows gracefully along. A certain agree-
able tone of generous and liberal feeling pervades the work."-
Scottish Guardian.
"An admirable compend, frank and liberal.”—United Presby.
Mog.
Hingeston, H. Dreadful Alarm upon the Clouds
of Heaven mixed with Love, Exeter, 1703, 8vo. It has
been suggested that this vol. should accompany Stubbes's
Anatomie of Abuses.
Hingham, Sir Ralph de. See HENGHAM.
Hinkley, E. Acts of the Assembly of Maryland on
the Subject of Attachment, Balt., 1836, Svo.
Hinton, Benjamin. Eighteen Serms., Lon., 1650,4to.
Hinton, Isaac Taylor, a brother of JoHN HOWARD
HINTON, post. History of Baptism, Phila., 1840, 12mo.
Revised by J. Howard Hinton, Lon., 1841, 12mo.
Hinton, James. Vindic. of Dissenters, 1792, 8vo.
Hinton, John. Serm., Lon., 1685, 4to.
Hinton, Sir John. Memoires of Sir John Hinton,
Physician-in-Ordinary to his Majestie's Person, 1629,
Lon., 1814, 12mo. 100 copies printed.
Hinton, John Howard, minister of the Baptist
congregation, Devonshire Square, Bishopgate Street, has
acquired considerable reputation both as a preacher and
as an author. In addition to many theological, biogra-
phical, and other works, he has given to the world The
History and Topography of the United States of N. Ame-
rica, from their First Discovery and Colonization to 1826.
By J. H. H., assisted by several literary gentlemen in Eu-
rope and America. 100 Maps and Plates. Pub. in Nos.:
Pub. in Nos.:
finished in 1832, 2 vols. 4to; N. York, revised by S. L.
Knapp, 1834, Svo. New ed., Lon., 1842, 2 vols. 4to; also
1843, 2 vols. imp. 8vo. Amer. ed., with Continuation,
edited by JOHN OVERTON CHOULES, D.D., q. v. See Revue
Encyclopedique, Paris; Lon. Evangel. Mag., June, 1832:
and see notices of Mr. Hinton, in the Metropolitan Pulpit;
Men of the Time, 1856.
Hinton, Wm. Life and Meditations, 1665, 4to..
Hioan, G. R. Thoughts on Prophecy, 1808, Svo.
Hippesley, Colonel George. Expedition to Vene-
zuela in 1817, Lon., 1819, 8vo. Sec Blackwood's Mag.,
Sept. 1819. This is the book used by Byron as a narcotic
after dinner:
(C
Hippesley, J. H. Chapters on Early English Litera-
ture, Lon., 1837, p. Svo.
"There is throughout this volume much knowledge, correct and
tasteful criticism, and familiarity with the subject. We do not
know a better introduction to the study of our old poets."-Lon.
Gent. Mag.
Literature; and Poe's Literati.
Hirst, William, Master of the Free School, Hert-
ford. Necessity and Advantages of Education, Lon.,
1728, sm. 8vo.
Hippisley. Essays on Africa, Lon., 1764, 8vo.
Hippisley, Sir John Coxe, M.P., LL.D., 1765-1825,
pub. several speeches, political tracts, 1806-13, and a trea-
tise on Prison Discipline in 1823.
Hiquæus, Antonius, an Irishman. Com. in Lib.
quartum Sententiarum Scoti, Lugd., 1639.
Hiraethoc, Gruffyd. Ou Synnwyr pen Kembero
ygyd, Wedyrgynnull; ei gynnwys aegyfansoddi mewn
crynobad ddosparthus a threfnodic awedrwy ddyual |
ystryw. Gruffyd Hiraethoc prydydd o wynedd. Is. Comry,
Lon., by Nycholas Hyll, Svo. The poet whose name is
attached to this collection of British Proverbs-Gruffyd
Hiraethoc-flourished about 1500, in North Wales.
Hird, Wm., M.D. Profess. treatises, &c., 1751, '53, 'S1.
Hirst, Augusta Ann. Helen; a Tale, 1807, 2 vols.
Hirst, Henry B., a native of Philadelphia, and a
member of the Bar of that city, commenced his career as
an author by poetical contributions to Graham's Magazine,
which met with public favour and were widely copied into
the journals of the day. He has since published three
volumes, viz.: 1. The Coming of the Mammoth, The Fu-
neral of Time, and other Poems, Bost., 1845. 2. Endy-
mion, a Tale of Greece; a Poem in four Cantos, 1848.
3. The Penance of Roland, a Romance of the Peine Forte
et Dure; and other Poems, 1849. For critical notices of
these works we refer the reader to Griswold's Poets and
Hirst, Rev. William. 1. A Fire-Ball seen at Horn-
sey; Phil. Trans., 1751. 2. Ingress of Venus; Phil. Trans.,
1769.
Hisinger. 1. The Stone Pyrophysalite; Nic. Jour.,
1808. 2. Niccolanum; Thom. Ann. Philos., 1813.
Hitchcock, David, a shoemaker, b. 1773, at Bethlem,
Litchfield county, Conn., pub. in 1806, at Boston, a vol. of
Poetical Works, the chief poem of which-The Shade of
Plato; or, A Defence of Religion, Morality, and Govern-
ment-has been thought to possess considerable merit.
See Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.; Autobiography pre-
fixed to Hitchcock's Poetical Works.
Fletcher, his valet, brought it regularly with the table-cloth.
Its soporific qualities, he amusingly remarked, were truly asto-
nishing, surpassing those of any ordinary narcotic: the perusal of
a few pages sufficed to lull him asleep, and obtained him a favour-logy
able siesta when indisposed, or in bad humour with himself."-
Voyage from Leghorn to Cephalonia with Lord Byron, by J. H.
Browne: Blackwood's Mag., Jan. 1834.
Hitchcock, Edward, D.D., LL.D., an eminent geo-
logist, b. at Deerfield, Mass., May 24, 1793, became prin-
cipal of an academy in his native town in 1816, and
retained this situation for three years, when he was
ordained, and subsequently was pastor of the Congrega-
tional church at Conway, Mass.; Professor of Chemistry
and Natural History in Amherst College, 1825; appointed
to make a Geological Survey of Massachusetts in 1830,
and again in 1837; President of Amherst College, and
Professor of Natural Theology and Geology, 1844; Agri-
cultural Commissioner for Massachusetts, to visit the Agri-
cultural Schools of Europe, 1850. In 1854 Dr. Hitchcock
was induced by increasing bodily infirmities to resign the
Presidency of Amherst College; but he still retains (1858)
the Chair of Natural Theology and Geology. He was
succeeded in the presidency by the Rev. Dr. William A.
Stearns. Among Dr. Hitchcock's early literary labours
were the preparation of an almanac for four years, (1815-
18.) and the composition of a Tragedy pub. in 1815, en-
titled The Downfall of Buonaparte. He has since then
given to the world a number of works which have con-
ferred upon him a distinguished reputation both in Europe
and America. 1. Geology of the Connecticut Valley, 1823.
2. Catalogue of Plants within Twenty Miles of Amherst,
1829. 3. Dyspepsia Forestalled and Resisted, 1830. 4. An
Argument for Early Temperance. Reprinted in London.
5. First Report on the Economic Geology of Massachu-
setts, 1832.
6. Report on the Geology, Zoology, and
Botany of Massachusetts, with Plates, 1833, Svo; 2d ed.,
1835, Sro.
To Massachusetts belongs the honour of having made the first
complete geological survey of a whole state under the authority
of government; the surveys of this nature in Europe having been
made by individual exertion, and seldom or partially accomplished
by the aid of government."-N. Amer. Rev., xlii. 422-148, q. v., by
C. T. Jackson.
of Massachusetts. 1838, Svo.
7. Report on a Re-examination of the Economical Geo-
See N. Amer. Rev.,
xlvii. 250–253. S. A Wreath for the Tomb, 1839. Re-
printed in London, 1842. fp. Svo, with a Recommendatory
Preface, by J. Pye Smith, D.D.
The Wreath for the Tomb is a very remarkable work. The
select passages are appropriate, and of a tendency harmonizing
with the other parts of the volume; but the Sermon and the Es-
say are the things which give to this little volume its extraor
dinary value.”—Lon. Congreg. Mag.
9. Elementary Geology, 1840, 12mo; 2d Lon. ed., by J.
Pye Smith, D.D., 1841, cr. Svo; 8th Lon. ed., 1849, p. 8vo.
New Amer. ed., revised and enlarged, with Dr. J. P. Smith's
Preface, 1854, 12mo, pp. 416.
"It is an admirable work, and has been my carriage-companiʊn
for some time.”—DR. G. A. MANTELL: Letter to Dr. Hitchcock,
Professor Hitchcock's excellent work on Elementary Geciogy.
-DR. BUCKLAND: Address before the London Geolog. Soc., 1841.
"I shall recommend it in my Lectures."-PROF. B. SILLIMAN,
LL.D., of Yale College: Letter to Dr. Hitchcock.
And see N. Amer. Rev., lii. 103-109, by S. L. Dana;
lvi. 435–451, by C. B. Adams; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., si
216.
»
10. Final Report on the Geology of Massachusetts, 1841,
2 vols. 4to, pp. 831, plates 55.
2 vols. 4to, pp. 831, plates 55. See N. Amer. Rev., lvi.
435-451.
435-451. 11. Fossil Footsteps in the United States, 1848.
12. Hist. of a Zoological Temperance Convention in Cen-
tral Africa, 1850, 18mo; 1854, 16mo. 13. Religious Lects.
on the Peculiar Phenomena of the Four Seasons, 1850,
12mo; 1853, 12mo. These Lectures were delivered to the
Students of Amherst College in 1845, '47, '48, '49. 14. The
Religion of Geology and its Connected Sciences, 1851,
12mo. Two eds. pub. in London, 1851, p. Svo and 12mo.
New Lon. ed., 1855, 12mo.
"A work eminent for candor, science, and learning, which re
conciles seeming difficulties, and adds to the general character of
the subject discussed by great force and beauty of style."-PRESI
dent King, of Columbia College.
851
HIT
HOA
See also Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxxi. 468. 15. Report on
the Agricultural Schools of Europe, 1851. 16. Memoir of
Mary Lyon, 1851, 12mo. 17. Lects. on Diet, Regimen, and
Employment, 12mo; being an enlarged ed. of No. 3. 18.
Outlines of the Geology of the Globe, and of the United
States in Particular, 1853, Svo. 19. Religious Truth Illus-
trated from Science, Boston, 1857, 12mo. 20. Illustrations
of Surface Geology, pp. 155. 12 plates; pub. by Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, 1856, 4to. 21. Rep. to the Govt.
of Massachusetts on the Ichnology of N. England, pp. 200,
60 plates, 4to. To Dr. Hitchcock we are also indebted for an
Introduc. to Dennis Crofton's Genesis and Geology, Bost.,
16mo; and an Introduction to a new ed. of the Plurality of
Worlds, 1855, 12mo. See BREWSTER, SIR DAVID, LL.D.
and K.H. In addition to these labours, he has pub. eight
Addresses, a number of Sermons and Tracts, and contri-
buted about forty scientific papers to Silliman's Journal,
several articles to the American Biblical Repository on the
Connexion between Religion and Geology, &c., and has
also contributed to the Bibliotheca Sacra, &c. The reader
must not fail to peruse the papers in the American Biblical
Repository, v. 439; vi. 261; vii. 448; ix. 78; x. 328; xi. 1.
See also the articles on the Geology of Massachusetts, in
Amer. Jour. of Sci., i. 106, xxii. 1; and see Amer. Jour.
of Sci., xli. 232; Westm. Rev., xxxviii. 40.
Hitchcock, Enos, D.D., d. 1803, aged 58, minister
of Providence, R.I., grad. at Harvard Coll., 1767, pub. a
work on Education, 1790, 2 vols. 12mo, an Essay on the
Lord's Supper. and four serms., 1793–1800.
Hitchcock, Ethan Allen, General U.S. Army, a
distinguished soldier, b. 1798, at Vergennes, Vermont, re-
linquished the sword for the pen in 1855. 1. Remarks
upon Alchemy and the Alchemists, Bost., 1857. 12mo.
Swedenborg a Hermetic Philosopher, N.Y., 1858, 12mo.
See Appleton's New American Cyclopædia for a bio-
graphical account of General Hitchcock.
2.
Hitchcock, Gad, D.D., d. 1803, aged S5, minister
of Pembroke, Mass., grad. at Harvard Coll., 1743, pub.
five serms., 1757, '71, '74, '79.
|
Hitchener, Wm. H. Plays, Novels. &c., 1804-14.
Hitchin, Charles. 1. Lett. to Mr. Hoadley, Norw.,
1. Lett. to Mr. Hoadley, Norw.,
1711, Svo. 2. Receivers and Thief-Takers of London,
&c., Lon., 1718, 4to.
Hitchin, Edward. On Infant Baptisin, Lon., 1710,
8vo.
Hitchin, Edward. Serms., &c., 1752-72.
Hitchins, Fortescue. 1. The Sen-Shore; with
other Poems, 1810, 8vo. 2. The Hist. of Cornwall; edited
by Samuel Drew Helston, 1824, 2 vols. 4to.
Hitchins, Rev. Malachi. 1. Silver found in Her-
land Copper Mine; Phil. Trans., 1801. 2. Roman Urn dis-
covered in Cornwall; Archæol., 1803.
Hitchmugh, Richard. Serms., York, 1722, both Svo.
Hitt, Thomas. 1. Treatise of Fruit-Trees, Lon.,
1753, 8vo; 3d ed., 1768, Svo.
"His treatise on fruit-trees was much esteemed."—Donaldson*8
Agricult. Biog.
2 A Treatise of Husbandry, 1760, 8vo.
"e author writes very pertinently on enclosing waste lands,
tringing the grounds into cultivation, and the raising of tim-
ber-trees."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Hiud, or Hiust, John. The Storie of Stories; or,
the Life of Christ, Lon.. 1632, Svo.
Letter to Mr. Fleetwood, occasioned by his lato Essay on
Miracles, 1702, 4to, which we have already noticed: seé
FLEETWOOD, WILLIAM, D.D. This was followed by The
Reasonableness of Conformity to the Church of England,
1703, 8vo, which he supported by some other tracts. IIe
had here for his opponent the excellent Mr. Calamy, who
represented the Dissenters of his way of thinking. See
CALAMY, EDMUND. In 1707, 8vo, Hoadly pub. A Brief
Defence of Episcopal Ordination:
Hoadly, Benjamin, D.D., 1676–1761, a native of
Westerham, Kent, admitted of Catherine IIall, Cambridge,
1691, of which he became Fellow and Tutor: Lecturer of
St. Mildred, London, 1701; Rector of St. Peter-le-Poor,
London, 1704; Rector of Streatham, Surrey, 1710; Bishop
of Bangor, 1715; Bishop of Hereford, 1721; Bishop of
Salisbury, 1723; Bishop of Winchester, 1734. Bishop
Hoadly pub. a number of sermons and controversial tracts,
political and theological, which were collected and pub. by
bis son, John Hoadly, Chancellor of the Diocese of Win-
chester, 1773, 3 vols. fol. He first attracted attention by a
"I like both the design and doctrine, as I do every design of
reconciling religion with reason, or, where that may not be done,
of bringing them as near together as possible.”—DR. MIDDLETON.
In 1735, Svo, he gave to the world A Plain Account of
the Nature and End of the Lord's Supper; a Defence of
This elicited a number of
the same, 1735, 48, Svo.
answers, a list of which will be found in Dr. Horne's Cat.
of the Queen's Library at Cambridge, and in Watt's Bibl.
Brit. Those who have not time or disposition to read all
these treatises can remember Mr. Bickersteth's hint that
Warren and Law's responses
|
The inquisitive reader who desires to master this cele-
brated Controversy will find a guide in a vol. entitled An
Account of all the considerable Pamphlets that have been
Hitchcock, Henry. The Alabama Justice, 1822, Svo. published on the Present Controversy between the Bishop
Hitchcock, J. Poems, 1812, Svo.
of Bangor and others to 1718, with a Continuation to
Hitchcock, John. A Sanctuary for Honest Men; 1719, Svo, 1719-20. Some forty or fifty tracts were pub.
or, an Abstract of Human Wisdom, Lon., 1617, Svo. upon this verata quæstio. As an encouragement (!) to the
Hitchcock, or Hichock, Robert, of Caverfield, reader who is impatient to spend a few winter evenings
Buckingham, a Captain during the Wars in the Low in the digestion of this knotty matter, we quote the ex-
Countries in 1586. 1. A Pollitique Platt, Lon., 1580, 4to.perience of one of our most learned and acute of modern
This is an historical tract. Hibbert, 3940, £1 138. 2. The literary crities:
Quintesence of Wit; trans. out of the Italian tung, 1590,4to.
Hitchcock, Robert. Historical View of the Irish
Stage, Dubl., 1788-94, 2 vols. 12mo.
"A long and celebrated war of pens instantly commenced,
known by the name of the Bangorian Controversy; managed,
perhaps on both sides. with all the chicanery of polemical writers,
and disgusting both from its tediousness, and from the manifest
unwillingness of the disputants to speak ingenuously what they
Hitchcock, Thomas, D.D. Serm., 2 Pet. ii. 5, Oxf.,
1761, Svo.
"Sufficiently show the nature of and answer Bishop Hoadly's
work."-Christian Student.
But the most memorable warfare in which Hoadly was
engaged was that known as the Bangorian Controversy.
This was elicited by a sermon, preached before the king
in 1717. on St. John xviii. 36: My kingdom is not of this
(6
world:"
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看好
​The manner in which he explained the text was, that the
clergy had no pretensions to any temporal jurisdictions; but this
was answered by Dr. Snape. [Letter to the Bishops of Bangor,
1717. Svo:] and, in the course of the debate, the argument in-
sensibly changed from the rights of the clergy to that of princes,
in the government of the church. Bishop Hoadly strenuously
maintained that temporal princes had a right to govern in eccle-
siastical politics. His most able opponent was the celebrated
William Law. (The Bishop of Bangor's Late Sermon and his Letter
to Dr. Snape in defence of it answered. 1717, Svo,] who, in some
material points, may be said to have gained a complete victory.”
meant."
Then follows this note:
forty or fifty tracts, and consuming a good many hours on the
"These qualities are so apparent, that after turning over some
Bangorian Controversy, I should find some difficulty in stating
with decision the propositions in dispute.”—Hullam's Constit.
Ilist. of England, ed. 1854; iii. 243-244. Read the whole of these
remarks, which throw considerable light upon the subject.
Bishop Hoadly's Sermons (1754-55, 2 vols. 8vo: Dis-
courses, 4th ed., 1734, 8vo; and see his collected Works)
are highly valued :
"Hoadly is very exact and judicious, and both his essence and
style just, close, and clear."-DR. WATERLAND.
As regards style, Pope complains of his long sentences:
"Swift for closer style,
But Hoadly for a period of a mile."
But the reader must also peruse Akenside's Compli
mentary Ode to Hoadly.
Hoadly, Benjamin, M.D., 1706-1757, eldest fon
of the preceding, and a native of London, educated at
Bene't College, Cambridge, wrote the famous comedy of
The Suspicious Husband, 1747, 8vo; assisted Hogarth in
bis Analysis of Beauty; wrote Three Lects. on The Or-
gans of Respiration, 1737, pub. 1746, 4to; pub. a medical
oration, 1742, 8vo; and gave to the world, in association
with Mr. Wilson, Electrical Experiments, 1756, 4to. Sce
Biog. Brit.; Biog. Dramat.
Hoadly, Charles J., State Librarian, Connecticut.
Records of the Colony or Jurisdiction of New Haven,
from May, 1653, to the Union: together with the New Ilaven
Code of 1656, Hartford, 1858, Svo. See (N. York) Hist.
Mag., Oct. 1858, 317.
Hoadly, John, D.D., d. 1747. Bishop of Leighlic
and Ferns, 1727; trans. to Dublin, 1729; and to the arch-
bishopric of Armagh, 1742. Occasional Serms., 1704-17.
Hoadly, John, LL.D., 1711-1776, youngest son of
Bishop Hoadly, was educated at Corpus Christi College,
852
HOA
HOB
Cambridge, became Preb. of Westminster, and received
other preferments. 1. Love's Revenge; a Pastoral, 1737,
4to. 2. Jephtha; an Oratorio, 1737. 8vo. 3. Phoebe: a
Pastoral, 1748, 8vo. 4. The Force of Truth; an Oratorio,
1764.
He wrote a number of poems in Dodsley's Collection,
pub. his father's works, (ante,) and is supposed to have
assisted his brother in The Suspicious Husband. He also
revised Lillo's Arden of Feversham, wrote the 5th act of
Miller's Mahomet, and left some dramatic works in MS.
See Biog. Dramat.; Dodsley's Collection of Poems.
Hoadly, Loammi Ives, b. at Northford, Conn.,
1790, graduated at Yale College, 1817; studied theology
at Andover, and was one year Resident Licentiate on the
Abbot Foundation; supplied the Old South Church, Boston,
for the most of that year; for four years pastor of the,
Waldo Calvinist Church, Worcester, Mass.; has had'
charge of several churches in New England; was for one
year Winter Instructor in Sacred Rhetoric in the absence
of Professor Porter; assistant editor of the Comprehen-
sive Commentary of the Bible; (see ARNALD, RICHARD ;)
edited the 6th vol. of the Spirit of the Pilgrims; edited
for many years most of the works pub. by the Mass. Sab-
bath-School Society; author of an Essay pub. in Tucker's
work on Predestination; contributor to Mothers' Maga-
zine, Christian Spectator, and various religious publica-
Hoadly, Samuel. The Accidence, in Questions and
The Accidence, in Questions and
Auswers, Lon., 1683, 1737, Svo.
Hoar, Leonard, M.D., d. 1675, aged about 45, Presi-
dent of Harvard College, 1672-75, wrote an excellent
letter to Josiah Flint, giving him direction in his studies,
pub. in the Mass. Hist. Collec. See Magnalia; Mass. Hist.
Collec., vi. 100-108.
tions.
Hoard, Samuel, d. 1657, Rector of Moreton, Essex.
1. God's Love to Mankind manifested by disproving his
absolute Decree for their Damnation, 1633, 4to. Anon.
Answered by Bishop John Davenant, Camb., 1641, Svo,
and by Dr. Wm. Twisse, Oxf., 1653, fol. Hoard's sermon
is very rarely met with. 2. Serm., Lon., 1636, Svo. 3. The
Church's Authority asserted in a Serm. on 1 Cor. xiv. 40,
1637, 4to; and in Dr. Geo. Hickes's Tracts, 1709, Svo, p.
190.
Hoare, Hon. Charles. Divine Meditations; with
a Daily Directory, 1804, 12mo.
Hoare, Charles James, Vicar of Godstone, Arch-
deacon of Surrey, and Canon of Winchester, formerly of
St. John's College, Cambridge, and Vicar of Blandford
Forum, Dorset. 1. Serms. on the Christian Character, &c.,
1821, 8vo; 3d ed.. 1822, Svo.
"Ardent piety without enthusiasm, discretion without coldness,
and orthodoxy without bigotry."-Lon. Chris. Observer,
1
the following:-1. The Itinerary of Archbishop Baldwin
through Wales; trans. into English, and illustrated with
Views, Annotations, and a Life of Giraldus, Lon., 1806, 2
vols. 4to. See BARRY, GIRALD, p. 134. See also Edin.
Rev., viii. 399-413. 2. A Tour through the Isle of Elba,
1814, r. 4to. 3. A Classical Tour through Italy, 1819, 2
vols. 4to; an ed. in 3 vols. 8vo. See EUSTACE, JOHN
CHETWODE, p. 563-564. 4. The History of Ancient Wilt-
shire, 1810-21, 5 Pts. imp. fol.; often bound in 2 vols.,
£21; large-paper copies, £31 108. Sir Richard now com-
menced, assisted by able coadjutors, The Modern History
of South Wiltshire, of which Pt. 1-The Hundred of Mere-
Bound in
was pub. in 1822, and the last portion in 1843.
6 vols. fol., £42; large paper, £74. At the present date
(1856) only about 20 perfect copies remain in the handa
of the publishers,-Messrs. Nichols of London. These they
offer at £30 for small paper; £60 for large-paper copies,
bound either in 5 very large vols. or in 12 smaller ones.
Sir Richard did not live to see this great work completed,
nor was he able to include, as he had designed, the mo-
dern history of North Wiltshire. May we not yet hope
for such a supplement as he would have rejoiced to see?
His principal assistants in the Modern History of South
Wiltshire were the Lord Arundell of Wardour, the Rev.
John Offer; H. Wansey, Esq.; R. Harris, Esq.; C. Bowles,
Esq.; W. H. Black, Esq.; George Matcham, Esq., LL.D.,
of Newhouse; R. Benson, Esq.; H. Hatcher, Esq.; and
J. G. Nichols, Esq. We have already indicated our appre-
ciation of enlightened topographical investigations of this
character in our notice of George Baker's Hist. and Antiq.
Sir Richard collected a
of Northamptonshire, p. 103.
museum of curiosities of great value: see Gent. Mag.,
1846, Pt. 1, 73.
1846, Pt. 1, 73. See also Dibdin's Lib. Comp. for an ac-
count of his library, of which he printed two partial cata-
logues,-Hist. and Topog. of Italy, 1812, r. Svo, Hist. and
Topog. of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, 1815,
Svo,-both privately printed for presents: 12 copies of the
former, 25 of the latter.
:
Hoare, Robert J. Fast Serm., 1807.
2. The Course of Divine Judgments: 8 Lects. in Advent,
1831, Svo; 1832. 3. Principles of the Tracts for the Times,
1841, Svo. 4. Office of Public Infant Baptism illustrated
and explained, 1848, fp. Svo.
"A valuable accession to our popular theology."-Ch. of Eng.
Quar. Rev.
Archdeacon Hoare has also pub. several occasional
serms., &c.
Hoare, Edward, incumbent of Christ's Church,
Ramsgate, has pub. The Scriptural Principles of our Pro-
testant Church, Lon., 1845, 18mo; 1847, 12mo; and other
works.
Hoare, George Richard. 1. Modern Europe in
Miniature, 1811, 18mo. 2. The Young Traveller; a Tale,
1812, 18mo.
Hoare, John. Serms., 1815, Svo.
Hoare, Nicholas. Features of the Gospel, 1806, Svo.
Hoare, Peter Richard. Treatises on subjects of
Political Economy, 1811, '12, '13, '16. See Watt's Bibl.
Brit.
Hoare, Prince, 1755-1834, Secretary to the Royal
Academy, a painter and dramatic author, b. in Bath,
England, wrote twenty plays, several treatises on the fine
arts, Memoirs of Granville Sharp, Esq., &c., pub. 1788-
1828. See Biog. Dramat.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lon. Gent.
Mag., June, 1835.
Hoare, Richard. A Journal of his Shrievalty in
1740-41, from his own MS., Bath, 1815, r. 4to. Privately
printed by Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Bart.
Hoare, Sir Richard Colt, Bart., 1758-1838, an
eminent antiquary, the eldest son of Sir Richard Hoare,
he first baronet, was the author of several valuable publica-
tions, some of the most important of which we have already
noticed. A list of his works, with a biography of the writer,
will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1838. We instance
Hoare, Rev. William Henry, late Fellow of St.
John's College, Cambridge. 1. The Harmony of the Apo-
calypse, &c., Lon., 1848, r. Svo.
calypse, &c., Lon., 1848, r. Svo. 2. Outlines of Eccles.
Hist. before the Reformation, 1852, 18mo.
Hobart, Sir Henry, Lord Chief-Justice of the Court
of Common Pleas temp. James I. Reports in the reign of
K. James I., with some few Cases in the reign of Q. Eliza-
beth, Lon., 1641, 4to; 1650, 71, 78, '83, fol. New ed.,
with addits., by Edward Chilton, 1724, fol. 1st Amer.
from the last English ed., by Judge J. M. Williams, Bost.,
1829, Svo. The Amer. ed. is on the whole preferable to
the best English ed.-that of 1724; but Judge Williams
has unfortunately left out several cases which he deemed
of not much importance to the American lawyer. This
omission is to be much regretted, and it involves the ne-
cessity of purchasing both eds. Professor Greenleaf con-
templated editing Hobart's Reports, but relinquished the
design and gave his notes to Judge Williams, who has
inserted them in the early part of his ed. See Judge
Story's Miscell. Writings, 1852, 274; Marvin's Leg. Bibl.,
389-390, and authorities there cited. An interesting
biographical notice of Judge Hobart will be found in
Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 162–167.
"A most learned, prudent, and religious judge."-LORD COKE.
“A great loss to the community.”—SIR HENRY SPELMAN.
Hobart, John Heury, D.D., 1775-1830, a native of
Philadelphia, descended from Joshua Hobart, one of the
early settlers of Massachusetts Bay, graduated at Prince-
ton College, New Jersey, in 1793, and was appointed tutor
in that institution in 1796; ordained by Bishop White in
1798, and stationed successively at Trinity Church, Ox-
ford, All-Saints' Church, Pequestan, Christ Church, New
Brunswick, a country parish at Hempstead, Long Island,
and at Trinity Church, New York; elected Assistant Bishop
of New York, 1811; sole Bishop, 1816. He was also Pro-
fessor of Theology and Eloquence in the General Pro-
testant Episcopal Seminary, New York, of which he was
one of the principal founders. During his
During his ministry at
Hempstead, Long Island, he married a daughter of the
Rev. Dr. Thomas B. Chandler, the well-known advocate of
Episcopacy in the early ecclesiastical annals of America,
(Tracts, pub. 1767-74.) 1. Companion for the Altar, N.
York, 1804; 13th ed., 1840, Svo. Edited by Rev. J. Col-
lingwood, Lon., 1849, 18mo. 2. Companion for the Festi-
vals and Fasts, N. York, 1804; 21st ed., 1856, er. Svo.
3. Apology for Apostolic Order, 1807. New ed., 1844, Svo.
Originally pub. as a reply to the comments of the Rev.
John M. Mason, in the Christian Magazine. 4. Charge to
$53
HOB
HOB
the Clergy, 1815. 5. State of Departed Spirits, &c., new
cá., 1846, 12mo. Originally appended to No. 4. 6. Address
to the New York Bible and C. P. Book Society, 1815. 7.
Thanksgiving Sermon. S. Address to the Episcopal Mis-
sionary Society, 1817. 9. Communicant's Manual, 32mo.
10. Revision of Claude on the Composition of a Sermon.
11. Serms. on Redemption, &c., Lon., 1824, 2 vols. 8vo;
N. York, 1824, 2 vols. 8vo. 12. A Discourse comparing the
U. States with England, &c., 1826, 8vo; 2 eds. pub. in N.
York; Lon., 1826, '28, 8vo. The 2d N. York ed. has some
addit. notes. 13. The Clergyman's Companion, edit. by Bp.
1. S. Ives, N. York; new ed., 1855, 12mo. 14. The Chris-
tian's Manual of Faith and Devotion, 1850, 12mo. 15. An
edit. of D'Oyly and Mant's Commentary on the Bible,
1818-20, 2 vols. 4to. Already noticed by us: see D'OYLY,
GEORGE, D.D., p. 518. 16. Posthumous Works, with a
Memoir by Rev. Wm. Berrian, 1833, 3 vols. 8vo. See also
The Early, Professional, and Closing Years of Bishop Ho-
bart, by Rev. John McVickar, Prot. Epis. Press; also Ox-50,
ford, 1838, Svo, with a Pref. containing a Hist. of the Ch. in
America, by W. F. Hook, D.D., Vicar of Leeds. And see a
Memoir of Bishop Hobart, by Rev. Dr. Schroeder, N. York,
12mo.
Bishop Hobart was a zealous advocate for the necessity
of Episcopal ordination, and had (as we have seen) a con-
troversy on this subject with the Rev. John M. Mason, D.D.,
of New York, and also (in 1811) with the Rev. J. C. Jones,
an Episcopal clergyman. Dr. Mason's work, entitled
Claims to Episcopacy Refuted, in a Review of the Essays
of Bp. Hobart, &c., was pub., Lon., 1838, 12mo, with an
Introduction and Appendix, by the Rev. John Blackburn,
of Pentonville.
"His Pastoral Charges in defence of the leading doctrines, the
polity and orders, of the Christian Church, are very argumentative
and conclusive, and much admired. . . . The writings of Bp. Hobart
have not been unappreciated in England. But his writings are
only a small portion of the services he rendered to his generation;
he was born to act rather than to write. His deeds are ably nar-
rated by Dr. Berrian, a judicious friend and near connection of the
deceased Bishop.”—Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 656, $33.
See Lon. Gent. Mag., March, 1831; New Haven Chris.
Month. Spec., ix. 79; by L. Bacon, ib. x. 142.
Hobart, Nehemiah, 1648-1712, minister of Newton,
Mass., pub. a serm. on The Absence of the Comforter.
Hobart, Noah, d. 1773, aged 67, minister of Fairfield,
Conn., pub. several serms., &c., 1747–61.
Hobart, W. C. E. Analysis of Butler's Analogy of
Religion, N. York, 18mo.
of which he had been the object of affectionate care and
princely patronage. He was the intimate friend of Lord
Herbert of Cherbury, Ben Jonson, and Lord Bacon, and
is said to have assisted the latter in translating some of
his works into Latin. An interesting account of his habits
during his last years will be found in Bishop White Ken-
net's Memoirs of the Cavendish Family, and detailed
notices of his publications and literary controversies in
the authorities subjoined. Among the principal works of
this celebrated philosopher are-1. Hist. of the Peloponne-
sian War, Lon., 1628, 34, 76, fol.; 1723, 2 vols. 8vo.
The Translation of Thucydides, as he himself boasts, was
published to show the evils of popular government."-SIR JAMES
MACKINTOSH: 2d Prelim. Dissert. to Encyc. Bril.
in Devonshire. This is a long Latin poem.
2. De Mirabilibus Pecei; being the Wonders of the Peak
In Latin,
1636, '66, Svo; 1675, 4to. In English and Latin, 1678,
Svo. 3. Elementa Philosophia, seu Politica de Cive, Paris,
1642, 4to: for private distribution. Pub., Amst., 1617,
'60, 69, 12mo. See No. 6.
See No. 6. 4. Human Nature; or,
the Fundamental Principles of Policy concerning the Fa-
culties and Passions of the Human Soul, Lon., 1650, '51,
12mo. This has been called the ablest of his writings.
See No. 6. 5. De Corpore Politico; or, the Elements of
Law, Moral and Politick, 1650, Svo. See No. 6.
See No. 6. 6. Le-
viathan; or, the Matter, Formne, and Power of a Common-
wealth, Ecclesiastical and Civill, 1651, Svo, fol. In Latin,
1668, 4to; Amst., 1670, 4to. This work may be called an
amplification of Nos. 3, 4, and 5; and is "so constructed
as to form a complete digest of all his opinions, religious,
moral, and theological."
C
In 1651 the complete system of his philosophy was given to
the world in the Leviathan. These three works Nos. 3, 5, and 6]
bear somewhat the same relation to one another that the Advance
ment of Learning does to the treatise De Augmentis Scientiarum;
they are in effect the same; the same order of subjects, the samo
arguments, and in most places either the same words, or such
variations as occurred to the second thoughts of the writer; but
much is more copiously illustrated and more clearly put in the
latter than in the former, while much also, from whatever cause,
is withdrawn or considerably modified."—Hullam's Lit. Ifist, of
Europe, ed. 1854. ii. 530.
As regards politics, the Leviathan advocates the un-
which must be kept in chains: in point of morals, his prin-
limited power of princes; the Leviathan is the body politie,
ciples tend to "confound all distinctions between right
wrong, and indirectly to undermine the foundations
of all religion, natural and revealed." Such doctrines
were hailed with delight by the advocates of despotism,
and libertines of all classes were glad to find an apology
for their vices in the teachings of a philosopher who en-
The rapid circulation of
so dangerous a work elicited the watchful care of the
guardians of public morals and the press. An amusing
chronicler of the day furnishes us with an appropriate
note upon this head:
C
کو
Hobart, or Hobert. See HUBERT.
Hobbes, James R. Picture Collector's Manual,
adapted to the Professional Man and the Amateur; being joyed the reputation of a sage.
a Dictionary of Painters, Lon., 1849, 2 vols. 8vo. This is
a valuable work. See SPOONER, SHEARJASHUB, M.D.
Hobbes, S. Trans. of Cornelius Shilander his Chi-
rurgerie, &c., Lon., 1546, 4to.
Hobbes, Thomas, 158S-1679, a native of Malmes-
bury, Wiltshire, where his father was minister, was edu-
cated at the grammar-school of that place, and at Magda-
len Hall, Oxford. In 1608 he became domestic tutor to
Lord Cavendish, son of the Earl of Devonshire, with
whom he travelled in France and Italy. On his return he
became secretary to his ward, on his succeeding to his
father's honours; but the death of the former, in 1628, |
dissolved a connexion which had been maintained for
twenty years, and Hobbes was easily persuaded again to
leave his country as a companion to the son of Sir Gervase
Clifton. In 1631 he was solicited by the countess-dowager
of Devonshire to return to England and assume the care
of the young earl, then thirteen years of age, and he com-
plied with this request. This arrangement led to a third
visit to the Continent, where he resided with his new pupil
from 1634 to 1637. Hobbes again returned to Paris, from
political apprehensions, in 1641, and remained there until
after the publication of his Leviathan. In 1647 he was
In 1647 he was
appointed mathematical tutor to the Prince of Wales,
(afterwards Charles II.,) then resident in Paris. After
the publication of his Leviathan, which appeared in 1651,
he returned to England, and henceforth passed his sum-
mers at the Earl of Devonshire's seat in Derbyshire, and
his winters in town. In 1674, having attained the great
age of 86, he bade a last farewell to London, and retired
to the residence of his patron, the Earl of Devonshire, in
Derbyshire, to spend the rest of his days in seclusion.
Here he remained in "ease and plenty," devoting the
"morning to exercise and the afternoon to his studies,"
until his death in 1879, in the ninety-second year of his
age, and about seventy-two years from the date of his first
connexion with the illustrious family to three generations
851
I
To my booksellers for Hobbes's Leviathan, which is now
mightily called for, and what was heretofore sold for 8s., I now
give 24s. at the second hand, and is sold for 30s.. it being a book
the Bishop will not let be printed again."-Sept. 3, 1668: Pepys's
Diary.
The defenders were not backward in exposing the ab-
surdity and mischievous tendency of such speculations:
atheistic and immoral theories of the Leviathan," (Hullam's Lut.
“Cudworth was one of those whom Hobbes bad roused by the
Hist. of Europe, iii. 304,)
and we have already had occasion to notice his masterly
vindication of correct principles, (see CuDWORTH, RALPH,
p. 457.) Nor should we omit to notice Cumberland's De
Legibus Naturæ, or Lord Clarendon's Survey of the Le-
viathan. But at the close of this article, where we shall
have something more to say respecting the character of
Hobbes's political and moral philosophy, we shall give a list
of the principal opponents of his pernicious speculations.
7. Letter about Liberty and Necessity, Lon., 1654, 12mo.
This elicited a controversy with Archbishop Bramhall (see
BRAMHALL, JOHN, D.D., p. 238) and Bishop Laney. Hobbies
pub. an account of his controversy with Bramhall, in 1656,
4to, and of that with Laney, in 1670, 12mo. S. Elementorum
Philosophie: Sectio prima, de Corpore, iv. partibus, 1655,
Svo; in English, 1656, 4to: Sectio secunda, 1657, 4to;
Amst., 1668, 4to. This led to a twonty years' controversy
between Hobbes and Dr. Wallis, Savilian Professor of
Geometry at Oxford, in which Hobbes made himself the
laughing-stock of the mathematicians of the day, but
would never acknowledge his defeat. He declared that
he had discovered the quadrature of the circle, and all evi-
dence to the contrary was answered by the foulest personal
abuse. In defence of his untenable position, he pub. a
number of treatises which gratified his spleen if they did
not convince his opponents. An account of this war will
i
HOB
HOB
be found in Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors. 9. The Voyage
of Ulysses; or, Homer's Odysses, books ix., x., xi., xii., in
English, Lon., 1674, 8vo. 10. The Iliads and Odysses of
Homer, in English, with a Pref., 1675, 77, 12mo.
this translation, condemned by Pope and Beattie, three
large edits. were called for in less than ten years.
the principles of moral approbation, the notions of good and i!l
desert. in a servile idolatry of the monstrous Leviathan it creates,
and, after sacrificing all right at the altar of power, denies to the
Omnipotent the prerogative of dictating the laws of his on wor
ship."-Hallam's Lil. Hist. of Europe, ed. 1854, ii. 542.
Of
See also an able review of the writings of Hobbes, in
the Brit. Quar. Rev., vi. 155-188; and respecting our au-
thor generally, in addition to the authorities just cited,
"His poetry, as well as Ogilby's, is too menn for criticism.”—Pope.
Pope declares that Hobbes continually lops off circum-consult Biog. Brit.; General Diet.; Burnet's Own Times;
stances, and now and then omits whole similes and sen-
tences.
"Though called a translation of Homer, it does not even deserve
the name of poem."-Beullie's Essay on Poetry and Music.
Hobbes thus apologized for his translation:
"Why then did I write it?-Because I had nothing else to do.
Why publish it ?-Because I thought it might take off my adver-
Karies from shewing their folly upon my more serious writings."
--Hobbes to the Reader.
11. Decameron Physiologicum; or, Ten Dialogues of
Natural Philosophy, &c., 1678, 8ro. 12. Vita Thomæ
Hobbes; a Latin Poem, 1679, 4to; in English verse, also
by himself, 1680, fol.; in prose, 1681, Svo; 1682, 4to:
Carolop., 1681, 8vo; 1682, 8vo. This Life was written in
his 85th year. 13. Behemoth the Hist. of the Civil
Wars of England from 1640 to 1660, Lon., 1679, 8vo.
"This history is in dialogue. and full of paradoxes. like all his
other writings. More philosophical. political,—or any thing, rather
than historical; yet full of shrewd observations."-Bishop War-
BURTON.
14. Historia Ecclesiastica Carmine Elegiaco concinnata.
Aug. Trinob., [i.e. London.] 1688, Svo; in English, entit.
a True Eccles. Hist. from Moses to Luther; in verse, &c.,
Lon., 1722, Svo.
"Thought is free," he tells us; "but when it comes to confession
of faith, the private reason must submit to the public,-that is to
say, to God's lieutenant.”—De Cive; Leviathan.
The mischievous effects of his doctrines in his own
generation are graphically described by Mr. Macaulay in
his History of England, now passing through the press,
(see vol. i. chap. 2;) and the philosophers of our own
day have confirmed the censure which rebuked the first
publication of his errors:
"Before dismissing the system of Hobbes, it may be worth while
to remark that all his leading principles are traced by Cudworth
to the remains of the ancient sceptics, by some of whom, as well
as by Hobbes, they seem to have been adopted from a wish to flatter
the uncontrolled passions of sovereigns.”—Dugald STEWART: 1st
Prelim. Dissert. to Encyc. Brit.
Blount's Censura Celebriorum Authorum; Life, prefixed to
Wood's Annals; Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Leland's
Deistical Writers; Aubrey's Letters, 1813, 3 vols. 8vo;
Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Brucker's
Hist. Philos.; Cousin's Course of the Hist. of Mod. Philos.;
Mill's Logic; Brougham's Polit. Philos.; Morell's Hist.
of Mod. Philos.; Butler's Lects. on Ancient Philos.;
Blakey's Hist. of Philos.; Lewes's Biog. Hist. of Philos.;
Landor's Imaginary Conversations; Cunningham's Biog.
Hist. of Eng.; McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.; Black-
wood's Mag., xvii. 736; xix. 583; xxi. 205; xxviii. 646;
xxix. 775, 848.
"Hobbes having thus struck the affections out of his map of
human nature, and having totally misunderstood (as will appear
in a succeeding part of this Dissertation) the nature even of the
appetites, it is no wonder that we should find in it not a trace of
the moral sentiments. Moral good he considers merely as con-
sisting in the signs of a power to produce pleasure; and repent-
ance is no more than regret at having missed the way; so that,
according to this system, a disinterested approbation of and re
verence for virtue are no more possible than disinterested affec-
tions towards our fellow-creatures.”—SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: 2
Prelim. Dissert. to Encyc. Brit.
"The political system of Hobbes, like his moral system. of
which, in fact, it is only a portion, sears up the heart. It takes
away the sense of wrong, that has consoled the wise and good in
their dangers, the proud appeal of innocence under oppression,
like that of Prometheus to the elements, uttered to the witnessing
world, in coming ages, to the just ear of Heaven. It confounds,
A man of such remarkable mental ability and uncom-
mon intellectual force could not but command a respectful
hearing, even from those who the most deeply regretted the
mischievous character of his speculations. His most illus-
trious opponent approaches the lists not without undis-
guised hesitation:
"Auctor maxime contra Pontiff. Rom. ejusque potestatem
disputat, Patres Nicænos acerbe perstringit, monstratque se ab
indifferentismo religionum haud alienum est."-WALCH.
Hobbes had pub. in Amsterdam, in 1668, 2 vols. 4to,
Opera Philosophica quæ Latine scripsit omnia. This is a
beautiful edit. There appeared in 1715, Lon., fol., his
Moral and Political Works, with Life, &c., with a Supp.,
by Dr. Blackbourne, &c. But a complete collection of bis
Works, now first collected and edited by Sir William Moles-bright
worth, Bart., M.P., was pub. in 1839-45, 16 vols. Svo, £S;
or The English Works, in 11 vols., £5 108.; Latin Works,
in 5 vols., £2 Se. The principal writers against Hobbes
are Lords Clarendon, Shaftesbury, and Kames; Arch-
bishops Bramhall and Tenison; Bishops Cumberland,
Butler, Laney, and Lucy; Drs. Cudworth, Eachard, Par-
ker, Henry Moore, Hutcheson, and Samuel Clarke; Sir
James Mackintosh, James Harrington, Dugald Stewart,
Smith, and Brown. It is almost needless to state that
such an array of talent was hardly necessary for the con-
futation of the sophisms and absurdities which mingle so
strangely with the evidences of uncommon acumen and
philosophical shrewdness which so eminently distinguished
the intellectual speculations of this great writer. His in-
consistency was not confined to his writings; for he was
in the habit of the frequent reception of the eucharist,
whilst promulgating opinions subversive of Christianity:
which reminds us of his declaration that "Holy Scripture
is the voice of God, ruling all things by the greatest right,"
whilst he yet taught men to cast the Scriptures to the winds
at the command of their earthly ruler.
"Mr. Hobbes is one of the oldest friends I have in the world,
and for whom I have always had a great esteem, as a man who,
besides bis eminent learning and knowledge, has been always
thought a man of probity and free from scandal; but when I re
flected upon the mischievous principles scattered through his
Leviathan, I felt myself obliged to make these animadversions
upon it."-Clarendon's Survey, p. 3.
An eminent prelate, and a most unscrupulous “man of
war from his youth," displays no indisposition to allow
the philosopher all that he could justly claim:
"Ilere let us do justice to that great man's memory, at a time
when his writings seem to be entirely neglected. who, with all his
errors, we must allow to be one of the first men of his age for a
wit, a deep penetration, and a cultivated understanding."
-BISHOP WARBURTON.
Mr. Mill, who was one of the first to call the attention
of modern readers to the writings of this philosopher.
remarks:
“Hobbes is a great name in philosophy, on account both of the
value of what be taught, and the extraordinary impulse which he
communicated to the spirit of Free Inquiry in Europe."
To the same effect, Mr. Hallam observes:
"In nothing does Hobbes deserve more credit than in having
set an example of close observation in the philosophy of the hu-
man mind."-Lit. Hist. of Europe.
Mr. Macaulay, also, referring to the young men of dis-
tinguished talents who were sometimes the companions of
Bacon's retirement, remarks that
"Among them his quick eye soon discerned the superior abilities
of Thomas Hobbes. It is not probable, however, that he fully ap-
preciated the powers of his disciple, or foresaw the vast influence
both for good and evil which that most vigorous and acute of hu-
man intellects was destined to exercise on the two succeeding
generations."-Edin. Rev., July. 1837 ; and in the Essays, ii. 193.
Again, in the History of England, the same learned
critic tells us that
"Thomas Hobbes had, in language more precise and luminous
than has ever been employed by any other metaphysical writer,
maintained that the will of the prince was the standard of right
and wrong.”—Vol. i. chap. 11.
"Thomas Hobbes, a man of much learning, more thinking, and
not a little knowledge of the world. was one of the most celebrated
and admired authors of his age. Ilis style is incomparably better
than that of any other writer in the reign of Charles I., and was,
for its uncommon strength and purity, scarce equalled in the suc-
ceeding reign.”—Granger: Biog. Hist. of Eng.
The popularity of this writer was undoubtedly greatly
owing to this remarkable purity of style:
"A permanent foundation of his fame remains in his admirable
style, which seems to be the very perfection of didactic language.
Short, clear, precise, pithy, his language never has more than one
meaning, which it never requires a second thought to take. By
the help of his exact method it takes so firm a hold on the mind,
that it will not allow attention to slacken."-SIR JAMES MACKIN-
TOSH: ubi supra.
"Ilis language is so lucid and concise, that it would be almost
as improper to put an algebraical process in different terms as
some of his metaphysical paragraphs."-IALLAM: ubi supra.
As a political economist, also, the claims of our author
are not to be forgotten:
6.
·Hobbes seems to have been one of the first who had any thing
like a distinct perception of the real source of wealth."-McCul-
loch's Lit, of Polit. Econ., Q. V.
With such powers for extensive usefulness to his race,
how melancholy is it to be obliged to record of this great
philosopher, in the language of Hume, (certainly not a
suspicious witness,) that
"
Hobbes's politics are fitted only to promote tyranny, and his
ethics to encourage licentiousness."—Hist. of England, Bowyer's
ed., iv. €69.
855
HOB
HOD
Hobbs, Stephen. Margarita Chirurgica, Lon., 1610,
12mo. In English.
Hobby, William, minister of Reading, Mass., d.
1765, aged 57, pub. a serm. and several theolog. treatises,
1745, 46, 47, '51.
Hobby. See HOBY.
Hobhouse, Sir Benjamin, 1757-1831, M.P., edu-
cated at Brazenose College, Oxford, was from 1797 to 1818
a distinguished member of the House of Commons, and
filled several important posts. 1. Treat. on Heresy, Lon.,
1792, 8vo. 2. Reply to Randolph's Lett. to Dr. Priestley,
&c., 1793, Svo. 3. Enquiry rel. to crime of Compassing,
&c. the King's Death, 1795, Svo. 4. Remarks on several
Parts of France, Italy, &c., 1783-85, Bath, 1796, Svo. See
Lon. Gent. Mag., Oct. and Dec. 1831.
Hobhouse, Sir John Cam, M.P., son of the pre-
ceding, was created a peer in 1851, by the title of Lord
Broughton. 1. Imitations and Trans. from the Classics,
with orig. Poems, Lon., 1809, Svo. 2. Journey through
Albania and other Provinces of Turkey, with Lord Byron,
1812, 4to; 2d ed., 1813, 2 vols. 4to; with col'd plates, £5 58.
"An account which. interesting from its own excellence in every
merit that should adern such a work, becomes still more so from
the feeling that Lord Byron is, as it were. present through its pages,
and that we there follow his first youthful footsteps into the land
with whose name he has intertwined his own forever.”—Moore's
Life of Byron.
See Lon. Quar. Rev., x. 175-203; Stevenson's Voyages
and Travels; Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
The 3d ed. of the Journey through Albania, &c. made
its appearance in 1856, 2 vols. 8vo; £1 10s.
"Mr. Hobhouse's account of the country, as it was the first, is
still the best that we possess.”—Lon. Lit. Gazette, 1856.
3. Last Reign of Napoleon, 1816, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. His-
torical Illustrations of the fourth Canto of Childe Harold,
1818, Svo.
He [Lord Byron] talked in terms of high commendation of the
talents and acquirements of Mr. Hobhouse."-Lady Blessington's
Conversations with Lord Byron.
1.
My friend II. is the most entertaining of companions, and a
fine fellow to boot."-Lord BYRON: Moore's Life of Byron, q. v.
See also Blackw. Mag., xvii. 143; xxvii. 425; xxxv. 63:
Hobhouse's art. on Lord Byron, in Westminster Review;
Dr. R. S. Mackenzie's ed. of Noctes Ambrosianæ, N. York,
1855; his ed. of The O'Doherty Pap., 1855. An article on
Sir John, with a portrait, will be found in Fraser's Mag.,
xiii. 568; see also Blackw. Mag., xxiv. 375; xxvi. 252;
xxix. 654, 663; xxxiii. 425; xxxvii. 442; xli. 840; BYRON.
Hobhouse, Thomas. 1. Elegy to the Memory of
Dr. Samuel Johnson, Lon., 1785, 4to. 2. Kingestown Hill;
a Poem, 1784, 4to. Anon. 2d ed., with author's name, 1787.
Hobler, F. Liber Mercatoris; or, the Merchant's
Manual, Lon., 1838, fp. Svo. On Bills of Exchange, &c.
See 2 Jurist, 352.
Hobler, F., Jr. 1. Exercises between an Attorney
and his Clerk, being the 1st Book of Coke upon Littleton,
&c.; 3d ed., Lon., 1847, 12mo. 2. Practical Treat. on Bills
of Exchange, fp. 8vo.
"A safe guide to the unpractised traveller, as well as of utility
to the man of business.”—Lon. Times.
.
Hoblyn, Richard D. 1. Manual of Chemistry,
Lon., 1841, fp. 8vo. 2. Manual of the Steam Engine,
1842, 12mo. 3. Dict. of Medical Terms, 2d ed., 1844,
12mo; 7th ed., 1855, 12mo. Amer. eds., by ISAAC HAYS,
M.D., q. v., p. 809. 4. Treat. on Chemistry, 1844, 12mo.
"This is an excellent compendium.”—Lon. Lancel.
Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1787, '90,
5. Dict. of Scientific Terms, 1849, 12mo. 6. British
Plants, 1851, 12mo. 7. Treat. on Botany, 1851, 12mo.
Hobson, Capt. Fallacy of Infant Baptism, Lon.,
1645, 4to.
Hobson, John.
both Svo.
Hobson, Joseph. Wonderful Increase of the Seeds
of Plants, e.g. of the Upright Mellon: Phil. Trans., 1742.
Hobson, L. J. Circulation of the Scriptures, 1812.
Hobson, Paul. Extent of Christ's Death, Lon.,
1655, Svo.
Hobson, Samuel. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1848-50.
Hobson, Thomas. Christianity, Lon., 1743 4to.
Hoby, Sir Edward, entered of Trin. Coll., Oxford,
1574, a man of great learning, was the son of Sir Thomas
Hoby. He pub. Purgatorie's Triumph over Hell, 1609,
4to, and several other theolog. treatises; for an account
of which, and their author, see Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.,
ii. 194-197. He was a friend of Camden, who dedicated
his Hibernia to him.
Hoby, Sir Thomas, father of the preceding, and
ambassador for Queen Elizabeth to France, trans. Casti-
gline's Cortegiano into English, under the title of The
Courtyer of Covnt Baldessar Castilio, Lon., 1561, '88, 4to;
and also trans. the Gratulation, &c. of Bucer into Eng.
lish, sine anno, Svo. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., i.
352–353. Respecting the first-named work, Sir John
Cheke wrote Hoby an interesting epistle, in which he
gently censures his use of foreign words.
Hoccham, William of.
William of. See Occam.
Hoceleve, or Occleve, Thomas, an early English
poet, a lawyer, and writer to the privy-seal, is supposed
to have been born about 1370, and to have died in 1454.
Some of his poems were pub. (never before printed) in
1796, 4to, by Mr. George Mason, from a MS. in his pos
session. The Story of Jonathan has been thought his
best poem.
1.
"After the death of Chaucer. in 1400, a dreary blank of long
duration occurs in our aunals. The poetry of occlove is
wretchedly bad, abounding with pedantry, and destitute of all
grace or spirit.”—Hullam's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
See also Pref. to Mason's edit.; Warton's Hist. of Eng.
Poet.; Nott's Dissert. subjoined to the 2d vol. of his
Wyatt and Surrey; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Hochin, or Hockin, Rev. John Pearce. Keates's
Account of the Pellew Islands, 5th ed., Lon., 1803, 4to.
Hochsteller, C., Lutheran pastor, Toledo, Ohio.
Ob Gottes Wort oder Menschen Meinung gelten soll in
der Lehre vom heiligen Abendmahle, N. York, 1856.
Hodden, Richard. The one Good Way of God,
Lon., 1661, 4to.
Hodder, James. Arithmetic, Lon., 1661, 'S7, Svo.
Hoddesdon, Henry. Armory against Satan, Lon.,
1616, Svo.
Hoddesdon, John. 1. Sion and Parnassus, &c.,
Lon., 1650, Svo. 2. Tho. Mori, Vita et Exitus, 1652, Svo.
Hodge. The Scot's Colony at Darien, 1699, Svo.
Hodge, A. Letters belonging to a System of Book-
keeping and Accounts, 1812.
Hodge, Charles, D.D., an eminent theologian, b. in
Philadelphia, Dec. 28, 1797, Professor of Biblical Litera-
ture in the (Presbyterian) Theological Seminary at Prince-
ton, New Jersey, has been connected with that institution
as a professor since 1822, and acted as editor of the Biblical
Repertory and Princeton Review since its establishment
in 1825. 1. Comment. on the Epistle to the Romans; dc-
signed for Students of the English Bible, Phila., 1835,
Svo. Abridged, 1836. Reprint of the Abridgt. by the
Lon. Rel. Tract Soc., 1837, '53, 12mo.
(3
Omitting a few sentences of a local nature.”
Repub. in the Edin. Christian's Fireside Library, 1854,
12mo; 15th Amer. ed., Phila., 1856.
"Very useful.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
"A book on which the Christian world, both in Europe and
America, has placed the stamp of approval.”— Watchman and O's-
server, Richmond, Vu.
|
2. Questions to the Epistle to the Romans, designed to
accompany the Commentary, 1842, 18mo; 10th ed., 1855,
18mo. 3. Constitutional Hist. of the Presbyterian Church
in the United States, 1840, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. The Way of
Life, 18mo. Pub. by the Amer. S. S. Union. Repub. by
the Lon. Rel. Tract Soc., 1842, 18mo; 30th Amer. ed.,
Phila., 1856. 5. What is Presbyterianism? an Address
delivered before the Presbyterian Historical Society,
1855, 18mo. 6. A Commentary on the Epistle to the
Ephesians, N. York, 1856, Svo.
As the reputation of Dr. Hodge as a Biblical scholar and theo-
logian has already been fully established, we need only announce
a new work from his pen to insure its ready reception. Ilis
Commentary on the Ephesians displays the ripe scholarship, the
convincing exegesis, and the practical development, which im-
parted such value to his exposition of the Epistle to the Romans.
It is a book for the study of the scholar, and yet most happily
adapted for the instruction of general readers, by whom it should
be promptly purchased. While we do not regard any man as in-
fallible. we know of no one who is a safer guide to the study of
the Scriptures than Professor Hodge.”—Presbyterian,
7. Commentary on the First Epistle to the Corinthians,
N.Y., 1857, 12mo: see ALEXANDER, Joseph Addison, D.D.
8. Reviews and Essays selected from the Princeton Review,
N.Y., 1857, 8vo. See Horne's Bibl. Bib. for a descriptive
account of the valuable periodical for so many years con-
ducted by Dr. Hodge.—The Biblical Repertory and Prince-
ton Review. The Biblical Repertory was pub. 1825-29 inc. ;
since then it has been a theological Quarterly, entitled The
Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review. Selections from
this journal have been pub. in two vols.. N.Y., Svo, entitled
Princeton Theological Essays. One of the volumes was
repub. in Scotland.
Hodge, John, a Dissenting minister. 1. Serm., Lon.,
1751. 2. Serm., 1751, Svo. 3. XX. Serms. on the Evi-
dences of the Christian Religion, 1758, Svo. 4. LII. Dis-
courses on the Evidences of the Christian Religion, 1758.
8vo.
856
IIOD
HOD
"A valuable set of discourses. They are written in a compre-
hensive, judicious, and nervous manner, and have been highly
spoken of by good judges.”—WALTER WILSON.
|
Hodgkins, George. Methode Pratique, &c., Lon.,
1813, 12mo. This is a reprint of Ciret's Eng. Grammar,
with addits., &c.
"From the Extracts we have given, they shew the Author to
be no mean defender of Christianity."-Lon. Month. Rev.
Hodgskin, Thomas. Travels in the North of Ger-
many, Edin., 1820, 2 vols. 8vo.
5. Serm., 1763, 8vo.
"Mr. II. has given us much information on the agriculture,
state of society, political institutions, manners. &c.; interspersed
with remarks, not in the best taste or indicating the soundest
judgment and principles.”—Stevenson's Voyages and Travels,
The author of these tomes is a man of no small self-conceit.”
-Blackwoods Mug., vi. 536-542: a severe review of the book.
Hodgson. Lett. rel. to a Fishery; 2d ed.. 1787, Svo.
Hodgson. Con. to Med. Chir. Trans., 1813.
Hodgson, Adam, of Liverpool, England. Remarks
during a Journey through N. America in 1819-21, &c.
Collected, arranged, and pub. by Saml. Whiting, N. York,
1823, Svo,pp. 355; Lon., 1824, 2 vols. 8vo.
|
Hodge, Paul R. 1. Principles and Application of
the Steam Engine, Lon., 4to. 2. Treat. on Expansive
Steam Engine, with plates, 1849, 4to; £3 38. plain; £4
48. col'd; Amer. ed., N. York, letter-press, Svo, plates,
fol., $8. A most useful work, which no one interested in
steamers should be without. 3. Hydraulic Table for the
use of Engineers, Lon., 1849.
Hodges, A. D. Genealogical Record of the Hodges
Family in New England, Bost., 1854, 8vo.
Tracts on Polit. Economy, &c.,
Tracts on Polit. Economy, &c.,
Hodges, James.
1697-1710.
Hodges, Charles.
1826, 12mo.
Original Poems, &c., Munich,
Hodges, N. W. Masonic Fragments, Lon., 12mo.
Hodges, Nathaniel, M.D., d. 1684, was noted for
his professional services during the plague in London in
1665. 1. Vindicia Medicinæ et Medicorum, Lon., 1660,
2. Λοιμολογία,
Svo.
sive Pestis nuperæ apud populum
Londinensem grassantis Narratio historica, 1672, Svo. A
trans. into English, by John Quincy, M.D., was pub. in
1721, 8vo. An account of the plague, by Hodges, also,
appeared in a Collect. of Pieces on the subject, 1721, 8vo.
Hodges's descriptions are of great value.
62
He obtained a great name and practice among the citizens."
-Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. iv. 149, q. v. See also Genl. Dict.;
Rees's Cyc.
Strictures on the Elementa
Hodges, Phineas.
Medicinæ of Dr. Brown, Goshen, 1795, 8vo. See BROWN,
JOHN, M.D., p. 258.
Hodges, Richard. 1. Special Help to Orthogra-
phie, Lon., 1643, 4to. Hodges was the Noah Webster of
his day, and anticipated the modern spelling of many
words. 2. Writing of English, 1649, 12mo.
Hodges, Thomas. Fast Serm., Lon., 1642, 4to.
Hodges, Thomas, Rector of Kensington, Middle-
sex. 1. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1655, 4to. 2. Serm., 1660, 4to.
Hodges, Thomas, Rector of Souldern Serms. and
theolog. treatises, 1656-85.
Hodges, Thomas Law, M.P. The Use and Ad-
vantage of Pearson's Draining Plough, Lon., 1840. See
Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Hodges, W. Hist. Acct. of Ludlow Castle, Lon.,
1794, 1803, Svo.
Hodges, Walter, D.D., a Hutchinsonian divine,
Provost of Oriel College, Oxford. 1. Elihu; or, an In-
quiry into the principal Scope and Design of the Book of
Job, Lon., 1750, 4to; 1751, Svo; 3d ed., 1756, 12mo. An
ed., Dubl., 1756, Svo.
"The chief design of this curious work is to show that Elihu
is the Son of God: a discovery which the author imagines throws
great light on the whole book, and solves all the controversies
which have been agitated respecting its doctrines."-Orme's Bibl.
Bib.
See also Warburton's Letters to Hurd, p. 22; Lon.
Month. Rev., O. S., ii. 219–225, 347-352. 2. The Chris-
tian Plan exhibited in the Interpretation of Elohim, 1752,
4to; 2d ed., 1755, Svo. See Darling's Cyc. Bibl., i. 1504.
Hodges, Wickens, Surgeon. Funesta, Passionis
Iliaca Historia, Partiumque Morbosorum post Mortem,
Anatomia. Vide Memoirs Med., 1799.
Hodges, Wm. Tracts rel. to Seamen, &c., Lon.,
1694, '95, '96, '99.
Hodges, Wm. 1. Select Views in India, 1780-S3,
Lon., 1788, 2 vols. imp. fol. 2. Travels in India in 1780-
83, 4to, 1793.
Hodges, Wm., of the Inner Temple. Barrister-at-
Law. 1. Reports C. Pleas, Hil. to Mich. 1835, Lon., 1835,
3vo. 2. Do., H. T. 1835 to M. T. 1837, 3 vols. Svo, 1836- |
39. 3. Law of Assess. of Railways, &c., 1843, 12mo. 4.
Stat. Law rel. to Railways in Eng. and Ire., 1845, Svo.
5. Law rel. to Railways, &c., 1847, 8vo. Amer. ed. now
(1856) in course of preparation at Phila.
Hodgkin, John. Calligraphia Græca et Poecilo-
graphia Græca, Lon., 1807, sm. fol. Also works on Gram-
mar, Geography, and Astronomy.
Hodgkin, Lt.Thomas, R.N. Naval Discipline, 1813.
Hodgkin, Thomas, M.D., of Guy's Hospital. 1.
Preserving Health, 2d ed., Lon., 1841, 12mo. 2. Morbid
Anatomy, Svo: Vol. I., Serous Membranes; Vol. II., Pt.
1, 1840, Mucous Membranes.
"It is in every respect an excellent production."-Brit. and
For. Med. Rev., July, 1837.
Hodgkins, E. Mercantile Letters, Lon., 180S, 12mo.
"His book is creditable to his heart and his principles; we should
be glad if as much could be said of his discretion and judgment."
-JAKED SPARKS: N. Amer. Rev., xviii. 221–234. q. v.
Rev., xl. 427-442; and in Smith's Works, Lon., 1854, ii.
And see art. America, by Rev. Sydney Smith, in Edin.
366-385.
Hodgson, Bernard, LL.D., Principal of Hertford
College. 1. Solomon's Song; trans. from the Hebrew,
Oxf., 1785, 4to.
"In this work the literal meaning only of Solomon's Song is
illustrated, there being not the slightest allusion to its mystical
meaning. An account of it. with extracts, may be seen in the
Monthly Review. (0. S..) vol. lxxvi., pp. 26-29.”—Horne's Bibl. Bib.
See Orme's Bibl. Bib.
2. The Proverbs of Solomon; trans. from the Hebrew,
with Notes, 1788, 4to.
"The translations of the learned Principal throw light on many
passages."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
..
The notes are not numerous, and, we must say, not very im-
portant.”—Lon. Month, Rev.. N. S., v. 294.
3. Ecclesiastes: a new Trans. from the original Hebrew,
Lon., 1791, 4to. See Lon. Month. Rev., N.S., ix. 59; Horne's
Bibl. Bib., 1839, 282-283; Orme's Bibl. Bib., 1824, 242–243.
Hodgson, Christopher. 1. Instruc. for the use of
Candidates for Holy Orders, &c., 1818, Svo; 7th ed., 1850,
Svo. 2. Augmentation of Small Livings, &e., 1826, Svo;
2d ed., 1845, Svo. Mr. H. has also pub. several serms.
and theolog. treatises.
Hodgson, E. Reports of Trials at Old Bailey, 1790–91.
Hodgson, Francis, Provost of Eton College, and
Rector of Cottesford, Oxford, d. 1852, aged 71, well known
as the friend of Lord Byron, pub. a trans. of Juvenal, 180S,
4to; Poems, 1809, Svo: Mythology for Versification, 4
edits.; Sacred Lyrics, 1842, 12mo; Lyricorum Sacrorum,
1850, Svo; and some other works. See Lon. Gent. Mag.,
April, 1853; Moore's Life of Byron.
Hodgson, Francis, D.D., of the Pennsylvania Me-
thodist Conference. 1. An Exam. into the System of New
Divinity, or New School Theology, N. York. 2. The Ec-
clesiastical Polity of Methodism Defended, 18mo. 3. The
Calvinistic Doctrine of Predestination Examined and
Refuted, Philadelphia, 1855, 18mo.
Hodgson, George. Letter to the Inhabitants of St.
Marygate, &c., York, 1836, Svo.
Hodgson, H. J. 1. Analyt. Digest of the State rel.
to Orders of Removal, Lon., 1845, 12mo. 2. Rating of
Railways, 1851, 12mo.
Hodgson, Rev. Henry, M.D. 1. Letters on Popery,
1778, Svo. 2. Serms., 1778, Svo. 3. Effusions in Verse
and Prose, 1779. Svo.
Hodgson, Isaac. 1. Grammar, 1770, '96, 12mo.
2. Serm., 1804.
4to.
Hodgson, James, master of the Royal Mathemat.
School in Christ's Hospital. 1. Treat. on Navigation, 1766,
2. Mathematicks, 1723, 2 vols. 4to. 3. Fluxions,
1736, 4to. 4. Annuities, 1747, Svo. 5. Theory of Jupiter's
Satellites, 1750, 4to. 6. Chronology. 7. Astronom. papers
in Phil. Trans., 1731–49.
Hodgson, John. Report of the Trial of Wemms,
&c.. Bost., 1770. Svo.
Hodgson, John. Ancient Cornelian; Archæol., 1773
Hodgson, John. 1. Poems, Lon., 1807, Svo. 2. Serm.,
1812.
Hodgson, or Hodson, John, D.D. Serms., 1819,
Glasg., both Svo.
Hodgson, John. Funl. Sorm., Lon., 1820, Svo.
Hodgson, John. Memoirs of the Lives of Gibson,
J. Harle, J. Horsley, and W. Turner, Newc., 1821, sm. Svo.
100 copies privately printed for the author.
Hodgson, John. Hist. of Northumberland, 4to,
and large paper, r. 4to: vol. i., Pt. 2, 1827; Pt. 3, 1820:
vol. ii., Pt. 3, 1832; Pt. 3, 1828: vol. iii., Pt. 2, 1841; Pt.
3, 1835, (incomplete.)
857
HOD
HOF
Hodgson, Joseph, Surgeon. 1. Diseases of the
Arteries and Veins, Lon., 1815, 8vo. 2. Engravings to
do., 1815, 4to.
Hodgson, Lucas, M.D. Fire in a Coal Mine; Phil.
Trans., 1676.
Hodgson, Read. Honest Man's Companion, New-
castle-upon-Tyne, 1736, Svo. Very rare. Mr. Brand, the
historian of Newcastle, was unable to procure a copy.
Hodgson, Robert, D.D., Dean of Carlisle, 1820, d.
1844, was a nephew of Bishop Porteus. 1. Serm., Lon.,
1803, Svo. 2. Serm., 1804, 4to. 3. Serm., 1807. 4. Serm.,
1811. 5. Serm., 1816. 6. Serm., 1842. 7. Life of Bp.
Porteus, 1811, Svo. S. Works of Bp. Porteus, 1816, 6
vols. Svo.
Hodgson, Studhome, Capt. 19th Regt. of Foot, R.A.
Truths from the West Indies, Lon., 1838, p. 8vo. This
work and B. McMahon's Jamaica Plantership (1839, 12mo)
are described as
"Birds of a feather; books manufactured on the same model;
furious attacks on the planters, enlivened with horrors to suit all
appetites."-Lon. Athenarum, 1839, p. 131.
Hodgson, Thomas. Reports of Trials; both 1812,Svo.
Hodgson, Wm., M.D. i. Commonwealth of Reason,
Lon., 1795, Svo. 2. System of Nature, 1795, Svo. 3. Temple
of Apollo; Poems, 1796, Svo.
1
Hodgson, Wm. French Grammars, 1817, '18.
Hodgson, Wm., Jr., of Philadelphia. An Exami-
nation of the Memoirs and Writings of J. J. Gurney,
Phila., 1856.
Hodius. Anglicé HODY.
Hodskinson, Joseph. Instructions to Farmers rel.
to Arable Lands, &c., Lon., 1796, 8vo.
"General directions on various points of occurrence.”—Donald- |
son's Agricult. Biog.
|
Hodson, Frodsham, D.D., Principal of Brazenose
Coll., Oxf. Eternal Filiation of the Son of God, 1796, Svo.
Hodson, George, Archdeacon of Stafford. 1. 12
Serms. on Christian Temper, &c., Lon., 1828, '29, 12mo.
2. 27 Discourses, Birming., Svo. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib.,
915. Other publications.
Hodson, James, M.D. Theolog. treatises, 1787-1801.
Hodson, John, D.D. See HODGSON.
Hodson, Mrs. Margaret, formerly Miss Holford,
a daughter of Mrs. M. Holford, ( post,) of Chester, England.
1. Wallace, or the Flight of Falkirk; a Poem, Lon., 1809,
4to; IS10, 8vo. Anon. 2. Miscellaneous Poems, 1811, Svo.
3. Margaret of Anjou; a Poem in 10 cantos, 1816, 4to.
The poems of this lady have been admired.
Hodson, Phineas, D.D. Serm., Ps. xxvii. 4, Lon.,
1628, 4to.
Hodson, Septimus, Rector of Thrapston. 1. Serm.,
Lon., 1789, Svo. 2. Serms., 1792, Svo.
Contain many just observatious and useful reflections.".
Lon. Month. Rev.
3. High Price of Provisions, 1795, 8vo. 4. 2 Discourses,
1795, 8vo.
Hodson, Thomas. Remarks on Medical Advice, by
Philip Stone, M.D., Lon., 1784, 8vo.
Hodson, Thomas. 1. Cabinet of the Arts, 1803-06,
4to. 2. The Accomplished Tutor; or, Complete System
of Education, 2 vols. 8vo.
Hodson, W. Fables in Prose and Verse, 1801, 12mo.
Hodson, Wm. 1. Trac. on XI. Art. Apostles' Creed,
Lon., 1636, 12mo. 2. Credo Resurrectionem Carnis, 1636.
Hodson, Wm., Vice-Master of Trin. Coll., Cambridge,
d. 1793. 1. Ded. of Solomon's Temple; a Poetical Essay,
Lon., 1772, 4to. 2. Observ. on Greek Tragedy.
Hody, Edward. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1735.
Hody, Humphrey, 1659-1706, a native of Odcombe,
Somerset, entered of Wadham College, Oxford, 1676, and
chosen Fellow, 1684; Rector of St. Michael's, London,
1693; Prof. of Greek in Univ. Oxford, 1698; Archdeacon
of Oxford, 1704. His most noted works are the following:
1. Dissertation against Aristeus's Hist. of the Seventy-two
Interpreters, 1680; Oxon., 1684, 8vo.
"Written in opposition to Isanc Vossius, and completely suc-
ceeds in destroying the credit of the lying fable of the Jew respect-
ing the Septuagint."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
M
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Vossius attacked this work in an Appendix to his Pom-
ponius Mela, and Hlody responded when he pub. a new
ed. of his Dissertation in his De Bibliorum Textibus Ori-
ginalibus. See No. 5. 2. Prolegomena to John Malela's
Chronicle, printed at Oxford, 1691, Svo. The Prolegomena
was written in 1689. 3. Hist. of English Councils and
Convocations, &c., Lon., 1701, 8vo. 4. The Resurrection
of the same Body asserted, 1694, 8vo. 5. De Bibliorum
Textibus Originalibus, versionibus Græcis, et Latina Vul-
gsta, Libri Quatuor, Oxon., 1705, fol.
858
"This is the classical work on the Septuagint. . . . Among the
writers on the Septuagint version, no one has displayed either
more knowledge of the subject or more critical sagacity than
llody."-BISHOP MARSH.
..
It examines with great accuracy, and discusses with much
learning and ability, every question relating to the age, the
authors, the character and progress of that celebrated version.
All subsequent writers have been greatly indebted to this work
of Hody."—Orme's Bibl. Bib. See Horne's Bibl. Bib.
6. De Græcis Illustribus Linguæ Græca instauratoribus,
Dr. S. Jebb.
&c., Lon., 1742, Svo. Posth. Pub. from Hody's MSS. by
those learned Grecians who retired to Italy about the time
This erudite work contains an account of
of the taking of Constantinople by the Turks, and re-
stored the Greek tongue and learning in those western
parts.
studies of Greek in Italy; and his book, De Græcis illustribus
"Hody was perhaps the first who threw much light on the early
linguæ Græcæ instauratoribus, will be read with pleasure and ad-
vantage by every lover of literature; though Mehus, who came
with more exuberant erudition to the subject, has pointed out a
few errors. But more is to be found as to its native cultivators,
Hody being chiefly concerned with the Greek refugees, in Bayle's
Heeren, Shepherd, Corniani, Ginguéné, and the Biographie
Fabricius, Niceron, Mehus, Zeno, Tiraboschi, Meiners. Roscoe,
Universelle, whom I name in chronological order."-Hallum's
Lit. Hist. of Europe, ed. 1854, i. 100, n.
See Hody's Life, prefixed to No. 6; Biog. Brit.; Birch's
Tillotson; Chalmers's Hist. of Oxford.
Hoffman, Charles Fenno, b. in the city of New
York in 1806, a son of Judge Josiah Ogden Hoffman, and
a brother of the eminent lawyer, Ogden Hoffman, entered
Columbia College at the age of fifteen, and was admitted
to the New York Bar when twenty-one. After three years
of legal practice, Mr. Hoffman determined to indulge to
its full extent the strong inclination which he had always
entertained for literary pursuits; and he accordingly
abandoned Coke and Blackstone for the more congenial
fields of Romance and Poetry. He has since given to the
world-1. A Winter in the West, New York, 1835, 2 vols.
12mo; Lon., 1835, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
"It has since passed through several editions. and will con-
tinue to be admired so long as graphic delineations of nature,
spirited sketches of men and manners, and richness and purity
of style, are appreciated.”—R. W. GRISWOLD: Prose Writers of
America.
2. Wild Scenes in Forest and Prairie, Lon., (1837 ?)
1839, 2 vols. p. 8vo. With addits., N. York, 1843, 2 vols.
12mo. 3. Greyslaer; a Romance of the Mohawk, 1840,
49, 12mo. This is founded on the celebrated criminal
trial of Beauchamp for the murder of Colonel Sharpe, of
Kentucky.
"It happily blends historical facts connected with the border-
annals of our State with the fictitious story of love, and displays
the powers of a master-painter of human passion. We regard
the author of this book as one of the best writers in the country."
-Southern Literary Messenger.
Greyslaer met with remarkable success; two edits. were
printed in New York, one in Phila., and a fourth in Lon-
don, in the same year. Mr. William Gilmore Sims has
since pub. a novel-Beauchampe-founded on the same
tragical incidents.
4. The Vigil of Faith, a Legend of the Adirondack
Mountains; and other Poems, N. York, 1842,12mo. Several
edits. have been pub. in America and England. 5. The
Echo; or, Borrowed Notes for Home Circulation, Phila.,
1044. The title of this work was suggested by some re-
marks in an article, on Griswold's Poets and Poetry of
America, in the Foreign Quarterly Review, in which the
reviewer charges Hoffman with borrowing largely from
Moore. 6. Lays of the Hudson, and other Poems, N. York,
32mo. 7. Love's Calendar, and other Poems, 1848. This
vol. contains a more complete collection of his lyrical
compositions than will be found in the Echo. Mr. Hoff-
man prepared for publication another novel, entitled The
Red Spur of Ramapo; but the MS. was destroyed by the
carelessness of a servant. In 1833 Mr. H. established
that well-known and excellent Journal, The Knicker-
bocker Magazine, and edited a few numbers, after which
he transferred it to the Rev. Timothy Flint. Mr. Hoffman
subsequently became proprietor and editor of the American
Monthly Magazine, (started by Henry William Herbert,
Esq.,) and was its chief editor for many years, during one
of which he also discharged the editorial duties connected
with the New York Mirror. In the former he pub., in
1837, a novel entitled Vanderlyn. For about eighteen
|
months (in 1846-47) he was the editor of the New York.
Literary World: see DuYCKINCK, EVERT A., p. 535. Ho
has also been a contributor to the New Yorker, the Cor-
sair, and other periodicals. His contributions to the New
York American (distinguished by a ) whilst its associate-
editor with Charles King, about 1828-30, added greatly
HOF
HOF
to the reputation of that journal. Nor must we omit to
render our acknowledgments to this versatile author for
his historical sketch pub. in Sparks's American Biography,
2d Series, iii. 179-238, entitled The Administration of
Jacob Leisler; a Chapter in American History. It is as a
lyrical poet that Mr. Hoffman is best known to the world,
and in this department he unquestionably occupies a very
high rank. Among the principal favourites of the songs
which have carried his name so extensively through the
social circles of the land are Rosalie Clare, 'Tis Hard
to Share her Siniles with Many, Sparkling and Bright,
and The Myrtle and Steel.
An eminent American critic, referring to this depart-
ment of poetical authorship,-the song,-remarks:
"Whatever may be thought of it as an order of writing, I am
satisfied that Mr. Hoffman has come as near to the highest
standard or idea of excellence which belongs to this species of
composition, as any American poet has done in his own depart
ment, whatever that department may be."-R. W. GRISWOLD:
Poels and Poetry of America, 16th ed., 1855.
See the same author's opinion of Hoffman's prose com-
positions in his Prose Writera of America, 4th ed., 1852,
p. 31.
"For some of the best convivial, amatory, and descriptive poetry
of native origin, we are indebted to Charles Fenno Hoffman. The
woods and streams, the feast and the vigil, are reflected in his
verse with a graphic truth and sentiment that evidence an eye
for the picturesque. a´sense of the adventurous, and a zest for
pleasure. He has written many admirable scenic pieces that evince
not only a careful but a loving observation of nature: some
touches of this kind in the Vigil of Faith are worthy of the most
celebrated poets. Many of his songs. from their graceful flow and
tender feeling, are highly popular, although some of the metres
are too like those of Moore not to provoke a comparison. They
are, however, less tinctured with artifice; and many of thei
have a spontaneous and natural vitality.”—H. T. TUCKERMAN:
Sketch of Amer. Lit.
In addition to the authorities cited above, see Poe's
Literati; Dublin Univ. Mag.; South. Lit. Messeng., xix. 47.
Hoffman, David, LL.D., J.U.D., 1784-1854, a na-
tive of Baltimore, Maryland, an eminent lawyer and legal
writer, from 1817 to 1836 Professor of Law in the Uni-
versity of Maryland, after the termination of his connexion
with this institution resided two years in Europe, and
subsequently settled in Philadelphia, where he remained
until 1847. In the fall of this year he again visited
Europe, returning home in 1853. He died suddenly, of an
attack of apoplexy, in New York, November 11, 1854.
1. A Course of Legal Study; respectfully addressed to
the Students of Law in the United States, Balt., 1817, pp.
283; 2d ed., rewritten and much enlarged, 1836, 2 vols.
8vo., pp. xvii., $76. The first ed. was most favourably
reviewed by Judge Story, in the North American Review
for July, 1817. We give a brief extract from this admirable
article, which every lawyer should peruse with close
attention.
"Mr. Hoffman has published a Course of Legal Study, which he
modestly addresses to students, but which is well worthy the at-
tention of every gentleman of the bar. . . . In quitting the work
we have not the slightest hesitation to declare that it contains by
far the most perfect system for the study of the law which has
ever been offered to the publick.”—N. Amer. Rev., vi. 45–77.
...
Also in Story's Miscellaneous Writings, 1852, 66-92.
And see Story's Life aud Letters, 1851, i. 309.
The 2d ed. was reviewed by George S. Hillard, in the
North American Review for January, 1838, (xlvi. 72-82,)
who commends the work in the highest terms; and it has
been rewarded by the approbation of Marshall, Kent, De
Witt Clinton, and other competent judges in Europe and
America. See Pref. Anth. Anal. of Blk., 30; 6 Law Re-
corder, 426; 21 Law Mag., 1; 15 Amer. Jur., 331; xviii.
120; 12 Leg. Obs., 511; xiii. 51; Reddie's Mar. Com.,
427; 45 N. Amer. Rev., 482; 20 Amer. Quar. Rev., 79;
Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 391; 9 Princ. Rev., 509; Blackw.
Mag., xvii. 57.
2. Legal Outlines; being the Substance of a Course of
Lectures now delivering in the University of Maryland,
in 3 vols. Vol. i., 1836, Svo, pp. viiì., 626. Unfortunately,
this is the only vol. of this excellent work which ever saw
the light. It was favourably reviewed by Mr. P. Cruise,
in the North American Review for January, 1830, xxx.
135-160, q. v.; and soo also Story's Inaug. Discourse,
45, n.; 3 Amer. Jur., 86; 1 Ang. L. J., 264; 36 N. Amer.
Rev., 395; 4 South. Rev., 47; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 390.
|
3. Miscellaneous Thoughts on Men. Manners, and Things;
by Anthony Grumbler, of Grumbleton Hall, Esq., 1837,
12mo, pp. 374. See N. Amer. Rev., xlv. 482-484: Amer.
Quar. Rev., xxii. 415; Chris. Exam., xxiii. 208, by F.W. P. |
Greenwood. 4. Viator; or, A Peep into my Note-Book,
1841, 12mo. This may be considered as a sequel to No. 3.
5. Legal Hints; being a condensation of the leading Ideas
as relating
as relating to Professional Deporiment, contained in a
Course of Legal Study, with the addition of some Counsel
to Law-Students, Phila., 1846. 6. Chronicles, selected
from the Originals of Cartaphilus, the Wandering Jew:
embracing a period of nearly nineteen Centuries. Now
first revealed to and edited by David Hoffman, Lon.,
1855, 2 vols. 8vo. These two vols. are all that was given
to the world of a work which was to have been extended
to 6 vols. Vol. iii. (concluding Series 1, and reaching
to A.D. 573) was ready for the press at the time of the
death of the author. Series 2 (vols. iv. v. vi.) were in a
state of partial preparation. The design was no less than
a History of the World from the Christian era to the pre-
sent time. To the compilation of this vast work Mr.
Hoffman had devoted much time, arduous labour, and a
large pecuniary outlay. This adds another to the inany
instances we have recorded in the course of this volume of
cherished designs frustrated, anxious hopes disappointed,
and "purposes broken off in the midst." But if the solemn
consciousness of the approach of the "inexorable hour"
warned him who had toiled so faithfully for his genera-
tion, that be must cease from his labours ere he should
enter upon that goodly heritage of honourable fame and
extensive usefulness which had long been the goal of his
ambition in the preparation of the great work of his life,
he could yet look back with satisfaction at the good already
accomplished by those invaluable fruits of his wisdom
which he was permitted to give to the world. To adopt
the language of another,
"If we were called upon to designate any single work which
had exercised a greater influence over the profession of the law
in this country than all others, which had most stimulated the
student in his studies, most facilitated his labours, and, in fine,
most contributed to elevate the standard of professional learning
and morals, we should unhesitatingly select Hoffman's Course of
Legal Study."-N. Amer. Rev., xlv. 482.
"The constant reply of Lagrange to the young men who consulted
him respecting their mathematical studies was, Study Euler;'
Maine to Louisiana, 'Study Hoffman.'"-GEORGE S. HILLARD: N.
and in like manner we should say to every law-student, from
Amer. Rev., xlvi. 82.
In the words of another admirer of this excellent and
useful writer:
What Cujacius said of Paul de Castro has been appropriately
applied to Professor Hoffman's Course of Legal Study: Qui non
habet Paulum de Castro, tunicam vendat, et emat."
Hoffman, J. N., Lutheran pastor, formerly of Cham-
bersburg, Pa., now of Reading, Pa. 1. Arndt's True Chris-
tianity; trans. from the German, Chambersb., 1834, Svo.
2. Evangelical Hymns, original and selected, 1838, 18mo.
3. A Collection of Texts, &c. 4. The Broken Platform;
a Defence of the Symbolical Books of the Lutheran
Church, Phila., 1856, 12mo.
Hoffman, Murray, an eminent lawyer of New York.
1. Office and Duties of Masters in Chancery, N. York,
1824, Svo.
“I have looked them [the MSS.] over, and communicated to
Mr. B. my high opinion of the accuracy, utility, credit and value
of the work."—Letter from Chancellor Kent.
2. Treat. on the Prac. of the Ct. of Chancery, 1840, 3
vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1843, 3 vols. Svo. 3. N. York Vice-
Chancery Reports, 1839-40, Svo, 1841. 4. Treatise on the
Law of the Prot. Epis. Church, 1850, Svo.
Hofland, Mrs. Barbara. See HOFLAND, MRS.
THOMAS CHRISTOPHER.
Hofland, Thomas Christopher, 1777–1843, a
distinguished landscape-painter, and an enthusiastic dis-
ciple of Izaak Walton, was a native of Worksop, Notting-
hamshire. An interesting memoir of him, by his widow,
(vide post,) will be found in The London Art-Union; or
see Lon. Gent. Mag., May, 1843. 1. A Description of
White Knights, a seat of the Duke of Marlborough; em-
bellished with twenty-three engravings from pictures by
T. C. Hofland, 1819, fol. One hundred copies privately
printed by his Grace. The letter-press was written by
Mrs. Hofland, (vide post.) 2. British Angler's Manual,
Lon., 1839, p. Svo: some on large paper. New ed., by
Edward Jesse, 1848, p. Svo, with eighty steel engravings
and lignographs after Hofland, Cooper, Creswick, Rad-
clyffe, &c.
This is the most comprehensive work on angling that has yet
appeared in this country.”—Bell's Life in London.
Whether as regards the art pictorial or the art piscatorial. it
would be difficult to pick out a prettier volume than this.”—Lon.
Mlustrated Review,
3. Specimens of Garden Decorations and Scenery, 1846.
Hofland, Mrs. Thomas Christopher, 1770-1844,
wife of the preceding, formerly Miss Barbara Wreaks,
a daughter of Robert Wreaks, of Sheffield, was married in
1796 to Mr. T. Bradshaw Hoole, who died in 1798. In
1805 she pub. a vol. of poems upon a subscription-list of
859
HOF
HOG
nearly 2000 copies, the profit on which enabled her to open
a small school at Harrowgate, where the duties of tuition
were relieved by the pleasures of authorship. In 1808 she
was married to Thomas Christopher Hofland, the eminent
landscape-painter, but did not permit her new engagements
to relax her literary application, for in 1812 we find that
she gave to the world no less than five different works.
This literary activity distinguished Mrs. Hofland for the
remainder of her life. In 1833 she was deprived by death
of her son by her first husband, the Rev. Mr. Hoole, curate
of St. Andrew's, Holborn, and in 1843 she was again left a
widow. She wrote in all about seventy works, (of which
nearly 300,000 copies were sold in Great Britain, and many
thousands on the continent and in America,) and pub. a
large number of pieces in magazines and annuals. Among
the best-known of her works-which consist almost entirely
of novels and moral tales-are: 1. The Daughter-in-Law.
2. Emily. 3. The Son of a Genius. 4. Beatrice. 5. Says
she to her Neighbour, What? 6. Captives in India. 7.
The Unloved One. S. The Czarina. 9. Ellen, the Teacher.
10. The Merchant's Widow. 11. Adelaide. 12. Humility.
13. Fortitude. 14. Decision. 15. Integrity. 16. The
Clergyman's Widow. 17. Daniel Dennison. 18. Self-
Denial. 19. Letter of an Englishwoman. 29. Tales of
the Priory. 21. Tales of the Manor. A Biographical
notice of Mrs. Hofland will be found in the Lon. Gent.
Mag., January, 1845; but for a detailed memoir of her
life, accompanied by her Literary Remains, we must
refer the reader to Mr. Thomas Ramsay's vol. with this
title, Lon., 1849, 12mo. The author of the biography in
Gent. Mag., referring to the many editions and large sale
of her works, remarks:
Hog,James. The Spirit's Operations, Edin., 1709,12mo.
Hog, Sir Roger. Decisions of the Court of Sessions,
1681-91, Edin., 1757, fol.
When this immense circulation is considered, in connexion
with the fact that all her works were successfully devoted to im-
prove the heart by pleasing and powerful lessons, we may form
some idea of the debt of gratitude and esteem that is her due."
Hofmann, A. W., Ph. D., Professor in the Royal
College of Chemistry, London, has edited Buff's Letters
on the Physics of the Earth, Lon., 1851, fp. 8vo; Fownes's
Manual of Chemistry, 7th ed., 1858, (in conjunction with
II. Bence 'Jones. M.D.;) and is co-editor of Liebig and
Kopp's Annual Report of the Progress of Chemistry, &c.,
Vols. i. ii. iii. for 1847, 48, 49, edited by Dr. Hofman and
Dr. H. B. Jones. See BLOXAM, C. L., and F. A. ABEL.
|
Hogaus, Gulielmus, pub. Latin paraphrases from
Job, the Proverbs, Cato, and Milton, Lon., 1682–99.
"The author discovers some talent for Latin versification, which
his countrymen then cultivated.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Hogan, a Brevet-Major in R.A. Appeal to the Public,
and a Farewell Address to the Army, Lon., 1808, Svo.
Hogan, E. Penna. State Trials; Trials of F. Hop-
kinson and J. Nicholson, Phila., 1794, 8vo.
Hogan, John Sheridan. Canada and her Re-
gources, N. York, 1855, Svo. To this work was awarded the
first prize of the Paris Exhibition Committee of Canada.
Il est fort bien écrit, mais superficiel surtout pour ce qui a rap-
port au Canada Inférieur, pays beaucoup plus ancien et intéressant
que le Canada Supérieur au point de vue historique.”—Dict. Hist.
des Must, du Canada el de l'Amerique, par Bibaud, Jeune, Montreal,
·
1857. 146.
"George Thomson, and George Hogarth, and the lare o' the
yamatoors will just lauch at ye as an ignoramus, that kens nae
thing of acowsties, or the dooble-dooble-bais, or Batehooven, or
Mowsart, or that Carle Weber."-CHRISTOPHER NORTH: Noctes
Ambrosiana, July, 1826,
Hogarth, George, a native of Scotland, late writer
to the signet in Edinburgh, was for many years musical
and dramatic critic of the London Morning Chronicle; but
since the establishment of the Daily News, in 1846, by his
Bon-in-law, Charles Dickens, the author, he has been con-
nected with that sheet in a similar capacity. 1. Musical
History, Biography, and Criticism, Lon., 1836, 2 vols.
12mo. New ed. enlarged, 1838, 2 vols. 8vo. An excellent
work. Reviewed by G. W. Peck, in Amer. Whig Rev.,
vii. 533. 2. Memoirs of the Musical Drama, 1838, 2 vols. 8vo.
He brings general scholarship and cultivation to his task, and
has produced a very instructive as well as entertaining work.”—
Lon, AthenAUM,
6+
Hogarth, "Richard, a schoolmaster in London,
father of William Hogarth, the celebrated artist. Dis-
sertationes Grammaticales, Lon., 1712, Svo.
Hogarth, William, 1697–1764, a celebrated painter
and engraver, son of the preceding, was a native of Lon-
don. In 1730 he ran away with the daughter of the
eminent artist, Sir James Thornhill, who was soon recon-
ciled to the match by the remarkable talents of his
volunteer son-in-law. We have already had occasion to
refer to his Analysis of Beauty, Lon., 1754, 72, 'S3, 4to,
(in Italian, Leghorn, 1761,) in which he was assisted by
Dr. Benjamin Hoadly, Dr. Morell, and the Rev. Mr.
Townley. This is a work of decided merit. In his ca-
pacity as an artist he does not enter within the design of
our Dictionary. For an account of his works, collections of
his plates, &c., consult authorities cited below. Especially
see-1. The Genuine Works of Wm. Hogarth, illustrated
with Biographical Anecdotes, a Chronological Catalogue
and Commentary, by John Nichols and George Steevens,
1808-17, 3 vols. 4to; £14 48. Large paper, £27 6s.
"These three volumes contain 210 plates, a great many of which
are not to be found in any other collection of Hogarth's works."-
Advert.
2. The Genuine Works of Wm. Hogarth, 1820-22, 24
Nos., atlas fol., from the original plates, retouched by
Heath; edited by Nichols; 153 plates. Pub. at £50. It
the publisher's warehouse, and came into the possession
is stated that a number of copies were recently found in
|
of H. G. Bohn, of London, who offered them at the low
price of £7 78. See his Catalogue for 1848, p. 124, supp.
3. Hogarth Moralized, by John Trusler, LL.D., 1768, Svo.
New ed., with Introduc. and Notes by Major, 1841, Svo.
4. Hogarth Illustrated, by John Ireland, 1791-98, 3 vols.
r. Svo. 5. Biographical Anecdotes of Wm. Hogarth, and
a. Cat. of his Works, by John Nichols, 1781, 'S2, 'S5, 8vo.
The last is the best ed. 6. Anecdotes of Hogarth, by him-
self, with Essay on his Life, &c., by Nichols, 1833, 4 Pts.
Svo, 48 plates. 7. Clavis Hogarthiana, by Rev. E. Ferrens,
1817, Svo. Those who wish a cheap Hogarth can procure
the 150 Plates lately pub. (1849, 2 vols. 4to) by Brain, of
London, for £2 5s. In addition to authorities just cited,
consult Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Walpole's Anecdotes; Chal-
mers's Biog. Dict.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Bryan's and
Spooner's Dictionaries; Hazlitt's Lect. on the Works of
Hogarth; Charles Lamb on the Genius of Hogarth;
Thackeray's Lect. on Hogarth, Smollett, and Fielding.
3. Opera in Italy, France, Germany, and England, 1851,
2 vols. p. 8vo. This may be considered a new ed. of No. 2.
be considered a new ed. of No. 2.
The view of the Musical Stage is brought down to the
date of publication,-1851.
-
"Your works I shall treasure up as a family book, or rather as
one of the classics, from which I shall regularly instruct my chil-
dren. in the same manner as I should out of Homer or Virgil."-
The Rev. J. Townley to Hogarth.
We would suggest that, as a family book, Hogarth is to
be used with considerable caution.
See also Canada and her Resources, by Alex. Morris, which book he esteemed most in his library, answered-Shak-
"I was pleased with the reply of a gentleman, who, being asked
Montreal, 1855, Svo, and The Rise of Canada from Barba-speare: being asked which he esteemed next best, replied- IIo-
rism to Wealth and Civilization, by Charles Roger, of Que- garth."-CHARLES LAMB: ubi supra.
bec, Lon., 1856, Svo.
"To the student of history, these admirable works must be in-
valuable, as they give us the most complete and truthful picture
of the manners, and even the thoughts, of the past century."-
THACKERAY: ubi supra.
Hogan, W. Reports of Cases in the Rolls Court in
Ireland, temp. S. W. McMahon, Dubl., 1828–38, 2 vols. 8vo.
Hogan, Wm., formerly R. Catholic priest. 1. Popery
as it was and Is, Bost. 2. Auricular Confession and Popish
Nunneries, Lon., 1846, 12mo; 5th ed., 1851, 12mo.
Plates, 1813, fol.
Hogben, James. Obstetric Studies, Lon., 1813, 4to;
Hoge, Moses, President of Hampden-Sidney Collego,
Virginia, d. in Phila., 1820, aged 60. A vol. of his serms.
was pub. after his death.
See For. Quar. Rev., xvi. 279; Blackw. Mag., iii. 609;
xxx. 655, 660; xxxix. 761; xliii. 466; 1. 24; Lon. Month.
Rev., lxxxii. 145; Phila. Analec. Mag., v. 150.
"It is not hazarding too much to assert that he was one of the
greatest comic geniuses that ever lived: and he was certainly one
of the most extraordinary men this country has produced.”-
HAZIITT: ubi supra.
Hogg, Edward, M.D. Visit to Alexandria, Damus-
cus, and Jerusalem, Lon., 1835, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Reviewel
in the London Athenæum, 1835, 721.
Hogg, Jabez. 1. Domestic, Medical, and Surgical
Guide, Lon., 1852; 4th ed., 1857. 2. Elements of Nat.
Philos., 1852, Svo. 3. Manual of Photography; 4th ed.,
1852, 12mo. 4. The Microscope: its Hist., Construc., &c.,
1854, 55, '57, 8vo. 5. The Ophthalmoscope; 2d ed., 1858.
Hogg, J. J. Lect. on Study of Civil Law, Lou.,
1831, Svo.
Hogg, James, "The Ettrick Shepherd," December 9,
1770-Nov. 21, 1835, first saw the light in a cottage on the
banks of the Ettrick River, in Selkirkshire, Scotland. His
ancestors had been shepherds for five centuries, and James
880
HOG
HOG
:
commenced his apprenticeship in the same humble calling
when only seven years of age. Few authors who have
obtained reputation have commenced on so slender a stock
of knowledge; for the whole of the shepherd's scholastic
education was comprised in six months' instruction received
before he was eight years of age. In 1790 he entered the
service of Mr. Laidlaw as a shepherd, and remained in
this post for the ensuing ten years, the leisure hours of
which were profitably occupied with the perusal of books
from his master's library. In 1796 he commenced the
composition of songs and ballads, and in the next year an
ardent desire to be the successor of Burns-of whom he
then first heard-gave an impetus to his poetical genius,
which, to the astonishment of the world, resulted some
years later in the production of The Queen's Wake. Some
of his juvenile pieces happened at this time to fall into
the hands of Sir Walter Scott, by whom they were highly
commended. The first of his published productions, The
Patriot Lay of Donald McDonald, composed in 1800, and
printed in 1801, soon became a general favourite, and was
sung amidst acclamations, pablished and set to music,
whilst even the name of the author was unknown. In
1801 he wrote a prose essay called Reflections on a View of
the Nocturnal Heavens, and in the same year, whilst on a
visit to Edinburgh to dispose of some of his sheep, he pub.
a collection of his best poems. In 1802 he contributed
In 1802 he contributed
to Sir Walter Scott's Border Minstrelsy; and five years
later gave to the world The Shepherd's Guide, (an Essay
on Sheep,) and a vol. of songs, ballads, and tales, entitled
The Mountain Bard. By these two works he made about
£300, which was soon swallowed up in the cultivation of
an unprofitable farm; and the publication of the Forest
Minstrel, a collection of the poet's early songs, in 1810,
failed to meet with that encouragement which the declin-
ing fortunes of the author greatly needed. In the same
year he commenced the issue of a periodical, intended as
a censor of literature and mauners, entitled The Spy. For
this self-imposed task the conductor was altogether un-
suited, and the new paper lingered but a twelvemonth
and then expired. One good result, however, is to be
attributed to the publication of The Spy. Some of his
friends were so much pleased with some of the poetry con-
tributed by the editor to his sheet, that they urged him to
attempt the composition of a regular poem. Hogg was
always ready to be encouraged; and his friends were gra-
tified, with the rest of the world, in the spring of 1813, by
the publication of The Queen's Wake, a Legendary Poem,
by far his best production, and one which would not have
disgraced the best of the great poets who were at that
time lighting the literary circles of the day. Of the
sever een ballads in this work, the general favourite is the
legend of Kilmeny-certainly an exquisite production.
The reputation of the author was now established: the
poet became a celebrity; and bappy was that lady of
quality who could secure for her fashionable parties the
rustic form, and still more rustic songs and witticisms, of
the far-famed Ettrick Shepherd. The Queen's Wake soon
reached its 5th edit., and the Shepherd needed nothing
more to make him an author for life, as the following list
of works, which appeared in rapid succession, will abun-
dantly testify. POETRY: 1. Pilgrims of the Sun, 1815, 1
vol. 2. The Hunting of Badlewe, 1 vol. 3. Madoc of the
Moor, 1816, 1 vol. 4. Poetic Mirror; or, Living Bards of
Britain, 1 vol. This work. consisting of imitations of dis-
tinguished living poets, was all (with the exception of
Scott's pretended epistle to Southey, the work of Thomas
Pringle) written by Hogg in three weeks. 5. Dramatic
Tales, 2 vols. 6. Sacred Melodies, 1 vol. 7. The Border
Garland, 1 vol. S. The Jacobite Relics of Scotland: vol. i.,
1819; vol. ii., 1821. Partly original. 9. Queen Hynde,
1825, 1 vol. 10. The Royal Jubilee; a Masque, 1 vol.
11. A Selection of his Songs, 1831, 1 vol. 12. The Queer
Book: 26 Miscellaneous Poems, some of which bad ap-
peared in Blackwood, 1 vol. A collection of his best
poems was pub. at Edinburgh in 1822, in 4 vols. Svo.
PROSE: 13. The Brownie of Bodsbeck, and other Tales,
1818, 2 vols. 14. Winter Evening Tales, 1820, 2 vols.
15. The Three Perils of Man, 1822, 3 vols. 16. The Three |
Perils of Woman, 1823, 3 vols. 17. The Confessions of a
Justified Sinner, 1824, 1 vol. 18. The Shepherd's Calen-
dar, 1829, 2 vols. Composed of tales originally pub. in
Blackwood's Magazine. 19. Altrive Tales, 1832.
19. Altrive Tales, 1832. Vol. i. |
only appeared, although twelve were contemplated, one
every other month. The Tales were to be such traditionary
stories as were current with the Altrive peasantry, and
collected from them. The failure of Cochran & Co., the
publishers, prevented the prosecution of the plan. 20. Do-
}
mestic Manners of Sir Walter Scott, 1834. Considered a
very impertinent production. 21. Lay Sermons, 1834, 1
vol. 22. Tales of the Wars of Montrose, 1835, 3 vols. In
1817 Hogg found himself settled on his farm of Altrive,
consisting of seventy acres on the banks of the Yarrow,
for which he was indebted to the kindness of the Duke
and Duchess of Buccleuch. In 1820, in his 48th year, he
was married to Miss Margaret Phillips, who seems to have
made him a very good wife: she and three of their chil-
dren, daughters, are now living, and Mrs. Hogg was re-
cently pensioned by government. Shortly after his mar-
riage he took up his residence at Mount Benger; but, being
again unfortunate in his agricultural experiments, he was
obliged to return to Altrive. The last years of his life
were tranquilly passed in the prosecution of his literary
pursuits, varied by the sports of the field, to which he was
passionately attached. In the autumn of 1835 his health
was prostrated by an attack of the jaundice, which re-
sulted in a disease of the liver, and terminated fatally on
the 21st of November, 1835, in the 65th year of his age.
For further information respecting this uneducated genius,
we refer the reader to his autobiographical reminiscences;
to the Memoir, by Professor John Wilson, prefixed to
Blackie & Co.'s collective edit. of Hogg's Works, 1850, 5
vols. 12mo; Life, by Dr. R. S. Mackenzie, prefixed to his
edit. of Noctes Ambrosianæ, N. York, 1855, vol. iv., i.-xxii. ;
Dr. Mackenzie's collection of Maginn's O'Doherty Papers,
1855, i. 29-32; Life, in Lon. Gent. Mag., Jan. 1836;
Howitt's Homes and Haunts of Brit. Poets; Chambers
and Thomson's Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen; Lockhart's
Life of Scott; Scott's Poetical Works; Gilfillan's First
Gallery of Literary Portraits; Allan Cunningham's Biog.
and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the Last Fifty years; Moir's
Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-Century; Wilson's Recreations
of Christopher North; and especially to the Noctes Am-
brosianæ, where The Shepherd is painted to the life and
see the General Index to Blackwood's Mag., vols. i.-l.;
Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.; Memoirs of a Literary Vete-
ran; Edin. Rev., v. 662; by Lord Jeffrey, ib. xxiv. 157;
Lon. Month. Rev., xciii. 263; xev. 428; evi. 368; cxxviii.
82: Fraser's Mag., i. 291; v. 97, 114, 482; xx. 414; N.
Amer. Rev., by W. Tudor, ii. 103; by F. Dexter, ix. 1;
Phil. Analee. Mag., iii. 104; vi. 36; xi. 414; Phila. Mu-
seum. xxi. 97; xxxvii. 438. A collective ed. of Hogg's
Tales and Sketches was pub. in 1838, 6 vols. fp. Svo;
again in 1851; collective ed. of his Poetical Works, 1850,
5 vols. 12mo; 1852, 5 vols. 12mo. We have already stated
that the Queen's Wake is considered to be by far the best
of his productions: a few brief notices of this poem may
therefore be here appropriately introduced:
··
with a band of rushes from the moor.
The Queen's Wake is a garland of fair forest-flowers, bound
It is not a poem,—not it;
nor was it intended to be so: you might as well call a bright
bouquet of flowers a flower, which, by-the-by, we do in Scotland.
Some of the ballads are very beautiful; one or two even splendid;
most of them spirited; and the worst far better than the best that
was ever written by any bard in danger of being a blockhead.
Kilmeny alone places our (ay, our) Shepherd among the Undying
Ones."-PROFESSOR WILSON: Christopher North's Recreations: An
Hour's Talk about Poetry.
The poem is unequal, and it could not well be otherwise; it
consists of the songs of many minstrels in honour of Queen Mary,
united together by a sort of recitative, very rambling. amusing,
and characteristic. Some of the strains of the contending Bards
are of the highest order, both of conception and execution; the
Abbot of Eye has great ease, vigour, and harmony, and the story
of the Fair Kilmeny, for true simplicity, exquisite loveliness, and
graceful and original fancy, cannot be matched in the whole com-
Pass of British song."—ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog, and Crit. Hist.
of the Lit, of the Last Fifty Years.
The specimens we have already given [of Kilmeny] will enable
the reader to judge of the style and manner of this singular com-
position: upon the strength of which alone we should feel our-
selves completely justified in assuring the author that no doubt
can be entertained that he is a poet, in the highest acceptation
of the name.”—Lord JEFFREY: Edin. Rev., Nov. 1814.
"The Legend of Kilmeny is as beautiful as any thing in that
department of poetry. It contains a fine moral :—that purity of
heart makes an earthly creature a welcome denizen of heaven;
and the tone and imagery are all fraught with a tenderness and
Homes and Haunts of the Brit. Poets.
grace that are as unearthly as the subject of the legend.”—Howitt`s
Kilmeny has been the theme of universal admiration, and
deservedly so, for it is what Warton would have denominated
'pure poetry. It is, for the most part, the glorious emanation of
a sublime fancy.-the spontaneous sprouting forth of amaranthino
flowers of sentiment, the bubbling out and welling over of in-
spiration's fountain."-D. M. MOIR: Poel. Lit. of the Past Half-
Century.
.
An acute critic, already quoted, after noticing Hogg's
defects as a prose-writer, evinces a disposition to do full
justice to his real merits:
"When he chooses to be simple and unaffected, there are few
to match him: his Wool-Gatherer, some of his Winter Night'●
861
HOG
HOL
Tales,—which, instead of lengthening the nights, as a surly critic
averred, shortened them for thousands,-bis Brownie of Bods-
beck, and indeed all his fictions, exhibit much of the innocence
and truth and blamelessness of pastoral life. In his finer moods,
no one has equalled him in the rare power of uniting the elegance
of superstitious fancy with the realities of life."-ALLAN CUNNING-
HAM : ubi supru̸.
The name of the author of The Queen's Wake will recall
to many the beautiful extemporaneous tribute of Words-
worth on hearing of the death of his brother poet:
"When first, descending from the moorlands,
I saw the stream of Yarrow glide
Along a bare and open valley,
The Ettrick Shepherd was my guide," &c.
Hogg, John. Serms., 1759, '75, both Svo.
Hogg, Robert, co-editor of the Cottage Gardener.
1. British Pomology, Lon., 1851, Svo. 2. Manual of Fruits.
3. The Dahlia, 1853, r. Svo. 4. The Vegetable Kingdom
and its Products, 1858, cr. Svo.
Hogg, Thomas. St. Michael's Mount; a Poem,
1811, 4to.
Hogg, Thomas. The Fabulous Hist. of the Ancient
Kingdom of Cornwall, Lon., 1827, Svo.
dlesex.
Hogg, Thomas, Florist, of Paddington Green, Mid-
1. Growth and Cult. of the Carnation; 6th ed.,
1839. 12mo. See Lon. Monthly Censor, Oct. 1822. See
also Trans. Hortic. Soc.
Hoggard, Miles. See HUGGARD.
Hoker, or Hooker, John. See HooкER.
Holberry, Mark. Farewell Serm., Leeds, 1770, Svo.
Holborne, Anthony. The Cittharn Schoole, 1597.
The cittern or eithern (Latin, cithara, a harp or lyre)
was a stringed musical instrument, similar to a guitar.
Holbourne, Sir Robert, M.P., d. 1647, an eminent
lawyer temp. Charles I. 1. Readings upon the Statute
25 Edw. III., cap. 2, of Treasons. To which is added
Brown's Cases of Treasons, Oxf., 1642, 4to. 2. The Free-
holder's Grand Inquest rel. to the King and Parl. This
bears the name of Sir Robert Filmer, who repub. it in
1679 and 1680, Svo, with observ. on Forms of Govern-
ment. See Athen. Oxon; Lloyd's Memoirs, vol. i.; Bridg-
man's Leg. Bibl.
Holbrook, Anthony. Serms., &c., 1715-31.
Holbrook, J., Special Agent U. States Post-Office
Department. Ten Years among the Mail-Bags, Phila.,
1856, 12mo, pp. 432. A valuable and entertaining work.
Holbrook, John Edwards, M.D., b. at Beaufort,
S. Carolina, 1795, a graduate of Brown University, Provi-
dence, R. Island, has been, since 1824, Professor of Ana-
tomy in the Medical College of the State of S. Carolina.
1. American Herpetology; or, a Description of Reptiles
inhabiting the United States, Phila., 1842, 5 vols. sm. 4to;
$50. 2. Southern Ichthyology, embracing Georgia, Florida,
and South Carolina. It was discontinued after two numbers
were pub., the field being considered too extensive by the au-
thor, as he had to make all his drawings from life. He is
now publishing a work on the Fishes of South Carolina,
ten numbers of which have made their appearance. Such
useful labourers in the walks of scientific research are
worthy of all commendation.
Holbrooke, W., M.D. Mischiefs arising from swal-
lowing Plumb-stones; Phil. Trans., 1710.
Holcombe, James P. 1. Introduc. to Equity Ju-
1. Introduc. to Equity Ju-
risprudence, Cin., 1816, Svo. 2. A Selection of Leading
2. A Selection of Leading
Cases upon Commercial Law, Phila., 1847, Svo; N. York,
1848, 8vo. 3. Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Ct.
U. States from its commencement to the present time,
1848, Svo.
4. Law of Debtor and Creditor in the U. States and
Canada, Phila., 1848, 8vo; N. York, 1851, Svo. 5. Smith's
Compendium of Mercantile Law, edited by J. P. Hol-
combe and W. Y. Gholson; greatly enlarged, &c., 1850,
8vo. New ed., greatly enlarged from last London edit.,
1855, 8vo, pp. 775.
Holcombe, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1789, 4to.
Holcombe, Wm. H., M.D. The Scientific Basis
of Homœopathy, Cin., 12mo.
the French and German. He was a member of the Society
for Constitutional Reform; and learning, in 1794, that he
was indicted, he voluntarily resigned himself to the proper
authorities; but, upon the acquittal of Hardy, Holcroft
and the other prisoners mentioned in the indictment were
discharged without a trial. Ifis best-known plays (over
thirty of which are registered in the Biog. Dramat.) are—
1. Duplicity; a Com., Lon., 1781, 8vo. Very successful.
2. The School for Arrogance; a Com., 1791, Svo. 3. The
Road to Ruin; a Com., 1792, 8vo.
Holcot, Robert, i.e. Richard de Bury, q. v.
Holcroft, Miss Fanny, daughter of the following.
1. Memoirs of Condé; from the French of Condé, 1807,
8vo. 2. The Wife and the Lover; a Nov., 1813, 3 vols.
12mo. 3. Fortitude and Frailty, 1817, 4 vols.
Holcroft, Thomas, 1744-1809, a native of London,
the son of a shoemaker, after being a groom and an actor,
commenced writing for the stage, and became the author
of a number of plays, poems, novels, and translations from
"This comedy ranks among the most successful of modern plays.
There is merit in the writing. bat much more in that dramatic
science which disposes characters, scenes, and dialogue, with mi-
nute attention to theatric ambition."-MRS. INCHBALD,
"Mr. Holcroft, in his Road to Ruin, set the example of that
style of comedy in which the slang phrases of jockey noblemen
and the humours of the four-in-hand club are blended with the
romantic sentiments of distressed damsels and philosophic wait-
ing-maids, and in which he has been imitated by the most suo
cessful of our living writers, unless we make a separate class for
the school of Cumberland."-Hazlitt's Lects. on the Comic Writers
of the Last Century.
4. The Deserted Daughter; a Com., 1795, Svo. Very
successful. Of his novels, among the most popular were
5. Alwyn; or, the Gentleman Comedian, 1780. 6. Anna
St. Ives, 1792, 7 vols. 12mo. Tolerably successful. 7.
Hugh Trevor, 1794, 3 vols. 12mo. 8. Bryan Perdue, 1805,
3 vols. sm. Svo. In 1783, 4to, he pub. (9.) Human IIap-
piness, or the Sceptic; a Poem ;-a work of bad tendency;
and in 1806, 2 vols. 12mo, gave to the world (10.) Tales in
Verse, Critical, Satirical, and Humorous. See Miss Mit-
ford's Recollec. of a Lit. Life; Edin. Rev., x. 101-111.
Of his translations we may instance-11. Caroline of Lich-
12. Life of
field; from the French, 1786, 3 vols. Svo.
Frederic, Baron Trenck; from the German, 1788, 3 vols.
12mo.
"If ever one happens to take up an English version of a French
or German book of that period,—Memoirs of Baron Trenck, or
Caroline de Litchfield,-and if that version have in it the zest
and savour of original writing, we shall be sure to find the name
of Thomas Holcroft in the title-page."-Miss MITFORD: ubi supra.
13. Posthumous Works of Frederic II., King of Prussia;
from the French, 1789, 3 vols. Svo. For this translation
Holcroft is said to have received about £1200. See Prof.
Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist.
Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist. 14. Lavater's Essays on
Physiognomy; from the German, 1793, 3 vols. large Svo.
360 engravings; £5 58. 15. Herman and Dorothea; from
the German of Goethe, 1801, Svo. In 1804 he pub. (16.)
Travels from Hamburgh, through Westphalia, Holland,
and the Netherlands, to Paris, 1806, 2 vols. 4to.
"Upon the whole, we think that this book is a great deal too
long, and that it has attained this magnitude by the most intrepid
and extensive application of the approved recipes for book-making
that has yet come under our consideration."-LORD JEFFREY: Edin.
Rev., iv. 84-99, q. v.
In 1815, 3 vols. 12mo, appeared (17.) his Memoirs written
by himself, continued [by Wm. Hazlitt, Sr.] to the time of
his Death, from his Diary, Notes, and other Papers. A
new ed. was pub. in Longman's Travellers' Library in 1851,
in 2 Pts.; also in 1 vol.; and an abridgment will be found
in Miss Mitford's Recollections of a Literary Life. Seo
also Hazlitt's First Acquaintance with Poets; Biog. Dra-
mat. ; and Lon. Gent. Mag. It is but justice to the memory
of Holcroft to remark that he is said to have renounced
"As a compact and convenient index to near fifty volumes of
Holden, George, Perpetual Curate of Mayhull,
reports, it must prove very useful to the profession."-LEVI WOOD- Liverpool; one of the most eminent of modern Hebraists.
BURY.
1. An Attempt towards an improved Trans. of the Proverbs
of Solomon, Liverp., 1819, Svo.
"This is the most valuable help to the critical understanding
of the Book of Proverbs extant in our language.”—Horne's Bibl.
| Bib.
his irreligious opinions when he found himself about
visiting a world where they were not likely to prove of
much benefit to him.
Holden, Rev. G., d. at Tatham, near Lancaster,
England, 1793, was the author of an annual publication
entitled Holden's Tide-Table.
2. The Scripture Testimonies to the Divinity of our
Lord, collected and Illustrated, Lon., 1820, 8vo. 3. An
Attempt to illustrate the Book of Ecclesiastes, 1822, 8vo.
"The best that has fallen under the notice of the writer of the
present work.”—Horne's Bill. Bib.
Another eminent authority remarks of this and the
work on the Proverbs, (No. 1, ante :)
"These two works are among the ablest pieces of biblical illus
tration with which we have lately been furnished. The author is
evidently an excellent Hebrew scholar."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
4. A Dissert. on the Fall of Man; in which the Literal
Sense of the Mosaic Account of that Event is asserted and
vindicated, 1823, Svo.
"All the efforts of perverted criticism to reduce the Mosaic His
tory of the Fall of Man to allegory, fable, or mythos, are here
862
HOL
HOL
xamined in detail; and the objections of its adversaries to the
literal sense of that history are minutely and satisfactorily refuted.”
-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
M
5. The Christian Sabbath, 1825, 8vo. This valuable
vol. contains a list of 146 writers upon the same subject.
6. The Christian Expositor, or Practical Guide to the
Study of the New Test.; intended for the Use of General
Readers, 1830, 12mo; 2d ed., 1837, 12mo.
"The task is accomplished with great intelligence and learning."
-Lơm. Month. Rev., July, 18:30, pp. 468–469.
The reader who has recourse to his pages for the interpretation
of really difficult passages will rarely, if ever, be disappointed."
Lon. Chris. Rememb.
See Horne's Bibl. Bib., 265, 306.
7. The Christian Expositor, Old Test., 1834, 12mo.
"Not only general readers, but also critical students, may gladly,
profitably, and safely avail themselves of Mr. Holden's labours,
without any apprehension of having imposed upon them the neo-
logian interpretations of modern German critics and commenta-
tors. Every page indicates Mr. Holden's intimate acquaintance
with all the best exegetical works on the Holy Scriptures, both
British and Foreign."-Horne's Bibl. B.b., 2€5.
8. Scriptural Vindication of Church Establishments,
1836, 12mo. 9. Authority of Tradition in Matters of Re-
ligion, 1838, 12mo. 10. Treatise on Justification, 1840,
12ino.
Holden, Henry, D.D., 1596-1662, a learned R. Ca-
tholic divine, a native of Lancashire, was educated at
Douay, where he took the name of Johnson, and from
1623 until his death was attached to the University of
Paris. 1. Divinæ Fidei Analysis, Paris, 1652, Svo. Editio
altera, printed by Barbou, 1767, 12mo. In English, by
W. G., 1658, 4to.
"An excellent work, and comprises, in a few words, the whole
economy of religion.”—L'Avocut.
Dupin gives an analysis of this work, and commends
it, and Charles Butler also speaks highly of it. 2. Mar-
ginal Notes on the New Test., 1660, 2 vols. 12mo.
3. Lett.
conc. White's De Medio Animarum Statu, 1661, 4to. 4.
Tract. de Schismate. 5. Tract. de Usura. See Dupin;
Dodd's Ch. Hist.; Biog. Univ.
Holden, Horace. A Narrative of his Shipwreck,
&c., Bust., 1836. See N. Amer. Rev., xliii. 206; Lieber's
Essays on Property, &c.
Holden, Rev. Hubert Ashton. 1. Foliorum Sil-
vula: Selec. for Lat. and Gr. Verse, Camb., 1852, p. 8vo; 2d
ed., 1857. Pt. 2, 1857; 2d ed., 1858. 2. Foliorum Centuriæ:
Selec. for Lat. and Gr. Prose, 1852, p. Svo; 2d ed., 185S.
Holden, J. Serm. at Nortian, Sussex, 1812.
Holden, John. Essay towards a Rational System
of Music, Glasg., 1770, 4to; Edin., 1807, Svo.
Holden, L. 1. A Manual of the Dissection of the
Human Body, Lon., 1849-50, 3 Pts. p. Svo. 2. Human
Osteology, 1855, 8vo, 2d ed., 1857.
Holden, Laurence, a Unitarian minister of Maldon,
Essex, England, b. 1710. 1. XXII. Serms., Lon., 1755,
Svo.
2. Fast Serm., 1757, Svo. 3. A Paraphrase of the
Book of Job, Psalms, Proverbs, and Ecclesiastes, with
Notes, Crit., Hist., and Prac., 1763, 4 vols. Svo.
"This is one of the worst specimens in the English language
of paraphrastic interpretation.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
6.
To what class of readers this performance will be useful or
agreeable, we really know not; but this we verily believe, that
persons of taste, learning, or judgment, will find very little in it
to engage their attention.”—Lon. Month. Rev., O. S., xxxi. 73.
"The public opinion seems to have been in unison with that of
the Monthly Reviewers; the book has never been popular, and it
is to be purchased at a very low price: on which account, this
notice is inserted as a caution to the student who may be iuex-
perienced in the real value of books."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
4. Paraphrase on Isaiah, Chelmsf.. 1776, 2 vols. Svo.
"In little estimation."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
5. Funl. Serm., Tenderden, 1813, Svo.
Holden, R. Doctrine of R. Catholics conc. the Eccles.
Guide in Controversies of Religion, [by R. H..] 1623.
Holden, Samuel. Answer to a Letter to S. H., Lon.,
1732, Svo.
Holden, Thomas. Shoe-making Machine; Nic.
Jour., 1800.
Holden, Rev. Wm. C., fifteen years a resident at
the colony of Natal, South Africa. History of the Colony
of Natal, Lon., 1855, Svo.
"The information contained in this history evinces much care
and diligence in its collection, and may be regarded as fully re-
Liable.”—Lon. Quar. Rev.
"It is the best book that we have seen on Natal."-Lon. Eclec.
Rev.
Holder, Rev. Henry Evans, of Barbadoes, pub. a
number of Discourses, a novel, a poem, and theolog. and
educational works, 1783-98.
Holder, William, D.D., d. 1697, Canon of Ely and
of St. Paul's. 1. Elements of Speech, Lon., 1669, Svo.
Commended by Charles Burney, Mus. Doc. 2. Supp. to
Phil. Trans. of July, 1670, 4to, 1678. 3. Discourse on
Time, 1694, 1701, 8vo. 4. Principles, &c. of Harmony,
5. Introductio
1694, 8vo. See also Phil. Trans., 1694.
6. On Deafness; Phil.
ad Chronologiain, Oxf., 1704, 8vo.
Trans., 1668. See Athen. Oxon.; Ward's Gresham Pro-
fessors; Letters from the Bodleian Lib., 1813, 3 vols. 8vo;
Rees's Cyc.
Holderness, Mary. 1. Manners and Customs of
the Crim Tartars, 12mo. 2. Journey from Riga to the
Crimea, 1823, 8vo. This lady resided four years in the
Crimea. 3. A Manual of Devotion, 1825, 12mo.
Holdich, Joseph, D.D., a Methodist minister, b. in
Thorney Fen, Cambridgeshire, England, admitted into
Belles-Lettres in the Wesleyan Univ., Middletown, Conn.,
the Phila. Conference, 1822; Prof. of Moral Science and
1835-49; a secretary of the American Bible Society, 1849
to the present time. 1. Bible Questions. 2. Bible History.
3. Memoirs of Aaron H. Hurd. 4. Life of Wilbur Fisk, D.D.,
N. York, 1842, Svo. Dr. H. has also contributed a number
of articles to periodicals.
Holditch, Benjamin. Hist. of Crowland Abbey ;
digested from materials collected by Mr. Gough, 1816, Svo.
Perhaps the same person as the next.
Holditch, Benjamin, 1770-1824, editor of the
Farmer's Journal. 1. The Weeds of Agriculture, 1825, Svo.
Posth.; pub. by Geo. Sinclair.
"No better work can be in the hands of the tiller of the soil.”-
Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
papers on British Grasses, which were not pub. See Do-
2. Ewes in the Lambing Season. He left some addit.
naldson's Agricult. Biog.
Holditch, Rob.
Emigrant's Guide to America,
Economical and Political, 1818, Svo.
Holdreth, Lionel H. Shadows of the Past, Lon.,
1856.
"They seem to have been suggested by real experience, and not
echoes of the Tennysonian music predominate in these poems, as
to spring from the vague determination to write poetry. The
they do iu most volumes of verse that we open." -Wstminster
Rev., July, 1856.
Holdsworth, Edward, 16S8-1747, an excellent
scholar, educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford. 1. Musci-
pula; a Latin Poem. There is an English trans. of this by
J. Hoadly in Dodsley's Miscellanies, vol. v., and another
trans. among Dr.Cobden's Poems; also trans. by R. Lewis,
1728. 2. The Two Phillipi in Virgil's Georgics, 1741, 4to.
3. Remarks, &c. on Virgil; pub. by Joseph Spence, with
addits., 1768, 4to. See Spence's Polymetis; Nichols's Lit.
Anec.; Nichols's Hist. of Leicestershire; Gent. Mag., vol.
lxi.
|
Holdsworth, Holsworth, Oldsworth, or Oldis-
worth, Richard, D.D., 1590-1649, educated at and
Fellow of St. John's Coll., Camb.; Prof. of Divinity at
Gresham Coll., 1629; Preb. of Lincoln, 1631; Archdeacon
of Huntingdon, 1633; Master of Emanuel Coll., Camb.,
1637.
1637. He was attached to the cause of Charles I., and
twice imprisoned by the Republicans. 1. Serm., Ps. exliv.
15; H. M. Inaug., Camb, 1642, 4to. 2. Answer without
a Question, Lon., 1649. 3. Valley of Vision; in twenty-
one Serms., 1651, 4to.
"The author was composed of a learned head, a gracious heart,
a bountiful band, and a patient back comfortably and cheerfully
to endure such heavy afflictions as were laid upon him."-Thomas
Fuller's Preface.
4. Prælectiones Theologicæ, 1661, fol. Pub. by his
nephew, Dr. Wm. Pearson, with a life of the author, q. v.
See also Ward's Gresham Professors; Athen. Oxon.;
Barwick's Life; Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy; Lloyd's
Memoirs, vol. i.; Peck's Desiderata, vol. ii.
See ALD-
Holdsworth, W. Natural Short-Hand.
RIDGE, W.
Oxf., 1720, Sro. This serm., on the resurrection of the
Holdsworth, Winch, D.D. 1. Serm., John v. 28, 29,
same body, directed against Locke and others, occasioned
some controversy. 2. Defence of. the Resurrection of the
same
same Body, Lon., 1727, Svo. Also against the views of
Mr. Locke.
Hole, John. Dictionary of Music, 1791, Svo.
Hole, Matthew, d. 1730? aged about 90, entered
Exeter College, Oxford, 1657; Fellow, 1663; Preb. of
Wells, 1687; Vicar of Stoke Courcy, about 1687; Rector
of his College, 1715. He is best known by the following
excellent works, i.e. Nos. 1, 2, and 3. 1. Prac. Expos. of the
Church Catechism, Lon., 1708, 4to: 1715, 2 vols. 8vo;
vol. i., 3d ed., 1782, Svo; vol. ii. 1731, Svo.
"This is an elaborate exposition, though deficient in the full
Wake, Marsh, James Stillingfleet, the Bristol Tract Society, Basil,
statement of evangelical motives. There are others by Kenn,
Woodd, Dixon, &c."-Bickersteth's Chris. Stu.
863
HOL
HOL
2. Prac. Discourses on all the Parts and Offices of the
Liturgy of the Church of Eng., 1714-16, 6 vols. 8vo.
Often bound in 4 or 5 vols. New ed., by Rev. J. A. Giles,
1837-38, 4 vols. 8vo.
"An elaborate practical work, but not duly exhibiting evan-
gelical motives.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
3. Prac. Discourses on Charity, Oxf., 1725, Svo.
An eminent authority remarks of the three works above
noticed,
"They are all characterized by good sense and sober piety."—
Horne's Bibl. Bib.
4. Serms. on Acts xiv. 17, 1720, Svo. 5. On Matt. xi.
6, 1721, 8vo. 6. On Acts v. 38, 39. 7. On 1 Tim. vi. 9,
10, 1721, 8vo. He also pub. several separate serms., and
some theolog. treatises.
Hole, Richard, d. 1803, succeeded to the living of
Farringdon in 1792. 1. Fingal, in rhyme. 2. Homer's
Hymn to Ceres, in English verse, 1781, Svo.
“A beautiful translation, though somewhat too paraphrastic."
3. Arthur; a Poet. Romance. 1789, 4to. 4. Remarks on
the Arabian Nights, 1797, Svo. See FOSTER, REV. EDWARD,
p. 616.
5. Character of Homer's Ulysses, 1807, 8vo.
Hole, Robert. Parthenia Inviolata; or, Mayden-
Musick for the Virginalls, 4to.
Hole, Wm., D.D. Archdeacon of Staple, son of the
preceding. 1. Observ. upon Ornaments in Churches, 4to.
2. Serm., Oxf., 1743, 8vo.
4.|
Holford, George, M.P. 1. Poems, 1789. 2. Destruc.
of Jerusalem, 1805, Svo. 3. Observations, 1808, Svo.
Speech, 1814, 8vo. 5. Speech, 1815, Svo. 6. Thoughts on
the Criminal Prisons of this Country, 1821. See Rev.
Sydney Smith's Works, Lon., 1854, ii. 202–239.
Holford, Mrs. M., of Chester. 1. Fanny and Selina;
a Tale. With Gresford Vale, and other Poems, Lon., 1798,
12mo. 2. Gresford Vale, &c., 1798, 4to. 3. Neither's the
Man; a Com., 1799, Svo. 4. First Impressions; a Nov.,
1801, 4 vols. 12mo. 5. Way to Win her; a Com., 1814.
Holford, Miss Margaret. See HoDSON, MRS.
Holgate, Jerome B. 1. Atlas of American Hist.,
1492–1842, N. York, 1842, fol. 2. Key to Historical Chart,
1838, Svo. 3. Conversations on the Present Age of the
World, in connection with Prophecy, Albany, 1852, 12mo.
4. American Genealogy; being a list. of some of the
Early Settlers of N. America, and their Descendants,
1856, 4to.
Holiband, Claudius. See HOLLYBAND.
Holiday, Barten. See HOLYDAY,
to be due to Reginald Wolfe, the king's printer, who de
signed originally nothing less than a universal Cos-
mography of the whole world." In 1807-08, 6 vols. 4to,
appeared a new ed. of the Chronicles, in which the Cas-
trations are restored. A copious Index-that rare luxury
-adds to the value of this noble set of quartos. Copies
are worth about £6 to £7, according to condition and
binding. Copies of the 1st and 2d eds. have been sold
for high prices. Of the 1st ed., Nassau's copy sold for
£15 158.; Steevens's for £22. Of the 2d ed., Steevens's
sold for £23; Reed's for £23 10s.; the Roxburghe for
£31 108.; Willett's for £36 48. 6d.; Sir Robert Smyth's
for £40. We are now quoting the highest prices with
which we are acquainted, with the exception of the re-
markable copy (a large-paper, if there were any on large
paper) in 4 vols., purchased by Richard Heber from Col.
Stanley's collection for £63. The reprint of 1807-08 has
diminished the value of the earlier edits. Hooker's trans.
from the Latin of Giraldus's Conquest of England, in
Holinshed's Chronicles, has been highly commended:
<<
Holinshed, Holinshead, Holingshed, or Hol-
lynshed, Raphael, known by the valuable chronicles
that go under his name, was descended from a family
which lived at Bosely, in Cheshire, and died between 1578
and 1582; and this is all that has been ascertained respect-
ing him.
The Chronicles of Englande, Scotlande, and
Ireland, Lon., 1577, 2 vols. fol. This is the first-or
Shakspeare" (so called because used by the great bard
in the arrangement of some of his plots)-cdition. It
contains many wood-cuts, which were omitted and the
language altered in the 2d edit., which appeared in
1686-87, 3 vols. fol.: commonly bound in two. This edit.
was supervised, corrected, and enlarged by Abraham
Fleming, and his brother Samuel assisted in compiling
the elaborate index. Holinshed was not the sole author
of these Chronicles. Vol. i. was partly composed by Wil-
liam Harrison, (q. "., pp. 793–794;) vol. ii. by Richard
Stanihurst; John Hooker, alius Vowell; R. H. or W. H.,
(probably Wm. Harrison;) Francis Boteville, alías Thin ;
and others; vol. iii. by John Stow, Fr. Thin, Abr. Fle-
ming, and others. Vol. i. gives us an Historical Description |
of Britain by Harrison, and the History of England,
"from the time that it was first inhabited until the time
that it was last conquered," by Holinshed. Vol. ii. con-
tains the History of Ireland, by Holinshed, &c., to 1509, |
and from 1509 to 1586, by Stanihurst and Hooker; also
the History of Scotland to 1571, by IIolinshed; and from
1571 to 1586, by Boteville and others. Vol. iii. contains
the History of England from William the Conqueror to
1577, by Holinshed; and from 1577 to 1586, by Stow, Fr.
Thin, Fleming, and others.
The credit of the plan of IIolinshed's Chronicle seems
"Barry's topographical labours appear to the best advantage in
Holinshed's Chronicle, translated and improved, with occasional
notes, by John Hooker, alias Vowell, vol. ii., edit. 1586."-Dildin's
Lib. Comp.
The same authority remarks that Holinshed's Chronicles
are
"By far the most popular and important of our historical records,
in print, during the time of Queen Elizabeth; and from which,
indeed, all modern historians have freely and largely borrowed."
—Ubi supra.
The chronicle of Holinshed is more full and complete thau
any of its predecessors, and less loaded with trifling matters....
The Description of England [Harrison's] prefixed to the first
volume is the most interesting and valuable document, as a pic-
ture of the country, and of the costume and mode of living of
its inhabitants, which the sixteenth century bas produced." See
Drake's Shakspeare and his Times.
"You would smile at my love of black-letter, were I to refer
you to Holinshed or Stowe; men, I assure you. by no means des-
picable."-DR. RICHARD FARMER: Lett. to a Friend on the Study of
Eng. Hist.
See also Biog. Brit.; Tanner's Bibliotheca; Bishop
Nicolson's Hist. Lib.; Herbert's Typ. Antiq.; Hallam's
Lit. Hist. of Europe, ed. 1854, i. 447, n.; Hallam's Con-
stit. Hist. of Eng., 1854, i. 146, n., &c.
A little experience in such studies will replace the smile
which Dr. Farmer feared by one of contentment and satis-
faction, and the delighted black-letter student will not
need much persuasion to induce him often to revel in
"Our old monkish chroniclers, those authentic and amusing
relators of passing occurrences, who carry the reader back with
them by an irresistible spell to the days in which they lived and
among the scenes and persons which they describe."-Lon. Quar.
Rev.
-
If he wish to dive deep into these picturesque records
of the past, we will aid him by a list of titles of a set of
Chronicles formerly (perhaps yet) offered for sale by Mr.
Henry G. Bohn, of Covent Garden, London:-1. FROIS-
SART, by Col. Johnes, 4 vols. 2. MONSTRELET, by Col.
Johnes, 4 vols. 3. ROBERT OF GLOUCESTER, 2 vols. 4.
PETER LANGTOFT, 2 vols. 5. JOINVILLE'S MEMOIRS, 1
vol. 6. HOLINSHED, 6 vols. 7. GRAFTON, 2 vols. S. WIL-
LIAM OF MALMESBURY, 1 vol. 9. HALL, 1 vol. 10. HAR-
DYNG, 1 vol. 11. FABYAN, 1 vol. 12. FULLER'S Wor-
THIES, 2 vols. 13. ARNOLD and RASTELL, 1 vol. In all,
28 vols. r. 4to, reprints, 1803-15. This noble set of books
is richly bound in olive morocco, gilt in the old style, mar-
bled and gilt edges, by no less a workman than CLARKE.
The price-ay, there's the rub!-the price asked was £105,
Another set, consisting of a portion only of these Chro-
nicles, is described by Dibdin in his Library Companion,
ed. 1825, p. 197.
Holkot, Robert. See HOLCOT.
Holland, Miss. Progressive Education; trans. of
Madame Necker de Saussure's Progressive Education,
Lon., vols. i. and ii., 1839, fp. 8vo; iii., 1843, 12mo.
"It is worthy the attention and serious perusal of every teacher,
every parent. every magistrate or divine, in the kingdom."—Lơn.
Educational Mag.
Holland, Capt. Observ. on the Islands of St. John
and Cape Breton; Phil. Trans., 1768.
Holland, Abraham. Naumachia; or, Holland's
Sea-Fight, Lon., 1622, 4to. This is a poem.
Holland, Edwin C., a lawyer of Charleston, S.C.,
pub. in 1814 a vol. of Odes, Naval Songs, and other Poems,
originally printed in the Phila. Port-Folio.
"The Continuation from 1576 to 1586 contained several curious
particulars, which gave great offence at the time of publication,
and were accordingly suppressed, whereby, says Herbert, the pag
ing from 1220 to 1275 is very irregular. According to Nicolson,
they extend from 1491 to 1536. These are called the Castrations
Holland, Elihu G., b. 1817, at Solon, Cortlandt
of Holinshed, and were republished by Dr. Drake. in 1728, in black-county, New York. 1. The Being of God and the Immortal
letter, in a thin folio volume. The curious. however, necessarily
look sharply after the original pages. A copy of this kind was in
the Harleian and another in Dr. Mead's collection."-Dildin's Lib.
Comp.
Life, 1846. 2. Reviews and Essays, 1849. See Brown-
son's Quar. Rev., iv. 135. 3. Essays; and The Highland
Treason, a Drama [founded on the treason of Arnold] in
5 Acts, 1852. 4. Memoir of the Rev. Joseph Badger, 1853.
}
861
HOL
HOL
Bee Christian Examiner for July, 1854; Duyckincks' Cyc. | 1856; Lon. Athen., 1855, 665-667, 699-701. See SиIтя,
of Amer. Lit.
REV. SYDNEY.
Holland,
1720, 8vo.
Francis. On Davisson's Serm., Lon.,
Holland, G. Immortality of the Soul, Lon., 1653,
8vo.
Holland, G. Calvert, M.D., has pub. several pro-
fessional works, Lon., 1838-50.
Holland, Henry. A Treat. against Witchcraft,
Camb., 1590, 4to. Other theolog. treatises, &c., Lon.,
1593-99.
|
Holland, Henry, a bookseller in London, a son of
Philemon Holland, the translator. 1. Basilioologia: a
Book of Kings; Effigies of all our English Kings from
the Conquest, Lon., 1618, fol. 32 Portraits. The "Dela-
bere copy" quoted by Granger, (preserved for 150 years
in the Delabere family,) containing 152 portraits, was cut
up and the portraits sold separately by Christie, March
29, 1811. The vol. sold in this way produced £601 12%. 6d.
See Granger's Biog. Hist. of Eng.; Dibdin's Lib. Comp.,
and his Bibliog. Decameron; Brunet's Manual; Lowndes's
Bibl. Manual. 2. Heroologia Anglia, 1620, 2 vols. fol.
This contains portraits (65 and frontispiece) of eminent
Englishmen, 1500-1620, with short lives. The engravings
are chiefly by Pass and Janson.
"This is the favourite volume of a thorough-bred Grangerite:
who, without pity or remorse. plunges his trenchant scissors into
the very abdomen of the tome."-Dibdin's Bibl. Decameron, q. v.:
see also his Lib. Comp.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
One of Edwards's copies, which had been Mariette's,
(who had annexed to each portrait the name of the collec-
tion from whence it was taken,) was sold for £13; another
of Edwards's, which had belonged to Buchelius, who wrote
Latin verses under each portrait, was sold for £15; Wil-
lett's for £18; Williams's for £27 168. 6d. But these are
the highest prices with which we are acquainted. Mr.
Joseph Lilly offers (in 1856) a fine copy, beautifully bound
by Clarke and Bedford, for £12 128.
Holland, Henry. A Pedigree of Lancasterian and
A Pedigree of Lancasterian and
Derbyshire Families of Hollands, &c., 1615, 8vo.
Holland, Henry. Physick, &c. in Pestilence, 1630.
Holland, Sir Henry, M.D., b. Oct. 27, 1788, at Knuts-
ford, in Cheshire, Physician-in-Ordinary to the Queen, 1852,
was created a baronet in 1853. His Thesis upon graduation
was on the Discases of Iceland. See MACKENZIE, SIR
George StewART, Bart. 1. General View of the Agricult.
of Cheshire, Lon., 1807, Svo. Commended in Donaldson's
Agricult. Biog. A Sketch of the Nat. Hist. of the Cheshire
Rock-salt District, by Dr. Holland, will be found in the
Geolog. Trans. i. 38; and a paper on the Manufacture of
the Sulphate of Magnesia at Monte della Guardia, near
Genoa, in Phil. Trans., 1816, 294. 2. Travels in the Ionian
Isles, Albania, Thessaly, and Greece, 1812-13, 4to, 1815,
23 38.; 2d ed., 1819, 2 vols. 8vo. An interesting work,
frequently referred to in the Life of Lord Byron.
"Classical. antiquarian, and statistical information is here in-
termixed with valuable remarks on the natural history, manners,
political state, &c. of the countries visited, especially Albania."
Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
Reviewed in Lon. Quar. Rev., xxiii. 325–360; and in the
Edin. Rev., xxv. 455-485. Both of these articles should
be read (as well as the Travels reviewed) by those inte-
rested in Modern Greece. 3. Medical Notes and Reflections;
2d ed., 1839, Svo. Amer. ed., Phila., 1836, Svo; 3d ed., Lon.,
1855, Svo. The 2d ed. was reviewed in Lon. Quar. Rev.,
Ixv. 315-340, q. v. The 3d ed. is noticed in the West-
minster Review for January, 1856, where this invaluable |
guide is justly described as
“A work which has done much to improve the general tone of
thought upon medical subjects in the mind both of the profession
and the public.”
In the 1st and 2d eds. there were a few chapters on
psychological subjects, which the author transferred to a
separate volume, viz.: (4.) Chapters on Mental Physiology,
1852, p. Svo. These have been replaced, in the 3d ed. of
Medical Notes and Reflections, by four new chapters. The
new ed. is also otherwise enlarged. 3d Amer. ed. of Medical
Notes and Reflections, Phila., 1857, 8vo. This excellent
work embodies the results of nearly forty years' active
practice in London.
Holland, Henry. See HOLLAND, ROBERt.
Holland, Henry Fox, first Lord, 1705-1774, second
son of Sir Stephen Fox, and father of Charles James Fox,
was the author of some fugitive poetry. See Park's Wal-
pole's R. and N. Authors.
Holland, Henry Edward Fox, fourth Lord, b.
1802, second son of the third Lord Holland. See next
article but one.
Holland, Henry Rich, Earl of, an adherent o-
Charles I., executed by the Parliamentarians, March 9,
1648-49, pub.-1. A Letter to the Lords of Parliament,
1641, 4to. 2. A Declaration made to the Kingdome, 1643,
4to. See Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors, iii. 34–36.
Holland, Henry Richard Vassall, third Lord,
1773-1840. See Fox. See also Lon. Gent. Mag., Dec.
1840, and authorities cited below. In addition to the
publications noticed in preceding articles, his lordship
wrote a Preface to Horace Walpole's Memoirs of George
II., 1822, 2 vols. r. 4to, 1846, 3 vols. 8vo, &c., and a Pre-
face to the Earl of Waldegrave's Memoirs, 1754-58, 1821,
4to. Since his death there has been pub.-1. Lord Hol
land's Foreign Reminiscences; edited by his son, Henry
Edward, fourth Lord Holland, 1850, p. 8vo; 2d ed., 1851,
p. 8vo. See Lon. Quar. Rev., lxxxviii. 492–528; Edin.
Rev., xciii. 137-171; Blackw. Mag., lxix. 335; Eclec.
Rev., 4th Ser., xxix. 335; Fraser's Mag., xliii. 220. 2.
his son, Henry Edward, fourth Lord Holland. Vol. i.,
Memoirs of the Whig Party during my Time; edited by
1852, p. 8vo; vol. ii., 1854, p. Svo. See Eclec. Rev., 4th
Ser., xxxi. 555; Athenæum. 1852, 295–297; 1854, 77–79;
Edin. Rev., April, 1856. The reader must also consult
Lord Holland's Opinions as recorded in the House of
Lords, 1797-1841, cr. Svo, 1841. Collected by D. C. Moy-
lan.
Reviewed by T. B. Macaulay, in Edin. Rev., July,
1841; in his Crit. and Hist. Essays. iii. 56-68. See also
Lord Brougham's Statesmen of the Time of George III.,
ed. 1856, vol. ii. 257–271; Lady Holland's Life of the Rev.
Sydney Smith, 1855, 2 vols. Svo.
Holland, Hezekiah, minister at Sutton Valence.
1. Serms., John xiii. 1, Lon., 1649, Svo. 2. Comment. on
the Revelation of St. John, 1650, 4to. 3. Adam's Condi-
tion in Paradise, &c., 1656, 4to.
Holland, Hugh, a poet, "Mr. Camden's grateful
scholar:" (Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib.) 1. Monu-
menta Sepulchralia Sancti Pauli, Lon., 1614, 4to.
-6
A mean and dull performance in comparison of that more
absolute one of Sir Will. Dugdale in his history of that cathedral
from its first foundation."-BISHOP NICOLSON: ubi supra.
2. A Cypres Garland for the Sacred Forehead of our
late Soueraine King James, 1625, 4to; twelve leaves.
3.
Ecclesia Sancti Pavli illvstrata, 1633, 4to. Holland pre-
fixed verses to the first fol. ed. of Shakspeare's Plays, and
left some compositions in MS. See Brydges's Phillips's
Theat. Poet. Anglic., 324-325.
Holland, John, a Dissenting minister. 1. Two
Serms., Luke xxi. 34, Lon.. 1750, 8vo. 2. Serms., 1753,
2 vols. 8vo. Highly commended by Lon. Month. Repository.
Holland, John, a Dissenting minister. 1. Geography;
5th ed., Lon., 1813, Svo. 2. History: new ed., 1815, 12mo.
3. Definitions, &c., 1804, 12mo. 4. Ralph Warrison's Serms.,
with bis Life and a Discourse, 1813, Svo.
Holland, John. 1. A Treat. on Manufactures in
Metals, Lon., 1834, 3 vols. fp. Svo; new ed., 1841, 3 vols.
fp. Svo. (Lardner's Cyc.) 2. Hist. of Fossil Fuel, &c.,
1841, Svo.
Holland, John. 1. The Psalmists of Britain, Lon.,
1843, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. With James Everett, Memoirs of
the Life and Writings of James Montgomery: including
Selections from his Correspondence, Remains in Prose and
Verse, and Conversations, Lon., 7 vols. p. Svo: i.-iv., 1855;
v.-vii., 1856. Vols. i. and ii. were reviewed in the London
Times: see Bost. Liv. Age, xlvii. 282-288: MONTGOMERY,
JAMES.
Holland, John. Poems, Bost., 1858, 12mo.
Holland, Joseph, was the author of a number of
antiquarian papers pub. in Hearne's Discourses. See list
in Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Holland, Josiah Gilbert, M.D., b. July 24, 1819,
at Belchertown, Mass. 1. Hist. of Western Massachusetts,
Springfield, 1855, 2 vols. 12mo. This is one of the most
valuable contributions to American local history yet given
to the world. 2. The Bay Path: a Colonial Tale, N. York,
1857, 12mo. Highly commended. 3. Timothy Titcomb's
Letters to the Young, N.Y., 1858, 12mo. Nine editions
pub. in a few months.
We have never read a work which better inculcates the several
Holland, Lady, formerly Miss Saba Smith, a
daughter of the late Rev. Sydney Smith, Canon-Residen-
tiary of St. Paul's Cathedral, London, was married to
the preceding in 1834. A Memoir of the Rev. Sydney to the world.
A Memoir of the Rev. Sydney
Smith, by his Daughter, Lady Holland, with a Selection
from his Letters, edited by Mrs. Austin, Lon., 1855, 2
vols. 8vo; 1st ed. pub. in May and the 4th in December.
See Blackw. Mag., March, 1856; N. Amer. Rev., Jan.
55
$65
HOL
HOL
duties and responsibilities of young men and women, married or
single."—London Literary Gazette.
4. Bitter Sweet, 1858, 12mo. Edited a vol. of Mrs. D.
E. G. Shepherd's Poems, Springfield, 1854, 12mo. Dr.
Holland has been editor of the Springfield (Mass.) Repub-
lican since 1847.
Holley, Horace, D.D., 1781-1827, a native of Salis-
bury, Conn., grad. at Yale College in 1803; minister of
Greenfield Hill, Fairfield, 1805; minister of the Hollis
Street (Unitarian) Church, Boston, 1809; President of
Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, 1818-27.
He pub. several occasional sermons and addresses, and
Holland, Mary. The British Cook, Lon., 1800, 12mo. contributed papers to the Western Review and other peri-
Holland, Philemon, M.D., d. 1636, in his S5thodicals. See Memoir of Dr. Holley, by his widow; a Dis-
year, a native of Chelmsford, Essex, and Fellow of and course on his Life and Character, by Chas. Caldwell, M.D.,
educated at Trin. Coll., Camb., subsequently became Head- | Bost., 1828; and a review of this Discourse, in N. Amer.
Master of Coventry Free-School, and a physician. His Rev., xxvii. 403-415, by Edward Everett.
versions into English of the following works gave him the
title of the "Translator-General" of his age. 1. Livy, Lon.,
1600, fol.
"One of the most eloquent speakers of the age,-or declaimers,
rather: a showy, beautiful rhetorician;... a miserable prose writer
He never
-in comparison with himself, as a speaker, we mean.
appears to say what he means, or to mean what he says, with a
pen."-American Writers: No. 4, in Blackw. Mag., xvii. 57.
Holley, Mrs. Mary Austin, d. 1846, married in
1805 to the preceding, visited Texas in 1831, and pub., ir
1833, Texas; Observations, Historical, Geographical, and
Descriptive, &c., Balt., 12mo.
"Mrs. Holley has given an agreeable account of her visit, in her
own femininely graceful style, yet by no means destitute of ex-
pression and force; and her statements, as to the natural features
of the country, are, in substance, correct."-JUDGE BULLARD: N.
Amer. Rev.. xliii. 257.
Translated by that old worthy, Philemon, who, for the service
which he rendered to his contemporaries and to his countrymen
deserves to be called the best of the Hollands, without disparag-
ing either the Lord or the Doctor of that appellation."-Southey's
Doctor.
The whole of this trans. was said to have been written
with one pen, which a lady had set in silver and pre-
served as a curiosity. 2. Pliny's Natural Hist. of the
World, 1601, '34, 2 vols. fol.
A work of immense labour, the only encyclopedia of the
ancient world. What few men of his time could have executed
in a manner superior to Dr. Holland."-DR. A. CLARKE.
3. Plutarch's Morals. 4. Suetonius. 5. Arminius Mar-
cellinus. 6. Xenophon's Cyropædia. 7. Camden's Bri-
tannia, 1610, 37, fol. Holland made some alterations,
for which Bishop Nicolson takes him to task: see Eng.
Hist. Lib., 1776, 3-4. See also CAMDEN, WILLIAM, p. 194
of this Dictionary. He also trans. into Latin the Geo-
graphical part of Speed's Theatre of Great Britain, and a
French Pharmacopoeia of Brice Bauderon. He was the
father of Henry Holland, the bookseller, (vide ante.)
|
Holland, Philip, a Unitarian minister of Bolton,
Lancashire, for 33 years. 1. Serm., 1760, Svo. 2. Serm.,
1780, Svo. 3. Serm., 1782, Svo. 4. Serms. on Practical
Subjects, 1792, 2 vols. 8vo.
Holland, Sir (?) Richard. The Duke of the Howlat,
Edin., 1823, 4to. Of this poetical satire on K. James VI.
of Scotland, composed about the middle of the 15th cen-
tury, and attributed to Richard or Sir Richard Holland,
seventy copies, with Preface, &c., were presented to the
Bannatyne Club, by David Laing, Esq.
Holland, Richard. 1. Parallax of a Comet, &c.,
Oxf., 1688, Svo. 2. Globe Notes, Lon., 1682, '84, Svo.
Holland, Richard. Serms., 1698-1702.
Holland, Richard, M.D. Nature and Cure of the
Small Pox, Lon., 1728, 12mo; 1730, '40, '46, Svo.
Holland, Robert, minister of the church of Pren-
dergast. The Holie Historie of our Lord and Saviovr Iesus
Christ's Natiuitie, &c., Lon., 1594, sm. Svo.
6.
Gathered into English meeter, and published to withdraw
vaine wits from all unsaverie and wicked rimes and fables, to
some love and liking of spirituall songs and holy scriptures.”
The author is erroneously called, by Herbert, Henry
Holland. Very rare. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 391, £25; resold,
Saunders's, in 1818, £5 58. 6d.
Holland, Samuel. Romancio-Mastrix; or, A Ro-
mance on Romances, 1660, 12mo. See Lowndes's Bibl.
Man., 948.
Holland, Samuel. Astronom.con.to Phil. Trans., 1769.
Holland, Samuel, M.D., Rector of Poynings. 1.
Serm., Tit. ii. 1, 1814, 8vo; 3d ed., 1815, 8vo. 2. Serm.,
1816, Svo.
Holland, Thomas.
1. Oratio, Oxon., 1599, 4to.
2. Serm., 1601, 4to.
Holland, Thomas. Acct. rel. to A. Bell, Lon.,
1762, Svo.
Holles, Denzil, Lord, M.P., 1597-1680, second son
of John, the first Earl of Clare, was one of the most emi-
nent of the popular leaders in the reign of Charles I., and
the head of the Presbyterian party in Parliament; but he
subsequently displeased his old friends, was impeached
for high treason, aided in the Restoration, was raised to
the peerage by Charles II., and sent ambassador to France.
He was the author of a number of Speeches, Letters, &c.,
pub. 1641-82,-see Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors,
but is best known by his Memoirs (written when he was
an exile in France) from 1641 to 1648, Lon., 1699, Svo.
They are little more than the apology for his own conduct,
and a virulent satire on his adversaries."-HORACE Walpole,
"They are worth reading.... To understand the conduct of
Cromwell and the Republicans, not only must the Memoirs of
Holles be read, but those of Ludlow.”—PROF. SMYTH: Lects. on
Mod. Hist.
M
Holles, Thomas, Duke of Newcastle. Memorial of
the Negociation between his High Mightiness of Clerinont
and his Sublime Excellency of Ilayes, Lon., 1662, 4to.
Mrs. Holley also pub. a memoir of her husband, already
noticed.
Holley, O. L. 1. Life of Benj. Franklin, N. York,
12mo. 2. Descrip. of the City of New York, 1847, 18mo.
Holliday, Rev. Francis. 1. Syntagma Matheseos,
Lon., 1745, Svo. 2. Miscellanea Curiosa Mathematica,
1745-49, 4to. 9 Nos. 3. Gunnery, 1756. 4. Fluxions,
1778, Svo.
Holliday, John. Putrid Bilious Fever, Lon., 1795,
Svo.
Holliday, John, d. 1801, aged 71. 1. Life of Wm.,
Earl of Mansfield, Lon., 1797, 4to. 2. The British Oak;
a Poem. 1800, 4to.
Hollings, Dr. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1716.
Hollingshead, Wm., D.D., a minister of Charles-
ton, S.C., d. 1817, pub. three serms., 1787, '94, 1805.
Hollingsworth, Nathaniel. 1. Serms., 1801, 12mo.
2. Serm., 1809. 3. Serm., 1810. 4. Recommendation of
5. Claims
the Madras System of Education, 1812, 8vo.
of Bell and Lancaster, 1812, 12mo.
Hollingsworth, S. 1. Account of Nova Scotia, Lon.,
1786, Svo. 2. Manners, Government, &c. of Africa, Edin.,
1788, 4to.
Hollingworth, J. B. Serms., Lon., 1812, 8vo.
Hollingworth, Richard. Theolog. treatises, 1640-
56.
Hollingworth, Richard, D.D., Vicar of Westham,
and Rector of St. Botolph's, Aldgate, pub. six serms., 1673-
93, and several treatises upon the famous EIKON BAƐIAIKH
controversy, for an account of which publications, see
Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; GAUDEN, JOHN,
D.D., and authorities there cited, in this Dictionary, p. 656.
Hollingworth, Rudolph. De Justificatione ex
sola Fide pro Luthero ac Protestantibus adv. Smithæuin
ac Pontificios, Dubl., 1640, Svo.
Hollis, John. 1. Reasons for Scepticism, 1796, 8vo.
2. Sequel to No. 1, Lon., 1799, 8vo.
Hollis, Thomas, 1720–1774, an ardent advocate of
civil and religious liberty, was the great-nephew of Thomas
Hollis, (1659-1731,) the munificent benefactor of Harvard
College. Indeed, not only is the latter entitled to that
appellation, but his brothers John and Nathaniel, his
nephew the second Thomas, his great-nephew the third
Thomas, (the subject of this notice,) and the heir of the
third Thomas,-Thomas Brand Hollis,-were all contri-
butors to this institution. The subject of this notice pub.
at considerable expense-1. A new ed. of Toland's Life
of Milton, 1761, 8vo. Edited, with Notes, by T. Hollis.
This is the best ed. of Toland's Milton. 2. An accurate
ed. of Algernon Sydney's Discourses concerning Govern-
ment; with his Letters, Trial, Apology, and Memoirs of
his Life, 1763, 4to. Edited by T. Hollis. 3. The Works
of Algernon Sydney; a new ed., with Additions, by T.
Hollis, 1772, r. 4to. 4. Joannis Wallisii Grammatica Lin-
guæ Anglicanæ, &c., 1765, 8vo. Hollis meditated an ed.
of Andrew Marvell's Works, but did not carry out his
design. He was an earnest promoter of the spirit of free-
dom in America, and aided in the republication of the
political treatises of Mayhew, Otis, and John Adams.
His Memoirs, compiled by the Rev. Francis Blackburn,
Archdeacon of Cleveland, were privately printed by his
friend and heir, Thomas Brand Hollis, (originally Thomas
Brand,) in 1780, 2 vols. 4to; splendidly illustrated by Bar-
tolozzi, Bazire, &c., with portraits of Milton, Locke, Al-
860
HOL
HOL
Hollyband, Claudius, schoolmaster, pub. a Gram-
mar, Dictionarie, and other educational works for the
learners of Latine, Frenche, English, and Italian, Lou.,
1573-99. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.;
Lon. Retrosp. Rev., iv. 72, 1821. His Dictionarie, French
and Euglish, 1593, 4to, is said to be the first French and
English Dictionary pub. in England.
gernon Sydney, A. Marvell, Hutcheson, Hubert Languet,
(author of the Vindicia contra Tyrannos, &c.;) in all,
13 portraits and plates. The collector should look for a
copy with the "starred pages," containing the severe
review of Dr. Johnson's Life of Milton, and the portrait
of Sir Isaac Newton. These pages (often deficient) occur
between 532 and 585,-viz.: 533* to 576,* 579, 580,*
577 to 584. Such copies would formerly bring from £6
to £8, but can now (1856) be had for about £2. These vols.
contain much curious information respecting Milton, &c.
not to be found elsewhere, and correspondence with pro-
minent Americans of the time. But note that these Me-
moirs are not to be confounded with the Memoirs of
Thomas Brand Hollis, by John Disney, D.D., 1808, 4to;
privately printed. Respecting the Hollises, see Memoirs
as above, Gent. Mag., vol. lxxiv.; Colman's and Wiggles-
worth's Serms.; Greenwood's Discourse, and Rudd's Poem;
Holines; Morse's True Reasons; Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.;
Monthly Anthology for 1808; Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Chal-
mers's Biog. Dict.; Dibdin's Lib. Comp.; Pierce's Hist.
of Harvard Univ. from 1636 to the Ainer. Revolution;
Josiah Quincy's Hist. of do. 1636 to 1840, 2 vols. 1840,
8vo; Saml. A. Eliot's Sketch of the Hist. of do., and of
its present state, 1848, 12mo; Judge Story's Life and Let-
ters, ii. 125-127; Bost. Chris. Exam., (by J. Walker,) vii.
64; Spirit of the Pilgrims, ii. 581; Lon. Gent. Mag., Jan.
1849, p. 37; DISNEY, JOHN, (Museum Disneianum,) in this
Dictionary.
Hollybushe, John. 1. The Newe Testament, both
in Latine and Englishe; trans. by Johan Hollybushe, Lon.,
1538, 4to. Very rare. This trans. was really made by
Myles Coverdale. See Cotton's Editions of the Bible, ed.
1852, 13-14; Walter's Lett. to the Bp. of Peterborough,
31. 2. Expos. of Magnificat, &c., South,, 1538, fol.; 1538,
8vo. 3. Homish Apothecarye, 1561, fol.
!
Hollister, G. H. 1. Mount Hope, or Philip, King
of the Wampanoags; an Historical Romance, N. York,
1851, 12mo. Highly commended. 2. Hist. of Connecticut,
1855, 2 vols.
"Such a library [“ a working library," such as we wish ours to
be] must be well provided with books of direct, positive utility.
These are c/ two classes:-the great standard books which are never
antiquated, and the valuable new books which are constantly aping
pearing in every department of science and literature. Our library
is amply supplied with many of the books belonging to the first
class, thanks to the bounty of the Hollises and other noble bene-
factors in earlier or later days."-HON. EDWARD EVERETT: Aid to
the Colleges, 1848: Orations and Speeches, 1859, ii. 547.
Holloran, L., D.D. The Battle of Trafalgar, 1806.
Holloway, Rev. B. Pits for Fullers'-Earth in
Bedfordshire; Phil. Trans., 1723.
Holloway, Benjamin, Rector of Blayden and
Middleton-Stoney, Oxfordshire. 1. Serm., 1 Cor. ii. 23-26,
Oxf., 1736, Svo. 2. Three Serms., Acts ii. 38, 1739. Svo.
3. Originals, Physical and Theological, &c., 1750, 2 vols.
8vo. 4. Letter and Spirit; or, Annotations upon the Holy
Scriptures according to both, 1753, Svo.
"This work is Hutchinsonianism and Origenism in perfection.
The whole volume is occupied with the book of Genesis, every
word of which it spiritualizes to absurdity. It is needless to
wonder at the Fathers or the Mystics, when such elaborate pro-
ductions as this and the Divine Originals, by the same author,
have appeared in our own time."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Holloway, James.
James. Confession and Narrative, fol.
Holloway, James Thomas, D.D., Minister of
Fitzroy Chapel, London. 1. The Analogy of Faith; in
sixteen Serms., 1836, Svo.
"These are valuable discourses, and accurately trace the life of
David and the method of God's dealings with him."-Lon. Chris.
Rememb.
2. Funl. Serm., Lon., 1836, Svo. 3. Baptismal Regenera-
tion, &c.; a Lett. to the Lord-Bishop of London; 2d ed.,
1843. Svo, pp. 104. 4. Eucharista, 1845, 18mo.
Holloway, John. Lett. to Dr. Price on his Serm.
entit. The Love of our Country, Lon., 1798, 8vo.
Holloway, John George. A Month in Norway,
Lon., 1853, 12mo.
Holloway, H. R.
Wight, Lon., 1849. 12mo.
Svo. 3. Topography of the
18mo.
1. Walks round Rye, Isle of
2. Manual of Chanting, 1850,
Isle of Wight, by Hillier, 1852,
Holloway, Robert, a London lawyer, pub. several
treatises against the professional practices of his legal
brethren, 1771-1805.
;
Holloway, Wm. Poems, Tales, Natural Hist., &c.,
1798-1812. See BRANCH, JoнN.
Holloway, Wm. 1. General Dictionary of Pro-
vincialisms, Lewes, 8vo.
"We recommend careful reference to a useful manual lately
published, the General Dictionary of Provincialisms, by Holloway.”
-Lon. Quar. Rev.
This is the only general work on the subject of English
Provincialisms, and incorporates those of Grose, Jennings,
Forby, Price, Jim Robbin, and others. It contains up-
wards of 9000 words, and, in addition to the explanations,
eives descriptions of many local customs.
2. Hist. and Antiq. of the Town and Port of Rye, 1847,
3vo. 3. Hist. of Romney Marsh, Kent, 1849, Svo.
Hollyngus, Edm., a native of England, Medical
Professor at Ingolstadt. 1. De Salubri Studiosorum Victų,
Ing., 1602, Svo. 2. Medicamentorum Economia Nova, &c.,
1610, Svo.
Holman, James, Lt. R.N., d. 1857, celebrated as
"The Blind Traveller." 1. Journey in France, Italy, Savoy,
&c.. Lon., 8vo. See Madden's Literary Life and Corresp.
of the Countess of Blessington, 1855. 2. Travels through
Russia, Siberia, Poland, Austria, Saxony, &c., 1825, 2
vols. Svo This work gives us an interesting account of
the imprisonment of the author by the Russian Govern-
ment on suspicion of his being a spy. 3. Voyage Round
the World, 1840, 4 vols. 8vo.
For this work we cannot but anticipate a circulation as wide,
we were going to say, as the author's travels."-Lon. Literary
Gazette.
"We have seldom met with any work so replete with interest-
information.”—Lon. Observer.
Holman, James T. Digest of the Reported Cases
in the Cts. of Tennessee, 1796-1835. Nashville, 1835, Svo.
Holman, Joseph George, d. 1817, a native of
London, was manager of the theatre in Charleston, S.
Carolina. 1. Abroad and at Home; a Comic Opera, 1796,
Svo. 2. Red-Cross Knight; a Play, 1799, Svo. 3. Votary
4. What a Blunder! a
of Wealth; a Com., 1799, 8vo.
Comic Opera, 1800, Svo. 5. Love Gives the Alarm; a
Com., 1804. Not printed. 6. The Gazette Extraordinary;
a Com., 1811, Svo. An account of Holman will be found
in Biog. Dramat.
Holme, John. Serm., Lon., 1582, 8vo.
Holme, Rev. John. 1. Satin Spar; Trans. Linn.
Soc., 1812. 2. Arragonite, Ibid., 1813.
Holme, Randle, of the city of Chester, Gentleman
Sewer-in-Extraordinary to Charles II., and some time
deputy for the King-at-Arms. The Academy of the
Armory; or, a Storehouse of Armory and Blazon, Chester,
16SS, fol. About 1104 pages. Some copies have a title-
page, London, 1701.
•
The book is a most heterogeneous and extraordinary composi-
tion, and may be well denominated a Pantalogia. . . . It is con-
sidered to be one of the most scarce of Heraldic books, and that
not more than fifty copies are to be found in the kingdom.”—
Moule's Bibl. Heraldica, 235-242. q. v. for an interesting account
of this remarkable olla podrida.
See also George Ormerod's Hist. of Cheshire, and Beloe's
Anecdotes.
Anecdotes. Sykes's copy sold for £10; Brockett's for
£13 68.
"Dr. Johnson confessed, with much candour, that the Address
to the Reader at the end of this book suggested the idea of his
own inimitable preface to his Dictionary.”—Beloe's Anecdotes, vi.
342.
In 1821 some benevolent individual pub. An Index of
the Names of Persons contained in this work, Lon., fol.
pp. 46.
Holme, Wilfred, of Huntington, Yorkshire. The
Fall and euill Successe of Rebellion, &c., Lon., 1572, 4to.
Black-letter, pp. 68. Bibl. Anglo-Poet.,339,£25. Sotheby'ɛ,
in 1821, £9 2s. 6d. This poem refers to the commotions.
in the northern parts of the island in 1537, consequent
upon the Reformation.
for its adherence to alliteration, is quoted by Holinshed and
It is a curious production, and, although disliked by Warton
mentioned in terms of praise by the learned Bale.”—Bibl. Anglo-
Poet., 147.
"Alliteration is here carried to the most ridiculous excess.
The poem, probably from its political reference, is mentioned by
Hollinshed. Bale, who overlooks the author's poetry in his piety,
thinks that he has learnedly and perspicuously discussed the ab
surdities of popery."- Warlon's IÏist. of Eng. Poet,
Holmes, Major. Pendulum Watches; Phil. Trans.,
1665.
Holmes, Abiel, D.D., 1763-1837, a native of Wood-
stock, Connecticut, graduated at Yale College in 1783, and
shortly afterwards became tutor in that institution; pastor
of a congregation in Midway, Georgia, 1788-91; pastor
of the First Congregational Church, Cambridge, Mass.,
1792-1832. In addition to the work by which he is best
867
IIOL
HOL
1
known, The Annals of America,-Dr. Holmes was author:
of Life of President Ezra Styles, (father of his first
wife) pub., in 1798, a Memoir of the French Protestants,
and a Hist. of the Town of Cambridge, in Mass.Hist. Collec.;
Dr.
and about thirty sermons and historical treatises.
Holmes was first married in 1790 to Mary, daughter of Dr.
Ezra Styles, President of Yale College. She died in 1795,
leaving no children. In 1800 he married Sarah, daughter
of the Hon. Oliver Wendell, of Boston, and had issue-1.
Mary Jackson, married to Usher Parsons, M.D.; 2. Ann
Susan, married to the Hon. Charles Wentworth Upham;
3. Sarah Lathrop, who died in childhood; 4. Oliver Wen-
dell Holmes, M.D., one of the most popular of American
poets and wits, (vide post ;) 5. John Holmes, of Cambridge.
For further particulars respecting this excellent man and
accurate historian, see Dr. Jenks's Funeral Serm; Duyc-
kincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.; American Almanac, 1838,
316-317; Mass. Hist. Collec., vol. vii. Dr. Holmes's
M
American Annals, or a Chronological History of Ame-
rica from its Discovery in 1492 to 1806, was pub. at Cam-
bridge, Mass., in 1805, 2 vols. Svo. It was reviewed with
considerable severity by Robert Southey, in the London
Quarterly for Nov. 1809, iv. 319-337. An ed. was pub.
in London by Sherwood in 1813, 2 vols. 8vo. A new ed.,
with a continuation, under the title of The Annals of
America, &c. to the year 1826, was put forth at Cambridge,
Mass., in 1829, 2 vols. Svo, "with such improvements as
leave nothing to desire."
The new edition of the American Annals is one of the best
works of the kind ever published. Every thing of importance
relating to the history of America is related in the order in which
it happened, in a clear and concise manner, with copious and in-
teresting notes, in which references are made to the most important
authorities, by which the reader who wishes for more extensive
information on the subject may gratify bis curiosity without the
trouble of turning over a great number of volumes."-Rich's
Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 66, 217.
Dr. Holmes's American Annals is a work of great industry
and research, and is an invaluable treasure to the future writers
of American history, but claims no merit but that of faithful com-
pilation."-Sketches of the Lil. of the U. States, by Rev. Timothy
Flint; Lon. Athenæum, 1825, p. 803.
·
•
"This new edition of the American Annals, with such improve
ments as the author has introduced into it, we consider among
the most valuable productions of the American press. In the
American Annals it is the author's exclusive object to embody
facts, drawn from what he deems the best authorities, and selected
according to the mature light of his judgment. In this aim he
seems to us eminently successful, especially when it is considered
through what a vast field he has ranged, and what difficulties he
must have encountered in collecting his materials and fixing his
choice. . . . It is the best repository of historical, chronological,
and biographical knowledge respecting America that can be found
embodied in one work.”—JARED SPARKS: N. Amer. Rev., xxix. 428–
441; Oct. 1829.
•
t
C:
A valuable work, displaying great industry and research."-
Lowndes's Bibl. Møn.
·
б
"The name of Holmes ought not to be mentioned without a
tribute to his memory. No student of our history but owes him
gratitude. The accomplished annalist feared no labour; he was
indefatigable in his love of truth. He had seen much of the
country; his correspondence was wide, his zeal untiring.
Take it all in all, the Annals of Holines' constitute a work which
in its kind has never been equalled among us. and has few paral-
lels anywhere."-N. Amer. Rev. xlvi. 481; April, 1838.
Holmes's Annals has now (1856) become a liber rarissi-
mus, and can rarely be purchased. Our copy was a present
from our enterprising publisher and valued friend, Mr.
George W. Childs, of Philadelphia, whose excellent collec-
tion of works on American History is well calculated to
excite the cupidity of the ravished spectator.
Holmes, Mrs. Dalkeith. A Ride on Horseback
to Florence, through France and Switzerland, by a Lady;
lescribed in a Series of Letters, Lon., 1842, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
"The republic of female travellers, already so well stocked with
distinguished members, ought, in gratitude for a book at once so
pleasant and so creditable to the bravery of the sex, to appoint
Mrs. Dalkeith Holmes as its Mistress of the Horse. She is a plea-
gunt, sensible, unaffected, and well-read gentlewoman."-Lon.
Athenaum.
Some of Mrs. Holmes's poetical compositions will be
found in the Dublin Univ. Magazine, xxiii. 343–347.
Holmes, David, minister of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, b. 1809, at Newburgh, New York. 1. Pure Gold;
or, Truth in its Native Loveliness, Auburn, 12mo, pp. 280.
2. The Wesley Offering, 1852, 12mo, pp. 300. 3. With Rev.
J. M. Austin, a Discussion upon the doctrine of the Atone-
ment, Universal Salvation, and Endless Punishment, 12mo,
pp. 800. Editor of The Mirror of the Soul, and also of
The Christian Prencher.
Holmes, E. Exploration of Aroostook Territory in
1838, Augusta, Me., 1839.
Holmes, Rev. Edward. Materiality of the Soul,
Lon., 1790, 8vo.
Holmes, Edward. 1. A Ramble among the Moun-
tains of Germany. 2. Life and Corresp. of Mozart, Lou.,
1845, p. Svo.
>7
“This is decidedly the best and most complete biography of the
great composer we have seen.' Westminster Review.
"In every respect a most admirable piece of biography.”—New
Monthly Mog.
Holmes, George, 1662-1749, Clerk to the Keepers
of the Records in the Tower for nearly sixty years, repub.
the first 17 vols. of Rymer's Foedera; 2d ed., 1727. His
books, prints, coins, medals, &c. were sold by auction in
1749, and his widow received £200 from the government
for his papers, which were deposited in the Tower.
Holmes, George. Sketches of some of the Southern
Counties of Ireland in 1797, Lon., 1801, Svo.
Holmes, Isaac, of Liverpool, England. An Account
of the United States of America; derived from actual
Observation during a Residence of Four Years in that
Republic, Lon., 1823, Svo.
6.
· Mr. Holmes is rather a diffuse and inaccurate writer; but he
makes no pretensions to literary excellence, and his object is to
present a modest but true statement of things as they are in the
American republic."—-Lon. Month. Rev., ci. 804-312; June, 1823.
Holmes, Rev. James. Moscow, or Triumphant
Self-Devotion; a Poem, 1813, '15,
Svo.
Holmes, J. H. H. 1. Coal Mines, &c., Lon., 1816,
Svo. 2. Safety Lamps for do.; Thom. Ann. Philos., 1816.
Holmes, Rev. James Ivory. The Revelation of
St. John elucidated, Lon., 1815, 2 vols. 8vo.
Holmes, John. Greek Grammar, 1735, 8vo; 1737, 4to.
Holmes, John, minister of the United Brethren
Congregation in Dublin. Hist. Sketches of the Missions
of the United Brethren to the Heathen, Dubl., 1818, Svo.
Holmes, John. Descrip. Cat. of the Books in the
Library of John Holmes; with notices of Authors and
Printers, Norw., 1818, Svo. Privately printed.
Holmes, John. The Statesman; or, Principles of
Legislation and Law, Augusta, 1840, Svo.
Holmes, John, 1800-1854, an eminent bibliographer,
Assistant Keeper of the MSS. in the British Museum,
1830–54, edited, in 1852, a new ed. of Cavendish's Life
of Cardinal Wolsey, contributed notes to the last two eds.
of Wordsworth's Eccles. Biog., to Pepys's Diary, and Eve-
lyn's Life of Mrs. Godolphin, and compiled several cata-
logues, &c. The valuable article in the Lon. Quar. Rev.
for May, 1843, lxxiii. 1–25, entitled Libraries and Cata-
logues, was written by Mr. Holmes. See Lon. Gent. Mag.,
July, 1854.
Holmes, Launcelot. Holy Things, Lon., 1716, Svo.
Holmes, Mrs. Mary J. 1. Tempest and Sunshine;
or, Life in Kentucky, N.Y., 1854, 12mo. 2. The English
Orphans; or, A Home in the New World, 1855, 12mo. Very
favourably noticed in the N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1855, lxxxi.
557. 3. The Homestead on the Hillside, &c., 1856, 12mo.
4. Lena Rivers, 1856, 12mo. 5. Meadow Brook, 1857, 12mo.
Holmes, Nathaniel, D.D. See HOMES.
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, M.D., a son of Abiel
Holmes, D.D., b. at Cambridge, Massachusetts, Aug. 29,
1809, graduated at Harvard University in 1829, and sub-
sequently devoted about a year to the study of law. In
1833 he visited Europe, and-having resolved to exchange
Coke and Blackstone for Galen and Esculapius-employed
between two and three years in attendance on the hospitals
of Paris, and other laborious researches connected with
the duties of his new profession. In 1835 he returned to
Boston, took his medical degree at Cambridge in 1836,
was elected Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in Dart-
mouth College in 1838, and succeeded Dr. Warren as Pro-
fessor of Anatomy in the Medical Department of Harvard
University in 1847. In 1849 Dr. Holmes relinquished
general practice. He resides during the winter princi-
pally in Boston, and spends the remainder of the year on
an estate which once belonged to his great-grandfather, the
Hon. Jacob Wendell, situated on the banks of the Housa-
tonic, in Pittsfield, Berkshire county, Massachusetts.
Some of the earlier poetical productions of this popular
poet originally appeared in The Collegian, a periodical
pub. in 1830 by a number of the students of Harvard
University; in Illustrations of the Athenæum Gallery of
Paintings, 1831; and in The Harbinger, a May Gift, 1833.
In 1836 Dr. Holmes delivered, before the Harvard Phi
Beta Kappa Society, Poetry, a Metrical Essay,—which
established his reputation as a poet.
"It is in the heroic measure, and in its versification is not sur-
passed by any poem written in this country. It relates to the
nature and offices of poetry, and is itself a series of brilliant illus
trations of the ideas of which it is an expression."-Griswold's
Poets and Poetry of America.
This Metrical Essay-a very successful essay it provel
865
HIOL
IIOL
j
|
-was pub. in the first collective ed. of his Poems issued
at Boston, in 1836, 12mo, pp. 163. In 1843 he gave to
the world Terpsichore, a poem, read at the annual dinner
of the Phi Beta Kappa Society in that year; and in 1846
he pub. Urania, a Rhymed Lesson, pronounced before the
Mercantile Library Association. A review of Urania, by
Francis Bowen, will be found in the N. Amer. Rev. for
January, 1847, lxiv. 208-216:
for an exquisite finish and grace. His lyrics ring and sparkle like
cataracts of silver; and his serious pieces-as successful in their
way as those mirthful frolics of his muse for which he is best
known-arrest the attention by touches of the most genuine
pathos and tenderness.
pathos and tenderness. All his poems illustrate a manly feeling,
and have in some of them a current of good sense, the more
charming because somewhat out of fashion now in works of ima-
gination and fancy."-R. W. GRISWOLD: ubi supra.
"To write good comic verse is a different thing from writing
good comic poetry. A jest or a sharp saying may be easily made
to rhyme; but to blend ludicrous ideas with fancy and imagina-
tion, and display in their conception and expression the same
poetic qualities usually exercised in serious composition, is a rare
distinction. Among American poets, we know of no one who
excels Holmes in this difficult branch of the art. Many of his
pleasant lyrics seem not so much the offspring of wit, as of fancy
and sentiment turned in a humorous direction. His manner of
satirizing the foibles, follies, vanities, and affectations of conven.
tional life is altogether peculiar and original. . . . Holmes is also
a poet of sentiment and passion. . . . Those who know him only
as a comic lyrist, as the libellous laureate of chirping folly and
presumptuous egotism. would be surprised at the clear sweetness
and skylark thrill of his serious and sentimental compositions."—
EDWIN P. WHIPPLE: ubi supru.
...
..
His longest productions are occasional poems which have been
recited before literary societies and received with very great favour.
His style is brilliant. sparkling, and terse; and many of his heroic
stanzas remind us of the point and condensation of Pope. In his
shorter poems, he is sometimes grave and sometimes gay. When
in the former mood. he charms us by bis truth and manliness of
feeling, and his sweetness of sentiment; when in the latter, he
richest humour. Every thing that he writes is carefully finished,
delights us with the glance and play of the wildest wit and the
and rests on a basis of sound sense and shrewd observation.”
GEORGE S. HILLARD: ulá supra.
..
If any of your readers (and at times we fear it is the case with
all) need amusement, and the wholesome alterative of a hearty
laugh, we commend them not to Dr. Holmes the physician, but to
Dr. Holmes the scholar, the wit, and the humourist: not to the
scientific medical professor's barbarous Latin, but to his practical
prescriptions given in choice old Saxon. We have tried them, and
are ready to give the doctor certificates of their efficacy. . . Long
miscella-may he live, to make broader the face of our care-ridden genera-
tion, and to realize for himself the truth of the wise man's de
claration, that a merry heart is a continual feast.'"-JOHN G.
WHITTIER: National Era.
"His fancy teems with bright and appropriate images. and
these are woven into his plan usually with exquisite finish and
grace. His artistic meríts are very great; his versification is never!
slovenly, nor his diction meagre or coarse; and many of his shorter
pieces are inwrought with so much fire and imagination as to rank
among our best lyrics.”—Uli supra.
In 1838 Dr. Holmes pub. Boylston Prize Dissertations
for 1836-37: On Indigenous Intermittent Fever in New
England; Nature and Treatment of Neuralgia; and Utility
and Importance of Direct Exploration in Medical Prac-
tice, Bost., 8vo. A review of these Essays, by E. Hale,
will be found in the N. Amer. Rev. for July, 1838, xlvii.
161-177:
"It affords a proof of his [Dr. Holmes's] industry, as well as of
his talents, that the author should be successful in obtaining
three prizes in two successive years, gaining in the latter year
both that were offered."-Ubi supra.
His Lectures on Homoeopathy and its Kindred Delusions
appeared in 1842, and a Report of his on Medical Litera-
ture to the National Medical Association was pub. in the
Trans. of Nat. Med. Society for 1848. To these profes-
sional labours are to be added a pamphlet entitled Puer-
peral Fever as a Private Pestilence, (noticed in Boston
Living Age, xlv. 18;) a number of papers in the New
England Quarterly Journal of Medicine and Surgery, and
in the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal; and (in con-
junction with Jacob Bigelow, M.D.) an ed. of Dr. Marshall
Hall's Principles of the Theory and Practice of Medicine,
1839, Svo. He has also been a contributor of
neous articles to the N. Amer. Rev., the New England
Mag., the Knickerbocker, &c. We have already stated
that the first collective ed. of Holmes's poems was pub, at
Boston, (by Otis, Broaders & Co.,) 1836, 12mo, pp. 163.
A second Amer. ed. was pub. by Ticknor & Fields (so the
firm now runs) in 1848; and this enterprising house bas
pub. one or more edits. every year since. Three times in
the present year (1856) has the press been put in motion
to supply the public demand. The first English ed. was
pub. in 1845; a new ed. by Routledge in 1852, 32mo; and
a third by the same publisher in 1853, 18mo. Astraea, the
Balance of Illusions, a Poem delivered before the Phi Beta
Kappa Society of Yale College, August, 1850, was pub. in
the same year, 16mo, and again in 1855, 16mo. A notice
of this production, with copious extracts, will be found in
the thirty-first chapter of Miss Mitford's Literary Recol
lections; and see also the Knickerbocker Mag., xxxvii.
142. Miss Mitford seems to have been indebted for her
copy of Astraea (and also for a copy of the author's col-
lected poems) to her friend,-Holmes's friend, our friend,
everybody's friend,-James T. Fields, Esq., the poet-pub-
lisher of Boston. (See page 595 of this Dictionary.) For
other notices of Holmes's poems, see N. Amer. Rev., notice
of collective edit. of 1836, by J. G. Palfrey, xliv. 275–277;
ibid., notice of collective ed. of 1849, by Francis Bowen,
Ixviii. 201-203; articles by J. G. Whittier, in Knicker-
bocker, xxvi. 570; Bost. Liv. Age, (from the National
Era,) xx. 516; notices of the second English ed., in Lon.
Athenæum, 1852, 815; and in the Irish Quar. Rev. for
June, 1855. See also E. P. Whipple's Essays and Reviews,
1851, i. 66-67, and in N. Amer. Rev., January, 1844: Gris-
wold's Poets and Poetry of America; Duyckineks' Cyc. of
Amer. Lit.; (in the two last-named works will be found
specimens of our author's peculiar powers;) Hillard's
First Class Reader; Chambers's Hand-Book of American
Literature; Tuckerman's Sketch of American Literature.
•
We quote a few lines from the many pages of enthu-
siastic laudation now before us:
"The most concise, apt, and effective poet of the school of Pope
this country has produced. is Oliver Wendell Holmes. . . . His
best lines are a series of rhymed pictures, witticisms, or senti-
ments, let off with the precision and brilliancy of the scintilla-
tions that scmetimes illuminate the northern horizon. The
significant terms, the perfect construction, and acute choice of
syllables and emphasis, render some passages of Holmes absolute
models of versification, especially in the heroic measure. Besides
these artistic merits, his poetry abounds with fine satire, beauti-
ful delineations of nature, and amusing caricatures of manners.
The long poems are metrical essays more pointed, musical, and
judicious, as well as witty, than any that have appeared, of the
same species, since the Essay on Man and the Dunciad.”—HENRY
T. TUCKERMAN: ubi supra.
"Dr. Holmes is a poet of wit and humour and genial sentiment,
ith a style remarkable for its purity, terseness, and point, and
•
“You went crazy last year over Bulwer's New Timon:
Why, if B., to the day of his dying, should rhyme on,
Heaping verses on verses, and tomes upon tomes.
IIe could ne'er reach the best point and vigour of Holmes.
Ilis are just the five hands, too, to weave you a lyric
Full of fancy, fun, feeling, or spiced with satiric,
In so kindly a measure. that nobody knows
What to do but e'en join in the laugh, friends and foes.”
J. RUSSELL LOWELL: A Fable for Critics.
"As he is everybody's favourite, there is no occasion for erities
to meddle with him, either to censure or to praise. He can afford
to laugh at the whole reviewing fraternity. His wit is all his own,
so sly and tingling, but without a drop of ill-nature in it, and
never leaving a sting behind. His humour is so grotesque and
mingles with it so naturally, that, when the reader's eyes are
queer. that it reminds one of the frolics of Puck; and deep pathos
brimming with tears, he knows not whether they have their source
in sorrow or in laughter. The great merits of his English style
we noticed on a former occasion, [N. Amer. Rev., Ixiv. 208–216;]
· for point, idiomatic propriety, and terseness. it is absolutely with-
out a rival.-FRANCIS BOWEN: N. Amer. Rev., Ixviii. 201-203.
It is now time to inquire into the character of the re-
ception which our author's poetry has encountered on the
other side of the Atlantic, where critics may be supposed
to scan with a less indulgent eye the pretensions of Ame-
RICAN POETS, already referred to, remarks,
rican authorship. Miss Mitford, in her chapter on AME-
F
"Of all this flight of genuine poets. I hardly know any one so
original as Dr. Holmes. For him we can find no living prototype:
to track his footsteps, we must travel lack as far as Pope or Dry-
den; and to my mind it would be well it some of our Lards would
take the same journey,―provided always it produced the same re
sult. Lofty, poignant, graceful, graud, high of thought and
clear of word. we could fancy ourselves reading some pungent
page of Absalom and Achitophel, or of the Moral Epistles, if
it were not for the pervading nationality, which, excepting White
tier. American poets have generally wanted, and for that true
reflection of the manners and follies of the age, without which
satire would fail alike of its purpose and its name. . . . He excels
in singing his own charming songs, and speaks as well as be
writes."
In the lighter poems of Holmes, humour is generally blended
with good taste. Ilis versification is easy and fluent, and rises to
dignity and chastened elegance in his serious and didactic poems;
which suggest that the writer, devoting his life to literature,
might have achieved greater works.”—Chambers's Hand-Book of
American Literature, Lmdom and Edinburgh, 1856.
..
There are many things in Holmes's humorous pieces which
bear strong resemblance to the similar productions of our English
satirists, Swift. Pope, and Thomas Hood. He possesses Swift's
quaintness and motley merriment, Pope's polish and graceful
point, and the solemn pathos and allied excruciating mirth of
Hood. In addition to these, he has a certain originality of his
own, which would be difficult to define, but which would seem to
consist in freedom and facility ingrafted on the broad, hearty
nature of Brother Jonathan.”—Irish Quarterly Review, v. 215-
220: Review of the second English ed. (1552) of Holmes's Poems.
We find the same vol. thus noticed by a famous London
839
HOL
HOL
periodical, the severity of whose critical judgments has
long made its name a terror to authordom on both sides
of the Atlantic:
There are strains of didactic thought, humorous fancy,
pathetic feeling,-there is an Augustan sonority and neatness of
versification,-in the poems of Dr. Holmes, which by turns remind
us of the Prize-Poets of our Colleges:-of Crabbe, who minutely
wrought out the homeliest themes in heroic metre,-of William
Spencer's drawing-room lyrics, light as gossamer, sentimental as
music on a lake, and of Whistlecraft. Yet there is nothing like
gross or direct imitation in this worthy little volume."-Lon.
Athenæum, 1852, p. 815.
Dr. Holmes was one of the principal parties in organizing
the Atlantic Monthly, and contributed to its first twelvo
numbers a series of papers entitled the "Autocrat of the
Breakfast-Table," which were exceedingly popular, and
were pub. in a vol. illustrated by Hoppin, Boston, 1858,
12mo.
6.
..
K
*
:
The Autocrat' is as genial and gentle, and, withal, as
ophical, an essayist as any of modern times. Hazlitt, saturnine
and cynical, would yet have loved this writer. Charles Lamb
would have opened his heart to one who resembles him so much
in many excellent points. Leigh Hunt, we dare say, has been
much delighted with him. Thomas Hood. the great humanitarian,
would have relished his fine catholic spirit. Dickens, no doubt,
has read him more than once, admiring his command of our com-
mon language,—the well of English undefiled,'—and, above all,
the pervading tone of practical philosophy. The Autocrat,' how-
ever, is somewhat more than an essayist: he is contemplative, dis
cursive, poetical, thoughtful, philosophical, amusing, imaginative,
tender, never didactic. This is the secret of his marked success:
he interests variously-constituted minds and various moods of
mind. It needed not the introduction of lyrical pieces (which we
are glad to have) to show that the Autocrat' is essentially a poet,
Of all who would have most enjoyed him we may foremost name
Professor Wilson, who would have welcomed him to a seat 'above
the salt' at the far-famed Noctes Ambrosianæ,' placing him next
to William Maginn. the wayward O'Doherty of Blackwood's
Magazine.”—DR. R. SHELTON MACKENZIE.
<
·
Holsworth, Richard. See HOLDSWORTH.
Holt, Sir Charles. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1699.
Holt, Francis Ludlow, d. 1844, Queen's Counsel,
Vice-Chancellor of Lancashire, 1826-44, for many years
chief editor of Bell's Weekly Messenger. 1. The Land
we Live in; a Com., Lon., 1804, '05, Svo. 2. Law and
Usage of Parl. in Cases of Privilege and Contempt, 1810,
Svo. 3. Law of Libel, 1812, '16, Svo. Reviewed by Lord
Brougham in Edin. Rev., Sept. 1816; and in collected
Contrib. to Edin. Rev., 1856, iii. 150-179. 1st Amer.
ed., by A. Bleeker, N. York, 1818, Svo. A good book in
its day, but now superseded. 4. Rep. of Cases at Nisi
Prius, 1815-17, Lon., 1818, 8vo. 5. Law of Shipping,
1820, '24, Svo.
FIELD.
6. Treat, on the Bankrupt Laws, 1827, 8vo. See biogra-
philo-phical notice of this excellent man and useful writer in
Holmes, Robert, D.D., 1749-1805, a native of
Hampshire, educated at New College, Oxford, became
Rector of Staunton, Canon of Salisbury, and, in 1804,
Dean of Winchester. In 1790 he succeeded Thomas
Warton as Professor of Poetry at Oxford. 1. The Resur-
rection of the Body, Lon., 1777, 4to. 2. Alfred; an Ode,
&c., 1778, 4to. 3. Eight Serms. at the Bampton Leets.,
1782, on the Prophecies and Testimony of John the Bap-
tist, and the parallel prophecies of Jesus Christ, 1783, Svo.
4. Four Theolog. Tracts, 1788, 8vo. 5. An Ode, 1793, 4to.
6. Treatises on Religious and Scriptural Subjects, Oxf.,
1806, r. 8vo. 7. Episcopo Dunelmensi Epistola, &c., 1795,
fol. 8. Epistolæ Episcopo Dunelmensi, 1795, fol. These
two Latin Epistles contain specimens of the edit. of the
Septuagint commenced by Dr. Holmes and completed by
the Rev. J. Parsons. See Dr. Holmes's Annual Accounts
of the Collection of the MSS. of the Septuagint Version,
from 1789 to 1803, Svo. The titles of this great work
run as follows:-Vetus Testamentum Græcum, cum variis
Lectionibus; edidit Robertus Holmes, D.D., Decanus
Wintoniensis; tom. i., Oxonii, e Typographeo Claren-
doniano, 1798, fol. Vetus Testamentum Græcum, cum
variis Lectionibus. Editionem a Roberto Holmes, S.T.P.,
inchoatam continuavit Jacobus Parsons, S.T.B.; tom. ii.-
v., Oxonii, e Typographeo Clarendoniano, 1818-27, fol.
The five vols. were pub. at £16 168. in sheets. The date
of tom. i. would more properly have been 1798-1804. In
the next year—1805—Dr. Holmes pub. the Book of Daniel.
For an account of this work, which reflects great credit
upon the authors and the University of Oxford, we refer
the reader to Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Lon. Monthly Re-
view; Critical Review; British Critic; Lon. Gent. Mag.,
vol. lxxv.; Lon. Eclec. Rev.; Classical Journal; Bp.
Marsh's Divinity Lectures, (Lect. xii. ;) Horne's Bibl.
Bib.; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 28–29.
Holmes, Samuel. A Journal during his attendance
on Lord Macartney's Embassy to China and Tartary,
Lon., 1797, 8vo.
Mr. Holt has followed in the track of Lord Tenterden, and
with great credit to himself."-Kent's Com., t. 5.
Lon. Gent. Mag., Dec. 1844.
Holt, John. See HOLTE.
Holt, Sir John, 1642-1710, Lord Chief-Justice of
the King's Bench, 1689-1710, was a native of Thane,
Yorkshire, educated at Oriel Coll., Oxford, and entered at
Gray's Inn, 1658. 1. Reports of Cases determined by Sir
John Holt, 1681-1710, from a MS. of Thos. Farresley, &c.,
Lon., 1738, fol.
Ci
Farresley was the author of 7th Modern, a book of but in-
different authority. The merits of the present work, I believe, are
in a concatenation accordingly.”—Wallace's Reporters, 247, ed.
1855.
6th and 7th Modern both contain Reports of Holt's
Judgments:
"He complained bitterly of his reporters, saying that the
shimblescamble stuff which they published would make posterity
think ill of his understanding and that of his brethren on the
bench.' He chiefly referred to a collection of Reports called
MODERN, embracing nearly the whole of the time when he sat
on the bench,-which are composed in a very loose and perfunctory
manner. More justice is done to him by Salkeld, Carthew, Levinz,
Shower, and Skinner; but these do little more than state drily
the points which he decided, and we should have been left with
out any adequate memorial of his judicial powers, had it not been
for admirable Reports of his decisions published after his death.
These, beginning with Easter Term, 6 W. & M., were compiled
by Lord Raymond, who was his pupil, and who became his suc
cessor. Many of them are distinguished by animation as well as
precision, and they form a delightful treat to the happy few who
have a genuine taste for judicial science."-LORD CAMPBELL: Lives
of the Chief-Justices.
Holmesby, Capt. John. Voyages and Adventures
to the Southern Ocean, 1737, Lon., 1757, 12mo.
Holroyd, Edward. 1. Case of A. Thornton, Lon.,
8vo. 2. Law of Patents for Inventions, 1830, Svo. This
work is confined to Patents, whilst Mr. Richard Godson's
treats of Copyrights as well as of Patents: (see p. 682.)
Holroyd, John Baker, Earl of Sheffield. See SHEF-
Holstein, Anthony Frederick, a fictitious name
under which several novels were pub., Lon., 1809-15.
Holstein, Esther. Ernestina; a Nov., 1801, 2 vols.
Holstein, General H. L. V. Ducoudray, wrote,
whilst in America, Recollections of an Officer of the Em-
pire, The Life of Simon Bolivar, &c., and edited at Albany
a literary periodical, entitled The Zodiac.
It is known to the profession that Lord Mansfield and
several other judges doubt the accuracy of the beginning
of Raymond's first vol.; but this is a vexata quæstio,
which we shall let the lawyers decide, or, rather, discuss.
The dictum of a layman would have but little weight in
the controversy. The vol. entitled Cases and Resolutions
of Cases, &c., 1742, Svo, is sometimes cited as Cases Tem-
pore Holt; though that title is generally used to distin..
guish Farresley's folio, 1738. We must not forget to
mention that in 1837, Svo, there was pub. from the original
MSS., with an Introduc., Lord Holt's Judgments in the
Case of Ashby v. White and others, and J. Paty and
others. In 1708, Lord Holt edited a collection of Crown
Cases, from the MS. of Chief-Justice Kelynge, adding
three judgments of his own, all of which are upon the law
of murder and manslaughter:
"His notice of them in his preface rather shows that he was
an instance of a great English lawyer being utterly unacquainted
with English composition.”—LORD CAMPBELL: ubi supra.
A new ed. of the above folio, or rather a new title-page,
was pub. in 1739. Respecting this great judge, in addi-
tion to authorities above cited, consult his Life, 1764, Svo;
Biog. Brit., vol. vii., Supp.; Burnet's Own Times; Athen.
Oxon.; Nichols's Atterbury; Marvin's Leg. Bibl.; Tatler,
No. 14; art. on Law-School at Cambridge, by Dr. Charles
One of Holt's
Follen, in N. Amer. Rev., xxxvi. 395-418.
most celebrated judgments is that of Coggs v. Barnard,
"In which the law of bailments is expounded with philosophic
precision and fulness. ... And, if he had left no other judgment
on record, this alone would justify the eulogy of an eminent mo
dern judge, that he was as great a lawyer as ever sat in West-
minster Hall.”—JUDGE STORY: Progress of Jurisprudence: Mis
cell. Writings, 1852, 204.
•
Holt deserves great credit for his courageous guardian-
ship of the legal rights of the people in opposition to the
tyrannical measures of King James II. This was not for-
gotten by the succeeding government. An eminent au-
thority of the times of Holt, referring to the manner in
which the Revolution judges were selected, remarks:
"The first of these was Sir John Holt, made Lord Chief Justico
of England, then a young man for so high a post, who maintained
it all his time with a great reputation for capacity, integrity,
courage, and
Own
:)
"He was a man of profound knowledge of the laws of his
870
HOL
HOM
country, and as just an observer of them in his own person.'
Tuller, No. 14.
•
..
A man of unsullied honour, of profound learning, and of the
most enlightened understanding.”—LORD Campbell: ubi supra.
On the intimate connection of these two codes. [those of Rome
and England,] let us hear the words of Lord Holt, whose name
never can be pronounced without veneration, as long as wisdom
and integrity are revered among men.”—SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH :
On the Study of the Law of Nature and Nations; Miscell. Works,
1856, ii. 386.
""
Holt, John, 1742-1801, a native of Mottram, Che-
shire, a schoolmaster. 1. Characters of the Kings and
Queens of England, Lon., 1786-88, 3 vols. 12mo; 1794,
8vo. A work of merit. 2. General View of the Agricult.
of the County of Lancaster, 1795, 8vo.
"It is a very respectable performance."—Donaldson's Agricult.
Biog
3. Essay on the Curlo of Potatoes. See Lon. Gent. Mag.,
vol. lxxi. At the time of his death he was employed in
collecting materials for a history of Liverpool.
Holt, John. See HoLTE.
Holt, Joseph, General of the Irish Rebels in 1798.
His Memoirs, Lon., 1838, 2 vols. Svo. See CROKER,
THOMAS CROFTON; Dubl. Univ. Mag., xii. 72-74.
Holt, Ludlow, LL.D. Serms., 1780-81, both 4to.
Holt, Richard. Artificial Stone, Lon., 1730, Svo.
Holt, Thomas. Fearful News from Coventry; or,
a Relation of T. Holt's having sold himself to the Devil,
Lon., 1642, 4to.
Holte, John, author of the first Latin Grammar of
any note in England, a native of Sussex, educated at, and
Fellow of, Magdalen College, Oxford, became an eminent
schoolmaster. He pub. his Grammar, (Lac Pueoru; Mylke
for Chyldren,) according to Wood, about 1497, 4to; Lon.,
by W. de Worde, 4to. But see Dibdin's Typ. Antiq., ii.
380, and his Lib. Comp., 571. A copy of this rare book,
which consists of 48 leaves, sine anno, was in Richard
Heber's library. See Tanner; Bale; Bliss's Wood's Athen.
Oxon.
Holthouse, C., Assistant Surgeon and Lecturer to the
Westminster Hospital. Six Lects. on Strabismus, Lon.,
1854, Svo.
"We can strongly recommend a perusal of these lectures to all
who are interested in the subject of Strabismus."-Lom. Med. Times
and Gazette. Also commended by Edin. Month. Jour.
|
Holthouse, Henry James, of the Inner Temple,
Special Pleader. New Law Dictionary, Lon., 1839, fv.
8vo; 2d ed., 1846, p. 8vo. 1st Amer. ed., from the 2d
Lon. ed., with numerous addits., by Henry Penington, of
the Phila. Bar, Phila., 1847, 12mo. 2d Amer. ed., Bost.,
1850, p. 8vo.
"Its object principally is to impress accurately and distinctly
upon the mind the meaning of the technical terms of the law; and
as such it cau hardly fail to be generally useful. There is much
curious information to be found in it in regard to the peculiarities
of the ancient Saxon law. The additions of the American edition
[Mr. Penington's] give increased value to the work, and evince
much accuracy and taste."-Penna. Law Jour.
Holybush, John. See HOLYWOOD.
Holyday, Barten, D.D., 1593-1661, a native of Ox
ford, educated at Christ Church, Chaplain to Charles I.,
and Archdeacon of Oxford.
and Archdeacon of Oxford. His best-known works are a
Trans. of Juvenal and Persius; 4th ed., Oxf., 1673, fol.:
Survey of the World; a Poem, 1661, sm. 8vo: and twenty
serms. See Athen. Oxon.; Wood's Life; Lloyd's Memoirs;
Malone's Dryden.
Holyoake, Francis, 1567?-1653, Rector of Southam,
Warwickshire, pub. an Etymological Dict. of Latin Words,
1606, 4to; 4th ed., 1633, '40. New ed., enlarged, by his
son, Thomas Holyoake, Lon., 1677, fol. This may be
called a new work, founded on the old one of his father's.
Francis Holyoake also pub. a Sermon, Heb. xiii. 17, Oxf.,
1610, 4to. See Athen. Oxon.
Holyoake, Thomas, 1616-1675, Preb. of the Col-
legiate Church of Wolverhampton, son of the preceding,
q. v. See Athen. Oxon.; Gen. Dict.; Gent. Mag., vol. i.
Holywood, Holybush, Halifax, or Sacrobosco,
John, Prof. of Mathematics in the Univ. of Paris, was
the author of De Sphoera Mundi, often reprinted with
annotations; De Anni Ratione, seu de Computo Ecclesi-
astico; De Algorismo, printed with Comm. Petri Cirvilli
Hisp., Paris, 1498. Where or when this writer was born
and died is involved in doubt. It is not certainly known
whether he lived in the 13th or 14th century. See Mac-
kenzie's Scotch Writers, vol. i.; Harris's Ware's Ireland;
Leland; Pits; Bale; Dempster; Hutton's Diet.; Cham-
bers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen,
1855, vol. iii.
-
Holyoke, Edward, d. 1769, aged 79, graduated at
Harvard College in 1705, was ordained in 1716, and offi-
ciated as President of that noble institution from 1737
until his death.
until his death. He pub. a serm., 1737, another, 1741, an
answer to Mr. Whitefield, 1744, and contributed the first
poem in the Pietas et Gratulatio of Harvard College, 1761,
Bost., 4to, pp. 106.
Holyoke, Edward Augustus, M.D., 1728-1829,
son of the preceding, an eminent physician, graduated at
Harvard College in 1746, and practised for nearly eighty
years at Salem, Mass. He pub. a number of Astronomical
papers in Silliman's Journal, and medical articles in the
Trans. Mass. Med. Society, and N. York Med. Repository.
He left a number of Diaries in MS. See Knapp's Amer.
Biog.;
Biog.; Mass. Med. Society, vol. iv.; (Memoir by Dr. A.
L. Peirson of Salem,) Williams's Amer. Med. Biog.; Amer.
Quar. Reg., xiii. 79.
Holyoke, Samuel Adams, a teacher of music, d.
1820, at Concord, Mass.
1820, at Concord, Mass. 1. Columbian Repository of Sa-
ered Harmony. 2. Occasional Music, Exeter, 1802.
Naval Magazine of the U. States, Washington, D.C., 6
Homans, Benjamin, editor of the Military and
vols. Svo.
See also 5 M. L. M., 199; 36 L. M., 174.
Holwell, John, an Englishman, surveyor to the
erown, an adherent of the Duke of Monmouth, d. in New
York about 1685, and is supposed to have been poisoned
from political animosity. 1. Catastrophe Mundi, 1682,
4to. This is an attack on the Popish party. Appendix,
1683, 4to. 2. Prac. Surveyor, Lon., 1687, Svo. 3. Trigo-
nometry made Easy, 1685, Svo. See Asiatic Annual Re-
gister, vol. i.; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Homans, J. Smith, editor of (1.) J. W. Gilbart's
Treat. on Banking, N. York, 1851, Svo; Phila., 1854, Svo;
2. W. J. Lawson's Hist. of Banking; with addits., Bost.,
1852, 8vo; 3. The Banker's Magazine and Statistical
Register, New York; vol. x. pub. in 1856. 4. In conjunc-
tion with J. Smith Homans, Jr., A Cyclopedia of Commerce
and Commercial Navigation, N.Y., 1858, r. Svo, pp. 2000,
double columns. By far the best work on the subject.
Homans, J. Smith, Jr. A Historical and Statistical
Account of the Foreign Commerce of the United States.
See HOMANS, J. SMITH.
|
Holwell, John Zephaniah, 1711-1798, a native
of Dublin, grandson of the preceding, and a member of
the Council at Calcutta, was one of the sufferers in the
"Black Hole," of which melancholy affair he gives an
account in the India Tracts, Lon., 1758, Svo; 1764, '77,
4to. He pub. several other works on East India affairs:-
Interesting Hist. Events relative to Bengal and Industan,
with the Mythology of the Gentoos, &c., in three parts, Svo,
1765-66-71; Small-Pox in the East Indies, 1767, Svo, &c.;
A New Experiment for the Prevention of Crimes, 1786,
Svo; and a Dissert. on the Origin, Nature, and Pursuits
of Intelligent Beings, 1788, Svo. This is a curious pro-
duction. An account of Holwell and his publications will
be found in the Asiatic Annual Register, vol. i.; see also
Chalmers's Biog. Diet.
Holwell, Thomas. Newe Sonets and Pratie Pam-
phlets, Lon.. sine anno, 4to.
Holwell, Wm., Preb. of Exeter, d. 1798. 1. Beauties
of Homer, Lon., 1775, Svo. 2. Extracts from Pope's Trans.
of the Iliad, 1776, Svo. 3. A Mytholog., Etymolog., and
Hist. Dict., extracted from the Analysis of Ancient My-
thology, 1793, Svo. This is from Jacob Bryant's elaborate
work.
Holybush, John. See HOLLYBUSHE.
Home. Select Views in Mysore; with Hist. Descrip-
tions, Lon., 1794, r. 4to.
Home, Alexander. Decis. of the Ct. of Session
from Nov., 1735, Edin., 1757, fol.
Home, Charles. A new Chronological Abridgt, of
the Hist. of Eng., Lon., 1791, Svo. A work of merit, but
with many erroneous dates.
Home, or Hume, David. See HUME.
Home, Sir Everard, Bart., President Royal Coll.
of Surgeons, 1756-1832, a native of Greenlaw Castle,
county of Berwick, Scotland, studied medicine with his
brother-in-law, the celebrated John Hunter, and practised
in London with great success for more than five years.
Among his contributions to medical literature are Observa-
tions on the Treatment of Ulcers on the Legs, 1797; On
Cancer, 1805; On Strictures of the Urethra, &c., 3 vols.
Svo; on the Prostate Gland, 2 vols. 8vo; many papers
in Phil. Trans., Nic. Jour., and other periodicals; and the
following great work: Lects. on Comparative Anatomy,
&c., 1814-28, 6 vols. r. 4to, 361 plates, £18 188.; large
paper, r. 4to, £27 68.
"The six volumes taken together are filled with researches that
were begun at seventeen, and have been uninterruptedly con
871
HOM
HOM
tinued to seventy,-a period of fifty-five years. It is to the late
John Hunter I owe the love of the pursuit; and his example, both
of application and the mode of investigation, I have never lost
sight of. To him I am indebted for the rich stores which he
placed before me, which it has been the height of my ambition to
increase."-Author's Prefuce.
Official investigations have left no doubt remaining
that Sir Everard did, indeed, "owe to the late John Hun-
ter" more than was generally supposed.
A biographical notice of Sir Everard will be found in
Lon. Gent. Mag., Oct. 1832.
Home, Francis, M.D., Prof. of Materia Medica in
the Univ. of Edinburgh, pub. Principia Medicina, Edin.,
1758, 70, '83, Svo; Med. Facts and Experiments, Edin.
and Lon., 1759, 8vo; in German, Altenb., 1768, 8vo; in
French, Par., 1773, 12mo; several other profess. &c.
works; and The Principles of Agricult. and Vegetation,
Lon, 1757, '58, '62, Svo.
"The first regular attempt to put agriculture on scientific
grounds.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Home, Henry, Lord Kames, 1696-1782, a native
of the county of Berwick, Scotland, was for some time a
writer to the Signet, was called to the Bar in 1724, made
a Judge of the Court of Session in 1752, when, according
to custom, he took the title of Lord Kames; appointed
one of the Lords of Justiciary in 1763. He cultivated
the large estate of Blair-Drummond, in Perthshire, of
which he became possessed in right of his wife. Lord
Kames was noted for great public spirit; and his cheer-
fulness of temper, combined with a vast amount of infor-
mation on literary, political, and agricultural topics, made
him a general favourite in society. The reader will be
greatly interested in A. F. Tytler's (Lord Woodhouselce)
Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the Hon. Henry
Home, of Kames; with a Supp., Edin., 1807-10, 2 vols.
4to; Lon., 1814, 3 vols. 8vo. His life was also pub. by
Wm. Smellie: (see GREGORY, Jons, p. 737.) 1. Remark-
able Decisions in the Ct. of Session, 1716-28, fol., Edin.,
1728. 2. Essays on several Subjects in Law, 1732, Svo.
3. Dict. of the Decisions of the Ct. of Session, 1741, 2 vols.
fol. With continuation by Lord Woodhouselee and T.
Macgrugar; whole work, 1741-1804, 5 vols, fol. Now
superseded by the Dict. of W. M. Morison, 1808-18, 42
vols. 4to, and Supp. by M. P. Brown, 1823-26, 5 vols. 4to,
and the Synopsis by M. P. Brown, 1829, 4 vols. 4to. 4.
Essays upon several subjects concerning Brit. Antiquities,
1747, 49, 8vo; 1763, 12mo. 5. Essay on the Principles
of Morality and Natural Religion, 1751, 8vo. This work
elicited a warm controversy:
cism, and makes it his own; as if he had been for years anatomiz
ing the heart of man and peeping into every cranny of it.'
i.
>>>
· GOLDSMITH.-
‚— It is easier to write that book than to read it.'
Boswell's Life of Johnson.
"The Elements of Criticism, considered as the first systematica)
attempt to investigate the metaphysical principles of the fine arts,
possesses, in spite of its numerous defects both in point of taste
and of philosophy, infinite merits, and will ever be regarded as a
literary wonder by those who know how small a portion of his
time it was possible for the author to allot to the composition of
it, amidst the imperious and multifarious duties of a most active
and useful life."-DUGALD STEWART: 1st. Prelim. Dissert. Encyc.
Brit.
"It was with difficulty that the great influence of the author
prevented this being censured by the Church of Scotland. In
the subsequent editions the offensive passages were removed.”
6. Principles of the Law of Scotland, 1754, 2 vols. Svo.
7. The Statute Law of Scotland Abridged; with Hist.
Notes, 1757, 79, Svo.
"His great work, The Elements of Criticism, is truly an ori
ginal performance, and which, discarding all arbitrary rules of
literary composition derived from authority, establishes a new
theory upon the principles of human nature."-DR. REES.
And see Blackw. Mag., xxv. 539; xxx. 94; xxxvii. 700.
13. Remarkable Decisions of the Ct. of Session, 1730-
52, Edin., 1766, fol. 14. Antiquity of the Eng. Consti-
tution, 1768, Svo. 15. Sketches of the Hist. of Man, 1774
2 vols. 4to. Enlarged, 1778, 4 vols. 8vo; Dubl., 1779, 2
vols. 8vo; Edin., 1788, 4 vols. Svo. Also at Basil in 4
vols. 8vo.
"DR. JOHNSON.-Sir. this book is a pretty essay, and deserves
to be held in some estimation, though much of it is chimerical. . .
The Scotchman has taken the right method in his Elements of
Criticism. I do not mean that he has taught us any thing; but
he has told us old things in a new way.'
“MURPHY.—' He seems to have read a great deal of Frenɩb criti-
"A highly curious collection of arranged facts:-in the main
rather disquisitional and theoretic than historical."-CRAIK.
16. The Gentleman Farmer, Edin., 1776, Svo; 5th ed.,
1802, Svo.
"The book, however, possesses much merit, and shows a large
progress being made on agricultural subjects."-Donaldson's Agri-
cult. Biog.
17. Elucidations respecting the Commer. and Statuto
Law of Scotland, 1777, Svo; 1800, Svo.
18. Select Decisions of the Ct. of Session, 1752-68, fol., ·
1780. 19. Loose Hints on Education, 1781, Svo. Enlarged,
1782, Svo.
1. Remark-1782, 8vo. In addition to authorities cited above, see
Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scots-
men, 1855, vol. iii.; Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors; do.
on the Literary Character; Blair's Lects. on Rhetoric and
Belles-Lettres; Story's Equity Jurisp., ed. 1853, i. 18, n.;
Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, ed. 1854, iii. 94; Cockburn's
Memorials of his Time, 1856.
"His extreme inaccuracy in what he ventures to state, with
respect both to the ancient Common Law and the modern English
Law. tends not a little to shake the credit of his representations
of all law whatever." See Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 395; 1 Dow, 164;
2 Hagg. Const. Rep.. 92.
Home, John, 1724-180S, the author of Douglas, was
a native of Ancrum, Roxburghshire, Scotland, educated at
the University of Edinburgh, and licensed to preach in
the Church of Scotland in 1747. In December, 1756, his
(1.) Tragedy of Douglas was presented at the theatre in the
Canongate, Edinburgh.
"Kames's Abridgment of the Statute Law of England is the
best work of the kind, because he was far more fit for such a task
than any other who ever undertook it; yet it is full of imperfec-
tions, which seem necessarily incident to all works of the kind."
-New Edin. Rev., i. 24, 1761.
“It was received with enthusiastic applause, and, in the conclu-
sion, drew forth many tears, which were perhaps a more unequi-
vocal testimony to its merits. The town was in an uproar of ex-
ultation that a Scotsman should write a tragedy of the first rate,
and that its merits were first submitted to them."
But the successful author was soon reminded that he
was exercising his genius in a forbidden field; and he
8. Historical Law Tracts, 1758, Svo; 2d ed., 1761, 8vo; found it expedient to anticipate his expected degradation
4th ed., enlarged, 1792, Svo.
"The Historical Law Tracts of Lord Kames are conducted upon
a very judicious system of investigating the natural principles of
some of the most important objects of judicial science, and tracing
the application of them in the Laws of Rome, of Scotland, and of
England; but a comparison between the Laws of Scotland and
England. conducted, I think, with great fairness. is apparently the
leading object of the undertaking.”—1 Evans's Poth. Intro. 58.
9. Principles of Equity, 1760, '67, fol.; 3d ed., 1778,
2 vols. 8vo; 1788, 1800, Svo; 1825, 8vo. Kames's defini-
tion of Equity has been confuted by Blackstone in his
Comment., q. v. see also Warren's Law Studies, ed. 1815,
292; 15 Amer. Jur. 366; 1 Mad. Ch., Pref., 14; Marvin's
Leg. Bibl., 394. 10. Introduc. to the Art of Thinking,
1761; 3d ed., enlarged, 1775, 12mo: often reprinted.
from the ministerial office by abdicating his pulpit, which
he did in June, 1757. It is perhaps worthy of notice that
the representation of Douglas elicited Dr. Witherspoon's
Serious Inquiry into the Nature and Effects of the Stage.
Mr. Home now found a powerful patron in Lord Bute, who
procured him a pension of £300, and the sinecure office of
land, which doubled this income. Home had some early
Conservator of the Scotch Privileges at Campvere, in Zen.
military experience as a volunteer against the Pretender in
1745, and in 1788 he received a captain's commission, which
he held until the peace, in the Duke of Buccleugh's regiment
of militia, the Fencibles. In March, 1757, against the
Garden, and soon attained that popularity which it has
judgment of Garrick, Douglas was produced at Covent-
passed at East Lothian and in the city of Edinburgh,
since enjoyed. The latter part of the author's life was
where he played the hospitable landlord until his death
of five Tragedies, in addition to Douglas, (pub., Lon.,
in 1808, at the advanced age of 86. Ho was the author
1757, 8vo:) viz. 2. Agis, 1758, 8vo; 3. The Siege of
Aquileia, 1760, 8vo; 4. The Fatal Discovery, 1769, 8vo;
5. Alonzo, 1773, 8vo; 6. Alfred, 1778, 8vo. Home's
Drámatic Works were pub. in 1760, 12mo, and at Edin.,
1798, 2 vols. 12mo. These plays cannot compare with
Douglas.
11. Letters from a Blacksmith to the Ministers and
Elders of the Church of Scotland, 1761. 12. Elements
of Criticism, Lon., 1762, 3 vols. 8vo; 1763, 3 vols. 8vo;
1769, 2 vols.; 5th ed., Edin., 1774, 2 vols. 8vo; 6th
ed., 1785, 2 vols. 8vo; 7th ed., 1788, 2 vols. 8vo; Basil,
1795, 3 vols. 8vo; Lon., 1817, 2 vols. Svo; 11th ed., 1840,
8vo; abridged by A. Jamieson, 1823, 12mo. Amer. eds.;
by A. Mills, 1849, &c.; by Rev. J. R. Boyd, 1855, r.
12mo.
Home, James, Advocate. The Scripture Hist. of
the Jews and their Republic, Lon., 1737, 2 vols. 8vo. An
excellent work.
excellent work. Recommended by Bishop Tomline, in his
Elements of Christian Theology.
“Home's other tragedies are all very indifferent,—most of them
quite bad. Mr. Mackenzie should not have disturbed their slum.
bers."-Joux WILSON: Noctes Ambrosianæ, April, 1822
872
HOM
HON
"It may, perhaps, seem strange that the author, in his preced-
ing tragedy of Agis. and in his subsequent dramatic efforts, so far
from attaining similar excellence, never even approached to the
success of Douglas; yet good reasons can be assigned for his
failure, without imputing it, during his best years at least, to a
decay of genius.”—Str_Walter Scott: Life and Works of John
Home, Lon. Quar. Rev., June, 1827; and in Scott's Prose Works, q.v.
|
This article is a review of the Works of John Home, Esq.,
now first collected, to which is prefixed an account of his
Life and Writings, by Henry Mackenzie, Edin., 1822, 3
vols. 8vo. To this work we refer the reader for further
particulars connected with the biography and literary
labours of our author. See also Noctes Ambrosianæ,
April, 1822.
"The work of Home was not entirely such as we might have
expected from one who was not only an actor in the scene, but
the author of a tragedy like Douglas, elegant enough to have
pleased on the French stage, and yet affecting enough to succeed
on ours. The History of the Rebellion was a work which had
been meditated so long, that it was delivered to the world too
late,-when the writer was no longer what he once was. But I
authenticity-possesses, I think. more merit than is generally
recommend it to your perusal. because it has all the marks of
supposed.-treats of a very remarkable event in our history,-and
is, after all, entertaining, and not long."-Prof. Smyth's Leds. on
Mod. Hist.
Home also pub. the History of the Rebellion in 1745,
4to, 1802, which we shall notice hereafter. The merits of
Douglas, notwithstanding the assertion of Dr. Johnson
"that there were not ten good lines in the whole play,'
have been repeatedly acknowledged by the most compe-
tent critics. That this laudation has been sometimes car-
ried to a ridiculous excess can hardly be questioned; as,
for instance, in the eulogy of David Hume, the historian,
who, in his Four Dissertations addressed to Home, com-
pliments him as the possessor of
"The true theatric genius of Shakspeare and Otway; refined
from the unhappy barbarism of the one and licentiousness of the
other."
""
Here doubtless the Scotsman speaks as well as the critic,
and patriotic enthusiasm must not surprise us when warmned
with a theme so congenial and so flattering:
"The of Home was
aud so. too, was the
of his justly famous Tragedy of Douglas. He had studied the old
Ballads; their simplicities were sweet to him as wall-flowers on
ruins. On the story of Gill Morice, who was an Earl's son, he
founded the Tragedy which surely no Scottish eyes ever witnessed
without tears."-JOHN WILSON: Recreations of Christopher North:
An Hour's Tulk about Poetry.
"I think nobody can bestow too much praise on Douglas. There
has been no English tragedy worthy of the name since it ap-
peared."-Ibid.: Noctes Ambrosianæ, April, 1822.
Whilst this perhaps appears somewhat extravagant, yet
one of the best parts of this play is commended by two
eminent modern critics in terms quite as eulogistic:
"We agree with Mr. Mackenzie. that the chief scene between
Lady Randolph and Old Norval, in which the preservation and
existence of Douglas is discovered, has no equal in modern. and
scarcely a superior in the ancient, drama. It is certainly one of
the most effective which the English stage has to boast; and we
learn with pleasure. but without surprise. that, though many other
parts of the play were altered before its representation, we have
tbis master-piece exactly as it was thrown off in the original sketch.
C Thus it is,' says the accomplished editor, that the fervid creation
of genius and fancy strikes out what is so excellent as well as
vivid as not to ad.nit of amendment, and which. indeed. correc-
tion would spoil instead of improving. This is the true inspira-
tion of the poet, which gives to criticism, instead of borrowing
from it. its model and rule. and which, it is possible, in some diffi-
dent authors, the terrors of critics may bave weakened or extin-
guished.
•
of the unfortunate Chevalier?"-JOHN WILSON: Noctes Aniliro-
siana. April, 1822.
Yet Home's History must by no means be neglected by
the historical student:
|
The memory of Mr. Home, as an author, depends. in England,
almost entirely upon the tragedy of Douglas, which not only re-
tains the most indisputable possession of the stage, but produces
a stronger effect on the feelings of the audience, when the parts of
Douglas and Lady Randolph are well filled, than almost any tra-
gedy since the days of Otway.... The language of the piece is
beautiful. Mrs.Siddons told me,' says the editor, [Mr. Mackenzie,]
'that she never found any study' (which, in the technical language
of the stage, means the getting verses by heart) so easy as that
of Douglas, which is one of the best criterions of excellence in the
dramatic style.'"-SIR WALTER SCOTT: Life and Works of John
Home, ubi supra.
3
Home's History of the Rebellion in 1745-to which we
promised to return-gave great dissatisfaction, not only
as regarded its literary character, but in its deficiency in
historical accuracy:
..
"Since Mr. Home did assume the pen on the subject of the
Forty-five, no consideration whatever ought to have made him
depart from the truth, or shrink from exposing the cruelties
practised, as Mr. Mackenzie delicately expresses it, by some sub-
ordinate officers, or from execrating the impolitic and ungenerous
use of the victory of Culloden' in which the Duke of Cumberland
was somewhat implicated. Mr. Home ought either never to have
written his history, or to have written it without clogging him-
self with the dedication to the sovereign. . . . The disappointed
public of Scotland, to which the history should have been most
interesting, was clamorous in its disapprobation. They complained
of suppressed information and servile corrections. ... The history
is, nevertheless. so far as it goes, a fair and candid one for the
writer, though, by the manner in which he had fettered himself,
he was debarred from speaking the whole truth, yet was incapable
of speaking any thing but the truth."-SIR WALTER SCOTT: ubi
supra.
Any account of that brilliant episode in our history must
needs be full of interest, and Home, being concerned so far him-
self, has preserved a number of picturesque enough anecdotes;
but, on the whole, the book wauts vigour, and it is full of quiz-
zibles. What can be more absurd than his giving us more pages
about the escape of two or three Whig students of Divinity from
the Castle of Doune than he spends upon all the wild wanderings
In addition to authorities above cited, see Biog. Dramat.;
Boswell's Life of Johnson; Stewart's Life of Robertson.
Home, John. The Unfortunate Englishmen; or, A
Narrative of John Cockburn, &c., Leith, 1817, 8vo.
Home, Robert. Surgical con. to Phil. Trans., 1758.
Home, Robert. Efficacy of Solvents, &c., Lun.,
1783, 8vo.
Homer, Rev. Henry, 1752-1791, an eminent clas-
sical scholar, educated at and Fellow of Emanuel College,
Cambridge, pub. an Essay upon the Inclosure of Common
Fields, Lon., 1766, Svo; an Inquiry rel. to Public Roads,
Oxf., 1767, 8vo; and edited several Latin authors, the
best-known of which is the Entire Works of Horace, Lon.,
1792, 2 vols. 4to,—the joint production of Mr. Homer and
Dr. Combe; pub. at £6 68. This beautiful work has been
already noticed: see COMBE, CHARLES, M.D.; Dibdin's
Greek and Latin Classics; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Lon.
Gent. Mag., vols. lxxvi., lxxx.; Brit. Critic, vol. iii.; Dr.
Parr's Remarks on the Statement of Dr. Charles Combe,
1795, Svo.
The text of Combe and Homes's ed. of Horace is formed
on the basis of Gesner's ed., and the work is enriched by a
collation of the editio princeps in the Royal Library, and
seven Harleian MSS. The notes are taken principally
from Cruquius, Lambinus, Torrentius, Sanadon, Bentley,
Cunningham. Baxter, Gesner, Klotzius, Janus, Waddelus,
Wakefield, &c. As regards the physique of the work, it
is to be commended for the brightness of the paper, the
amplitude of the margin, and the beauty of the type.
Homer, Rev. Philip Brucebrige. Anthologia;
or, A Collection of Flowers, in blank verse, Lon., 1789, 4to.
Homer, Wm., perhaps fictitious. Old Englishman's
Letters for the Poor of Old England, Lon., 1758, Svo.
Homes, or Holmes, Nathaniel, D.D., a Fifth-
Monarchy divine, ejected from the living of St. Mary
Staining, London, for Non-conformity, 1662, d. 1679, pub.
a number of theological works, of which the best-known
is The Resurrection Revealed, Lon., 1654, fol. This bears.
the imprimatur of Joseph Caryl, and a commendatory
Preface by Peter Sterry. In 1661, fol., Holmes pub. Ten
Excercitations in Vindication of the Resurrection Re-
vealed. A new ed. of these vols., compressed into one,
with the repetitious and extraneous matter omitted, edited
by the Rev. J. W. Brooks, was pub. in 1833, Svo. Thomas
Hall pub. a Confutation of the Millenarian Opinion, in
reply to Dr. Holmes, in 1657, 12mo. Sixteen of Holmes's
theolog. treatises were pub. in a fol. vol. in 1652, and the
same, with a new title, in 1669. See Athen, Oxon. for an
account of this author and his works. Holmes's work on
the Resurrection is by no means to be neglected by the
Biblical student. We have seen that he advocates the
doctrine of an earthly millennium.
►
"This is far from being a contemptible book, though the author
ranked among the visionaries of his time. The learning of
the author was evidently extensive, and his knowledge of the
Scriptures, particularly of the prophecies, very considerable. Â
great deal of discussion respecting the meaning of many difficult
passages occurs in the book, which will sometimes, perhaps,
amuse, but may very often instruct, the reader. He is far from
being so carnal in his views as his leading sentiment would pre-
pare us to expect."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"The manner of handling this subject in this book appears to
be with piety, judgment, and variety: it is, in one, a well-grown
orchard and a nursery of truths."-PETER STERRY.
"I conceive that the church of God hath not hitherto seen this
great point so clearly stated, so largely discussed, so strongly con-
firmed, not only by the testimony of ancient and modern writers
of all sorts, but by the Holy Scriptures throughout, as is presented
in this book."-JOSEPH CARYL: Author of the Expos, an Job.
Homes, Wm., 1663-1746, minister of Martha's Vine-
yard, Mass., a native of Ireland, pub. four serms., 1732,
'47, &c. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.
Honan, M. B. 1. Court and Camp of Don Carlos;
Tour, Lon., p. 8vo.
"Mr. Honan's able and well-informed work.”—Blackw. Mag,
xli. 576; q.v.
ST3
HON
HOO
2. Personal Adventures of our Own Correspondent in
Italy, 1852, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Hone, Rev. J. F. Comments on the Epistles, Oxf.,
1849, fp. Svo.
Hone, Richard, Archdeacon and Hon. Canon of
Worcester, and vicar of Hales-Owen, Shropshire. Lives
of Eminent Christians, Lon., 1834-43, 4 vols. fp. Svo.
Hone, William, d. 1842, aged 63, a native of Bath,
for many years a publisher and bookseller in London, and
latterly an Independent minister at Weigh-house Chapel,
Eastcheap, pub. some profane parodies, The Apocryphal
New Testament, and a number of other works, of which
the Every-Day Book, 1826, The Table-Book, 1827-28, and
The Year-Book, 1829, are the best known. His Apocry-
phal New Testament (for an account of which, see Horne's
Introduction to the Study of the Scriptures, and the Lon.
Quar. Rev., vols. xxv. and xxx.) was pub. in 1820, Svo;
2d ed., 1821, 8vo; his Ancient Mysteries, in 1823, 8vo; and
his own account of his Early Life and Conversion, in 1841,
Svo. Of his political pieces, which were numerous, the
satire entitled The Political House that Jack Built was
the most popular, and went through no less than fifty edits.
He also edited an edit. of Strutt's Sports and Pastimes.
See an account of his life and literary labours in Lon.
Gent. Mag., January, 1843. The Every-Day Book, The
Table-Book, and The Year-Book, of which there have
been several edits.,-the last in 1857, 4 vols. Svo, 730
wood-cuts, cannot be too highly commended. Sir Walter
Scott, Lamb,-who contributed some of the contents,-
Southey, and John Wilson, Horace Smith and others, all
unite in their praise:
"Reader, did you ever see Hone's Every-Day Book? You can-
not do better than buy it directly. ... You will meet with...
spirit-stirring descriptions of old customs, delightful wood-cuts of
old buildings. as well as many a fine secret learned among the
woods and fields, and whispered by the 'seasons' difference.'... He
has deserved well of the naturalist, the antiquarian, and the poet,
by his Every-Day and also by his Table-Book."-CHRISTOPHER
NORTH: Blackwood's Mag.. xxvii. 259.
66
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
By-the-by, I have bought Hone's Every-Day Book and his
Table Book, and am sorry I had not seen them before my colloquies
were printed, that I might have given him a good word there. I
have not seen any miscellaneous books that are so well worth
having; brimful of curious matter, and with an abundance of the
very best wood-cuts."-ROBERT SOUTHEY: Letter to Henry Taylor:
Southey's Life and Corresp.
Mr. Southey remarks, on another occasion:
"I may take the opportunity of recommending the Every-Day
Book and Table-Book to those who are interested in the preserva-
tion of our national and local customs: by these very curious pub-
lications their compiler has rendered good service in an important
department of literature."
"These Every-Day and Tablo-Books will be a treasure a hundred
years hence; but they have failed to make Hone's fortune...
"I like you and your book, ingenious Hone,
In whose capacious. all-embracing leaves
The very marrow of tradition's shown,
And all that History-much that Fiction-weaves.
"By every sort of taste your work is graced;
Vast stores of modern anecdote we find,
With good old story quaintly interlaced :-
The theme as various as the reader's mind.
"Dan Phoebus loves your book: trust me, friend Ione;
The title only errs, he bids me say;
For, while such art, wit, reading, there are shown,
He swears, 'tis not a work of every day.”
CHARLES LAMB.
Honeywood, St. John, 1765-1798, a native of Lei-
cester, Mass., educated at Yale College, removed to Sche-
nectady, New York, in 1785, and taught school there for
two years. In 1787 he commenced the study of the law,
in Albany, and, on being admitted to the bar, removed to
Salem, in the same State, where he remained until his
death A vol. of his writings-chiefly political poems-
was puo. in New York, in 1801, under the editorial super-
vision of the gentleman who married his widow. Speci-
mens of his compositions, which are thought to possess
some merit, will be found in Griswold's Poets and Poetry
of America, and in Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
Honibalt, Thomas. Time Calendar, 1815, 4to.
Honyman, Andrew, Bishop of Orkney. 1. Survey
of the Libel of Naphtali, Edin., 1668, 2 Pts. 4to. 2. Bou-
rignonism Displayed, Aberd., 1710, 8vo. Anon.
Honywood, Sir Robert, Knt. Trans. of Nauni's
Hist. of the Affairs of Europe, Lon., 1673, fol.
Hood, Viscountess. Sketches of Scripture Female
Character, Oxf., 1854, fp. Svo.
Hood, Catherine. Poems, Lon., 1801, 12mo.
Hood, Charles. Practical Treatise on Warming,
Ventilation, &c., Lon., 1837, 8vo; 2d ed., 1844, 8vo; 3d
ed., 1855, 8vo.
874
Hood, Edwin Paxton, has pub. a number of works
within the last few years, of which the last-just issued—
is entitled William Wordsworth; a Biography, Lon., 1856.
See Lon. Athenæum, Aug. 30, 1856, p. 1085.
Hood, George. Hist. of Music in New England,
Bost., 1846, 18mo. A work of value, containing specimens
of the writers noticed.
Hood, John, 1720-1783, a land-surveyor, a native of
Moyle, county Donegal, Ireland, author of a Treatise on
Land-Surveying, with Tables of Difference of Latitudo
and Departure, &c., Dubl., 1772; also inventor of a sur-
veying instrument called Hood's Compass Theodolito,
which is the basis of the instrument still in use in Europe
and America. Before the announcement of the discovery
of Hadley's Quadrant, he had formed a modern instrument
on the principle of Hadley's, but delayed presenting it to
the public until anticipated by the latter.
Hood, Nathaniel, Lt., R.A. 1. Elements of War,
Lon., 1803, 12mo. 2. The New Military Finance, 1804,
12mo.
Hood, Peter, Surgeon. Observations on Diseases
most fatal to Children, Lon., 1845, p. 8vo.
"We believe that all classes of the profession may refer to this
work with nearly equal advantage.”—Lon. Medical Gazette.
"This work is a purely practical one, and the whole of it is a
valuable contribution to our knowledge."-Edin. Medical Gazette.
New Castle, 1782, 8vo; Lon., 1783, Svo.
Hood, Robert. 1. Serm., 1781, Svo. 2. 14 Serms.,
"Plain, sensible, pious, and practical.”—Lon. Month. Rev.
Hood, Samuel. Analytic Physiology, Lon., Svo.
Hood, Samuel, a grandson of John Hood, (ante,)
and also a native of Moyle, county Donegal, Ireland, emi-
grated to Philadelphia in 1826, and became a member of
the bar of that city. 1. A Practical Treatise on the Law
of Decedents in Pennsylvania, Phila., 1847, Svo, pp. 596.
"The work is prepared with great care and ability. No Penn-
sylvania lawyer should neglect to purchase it: it contains a mass
of useful knowledge to be attained nowhere else."-JUDGE ELLIS
LEWIS, Associate-Justice of the Supreme Court of Penna.
2. A Brief Account of the Society of the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick; prepared for the Hibernian Society of Phila.,
1844, 8vo. Mr. Hood has contributed a number of papers
to the American Quarterly Review and other periodicals.
Hood, Thomas, pub. a number of works on the Use
of the Globes, Astronomy, Geometry, Navigation, Arith-
metic, and Mathemat. Instruments, Lon., 1590-98.
Hood, Thomas, 1798-1845, the famous humourist,
has given so graphic a portrait of himself in his Literary
Reminiscences, pub. ir Hood's Own, that it would be a
dangerous attempt to take the pencil out of his hands.
Suffice it to say that he was born in London, and a son of
the well-known publisher of the firm of Vernor & Hood,
was early placed "upon lofty stool at lofty desk" in a
merchant's counting-house, subsequently became an ap-
prentice at the engraving business, and finally adopted
the anxious life and depended upon the uncertain gains
of a London man-of-letters at large. In 1821 he became
sub-editor of the London Magazine, was subsequently a
contributor to Punch, editor of the New Monthly Maga-
zine, and for one year editor of The Gem.
1. Odes and Addresses to Great People, 12mo. Written
in conjunction with his brother-in-law, Mr. J. H. Reynolds.
2. Whims and Oddities, 12mo. New ed., 1854, 12mo.
This was very popular. 3. National Tales, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"SHEPHERD: What for did ye no send me out to Altrive Hood's
National Tales? Yon Whims and Oddities of his were maist in-
genious and divertin'. Are the National Tales gude?' NORTH:
Some of them are excellent, and few are without the impress of
originality."-Noctes Ambrosianæ, April, 1827.
C
Dr. Mackenzie's comment on the above is:
"Hood's National Tales were such as many men with inferior
ability might readily have written.”—Ed. Noctes Ambrosianæ, N.
York, 1855, ii. 363.
The public were of this mind, for certainly the Tales
Plea of the Midsummer Fairies; and other Poems, 1828,
were never popular. Hood was not in his vein. 4. The
p. 8vo. The first-named of these is the longest of Hood's
poems. 5. The Comic Annual, pub. 1830-42.
"For the thirteenth time the master-spirit of modern whim and
drollery offereth his hand to the public; and never surely did
Frolic proffer a merry greeting to his million friends better timed."
-Lon. Athenæum; Notice of the Comic Annnal for 1842.
"Hood's Comic Annual contains more wit, more fun and hu-
mour, than any work that has been published for many a long
day."-Lon. Post.
Some of the articles in the Comic Annuals were subse-
quently reproduced, and pub. with the additional new
matter, as Hood's Own. 6. Hood's Own Complete, 1839, 8vc.
New ed., 1846, Svo. 7. Tylney Hall; a Novel, 1834, 3
vols. New eds. in 1840 and 49. Neither this novel,
nor the incomplete tale entitled Our Family, added any
?
HOO
HOO
thing to Hood's literary reputation. 8. Up the Rhine; 2d
ed., 1840, cr. 8vo. This is a satire on the manners of
English travellers. 9. Whimsicalities: a Periodical Ga-
9. Whimsicalities: a Periodical Ga-
thering, 1844, fp. 8vo. This collection contains many
articles originally pub. in the New Monthly Magazine.
"In this work are some of Mr. Hood's best efforts; things that
will make the thoughtful wiser, and the unthinking merrier.”
10. Hood's Comic Album, in Prose and Verse, 1844,12mo.
11. The Dream of Eugene Aram. New ed., 1845, 12mo.
This graphic poein-perhaps, next to the Song of the Shirt,
the most popular of Hood's productions-originally ap-
peared in the Gem for 1829. 12. Poems; 2d ed., 1846, fp.
8vo; 1851. 12mo; 5th ed., 1852, 12mo; 1854, 12mo. 13.
Poems of Wit and Humour, 1847, 12mo; 3d ed., 1851, 12mo;
1854, 12mo. The Song of the Shirt, which has elicited
countless imitations, and has, we trust, somewhat amelio-
rated the condition of a most deserving class of operatives,
was the author's latest production of any importance, and
originally appeared in Punch in 1844. In addition to the
many literary labours just recorded, we must not forget to
notice the monthly magazine established by our author,
bearing his own name,-Hood's Comic Miscellany. About
a year before his death, a pension of £100 per annum was
granted by Government to his wife, and a subscription was
raised shortly after his demise for the benefit of his widow
and his two children. A collective ed. of Hood's Choice
Works,-1. Prose and Verse; 2. Up the Rhine; 3. Whims
and Oddities; 4. Poems; 5. Hood's Own; 6. Whimsicali-
ties,-in 4 vols. 12mo, (also in 6 vols. 12mno,) was pub. in
1852, in New York, by Messrs. George P. Putnam & Co.
In 1855, Messrs. Phillips, Sampson & Co., of Boston, pub-
lished a volume of more than 500 pages, containing "all
of Hood's poems contained in Moxon's collections of the
author's sentimental and humorous verses, with several
additions from other sources. It was the most complete
collection that had been made at the time of its
ance."
This collection was edited by Epes Sargent; and in
1856 the same gentleman edited, for the same house,
the Humorous Poems of Thomas Hood; including Love
and Lunacy, Ballads, Tales and Legends, Odes and Ad-
dresses to Great People, and Miscellaneous Poems, now
first collected. This vol., of about the same size as the
first, contains, besides other matter, many of Hood's con-
tributions to the London Magazine and the New Monthly
Magazine during his editorial connexion with these pe-
riodicals. An edit. of Hood's Poetical Works has also
been pub. by Messrs. Little, Brown, and Co., of Boston,
in 2 vols. 18mo, and several of his separate publications
have been reprinted in America. On the same day that
this article was prepared for the printer, (in Oct. 1856,)
Messrs. Little, Brown & Co. pub. two more vols. of The
Poetical Works of Thomas Hood, making in all 4 vols. of
their edit. We append their advertisement:
I
"This is the largest collection of Hood's Poems yet offered to
the public, either in England or America.”
have stayed with us!' for never could it be more truly recorded of
any one in the words of Hamlet characterizing Yorick-that
MOR: ubi supra.
'he was a fellow of infinite jest, of most excellent fancy.""-D. M.
Hood, Thomas Sutton. A Treatise on Gypsum
as a manure, &c., 1805, (or 1808,) 8vo.
Hood, W. Charles, M.D., Resident Physician at
Provision of Criminal Lunatics, Lon., 1854, 8vo.
Bethlehem Hospital, London. Suggestions for the Future
Hook, James, LL.D., 1771-1828, eldest son of the
two preceding, and brother to Theodore Edward Hook,
was educated at St. Mary Hall, Oxford; became Arch-
deacon of Huntingdon in 1814, Dean of Worcester in
1825, and held some other preferments. 1. Jack of New-
bury; an Opera, 1795. 2. Diamond Cut Diamond;
Musical Entertainment, 1797. Neither of these were
printed. 3. Anguis in Herba; a true Sketch of the Ch.
of Eng. and her Clergy, Lon., 1802, Svo. See Lon. Geut.
appear-Charge, 1816, 4to. 6. Serm., 1818. See Lon. Gent. Mag.,
Mag., 72, ii. 636-642. 4. Serm., &c., 1812, Svo. 5. A
79, ii. 234. 7. Pen Owen; a Novel, Edin., 1822. S. Percy
Mallory; a Novel, 1823. These novels, pub. anonymously,
are not without merit. A biographical sketch of Dr. Hook
will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1828.
Hook, Sarah Ann. 1. The Widowed Bride, or
Celina; a Novel, 1802, 3 vols. 12mo. 2. Secret Machina-
tions; a Novel, 1804, 4 vols. 12mo.
We have but small space for quotations of opinions in
addition to those already cited respecting the merits of
this popular author; but those who desire to read more
about the serio-comic Hood shall not be disappointed.
Consult, then, Hood's Literary Reminiscences; Biography
prefixed to Epes Sargent's Poetical Works of Hood, Bost.,
1855, 12mo; Biography, in Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1845;
Gilfillan's Second Gallery of Literary Portraits; Allan
Cunningham's Biog. and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the Last
Fifty Years; Moir's Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-Century;
Whipple's Essays and Reviews, and his Lectures; Edin.
Rev., lxxxiii. 375; Westminster Rev., xxxi. 119; Lon.
Month. Rev., cxii. 431; cxiv. 253; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser.,
xix. 285; Blackw. Mag., xxi. 45, 487; xxiv. 676; xxvii.
633; xli. 172; Dubl. Univ. Mag., xxvii. 563; Lon. Athe-
næum; Lon. Literary Gazette; Amer. Whig Rev., by F. W.
Shelton, iii. 481; Knickerbocker, by F. W. Shelton, xxxvi.
131; Knickerbocker, xxx. 349; N. York Eclec. Mag., viii.
289; x. 496; Boston Living Age, i. 198; ii. 472; v. 310;
vi. 46, 116; xii. 540; Phila. Museum, x. 298.
"His Dream of Eugene Aram places him high among the bards
who deal in dark and fearful things and intimate rather than ex-
press deeds which men shudder to hear named. Some other of
bis poems have much tenderness, and a sense of nature, animate
and inanimate."-ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: ubi supra.
“Hood's verse, whether serious or comic,-whether serene like
a cloudless autumn evening, or sparkling with puns like a frosty
January midnight with stars,—was ever pregnant with materials
for thought. . . . Like every author distinguished for true comic
humour, there was a deep vein of melancholy pathos running
through his mirth; and even when his suu shone brightly, its
light seemed often reflected as if only over the rim of a cloud.
Well may we say, in the words of Tennyson, Would he could
•
"Dr. Hood has written an interesting book upon a very im-
portant subject. The statistical details which it presents are
drawn up with great care and industry.”—Lon. Med. Times and
Gazette.
Hoofnail, John. Practical Improvements touching
Colours, Lon., 1738, Svo.
Hook, Major. His Defence against Capt. Campbell's
Action, 1793, Lon., 1793, 8vo.
Hook, Andrew, M.D. Prac. of Physic, Lon., 1734,
8vo.
Hook, James, 1746-1827, a native of Norwich, organ-
ist at St. George's Chapel, Windsor, the father of Dr.
James Hook and Theodore Edward Hook, was the author
of more than 140 musical productions, operas, dramatic
pieces, &c., and upwards of 2000 songs.
Hook, Mrs. James, formerly Miss Madden, wife
of the preceding, was the author of The Double Disguise,
a Musical Entertainment, Lon., 1784, Svo.
In
Hook, Theodore Edward, 1788–1841, a native of
London, was the son of James Hook, the musical com-
poser, and a brother of Dr. James Hook, Dean of Wor-
cester, both of whom have already come under our notice.
Theodore was sent to Harrow to be educated, and had
there for his school-fellows Sir Robert Peel and Lord
Byron, with whom, however, he does not seem at that
time to have formed any acquaintance. He had already
commenced authorship; for before his admission to Har-
row, and whilst at school in Cambridgeshire, (being then
thirteen years of age,) he wrote a piece for the stage. The
early evidence of talent was accompanied by indications
of an extraordinary genius for music and great facility
in the composition of ballads; and his father, whose pro-
fession enabled him to make a profitable use of his son's
varied accomplishments, was early persuaded to let him
remain at home as a junior partner in his business.
1805, Theodore made his début as a dramatic author in
the Comic Opera of The Soldier's Return, and his success
was complete. This triumph was succeeded by one still
more decided, if possible, in the next year, when Liston
and Mathews both figured, to the unbounded delight of
the public, in the boy-author's musical farce of Catch
Him who Can. Young Theodore, now the favourite of
the town and the darling of the Green Room, was in that
dangerous position which had been foreseen by his brother,
the worthy clergyman, who a short time previously had
almost by force carried him to Oxford, had him entered as
a student, and in vain looked for his arrival when the
period had arrived for the commencement of his collegiate
course. For a graphic account of this portion of Hook's
life, and his subsequent experience, we must refer the
reader to his autobiographical novel of Gilbert Gurney;
the Rev. Mr. Barham's Life and Remains of Theodore
Hook, 1849, 2 vols. p. Svo; 5th ed., 1853, fp. Svo; to J. G.
Lockhart's article-" Theodore Hook”—in Lon.Quar.Rev.,
xxii. 53-108, reprinted separately in Murray's Reading
for the Rail, 3d ed., 1852, fp. Svo; and to the authorities
cited below. And now we behold Theodore fairly launched
of author, musician, singer, man of fashion, and inex-
upon the great sea of London life in the various capacities
haustible inventor of practical jokes. Of the last, it may
be sufficient to glance at that of the extempore surveyors,
i
875
HOO
H100
and the famous Berners-Street Hoax in 1809. But it was by an enthusiastic advocacy of High-Tory principles.
as an improvisatore that Hook shone in all his glory, was also a contributor, in early life, to the Satirist Maga-
and without fear of a rival. Mrs. Mathews has so graphi-zine, and subsequently to Bentley's Miscellany; and, in
cally described his marvellous powers in this line, that addition to the many works which he actually produced,
we cannot do better than transcribe her account of a re- promised many more, and prepared materials for A His-
markable scene which took place on the occasion of a tory of the House of Hanover, which was also left un-
dinner given by the Drury Lane Company to their pro- finished.
finished. Shortly after his return from the Mauritius,
prietor, the brilliant but improvident Sheridan:
he attempted to establish a minor magazine, called The
Arcadian; but it only survived for a short time. He was
the author of one article in the Quarterly Review,-that
on Prince Puckler-Muskau's English Tour, in vol. xlvi.,-
and probably contributed to other journals not here named.
Hook was a mere butterfly of fashion, without high mo-
ral principle, and apparently without any appreciation of
the duty devolving upon all to labour for the welfare and
improvement of the race, and to cultivate the mind and
discipline the heart for a higher sphere than that to be
found in the frivolities of the ball-room or the enchant-
ments of the stage. Hook was never married. He left
six children, who, with their mother, were aided by a sub-
scription of £3000 after their father's death. Of his
remarkable literary industry for a period of almost forty
years, the following list of his works affords the best
illustration.
"In the course of it many persons sung, and Mr. Hook, being
in turn solicited, displayed, to the delight and surprise of all pre-
sent, his wondrous talent in extemporaneous singing. The com-
pany was numerous, and generally strangers to Mr. Hook; but,
without a moment's premeditation, he composed a verse upon
every person in the room, full of the most pointed wit. and with
the truest rhymes. unhesitatingly gathering into his subject, as
he rapidly proceeded, in addition to what had passed during the
dinner, every trivial incident of the moment. Every action was
turned to account: every circumstance—the look, the gesture, or
any other incidental effects-served as occasion for more wit; and
even the singer's ignorance of the names and condition of many
of the party seemed to give greater facility to his brilliant hits
than even acquaintance with them might have furnished. Mr.
Sheridan was astonished at his extraordinary faculty, and de-
clared that he could not have imagined such power possible. had
he not witnessed it. No description, he said, could have con-
vinced him of so peculiar an instance of genius: and he protested
he should not have believed it to be an unstudied effort, had he
not seen proof that no anticipation could have been formed of
what might arise to furnish matter and opportunities for the ex-
ercise of this rare talent.”—Life of Charles Mathews.
It is probable that it is to this occurrence that the au-
thor of the biography of Hook, in the Gentleman's Maga-
zine, alludes, when he tells us
"We remember once to have heard Mr. Hook sing a song upon
a company of sixty persons, each verse containing an epigram.
Sheridan was present, and expressed his opinion that it was one
of the most extraordinary exertions of human intellect that he
had ever witnessed.”
-
(6
Such brilliant powers of entertainment were quite as
well calculated to win the substantial favour of "the first
gentleman of his age" as more solid recommendations
would have been; and we need not therefore be surprised
that, through the patronage of the Regent, the sparkling
wit and irresistible punster was in 1812 appointed to the
dignified office of Accomptant-General and Treasurer to
the Colony of the Mauritius, worth some £2000 per annum.
Hook seems to have passed his time for five years very
pleasantly in his new home, "drinking his wine and
munching his fruit" during the day, and passing every
evening at the balls, in which the gay society of the place
indulged to their hearts' content. But a melancholy page
in his history was now close at hand. In 1818 his ac-
counts were examined, and a defalcation discovered of
(as was first alleged) about £20,000, but which was subse-
quently (in 1823) reported by the Audit Board to be
£12,000. The unhappy treasurer was suddenly dragged
from supper-table to prison, and shortly afterwards sent
home-on account of something wrong in the chest," he
told an inquiring friend, ignorant of the true state of
affairs—to London, under charge of a military guard. We
have no time nor space to linger over the details of this
unpleasant episode in Hook's life; but we suppose it to
be now generally agreed that his only culpability-a
serious one, to-be-sure-in this unfortunate affair was his
lack of attention to his official duties. If, as we are as-
sured, during the five years that he remained on the
island, Hook never visited his office, for the purpose of
business, five times," we can readily believe that his sub- |
ordinates paid more regard to the large cash receipts of
the office; and the suicide of one of them-who, it is true,
bad first called attention to the deficiency in the fund-is
calculated to relieve the character of the Ex-Treasurer
from the serious charge of peculation. Hook reached
home, after a tedious and uncomfortable passage of nearly
nine months, in January, 1819, and immediately com-
menced that diligent use of his pen which enabled him to
produce more new volumes than there remained years in
the balance of his life. Indeed, from 1824 to 1841, the
year of his death, a period of about seventeen years,-for |
about two of which he was imprisoned under Government
arrest,—he wrote 38 vols., besides editing the John Bull, a
weekly newspaper, and (for part of the time) The New
Monthly Magazine. Of the John Bull, commenced Dec.
16, 1820, he was one of the principal founders; and his
share in the stock in the palmy days of the paper brought
him in no less than £2000 per annum, in addition to a liberal |
salary. His income for a number of years was probably
not less than £3000 per annum. But his improvidence
led him into continual embarrassments, which made him
the prey of the most harassing anxieties. As the con-
ductor of the John Bull, he distinguished himself by bitter
nvectives against Queen Caroline and her supporters, and
""
/
CA
1.The Soldier's Return; a Comic Opera, 1805,Svo. 2. Catch
Him who Can; Musical Farce, 1806. 3. The Invisible
Girl; Petite Piece, 1806. 4. Tekeli; Melo-Drama, 1806.
5. The Fortress; Melo-Drama, 1807. 6. Music-Mad;
Dram. Sketch. 7. Siege of St. Quintin; Drama, 1807. 8.
Killing no Murder; Farce, 1809. 9. Safe and Sound;
Opera, 1809. 10. The Man of Sorrow, 1809, 3 vols. This,
his first novel, was a failure. See Lon. Month. Rev., lix.
320-321. 11. Ass-ass-ination; Serio-comic Entertainment,
1810. Not printed.
1810. Not printed. 12. The Will, or The Widow; Dram.
Trifle, 1810. Not printed. 13. Trial by Jury; Farce,
1811. 14. Darkness Visible; Farce, 1811.
15. Pigeons
and Crows; Com., 1819. 16. Exchange no Robbery; Com.,
1820. 17. Tentamen; or, an Essay towards the History
of Whittington and his Cat, by Dr. Vicesimus Blenkinsop,
1820. This was a satire on Queen Caroline and Alderman
Wood. 18. Peter and Paul; Drama, 1821. 19. Sayings
and Doings. First Series, 1824, 3 vols. 20. Second Series,
1825, 3 vols. 21. Third Series, 1828, 3 vols. These 9
vols., originally pub. at £4 14s. 6d., have been reprinted
in three vols. for 108. 6d. See Blackw. Mag., xv. 334;
xvii. 224. Hook's biographer in the Gent. Mag. says that
Colburn agreed to pay £600 for the First Series, and
voluntarily added 350 more, making £950 in all. But
Mr. Lockhart says (in Lon. Quar. Rev., Ixxii. 88) that
Hook's diary represents his profits on the First Series at
£2000. For the Second Series and Third Series Hook
received from Colburn £1000 each. 22. Reminiscences
of Michael Kelly, 1826, 2 vols. This was compiled by
Hook from Kelly's "rough illiterate materials." It was
reviewed by Sir Walter Scott in the Lon. Quar. Rev.,
xxxiv. 242–248. 23. Maxwell, 1830, 3 vols.; considered
the best of Hook's novels. 24. The Life of Sir David
Baird, 1832, 2 vols. This biography greatly pleased Lady
Baird, who presented the author with a magnificent dia-
mond snuff-box, presented by the Pacha of Egypt to Sir
David. 25. The Parson's Daughter, 1833, 3 vols. 26.
Jack Brag, 1837, 3 vols. 27. Births, Deaths, and Mar-
riages, 1839, 3 vols. This work paid Hook about £600.
30. Love and Pride, 1833, 3 vols. 31. Gilbert Gurney,
1835. This autobiography—it almost deserves the name
-was originally contributed-as was the sequel, which fol-
lows-to the New Monthly Magazine. 32. Gurney Married,
1839. This, and the preceding, (q. v.,) were collected into
3 vols. 33. Pascal Bruno; a Sicilian Story, 1837, 1 vol.
34. Cousin Geoffrey, the Old Bachelor, 1840, 3 vols. 35.
Fathers and Sons, 1841, 3 vols. Originally contributed
to the New Monthly Mag. 36. Precept and Practice,
1840, 3 vols. Originally contributed to the New Monthly
Mag. 37. Adventures of an Actor; or, The French Stage
and French People, from the Journal of M. Fleury; 2d
ed., 1842, 2 vols: Edited by Hook. 38. Peregrine Bunce,
1842, 3 vols. Posthumous, and, as Mr. Lockhart insists,
(Quar. Rev., 1xxii. 53, 88,) not all written by Hook. Several
of his novels have been repub. from time to time, and a
new ed. of Maxwell-esteemed the best of all-has been
issued within the last two weeks, (September, 1856.) For
further information respecting Hook and his writings, we
refer the render, in addition to the authorities cited above,
to Allan Cunningham's Biog. and Crit. Hist. of the Lit.
of the Last Fifty Years; Moir's Poet. Lit. of the Past
Half-Century; Madden's Literary Life and Corresp. of the
Countess of Blessington; Bentley's Miscellany, Sept.
876
HOO
HOO
:
1841; Lon. Gent. Mag., Oct. 1841; Westminster Rev., xv.
155; xxviii. 169; Irish Quar. Rev., Sept. 1853; Dubl.
Univ. Mag., xxxiii. 81; Blackw. Mag., xii. 708; xiv. 237;
xv. 90, 92; xvii. 225; xxiii. 400; xxvi. 561; xxx. 532;
Xxxviii. 298; xli. 731. Fraser's Mag., ix. 436; xxiv.
518; Lon. Literary Gazette; Lon. Athenæum; Ñ. York
Eclec. Mag., xvi. 399.
"It would not be easy to find another artist with ability equal
to Hook's for discussing the good and evil, the passions and
affectations, the fits of generosity and settled systems of saving,
the self-sufficiency and the deplorable weakness, the light and
darkness, the virtue and the vice, of this prodigious Babel. The
stories which he tells might be invented with little outlay of
fancy, for the best of them are far from being consistent; but the
characters which live and breathe in them would make the nar-
ratives pleasing though they were as crooked as the walls of
Troy."-ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: ubi supra.
"Doubtless, his wit and humour were apt to degenerate into
buffoonery, his pathos into sentimentality, and his nature into
conventionalism; but his knowledge of city life, in its manners,
habits, and language, seemed intuitive, and has been surpassed
only by Fielding and Dickens. Many and multifarious, however,
as are his volumes, he bas left behind him no great creation.
nothing that can be pointed to as a triumphant index of the ex-
traordinary powers which he undoubtedly possessed.”—D. M.
MOIR: ubi supra.
16
TICKLER.Confound haste and hurry! What else can account
for Theodore Hook's position? Who that has read his Sayings
and Doings, and, above all, his Maxweil, can doubt that, had he
given himself time for consideration and correction, we should
have been hailing him ere now, nem. con., as another Smollett, if
not another Le Sage? . . . .
M
“NORTH.—“I agree with you; and I sincerely hope this novel-
improvisatore will pause ere it is too late, and attempt something
really worthy of his imagination. But, as it is, such is the rich
ness of the vis comica showered over these careless extravaganzas,
that, unless he himself throws them into the shade by subsequent
performances, I venture to say they have a better chance of being
remembered a hundred years hence than any contemporary pro-
ductions of their class-except ouly those of the two great lights
of Scotland and Ireland-Jam dudum ad scripta Camoenis.'"-
JOHN WILSON: Noctes Ambrosianæ, &pt. 1831.
"His name will be preserved. His political songs and jeux
d'esprit, when the hour comes for collecting them, will form a
volume of sterling and lasting attraction; and after many clever
romances of this age shall have sufficiently occupied public atten-
tion, and sur, like hundreds of former generations, into utter
oblivion, there are tales in his collection which will be read with,
we venture to think, even a greater interest than they commanded
in their novelty.... We have already expressed our opinion,
however, that Theodore Hook's ability in conversation was above
what he ever exemplified in his writings. We have seen him in
We have seen him in
company with very many of the most eminent men of his time;
and we never, until he was near his end, carried home the im-
pression with us that he had been surpassed."-J. G. LOCKHART:
ubi supra.
Hook, Walter Farquhar, D.D., Vicar of Leeds,
Preb. of Lincoln, and Chaplain-in-Ordinary to the Queen,
is a son of Dr. James Hook, Dean of Worcester, and a
nephew of Theodore Edward Hook, both of whom have
already come under our notice. Dr. Hook is noted for his
untiring energy in the cause of church extension, and is
the author of many theological publications, of which the
Church Dictionary, (7th ed., 1854, Svo.) Ecclesiastical
Biography, (vols. i-viii., 1845-52, 12mo,) Hear the
Church, (28th ed., 1838. 8vo,) a Call to Union, (4th ed.,
1839, Svo,) and the Serms. on the Miracles, (1847-48,
2 vols. fp. Svo,) on various subjects, (2d ed., 1844, fp. Svo.) |
and those delivered before the Univ. of Oxford. (3d ed.,
1847, 12mo,) are among the best-known. See Men of the
Time, Lon., 1856; Church of Eng. Quar. Rev.; Eclec.
Rev., 4th Ser., xii. 502; Fraser's Mag., xix. 1.
Hooke, Colonel. The Secret Hist. of Col. Hooke's
Negotiations in Scot. in favour of the Pretender, Lon.,
1760, Svo.
Hooke, A., a Professor. Religionis Naturalis et
Revelata Principia, in Uşum Acad. Juventutus, 1773, 3
vols. Svo.
Hooke, Andrew. 1. Bristolliana; or, Memoirs of
the City of Bristol, Lon., 1748, Svo. 2. Dissert. on the
Antiquity of Bristol, Svo. 3. Essay on the National Debt
and National Capital, 1750, Svo.
"The author of this tract endeavours to trace and exhibit the
increase of the national capital from 1600 upwards; but it is need-
less to say that there must always be more of conjecture than of
certainty in such estimates."-McCulloch's Lit. of Pulit. Econ.
Hooke, Benjamin. Blow-Pipe; Nic. Jour., 1803.
Hooke, Christopher. Serm., &c., Lon., 1590, &c.
Hooke, John. Creed-Making, &c., Lon., 1729, Svo.
Hooke, Nathaniel, d. 1763, a R. Catholic, of whose
life few particulars are known, will always be remembered
for his excellent Roman History, and as the friend of
Alexander Pope, who brought the priest to his death-bed,
to Bolingbroke's great disgust. 1. Trans. of the Life of
Fenelon, 1723, 12mo. 2. Roman Hist., from the Building
of Rome to the end of the Commonwealth, 4 vols. 4to: i.
1773; ii. 1745; iii. 1764; iv. 1771. Vols. i., ii., and iii.
have been frequently reprinted in 4to; 1766, 9 vols. 8vo;
1806, 11 vols. Svo; 1818, 11 vols. 8vo; 1830, 6 vols. 8vo.
This work should be read as an introduction to Gibbon's
History, which carries on the narrative.
"The Roman History of this judicious and masterly writer 1s
a most valuable accession to the stock of historical learning. The
execution is equal throughout. Mr. Hooke seems to have pos
sessed in a very eminent degree the rare talent of separating the
partisan from the historian, of which few writers are capable, and
of comparing contradictory authorities with impartiality and
penetration. He does not appear to have been a bigot to any
principles or a slave to any authority."-Lon. Month. Rec.
"This occupies the whole ground that Livy had chosen. He
was a laborious and faithful compiler. The Jesuits Catron and
Rouillé far exceeded him, for they compiled a Roman History in
21 vols. 4to. which is the most extensive Roman History extant."
-Chancellor Kent.
"It is more thorough than Ferguson's history, and far more
faithful than that of Echard. Goldsmith's Rome is only a pleasant
abridgment of it, while Arnold's learned and valuable work
Historians, 1856.
closes with the Punic wars."-Lawrence's Lires of the British
3. Trans. of Ramsay's Travels of Cyrus, 1739, 4to. 4.
An Account of the Conduct of the Dowager-Dutchess of
Marlborough, from her first coming to Court to the. year
1710, 1742, Svo. For this work the duchess rewarded the
author with £5000, but soon quarrelled with him, on ac-
count, as she alleged, of his efforts to convert her to the
Church of Rome. Hooke also pub. some works on the
Roman Senate, on which subject he had a controversy
with Dr. Conyers Middleton. See Nichols's Lit. Anec.;
Ruffhead's Life of Pope; Chesterfield's Memoirs; Bos-
well's Life of Johnson; Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors.
"Hooke was a virtuous man, as his history shows."—Dr. John,
SON: un supra.
Hooke, Robert, M.D., 1635–1702, an eminent ex-
perimental philosopher, a native of Freshwater, in the
Isle of Wight, and son of the rector of that place, was
educated at Christ Church, Oxford; elected in January,
1665, Curator of Experiments for the Royal Society for
life; and in March of the same year succeeded Dr. Dacres
as Professor of Geometry in Gresham College. Hooke was
unquestionably one of the most ingenious philosophers
whom the world has ever seen, and perhaps no one man
ever made so many discoveries, amounting, with the
contrivances for illustrating them, to some hundreds.
Among those which he claimed-for with respect to some
the priority of discovery is a matter of dispute-are:
1656. Barometer or Weather-Glass; 1657. A scapement
for maintaining the vibration of a pendulum; and subse-
quently the regulating or balance-spring for watches;
1658. The Double-barrelled air-pump and the conical
pendulum; 1660. The engine for cutting clock and watch-
wheels; the chief phenomena of capillary attraction; the
freezing of water a fixed temperature; 1663. The method
of supplying air to a diving-bell; the number of vibra-
tions made by a musical chord; 1665. In this year his
Micrographia was pub., in which will be found notices of
many of his discoveries on respiration, the composition
of the atmosphere, and the nature of light; 1666. A
quadrant by reflection; 1667. The marine barometer, and
the gauge for sounding unfathomable depths; 1674. Steam-
engine on Newcomen's principle; 1679. That the air was
the sole source of heat in burning, &c.; 1684. The applica-
tion of the principle of the Telegraph. See Encyc. Brit.;
Life, by Waller Biog. Brit.; Wood's Gresham Profes-
sors; Athen. Oxon.; Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe;
Bouvier's Familiar Astronomy. In 1686, on the publica-
tion of Newton's Principia, Hooke (who had in 1671
attacked Newton's New Theory of Light and Colours)
claimed the prior discovery of the principle of gravita-
tion, or, rather, the application of that principle. But
Newton's letters to Halley settle the matter in favour of
the writer. Yet great credit is undoubtedly due to Hooke.
To borrow the language of Professor Playfair, when com-
menting on "the length to which Galileo advanced in
this direction, and the point at which he stopped,'
""
"Hooke did not stop short in the same unaccountable manner,
but made a nearer approach to the truth_than any one had yet
done."-Third Prelim. Dissert. to Encyc. Brit.
In the words of a learned lady of our day,
"The idea expressed by Kepler, of the ebb and flow of the
ocean being caused by the attractive influence of the moon, re-
ceived in 1666 and 1674 a fresh impulse and a more extended ap-
plication through the sagacity of the ingenious Robert Hooke, a
noted experimental philosopher, who distinguished himself by
numerous discoveries in science."-Hannah M. Bouvier's Familiar
Astronomy, Phila., 1857, 346.
The following is a list of the works of this distinguished
philosopher. 1. An Attempt to Explain the Phenomena
of an Experiment of Robert Boyle, Lon., 1661, Svo. 2.
STT
HOO
HOO
Micrographia, Lon., 1665, 71, fol.; Abridgt., 1780, fol.;
Micrographia Restituta, 1745, fol. 3. Animadversions on
the first part of Hevelius his machina celestis, 1674, 4to.
4. Essays on Physical Subjects, 1674-82, 4to. 5. Attempt
to prove the Motion of the Earth from Observations, 1674,
4to. 6. Descrip. of Helioscopes and other Instruments
made by himself, 1676, 4to. 7. Lampas, 1677, 4to.
"Dr. Hooke, . ..who had a particular predilection for hypo-
thesis, sketched in his Micrographia a very beautiful theoretical
explanation of combustion, and promised to develop his doctrine
more fully in a subsequent book; a promise which he never ful
filled, though in his Lampas, published about twenty [twelve]
years afterwards, he has given a very beautiful explanation of
the way in which a candle burns."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe,
ed. 1854; iii. 580-581.
S. Letters and Collection of Letters concerning Comets,
Microscopes, &c., 1677, 4to; 1678, fol. 9. Lects. de. Po-
tentia Restitutiva; or, Of Springs: explaining the Powers
of Springs, 1678, 4to. 10. Philosophical Collections, Nos.
1-7, 1678, 4to. Pub. during a period in which the Phil.
Trans. were discontinued. Hooke's Nos. are always con-
sidered a part of Phil. Trans. 11. Posthumous Works,
with his Life, by Richard Waller, 1705, fol. 12. Philos.
Observ. and Experiments, pub. by W. Derham, 1726, Svo.
13. Papers on subjects of astronomy and natural philo-
sophy, in Phil. Trans., 1665-86. And see Early Develop-
ment of the Antiphlogistian Theory of Combustion, in
Nic. Jour., 1800.
1
"He always expressed veneration for the Deity, as may be seen.
in a great many passages of his writings; and seldom received
any remarkable benefit from God, without thankfully acknow-
ledging the mercy; he never made any considerable discovery in
nature, invented any useful contrivance, or found out any diffi-
cult problem, without setting down his acknowledgment to God,
as many places in his diary testified. And he frequently studied
the sacred writings in the originals.”—Life, by Waller : ubi supra.
Hooke, William, d. 1677, aged 76, minister of New
Haven, 1644, returned to England in 1656, and became
chaplain to Oliver Cromwell. New England's Teares for
Old England's Feares; a Fast Serm. at Taunton, July 23,
1640, Lon., 1641, 4to.
Hooker, Mrs. A Composition for Painting; Nic.
Jour., 1808.
Hooker, Asahel, 1762-1813, a native of Bethlehem,
Conn., and minister of Norwich, in the same State, a de-
scendant of Thomas Hooker, (ante,) pub. five occasional
serms., 1805, &c.
England, 1572? 4to; The Events of Comets, Lon., 1577,
Svo: Cat. of the Bishops of Excester, 1584; Offices, etc.
of Everie Officer of Excester, 1584, 4to; and The Antique
Descrip. and Account of Exeter, Exon., 1765, sm. 4to. See
Prince's Worthies of Devon; Athen. Oxon.; Ware's Ire-
land, by Harris.
Hooker, John, d. 1777, aged 48, minister of North-
ampton, Mass., a native of Farmington, graduated at Yale
College in 1751, was a descendant of Thomas Hooker,
(ante.) He pub. a Serm. at the Ordination of T. Allen,
Pittsfield, 1764; and a Funeral Serm. on John Hunt, of
Boston, 1776.
2. Popular Infidelity, Phila., 1835, 12mo. The later
edits. bear the title of The Philosophy of Unbelief in
Morals and Religion, &c. In the words of a critic,
This book is characterized by a lucid and agreeable style, by
profound and discriminating thought, and by great strength of
moral and religious feeling."
3. Family Book of Devotion, 1836, 8vo. 4. The Uses
of Adversity, and the Provisions of Consolation, 1846,
18mo.
“I can desire no higher satisfaction, and certainly there can be
no truer honour, than to be the instrument of conveying comfort
to the bereaved and desponding, and causing their grief to assume
the aspect and direction of celestial love.”—Author's Preface.
Hooker, Joseph Dalton, M.D., R.N., the only sur-
viving son of Sir Wm. Jackson Hooker, and an eminent
botanical writer. 1. Flora Antarctica; or, Botany of the
Antarctic Voyage of II.M. Ships Erebus and Terror, 1839-
43, under Capt. Sir James Clark Ross, R.N., Lon., 1844-
47, 2 vols. 4to, £7 108.; col'd, £10 158. The descriptions,
notes, and illustrations of these vols. are entitled to all
praise. Dr. Hooker was Assistant-Surgeon of the Erebus,
and Botanist to the Expedition. 2. Cryptogamia Ant-
arctica, (issued separately,) 1847, r. 4to, £2 178.; col'd, £4
48. 3. The Rhododendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya; edited
by Sir W. J. Hooker, D.C.L., 1849-51, imp. fol., £3 11.
"Of the species of Rhododendron which he has found in his
adventurous journey, some are quite unrivalled in magnificence
of appearance."-Lon. Gardener's Chronicle.
4. Flora of New Zealand, 1852-54, r. 4to, £8; col'd,
£12 128. Introduc. Essay, pub. separately, 4to, at 28.
"The beautiful execution of the work renders it a library-book,
even to those who are not interested about natural history."-
Lon. Gardener's Chronicle.
5. Thoughts and Maxims, 1847, sq. 16mo. 6. The Chris-
tian Life a Fight of Faith, 1848, 18mo. Dr. Hooker has
also contributed a number of articles to the periodicals of
the day.
Hooker, Herman, D.D., b. 1804, at Poultney, Rut-
land county, Vermont, graduated at Middlebury College
in 1825, studied divinity at the Presbyterian Theological
Seminary in Princeton, and subsequently took orders in
the Episcopal Church. Obliged by ill health to forbear
the use of his voice in the pulpit, he has for many years
been widely known as a bookseller in Philadelphia, where
he now resides. 1. The Portion of the Soul, Phila., 1835,
32mo; Lon., 1836, 18mo.
"We recommend this interesting little volume for the hands
(
of those who feel that void of heart which none but God can fill.'
It is full of high and holy thoughts, given with much mind, cal-
culated to lead the minds of others to the centre of rest."-Chris
tian Examiner, June, 1836.
|
The style of Dr. Hooker abounds in spontaneous interest and
unexpected graces. It seems to result immediately from his cha-
racter, and to be an inseparable part of it. . . . We meet at times
in Dr. Hooker's writings with phrases of the rarest felicity, and of
great delicacy and expressiveness; in which we know not whether
most to admire the vigour which has conceived so striking a
thought. or the refinement of art which has fixed it in words so
beautifully exact.”—Griswold's Prose Writers of America.
And see N. York International Mag., v. 442–443.
Hooker, or Vowell, John, M.P., 1524?-1601, a
native of Exeter, and member of Parliament for that city,
the uncle of the "Judicious Hooker," has already come
under our notice as the coadjutor of Raphael Holinshed
in the compilation of his Chronicles. Hooker also wrote
The Order and Vsage of Keeping of the Parlements in
Cat
5. Himalayan Journals, with Maps and Illustrations,
1854, 2 vols. Svo, £1 168.; 2d ed., 1855, 2 vols. Svo, 188.
6. Illustrations of Sikkim-Himalayan Plants, 1855, imp.
Svo, £5 58. 7. Flora Tasmanica; Pt. 1, 1855, £1 118 6d.
Hooker,Richard, 1553?-1600, was a native of Heavy-
Tree, near Exeter. His good conduct and quickness in
learning whilst at the grammar-school of Exeter made
him a great favourite with his tutor, at whose instance
young Richard's uncle presented his nephew to Bishop
Jewel, and besought him, for
*
Charity's sake, to look favourably upon a poor nephew of his,
whom nature had fitted for a scholar, but the estate of his parents
was so narrow that they were unable to give him the advantage
of learning."
He therefore expressed the hope that the bishop would
for he was a boy of remarkable hopes."
"Become his patron, and prevent him from being a tradesman,
The good bishop sent him to Oxford and placed him
under charge of Dr. John Cole, President of Corpus Christi
College, who appointed him a tutor and Bible-clerk of the
college. He now enjoyed the advantage of the instructions
of Dr. John Reynolds for four years. In 1577 he was
chosen Fellow of his college. In 1579 he received the
appointment of deputy-professor of Hebrew. In 1581 he
was ordained; and, according to the college-statutes, he
was immediately appointed to preach, a sermon at St.
Paul's Cross, London. He lodged at a dwelling appro-
priated to the preachers, which was called the Shunamite's
house. Much indisposed by the fatigue of his journey to
the city, he was so grateful for the kind attentions of Mrs.
Churchman, who had charge of this "house of the pro-
phets," that his complaisance got the better of his judg-
ment. Walton tells the story so quaintly that, even at
the risk of being charged with countenancing a slander
against "provident" mothers, we must quote it:
6.
He thought himself bound in conscience to believe all that
she said so that the good man came to be persuaded by her, "That
he was a man of a tender constitution;' and 'that it was best for him
to have a wife that might prove a nurse to him; such an one as
might both prolong his life and make it more comfortable; and
such an one she could and would provide for him if he thought fit
to marry. And he, not considering that the children of this world
are wiser in their generation than the children of light, but. like
a true Nathaniel, fearing no guile, because he meant none, did give
her such a power as Eleazer was trusted with (you may read it in
the book of Genesis) when he was sent to choose a wife for Isaac;
for even so he trusted her to choose for him; promising upon a
fair summons to return to London and accept of her choice. And
he did so, in that or about the year following. Now, the wife pro-
vided for him was her daughter Joan, who brought him neither
beauty nor portion: and for her conditions, they were too like that
wife's which is by Solomon compared to a dripping house."
"Which A. Wood explains. by saying, that she was a silly,
clownish woman, and withal a meer Xantippe."
What a proof of the kindness of heart of good Mrs.
Churchman, to intrust the happiness of her daughter to
the young divine! So anxious was she to promote his
comfort and prolong what promised to be a valuable life,
that she was willing to submit to the sacrifice, and deprive
herself of the society of her dear Joan! But will it be
believed that the magnanimity of this excellent woman
88
HOO
HOO
has been questioned, and that she has even been blamed i. 697; Biog. Brit. Other edits. of Hooker's Works, in-
as a "managing mother," for thus converting Miss Joan cluding the Ecclesiastical Polity: Lon., 1676, '82, 1705,
Churchman into Mrs. Richard Hooker? So uncharitable! '19, '23, fol.; Dubl., 1721, fol. The ed. of 1723 is esteemed
is human nature! And, from some modern instances the best of the fol. edits. Oxf., 1793, 1807, '20, each in
which occasionally occur of like censure of mothers 3 vols. 8vo. Edited by Rev. W. S. Dobson, Lon., 1825, 2
whose disinterestedness is not appreciated, it would seem vols. 8vo. With an Introduc., Life of Thomas Cartwright,
that detraction was not confined to the days of Mrs. and many notes, [including extracts from the works an-
Churchman. If his wife did not prove, as his mother-in-swered by Hooker,] by B. Hanbury, an Independent Dis-
law promised she should, a "comfort" to him, we have senter, 1830, 3 vols. 8vo. Arranged by Rev. John Keble,
evidence that he bore his troubles with laudable equa- Oxf., 1836, 4 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1841, 3 vols. 8vo; 3d ed.,
nimity. Two of his former pupils, Mr. Edwin Sandys 1845, 3 vols. 8vo. Without Keble's Notes, 1845, 2 vols.
and Mr. George Cranmer, paid him a visit at his parsonage 8vo; 1850, 2 vols. 8vo. Keble's edit. is the best of all; but
at Drayton-Beauchamp, in Buckinghamshire, of which he the theologian should possess both Keble's and Hanbury's
became Rector in 1584; and we are told that
edit., on the good old principle, audi alteram partem.
Other edits., Lon., 1839, 2 vols. 8vo; 1845, Svo. The Ec-
clesiastical Polity has been pub. separately, sometimes
with an Analysis, Digest, &c.; and we have Abridgments
of and Selections from the Works of this great man, for
those who do not wish to purchase the whole. For titles
of his separate publications, discussions relative to the
authenticity of the 6th, 7th, and 8th books, as published,
and for further information respecting the author, see his
Life by Walton, Gauden, &c.; Biog. Brit.; Prince's Wor-
thies of Devon; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Brit. Lib.,
380, 599-600; Keble's ed. of his Works; authorities sub-
joined.
In the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, Hooker pre-
sents an elaborate, dignified, and learned defence of the
ministry, ritual, and ceremonies of the Church of England.
Its polemical arguments have satisfied many; its literary
merits have charined all. Its fame having reached Rome,
Cardinal Allen and Dr. Stapleton recommended it so
strongly to Clement VIII., that he wished to have it
translated into Latin, in which language Stapleton read
to him the 1st book, declaring that
"There is no learning that this man bath not searched into;
nothing too hard for his understanding. This man indeed de
serves the name of an author. His books will get reverence by
age; for there is in them such seeds of eternity, that, if the rest
be like this, they shall continue till the last fire shall devour all
learning."
James I. remarked to Archbishop Whitgift:
"They found him with a book in his hand, (it was the Odes of
Horace,) he being then, like humble and innocent Abel, tending
his small allotment of sheep in a common field; which he told
these gentlemen he was forced to do then. for that his servant was
gone home to dine and assist his wife to do some necessary house-
hold business. But when bis servant returned and released him,
his two pupils attended him unto his house, where their best en-
tertainment was his quiet company, which was presently denied
them; for Richard was called to rock the cradle: and the rest of
their welcome was so like this, that they staid but till next morn-
ing, which was time enough to discover and pity their tutor's con-
dition.... They were forced to leave him to the company of his
wife Joan, and seek themselves a quieter lodging for the next
night. But at their parting from him, Mr. Cranmer said, 'Good
Tutor, I am sorry your lot is fallen in no better ground as to your
parsonage; and more sorry your wife proves not a more comfort-
able companion, after you have wearied your thoughts in your
restless studies. To whom the good man replied, My dear George,
if saints have usually a double share in the miseries of this life.
I, that am none, ought not to repine at what my wise Creator bath
appointed for me; but labour (as indeed I do daily) to submit to
his will, and possess my soul iù patience and peace.'"-Wullm's
Life of Hooker.
↓
Here was a model husband indeed.
To this visit of his former pupils are we indebted for
that immortal production, The Laws of Ecclesiastical Po-
lity. Edwin Sandys urged his father, then Bishop of
London, to find a more comfortable post for his quondam
tutor. This led to his appointment, in 1585, after the
death of "Father Alvy," of Master of the Temple for life,
being then in his 33d or 34th year. Hooker was the morn-
ing lecturer, and Mr. Travers held forth in the afternoon.
The latter gentleman followed the views of Cartwright,
the Puritan, and inclined to the Presbyterian side in dis
cipline. This contrariety of sentiment led to an amicable
controversy between the lecturers, who seem to have en-
tertained for each other all due respect. Thus, it was
observed, "the forenoon sermon spoke Canterbury, and
the afternoon Geneva." Archbishop Whitgift prohibited
the lectures of. Mr. Travers. Travers appealed to the
queen, but in vain; he then published his memorial,
which was answered by Hooker. This answer may be
considered the germ of his great work, Of the Laws of
Ecclesiastical Polity. He commenced his work in the
Temple; but, finding less distraction requisite, he solicited
the archbishop to permit him to retire to some more quiet
post. Accordingly, that prelate presented him, in 1591,
to the rectory of Boscombe, in Wiltshire, and to the pre-
bend of Nether-Haven in the Cathedral of Salisbury, of
which he was also made sub-dean. Four books of his
work were finished at Boscombe, and printed in 1593, fol.;
again, 1594, fol. In 1595 Queen Elizabeth presented him
to the rectory of Bishopsbourne, in Kent, where he lived
the rest of his days. Whilst sailing between London and
Gravesend, he caught a cold which carried him off at the
early age of forty-seven. He died the death of the right-
eous, and to his triumphant soul "the doors of Heaven
seemed to open so wide" that he was enabled to catch a
view of that ineffable glory which surrounds the throne
of "the High and Lofty One who inhabiteth Eternity."
Happy are they who have the good report of the members
of their own household and of their intimate associates ;
for they have the best opportunity of knowing our faults
and detecting all of our infirmities. Our excellent author
does not lack this weighty attestation:
"My master, Hooker, was a good man and a good scholar.”
So testifies his parish clerk.
The 5th Book of his Ecclesiastical Polity was published
in 1597, fol.; 1632, fol.; the 7th in 1617, (according to
Biog. Brit.,) and the 6th and Sth (the conclusion) in 1648.
4to. The eight books, with a few sermons and tracts, pub-
lished separately in 1612-13, and a Life of Hooker, were
pub. in Dr. Gauden's edition of his works, Lon., 1662, fol.;
2d ed., 1666, fol., with Life, by Walton. It is contended,
It is contended,
indeed, that "all the eight books, with certain tractates and
sermons, together with the author's life, were published in
two vols. in fol., 1617." See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.,
"I have received more satisfaction in reading a leaf or para-
graph in Mr. Hooker, though it were but about the fashion of
sacraments, than I have had in reading large treatises written
churches, or church music, or the like, but especially of the
but of one of those subjects by others, though very learned
men."
Charles I. commended the five books then extant of the Polity
to his dear children as an excellent means to satisfie private
scruples, and settle the publique peace of the Church and King-
dom."
Our learned author seems to have a right by long use
to the title of "The Judicious Hooker."
"The adamantine and imperishable work of Ilooker is his
Ecclesiastical Polity. Bishop Lowth. in the preface to his English
Grammar, has bestowed the highest praise upon the purity of
looker's style. Bishop Warburton, in his book on the Alliance
between the Church and State, often quotes him, and calls him
""
'the excellent, the admirable, the best good man of our order.'
-DR. PARR.
"Of the illustrious Hooker-whose memory is embalmed in the
beautiful biography of him by 1saae Walton-it is sufficient to
say, that his Ecclesiastical Polity is, of all works of that descrip-
tion, one of the most masterly and convincing. Never was logic
more successfully employed to combat error and establish truth;
and the vein of common sense, as well as of spiritual comfort,
which pervades the pages of that work, will render it. to the latest
posterity, a popular as well as instructive performance.”—DR.
DIBDIN: Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, '55, '56.
The following is no small eulogy:
"Should the English constitution in Church and State be un-
happily ruined by some convulsion of extraordinary times, this
book alone probably contains materials suflicient for repairing
aud rebuilding the shattered fabric."
··
"He was an able champion for the ecclesiastical hierarchy. Ilis
work displays immense learning, reflection, and eloquence, and is
still referred to as a great authority upon the whole range of
moral and political principles. . . . The Ecclesiastical Polity has
furnished, for nearly 200 years, an invaluable defence of the clergy
to studious men; but we want, says the Rev. E. Bickersteth, a
popular work of the like sound. judicious, and evangelical cha
racter, for the establishment of the young, and laymen in gene
ral.... Keble's preface, like Walton's life, should precede every
subsequent edition. Hooker is universally distinguished for
long-drawn melody and mellifluence of language, and his works
must find a place in every well-chosen clerical library. His elo
quence has been deservedly praised; but the justice of the epithet
rather more questionable. Certainly there never was a more
Judicious, which his admirers have attached to his naine, is
thorough-going advocate of things established than he has shown
himself in the whole Fifth Book, forming more than a third part
of the entire Ecclesiastical Polity."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 380, 599.
Hooker was not permitted to occupy the field of controversy
alone. Bilson. Bancroft. Bridges, Cosins, and Dr. Adrian Saravia,
a German beneficed in England, appeared on the same side. Brad-
shaw defended the cause of the Puritans against Bilson, Fenner
C
879
HOO
HOO
against Bridges, Morrice against Cosins, and Beza against Saravia,
although the press was shut against them by law, and their books
could only by published by stealth.”—BOGUE.
The Ecclesiastical Polity of Hooker, who was superior to the
pedantry of the times. is worthy of the present age for its liberal
And manly sentiment."-Comparisons of the Lit. of the Present Age
with that of the Reigns of Eliz. and Anne, by Rev. R. Polwhele.
See Goodhugh's Lib. Man., 165.
His works manifest great vigour of thought, eloquence of ex-
pression. soundness of judgment, and decidedly evangelical seuti-
ment: his Ecclesiastical Polity is one of the bulwarks of the Esta-
blish d Church of England."-BICKERSTETH: Christian Student.
"For a defence of the Church of England against the Sectaries.
it will suffice instar omnium, to study Hooker's Ecclesiastical
Politie, a work bearing all the marks of immortality, as destined
to excite the admiration of men while good letters remain amongst
then."-Bishop Warburton's Directions to his Student.
"The Ecclesiastical Polity is the principal work of this able and
venerable mau. and perhaps the best defence of the Church of
England ever published. Those who dissent from his doctrine of
church order may. nevertheless, read this remarkable production
with great advantage, because of the dignity and force of the lan-
guage in which it is written, the author's meekness in contro-
versy, and the very just and impressive views of revealed truth
which he has often introduced."-Dr. E. Williams's Christian
Preacher.
Amply as Hooker enriched his native tongue, he frequently
presents the cumbrous gait and the rough aspect of a pioneer.
Taylor surpasses him in all the charms of imagination; Hall, in
the sweetness and colour of his thoughts; Barrow, in the illumina-
tion of his argument. But Hooker excelled them all in muscular
vigour. We turn to his works, as to some mighty bulwark
against infidelity, impregnable to the assaults of successive gene-
rations."-WILLMOTT.
For other comparisons of Hooker to Taylor, Barrow,
&c., see BARROW, ISAAC, D.D.; TAYLOR, JEREMY, D.D.
Referring to Hooker's theological sentiments, Mr. Ma-
caulay remarks:
**
..
•
•
The school of divinity of which Hooker was the chief occupies
a middle place between the school of Cranmer and the school of
Laud; and Hooker has in modern times been claimed by the
Arminians as an ally."-History of England, vol. i., 18-19.
Dr. Drake remarks of Hooker's composition:
"Though the words, for the most part, are well chosen and
pure, the arrangement of them into sentences is intricate and
harsh, and formed almost exclusively on the idiom and construc-
tion of the Latin. Much strength and vigour are derived from
this adoption, but perspicuity, sweetness, and ease, are too gene-
rally sacrificed. There is, notwithstanding these usual features
of his composition, an occasional simplicity in his pages, both of
style and sentiment, which truly charms."-Essays Illustrative of
the Tuller, dc., vol. i. 10.
Mr. Beloe complains that
"Neither Walton in his Life of Hooker, nor Bishop Gauden,
nor many others that give an account of Hooker and his writings,
make mention of the particular books or tracts which gave occa-
sion to his writing the Ecclesiastical Polity."
Mr. Beloe proceeds to supply this omission in Anec-
dotes of Literature and Scarce Books, vol. i. p. 21.
|
of fourscore years-to see the abundant fruits of his
labours, and receive the grateful benedictions of many
whom he has guided to intellectual elevation and stimu-
lated to the acquisition of mental riches of priceless
worth. Of the author of the Ecclesiastical Polity, Mr.
Hallam does not scruple to declare:
Mr. Hallam's authority is, in all cases, one of the most
weighty which can be adduced:
"The finest as well as the most philosophical writer of the
Elizabethan period is Hooker. The first book of the Ecclesiastical
Polity is at this day one of the master-pieces of English eloquence.
His periods, indeed, are generally much too long and too intricate,
but portions of them are often beautifully rhythmical; his lan-
guage is rich in English idiom without vulgarity, and in words
of a Latin source without pedantry; he is more uniformly solemn
than the usage of later times permits, or even than writers of that
time, such as Bacon, conversant with mankind as well as books,
would have reckoned necessary; but the example of ancient
orators and philosophers, upon themes so grave as those which
he discusses, may justify the serious dignity from which he does
not depart. Hooker is perhaps the first of such in England who
adorned his prose with the images of poetry; but this he has done
more judiciously and with more moderation than others of great
name; and we must be bigots in Attic severity. before we can
object to some of his grand figures of speech. We may praise
him also for avoiding the superfluous luxury of quotations:-a
rock on which the writers of the succeeding age were so frequently
wrecked.”—Introduc. to Lit. of Europe; ed. 1854, vol. ii. 198.
"The Ecclesiastical Polity of Hooker is a monument of real
learning, in profane as well as theological antiquity."-Ibid., vol.
i. 518.
|
See also vol. i. 521, 522, 556; ii. 23-26, 48, 338, 505,
537; iii. 444, 445, 448. And see Hallam's Constit. Hist.
of Eng., ed. 1854, i. 214, 216, 217, 218, 220-227. See
also Disraeli's Amenities of Lit., and his Quarrels of Au-
thors; Talfourd's Essays; Dugald Stewart's Prelim.
Dissert. to Encyc. Brit.; Sir Jas. Mackintosh's Works,
1854, i. 351; T. B. Macaulay's Essays, 1854, ii. 316.
After such a cloud of witnesses to the merits of this
eminent writer, we trust that it is unnecessary for us to
urge our readers-young and old-to devote at least a
portion of their days and nights to the pages of Hooker.
And, that they may be persuaded so to do, we shall gratify
them with a few more eloquent lines of glowing eulogy
from the same distinguished scholar who has opened the
paths of learning to so many of the past and present
generation, and who still remains-now on the verge
880
"He not only opened the mine, but explored the depths, of our
native eloquence. So stately and graceful is the march of his
periods, so various the fall of his musical cadences upon the ear,
so rich in images, so condensed in sentences. so grave and noble
his diction, so little is there of vulgarity in his racy idiom, of
pedantry in his learned phrase, that I know not whether any
later writer has more admirably displayed the capacities of our
language, or produced passages more worthy of comparison with
the splendid monuments of antiquity. If we compare the first
book of the Ecclesiastical Polity with what bears perhaps most
resemblance to it of any thing extant, the treatise of Cicero de
imperfection of our language,-which, with all its force and dig
Legibus, it will appear somewhat perhaps inferior, through the
nity, does not equal the Latin in either of those qualities,-and
certainly more tedious and diffuse in some of its reasonings; but
by no means less high-toned in sentiment or less bright in fancy,
and far more comprehensive and profound in the foundations of
its philosophy.”—Constit. Hist. of Eng., ed. 1854, i. 215.
Hooker, Richard. Weekly Miscellany, 1736-38, 2
vols. Svo.
Hooker, Thomas, 1586-1647, "The Renowned Pas-
tor of Hartford Church, and Pillar of Connecticut Colony,"
a native of Marfield, Leicestershire, educated at and Fel-
low of Emanuel College, Cambridge, took holy orders and
preached for some time in London. In 1626 he became
assistant to a clergyman at Chelmsford, and officiated with
great reputation until silenced for Non-conformity by Laud,
then Bishop of London. He subsequently went to Hol-
land, where he preached for two or three years at Delft,
Amsterdam, and Rotterdam, and in 1633 emigrated to
Boston, New England, in company with John Cotton and
Samuel Stone. In October of the same year he assumed
the charge of the congregation at New-Town, now Cam-
bridge, Mass., Mr. Stone acting as his assistant. In June,
1636, in company with Mr. Stone and about one hundred
other persons, he removed to "a fertile spot on the banks
of the Connecticut," which they called Hartford,-the name
by which it is still known,-in honour of Mr. Stone, who
tion, Hooker was distinguished by the same unquenchable
was a native of Hartford, in England. In his new loca-
zeal, untiring energy, and fiery eloquence, which were his
characteristics from early youth, and no name had more
influence in the churches of New England. He was car-
ried off by an epidemical fever, July 7, 1647, aged 61.
John Higginson transcribed from his MSS. about 200 ser-
mons, and sent them to England, and about half of them.
were pub. A number of his theological treatises were pub.
before his death, and some were posthumous. Among the
best-known of his works are-A Survey of the Sum of
Church Discipline, The Soul's Implantation, The Applica-
tion of Redemption, and the Poor Doubting Christian
drawn to Christ.
1. Tracts and Serms., Lon., 1638. 2. The Soul's Prepa-
ration for Christ; or, a Treatise of Contrition, on Acts ii.
37, 1637, 12mo; 1643. 3. The Soul's Vocation; or, Effec-
tual Calling to Christ, 1637, 38, 4to. 4. The Soul's Im-
plantation into Christ, 1637. 5. Four Treatises,-viz.: The
Carnal Hypocrite; Churches Deliverance; Deceitfulness
of Sin; and the Benefit of Afflictions, 1638, 8vo. 6. The
Soul's Possession of Christ, with a Serm. on 2 Kings xi.
12, 1638, 8vo. 7. The Poore Doubting Christian drawne
to Christ, 1638, 18mo. 8. Of Self-Denial and Self-Trial,
on Matt. xvi. 24, 2 Cor. xiii. 5, and John i. 12, 13,
Soul's Humiliation, on Luke xiv. 15, &c., 1640.
1640. 9. The Pattern of Perfection, 1640, 8vo. 10. The
11. Surm.
on Deut. xxix. 24, 25, 1644, 4to. 12. Expos. of the Lord's
Prayer, 1645, 4to. 13. The Saint's Guide; in three Trea-
Discipline, by Thomas Hooker and John Cotton, 1648, 4to.
tises, 1645, 8vo. 14. A Survey of the Summe of Church
Pub. under the supervision of Dr. Thomas Goodwin, of
London, and highly commended by him. See his Address
prefixed. 15. The Covenant of Grace Opened; in several
Serms., 1649, 4to.
several Serms., 1651.
16. The Saint's Dignity and Duty; in
17. The Spiritual Rule of the Lord's
Kingdom. 18. The Application of Redemption, 1656; 2d
ed., 1659.
The death of the excellent Hooker was lamented as a
public loss, and his virtues were celebrated--if not in as
many languages as those which chanted the praises of
Louis le Grand-in majestic Latin and pathetic Saxon.
John Cotton, Elijah Corlet, Ezekiel Rogers, Peter Bulkley,
and Edward Johnson, were among those who vied in epi-
cedian strains over the lamented dead. The first-named
honoured his departed friend both in prose and verse;-in
HOO
HOO
he former telling us that Hooker "Agmen ducere et
dominari in Concionibus, gratia Spiritus Sancti et virtute
plenis" and that he was "Vir Solertis et Acerrimi ju.
dicii ;" and in the latter expressing himself in the follow-
ing rather homely stanzas:
"Twas of Geneva's heroes said with wonder,
(Those worthies three,) Farel was wont to thunder,
Viret like rain on tender grass to show'r,
But Calvin lively oracles to pour.
All these in HOOKER's spirit did remain,
A son of thunder and a show'r of rain;
A pourer-forth of lively oracles,
In saving souls, the sum of miracles."
Hooker, Sir William Jackson, K.H., D.C.L., Di-
rector of the Royal Gardens of Kew, formerly Professor
of Botany in the University of Glasgow, has perhaps con-
tributed as much to the diffusion of his favourite science as
any other living writer. 1. Journal of a Tour in Iceland
in 1809, Yarmouth, 1811, 8vo; 2d ed., Lon., 1813, Svo;
and see Hooker's Icelandic Flora, in Sir Geo. S. Macken-
zie's Travels in Iceland in 1810, Edin., 1812, 4to.
"The travels of this author, Mackenzie, and Henderson, would
seem to leave nothing to be desired on the subject of this extra-
ordinary island and its inhabitants.”—Stevenson's Voyages and
Travels.
work of the highest authority. 21. Notes on Botany of
the Antarctic Voyage conducted by Capt. Sir J. C. Rose,
1843, 8vo. 22. Species Filicum, 1846-53, in 8vo Pts.; Pt.
6 pub. in Jan. 1853. 23. Guide to Kew Gardens, 1847,
12mo; 1848, 12mo.
"Tis that Hooker, of whom I may venture to say that the fa-
mous Romanist who wrote a book, De Tribus Thomas; or, of Three
Thomas's-meaning Thomas the Apostle, Thomas Becket, and
Sir Thomas More,-did not a thousandth part so well sort his
Thomas's. as a New Englander might if he should write a book,
De Duobis Thomas; or, Of Two Thomas's, and with Thomas the
Apostle joyn our celebrious Thomas Hooker: my one Thomas,
even our apostolical Hooker, would in just balances weigh down
two of Stapleton's rebellious Archbishops or bigoted Lord-Chan-
cellors. "Tis he whom I may call, as Theodoret called Irenæus,
"The light of the Western Churches.'"- MATHER: Magnalia, ed.
1855, i. 333: The Life of Mr. Thomas Hooker.
|
See also Trumbull's Connecticut; Mass. Hist. Collec.,
vii. 38-41.
Although many works have been devoted to the illustration
and description of the Victoria Regia, it seemed still to want one
which, whilst it gave an accurate botanical description of the
plant, should at the same time show the natural size of its
engraver.
Hooker, William, draughtsman and
1. Paradisus Londinensis; with Descrip. by R. A. Salis-gigantic flowers. This object has been aimed at by the combined
labours of Sir W. Hooker and Mr. Fitch, and with distinguished
bury, 1805–06, 4to. 2. Pomona Londinensis, 1813, 4to,
success. The illustrations are every thing that could be desired
2 Nos. fol. 3. Con. to Trans. Hortic. Soc., 1817.
in the shape of botanic drawings. They are accurate, and they
are beautiful."-Lom. Athenæum.
"Nothing can be more interesting to a man of science than the
plants represented in these volumes; nothing can be in better
taste or more faithful than the figures; and it is difficult to con-
ceive how any thing can be cheaper.”—Lon. Athenæum.
"A more acceptable publication could hardly have been issued.
The guide, descriptions, cuts, and plan of the gardens, are replete
with information, and are all that visitors could wish."-Lon. Lit.
Gazette.
19. Genera of Ferns, 1838-42, 12 Pts. imp. Svo. The
illustrations are by the eminent botanical draughtsman,
Francis Bauer. 20. William Woodville, M.D.'s, Medical
Botany; 3d edit., 1832, 4 vols. 4to. Supp. vol., being the
5th, entirely by Sir W. J. Hooker, to complete the old edits.,
1838, 4to. No one connected with the " Healing Art"
should be without Woodville's Medical Botany. It is a
24. Century of Orchidaceous Plants; with an Introduc-
tion by John C. Lyons, 1848, 8vo, £5 58.
..
In the exquisite illustrations to this splendid volume full jus
tice has been rendered to the oddly-formed and often brilliantly-
coloured flowers of this curious and interesting tribe of plants."-
Westminster and Forrign Quarterly Review.
The work is enriched with a prefatory memoir by Mr. Lyons,
full of sound judgment and experience, on the most approved
method of growing Orchids.”—Lan. Lit. Gazelle.
25. Journal of Botany and Kew Gardens Miscellany,
1849–54, vols. i.-v. r. Švo. 26. British Flora; 6th ed.,
1850, 12mo; 7th ed., in conjunction with G. A. W. Arnott,
1855, 12mo. 27. The Victoria Regia, illustrated by W.
Fitch, 1851, elephant fol.
·
··
25. Century of Ferns, 1854, r. 8vo. 29. The Rhodo-
dendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya; edited by Sir W. J. H.
See HOOKER, JOSEPH DALTON, M.D., R.N. No. 3.
30. Curtis's Botanical Magazine: Sir W. J. H., co-editor.
See CURTIS, SAMUEL; CURTIS, WILLIAM. Sir W. J. H.
has also contributed papers to the Annals of Natural His-
tory, (associate contributors, Sir W. Jardine, P. J. Selby,
Dr. Johnston, and R. Taylor,) a monthly magazine of
Zoology, Botany, and Geology, commenced in 1838, pub.
in London at 30%. per annum.
He has also been a con-
tributor to Trans. Linn. Soc., &c.
"In regard to Iceland, I trust that I am equally satisfying my
own conscience, and the good taste of the public, if I give an un-
qualified recommendation of the recent works upon this country
by Sir George Mackenzie and Dr. Hooker: gentlemen competent,
in every respect, to the successful execution of the tasks which
they undertook.”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
Hooker, Worthington, M.D., b. 1806, in Spring-
field, Mass., grad. Yale Coll, 1825. Professor in Yale Col.
lege. 1. Physician and Patient, New York, 12mo.
A valuable addition to our medical literature."-Medical Exa
miner, Philadelphia.
2. Monograph of the British Jungermanniæ, Lon., 1813,
4to. 3. British Jungermanniæ, 1816, r. 4to. New ed.,
1846, 4to. 4. Muscologia Britannica, 1818, Svo; 1827, Svo;
in conjunction with T. Taylor, M.D. New ed. of Hooker's
British Mosses, enlarged by Wilson, 1855, Svo. 5. Musci
Exotici, 1818, 2 vols. Svo; large paper, 2 vols. 4to. 6.
Flora Scotica, 1821, Svo. 7. Botanical Illustrations, 1822,
4to. 8. The Exotic Flora, Edin., 1823–27, 3 vols. r. Svo.
“The Exotic Flora by Dr. Hooker is, like that of all the Botanical
publications of the indefatigable author, excellent; and it assumes
an appearance of finish and perfection to which neither the Bo-
tanical Magazine nor Register can externally lay claim."-Lotbox.
2. The Medical Profession and the Community, 12mo.
3. Lessons from the Hist. of Medical Delusions. 12mo. A
prize Essay. 4. Homoeopathy: an Exam. of its Doctrines
and Evidences, 1852, 12mo. A prize Essay. 5. First Book
in Physiology. 6. Human Physiology; for Colleges and
Schools. 1854, 12mo. Used extensively in seminaries. 7.
The Child's Book of Nature, 1857, sm. 4to. S. Rational
Therapeutics, 1857, 12mo. A prize Essay. 9. Child's Book
of Common Things, 1858. 12mo.
Hookes, Elias. The Spirit of the Martyrs Revived,
sine anno, sed circa 1664, fol. Another ed., Lon., 1719,
Svo.
Hookes, N., of Trin. Coll., Camb. Amanda a Sa-
of a Loving Heart to a Sweet-Heart, Lon., 1658, Svo.
Very rare. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 373, £4 108. See Shield's
Introduction to Harmony.
Hookham. The Modern Husband; a Nov., Lon.,
1769, 2 vols. 12mo.
|
Hoole, Mrs. See HOFLAND, MRS. THOMAS CHRISTO-
PHER.
9. Plates of Ferns, fol. 10. Botanical Illustrations, ob.
4to.
11. Supp. to Sir James Edward Smith, M.D.'s, Eng-crifice to an Unknown Goddesse, or a Free-will Offering
lish Flora, being vol. v., 1828, 8vo; Pt. 1, by Sir W. J. H.;
Pt. 2, by Sir W. J. H. and Rev. J. M. Berkeley; also, Com-
pendium to the English Flora, new ed., by Sir W. J. H.,
12mo. New ed. of Smith's Introduction to Physiological
and Systematical Botany, by Sir W. J. H., 1836, Svo.
12. Flora Boreali-Americana, 1829-40, 12 Pts., 2 vols. r.
4to, £S Ss. This valuable work is compiled principally
from the plants collected by Dr. Richardson and Mr. Drum-
mond during the Northern Expeditions under the command
of Sir John Franklin. The collections of Mr. Douglas
and other naturalists have also been laid under contribu-
tion. 13. Icones Filicum: Figures of Ferns. See GRE-
VILLE, ROBERT KAYE, No. 4. 14. Botanical Miscellany,
1830-33, 3 vols. r. Svo. 15. Botany of Capt. Beechey's
Voyage, 1831-41, 4to; in conjunction with G. A. W. Ár- |
gott. 16. London Journal of Botany; 2d Ser., 1834-42,
4 vols. Svo; 3d Ser., 1842–51, 7 vols. Svo. 17. Flora Lon-don, was for nearly 40 years-1744-83-a clerk in the East
dinensis. See CURTIS, WILLIAM, No. 3. IS. Icones Plan- India House. 1. Trans. of Dante's Tasso's Jerusalem De-
tarum, 1837-40, 4 vols. Svo. New Series, vols. i.-vi.; Pts. livered, Lon., 1763, 2 vols. 8vo. We have already noticed
1 and 2 of vol. vi. issued in 1854.
this translation in our life of FAIRFAX, Edward, q. v.
Hoole, Charles, 1610–1666, an eminent schoolmas-
ter, subsequently rector of Stock, in Essex, was a native
of Wakefield, Yorkshire, and educated at Lincoln College,
Oxford. He pub. several Latin Grammars, and other
educational works, 1649-1702. See Athen. Oxon.
Hoole, Elijah, a Wesleyan Missionary. 1. Madras,
Mysore, and the South of India, 1820-28; 2d ed., Lon.,
1844, 12mo.
1844, 12mo. 2. Year-Book, 1847, Svo.
Hoole, John, 1727–1803, a native of Moorfields, Lon-
"Among the valuable acquisitions I made about this time [of
leaving the High School] was an acquaintance with Tasso's Jeru-
salem, through the flat medium of Mr. Hoole's translation."-Sir
Walter Scoll's Autobiography.
·
"The reader will observe in the foregoing specimens of Ioole
how a bad translator takes refuge from the real feelings of his
leave of his-author, it is for want of-strength to accompany him;
author in vagueness and cant phrases. . . . When Mr. Hoole takes
when Fairfax does it. it is to lead you into some beautiful corner
of his fancy."-LEIGH HUNT: Critique on Fairfax's Tusso.
2. Dramas of Metastasio, 1767, 2 vols. 12mo. Enlarged
ed., 3 vols. Svo. 3. Cyrus; a Tragedy, 1768, Svo. Founded
56
881
HOO
HOP
•
on the Il Ciro Rioconoscinto of Metastasio. 4. Timanthes;
a Tragedy, 1770, Svo. 5. Trans. of Ariosto's Orlando
Furioso, with Notes, 1773-83, 5 vols. Svo; 1807, 6 vols.
12mo. Abridged ed., 1791, 2 vols. 8vo.
That vile version of Hoole's. . . . The flat couplets of a
... The flat couplets of a
rhymester like Ioole."-ROBERT SOUTHEY: Life and Corresp.
-Robert SouthEY:
Mr. Roscoe says of Ariosto, "In the Orlando we admire
the poet, but in the Satires we love the man!” 6. Cleonia;
a Tragedy. 7. Trans. of Tasso's Rinaldo; a Poem, 1792,
8vo. 8. Critical Essays of John Scott, of Amwell; with
his Life, by J. Hoole, 1785, Svo. Dr. Johnson-with
whom our author was intimate-valued Hoole's abilities
much more highly than they deserved: see FAIRFAX,
EDWARD. Modern crities, as we have seen, have deducted
largely from the estimate of the great lexicographer:
"Mr. Hoole, the translator of Tasso and Ariosto. and in that
capacity a noble transmuter of gold into lead. . . . He did exactly
so many couplets day by day, neither more nor less; and habit
had made it light to him, however heavy it might seem to the
reader."-SIR WALTER SCOTT: Diary, June 4, 1826.
►
Ben Jonson was a great man, Hoole a very small man. But
Hoole, coming after Pope, had learned how to manufacture deca-
syllable verses, and poured them forth by thousands and teus of
thousands, all as well-timed, as smooth, and as like each other, as
the blocks which have passed through Mr. Brunel's mill in the
dock-yard at Portsmouth. Ben's heroic couplets resemble blocks
rudely hewn out by an unpractised hand with a blunt batchet.
Take as a specimen his translation of a celebrated passage in the
Æneid:
..
·
•
...
|
This child our parent earth. stirred up with spite.
Compare with these jagged misshapen distichs the neat fabric
which Hoole's machine produces in unlimited abundance. We
take the first lines on which we open in his version of Tasso.
They are neither better nor worse than the rest.”—T. B.MACAULAY :
Edin. Rev., July, 1843; and his Collected Essays, Lon., 1854, iii. 365.
See Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Boswell's Life of Johnson;
European Mag., 1792; Gent. Mag., vol. lxxiii.
Hoole, Joseph, Rector of St. Anne's, Manchester.
1. Admonition to Churchwardens, Lon., 1727, 12mo. 2.
Guide to Communicants, 1739, 12mo. 3. Serms. on seve-
ral Important Subjects, 1748, 2 vols. 8vo.
Hoole, Samuel, minister of Poplar, &c., son of John
Hoole, (ante.) 1. Modern Manners; a Poem, 1781, Svo.
2. Aurelia; a Poem, 1783, 4to. 3. Serms., 1786, Svo. 4,
Edward; a Poem, 1787, 4to. 5. Miscell. Poems, 1790,
2 vols. Svo. 6. Trans. of the Select Works of A. Van
Leuwenhoeck, from the Dutch and Latin, 1798-1810,
2 vols. 4to. 7. Serm., 1804, Svo.
Hooper, Edward James, b. 1803, in England,
settled in the United States in 1830, is the author of a
Dictionary of Agriculture, Cincin, 1842, edited for several
years the Western Farmer and Gardener, and has been
for upwards of twenty years a constant contributor to
agricultural journals.
Hooper, George, D.D., 1640-1727, a native of
Grimley, Worcestershire, was educated at St. Paul's and
Westminster schools, elected to Christ Church College, |
Oxford, 1657; Rector of Lambeth, 1675; Dean of Canter-
bury, 1691; Bishop of St. Asaph's, 1703; trans. to Bath
and Wells, 1704. He pub. a work on Ancient Measures,
Lon. 1721, Svo, anon.; and a number of serms. and
theolog. treatises, 1681-1713. A collective ed. of his
works was pub. at Oxford, 1757, fol., by Dr. Hunt, the
Professor of Hebrew.
"He was the best scholar, the finest gentleman, and would
make the completest bishop, that ever was educated at Westmin-
ster school.”—DR. BUSBY.
See Todd's Lives of the Deans of Canterbury; Genl.
Dict.; Burnet's Own Times; Athen. Oxon.; Nichols's
Atterbury; Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Gent. Mag., vols. xvii.
and lxii.
Hooper, J. 1. Serm., Lon., 1819, Svo. 2. Serms. to
Young People, 1821, 12mo.
6
Worthy to become a standing work for the instruction of suc-
ceeding generations."-Lon. Congreg. Mug.
Hooper, Ja. The Hist. of the Rebellion and Civil
Wars during the reign of Charles I., Lon., 1738, fol. Not
esteemed.
near his own cathedral, on the 9th of the February on-
suing. Ile was the author of many theological treatises,
expositions, and serms., for an account of which, see
Fox's Martyrs; Burnet's Hist. of the Reformation;
Strype's Cranmer; Fathers of the English Church, vol.
v.; British Reformers, vol. iv. Tracts of Ang. Fathers,
vol. ii.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Wordsworth's Eccles. Biog.
The reader must procure the following collections of the
writings of this excellent man :
Early Writings, edited, with Biographical Notice, Index,
&c., by S. Carr, Camb., (Univ. Press.) 1843, Svo. Contents:
A Declaration of Christ and his Office; Answer to Bishop
Gardiner; a Declaration of the X. Commandments; Ser-
mons upon the Prophet Jonas; and Funeral Sermon on
Rev. xiv. 13.
Hooper, James, M.D. Medical treatises, Lon.,
1778, '92.
Hooper, John, the Reformer and Martyr, 1495-
1554, a native of Somersetshire, educated at Merton Col-
lege, Oxford, was for some time one of the Cistercians, or
White Monks, but subsequently embraced the principles
of the Reformation. In 1539 he fled to Zurich, and re-
mained abroad until the accession of Edward VI. In 1550
he was consecrated Bishop of Gloucester, and about two
7ears later he had the bishopric of Worcester given to
him, in commendam. On the accession of Mary, July,
1553, he was a prominent mark for the persecutors; and,
refusing to recant, he was burnt in the city of Gloucester,
Later Writings, together with his Letters and other
Pieces, edited, with Biographical Notice, Index, &c., by
C. Nevinson, Camb., (Univ. Press,) 1852, Svo. Contents:
-A Lesson of the Incarnation of Christ; Confession of
Faith; Annotations on Romans xiii.; Copy of Visitation
Book; Expositions of Psalms xxiii., lxii., lxxiii., and
lxxvii.; Treatise respecting Judge Hales; Epistola nd
Episcopos, &c.; Appellatio ad Parliamentum; Hyperapis-
mus de vera Doctrina et Usa Cœnæ Domini, &c.
A new ed. of Bishop Hooper's Works, pub. by J. H..
Parker, Oxford, 1855, 2 vols. 8vo.
A number of Bishop Hooper's works have been repub.
separately within the last few years.
"Life is sweet and death bitter." said Sir Anthony Kingston to
Bishop Hooper at the stake. True, friend." replied Hooper; "but
the death to come is more bitter, and the life to come more sweet."
Hooper, John. Early Piety Displayed, 1813, Svo.
Hooper, Rev. John. Theolog. treatises, 1829–31.
Hooper, Johnson J. 1. Adventures of Capt. Simon
Suggs, Phila., 12mo. 2. Widow Rugby's Husband, and
other Tales of Alabama, 1851, 12mo.
•
1
|
Hooper, Joseph. Medical treatises, 1782-89.
Hooper, Lucy, 1816-1841, a native of Newburyport,
Massachusetts, removed in her 15th year to Brooklyn,
Long Island, where she resided until her death. In early
life she contributed many poetical essays to the Long
Island Star, and the New Yorker, a daily paper; and in
1840 pub. a vol. of prose sketches, entitled Scenes from
Real Life. She also gave to the world at the same time.
An Essay on Domestic Happiness. During her last illness
she was preparing for publication a work entitled The
Poetry of Flowers, which appeared shortly after her de-
cease. In 1842 Mr. John Keese edited a collection of her
Literary Remains, prefaced by a Memoir; and an enlarged
edit. of her Poetical Works was pub. in 1848. Specimens
of the poetry of this accomplished lady are given in Gris-
wold's Female Poets of America, where the reader will
find eloquent tributes to the memory of Miss Hooper from
John G. Whittier, Henry T. Tuckerman, and Dr. John W.
Francis. See also Democratic Review, xi. 90.
Hooper, Robert, M.D., an eminent medical writer,
pub. several professional works, among which are—1. The
Anatomist's Vade-Mecum, Lon., 1797, Svo; 5th ed., 1804,
12mo. Since reprinted. 2. On Plants, Oxf., 1797, 8vo;
Lon., 1798, 8vo.
Lon., 1798, 8vo. 3. Medical Dictionary, 1798, 12mo; th
ed. See GRANT, KLEIN, M.D. 16th Amer. ed., with ad-
dits. by Samuel Akerly, M.D., Svo, N. York.
4. Epi-
demical Diseases, Lon., 1803, 8vo. 5. Physician's Vade-
Mecum, Lon., 1809, 12mo. New eds., by Dr. Guy, 1846,
12mo; 1851, 12mo; (4th ed.,) 1853, 12ino. N. York, with
addits. by John Stewart, M.D., 8vo. 6. Exam. in Ana-
tomy, Physiology, &c., 1810, '14, 12mo. Since reprinted.
7. Morbid Anatomy of the Brain, r. 4to. 8. Of the Uterus,
r. 4to. 9. Surgeon's Vade-Mecum. See DUNGLISON, ROB-
And
LEY, M.D., LL.D., No. 4 of Works edited by him.
see Lon. Mem. Med., 1799.
Hooper, Wm., d. 1767, a minister in Boston, Mass.,
pub. The Apostles neither Impostors nor Enthusiasts,
1742; and a Funl. Serm., 1763.
Hooper, Wm., M.D., trans. a number of works from
the French and German, Lon., 1768-77, and wrote Rational
Recreations in Numbers and Natural Philosophy, 1774,
'87, '94; each ed. in 4 vols. 8vo.
Hooson, Wm. The Miner's Dictionary, Wrexham,
1747, Svo. Criticized in a Letter by D. W. Linden, Chester,
1747, 8vo.
Hope, Mrs. Self-Education, and the Formation of
Character; 2d ed., Lon., 1846, 18mo.
"Mrs. Hope's work shows that she has studied the best writers
Parents and teachers will gain many useful hints from its perusal."
on education, and her views are decidedly in advance of the age.
Lom. Record.
Other works.
HOP
HOP
Hope, Lt. Col. Letter to the Volunteers, 1804.
Hope, C. Notes on the Subject of Hearing Counsel
In the Inner House, Edin., 1826, Svo.
Hope, I. Brittany and the Bible, Lon., 1852, sq.
Hope, Rev. F. W. Coleopterist's Manual: Pt. 1,
Lamellicorn Insects, 1837, 8vo; 1839, 8vo. Pt. 2, Prede-
ceous Beetles, 1838, 8vo; 1845, 8vo. Pt. 3, Various Bee-
tles, 1841, 8vo.
"The best and most complete example of systematic entomology
which we have ever seen.”—Lon. Lit. Gazette.
Hope, J. C., Lutheran pastor, S. Carolina, pub. a work
on Universalism.
Hope, Thomas, d. 1831, of the same family as Sir
Thomas Hope, (ante,) was one of the three brothers of this
name well known as wealthy merchants of Amsterdam.
The subject of our notice devoted a considerable time,
whilst still quite young, to extensive peregrinations in
various parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and, after retir-
ing from business, purchased two spacious mansions, one
in Duchess Street, London, and the other ("Deepdene")
in the vicinity of Dorking. Thus permanently settled in
England, Mr. Hope soon rendered his residences famous as
choice galleries of the finest specimens of art. The reader
will find an account of Mr. Hope's town-mansion in Britton
and Pugin's Public Buildings of London, and in West-
macott's Account of the British Galleries of Painting and
Sculpture. For a description of "Deepdene," see Aubrey's
Perambulation of the County of Surrey; Neale's Seats of
Noblemen and Gentlemen; and Prosser's Views in Surrey.
The owner of all this magnificence died February 3, 1831,
leaving a personal property of £180,000. To give some
idea of the vast wealth of members of this family, we may
state that Henry Philip Hope, a brother of the subject of
this notice, left at his death, in 1840, a collection of dia-
pub-monds and other precious stones valued at £150,000, and
an income of £30,000 to each of his three nephews. A
younger member of this family has within the last few years
built a church and a missionary-institution iu London at a
cost of about £70,000.
Hope, James, M.D., Physician to St. George's Hos-
pital, London, has been already referred to in our article
on GRANT, KLEIN, M.D., to which, and authorities there
cited, we refer the reader. 1. Principles and Illustrations
of Morbid Anatomy, Lon., 1834, Svo; Phila., Svo.
The immense field from which Dr. Hope has the opportunity
of gleaning a rich harvest as physician to an institution where so
many sick and aged are assembled, produces fruits worthy of his
talents and industry.”—Lom. Med. and Surg. Jour.
2. Treatise on Diseases of the Heart and Great Vessels;
3d ed., 1839, 8vo; 4th ed., 1848, 12mo; Phila. edit., by C.
W. Pennock, 1846, 18mo. We quote a few lines from the
3d edit. :
"The addition of one-third of new matter to the present volume,
and the care with which the whole has been revised and corrected,
will, I trust. sufficiently prove my respect for the favourable opi-
nion of my professional brethren, as evinced, not in this country
only, but also on the European and American continents, by the
sale of no less than six or seven editions and translations in as
many years."-Extract from Preface.
"When his great work on Diseases of the Heart was first
lished, the whole profession united in commendation of its excel-
lence; and in the enlarged and improved form in which the author
was fortunately enabled to reproduce it in a third edition. it is now
universally acknowledged to be the best book on the subject in
any language.”—Brit, and For. Med. Rer.
"Dr. Hope has produced the best work on the diseases of the
heart that has yet emanated from the press."-Lon. Med. Gazelle.
Notice of the 4th edit.:
"The publisher has judged wisely in producing this new edition
in a form more convenient and less expensive than any of its pre-
decessors. The value of the book is increased by the addition of
some notes and cases left in MS. by the author, and directed by
him to be inserted in this edition. For our knowledge of diseases
of the heart, we are in no small degree indebted to the zealous
inquiries and pursuits of the lamented author."-Lon. Lancet.
See an interesting account of Dr. Hope's first experi-
ments on auscultation, at St. George's Hospital, in Ked-
die's Cyc. of Lit. and Scientific Anec., Lon. and Glasg.,
1854.
Hope, John, M.D., 1725-1786, educated at the Univ.
of Edinburgh, and at Paris, was in 1761 appointed King's
Botanist in Scotland, Superintendent of the Royal Garden,
and Professor of Botany and Materia Medica, and in 1786
was nominated Regius Professor of Botany in the Univ.
of Edinburgh. He pub. a Dissert. in Phil. Trans., 1769,
on the Rheum Palmatum, and another in Phil. Trans.,
1785, on the Ferula Assafoetida. At the time of his death
he left unfinished an extensive work on botany, which had
long engaged his anxious interest. See his Life, by D.
Duncan, Medical Commentaries, Dec. ii., vol. iii. The
shrub Hopea was so named by Linnæus in compliment to
Dr. Hope.
Hope, John. Letters on Certain Proceedings in
Parliament, 1769-70, Lon., 1772, Svo.
Hope, John. Thoughts in Prose and Verse, 1780,
Svo.
Hope, John. Letters on Credit, Lon., 1784, Svo.
"This publication is of very little value.”—McCulloch's Lit. of
"Hopius mira inventione pollebat, totque illi fundebat argu
mento it amplificatione tempus deesset; non ornabat, sed argue
bat, modo uniformi, sed sibi proprio. Nam cum argumentum ves
exceptionem protulisset. rationem addebat: et ubi dubia videba
tur, rationis rationem. Ita rhetorica non illi defuit, sed inutilis
apparuit.”—SIR GEORge Mackenzie: Character's Advocatorum.
Hope, Thomas, M.D. 1. Operation on the Eye;
Phil. Trans., 1744. 2. Daviel's Method of Couching, ibid.,
1751.
Polit. Econ., q. v.
Hope, John. Letter to the Lord-Chancellor on the
Claims of the Church of Scotland, Edin., 1839, Svo.
Hope, L. Essay on Consumption.
Hope, Sir Thomas, d. 1646, a Scotch lawyer, was
the son of Henry Hope, a merchant of Edinburgh, and
subsequently of Holland, where, as in England, the family
have been distinguished for two centuries. 1. Carmen
Seculare in Serenissimum Carolum I., Brit. Monarch. Edin.,
1626, 4to. 2. Psalmi Davidis et Canticum Solomonis, La-
tino Carmine redditum, MS. 3. Major Practicks. 4. Mi-
nor Practicks; or, a Treatise of the Scotch Law, &c., edited
by J. Spottiswood, 1726, 34, Svo. A valuable work. 5.
Decisions. 6. Paratitillo in universo Juris Corpore. 7. A
Genealogie of the Earls of Mar, MS. There are several
of his MSS. in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. The
Diary of his Public Correspondence, 1633-45, was pub. by
the Bannatyne Club, 1843, 4to. See Pinkerton's Scottish
Gallery; Wood's Account of the Parish of Cramond ;
Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scots-
men.
Mr. Hope's love of the fine arts, classical enthusiasm,
and exquisite perception of the beautiful in articles of
use as well as in the appliances of luxury, were developed
in several publications, which have deservedly given him
a high rank as an author. 1. A Letter addressed to F.
Annesley, Esq., on a Series of Designs for Downing Col-
lege, Cambridgeshire. See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1831. 2.
Household Furniture and Internal Decorations; executed
from Designs by the Author, Lon., 1807, r. fol., £5 5s.
This work
Large paper, atlas fol., £10 10s. Pp. 173.
Rev., x. 478–486.
was unmercifully handled by Lord Jeffrey in the Edin.
"If the salvation of Europe depended on Mr. Hope's eloquence,
he could not have exerted it with more earnestness and anima-
tion; and we are convinced that neither the restorers of learning
nor the reformers of religion ever spoke of their subject in terms
half so magnificent, nor of their own abilities with such studied
and graceful modesty, as this ingenious person has here done in
sideboards, and cradles."-LORD JEFFREY: ubi supra; and see
recommending to his countrymen a better form for their lamps,
Lon. Month. Rev., Iviii. 175-181.
But, notwithstanding the dread reviewer's wit, this work
led the way to a complete revolution in the upholstery
and interior decoration of houses:
"To Mr. Hope we are indebted in an eminent degree for the
classical and appropriate style which now generally characterizes
our furniture and domestic utensils."-Britton's Union of Paint
ing, Sculpture, and Architecture.
3. The Costume of the Ancients. Engravings princi-
pally by H. Moses, 1809, r. Svo; large paper, 4to; 2d ed.,
with about 300 plates, 1812, 2 vols. Svo, £2 28.; large
paper, 2 vols. r. 4to, £5 58. New ed., with about 340
tion of this expensive work, Mr. Hope sacrificed £1000
plates, 1841, 2 vols. r. Svo, £2 128. 6d. On the publica-
of the cost, in order to put the price at a low rate.
The substance of many expensive works, containing all that
may be necessary to give to artists, and even to dramatic per-
formers, and to others engaged in classical representations, an
idea of ancient costumes sufficiently ample to prevent their
offending in their performances by gross and obvious bluuders."
4. Designs of Modern Costumes, 1812, fol. Engravings
by H. Moses.
These works [Nos. 3 and 4] evinced a profound research into
and elegant."-Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1831; q. v. for an interest-
the works of antiquity, and a familiarity with all that is graceful
ing biography of Mr. Hope.
5. Anastasius, or Memoirs of a Modern Greek, written
at the Close of the Eighteenth Century, 1819, 3 vols. 8vo;
3d ed., 1820, 3 vols. Svo. Anon. Reprinted-Bentley's
Standard Novels, 5 and 52-1839, 2 vols. 12mo; again in
1849. This novel is of the school of Beckford and Byron ;
displaying a vivid imagination, remarkable powers of
graphic description, a cultivated classical taste, and a
minute accuracy in the accounts of Eastern climes and
Oriental manners. The author is, however, justly to be
blamed for the licentious tone so often obtruded on his
653
HOP
HOP
readers. As the work appeared anonymously, the author-
ship was for some time a matter of doubt. A writer in
Blackwood (x. 200-206, in Familiar Epistles to Christo-
pher North, Letter 11) ridiculed the idea of Hope's pro-
ducing such a work:
→Mr. Hope is a very respectable and decorous gentleman,-be
can write, with some endeavour, passably about chests of drawers,
paper-hangings, and cushions as soft as his own or any other
brains; but that he has either the courage or the power to compile
such a work as Anastasius, I utterly and entirely deny. . . . I
would call your attention to a few circumstances that. I conceive
you will allow, constitute strong proofs that Anastasius is the
production of Byron."
to pardon his writing such a book,—a book, as be said, excelling
all recent productions as much in wit and talent as in true pathos.
He added that he would have given his two most approved poems
to have been the author of Anastasius."- Countess of Blessington's
Conversations with Lord Byron.
At the time of his death Mr. Hope left two works in
MSS., which were subsequently given to the world, viz. :
6. An Essay on the Origin and Prospects of Man, 1831,
3 vols. Svo. This work affords a striking illustration of
the absurdities into which chimerical speculations and the
vagaries of an unbalanced imagination will burry men
whose education and opportunities would have promised
better things. Mr. Hope, whilst discarding the authority
of the Holy Scriptures, offers us instead of them the un-
He professes, indeed, to believe the Bible-just so far as
supported excogitations of his own not very sober brain.
he finds it to consist with his own notions of truth. But
the folly and incongruity of the author's speculations have
been so well exposed by Robert Southey, in his letter to
Henry Taylor of July 15, 1851, (see Southey's Life and
This is an extraordinary work in every sense of that word.
It seems to be the object of the writer to unite the enter Correspondence,) that we may be excused from lingering
on the subject. A review of the work-of about as little
value as the book itself-will be found in the Lon. Month.
Rev. for July, 1831, 390-105.
tainment of a novel with the information of a book of travels.
Anastasius and the volumes which record his memoirs
form a paradox of contradiction. The Greek adventurer is acute
and dull, generous and niggardly, tender-hearted and cruel; and
the book, in harmony with its hero, is rational and absurd, pro-
found and shallow, amusing and tiresome, to a degree beyond
what we should have thought it possible to achieve in the same
performance, if we had not seen it exemplified in the author be-
fore us."-WILLIAM GIFFORD: Lon. Quar. Rev., xxiv. 511-529.
7. An Historical Essay on Architecture; illustrated by
Drawings made by him in Italy and Germany, 1835, 2
vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 1840, 2 vols. r. Svo, 99 Plates, £2: Ana-
lytical Index to, by Edward Cresy, r. Svo, 6s. An elabo-
for June, 1835.
rate review of this work will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag.
for June, 1835. The critic styles Hope's Essay
66
Mr. Hope will excuse us.-but we could not help exclaiming,
in reading it, 'Is this Mr. Thomas IIope?-1s this the man of
chairs and tables-the gentleman of sphinxes-the Edipus of
coal-boxes-be who meditated on muffineers and planned pokers?
-Where has he hidden all this eloquence and poetry up to this
hour? How is it that he has, all of a sudden, burst out into
descriptions which would not disgrace the pen of Tacitus-and
displayed a depth of feeling, and a vigour of imagination, which
Lord Byron could not excel? We do not
one
lable of this eulogium. The work now before us places him at
once in the highest list of eloquent writers and of superior men.
. . The sum of our eulogium is that Mr. Hope, without being
very successful in his story, or remarkably successful in the delinea
tion of character, has written a novel, which all clever people of a
certain age should read, because it is full of marvellously fine
things."SYDNEY SMITH: Edin. Rev., xxxv. 92-102: Works, Lom.,
1854. ii. 173-185.
This Epistle elicited a letter from Hope, in the next
number of the Magazine, (x. 312,) in which he claimed
the sole authorship of ANASTASIUS. See also Blackwood's
the sole authorship of ANASTASIUS. See also Blackwood's
Mag., xv. 51. From the many reviews before us, by
eminent critics, of this remarkable medley of Oriental
romance and classic travel, we have space for but brief
quotations:
That profound classical scholar and accomplished belles-
lettres critic, Edward Everett, of Massachusetts,-still,
fortunately for our national reputation, living amongst us
in the maturity of his extraordinary powers, and hardly
even yet become "the old man eloquent,"-wrote, nearly
forty years ago, for the columns of the North American
Review, an elaborate review of Anastasius, which choice
piece of criticism we beg to commend to the perusal of our
readers. As regards the work reviewed, we can hardly
advise so general a perusal.
In the words of Mr. Everett:
"We are afraid to recommend the book itself to indiscriminate
perusal. Some parts are dull and some offensive; and the whole
of it requires more geographical knowledge, to be read under-
standingly, than can be supposed to be in the possession of
general readers. For, notwithstanding what we have said of the
elevated character of the novel-writing of the present day, we
presume no one reads a novel with a map. Without a very good
map. Anastasius will be unintelligible. ... The author has occa-
sionally indulged in a licentiousness equally immoral and dis-
gusting."-N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1820. xi. 271–206. See also Lon.
Month. Rev., xci. 1, 131; Edin. Month. Rev., iv. 423.
"Hope has a pure and a quick fancy, and maintains the spirit
and manner of his characters with remarkable consistency and
truth.. The faults of the work are twofold: the chief cha-
racter is a cold-hearted scoundrel, whom we loathe from our soul;
and the language is neither prose nor poetry, but a
·
"Babylonish dialect
Which learned pedants most affect.""
ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog, and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the Last
Fifty Years.
We have seen that Lord Byron generally obtained the
credit of the authorship of Anastasius:
"When Anastasius first made its appearance. everybody thought
Lord Byron was taking to write prose: for there was no living
author but Lord Byron supposed capable of having written such
a book.
When Byron denied the work, (and, in fact, his lordship
could not have written it,) people looked about again, and won-
dered who the author could be. . . . The book was absolutely cram-
med with bold incidents and brilliant descriptions, with historical
details, given in a style which Hume or Gibbon could scarcely have
Eurpassed, and with analysis of human character and impulse,
such as even Mandeville might have been proud to acknowledge."
-Blackwood's Mag., xv. 51.
...
Such being the character of the work, we need not be
surprised that Lord Byron was not offended with the im-
putation of its authorship:
"Byron spoke to-day in terms of high commendation of Ilope's
Anastasius; said that he wept bitterly over many pages of it, and
for two reasons:-first, that he had not written it, and secondly,
that Hope had; for that it was necessary to like a man excessively
881
"The most comprehensive elucidation of the architecture of the
Middle Ages which has ever appeared in this country."
Hope, Thomas Charles, M.D., Professor of Che-
mistry in the Univ. of Edinburgh. 1. Tentamen Inaug.
quædam de Planetarum Motibus et Vita, complectens,
Edin., 1787, 8vo. 2. On Strontian Earth, 1793, 4to. 3.
Con. on nat. philos., &c. to Trans. Soc., Edin., 1796, 1805;
Nic. Jour., 1803, '05.
Master, Lon., 1691, 12mo; 1692, 8vo.
Hope, Sir William, Bart. 1. Complete Fencing-
2. Swordsman's
Vade-Mecum, 1694, 12mo. 3. New Method of Fencing,
Edin., 1707, '14, 4to. 4. Self-Defence, 1724, Svo. 5. Trans.
of Solleysell's Compleat Horseman, 1696, fol.; 1717, fol.
Abridged, 1711, Svo.
Hope, William, M.D., Operative Chemist. Tho
Practical Chemist's Pocket Guide, Lon., 1839, 32mo.
“To those who wish to acquire a general knowledge of Chemistry,
we most cordially recommend this pocket manual."-Liverpool
Standard.
Hopkins. A Large Bone of the Stag Kind; Phil.
Trans., 1752.
Perpetual Curate of Barbon. Serms., Lon., 1838; 2d ed.,
Hopkins, Benjamin, Curate of Keyworth, Notts,
Lon., 1838, Svo; 1841, '42.
"Useful additions to the stock of domestic sermons."-REV. K,
WILSON EVANS.
Hopkins, Charles, 1664-1699, a son of Bishop Eze-
kiel Hopkins, was a native of Exeter, and educated at
Trinity College, Dublin, and Queen's College, Cambridge.
1. Epistolary Poems and Translations, 1694. In Nichols's
Collection. 2. Pyrrhus, King of Egypt; a Trag., Lon.,
1695, 4to. 3. The Hist. of Love; from Ovid, 1695. 4.
Art of Love. 5. Boadicea, Queen of Britain; a Trag.,
1697, 4to.
4to. See Jacobs's Lives; Biog. Dramat.; Nichols's Poems.
6. Friendship Improved; a Trng., 1697, 1700,
Hopkins, David, of the Bengal Medical Establish-
ment, d. at Samarang, in the island of Java, 1814. 1. The
Dangers of British India, 1809, '13, 8vo. 2. A Vocabu-
lary of Persian, Arabic, and English; abridged from Dr.
C. Wilkins's ed. of Richardson's Dictionary.
Hopkins, Rev. Erastus, b. 1810, at Hadley, Mass.,
Troy, New York, was for seven years President of the
settled three years in South Carolina, and four years in
Connecticut River Railroad Company, and has represented
the town of Northampton in the Massachusetts Legislature
for seven years out of the last ten. He is the author of
The Family a Religious Institution, Troy, 1840; a num-
ber of Political Specches, Reports, &c.; and some articles
in the political and religious periodicals of the day.
Hopkins, Ezekiel, 1633-1690, a native of Sandford,
Devonshire, educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, became
minister of St. Mary Woolnoth, London, and subsequently
Raphoe, 1671; trans. to Londonderry, 1681. In 1688 he
of St. Mary's, Exeter; Dean of Raphoe, 1669; Bishop of
was driven from his diocese by the forers under the Earl
minister of Aldermanbury in September, 1689, and there
of Tyrconnel; and, taking refuge in London, he was elected
remained until his death, June 22, 1690. His writings are
greatly admired even by those who do not share his Cal-
ПОР
HOP
vinistic doctrines. 1. Treatise of the Vanity of the World,
1663. 2. Funl. Serm., 1668. 3. Funl. Serin., 1671. 4.
Death Disarmed of its Sting, &c., 1679, 1712, 8vo. Nos.
1, 2, and 3 were reprinted (2d ed.) in 1 vol. 8vo, in 1685.
5. Serms. on Several Scriptures, 1691, vol. ii., 1693: iii.,
1694; iv., 1696, all 8vo. 6. Expos. on the Lord's Prayer,
with some Serms., 1692, '98, 8vo. 7. Expos. on the Ten
Commandments, with other Serms., 1692, 4to. 8. Expos.
on the Ten Commandments, with the Expos. of the Lord's
Prayer; and other Serms., 1692, 4to, pp. 822. 9. Whole
Works, now first collected, 1701, fol. The two following
8vo vols., first pub. from the author's MSS. in 1712, are
necessary to complete the fol. of 1701. 10. Doctrine of
the Two Covenants, &c. 11. Doctrine of the Two Sacra-
ments, &c. Watt (Bibl. Brit.) says that there was another
fol. ed. in 1710; but this is disputed. If not, there was no
ed. later than that of 1701, until the appearance of the
Rev. Josiah Pratt's ed. of 1809, 4 vols. 8vo, £1 168.; large
paper, 4 vols. r. 8vo, £2 10s. New ed., with a Memoir of
the Author, 1841, r. 8vo, 188.; also, with a General Index
of Texts and Subjects, 1841, 2 vols. r. Svo, £1 48. An-
other ed., 1843, 2 vols. r. Svo, £1 1s. There have been
recent edits. of a number of Bp. Hopkins's works, pub.
separately; and in 1827 the Rev. W. Wilson, D.D., pub. a
Selection from the Works of Bishop Hopkins, with a brief
Sketch of his Life, Lon., 18mo.
"Hopkins's motto, aut suaviter aut vi, well answered his works;
yet he trusted most to the latter. awakening meu awfully; yet
sometimes he bent the bow till it broke:—an error greatly to be
guarded against."-DR. Doddridge.
"Ile was one of the last of that race of sound divines to which
the Reformation gave birth, and who. in uninterrupted succession,
had maintained in the episcopal chair the genuine doctrines of the
Scripture and the English church.... Four excellencies appear to
me to be combined in him as a writer. In doctrine he is sound
and discriminating; in style rich and barmonious; in illustration
apt and forcible; and in application awakening and persuasive.”—
REV. JOSIAH PRATT.
"His Works form of themselves a sound body of divinity, with
some of the faults of the day in artificial distinctions and divi-
sions. He is clear. vehement, and persuasive."-Bickersteth's C. S.
"Whatever be the nature of the subject on which he treats, his
hand is instinctively seen to be that of a master: throughout we
find a strength of thought, an originality of illustration. a force
and felicity of style, a homely raciness of expression, which com-
mand perpetual attention.”—Lon. Witness.
"In Hopkins we are struck with the use of strong and forcible
imagery in the illustration of his positions. His style is plain,
familiar, and perspicuous, and yet withal forcible and nervous.
His chief excellence is that he can be plain and energetic almost
at the same time. We recommend him strongly to the younger
clergy.”—Lon. Chris. Observ.
"The fervent and affectionate Hopkins."-Rev. James HERVEY.
"Bishop Hopkins, for his excellency in that noble faculty [of
preaching] was celebrated by all men. He was followed and ad-
inired in all places where he lived, and was justly esteemed one
of the best preachers of our age, and his discourses always smelt
of the lamp: they were very elaborate and well digested."
Prince's Worthies of Devon.
Hopkins, H. W. Serm., Lon., 1796, Sro.
Hopkins, John, b. 1675, a son of Bishop Ezekiel
Hopkins. 1. The Triumphs of Peace, or The Glories of
Nassau; a Pindaric Poem, 1698. 2. The Victory of Death;
a Pindaric Poem, 1698, 8vo. 3. Amasia, or The Works of
the Muses; a Collection of Poems, 1700, 3 vols. This is
his principal performance. See Nichols's Poems; Chal-
mers's Biog. Dict.
!
Hopkins, John, the principal successor of Thomas
Sternhold in versifying the Psalms of David, was admitted
A.B. at Oxford in 1544, and is supposed to have been sub-
sequently a clergyman and schoolmaster in Suffolk. He
versified fifty-eight of the Psalms, which bear his initials.
The complete version was first printed (by Johu Day) in
1562, 4to, though portions had appeared before.
"Of his abilities as a teacher of the classics, he has left a speci-
men in some Latin stanzas prefixed to Fox's MARTYROLOGY. He is
rather a better English poet than Sternhold.”— Wurton's Hist. of
Eng. Poet.. q. v.
See also Athen. Oxon; Heylin's Hist. of the Reform.;
Hawkins and Burney's Hist. of Music; Chalmers's Biog.
Diet., and authorities there cited; Cotton's edits. of the
Bible, &c.; Disraeli's Curiosities of Lit; STERNHOLD,
THOMAS, in this Dictionary.
Hopkins, John Henry, D.D., b. in Dublin, Ireland,
Jan. 30, 1792, emigrated to the United States, August,
1800; educated chiefly in Philadelphia; admitted to the
Pittsburg Bar, 1817; ordained deacon in the Protestant
Episcopal Church, 1823; ordained priest, 1824; Rector
of Trinity Church, Pittsburg, 1823-31, in which year he
removed to Boston as assistant minister of Trinity Church ;
consecrated (the first) Bishop of Vermont, 1832. 1. Chris-
tianity Vindicated, Burlington, Vt., 1833, 12mo. 2. The
Primitive Creed Examined and Explained, 1834, 12mo.
3. The Primitive Church compared with the Prot. Epis.
Church of the Present Day, 1835. 12mo; 2d ed., revised
and improved, 1836, 12mo. 4. Essay on Gothic Archi-
tecture, 1836, r. 4to. 5. The Church of Rome in her
Primitive Purity compared with the Church of Rome of
the Present Day, 1837, 12mo; Lon., with an Introduc. by
Rev. Henry Melvill, 1839, p. Svo. 6. The Novelties which
disturb our Peace, Phila., 1844, 12mo; 2d ed., 1845, 12mo.
7. Sixteen Lects. on the British Reformation, 1844, 12mo.
8. The Hist. of the Confessional, N. York, 1850, 12mo. 9.
The End of Controversy Controverted: a Refutation of
Milner's End of Controversy; in a series of Letters ad-
dressed to the Roman Archbishop [Kenrick] of Baltimore,
1854, 2 vols. 12mo, pp. 918. This work is presumed to
have been elicited by a recommendation some years since
from Archbishop (then Bishop) Kenrick to all Protestant
clergymen to read Milner's End of Controversy. Arch-
bishop Kenrick has recently pub., in answer to Bishop
Hopkins's work, A Vindication of the Catholic Church;
in a Series of Letters addressed to the Rt. Rev. John
Henry Hopkins, Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Vermont.
Balt., 1855, 12mo, pp. 334. 10. The Vermont Drawing-
Book of Landscapes; for the Use of Schools: Six Nos. of
Lithographs, Burlington, Vt., 1838. 11. Sacred Songs,
Words, and Music, for the Use of Christian Families, Lon.
and N. York, 1839. In addition to the works noticed
above, this learned and excellent prelate―distinguished
for his Christian activity and zeal-has given to the world
about thirty occasional Sermons, Letters, Discourses, Ad-
dresses, &c.
Hopkins,
1814, 12mo.
Joseph. Accoucheur's Vade-Mecum,
Hopkins, Lemuel, M.D., 1750-1801, a descendant
of Governor Hopkins, of Connecticut, a native of Water-
bury, Conn., practised medicine from 1776 to 1784 at
Litchfield, and from 1784 to 1801 at Hartford. He wrote
a number of poetical pieces, and was an associate with
Trumbull, Barlow, Alsop, and others, in the composition
of The Anarchiad, (pub. in the Connecticut Magazine,
1786-87,) The Echo, Political Green-House, The Guil-
lotine, and other productions. See Thacher's Med. Biog.;
Kettell's Spec. of Amer. Poetry, i. 272-284; Everest's
Poets of Connecticut; Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
Among Hopkins's best-known pieces are The Hypocrite's
Hope, and Elegy on the Victim of a Cancer Quack. The
S8th Psalm in Barlow's collection was versified by him.
Hopkins, Louisa Payson, b. 1812, at Portland,
Maine, a daughter of the Rev. Edward Payson, D.D., emi-
nent for his piety, was married to Prof. Albert Hopkins
in 1842. Mrs. Hopkins is the author of a number of
works, written some before and some since her marriage,
intended for the benefit of the young. 1. The Pastor's
Daughter, N. York. 18mo. 2. Lessons on the Book of
Proverbs, Bost. 3. The Young Christian Encouraged, N.
4. Henry Lang-
York, 18mo. Repub., Hartford, 18mo.
don; or, What was I Made For? N. York, 1846, 18mo.
Bible God's Message: a sequel to Henry Langdon, Bost.,
Repub., Hartford, 18mo. 5. The Guiding Star; or, The
1851, 18mo. 6. The Silent Comforter; a Companion for
the Sick-Room. A compilation. 7. Payson's Thoughts.
A compilation. She has also composed several Question-
Books for the Mass. S. S. Union, and çontributed articles
to Kitto's Biblical Cyclopædia, The New York Review, &c.
Mrs. Hopkins's writings have been commended in the
highest terms.
Hopkins, Mark, D.D., M.D., a Presbyterian divine,
b. 1802, at Stockbridge, Mass., and educated at Williams
College, subsequently studied medicine, and received the
degree of M.D. in 1828; Professor of Moral Philosophy
and Rhetoric in Williams College, 1830-36; President of
Williams College from Sept. 15, 1836, to the present time
1. Lects. on the Evidences of Christianity, before the
Lowell Institute, delivered in Jan. 1844; pub., Bost.,
1846, Svo. 2. Miscellaneous Essays and Reviews, 1847,
Svo. Contents: I. Paper originally pub. in Amer. Jour.
of Science and Arts, April, 1828; II., III. Papers in
Amer. Quar. Observer, Oct. 1833, and Oct. 1834; IV. Paper
in Biblical Repository, Oct. 1835. Dr. Hopkins has also
pub. separately seven Sermons, Discourses, &c. He enjoys
the reputation of being an efficient president and an able
instructor; and Williams College has greatly prospered
under his paternal jurisdiction. See Princeton Review,
xviii. 359; New Englander, (by N. Porter, Jr.,) iv. 401;
Chris. Exam., (by G. B. Emerson,) xxx. 340; Chris. Exam.,
(by E. Peabody,) xli. 216.
Hopkins, Marmaduke. Serm., Lon., 1689, 4to.
Hopkins, Matthew. The Discovery of Witches,
£85
HOP
HOP
Lon., 1647, 4to, pp. 10. See Lon. Retrosp. Rev., v. 86-
136; Hudibras, Pt. 2, canto iii.
Hopkins, Richard. 1. Trans. from the Spanish of
a work on Prayer and Meditation, 1582, 8vo; Lon., 1592,
24mo. 2. Trans. from the Spanish of a work entit. A Me-,
moriall of a Christian Life, Rouen, 1599, Svo.
Hopkins, Samuel, d. 1755, minister of West Spring-
field, Mass., graduated at Yale College in 1718, and was
ordained in 1720. Historical Memoirs relating to Housa-
tunnuk Indians, 1753, 4to.
Hopkins, Samuel, D.D., 1721-1803, a descendant
of Governor Hopkins of Connecticut, and the founder of
the Hopkinsonian school of divinity, was a native of
Waterbury, Conn., graduated at Yale College in 1741,
studied theology under the celebrated Jonathan Edwards,
was ordained in 1743, and was subsequently stationed
successively at Great Barrington, Newport, R.I., New-
buryport, Canterbury, Stamford, and again, in 1780, at
Newport, where he remained until his death in 1803. His
theological views were given to the world in his System
of Doctrines contained in Divine Revelation explained
and defended, Bost., 1793, 2 vols. 8vo; 1811, 2 vols. 8vo;
and in collective ed. of his works, Phila., 1853, 3 vols. 8vo.
"The celebrity of the author, who, with Edwards and Bellamy,
completes the American triumvirate of eminent writers in the
same strain of divinity, would have rendered this work much
more popular and useful, had he kept clear of a bold and grating
statement, that God has foreordained all the moral evil which
does take place,' and which he endeavours to defend with more
ingenuity than success.”—Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
"Any one familiar with the annals of Youthful Virginia will
here recognise. it is believed, a scrupulous regard to historic
truth."-Author's Preface.
Very favourably noticed in Putnam's Magazine for
July, 1856.
Hopkins, Samuel M. Reports of Cases in the Ct.
of Chancery in N. York, 1823-26, N. York, 1827, 8vo. See
2 U. S. L. J., 282.
Hopkins, Stephen, 1707-1785, one of the signers
of the American Declaration of Independence, was a na-
tive of Scituate, Rhode Island; Chief-Justice of the Su-
perior Court, 1751 to 1754; Governor of Rhode Island,
1755 to 1768, with the exception of four years; Member
of the American Congress, 1774 to 1779. 1. The Grievances
of the American Colonies candidly Examined; printed
by Authority at Providence, R. Island; also Lon., 1765,
8vo.
Vicar of Bolney, Sussex, 1731; Master of the Gramma
School of Cuckfield, 1756; Curate of Slaugham, 1766. He
pub. several anonymous pamphlets against compulsory
subscription to the XXXIX. Articles, &c., but is best
known by the following work: Exodus: a corrected
Translation, with Notes Critical and Explanatory, Lon.,
1784, 4to.
|
"Hopkins sought to add to the five points of Calvinism the
rather heterogeneous ingredient that holiuess consists in pure, dis-
interested benevolence, and that all regard for self is necessarily
Hopkinson, Francis, 1737-1791, a native of Phila-
delphia, the son of Thomas Hopkinson, an Englishman,
was educated at the college (now the University of Penn.
sylvania) in Philadelphia, and subsequently studied law.
In 1765 we find him in England, where he resided for two
years, settling, on his return, at Bordentown, New Jersey,
where he married Miss Ann Borden.
In 1776 he repre-
sented New Jersey in the American Congress, and was
He held for a number of years an appointment in the
one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence.
Loan-Office. In 1779 he was made Judge of the Admi-
ralty in Pennsylvania, and in 1790 was appointed, by
President Washington, Judge of the District Court of the
United States. He died May 9, 1791, of an attack of
apoplexy. He was the author of a number of poems,
political pamphlets, essays, and many admirable jeux-
d'esprit on the prominent topics of the day. Among the
best-known of his poems are The Treaty, The Battle of
the Kegs, A Morning Hymn, An Evening Hymn,
Description of a Church, Science, A Camp Ballad,
and The New Roof. Of his satirical pieces we may
instance The Typographical Mode of Conducting a
Quarrel, Thoughts on the Diseases of the Mind, Essay
on White-Washing, and Modern Learning.
Few pens
of the day effected more than Hopkinson's in edu-
cating the American people for political independence.
The brevity, wit, and vivacity of his pieces gave them
portability, currency, and popular favour. Of this class
the most important of his writings we may spe-
sinful."—Hildreth's Hist. of the U. States, ed. 1854, ii. 579.
Hopkins also pub. a number of occasional serms, and
theolog. treatises, &c., 1759-83; The Life of Susan An-
thony, 1796; new ed., 1830, 12mo; The Life of Mrs. Os-
born, 1798; a vol. of Serms., 1803; and left Sketches of his
life, and two theolog. tracts; the three last-named were pub.
by Dr. West, of Stockbridge, in 1805. A collective ed. of
his Works, including his System of Doctrines, with a Mo.
Me-
moir of his Life and Character, was pub. by the Doct. Tract
and Book Soc., Phila., 1853, 3 vols. 8vo. See Sketches
of his Life, Works, 1853, 3 vols. Svo; Whittier's Old
Portraits and Modern Sketches; Allen's Amer. Biog.
Dict.; W. E. Channing's Works: Chris. Exam., xxxiii. 169.
Hopkins, Samuel. The Youth of the Old Dominion,
Bost., 1856. This work professes to be based upon his-cify The Pretty Story, 1774; The Prophecy, 1776; The
Political Catechism, 1777. But the collector of Ame-
rican History (a large class these collectors have now
become!) must secure for his shelves, if he can, (which
is more than doubtful,) The Miscellaneous Essays und
Occasional Writings of Francis Hopkinson, Phila., pub.
by Dobson, 1792, 3 vols. 8vo. A number of papers by
Hopkinson will be found in Aitkin's Pennsylvania Maga-
zine, and in Trans. Amer. Soc., ii. 159; iii. 183, 185, 239,
331. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.; Lives of the Signers;
Massachusetts Mag., iii. 750-783; Amer. Mus., iii. 165;
ix. 39; Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.; Notes on the
Provincial Lit. of Penna., by Thomas I. Wharton, read at
a Meeting of the Council of the Hist. Soc. of Penn., Sept.
21, 1825; Delaplaine's Repository; Works of John Adams;
and other works of, and connected with, the Revolutionary
times.
torical facts:
"A poet, a wit. a patriot, a chemist, a mathematician, and a
judge of the admiralty; bis character was composed of a happy
union of qualities and endowments commonly supposed to be
discordant; and, with the humour of Swift and Rabelais, he was
always found on the side of virtue and social order."-THOMAS I.
WHARTON: ubi supra.
"A modest yet pathetic recital of the hardships laid on our
American brethren by the Stamp Act."—Lon. Month. Rev.
2. An Account of Providence, R. Island; in 2 Hist.
Collec., ix. 166-203.
Hopkins, Thomas. Bank Notes the cause of the
disappearance of Guineas, 1811, 8vo.
Hopkins, William. The Flying Penman, Lon.,
1674, 12mo.
“The chief value of this translation is, that it gives all tho ad-
ditions and variations of the Samaritan and Septuagint. The
author's heterodoxy is offensively avowed, both in the preface and
notes."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
The translator has, in general, executed his task with fidelity."
-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
KA
"In the notes we meet with little that can gratify the taste of
critical and curious readers; and his severe reflections on the
Articles and Liturgy of the Church of England might well have
been spared in a work of this nature."-Lon. Month. Rev., O. S
xxii. 412.
Paradisii, Lugd. Bat., 1593, 4to. Et vide Ugolinus The-
Hopkinson, John, a native of England. Synopsis
saurus Antiquitatum Sacrarum, Venet., 1744-69, (34 vols.
fol..) tom. vii. G07.
Hopkins, William, 1647-1700, a native of Eves- Philadelphia, son of Francis Hopkinson, (ante,) was edu-
Hopkinson, Joseph, LL.D., 1770-1842, a native of
ham, Worcestershire, educated at Trin. Coll., Oxf.; Preb.cated at the University of Pennsylvania, and subsequently
of Worcester, 1675; Curate of Mortlake, Surrey, 1678; practised luw, first at Easton and then in Philadelphia.
Lecturer of St. Lawrence, Jewry, about 1680; Vicar of From 1815 to 1819 he was a member of the national
Lindridge, 1686; Master of St. Oswald's Hospital, Wor- House of Representatives, and in 1828 was appointed, by
cester, 1697. 1. Serm., 1683, 4to. 2. Bartram, or Rartram, President Adams, Judge of the District Court of the United
on the Body and Blood of the Lord; 2d ed., 1688. 3. States, an office which he retained until his death. Both
Animad. on Johnson's Answer to Jovian, Lon., 1691, 8vo. his father and grandfather had preceded him on the bench.
4. Latin Trans., with Notes, of a Saxon tract on the Bu- The subject of our notice was Vice-Presidont of the Ame-
rial-Places of the Saxon Saints, pub. in Hickes's Sep- rican Philosophical Society, and President of the Phila-
tentrional Grammar, Oxf., 1705. 5. Seventeen Serms., delphia Academy of Fine Arts. He was the author of
with Life by Dr. Geo. Hickes, D.D., Lon., 1708, 8vo. the patriotic song of "Hail Columbia," written under cir-
cumstances pleasantly recorded by the author in a letter
which will be found in Griswold's Poets and Poetry of
America. See also a biographical notice of Judge Hop-
Hopkins, William, 1706–1786, an Arian writer,
a clergyman of the Church of England, a native of
Monmouth, was entered at All-Souls College, Oxf., 1724:
886
HOP
HOR
kinson-written by Francis Wharton, of Philadelphia-in
Hunt's Merchant's Magazine, vii. 397. Judge Hopkinson
pub., in addition to several addresses before literary socie-
ties, &c., an Address delivered before the Law Academy
of Philadelphia, Phila., 1826, 8vo. and a Eulogy in Com-
memoration of the Hon. Bushrod Washington, 1830, 8vo.
For Hopkinson's Decisions, see II. D. Gilpin's District Ct.
Reports, 1828-35, 8vo, 1837, (noticed in 18 A. J., 521 :)
Crabbe's Reports, 1836-46: see p. 444 of this Dictionary.
Hopkinson, Samuel, Rector of Etton, and Vicar of
Morton. 1. Serms., Lon., 1789, 4to. 2. Reflections, 1793,
4to. 3. Prayer, &c. for Children, 1795, 12mo. 4. Serm.,
1798, 8vo. 5. Causes of the Scarcity investigated, &c.,
1801, 8vo. 6. Essays, 1826, 12mo.
!
Hopkinson, William. Trans. of Beza's Display
of Popish Practices, &c., Lon., 1578, 4to.
Hopkirk, Thomas. 1. Flora Glottiana, Glasg., 1813,
8vo. 2. Flora Anomoia, 1817, 8vo.
Hoppner, Richard Belgrave. Trans. of Capt.
Krusenstern's Voyage round the World, 1803-05, Lon.,
1813, 2 vols. Capt. (since Vice-Admiral) Krusenstern
complained bitterly of the faults of this translation. See
Lcn. Quar. Rev., xxii. 109; xxvi. 346; xxviii. 407; xxx.
265; xxxi. 163; N. Amer. Rev., xxv. 1; Rich's Bibl. Amer.
Nova, ii. 69.
Oriental Tales trans. into English
Hoppus, John, Prof. of the Philos. of Mind and
Logic in the Univ. of London. Lects. on the Polity and
Hist. of the Hebrews, Lon., 1847, 12mo.
"A very judicious and useful manual, which throws great light
upon the Holy Scriptures, and will form a valuable acquisition to
the Sunday-school Library. It is well worthy the attention of
young people who wish to understand the sacred oracles."-Lon.
Wesleyan Methodist Magazine.
"We have seldom read a volume of greater interest, and strongly
commend it to all, but more especially to our young friends.”.
Lon. Home Missionary Magazine.
Other works.
Hoppener, J.
Verse, Lon., 1805, Svo.
Hopson, Charles R., M.D. 1. Dysentery, Lon.,
1771, Svo. 2. Essay on Fire, 1782, 8vo. 3. System of
Chemistry, 1789, '94, 4to.
Hopson, Edward. The Human Mind, 1777, 12mo.
Hopton, Arthur, 15SS-1614, a native of Somerset-
shire, educated at Lincoln Coll., Oxf., was the son of Sir
Arthur Hopton, and an intimate friend of John Selden.
1. Baculum Geodeticum, Lon., 1610, 4to. 2. Speculum
Topographicum, 1611, 4to. 3. A Concordancy of Years,
1615, Svo. Enlarged by John Penkethman, 1635, Svo.
This work is mentioned by the commentators on Shak-
speare. 4. Prognostications for the Years 1607 and 1614.
"The miracle of his age for learning."-Athen. Oxon., q. v.
Hopton, Richard. Burning Spring; Phil. Trans.,
1711.
Hopton, Mrs. Susannah, 1627-1709, a very devout
lady, a native of Staffordshire, the wife of Richard Hopton,
a Welsh judge, became a Roman Catholic, but returned to
the Protestant faith. 1. Daily Devotions, Lon., 1673, 12mo;
5th ed., 1713. See Darling's Cyc. Bibl., i. 538. 2. Medi-
tations, &c., pub. by N. Spinckes, Lon., 1717, Svo.
votions, &c.; see HICKES, GEORGE, D.D., No. 9,
Dictionary; Darling's Cye. Bibl., i. 1469.
Hopwood, Henry, Rector of Bothall, Northumber-
land, has pub. a number of theolog. and educational works,
Lon., 1841-50.
3. De-
in this
-
Hopwood, John. Blessed Rest, &c., Lon., 1676, Svo.
Horbery, Matthew, D.D., 1707-1773, a native of
Haxay, Lincolnshire, educated at Lincoln Coll., Oxf., and
elected Fellow of Magdalen Coll.; successively Vicar of
Eccleshall, Canon of Lichfield, Vicar of Hanbury, and
Rector of Standlake. 1. Animad. on J. Jackson's Christian
Liberty Asserted, &c., 1735. 2. Enquiry conc. Future
Punishment, Lon., 1744, Svo. 3. Serm., Oxf., 1745, Svo.
4. Serm., 1747. 5. Serm., 1749. Svo. 6. 18 Serms., 1774,
Svo. A collective ed. of his Works was pub. at Oxford
in 1828, 2 vols. Svo. His Serms. have been highly com-
mended:
"They are excellent.”—DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON.
"Such was his reputation as a preacher, that two hundred of
his MS. sermons, in the rough state in which he first composed
them, were disposed of for six hundred guineas."
"They are written in a nervous, animated language, calculated
to convince and persuade, without any affectation or pretence to
rhetoric, but with a simplicity which was a prominent feature in
the character of the author.”—S. CLAPHAM.
See Lon. Gent. Mag., vols. Ixix. and lxxvi.
Horde, Thomas, Jr., was the author of thirteen
dramatic pieces, pub. 1769-85. See Biog. Dramat.
Horden, John. Serm., Lon., 1676, 4to.
Hordern, Joseph, Rural Dean and Vicar of Ros
thern. 1. Directions for Reading to the Sick, Lon., 18mo.
2. Serms., 1830, 8vo.
Hore, Charles. Divine Meditations, 1804, 12mo.
Horlet, Joseph. Three Serins., 1729, '42, '50.
Horman, Wm., d. 1535, a native of Salisbury, edu-
cated at, and Fellow of, New Coll., Oxf., was made Master
of Eton (of which he subsequently became Fellow and
Vice-Provost) in 1485. He pub. Herbarum Synonyma,
Indices to the writers De Re Rustica, &c. See the name
in Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 967.
Horn. Hist. of the Woman of Great Faith, 1632, Svo.
Horn, Charles Edward, 1786-1850, a native of
London, d. in Boston, Mass., an eminent composer of
music, was well known as the author of Cherry Ripe, I've
been Poaming, The Deep, Deep Sea, The Mermaid's Cave,
I Know a Bank, and other popular songs. A biog. notice of
Mr. Horn will be found in the Lon. Gent. Mag., Jan. 1850.
Horn, George. Treatise on Leeches, Lon., 1798, 8vo.
Horn, Henry, and Edwin T. Hurlstone. Ex-
cheq. Reports, H. T. 1838 to H. T. 1839, Lon., 1810, Svo.
Horn, John. See HORNE.
Horn, Robert. Expos. of Part of the Parable of
the Lost Sonne, Lon., 1614, Svo.
Horn, Thomas, Rector of Martley.
Serms. on va-
rious Subjects, Lon., 1832, 12mo.
"There is sterling matter in most of his discourses."-Løn.
Chris. Rememb.
Other works.
Hornblower, J. C., Engineer. Papers on Steam
Engines, &c. in Nic. Jour, 1802, '03, '04, '05.
Hornby, Charles, "a sour and ill-natured pedant,
secondary of the Pipe Office," pub. two vols. of Letters,
1730, Svo, and 1738, Svo, criticizing Sir Wm. Dugdale's
Baronage of England.
Hornby, Mrs. Edmund. In and Around Stamboul,
Lon., 1858: Phila., 1858.
Hornby, Geoffrey. Serm., 1806. Svo.
Hornby, Thomas. Dissert. on Lime in Agriculture,
1815, Svo. See, on this point. Donaldson's Ag. Biog., 107.
Hornby, Wm. The Scovrge of Drvnkennes, Lon.,
1618, 4to, pp. 32, Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 349, £30. This poem
is preceded by an address, in which the author promises
to show "Drunkennesse" no quarter:
"Ile vse thee like a Dogge, a Jew, a Slaue;
Expect no mercy from my hands to haue."
This book may be called an early Temperance Docu-
ment. See Bibl. Anglo-Poet., p. 151.
Horne, Andrew, a native of Gloucester, England,
an eminent lawyer and chamberlain of London temp.
Edward I. 1. La Somme appellé Mirroir des Justices, seu
Speculum Justiciarum, Lon., 1642, Svo. In English, by
Wm. Hughes, 1646, Svo; 1649, 12mo; 1659, Svo; 1768,
12mo; Manchester, 1840, 12mo. For an account of this
valuable work-known as HORNE'S MIRROR-see 2 Reeves's
Hist., 358; iv. 116, n.; Nic. Eng. Hist. Lib., 155; Crabb's
Hist., 255; Bridg. Bibl., 161; Clarke's Bibl., 106; Pref.
to 9 and 10 Reports; Blaxland's Codex, 126; 1 Campbell's
Lives of the Lord-Chancellors, 206; Marvin's Leg. Bibl.,
396. Horne is said to have compiled Chronicon Glocestriæ,
long since lost, and Liber Horne. For an account of the
last-named book, see Clarke's Bibl., 107; Gough's Brit.
Top., v., i. 576,
Horne, Andrew. 1. The Seat of Vision Determined,
Lon., 1813, '18, Svo. 2. On Vision; Phil. Mag., 1816, '17.
3. Magnetism; Thom. Ann. Philos., 1817.
Horne, George, D.D., 1730–1792, an eminent divine
of the Hutchinsonian school, was a native of Otham, near
Maidstone, and educated at University College, Oxford;
Fellow of Magdalene College. 1749, and President, 1768;
Chaplain to the King, 1771; Vice-Chancellor of the Univ.
of Oxford, 1776; Dean of Canterbury, 1781; Bishop of
Norwich, 1790. He pub. a number of controversial trea-
tises in favour of Hutchinson, and against Sir Isaac New-
ton, Adam Smith, Law, Hume, Shuckford, Kennicott,
Halhed, and Priestley; a Commentary on the Book of
Psalms; Sermons, &c. His Letters on Infidelity, in which
Hume's arguments are discussed, were pub. in 1784, 12mo.
A collective ed. of his Works, with a Life, was pub. by
his friend and chaplain, Wm. Jones, of Nayland, in 1795-
99, 6 vols. Svo; 1809, 6 vols. 8vo; 1812, 6 vols. 8vo;
1818, 6 vols. 8vo; last ed., 1830, 4 vols. Svo. Of his Dis-
courses, a 4th ed. was pub. in 1803-04, 5 vols. Svo; other
eds., 1812, 3 vols. 8vo; 1824, 3 vols. 8vo; new ed., 1831,
2 vols. Svo; last ed., 1845, 2 vols. Svo. Of the Com-
mentary on the Psalms (1st ed., 1771, 2 vols. 4to) there
have been many edits. Among the last are the one pub
Add
887
HOR
HOR
by Virtue, in 3 vols. 12mo, in 1836; the one in 2 vols.
12mo, pub. by the Lon. Soc. P. C. K. in 1848; and Long-
nan's ed. in 1848, Svo. See also Nisbet's ed. of Horne's
Arrangement of the Psalms, Notes, and Comments, Pt. 1,
1850, p. 8vo. The Essay on Horne's Commentary, by
James Montgomery, Esq., (prefixed to ed. in 2 vols., form-
ing a portion of the Sacred Classics,) and the one by the
Rev. Edward Irving, (prefixed to an ed. pub. in Glasgow
in 3 vols. 12mo,) are doubtless well known to many of our
readers. Irving's Essay has been highly commended.
The Daily Communings, Spiritual and Devotional, on
Select Portions of the Psalms, from Horne's Commentary,
(2d ed., 64mo,) and the Selection by Lindley Murray,
(1812, Svo,) have met with warm approbation. The last-
named comprises, says Dr. T. H. Horne, "the most
striking. pathetic, and instructive parts of the Com-
mentary.' A vol. of Selections from the Commentary
was pub. in 1832, 12mo. It is by his Discourses and
Commentary on the Psalms that Bishop Horne will always
be favourably known; and it will now be proper for us to
adduce some opinions upon the merits and defects of these
productions.
Horne, H. P. Bianca Capello; a Tragedy, Lon., 1847.
"A metrical arrangement of ten syllables is not necessarily
poetry, any more than rant disposed in broken sentences is natu
rally passion."-Lon. Athenæum. 1847, p. 516.
Horne, Henry. 1. Essays conc. Iron and Steel,
Lon., 1773, 12mo. 2. Sand Iron; Phil. Trans., 1763.
Horne, John, d. 1676, aged 61, a Non-conformist
divine, educated at Trin. Coll., Camb., Vicar of Allhallows,
Opinions on the Discourses:
contain more Hutchinsonianism, and less of evangelical senti-
ment, than might have been expected."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Some of Bishop Horne's discourses are ingenious; but they Lynn-Regis, Norfolk, ejected for Non-conformity, 1662,
was the author of a poem called The Divine Wooer, Lon.,
1673, and some serms. and theolog. treatises, 1649-73.
Horne, John. Serm., Lon., 1768, 4to.
66
Horne, or Horn, John. Sowing Machine for every
kind of Grain, &c., Lon., 1786, Svo.
Bishop Horne's views of preaching, not always (alas! such is
our common iufirmity!) fully illustrated by his own sermons, are
instructive. . . . His sermons are polished, and have many beautful
and excellent thoughts; but they are wanting in the full declara-
tion of justification by faith, and therefore meet not adequately
the distresses of an awakened conscience. His sermons are
devotional and elegant. He and others of his school have brought
some important truths before men who would not have listened
to those writing more in the spirit of the Reformers."-Bicker-
steth's C. S.
""
•
Horne, John. Serm., 1812, 8vo.
Horne, John. See ToOKE.
Horne, Melville. Serms., &c., 1791-1811.
Horne, Richard Henry, b. in London, 1803, was
educated at Sandhurst College, in expectation of a mili-
tary appointment in the East India Company's service.
Disappointed in this hope, he entered the Mexican navy
as a midshipman, and served in the war against Spain
until the restoration of peace. He then returned to Eng-
land by the way of the United States, and settled down
as a London man of letters. In 1852 he emigrated to
the gold-fields of Australia, and, after serving some
"His style is lucid, and often terse; his reflections grow natu-
time as Chief of the Mounted Police, now holds the office
rally out of the sentiments of the passage on which he comments,
of Gold Commissioner,-an auriferous proximity seldom
and there breathes through the whole so much sympathy with the
Psalmist in his humble views of himself and his exalted concep- enjoyed by poets; though we fear the author of the Ex-
tions of Jehovah.—there is such a beavenly, sweet frame of mind position of the "False Medium" has had but little op-
exhibited, so much spirituality, and such love for the Redeemner.portunity as yet of testing the value of the true "medium.'
as to render this commentary one of peculiar fitness for family
reading."
Mr. Horne was married in 1847 to Miss Foggo, the daugh-
ter of the artist, and for some time afterwards enjoyed an
enviable seclusion in a cottage near Findley. 1. Cosmo de
Medici; an Historical' Tragedy, 1837, 8vo. 2. The Death
of Marlowe; a Tragedy, 1838, r. Svo. 3. The Death
Fetch. 4. Adventures of a London Doll, 16mo. 5. The
Good-natured Bear; a Story for Children, 16mo. 6. Ex-
position of the False Medium, and Barriers excluding Men
of Genius from the Public, 1838, p. Svo. 7. The Poor
Artist; or, Seven Eye-Sights and One Object, 12mo. 8.
Gregory the Seventh; a Tragedy, 1840, 8vo. Prefixed is
an Essay on Tragic Influence, which has been highly com-
mended. It is said that Mr. Horne considers Gregory the
Seventh to be his best dramatic production. 9. Life of
Napoleon, 1841, 2 vols. r. 8vo; 500 illustrations. New
ed., 1847. 10. Orion; an Epic Poem, 1843. Several
edits., the first of which was pub. at a farthing, -a "price
placed upon it as a sarcasm upon the low estimation into
which epic poetry has fallen."
"This writer seems to have had as much devotion and regard
for the grand principles of Christianity as command respect; but
few evangelical preachers, notwithstanding, would like to take
him for a pattern."-Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
"The sacred discourses of the amiable Horne recommend the
duties of that religion of which he was so bright an ornament, in
a sweet and lively style."-Historical View of Eng. Lit.: Good-
hugh's Eng. Gent?'s Lib. Man.
"They evince an uncommon warmth of piety, and are calculated
to produce it."—British Critic.
"Sensible, practical, and animated. He addresses himself more
to the heart than is commonly done, and consequently his Dis-
courses are more calculated to answer the end of preaching. They
are agreeably instructive and edifying, manifesting the pious and
good heart of the writer."-Lon. Month. Rev.
Opinions on the Commentary on the Psalms:
“His Commentary on the Psalms is his capital performance, and
the one by which he will be known so long as piety and elegant
learning are loved in England. It is altogether a beautiful work.
The preface is a master-piece of composition and good sense. The
exposition implies more learning and research than it displays;
and the views of Christian doctrine contained in it are generally
very correct. Perhaps he carries his applications to the Messiah
and his church occasionally rather far; but this is less hurtful
than the opposite extreme, which has more generally been
adopted."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
The variety and number of the editions of this learned and
pious work sufficiently attest the very high estimation in which
it is held: the critics of the day. however. when it first appeared,
were of opinion that Bishop Horne applied too many of the Psalms
to the Messiah."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
"Horne's Commentary on the Book of Psalms is of use chiefly
for its devotional tendency."-Williams's C. P.
"His Commentary on the Psalms has long been a refreshing
and delightful companion in the Christian's retirement.”—Bick-
ersteth's C. S
"It is a truly evangelical and most valuable work, generally
commended and admired for the vein of spirituality and devotion
which runs through it, as well as for the elegant taste displayed
in the illustration of difficult passages. The author's design is to
illustrate the historical sense of the Psalms as they relate to King
David and the people of Israel; and to point out their application
to the Messiah, to the Church, and to individuals as members of
the Church."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
enable us to forsake sin and to follow after righteousness,-what
is it but to put together the wheels and set the hands of a watch,
forgetting the spring which is to make them all go?".
For further information respecting this excellent man,
see his Life, by Jones; Encyc. Brit.; Sir Wm. Forbes's
Life of Dr. Beattie; Boswell's Life of Johnson; Lon.
Gent. Mag., vols. lxii., lxiii., lxvi. He was a friend of
Dr. Johnson's, and penned a tribute to his memory, (in
the Olla Podrida;) and Johnson's biographer has left on
record an honourable testimony to the charactor of the
subject of our notice:
"A delightful amplification of the music of Zion, wherein every
phrase is spiritualized, every prophetic and recondite meaning
pointed out."-Grant's English Church.
Bishop Horne's description of a censurable style of
preaching, too common even in our own days, has been
already referred to in an extract from Bickersteth's Chris-
tian Student. The bishop's remarks are well worthy of
quotation:
"To preach practical sermons, as they are called.—that is, ser-
mons upon virtues and vices, without inculcating those great
feripture truths of redemption, grace, &c., which alone incite and
"We [Johnson and Boswell] drank tea with Dr. Horne, late
President of Magdalen College and Bishop of Norwich, of whoso
abilities in different respects the public has had eminent proofs,
and the esteem annexed to whose character was increased by
knowing him personally."-Ubi supra.
Three large editions were sold at a farthing per copy.
the 4th ed. was raised to a shilling per copy, and the 5th
to half a crown.
"It is said that one day, when the author was sitting in Mr
Miller's the publisher's shop, a boy came in, and shouted out, in
a nonchalant voice, A penn'orth of epics,' throwing a penny.
down on the counter.”
Now, this anecdote may be true: therefore, it does not
become us to deny it. We may be allowed, however, to
remark, in passing, that it fits in as well as if it had been
"made on purpose." A very elaborate and most eulo-
gistic review of Orion will be found in Poe's Literati. We
hope the reader has time to peruse it; certain it is that we
have no space to quote it.
11. A New Spirit of the Age, 1844, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Partly
written and edited by R. H. Horne. The 2d ed. contains
Introductory Comments upon Certain Criticisms that had
appeared on the work.
The volumes are illustrated with engravings on steel,
from new and original portraits, of Dickens, Tennyson,
Carlyle, Wordsworth, Talfourd, Browning, Southwood
Smith, and Miss Martineau.
"In the biographical sketches the editor has carefully excluded
888
HOR
HOR
all disagreeable personalities and all unwarrantable anecdotes.
The criticisms are entirely on abstract grounds. He may be often
wrong, but it is with a clear conscience."-Elitor's Preface.
Among the "celebrities" noticed in this work will be
found Charles Dickens, Lord Ashley, Dr. Southwood
Smith, Sir E. L. Bulwer, Alfred Tennyson, Sheridan
Knowles, Mr. Macready, Thomas Ingoldsby, W. H. Ains.
worth, T. B. Macaulay, G. P. R. James, Mrs. Gore, Captain
Marryat, Mrs. Trollope, Walter Savage Landor, William
and Mary Howitt, Thomas Hood, Theodore Hook, Harriet
Martineau, Mrs. Jameson, Dr. Pusey, Mr. Sergeant Tal-
fourd, Mrs. Norton, Miss E. B. Barrett, Rev. Sydney Smith,
A. Fonblanque, Douglas Jerrold, W. Wordsworth, Leigh
Hunt, Robert Browning, J. W. Marston, Mrs. Shelley,
Thomas Carlyle, Rev. Robert Montgomery, Banim, and
the Irish Novelists. See Westminster Rev., xli. 357;
Democratic Rev., xv. 49; South. Quar. Rev., vii. 312; xv.
41; South. Lit. Mess., xi. 55.
12. Spirit of Peers and People, p. 8vo. 13. Ballads and
Romances, 1846, 12mo.
"Horne, the author of the fine poem of Orion, and of ballads
full of vigour, originality, and a sound and healthy sentiment."
Howill's Homes and Haunts of the most Eminent British Poels.
14. Judas Iscariot, a Miracle Play; with Poems, 1848,
fp. 8vo. Judas Iscariot is founded upon a most untenable
hypothesis because one directly opposed to Scripture.
15. The Dreamer and the Worker, 1851, 2 vols. p. 8vo. We
trust that our poet "worker" will return from the gold-
fields of Australia with substantial evidences of something
better than "dreams" as the employment of his exiled
hours. Mr. Horne is also the author of an Introduction
to Schlegel's Lectures on Dramatic Literature and Art,
was the associate of Wordsworth, Leigh Hunt, Miss Bar-
rett, and others, in the production of Chaucer Modernized,
was for some time editor of the Monthly Repository, and
has been a contributor to the Church of England Quar-
terly Review, the New Quarterly Review, and other
periodicals. Among his essays in the Church of England
Quarterly, we may instance those on Poetical Contrasts,
and on Albertus Magnus; and, of those in the New Quar-
terly, it may be sufficient to name the article on Chinese
Characteristics, and that on The Dramatic Mind of
Europe.
Horne, Robert, d. 1580, Dean of Durham, was con-
secrated Bishop of Winchester, Feb. 1560-61. An Answer
to Fekenham's Declaration of Scruples of Conscience
touching the Oaths of Supremacy, Lon., 1566, 4to.
Horne, Robert. Certain Sermons on the Rich Man
and Lazarus, Lon., 1619, 4to.
Horne, Thomas. 1. Janua Linguarum; or, A Col-
lection of Latin Sentences, with the English of them. Lon.,
1634, Svo. 2. Manductio in ædem Palladis; qua Utilis-
simu Methodus Authores bonos legendi indigiatur, 1641,
Svo.
Horne, Thomas, D.D., Vicar of Kilkington, Here-
fordshire, Chaplain of St. Saviour's, Southwark. 1. Fast
Serm. on Prov. xiv. 34, Lon., 1778, 4to. 2. Reflections
on the Sabbath, 1796, Svo. 3. Serms. on Rom. viii. 31,
1803, Svo.
Horne, Thomas. 1. Hist. of the Rise and Progress
of the Belgian Republic until the Revolution under Philip
II.; from the German of Schiller, Lon., 1807, 12mo.
•
Schiller, uniting the ardour of a soidier to the soul of a states-
man and the hand of an historian, has portrayed the shades of
former times with dramatic power, and in a noble spirit.”—SIR
ARCHIBALD ALISON: Hist. of Europe.
2. Memoirs of Nature and Art; from the German of
Goethe, 1808, 3 vols. Svo. An anonymous abridgt. and
trans. of the same, 1807, 3 vols. 12mo. 4. Essays and
Tales; from the German of Engel, 1808, 12mo.
Horne, Thomas, Rector of St. Catherine, Colman.
The Religious Necessity of the Reformation Asserted, and
the Extent to which it was carried in the Church of Eng-
land Vindicated, in eight Serms. preached at the Bampton
Lects., 1828, Oxford, 1828, 8vo.
"One of the most able, most liberal, and most convincing
treatises in defence of our church, and of all Protestant churches
in general which yet retain the truth as it is in Christ, that it
has ever fallen to our lot to notice or peruse; which we recom-
mend, without compromise or drawback of any kind, to all who
desire to read a work equally deserving of attention as to its style
as well as the important nature of the topic of which it treats.”-
Lon. Chris. Remembrancer.
Horne, Thomas Hartwell, D.D., b. Oct. 20, 1780,
received the rudiments of a classical education between
the years 1789 and '95 in the royal and ancient founda-
tion of Christ's Hospital, where, for two years, he was
contemporary with Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Having
attained the rank of Deputy-Grecian, (the second highest
class in the upper grammar-school,) he quitted Christ's
;
Hospital at the age of fifteen years, having no opportunity
of proceeding to the university. The eldest of six orphans,
small of stature, and not robust, he was unfitted for any
employment requiring physical strength; and eight years
of his life were spent in the humble situation of a clerk
to barristers. As he had a good deal of time at his com-
mand during the first five years of his career, he diligently
improved himself by solitary study, and acquired an in-
sight into the law of England, which he was afterwards
enabled to turn to account in editing various law-books.
The very narrow income which he received as a barrister's
clerk early led Mr. Horne to direct his attention to litera-
ture as a means of support. His first publication was A
Brief View of the Necessity and Truth of the Christian
Revelation, written when he was only eighteen, and pub-
lished in 1800, in his nineteenth year. The publication
of this little manual led him to the diligent and prayer-
ful study of the Scriptures, and eventually induced him
to undertake the work by which he is best known in this
country as well as in England, and, indeed, wherever the
English language is spoken or read. We mean the Intro
duction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy
Scriptures. In the preface to this work, Mr. Horne states
that it
"Originated in his own wants at an early period of life, when
he stood in need of a guide to the reading of the Holy Scriptures,
which would not ouly furnish him with a general introduction to
them, but would also enable him to solve apparent contradictions,
and to study the Bible with that attention which its importance
demands."
At that time he
"Had no friend to assist his studies or remove his doubts, nor
any means of procuring critical works. At length a list of the
more eminent foreign Biblical critics fell into his hands, and di-
rected him to some of those sources of information which he was
seeking. He then resolved to procure sub of them as his very
limited means would permit, with the desiga, in the first instance,
of satisfying his own mind on those topics which had perplexed
him, and, ultimately, of laying before the public the result of bis
inquiries, should no treatise appear that might supersede such a
publication."—Vol. i. Pref., pp. ix.. x.
The idea thus conceived fifty-eight years ago has been
steadily kept in view to the present time. The foundation
and much of the subsequent composition of this work
were laid, for the most part, in solitary midnight study.
However much and variously he was engaged in literary
toil for his daily bread, (as the subjoined list of his publica-
tions will attest,) the Introduction to the Study of the
Scriptures was the first and chief object of his thoughts.
The 1st edition of it appeared in 1818 in 3 vols. Svo, which
in subsequent editions were enlarged into five thick octavo
volumes. It immediately took its station in literature as
THE Class-Book for the study of the Scriptures in all the
colleges and universities in the British dominions. The
author has been spared to see the publication of the 10th
edition in 1856,-thirty-eight years after the publication
of the 1st edition,-and to receive increasing testimonies
of its utility to all classes of readers, but especially to
ministers and students for the ministry. From the very
numerous critical testimonies in favour of this invaluable
work, we select the following:
-
The first edition:
"Of all the works which of late years have been presented to
the notice of the Biblical student, this is one of the most correct
and useful. It is an encyclopædia of theological knowledge. It
is a complete abridgment of many extensive treatises of the most
celebrated divines both of our own and foreign countries; and it
entitles its author to the gratitude and approbation of every lover
of the sacred volume."-Classical Journal, Sept. 1819.
This elaborate work reflects great credit on the learning and
industry of its author, and is, upon the whole, well calculated to
answer the purposes for which it was designed.”—British Critic,
June, 1819.
"It is saying much,—yet, as far as our knowledge of Biblical works
extends, not too much,—to assert of these volumes, that they cou-
stitute the most important theological publication of their kind
which has appeared in this or any other country for some years.
and even those students in divinity whose pecuniary resources
.. No well-assorted theological library can be long without it;
the score of economy, to include these volumes in their library,”
are too limited to admit of wanton expenditure would do weli, on
-Christian Observer, November, 1819.
This work contains every information which the general reader
of Scripture can possibly require; but to clergymen, and to those
and (what is no mean consideration) it is also a cheap one."-Lite
who are preparing for the sacred office. it is an invaluable manual;
rary Panorama, September, 1818.
It is all it pretends to be, and even more, being written with
a judicious perspicuity, and executed with a degree of correctness
that we do not often witness.”—Evangelical Magazine, Oct. 1818.
The second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth editions :
(C
Upon the whole, it is a very useful publication. and does great
credit to the industry and researches of the indefatigable author."
Bible, pp. 52, 53, ed. of 1828.
-Bishop Marsh's Lectures on the Criticism and Interpretation of the
“I would advise the younger clergy, and candidates for Holy
889
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Orders, to acquaint themselves, in an early stage of their critical need a formal introduction to the notice of either lay or clerical
researches, with Horne's Introduction to the Study of the Scrip-readers. The appearance of a ninth edition sufficiently attests the
ture; a work which in itself comprises a body of critical theology, estimation in which it is deservedly held: nor do we hazard too
and which introduces the reader to the best sources of informa much when wo assert that it has undoubtedly raised the character
tion.”—Bishop Jebli's Primary Charge to the Olergy of the Diocese of theological and Biblical literature throughout Christendom.
of Limerick, in 1823, p. 10, (Dublin, 1823.)
There is, in fact, scarcely a single question relating to the study
of the Scriptures, which Mr. Horne has not ably discussed and
satisfactorily settled. Ilis Introduction is one of those works with
which Biblical students and candidates for Holy Orders cannot
too soon make themselves thoroughly acquainted, and the acqui
sition of which they will never regret."-Church and State Gazelle,
1846.
“T. Hartwell Horne has not only analyzed with extraordinary
diligence all the principal writers on the Evidences of Christianity,
but has supplied the defects of many of them, by enforcing those
moral and religious considerations arising from the intrinsic ex-
cellency of Christianity and the responsibility of man, which, in
the author's judgment, are so unspeakably important."-Bishop |
Wilson's (of Calcutta) Lectures on the Evidences of Christianity, vol.
i., Pref., p. xiv.
vi
Such a monument of successful industry and luminous ar-
rangement as the present age has seldom seen; a copious instruc-
tion for every young theologian, and an ample treasure of reminis-this
cence to the most accomplished.”—Archdeacım Nares's Visitation
Sermon before the Archdeacon and Clergy of the City of London, in
1823, p. 24.
"So comprehensive and complete as quite to supersede many
works that would otherwise have been necessary."-Bickersteth's
Christian Student, p. 454. (London, 1829.)
6.
Great advantages may be derived from the repeated perusal of
Horne's Introduction to the Critical Study of the Scriptures. in 4
vols. 8vo.... It contains much invaluable information respecting
the ancient manuscripts and versions of the sacred books, the care
with which they were preserved before the invention of printing,
the manner in which they have been transmitted to our own times.
together with a full view of Jewish Antiquities, and a suitable in-
troduction to prepare the reader for entering on the study of each
Inspired book.”—Gibbs's Directions for Searching the Scriptures, p.
38. (Edinburgh, 1828.)
Ouvrage important, qui réunit de nombreux renseignemens
géographiques, historiques, bibliographiques, et critiques, relatifs
à la littérature biblique."-BRUNET: Supplément au Munuel du
Libraire, tom. ii. p. 200, (Paris, 1834, 8vo.)
Besides the ten editions printed in England, Mr. Horne's
work has been repeatedly reprinted in the United States,
but without any pecuniary advantage to the author, in
2 vols. imp. Svo, and also in 4 vols. Svo, to the amount of
many thousand copies; which, added to the aggregate
Read Hartwell Horne. This is an invaluable book for a young number of 15,000 copies of the first nine London editions,
man: and you must not lay him aside till you have fully digested exhibits an unprecedented sale for a work of this cha-
his admirable compilations, to guide you in more discursive read.racter; especially when the bulk and price are considered.
ing hereafter."-Letter to a Young Man matriculating at the Uni- This extensive circulation may be ascribed, in part at
versity: Domestic Portroiture, &c., p. 128, (London, Svo. 1833.)
Every Biblical student may be congratulated on the opportu- least, to the facts that the Introduction has throughout
nity which he possesses of acquiring, in these approved volumes, been the joint result of prayer and indefatigable study,
the most comprehensive digest of Biblical erudition extant in Eng- regardless of expense in procuring the requisite critical
lish Literature.”—Lon. Eclectic Keview, January, 1822.
aids, and that it is not a sectarian work. Christians of
every denomination have studied it to their great advan-
tage; and Mr. Horne, in the course of his long life (he is
now in the 78th year of his age) has been permitted to
receive not a few testimonies from persons who have been
preserved or rescued from infidelity by his labours. Mr.
6.
“One of the most valuable works that exists in this or any other
language."-Edinburgh Christian Instructor, May. 1833.
The seventh edition:
"It augurs well for the cause of Biblical Literature in this Kennedy, the biographer of our distinguished countryman,
William Wirt, states that
country, that edition after edition of this important and increas
ingly-valuable work should so rapidly issue from the press. When
the laborious and learned author entered the field. it was compara-
tively unoccupied; and now, after the lapse of fifteen years. not-
withstanding all that has been done for promoting the critical
study and knowledge of the Bible among us. he may still be said
to occupy it unrivalled and alone. During the whole of that pe-
riod he has evidently availed himself of every new source that has
been opened, from which to derive improvements; diligently can-
vassed the pages both of domestic and foreign literature; re-exa-
mined authorities and quotations; and left no measure unem-
ployed by which his work might receive that degree of perfection
of which, from the nature of the circumstances, it was susceptible."
– Congregational Magazine. September, 1834.
"A work which is beyond all contradiction the most valuable
introduction to the Sacred Writings which has been ever pub-
lished. It is a storehouse of Biblical learning; and we recom-
mend it the more cordially to our readers, as it may be put into
the hands of students with the most perfect safety."-Christian
Remembrancer, October. 1834.
The eighth edition:
"It is needless that we should say any thing to commend such
a publication. It is one of the first books which should be secured
by the young minister; and the intelligent and reading of every
class, ministers and laymen, will find ample reward in the perusal
of its richly-stored pages.”—Lon. Eclectic Review, April, 1839.
"These admirable volumes are too well known to require either
description or recommendation: their character is now established,
both as a standard work and as a complete encyclopædia of Bibli-
cal knowledge. . . . The publication of this new and improved
edition will afford the opportunity to a number of persons, candi-
dates for the ministry or otherwise, to become purchasers. Young
ministers and students ought to possess it. Instead of that de-
sultory and superficial reading, which imparts much less infor-
mation than it seems to do, and leaves the mind undisciplined,
•••
they ought to lay before them (in connexion with suitable works
In doctrinal theology) Mr. Horne's text-book of a vast subject, and
diligently and patiently pursue the subject for two or three years.
But we see no necessity for confining the work to ministers and
ministerial students.... We recommend Mr. Horne's work as a
family work, to which youthful members may have access,
with which they may become thoroughly acquainted."-Wesleyan-
Methodist Magazine, March, 1839.
In every theological library this work is indispensable. It
contains a singular display of good sense and persevering indus-
try, and is by far the most complete publication of the kind that
ever issued from the British press, or perhaps in any language.
There is scarcely a question relating to the study of the iloly
Scriptures, which is not here discussed in an able and satisfactory
manner. As long as a taste for sound Biblical Literature shall be
cherished, this work will secure for its author the highest esteem
and grateful respect.”—Second Appendix to Dr. Williams's Chris-
tian Preacher, 5th edition, p. 355, (London, 1843.)
66
The 10th edition passed through the press in the samo
month as that in which this article was written, (Nov. 1856.)
Our own obligations to this work in the preparation of
Dictionary will be best understood by the many refer-
ences to the INTRODUCTION scattered through our pages;
though these extracts, valuable as they are, do not fully
express the amount of our indebtedness to this admirable
repository of Biblical literature. The tone of Christian
charity and gentlemanly courtesy, united with a zealous
defence of what he believes to be sound doctrine, which
distinguishes the criticisms of Dr. Horne, cannot escape
the notice of the readers of the INTRODUCTION.
••
"To Horne's Introduction, particularly, he was accustomed to
express his obligations for the conviction of his own mind; and
he never lost an opportunity of commending it to a friend.”
In his letters to his children, among other books on the
subject of religion, he
"Urged them to the careful perusal of Horne's Introduction to
the Critical Study of the Scriptures."-Kennedy's Memoirs of W.
Wirt, vol. ii. p. 388.
It has, in fact, conduced more than any other modern.
work to the enlarged study of sacred literature; and
eventually it led to the realization of Mr. Horne's long-
cherished wish of devoting himself to the ministry in the
Church of England. The death of his parents having
prevented him from prosecuting his studies at either of
the English universities, Dr. Howley, at that time Bishop
of London, disregarded his want of an English academical
degree, and, considering his Introduction as an appro-
priate and honourable passport to Holy Orders, ordained him
in 1819. In the preceding year the University of King's Col-
lege, Aberdeen, conferred on Mr. Horne the degree of M.A.
In 1829 Mr. Horne performed the academical exercises
required by the University Statutes, and proceeded to the
degree of B.D. in the University of Cambridge; and in
1841 the University of Pennsylvania conferred upon Mr.
H. the degree of D.D. In 1833 Dr. Howley (then Arch-
bishop of Canterbury) presented him to the rectory of St.
Edmund-the-King with St. Nicholas Acons, in the city
of London, as a small token of his esteem for Mr. Horne's
personal worth, and his sense of the services which Mr.
H. had rendered by his works to the theological and Bibli-
cal student. Dr. Blomfield, Bishop of London, had pre-
viously collated him to the prebend of Sneating, in the
Cathedral of St. Paul, as a mark of the esteem which the
bishop entertained of the value of those services which
Mr. Horne had rendered to the cause of Christianity by his
different publications, especially his Introduction to the
Study of the Scriptures. As the population of the United
Parishes (of which Mr. II. is rector) is small, be has found
time to produce many valuable publications, and also to
keep up an extensive correspondence with literary men,
and especially with those who are engaged in controversy
with the advocates of the modern Church of Rome.
Several of his publications were written primarily for the
edification of his parishioners and their families, by whom
they were gratefully received and acknowledged. It only
Ninth edition:
"Mr. Horne's great work has been too long before the public to remains to state, in concluding this notice of Mr. Horne's
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literary career, that in 1809 he was elected Sub-Librarian
of the Surrey Institution, which office he held until the
institution was dissolved for want of the requisite funds,
in 1823. In 1824 he was applied to, and eventually en-
gaged, by the then Trustees of the British Museum, to
undertake a classed catalogue of that library. For their
consideration, and by their desire, he drew up the Outlines
for the Classification of a Library, which were printed in
1825. After very considerable progress had been made in
that classed catalogue, it was suspended for a new General
Alphabetical Catalogue, which is now in progress, and
on which Mr. Horne is still employed as an Assistant
Librarian. If that classed cataloguc had been completed,
it would, on a large scale, have been what Mr. Horne's
valuable classed catalogue of Queen's College Library,
Cambridge, is on a smaller scale. The following is a cor-
reet list of Mr. Horne's publications:
1. A Brief View of the Necessity and Truth of the Chris-
tian Revelation. Lon., 1800; 2d ed., 1802, 8vo.
2. A View of the Commerce of Greece, by Felix Beau-
jour; translated from the French, 1800, 8vo.
3. An Essay on Privateers, Captures, and Recaptures,
according to the Laws, Trenties, and Usages of the Mari-
time Powers of Europe, by M. de Martens. To which is
subjoined a Discourse, in which the Rights and Duties
of Neutral Powers are briefly stated; translated from the
French, 1801.
4. A Compendium of the Statute Laws and Regulations
of the Court of Admiralty relative to Ships of War, Pri-
vateers, Prizes, Recaptures, and Prize-Money; with an
Appendix of Precedents, 1803, 12mo.
5. Wallis's Pocket Itinerary; being a New and Accurate
Guide to all the Principal, Direct, and Cross-Roads through-
out England, Wales, and Scotland, 1803, 18mo. Anon.
6. A Treatise on Captures in War, by Richard Lee, Esq.;
2d ed., corrected, with additional Notes by Mr. Horne,
1803, 8vo.
7. Hints on the Formation and Management of Sunday-
Schools, 1807, 12mo. Anon.
8. A Reading upon the Statute of Sewers, by Robert
Callis, Sergeant-at-Law; 4th ed., corrected and enlarged
by Mr. Horne, 1810, r. Svo.
9. Bibliotheca Legum; or, a Complete Catalogue of the
Common and Statute Law-Books of the United Kingdom,
arranged in a new manner, by John Clarke. The mate-
rials were collected by the publisher, Mr. Clarke; but the
whole were arranged, corrected, and edited by Mr. Horne,
1810, 8vo. See CLARKE, JOHN.
10. A Catalogue of the Library of the Surrey Institution,
methodically arranged, 1811; 2d ed., 1812, Svo. Anon.
23. Outlines for the Classification of a Library, respect-
fully submitted to the consideration of the Trustees of the
British Museum, by Mr. Horne, 1825, 4to.
24. A Catalogue of the Library of the College of St.
Bernard and St. Margaret, commonly called Queen's Col-
lege, in the University of Cambridge; methodically ar-
ranged, 1827, 2 vols. r. Svo.
The mate- ranged, 1827, 2 vols. r. Svo. This catalogue is classified
according to the principles and order developed in the
preceding Outlines for the Classification of a Library.
25. Romanism contradictory to the Bible; or, the Pecu-
liar Tenets of the Church of Rome, as exhibited in her
accredited Formularies, contrasted with the Holy Scrip-
tures, Lon., 1827, 8vo. Translated into Spanish by the
Rev. W. H. Rule, and printed at Gibraltar in 1840.
26. A Compendious Introduction to the Study of the
Bible; being an Analysis of the Introduction to the Criti-
cal Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, Lon.,
1827, 12mo. Reprinted at Boston, Mass., 1827, 12mo;
9th ed., 1852, 12mo. This is an abridgment of Mr. Horne's
larger Introduction.
27. A Manual of Parochial Psalmody, adapted to the
services of the Church for every Sunday, &c. throughout
the Year, Lon., 1829; 40th ed., 1856, 18mo; also eds. in
12mo and 32mo.
28. A Selection (by Mr. Horne) of Psalm and Hymn-
Tunes, by the Best Composers, antient and modern: the
whole harmonized and arranged for the Manual of Paro-
chial Psalmody, by Thomas Henshaw, 1829. New ed.,
1852, ob. Sro.
29. The Conversion of St. Paul a Proof of the Truth of
the Christian Revelation, 1831, 8vo. An anonymous Tract,
written for the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.
30. A Manual for the Afflicted; comprising a Practical
Essay on Afflictions, and a Series of Meditations and
Prayers for those who are in sorrow, trouble, need, sick-
ness, or any other adversity, 1832; 3d ed., 1842, 18mo.
Reprinted at Boston, Mass., 1833, 18mo.
31. Bibliographical Notes on the Book of Jasher, Lon.,
1833, 8vo. This detection of a gross literary forgery was
subsequently incorporated in the fifth or bibliographical
volume of the Introduction to the Critical Study of the
Scriptures.
11. A Catalogue of the Harleian Manuscripts in the
British Museum, classed according to their Subject-Matter;
forming the 4th vol. of the Catalogue of the Harleian Manu-
scripts, 1812, Svo.
12. An Introduction to the Study of Bibliography; to
which is prefixed a Memoir on the Public Libraries of the
Antients, 1814, 2 vols. 8vo.
13. A Compendious Law Dictionary, by Thomas Potts;
a new ed., carefully revised, corrected, and enlarged, by
Mr. Horne, 1815, Svo and 12mo.
14. An Illustrated Record of Important Events in the
Annals of Europe during the years 1812, '13, '14, and '15,
fol. Anon.
15. The Lakes of Lancashire, Westmoreland, and Cum-
berland, delineated in 43 Engravings after the Drawings
of Joseph Farington, R.A.; with Descriptions, Historical,
Topographical, and Picturesque, the result of a Tour made
by T. H. Horne in the year 1816, 1816, fol.
16. The History of the Mohammedan Empire in Spain;
designed as an Introduction to the Arabian Antiquities of
Spain, by James Cavanagh Murphy, 1816, 4to. This vo-
lume was written in conjunction with John Gillies, LL.D.,
and Mr. Professor John Shakspear, of the East India Col-
lege. One-half of this volume was contributed by Mr.
Horne; who also edited Mr. Murphy's Arabian Antiquities
of Spain, 1816, fol., Mr. M. having died without leaving
any materials for the descriptions of the engravings.
17. An Analysis of the Picture of the Transfiguration,
by Raffaello Sanzio d'Urbino; translated from the French
of S. C. Croze-Maignan, by Mr. Horne, with the Remarks
and Observations of Vasari, Mengs, Reynolds, Fuseli, and
other distinguished artists, 1817, fol.
Davidson, D.D., LL.D., and of Samuel Prideaux Tregel-
les, LL.D., 1856, 4 vols. in 5, 8vo, (vide ante.) In the 10th
ed., the valuable bibliographical volume of Mr. Horne has
been necessarily (though on his part most reluctantly)
omitted in order to make room for much new critical mat-
ter. Part of Mr. Horne's first volume, on the Internal
Evidences of the Inspiration of the Scriptures, was trans-
lated into Romaic, or modern Greek, by Professor Nicholas
Bambas, (afterwards of the University of Athens,) and
published in 1834, at Hermopolis, in the island of Syra,
and was largely circulated in Greece. The translation
is entitled, Εσωτερικαι έναργειαι της έμπνεσεως των γραφών.
Θεωρία ὠφελιμωτατη εἰς παντα ἀνθρώπων, ἐκ του Αγγλικού μετα-
partina úño N. Bauẞa. Εν Ερμοπόλει, αυλό.
19. Deism Refuted; or, Plain Reasons for being a Chris-
tian, Lon., 1819, 12mo. Reprinted at Philadelphia, 1820,
12mo; 6th ed., Lon., 1826, 12mo. This little volume, with
Mr. Horne's permission, contributed five tracts to the series
published by the London Religious Tract Society, viz.:
Nos. 316, 318, 319, 321, and 701.
20. The Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity briefly stated
and defended, and the Church of England vindicated from
the charge of Uncharitableness in retaining the Athana-
sian Creed, 1820; 2d ed., corrected, 1826, 12mo.
21. Commentaries on the Roman-Dutch Law, by Simon
van Leeuwen, LL.D.; translated from the Dutch by a
Cingalese Modeliar, or Native Magistrate: collated through
out with Van Leeuwen's Censura Forensis, and edited,
with numerous additional references to the Text-Books on
the Roman Civil Law, by Mr. Horne, 1820, r. 8vo. Nearly
the whole edition of this work was sent to the island of
Ceylon, where it is of the highest authority.
22. The Works of William Hogarth, (including the
Analysis of Beauty,) elucidated by Descriptions, critical,
moral, and historical; to which is prefixed' Some Account
of his Life, by Mr. Horne. The engravings were executed
by Thomas Clerk, an engraver at Edinburgh, 1821, 2 vols.
Svo.
18. An Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge
of the Holy Scriptures, with Maps and Fac-Similes of
Biblical Manuscripts, 1818, 3 vols. 8vo; 9th ed., revised,
corrected, and enlarged, by Mr. Horne, 1846, 5 large vols.
8vo; 10th ed, by Mr. Horne, with the assistance of Samuel
I
32. A Concise History and Analysis of the Athanasian
Creed, with Select Scripture Proofs, and answers to some
common objections, 1834; 2d ed., 1837, 18mo.
33. A Protestant Memorial; comprising-I. A Concise
Historical Sketch of the Reformation; II. The Antiquity
of the Religion of Protestants Demonstrated; III. The
Safety of adhering to the Protestant Church, and the Dan
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ger of continuing in the Church of Rome; IV. Romanism,
or the System of Doctrine and Precepts maintained and,
inculcated by the Church of Rome, contradictory to the
Bible, 1835; 10th ed., enlarged, 1850, 12mo.
34. Landscape Illustrations of the Bible; from Original
Sketches taken on the Spot and engraved by W. and E.
Finden, with Descriptions by Mr. Horne, 1836, 2 vols.
8vo, and fol. The Biblical Keepsake; a new ed. of the
preceding work, with additions and corrections, 1835-37,
3 vols. 8vo.
35. A Manual of Biblical Bibliography, 1839, Svo. This
is a separate edition of the fifth or bibliographical volume
of the eighth edition of Mr. Horne's Introduction to the
Study of the Scriptures: it was published by request, for
the accommodation of book buyers and booksellers.
36. The Principles of Popery Developed, in a juridical
and historical investigation of the Gunpowder-Conspiracy;
reprinted from the Church of England Quarterly Review,
1840, Svo. Anon.
37. Mariolatry; or, Facts and Evidences demonstrating
the Worship of the Virgin Mary by the Church of Rome,
1840, Svo. Anon. Reprinted, with additions and correc-
tions furnished by Mr. Horne to the American editor, the
Rev. S. F. Jarvis, D.D., Hartford, Conn., 1844, 8vo.
38. A new edition, with corrections and additions, of
Dr. J. Williams's (Bishop of Chichester) Brief Exposition
of the Church Catechism, with Scripture-Proofs, Lon.,
1841, 12mo.
39. Popery the Enemy and Falsifier of Scripture; or,
Facts and Evidences illustrative of the conduct of the
Modern Church of Rome, in prohibiting the Reading and
Circulation of the Holy Scriptures in the Vulgar Tongue,
and also of the Falsification of the Sacred Text in Trans-
lations executed by Romanists, 1844, 8vo. Anon. 2d ed.,
corrected and enlarged, 1845, 18mo.
·
40. Popery Delineated; or, a Brief Examination and
Confutation of the Unscriptural and Anti-Scriptural Doc-
trines and Practices maintained and inculcated by the
Modern Church of Rome, 1848, Svo. Anon.
41. The Communicant's Companion; comprising an His-
torical Essay on the Lord's Supper, with Meditations and
Prayers for the use of Communicants, 1855, 32mo.
Besides numerous sermons communicated to different
journals, Mr. Horne has also published the following
following
single sermons on various public occasions:
42. The Conformity of the Church of England, in her
Ministry, Doctrine, and Liturgy, to the Apostolic Precept
and Pattern; to which is added an Address on the Origin
and Use of Confessions of Faith generally, and of the
Confession of Faith of the United Church of England and
Ireland in particular, 1834; 3d ed., corrected and enlarged,
1835, 8vo.
!
1800, Svo. 3. Contention for the Faith, 1806, 8vo. 4. Life
of Rev. J. Bradford, Svo. 5. Two Poems, 1812, 12mo.
Horne, Wm. A Catechism, Lon., 1590, 8vo.
Horneck, Anthony, D.D., 1641-1696, a native of
Bacharach, in the Lower Palatinate, studied at Heidel-
berg, and was entered at Queen's Coll., Oxf., 1663; Vicar
of All-Saints, Oxf., 1663; became Preb. of Exeter, and
subsequently of Westminster and Wells; Preacher in the
Savoy, 1671. He was a man of great piety and profound
learning. He was the author of a number of serms. and
theolog. treatises, of which the following are the best-
known: 1. The Great Law of Consideration, Lon., 1677,
Svo; 11th ed., 1729, Svo. New ed., 1840, Svo.
“Devout and edifying.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
43. Jewish and Christian Privileges Compared; Chris-
tian Diligence; Patriotism a Religious Duty: Three
Three
Sermons preached before the Lord-Mayor, Judges, and
Members of the Corporation of the City of London, in the
year 1837, 1837, 4to.
44. The Sovereign's Prayer and the People's Duty; a
Sermon on occasion of the Coronation of Queen Victoria,
1838, 8vo.
45. National Piety and National Prosperity inseparably
connected; a Fast-Day Serinon, delivered April 26, 1854,
1854, 8vo.
Dr. Horne has further contributed numerous Historico-
Ecclesiastical and Literary Articles to the Encyclopædia |
Metropolitana; and also many articles to critical journals,
exposing the Principles, Doctrines, and Practices of the
Modern Church of Rome.
When the character, the number, and the extensive cir-
culation of Dr. Horne's works are duly considered, we shall
hardly be accused of exaggeration when we express our
conviction that a more useful uninspired writer has seldom
appeared among men. The influence of his excellent
Introduction to the Study and Knowledge of the Holy
Scriptures (to instance only the most important of his
works) has now for a period of nearly forty years directed
the instructions and moulded the lives of thousands of
the clergy and hundreds of thousands of the laity of
two hemispheres. He has now attained the ripe age of
seventy-eight. May be live to see the publication of this
Dictionary, in the progress of which kindred pursuits and
an expansive benevolence of heart have led him to take
a lively interest. He was one of our earliest guides in
Bibliography: we very naturally wish him to behold the
matured fruits of our anxious toils.
Horne, W. W., minister, Wood Street, Cheapside,
Lendon. 1. New Songs of Sion, 1794, 8vo. 2. Two Serms.,
2. The Happy Ascetick, Lon., 1681, Svo; 3d ed., 1693,
3. The Fire of the Altar, 1683,
Svo. New ed., 1724, Svo.
12mo. 4. The Exercise of Prayer, 1685, Svo: 13th ed., 1718,
12mo. New ed., 1845, 1Smo. This is a Supp. to No. 2.
5. The Crucified Jesus; or, an Acct. of the Nature, Design,
&c. of the Lord's Supper, 1686, Svo; 6th ed., 1716, Svo.
New ed., 1839, 12mo.
*
Devotional.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
"His best pieces are those upon Consideration and the Crucified
Jesus."-DR. DODDRIDGE.
6. Several Serms. on Matt. v., 1706, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d ed.,
1717, 2 vols. 8vo. Pub. by Bishop Kidder, (of Bath and
Wells,) who has prefixed a Memoir. The bishop remarks,
referring to the works of Horneck which were pub. by the
author:
"There is a great vein of piety and devotion which runs through
them; they savour of the primitive simplicity and zeal, and are
well fitted to make men better."
Dr. T. H. Horne tells us that
"The bishop's character of the writings published by himself
[IIorneck] is equally applicable to his Serious on Matt. v."-Bibl.
Bib.
Horneck's Works are also commended by another emi-
nent authority as
"Exceedingly pathetic and elegant; chiefly fit for devotional
subjects: his words are often much greater than his thoughts."-
DR. DODDRIDGE.
See his Life by Bp. Kidder; Athen. Oxon.; Birch's Life
of Tillotson.
Horneck, Wm. Modern Fortification, Lon., 1738, 4to.
Horner, Francis, M.P., 1778-1817. a native of Edin-
burgh, educated at the High School, and at the University
of that city, subsequently studied law, and became a mem-
ber of Parliament, where he distinguished himself by his
knowledge of political economy and finance. Having
injured his constitution by excessive labour in the dis-
charge of his duties as a member of the Bullion Committee,
and in other capacities, he was obliged to travel on the
Continent for the benefit of his health; but his unfavour-
able symptoms increased, and he died at Pisa, Feb. 8, 1817,
in the 38th year of his age. A statue has been erected
to his memory in Westminster Abbey. As the author of
the first part of the Bullion Report of 1810, (the second
part was penned by Mr. Huskisson and the third by Henry
Thornton,) Mr. Horner is entitled to a high rank as a po-
litical economist. But he was more than this; he was a
diligent student of intellectual philosophy, a man of great
elevation of character, and unblemished purity in private
life. His views on the Currency, which he subsequently
embodied in the Report of the Bullion Committee, will be
found in the first number of the Edinburgh Review, in his
Review of Thornton on the Paper Credit of Great Britain.
Or this
Of this periodical he was one of the originators. His
Memoirs and Correspondence were pub. by his brother,
Leonard Horner, in 1843, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., with
addits., 1853, 2 vols. Svo; Boston, by Little, Brown & Co.,
1853, 2 vols. Svo. We could quote many pages of com-
mendation from high authorities of Mr. Horner's character
as a man and statesman, but must be satisfied with refer-
ring the reader to the Memoirs of Sir Samuel Romilly,
1840, 3 vols.: Sir Archibald Alison's Hist. of Europe,
1789-1815; Lord Brougham's Statesinen temp. Geo. III.,
Lon., 1856, ii. 155-166; Works of Sir James Mackintosh,
1854, i. 214-215, n.; Works of the Rev. Sydney Smith,
1854, iii. 473-477, (Letter to Leonard Horner;) Lord
Cockburn's Memorial of his Own Time, 1856; Dugald
Stewart's Prelim. Dissert. to Eneye. Brit. ; Chambers and
Thomson's Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, iii. 86-90;
McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 1845, 173, 297; Edin.
Rev., lxxviii. 261; Lon. Quar Rev., June, 1827, lxxii.
108; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xiii. 506; Blackw. Mag., i. 3;
xvii. 515; xl. 114; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1825, Pt. 1, 503;
1843, 3; N. York Eclec. Mus., iii. 536. But we feel un-
willing to conclude without quoting some testimonies to
the eminent merits of Francis Horner:
892
HOR
HOR
"I remember the death of many eminent Englishmen; but I
can safely say I never remember an impression so general as that
excited by the death of Francis florner."-Rev. SYDNEY SMITH:
ubi supra.
"The tears of those to whom he was unknown were shed over
him.... lle raised himself, at the early age of thirty-six. to a
moral authority which, without these qualities, no brilliancy of
talents or power of reasoning could have acquired. No eminent
speaker of Parliament owed so much of his success to his moral
character. His high place was therefore honourable to his au-
dience and to his country."-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: ubi supra.
“He died at the age of thirty-eight; possessed of greater public
influence than any other private man, and admired. beloved,
trusted, and deplored. by all except the heartless or the base. No
greater homage was ever paid in Parliament to any deceased mem-
ber."—LORD Cockburn: ubi supro.
“Considering his knowledge, his talents. his excellent judg
ment, and the prospect of years which he had before him, I con-
si ler his death as a great public calamity."-SIR SAMUEL ROMILLY:
ubi supra.
"Mr. Horner, whose premature and lamented death alone pre-
vented him from rising to the highest eminence on the opposition
side.”—SIR Archibald ALISON; ubi supra.
"Never certainly was more completely realized the ideal portrait
so nobly imagined by the Roman poet: a calm devotion to reason
and justice, the sanctuary of the heart undefiled, and a breast
glowing with inborn honour.
Compositum jus fasque animo, sanctosque recessus
Mentis, et incoctuin generoso pectus honesto.""
DUGALD STEWART: ubi supra.
“But this able, accomplished, and excellent person was now ap
proaching the term assigned to his useful and honourable course
by the mysterious dispensations under which the world is ruled.
A complication of extraordinary maladies soon afterwards [after
the Parliamentary session of 1816] precluded all further exertion,
and, first confining his attention to the care of his health, before
a year was over from the date of his last brilliant display, brought
him, deeply and universally lamented, to an untimely grave.
'Ostendit terris hunc tantum fata, neque ultra
Esse sinent. Nimium vobis Romana propago
Visa potens, Superi, propria hæc si dona fuissent.'"
Lord Brougham: uli supra.
Horner, G. R. B., M.D. 1. Medical and Topogra-
phical Observations upon the Mediterranean, and upon
Portugal, Spain, &c., Phila., 1839, Svo. 2. Diseases and
Injuries of Seamen, &c., 1855, 12mo.
Horner, J. Instruction to the Invalid on the Water-
Instruction to the Invalid on the Water-
Cure, Lon., 1855, 12mo.
Horner, Leonard, Secretary to the Geological So-
ciety. Papers in Geolog. Trans., 1811, '14, '16. Other
publications.
Horner, T. Land Survey; or, Descrip. of an Im-
proved Method of Delineating Estates, Lon., 1813, Svo.
Horner, W. G. Mathemat. papers in Thom. Ann.
Philos., 1816, '17.
Hornman, Henry. De Virginitate, Virginium Statu,
et Jure, Tractatus, Oxf., 1669, 12mo.
Hornor, S. S., formerly of Philadelphia, now of Paris.
The Medical Student's Guide in Extracting Teeth, Phila.,
1851, 8vo.
"There is reason to ascribe an invention of great importance,
though not perhaps of extreme difficulty. that of the micrometer,
to Horrox."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. af Europe. ed. 1854, ii. 195.
"Horrox has the merit of being among the first who rightly ap
!preciated the discoveries of the astronomer just named, [ Kepler."]
-PROFESSOR PLAYFAIR: 31 Prelim. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit.
"Are all stamped with the clear indications of a genius of the
first order; and he doubtless would have achieved far greater dis
coveries had not his privations and successes, his toils and tri
umphs, been together cut short by his premature death in 1641.”
-Edin. Rev., 1xxviii. 402-438: Sir Isaac Newton and his Contem-
poraries.
Horner, William
Professor of Ana-
tomy in the University of Pennsylvania. 1. Special Ana
tomy and Histiology; 8th ed., Phila., 1851, 2 vols. Svo,
pp. 1130; with over 300 Illustrations. 2. United States
Dissector; or, Lessons in Practical Anatomy; 5th ed.,
carefully revised and entirely remodelled by Henry H.
Smith, M.D., Fellow of the College of Physicians of Phila.,
&c.; with 177 new Illustrations, Phila., 1856, demi Svo.
3. Anatomical Atlas. See SMITH, HENRY H., M.D. Since
the above was written, another Philadelphian contribution
to Medical Literature has made its appearance, viz.: The
Practical Anatomist; or, The Student's Guide in the Dis-
secting Room, by J. M. Allen, M.D., late Prof. of Anatomy
in the Penna. Med. College, Phila., 1856, r. 12mo, pp. 661;
with over 260 Illustrations.
Hornsby, Rev. Thomas, Savilian Professor of As-
tronomy at Oxford. Astronom. papers in Phil. Trans.,
1763, 64, 69, '71, '73.
Hornsey, John, Schoolmaster, pub. an English Gram-
mar, Spelling-Book, &c., 1798–1811.
Horrox, Jeremiah, 1619-1641, an eminent English
astronomer, a native of Toxteth, near Liverpool, was edu-
sated at Emanuel College, and subsequently (as Mr. Rigaud
has recently discovered) took holy orders and became a
curate at Hoole, near Preston.
Į
"He was the first who saw Venus in the body of the sun, (Nov.
24. 1639.) and he was the first who remarked that the lunar mo-
tions might be represented by supposing an elliptic orbit, provided
that the eccentricity of the ellipse were made to vary, and an oscil-
latory motion given to the line of apsides. Newton afterwards
showed that both suppositions were consequences of the theory
of gravitation, and attributes to Halley part of what is really due
to Horrox, as explained by Flamsteed."
It is not a little to Horrox's credit, that, whilst the astro-
nomical tables of the day-even his master Kepler's
(founded on the observations of Tycho Brahe)—were in-
correct in their calculations respecting the time of the
the time very accurately. 1. Venus in Sole visa, anno
transit of Venus, the young astronomer himself foretold
1639, cum Notis Johannis Hevelii. This is pub. along
with a work of Hevelius's, entit. Mercurius in Sole visus,
cum Notis Johannis Hevelii, Gedani, anni 1661, Maij 3,
cum aliis quibusdam Rerum Coelestium Observation. ra-
risque Phoenomenis, Dantz., 1662.
risque Phænomenis, Dantz., 1662. 2. Excerpta ex Epis-
tolis ad Gulielmum Crabtræum suum in Studiis Astro-
nomicis, Lon., 1672, 4to. 3. Observationum Cœlestium
Catalogus, 1672, 4to. 4. Novæ Theoria Lunaris Expli-
Kepleriana defensa et promota; Excerpta ex Epistolis ad
catio, 1673, 4to. 5. Opera Posthuma,-viz.: Astronomica
Crabtræum suum; Observationum Coelestium Catalogus;
et Lunæ Theoria Nova, Edente Joh. Wallisio, 1673, 4to;
idem, 1678.
Dict.; Martin's Biog. Philos.; Hutton's Dict.; Birch's
For further information respecting Horrox, see Genl.
Hist. of the Roy. Soc.; Corresp. of the Scientific Men of
the 17th Century, 1841, 2 vols. 8vo; Playfair's Prelim.
Dissert. to Eneye. Brit.; Edin. Rev., 1xxviii. 402–438.
Lon., 1837, 12mo. 2. Law and Prac. of Insolvents, &c.,
Horry, S. C. 1. Laws rel. to Licensed Victuallers,
1844, 12mo.
The
Horsburgh, James, Hydrographer to the E. I. Co.,
pub. several works on navigation, Lon., 1803-13.
Memoirs respecting the Navigation to and from China,
Directory in 1826, 2 vols. 4to.
&c. appeared in 1805, 4to, and the 3d ed. of the Indian
Horsburgh, Wm., M.D. Hartfell Spaw, Edin., 1754,
8vo. The same in Ess. Phys. and Lit., 1754.
Horsefall, James. Mathemat. and Astronom. pa-
pers in Phil. Trans, 1768.
Horsefield, Rev. J. W. 1. Hist. and Antiq. of Sus-
sex, Lon., 2 vols. 4to, £4 48; 1. p., £6 68. 2. Hist. and
Antiq. of Lewes and its Vicinity, with an Appendix by
Gideon Mantell, 1824, 4to, £2 28.; 2 vols. 4to, £3 38.
Horseman, Nicholas. Appendix to Wheare's Me-
thod of Reading Histories, Lon., 1694, Svo.
Horsey, John. Lects. on the Intellectual and Moral
delivered to the students of Coward College, over which
Powers of Man, Lon., 1828, Svo. These Lectures were
Mr. Horsey presided for eight years.
Horsfall, John. The Preacher, Lon., 1574, '76, Svo.
Horsfield, Thomas, M.D. 1. Lepidopterous Insects,
Lon., Pts. 1, 2, r. 4to, each £1 11s. 6d. 2. Zoological Re-
Plantæ Javanicæ Rariores, 1838-52, fol. ; 50 col'd engrav-
searcbes in Java, &c., 1821-24, r. 4to; 1824, £S Ss. 3.
ings, £S Sy.
In the descriptions and observations Dr. H.
tific descriptions are in Latin; the general history, cha-
was assisted by J. J. Bennett and R. Brown. The scien-
racteristics, details, &c. in English. See a paper of Dr.
H.'s on the Oopas or Poison Tree of Java, in Thom. Ann.
Philos., 1817. Catalogue of the Birds in the Museum of
the Hon. East India Company.
Horsford, J. Four Months in England, by a West
Indian, Lon., 1852, 12mo.
Horsford, Mary Gardiner, 1824-1855, a daughter
of Samuel S. Gardiner, and a native of New York, was
married in 1847 to Mr. Eben Norton Horsford, Rumford
Professor in Harvard University. Many of her earlier
productions were contributed to the Knickerbocker Maga-
zine, the Lady's Book, &c. In 1855 she pub. at Boston,
a vol. entitled Indian Legends and other Poems, which
was favourably noticed in the North American Review for
January, 1856.
Horsley, Heneage, Dean of Brechin, a son of Bishop
Samuel Horsley. 1. Serm. on Absolution, 1804, 4to. 2.
Serm., 1808. 3. A Letter on raising Pecuniary Supplies,
&c., 1842, Svo.
Horsley, John, 1685-1731, an eminent antiquary, a
Horrox's investigations-remarks the reviewer of Ri-native of Mid-Lothian, of a Northumberland family, was
gaud's Historical Essay on the First Publication of Sir pastor of a dissenting congregation at Morpeth. Britan-
Isaac Newton's Principia, 1838, Svo-
nia Romana; or, the Roman Antiquities of Britain; in
893
HOR
HOR
hree Books, lon., 1732, fol. An analysis of this truly
valuable work will be found in Savage's Librarian. Sir
P. Thompson's copy was sold for £13 38., and Willett's for
£14; Heath's, large paper, for £28 17s. 6d., and Consta-
ble's, large paper, for £35 108. These are the highest
prices with which we are acquainted. Horsley left a
number of unfinished works in MS.; some letters of his,
addressed to Roger Gale, dated 1729, will be found in
Hutchinson's View of Northumberland. See Life of
Horsley, by Rev. John Hodgson; Chambers and Thom-
son's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen; Nichols's Lit.
Anec.
Horsley, John. Longitude at Sea; Phil. Trans., 1764.
Horsley, Samuel, LL.D., 1733-1806, a native of
London, was educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge; Curate
to his father, who was Rector of Newington Butts, 1758;
Rector of Newington Butts, 1759; Secretary of the Royal
Society, 1773; Rector of Aldbury, Surrey, 1774; Preb. of
St. Paul's, 1777; Archdeacon of St. Alban's, 1780; Rector
of Southweald, Essex, 1782; Preb. of Gloucester, 1787;
Bishop of St. David's, 1788; trans. to Rochester, with the
Deanery of Westminster, 1793; trans. to St. Asaph, resign-
ing the Deanery of Westminster, 1802. He was a man
of profound learning and strong intellectual powers, dic-
tatorial in controversy, but most benevolent in heart. He
was a useful member of the Royal Society, and made con-
siderable attainments in mathematics, the classics, natural
philosophy, and astronomy. A number of his astronomical,
mathematical, and other papers will be found in Phil.
Trans., 1767-76. His name is best known in connexion
with his controversy with Dr. Priestley respecting the
faith of the Primitive Christians concerning the nature
of Christ. In his (1.) History of the Corruptions of Chris-
tianity, pub. in 1782, 2 vols. Svo, the former placed at the
head of these both Trinitarianism and Arianism; contend-
ing that the Socinian doctrine of the mere humanity of
Christ was the unanimous faith of the first believers.
This position was combated by Horsley, in his Charge of
May 22, 1783, pub. 1783, 4to. Priestley replied in his
Letters to Dr. Horsley, 1783, Svo; and thus the war was
fairly commenced. For further information on this head,
the reader is referred to the authorities cited below:
Horsley's Tracts in Controversy with Dr. Priestley, 3d ed.,
with Notes and Appendix by Rev. Heneage Horsley, Dun-
dee, 1812, Svo; and to Priestley's Tracts in Controversy
with Bishop Horsley, with Notes by the Editor, and an
Appendix, containing a Review of the Controversy, Lon.,
1815, 8vo.
"The tracts which he published in controversy with Dr. Priestley
are written with consummate ability, and demonstrate the literary
deficiencies of his bold antagonist."-Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
"In bis controversy with Dr. Priestley, Bishop Horsley had a
manifest advantage (as is now pretty generally acknowledged)
both in learning and argument."-Edin. Rev., xvii. 467, q. v.
"The severest castigation which a rash and arrogant invader of
another's province ever received."
"Horsley's productions in this controversy will be read as
standard works, and admired as models of clear and powerful
reasoning. They show a strong and energetic mind, rich in va-
rious learning, trained in logical precision, quick in perceiving the
fallacies of his opponent and skilful in refuting them."-Lon.
Quar. Rev., iii. 399-400, q. v.
"Horsley was the militant of the last generation, Herbert
Marsh of the present."-Southey's Life and Corresp.
See also Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1117; Cambridge General
Repository, i. 26, 229; ii. 7, 257; iii. 13, 250; and autho-
rities cited at conclusion of this article. We proceed to
notice the most important of Horsley's other productions.
2. The Power of God deduced from the computable in-
stantaneous productions of it in the Solar System, 1787,
8vo. 3. Apollonii Pergæi Inclinationum, libri duo Resti-
tuti, Oxf., 1770, 4to.
"In this, though it required more than the usual exertions of a
commentator, no very great difficulty presented itself, and Dr.
Horsley acquitted himself very much to the satisfaction of geo-
meters."-PROFESSOR PLAYFAIR: Edin. Rev., iv. 258.
See No. 11.
4. Remarks on the Observations made in a late Voyage
to the North Pole, [by Hon. Capt. C. J. Phipps, in 1773,]
for determining the Acceleration of the Pendulum in lati-
tude 79° 51′, Lon., 1774, 4to.
"Dr. H. here detects some errors of calculation.”—Wutt's Bibl.
Bril.
4.
This pamphlet ought to be annexed to every copy of Captain
Phipps's book [1774, 4to] and bound up with it." See Rich's Bibl.
See Rich's Bibl.
Amer. Nova, 1. 195.
5. Complete Edition of the Works of Sir Isaac Newton,
under the title of Isanci Newtoni Opora quæ extant onmia
Commentariis, illustrabat Samuel Horsley, LL.D., 1779-
85, 5 vols. 4to.
"A work requiring the exertion of uncommon talents, and ac-
companied with difficulties which Dr. Horsley was by no means
!
prepared to overcome. Indeed, we know of no literary project,
even in this day of literary adventure, of which the failure has
been more complete.”—PROFESSOR PLAYFAIR : Edin. Rev., iv. 258–259.
See Biographies of Newton; Lon. Quar. Rev., iii. 399;
and several of the authorities cited at the conclusion of
this article.
6. On the Prosodies of the Greek and Latin Languages,
1796, 8vo. Anon. A work of great merit.
“A work full of erudition, and much esteemed.”—Wall's Bibl.
Brit.
"In classical acquirements, and in a critical knowledge of the
languages in which the sacred books were originally written. he
stood in the very first rank of excellence.”—Elin. Rev., xvii. 466.
7. Critical Disquisitions on the 18th Chapter of Isaiah;
in a Letter to Edward King, Esq., 1796, 1801, 4to. Also
Hebrew, with Notes, Explan. and Crit., 1801, 4to; 1804,
in Biblical Criticism, i. 229. S. Hosea; trans. from the
serm. on. 1 Pet. iii., which is in the ed. of 1804.
4to. Also in Biblical Criticisin, with the exception of the
This is one of the ablest pieces of criticism on a portion of
Scripture in the English language The preface is admirably
written, and contains the soundest principles of Biblical interpre
tation, as well as excellent views of the particular book to which
it is prefixed. The version is nervous, and often characteristic of
the translator's mind, as well as of the prophet's style. The criti-
cal notes display great knowledge of Hebrew, though occasionally
they discover that Horsley was partial to novelty and paradox,
and in some degree influenced by his IIutchinsonian predilections.
Few books are more worthy of the attention of the Biblical scho-
lar."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"The preface contains a treasure of Biblical criticism.”—Horne's
Bibl. Bib.
"Critical and illustrative."-Bickersteth's C. S.
"This translation, with its notes, forms a most valuable acces-
sion to sound learning; and evinces at once the best qualities of
judgment."-British Critic, O. S., xix. 176.
the scholar and the divine, supported by sagacity and a powerful
9. Elementary Treatises on the Fundamental Principles
of Practical Mathematics; for the use of Students, Oxf.,
1801, Svo. 10. Euclidis Elementorum Libri Priores XII.,
&c., 1802, 8vo. 11. Euclidis Datorum Liber, cum addita-
mentis, &c., 1803, Svo.
"
"He certainly possessed competent information and respectable
acquirements in mathematics.... His edition of Euclid's Elements
and Data. and his treatise on the elementary parts of plain mathe-
matics, are prepared with perspicuity and neatness.”—Lon. Quar.
Rev., iii. 399.
"In the mathematical and physical sciences. if he stood not in
the first rank. he held at least a very respectable station."-Edin.
Rev.. xvii. 466.
But Nos. 10 and 11 are reviewed with considerable
severity by Professor Playfair, in Edin. Rev., iv. 257–272.
In fact, the ostentatious preface of the bishop aroused
vigilance and sharpened criticism. 12. A Critical Essay
on Virgil's Two Seasons of Honey, and his Seasons of
Sowing Wheat, &c., Lon., 1805, 4to. See No. 6. 13.
Serms., Dundee, 3 vols. Svo: i. and ii., 1810; iii., 1812;
vol. ii., 3d ed., 1812; iii., 2d ed., 1813. To these is to
be added a 4th vol., Lon., 1815, Svo, containing 9 Serms.
on our Lord's Resurrection, and a Dissert. on the Prophe-
cies of the Messiah, &c. The above vols. were repub. in
2 vols. in 1824, and again in 1829, (including the nine
serms. on the Resurrection, and the Dissert. on the Pro-
phecies of the Messiah, &c.; 3d ed., Lon., 1822, Svo;) in
all, 4 vols. in 2. This last ed., 1829, 2 vols. 8vo, is the first
complete ed. of Horsley's Sermons; again, 1843, Svo; 1817,
Svo; and in collective ed. of his Theolog. Works, 1845,
(vide post.)
"His sermons are fine specimens of commanding eloquence, and
contain many deep and original views of Scripture facts and pro-
phecies."-Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
"Much original, deep, devout, and evangelical matter, with
much that is bold. hazardous, speculative, and rash.... Bishop
Horsley's powers of mind were of a high order; and his sermons
and his other works will render assistance to the student chiefly
in the way of criticism. He had the integrity and candour to
speak decidedly against the ignorance of many who opposed what
they called Calvinistic views."-Bickersteth's C. S.
"Ordinary readers, moderately conversant with the Bible, and
with the theory and practice of their religion, may derive more
advantage from these discourses than from any volumes of sermons
which have issued from the press for the last fifty years.”—Edin.
Rev.
consisting of disquisitions on points of abstruse and difficult in-
"With very few exceptions, of the critical and explanatory cast,
<
6
vestigation. They are not suited to the taste of general readers,
but adapted almost exclusively to those whose stomachs,' to use
the author's own expression, are qualified for the digestion of
strong meats,' and whose turn of mind has babituated them to
critical discussion and inquiry. We perceive, in almost every
part, the mind of Horsley at work."-Lon. Quar. Rev., (on vols. i.
and ii., 1810.) iii. 398–407, q. v.
"They are compositions sui generis. Never perhaps did phi-
losophy, certainly never did the philosophy of physics, lend more
1810-12.) ix. 30-39, q. v.
powerful aid to the cause of revelation."-Ibid., (on vols. i.-iii.,
"In the sense in which we have now explained that torm, every
discourse in the volumes before us [i. and ii., 1810] may justly be
denominated a gospel sermon."—Edin. Rev., xvii. 465–480, q. v.
894
HOR
HOS
"We have indeed no hesitation whatever to say, that no such!
sermons have issued from the British press since the commence-
ment of our critical labours.”—British Crític,
And see Lon. Month. Rev., lxxxiv. 82; Phila. Analec.
Mag., iv. 268.
New
14. Speeches in Parliament, Dundee, 1813, 8vo.
ed., Lon., 8vo. 15. The Charges delivered at his several
Visitations of the Dioceses of St. David's, Rochester, and
St. Asaph, Dundee, 1813, 8vo; Lon., 1830, 8vo. Also a
new ed. in 18mo, and in collective ed., 1845, (vide post.)
Some plain and important truths openly and powerfully stated.
It has furnished a shield for men of piety against the unjust re-
]roaches of their adversaries.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
16
Hort, or Horte, Josiah, d. 1751, at an advanced
age, a Dissenting minister at Marshfield, Gloucestershire,
conformed before 1708; consecrated Bishop of Ferns and
Leighlin, 1721; trans. to Kilmore and Ardagh, 1727; and
¡
E
to the Archbishopric of Tuam, 1742. He was educated at
a Dissenting academy, with Dr. Isaac Watts, who declared
that Hort was the "first genius in that seminary." 1. Serm.,
1708. 2. Serm., 1709. 3. Sixteen Serms., Dubl., 1738,
8vo; Lon., 1757. 4. Instruc. to the Clergy of Tuam,
1742, 8vo; 1768, 8vo; and in Clergyman's Instructor, 349.
"This charge contains some excellent instructions relative to
the ministerial offices."-Wall's Bibl. Brit.
See Memoirs by Dr. Toulmin; Swift's Works.
Hort, Robert, Rector of Temple Michael, and Chap-
lain to Archbishop Hort. Serm. on the Millennium, Matt.
vi. 6. Printed at Dublin; reprinted, Lon., 1748. New
ed., Dubl., 1821, 8vo.
16. The Book of Psalms; trans. from the Hebrew, with
Notes, Crit. and Explan., 1815, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 1833,
8vo; 4th ed., 1845, 8vo, in collective ed., (vide post.)
"This is a posthumous work, and far inferior in merit and im-
portance to the former, [IIosea: see No. 8.] Not above half the
Psalms are translated. On the greater number there are no notes,
and these for the most part are short and imperfect. Most of the
Psalms the bishop applies to the Messiah, in which he merely fol-
lows the doctrines of Hutchinson. As Horsley never wrote what
did not deserve to be read, even his fragments and hints are cal-
culated to be of service to the student of the Bible; though such
a work as this on the Psalms would never have been published by
the learned prelate himself."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Of considerable use."-Bickersteth's C. S.
"Chiefly adapted to the use of the scholar and Biblical critic.
.. Many of the applications of the Psalms to the Messiah are
fanciful."—Horne's Bibl. Bib., Title Morison, Rev. Jahn, D.D.
Hortentius, (a nom de plume.) Deinology; or, The
Union of Reason and Elegance, being Instructions to a
Young Barrister, &c., 1801, Svo.
See also British Review, xl. 1–25; FRY, JOHN, No. 5, P. Book, b. 1826, at Fishkill, Dutchess county, New York.
Horton, Rushmore G., editor of the New York Day-
p.
641 of this Dictionary.
The Life and Public Services of James Buchanan. of
Mr. Buchanan was
Pennsylvania, N. York, 1856, 12mo.
elected President of the United States in 1856. Mr. Hor-
ton has contributed a number of articles to the New York
journals since 1851. .
17. Biblical Criticism on the First Fourteen Historical
Books of the Old Test., and also on the First Nine Pro-
phetical Books, &c., 1820, 4 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., with addits.
never before pub., 1844, 2 vols. 8vo. Also in collective
ed., 1845, (vide post.)
The remarks made on the Psalms [see No. 16] are quite as ap-
plicable to all that is in these volumes. As a critic, IÏorsley was
learned, but dogmatic. Stern, bold, clear, and brilliant, often elo-
quent, sometimes argumentative, always original, he was too often
led, by his disdain of what is common, into bazardous specula-
tions and hasty conclusions, and not unfrequently into confident
assertions of dubious and paradoxical points."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Several of his critical works are posthumous, and appear in an
unfinished state; but even these bear the impress of his mind,
and are not unworthy of his great powers."-Williams's C. P.
"Chiefly posthumous, and many things that probably the
author would not have published; much original and useful
thought."-Bickersteth's C. S.
See Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Hort, William Jillard, author of The New Pan-
theon; or, an Introduction to the Mythology of the An-
cients, (first ed., 1808, 12mo; last ed., 1852, 18m,) pub.
many other educational works on Geography, Arithmetic,
Chemistry, History, Chronology, Reading, Grammar, Arts
and Sciences, Natural History, Dictionaries, &c., all issued
by Longman, of London.
A collective ed. of Horsley's Theological Works was pub.
by Longman in 1845, 6 vols. 8vo, £3 98., containing-Bib-
lical Criticism, 2 vols.; Psalms, 1 vol.; Sermons, 2 vols. ;
Charges, 1 vol. For further information respecting this
eminent prelate, his literary labours and theological and
political opinions, see, in addition to the many authorities
cited above, Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.;
The Churchman Armed, i. 421; Wordsworth's Christian
Institutes, iii. 34; Darling's Cyc. Bib., i. 1548-1550;
Works of Robert Hall, ed. Lon., 1853, iii. 69-74, 75, 76,
329, 333-338; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 647; Watt's Bibl.
Brit; Williams's C. P., ed. 1843, 355; Eclec. Rev. for
1831; Blackw. Mag., iii. 66; xvii. 25; xxix. 65, 71; xliv.
739.
Hortop, Job. The Rare Trauailes of Iob Hortop,
an Englishman, who was not heard of in three and twentie
yeeres space, wherein is declared the dangers he escaped
in his Voyage to Gynnie, where, after he was set ashoare
in a wilderness, neere to Panico, hee endured much sla-
uerie and bondage in the Spanish Galley. Wherein also
he discouereth many strange and wonderfull things, seene
in the time of his trauaile, as well concerning wilde and
sauage people, as also of sundrie monstrous beasts, fishes,
and foules, and also trees of wonderfull forme and qualitie,
Lon., 1591, 4to. Poor Job seems to have suffered suffi-
ciently to give him an additional title to his patriarchal
and time-honoured designation. We trust that in the
home-relation of his "Rare Trauails among wilde and
sauage people" the raconteur did not yield to the tempta-
tion of "pulling the long bow," for the purpose of increas-
ing the amazement of his wondering auditors.
|
Horsley, Wm. Universal Merchant, Lon., 1753, 4to.
Horsley, Wm., M.D. Mineral Waters, 1814, 12mo.
Horsley, Wm., Mus. Bac., Oxon., the eminent com-
poser of music, b. in London, 1774, is the author of many
well-known glees, and other popular poetical contributions
to the literature of his profession.
Horsman, Gilbert. 1. Precedents in Conveyancing,
1744, 3 vols. fol.; 4th ed., 3 vols. Svo, 1785. See 1 Bart.
Conv., 75; Williams's Study of the Law, 125; Marvin's
Leg. Bibl., 397. 2. Notes and Observ. on the Fundamental
Laws of Eng., 1753, 12mo.
Horwood, Caroline. 1. The Battle of Vivaldi,
1810, 4 vols. 12mo. 2. St. Osburgh. 3. Original Moral
Tales for Children. 4. Instructive Amusement for Young
Minds, in Original Poetry, 1815.
Hosack, David, M.D., LL.D., 1769-1835, a native
of the city of New York, educated at Columbia College,
and at the College of New Jersey, received the degree of
M.D. at Philadelphia in 1791, and, after pursuing his stu-
dies in Edinburgh and London, became Professor of Potany
and of Materia Medica in Columbia College. He was in-
structor in Physic and Clinical Medicine in the New Col-
lege of Physicians and Surgeons, and also taught in the
Rutgers Medical College. See our life of FRANCIS, JOHN
Horsnell, John. Serm., Lon., 1705, 4to.
Hort, Lt.-Col., author of The Secretary, has pub. W., M.D., LL.D., where we have already dwelt at length
a number of other novels, &c., Lon., 1839-50.
| upon matters that might otherwise claim a place in the
"Presbyterians as we are, we have a certain pride in acknow-
ledging that the Church of England has been eminently distin-
guished, ever since the period of the Reformation, by the talents
and learning of her clergy, and especially of those who have been
raised to the episcopal office. Among those who have been thus
raised in our own times, we do not know that a greater could
easily be named than the author of the volumes before us."-
Edin. Rev., xvii. 465-480: Review of Bishop Horsley's Sermons,
1810, 2 vols.
Horton, Thomas, D.D., d. 1673, a native of Lon-
don, educated at, and Fellow of, Emanuel Coll.. Camb.,
Master of Queen's Coll., Camb., and Minister of St. Mary
Colechurch, London, 1638; Professor of Divinity at Gres-
ham Coll., 1641; Preacher of Gray's Inn, 1617; Vice-
Chancellor of Cambridge, 1649; ejected for Non-conforin-
ity, 1662; subsequently conformed and became Vicar of
Great St. Helen's, London, 1666. He pub. (separately)
seven occasional serms., Lon., 1653, '54, '56, '57, '61, '63,
'72, and after his death appeared (1.) 46 Serms upon the
whole Sth chap. of the Epistle to the Romans, 1674, fol.
2. S Serms. on Ps. iv. 1-S, 1675, fol. 3. A Choice and Prac.
Expos. upon the IV., VIII., XXXI., XLII., and LXIII.
Psalms, 1675. 4. 100 Select Serms. upon several Texts,
with the Author's Life, by Dr. Wallis, 1679, fol.: fifty
serms. upon the Old Test. and fifty upon the New Test.
*
He was a pious and learned man, an hard student, a sound
divine, a good textuary, very well skilled in the Oriental lan-
guages, very well accomplished for the work of a minister, and
very conscientious in the discharge of it."-DR. JOHN WALLIS.
See also Athen. Oxon.; Ward's Lives of Gresham Pro-
fessors.
Horsmanden, Daniel, d. 1778, a native of Eng-
land, Chief-Justice of New York, pub. The New York
Conspiracy; or, the IIistory of the Negro Plot, 1741-42;
repub. in 1810. The plot was to burn the city of the
conspirators fourteen blacks were burnt, and eighteen
blacks and ten whites were hanged.
K
-
895
HOS
HOT
present article. From 1820 to '28 Dr. Hosack was Pre-
sident of the New York Historical Society, and until the
time of his death he exerted a wide and commanding in-
fluence in every department of the society of his native
city. 1. Hortus Elginensis, Svo. 2. Facts relative to the
Elgin Botanic Garden, Svo. 3. American Med. and Philos.
Register: see FRANCIS, JOHN W., M.D., LL.D., No. 16. 4.
A Biographical Memoir of Hugh Williamson, M.D., LL.D.,
&c., 1820, 8vo. Reviewed by Edward Everett, in N. Amer.
Rev., xi. 31–37. The celebrated Hutchinson Letters are
noticed in the Memoir and in the Review. 5. Essays on
Various Subjects of Medical Science, 1824-30, 3 vols. Svo.
6. Inaug. Discourse at the Opening of Rutgers Medical
College, 1826, 8vo.
*6 By all solicitous of information concerning the history and
progress of medical affairs in the United States. his discourse be-
fore the Rutgers College will be studied with peculiar interest."
DR. JOHN W. FRANCIS: Life of Hosack.
7. A System of Practical Nosology, 1829, 8vo; 1831,
8vo. 8. Memoirs of De Witt Clinton, 1829, 4to.
"A production which will ever command the regard of every
friend of the system of Internal Improvement which ennobles
the State of New York."-DR. JOHN W. FRANCIS: ubi supra.
"An ample memoir of this distinguished individual, whose
abilities few men are better able to appreciate or more highly to
admire."
But we fear that there is but little prospect of the hope
being realized.
9. Lects. on the Theory and Practice of Physic, edited
by Rev. Henry W. Ducachet, M.D., 1838, 8vo. A posthu-ingly
mous publication, with a portrait. Dr. Hosack also pub.
a paper on Vision, in Phil. Trans., (Royal Society,) 1794;
medical papers in Annals of Med., 1793, '96; a Biogra-
phical Account of Dr. Benj. Rush, of Phila., in Thom. Ann.
Philos., 1816; several discourses, &c. An interesting me-
moir of Dr. Hosack, by his former pupil and partner, Dr.
John W. Francis, will be found in Williams's American
Medical Biography, 276-285. Dr. Francis remarks that
from the Rev. Henry W. Ducachet, M.D., of Philadelphia,
is expected
Hosack, John. 1. Treatise on the Conflict of Laws
of England and Scotland, Pt. 1, Lon., 1847, Svo. 2. The
Rights of British and Neutral Commerce, 1854, 12mo.
Hose, H. J., Mathematical Master of Westminster
School. The Elements of Euclid, books i.-vi.; xi., (1−12;)
xii., (1-2,) Lon., 12mo. Text based on Simson's.
"Has various points that recommend it for general use."-Lon.
Literary Gazette.
Hosier, John. The Mariner's Friend; or, A Treatise
on the Stars, Lon., 1809, Svo.
Hosking, Wm., Architect and Civil Engineer. 1.
Treat. on Architecture and Building; from the Encyc.
Brit., Lon., 1839, 4to. 2. A Guide to the Regulation of
Buildings as a Means of securing the Health of Towns,
1848, 49, p. Svo. A most important subject, truly.
>
"We must recommend this work as a most useful and well-timed
production. calculated to diffuse that knowledge which we, with
Mr. Hosking, regard as most desirable.”—Lon. Economist.
Hoskins, G. A. 1. Travels in Ethiopia, Lon., 1835,
4to, £3 138. 6d.
.6
Extremely valuable in every point of view to the general reader,
and particularly to those who have engaged in prosecuting re-
searches into Egyptian antiquity.”—Lon. Literary Gazette.
Ben Jonson was not unmindful of his obligations to
Hoskins: for he was accustomed to say,
Twas he that polish'd me; I do acknowledge it."
Hoskins, or Hoskyns, John, Jr., d. 1631, a native
of Herefordshire, brother (sic), to the preceding, and Per-
petual Fellow of New Coll., Oxf., became Preb. of Here-
ford and Minister of Ledbury. 1. Serm., Lon., 1609, 4to.
2. S Serms., 1615, 4to.
2. S Serms., 1615, 4to. 3. Short Catechism. See Bliss's
Wood's Athen. Oxon., ii. 510.
3. Spain as it is, 1851, 2 vols. p. 8vo, £1 18.
"To the tourist this work will prove invaluable. It is the most
complete and interesting portraiture of Spain that has ever come
under our notice.”—John Bull.
He was an able civilian, but better theologist, and much fol-
lowed for frequent and edifying way of preaching."-Wood: ubi
supra.
Hoskins, H. H. 1. Count de Denia; a Play, Lon.,
1841, r. 8vo. 2. De Valencourt; a Tragedy, 1842, 8vo.
Hoskins, or Hoskyns, John, Sr., d. 1638, a native
of Herefordshire, educated at, and Fellow of, New Coll.,
Oxf, became a Sergeant-at-Law, a Justice-Itinerant for
Wales, and one of the Council of Marches. He was the
author of a number of epigrams and epitaphs in Latin and
English, pub. in several collections; a work entitled The
Art of Memory; and left in MS. some law-treatises, and
an unfinished Greek Lexicon. See Bliss's Wood's Athen.
Oxon., ii. 624-629; Granger's Biog. Hist. of Eng. He
was eminent for his skill in Latin and English poetry.
"Twas he that polish'd Ben Jonson the poet, and made him
speak clean, whereupon he ever after called our author Father
Hoskyns; and 'twas he that view'd and review'd the History of
the World. written by Sir W. Raleigh, before it went to the press."
-WOOD: ubi supra.
Hoskins, Joseph. Hymns, Bristol, 1789, Svo.
Hoskyns, Chandos Wren. 1. Short Inquiry into
the Hist. of Agriculture, Lon., 1849, 12mo. 2. Talpa, or
Chronicles of a Clay Farm; an Agricultural Fragment,
fp. Svo, 1852, 53, '54.
"These works obtain very little notice."-Donaldson's Agricult.
Bing.
But we should think three edits. in as many successive
years very respectable "notice." From the commenda-
tions before us of Talpa, we have space for the following
only:
"Cleverly written in a vein of pleasantry, the work persever
uproots the prejudices of the past, and demonstrates that
scientific knowledge is an important element in successful tillage."
-Lincoln Mercury.
The Philosophy of Mental Improvement, Bath, N. York,
Hosmer, Rev. William. 1. Self-Education; or,
12mo. 2. Young Lady's Book; or, Principles of Female
Education, Auburn, N. York, 12mo. New ed., N. York,
Auburn, N. York, 12mo. New ed., N. York, 1855, 16mo.
1855, 16mo. 3. Young Man's Book; or, Self-Education,
Auburn, N. York, 16mo. 5. Christian Beneficence, 1855,
4. The Higher Law in its Relations to Civil Government,
18mo.
Hosmer, William Henry Cuyerl, b. 1814, at Avon,
Western New York, was educated at the Temple Hill Aca-
demy at Geneseo, and at Geneva College. He was en-
gaged in the practice of the law at Avon until 1854, when
he removed to the city of New York, where he holds an
office in the Custom-House.
Mr. Hosmer became an author at a very early age,—his
muse finding congenial themes in the legends, customs,
and superstitions of the North American Indians, with
which he was familiar from his childhood. The following
chronological list of his productions is extracted from a
work to which (as to the other vols. by the same author)
the student of American Letters must have frequent refer-
ence, Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America:
↓
Mat
"To such poems, however, [those relating to the Indians,] most
readers will be apt to prefer the simpler effusions in which he has
Also highly commended by Lon. Athenæum.
£1 18.
"Ilis volume will interest the general reader by the light which
it throws on the habits, condition. and character of a people whom
few have visited, while the antiquarian and the philosopher will
thankfully acknowledge its valuable contributions to the cause of
true bistory and science.”—Lon. Eclectic Review.
2. Visit to the Great Oasis of the Libyan Desert, 8vo, echoed the Notes of the Birds, or painted the varying phenomena
of The Months. In these, too, he has faithfully subjected his
muse to the requirements of truth. He accomplishes his task of
description by felicities in selection and combination from nature.
An AUDUBON or a MICHAUX would search in vain for an error in
his plumage or foliage, and a COLE might give the finishing touches
to the lights and shadows of his landscapes, from the pet's ob
servation of atmospheric effects or the changing influerve of the
seasons." See also Griswold's Prose Writers of America, 4th ed.,
1852. p. 300.
Hossack, Colin, M.D. Abridgt. of Baron Von Li-
viston's Commentaries, Lon., 1773-76, 5 vols. 8vo.
Hotckkin, Rev. James H., d. at Prattsburg, New
York, 1851, graduated at Williams College, 1800, and was
Hist. of the Churches in Western New York, N. York, Svo.
stationed at Prattsburg for twenty-one years from 1809.
See Genesee Evangelist, Sept. 1851; N. York Internat.
Mag., 1851, p. 572.
Hotchkin, Thomas. Serms., Lon., 1675, '78, both
Svo.
(
"In 1830 he composed a drama entitled The Hall of Tecumseh.'
His first publication. except contributions to the journals and maga
zines. was The Themes of Song,' containing about six hundred
and fifty lines; this appeared in 1834, and was followed by The
Pioneers of Western New York.' in 1838; The Prospects of the
Age,' in 1841; Yonnondio, or The Warriors of the Genesee,' in
1844; The Months,' in 1847; · Bird Notes,' 'Legends of the Sene-
cas,' and 'Indian Traditions and Songs,' in 1850; and a coniplete
edition of his · Poetical Works,' in two volumes, in 1853.”
C
C
Dr. Griswold commends Mr. Hosmer's poetry in very
high terms. After some eulogistic comments upon "the
longest, if not the most important, of his productions,"
the critic continues:
Hotham, Charles, Fellow of Peterham College.
1. In Philosophiam Teutonicam Manuductio, sive Deter-
minatio de Origine Anime Humanæ, Lon., 1648, Svo.
Englished by D. F., 1650, 12mo. In the preface occurs
the following remark:
"In truth it is very hard to write good English; and few have
attained its height, in this last frie of books, but Mr. Milton.”
2. Corporations Vindicated, &c., 1651, 12mo. 3. Petition
896
HOT
HOU
aud Argument before the Com. of the Reform. of Univer-
sities, 1655, 4to.
Hotham, Durand. Life of J. Behmen, Lon., 1654,
4to.
Hotham, Sir John. Certain Letters from him and
others intercepted, Oxf., 1643, 4to.
Hotham, Sir Richard. Reflections on East India
Shipping, Lon., 1773, Svo.
Houdemius, Joh., a native of England. Christiados
Rhythmnicæ, libri vi., Luxemb., 1603, 8vo.
Hough, F. B. 1. Hist. of St. Lawrence and Franklin
Counties, New York, Albany, 1853, 8vo. 2. Hist. of Jeffer-
son County, New York, 1854, 8vo. 3. New York Civil
1855, 12mo. Ed. of sundry historical documents, 1855-9.
Hough, James, Perpetual Curate of Ham, formerly
Chaplain to the E. I. Co. at Madras. 1. A Reply to the
Letters of the Abbé Dubois, on the State of Christianity
in India, Lon., 1824, 8vo. 2. Christian Legacy, 12mo.
3. Letters on Neilgherries, Svo. 4. Protestant Missions
vindicated, 1837, 8vo. 5. Missionary's Vade-Mecum,
12mo. 6. Book of Psalms and Hymns, 1838, 18mo.
Hist. of Christianity in India from the commencement of
the Christian Era, 1839-45, 4 vols. 8vo, £2 Se.
7.
"I wish I were writing, my dear friend. The History of Chris-
tianity in India. It is a glorious theme."-Bishop Wilson, of Cul
cutta, to the author.
List,ghanistan, and China, from 1757 to 1849, 2 vols. p. 8vo,
6. Political and Military Events in British India, Aff-
India for forty years, and participated in many of the
1853. Major Hough was engaged in active service in
scenes described by him. His authority therefore is of
great weight. 7. India as it ought to be under the New
Charter Act, 1853, 8vo. 8. Precedents in Military Law,
1855, 8vo.
"Hough maintained his own rights and those of his college
with equal decorum and firmness."-Sir James Mackintosh's Re-
view of the Causes of the Revolution of 1688: Works, ii. 157, Lon.,
1854.
"The protest of Hough was everywhere applauded; the forcing
of his door was everywhere mentioned with abhorrence."-T. B.
Macaulay's Hist. of Eng., vol. ii., 1849.
This occurred in October, 1687; and in the end of Sep-
tember of the following year, James II.-now alarmed for
the safety of his crown-took measures by which Hough
and his expelled Fellows and Demies were restored. After
the Revolution, Hough was, in April, 1690, made Bishop
of Oxford; in 1699 he succeeded Dr. William Lloyd, Bishop
of Lichfield and Coventry; in 1715, on the death of Teni-
son, he declined the Archbishopric of Canterbury, but in
1717 he became Bishop of Worcester. For further infor-
mation respecting this excellent man, the reader is referred
to the histories of England; John E. Wilmot's Life and
Correspondence of Bishop Hough, Lon., 1812, r. 4to; and to
the Life prefixed to Bishop Hough's Sermons and Charges,
by Wm. Russell, Oxford, 1821, Svo. During the bishop's
life he pub. eight occasional serms., 1701, '02, '04, '05, '09,
'12, '15, all in 4to. Mr. Russell's collection contains four
charges and nine sermons, but neither of the above ser-
mons, at which we somewhat marvel. Hough left strict
orders that none of his MS. sermons should be pub. after
his death.
|
Martial, &c., Lon., 1825, 8vo; Calcutta, 1834, 8vo. 3. On
the E. I. Co.'s Mutiny Acts, &c., Lon., 1838, 8vo. 4. Chro-
nol. Expos. of Military-Law Authorities, 1781-1839, 8vo;
1839. 5. Narrative of the War in Affghanistan, 1841, 8vo.
"This work is what would be called by the Duke of Wellington
'a true book.””—Loa. Spectator.
"He is furnished with a large stock of learning and piety. He
bas turned over the Fathers with great curiosity and pains, and
paid a venerable respect to their ashes; and, as he is a Prelate of
remarkable piety and learning, so he is a Hero of great temper and
courage. This was seen in his resolute defending the rights of
Magdalen College: for this noble service he is justly rewarded
with the See of Lichfield and Coventry. Those whose actions are
eminently pious and brave will, like this worthy champion, be
eminent in place and person."-JOHN DUNTON: Life and Errors.
"From the minute fidelity with which this book records every
fact connected with the army, it will be invaluable to the com-
mander in any future campaign; and, beyond all other works on
the same subject, will be the one referred to with most confidence
by the historian."-Naval and Military Gazette.
"Beyond all doubt the most complete bistory of a campaign we
have ever met with.”. United Service Gazelle.
Hough, Nathaniel, D.D., Fellow of Jesus College,
Camb., and Rector of St. George's, Southwark. Six Serms.,
pub. separately, 1704, '06, '12, '15, '16, '24.
Hough, Major William. 1. Case-Book of Native
and European General Courts-Martial, Calcutta, 1821.
In conjunction with G. Long, The Practice of Courts-
2.
57
―
•
This is an authentic and a most valuable work. In the
Appendix will be found The Acts and Decrees of the
Synod of Diamper, &c.
Hough, John, D.D., 1651-1743, a native of Middle-Almanac, 1847, 325-326.
sex, educated at, and Fellow of, Magdalene College, Oxford,
was elected President of his college in 1687, in contempt
of the arbitrary mandamus of James IL, who illegally
attempted to force the Fellows to elect Anthony Farmer
head of the college. The king hereupon sent a mandate
to the Fellows to elect Dr. Samuel Parker, Bishop of Ox-
ford, a Roman Catholic, President of the college. Upon
the refusal of the Fellows, Lords-Commissioners were sent
to Magdalene, who were stoutly confronted by Hough and
twenty-six of the twenty-eight Fellows of the College, and
the keys retained by the former, who boldly protested
against the illegal proceedings. The Commissioners then
forced open the door of the President's lodgings, and
placed Dr. Parker in Hough's place.
|
"The nation, as well as the university, looked on all this pro-
ceeding with a just indignation. It was thought an open piece
of robbery and burglary, when men authorized by no legal com-
mission came forcibly and turned men out of their possession and
freeholds."-BISHOP BURnet.
Houghton, Aylmar. Antidote against Hen. Hag-
gar's Poysonous Pamphlet against Baptism, Lon., 1659,
4to.
Houghton, Douglass, M.D., 1809-1845, a native of
Troy, Surgeon and Botanist to the United States Expe-
dition to explore the sources of the Mississippi River,
drew up an able and valuable Report of the Botany of the
region through which he then passed. In 1837 he was
appointed State Geologist to Michigan. See American
Houghton, J. Observations on the Evidences of
Christ's Resurrection: two Serms., Lon., 1798, Svo.
Houghton, J. Mercantile Tables, 1811, Svo.
Houghton, John. 1. A Collec. of Letters for the Im-
provement of Husbandry and Trade, Lon., 1681, 4to; 1691,
1703, fol. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. 2. Collections
for the Improvement of Husbandry, &c., 1680-95; 2d ed.,
revised by Rich. Bradley, 1727-28, 4 vols. 8vo.
*
These papers contain a great variety of curious particulars and
discussions."—McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.
3. Account of Coffee; Phil. Trans., 1699.
Houghton, John. Eng. Grammar, Lon., 1765, 8vo.
Houghton, Mary. Novels, 1810, '13, '16.
Houghton, Pendlebury. Serms., 1790-1810.
Houghton, Thomas. Rara Avis in Terris; The
Complete Miner, &c., Lon., 1681, Svo; 1688, 12mo; again
mining, &c. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
in 1729 and in 1738. Houghton pub. other works on
Houghton, Wm. Poems, 1812-13.
Houghton, Wm. 1. Exam. of Calvinism; 2d ed.,
Lon., 1849, 12mo. 2. Inquiry into the Theory of the Ang-
lican Reformers, 1852, cr. 8vo.
Houlbrook, Wm. A Blacksmith and no Jesuit;
or, The Smith of Marlborough, Lon., 1660, 12mo.
Houlbrooke, Theophilus. Serm., Lon., 1796, 4to.
Houlder, Robert. Barnevelt's Apology; with Mar-
ginal Castigations, 1618, 4to.
Houlston, Thomas, M.D., of Liverpool. Med. trea-
tises, Lon., 1773-87.
Houlston, Wm. Med. treatises, 1792, '94, Sro.
Houlton, Robert. Serms., Lon., 1765, '67.
Houlton, Robert. A Comic Opera, &c., 1800-02.
Houschone, Wm. Scotland pulling down the Gates
of Rome, Lon., 1683, 4to.
Houseman, C. A Writing; or, Declaration from the
Law-Book, &c.; 2d ed., Lon., 1821, Svo. Privately printed.
Again, 1833, Svo? See Martin's Cat. of Privately-Printed
Books; 2d ed., 1854, p. 278. This is an attack on the
Newtonian system.
Houseman, John. 1. A Topog. Descrip. of Cum-
berland, Westmoreland, Lancashire, &c., Carlisle, 1800, Svo.
2. A Descriptive Tour and Guide to the Lakes, &c., 1800,
'02, Svo.
"In my early Tours I found this book very useful.”—MS. note
in Henry Drury's copy.
No. 2 forms part of No. 1. See Upcott's Eng. Topog.,
114–115.
Housman, Robert, the founder, and for above
forty years the incumbent minister, of St. Anne's, Lancas-
ter, author of sermons, &c., 1793, &c. See his Life and
Remains, by Robert Fletcher Housman, Lon., 1841, Svo.
See Lon. Evangel. Register; Lancaster Gazetteer.
Housman, Robert Fletcher. 1. Life and Remains
of the Rev. Robert Housman. See preceding article. 2.
A Collection of English Sonnets, 1841, Svo. See Lon.
Athenæum.
Houston, Mrs., a daughter of Mr. Edward Jesse,
the author of Favourite Haunts and Rural Studies, &c.,
$97
IIOU
HOW
pas become known to the reading public by her descriptions
of her travelling adventures-viz.: 1. A Yacht Voyage to
Texas and the Gulf of Mexico, Lon., 1844, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"She inherits the easy spirit of the paternal pen. Her adven-
tures are often most diverting, and the buoyancy of her tempera-
ment seems almost unique; yet all is amiable. gentle, and good."
-MISS RIGBY: Lady Travellers: Lon. Quar. Rev., lxxvi. 124-125.
2. Hesperus; or, Travels in the West, 1850, 2 vols. p.
Svo. In this work Mrs. Houston describes her travels in
the United States of North America. See Lon. Athenæum,
1850, 99-100.
Houston, James. Observations, Geographical, Na-
tural, and Historical, on the Coast of Guinea, Lon.,1725,8vo.
Houston, James. See HOUSTOUN.
Houston, Robert. See HOUSTOUN.
Houston, T. Term-Day; a Comedy, 1803.
Houston, Rev. Thomas, of Knockbracken. 1. Di-
vine Commendation of Abraham, Lon., 1844, 18mo. Highly
commended. 2. Youthful Devotedness; Duties of Reli-
gion, 1849, 12mo. 3. Judgment of the Papacy and the
Reign of Righteousness, 1852, 12mo.
Houston, William, M.D., d. 1733, in the West In-
dies, an eminent English botanist. 1. Reliquiæ Houstoni-
anæ seu in Plantarum in America Meridionali collectar.
Icones, (26.) Londini, 1781, 4to. Pub. by Sir Joseph Banks.
2 The Contrayerva; Phil. Trans., 1731. 3. The Thorax
and Respiration; Phil. Trans., 1736.
Houston, William. See HOULSTON.
Houstoun, or Houston, James. Memoirs of his
Life-Time, and curious particulars of 30 Years' Travel,
collected from his own MS. by Bickerstaff, Lon., 1747, Svo.
Houstoun, a Scotchman, was surgeon to the Assiento Com-
pany's Factories in America, and was for many years
gaged in trading in Central America and the Spanish Main.
Houstoun, or Houston, Robert, M.D. 1. Animad.
on Lithotomia Douglassiana, Lon., 1720, Svo. 2. Hist. of
Ruptures,1726,8vo. 3. Med. papers in Phil. Trans.,1723,'24.
Hovæus, Rob., a Scotsman. De Reconciliatione
Hominis cum Deo, Bas., 1591.
Hoveden, Roger De, an English historian, lawyer,
and divine, temp. Henry II., flourished about the end of
the 12th and beginning of the 13th centuries. He was for
some time a Professor of History at Oxford; but a portion
of his life was spent at court, and in confidential services
intrusted to him by the king. He composed Annales in
Latin, commencing at the year 731, where Bede left off,
and continued to the third year of King John, 1202. The
Annales were first pub. by Sir Henry Savile, in the Scrip-
tores post Bedam, Lon., 1595, fol., and reprinted at Frank-
fort, in two books, 1601, fol. A new ed., by T. Riley, pub.
in Bohn's Antiq. Lib., vols. xx., xxiii., 1853. Vossius says
that he wrote also a history of the Northumbrian kings,
and a life of Thomas à Becket.
"If we consider his diligence, his knowledge of antiquity, and
bis religious strictness of veracity, he may be considered as having
surpassed not only the rude historians of the preceding ages, but
even what could have been expected of himself. If to that fidelity,
which is the first quality of a historian, he had joined a little more
elegance of Latin style, he might have stood the first among the
authors of that class."-LELAND.
But see Recueil des Histoires des Gaules, &c., tom. xi.,
Pref. lxxx.; tom. xiii., Pref. xxj. According to the last-
cited authority, Hoveden appears to have been chiefly a
copyist of Henry of Huntingdon, Simeon of Durham, and
Benedictus Abbas. See Tanner; Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
Hovenden, John Eykyn. 1. Treat. rel. to Fraud,
Lon., 1825, 2 vols. r. 8vo. Amer. ed., by T. Huntington,
N. York, 1832, 2 vols. r. Svo. A work of but little merit.
See 15 Amer. Jur., 368. 2. Supp. to Vesey Jr.'s Reports
of Cases in Chancery, Lon., 1827, 2 vols. r. 8vo.
Hovey, Alvah, D.D. Memoir of the Life and Times
of the Rev. Isaac Backus, Bost., 1859, 12mo.
Hovey, C. M., b. Oct. 1810, at Cambridge, Mass., for
more than twenty years ed. of the Mag. of Horticulture.
The Fruits of America: a Series of 48 Drawings, col'd
after Nature, of the choicest varieties of American Fruits,
with Botanical and Popular Descriptions, Bost., 1847, 8vo.
The horticulturist cannot well dispense with this volume.
Hovey, Ivory, 1714-1803, Minister of Plymouth,
Mass., graduated at Harvard College, 1735, pub. a serm.
on leaving Metapoiset, and one on the subject of Mortality.
How, James, Rector of Milton, Kent, pub.-1. Four
separate serms., Lon., 1728, 31, 32, '56; 2. The Reformed
Prodigal, 1762, 8vo; and, 3. Busy Bodies Anatomized, 1764,
8vo.
How, or Howe, William, 1619-1656, a native of,
and physician in, London, for some time a captain in the
king's army, was the first English botanist who gave a
sketch of a "Flora,"--viz.: Phytologia Britannica natales
exhibens Indigenarum Stirpium Sponte emergentium,
Lon., 1650, Svo.
Howard. Discourse wherein the Doctrines which
make for Tyranny are Displayed, 1597, Svo.
Howard. Moneys in Exchequer, &c., 1694, fol.
Howard, Miss. Married Life, 1811, 5 vols. 12mo.
Howard, Aune, Viscountess Irwin, d. 1760, second
daughter of Charles, Earl of Carlisle, was married first to
Richard, Viscount Irwin, and secondly to Colonel Douglas.
1. A character of the Princess Elizabeth, pub. in 1759.
2. An Ode on King George the Third, 1761. 3. An An-
swer to some Verses of Lady Mary Wortley Montague,
en-printed in the Supp. to Pope's Works, vol. i. p. 170.
Poetical Essay on Mr. Pope's Characters of Women.
last, which is her best-known piece, (see Park's Walpole's
R. and N. Authors, v. 155–157,) is highly commended by
Duncombe, in the Feminead, q. v.
How, James. Discourse on Prayer, Glasg., 1749, 8vo.
How, Samuel. Human Learning no Help to Spiritual
Understanding, Lon., 1655, 4to.
"This list contains 1220 plants, which (as few mosses and fungi
are enumerated) is a copious catalogue for that time, even admit-
ting the varieties which the present state of botany would reject;
indigenous plants of England."
but there are many articles in it which have no title to a place as
An index of plants in the Phytologia Britannica is an-
nexed to Robert Lovell's Enchiridion Botanicum, Oxf.,
1659, 2 vols. Svo; 1665, Svo.
How also pub. Matthew de L'Obell's Stirpium Illustra-
tiones, Lon., 1665, 4to. See Athen. Oxon. Wood tells us
that How
"Left behind him a choice library of books of his faculty; but
how they were bestowed I cannot tell."-Uvi supra: Bliss's ed.,
iii. 419.
What would not the Hookers and Loudons of our day
give for a sight of this curious botanical library?
How. See Howe.
4. A
The
Howard, Benjamin C., a native of Maryland, for
many years Clerk of the Supreme Court of the U. States.
Reports of Cases in Supreme Ct. U. States, 1843, to Decem-
ber Term, 1855, Bost., 18 vols. 8vo, $5 50 per vol. These
Reports follow Peters's. Dallas's, Cranch's, Wheaton's,
Peters's, and Howard's Reports constitute a complete set
of U. States Supreme Ct. Reports. Of these invaluable
Reports a new edit. is in course of publication by Little,
Brown & Co. of Boston, edited by Judge Benjamin R.
Curtis. The Old Series of these Reports, to the close of
December Term, 1854, are in 57 vols.,-viz.: Dallas, 4 vols. ;
Cranch, 9 vols.; Wheaton, 12 vols.; Peters, 16 vols.;
Howard, 17 vols. The catalogue-price of these 58 vols.
is $222. The new ed. is comprised in 22 vols., at $3 only
per vol., with Notes and a Digest of all the Decisions.
This enterprise we regard as one of the most praiseworthy
of the day. But, as the opinion of a layman is not con-
sidered "authority" by the "gentlemen of the long robe,"
we are able to strengthen our dictum by the opinions of
Judges Taney, McLean, Wayne, Catron, Daniel, Nelson,
Grier, Campbell, Walker, and Thomas, Professor Theophi-
lus Parsons, and Messrs. Angell and Ames. If any apo-
logy be required for the warm interest displayed by the
author of this Dictionary in tho Literature of Jurispru-
dence,—a laic,—-this apology has already been tendered
in his Lives of Sir William Blackstone and Lord Coke
and in other places in this volume. See CURTIS, BENJA.
MIN R.
Howard, Caroline. See GLOVER, MRS.
Howard, Hon. Charles, of Norfolk. 1. Tanning
Leather; Phil. Trans., 1674. 2. Planting, &c. of Saffron;
ibid., 1678.
Howard, Charles, Earl of Carlisle, d. 1686. Rela-
tion of his three Embassies from Charles II. to the Courts
of Muscovy, Sweden, and Denmark, 1663, '64, by G. M.,
Lon., 1669, Svo; with a portrait of the Earl, by Faithorne.
This vol., "containing many curious remarks upon the
countries through which the Earl passed," is "eprinted in
Harris's Voyages.
Howard, Charles, third Earl of Carlisle. See CAR-
LISLE.
Howard, Hon. Charles, of Greystock Castle, Cum-
berland, afterwards (1777) tenth Duke of Norfolk, d. 1786.
1. Thoughts, Essays, and Maxims, chiefly Religious and
Political, Lon., 1768, Svo. 2. Historical Anecdotes of
some of the Howard Family, 1769, Svo. Part of this work
(now very rare) was intended for a Preface to a new ed.
of the Poems of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. A copy
(of the Anecdotes) was sold at the Fonthill sale for £3 3s.
See a description of the work in Moule's Bibl. Heraldica,
898
HOW
HOW
|
DCXXII. It is said that it was suppressed by the author.
See Memorial of Charles Howard, Esq., of Greystock, &c.,
in Martin's Bibl. Cat. of Privately-Printed Books, ed.
1854, p. 61; Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 973.
Howard, Daniel. 1. Treat. on Summary Proceed-
1. Treat. on Summary Proceed-
ings, &c., Lon., 1812, Svo. 2. Do. before Magistrates,
1814, 8vo.
Howard, Hon. Edward, son of Thomas, Earl of
Berkshire, and brother of Sir Robert Howard, "exposed
himself to the severity of our satirists by writing bad
plays." 1. The Usurper; Trag., Lon., 1668, 4to. The
character of Damocles was intended for Oliver Cromwell.
See the letter by Thomas Hobbes, prefixed to this play.
2. Six Days' Adventure; a Com., 1671, 4to. 3. The Wo-
man's Conquest; Tragi-Com., 1671, 4to. 4. The Man of
Newmarket; Com., 1678, 4to. 5. The Change of Crownes;
a Play. Not printed. 6. The London Gentleman; a Com.
Not printed. 7. The United Kingdoms; Tragi-Com. Not
printed. He was also the author of S. The British
Princes; an Heroic Poem, 1669, Svo. 9. Poems and Es-
says, &c., 1674, 8vo. See Biog. Dramat.
Duke of Richmond, Henry VIII.'s natural son; and he
subsequently accompanied his friend to Cardinal College,
now Christ Church, Oxford. In 1535 be was married to
the Lady Frances Vere, in 1542 served in the army
under his father in Scotland, and in 1544 was appointed
Field-Marshal of the English army on the Continent. He
did good service at the sieges of Landrecy and Boulogne,
and, by his valour, skill, and accomplishments, secured a
degree of popular favour which excited the jealousy of
the king and the Earl of Hertford, the king's brother,
and thus proved his ruin. In 1546 he was ordered to
return from the Continent, made a prisoner on his arrival
in England, convicted of high treason on the most absurd
pretences, and beheaded on Tower Hill, January 19, 1547.
He left two sons and three daughters to mourn his un-
timely and melancholy end. Much obscurity rests upon
his adventures as a romantic traveller and poetical lover,
and until recently but little was known of the far-famed
lady to whom he indited the most celebrated of his effu-
sions; but
|
Sir Robert [Howard] was the original hero of The Rehearsal,
and was called Bilboa. In the remodelled Dunciad, Pope inserted
the lines,
"It seems to be now ascertained, after sweeping away a host of
foolish legends and traditionary prejudices, that the Geraldine of
Surrey, Lady Elizabeth Fitzgerald, was a child of thirteen. for
whom his passion, if such it is to be called, began several years
after his own marriage. But, in fact, there is more of the conven-
tional toue of amorous song than of real emotion in Surrey's
poetry. The
:
'And high-born Howard, more majestic sire,
With Fool of Quality completes the choir.'
Pope's 'high-born Howard' was Edward Howard, the author of The
British Princes."-T. B. Macaulay's Hist. of Eng., vol. iii. 1856.
See HOWARD, SIR ROBERT, M.P., in this Dictionary.
Howard, Hon. Edward. 1. Philosophy of Des-
cartes, Lon., 1701, 4to. 2. Copernicus Convicted, 1705,
8vo.
Howard, Edward. 1. New Fulminating Mercury;
Nie. Jour, 1800, and Phil. Trans., 1800. 2. Stony and
Metalline Substances, &c., Nic. Jour. 1802; Phil. Trans.,
1802.
1842.
Howard, Edward, Lt., R.N., a popular novelist, d.
1. The Old Commodore, Lon., 1837, 3 vols. p. Sro.
2. Rattlin the Reefer, 1838; 1839, 12mo; 1849, 12mo. 3.
Outward-Bound, 1838, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 4. Memoir of Ad-
miral Sir William Sidney Smith, G.C.B., 1839, 2 vols. Svo.
5. Jack Ashore, 1840, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1849, 12mo. 6. Sir
Henry Morgan, the Buccaneer, 1842, 3 vols. p. Svo. See
the authentic memoirs of Sir Henry Morgan in Lon. Gent.
Mag. for 1832, vol. cii. Pt. 1, 128, 131. Lieut. Howard
also pub. many pieces in the periodicals of the day.
Howard, Frank, a son of Henry Howard, the emi-
nent artist, (post.) 1. The Spirit of the Plays of Shak-
speare exhibited in a Series of Outline Plates illustrative
of the Story of each Play, with Quotations and Descrip-
tions, 1827-33; 491 Plates; bound in 5 vols. Svo, £14 Ss.;
large paper, r. 4to, £25 48. The plates are sold sepa-
rately. This is a most valuable work. 2. Sketcher's
Manual, or The whole art of Picture Making reduced to
the Simplest Principles, 1837, 12mo; also, 1841; 1846;
1852. 3. Colour as a Means of Art, 1838, p. 8vo.
"A pretty book, which we may recommend as giving useful
hints: tinted lithograph plates illustrate the keys of harmony in
which different artists wrought."-Lon. Athenæum.
"Mr. Howard has done great service in this attempt to reduce
to principles of certainty those qualities which have been hitherto
vaguely referred to taste."-Lon. Atlus.
4. Imitative Art, or the Means of Representing the
Pictorial Appearance of Objects, p. 8vo; 1840. 5. Science
of Drawing; in 3 Pts., 12mo, 1839–40. See HOWARD,
HENRY, of Royal Academy.
Howard, Frederick, Earl of Carlisle. See CARLISLE.
Howard, George, i.e. Lieut. F. C. Laird, R.N.
1. Lady Jane Grey and her Times, Lon., 1822, Svo.
"Lieut. Laird himself told me 35 or 36 years ago that he was the
author of this book."-T. H. Horne, D.D., to S. A. Allibone, Oct. 1858.
2. Wolsey the Cardinal, and his Times, 1824, Svo.
Howard, George William Frederick, Earl of
Carlisle. See CARLISLE.
Howard, Gorges Edmund, d. in London in 1786,
a poet and architect, dramatic, legal, and political writer,
pub. his Miscellaneous Works in Dublin, 1782, 3 vols. Svo.
He pub. enough matter to fill 4 quarto and 11 octavo vols.
His most useful publications were those on the Exche-
quer, Chancery, Revenue, and Trade of Ireland, 1759-81.
See Biog. Dramat.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Marvin's Leg.
Bibl.
Howard, Henry, Earl of Surrey, 1518?-1547, one
of the most eminent of English poets, was the third son
of Thomas, Earl of Surrey, and third Duke of Norfolk,
by his second duchess, Elizabeth, daughter of Edward
Stafford, Duke of Buckingham. In his early youth be
was a companion at Windsor Castle to Henry Fitzroy,
Heury Fitzroy,
Easy sighs, such as men draw in love,'
are not like the deep sorrows of Petrarch or the fiery transports of
the Castilians."-Hallam's Lil. Hist. of Europe, ed. 1854, i. 426.
The passion, if such we are to call it, for “The Fair Ge-
raldine" commenced in 1541, or six years after his marriage
to Lady Frances Vere. Geraldine, the daughter of Gerald
Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare, (most probably the Lady Eliza-
beth,) was born in 1528. She became the third wife of
Edward Clinton, Earl of Lincoln. Those who desire to
enter more deeply into this subject and the details of our
noble author's life, and the characteristics of his poetry,
will find ample materials for their investigations in the
authorities cited in the course of this article.
1. The Songes
and Sonnettes of Henry, Earle of Surrey, and others, (Sir
Thomas Wyatt, &c.,) were printed (1st edit.) by R. Toitel,
Lon., 1557, 16mo, and sm. 4to. Other edits. 2. Songs and
Sonnets, 1565, 16mo. 3. Songs and Sonnettes, 1367. Con-
sidered the most correct of the early edits. 4. 1569. 5.
6. Songes and Sonets, by Surrey and others, 1585,
16mo. 7. Poems, 1587, 16mo. S. Poems of Surrey, Wiat,
and others, with Memoirs of his Life and Writings, 1717,
Svo. Dr. Sewell, the editor and biographer, did not under-
stand the language of his author, and has therefore been
led into numerous errors. This edit. is therefore of no
value save as a warning to incompetent editors.
1574.
"One of the most slovenly and defective works that has ap
peared."-PARK: Warton's Hist. of Eng. Foetry, ed. 1840, iii. 29.
9. Songes and Sonettes, 1717, Svo. Incomplete; ending
with the Poems of Sir Thos. Wyatt. 10. Poems, 1807, 2
vols. Svo. Edited by Bishop Percy and George Steevens.
Nearly all destroyed by the fire at Nichols's printing-office.
11. The Works of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, and those
of Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder, edited by Geo. Fred. Nott,
D.D., with a Preface, Memoirs of the Earl of Surrey, a
Dissert, on the State of Eng. Poetry before the 16th Cent.:
Collation of Surrey's and Douglas's Translations of the
Eneid, and Notes, with Memoirs of the Earl of North-
ampton, an Appendix, a General Index, and Glossary,
1815-16, 2 vols. 4to, £7 78. A review of this valuable edit.
will be found in Edin. Rev., xxvii. 390-422; and see Hal-
lam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, ed. 1854, i. 424-429. 12. Poems
of Surrey and Wyatt, with Original Memoirs by Sir N.
Harris Nicolas, 1831, 2 vols. cr. Svo. The same in 2 vols.
fp. Svo forin vols. x. and xi. of Pickering's Aldine ed. of
the British Poets. 13. Surrey's Poems, with those of Minor
Contemporaries, 1854, 12mo. Some of Surrey's Poems,
omitted by Tottel, will be found at the end of Harrington's
Nuga Antiquæ. His Poems have been reprinted in John-
son's and Chalmers's English Poets. 14. The Fourth Boke
of Virgill, intreeting of the Love betwene Æneas and Dido ;
translated into English and drawn into a straunge Metre
by Henry, Earle of Surrey, sine anno, 4to. With the Se-
lege Library, one in the Library of Wadham College. Ox-
cond 1557, sm. Svo. A copy is in the Dulwich Col-
ford, and another in the British Museum. Reprinted by
Baron Bolland, for the Roxburghe Club, 1814, 4to. The
straunge metre" is nothing else than blank verse.
66
"This is the first composition iu blank verse extant in the Eur
lish language. Nor has it merely the relative and accidental merit
of being a curiosity. It is executed with great fidelity, yet not
with a prosaic servility.
with a prosaic servility. The diction is often poetical, and the
663
HOW
IOW
versification varied with proper pauses.... It seems probable that
his active situations of life prevented him from completing a de-
sign of translating the whole Eneid."--Warton's Hist. of Eng.
Poetry, ed. 1840, iii. 36.
b
Surrey is the first who introduced blank verse into our Eng-
lish poetry.... The translation by Surrey of the second book of
the Eneid, in blank verse, is among the chief of his productions.
No one had, before his time, known how to translate or imitate
with appropriate expression. But the structure of his verse is not
very harmonious, and the sense is rarely carried beyond the line.
If we could rely on a theory advanced and ably supported by his
editor. [Dr. Nott.] Surrey deserves the still more conspicuous praise
of having brought about a great revolution in our poetical num-
bers."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, ed. 1854, i. 427, q. v.
And see our life of NICHOLAS GRIMBOLD, in this Dic-
tionary, p. 743; and authorities cited in the course of this
article. To refer to these authorities is the more necessary
from the fact that our narrow limits warn us that we must
not linger on so tempting a theme. But a few lines of
quotation of opinions respecting the illustrious subject of
our notice we are not willing to dispense with.
We should not omit to record the fact that Surrey's
translations of some of the Psalms and of Ecclesiastes into
English verse, and a few additional original poems, were
printed by Dr. Percy, but destroyed in the fire at Nichols's
office, Feb. 1808. Surrey was the author of many other
English poetical compositions, never pub., several of which
are now lost.
ed. 1840.
"John Clerc has mentioned, with the highest commendations,
many translations done by Surrey from the Latin, Italian, French,
and Spanish languages. But these, it is probable, were nothing
more than juvenile exercises." See Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poetry,
"We now emerge from the twilight of learning to an almost
classic author, that ornament of a boisterous yet not unpolished
court, the Earl of Surrey, celebrated by Drayton, Dryden, Fenton,
and Pope, illustrated by his own muse, and lamented for his un-
happy and unmerited death; a man,' as Sir Walter Raleigh says.
no less valiant than learned, and of excellent hopes."-HORACE
WALPOLE: Purk's ed., 1806, i. 255.
6
See also, in addition to the authorities cited above,
Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon. i. 154-161; Dibdin's Lib.
Comp., ed. 1825, 689-692; Campbell's Specimens of the
British Poets: Headley's Select Beauties of the Ancient
Eng. Poets, 1810, i. lv.; Drake's Shakspeare and his
Times; Johnson's and Chalmers's Eng. Poets; Chalmers's
Biog. Diet.; Edin. Rev., xlii. 49; Lon. Month. Rev.,
lxxxiii. 43, 102; Dubl. Univ. Mag., xvi. 573-589; Lon.
Gent. Mag., January, 1759.
Howard, Henry, Earl of Northampton, 1539?-1614,
second son of the preceding, was most unworthy of his
illustrious parentage; in proof of which it is enough to
mention his complicity with the infamous match of his
great-niece, the Countess of Essex, with Carr, Viscount
Rochester, and his share in the murder of Sir Thomas
Overbury. He was educated at King's College and at
Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where, says Bishop Godwin, ho
was esteemed "the learnedest amongst the nobility, and
the most noble amongst the learned." Of his "learning"
there seems to be but little doubt: his "nobility," how-
ever, cannot be so readily allowed. He left in MS., An
To the eulogists of Surrey, Park adds the names of Le- Apology for the Government of Woman, Forms of Prayer,
land, Ascham, Tuberville, Churchyard, Sir Philip Sidney, &c., and pub. the following very curious work:-A Defensa-
Webbe, Puttenham, Meres, Harvey, Whitney, Drayton, tive against the Poyson of supposed Prophecies, Lon.,
Bolton, Peacham, Dryden, Lodge, Brydges, Ellis, Ander-1583, 4to; 1620, fol. Of this vol., dedicated to Sir Francis
son, Warton, and Henry. The list could be enlarged if it Walsingham, which principally relates to expositions of
were requisite.
Judicial Astrology, Dreams, Oracles, Conferences with
Familiars or Damned Spirits, &c., a copious analysis
will be found in Oldys's British Librarian, 331–343. See
also Censura Literaria; Park's Walpole's R. and N. Au.
thors; Lloyd's Worthies.
"The character of Henry, Earl of Surrey, reflects splendour even
upon the name of Howard.. He revived, in an age too rude to
enjoy fully those beauties which mere nature could not but in
some degree relish, the force of expression, the polished style, and
the passionate sentiments, of the best poets of antiquity."-LODGE:
Biog. Accounts of the Holbein Portraits.
"Surrey, for his justness of thought, correctness of style, and
purity of expression, may justly be pronounced the first English
classical poet. He unquestionably is the first polite writer of love-
verses in our language. It must, however, be allowed that there
is a striking native beauty in some of our love-verses written much
earlier than Surrey's. But in the most savage age and countries
rude nature has taught elegance to the lover.... Surrey's talents,
which are commouly supposed to have been confined to sentiment
and amorous lamentation, were adapted to descriptive poetry and
the representations of rural imagery.... Surrey is said, by the in-
genious author [editor] of the MUSES' LIBRARY, to have been the
first who broke through the fashion of stanzas and wrote in the
heroic couplet. But all Surrey's poems are in the alternate rhyme;
nor, had this been true, is the other position to be granted. Chau
cer's Prologues and most of the Canterbury Tales are written in
long verse: nor was the use of the couplet resumed till late in the
reign of Elizabeth.... In the sonnets of Surrey we are surprised
to find nothing of that metaphysical cast which marks the Italian
poets, his supposed masters, especially Petrarch. Surrey's senti
ments are for the most part natural and unaffected; arising from
his own feelings, and dictated by the present circumstances.
poetry is alike unembarrassed by learned allusions or elaborate con-
ceits. If our author copies Petrarch, it is Petrarch's better man-
ner: when he descends from his Platonic abstractions, his refine
ments of passion, his exaggerated compliments. and his play upon
opposite sentiments, into a track of tenderness, simplicity, and
nature. Petrarch would have been a better poet had he been a
worse scholar. Our author's mind was not too much overlaid by
learning."-Wurton's Hist. of Eng. l'oetry, ed. 1840, iii. 29, 30, 35,
41.
Dr. Nott's comparison between Wyatt and Surrey, in the
Dissertation prefixed to the 2d vol. of his ed. of Wyatt and
Surrey, (vide ante,) is well worth perusal, but the work of
which it forms a portion can rarely be had. The reader,
however, will find an extract from this Dissertation in
Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, ed. 1854, i. 425-426. The
last-named eminent authority remarks of Surrey:
|
|
and Douglas, are applle, equally to the most different things, so
as to show that they annexed no meaning to them. Surrey rarely
Jays an unnatural stress on final syllables, merely as such, which
they would not receive in ordinary pronunciation; another usual
trick of the school of Chaucer. His words are well chosen and
well arranged."—Ubi supra, i. 426-427.
The influence of Surrey and Wyatt's poetry upon the
taste of his age was by no means so extensive as we might
reasonably imagine it would have been:
The taste of this accomplished man is more striking than his
poetical genius. He did much for his own country and his native
language. The versification of Surrey differs very considerably
from that of his predecessors. He introduced. as Dr. Nott says, a
sort of involution into his style, which gives an air of dignity
and remoteness from common life. It was, in fact, borrowed from
the license of Italian poetry, which our own idiom has rejected.
He avoids pedantic words forcibly obtruded from the Latin, of
which our earlier poets, both English and Scots, had been ridicu-
lously fond. The absurd epithets of IIoccleve, Lydgate, Dunbar,
"The graces of the Italian muse, which had been taught by
Surrey and Wyatt, were confined to a few.... Although Lord
Surrey and some others had so far deviated from the dulness o.
the times as to copy the Italian poets, the same taste does not
seem to have uniformly influenced all the nobility of the court
of King Henry the Eighth who were fond of writing verses."--
Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poetry, ed. 1840, iii. 72, 83-84, q. v., with
the authors referred to in the text and notes.
Howard, Henry. Cookery, Lon., 1710, '26, Svo.
Howard, Henry. Dirge, &c., Lon., 1762, 4to.
Howard, Henry, 1757-1842, a descendant of Henry
Howard, the illustrious Earl of Surrey, (vide ante,) was a
son of Philip Howard, of Corby Castle, (cide post.) He
assisted in the preparation of several valuable works, and
pub. himself—1. Antiquarian' papers in Archæol., 1800,
03; 2. A Drill of Light Infantry, &c., 1805, Svo; 3. Er-
roneous Opinions commonly entertained respecting the
Catholic Religion, 1826; several edits.; 4. Indication of
Memorials, &c. of the Howard Family, 1834, fol. Re-
specting the last-named work, see Martin's Bibl. Cat. of
Privately-Printed Books, ed. 1854, p. 449. A biogra-
phical notice of Mr. Howard, and an account of his
literary labours, will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag., April,
1842.
Howard, Henry, a distinguished artist of the Royal
Academy. Lects. on Painting, delivered at the Royal
Academy, with a Memoir, by his son, Frank Howard,
Lon., 1848, p. 8vo. See Blackw. Mag., xiv. 10; xli. 193;
xlii. 338; xlvi. 305, 315; xlviii. 378.
Howard, Hon. Henry E. J., D.D., Dean of Lich-
field. 1. Old Test. History, Lon., 1840, 12mo; 2d ed.,
1851, 12mo. 2. New Test. History, 1841, 12mo. These
works are composed of Familiar Lectures. 3. The Book of
Genesis, according to the version of the LXX. Trans.
into English, with Notices of its Omissions and Insertions,
and with Notes on the Passages in which it differs from
our Authorized Version, Cambridge, 1856, er. Svo.
We recommend to all who would enter successfully on the
cultivation of the Sacred Literature of the Old Testament, to
begin with this volume, and they will find their knowledge of
both the Hebrew and Greek Scripture greatly increased as they
follow the guide thus prepared for them."-Lon. Journal of
Sacred Literature.
Howard, J. B. Ways and Means; or, Every Man
his own Financier, 1812, 8vo.
Howard, J. H. 1. Laws of the Brit. Colonies, &c.
8vo. 2. Duties of Solicitors in Sales by Auction, &c.,
rel. to Real and Personal Property, &c., Lon., 1827, 2 vols.
1827, 8vo.
Howard, Jacob M. Trans. from the French of
900
HOW
HOW
Mlle. M. A. Le Normand's Historical and Secret Memoirs
of the Empress Josephine, Phila., 2 vols. 12mo.
Howard, Hon. James, youngest son of Thomas,
Earl of Berkshire, and brother of Sir Robert Howard,
the author, and of Lady Elizabeth Howard, wife of John
Dryden. 1. All Mistaken, or The Mad Couple; Com.,
Lon., 1672, 4to. 2. The English Monsieur; Com.. 1674, 4to.
"Represented with success, and held in esteem in their time."
-Biog. Dramat.
3. Romeo and Juliet; Trag.; altered from Shakspeare.
Not printed. See Biog. Dramat.; Downes's Roscius
Anglicanus, p. 22.
Howard, John, Rector of Marston Trussel, North-
ampton, &c., pub. a number of serms., 1693-1728.
Howard, John, 1726–1790, the eminent philanthro-
pist, whose name will in all ages be held in reverent
esteem, was a native of Hackney, London, the son of a
wealthy tradesman, and the inheritor of a large fortune.
In 1777 he visited every prison in the United Kingdom,
and pub. the results of his investigations in the same
year, in a vol. entitled The State of the Prisons in Eng-
land and Wales, &c., Warrington, 4to. Appendix, 1780,
4to; 2d ed. of the whole, 1780, Evo; 3d ed., 1784, 4to;
4th ed., 1786, 4to; Lon., 1792, 4to. In 1780 he pub. a
trans. of a French Account of the Bastile; and in 1789
the Duke of Tuscany's New Code of Civil Law, with an
English trans. The deplorable condition of the prisons
at home excited a determination to visit those of foreign
countries, with the hope of benefit to the miserable in-
mates; and faithfully did this good man carry out his
praiseworthy enterprise. A detail of his labours does
not, of course, enter into the plan of a work of this cha-
racter; but it is only proper that we should direct the
reader to the best sources of information respecting a
philanthropist whose praise was in every one's mouth,
from the rough benediction of the illiterate convict to the
splendid eulogy of the greatest orator of modern Europe.
He died at Kherson, South Russia, January 20, 1790, of
a malignant fever, caught during a visit to a young lady
for whom the benefit of his counsel had been invoked.
He was buried with distinguished honours by the Russian
authorities, and his death excited a profound sensation
throughout the civilized world. A monumental statue to
his memory, by Bacon, was erected in St. Paul's Cathedral.
Howard pub. in 1789, 4to, (2d ed., 1791, 4to,) An Account
of the principal Lazarettos in Europe, with various Papers
relative to the Plague, &c.; and contributed a paper on
the Heat of the Waters at Bath to Phil. Trans., 1767, and
another on the Heat of the Ground on Mt. Vesuvius, to
Phil. Trans., 1771. See A View of the Character, &c. of
Howard, by John Aikin, M.D., 1792, 8vo; Howard and
the Prison-World of Europe, by Wm. Hepworth Dixon,
1849, 12mo; 5th ed., 1854, fp. Svo; Memoirs of Howard,
by Thos. Taylor, 2d ed., 12mo; Memoirs of Howard, by
J. B. Brown, 1845, Svo; Life of Howard, by John Field,
1850, Sro; Correspondence of Howard, by the same,
1855, fp. Svo; Howard and Napoleon Contrasted, 1840,
12mo: Foster's Essays; Works of Robert Hall; Works
of Edmund Burke; Edin. Month. Rev., i. 95; Lon. Month.
Rev., cv. 422; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxvi. 541; Blackw.
Mag., xxxiv. 35; lxvii. 50; Bost. Living Age, (from the
Lon. Spectator,) xxiii. 171; do., (from Fraser's Mag..)
xxv. 369; New Haven Chris. Quar. Spec., (by R. Robbins,)
iii. 393; Amer. Month. Rev., iv. 255; New Eng. Mag., v.
332. We need hardly remark, in conclusion, that the in-
fluence of Christianity was the great moving-power which
sent John Howard from the pleasant home and lovely
scenery in which he so greatly delighted to visit the cheer-
less cells of the miserable, the neglected, and the forsaken
of earth. The barren creed of infidelity enforces no such
duties, seeks no such honours, and submits to no such
sacrifices. Yet this Apostle of Humanity understood too
well the spirit of the Gospel of Christ to suppose that
even his labours-abundant and self-sacrificing as they
were-could do aught to procure remission of sin or pur-
chase acceptance with his Maker:
"My immortal spirit," says he, "I cast on the sovereign mercy
of God, through Jesus Christ, who is the Lord, my strength and
my song, and, I trust, has become my salvation. My desire is to
be washed and cleansed, and justified, in the blood of Christ, and
to dedicate myself to that Saviour who has bought us with a
price."
We have had occasion to record in this volume memo-
rials of many of the mighty, many of the noble, of the
illustrious name of HowARD; but this one "excelleth them
all."
Howard, John. Medical treatises, Lon., 1782–1811.
Howard, John. Geometry, Lon., 1798, Svo.
Howard,
Howard, John Jarrard, surgeon. Ovid's Meta-
morphoses, trans. into Blank Verse, Lon., 1807, 2 vols.
Howard, John Owen. Clara; a Poem, Dubl.,
1816.
Howard, John Walter. The Alarm Sounded; or,
An Alarm to the Protestants of G. Britain, 1812, 8vo.
Howard, Leonard, D.D., Rector of St. George's,
Southwark, London, d. 1787, pub. a number of Serms.,
1736-61, and A Collection of Letters and State Papers,
Lon., 1753-56, 2 vols. 4to.
"Notwithstanding the trash which fills a large portion of its
pages, several articles of a redeeming character will be found;
and a few of them do not yield in interest to many which occur
in far more popular Collections."-Lon. Retrosp. Rev., N. S., 1-
16. 1827.
Howard, Luke, pub. an Essay on Clouds, Lon.,
1802, Svo, and other works on Meteorology, &c., 1842,
&c.
Howard, Nathan, Jr., b. 1808, in Stephentown, N.
York. 1. N. York Supreme Ct. Spec. Term Reports, Al-
bany, 1845-55, 10 vols. 8vo. Issued in monthly nos. of
96 pp. each; 6 nos. comprising a vol. 2. Cases of Points,
&c. in the Ct. of Appeals of N. York, vol. i., 1855, 8vo.
Howard, Nathaniel. 1. Bickleigh Vale; with other
Poems. 1804, Svo. 2. Trans. of the Inferno of Dante
into Eng. Blank Verse, 1807, 12mo. 3. Eng. and Greek
Vocabulary for the Young, 1808, 12mo. Since reprinted.
Other Greek and Latin educational works.
Howard, Philip, of Corby Castle, d. 1810, a de-
scendant of the illustrious Henry Howard, Earl of Sur-
rey, was the father of Henry Howard, author of The
Memorials, &c. of the Howard Family, (vide ante.) The
Scriptural Hist. of the Earth and of Mankind, &c., Lon.,
1797, 4to. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 722; Lon. Gent.
Mag., April, 1842.
Howard, Sir Robert, M.P., 1626-1698, a younger
son of Thomas, Earl of Berkshire, and brother of Edward
Howard and James Howard, (ante,) educated at Magda-
lene College, Cambridge, was a warm adherent of Charles
I., and at the Restoration was rewarded for his services
by being knighted and made Auditor of the Exchequer.
He was so noted for his dogmatism that Shadwell, the
poet, ridiculed him, in his comedy of The Sullen Lovers,
under the character of Sir Positive At-all. As an author
he is not entitled to much consideration. 1. The Fourth
Book of Virgil, trans., 1660, Svo.
Book of Virgil, trans., 1660, Sro. 2. Poems, 1660, Svo.
Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 374, £1 10s. 3. Statius's Achilles,
trans., 1660, Svo. 4. Four New Playes, 1665, fol. 5. The
Great Favourite, or The Duke of Lerma; Trag., 1668,
4to. 6. The Duels of the Stags: a Poem, 1668. 7. Hist.
Observ. upon the Reigns of Edward I., II., III., and
Richard II., &c., 1689, 12mo. S. Hist. of the Reigns of
Edward and Richard II., 1690, Svo. 9. Letter to Mr.
Saml. Johnson, 1692. Svo. 10. Five New Plays, 1692,
fol. 11. Hist. of Religion, 1694, 1709, Svo. 12. Poems
and Plays. 13. Dramatic Works, 1722, 12mo. Sir Robert's
most popular plays were" The Indian Queen, 1665, fol.,
and The Committee, 1665, fol. See the list of his seven
plays in Biog. Dramat. Sir Robert ventured to criticize
some positions respecting rhyme in his brother-in-law
John Dryden's Essay on Dramatic Poesy. To these
observations the latter replied in a tone of much acri-
mony. See Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, ed. 1854,
iii. 556.
The poetry of the Berkshire Howards was the jest of three
generations of satirists. The mirth began with the first repre
sentation of The Rehearsal, and continued down to the last edi-
tion of the Dunciad."-T. B. Macaulay's Hist. of Eng., vol. iii.,
1856.
also Cibber's Lives; Nichols's Poems; Ellis's Specimens;
See HOWARD, HON. EDWARD, in this Dictionary. See
Malone's Dryden; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Darling's
Cyc. Bibl., i. 1559.
1726, trans. to Elphin, 1729. Serm., Dubl., 1738, 4to.
Howard, Robert, d. about 1740, Bishop of Killala,
Howard, Robert, M.D. 1. Revelations of Egyptian
Mysteries, Lon., 1850, Svo.
Mysteries, Lon., 1850, Svo. 2. Salt the Forbidden Fruit
or Food; 4th ed., 1851, p. Svo. 3. Saturnian Religion the
Shield of Health, 1851, p. Svo. 4. Burning of the World,
and the New Earth, 1853, Svo.
Howard, Samuel, Mus. Doc., d. about 1783, a mu-
sical composer, the author of many popular ballads,
began to flourish about 1740; and, from that time till
Harmony, Howard's pieces
Arne's Vauxhall songs were pub, under the title of Lyric
"Were the most natural and pleasing which England could
boast." See Burney's Hist. of Music.
Howard, Sarah. Female Education, 1783, 12mo.
Howard, Simeon, D.D., 1733-1804, a minister of
901
HOW
HOW
Boston, Mass., graduated at Harvard College, 1783, pub.
six sorms., 1773, 77, 78, 79, '80, 'SI.
Howard, Sylvanus, of the Middle Temple. Every
Tradesman his own Lawyer, Lon., 1794, Svo.
Howard, Thomas, Earl of Arundel. 1. Journal of
his Embassy to the Emperor Ferdinand II., Lon., 1637,
4to. 2. True Relation of the Remarkable Places and
Passages observed in his Travels when Ambassador, 1637,
4to. 3. Relation of his Voyage on his Embassy to the
Emperor of Morocco, 1670, 4to.
|
Howard, V. E. 1. Mississippi Law Reports, 1834-
44, Phila., &c., 1839-44, 7 vols. Svo. 2. In conjunction
with A. Hutchinson, Statute Laws of Mississippi, 1840, Svo.
Howard, W. W., late Prof. of Ancient and Modern
Languages in the Western Military Institute, Kentucky.
Aids to French Composition, N. York, 1854, 12mo.
Howard, William. Chronicon ex Chronicis, ab
initio Mundi, vsque ad annum Domini 1118, deductvm
Auctore Florentio Wigorniense. Accessit etiam continu-
atio vsque ad annum Christi 1141, per quendam eiusdem
cœnobij eruditum: nunquam antehac in lucem editum,
Lon., 1592, 4to.
Howard, William. Christian Loyalty, Lon., 1634,
Lon., 1634,
4to.
Howarth, Henry, Rector of St. George's, Hanover
Square, London. 1. Four Serms. on the Moral Laws of
Moses, Camb., 1833, 8vo. 2. Serms. at the Hulsean Lect.,
1835 and 1836, 2 vols. 12mo, 1836. 3. Serms. on the
Liturgy as it is; 2d ed., 1847, fp. 8vo. 4. Serm. before the
4. Serm. before the
Sons of the Clergy, 1847, Sro.
Howe, Charles, 1661-1745, a native of Gloucester-spired
shire, of an ancient family, a diplomatist under James II.
Devout Meditations, Evo. Anon. 2d ed., Edin., 1752,
12mo, with the author's name. Often reprinted. An ed.
appeared in London in 1824.
An exquisite little work."-BISHOP JEBB.
"The book of Meditations I have read, and more than once;
and I shall never lay it far out of my reach: for a greater de-
monstration of a sound head and sincere heart I never saw.”-
Dr. Edward Young, the poet, to Archibald MacAulay, Jun. 19,
1752.
|
2 vols. Svo. Howe's Whole Works, edi.ed by Rev. John
Hunt, of Chichester, were pub. in 1810-22, 8 vols. r. Svo.
This ed. contains-I. vols. i.-iv., the contents of the 2 fol.
vols. of 1724; II. vols. v.-vi., his Posthumous Works,
being 78 Serms. and a portion of Pt. 1 of the Principles
of the Oracles of God; III. vols. vii.-viii., now matter
never before pub. This ed. was pub. at £3 38.; large
paper, r. Svo, £148. Contents, with the Life by Calamy,
repub., 1832, imp. Svo, pp. 1278, £2 28.; again in 1838,
imp. Svo, £1 10s. A new ed., to be comprised in 9 vols.
8vo, has been recently (in May, 1856) announced as in
preparation by Messrs. Johnstone and Hunter, of Edin-
burgh. There have also been new edits. of separate trea-
tises of this author, edited by Noel Gordon, &c.; a Selec-
tion from his Works and Sketch of his Life, by Rev. W.
Wilson, D.D., 1827, 2 vols. 18mo; Select Treatises, with
a Memoir by Thos. Taylor, 1835, 12mo; a selection en-
titled Christian Theology, by John Howe, selected and
systematically arranged, with a Life, by Samuel Dunn,
1836, 12mo; and a Life and Character of Howe, by II.
Rogers. Howe's best-known works are The Living Tem-
ple; The Blessedness of the Righteous; Of Delighting
in God; The Redeemer's Tears; Enmity and Reconcilia-
tion; The Redeemer's Dominion over the Invisible
World; The Office and Work of the Holy Spirit; God's
Prescience; The Vanity of this Mortal Life. There are but
few theological authors recorded in our Dictionary whose
writings have been so enthusiastically commended as
those of John Howe.
▸▸
**
Tis too sure, that in this age of variety, of self-flying engage-
ments, there are not many to be found who have a relish for such
sublime and spiritual enjoyment as these Meditations are capable
of affording."-Bishop Hildesley to Miss Ihells, 13 Dec. 1754.
See Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. xiv. Pt. 2, 595, 700; But-
ler's Life of Bp. Hildesley, 363.
Howe, Elias, Jr., of Boston, has pub. about twenty
popular musical educational works.
Howe, Fisher, b. 1798, at Rochester, New Hamp-
shire. Oriental and Sacred Scenes; from Notes of Travel
in Greece, Turkey, and Palestine, N. York, 1854, 12mo, pp.
408, with Maps and Col'd Engravings, Lon., 1854, fp. 8vo.
Howe, H. D. Clara Evesham; or, The Life of a
School-Girl, Lon., 1850, 18mo.
Howe, Dr. H. The Old Missionary-Box, Lon., 1855.
Howe, Henry, b. 1816, at New Haven, Conn., son
of Hezekiah Howe, a well-known publisher. 1. Memoir
of Eminent Mechanics, N. York, 1839, 12mo. 2. In con-
junction with John W. Barber, of New Haven, Historical
Collections of New York, N. Haven, 1841, 8vo. 3. Also
in conjunction with J. W. B., Hist. Collec. of N. Jersey,
1844, 8vo. 4. Hist. Collec. of Virginia, Charleston, 1844,
8vo; 1856, Svo. 5. Hist. Collec. of Ohio, 1847, Svo;
1849, 8vo. 6. The Great West, 1851. 7. Travels and
Adventures of Celebrated Travellers, 1853.
Howe, James. Leasing Lands, Lon., 1813, Svo.
Howe, John, 1630-1705, an eminent Non-conformist
divine, son of the minister of Loughborough, Leicester-
shire, was educated at Christ Coll., Cambridge, became
Fellow of Magdalene Coll., Oxf., subsequently minister
of Great Torrington, Devonshire, and domestic chaplain
to Oliver Cromwell, and afterwards to Richard Cromwell;
ejected for Non-conformity, 1662; chaplain to Lord Mas-
sarene, in Ireland, where he was permitted to preach,
1671 to 1675; chosen minister of the late Dr. Lazarus
Seaman's congregation in London, 1675; visited the Con-
tinent with Lord Wharton in 1685; returned to London
in 1687; and continued to labour among his old con-
gregation until his death, which occurred April 2, 1705.
He was a man of profound learning, eminent piety, and
unwearied zeal. He was the author of many sermons and
theological treatises, which have always been held in the
highest estimation. A collective edit. of the works which
he pub. in his lifetime, accompanied by a Life of the
author by Dr. Edmund Calamy, appeared in 1724, 2 vols.
fol.; repub. in 1848, 3 vols. 8vo, £1 78., edited by Rev.
J. P. Hewlett. Two vols. of Serms. were pub. in 1744,
902
"He seems to have understood the gospel as well as any unin-
writer, and to bave imbibed as much of its spirit. There
is the truest sublime to be found in his writings, and some of the
strongest pathos; yet, often obscure, generally harsh, he has imi-
tated the worst parts of Boyle's style. He has a vast number
and variety of uncommon thoughts, and is, ou the whole, one of
the most valuable writers in our language, or, I believe, in the
world.”—Dr. Doldridge.
"Possessed of the learning of Cudworth, the evangelical piety
of Owen, and the fervour of Baxter, with a mind of larger dimen
sions than what belonged to any of these distinguished indi-
viduals, every thing which fell from his pen is worthy of immor
tality. He delights while he instructs, and impresses while he
enlightens. His Living Temple. The Blessedness of the Righteous,
Of Delighting in God. The Redeemer's Tears, are among the finest
productions of uninspired genius, and must be read with high
gratification by every Christian. His style is occasionally rugged
and inbarmonious; but the sentiment will richly repay the trifling
annoyance of its harsh and involved structure.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"For depth and originality of thought, John Howe has never
ciples were strictly evangelical, and his spirit eminently catholic
His prin-
heen surpassed by any theological writer whatever.
and devout. His Living Temple, especially, is a masterpiece of
profound argumentation.... His best pieces are The Blessedness
of the Righteous, Delighting in God, Enmity and Reconciliation,
Redeemer's Tears, and Dominion. Some Funeral Sermons, and
part of his Living Temple, are most excellent."-Dr. E. Williams's
C. P.
"Mr. Howe, nervous and majestic, with all the powers of ima
gery at his command,”—JAMES HERVEY.
“A very extraordinary, original, sublime, and splendid writer,
but sometimes obscure and heavy. Few writers will more
strengthen and enlarge the reader's mind; but he is deficient in
evangelical statement and simplicity."-Bickersteth's C. S.
(
Perhaps it may be considered as no unfair test of intellectual
and spiritual excellence that a person can relish the writings of
John Howe: if he does not, he may have reason to suspect that
wishes to attain eminence in his profession, if he has not the
something in the head or heart is wrong. A young minister who
works of John Howe, and can procure them in no other way,
should sell his coat and buy them; and, if that will not suffice,
let him sell his bed and lie on the floor; and if he spend his days
in reading them he will not complain that he lies hard at night.
The Blessedness of the Righteous is a first-rate perform-
ance, and contains a vast extent of thought, of learning, but
especially of piety. . . . A Treatise of Delighting in God is one of
the finest pieces of practical theology to be found in the English
language."-Bogue and Bennett's Hist. of Dissenters.
"One of the most learned and polite writers among the dis-
senters. His reading in divinity was very extensive: be was a
good Orientalist, and understood several of the modern languages.
His Blessedness of the Righteous was the most generally-
esteemed of his performances. He was an admired preacher, but
was sometimes too profound for ordinary capacities. There is an
uncommon depth of thought in several of his works."-Granger's
Biog. Hist. of Eng.
"None can peruse his writings without feeling that his mind
was habitually filled with the contemplation of that peculiar but
truly divine character, that comprehensiveness and all-pervading
excellence, the ultimate development of which, in those who
embrace Christianity, is the design of the mysteries it reveals,
and of all the powerful motives by which it prompts to action."
Rogers's Life of Howe.
Nothing in the language can equal, as a whole, Howe's Living
Temple: but his Blessedness of the Righteous is one of my
favourite pieces. I read it again and again with renewed interest
and delight."-WILLIAM JAY.
**
See Genl. Diet.; Biog. Brit.; Lives of Howe noticed
above; Birch's Tillotson; Wilson's Hist. of Dissenting
Churches; Lon. Quar. Rev., (by Robert Southey,) v. 113-
HOW
HOW
115; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxiv. 385; N.York Lit. and Theo.
Rev., iv. 538; Bost. Chris. Exam., (by J. Brazer,) xx. 191.
The critical opinion of Robert Hall is always too
valuable to be omitted where it can at all be crowded in;
and, though want of room prevents us from citing other
comments before us, the verdict of so eminent an autho-
rity must not be denied. It occurs in the memoranda
of a conversation between Mr. Hall and the Rev. Robert
Balmer, of Berwick-upon-Tweed:
6
6
"B. May I ask, sir, what writers you would most recommend
to a young minister? II. Why, sir, I feel very incompetent to
give directions on that head: I can only say that I have learned
far more from John Howe than from any other author I ever read.
There is an astonishing magnificence in his conceptions. He had
not the same perception of the beautiful as of the sublime; and
herce his endless subdivisions.' B. That was the fault of his
age? II. In part, sir; but he has more of it than many of the
writers of that period; than Barrow, for example, who was some-
what earlier. There was, I think, an innate inaptitude in Howe's
mind for discerning minute graces and proprieties. and hence his
sentences are often long and cumbersome. Still, he was unques-
tionably the greatest of the Puritan divines.'
6
6
Howel the Good, or Hyweldda, a legislator of
the 10th century, was the son and successor of Cadell,
King of all Wales. See the laws established by Howel,
founded on those of Dunwallo Molmutius, in Leges Wal-
"After adverting to several of Howe's works, Mr. H. said, in
reference to his Blessedness of the Righteous, 'Perhaps Baxter's
Saint's Rest is fitted to make a deeper impression on the majority
of readers. Baxter enforces a particular idea with extraordinary
clearness. force, and earnestness. His appeals to the conscience
are irresistible. Howe, again, is distinguished by calmness, self
possession, majesty, and comprehensiveness; and for my own part,
I decidedly prefer him to Baxter. I admire, exceedingly, his Liv-licæ Ecclesiasticæ et Civiles, Hoeli Boni et aliorum Wal-
ing Temple, his sermon on the Redeemer's Tears, &c.; but, in my
liæ Principum, edit. Wotton, Lon., 1730, fol.
opinion, the best thing he ever wrote is his defence of the sincerity
of the Gospel offer. I refer to the treatise called the Reconcilable-
ness of God's Prescience of the Sins of Men with [the Wisdom and
Sincerity of his Counsels, Exhortations, and whatever other
[whatsoever] Means he uses to prevent them. This I regard as the
most profound, the most philosophical, and the most valuable of
all Howe's writings.' ""— Hall's Works, ed. Lon., 1853: Memoir,vi.120.
Howe, John, M.P., d. 1721, a relation of Charles
Howe, (ante,) and a statesman of note, was the author of
A Panegyric on King William, and of several songs and
little poems.
He is introduced in Swift's ballad On The
Game of Traffic. See Nichols's Poems; Collins's Peerage.
Howe, Joseph, a lineal descendant of the celebrated
Puritan divine, John Howe, editor of The Nova-Scotian,
1828-40, and Secretary of State of Nova Scotia, 1848–54.
The Speeches and Public Letters of the Hon. Joseph Howe;
edited by William Annand, M.P.P., Bost., 1858, 2 vols. 8vo.
Howe, Josiah, d. 1701, a divine and poet, Fellow of
Trin. Coll., Oxf., preached in 1644 a sermon before Charles
I., of which thirty copies were printed in red letters. A
copy, the only one known, is in the Bodleian Library.
He was the author of a set of recommendatory English
verses prefixed to the folio edit. of Beaumont and Fletcher;
of another before Randolph's Poems, 1640; of another
before Cartwright's Comedies and Poems, 1651.
Howel, Laurence, d. 1720, a learned Non-juring
divine, educated at Jesus Coll., Camb., ordained by the
Non-juror, Bishop Hickes, in 1712, was imprisoned in 1717
for writing a pamphlet entitled (1.) The Case of Schism in
the Church of England truly stated, Lon., 1715, Svo. Anon.
He died in Newgate,-to the great disgrace of his perse-
cutors. Howel was also the author of (2.) Synopsis Ca-
nonum S.S. Apostolorum et Conciliorum Ecumenicorum
et Provincialium ab Ecclesia Græca Receptorum, &c.,
1708, fol. Among other interesting matter in this volume
will be found the Modus tenendi Synodos in Anglia pri-
tine, 170S, fol.; 1710, fol.
mæris temporibus. 3. Synopsis Canonum Ecclesiæ, La-
4. View of the Pontificate to
1563; 2d ed., 1712, Svo.
“A very able attack on Popery.”—Watt's Bibl. Brit.
5. Desiderius, or The Original Pilgrim; a Divine Dia-
logue from the Spanish, 1717, Svo. This is the origina!
of Bishop Patrick's parable of the Pilgrim, and of other
similar works. 6. A Complete Hist. of the Bible, 1725, 3
vols. 8vo; 1729, 3 vols. 8vo. Enlarged and improved by
the Rev. George Burder, 1806, 3 vols. 12mo.
"So materially corrected and improved by Dr. Burder as almost
to form a new work.”—Horne's Bill. Bil.
"These pieces," says Warton. which are in the witty epigram-
matic style that then prevailed, have uncommon acuteness, and
highly deserve to be revived.”
A
See Athen. Oxon.; Warton's Life of Sir Thomas Pope,
(Preface;) and Warton's Life of Bathurst, pp. 154, 211.
Howe, Mrs. Julia Ward, b. 1819, a daughter of Mr.
Samuel Ward, of New York, married, in 1843, to Samuel G.
Howe, M.D., a well-known philanthropist of Boston, pub.
in 1854 (Boston, 16mo) a vol. of poetry entitled Passion
Flowers. Mrs. Howe's poems have elicited enthusiastic
commendation. See Griswold's Female Poets of America;
Duyckincks' Cye. of Amer. Lit.; Read's Female Poets of
America; Southern Quar. Rev., July, 1854. This lady is
a daughter of the late Mrs. Julia Rush Ward, of whom a
notice will be found in a later page of this volume.
2. Words for the Hour, Boston, 1856, 16mo. 3. The
World's Own, Boston, 1857, 16mo. 4. Hippolytus; a
Tragedy, 1858.
હું
1
Howe, Nathaniel, 1764–1837, pastor of the Congre-
gational Church in Hopkinton, Mass., pub. some serms., &c.
See an article (by W. Tudor) in N. Amer. Rev., iv. 93-97.
Howe, Obadiah, D.D., d. 1682, Vicar of Boston,
Lincolnshire. 1. The Universalist Examined and Criticized,
Lon., 1648. 4to. 2. Answer to J. Goodwin's Pagin's Debt
and Dowry, 1655. 3. Serm., 1664, 4to. 4. A Pattern for
Governours, 1735, 4to.
Howe, Samuel G., M.D., an eminent philanthropist
of Boston. 1. Hist. Sketch of the Greek Revolution, N.
York, 1828, Svo. 2. Reader for the Blind, printed in Raised
Characters, 1839. 3. Reports, Essays, &c. on the educa-
tion of the Blind, the Idiotic, and on other subjects. Dr.
Howe is well known as the successful instructor of Laura
Bridgman, the deaf, dumb, and blind girl.
Howe, T. H. Lessons on the Globes, and Key, Lon.,
1842, '45, 12mo.
Howe, Richard, Viscount, 1725-1799, an English
Admiral, second son of Lord Viscount Howe, pub. A Nar-
rative of the Transactions of the Fleet, &c. in 1779. Sir
John Barrow pub. in 1838, Svo, the Life of RICHARD. EARL
Howe, q. v.
And see a review of this work by Robert
Southey, in Lon. Quar. Rev., lxii. 1; and another review,
in Dubl. Univ. Mag., xvii. 693: see also Eclec. Rev., 4th
Ser., iii. 178; Blackw. Mag., xxi. 739; xxxiv. 4.
Howe, Samuel. Practice in Civil Actions and Pro-
ceedings in Law in New Hampshire, Bost., 1834, Svo.
"It appears to contain a great variety of problems and illustra-
tions, and, I have no doubt, will prove useful to the youthful stu-
dent."-SIR JOHN F. W. HERSCHEL.
Howe, Thomas, a Dissenting minister, pub. serms.
and theolog. treatises, 1765-1805.
Howe, Sir William, d. 1814, a brother of Admiral
Howe, (ante,) was the successor of General Gage in the
command of the British forces in America, arriving in
Boston, May, 1775, with Burgoyne. He pub. a Narrative
relative to his command in N. America, Lon., 1780, 4to.
See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, vol. i., and works on this
subject there noticed; Blackw. Mag., xx. 202–203; and
the histories relative to the American Revolution.
Brit. Lib., 794-795; Darling's Cyc. Bibl., i. 1563; Nichols's
7. The Orthodox Communicant, 1721, Svo. See Lowndes's
Lit. Anec.; Athen. Oxon.; Chalmers's Biog. Dict., and
authorities there cited.
Howel, Thomas, M.D., of the E. I. Co. Journal of
the Passage from India, &c., Lon., 1789, '90, Svo.
Howell, Mrs. 1. Georgina; a Nov., Lon., 1796, 2
vols. 12mo. 2. Auzoletta Zadoskia; a Nov., 1796, 2 vols.
12mo. 3. The Spoiled Child; a Nov., 1797, 2 vols. 12mo.
Howell, Caroline A. 1. Seed-Time and Harvest,
Lon. 2. The Gospel of Other Times, 1853, 18mo.
**
A sound and eminently practical compression of a great sub-
Bickersteth's Weekly Visitor.
ject into a very small compass. We can heartily recommend it.”
Howell, Elizabeth, widow of Robert Howell, of
Philadelphia, and a native and resident of that city, better
known by her maiden name,-Miss Lloyd, has gained con-
siderable celebrity by her poem entitled Milton's Prayer
of Patience. These verses, originally pub. anonymously
in The Friends' Review for January, 1818, were subse-
quently pub. as Milton's in an English edit. of his works.
They have frequently appeared in periodicals under the
title of Milton on his Loss of Sight. It is hardly neces-
sary to state that they possess an uncommon degree of
merit. They will be found in T. Buchanan Read's Femalo
Poets of America, 6th ed., Phila., 1855. Mrs. Howell also
contributed several poems to The Wheat Sheaf, a collec-
tion of Prose and Poetry, Phila., 1852; 3d ed., 1857.
Howell, George. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1746.
Howell, James, 1594–1666, educated at, and Fellow
of, Jesus College, Oxford, was the son of Thomas Hall,
minister of Abernant, in Caermarthenshire. From 1619
he travelled in Holland, Flanders, Spain, France, and
Italy, as steward to a glass-ware manufactory, and was
subsequently employed abroad and at home on public
business, and in 1640 made Clerk of the Council. In 1643
he was committed to the Fleet Prison by order of Parlia-
903
HOW
HOW
As a
ment, and remained there, writing and translating books,
until some time after the murder of Charles I. At the
Restoration his sufferings in the cause of loyalty were
rewarded by the post of Historiographer-Royal of Eng-
land, which place was created for his benefit and retained
by him until his death. He was a man of learning and
humour, and versed in the modern languages. "Thank
God," he says, "I have this fruit of my foreign travels,
that I can pray unto Him every day of the week in a
separate language, and upon Sunday in seven."
writer, although he was the author of forty-one original
works, historical, political, poetical, and philological,-
and the translator of four from the Italian, one from the
French, and one from the Spanish, all but his Familiar
Letters may be said to be unknown to ordinary readers.
We notice a few of his publications:-1. Dendrologia; or,
the Vocall Forest, Lon., 1640, fol.; 2d ed., 1644, 4to;
Camb., 1645, 12mo; 3d ed., pub. under the title of
AENAPOAOTIA-Dodona's Grove; or, the Vocall Forest.
Pub. with two other tracts, viz.: Parables reflecting upon
the Times, and England's Teares for the Present Wars,
1645; 2d Part of Dodona's Grove, 1650, Svo. In French,
1st Part, Paris, 1641, 4to; 2d Part, Paris, 1652, 4to. In
Latin, 1st Part, Lon., 1646, 8vo.
|
“This is a strange allegory, without any ingenuity in main-
taining the analogy between the outer and the inner story, which
alone can give a reader any pleasure in allegorical writing. The
subject is the state of Europe, especially of England, about 1640,
under the guise of animated trees in a forest. . . . The contrivance
is all along so clumsy and unintelligible, the invention so poor
and absurd, the story-if story there be-so dull an echo of well-
known events, that it is impossible to reckon Dodona's Grove
any thing but an entire failure. Howell has no wit, but he has
abundance of conceits, flat and commonplace enough. With
all this, he was a man of some sense and observation."-Hallam's
Lit. Hist. of Europe, ed. 1854; iii. 169.
Mr. Hallam suggests with much plausibility that Har-
rington's Oceana, pub. in 1656, was
t.
"Partly suggested, perhaps, by the Dodona's Grove of Howell,
or by Barclay's Argenis, and a few other fictions of the preceding
age."-Ui supra, p. 438. See Censura Literaria.
2. Instructions for Forraine Travell, 1642, 12mo; with
addits., 1650, 18mo.
"Something is to be had from Howell still. It is agreeable, if
not useful, to know what a traveller was in the days of James and
Charles."-Lon. Retrosp. Rev., xiii. 18-30, 1826. This review con-
tains copious quotations.
Dr. Bliss gives a table of the edits. of Howell's Letters,
and announces his intention of publishing a new and cor-
rected edit., with notes and an appendix, for which he
appendix, for which he
had long been making the necessary collections. It is to
be greatly regretted that it was never given to the world.
The table of edits. is as follows:-1. 1647; 2. 1647; 3.
1650; 4.1655; 5.1673; 6. 1688; 7. 1708; 9. 1726; 10.
6. 1688; 7. 1708; 9. 1726; 10.
1737; 11. 1754. The ed. of 1737 has the reputation of
being the best.
"I believe the second published correspondence of this kind,
and, in our own language at least, of any importance after Hall,
[see HALL, JOSEPH, D.D.] will be found to be Epistola Ho-Eliana,
or the Letters of James Howell, a great traveller, an intimate
friend of Jonson, and the first who bore the office of the royal
historiographer, which discover a variety of literature, and abound
with much entertaining and useful information."-Wurton's Hist.
of Eng. Poet., ed. 1840, iii: 440-441.
"Howell is a wit who, in writing his own history, has written
that of his own times; he is one of the few whose genius, striking
in the heat of the moment only current coin. produce finished
metal for the cabinet. His letters are still published."-Disraeli's
Literary Miscellanies, ed. 1840, p. 45.
66
These letters were written in England, but are not the coinage
of British soil. They are amusing and instructive, and have de-
servedly gone through half a score of editions. The account in
them of the assassination of Henry IV. of France is minutely
curious."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
pose one of the most curious volumes in English literature.”—`
Lon. Retrosp. Rev., iv. 183–200, 1821, q. v.
"His lotters are entertaining."-HALLAM: ubi supra.
"If there be any exception to the general rule that letters pre-
pared for the press are the most sickening and tiresome of all
compositions, it will certainly be found in the familiar letters of
James Howell, commonly called Epistola Ho-Eliana, which com-
4. A Perfect Description of the People and Country of
Scotland, 1649, 4to. Reprinted; also in The North Briton,
No. 13.
"At its reappearance there was some talk of prosecuting the
publisher for a libel; but it is surprising that such extravagant
preposterous stuff should excite any emotion but contempt."-
Watt's Bibl. Brit.
5. Londinopolis: an historicall Discourse or Perlustra-
tion of the City of London, and of Westminster, 1657, fol.
Principally borrowed from Stow's Survey, and his con-
tinuators. 6. Poems upon divers Emergent Occasions,
1664, Svo, pp. 136. Edited by Payne Fisher. Bibl.
Anglo-Poet., 384, £3 6s., q. v. ; and see Athen. Oxon.
The reader who desires to know more of Howell and his
publications must refer, in addition to authorities already
cited, to Biog. Brit., Lloyd's Memoirs, and Lowndes's Bibl.
Man., 974-975. We marvel that some of the enterprising
British publishers-the Nicholses, Bohns, or Parkers, who
have done so much for the revival of ancient English lore
-have not presented us with a new edit. of Epistola Ho-
Eliana; for, in the words of an eminent authority,
3. Epistolæ Ho-Eliana; or, Familiar Letters, Domestic
and Foreign divided into sundry Sections, partly His-let
torical, partly Political, partly Philosophical, upon emer-
gent Occasions, 1645, 4to. Another vol. in 1647; both
Another vol. in 1647; both
these, with the addit. of a third, in 1650, 3 vols. Svo; 4th
vol., 1655, 8vo; 11th ed., 1754, Svo. Since several times
reprinted. These Letters, addressed to James I., to seve-
ral Lords and Bishops, Sir Kenelm Digby, Sir Rob. Na-
pier, Ben Jonson, and others, contain many curious par-
ticulars relating to the reigns of James I. and Charles I.
"Many of the said letters were never written before the author
of them was in the Fleet, as he pretended they were, only feigned,
(no time being kept with their dates.) and purposely published to
gain time to relieve his necessities, yet give a tolerable history of
those times."-Alhen. Oxon., Bliss's ed., iii. 746-747.
|
"It is refreshing to turn from the cobweb compositions of the
present day, in which there is no strength of material, to the
sterling sense and lively wit of these familiar letters"-Lm.
Retrosp. Rev., vol. iv. p. 200, 1821.
The new editor of the Letters, if such an individual
should make his appearance, must endeavour to procure
the late Henry Fauntleroy's illustrated copy, bound in
three imperial folios.
Howell, James.
Serm., Lon., 1780, 4to.
Howell, John. Persecution; or, Sufferings for
Christ's Sake, Lon., 1685, 4to.
Howell, John. Life and Adventures of Alexander
Selkirk. See DE FOE, DANIEL, p. 489.
Howell, John. An Essay on the War-Galleys of
the Ancients, Edin., 1826, Svo.
Howell, Laurence. See HOWEL.
Howell, Thomas. 1. The Fable of Ouid, treting
of Narcissus, trans. into English Mytre, Lon., 1560, 4to.
2. The Arbor of Amitic, 1568, 69, Sro. 3. T. H.'s De-
vises for his owne Exercise and his Friend's Pleasure,
1581, 4to. See Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poetry; Ritson's
Bibl. Poet.; Cens. Lit.; Brit. Bibliog.
Howell, Thomas, M.D. See HowEL.
Howell, Thomas B. 1. Obs. on Dr. Sturge's Pamph-
resp. the Non-residence of the Clergy, Lon., 1802,'03,8vo.
2. Complete Collec. of State Trials, &c. from the Earliest
Period to the Present Time, Lon., 1809-28, 34 vols. r. 8vo.
Compiled by T. B. Howell; continued to 1820 by his son,
Thomas Jones Howell; with a General Index to the whole
Collection, by David Jardine. Originally pub. at £52;
reduced to £16 16. Index separate, £1 11s. 6d. This
invaluable work we have already noticed: see Hargrave,
FRANCIS; HANSARD, T. C. Hargrave disclaimed the edi-
torial responsibility connected with the collection of State.
Trials which goes under his name.
See a valuable article
on the State Trials, in Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855,
54-59. To the works recommended in these articles to
the legal student, we must add one of recent date, viz.:
Modern State Trials Reviewed and Illustrated, 1850, 2
vols. Svo, by Wm. Chas. Townsend, Recorder of Maccles-
field, and author of several valuable half-legal, half-his-
torical works. A review of Howell's State Trials will be
found in Edin. Rev., xxxi. 235-246. Miss Mitford hung
over the State Trials with delight:
"Of all collected works, those I liked best-better than the poets
from Chaucer to Tennyson, better than the dramatists from
Shakspeare to Talfourd-were those most real and exciting of all
dramas called trials."-Recollec. of a Literary Life.
extent, and are now in anxious quest of a copy of the
We avow the same taste, though not quite to the same
State Trials, and trust that before the reader sees this
article we shall see the thirty-four goodly octavos adorn-
ing our library-shelves.
Howell, Thomas Jones. See HowELL, THOMAS B.
Howell, Wm., Fellow of Magdalene Coll., Camb.,
and Chancellor of Lincoln, d. 1683. 1. Elementa Histories
Civilis, usque ad Monarchium Constantini M., Oxf., 1660;
of General History, or History of the World to 1067, fol.,
Lon., 1671, Svo. Enlarged ed., 1704. 2. An Institution
1662; 1680-85, 4 vols. fol. Commended by Gibbon, Hume,
and Johnson. 3. Ecclesiastical Hist., 1685, fol. 4. Medulla
Historia Anglicane: the Ancient and Present State of
England, 1679, 1712, '19, '34, '42, 8vo.
Howell, Wm. Serin., Lon., 1676, 4to.
Howell, Wm. Two Serms., Oxf., 1711, '12.
Howell. See HowEL.
904
HOW
HOW
I
Howels, Wm., minister of Long-Acre Episcopal
Chapel, long known as a popular preacher of the "Evan-
gelical School." 1. Remains of, consisting of Extracts
from his Sermons, by the Rev. Win. P. Moore, Dubl.,
1833, 12mo. New ed., Lon., 1852, fp. 8vo. 2. XI. Serins.
on the Lord's Prayer, and a serm. on Scriptural Worship,
Lon., 1835, 8vo. 3. Serms., with Memoir by Chas. Bowdler,
1835, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., vol. i., 1836, 8vo. 4. XX. Serms.,
1835, 12ino. 5. LII. Serms., from Notes by H. H. White,
1836, 8vo. 6. Prayers before and after the Sermon, 32mo.
7. Choice Sentences, ed. by the Rev. W. Bruce, 1850, 18mo.
For an account of Mr. Iowels, see two Funeral Serins.,
occasioned by his death, by the Rev. Henry Melvill and
the Hon. and Rev. Baptist Noel, &c., 1832, 8vo; and
Brief Memoirs of Rev. W. Howels, by the Rev. E. Morgan,
1854, fp. 8vo.
"His great aim was always to reach the consciences of his
bearers. One of his paragraphs would have been another man's
sermon."-REV. HENRY MELVILL.
Howes, Edmund. Annales; or, A General Chro-
nicle of England, begun by John Stow: continued to the
end of the year 1631, Lon., 1631, fol. See STOW, JOHN.
Howes, Francis. 1. Miscellaneous Poet. Trans.,
&c., Lon., 1806, 8vo. 2. Satires of Persius, trans. with
Notes, 1809, 8vo.
Howes, John, Rector of Abingdon. Serm., 1670, 4to.
Howes, John. See HowES, THOMAS.
Howes, Thomas, or John. Critical Observations
on Books, ancient and modern, Pts. 1-16, and appendices,
Lon., 1776-1813, 8vo. Anon. A complete set of this
series, perhaps, cannot be obtained at any price. Mr.
Bohn advertised one in 1848, bound in 5 vols., for £2 2×.,
which had formerly belonged to Thomas Falconer. Mr.
Bohn had never seen another complete set. Dr. Parr calls
Howes the "very learned and most acute." See Biblio-
theca Parriana, p. 280. Bohn calls the author "John
Howes, of Norwich;" Lowndes calls him Thomas.
Howes, Robert. Hist. of Framlingham.
Howes, Rev. T. Abridgt. of Dr. John Taylor's
Key to the Apostolic Writings, &c., 1806.
Howett, Samuel. Some Few Proposals for Public
Service both by Sea and Land, 1689.
Howgill, Francis, a Quaker. The Dawnings of
the Gospel-Day, and its Light and Glory Discouered,
Lon., 1676, fol.
Howgrave, Francis. 1. Rumour against Inocula-
tion, Lon., 1724, Svo. 2. Essay on the Ancient and Pre-
sent State of Stamford, 1726, 4to.
Speech in the
Howick, Rt. Hon. Viscount.
House of Commons, Lon., 1807, Svo.
Howie, John, 1735-1791, a native of Lochgoil,
Scotland. 1. Biographia Scoticana; or, A Brief Histori-
cal Account of the most Eminent Scots Worthies, &c.,
1503-1688, 1774; again, enlarged, Glasg., 1781, Svo, and
later edits. New ed., Revised, Corrected, and Enlarged,
with a Pref. and Notes, by Wm. McGavin, author of The
Protestant, &c., recently pub. by McPhun, of Glasgow;
reprinted by Carters, of N. York, 1853, 8vo.
These should accompany this valuable work-The Last
Words and Dying Testimonies of the Scottish Worthies,
also pub. by McPhun. 2. Lects. and Serms. by Scottish
Divines. 3-7. Theolog. treatises. See Memoir of Howie
prefixed to the last edit. of Scots Worthies.
Howison, James, M.D. 1. Dictionary of the Malay
Tongue, Lon., 1801, 4to; 1805, 4to. 2. Con. to Annals of
Med., 1797. 3. Elastic Gum Vine of Prince of Wales'
Island; Nic. Jour., 1800.
3. Foreign Scenes and Travelling Recreations; 2d ed.,
2 vols. p. 8vo.
Also highly commended by the Edinburgh Review;
Edinburgh Magazine; Monthly Magazine; New Monthly
Magazine; British Critic; Eclectic Review; Literary Ga-
zette; Literary Chronicle; Scotsman; Examiner; Monthly
Review, &c.
"A book which, being once taken up. it is really difficult to put
down again without perusing thoroughly."-Lon. News of Litera
ture and Fushion.
"In describing the Falls of Niagara, he has out-Heroded Ierod
and beaten Bombastes Furioso out of the field."-Lon. Month. Rev.
“It is rich in valuable information to emigrants, and is. more-
over, highly descriptive of scenery and manners. The part rela-
tive to the United States is superficial."-Stevenson's Voyages and
Travels.
4. Tales of the Colonies, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
Lon. Lit. Gazette.
"A series of interesting Tales worthy of the clever author."-
See Black w. Mag., x. 545.
Howison, Robert R., b. 1820, in Fredericksburg,
Virginia, has practised law at Richmond, Va., since 1845.
1. A Hist. of Virginia from its Discovery and Settlement
to 1847, 2 vols. 8vo: vol. i., Phila., 1846; vol. ii., Rich-
mond, 1848. 2. Lives of Generals Morgan, Marion, and
Gates; pub. in 1847, in the work entitled Washington and
the Generals of the American Revolution, edited by
Rufus Wilmot Griswold, D.D., q. v., p. 745, No. 9.
Howison, William. An Investigation of the Prin-
ciples and Credit of the Circulation of Paper Money or
Bank Notes in Great Britain, Lon., 1803, 8vo.
Howitt, Mary, a daughter of Mr. Botham, of
Uttoxeter, a member of the Society of Friends, was mar-
ried to William Howitt, a congenial spirit, in 1821.
lives of both have been so well told in a publication
just issued, and accessible to all, (Men of the Time, Lon.,
The
C This is by far the best edition of this most remarkable work
that has ever seen the light. He is not worthy the name of a
Scot who can be indifferent to the story of these illustrious cham-1856,) that it will be unnecessary to repeat what we should
pions."-Lon. Evangel. Mag.
be unable to improve. Moreover, the plan of our work
is better answered by a list of their publications, with
some critical notices of their characteristics as writers,-
which citations of opinions we are obliged to restrict
within very narrow limits.
has been so graphically described by Sir Walter Scott-
Howison, William, the brother of John Howison,
to whom he introduced himself when fifteen, by his Ballad
of Polydore-in his letter to Joanna Baillie, July 11,
1823, that we need only refer the reader to this epistle.
Polydore, originally pub. by Sir Walter in the Edinburgh
Annual Register for 1810, will be found in Joanna Baillie's
Pub. under the name of M. de Peudemots.
Poetical Miscellanies, 1823. 1. Fragments and Fictions,
See Black-
wood's Mag., x. 345. 2. An Essay on the Sentiments of
Attraction, Adaptation, and Vanity. To which are added
Likeness to the Human Spirit, Edin., 1821, 12mo.
A Key to the Mythology of the Ancients, and Europe's
"From its extreme abstracted doctrines, more difficult to com-
prehend than any I ever opened in my life."-SIR WALTER SCOTT:
ubi supra.
See Blackw. Mag., ix. 393–399; x. 545; xi. 308–316.
3. A Grammar of Infinite Forms; or, the Mathematical
Elements of Ancient Philosophy and Mythology, 1823,
12mo. 4. The Conquest of Twelve Tribes. See Blackw.
Mag., xlvi. 694. See also Lockhart's Life of Scott.
"By far the best book which has ever been written by any Bri-
tish traveller on the subject of North America."-Blackw. Mag., x.
637-545.
In 1823 Mr. and Mrs. Howitt gave to the world their
first publication,-The Forest Minstrel, which was suc-
ceeded in 1827 by The Desolation of Eyam, and other
Poems. To these joint productions may be added, The
Book of the Seasons, first pub. in 1831, and The Litera-
Howison, John, of the E. I. Co.'s Service. 1. Eu-
1. Eu-ture and Romance of Northern Europe, issued in 1852,
ropean Colonies, 2 vols. Svo.
2. Sketches of Upper and Stories of English Life, in Bohn's Illustrated Library,
Canada, Edin., 1821, 8vo; 2d ed., 1822; 3d ed., 1825, Svo. | 1853.
Mr. H. passed two years and a half in Upper Canada.
The following alphabetical catalogue-compiled
with considerable labour, and, we trust, nearly if not quite
complete-of Mary Howitt's separate publications evinces
no ordinary amount of literary industry. 1. Alice Frank-
lin, 1843, 18mo. 2. Ballads and other Poems, 1847, p. Svo.
3. Birds and Flowers, and other Country Things, 1848,
12mo. 4. Do., Second Series, 1855, sq.
Year, 1847, 16mo. 6. Dial of Love, 1852, 12mo. 7. Heir
5. Children's
of Wast Wayland, 1851, 12mo. 8. Hope on! Hope ever!
3d ed., 1844, 18mo. 9. Hymns and Fireside Verses, 1839,
fp. Svo. New ed. of Fireside Verses, 1844, 4to; again,
1852, 16mo. 10. Illustrated Library for the Young,
1855: 1st Series, 4to; 2d Series, 4to. Also both
series in 1 vol. 4to. Pub. in monthly nos. 11. Little
Coin, Much Cure, 1842, 18mo. 12. Lives of British
Howitt, Anna Mary, an artist, is the daughter of
William and Mary Howitt, and inherits the literary talent
of her parents. 1. An Art-Student in Munich, Lon., 1853,
2 vols. p. Svo.
"There is enough in these volumes to warrant our conviction
that, if it please their authoress, she may hereafter do good ser
vice to Art with the pen no less than with the pencil :-supposing,
always, that Time shall balance, not deaden, her enthusiasm."-
Lon. Athenæum, 1853, 584-585, q. v.
2. The School of Life, first pub. in the London Illustrated
Magazine of Art, vol. ii., July to Dec. 1853; by Ticknor &
Fields, Bost., 1855, 16mo. Repub., Lon., 1856. This work,
which records the experience of artist life, has been highly
commended.
Howitt, Ema. Letters during a Tour through the
United States, Nottingham, circa 1820, 12mo.
905
HOW
HOW
Queens; or, The Royal Book of Beauty; Illustrated with
Biog. and Hist. Memoirs by Mary Howitt and the Countess
of Blessington, 1851, r. 8vo. 13. Love and Money, 1843,
18mo. 14. Mary Leeson, 1848, 18mo. 15. Midsummer
Flowers, 1853, fp. Svo. 16. My own Story, 1844, 18mo.
17. My Uncle the Clockmaker, 1844, 18mo. 18. No Sense
like Common Sense, 1843, 18mo. 19. Our Cousins in Ohio;
new ed., 1849, sq. 20. Picture Book for the Young, 1854,
4to. 21. Seven Temptations, 1834, 12mo. 22. Sketches
of Natural History, sq.; 6th ed., 1846; 7th ed., 1851; 8th
ed., 1853. 23. Sowing and Reaping, 1840, 18mo. 24.
Strive and Thrive, 1833, 18mo. 25. Tales in Prose, sq.;
new ed., 1841. 26. Tales in Verse, sq.; new ed., 1846;
again, 1854. 27. The Stedfast Gabriel, 1850, 18mo.
The Two Apprentices, 1844, 18mo. 29. Which is the
Wiser? 3d ed., 1844, 18mo. 30. Who shall be Greatest?
1841, 18mo. 31. Wood Leighton, 1836, 3 vols. p. Svo.
32. Work and Wages, 1842, 18mo.
28.
TRANSLATIONS INTO ENGLISH FROM THE SWEDIsh of
FREDERIKA BREMER. 33. Brothers and Sisters; a Tale
of Domestic Life, 1848, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 34. Easter Offer-
34. Easter Offer-
ing, 1850, 12mo. 35. H Family, 1844, 2 vols. p. Svo.
New ed., 1853, in vol. iv. of Miss Bremer's Works. 36.
Hertha, 1856. 37. Home; or, Family Cares and Family
Joys, 1843, 2 vols. p. Svo. New ed., 1853, being vol. iii.
of Miss Bremer's Works. 38. Homes of the New World;
Impressions of America, 1853, 3 vols. p. Svo. 39. Mid-
night Sun, 1849, p. Svo. 40. New Sketches of Every-Day
Life-A Diary; together with Strife and Peace, 1843, 2
vols. p. 8vo. New ed. in vol. iv. of Miss Bremer's Works.
41. President's Daughters, including Nina, 1843, 3 vols. p.
8vo. New ed., 1852, p. 8vo. 42. The Neighbours; a Story
of Every-Day Life; 3d ed., 1843, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 4th ed.,
1852, 12mo.
"Of this production, which makes itself an epoch in the world
of children, it is superfluous to speak. The Fable-Book is through-
out all Germany in the hands of parents and children, and will
always be new, because every year fresh children are born."
49. Citizen of Prague; 2d ed., 1846, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 50.
The Peasant and his Landlord, by Baroness Knorring,
1848, 2 vols. 8vo.
any championship at our hands. Yet we are not willing
to conclude this article without the adduction of at least a
few tributes to the merits of one whose happiness it is to
number as many friends as she has readers, and to have
as few enemies as she has written worthless books.
The above register affords a tolerable proof that Mary
Howitt has not "eaten the bread of idleness;" but, if to
these volumes--many of them exhibiting evidences of no
little toil-we add her contributions for the last thirty years
to the periodicals of the day,-to The Amulet, The Literary
Souvenir, The Drawing Room Scrap-Book, (of which she
was for three years the editor,) The People's Journal, &c.,
-we shall have an aggregate of printed matter which few
authors of the day can equal. But unfortunately the mere
fact of voluminousness does not always imply either merit
on the part of the author or advantage on that of the
public. The great question is not as to quantity, but as
to quality. By many writers we should have been bene-
fited more had they written less; and of many it is to be
regretted that they ever wrote at all. But if of any we
can justly say,-This pen has ever been employed in the
advocacy of the true, the beautiful, and the good; the alle-
viation of human suffering, and the cure of social disor-
ders; the education of the mind, and the improvement of
the heart; the cultivation of home-duties and home-affec-
tions, and the development of fraternal unity in the great
brotherhood of man;-surely of such it shall be said, Here
is one worthy of honour, of love, and of praise ;-and such
is Mary Howitt! When we return from the pleasing con-
templation of the moralist, to consider the literary merits
of an instrumentality which has been so widely produc-
tive of beneficial results, we are conscious that the theme
has been anticipated-not to say exhausted. Mrs. Howitt's
position, whether we consider her as a poetess, a novelist,
an essayist, or as an instructor of the youthful mind, is too
well determined, too generally acknowledged, to require
"There can be no surer proof of the genuineness of the poetical
power possessed by Mary Howitt, thau the fact that her finer pieces
readers. This can be only owing to their feminine tenderness,
ever recur again and again to the memories of all imaginative
their earnest tone, their gentle music, aud their simple but genuine
nature.”—Moir's Sketches of the Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-Century.
"Mary Howitt has shown herself mistress of every string of the
minstrel lyre, save that which sounds of broil and bloodshed.
There is more of the old ballad simplicity in her compositions than
can be found in the strains of any living poet besides; her lan-
guage is vigorous, but not swelling; and always subordinate to
the sentiments, whether of tenderness or of love."—Allan_Cun-
ningham's Bing, and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the Lust Fifty Years.
"Her poems are always graceful and beautiful, and often vigor-
ous, but they are essentially feminine: they afford evidences of a
kindly and generous nature, as well as of a fertile imagination and
a safely-cultivated mind."-MRS. HALL.
FROM THE DANISH OF HANS CHRISTIAN ANDERSEN. 43.
Only a Fiddle! and O. T.; or, Life in Denmark, 1845, 3 vols.
p. Svo. 44. The Improvisatore, 1847, 12mo; 1849, 12mo.
45. The True Story of My Life, 1847, 12mo. 46. Wonder-
ful Stories for Children, sq., 1846. New ed., 1848.
Which human sorrow sheds are dear to her;'
but with these classes they are overpowering. . . . In summing up
my imperfect estimate of Mary Howitt, I would say that no Fe
male Poet in our literature surpasses her, and that but few equal
her. As a versifier, as a moralist, and as a philosopher, she may
safely challenge comparison with any writer of her own sex, and
with most of the writers of the other sex; whilst as regards grace,
ALSO FROM THE DANISH. 47. Jacob Bendixen, the Jew,
1851, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
FROM THE GERMAN. 48. Child's Picture and Verse-pathos, womanly sentiment, and Christian sympathy, she has
Book, commonly called Otto Speckter's Fable-Book, with scarcely a rival near her throne.' I believe that her writings have
French and German on corresponding pages; illustrated done more to elevate our ideas of woman's intellectual character
with 100 Engravings on Wood by G. F. Sargent, sq.; 2d
than all the treatises on that subject in our language."-Rowton's
ed., 1844; 3d ed., 1845. The popularity of this work,
Female Poets of Great Britain.
from Poland to France, with the younger members of the
household, is well known. A celebrated German review
remarks of it:
"Her language is chaste and simple, her feelings tender and
pure, and her observation of nature accurate and intense.".
CHRISTOPHER NORTH: Noctes Ambrosianæ; Blackw. Mag.. xxiv. 675.
"Sweet Mary Howitt! her name brings a magic with it, let us
see it when and where we will! It is one crowded with pleasant
associations: telling of wisdom learned by the wayside and under
the hedgerows; breathing perfumes-not the perfumes of balls and
routs, but-of violets and wild flowers; leading the mind to pure
and pleasant thoughtfulness."-New Monthly Magazine.
See also Blackwood's Mag., xxiv. 674; xxix. 699–701;
xxxvii. 643-650; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xvi. 556.
"Mary Howitt, the poetess alike of the Fireside and of the Field,
and perhaps the most popular of all our female writers, takes a
rank second to none among the fair poets of our country. . . . Not
exhibits the rare ambition of using her gifts nobly; and with an
content with showing that she possesses noble powers, Mrs. Howitt
earnest eloquence. which often reaches sublimity, she proclaims
herself the poet of the Young, and the Ilumble, and the Poor
Her sympathies with all classes are strong;
• All tears
Howitt, Richard, brother of William and Mary
Howitt, settled for four years as a physician at Melbourne,
Australia, has given us the results of his observations in
Four Years' Residence in that Colony: Australian Poems,
his work entitled (1.) Impressions of Australia Felix, during
&c., Lon., 1845, 12mo; 1847, 12mo.
"The Impressions make up an amusing volume: one, too, which,
taken cum grano, may be useful.”—Lon. Athenæum.
C
The details are amusing and intelligent, the remarks are sen
sible and philosophic, and we have, as it were, gossiped through
the whole of nearly four hundred pages, with the reverse of lassi
tude or discontent."-Lom. Lit. Gazette.
"Ile possessed many facilities for acquiring information which
were not accessible to the ordinary traveller, and he has not failed
to make the most of them.”—Men of the Time, Lon., 1856.
Mr. Howitt has also given to the world (2.) Antediluvian
Sketches, and other Poems, 1830, 12mo, pp. 148.
**
Richard, too, has a true poetical feeling, and no small poetical
power. His unpretending volume of verses well deserves a place
in the library along with those of his enlightened relatives; for
he loves nature truly as they do, and nature has returned his
affection."-CHRISTOPHER NORTH: Noctes Ambrosiana; Blackwood's
Magazine, xxix. 700.
C
It is one of the few books of this sort that fully answers the
title of Poems:-IT IS POETRY."-Friends' Magazine, Oct. 1830.
in this little volume.... It is a rare thing to see a whole family so
"There is a great deal of poetical and also of good kindly feeling
gifted as the family of Howitt: truly their union must be a mu
sical meeting.” ”—Lon. Lit. Gazette, Sept. 11, 1830.
•
3. The Gipsy King, and other Poems, 1841; 2d ed., 1816,
fp. 8vo. Illustrated with eight wood engravings by Wil-
liams.
,,
"Full of genuine pictures of nature."-LEIGH IIUNT.
brother and sister, William and Mary Howitt."-Lon. New Monthly
Richard Howitt is worthy of his relationship to his celebrated
Magazine.
See Lon. Athenæum, 1841, 85.
Several other references to the Howitt family (by the
illustrious Christopher North) will be found in Blackwood's
Mag., xxiv. 674; xxix. 699.
Howitt, Samuel. 1.50 Etchings of Animals, 1803 or
1804, 4to. 2. Field Sports, 1807, fol. 3. New Work of
Animals, 1811, 4to. 4. Miscellaneous Etchings, 1812.
5. British Sportsman, 1812, 4to. 6. Foreign Field Sports,
1814. 7. The British Preserve, r. 4to; new ed., 1840, r.
8vo; 1844; 1847.
908
HOW
HOW
Howitt, William, b. 1795, at Heanor, in Derby-
shire, the husband and literary associate of Mary Howitt,
has been already briefly noticed in our article devoted to
the latter, in which the reader is referred for further infor-
mation to the life of Mr. Howitt in Men of the Time, Lon.,
1956. The following alphabetical list of the works of this
popular author includes all of which we can find any ac-
count: 1. A Word to Dissenters, 1839. 2. Aristocracy of
England; a History for the People, by John Hampden, Jr.,
1846, 12mo; 2d ed., 1846, 12mo; also, 3d ed. 3. Book of
the Sensons; or, A Calendar of Nature, 1831, 12mo; 7th
ed., 1846, 12mo; 8th ed., 1848, 12mo: in conjunction
with Mary Howitt.
•
SHEPHERD: But what is this Byeuck of the Seasons? NORTH:
'In it the Howitts have wished to present us with all their poetic
and picturesque features,-a Calendar of Nature. comprehensive
and complete in itself-which, on being taken up by the lover of
nature at the opening of each month, should lay before him in
prospect all the objects and appearances which the month would
present, in the garden. in the field. and the waters; yet confining
itself solely to those objects. Such. in their own words, is said to
be their aim.' SHEPHERD: ·And nae insignificant aim either, sir.
Hae they hit it? NORTH: They have."-Noctes Ambrosiana:
Blackw. Mag.. xxix. 700.
See also Westininster Review, xiv. 456. 4. Boy's Ad-
ventures in the Wilds of Australia; or, Herbert's Note-
Book, 1854, fp. Svo. New ed., 1855, 12mo.
•
All the boys in England, whether old boys' or young ones,
will rejoice in this fascinating book, full of anecdote and wild ad-
venture: sober as we are, and little given to roam. it has inspired
us with a strong desire to take a journey in the Bush, if we could
see the end of it."-Lon. Athenæum. 1854. p. 1556.
5. Boy's Country-Book of Amusements, 12mo; new ed.,
1847. Also, 3d ed.
"A capital work; and, we are inclined to think, Howitt's best
in any line."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
"One of the most fascinating fictions for young and old that
has ever graced our literature."-Lon. Monthly Chronicle.
6. Colonization and Christianity; a History of the Treat-
ment of Aboriginals by European Nations in all their Colo-
nies, 1838, p. Svo. The publication of this work led to the
formation of the British India Society, and to some im-
provements in the management of the colonies of Great
Britain.
"Never has any other author discussed this subject so plainly
and so philosophically."-Lon. Monthly Review.
"We have no hesitation in pronouncing this the most important
and valuable work that Mr. Howitt has produced."-Tail's Mag.
But see Athenæum, 1838, 644-645. 7. Country Year-
Book; or, The Field, The Forest, and The Fireside, p. Svo.
S. Desolation of Eyam, [founded on the pathetic narrative
of the Rev. Wm. Mompesson,] and other Poems, 1827, 12mo:
in conjunction with Mary Howitt. 9. Forest Minstrel,
1823, 12mo: in conjunction with Mary Howitt. This
vol. is composed of selections from the fugitive poetry of
the authors. See HowITT, MARY. 10. German Expe-
rience Addressed to the English, 1844, p. 8vo; 1847, p.
Svo. See Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xvi. 556. 11. Hall and
the Hamlet, 1847, 2 vols. p. Svo; 1848, 2 vols. p. Svo; 1852,
2 vols. p. Svo.
Here are two entertaining volumes by Mr. Howitt:-having
the raciness and value of characteristic nationality, and in many
passages the grace of eloquent and picturesque description."
Lon. Athenæum, 1847, p. 1319.
12. History of England. This work is at the present
time (1856) in course of publication. It is pub. in num-
bers to the amount of 100,000 weekly. It will probably
employ Mr. Howitt for several years to come. 13. History
of Priesteraft, 1834, 12mo; 7th ed., 1845, 12mo; 8th ed.,
1846, 12mo. More than 20,000 copies sold to 1852. 14.
Homes and Haunts of the most Eminent British Poets
Illustrated, 1847, 2 vols. 8vo; 1849, 2 vols. Svo; 1850, 2
vols. Svo; 1852, 2 vols. Svo. The author is at the present
moment (Nov. 1856) preparing a new and still more com-
plete edit. of this work, which will be enriched with much
new matter.
**
· Every reader turns with pleasure to those passages of Horace,
Pope, and Boileau, which describe how they lived and where they
dwelt."-SAMUEL ROGERS.
Mr. Howitt's motto on the title-page of this work is very
happily selected:
..
An indissoluble sign of their existence has stamped itself on
the abodes of all distinguished men. a sign which places all kin-
dred spirits in communion with them."-The Citizen of Prague.
This work was commended by The Examiner, The At-
las, &c., and received very faint commendation from the
Literary Gazette; but the Athenæum was much less lenient,
-styling the work
"Two gossiping volumez, not very subtle or sound in their cri-
ticisms, nor very novel in design and treatment. They are ex-
tremely inaccurate in parts; with very little in them derived from
Dooks, and that little of the commonest kind. There is a fair
sprinkling of conceit throughout, and there are some good pas-
Bages derived from personal observation," &c.-1847, 38-41; 65–66.
At this critique Mr. Howitt felt himself greatly aggrier cd,
and so expressed himself, whereupon the reviewer returned
to the attack with renewed ardour, (see Athenæum. 1847,
147-149.) Other notices of the work will be found on pp.
96, (a melancholy instance of bad temper and injustice
by a correspondent of the journal,) 125, 151, 173, 200, 201,
1175.
..
Mr. Howitt has indeed done something to mark localities and
houses; but for the full knowledge and intelligent criticism that
would surround these landmarks with clusters of associations,
making bare walls eloquent and giving speech to all the neighbour-
ing objects. we look in vain. The Homes and Haunts. instead of
being original essays, are. in fact, nothing more than a collection
of brief and prosaic biographies, made up in general from well-
known sources, and tediously full of anecdotes."-The Britonnia.
See also Fraser's Mag., xxxv. 210; Amer. Whig Rev.,
vi. 516.
15. Land, Labour, and Gold; or, Two Years in Victoria,
with Visits to Sydney and Van Diemen's Land, 1855, 2
vols. p. 8vo.
"When our author is content with description, we follow his
lead with pleasure; when he generalizes, we lose our confidence,
if not our pleasure. His strength lies in a fresh and hearty ap
preciation of nature, of costume, and of character. What he see8
clearly he can present clearly to the eye. His book consists of a
series of excellent sun-pictures. in which we see the very form aud
pressure of Australian life."-Lon. Athenæum, 1855. 668-670.
16. Life and Adventures of Jack of the Mill, 1844, 2
vols. fp. 8vo; 1845, 2 vols. fp. Svo; 1849, 2 vols. fp. Svo.
"Mr. Howitt possesses the happy knack of accommodating him-
self to the youthful mind; and there can be no question that his
Jack of the Mill will become a favourite."-Lon. Observer.
See also Britannia; Athenæum, &c.
17. Literature and Romance of Northern Europe, 1852,
2 vols. p. Svo: in conjunction with Mary Howitt. This
erudite work, the only complete one of the kind in the
English language, will be more and more prized in pro-
portion as the taste for Scandinavian literature becomes
generally diffused among scholars in Great Britain and
the United States. It is an excellent guide to the litera-
copious specimens of the histories, romances, legends,
ture of Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland, with
dramas, ballads, &c. of those countries. See Lon. Athen-
æum, 1852, 400-402.
18. Madam Dorrington of the Dene, 1851, 3 vols. 8vo.
19. Pantika; or, Traditions of Ancient Times, 1835, 2 vols.
Svo. 20. Rural and Domestic Life of Germany; with
Characteristic Sketches of its Chief Cities and Scenery
collected in a general Tour, and during a Residence in
that Country in the Years 1840-42, 1842, med. Svo. With
above 50 illustrations. This vol. is commended, on the
whole, by the Athenæum; but it is objected that
"Mr. Howitt is too fond of stating impressions as general truths.
Neither can we recommend the reader to place much reliance on
his judgment in art, or his sweeping sketches of literature and
opinion."-1842. 1030-1033, 1060-1062.
..
A volume which will add to William Howitt's literary reputa
tion, and be read with delight by thousands of his countrymen,
as being the first faithful and comprehensive account of a people
to whom they are allied by a kindred language and kindred dis-
Lon. Allus.
positions. The engraved illustrations are perfect gems of art."-
W
"We think this work the most interesting of any thing William
Howitt has done. It possesses all his well-known excellencies,
and derives from its subject the attraction of both novelty and
knowledge."-Lon. Spectator.
Some brief extracts from German opinions of this work
will not be out of place:
"This author, who has become so celebrated and appreciated
from many of his works, has given us, in the above volume, an
extremely interesting and characteristic description of Life in
Germany, as well as an accurate account of the manners and
customs of this country."-Jügel's Universal Magazine.
"Howitt, a man of mature years, with all the youthful fire of
poetry and humanity, every inch an Englishman,-gives us here
a most original work on Germany. He treats us and our affairs
with such an earnestness of conviction, such a love of impar
tiality, such an amiable candour, that we cannot censure him,
but must respect what he says."-Allgemeine Zeitung, Feb. 5,
1843.
"We return our hearty thanks to Howitt, whose work we have
so often quoted, for the extraordinary accuracy, freedom, and
nobility of spirit with which he has set himself to describe the
life, character, and circumstances of our country."-Kölnische
Zeitung, March, 1843.
21. Rural Life of England, 1837, 2 vols. p. Svo; 1838,
2 vols. p. 8vo; 1844, med. Svo.
"
• One of the most beautiful, vigorous, fresh, and spirited of Mr.
Howitt's productions. It is writted with good sense and good
feeling."-Court Journal,
“Admirable, and to English readers indispensable, volumes;
not merely a charming, but an ennobling work."-Lon. Atlas.
There is much that is pleasant and interesting in these
volumes: but, as a whole, they have been over-elaborated."
Lon. Athenæum, 1838, 63-64.
W
"I should have been glad to have taken further note of the
landscape of Theocritus, on which Mr. Howitt dwells with just
delight. Other parts of the book will be found very suggestive
907
HOW
HOY
and helpful to the reader who cares to pursue the subject.”.
RUSKIN: Mod. Painters, vol. iii. App., p. 347.
See also Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., iv. 410.
22. Stories of English Life; Bohn's Illustrated Lib.,
vol. xxi., 1853, p. Svo: in conjunction with Mary Howitt.
23. Visits to Remarkable Places; Old Halls, Battle-Fields,
and Scenery illustrative of Striking Passages of English
History and Poetry. 1st Series, 1839, Svo; 2d ed., 1840,
med. 8vo. 2d Series, 1841, med. Svo. Both series seve-
ral times reprinted. Mr. Howitt intends to add several
more vols. to the above, having copious materials on hand
yet unpublished.
"A rich treat for all genuine lovers of literature, historical an-
tiquities, and natural scenery: the most delightful book which
the present festal season has produced."—United Service Gazette,
January 1, 1842.
6.
Written with the enthusiasm of a poet and the knowledge
of an antiquary.”—Lon. Monthly Chronicle.
See Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., vii. 551; xi. 193; Fraser's
Mag., xxiii. 725; Athenæum, 1840, 34-36; Bost. Chris.
Exam., xxx. 174. 24. Year-Book of the Country, 1850,
p. Svo; 1852, p. 8vo.
TRANSLATIONS FROM THE GERMAN. 25. Peter Schlem-
ihl; from Aldelbert Von Chamisso; German and Eng-
lish, 1843, 16mo. 26. The Student-Life of Germany;
from the unpublished MSS. of Dr. Cornelius, 1841, med.
Svo. This work was written for and at the solicitation
of Mr. Howitt. It contains nearly forty of the most
famous songs of the German students, in German and
English, with the original music, adapted to the piano-
forte by Herr Winkelmeyer. This work was sharply
criticized in England; but in Germany it has been highly
commended. Some of the habits of some of the German
students are not the most refined in the world; but that
is not Mr. Howitt's fault. See Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., 327;
Athenæum, 1841, 807; Atlas; Examiner; N. Amer. Rev.,
(by W. B. O. Peabody,) Ivi. 330; Bost. Chris. Exam., xxii.
71; N. York Democratic Rev., x. 238.
27. The Wanderings of the Journeyman Tailor through
Europe and the East, 1824-40; from the German (3d ed.)
of P. D. Holthaus, 1844, fp. 8vo; 1849, fp. Svo.
i
"Except The Bible in Spain, we have not had so interesting a
wonder-book for years.”—Lon. Chris. Reformer.
In the last quarter of a century (few authors have been
able so long to command the undiminished interest of a
novelty-loving public) many kind things have been said
of William and Mary Howitt; but we doubt if any
tribute is more highly prized than that of Christopher
North, recorded in the 56th Number of Noctes Ambro-
sianæ, April, 1831: see Blackwood's Magazine, xxix.
699-700. See also the same periodical, xxiv. 674-675;
Xxxviii. 300-301.
28 Universal Hist. of Magic; from the German of Dr.
Joseph Ennemoser. To which is added an appendix of
apparitions, dreams, second-sight, somnambulism, &c.,
selected by Mary Howitt. Bohn's Scientific Library,
vols. xiii., xiv., p. Svo, 1854. In this translation, made
whilst on his voyage to Australia, Mr. Howitt was as-
sisted by his eldest son. The character of Ennemoser's
work is well known to the German scholar. Mr. Howitt
has long contemplated the publication of a history of the
Life and Times of George Fox; but whether it will ever
see the light is perhaps doubtful. In addition to the
works above noticed, he is the author of the article
"Quakers" in the 7th edit. of the Encyclopedia Britan-
nica, many pieces in The Literary Souvenir, The Amulet,
&c., and, in conjunction with Mary Howitt, edited, for the
three years of its continuance, (1847-49, 3 vols. r. 8vo,)
Howitt's Journal, a periodical which started with a cir-
culation of 30,000 copies. It was purchased by the owner
of the People's Journal, (of which Mr. Howitt had been
a co-proprietor and manager,) in consequence of some
pecuniary difficulties. Both journals are now extinct, to
the great loss of the intelligent portion of the middle
classes of Great Britain.
We have quoted many opinions respecting Mr. Howitt's
merits and demerits as a writer, but are obliged to with-
hold many more from want of space. Whilst we are far
from deeming him infallible, and consider that in his
earnestness to enlighten (as he supposes) the public mind
he has at times treated some most important themes with
censurable levity and culpable irreverence, yet we can-
not coincide with the reproof that the Reformer should
not expose evils without at the same time providing for
their extirpation. I might as well blame a neighbour for
apprizing me that my house was on fire, because he failed
to inform me immediately of a certain mode of extinguish-
ing the flames; or forbid my physician to announce the
presence of disease, unless he undertook at the same
moment to arrest its course. With the exception, there-
fore, hinted at above, many of our countrymen and
country women will unite with the commendation of our
highest literary authority:
We rejoice to see the works of the Howitts, whatever they
may be, republished amongst us. Their names have a pleasant
sound; their writings are sure to be animated by a kindly, hu-
mane spirit: and no one can leave them without feeling that he
bas been in delightful company.”—N. Amer. Rev.
JUS
Howldy, Thomas. Electricity; Nic. Jour., 1813-16.
Howlett, Bart. 1. Views in Lincoln, Lon., 1808,
imp. 4to. 2. Plan, &c. of St. Denys, 1811, 4to.
Howlett, John, an assumed name of Robert Par-
sons or Persons, the Jesuit.
Howlett, John, Vicar of Great Dunmow, Essex, d.
1804, pub. several works on Population, Agriculture,
Tithes, Poor-Rates, the Corn Trade, &c., 1776-1801, for a
list of which see Watt's Bibl. Brit. and McCulloch's Lit.
of Polit. Econ.
All are distinguished by ability, correct information, and
good sense."-MCCULLOCH: ubi supra.
Howlett, Rev. John Henry. 1. Instructions in
2. Metrical Chro-
Reading the Liturgy, Lon., 1826, Svo.
Other works.
nology; 5th ed., Camb., 1855, p. 8vo.
Howley, William, D.D., 1765-1848, a native of
Ropley, Hampshire, entered of New College, Oxford,
1783; elected Fellow, 1785; Canon of Christ Church,
1804; Regius Prof. of Divinity, 1809; Bishop of London,
1813; Archbishop of Canterbury, 1828. His lordship pub.
a few Sermons, Charges, &c., 1802-44.
Mag., April, 1848.
See Lon. Gent.
Howman, Roger, M.D., of Norwich. Two med.
papers in Phil. Trans., 1684, 1724.
Howorth, Mrs. Haller's Poems in English, 1794.
Howorth, Wm. Serms., Lon., 1839, 12mo. Other
works.
Hows, John W. S., b. 1797, in London, England,
Prof. of Oratory in Columbia Coll., N. York, from 1843
to the present time, 1856. 1. The Shaksperian Reader,
N. York, 1846, 12mo; 1849, 12mo. 2. Practical Elocu-
tionist, 1849, 12mo; 6th ed., Phila., 1855, 12mo.
"The Selections evince very great taste and judgment, while
ducing the happiest results. The volume has been adopted as a
the rules laid down by the accomplished editor cannot fail of pro-
text-book in Columbia College."-CHAS. ANTHON, LL.D.
Mr. Hows edited The Modern Standard Drama, &c.,
and was for seven years dramatic critic of the (N. York)
Albion.
Howse, Isaac. Mayors' Courts, &c., Lon., 1729, fol.
Howship, John. Medical treatises, Lon., 1816, '17.
Howson, John, 1556-1631, a native of London,
educated at Christ Church, Oxford; Bishop of Oxford,
1619; trans. to Durham, 1628. He was the author of a
number of serms. pub. 1597-1661: and four of his dis-
courses against the supremacy of St. Peter were pub. in
1622, 4to, by order of King James I., "to clear the asper-
sions laid upon him of favouring popery." See Bliss's
Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Hutchinson's Durham; Fuller's
Worthies.
Leaving behind bim the character of a very learned man, and
one plentifully endowed with all those virtues which were most
proper for a bishop."-WooD: abi supra,
Howson, John Saul, Principal of the Liverpool
Collegiate Institution. 1. Eternal Life through Christ
only: Norrisian Prize Essay for 1841, Camb., 1842,
8vo. 2. Three Serms. on Good and Bad Habits, Lon.,
1846, 18mo. 3. Twelve Serms. for Family Reading, 1849,
12mo. 5. Life and Epistles of St. Paul: see CONYBEARE,
sm. Svo. 4. Hist. of the Mediterranean: a Lecture, 1849,
appeared, Lon., 1856, 2 vols. sq. cr. 8vo, pp. 1282.
Of this most valuable work a new edit. has just
appeared, Lon., 1856, 2 vols. sq. cr. 8vo, pp. 1282.
W. J.
Berks, and Lecturer of St. Nicholas Cole-Abbey, London.
Howson, Robert, Rector of Stanford-Dingley,
1. Serm., Jan. 1, 1698, Lon., 4to. 2. Serm., 1703, 8vo.
riosities of Craven, Lon., 1850, 12mo.
Howson, Wm. An Illustrated Guide to the Cu-
Needle in a Voyage from Maryland; Phil. Trans., 1739.
Hoxton, Capt. Walter. Agitation of the Magnetic
Hoy, James. Paper in Trans. Linn. Soc., 1813.
Hoy, Thomas. Essays, and a Poem, 1682, 'S3.
Hoy, Thomas. Papers in Trans. Linn. Soc., 1793,
&c.
Poems, Strawberry Hill, 1796, 4to.
Hoyland, Rev. Mr. 1. Odes, Edin., 1785, 4to. 2.
World. 2. Hist. of the Gypsies, York, 1816, 8vo.
Hoyland, John. 1. Epitome of the Hist. of the
Hoyle, Charles. Poems, Lon., 1802, '04, '06, &c.
See Edin. Rev., xi. 362.
Hoyle, Edmund, 1672-1769, pub. several works on
ΠΟΥ
HUD
|
Games, 1744-61, of which there have been many edits.
There have been three new edits. pub. in London in the
last three years, viz.: 1. 1853, 18mo, improved and en-
larged by G. H., pub. by Simpkin; 2. 1854, 32mo, pub.
by Allman; 3. 1855, 32mo; Hoyle's Games made Familiar,
by Eidrah Trebor; 11th ed., pub. by Ward and Locke.
Hoyle, John. Dictionary of Music, Lon., 1791, 8vo.
Hoyle, Thomas, Jr. Pot-Ash; Nic. Jour., 1798.
Hoyt, E. Antiquarian Researches; or, Ilist. of the
Indian Wars, Greenfield, Mass.
Hoyt, J. B. A Pastor's Tribute to his People; or,
Serms. upon various Subjects, Norwich, N. York, 1851,
12mo.
miah Belknap's American Biography, N. York, 1842,
3 vols. 18mo. See a list of contents in Rich's Bibl. Amer.
Nova, xi. 363. 2. Life of Wm. R. Davie, Gov. of N. Car-
olina, pub. in Sparks's Amer. Biog., 2d Ser. xv. 1–135.
Hubbard, Geo. The City Tribute; or, Honest Effu-
sions of Love and Liberty, Lon., 1810. Svo.
Hubbard, H. Ixion, and other Poems, Bost., 1852,
12mo.
Hoyt, Ralph, Rector of the Episcopal Church of the
Good Shepherd, New York, and a native of that city, has
gained considerable reputation as a poet, and "golden
opinions" by his persevering, self-denying Christian
labours. 1. The Chaunt of Life, and other Poems, 1844.
2. Part Second of the Chaunt of Life, &c. 3. Sketches of
Life and Landscape, 1859, pub. for the benefit of the author's
new church-edifice. Specimens of Mr. Hoyt's poetry will
be found in Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America, and
in Duyckineks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit. See also Poe's Literati;
South. Quar. Rev., xvi. 224; N. Haven Church Rev., i. 274.
Hoyte, Henry. Conversion of Soils, Lon., 1801, 4to.
Hubback, Mrs., a niece of Jane Austen, the au-
thoress, is also known as a successful novelist. 1. The
Three Marriages. 2. May and December. 3. The Younger
Sister, 1850, 3 vols. p. Svo. 4. The Wife's Sister; or,
The Forbidden Marriage, 1851, 3 vols. p. Svo.
5. The
Old Vicarage, 1856, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Hubback, John. Treat, on the Evidence of Sue-
cession to Property and Peerages, Lon., 1844. r. Svo. An
able work. See 2 Law Mag., N. S., 409; 26 Leg. Obs.
Hubbard, Father. Tales; or, The Ant and the
Nightingale, 1604, 4to. Bl. letter. Very rare. Bindley,
Pt. 4, 722, £13 10s.; resold, Perry, Pt. 1, 1858, £10 58.
Hubbard, Benj. Navigation, Lon., 1656, Svo.
Hubbard, Fordyce M. 1. New ed. of Dr. Jere-ings, Lon., 1663, 4to.
Hubbard, Henry. Serm., Camb., 1750, 4to.
Hubbard, John, a Dissenting minister. Two Serms.
at Coward's Lecture, Lon., 1729, Svo. Nine of his serms.
are in the Berry St. (Coward's Lect.) Serms., 2d ed., 1739,
2 vols. Svo.
Hubbard, J. G. 1. Vindication of a Fixed Duty on
Corn, &c., Lon., 1842, Svo. 2. The Currency and the
Country, 1843, Svo.
"A valuable tract in favour of a single bank of issue."-McCul-
loch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 184.
|
Hubbard, J. P. British Marble; Nic. Jour., 1810.
Hubbard, Rev. John C., of Surrey, d. 1805. 1.
Jacobinism; a Poem. 2. Triumphs of Poesy, 1803.
Hubbard, Joseph S., b. 1823, at New Haven, Conn.,
now Prof. of Mathematics in U.S. Navy, has contributed
to the Astronomical Journal, (Cambridge, Mass.,) and to
other periodicals.
Hubbard, Leverett, M.D. Hist. of a Gangrene of
the Scrotum; Memoirs Med., 1792.
Hubbard, William. The Tragicall and Lamentable
Historie of two faythfull Mates Ceyx, Kynge of Thrachine,
and Alcione his Wife, drawen into English Mecter, Lon.,
1569, 16mo. See Golding's trans. of the XIth Book of
Ovid's Metamorphoses; Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poet.;
Ritson's Bibl. Poet.
earlier annals he was indebted to Winthrop's MS. J、ar-
nal; and Hubbard's MS., in turn, was of great service to
Mather, Prince, Hutchinson, Holmes, &c.:
1642.
Hubbard, William, 1621-1704, minister of Ipswich,
Mass., graduated at Harvard College in the first class,
1. Election Serm., Bost., 1676: an excellent pro-
duction. 2. A Narrative of the Troubles with the Indians
from 1607-77, with a Discourse, 1677, 4to. With a map
of New England: now often wanting in copies. (See
Rich's Cat. of Books, 1500-1600, p. 102.) Lon., 1677, sm.
8vo; Worcester, Mass., 1801, 8vo. 3. Fast Serm., 1682.
4. Funl. Discourse on Gen. Denison, 1684. 5. A Testimony
to the order of the Gospel in the Churches of N. England,
1701; with Mr. Higginson. Hubbard left in MS. A General
Ilist. of N. Eugland from the Discovery to 1680, which
was pub. by the Mass. Hist. Soc., Camb., 1815, Svo, pp.
676. For the preparation of this history the State paid
him £50. For much of the most important portion of the
"To style, indeed. Hubbard has in this work afforded little at
tention, or rather bas employed several modes of composition in
bis different chapters, here dilating in a careful examination of
events and discussion of principles, there confining himself to the
most meagre manner of the humblest diary. But his skill may
be ascertained from his election sermon, (1676.] which no work
of the two next generations surpassed.... Hubbard's claims as
the historian of the great war of 1675-76 are universally acknow-
ledged. for three editions have made his Indian Wars well known.”
-JAMES SAVAGE, Prest of the Muss. Hist. Soc.; N. Amer. Rev., ii.
221-230.
"In a word. he is learned without ostentation and vanity, and
gives all his productions such a delicate turn and grace. (as is
seen in his printed Sermons and History of the Indian Wars.)
that the features and lineaments of the Child make a clear dis-
covery and distinction of the Father: yet is he a man of singular
modesty, of strict morals, and has done as much for the conver-
sion of the Indians as most men in England."-John Dunton" 8
Life and Errors. ed. 1818. i. 133-131. q.. for a favourable ac
count of the worthy divine's love of hospitality and good books.
See also Hutchinson; Holmes; Hist. Collec. of Mass.
Hubbell, Martha Stone, 1814-1856, a native of
Oxford, Conn., and a daughter of Noah Stone, M.D., was
married to the Rev. Stephen Hubbell in 1832. At the time
of her decease she was a resident of North Stonington,
Conn. Mrs. Hubbell wrote a number of Children's Stories
for the American and Mass. Sunday-School Union, and
the following work, of which 40.000 copies were sold within
a year after its publication: The Shady Side; or, Life in
a Country Parsonage, by a Pastor's Wife, Bost., 1853,
12mo.
"Life in a Country Parsonage in the States appears to be as
pretty a martyrdom as the world has now to show.”—Lm. Athen-
œum. 1853. p. 616.
Hubbert, Thomas. A Pill to purge Formality, Lon.,
1650, sm. Svo.
Hubberthorne, Richard. 1. A True Testimony of
the Zeal of Oxford Professors and University Men, Lon.,
1654, 4to. 2. A Collection of his several Books and Writ-
Hubbocke, Wm. 1. Serm., Lon.. 1595, Svo. 2. Ora-
tion gratulatorie to K. James, Oxf., 1604, 4to. King and
Lochée's, in 1814, £5 158. 6d.
Lochée's, in 1814, £5 158. 6d. Reprinted from the copy in
the Bodleian Library, in Nichols's Progresses of K. James.
Hubert, Sir Francis. 1. Historie of Edward II.,
Lon., 1628, '29, 8vo. This epic poem, according to the
Bibl. Anglo-Poet., (q. v.,) was written by Richard Hubert,
and Sir Francis, his brother, was only the editor of the
2d edit. 2. Egypt's Favourite; a Poem, 1631. Svo. See
Bibl. Anglo-Puet.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Lon. Gent.
Mag., 1824.
Hubert, J., or Huberts, A. Corner-Stone towards
a new seat of Physicians in London, Lon., 1675, 4to.
Hubert, or Forges, Robert. Catalogue of many
Natural Rarities, Lon., 1664, 65, 12mo. See an account
of this collection (destroyed in the great fire of 1666) in
Hawkins's Hist. of Music, iv. 378.
Hubly, Barnard, of Pennsylvania.
Hist. of the
American Revolution.
Huch, Richard, M.D., Physician to the Army, d.
1785. Papers in Med. Obs. and Ing., 1767.
Huckell, Rev. John. Avon; a Poem, 1811, 12mo.
Hucks, J. 1. Pedestrian Tour through North Wales,
Lon., 1795, 12mo.
Lon., 1795, 12mo. 2. Poems. 1798, 120.
Huddart, Capt. Joseph, 1741-1816, pub. A Sketch
of the Straits of Gasper, Lon., 1788, Svo, several charts,
and papers in Phil. Trans. and Nie. Jour., 1777-1805. A
Memoir of Capt. H. was privately printed in 1821, 4to.
Huddesford, G. Reply to a Pamphlet in Defence.
of the Rector, &c. of Exeter College, Oxf., 1655, 4to.
Huddesford, George, a humorous poet. 1. Topsy-
Turvy: Anecdotes, &c., Lon., 1790, Svo. 2. Salmagundi:
Original Poems, 1793, Svo. 3. Poems; including Salma-
gundi, Topsy-Turvy, Bubble and Squeak, and Crambe Re-
petita, with Corrections and original Addits., 1801, 2 vols.
Svo. See Lon. Month. Rev., xxxviii. 272–276. 4. Les
Champignons du Diable, or Imperial Mushrooms; a Mock-
Heroic Poem in five Cantos, 1805, 12mo. 5. Wiccamical
Chaplet: a Selection of Original Poetry, 1805, er. Svo;
Lowndes says 1804, cr. Svo. Many of these pieces are by
the editor. The title Wiccamical denotes the fact that the
contributors were educated at Winchester School, which
was founded by William of Wickham,
"The Wiccamical effusions manifest great sportiveness of genius,
and no inconsiderable portion of that Broadgrin' which in the
•
present age is preferred to merely elegant poetry.”—Lon. Month.
Rer.. xlix. 201-205, q. v..
Huddesford, Wm., D.D., d. 1772, Principal of Trin.
Coll., Oxf. 1. Catalogus Librorum manuscriptorum Viri
909
HUD
HUG
clarissimi Antonio a Wood, Oxf., 1761. 8vo. 2. Martini
Lister, M.D., Historiæ, sive Synopsis Conchylionum et Ta-
bularum Anatomicarum; Editio altera, &c., Oxf., 1770, fol.
3. Lives of Leland, Hearne, Anthony à Wood, &c., 1772,
2 vols. 8vo.
Huddleston, John. Infant Baptism. Lon., 1769, Svo.
Huddleston, John. Speech in H. of Commons,
Speech in H. of Commons,
1805, Svo.
Huddleston, Lawrence. Boats; Nic. Jour., 1703.
Huddleston, Robert, 1776-1827, a Scotch anti-
quary. New ed. of Toland's Hist. of the Druids, Mon-
trose, 1814, Svo.
Huddleston, Wm., Rector of Navenden, Kent. for-
merly a Benedictine monk. Serm. [Recantation] on 1 Kings
xxii. 21, 22, Lon., 1729, Svo.
Huddleston, Wm., Vicar of Tirley, Gloucestershire.
Divine Truths Vindicated in the Ch. of Eng., Lon., 1733,
8vo.
Hudleston, Richard, a Benedictine monk. A Short
and Plain Way to the Faith and Church; with Charles II.'s
Papers found in his Closet after his Death, Lon., 16SS, 4to.
Hudley, George. Trade Winds; Phil. Trans., 1735.
Hudson, Mrs. See DONAT, MRS.
Hudson, Rev. Charles, and Edward Shirley
Kennedy. Where there's a Will there's a Way: an As-
cent of Mont Blanc by a New Route, and without Guides,
Lon., 1856, p. Svo. Commended by the Lon. Athenæum;
and see also Westm. Rev., Oct. 1856.
Hudson, F. Monumental Brasses of Northampton-
shire, Lon., 1853, imp. fol. 90 engravings executed in
bronze, being a new process, presenting fac-similes of the
brasses described.
Hudson, Henry, an eminent English navigator,
respecting whom particulars will be found in the authori-
ties cited below, whilst returning, in the spring of 1611,
from the discovery of the bay which bears his name, was
set adrift in a shallop, with his son and seven sailors, by
his mutinous crew. They were never heard from again.
1. Divers Voyages and Northern Discoveries, 1607. 2. A
Second Voyage for finding a Passage to the East Indies
by the North-East, 1608. See Purchas's Pilgrimes, vol. iii.;
Descriptio ac Delineatio geographica Detectionis Freti,
geographica Detectionis Freti,
sive Transitos ad Occasum, supra Terras Americanas,
Amst., 1612, 4to; Life of Hudson, in Biog. Brit., iv. 2691-
2695; do., by Henry R. Cleveland, in Sparks's Amer. Biog.,
1st Ser., x. 185–261. A Life of Hudson, for juvenile readers,
by the Rev. Francis L. Hawks, D.D., has been recently pub.
by D. Appleton & Co., of New York. Respecting Hudson's
explorations, accounts will be found in several of the au-
thorities noted by us in our life of Sir John Franklin in
this Dictionary.
"The heroic but unfortunate Hudson :-one of the brightest
names in the history of English maritime adventure."-Edward
Everell's Oration on occasion of the Inauguration of the Dudley As-
tronomical Observatory at Albany, Aug. 28, 1856.
Hudson, Henry. The Hours: in Four Idylls, 1818,
8vo.
Hudson, Henry Norman, b. Jan. 28, 1814, in Corn-
wall, Addison county, Vermont, graduated at Middlebury
Coll., 1840; ordained a clergyman of the Protestant Episco-
pal Church, by Bishop Whittingham, in Trinity Church, N.
York, 1849. 1. Lectures on Shakspeare, N. York, 1848, 2
vols. 12mo; 2d ed. in same year. These admirable lectures
were delivered, in 1843 and several following years, in the
principal cities of the United States. See N. Amer. Rev.,
Ixvii. 84, (by E. P. Whipple ;) Chris. Exam., xlv. 303, (by
C. A. Bartol;) Amer. Whig Rev., viii. 39, (by G. W. Peck ;)
Amer. Lit. Mag., ii. 387 Democratic Rev., xvi. 412. 2.
The Works of William Shakspeare: The Text carefully
restored according to the First with
tions, Notes, Original and Selected, and a Life of the Poet,
Munroe & Co., Bost., 1851-56, 11 vols. 16mo. As regards
size and print, this edition is modelled upon the favourite
one in England known as the Chiswick Edition.
It con-
tains all the Plays, Poems, and Sonnets of Shakspeare.
We have several commendations before us of Mr.
editorial labours, but have space for the following only:
"There is every probability that as soon as Mr. Hudson's Shak-
speare becomes known, as it well deserves to be, in this country,
it will meet with no inconsiderable amount of patronage here.'
New (London) Quarterly Review.
"Mr. Verplanck has brought the treasures of a various and re-
condite learning, with no common share of critical sagacity, to
the illustration of Shakspeare. Following in the same direction,
but striking out a new path. Mr. IIudson has enriched the litera
ture of our language with the fruits of his studies, mastering the
difficulties of the poet with wonderful ingenuity, seizing the
spirit of his characterization with kindred subtlety, and. in a sin-
gularly nervous and racy style, presenting some of the finest spe
cimens of critical analysis of which any modern writer can
boast."
Mr. Hudson has been a contributor to the Church Re-
view, the American Whig Review, and the Democratic
Review, and in 1850 pub. a Serm. entitled Old Wine in
Old Bottles. In 1857 ho originated and edited the Ame-
rican Church Monthly, pub. in N. York.
Hudson, J. C. 1. Plain Directions for Making Wills;
4th ed., 1838, fp. Svo; 9th ed. pub. 2. Executor's Guide,
Lon., 1838, fp. Svo. New ed., 1854, fp. Svo. 3. Tables
for Valuing Annuities, &c.; 2d ed., 1842, 8vo. 4. Parent's
Handbook, 1842, fp. Svo. Mr. Hudson's works are of
great value.
Hudson, J. W. History of Education, Lon., 1851,8vo.
Hudson, John, 1662-1719, a native of Cumberland,
educated at Queen's Coll., Oxf., is known by his excellent
edits. of Thucydides, Oxon., 1696, fol.; Minor Greck
Geographers, 1698-1712, 4 vols. Svo, and in 6 vols. 8vo;
Dionysius Halicarnassus, 1704, 2 vols. fol.; Esop's Fables,
1718, Svo; Josephus, 1720, 2 vols. fol.; and other works.
See Biog. Brit.; Anthony Hall's preface to the Josephus;
Athen. Oxon.; Dibdin's Greek and Latin Classics; Dib-
din's Lib. Comp.; Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, ed. 1854,
iii. 251; H. G. Bohn's Genl. Cat., 1848, Pt. 2, 522, 539;
Lon. Gent. Mag. for 1734, vol. iv. 553.
Hudson, Joseph. Six Years' Residence in Hud-
son's Bay, 1733-36 and 1744-47, Lon., 1752, Svo.
A good
book.
Hudson, Michael.
Hudson, Richard.
1781, 12mo.
Hudson, Samuel. 1. Visible Catholick Church,
Lon., 1645, 4to. 2. Vindication of the same, 1650, 4to.
Hudson, Thomas. The Historie of Judith, in
forme of a Poeme. Trans. from Du Bartas, Lon., 1584,
8vo; 1611, 4to. Some extracts from his poems will be
found in England's Parnassus. See Brydges's Phillips's
Theat. Poet. Anglic., 220; Drake's Shakspeare and his
Times.
Government, Lon., 1647, 8vo.
Land-Valuer's Assistant, Lon.,
Hudson, Thomas. Odes, 1759, '61, '65.
Hudson, W. E., d. 1853. 1. Statute Law of Ireland
Svo.
and Eng., Dubl., 1829,
"A learned and admirable treatise."-1 Leg. Rep. 244.
2. Elective Franchise, Dubl., 1832, 12mo. 3. In con-
junction with John Brooke, Irish K. B. and Excheq. Re-
ports, 1827-28, vol. i. and 3 Pts. of vol. ii., Dubl., 1829–35.
Hudson, Wm., 1730 ?-1793, a native of Westmore-
land, was one of the first English botanists who adopted
the Linnæan System. Flora Anglica, Lon., 1762, Svo.
Greatly improved, 1778, 2 vols. 8vo.
Hues, Robert. Tractatus de Globis, &c., 1611-63.
Huggan, A., M.D. Con. to Med. and Phys. Jour.,
1799, 1800.
Huggard, or Hoggard, Miles, pub. several poeti ·
cal and other works in defence of the R. Catholic faith,
1548-57. See Ritson's Bibl. Poet.; Warton's Hist. of
Eng. Poet.; Brydges's Brit. Bibliog.; Lowndes's Bibl.
Man., 979; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1032.
Hugget, Anthony. Serm., Lon., 1615, 4to.
Huggins, Wm., d. 1761. Part of Orlando Furioso;
from the Italian, Lon., 1758, Svo.
Hugh, Abbot of Reading, d. 1164, a native of France,
who resided in England during part of the reign of Henry
I., is chiefly known as a writer by a treatise on theology,
in seven books, which
“Exhibits much profundity of thought and metaphysical
learning."-Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-Norman Period, q. v.
Some of Hugh's writings have been published.
Hugh de Rutland, a poet temp. Richard I., accord-
ing to M. de la Rue, dwelt at Credenhill, in Cornwall.
His best-known poem is the Romance of Ipomedon, of
which he wrote a continuation, entitled the Romance of
Prothesilaus. The first (MS. in the Brit. Mus.) extends
Royal Lib. at Paris) extends to nearly 11,000 lines. See
to upwards of 10,000 lines, and the latter (MS. in the
Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-Norman Period.
Hughe, Wm., d. 1549, one of the English Reformers,
educated at Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf. 1. The Troubled
Man's Medicine, Lon., 1546, '67, 16mo. Another ed.,
16mo, 8. a., sed circ. 1558? 2. A Sweet Consolation, and
the second booke of The Troubled Man's Medicine, 1567,
8vo. See British Reformers, vol. xi.
Hughes. Commentary on the Books of Genesis,
Exodus, Leviticus, Psalms to Zachariah, and the whole
of the N. Test., 1851, 5 vols. 12mo. In the Welsh lan-
guage. This has been styled
"The most extensive and best Welsh Commentary extant.”
910
IUG
HUG
Hughes, Mrs. Poems, novels, and dramas, 1784–90.
Hughes, Benj. 1. Sinon Magus; a Poem, Lon.,
1774, 4to. 2. Epistle to Junius, 1774, 4to.
Hughes, Charles. The Compleat Horseman, 1772.
Hughes, D. Law rel. to Insurances, Lon., 1828, 8vo;
1st Amer. ed., N. York, 1833, 8vo.
"A plain, methodical, and correct Treatise.”—3 Kent, 351, n.
Hughes, Edward, Head-Master of the Royal Naval
Lower School, Greenwich Hospital, has pub. a number
of valuable educational works on Geography, History,
Arithmetic, Reading, &c., Lon., 1848-56.
Hughes, George, 1603–1667, a native of Southwark,
educated at Corpus Christi Coll., Oxf., and Fellow of
Pembroke Coll., Lecturer of Allhallows, London, and
subsequently minister of Tavistock, during the Rebellion
obtained the living of St. Andrews, Plymouth, from which
he was ejected for Non-conformity in 1662. He pub. a
Serm., 1647, three theolog. treatises, 1644, 68, '70, and
An Analytical Expos. of Genesis and of XXIII. Chapters
of Exodus, (Plymouth,) 1672, fol.
"A very elaborate and curious work: it is not of common oc-
currence." Horne's Bibl. Bib.
·
16
Hughes, Griffith, minister of St. Lacy's Parish,
Barbadoes. 1. Natural Hist. of Barbadoes, Lon., 1750, fol.
Instead of the crude, irregular descriptions of this author,
the naturalist is to be punctual, exact, and express. . . As to
his talents for natural history, it was an unlucky mistake in him.
to suppose them such as could enable him to go through so ardu-
ous a task as the history of the products of a whole island, though
a very small one."-Lon. Mmth. Rec., July, 1750, 197-206.
4
See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, i. 97.
2. Of a Zoophyton resembling the flower of the Mari-
gold; Phil. Trans., 1743.
Hughes, H. Retribution, and other Poems, Lon.,
1798, 8vo.
Hughes, H. G. Practice of the Ct. of Chan. in Ire-
land, Dubl., 1837, Svo. Of little value. See 1 Leg. Rep., 17.
Hughes, H. H. Beauties of Cambria, Lon., ob. 4to.
Hughes, H. M., M.D., Assistant Physician to Guy's
Hospital. A Clinical Introduction to the Practice of
Auscultation, Lon., 1845, 12mo; 2d ed., improved, 1854,
12mo; 2d Amer. from the 2d Lon. ed., Phila., 1854, 12mo.
"Embodying the existing state of our knowledge, and alike
free from dogmatism or assumption, we recognise in its precepts
the efforts of a practical physician, fully competent, and equally
anxious, to forward science by dispassionately discussing truth."
-Dublin Quar. Journal of Med. Science.
Hughes, Henry, Curate of Great Linford, Bucks.
Serm., Lon., 1833, 12mo. Other works.
Hughes, Henry, Perpetual Curate of All-Saints,
Gordon-Square. 1. The Voice of the Anglican Church;
being the declared opinions of her Bishops on the Doc-
trines of the Oxford Tract Writers; with an Introductory
Essay, Lon., 1842, 12mo. The prelates cited are, The
Archbishops of Canterbury, Armagh, Dublin, and Cashel;
the Bishops of Winchester, Durham, London, Exeter,
Bristol, Chester, Hereford, Ripon, Worcester, Salisbury,
Oxford, Llandaff, Down and Connor, and Calcutta.
Congregational Psalmody, 1843, 12mo.
2.
Hughes, Hugh, D.D., Rector of St. John's, Clerken-
well, London. Female Characters of Holy Writ; in a
Course of Serms.: 1st Ser., 1845, 12mo; 2d Ser., 1846,
12mo; 3d Ser., 1847, 12mo.
"Many Christian women will doubtless thank Dr. Hughes for
having led them to dwell more thoughtfully on those parts of
Scripture specially intended for their instruction.”—Lon. Chris- |
tian Ladies' Mag.
They are highly instructive-models of popular teaching;
and we scarcely know a book better adapted to family reading."
-Brit. Quar. Rev.
Sketch of the Philosophy of Pusey-
Hughes, J. G.
ism, Lon., 1844, Svo.
Hughes, Jabez, 1685-1731, a younger brother of
John Hughes, the poet, (1677-1720,) pub. trans. from
Claudian, Lucan, Suetonius, and Cervantes, 1714, '17. '23,
'29. His Miscellanies, in Verse and Prose, were pub.,
Lon., 1737, Svo. See Nichols's Select Collection of Poems;
Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Hughes, James. Kentucky Supreme Ct. Reports,
1785-1801, Lexington, 1803, 4to.
Hughes, James. 1. Practice in Civil Actions under
the Code of Indiana, Cin., 1856. 2. Manual for Executors
and Administrators in Indiana, 1856. 3. Statutes of In-
diana; a newly-revised ed., 1856. 4. In conjunction
with David McDonald and Albert G. Porter, A Digest of
the Decisions of the Supreme Ct. of Indiana from its
organization to the present time; being a Digest of the
S vols. of Blackford's Reps. and of the first 6 vols. of In-
diana Reports. (The above four works are announced as
in press by H. W. Derby & Co. of Cincinnati, May, 1856.)
Hughes, John, 1877-1720, a native of Marlborough,
a contributor to The Tatler, Spectator, and Guardian, and
the author of the whole or the principal part of the Essays,
Discourses, &c. of the Lay Monk, (2d ed., 1714, 12mno,) a
sequel to the Spectator, has lost the poetical reputation
which he enjoyed. He was educated at a Dissenters'
Academy in London, and subsequently held a place in
the Office of Ordnance, and was Secretary to the Com-
missioners for the purchasing of lands for the royal dock-
yards. Later in life he was Secretary to the Commis-
sioners of the Peace. 1. Poem on the Peace of Ryswick,
1697. 2. The Court of Neptune, 1699. 3. Ode on the
Death of K. William, 1702. 4. Ode in Praise of Music,
1703, 4to. 5. Spenser's Works, with Life, &c., 1715, 6 vols.
12ino. 6. The Siege of Damascus; a Tragedy, 1720, 8vo.
The author died on the same night that this piece was
first performed with great applause. 7. Poems and Prose
Essays, 1735, 2 vols. 12mo; Posth. He trans. Fontenelle's
Dialogues of the Dead, and Discourse concerning the Au-
cients and Moderns, the Abbé Vertot's Higt. of the Revo-
lutions in Portugal, Letters of Abelard and Heloisa, and
3 vols. fol.
wrote the preface to the Complete Hist. of England, 1706,
His Correspondence was pub. by the Rev. J.
Duncombe, with Notes, 1772, 3 vols. 12mo; 2d ed., 1773,
3 vols. p. 8vo. As a translator, Hughes is entitled to con-
siderable credit: of his original efforts The Siege of Da-
mascus is the only piece by which he is now known to the
reading public. Addison thought so highly of Hughes's
dramatic abilities that he begged him to write the fifth Act
of Cato:
Hughes was very capable of writing this fifth Art. The Siege
of Damascus is a better tragedy than Cato, though Pope affected
to speak slightingly of its author."-DR. Joseph WarTON : Note to
Pope's Prologue là Cato.
•
Ile Hughes) is too grave a poet for me, and, I think, among
the Mediocrists in prose as well as verse.”—Swift to Pope.
"What he wanted in genius. he made up as an honest man;
but he was of the class you think him.”—Pupe ↳ Swift.
Dr. Johnson, who in his life of Hughes quotes the above,
(and more of the same correspondence,) avoids giving any
opinion respecting the literary merits of his author; but it
is easy to perceive that he agrees with the estimate he
cites. An eminent critic, in his comments upon the merits
of our author, remarks:
"The only piece, however, which can with any propriety claim
for Hughes the appellation of a poet, is The Siege of Damascus.
Of this Drama, which is still occasionally acted, the sentiments
and morality are pure and correct, the imagery frequently beauti
ful, and the diction and versification for the most part clear and
melodious. It is defective, notwithstanding, in the most essential
quality of dramatic composition. the power of affecting the pas
sions; and is. therefore, more likely to afford pleasure in the closet
than on the stage. Hughes has more merit as a translator of
poetry than as an original poet.... On the prose of Hughes I am
inclined to bestow more praise than on his poetry.... All the
periodical essays of Hughes are written in a style which is, in
and humour, and they uniformly tend to inculcate the best pre-
general, easy, correct, and elegant: they occasionally exhibit wit
cepts, moral, prudential, and religious."-Drake's Essays illustra
tive of the Tutler, Spectator, and Guardian, (vol. iii. 26-50.) g. v. for
an account of IIughes's share in these periodicals; and see the Pre-
faces to the various edits, of these works.
...
In addition to authorities cited above, see Life of Dun-
combe, in Biog. Brit. Spence's Anecdotes; Chalmers's
Biog. Dict.; Index to Lou. Gent. Mag.
Hughes, John, 1682-1710, a Fellow of Jesus College,
Camb.
Camb. 1. Dissertationes in quibus auctoritas Ecclesiastica
quatenus à civili sit distincta, defenditur, contra Erastianos,
1711, Sro. 2. St. Chrysostom's Treat. on the Priesthood,
Camb., 1710, Svo. In English, by Hilk. Bedford, Lon.,
Camb., 1710, Svo: 2d ed., with Notes, &c., 1712, Svo. See
Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 535–537, 815.
“A learned hand.”—BP. ATTERBURY.
See Lysons's Environs; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. xlviii.;
Nichols's Atterbury.
Hughes, John. Serm., &c., 1803, '04, both Svo.
Hughes, John, the "Buller of Brazennose," (though
really of Oriel,) celebrated in Wilson's Christopher in the
Tent, was the author of an Itinerary of Provence and the
Rhone during 1819, (1822, Svo, 1829, Svo,) and poetical and
other compositions. The literary merits of Hughes are
depicted in glowing terms by Miss Mitford in her Recol-
lections; and a still greater authority has lavished his en-
comiums upon the Itinerary :
"A poet, a draughtsinan, and a scholar, who gives such an ani-
mated description of Chateau Grignan, the dwelling of Madame
de Sévigné's beloved daughter, that no one who has ever read the
book would be within forty miles of the same without going a ril-
grimage to the spot."-SIR WALTER SCOTT.
This work contains thirteen good etchings by the author;
and a set of Views in Provence and on the Rhone, r. 4to;
illustrative of the Itinerary, was engraved by W. B. Cooke.
911
HUG
HUI
"Was not his Provence and the Rhone almost the only book
ever praised in the Waverley Novels? [in Quentin Durward.] Does
not he contrive in his journals to make his pen do double duty as
sketcher and writer?"-MISS MITFORD: ubi supra.
Hughes, the Most Rev. John, D.D., Archbishop
of the Roman Catholic Church in New York, b. in the North
of Ireland, 1798, came to America in 1817, was educated
at the College of Mount St. Mary, Emmetsburg, Maryland;
ordained in 1825, and shortly afterwards appointed pastor
of a church in Philadelphia; Bishop-administrator of the
Diocese of New York, 1838; Archbishop of the R. C. Church
in New York, 1850. He has pub. a number of Sermons,
Lectures, &c., principally in defence of his ecclesiastical
tenets. His discussion with the Rev. Dr. Breckinridge, a
Presbyterian divine, on the R. C. Religion, was pub. Phila.,
1836, Svo, his Controversy with Senator Brooks on the pro-
prietorship of Church property, N. York, 1855, 12mo, and
his Review of the Letters of Kirwan, 1855, 32mo.
Hughes, Joseph. Serm., &c., Lon., 1802, '04.
Hughes, Joseph, Sec. to the Brit. and For. Bible Soc,
Funl. Serm. on the Rev. John Owen, one of the Secretaries
of the Brit. and For. Bible Soc., on Ps. xxxiv. 13, Lon.,
1822, 8vo. See a Memoir of Mr. Hughes by the Rev. J.
Leifchild, Lon., 12mo.
"What a loss would dear Mr. Hughes be to the Bible Society,
and to the religious world in general! I am quite of opinion with
you. that the admirable temper and prudence of Mr. Hughes have
been as serviceable as the more brilliant talents of Mr. Owen: both
admirable men,~par nobile fratrum.”—Rev. Robert Hall to Rev.
James Phillips, Leicester, March 6, 1818: Hall's Works, ed. Lon.,
1853. v. 517-518.
Hughes, J. T. Politics of England and France at
the close of 1797, Lon., 1797, Svo.
Hughes, Lewis. Theolog., &c. works, Lon., 1615–42.
Hughes, Michael. Rebellion of 1745, Svo, 1746, '47.
Hughes, Obadiah, D.D., 1695-1744, a Dissenting
minister at Westminster. Serms., 1722-46.
Hughes, R. E. Two Summer Cruises with the Baltic
Fleet in 1854-55; being the Log of the Pet; with Views
and Charts, Lon., 1855, p. 8vo.
"Mr. H. tells us at first-hand of Bomarsund and Sveaborg. He
sketches sea and coast life, and appears to be a man whose attain-
ments fit him for the business.”—Lon. Athenæum.
Hughes, Capt. R. M. Duties of Judge-Advocates,
Lon., 1855, 8vo.
Hughes, Rice. Serms., &c., 1790-1803.
Hughes, Richard, Surgeon. 1. Hernia; Med. Com.,
1792. 2. Diarrhoea; Med. Facts, 1795.
Hughes, Mrs. S. Friendly Visits from the Muse;
or, The Consolations of Solitude, 1810, 8vo.
Hughes, Samuel. See COVENTRY, THOMAS, NO. 3;
HARRISON, S. B., No. 2. The Index of the two former and
the Digest of the last form a complete Digest of English
Common Law Reports.
Hughes, T., Surgeon. Papers in Med. Facts, 1792.
T. B.
Case the King v. Bebb,
&c., Lon., 1811, 8vo. 2. Friendly Loan Societies, 1841,
2. Friendly Loan Societies, 1841,
12mo.
6. Portuguese Perfidy Exposed, 1848, 8vo.
Hughes, Thomas.
8vo.
Information and enquiry, a sound judgment and good education.
Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
Hughes, Thomas. The Ascension; a Poetical
Essay, Lon., 1780, 4to.
Hughes, Thomas Smart, D.D., became Preb. of
Peterborough in 1827. 1. Belshazzar's Feast; a Seatonian
Prize Poem, 1813. 2. Travels in Sicily, Greece, and Al-
bania, Lon., 1820, 2 vols. 4to, with fifteen Maps and
Plates, £5 58. New ed., 1830, 2 vols. 8vo, £1 48. In this
edit. the large plates are omitted. See Lon. Lit. Gaz.,
1830, pp. 620-622.
3. Divines of the Church of England, with Summaries.
of their Discourses, Notes, Lives, &c., 22 vols. sm. 8vo:
pub. by A. J. Valpy.
"No divine, no student, nay, no gentleman, should be without
No work is at present more needed, or more likely to secure
at once the extensive circulation that it deserves."-Lon. Sun.
4. Hist. of England, from the Accession of George III.
to the Accession of Victoria, 1760-1837; being a Con-
tinuation of Hume and Smollett, 1836, 7 vols. 8vo, 10s.
6d. each. Again, 1847, 7 vols. 8vo, 108. 6d. each. New
ed., with the author's last Corrections and Improvements,
1856, 7 vols. Svo, 108. 6d. each; also in er. 8vo, 48. each. The
new ed. of the History of England just pub. (1856) by Bell
is thus arranged:-vols. i.-vi., Hume's portion; vols. vii.-
and Daldy, Fleet St., London, in 18 vols. cr. Svo, 48. each,
xi., Smollett's portion; vols. xii.-xviii., Hughes's portion.
The edit. (Valpy's, also pub. by Mr. Bell) which preceded
this in 1848, &c. is in 21 vols. Svo, 58. each; viz.: Hume,
i-viii.; Smollett, ix-xiii.; Hughes, xiv.-xxi. There
was also an edit. in 1854, 18 vols. Svo. Of the above edits.
either portion can be had separately.
"Classical, antiquarian, and descriptive of the state of society,
political, civil, religious, and domestic; bearing marks of much
"Mr. Hughes's undertaking was one of no mean difficulty. He
has, however, executed his task in a way equally honourable to
his understanding and his industry; and the result is, an im
partial and critical history of one of the most important epochs
of ancient or modern times."-Lon. Monthly Mag.
C The author appears moderate and impartial as regards opi-
with pains-taking industry, and to have combined his materials
nions. He seems to have sought after his facts and information
with sufficient skill; whilst his narrative carries us smoothly and
quietly along without excitement, without weariness."-Lon.
Spectator.
Hughes, Wm. Serms., &c., Lon., 1652-96. See an
account of this author and his works in Athen. Oxon.
Hughes, Wm. 1. Complete Vineyard, Lon., 1670,
Garden, 1672, 1734, 12mo.
2. American Physician, 1672, 12mo. 3. Flower-
Svo.
Hughes, Wm. Serms., &c., 1749-1812.
Hughes, Wm., has pub. a number of atlases and
cently given to the world an excellent Atlas of Classical
He has re-
valuable geographical works, Lon., 1841-56.
Geography, edited by George Long, 1854, r., Svo, and is
now (1856) employed upon the completion of the late
Samuel Maunder's Treasury of Geography.
Hughes, T. M. 1. Revelations of Spain in 1845;
2d ed., Lon., 1845, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
"The work recently published in London, entitled Revelations
of Spain, contains a most interesting account of the events from
the fall of Espartero to the present day, which are appreciated in
a manner worthy of the subject and of a free and enlightened
country."-Eco del Comercio, of Madrid.
Hughs, Mrs. Mary, a native of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, England, emigrated to Philadelphia in 1818, and
soon became favourably known as the proprietor of an
Academy for Young Ladies, which she conducted for
twenty-one years. As an authoress Mrs. Hughs is widely
known by Aunt Mary's Library for Boys and Girls, 10 vols. ;
Ornaments Discovered, Stories for Children, Emma Morti-
mer, Buds and Blossoms, &c. She has been a contributor
to several periodicals. See Mrs. Hale's Woman's Record.
Hughson, D., LL.D., i. e. Dr. Pugh. 1. Hist., &c.
of London, &c., Lon., 1806-09, 6 vols. 8vo. See Upcott's
3. The Biliad; or, How to Criticize; 3d ed., 1846, fp. Eng. Topog., ii. 659–672. 2. Privileges of London, 1816,
8vo. 4. Iberia Won; a Poem, 1847, p. 8vo. 5. Revela- 12mo. 3. Walks through London, Westminster, South-
|
tions of Portugal, and Narrative of an Overland Journey wark, &c., 1817, 2 vols. Svo; also on large paper in 8vo,
to Lisbon; 2d ed., 1847, 2 vols. p. Svo.
and largest paper, r. Svo. See Upcott's Eng. Top., iii.
| 1478–1481.
2. The Ocean Flower; a Poem; Preceded by an Hist. and
Descrip. Account of the Island of Madeira, 1845, 12mo.
“We can cordially recommend it to all who are interested in
the island of Madeira, as being the pleasantest book hitherto
written on this Flower of the Ocean and Gem of the Sea.”—Lon.
New Quar. Rev.
"Mr. Hughes's volumes are full of entertainment. and contain
much valuable information on the real state of the Peninsula."-
Britannia.
5. An Essay on the Political System of Europe: its
Connexion with the Government of G. Britain, and the
General Policy of the European States, 1855, 12mo. Pre-
fixed to this vol. is a Memoir of Dr. Hughes's ecclesiastical
and literary life, to which we refer the reader. See a
notice of the last-named work in the London Athenæum,
1855, p. 291.
Hugo Candidus, d. after 1155, Sub-Prior of the
Abbey of Peterborough, is known as an author by his
Arthur; a Trag., Lon., 1587, history of the monastery of Peterborough, pub. in Joseph
Sparke's collection, Lon., 1723, fol. See Wright's Biog.
Brit. Lit., Anglo-Norman Period, 176-178.
Hughes, Rev. W. 1. Tour in France in 1802, Lon.,
1803, Svo. 2. An Elegy on Spencer Perceval, 1812, 8vo.
tinued, Lon.. 1660-62, 3 vols. 4to. This is a supp. to the
Hughes, Wm. The Grand Abridgt. of the Law Con-
earlier abridgts. It is good authority. Hughes pub.
other law-books. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Hugo of Lincoln. Vitam, ab Adamo, &c. See
Darling's Cyc. Bibl., i. 1571–72.
Hugo, Minor. 1. Hints and Reflections for Railway
Travellers and others, Lon., 1843, 3 vols. p. Svo. 2. Horse-
Shoe Nails, 1843, 12mo.
Hugo, T. Serms. on the Lord's Prayer, 1854, fp. 8vo.
Huicke, Wm. The Fourme of Common Prayer
vsed in the Churches of Geneva, Lon., 1550, Svo.
Huidekoper, Frederic, b. April 7,1817, at Meadville,
Pa. The Belief of the First Three Centuries concerning
912
HUI
HUM
Christ's Mission to the Underworld, unpub. edition, Mead-
ville, 1853, 8vo; Bost., 1854, 12mo. Edited Forest's Ilist.
of the Trinity, Meadville, 1853, 8vo; Bost., 1856, 12mo.
Huie, James. Abridgt. of the Stat. rel. to Excise;
3d ed., Edin., 1833, 8vo. Obsolete.
Huie, James A. 1. Hist. of Christian Missions,
Lon., 1842, 12mo.
"The author has honourably exerted himself to procure accu- Christianity; 3d ed., 1847, 12mo. Other works.
Hull, William, Jr. Hist. of the Glove Trade, Lon.,
1834, 8vo.
rate information."-Lon. Athenæum.
2. Hist. of the Jews; 2d ed., 1842, fp. 8vo.
"A trustworthy history of the modern Jews."-United Secession
Mag.
3. Records of Female Piety, 1841, fp. 8vo; 3d ed.,
1848, 12mo.
"Mr. Iluie's Records are written with great taste, and breathe
a spirit of genuine piety."-Scottish Guardian.
Huise, John. Florilegium Phrasicôn; or, a Survey
of the Latin Tongue according to the elegancy of its
proper Dialect. Enlarged by Alexander Ross, Lon., 1659,
8vo.
Huish, Alexander, Fellow of Magdalene, Coll.,
Oxf., Rector of Beckington and Hornblotton, Somerset-
shire. Lects. upon the Lord's Prayer, Lon., 1626, 4to.
Respecting this learned man, who stands second in Bp.
Walton's acknowledgment of services for his Polyglott,
see Wrangham's Proleg., ii. p. 203; Todd's Life of Walton,
269, &c.; see also Mill, 1418; Wetstein, Proleg., pp. 8-
20; Woid, ii. 19, p. 17; Spohn, in J. Berriman's Lects.,
ch. ii. Sec. 2, p. 158; Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., ii.
207; iii. 811.
Huish, Francis. Serm., Exeter, 1794, 4to.
Huish, Robert, has pub. several works, of which
the following are the best-known:-1. Memoirs of Princess
Charlotte, Lon., 1818, 8vo. 2. Memoirs of George IV.,
1830, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Voyage of Capt. Sir John Ross to
the Arctic Regions in 1829-33, 1835, Svo. Severely cen-
sured in Lon. Quar. Rev., liv. 1–39.
4. The Natural
Hist. and General Management of Bees. New ed., 1844,
12mo.
"His work is most exact, and contains much solid information."
-Lm. Athenæum.
Huit, Ephraim, d. 1644, minister of Windsor, Conn.,
was a native of England, and for some time preacher at
Roxhall, Warwickshire. Prophecie of Daniel Explained,
Lon., 1643, 4to.
“And Huet had his arguing strong and right.”—JOHNSON.
Huit, John. Prayers of Intercession, Lon., 1659, 8vo.
Hulbert, Charles. Museum Asianum; or, Select
Antiquities of the Eastern World, Shrewsb., 1822. Svo.
Hulbert, Rev. Daniel P. M. Reciprocity for
1851; or, an "Exhibition" of Humanity and Fraternity
and Divinity; 3d ed., Cant., 1851, 12mo. Other works.
Hull, Amos G. Treat. on the Duties of Town and
County Officers, with Statutes, &c., Albany, 1856.
Hull, John. 1. Expos. of Chap. 3d of St. Peter's 2d
Epist., Lon., 1611, 4to. 2. Christ's Proclamation, &c.,
1613, Svo. 3. Expos. of Part of the Lament of Jeremy,
by way of Lects., 1618, 4to.
Hull, John, M.D., of Manchester, pub. several pro-
fessional works, 1792-1800, and (1.) The British Flora,
Manches., 1799, Svo. 2. Elements of Botany, Manches.
and Lon., 1800, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1809, 2 vols. Svo.
Hull, Richard. Voyage up the Gambia. See
Moore's Travels, p. 175.
Hull, Thomas, 1728-180S, a native of London, an
actor, composed and altered for the stage nineteen plays,
and pub. a novel, tales. &c., Lon., 1762-1801. He is best
known by his poem of Richard Plantagenet, a Legendary
Tale, 1774, 4to, and Select Letters between the late Duchess
of Somerset and others, 1778, 2 vols. Svo. See Biog.
Dramat.; Greaves's Recollects. of Shenstone; Pref. to the
Select Letters. Hull was the founder of the Theatrical
Fund.
Hull, William, D.D. 1. Serm. on Joel ii. 12, Lon.,
1612, Svo. 2. Six Serms., 1612, Svo. 3. Five Serms.,
1615, 4to.
from 1775-1805, prepared from his MSS. by his daughter,
Mrs. Maria Campbell; together with the History of the
Campaign of 1812 and Surrender of the Post at Detroit,
by his grandson, James Freeman Clarke, N. York, 1818,
8vo. See also South. Lit. Mess., xiv. 319.
Hull, General William, d. 1825, aged 72, a distin-
guished officer in the American Revolutionary Army, was
Governor of Michigan Territory from 1805 to '14. He
surrendered, with 2000 men, at Detroit, to the British
General Brook, Aug. 15, 1812, for which he was tried by a
court-martial and condemned to be shot. In consideration
of his former services, this sentence was not executed. He
pub. a Defence of himself before a Court-Martial, Bost.,
1814, 12mo; and Memoirs of the Campaigns of the North-
western Army of the U. States in 1812, Svo, 1824. To
these vols. the collector of American History must add
Revolutionary Services and Civil Life of Gen. Wm. Hull,
Hull, William. 1. Six Discourses, Lon., 1830, 8vo.
2. Ecclesiastical Establishments not Inconsistent with
Hull, William Winstanley, of Lincoln's Inn, late
Fellow of Brazennose Coll., Oxf., has pub. several theolog.
treatises, Lon., 1845, &c.
Hullah, John, b. 1812, Worcester, Eng., is widely
known as the author of many publications on the science and
practice of music, Lon., 1842-57, and for his successful
efforts in popular musical instruction.
Hullock, Sir John, 1764-1829, a native of Barnard
Castle, Durham, Baron of the Ct. of Exchequer, 1823.
The Law of Costs in Civil Actions and Criminal Pro-
ceedings, Lon., 1792, 8vo. Appen. to Cases, 1796; 2d ed.
of Law of Costs, &c., 1810, 2 vols. 8vo.
"A stronger-headed man than Baron Hullock was never known
in the profession." Car. and Payne's Rep., 496.
Hulls, Jonathan. Machine for Vessels, Lon., 1637,
12mo.
Hulme, Nathaniel, M.D., 1732-1807, a native of
Yorkshire, pub. a number of medical treatises, 1763-1803,
for a list of which see Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Historical
Hulme, Obadiah, d. at London, 1791.
Essay on the English Constitution.
Huloet, Richard. Abecédarium Anglico-Latin, [Lat.
and Eng. Dict.,] Lon., 1522, fol. Enlarged and corrected
by John Higgins, 1572, fol.
.
Almost a new [Higgins's edit.] book. from the various additions
and improvements it contains."-Bliss's Wood's Athen. Ozon.,
1735. q. v.
Hulse, Georgie A. Sunbeams and Shadows, and
Buds and Blossoms, N. York, 1851, 16mo.
Hulse, Rev. John, 1708-1790, the founder of the
Hulsean Lecture, of the Univ. of Cambridge, was a native
of Middlewich, and educated at St. John's College, Camb.
The following are the names of the Lecturers from the
commencement, 1820, to 1852:
1820, Chris. Benson.
1821, Jas. C. Franks.
1822, Chris. Benson.
1823, Jas. C. Franks.
1824, No appointment.
1825, No appointment.
1826, T. Chevallier.
1827, T. Chevallier.
1828, No appointment.
1829, No appointment.
1830, No appointment.
1831, J. J. Blunt.
1832, J. J. Blunt.
1833, H. John Rose.
1834, No appointment.
1835, H. Howarth.
1836, H. Howarth.
1837, Rd. Parkinson.
1838, Rd. Parkinson.
1839, T. T. Smith.
1840, T. T. Smith.
1841, H. Alford.
1842, H. Alford.
1843, J. H. Marsden.
1844, J. H. Marsden.
1845, R. C. Trench.
1846, R. C. Trench.
1847, C. Wordsworth.
1848, C. Wordsworth.
1849, W. G. Humphrey.
1850, W. G. Humphrey.
1851, Geo. Currey.
1852, Geo. Currey.
The subjects of the above Lectures, with an account of
Mr. Hulse's bequest, will be found in Darling's Cyc. Bibl.,
i. 1573-75. See BAMPTON, REV. JOHN; BOYLE, HON.
ROBERT; also Lowndes's Brit. Lib., S53-854; and the
names of many of the lecturers in this Dictionary.
Hulton, E. H. The Criminal Law of England,
Lon., 12mo.
Hulton, W. A. Law of Convictions, Lon., 1835, 12mo.
“This book, which supplies the numerous deficiencies of Paley,
is evidently the work of a sound session lawyer.”—No. 31 Law
Mag.. 238.
|
Humber, W. A Prac. Treatise on Cast and Wrought
Iron Bridges and Girders, imp. 4to; Pt. 1; Lon., Sept. 1856.
To be completed in about twenty monthly parts.
Humberston, H. The Sign of the Cross; a Serm.on
Ezek. v. 6. In Catholick Serms., (Lon., 1741, 2 vols. Svo,)
ii. 65.
Hume. Horologes, &c., Par., 1640, Svo.
Hume. Sacred Succession, 1710, 8vo.
Hume. Analysis of the Water at Bridlington, Lon.,
1816, Sro.
Hume, A., M.D. Medical Assist., Lon., 1776, i2mo.
Hume, Sir Abraham, 1748-9-1838, a naval officer,
wrote a short treatise on improvement in naval architec-
ture, which was commended. See Lon. Gent. Mag., June,
1838.
Hume, Rev. Abraham, LL.D. The Learned So-
58
913
HUM
HUM
cietics and Printing Clubs of the United Kingdom, Lon.,
1847, p. Svo; 2d edit., with a Supp. by A. I. Evans, 1853,
p.
Svo.
"This is one of a numerous class of works hastily compiled
and written. and, as a natural consequence, full of errors.”—Løn.
Athenæum, 1847, 733.
The censures of the Athenæum-a portion of which
only we have above quoted-elicited some comments from
Dr. Hume, for which see same periodical, 1847, p. 796.
The Lon. Medical Gazette and the Lon. Spectator com-
mend the work in high terms.
Hume, Alexander, 1560 ?-1609, minister of Logie,
grandson of Patrick Hume, fifth Baron of Polworth, pub.
in 1599, Edin., 4to, a book entitled Hymnes, or Sacred Songs,
portions of which have been several times reprinted, and
the whole was repub. lately by the Bannatyne Club. Of
these pieces, the Day Estival is considered the most beau-
tiful, and was highly commended by Dr. Leyden and others.
An account of this author and three other Alexanders
Hume will be found in Chambers and Thomson's Biog.
Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, 92-96. Watt ascribes
to this writer two theolog. treatises, but we presume them
to have been written by the next-named Alexander Hume.
Hume, Alexander, Master of the High School, Edin.,
1596, and Rector of the Grammar Schools of Salt-Preston
and of Dunbar. Elementa Grammatica, Edin., 1612, sm.
Svo. He also wrote some theolog. tracts: see above article
and authorities there cited, and Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 982.
Hume, Sir Alexander. Notices of the Life and
Works of Titian, Lon., 1829, imp. Svo.
Hume, Anna, the daughter of David Hume, of Gods-
eroft. The Triumphs of Love, Chastity, and Death; trans.
from Petrarch, Edin., 1644, 12mo.
|
and continuators of Hume's History are Bisset, Burke,
Farr, Hereford, Hughes, Jones, Miller, Mitchell, Stebbing.
Tallis, and Wright. We may be permitted to select a fow
edits. of the History for special notice,—viz.: 1. 1770, 8
vols. 4to, the best 4to edit. 2. 1778; also in 1786, S vols.
8vo; the last edit. corrected by the author. 3. 1789, with
Smollett, 13 vols. Svo. 4. 1796, 13 vols. Svo; with Por-
traits. 5. 1802, 13 vols. 8vo; with Portraits. 6. 1803, 16
vols. 8vo; with Portraits. 7. 1806, 70 Nos. fol. Bowyer's
edit., at £1 18. per No., with Portraits, and numerous Illus-
trations. One of the most splendid books ever pub. Now,
(1856) worth about £7 to £10. S. 1807, 13 vols. Svo; with
Portraits. 9. 1807, 13 vols. 8vo; with Portraits. 10. 1809,
15 vols. 18mo. 11. With Smollett, 1826, 13 vols. 8vo; with
Portraits, fac-similes of autographs, &c. 50 copies on
12.
large paper, £16 14s. Three copies on tinted paper.
With Smollett, J. R. Miller, and T. Wright, 1836, 4 vols.
Svo. 13. With Smollett, and Continuation by Stebbing,
1837, 20 vols. Svo. 14. With Smollett, and Continuation
by Hughes. See HUGHES, THOMAS SMART, D.D. 15.
Hume, with Smollett, and Continuation by Farr, 1847, 3
vols. Svo. 16. With Smollett, 1848, 10 vols. Svo. In ad-
|dition to these edits., all pub. in Great Britain, many have
Of
been issued in the United States of America, &c.
Hume's Philosophical Works, the only complete edit., until
very recently, was that pub. in Edin. in 1826, 4 vols. Svo.
"Including all the Essays, and exhibiting the more important
Alterations and Corrections in the successive Editions published
by the Author."
New edit., pub. by Little, Brown & Co., Bost., 1854, 4
vols. Svo, pp. exv. 337, 552, 564, 580.
In vol. i. will be found Hume's Autobiography, his Will,
a notice of his last illness, by Adam Smith, and a docu-
mentary account of the controversy-if so it may be called
-between Hume and Rousseau.
Hume, David, of Godscroft, the author of The His-
tory of the House and Race of Douglas and Angus, Edin.,
1644, fol., (1743, 2 vols. 12mo; 4th ed., 1748, 2 vols. 12mo,)
is supposed to have been born about 1560. He also wrote
Apologia Basilica, Paris, 1626, 4to, several theolog. trea-
tises, and a number of Latin poems, some of which, first
pub. separately, were afterwards reprinted in Johnston's
Delicia Poetarum Scotorum. In 1632, Paris, sm. Svo,
appeared Humii (Davidis) Wedderburnensis, Poemata Om-
nia, accessere ad Finem Unio Britannica, et Prælium ad
Lipsiam solutâ Oratione. Contains poems addressed to
Q. Elizabeth, James the Sixth of Scotland, Sir Francis
Walsingham, &c. Constable's copy sold for £3. An ac-
count of this author will be found in Chambers and Thom-
son's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, iii. 96–102.
See also Bp. Nicolson's Hist. Lib.; Marchand, vol. i.;
Biog. Univ.; Watt's Bibl. Brit., (Hume, or Home, David ;)
Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Hume, David, April 26, 1711-August 25, 1776, a
native of Edinburgh, was the second son of Joseph Hume,
or rather Home, of Ninewells, near Dunse, Scotland, a
descendant of the Earl of Home. The subject of our
notice, after an unsatisfactory attempt to master the study
of the law, and a like unsuccessful essay (in 1734) as a
merchant's clerk in Bristol, went to France, with the de-
sign of pursuing there, in an economical manner, those
literary pursuits in which alone he took any interest.
In
1737 he came to London, and in the year following gave
to the world his Treatise of Human Nature. This, his
first publication, was not successful; but it is difficult to
discourage a young author who has once seen his compo-
sitions in print, and in 1741 appeared his Essays, Moral
and Political. This work met with more favour, and he
was induced to follow it up in 1748 with Philosophical
Essays concerning Human Understanding, (in fact, a new
edit. of the first part of his Treatise of Human Nature;)
in 1751 with An Enquiry concerning the Principles of
Morals; in 1752 with Political Discourses; and in 1755
with The Natural Iiist. of Religion, &c. It was between
the dates of the two last-named publications that Hume
put forth the first vol. of the work by which his name will
be transmitted to the latest posterity. The publication of
the History of England-1st ed. in 6 vols. 4to, Lon.-was
as follows:-Vol. I. The Reigns of James I. and Charles I.,
1754. II. The Commonwealth, and the Reigns of Charles
II. and James II., 1756. III., IV. The Reigns of Henry
VII., Henry VIII., Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen
Elizabeth, 1759. V., VI. From the Invasion of Julius
Cæsar to the Revolution in 1688, 1761-62. For the dates
and particulars of various edits. of the History of Eng-
land, (the Abridgments, Continuations, &c.,) and of the
other publications of the author, the reader is referred to
Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; the London
catalogues of British publications. The principal editors
It is now time to return to the personal history of the
author, preparatory to a brief examination of his charac-
teristics as a man of letters. Although the first vol. of the
History was at first severely censured, and then almost
entirely neglected by the public, yet the appearance of his
Dissertation on the Natural History of Religion before the
publication of the second stimulated the languishing curi-
osity of the reading world, and Hume found himself at
last in possession of that literary distinction for which he
had long pined in secret. The demand for the succeeding
vols. was so great, that fortune was added to fame; and
the former was subsequently augmented by several diplo-
matic and other political appointments; among which was
the Secretaryship of the French Embassy, 1763-65, and
the post of Under-Secretary of State under General Con-
way, 1767-68.
In 1769 he bade adieu to public life and
the literary circles of London, and returned to the city of
his birth, doubtless with much of that yearning for old
scenes and old friends so beautifully described by the,
author of The Deserted Village. He returned home, he
tells us, "very opulent," for he "possessed a revenue of
£1000 a year; healthy, and, though somewhat stricken in
notwithstanding the natural desire of the philosopher
years, with the prospect of enjoying long his ease." But,
To husband out life's taper at the close,
And keep the flame from wasting, by repose,"
his days bad now approached their termination. In the
spring of 1775 he was attacked with a disorder of the
bowels, which gradually sapped his strength, and resulted
fatally on the 25th of August, 1776.
fatally on the 25th of August, 1776. After his death ap-
peared, in 1779, Svo, his Dialogues concerning Natural
Religion; and in 1783, 12mo, were pub. his disgraceful
Essays upon Suicide. The mischievous effects of these
unphilosophical speculations, therefore, were thus ex-
tended, to the injury of others, after the author had gone
to his account. The excellence of Hume's character as a
man has been so well described by Mr. Mackenzie, in tho
story of La Roche, (see The Mirror, Nos. 42, 43, 44,) and
so unequivocally attested by Adam Smith and other con-
temporaries, that it is quite unnecessary to enlarge upon
this head. In the autobiography from which we have
quoted above, the reader will be often reminded-notwith-
standing the more ambitious style of the Historian of
Rome-of the charming narration of Gibbon of the inci-
dents of his own life.
We have now to consider the subject of our notice, first,
in the character of a Mental and Moral Philosopher;
secondly, in that of a Political Philosopher and Political
Economist; and, thirdly, in that of a Historian. It is
hardly necessary to remind the reader that all that can
justly be expected of us, in the limits to which we are
necessarily circumscribed, is an indication of the best
sources of knowledge respecting the authors of whom we
914
HUM
HUM
treat, and brief citations of the recorded opinions of emi-
nent authorities in the same departments of learning
which the former have cultivated.
HUME AS A MENTAL and Moral Philosopher,
Of Hume's Essays, Moral and Metaphysical, Lord
Brougham remarks:
"To refuse these well-known Essays the praise of great sub-
tilty, much clever argument, some successful sarcasm, and very
considerable originality, is impossible; but a love of singularity,
an aversion to agree with other men, and particularly with the
bulk of the people, prevails very manifestly throughout the
work; and we may recollect that it is the author's earliest pro-
duction, the Treatise on Human Nature, which formed the basis
64
of the whole, having been written before his six-and-twentieth
year, at an age when the distinction of differing with the world,
the boldness of attacking opinions held sacred by mankind at
large, is apt to have most charms for vain and ambitious minds.
Accordingly, he finds all wrong in the opinions which men
generally entertain, whether upon moral, metaphysical, or theo-
logical subjects, and he pushes his theories to an extreme point
in almost every instauce. As for his Inquiry concerning the
Principles of Morals, of which he had himself formed so high an
estimate, this is indeed a very excellent work, and appears well to
deserve the opinion pronounced upon it by the author, although
his Political Discourses may be superior in the originality and
importance of their views. ... There is in this treatise a copious
ness and felicity of illustration rarely anywhere else to be found;
and it is full of learned allusions and references, showing the
various and extensive reading in which he had indulged. Nor is
it the least remarkable feature of the work, that, though preferred
by him before all the other productions of his genius, it contains
nothing at all even bordering upon sceptical opinions."-Life of
Hume, in Lives of Men of Letters of the Time of George III., Lon.
and Glas., 1855.
4+
It was in his twenty-seventh year that Mr. Hume published
at Loudon the Treatise of Human Nature, the first systematic
attack on all the principles of knowledge and belief, and the most
formidable, if universal scepticism could ever be more than a mere
exercise of ingenuity....The great speculator did not in this
work amuse himself, like Bayle, with dialectical exercises, which
only inspire a disposition towards doubt, by showing in detail
the uncertainty of most opinions. lle aimed at proving, not that
nothing was known; but that nothing could be known from
the structure of the Understanding, to demonstrate that we are
doomed forever to dwell in absolute and universal ignorance.
.. The Inquiry [Concerning the Principals of Morals] affords
perhaps the best specimen of his style. . . . In substance, its
chief merit is the proof, from an abundant enumeration of par-
ticulars, that all the qualities and actions of the mind which are
generally approved by mankind agree in the circumstance of being
useful to society. . . . On purity of manners, it must be owned
that Mr. Hume, though he controverts no rule, yet treats vice
with too much indulgence."-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: Dissert. on
Ethical Philos., prefixed to Encyc. Brit.; also in his Miscell. Works,
Lon., 1854, vol. i.
"From what has been already said, it may be seen that we are
not to look in Mr. Hume's Treatise [of Human Nature] for any
regular or connected system. It is neither a scheme of Material-
ism nor a scheme of Spiritualism; for his reasonings strike
equally at the root of both these theories. Ilis aim is to establish
a universal scepticism. and to produce in the reader a complete
distrust in his own faculties. . . . With the single exception of
Bayle, he has carried this sceptical mode of reasoning farther than
any other modern philosopher."-DUGALD STEWART: Prelim. Dis-
sert. to Encyc. Brit., and in his Works.
"The centre of Hume's philosophizing is his criticism of the
conception of cause. Locke had already expressed the thought
that we attain the conception of substance only by the habit of
always seeing certain modes together. Hume takes up this
thought with earnestness. Whence do we know, he asks, that
two things stand to each other in the relation of cause and
effect? .... There needs no further proof than simply to utter
these chief thoughts of Hume, to show that his scepticism is only
a logical carrying out of Locke's empiricism. Every determina-
tion of universality and necessity must fall away, if we derive
our knowledge only from perceptions through the senses; these
determinations cannot be comprised in sensation."-Dr. Albert
Schwegler's Hist. of Philos.; trans by J. II. Seelye, New York,
1856.
Hume, the most subtle, if not the most philosophical, of the
deists; who, by perplexing the relations of cause and effect, boldly
aimed to introduce a universal scepticism, and to pour a more
than Egyptian darkness into the whole region of morals."-
ROBERT HALL: Modern Infidelity Considered: Works, Lon., 1853,
vol. i.
“Dr. Reid rendered good service to the cause of truth, in op-
position to the sceptical philosophy of Hume, who dexterously
availed himself of the authority of Locke in the support of his
own mischievous dogmas.”—Dr. E. Williams's Christian Preacher,
Lon., 1843.
| his own account, he carried on perpetually for above forty years,
and never could gain any affirmative evidence on the question
except the mere dictum of philosophers. . . . The philosophy of
Hume, as a whole, originated and fell with himself. A more par-
tial and less daring scepticism might probably have gained many
followers; but it is the inevitable result of every system professing
universal unbelief, to destroy itself. The man who by any pro
cess of reasoning involves every portion of human knowledge in
doubt, instead of persuading any one to follow his conclusions,
does little more than controvert his own principles by a reductio
ad absurdum.”—Morell's Hist. of Mod. Philos., Lon., 1847.
"That scepticism is the real result of the theory we have now
described [Locke's Ideal System] is seen from the use that has
been actually made of it. Berkeley drew from it his arguments
against the existence of the material world, and Hume based
upon the same the principles by which be sought to involve the
whole superstructure of human knowledge, from its very founda-
tions, in one scene of doubt and confusion. Reid, in his early
life, had been a complete believer in this representative theory,
and had leaned strongly to Berkleianism, as the natural result;
but when Mr. Hume's Treatise on Human Nature came forth to
the world, and he saw the consequences to which the whole theory
must ultimately tend, he began to inquire within himself whether
that theory were really a true one. This inquiry, according to
•
See also Cousin's Hist. of Mod. Philos.; Lewes's Hist.
of Philos.; C. S. Henry's Hist. of Philos.; Blakey's Hist.
of Philos.; Wm. Archer Butler's Lects. on Ancient Philos. ;
Sir Wm. Hamilton's Discuss. on Philos. and Lit.; Lyall's
Agonistes, and his Review of the Principles of Necessary
and Contingent Truth; Lon. Quar. Rev., lxxiii. 536,
Ixxviii. 75,—both articles by Mr. Lake; Eclec. Rev., 4tà
Ser., xx. 317; Index to Blackw. Mag., vols. i.-1.
In our life of Jeremy Bentham, in this Dictionary, ws
have briefly noticed the famous doctrine of Utility, of
which Hume was one of the first and most distinguished
teachers.
Before leaving this branch of our subject, it may be ex-
pected that we should make some comments on that
unfortunate production of our author's, the Essay on
Miracles; but a natural reluctance to dwell on the follies
to which even great minds are but too prone would in-
dispose us to linger upon the recollection of this melan-
choly example of intellectual sophistry and literary dis-
honesty, had we not already treated the subject at
sufficient length in the previous pages of this work. The
reader is referred to the article on ADAMS, WM., D.D., (the
friend of Johnson :) CAMPBELL, GEORGE, D.D.: DOUGLAS,
Jony: Leland's Deistical Writers: Works of Wm. Ellery
Channing; Works of Mr. Paley; Lowndes's Brit. Lib.,
933, 982–984, 991-1001; Remarks upon the Nat. Hist.
of Religion, by Mr. Hume, &c., by S. T., Lon., 1758, Svo;
and many of the authorities cited above and below.
This matter may be very well dismissed with the sensible
reflections of Sir Walter Scott, in his account of the Life
and Writings of the historian's friend, John Home:
"The celebrated David Hume, the philosopher and historian,
was certainly the most distinguished person in the cycle, (the
literary society of Scotland.) That he was most unhappy in
permitting the acuteness of his talents, and the pride arising
from the consciousness of possessing them, to involve him in a
maze of sceptical illusions, is most undeniable, as well as that
he was highly culpable in giving to the world the miserable re-
sults of his leisure."
HUME AS A POLITICAL PHILOSOPHER AND POLITICAL
ECONOMIST.
Here our citations must necessarily be very brief; but
they will be found to be of the most unequivocal cha-
racter.
." Of the Political Discourses it would be difficult to speak in
terms of too great commendation. They combine almost every
excellence which can belong to such a performance. . . . The
great merit, however, of these discourses, is their originality, and
the new system of politics and political economy which they un-
fold. Mr. Ilume is, beyond all doubt, the author of the modern
doctrines which now rule the world of science, which are to a
great extent the guide to practical statesmen, and are only pre-
vented from being applied in their fullest extent to the affairs of
nations, by the clashing interests and the ignorant prejudices of
certain powerful classes; for no one deserving the name of legis
lator pretends to doubt the soundness of the theory, although
many hold that the errors of our predecessors require a slow
recourse to right principle in conducting the practical business
of the world. It is certain that Dr. Smith's celebrated work, with
all its great merits, is less of a regular system than the detached
essays of Mr. Ilume. The originality of the latter's opinious is
wholly undeniable: they were published full fourteen years be
fore the Wealth of Nations."-Lord BROUGHAM: ubi supra.
One of the most eminent of modern Political Econo-
mists remarks that Hume's
"Essays on Commerce, Interest, Balance of Trade, Money,
Jealousy of Trade, aud Public Credit, display the same felicity
of style and illustration that distinguish the other works of their
celebrated author.
celebrated author. Ilis views of the commercial intercourse that
should subsist among nations are alike enlightened and liberal;
and he has admirably exposed the groundlessness of the pre-
judices then entertained against a free intercourse with France,
and the fear of being deprived, were commercial restraints abo
lished, of a sufficient supply of bullion. The masterly essay on
the Population of Ancient Nations will be noticed in another
part of this work. . . . Ilume and Smith saw and pointed out
the injurious operation of the Methuen treaty, and exposed the
absurdity of our sacrificing the trade with France to that of so
beggarly a country as Portugal.”—McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.,
Lon., 1845.
"The political discourses of Hume are the best models we hare
of the reasoning that belongs to subjects of this nature. They
best admonish us of the slow step with which we should advance,
and the wary distrust with which we should look around before
we think that we have reached a maxim in politics.--that is, a
915
HUM
HUM
:
•
general principle on the steady efficiency of which, in real prac-
tike, we may always depend. . And here I would recommend
to my readers one of the essays of Mr. Hume,-that on the Popu-
lousness of Ancient Nations.... The laws of Ileury the Seventh
merit the consideration of the student, It was the intention of
these laws to advance the busbandry, manufactures, and general
commerce of the country. The observations of Lord Bacon, and
the subsequent criticisms of Hume, will afford the student a
lesson in that most difficult and important of all practical sciences,
the science of political economy., . . A great part of Smith's
reasonings [in the 3d Book of the Wealth of Nations] bad ap-
peared in the History of Hume. These two eminent philosophers
for on the subjects of political economy and morals they deserve
the name-had, no doubt, in their mutual intercourse enlightened
and confirmed the inquiries and conclusions of each other."-
Prof. Smyth's Lects, on Mod. Hist.
Ilume was gifted with admirable sagacity in political economy;
and it is the good sense and depth of his views on that important
subject, then for the first time in his listory of England] brought
to bear on the annals of man, that has chiefly gained for him, and
with justice, the character of a philosophic historian.”—SIR ARCHI-
BALD ALISON: Essays, Polit., Histor., and Miscell., Edin. and Lon.,
1850, iii. 78.
HUME AS A HISTORIAN.
We have already noticed the severe censure elicited by
the publication of the first vol. of the History of England,
and the still more provoking neglect by which this censure
was succeeded. The expressed opinions of the few who
ventured to read the book were certainly ill calculated to
encourage the ambition of the aspiring author. But no
one can tell the story so well as the historian himself:
In 1752 the Faculty of Advocates chose me their librarian,
an office for which I received little or no emolument, but which
gave me the command of a large library. I then formed the plan
of writing the History of England; but, being frightened with
the notion of continuing a narrative through a period of seventeen
hundred years, I commenced with the accession of the House of
Stuart, an epoch when I thought the misrepresentations of faction
began chiefly to take place. I was, I own, sanguine in my ex-
pectations of the success of this work. I thought that I was the
only historian that had at once neglected present power, interest,
and authority, and the cry of popular prejudices; and, as the sub-
ject was suited to every capacity, I expected proportional ap
plause. But miserable was my disappointment: I was assailed
by one cry of reproach, disapprobation, and even detestation;
English, Scotch, and Irish, whig and tory, churchunan and sectary,
freethinker and religionist, patriot and courtier, united in their
rage against a man who had presumed to shed a generous tear for
the fate of Charles I. and the Earl of Strafford; and after the first
ebullitions of their fury were over, what was still more mortifying,
the book seemed to sink into oblivion. Mr. Millar told me, that
in a twelvemonth he sold only forty-five copies of it. I scarcely,
indeed, heard of one man in the three kingdoms, considerable for
rank or letters, that could endure the book. I must only except
the primate of England, Dr. Herring, and the primate of Ireland,
Dr. Stone, which seem two odd exceptions. These dignified pre-
lates separately sent me messages not to be discouraged."-Hume's
Autobiography, pub. in 1777, by Mr. Strahan, and since prefixed
to the Hist. of Eng., bis Philosophical Works, &c.
Mr. Ritchie (in his Life of Hume) tells us that, after a
diligent search into the literary history of the period, he
has been unable to discover any trace of that universal
outery which Hume complains of. But doubtless the
author heard more than any one else did; much that was
said was never recorded; and of the last a large portion
may be presumed to have perished or to be buried in for-
gotten archives. With the reception of the second vol. of
his History the author had greater reason to be satisfied:
This performance," he tells us, "happened to give
less displeasure to the Whigs, and was better received. It
not only rose itself, but helped to buoy up its unfortunate
brother." As his reputation as a literary man was now
well established, the remaining vols. were received with
avidity, and those already pub. brought prominently into
notice the sale was sufficiently large, he informs us, to
render him not only "independent, but opulent." "Not-
withstanding the variety of winds and seasons to which
ny writings have been exposed, they have still been
making such advances, that the copy-money given me
by the booksellers much exceeded any thing formerly
known in England."
It is now time to examine into the merits and demerits
of a work which has so long held, and which promises
ever to hold, a prominent place in the front rank of Eng-
lish literature. If we were obliged to compress into the
limits of a single sentence the characteristics of Hume's
History of England, we suppose that the following would
be considered an impartial statement:-Beauty of style,
carelessness of facts, and intolerance of spirit. Hume
was too fastidious to be inelegant, too indolent to be
accurate, too bigoted to be impartial. His chagrin when
obliged to stop the press to make important corrections
on the appearance of Murdin's State Papers, and his
mortification at being obliged to write to Robertson
respecting the same affair, we are all in the wrong,"
were necessary consequences of that haste which would
+4
not examine, and that ignorance which would not learn.
It is declared that certain manuscripts had been spread
out for his inspection at the State-Paper Office for a whole
fortnight, but he never mustered sufficient courage to un-
dertake the dreaded investigations.
Satisfied with the common accounts, and the most obvious
sources of history, when librarian at the Advorates' Library,
where yet may be examined the books be used, marked by his
hand, he spread the volumes about the sofa, from which he rarely
rose to pursue obscure inquiries or delay by fresh difficulties the
page which every day was growing under bis charming pen. A
striking proof of his careless happiness I discovered in his never
referring to the perfect edition of Whitelocke's Memorials of 1702,
but to the old truncated and faithless one of 1682.”—True Sovrces
of Secret History; in Disraeli's Curiosities of Literature, ed. Lon,
1851, p. 514.
Hume often puts the names of the monkish writers in his
margin; but I fear all he knew of them was through the media
of other writers. He has some mistakes which could not havə
occurred had he really consulted the originals. . . . lume is cer
tainly an admirable writer; his style bold, and his reflections
shrewd and uncommon; but his religious and political notions
have too often warped his judgment."-Dr. Richard Farmer's
Letter to a Friend on the Study of English History, in Govdhugh's
Lib. Man., 43.
*.
Hume was far too careless a writer, even if the taste of the
public in his time had required it, to trouble himself with the
minute labour necessary for this kind of investigation. Accord-
ingly, the reader finds little in his pages to bring him acquainted
with the antiquarian details of history."-Edin. Kev., Ixxiv. 432.
"Hume was not, indeed, learned and well-grounded enough
for those writers and investigators of history who judged his
works from the usual point of view, because he was not only
negligent in the use of the sources of history, but also superfi-
| cial.”—Schlosser's Hist. of the 18th Cent, Davison's trans., Lou.,
1844. ii. 78.
16
In his treatment of the elder periods of the English history,
he is quite unsatisfactory and meagre: he had no love for its
antiquities, and could not transport himself back into the spirit
of remote ages."-Schlegel's Lects. on the Hist. of Lil.; English
trans., Phila., 1854. 331.
“The author, indeed. wanted that resolute spirit of industry,
and research which alone can lead an historian to become
thoroughly acquainted with the valuable writers of the Middle
Ages.”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp.. Lon.. 1825, 244.
He was far too indolent to acquire the vast store of facts indis,
pensable for correct generalisation on the varied theatre of human
affairs, and often drew hasty and incorrect conclusions from the
events which particularly came under his observation.”—SIR
ARCHIBALD ALISON: Essays. Polit., Histor., and Miscell., 1850, iii. 78.
Sir Archibald proceeds to adduce an example of the
errors to which he refers, which example we shall pre-
sently quote from the History of Europe, 1789-1815.
The remarks which we have just quoted are preceded
by some observations which we feel unwilling to omit.
Sir Archibald gives his predecessor full credit for his
sagacity as a political economist, (quoted above,) his
ability as a political commentator and as a delineator of
manners, his cloquence as an orator, (in his glowing pages,)
and his skill as a debater, but continues:
"But, notwithstanding all this, Hume is far from being gifted
with the philosophy of history.
with the philosophy of history. He has collected or prepared
many of the facts necessary for the science. but he has made little
rather at spreading doubts than shedding light. Like Voltaire
progress in it himself. He was essentially a sceptic. Ile aimed
and Gibbon, he was scandalously prejudiced and unjust on the
subject of religion; and to write modern history without correct
views on that subject is like playing Hamlet without the character-
of the Prince of Denmark."
These comments were originally published in Black-
wood's Magazine, (in an article on Guizot,) in Dec. 1844,
and the reader will perhaps be surprised to find the fol-
lowing reflections from the same critic, published in The
Foreign and Colonial Review, (in an article on Michelet's
France,) in April of the same year:
"Considered as calm and philosophic narratives, the histories of
Hume and Robertson will remain as standard models for every
future age. The just and profound reflections of the former, the
inimitable clearness and impartiality with which he has summed
up the arguments on both sides, on the most momentous questions
which have agitated England, as well as the general simplicity,
uniform clearness. and occasional pathos, of his story, must forever
command the admiration of mankind. In vain we are told that
he is often inaccurate. sometimes partial; in vain are successive
attacks published on detached parts of his narrative, by party zeal
or antiquarian research: his reputation is undiminished: succes
sive editions issuing from the press attest the continued sale of his
like a mighty three-decker. which never even condescends to notice.
work; and it continues its majestic course through the sea of time,
the javelins darted at its sides from the hostile canoes which from
time to time seek to impede its progress."-Reprinted in Essays,
Edin. and Lon., 1850, iii. 419–420.
We could not in fairness omit the above eulogy, as we
profess to give both sides of a question, even when both
are ably represented by the same impartial champion.
"I have already adverted to Gardiner's resolute assertion of the
law against the prince's single will, as a proof that, in spite of
Hume's preposterous insinuations to the contrary, the English
monarchy was known and acknowledged to be limited....The
misrepresentations of Ilume as to the English constitution under
916
HUM
HUM
Elizabeth, and the general administration of her reign, have
been exposed, since the present chapter was written, by Mr.
Brodie, in his Ilistory of the British Empire from the Accession
of Charles I. to the Restoration, vol. i. c. 3. In some respects,
Mr. B. seems to have gone too far in an opposite system, and to
represent the practical course of government as less arbitrary
than I can admit it to have been."— Hollum's Constit. Hist. of
Eng., ed. Lon.. 1854, vol. i. chap. v. p. 279, n.; 284, n.
"Since I drew up this lecture, a work has been published by
Mr. Brodie of Edinburgh. It is not well written in point of style,
and the author must be considered as a writer on the popular
side, but he is a man of research and independence of mind. It
is a work of weight and learning, and it appears to me forever
to have damaged, and most materially damaged, the character of
Mr. Hume as an accurate historian."-Prof. Smythe's Lects. on
Mod. Hist.; Lect. V.
See an elaborate review of Brodie's History (Edin.,
1822, 4 vols. 8vo) in the Edin. Rev., xl. 92–146.
"Hume is convicted [by Mr. Brodie] of so many inaccuracies
and partial statements, that we really think his credit among his
torians for correctness of assertion will soon be nearly as low as
it has long been with theologians for orthodoxy of belief.”—Edin.
Rev., ubi supra.
It is alleged that Hume, merging the character of the
historian into that of the apologist, was resolved at all
events to make out a fair case for the Stuarts:
•
6
"It is a piece of whining cant. and nothing better, for Hume to
represent all parties of his day as being fired to madness against
him for presuming to shed a generous tear for the fate of Charles
1. and the Earl of Strafford.' No one ever found fault with the
historian for shedding a decent tear to the memory of the bril-
liant though unprincipled courtier, and his infatuated master.
But he must have known well that the causes of indignation
found in his volume were the false pretences put forth on behalf
of these men. It was Hume's object to canonize them, and he
did not scruple either to mutilate or to pervert the truth, when
necessary for his purpose. Mr. Brodie has very ably and labo-
riously exposed the mean artifices to which this would-be ingenuous
historian has had recourse, in order to give the wished-for tone
and colouring to documents which he durst not quote entire.”—
Cunningham's Biog. Hist. of Eng., Lon., 1852, vi. 106.
In Prof. Smyth's 5th Lect. on Mod. Hist., also, will be
found instances cited of Hume's "inaccurate representa-
tion of the very authorities he quotes." Gilbert Stuart
refers to this subject with no little warmth:
"From its beginning to its conclusion it [Hume's History] is
chiefly to be regarded as a plausible defence of prerogative. As an
elegant and spirited composition. it merits every commendation.
But no friend to humanity, and to the freedom of this kingdom,
will consider his constitutional inquiries, with their effect on his
narrative, and compare them with the aucient and venerable
monuments of our story, without feeling a lively surprise and a
patriot indignation."
*
Rapin and Hume are our two great historians. But it is
Hume who is read by every one. Hume is the historian whose
views and opinions insensibly become our own. He is respected
and admired by the most enlightened reader; he is the guide and
philosopher of the ordinary reader, to whose mind. on all the
topics connected with our history, be entirely gives the tone and
the law. On every account, therefore, I shall dedicate the re-
mainder of this lecture chiefly to the consideration of his work,
that your confidence may not be given too implicitly, and that
while you feel, as you ought to do, the charm of his composition,
the charm of what Gibbon called so justly his careless and inimit
able beauties, you may be aware also of the objections that cer-
tainly exist to the general tendency and practical effect of his
representations. . . . It is understood, indeed, by every reader-it
has been proclaimed by many writers-that Ilume always inclines
to the side of prerogative: that, in his account of the Stuarts, his
History is little better than an apology; his pages are therefore
read, in this part of his work at least, with something of distrust,
and his representations are not considered as decisive.”—Prof.
Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist.; Lect. V.
Si
Had he written without any such views. [predilections for the
Stuarts and the Tories.] he might have attained to an eminence
far beyond that which he has reached, and descended to posterity
not as the first of all party writers of history, but as the author
of a truly great natural work, the spirit and excellence of which
should have been equally admired and appreciated by all the
English."-Frederick SculeGEL: Lects, on History of Lit.
"No one can be surprised if in so short a time allotted to the
whole work far more attention was given to the composition of
the narrative than to the preparation of the materials. It was
altogether impossible that in so short a period the duty of the
historian should be diligently performed. The execution of the
work answers to the mode of its performance.
"But, if the History be not diligently prepared. is it faithfully
written? There are numberless proofs of the contrary; but we
have the most express evidence in the author's own statement to
prove this position.”—Lard Brougham's Life of Hume, in the Lives
of Men of Letters of the Time of George III., Lon. and Glas., 1855,
182-183.
have been fought at sea.”—SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON: Hist. of Eurge,
1789-1815, N. York. 1856, ii. 340–341.
See ante, p. 916, and see Alison's Essays, Edin. ano
Lon., 1850, iii. 78.
"The immortal narrative of Ilume.... Hume, whose simple
but profound history will be coeval with the long and eventful
thread of English story."-Hist. of Europe, 1789-1851, i. 151; 1815-
52, iii. 361.
¦
The same distinguished authority joins in the general
commendation of the charms of Hume's style:
One of the most eminent of our modern historians con-
siders that he has caught Hume tripping in the reflection
quoted below:
"It is observed by Mr. Hume, that actions at sea are seldom if
ever so decisive as those on land: a remark suggested by the
peated indecisive actions between the English and Dutch in the
reign of Charles II.. but which affords a striking proof of the
danger of generalising from too limited a collection of facts. Had
he extended his retrospect farther, he would have observed that
the most decisive and important of all actions recorded in history
We entirely coincide with this assertion: Hume will
always be read, in spite of his carelessness, in spite of his
errors, and even in spite of his perversions. Nine readers
seek amusement where one seeks instruction, and even
the tenth man will not neglect Hume; nor can he safely
be neglected.
"The accuracy of Hume," remarks an eminent legal authority
of America, “in respect of the two first princes of the house of
Stuart. has been severely attacked by G. Stuart, Whitaker, Brodie,
and others; but his charming style. his profound sagacity, and
his philosophical reflections, clothe his great work with irresistible
attractions.”—CHANCELlor Kent.
"It is, I submit," says Dr. Dibdin, "in the reign of ELIZABETH
that the true genius of Hume may be said to shine forth. Here
we have pathos and argument, vigorous delineation of character
and statesmanlike views of policy: but the reign of Elizabeth
was worthy of the exercise of such talents."-Lib. Comp., ed.
1825, 244-245.
Dr. Johnson, certainly no admirer of Hume in any of
his characters save that of a tory, evinced his usual con-
against the much-
tempt of popular opinions by declaring
lauded style of the historian :
The conversation now turned upon Mr. David Hume's style.
JOHNSON. 6
Why, sir, bis style is not English; the structure of
his sentences is French. Now, the French structure and the
English structure may in the nature of things be equally good.
But if you allow that the English language is established, he is
wrong. My name might originally have been Nicholson as well
as Johnson; but were you to call me Nicholson now, you would
call me very absurdly.'"-Boswell's Life of Johnson, ed. Lou.,
1847. 150.
ba
This quotation may remind the reader of the criticism of
a celebrated reviewer of our own day. Commenting on the
literature of "the reigns of the first two Georges, and the
greater part of that which ensued," Lord Jeffrey remarks:
The name of Hume is by far the most considerable which
occurs in the period to which we have alluded. But, though his
thinking was English, his style is entirely French; and, being
naturally of a cold fancy, there is nothing of that eloquence or
richness about him which characterizes the writings of Taylor,
and Hooker. and Bacon, and continues, with less weight of natter,
to please in those of Cowley and Clarendon."-Review of the Works
of Swift, in Edin. Rev., Sept. 1816, and in Contrib. to Edin. Rev.,
Lon., 1853, 77.
Prof. Smyth's reflections in his 22d Lecture upon the
Reign of William III. will be cordially endorsed by the
vast majority of historical students:
And now, when we enter upon the reign of William, we have
no longer the assistance of the philosophic Hume. We have no
longer within our reach those penetrating observations, those
careless and inimitable beauties, which were so justly the delight
of Gibbon, and, with whatever prejudices they may be accom
panied, and, however suspicious may be those representations
which they sometimes enforce and adorn, still render the loss of
his pages a subject of the greatest regret, and leave a void which
it is impossible adequately to supply."-Lects. on Mod. Hist.
“The triumvirate of British historians, Hume, Robertson, and
Gibbon, who exemplified in their very dissimilar styles, the triple
contrast and harmony of simplicity, elegance, and splendour.”—
JAMES MONTGOMERY: Lects. on Mod. Eng. Lil,
We extract the following lines from Gibbon's Auto-
biography, as furnishing, in connexion with the preceding
quotation, a curious instance of coincidence:
A
"The candour of Dr. Robertson embraced his disciple.
letter from Mr. Hume overpaid the labour of ten years: but
I have never presumed to accept a place in the triumvirate of
British bistorians.”
Gibbon's epigrammatic description of the style of the
two historians with whom his name is so often associated
has been already referred to more than once, and may
here be properly quoted:
"The perfect composition, the nervous language, the well-turned
periods of Dr. Robertson, inflamed me to the ambitious hope that
I might one day tread in his footsteps: the calm philosophy, the
careless inimitable beauties of his friend and rival, often forced me
to close the volume with a mixed sensation of delight and de-
spair."-Ubi supra.
Comparisons,well worthy of perusal. between the histories
of Gibbon, Robertson, and Hume, will be found in Schlos-
ser's History of the 18th Century, in Frederick Schlegel's
Lects. on the History of Literature, and (by Wm. Gifford)
in the London Quarterly Review, vol. xii. 369-375. These
recritiques we had intended to quote in this article, but we
have already transcended our limits. We may remark,
in brief, that Schlegel and Gifford, without the least hesi-
tation, assign the priority in merit to Hume; and Schlosser
seems inclined to award a similar judgment. In our life
917
HUM
HUM
of THOMAS CARTE, (p. 347,) we have indicated the source
to which Hume was perhaps principally indebted for what
the lawyers would call the "learning of his history."
|
The many authorities already noticed by us must be con-
sulted by the historical student, and he must not neglect
to add the following to his list of references:-1. Letters on
Mr. Hume's History of Great Britain, by Dan. Macqueen,
1.D., Edin., 1756, Svo. 2. Observations on Hume's His-
tory of England, by Joseph Towers, LL.D., Lon., 1778,
Svo. 3. The Life of David Hume, written by himself,
pub. by Adam Smith, with a Supp., 1777, '89, 12mo. 4. An
Account of the Life and Writings of David Hume, by T. E.
Ritchie, 1807, 8vo. See No. 34. 5. Private Correspondence
of David Hume with several distinguished Persons, 1761-
76, 4to, 1820. 6. Letters of David Hume, edited by Dr.
Murray, 1842, Svo. 7. Hume's Life and Correspondence,
"Judging by his notes, which are exceedingly curious and
edited by John Hill Burton, [7. v. in this Dictionary,] from learned, be appears to have been a man of cultivated taste, and
the Papers bequeathed by his Nephew to the Royal Society very extensive erudition."—Blackw. Mag., iv. 658-662. q. v. for
of Edin., and other Original Sources, 1846, 2 vols. 8vo; an exposition of the plagiarisms from Hume, by John
1850, Svo. S. Letters of Eminent Persons addressed to Callander, in his annotations to the First Book of Para-
David Hume, 1849, Svo; also edited by Mr. Burton. This dise Lost, pub. by Foulis of Glasgow in 1750. See also
vol. must accompany the two preceding. 9. Lon. Quar.
9. Lon. Quar. | CALLANDER, JOHN; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Dict.
Rev., lxxviii. 40. This is a review of No. 7. 10. Edin. Rev., of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, iii. 144; Warton's Notes to his
lxxxv. 1. 11. N. Brit. Rev., vii. 288. 12. Dubl. Univ.
12. Dubl. Univ. | ed. of Milton's lesser Poems; Todd's ed. of the Poet. Works
Mag., xxvii. 356, 576. 13. Westm. Rev., xlvi. 144. 14. of Milton.
14. of Milton. Bishop Newton highly commends Hume's
Lon. Athenæum, 1846, 261, 289. 15. N. York Eclec. Mag., annotations.
viii. 80, 258. Nos. 11-15 are reviews of No. 7. 16. Lon.
Athenæum, 1849, 114. This is a review of No. S. 17.
Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1849. This is a review of Nos.
7 and S. 18. Edin. Monthly Rev., v. 127. 19. Lon. Month.
Rev., xcvii. 347. Nos. 18 and 19 are reviews of No. 5.
20. Disraeli's Miscellanies of Literature. 21. Disraeli's
Calamities of Authors. 22. Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors.
23. Disraeli on the Literary Character. 24. Smith's Wealth
of Nations, McCulloch's ed. of 1850, 25. Keddie's Cyc.
of Lit. and Scientific Anec. 26. Arvine's Cyc. of Anec.
of Lit. and the Fine Arts. 27. Green's Diary of a Lover
of Lit., in Lon. Gent. Mag., Jan. 1834. 28. Goodhugh's
Eng. Gent. Lib. Man. 29. Index to vol. i. Encyc. Brit.
30. Hazlitt's First Acquaintance with the Poets. 31. Mé-
moires et Corresp. de Mad. D'Epinay. 32. Lawrence's
Lives of the British Historians. 33. Chambers and Thom-
son's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen. 34. Foster's Es-
says, 1856, i. 95-110. This is a review of No. 4. 35. N.
Amer. Rev., lxix. 537, (by Francis Bowen.) 36. Phila.
Analec. Mag., i. 377. 37. New Englander, i. 167, by J. Mur-
doch; and the following Lives in this Dictionary:-CARTE,
THOMAS; CLARKE, JAMES STANIER; GIBBON, EDWARD.
The reader will understand that in the above reference to
•
rities noticed in the course of this article.
Whilst it is deeply to be regretted that Hume's literary
vanity and unphilosophical thirst after notoriety so often
betrayed him into speculations whose practical effect is to
eradicate the first principles and the last hopes of morality
and religion, we are pleased to be able to quote, for the
encouragement of our studious readers, a reflection which
has doubtless stimulated many to days and nights of
mental labour and intellectual toil:
Such a superiority do the pursuits of literature possess above
every other occupation, that even he who attains but a mediocrity
in them merits the pre-eminence above those that excel the most
in the common and vulgar professions.”—History of England:
Keign of James I.
·
Hume, David, 1765-1838, Baron of the Exchequer
in Scotland, and nephew of the preceding. 1. Commen-
taries on the Law of Scotland resp. the Descrip. and Pun-
ish. of Crimes, Edin., 1797, 2 vols. 4to; Supp., 1814, 4to;
2d ed., 1819, 2 vols. 4to; 3d ed., 1829, 2 vols. 4to; 4th ed.,
with Supp. and Notes, by B. R. Bell, 1845, 2 vols. 4to,
£145. A most valuable work. See 1 Edin. Law Jour.,
See 1 Edin. Law Jour.,
485; 83 Edin. Rev., 196–223.
"A great work of original thought."-Lord Cockburn's Demo-
rials of his Own Time, Lon., 1856.
2. Commentaries on the Law of Scotland respecting
Trial for Crimes, 1800, 2 vols. 4to. Respecting Baron
Hume, see Lon. Gent. Mag., Nov. 1838; Lord Cockburn's
Memorials of his Own Time. See also preceding article,
Nos. 7 and 8.
Hume, Francis, M.D. See HOME.
Hume, Gustavus. Med. treatises, 1802, '04, both Svo.
Hume, J. D., 1774-1842. 1. Thoughts on the Corn-
Laws, 1815. 2. Laws of the Customs, 1835, 8vo.
Hume, Jac. Pantaleonis Vaticinia Satyra, Rothm.,
1633. 12mo.
Canon-Residentiary of St. Paul's; Bishop of Bristol, 1758;
trans. to Oxford, 1758; trans. to Salisbury, 1766. Five
Serms., pub. separately, 1747, '57, '5S, '62, all 4to.
Hume,John, M.D. Fevers of W. Indies, Lon.,1778,Sro.
Hume, John. Serms., Edin., 1775, Svo.
Hume, John. Serm., &c., 1670, '76.
Hume, John, D.D., d. 1782, Preb. of Westminster;
:
Hume, Joseph, M.P., 1777-1855, an eminent Eng-
lish statesman, pub. several political speeches and some
literary productions. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Men of the
Time, Lon., I852; Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1855; Index
to Blackw. Mag., vols. i.-1.
Hume, Patrick, a schoolmaster of London, was the
author of Annotations on Milton's Paradise Lost, pub. in
the 6th edit., 1695, fol., by Jacob Tonson.
This very elaborate commentary may be considered as the first
attempt to illustrate an English classic by copious and continued
notes." -DR. DRAKE.
63
The truth is that this now-unknown and forgotten individual,
who would not even place his name before his work, his signature
is P. H. TonTns.] deserves, in point of erudition, good taste,
and richness of classical illustration, to be ranked as the father of
that style of comparative criticism which has been so much em-
ployed, during these later days, in illustrating the works of our
great poet."-Blackw. Mag., ubi supra.
Hume, R. M. Chancery Delays and their Remedy,
Lon., 1830, 8vo.
authorities previously enumerated, therefore not repeated
in the list just given, we mean to include all of the autho-Works; (volumes sold separately, 18mo:)-Observations;
Walks in London; Old Sea-Captain; Pithy Papers; Ad-
dresses; Homely Hints: Grandparents; Pleasant Tales;
Thoughts; Country Strolls: Isle of Wight; N. Amer. In-
dians. See Memoirs of Old Humphrey, pub. by the Lon.
Religious Tract Society, and by the Amer. S. S. Union.
Also, his Life, Character, and Writings, by Chas. Williams,
with portrait on steel, Lon., 1857. Mogridge borrowed the
name of Peter Parley in the title-pages of seven of his
books, (not included in the list just given,)-historical,
geographical, &c., of which the true Peter Parley com-
plains with justice. See S. G. Goodrich's Recollections,
1856, ii. 553–554.
Hume, Sophia. Theolog. treatises, 1751, '66. See
Darling's Cyc. Bibl., i. 1578: Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova,ii.441.
Hume, Tobias. 1. First Booke of Ayres, French,
2. Poeticall Musicke,
Pollish, and others together, 1605.
Lon., 1607, fol.
Hume, Wm. The Priesthood, Lon., 1710, Svo.
Humfray, Rev. Francis. Thoughts on Happiness;
a Poem. 1818, Svo.
Humfray, Nathaniel. Poetical Sketch, 1802, 8vo.
Humfredus, Anglicé Humphrey.
Humfries, Isaac. Inflammation; Phil. Trans., 1794.
Humpage, Benj. Med. treatises, 1789, '94.
London, d. 1854, was the author of many interesting reli-
Humphrey, Old, i. e. Mr. George Mogridge, of
gious books and essays, intended especially for the young,
which enjoyed an extensive popularity. Old Humphrey's
Humphrey, Charles. Collec. of Prac. Forms in
Suits of Law, Albany, 1845, 2 vols. Svo.
Humphrey, George. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1789.
Humphrey, Heman, D.D., a Presbyterian divine,
President of Amherst College, 1823-45. 1. Tour in France,
Great Britain, and Belgium, N. York, 1838, 2 vols. 12mo.
2. Domestic Education, Amherst, 18mo. 3. Letters to a
Son in the Ministry, 1842. See N. York Lit. and Theolog.
Rev., i. 31; N. Haven Chris. Month. Spec., viii. 428.
Humphrey, John. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1652–80.
Humphrey, Laurence, 1527?-1590, a learned di-
of Divinity at Oxford, 1560; President of Magdalene
vine, educated at Cambridge and Oxford; Queen's Prof.
Coll., Oxf., 1561; Dean of Gloucester, 1570; Dean of
Winchester, 1580. He pub. a number of serms., treatises
against Campian the Jesuit, and other works, 1558-SS, for
an account of which see Athen. Oxon. See also Fuller's
Abel Redivivus; Strype's Cranmer; Strype's Parker.
،.
Humphrey was a great and general scholar, an able linguist,
a deep divine; and for his excellence of style, exactness of metood,
and substance of matter in his writings, weut beyond most of our
theologists.”—WOOD.
"Dr. Humphrey had read more fathers than Campian the Jesuit
ever saw; devoured more than he ever tasted; and taught more
in the University of Oxford, than he had either learned or heard"
ARCHBISHOP TOBIAS MATTHEW.
918
HUM
HUN
Humphrey, W. C. Observ. on the Inutility of Grand
Juries, and Sugges. for their Abolition, Lon., 1842, 8vo.
It is written with calmness and candour, and is the work of a
practical man, thoroughly acquainted with the subject on which
be writes."-31 Law Mag., 242.
•
56.
Humphreys, Asher. Ordination, Lon., 1719, 8vo.
Humphreys, David, D.D., Sec. to the Soc. for the
Prop. of the Gospel, pub. two theolog. works, Lon., 1714,
'21, 8vo, and the following valuable history:-An Histori-
cal Account of the Incorporated Society for the Propaga
tion of the Gospel in Foreign Parts; containing their
Foundation, Proceedings, and the success of their Mis-
sionaries in the British Colonies, to the year 1728, Lon.,
8vo, pp. 356. This work which every collector of Ame-
rican history should possess-is illustrated with two maps,
one of Carolina, the other of New England, &c., by Her-
man Moll. This excellent society was established in 1701.
See HAWKINS, ERNEST; Bickersteth's C. S.; N. York
Church Rev., iv. 433, 622; v. 108, 274, 435. 615.
Humphreys, David, LL.D., 1753-1818, a native of
Derby, Connecticut, a colonel in the American Revolu-
tionary Army, aide-de-camp to General Washington, and
a member of his family, graduated at Yale College in 1771.
He served his country in various political capacities, both
at home and abroad, and employed his pen as well as his
sword in the promotion of her liberties. His principal
poetical productions are An Address to the Armies of the
United States, 1772; a Poem on the Happiness of Ame-
rica; The Widow of Malabar, a Tragedy; and a Poem on
Agriculture. He assisted Trumbull, Barlow, and Hopkins
in the composition of The Anarchiad, and wrote a life of
General Putnam, pub. in Humphrey's Miscellaneous Works, Hunt, Frederick Knight, 1814-1854, a native of
N. York, 1790 and 1804, 8vo. This biography, enlarged, Buckinghamshire, associate-editor of the London Daily
with an Appendix, Notes, and an Account of Bunker IIill News, 1846-51, and chief editor, 1851-55, was previously
Battle, was repub., Bost., 1818, 8vo, by S. Swett. See Gris-connected with the Illustrated London News, The Pic.
wold's Poets and Poetry of America; Duyckineks' Cyc. torial Times, and The Medical Times. 1. Hist. and
of Amer. Lit.; Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 331, 487; Lon. Scenery of the Rhine, Lon., 1845, sm. 4to. 2. Book of
Athenæum, 1833, 819; N. Amer. Rev., iv. 98, (by W. Tu- Art, 1846, 4to. 3. The Fourth Estate; or, Contributions
dor;) Carey's Amer. Mus., i. 230; iii. 273; N. Haven Chris. to the Hist. of Newspapers and of the Liberty of the
Month. Spec., ii. 367.
Press, 1850, 2 vols. p. Svo. See N. Brit. Rev., xiii. $6.
|
Humphreys, E. R. Educational works, Lon., 1843-
"Contains a mass of most varied and valuable information.".
Lon. Eclec. Rev.
Humphrys, Thomas. Hymns, Bris., 1798, 16mo
Humston, Robert. Serm., Lon., 1589, '91, Svo.
Hungerford, Sir Anthony. Advice of a Pro-
testant Son, &e.. Oxon., 1639, 4to.
Hunnis, William, Chapel-Master to Queen Eliza-
beth. 1. Certayne Psalms in English metre, Lon., 1550,
8vo. 2. A Hyve fyll of Hunnye, 1578, 4to. 3. Scuen
Sobs of a Sorrowful Soule for Sinne, &c., 1585, 24mo.
4. Abridgment; or, Meditation on certaine of the Psalmes,
16mo. 5. Recreations, 1588, 24mo. See Warton's Hist.
of Eng. Poet.; Bibl. Anglo-Poet.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.;
Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 655; Hallam's Lit. Hist.
Brydges's Brit. Bibliog.; Campbell's Spec. of Eng. Poets;
of Europe, ed. 1854, ii. 120.
Hunt. Hist. and Revelation of Scripture, 1734.
Hunt. Comic Sketches, Lon., 1850, imp. fol.
Hunt, Sir Aubrey De Vere. See DE VERE.
Hunt, Charles Henry. Merino and Anglo-Merino
See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Sheep, Lon., 1810, Svo.
Hunt, Mrs. Charlotte Matilda. The Little
World of Knowledge; arranged numerically, Lon., 1826,
12mo.
་
They are invaluable."-1 West. Law Jour., 169.
Humphrie, Rev. Thomas. The Prebendary and
Curate: Parochial Affairs, &c., 1811, Svo.
Humphry, W. W. General Registry, Lon., 1830, Svo.
Humphry, William Gilson, Preb. of St. Paul's,
and Vicar of Northolt, Middlesex. 1. Comment. on the
Acts, 1847, 8vo; 1854, p. Svo. 2. Doctrine of a Future
State: Hulsean Lect. for 1849, Svo, 1850. 3. Early Pro-
gress of the Gospel: Hulsean Lect. for 1850, Svo, 1851.
4. Hist. Treat. on Book C. Prayer; 2d ed., 1856, p. 8vo.
1
Humphreys, Francis. Serm., Lon., 1787, Svo.
Humphreys, Henry Noel. 1. Origin of Coins and
Art of Coining, Lon., 8vo. 2. Coins of England, 1847,
p. Svo. 3. In conjunction with Owen Jones, Illuminated
Books of the Middle Ages, 1847–50, fol., £10 108.; large
paper, £16 16s. With 39 plates. A splendid work. 4. Art
of Illumination and Missal-Painting, 1848, sq. 12mo. 5.
Hist. of Ancient Coins and Medals, 1849, '50, Svo. 6. In
conjunction with J. O. Westwood, British Moths, 1849, 2
vols. 4to. 7. Also in conjunction with J. O. W., British But-and Selected.
terflies, 1849, 4to. S. Ten Centuries of Art, 1851, imp. Svo.
9. Origin and Progress of the Art of Writing, 1852, 4to;
3d ed., 1855, imp. Svo. A very valuable work. 10. Coin-
Collector's Manual, (Bohn's Scientific Lib., 26, 27,) 1853,
2 vols. p. 8vo. 11. Coinage of the British Empire, 185,
4to. 12. The Marine Aquarium, 1856, sm. Svo. 13. The
Butterfly Vivarium, 1858, sm. 4to. To Mr. H. we are also
indebted for the beautiful illuminations which illustrate
A Record of the Black Prince, The Book of Ruth, Senti-
ments and Similes of Shakspeare, &c.
Humphreys, Humphrey, d. 1712, Dean of Bangor,
was made Bishop of Bangor, 1689, and trans. to Hereford,
1701. Serm., Hosea x. 3, (Jan. 30,) Lon., 1696, 4to.
Humphreys, James, d. 1830, a lawyer, a native of
Montgomeryshire. 1. Lett. to E. B. Sugden. Lon., 1827,
Svo. 2. Lett. to the Editor of the Jurist.
ture.
3. Eng. Laws
of Real Property, Lon., 1820, Svo; 2d ed., 1827, Svo. A
work of authority. See 2 Mart. Conv., 39; 1 Amer. Jur.,
58; 4 Kent Com., 9, n.; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 405; Edin.
and Lon. Quar. Reviews.
Humphreys, John. Serm., Lon., 1794, Sro.
Humphreys, John D., Jr. Poems, Lon., 1814, Svo.
Humphreys, Sam. Cannons; a Poem, Lon., 1728.
Humphreys, T. Serm., Oxon., 1812, Svo.
Humphreys, W. H. Reports Supreme Ct. of Ten-
nessec, 1839-42, Nashville, 1841-44, 4 vols. 8vo.
(
"Novel in its plan. excellent in its principle, and most praise-
worthy in its execution."-Lon. Literary Guzelle, July 1, 1826.
Hunt, Edward. Abridgt. of the Irish Statutes,
1700-28, Dubl., 1828, Svo.
|
Hunt, F. W., M.D. The Pantological System of
History, Pt. 1. The Amer. States, N. York, 1855, fol.
We hope that this work will be continued. It is designed
to occupy the same relation towards History that maps
hold to Geography.
A biographical account of Mr. Hunt will be found in
the Lon. Gent. Mag., Jan. 1855.
Hunt, Freeman, 1804-1858, widely known as pro-
prictor and editor of The Merchants' Magazine, was a na
tive of Quincy, Mass. Whilst a resident of Boston, he
established The Ladies' Magazine, The Weekly Traveller,
and The Juvenile Miscellany, and also gave to the world
Anecdotes and Sketches Illustrative of Female Character;
and (in 1830, 2 vols. 12mo) American Anecdotes, Original
The best-known collection of American anecdotes."-N. P.
WILLIS: N. York Mirror.
where he continued to reside until his death. His first
In 1831 Mr. Hunt removed to the city of New York,
enterprise in this city was a periodical entitled The Tra-
veller, to the columus of which he contributed a series of
entertaining sketches of travel, which were afterwards
collected and pub. under the title of Letters about the
Hudson and its Vicinity. This vol. was reviewed with
great favour, and passed through three edits.
the literary and commercial world; and in July of that
In 1839 Mr. Hunt determined to supply a great want in
year he issued the first number of his famous Merchants'
Magazine, which now presents in its thirty-eight well-
filled vols. a most valuable library of Commercial Litera-
For the energy, perseverance, and talent success-
fully developed in this important enterprise, Mr. Hunt
deserves more praise than we have time or space to afford
bim. We shall, however, quote some more valuable
opinions than our own at the conclusion of this article.
In 1845 Mr. Hunt pub. the first vol. of The Library of
Commerce, and in 1856 appeared the first vol., and in 1857
the second vol., of Lives of American Merchants, and
Wealth and Worth, a Collection of Morals, Maxims, and
Miscellanies for Merchants. It has been well remarked that
"The titles as well as topics of these works show the concentra-
tion of purpose with which Mr. Hunt gives himself to his chosen
field of literary labour.”
The subject of our notice was elected a member of
numerous statistical and literary societies, and received
the degree of A.M. from Harvard University. Other
notices of Mr. Hunt and his useful publications will be
found in Poo's Literati, N. York, 1850, 50-52; Bungay's
Off-Hand Takings, or Crayon Sketches of the Noticeablo
Men of our Age, 1854, 368–371; N. Amer. Rev., July,
1856, 232–233. The wise merchants (members of a pro-
fession to which authentic information is of peculiar value)
919
HUN
HUN
w'il need no solicitation of ours to induce them to peruse
and reperuse Mr. Hunt's invaluable vols.; but, as regards
the Merchants' Magazine, we shall (to use a mercantile
phrase) offer satisfactory endorsements of our own cordial
commendation.
"It collects and arranges in good order a large amount of
valuable statistical and other information, highly useful, not only
to the merchant, but to the statesman, to the cultivator of the
earth, to the manufacturer, to the mariner, in short to all classes
of the business and reading community."-HENRY CLAY: Ashland,
29th July, 1849.
“I regard it as being, beyond all doubt, among the most valu-
able periodicals of the times."-DANIEL WEBSTER: Washington,
March 18, 1851.
"I have found it most useful to me in my senatorial labours,
and have been in the habit for many years of carefully consulting
it."-THOMAS H. BENTON: Washington City, April 20, 1849.
"It is a grand repository of useful facts and information, which
can be found nowhere so well digested and so accessible as in
these numbers.”—MILLARD FILLMORE.
“Mr. Hunt ought especially to be the man whom the mer
chants of America delight to honour. It seems strange that we
have no similar publication in this country, and yet we have all
the raw materials for it in great abundance. We want only a
Freeman Iunt."-JAMES WILLIAM GILBART, General Manager of
the London and Westminster Bank, and the author of a Practical
Treatise on Banking, &c.
Hunt, George. Serm.. 1810.
Hunt, George. The Book of Job, trans. from the
Hebrew, Bath, 1825, Svo.
Hunt, Gilbert J. Hist. of the Late War between
the U. States and Great Britain from 1812 to 1815, writ-
ten in Scriptural style, N. York, 1819, 12mo.
Hunt, Harriot K., M.D., a native of Boston, Mass.
Glances and Glimpses, or Fifty Years' Social, including
Twenty Years' Professional, Life, Bost., 1856, 12mo, pp.
418. See N. Amer. Rev., April, 1856, 577-578.
Hunt, Henry. Two Discourses, Lon., 1802, 8vo.
Hunt, Isaac, a native of the W. Indies, the son of
the Rector of St. Michael's, Bridgetown, Barbadoes, and
the father of James Henry Leigh Hunt, was educated at
the College in Philadelphia, subsequently studied law,
and, on his return to England, became preacher at Ben-
tinck Chapel, Lisson Green, Paddington. He subsequently
resided for several years in the family of the Duke of
Chandos, as tutor to his Grace's nephew, Mr. Leigh. A
sketch of his life will be found in his son's Autobiography.
1. Serm., Matt. vi. 11, 1781, Svo. 2. Serms., 1781, Svo.
3. Serm., Nehem. ii. 3, 1782, 4to. 4. Discourses on Public
Occasions, 1786, Svo.
"He published a volume of sermons preached there, [Bentinck
Chapel, in which there is little but elegance of diction and a
graceful morality.”—Leigh Hunt's Autobiography,
5. Rights of Englishmen; an Antidote to the Poison
of Thos. Paine, 1791, 8vo.
Hunt, Rev. J. H. Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered;
trans. into English, Lon., 1818, 2 vols. 8vo.
"He is more faithful than Pope or Dryden, more spirited than
Cowper or Warton, and he has less mannerism and affectation
than Mr. Sotheby."-Lon. Quar. Rev., July, 1821, 426–437.
The reviewer prefers this version to either Fairfax's or
Hoole's.
Other works.
"A careful perusal of his labours fully justifies the eulogy pro-
nounced upon them in the Quarterly Review of July, 1821."-
Dibdin's Lib. Comp,
Hunt, Rev. J. P. Iron Mask, Lon., 1809, 3 vols.
12mo.
Hunt, James. Serm., Lon., 1642.
Hunt, James. Treat. on Stammering, with a Notice
of the Life of Thos. Hunt, Lon., 1856.
Hunt, James Henry Leigh, b. October 19, 1784,
at Southgate, Middlesex, was the son of the Rev. Isaac
Hunt (ante) and Miss Mary Shewell, the daughter of
Stephen Shewell, a merchant of Philadelphia. An aunt
of this lady's was the wife of Benjamin West, the eminent
of this lady's was the wife of Benjamin West, the eminent
American painter. Young Hunt commenced authorship
at an early period, and, when the poet was only about six-
teen years of age, his verses were collected by his father
and pub., with a large list of subscribers, under the title
of Juvenilia; or, Poems written between the ages of Twelve
and Sixteen, Lon., 1801, 12mo.
"I was as proud perhaps of the book at that time, as I am
ashamed of it now.... My book was a heap of imitations, all but
absolutely worthless.”—Leigh Hunt's Autobiography.
These effusions were given to the world shortly after
their author's departure from Christ Hospital, where, like
Coleridge, Lamb, and many others who afterwards attained
distinction, he received his early education. After some
experience as an attorney's clerk, and in the duties con-
nected with a post in the War Office, Hunt united in 1808
with his brother John in the establishment of a weekly
paper entitled The Examiner, which periodical, owing to
Leigh's able editorship, soon acquired great popularity.
1
Doubtless the practice which he had cultivated in very
early life as theatrical critic for the "News" now proved
of great advantage to the young editor. Having thus be-
held him fairly launched upon that life of literary activity
for which he has been so distinguished for the last half-
century, we must refer to his piquant Autobiography for
further particulars of his career, whilst we devote the
limited space to which we are restricted to a catalogue of
his works, and the citation of some opinions upon their
merits.
|
|
1. Amyntas; trans. from Tasso, 1820, 12mo. 2. Auto-
biography and Reminiscences, 1850, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1852,
3 vols. p. Svo. See Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xxviii. 409; N.
Brit. Rev., xiv. 143; Amer. Whig Rev., xiii. 34; N. York
Eclec. Mag., xxi. 247. 3. Bacchus in Tuscany; a Poem,
12mo. 4. Blue-Stocking Revels. 5. Book for a Corner;
Selections in. Prose and Verse, 1849, 2 vols. 12mo; 1851,
p. Svo. 6. Captain Sword and Captain Pen; a Poem; 3d
ed., 1849, 12mo. 7. Classic Tales; a Selection from Eng-
lish and Foreign Authors, with Critical Essays, 1813, 5
vols. 12mo, S. Descent of Liberty; a Mask, 1815, 12mo.
See Eclec. Rev., May, 1815. 9. Critical Essays on the
Performers of the London Theatres, 1808, 12mo. 10.
Feast of the Poets, and other Pieces, 1814, 12mo; 1815,
12mo. See Lon. Month. Rev., Sept. 1814; Phila. Ánalec.
Mag., Sept. 1814. 11.
11. Foliage: Poems, Original and Se-
lected, 1818, 12mo. See Lon. Quar. Rev., xviii. 324. 12.
Hero and Leander. 13. Hundred Romances of Real Life;
a Selection, 1843, med. Svo. 14. Imagination and Fancy;
Selections from English Poets; 2d ed., 1845, p. Svo; 3d
ed., 1852, er. Svo. See Brit. Quar. Rev., i. 563; Dubl.
Univ. Mag., xxv. 649; N. York Eclec. Mag., v. 500. 15.
Indicator and Companion, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo; 1840, r.
Svo;
1848, r. Svo. 16. Jar of Honey from Mount Hybla, 1847,
p. Svo; 1852, Svo. 17. Juvenilia; or, Poems written be-
tween the ages of Twelve and Sixteen, 1801, 12mo, (vide
ante.). 18. Legend of Florence; a Play, 1840, Svo. 19.
Literary Pocket-Book. 20. Men, Women, and Books;
Sketches, Essays, and Critical Memoirs, 1847, 2 vols. p.
Svo; 1852, 2 vols. p. 8vo. See Dubl. Univ. Mag., xxx.
386; Bost. Living Age, (from the Lon. Examiner,) xiv.
188. 21. Methodism, 1809, Svo. 22. Months Descriptive
of the Year, 12mo. 23. Old Court Suburb, 1855, 2 vols.
cr. Svo. See Blackw. Mag., Oct. 1855. 24. Palfrey, a
Love-Story of Old Times; a Poem, 1842, Svo. 25. Poetical
Works, 1832, Svo; 1844, 32mo. See South. Lit. Mess., x.
619. Included in Hunt's Poetical Works are a number of
translations. 26. Reading for Railways, 1850, 12mo. 27.
Recollections of Byron and some of his Contemporaries,
1828, 4to; 2d ed., 1828, 2 vols. Svo. See Lon. Quar. Rev.,
Month. Mag.; Phila. Mus. of For. Lit., xii. 569; Byron,
xxxvii. 402; Lon. Month. Rev., cxv. 300; Lon. New
GEORGE GORDON, LORD. 28. Religion of the Heart; a
Manual of Faith and Duty, 1853, fp. Svo. 29. Reformist's
Reply to the Edinburgh Review, 1810, Syo. 30. Report
on the Attorney-General's Information, 1812. 31. Seer;
or, Common Places Refreshed, 1840; 1848, med. Svo. 32.
Sir Ralph Esher, 1832, 3 vols.; 1850, p. 8vo. 33. Stories
from the Italian Poets, 1846, 2 vols. p. Svo; 1854, 2 vols.
p. Svo. See Lon. For. Quar. Rev., xxxvi. 333; Bost. Liv.
Age, (from the Lon. Spectator,) viii. 481. 34. Stories in
Verse, 1855, 12mo. 35. Story of Rimini; a Poem, 1816,
12mo. See Lon. Quar. Rev., xiv. 473, (by Wm. Gifford ;)
Edin. Rev., xxvi. 476, (by Lord Jeffrey;) Blackw. Mag.,
36. Table-Talk, 1850, p. Svo; 1852, p. Svo. 37. The Town;
ii. 194; iii. 453; N. Amer. Rev., iii. 272, (by Wm. Tudor.)
its Character and Events, 1848, 2 vols. p. Svo. 38. Wit
and Humour, Selected from the English Poets, 1846, p.
Univ. Mag., xxix. 74; Fraser's Mag., xxxiv. 735; Bost.
Svo; 1852, p. Svo. See Westm. Rev., xlviii. 24; Dubl.
Liv. Age, (from the Lon. Examiner,) xii. 97. In addition
to the periodicals already mentioned as claiming a portion
periodical established by his brother, of which only four
of Mr. Hunt's labours, he edited in 1810 The Reflector, a
numbers appeared; wrote almost all the articles (Byron,
Hazlitt, and Shelley were also contributors) in The Liberal,
1822, 4 Pts. Svo; established and edited The Tatler, and
The London Journal; edited The Monthly Repository;
contributed to The Round Table, The True Sun, the Edin-
burgh Review, the Westminster Review; edited the Plays
of Wycherley,
of Wycherley, Congreve, and Farquhar, Fairfax's trans.
of Tasso's Jerusalem Delivered, and Selections from Beau-
mont and Fletcher. His translations of Redi's Baeco in
Toscano, the Lutrin of Boileau, the Amyntas of Tasso,
and of other pieces, have elicited warm commendation,
whilst the last-named at least has not escaped without
censure. Since 1847 Mr. Hunt has been in receipt of
920
HUN
HUN
|
pension of £200 per annum. Many of Hunt's works have
been repub. in America by Wells & Lilly, Carey, Lea &
Blanchard, Carey & Hart, Wiley & Putnam, the Harpers,
W. P. Hazard, Ticknor & Fields, &c. The last-named
house pub. in 1857, 2 vols. 32mo, Hunt's Complete
Poetical Works, collected and arranged by himself, and
Derby & Jackson within the same year pub. an ed. of
his Works in 4 vols. 12mo. He who would further gra-
tify his curiosity respecting this veteran littérateur and his
manifold labours must refer to Moore's Life of Byron;
Conversations between Lord Byron and the Countess of
Blessington; Hazlitt's Spirit of the Age and his Table-
Talk; Southey's Life and Corresp.; Gilfillan's Second
Gallery of Literary Poets; Miss Mitford's Recollections
of a Literary Life; Allan Cunninghain's Biog. and Crit.
Hist. of the Last Fifty Years; Moir's Poet. Lit. of the
Past Half-Century; Memoirs, Jour., and Corresp. of Thos.
Moore; Macaulay's Crit. and Hist. Essays; Tuckerman's
Thoughts on the Poets; Whipple's Essays and Reviews;
Hillard's First-Class Reader; Comparison between Hunt
and Washington Irving, in Blackw. Mag., (American Wri-
ters, No. 4,) xvii. 65; Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., in
Lon. Gent. Mag., Feb. 1838; Blackw. Mag., ii. 38; v. 97,
98, 640; vii. 664; x. 286, 733; xi. 113, 364; xii. 700; xiv.
240, 241; xvi. 67, 69; xxvii. 389, 435; xxxv. 159; xxxvi.
272, 273; xl. 809; Lon. Month. Mirror, May, 1810; Fra-
ser's Mag., vi. 43; Lon. Athenæum, 1832, &c.; Lon. Lite-
rary Gazette; N. York Eclec. Mag., ix. 384; xii. 118;
Amer. Whig Rev., iv. 417; Bost. Living Age, (from Lon.
Examiner,) i. 342; from Tait's Mag., xi. 368; South. Lit.
Mess., vii. 473, (by H. T. Tuckerman :) x. 619; Democrat.
Rev., xxvii. 426, (by J. Savage.) From the many opi-
nions before us respecting the characteristics of this
voluminous and popular author, we can find room for a
few brief extracts only.
"At the outlet of his career, his ambition was to excel as a
bard. His principal success, however, seems chiefly to lay in a
certain vein of essay-writing, in which fancy and familiarity are
delightfully combined. Still he has woven many rhymes that
are not only sweet and cheerful, but possess a peculiar grace and
merit of their own, besides illustrating some capital ideas rela-
tive to poetical diction and influence. They are, to-be-sure, de-
formed by some offences against the dignity of the muse, in the
shape of affectations and far-fetched conceits."-Tuckerman's
Thoughts on the Poets.
Mr. Tuckerman bere quotes some most objectionable
epithets used by the poet, in which citation he reminds
us-though his selection is entirely different-of Lord
Jeffrey's excerpta from Rimini.
"What can be said," exclaims the terrible Scotch reviewer,
“for such lines as
'She had stout notions on the marrying score,'
'He kept no reckoning with his sweets or sours,'
'And better still-in my idea at least,'
or,
The two divinest things this world has got.'
or.
"We see no sort of beauty in such absurd and unusual phrases
or,
as a clipsome waist,-a scattery light,' or flings of sunshine,'
C
-nor any charm in such comparatives as 'martialler,' or taste
•
LEIGH HUNT AS A POET.
"With acute powers of conception, a sparkling and lively fancy,
and a quaintly-curious felicity of diction, the grand characteristic
of Leigh Hunt's poetry is word-painting; and in this he is proba
bly without a rival, save in the last and best productions of Keats,
who contended, not vainly, with his master on that ground. In
this respect, nothing can be more remarkable than some passages
in Rimini, and in his collection entitled Foliage, much of which
he bas since capriciously cancelled; and he also exercised this
peculiar faculty most felicitously in translations from the French
and Italian, although in some instances he carried it to the amount
of grotesqueness or affectation. His heroic couplet has much of
the life, strength, and flexibility of Dryden-of whom he often
reminds us; and in it he follows glorious John, even to his love
for triplets and Alexandrines."-Moir's Sketches of the Poet. Lit. of
the Past Half-Century.
"In some respects Mr. Leigh Hunt is excellently qualified for
the task which he has undertaken. His style, in spite of its
mannerism, nay, partly by reason of its mannerism. is well suited
for light, garrulous, desultory una, half critical, half biographical.
We do not always agree with his literary judgments; but we find
in him what is very rare in our time, the power of justly appre-
ciating and heartily enjoying good things of very different kinds.
Ile can adore Shakspeare and Spenser without denying poetical
genius to the author of Alexander's Feast, or fine observation,
rich fancy, and exquisite humour to him who imagined Will
Honeycomb and Sir Roger de Coverley. He has paid particular
attention to the history of the English drama from the Age of
Elizabeth down to our time. and has every right to be heard with
C
Lon., 1854. jii. 1-2.
"The days are happily past when the paltry epithet of Cock-
ney Poets' could be bestowed on Keats and Leigh Hunt: the
world has outlived them. People would as soon think of apply-
ing such a word to Dr. Johnson. Happily, too, one of the delight-respect on that subject.”—T. B. MACAULAY : Crit. and Hist. Essays,
ful writers who were the objects of these unworthy attacks has
outlived them also; has lived to attain a popularity of the most
genial kind, and to diffuse through a thousand pleasant chan-
nels many of the finest parts of our finest writers. He has done
good service to literature in another way, by enriching our lan-
guage with some of the very best translations since Cowley. Who
ever thought to see Tasso's famous passage in Amyntas so ren-
dered? [Ode to the Golden Age here quoted.] Who, again, ever
hoped to see such an English version of one of Petrarch's most
characteristic poems, conceits and all? [Petrarch's Contempla-
tions of Death in the Bower of Laura here quoted.]
"In justice to Mr. Leigh Hunt, I add to these fine translations,
of which every lover of Italian literature will perceive the merit,
some extracts from his original poems, which need no previous
preparation in the reader. Except Chaucer himself, no painter
of processions has excelled the entrance of Paulo to Ravenna, in
the story of Rimini.”—Miss Mitford's Recollections of a Literary
Life.
fuller,' or 'franklier,' or in such words as 'whisks,' and 'swaling,'
and freaks and snatches,' and an hundred others in the same
stances very much of the same character. See No. 35. ante.
taste.”—Edin. Rev., xxvi. 491. Mr. Gifford cites many other in-
"In spite of his faults, there is something quite bewitching in
his character and poems. We hardly judge him by the same
laws we apply to other poets; we are willing to take him as he is.
The same errors and fooleries which would be insufferable in
easy impudence of his chirping egotism. . . . There is every rea
another alter their aspect, if not their nature, as observed in the
son to suppose that his poems will long survive the life of their
author and the reputation of the majority of his assailants."-
Whipple's Essays and Reviews.
6.
Leigh Hunt. most vivid of poets and most cordial of critics.”
-JOHN WILSON: Recreations of Christopher North.
•
D
LEIGH HUNT AS A PRose-Writer.
"To my taste, the Author of Rimini and Editor of the Exa-
miner is among the best and least-corrupted of our poetical prose
writers. In his light but well-supported columns we find the
raciness. the sharpness, and the sparkling effect of poetry, with
little that is extravagant or far-fetched, and no turgidity or
pompous pretension. Perhaps there is too much the appearance
of relaxation and trifling, (as if he had escaped the shackles of
rhyme,) a caprice, a levity, and a disposition to innovate in words
and ideas. Still the genuine master-spirit of the prose-writer is
there; the tone of lively, sensible conversation; and this may in
part arise from the author's being himself an animated talker.
Mr. Hunt wants something of the heat and earnestness of the
political partisan; but his familiar and miscellaneous papers have
all the ease, grace, and point of the best style of Essay-writing.
Many of his effusions in the INDICATOR show, that if he had de
voted himself exclusively to that mode of writing, he inherits
more of the spirit of Steele than any man since his time."-Haz-
lill's Tuble-Talk: on the Prose Style of Poets.
"He is, in truth, one of the pleasantest writers of his time.-
easy, colloquial, genial, humane, full of fine fancies and verbal
niceties, possessing a loving if not a 'learned spirit;' with bardly
a spice of litterness in his composition. . . . His Imagination
and Fancy is a delightful book. The Indicator and Seer are filled
with essays of peculiar excellence.”— Whipple's Essays and Re-
views.
"His prose is gossiping, graceful, and searching, and charms
many readers."—Allan Cunningham's Biog, and Crit. Hist. of the
Lit. of the Lust Fifty Years.
In a review of Hunt's edit. of The Dramatic Works of
Wycherley, Congreve, and Farquhar, (1840, Svo,) an
eminent authority thus speaks of the editor in the capacity
of a critic:
Hunt, Jeremiah, D.D., 1678-1744, a Dissenter,
pastor for thirty-seven years at Pinners' Hall, London,
pub. a number of serms., &c., 1716-25. A collective edit.
of his Serms. and Tracts was pub. in 1748, 4 vols. Svo.
"In brief, his preaching was Scriptural. critical, paraphrastical,
and consequently instructive.”—DR. Lardner.
Hunt, John. An Appeal to the King, proving that
our Saviour was author of the R. Catholic Faith, 1620, 4to.
Hunt, John. God's Decrees, Norw., 1720, Svo; Glasg.,
1791. Svo.
2.
Hunt, John. 1. Historical Surgery, 1801, 4to.
The Gout, 1805, Svo. 3. Agricult. Memoirs, 1812, Svo.
4. British Ornithology, 1815-22, 13 Pts. Svo. Other works.
Hunt, John. Serm., &c., 1809, '12, both Svo.
Hunt, John. Histor. Map of Palestine, Lon., 1832.
Hunt, Leigh. See HUNT, JAMES HENRY LEIGH.
Hunt, Nicholas. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1631-33.
Hunt, Philip. A narrative resp. the Literary Re-
mains of the late John Tweddell, Lon., 1816, Svo.
Hunt, R. Oration, Nov. 26, 1805, '06.
Republic of Texas, N. York, 1839, 18mo.
Hunt, R. S. and Randel, J. F.
Hunt, Richard. A Catechisme, Lon., 1649, Svo.
Hunt, Robert. Assada, near Madagascar, Lon., 4to.
Hunt, Robert. Synopsis of Diseases of the Skin,
Lon., 1838, 12mo.
Guide to the
Plymouth Dock,) England, is well known as a keeper of
Hunt, Robert, b. Sept. 6, 1807, at Devonport, (then
the Mining Records at the Museum of Economic Geology,
and Professor of Mechanical Science to the Government
School of Mines to that institution. He is the author of
a number of works of the highest authority on the subjects
of which they treat. 1. Art of Photography, 1841, '51,
'53, '54, fp. Svo.
921
HUN
HUN
"A complete history of Photography in all its varied ramifica
tious and processes."-Lon. Art Journal.
2. Researches on Light and its Chemical Relations,
1844, 54, 8vo.
"Mr. Hunt's reputation is so well established, that we need
only mention his pleasing volume to secure it a favourable recep- ¦
tion from the philosophical public."-Jameson's New Edin. Philos.
Jour.
3. Panthea: the Spirit of Nature, 1849, Svo.
"Philosophy and Poetry are finely blended, and great truths
and noble sentiments are expressed in language full of beauty
and eloquence."-N. Brit. Rev.
16
Throughout ample opportunities are afforded for conveying
scientific information in a popular form, and these have been
liberally and well embraced by the Author."-Lon. Athenæum.
6.
4. Poetry of Science; or, Studies of the Physical Phe-
nomena of Nature; 2d ed., 1849, Svo; 3d ed., 1854, 8vo.
Mr. Hunt's work stands midway between Humboldt's Cosmos
and L'Aimé Martin's Lettres à Sophie. More suited to the un-
learned reader than the former, it is more systematic and
extended in its views than the latter."-Lon. Athenæum.
See also N. Brit. Rev., xiii. 63; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser.,
xxvi. 36; Fraser's Mag., xxxix. 378; N. Amer. Rev.,
lxxiii. 470. 5. Elementary Physics, 1851, 12mo; 1855,
p. Svo.
"As a really elementary treatise on the whole work of Physical
Science, we know none to compare with it, and it is therefore ad-
mirably adapted for the wants of the student; whilst, on the
other hand, it may be read with profit and interest by those who
have long mastered the general truths it embodies."-Lon. Medico-
Chirurgical Review.
6. Handbook to the Official Catalogue of the Great
Exhibition of 1851, 2 vols. 12mo, 1851. 7. Memoirs of
the Geological Survey of Great Britain, and of the Museum
of Practical Geology: Mineral Statistics of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for 1853 and 1854,
Lon., 1855. See Lon. Athenæum, 1855, p. 1023. See
also Bouvier's Familiar Astronomy, Phila., 1857, 373-374.
Hunt, Rowland. Prosperity of G. Brit., 1796,
8vo.
Hunt, T. F. 1. Architettura Campestre, Lon., 1827,
r. 4to. See Lon. Lit. Gaz.; Lon. Lit. Chron. 2. Hints
on Picturesque Domestic Architecture; 3d ed., 1833, 4to.
See Lon. Lit. Chron. 3. Examples of Tudor Architecture,
1830, 2 vols.; 1836, r. 4to. See Lon. Eclec. Rev.; Blackw.
Mag., xxvii. 257-258. 4. Designs for Parsonage Houses,
&c., 1841, 4to. See Lon. Lit. Gaz.; Lon. Lit. Chron. 5.
Designs for Gate-Lodges, &c., 1841, r. 4to.
Hunt, Thomas. The Grammar-Scholar's Abecedary,
Lon., 1671, Svo.
Hunt, Thomas. Political tracts, Lon., 1679-83.
Hunt, Thomas, D.D., 1696-1774, educated at and
Fellow of Hart Hall, Oxford, became Regius Prof. of
Hebrew, and Canon of Christ Church in 1747. He was
the author of several publications on the Arabic, 1728-48,
and of the following work, pub. after his death by Dr.
Kennicott: Observ. on Several [26] Passages in the Book
of Proverbs, with two Serms., Oxf., 1775, 4to.
"The emendations of the translation proposed in this volume
are generally important, and throw much light on some passages
which are attended with considerable difficulty."-Orme's Bibl.
Bib., q. v.
66
"They display in a very advantageous light the critical acumen
of the author, and his extensive acquaintance with the Eastern
languages."-Lom. Month. Rev., O. S., liii. 102. q. v. for specimens.
As the book is neither very scarce nor very dear, it will be
worth the student's while to procure it.”—Horne's Bill. Bib.
Sec Doddridge's Letters; Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Chal-
mers's Biog. Dict.; Lon. Gent. Mag,, vol. lxxi.
Hunt, Thomas. Diseases of the Skin, Lon., 1847,
8vo; 3d ed., 1858.
*
of an Introduction to Organic Chemistry, prefixed to
Prof. B. Silliman, Jr.'s, Elements of Chemistry.
Hunt, Thornton, b. 1810, eldest son of Leigh Hunt,
and the author of The Foster-Brother, 1845, 3 vols. p. Svo,
an historical romance of the 14th century, has been
editorially_connected with The Constitutional, The North
Cheshire Reformer, The Glasgow Argus, &c. See Men
of the Time, Lon., 1856.
Hunt, Wm. 1. Gilbert's Distresses and Replevin,
Lon., 1793, 94, Svo. 2. Cases on the Annuity Act, Bir-
ming., 1794, '96, Svo.
Hunt, Wm. American Biographical Panorama,
Albany, Svo.
Hunt, Wm., M.D., Demonstrator of Anatomy in
the Univ. of Penna. Erasmus Wilson's Dissector's
Manual of Prac. and Surg. Anat.; 3d Amer. from the last
Lon. ed., Phila., 1856, r. 12mo, pp. 582, with 154 Illus-
trations. An excellent work. See GODDard, Paul B.,
M.D.; WILSON, ERASMUS, M.D.
"We have found Mr. Hunt's practice exceedingly successful in
severe obstinate cases."-Braithwaite's Retrospect of Medicine.
"The facts and views he brings forward eminently merit atten-
tion."-British and Foreign Medical Review.
Hunt, Thomas P., b. 1794, in Charlotte county,
Virginia, graduated at Hampden-Sidney College, Va.,
1813; licensed to preach, 1824; ordained, 1825. 1. Bible
Baptism, Nos. 1 and 2. 2. Hist. of Jesse Johnson and
nis Times. 3. It will not Injure me. 4. Death by Mea-
sure. 5. Wedding-Days of Former Times. Nos. 2, 3, 4,
Nos. 2, 3, 4,
5, are Temperance Tales. 6. Liquor-Selling a System
of Fraud. Other publications, among which are a num-
ber of papers contributed to periodicals.
Hunt, Thomas Sterry, b. 1826, at Norwich, Conn.,
appointed, in 1847, chemist and mineralogist to the Geo-
logical Survey of Canada, has pub. a number of Annual
Reports in connection with the Survey, and many papers
on Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geology in the Amer.
Jour. of Science and the L. E. and D. Philos. Mag. His
His
essays on a New System of Chemical Theory in the first-
named periodical have attracted much attention and been
repub. in England and Germany. Mr. H. is the authori
Huntar, Alex. Weights, &c., Edin., 1624, 4to.
Hunter. Nummi Veterum Populorum et Græcorum,
cum 68 Tab. æn., Lon., 1782, 4to.
1. Select. from Cicero, 1809,
Hunter, Miss A. S.
12mo. 2. Miscellanies for Female Readers, 1810, 12mo.
Hunter, Alexander, M.D., 1729-1809, a native of
Edinburgh, settled at York, England, was the author of
several works on medicine, agriculture, &c., the principal
of which is Georgical Essays, Lon., 1770-74, 4 vols. 8vo;
York, 1803, 4 vols. Svo; vols. v., vi., Lon., 1804, Svo. He
also edited Evelyn's Sylva: see EVELYN, JOHN, No. 5.
See also Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Hunter, Alexander. Con. to Ann. of Med., 1799.
Hunter, Mrs. Anne, 1742-1821, the wife of the
celebrated surgeon, John Hunter, and a sister of Sir
Everard Home, is the author of My Mother bids me braid
my Hair, and The Mermaid's Song, and other songs made
famous by the music of Haydn. In 1802 she pub. a vol.
of Poems, which met with but little mercy at the hands
of Lord Jeffrey :
"Poetry really does not seem to be her vocation, and rather
appears to have been studied as an accomplishment than pursued
from any natural propensity."-Edin. Rev., i. 421-426, g. v.
"All of her verses are written with elegance and feeling, and
her Death-Song is a noble strain, almost worthy of Campbell
himself."-Blackwood's Mag., xli. 409.
Also highly commended by the British Critic for Octo-
ber, 1802.
A biographical notice of Mrs. Hunter will be found in
Lon. Gent. Mag., Jan. 1821, 89–90.
Hunter, C. G. Russia; being a complete Picture of
the Empire, 1818.
Hunter, Christopher, 1675-1757, a physician of
Durham. 1. New ed. of the Ancient Rites and Monu-
ments of the Church of Durham, 1733. Anon. 2. Illust.
of Neale's Hist. of the Puritans, &c., 1736, Svo. 3. Anti-
quarian Con. to Phil. Trans., 1700, '02, '17, '44.
Hunter, Christopher, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1799,
8vo.
Hunter, David, D.D. Hist. of Christ, 1770, 2 vols.
12mo.
G. M. Louis and Antoinetta; a Trag.
Hunter, G. M.
1794, Svo.
-
Hunter, Henry, D.D., 1741-1802, a native of Culross,
Perthshire, pastor of the Scotch Church, London Wall,
from 1771 until his death, was the author and translator
of several valuable works. 1. Sacred Biography, Lon.,
1783-1802, 7 vols. Svo; 8th ed., 1820, 5 vols. 8vo; 1826,
2 vols. 8vo. Last ed., with Introduc. by Rev. A. Patter-
son, 1840, imp. Svo. Formerly very popular. 2. Lava-
ter's Essays on Physiognomy, 1789-98, 5 vols. 4to, £30.
3. Serm., 1793, 8vo. 4. Letters of Euler, 1795, 2 vols.
8vo. 5. Serms., 1795, 2 vols. Svo. 6. St. Pierre's Studies
of Nature, Lon., 1796-99, 5 vols. 8vo; 2d ed. in 3 vols. r.
Syo. 7. Saurin's Serms., 1796, 8vo. 8. Hist. of London
and its Environs, 1796, &c., in Pts., 1811, 2 vols. r. 4to.
Of little value. 9. Lects. on the Evidences of Christianity,
1798. 10. Sonnini's Travels in Egypt, 1799, 3 vols. 8vo.
11. Serms., &c., with Account of his Life and Writings,
1804, 2 vols. Svo.
"Several of these discourses are upon sacramental occasions,
and afford an interesting specimen of the form of admission as
practised by the Church of Scotland."-WALTER WILSON.
See Memoirs prefixed to No. 11; Rees's Cyc.; Lon. Gent.
Mag., vol. lxxii.; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of
Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, iii. 144–147.
Hunter, Jac. Epistolæ Miscellanes, Vien., Aust,
1631,
1631, Svo.
Hunter, James.
Farriery, &c., Lon., 1796. 8vo.
922
HUN
HUN
Hunter, James. Swing-Plow, Edin., 1843, 8vo.
See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Hunter, John, 1728-1793, the distinguished anato-
mist and surgeon, was a native of Long Calderwood, near
Glasgow, the son of a farmer, and the youngest of ten
children. His early education was very defective, as he
preferred amusement to the studies of the grammar-school
which he occasionally attended. After working as a cabi-
net-maker's apprentice in Glasgow for about three years,
he was induced in his twenty-first year, by the medical
reputation of his brother William, in London, to offer
himself as his assistant. He arrived in London in 1748,
studied anatomy with his brother, and surgery under Che-
selden, and, by the distinction which he rapidly acquired
and continued to augment, gave evidence that he had
found his proper sphere of action. 1. Nat. Hist. of the
Human Teeth, Lon., 1771, 78, 1803, 4to. In Dutch,
Dordr., 1773, 4to. 2. Prac. Treat. on Diseases of the
Teeth, Lon., 1778, 4to. Supp. to No. 1. 3. Treat. on the
Venereal Disease, 1786, 4to. New ed., by Joseph Adams,
M.D., 1818, 8vo. With addits. by Ph. Ricord, edited by
F. J. Bumstead, Phila., 1853, Svo. 4. Observ. on Certain
Parts of the Animal Economy, Lon., 1786, '87, '90, 4to.
New ed., by Owens, 1837, 4to. 5. Treatise on the Blood,
Inflammation, and Gun-shot Wounds; with the Author's
Life, by Everard Home, 1797, 4to; 1812, 2 vols. 8vo. Dr.
Hunter contributed many papers to Phil. Trans., Med.
Com., and Trans. Med. and Chir., for an account of which
and edits. of his works see Watt's Bibl. Brit. A collective
ed. of his Works, with Notes and Life, by Palmer, was
pub. by Longman in 1838, 4 vols. 8vo, £ 108. To the
above noticed Lives by Home and Palmer, the biographies
by Dr. Joseph Adams and Jesse Foot, and the Life in
Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scots-
men, and that in the Lives of British Physicians, we refer
the reader for further information respecting this distin-
guished anatomist and surgeon. See also our notice of
HOME, SIR EVERARD, M.D. Dr. Hunter's celebrated col-
lection of comparative anatomy, &c., which cost him
£70,000, was bought by the government for £15,000 and
presented, with certain conditions, to the Royal College
of Surgeons. In addition to authorities cited above, see
also Disraeli on the Literary Character.
Hunter, Mrs. John, wife of the preceding. See
HUNTER, MRS. ANNE.
Hunter, John, M.D., Physician to the Army, pub.
several medical treatises, 1775-93.
Hunter, John, Admiral, Royal Navy. 1. Transac.
at Port Jackson, &c., Lon., 1793, 4to. 2. Scenery of My-
sore, 1805, fol.
Hunter, John, 1747-1837, Prof. of Humanity in the
Univ. of St. Andrew's for about half a century, and sub-
sequently Principal of the United College of St. Salvador
and St. Leonard, pub. excellent edits. of Virgil, Horace,
Juvenal, and Flaccus, 1797-1806. Dr. Hunter was a critic
Dr. Hunter was a critic
of profound erudition. See Edin. Rev.; Lon. New Monthly
Mag., 1st Ser., No. 77; Lon. Monthly Mag., No. 341;
Watt's Bibl. Brit.; art. Grammar, in Encyc. Brit.
Hunter, Rev. John, Vice-Principal of the National
Society's Training College, Battersea, has pub. several
works on English Grammar, English Parsing, &c., Lon.,
1847-50.
Hunter, John. A Poem, &c., 1798, 1800, both Svo.
Hunter, John Dunn. Manners and Customs of
Several Indian Tribes located west of the Mississippi, &c.,
Phila., 1823, Svo, pp. 402. Reprinted in London in the
same year, under the title of Memoirs of a Captivity
among the Indians of North America, from Childhood to
the age of Nineteen, &c., Svo, pp. 447. This work was
very favourably received in England.
"The perusal of Mr. Hunter's narrative has left a strong con-
viction on our minds that it is the authentic production of an
individual who has actually passed many years of his life among
the Indians.”—Lom. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 76–111.
"None who have passed a single afternoon in his company,
whatever might have been their previous impressions. have any
longer had the slightest doubt that he is exactly what he repre
sents himself to be; or that his story, recorded as it is entirely
from memory, the savages among whom he lived having no writ-
ten language, is perfectly faithful."-Lon. Month. Rev., cii. 243-
256; 368-381,
limited space forbids. See also Blackw. Mag., xvi› 639–
640; xvii. 56; Lon. Lit. Gaz., 1823, 242, 260, 278; Rich's
Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 150, 186; E. Norgate's pamphlet
entitled Mr. John Dunn Hunter defended, Lon., 1826. 8vo,
pp. 38, (an answer to General Cass, in the N. Amer. Rev.,
supra ;) and J. Neale's answer to Norgate.
Hunter, Joseph. Funl. Serm., 1813.
|
Hunter, Rev. Joseph, Assistant Keeper of the
Public Records, a learned antiquary, has pub. several
valuable works, among which are (1.) Hist. and Topog.
of the Deanery of Doncaster, 1828, 2 vols. fol., £S S«.;
large paper, £16 16s. 2. Illust. of the Life and Studies
of Shakspeare, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. Founders of Ply-
mouth, New England, 1849, p. 8vo. 4. Collections rel. to
Founders of Plymouth, New England, 1854. p. Svo. See
Lon. Gent. Mag., Dec. 1831; Edin. Rev., Oct. 1855; N.
Amer. Rev., April, 1856; Hallam's Lit. Hist. of England,
1854, ii. 176, n.
Hunter, Maria. Novels, Lon., 1792-98.
Hunter, Mrs. Rachael, of Norwich, d. 1813, pub.
a number of novels, &c., Lon., 1801–10.
“Her publications are all of a strictly moral tendency."—Wall's
Bill. Brit.
Hunter, Robert, Governor of Jamaica from 1728
until his death in 1734, was the author of the celebrated
Letter on Enthusiasm, (ascribed to Swift and Shaftesbury,)
and, according to Coxeter, a farce, called Androboros. See
Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Biog. Dramat.; Swift's Works;
Bancroft's Hist. U. States.
Hunter, Robert. Law of Landlord and Tenant in
Scot.; 2d ed., Edin., 2 vols. 8vo.
Hunter, Thomas, Vicar of Weaverham, Cheshire,
d. 1777. 1. On Tacitus, Lon., 1752, Svo. 2. On Lord Bo-
lingbroke, 1770, 8vo. 3. Moral Discourses on Providence,
Warring., 1774, 2 vols. Svo.
Superior to the ordinary class.”—Lon. Critical Rev.
4. Reflections on Lord Chesterfield's Letters, 1776, Svo.
Hunter, W. P. Narrative of the Late Expedition
to Syria under Admiral Stopford, Lon., 1841, 2 vols. p.
Svo. An interesting account of the campaign in Syria.
2.
Hunter, William, 1718-1783, M.D., a distinguished
anatomist and physician, brother to John Hunter, (ante.)
was also a native of Long Calderwood, near Glasgow,
the son of a farmer, and the seventh of ten children.
After pursuing his studies for five years in the University
of Glasgow, with the intention of entering the church, he
was induced by Dr. Cullen to turn his attention to medi-
cine, in which department he made astonishing progress.
In 1741 he settled in London, where his talents and assi-
duity soon rendered him distinguished. 1. Medical Com-
mentaries, Pt. 1, Lon., 1762, 4to. Supp., 1764, 4to.
Anatomia Humani Uteri Gravidi Tabulis [34] illustrata,
Lat. and Eng., Birming., 1774, atlas fol., £6 68. A splen-
did work. An Anatomical Description of the Human
Gravid Uterus and its Contents, Lon., 1794, 4to. Edited
by Dr. Baillie, 58. This is intended to supply the want
of a descriptive account in No. 2, and should therefore
accompany it. 3. Lects. on the Gravid Uterus and Mid-
wifery, 1783, 4to. 4. Two Introduc. Lects. to Anatomical
Course of Lects., 1784, 4to.
Course of Lects., 1784, 4to. Dr. H. also contributed a
number of papers to Phil. Trans., 1743-84, for a list of
which see Watt's Bibl. Brit. He possessed a collection of
Greek and Latin books, medals and coins, which cost him
more than £20,000. Of a portion of the coins, a catalogue
was pub. by his friend, Charles Combe, M.D., 9. v. Hunter
possessed less genius than his brother John, (from whom
he was long estranged,) but more scholarship and far more
amiability of temper. See Account of Hunter's Life and
Writings, by S. F. Symmons, M.D., 1783, Sro; Chambers
and Thomson's Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, iii. 147–
156 Lives of Brit. Physicians; Disraeli on the Literary
Character; Lon. Month. Rev., vols. li., lxxv., lxxxvi., &c.
Hunter, William. Customs books, 1764–76.
Hunter, William. Songs, Edin., 1764, 12mo.
Hunter, William. Serms., &c., 1771-84.
Hunter, William, d. 1815, surgeon in East Indies.
1. Account of Pegu, Calcut., 1785, r. Svo; Lon., 1789,
12mo. In French, with Notes by M. Langles. 2. Caverns
near Bombay, Lon., 1788, 12mo; and in Archæol., 1785.
Diseases incident to Indian Seamen, Calcutta, 1804,
'24, fol. 4. Con. to Mem. Med., 1799. 5. Con. to Trans.
Linn. Soc., 1807.
Hunter, William. Travels in 1792 through France,
Turkey, and Hungary, Lon., 1798, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d ed.,
1803, 2 vols. Svo; 70 copies on large paper. Severely
criticized by Lord Brougham in Edin. Rev., iv. 207-214.
Hunter also pub. several political works, 1794-1811.
"An authentic, most amusing, and accurate narrative."-3.
Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 986.
But audi alteram partem:
"Mr. John Dunn Hunter is one of the boldest impostors that
has appeared in the world since the days Psalmanazar.
His book... is a worthless fabrication."-GENERAL LEWIS CASS:
N. Amer. Rev., xxii. 94-108, q. v. for the evidence upon which this
charge is founded.
We should linger a moment upon this theme, but our
923
HUN
HUR
Huntingdon. See HUNTINGTON.
Huntingdon, Henry of. See HENRY.
Huntingford, Rev. Edward. Thoughts on some
portions of the Revelation of St. John the Divine, Lon.,
1852, sm. Svo.
Huntingford, George Isaac, D.D., 1748–1832, a
native of Winchester, educated at Winchester Coll. and
New Coll., Oxf.; Master of Westminster School, 1772;
Warden of Winchester Coll.. 1789; Bishop of Gloucester,
1802; trans. to Hereford, 1815. He pub. a number of
educational works to facilitate the study of Greek and
Latin, some sermons, Thoughts on the Trinity, and other
theolog. treatises. In 1832, 8vo, was pub. by his nephew.
Henry Huntingford, the bishop's Theolog. Works,-viz.:
Thoughts on the Trinity, (2d ed.,) Charges, &c.
"One of the most valuable presents which its Right Rev.
author could make or bequeath."-Lon. Chris. Rememb.
The author's reasoning is strict and manly, and his style is
scriptural, energetic, and appropriate.”—British Critic.
"His composition is easy without feebleness, and energetic
without stateliness."-Lon. Month. Rev.
See a biographical account of Bishop H. in Lon. Gent.
Mag.. June and Dec. 1832. See Blackw. Mag., xlii.
697-698.
Huntingford, Henry. 1. Pindari Carmina, 1814,
Svo. 2. Dammi Lexicon Pindaricum, 1814, 8vo.
Huntingford, John. 1. Case of the Statute Laws
1. Case of the Statute Laws
considered, Lon., 8vo. 2. Laws of Masters and Servants,
&c., 1790, Svo.
Huntingford, Thomas, Vicar of Kempsford.
Testimonies in proof of the Separate Existence of the
Soul, Lon., 1829, sm. Svo. Directed against the notion
of Archbishop Whately. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 802.
Huntington, E. A. Farewell Serms., Albany,
1855, Svo.
Huntington, Ebenezer. See HUNTINGTON, WIL-
LIAM, S.S.
Huntington, Jedediah Vincent, b. in the city
of New York, Jan. 1815, was for some years a physician,
subsequently a clergyman of the Prot. Epis. Church, and
has been since 1849 a Roman Catholic layman. He is at
present (1856) the editor of The Leader, a literary and
political weekly paper devoted to R. Catholic interests,
pub. at St. Louis, Mo. Mr. H. was formerly editor of The
Metropolitan (R. C.) Magazine, and has been a contri-
butor to Blackwood, The Knickerbocker, and other pe-
riodicals. He is a brother of Daniel Huntington, of New
York, an eminent artist. 1. Poems, N. York, 1843, 12mo.
"He is classical and Wordsworthian. He, too, [like Longfel-
low,] is deeply religious, and his poems have a sober hue; but
they are so carefully chiselled as to defy critical censure.
considerable portion of this volume is occupied with fragments
and inscriptions from the Greek. These are, in general, elegantly
and faithfully done."-Lon. Athenæum, 1844, pp. 7–8.
A
•
2. Lady Alice; or, The New Una, N. York and Lon.,
1849, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Severely censured in the N. Amer.
Rev., 1xx. 225-237, by A. P. Peabody.
Huntington, Robert, D.D., 1636–1701, a native of
Gloucestershire, Master of Trin. Coll., Dublin, 1683;
Bishop of Raphoe, 1701. Vita ejus et Epistolæ, Editore
Thoma Smith, Lon., 1704, Svo. Bp. H. contributed a
paper to Phil. Trans., No. 161; and some of his Observa-
tions will be found in John Ray's Collection of Curious
Voyages and Travels, 1693, 2 vols. 8vo. See Biog. Brit.;
Life, by Dr. Smith, ante.
Huntington, Susan, 1791-1823, wife of the Rev
Joshua Huntington, (ante,) wrote the story of Little Lucy,
and a Letter to a Friend Recovered from Sickness, which
is tract No. SS of the Amer. Tract Soc. Her Memoirs,
with her Letters, Journal, and Poetry, were pub. by B. B.
Wisner, 3d ed., 1829. Five edits. have been issued in
Scotland. See N. Haven Chris. Month. Spec., viii. 309.
|
Dr.
Huntington, Frederic D., D.D., Preacher to the
University, and Plummer Prof. of Christian Morals in
the College at Cambridge, b. at Hadley, Mass., May 28,
1819; graduated at Amherst College, 1839; ordained
over South Congregational Church, Boston, Oct. 19, 1842;
appointed Preacher to the University and Plummer Pro-
fessor of Christian Morals in Harvard College, 1855.
H. is the author of Lessons on the Parables of our Saviour,
Bost., 18mo; Sermons for the People, 1856, 12mo; about
twenty pamphlets,-Sermons, Discourses, and Addresses;
contributor to the Monthly Religious Magazine, The
Christian Register, The Christian Examiner, Democratic
Review, &c. Compiler (with Dr. Hedge) of Hymns for
the Church of Christ. Editor of The Monthly Religious |
Magazine and Independent Journal, and of American
edits. of the following works of the Rev. Wm. Mount-
ford, now a citizen of Boston:-1. Martyria, Bost., 1846,
12mo. 2. Euthanasy. 3. Christianity the Deliverance of
the Soul and its Life, 1846, 12mo. Also editor of an Ame-
rican ed. of Archbp. Whately's Christian Morals, 1856,
12mo. A biographical and descriptive account of Dr.
Huntington will be found in Fowler's American Pulpit,
N. York, 1856, 289–315.
Huntington, J. F. Manual of Fine Arts, N. York,
1854, 12ino.
C
"The Lady Alice is the New Una. In the name of decency, let
her remain Una,' and be the Prima to no successor of her kith
and kin."-p. 237, ubi supra.
"The tailoring of the story is a sublimation of Stultz, and the
religion is Puseyism run mad.”—Bost. Liv. Age, xxi. 409.
3. Alban; or, the History of a Young Puritan, 1850
The only complete and unmutilated ed. is that pub. by
Redfield, N. York, 1853, 2 vols. 12mo. Seo Amer. Whig
Rev., xiv. 4SS.
4. The Forest: a Sequel to Alban, 1852, 12mo.
See also N. York Church Rev. ii. 505; South. Lit.
Mess., xv. 529.
"The picture of American scenery is painted in bright and
vivid colours. The sports. the adventures, the perils, of an Indian
hunting-ground are put before the reader's mind with the sharp
outlines, the humour, and the breadth, of real life."-Lon. Athen.,
1853, p. 13.
5. The Pretty Plate, by John Vincent, Esa., 1852, 16mo.
6. America Discovered; a Poem, 1853, 12mo.
TRANSLATIONS. 7. Franchère's Narrative of a Voyage to
the Northwest Coast of America in 1811-14, 12mo, 1854. 8.
Segur's Short and Familiar Answers to Objections against
Religion, 1854, 18mo. 9. Blonde and Brunette, 1859.
Huntington, Joseph, D.D., 1735-1794, a native
of Windham, Conn., grad. at Yale College in 1762, and
in 1763 was ordained pastor of the church in Coventry,
Conn.
Conn. In addition to several serms. and theolog. trea-
tises, pub. 1774-83, he was the author of a vol. entitled
Calvinism Improved, which was given to the world after
his death, in 1796. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.;
Sprague's Annals of the Amer. Pulpit, i. 602-607.
Huntington, Joshua, 1786-1819, minister of Bos-
ton, Mass., grad. at Yale College in 1804, pub. Memoirs
of the Life of Abigail Waters, 1817. See Panopl., xvi.
529–535; N. Haven Chris. Month. Spec., i. 449.
Huntington, William, S.S., 1744-1813, for many
years a popular Calvinist Methodist preacher in London,
originally a labourer, pub. many serms. and theolog, trea-
tises, some controversial, others experimental.
His works were pub. in 1820, 20 vols. 8vo, £12. Select
Works, edited by his son, Ebenezer Huntington, 1838, 6
vols. Svo. New ed. of his Works, 1856, 6 vols. demy Svo,
£2 28. The last edit. is pub. by W. H. Collingridge, Lon.,
who sells many of the different works separately. This
edit. contains about fifty works "carefully printed from
Mr. Bensley's edition, without the least abridgment, at
about one-sixth of the original price." Bensley's edit. is
the one above noticed in 20 vols., pub. at £12. Two vols.
of Huntington's Letters were pub. in 1851. The title S.S.
has doubtless puzzled many. We give the bearer's own
explanation:
As I cannot get a D.D. for the want of cash, neither can I get
at M.A. for want of learning; therefore I am compelled to fly for
refuge to S.S., by which I mean Sinner Saved,”
An account of Huntington, by Robert Southey, will be
found in a review of his works by the latter in the Lon.
Quar. Rev., xxiv. 462-510; see also Lowndes's Brit. Lib.,
641; T. B. Macaulay's Crit. and Hist. Essays, 1854, ii. 524–
525; Blackw. Mag., xlv. 232.
Huntley and Kingsley. Argument upon a De-
murrer in an Action of False Imprisonment, Lon., 1641,
4to.
Huntley, Henry. Observationes in Morbis Nauta-
rum, Lon., 1728, Svo.
Huntley, Capt. Sir Henry V., R.N. 1. Peregrino
Scramble; or, Thirty Years' Adventures of a Blue Jacket,
Lon., 1849, 2 vols. p. 8vo. See Lon. Athenæum, 1849, p.
195. 2. Seven Years on the Slave Coast of West Africa,
1850, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 3. California: its Gold and its In-
habitants, 1856, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
Huntley, Lydia. See SIGOURNEY, MRS. LYDIA
HUNTLEY.
Huntley, William, i.e. Prynne, William.
Hunton, Philip, a Non-conformist divine. 1. Treat-
ise of Monarchy, Lon., 1643-44, '89, 4to. 2. Vindic. of
No. 1, in answer to Dr. Fern's Reply, 1644, 4to. Anon. See
Athen. Oxon.; Nicolson's Hist. Lib. Sir Robert Filmer
composed his Patriarcha in defence of the divine right of
kings, against Hunton.
Hurd, John C., Counsellor-at-law of the city of New
924
HUR
HUR
York. The Law of Freedom and Bondage in the United
States, Bost., 1858: vol. i., 8vo.
"Justly entitled to the praise of being one of the most learned
works ever produced in this country.”—George S. Hillard.
|
Hurd, John R. Hyponia; or, Thoughts on a Spiritual
Understanding of the Apocalypse, N. York, 1844, 8vo.
Hurd, Philip. Legal publications, 1814.
Hurd, Richard, D.D., 1720–1808, a native of Con-
greve, Staffordshire, admitted of Emanuel Coll., Camb.,
1733; one of the Whitehall Preachers, 1750; Rector of
Thurcaston, 1757; Rector of Yolkton, Yorkshire, 1762;
Preacher of Lincoln's Inn, 1765; Archdeacon of Glouces-
ter, 1767; Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, 1775; trans.
to Worcester, 1781; declined the Archbishopric of Canter-
bury, 1783. His principal works are the following:-
1. Commentary on Horace's Ars Poetica, 1749; 4th ed.,
1763, 3 vols. 8vo. New ed., 1776. George Colman over-
threw Hurd's Hypothesis, and Hurd admitted that Colman
was right. See COLMAN, GEORGE, the elder. See Hallam's
Lit. Hist. of Europe, ed. 1854, iii. 94, 509; Green's Diary
of a Lover of Lit., 1810, 41, 218. The eulogy lavished by
Hurd, in this Commentary, on Warburton, gained him the
friendship of that prelate. 2. Comment. on Horace's Epis-
tola ad Augustum; with a Discourse on Poctical Imitation,
1751. Warburton considered this Commentary "one of
the most masterly pieces of criticism ever written.'
|
""
6.
· Hurd extracts an order and coherence which I am unable to
recognise in the original."-Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., pp. 40,
120.
3. Dialogues on Sincerity, Retirement, the Golden Age
of Elizabeth, and the Constitution of the English Govern-
ment, 1759, Svo. Anon. Repub. along with his Letters on
Chivalry and Romance, (pub. 1762, Svo,) and Dialogues on
Foreign Travel, (pub. 1764, Svo,) under the title of Dia-
logues, Moral and Political, 1765, 3 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 1771,
3 vols. sm. Svo. Again, 1788, 3 vols. Svo. The first ed.
(1759) contains some passages which were omitted in the
subsequent edit.; but see Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit.,
P. 71.
"Dr. Hurd, it is well known, published, at one time of his life,
Moral and Political Dialogues, with a woeful Whiggish cast."-
Boswell's Life of Johnson.
There is a dialogue by Dr. Hurd on the times and personal
qualities of Elizabeth, which is not long, and well worth reading,
where her character is very severely criticized."-Prof. Smythes
Lects. on Mod. Hist.
plat
I have now seen the whole of the Letters on Chivalry, and am
wonderfully taken with them. They cannot but please all persons
of taste greatly. They are the petit-piece to that noble work, The
Dialogues, in which there is all the correctness of Addison's style,
and a strength of reasoning under the direction of judgment far
superior. The author is one of the best scholars in the kingdom,
and of parts and genius equal to his learning, and a moral cha-
racter that adorns both.”—BISHOP WARBURTON,
"After all, there is something offensive to correct feeling and just
taste in thus imputing fictitious conversations to real personages;
and, though Mr. Hurd has executed his task with delicacy and
address, I cannot help thinking that he has set a mischievous
example."-Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., p. 69.
4. Select Works of Abraham Cowley, 1769, 2 vols. Svo.
5. An Introduction to the Study of the Prophecies conc.
the Christian Church; and in particular conc. the Ch. of
Papal Rome, 1772. Svo; 1788, 2 vols. Svo. Repub. in col-
lective edits. of his Works; also new ed., with Prefatory
Remarks by Rev. E. Bickersteth, 1839, fp. Svo.
"He contends for the double sense of many of the prophecies.
On this subject, and on various other principles essential to the
right interpretation of the prophetic Scriptures, bis work well
deserves to be consulted.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
This elegantly-written and learned volume has long been
known and duly appreciated by the public. The subject is here
opened in the most masterly and instructive mauner by Bishop
Hurd."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
"A judicious outline on the plan of Mede.”—Bickersteth`s C. S.
See also Brit. Critic, O. S., xxvii. 652-653.
"Ilis style, abating a few affected impurities from quaint idioms
and colloquial cant, is really a fine one; and his account of Mede,
lu the 10th Discourse, is in every respect-in sublimity of concep-
tion, and in felicity, force, and grandeur of expression-worthy of
Burke.”—Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., pp. 163–164.
And see Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poet., ed. 1840, ii. 60.
6. Serms. preached at Lincoln's Inn, 1776-80, 3 vols.
3vo; 1785, 3 vols. 8vo.
"His style is always perspicuous, and often extremely elegant,
his method is natural and easy, and his manner in general simple
and frequently striking.”—Lon. Month. Rev.
And see Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., 165–166.
7. Serms. preached before the Lords, 1777, 4to. S. Works
of Bishop Warburton, 1788, 7 vols. 4to. New ed., 1811,
12 vols. 8vo. 9. Life of Warburton, 1794, 4to. 10. Ad-
dison's Works, with Philological Notes, 1810, 6 vols. Svo.
"Never were my humble expectations more miserably disap-
pointed' It seemed to me as a sad potato-roasting performance
from such a quarter.”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, p. 613.
•
See ADDISON, JOSEPH; GREENE, George WASHINGTON.
A collective ed. of Bishop Hurd's Works, with Life by
himself, appeared in 1811, 8 vols. 8vo. This edit. com-
prises (1.) Serms. and Charges; 2. Introduc. to the Study
of the Prophecies; 3. Moral and Political Dialogues;
4. Letters on Chivalry and Romance; 5. Critical Works
and Dissertations, including his Horace. In 1808, 4to,
1809, Svo, were pub. Warburton's Letters to Hurd, of
which a lively review by Lord Jeffrey will be found in
Edin. Rev., Jan. 1809; and in his contrib. to Edin. Rev.,
Lon., 1853, 880-893. In addition to authorities cited
above, see Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors, and his Curi-
osities of Lit.; Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Goodbugh's Eng.
Gent. Lib. Man., 155-156; Lon. Quar. Rev., vii. 383, (by
Rev. T. D. Whitaker;) Blackw. Mag., xxix. 379, n. 301;
xxxvi. 427.
"The most sensible and judicious of modern critics."-THOMAS
WARTON.
"Warburton, and his imitator Hurd. and other living critics
of that school, are loaded with familiar idioms, which at present
would debase even the style of conversation."-Disraeli's Miscell.
of Lit.: Style.
"Hurd bas perhaps the merit of being the first who in this coun-
deal of reading, and a facility in applying it; but he did not feel
try aimed at philosophical criticism: he had great ingenuity, a good
very deeply, was somewhat of a coxcomb, and having always before
bis eyes a model neither good in itself nor made for him to emulate,
he assumes a dogmatic arrogance, which, as it always offends the
reader, so for the most part stands in the way of the author's own
search for truth.”—Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., Lon., 1854,
iii. 475. n.
Hurd, Seth T. Grammatical Corrector, Phila., 1847,
12mo.
Hurd, Wm., D.D. 1. View of all the Religious Rites,
Ceremonies. and Customs of the Whole World. fol., 8. a.
New ed., Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1812, 4to. Frequently
recommended by Dr. Saml. Parr.
Hurdis, George. French Finances, 1818.
1
Hurdis, James, D.D., 1763–1801, a native of Sussex,
educated at St. Mary's Hall and Magdalene Coll., Oxf.;
Rector of Bishopstone, 1791; Prof. of Poetry at Oxford,
1793. He pub. a number of Poems, Lectures on Poetry,
Sermons, and theolog. works. A collective ed. of his
Poetical Works was pub. at Oxford in 1808, 3 vols. Svo.
Reviewed in Lon. Retrosp. Rev., vol. i. (1820) 58-70. The
critic remarks that Hurdis had imbibed so much of the
manner and spirit of the author of The Task
As to entitle him, without much inaccuracy, to the title of ą
disciple of Cowper."
Hurdis's best-known poetical compositions are The Vil-
lage Curate, 1788, tragedy of Sir Thomas More, 1792, and
The Favourite Village, 1800. His theological works are
-1. A Short Critical Disquisition on the true meaning of
the word `n [which he contends signifies the Croco-
dile] found in Genesis i. 21, Lon., 1790, Svo. 2. Select
Critical Remarks upon the Eng. Version of the First Ten
Chaps. of Genesis, 1793, Svo. 3. 12 Dissert. on Psalın
and Prophecy, 1800, Svo.
His observations on the beginning of Genesis are very judi-
cious.”—Orme's Bill. Bib.
See life prefixed by Miss Hurdis to the Oxford ed. of
his Poems; Hayley's Life of Cowper; Lon. Month. Rev.
pendious Chart of Ancient Hist. and Biography. 2. Brief
Hurford, Mrs. John, of Altrincham. 1. Com-
Summary of Ancient Hist., 12mo. To accompany No. 1.
CA
This Chart is constructed with great ingenuity.. It in
some measure combines the advantages of both Dr. Priestley's
charts, the Biographical and Historical.”—Lon. Mouth. Rev.
Hurlbut, E. P. 1. Civil Offices and Political Ethics,
N. York, 1844, 12mo. 2. Essays on Human Rights and
their Political Guarantees, 1845, 12mo. With Pref. by
G. Combe, Lon.. 1847. r. Svo,
Hurlbut, William Henry, b. July 3, 1827, in
Charleston, S.C., graduated at Harvard Univ. 1847. Gan
Eden; or, Pictures of Cuba, Bost., 1854, 12mo; Lon., 1855,
16mo, (vol. xe. of Longman's Travellers' Lib.) A versatile
writer of ability. He has contributed largely to American
periodicals and to the Edinburgh and other British Quar-
terlies.
Hurlestone, Randall. Newes from Rome conc.
the Masse, &c., Canterb. s. a.. 16mo, Hibbert, 4073. £2 58.
Hurley, Absalom. On Non-Residence, Lon.,1759,4to.
Hurlock, Joseph. Dentition, Lon., 1742, 8vo.
Hurlstone, Edwin T.
of Bonds, Phila., 1835, Svo.
HORN, HENRY.
1. Prac. Treat, on the Law
2. Excheq. Reports: see
Hurlstone, Thomas. Plays and Novels, Lon.,
1792-1803. See Biog. Dramat.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Hurly, James. Astronomy, Lon., 1771, Svo.
Hurn, Wm. Poems, Lon., 1777 '84, both 4to.
Hurn, Wm. Principles of the Church, Lon., 1790, Svo.
1
925
HUR
HUT
Hurrion, John, 1675?-1731, a Congregational
minister at Denton, Norfolk, and subsequently in Hare
Court, London, was the author of some excellent sermons
and theological treatises, the best-known of which is that
on the Holy Spirit, (in XVI. Serms. at Pinner's Hall,)
An edit of his Discourses was pub. in 1727,
1734, Svo.
3 vols. 8vo; and his Whole Works, now first collected,
with a Life, appeared in 1823, 3 vols. 12mo. There have
been also new edits. of several of his works.
"For the great and judicious Hurrion's XVI. Sermons. [on the
Holy Spirit,] I have no words to express my esteem. They com-
mand wonder, and exceed all my recommendation."-Ryland's
Colton Mather's Student.
"He appears from his publications to have been a close reasoner,
and very capable of exhausting a subject. His style is natural.
unaffected, and manly; possessing a gravity without dulness, and
smartness that never degenerates into levity."-WALTER WILSON.
Drs. Ridgley, Gill, and other authorities, also highly
commend Hurrion's works. And see Lon. Evangel. Mag-,
Jan. 1827.
Hurry, Mrs. Ives, formerly Miss Mitchell, pub. a
number of Tales for Young Persons, Lon., 1797-1803, &c.
Hurry, Thomas. Interest Tables, Lon., 1786, 12mo.
Hurst, Henry. Sermis., 1659-90.
Hurst, Richard. Trans. of M. Gombauld's prose
Romance, Endymion, Lon., 1637, Svo. Hurst was Secre-
tary to Sir Rob. Anstruther, Ambassador from England
to Vienna.
Hurst, Thomas, D.D. Serms., 1637-44.
Hursthouse, Charles, Jr. 1. Acct. of New Ply-
mouth in N. Zealand, Lon., 1849, p. 8vo. A work of
authority. 2. Emigration: Where to Go and Who should
Go, 1852, 12mo.
Hurtley, Thomas. Curiosities near Malham, 1786,Svo.
Hurton, Wm. 1. Poems, Lon., 1845, 12mo. 2. A
Voyage from Leith to Lapland, 1851, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 1852,
gro. 3. The Doomed Ship; or, The Wreck of the Arctic
Regions, 1855, 12mo.
Hurwitz, Hyman, Prof. of Hebrew in Univ. Coll.,
London. 1. Elements of the Hebrew Language, Pt. 1,
Orthography, Lon., 1807, 8vo; 4th ed., 1848, 8vo. 2.
Etymology and Syntax of the Hebrew Language; 4th ed.,
1850. 8vo. 3. Hebrew Grammar; 4th ed., 1850, Svo.
.
“Mr. Hurwitz's Grammar is the best elementary work of its kind
extant in the English language."-Lon. Jour. of Education, No. IX.
4. Vindicia Hebraicæ; or, A Defence of the Hebrew
Scriptures, 1820, 8vo.
"A most admirable work."-Lo. Quar. Rev.
See also the Spectator, Times, Courier, and the Asiatic
Journal.
"He had great powers of thought and application, but neither
the fire of genius nor the soul of poetry in his character."-SIR
ARCHIBALD ALISON: Hist. of Europe, 1789-1815, g. v.
Hussey, G. Hist., &c. of the World, Lon., 1670,
Hussey, Garret, M.D. On Fever, Dubl., 1784, Svo.
"An attempt to revive the old doctrine of Error Loci."-Dr.
Wall's Bib. Brit.
See also his Hist. of Europe, 1815-52; Life, prefixed to
Speeches; Index to Biackw. Mag., vols. i.-1.; Fraser's
Mag., ii. 251; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1830, Pt. 2, 265, 366,
649, 650. Huskisson contributed much personal assist-
ance to Wm. Jacob's Hist. Inquiry into the Production
and Consumption of the Precious Metals, 1831, 2 vols. 8vo.
Hussey, A. Notes on Ancient Churches in the
Counties of Kent, Sussex, and Surrey, Lon., 1852, 8vo.
Hussey, Christopher, D.D., Rector of West Wick-
ham, Kent. 1. XII. Serms., Lon., 1753, Svo. 2. XX.
Serms., 1758, Svo.
"The author has given strong evidences of critical sagacity and
solid julement.”—Lon. Month. Rev.
12mo.
Hussey, Joseph, a Congregational Calvinist, divine
of Cambridge. England. 1. Serms., 1693, 8vo. 2. Serm.,
1704, 4to. 3. Glory of Christ Unveiled, 1706, 4to. 4.
God's Operations of Grace, 1707, Svo. Recently repub.
See Wilson's Hist. of Dis-
Hussey's works are scarce.
senting Churches; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 738, 746.
Hussey, Robert, 1801–1856, Regius Prof. of Eccles.
Hist., Oxf., late Censor of Christ Church, and Whiteball
Preacher. 1. Serms., Oxf., 1849, Svo. 2. The Papal Su-
premacy, 1851, 12mo.
Hussey, T. J., D.D., Rector of Hayes, Kent. The
Holy Bible, with a Comment.; in Pts. r. 8vo, 1843, &c.
cology, 1849-55: 1st Ser., 90 col'd Plates, £7 12s. 6d.;
Hussey, Mrs. T. J. Illustrations of British My-
2d Ser., 50 col'd Plates, £4 108. A splendid work. See
Lon. Gardener's Chronicle.
Hussey, Thomas, R. Catholic Bishop of Waterford,
the principal founder of Maynooth College, pub. a number
of Sermons. His
"Eloquence in the pulpit was really great, but it rather subdued
than satisfied reason."-CHARLES BUTLER.
Hussey, Wm. Theolog. treatises, &c., Lon., 1646-47.
Hussey, Wm. Letters to a Brother, 1811, 2 vols. 12mo.
Hussey, Wm. 1. A Monitor for Young Ministers of
the Gospel, Lon., 1828, 12mo.
"Sound sense, solid argument, and sober advice."-Lon. Chris.
Rememb.
2. Explan. of the Order and Contents of the Bible.
Huston, C. Land-Titles in Penna., Phila., 1849, Svo.
"The author is thoroughly versed on this subject."-JUDge R.
C. GRIER.
Hutcheson, Francis, 1694-1747, a native of the
North of Ireland, where his father was a Presbyterian
We have already noticed this answer to the misrepre- minister, entered the University of Glasgow in 1710,
sentations of John Bellamy, q. v. See also Horne's Bibl. Bib. studied divinity, and was licensed to preach. When
Husband, Edward. 1. Collect. of Passages be- about to assume the pastoral charge of a small Presbyte-
tween the King and Parliament, Dec. 1641, to Mar. 1643, rian congregation in the North of England, he was per-
4to.
2. Collect. of all the Public Orders, &c. of Parlia-suaded to open an academy in Dublin, which was liberally
ment, Mch. 19, 1642, to Dec. 1646, fol., 1646.
encouraged. In 1729 he became Professor of Moral Phi-
Husband, J., of Neston. Five Serins., Lon., 1829,8vo. losophy in the Univ. of Dublin. In 1725 he pub. An In-
Huskell, Rev. John. Avon; a Pocin, 1811.
quiry into the Original of our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue,
Huskinson, Eliza. The Song of the Spheres; a and in 1728 an Essay on the Passions and Affections. He
Poem, Lon., 1853, fp. Svo.
also pub. some manuals for his class, &c. His great work
-A System of Moral Philosophy, with the Life, Writings,
and Character of the Author, by Dr. Wm. Leechman-was
pub. by his son, Francis Hutcheson, M.D., in 1755, Glas-
gow, 2 vols. 4to. His Letters on Virtue appeared in 1772,
Svo. Hutcheson is a warm advocate of the doctrine of an
implanted moral sense, intended as a governing principle
in the conduct of human actions. He undoubtedly did
much to increase-be may almost be said to have esta-
blished-the school of Shaftesbury and Butler in Scotland.
At this we need not marvel, when we read the glowing
tribute paid to his philosophical orations by an eminent
authority of our own day:
Huskisson, William, M.P., 1770-1830, a native
of Birch-Moreton, Worcestershire, an eminent statesman,
lost his life in consequence of having his legs crushed by
a steam-engine at the opening of the Liverpool and Man-
chester Railway. A collective edit. of his Speeches, [both
in and out of Parliament,] with a Brief Memoir, was pub.,
Lon., 1831, 3 vols., £2 28. in 8vo or £3 38. in r. Svo,
Amer. ed., edited by Robert Walsh, Phila., Svo. His
Speeches on Corn-Laws, Currency, and Commerce, are
among the best in the language.
CL
The Speeches of Mr. Huskisson ought to be the manual of
financiers."—Lon. Athenæum.
"To the political and commercial world, a work of greater in-
terest than the present could not be offered."-Lon. Lit. Guz.
"His Lectures, by their copious Illustrations, their amiable tone
of feeling, their enlightened views of liberty and human improve-
ment, and their persuasive eloquence, made a deeper impression
than the more severe and dry compositions of Butler could ever
create, and laid the foundation in Scotland of the modern ethical
school." LORD BROUGHAM: Lives of Philosophers of the Time of
Geo. III, art. Adam Smith, ed. 1855, 166.
"Butler and Hutcheson coincided in the two important posi-
tions, that disinterested affections, and a distinct moral faculty,
are essential parts of human nature. Hutcheson is a chaste and
simple writer, who imbibed the opinions without the literary faults
of his master, Shaftesbury. He has a clearness of expression and
fulness of illustration which are wanting in Butler. But he is
inferior to both these writers in the appearance at least of origi-
nality, and to Butler especially in that philosophical courago
which, when it discovers the fountains of truth and falsehood,
leaves others to follow the streams. . . . Hutcheson was the father
of the modern school of philosophy in Scotland."-Sir James
MACKINTOSH: Prelim. Dissert. Encyc. Brit., and in his Works, 1854,
i. 127, 129.
Hutcheson, Archibald, d. 1740, pub. several works
on politics, political economy, &c., the most important of
which is the Collec. of Treatises relating to the National
Debts and Funds, Lon., 1721, '25, 2 vols. fol. Hutcheson
suggested a mode of paying off the public debt, for an
account of which see Hume's Essay on Public Credit;
McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 319; Blackw. Mag.,
xxiii. 345.
Hutcheson, C. Southern Mariners, a Tale of Pata-
gonia; a Poem, Lon., 1853, 12mo.
-
But the honour assigned to Hutcheson in the last para
graph cannot pass unchallenged. This distinction is
D
926
HUT
HUT
awarded, by the great philosopher who has just closed his
eyes upon the world, to Hutcheson's predecessor at Glas-
gow:
"Carmichael may be regarded, on good grounds, as the real
founder of the Scottish school of philosophy."-SIR WILLIAM
IIAMILTON: Reid's Collected Writings. p. 30.
The attention of the reader is called to Dr. Leechman's
Life of Hutcheson, noticed above:
"A fine piece of philosophical biography."-SIR JAMES MACKIN-
TOSH: ubi supra.
See also Biog. Brit., Supp.; Tytler's Life of Kames;
Stewart's Life of Dr. Adam Smith.
Hutcheson, George, one of the ministers of Edin-
burgh. 1. Expos. of the XII. Small Prophets, 1655, 3
vols. sm. 8vo; 1657, fol.; best edit.
"The book presents much in little, and breathes out much of
God and godliness."-E. CALAMY.
66
Spiritual. full, pithy, and evangelical.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
"Deserves the same character as the author's other work on Job.”
-Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
See Nos. 2 and 3.
2. Expos. of the Gospel according to John, 1657, fol.;
1841, r. Svo.
"Very full in drawing out the various practical lessons on every
verse."-Bickersteth's C. S
"They [Expositions of the Minor Prophets and of John] are very
excellent pieces of composition, as doctrinal and practical works,
in which department all the writers of this class excelled."-
Orme's Bibl. Bıb.
See No. 1.
"It contains many valuable observations."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
"A work of considerable merit. His method is perspicuous,
and his observations founded on the text are judicious and pro-
fitable."-Williams's C. P.
See No. 1.
"Full and evangelical."-Bickersteth's C. S.
Calamy compliments Hutcheson by calling him "another
David Dickson." 4. XIV. Serms. upon the 130th Psalm,
Edin., 1691, Svo.
Hutcheson, Gilbert. Treat. on Offices of Justice
of the Peace, Constable, &c., Edin., 1806, 3 vols. r. Svo;
1815, 4 vols. r. 8vo. A work of authority.
Hutcheson, Robert K. 1. Excise Informations,
&c., Brist., 1797, Svo. 2. Excise Laws, &c., Lon., 1798,
8vo.
3. Expos. upon Job; being the sum of 316 Lects., 1669, | 1844, Svo.
fol.
Hutchings, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1810, 8vo.
Hutchins, Hutchin, or Hutchings, Edward,
pub. several serms. and theolog. treatises. See Bliss's
Wood's Athen. Oxon., ii. 452-453.
Hutchins, John, 1698-1773, a native of Bradford-
Peverel, educated at Balliol College, was Rector of the
Church of the Holy Trinity at Wareham. Hist. and Antiq.
of County of Dorset, Lon., 1774, 2 vols. fol. Posth. 2d ed.,
corrected and augmented and improved by R. Gough and
John B. Nichols, 1796-1815, 4 vols. fol., £50; large paper,
£70. A most valuable work. See Upcott's Eng. Topog.
Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Bibl. Top. Brit., No. 34; Nichols's
Lit. Anec.; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol.
lxxxi.
2. A Topog. Descrip. of Virginia, Penna., Maryland,
and N. Carolina, Lon., 1778, Svo, pp. 67; 3 Plates. In
French, Paris, 1781. 3. Hist, Narrative, and Topog.
scrip. of Louisiana and West Florida, Phila., 1784, pp. 94.
4. Three papers in Phil. Trans., 1775, '76, 'S3. 5. Paper
in Trans. Amer. Soc., ii. 50.
Hutchinson. Authority of Councils, Lon., 1687, Svo.
See Gibson's Preservative, v. 137.
Hutchinson, Rev. B. 1. On the Dryness of the
Year 1788; Phil. Trans., 1789. 2. Of a Luminous Arch
ibid., 1790.
Hutchinson. Commercial Restraints of Ireland, 17-.
Very rare. Burned by the common hangman. The
Rt. Hon. Henry Flood once said that he would give a
thousand guineas for a copy, rather than that his library
should be without the book.
Hutchinson, Mrs. Early Education of Children,
Early Education of Children,
Lon., 1854, 12mo.
Hutchinson, Benjamin, of the Company of Sur-
geons, London. Biographia Medica, Lon., 1789, 2 vols.
Svo. This is an account of Medical Characters of all
ages, with lists of their works. 2. Tartarized Antimony,
Mem. Med., 1799.
Hutchinson, A. See HoWARD, V. E.
Hutchinson, Alexander C., M.D. 1. Operation
for Popliteal Aneurisms, Lon., 1811, Svo. 2. Con. to
Medico-Chirurg. Trans., 1811, '13, '14.
Hutchinson, Cyril. Two Serms., Lon., 1837, 8vo.
Hutchinson, Enoch. Ublemann's Syriac Gram-
mar; trans. from the German, with addits., Phila., 1856,
8vo, pp. 367.
Hutchinson, Francis, d. about 1739, minister of
Bury St. Edmund's, Suffolk, Bishop of Down and Connor,
1720. He pub. three serms., 1692, '98, 1707; a View of
the pretended Spirit of Prophecy, &c., 170S, Svo; and
the following works: 1. Life of Archbishop Tillotson,
1718. Abridged in Wordsworth's Eccles. Biog. 2. An
Historical Essay on Witchcraft, 1718, 8vo; 2d ed., with
addits., 1720, 8vo. A curious work, containing a chro-
nological table of those who were burnt as witches in New
England, &c. From p. 95 to 122 (of 2d ed.) we have an
account of the witchcraft-history of Salem, Boston, and
Andover. 3. Defence of the Ancient Historians relative
to Ireland, G. Brit., and other Northern Nations, Dubl.,
1734, 8vo.
Hutchinson, Henry.
Drainage of Land, Lon.,
"The works of Hutchinson are entitled to notice, as their
author was the founder of a school of philosophy and theology to
which some of the most celebrated men of the last century be
Hutchins, Richard, D.D., d. 1781, Vicar of Cul-
worth. 1. III. Discourses, 1771. 2. X. Serms., 1782, Svo.
Hutchins, Thomas, 1730?-1789, Chaplain R. Army,
subsequently Geographer-General of the United States,
was a native of Monmouth, New Jersey. 1. Boquet's Ex-
pedit. against the Ohio Indians, Phila., 1765; Lon., 1766,longed. However absurd many of its speculations seem to be,
4to, pp. 14 and 71; 5 Plates. Two of the plates are from
there must be a plausibility in the leading principles of a system
which engaged the attention and support of such men as Pre
designs by Benjamin West. In French, Amster., 1769. sident Forbes and Bishop Horne, Mr. Parkhurst and Bishop
Horsley. The leading idea of Hutchinson is that the Hebrew
Scriptures contain the elements of all rational philosophy as well
as of genuine religion. That philosophy he opposes to the New
tonian; and hence he wrote his Moses Principia, or a commentary
on the Mosaic account of the creation and the deluge. His Moses
sine Principio contains an account of the fall, and of other sub-
"The accounts here laid before the public appear to be perfectly
authentic, and they are drawn up with equal perspicuity and ele-
gance."-Lon. Month. Rev.
De-Jects connected with it. Ilis work on the confusion of tongues
is very ingenious; in which he attempts to prove that it was not
a diversity of language, but of religion, which took place at Babel.
His Trinity of the Gentiles gives a view of ancient mythology
and idolatry considered chiefly as a corruption of the true religion,
In the Covenant of the Cherubim he gives a view of the perfection
for the redemption of man.
of the Hebrew Scriptures, and of the Covenant of the Divine Three
Hutchinson is an obscure, and, at the
same time, a most dogmatical and abusive, writer. It is often ex-
ceedingly difficult to ascertain his meaning, and still more diffi-
cult to acquiesce in it when ascertained. That he and his scholars
have contributed considerably to the interpretation of the Bible,
it would be wrong to deny. They have done a good deal, at the
same time, to injure and clog the science of criticism."-Orme's
Bill. Bib.
"The contents show a very sound professional knowledge, with
a correct judgment on the practical subject.”—Donaldson's Agri-
cult. Bing.
Hutchinson, John, 1671-1737, a layman, the
founder of the Hutchinsonian school of Biblical interpreta-
tion, a native of Spennithorne, Yorkshire, was educated
at the village school, and subsequently became steward
His Philosophical and Theological Works were pub. by
and afterwards riding-purveyor to the Duke of Somerset.
Julius Bate and Robert Spearman, Lon., 1749–65, 12 vols.
Sro. The Contents of these vols. are as follows. 1 and 2.
Moses's Principia. 3. Moses sine Principio. 4. The Con-
Treatise on Power, Essential and Mechanical.
fusion of Tongues and Trinity of the Gentiles. 5. A
6. Glory
or Gravity, Essential and Mechanical. 7. The Hebrew
Writings Complete. S and 9. The Religion of Satan, or
by the Data in Christianity. 10. The Human Frame; or,
Anti-Christ delineated; also, The Use of Reason recovered
Agents that circulate the Blood explained. 11. Glory
the Supp. to Hutchinson's Works, by Robert Spearman,
Mechanical. 12. Tracts. To these vols. should be added
1765, Svo. For an account of the Hutchinsonian system,
Bate, 1751, Svo; An Abstract of the Works of John
see A Defence of John Hutchinson's Tenets, by Julius
Hutchinson, Esq., being a Summary of his Discoveries in
Philosophy and Divinity, (by Robert Spearman.) Edin.,
1755, 12mo; Analysis of Hutchinsonianism, by Wm.
Jones, of Nayland, in Pref. to his 2d ed. of the Life of
Bishop Horne; Floyd's Bibliotheca Biographica, end of
vol. iii., (by Robert Spearman;) Orme's Bibl. Bib.; art.
and in this Dictionary.
BATE, JULIUSs, and Works there cited, in Watt's Bibl. Brit.
་
"I have been in the habit of considering Hutchinsonianism as
that has occurred to me to read on that system has confirmed
a tissue of fancies unsupported by reason or Scripture; and all
that impression.”—Robert Hall: Works, ed. 1853, v. 534.
Hutchinson attacks Dr. John Woodward's Essays to-
927
HUT
HUT
wards a Natural History of the Earth, as well as the
Principia of Sir Isaac Newton.
Hutchinson, Rev. Julius. See HUTCHINSON,
Lucy.
Hutchinson, Rev.
Rev. John. See HUTCHINSON,
THOMAS.
Hutchinson, Lucy, b. 1619-20 a daughter of Sir
Allan Apsley, and widow of Col. John Hutchinson, the
Governor of Nottingham Castle and town, and one of the
judges of Charles I., wrote Memoirs of her husband's
life and of her own, which were all first pub. from her
MS. by their descendant, the Rev. Julius Hutchinson,
1806, Lon., 4to; 1810, 4to; 1810, 2 vols. Svo; 1846, sq.,
(Bohn's Stand. Lib., vol. xiii.)
"We have not often met with any thing more interesting and
curious than this volume."-LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Rev., xiii.
25. q. v.
See also his review of the Memoirs of Lady Fanshawe,
Edin. Rev., 1. 75-85; and FANSHAWE, ANN HARRISON,
LADY, in this Dictionary.
"I have seldom been so deeply interested by any book as this."
-ROBERT SOUTHEY: Life and Corresp.
"Our readers probably remember what Mrs. Hutchinson tells
us of herself," &c.-T. B. MACAULAY: Crit, and Hist. Essays,
1854, ii. 292.
"Great is the praise due to the fluent and naïve style of the
author of the Memoirs of Colonel Hutchinson. The author was
the wife and widow of the colonel,-a woman of equal spirit,
talent, and virtue."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp., 1825, 563.
The editor has not exaggerated when he recommends his book
to the ladies as more entertaining than most novels."—Lơn. Crit.
Rev.
"A book of singular interest and importance."-Censura
Literaria.
"A valuable addition to our records, and justly entitled to
stand by the side of Rushworth, Clarendon, and Ludlow."-Lon.
Month. Rev.
Hutchinson, Samuel, d. 1780, Bishop of Killala
and Achonry, 1759. Serin., Dubl., 1761, 4to.
Hutchinson, T. J. Narrative of the Niger,
Tsbadda, and Binue Expedition, Lon., 1855, 16mo.
“A useful contribution to the history of African enterprise."-
Lon. Athenæum, 1856, pp. 548–549.
Hutchinson, Thomas, D.D., Preb. of Chichester.
Serms, and theolog. treatises, 1738, '45, '46.
of Hutchinson's Hist., bringing the history from 1748
down to 1765, was written by George Richards Minot, and
pub. vol. i., Bost., 1798, Svo; vol. ii., 1803, 8vo. To Hutch-
inson's History the collector must add (2.) A Collection
of Original Papers relative to the Hist. of the Colony of
Massachusetts Bay, Bost., 1769, 8vo, pp. 576. These were
pub. by Hutchinson
*
See also Oxford Review: Hallam's Constit. Hist. of
England, ed. 1854, ii. 324, 366.
more.
"Ile laboured hard in the field of our colonial antiquities, pro
Hutchinson, Lucy. Christian Religion, 1817.
ducing for a result two volumes of early history, which will ever
Hutchinson, Michael, D.D. Serm., (1716?) Svo.
be considered a mine of wealth by all future historians and anti-
Hutchinson, Richard Hely, Earl of Donough-quaries; though their minuteness of detail and fidelity of research
2. Do.,
1. Speech in H. of Lords, 1810, 8vo.
will not compensate with most general readers for their length
and moderate literary execution.”—N. Amer. Rev., xlvi. 137.
1812, Svo.
"He wrote a good substantial history. It has been well con
Hutchinson, Roger, d. 1555, an early Reformer, tinued by Minot."-Blackw. Mag., xvii. 58: American Writers,
Fellow of St. John's Coll., Camb., 1543, and of Eton
Coll., 1550. Theolog. Works, edited for the Parker Soc.
by John Bruce, Camb., 1842, 8vo.
No. 4.
•
If I am at all able to judge, he is a man of profound under-
standing, of singular learning, and yields scarcely to any one in
strictness of life and clear judgment of religion: he is true-
hearted, and is most strenuously averse from popery."-ROGER
ASCHAM.
Hutchinson, Thomas. Xenophontis Opera Græcæ
et Latine, cum Notis Variorum, Oxon., 1727-35, 2 vols. 4to.
(See also Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1994-95.) Spelman highly
commends this edit. See also Harwood's View of the
Greek and Roman Classics; Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed.
1825, 143.
To support and elucidate the principal facts related in the first
part of the History of Massachusetts Bay, and may serve as an
appendix to it.... The author of that history was possessed of
many other ancient and very curious original papers, which are
irrecoverably lost by an unfortunate event, sufficiently known.".
The reference here is to the destruction of his papers at
the time of the Stamp Act riots in Boston, in 1765. Hutch-
inson also pub. some political pamphlets. See Warren;
Minot; the Histories of this period; Allen's Amer. Biog.
Dict.; Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova; Review of Hutchinson's
3d volume, in N. Amer. Review, xxxviii. 134-158; Review
Amer. Rev., xi. 31-37, (by Edward Everett;) Review of
of Dr. Hosack's Memoir of Dr. Hugh Williamson, in N.
Hubbard's Hist. of New England, in N. Amer. Rev., ii.
223, (by James Savage ;) Review of Documentary Hist.
of the Revolution, in N. Amer. Rev., xlvi. 477–178, (by
George Bancroft;) HUBBARD, WILLIAM, in this Dictionary.
"Hutchinson, whose writing is more worthy of the dignified
title of history than any other American composition during our
colonial state."-JAMES SAVAGE: ubi supra.
.S
The only monument of his mind is his History of Massachu
setts, written with lively inquisitiveness and a lawyer-like criti-
cism; though without a glimpse of the great truths which were
the mighty causes of the revolutions he describes. He was philo-
sophie, if to know somewhat of the selfish principles in man bə
philosophy; otherwise he was blind, except to facts."-GEORGE BAN-
CROFT: ubi supra.
The reputation of Governor Hutchinson's History of Massa-
chusetts rests on the solid basis of utility and truth. As a full,
correct, and faithful account of the rise and progress of an import-
ant portion of our country, it is of inestimable value."-Judge
DAVIS.
Hutchinson, Lt.-Col. W. N. Dog-Breaking; the
most Expeditious, Certain, and Easy Method, Lon., 1848,
'50, fp. Svo.
"A more opportune. a pleasanter, a more useful book to the
sportsman than this has not been published for many a day. The
author is a practical man, and almost every thing he writes about
dog-breaking may be relied on. He is most varied and minute,
has forgotten nothing; and the many things he teaches, he teaches
well.”—Bell's Life.
Hutchinson, Wm. Seamanship, 1777, '91, 4to.
Hutchinson, Wm. 1. Oration at Free-Masons' Hall,
Lon., 1778, 4to. 2. Excursion to the Lakes in Westmore-
land and Cumberland, &c., 1776, Svo. 3. View of North-
umberland, &c., Newcast., 1778-80, 2 vols. 4to. 4. Hist.
and Antiq, of the County Palatinate of Durham, 1785–94,
3 vols. 4to. 5. Hist. of the County of Cumberland, &c.,
Carlisle, 1794-98, 4to. 6. Antiq. in Lancashire; Archæol.,
1789. See Upcott's Eng. Topog.
Hutchinson, Wm. The Spirit of Masonry; new
ed., with Notes, by the Rev. Geo. Oliver, Lon., 1843, 12mo.
Hutchison, John, M.D. Tetanus; Mem. Med.,
1789,
Hutchinson, Thomas, 1711-1780, graduated at
Harvard College, 1727; Chief-Justice of the Province
of Massachusetts, 1760; Lieutenant-Governor, 1758-71;
Governor, 1771-74. He was superseded by General Gage,
May 13, 1774, and on the first of the following month
sailed for England, where he was in the receipt of a pen-
sion until his death at Brompton, June 3, 1780. He was
very unpopular in Massachusetts on account of his oppo-
sition to the principles of American liberty; and his dis-
grace was completed by the publication of some of his
private letters, of the same tendency, to an ex-member of
the British Parliament. These, with some others, were
discovered in England by Benjamin Franklin, and by him
sent back to Massachusetts to Dr. Cooper, with an injune-
tion that they should not be copied nor published. 1. The
Hist. of the Province of Massachusetts Bay from 1628 to
1749, vol. i., Bost., 1764, 8vo; Lon., 1765, Svo. The date
1760 which appears on some title-pages is erroneous. Vol.
ii., Bost., 1767, Svo; Lon., 1768, 8vo; 3d ed. of vols. i.
and ii., with addit. Notes and Corrects., Salem, Mass., 1775,
2 vols. 8vo. Vol. iii., being a Continuation from 1749 to
1774, now first printed from the author's MSS., by his
grandson, the Rev. John Hutchinson, of Trentham, Eng-
land, Lon., 1829, 8vo. A continuation of vols. i. and ii. Royal
A continuation of vols. i. and ii.
Hutchison, Robert. Ulcers; Ess. Med., 1744.
Huthersall, John. English Grammar, 1814, 18mo.
Hutt, Wm., M. P. Key to Agricultural Prosperity,
Lon., 1838, 8vo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Hutten, Henry. See HUTTON.
Hutten, Leon, D.D. 1. Answer to the Cross in Bap-
tism, Oxon., 1605, 4to. 2. The Antiquities of Oxford, pub.
by Thomas Hearne, Oxf., 1720, Svo.
Hutten, Robert. See HUTTON.
Hutter, E.W., Lutheran pastor, Philadelphia, Penna.,
co-editor of the Lutheran Home Journal.
Huttman, Wm. Life of Christ, Lon., 1818, 8vo.
Hutton. Freezing of Alcohol; Nic. Jour., 1813.
Hutton, Catherine, a daughter of William Hutton,
of Birmingham. 1. The Miser Married; a Novel, Lon,
1813, 3 vols. 12mo. 2. The Life of Wm. Hutton, &c.,
written by himself, pub. by C. H., 1816, Svo. See HUTTON,
WILLIAM. 3. The Tour of Africa; selected from the best
Authors, 1819-21, 3 vols. 8vo.
Hutton, Charles. Serm., Lon., 1686, 4to.
Hutton, Charles, LL.D., 1737-1823, a native of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, was Mathematical Professor to the
Royal Military Academy at Woolwich from 1773 until
928
HUT
HUT
1806, when he retired upon a pension of £500 per annum.
Hiis principal works are (1.) Treatise on Mensuration, Lon.,
1771, 4to; 11th ed., by Maynard, 1850, 12mo. 2. Miscel-
lanca Mathematica, 1775, 12mo. 3. The Diarian Miscel-
lany: from the Lady's Diary, 1704-73, with addits.,
Lon., 1776, 6 vols. 12mo. 4. Mathematical Tables, 1785,
8vo. New ed., by Olinthus Gregory, (q. ".,) 1830, 8vo;
11th ed., 1849, r. 8vo. 5. Compendious Measurer, 1786,
12mo. New ed., with a Key, Dubl., 12mo. 6. Tracts,
Mathemat. and Philos., 1786, 4to. New ed., with im-
provements, &c., 1812, 3 vols. 8vo.
"The tracts before us relate to a great variety of subjects. Some
of them have already appeared in the Philosophical Transactions,
or in detached works, but are now greatly modified and improved:
and the volumes contain so much that is valuable, and indeed so
much that is new, that we are inclined to enter somewhat at large
into an analysis of their contents."-Lon. Quur. Rev., ix. 400-418;
also reviewed in Edin. Rev., xxii. 88-107.
7. Elements of Conic Sections, &c., 1787, Svo.
"Un modèle de precision et de clarté."-MONTUCLA.
8. A Mathemat. and Philos. Dictionary, 1795–96, 2 vols.
4to.
New ed., with addits. and improvements, 1815, 2
vols. 4to.
"It has supplied all subsequent works of that description, and
even the most voluminous Cyclopædias, with valuable materials,
both in the sciences and in scientific biography."—Lon. Gent. Mug.,
March, 1823; Memoir of the late Dr. Hulton.
logy, in Answer to the Illustrations, &c. Ir. the hands
of Professor Playfair we may safely leave the scientific
reputation of Dr. Hutton. Playfair's biographical ac-
count of his "guide, philosopher and friend" will bo
found in Trans. Soc. Edin., 1803, vol. v. p. 39. Or, as
this work is not easily accessible, see a memoir of Dr.
Hutton, based upon the above, in Chambers and Thom-
son's Biog. Diet. of Eminent Scotsmen, ed. 1855, iii. 175–
182; see also Huttonian and Neptunian Geology,-a
review of Dr. Murray's Comparative View, by Lord
Jeffrey,-in Edin. Rev., ii. 337-348; Sir Archibald Alison's
Hist. of Europe, 1815-52, chap. v.; Dr. Hutton and his
System, Blackw. Mag., i. 232; A Word to Huttonian and
Wernerian Disputants. Blackw. Mag., iii. 583-585; Watt's
Bibl. Brit., articles Hutton, James, Lue, John Andrew
De; Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. Dr. Hutton seems to
have entertained a fraternal sympathy with all who were
engaged in the laudable design of enlarging the bounds
of human knowledge:
"He would rejoice over Watt's improvements on the steam-
engine, or Cook's discoveries in the South Sea, with all the
warmth of a man who was to share in the honour or profit about
to accrue from them.”—Prof. PLAYFAIR : ubi supra.
!
supra.
See also Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, ed. 1854, ii. 219.
Hutton, F. H., Vicar of Leckford, Hants. 1. Dis-
courses, Lon., 1833, Svo. 2. Serms., 1835, Svo.
Hutton, George. Amantes; a Nov., Lon., 1794,
12mo.
Hutton, George, D.D. Serms., &c., Lon., 1798-1809.
Hutton, George. Theory and Practice of
metic, Lon., 12mo. Abridged for Ladies, 18mo. Highly
commended. 2. Manual of Arithmetic, 1844, 12mo; 6th
,
9. A Course of Mathemat., 1798, 2 vols. Svo; vol. iii.,
1801, 8vo. 12th ed., by O. Gregory and T. S. Davies, 1840,
2 vols. 8vo. 13th ed., by Wm. Rutherford, 1846, 8vo. 14th
ed., by Wm. Rutherford, 1854, Svo. Key to Rutherford's
Hutton, (13th ed., 1846,) by J. Hickie, 1849, Svo. There
was a Key pub. by D. Dowling, which applied to an old
edit. in 3 vols. Solutions of Hutton's Mathemat., by T. S.
Davies, 1840, 8vo. Hutton's Mathemat., in Arabic, Pt. 1,
4to. 10. Recreations in Mathemat. and Natural Philos.,
1802, 4 vols. 8vo. New ed., by E. Riddle, 1840, Svo; again,
1854, 8vo. 11. Philos. Transac. of the Royal Soc., abridged
by C. Hutton, Geo. Shaw, M.D., and R. Pearson, M.D.,
1801-09, 18 vols. 4to. A list of Hutton's papers in Phil.
Trans. will be found in Watt's Bibl. Brit., and a Memoir
of his Life was pub. in Lon. Gent. Mag., 1823, Pt. 1, 228-
232, 296. In this Memoir occurs an interesting letter
from Lord-Chancellor Eldon to Lieut.-Gen. Hutton, Royal
Army, son of the mathematician, acknowledging the
benefits which he had derived from Dr. Hutton's instruc-
tions when his pupil.
"He [Dr. Hutton will long be remembered by a country so
essentially benefited by his life and works."-LORD ELDON: ubi
|
ed., 1854, 12mo.
Hutton, Henry. 1. This World's Folly. Lon., 1615,
4to. 2. Follie's Anatomie; or, Satyres and Satyricall
Epigrams, &c., Lon., 1619, sin. Svo, pp. 66. Bibl. Anglo-
Poet., £10 10s., q. v.
Hutton, James, M.D., 1726-1797, called the author
of the Plutonian Theory of Geology, a native of Edin-
burgh, took his medical degree at Leyden in 1749. On
his return home he became a zealous student of agricul-
ture and geology, and gave the first-fruits of his researches
to the world in 1777, under the title of Considerations on
the Nature, Quality, and Distinctions of Coal and Culm,
Edin., Svo. In 1792 he pub. Dissertations on different
subjects in Natural Philosophy, 4to; in 1794, Dissertation
upon the Philosophy of Light, Heat, and Fire, Svo; in
the same year, An Investigation of the Principles of
Knowledge, and of the Progress of Reason from Sense
to Science and Philosophy, 3 vols. 4to; and in 1795,
Theory of the Earth, with Proofs and Illustrations, 2 vols.
Svo. This is a collection, with additions, of his papers on
this subject in the Edin. Phil. Trans. His theory, as com-
municated in the above papers, had been warmly attacked
by Dr. Kirwan, in the Memoirs of the Irish Academy.
The day that Hutton read Kirwan's attack he commenced
the preparation of the MS. of the above two vols. for the
press. Professor John Playfair zealously espoused Hut-
ton's cause, and pub. in 1802, Svo, Illustrations of the
Huttonian Theory of the Earth. This work was reviewed
in the same year by Dr. John Murray, in A Comparative
View of the Huttonian and Neptunian Systems of Geo-
Hutton, James H. 1. Serm., Exeter, 1797, 4to.
2. Horæ Ecclesiasticæ, 1808, vol. i., 12mo.
Hutton, Joseph, Jr. Reaping-Hook; Nic. Jour.,
i
1811.
Hutton, Joseph,1787-1828, of Philadelphia. Poems.
Hutton, Luke. The Blacke Dogge of Newgate,
Lon.. 4to, 8. a. A poetical black-letter tract.
Hutton, Matthew, 1546-1605, Bishop of Durham,
1589; trans. to York, 1594. 1. Serm., Lon., 1579, 16mo.
2. Explicatio de Electione, Prædestinatione, ac Reproba-
tione, cui præmittuntur Lambethani Articuli, Hardrov.,
1613, 4to.
Hutton, Matthew, d. 1758, Bishop of Bangor, 1743;
Archbishop of York, 1747; trans. to Canterbury, 1757.
Occasional serms., pub. separately, 1741, '44, '45, '46, '17.
Hutton, R. N. 1. Recollections of Rugby, Lon.,
12mo. 2. Five Years in the East, 1847, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
Highly commended. 3. Jealousy; a Nov., 1848, 3 vols.
p. Svo.
Hutton, Richard. Lexicon Latino-Græco-Angli-
cum, ad Gul. Morelii Archetypum accuratissime ex usum,
Lon., 1583.
Hutton, Robert. The Summe of Divinitie; from
the Latin, Lon., 1548, 12mo; 1560, '61, '67, 16mo.
Arith-Hutton, Thomas. Subscrip. to C. Prayer, 1605, 4to.
4th ed., Lon., 1821, 12mo.
Hutton, Rev. W. The Book of Nature Laid Open;
Amer. ed., revised by Rev.
4th ed., Lon., 1821, 12mo.
John L. Blake. D.D., N. York, 1smo.
Hutton, William, 1723-1815, a bookseller of Bir-
mingham. rose by perseverance and industry from poverty
to affluence. In his last work-A Trip to Coatham-
written in his eighty-sixth year, he tells us—
“I took up my pen, and that with fear and trembling, at the
advanced age of fifty-six, a period when most would lay it down.
I drove the quill thirty years, during which time I wrote and
published thirty books.”
Hutton, Sir Richard, d. 1639, made Serjeant,
1603; a Justice of the Common Pleas, 1618. 1. Argu-
ments by him and Sir Geo. Coke, Lon., 1641. 4to. 2.
Reports, 15 Jac. I.-15 Car. I., 1612-39, fol., 1656; 2d
ed., 1682, fol. Respecting this work and Hutton's MS.
Reports, see Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 179, 377,
378.
His works were originally pub. from 1782 to 1810. A
collective ed. of his Works was pub. in 1817, in S vols. Svo,
consisting of-Vol. I. His Life, written by himself; Jour-
ney to London; 2d edition. II. History of Birmingham.
III. Courts of Requests, and Dissertation on Juries and
Hundred Court. IV. Battle of Bosworth Field; 2d edit.,
with Additions by Nichols. V. History of Derby; De-
scription of Blackpool. VI. History of the Roman Wall.
VII. Remarks on North Wales; Tour to Scarborough,
with A Survey of York. VIII. Trip to Coatham.
He also pub. The Barbers; a Poem, 1793, Svo; Edgar
and Elfrida; a Poem, 1794, Svo. There has been a new
ed. of his Poems, chiefly Tales, Svo; and, since the col-
lective ed. of his Works was pub., there have been new
eds. of the Court of Requests, 1840, Svo; his Life, by
himself, 1841, sq.; Trip to Redear and Coatham, 1841,
Svo. His topographical works are valued for the vast
amount of minute details which they contain. See his
autobiography, a curious and amusing work; Lon. Month.
Rev., Ixxxii. 202; Blackw. Mag., i. 413-414.
Hutton, William. Voyage to Africa, Lon., 1821,
Svo. A valuable work, with public documents.
59
929
11UX
İML
Hyde, Henry, Second Earl of Clarendon. See CLA-
RENDON, HENRY HYDE.
Hyde, Henry, Lord Hyde and Cornbury. See
CLARENDON, HENRY HYDE.
Hyde, Thomas, D.D., 1636-1703, a native of Shrop-
shire, was admitted of King's Coll., Camb., 1652; of Queen's
Coll., Oxf., 1658; succeeded Henry Stubbe as Principal
Keeper of the Bodleian Library; Preb. of Salisbury, 1666;
Archdeacon of Gloucester, 1678; succeeded Dr. Edward
Pocock as Laudian Professor of Arabic at Oxford, 1691;
Regius Professor of Hebrew, and Canon of Christ Church,
1697. He was a man of vast erudition, especially in the
Eastern tongues, and pub. a number of learned works, an i
Phy-projected many more. Among the best-known of his pub-
lications are (1.) Catalogus Impressorum Librorum in
Bibliotheca Bodleiana, Oxon., 1674, fol. New ed., chiefly
prepared by Thos. Hearue, 1738, 2 vols. fol. New ed.,
1843, 3 vols. fol.; vol. iv., 1850. 2. Quatuor Evangelica
et Acta Apostolorum, Lingua Malaica, Characteristibus
Europæis, Oxf., 1677, 4to. 3. De Ludis Orientalium, Heb.
et Lat., libri ii., 1689-94, Svo. 4. Veterum Persarum et
Medorum Religionis eorumque Magorum Historia, 1700,
4to: 2d ed., 1706, 4to. Best ed., 1760, 4to.
Huxham, John, M.D., 1694-1768, a native of Hal-
berton, Devonshire, the sou of a butcher, studied under
Boerhaave, at Leyden, and subsequently practised at Ply-
mouth, England. His principal works are-1. Observa-
tiones de Aëro et Morbis Epidemicis: vol. i., Lon., 1739,
Svo; vol. ii. 1752, Svo; vol. iii., pub. by his son, 1771,
Svo. For translations, see Watt's Bibl. Brit. 2. Essay
on Fevers, 1739, '50, '57, '64, '67, '69, Svo. Trans. into
Portuguese by order of the King of Portugal, 4to. 3.
Sore Throat, 1750, Svo. 4. Antimony, 1756, Svo. 5. Med.
papers in Phil. Trans., 1723–58. 6. Med. paper in Med.
Obs. and Ing., 1767. Á collective ed. of Huxham's works,
which have always been popular in Germany and France,
was pub. on the continent, under the title of Opera
sico-Medica. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Rees's Cyc.; Lives
of Brit. Physicians, Lon., 1830; Blewitt's Panorama of
Torquay; Polwhele's History of Devonshire.
Huxley, George. Book of Judgments in Real,
Personal, and Mixed Actions. Revised and corrected by
Geo. Townesend, Lon., 1674, Svo. Collected out of the
MSS. of Brownlow, Moyle, and Smythier, and cited as
First and Second Books of Judgments.
Huxley, Thomas Henry, distinguished naturalist.
History of the Oceanic Hydrozoa. In press, 1857. See
Knight's Eng. Cyc., Div. Biography, vol. vii., Supp.
Huxtable, Rev. A. On Manures, 1847, Svo.
"This writer has made his name known by scientific views on
various points of agriculture."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Huxtable, Rev. Edgar. 1. Exegetical Essay on
the first three Gospels, Lon., 1848, Svo. 2. Serms., 1854,
fp. 8vo.
Huyshe, Rev. Francis, pub. some treatises on the
authenticity of 1 John v. 7, S, Lon., 1827, 34, &c. See
Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Huyshe, J. M.
1855, 16mo.
Huyshe, John, of Brazennose College. Treat. on
Logic, on the basis of Aldrich, Lon., 12mo.
Bible Stories of Animals, Lon.,
Hyatt, John, 1767-1826, a Calvinist Methodist
preacher at Tottenham-Court Chapel and the Tabernacle,
London. 1. Serin., Ps. xxxvii. 5; 2d ed., Lon., 1810, Svo.
2. Serms. on Select Subjects; 2d ed., 1811, Svo. 3. Serms.
on the VII. Epistles in the Apocalypse, 1820, Svo. 4.
Serms, on Various Subjects; edited by his son, Charles
Hyatt, with a Life of the author, by the Rev. J. Morrison,
1826, 8vo; 2d ed., 1828, 8vo.
Hyatt, or Hyett, Wm. Guide in a Tour, &c. in the
Southeast of Devon, Lon., 1803, 12mno. Anon.
Hyde, Alvan, D.D., d. 1833, aged 66, of Lee, Mass.,
pub. a number of Sermons. See Amer. Quar. Reg., viii. 1;
N. York Lit. and Theolog. Rev., v. 544.
Hyde, Edward, Earl of Clarendon. See CLAREN-
DON, EDWARD HYDE.
Hyde, Edward, D.D., Fellow of Trin. Coll., Camb.,
and Rector of Brightwell, Berks. Theolog. treatises, Lon.,
1658, '59, '62.
Ibbetson, Mrs. Agnes, 1757-1823, a native of
London. Botanical Papers in Nic. Jour. and Phil. Mag.,
1809-17.
Ibbetson, James, D.D., 1717-1781, Preb. of Lincoln.
Theolog. treatises and serms., 1746-83.
Ibbetson, James, 1755-1790, son of the preceding.
Legal Dissertations, 1780-82.
Ibbetson, Julius C., d. 1817, a painter. An Acci-
dence; or, Gamut of Oil-Painting, 1805, Svo.
Ibbetson, Laporte, and J. Hassell.
Guide to Bath, &c., Lon., 1793, 4to.
Picturesque
Ibbetson, Richard, D.D. Serms., 1712-22.
Ibbot, Benjamin, D.D., 1680-1725, Preb. of West-
minster, 1724. 1. Serms. at the Boyle Lects., 1714-15,
δύο, 1727. 2. XXX. Discourses, 1726, 2 vols. 8vo. With
six more, and a Life, 1776, 2 vols. 8vo. He also pub. a
Trans. of a Treatise of Puffendorf, and wrote some verses.
"An ingenious and learned writer, and a judicious and useful
preacher."—DR. FLEXMAN.
I.
Iager, G. F., Lutheran pastor, Bucks county, Penna,
Leben des Andreas Jackson, aus dem Englischen ueber-
setzt, 1831.
Iden, Henry. Trans. of John Baptista Gelli's Circes,
Lon., 1557, 16mo.
"The variety and novelty of its contents gave this book a credit
which in some degree it preserves: but Hyde was ignorant of the
ancient language of Persia, and is said to have been often misled by
Mohammedan authorities. The vast increase of Oriental informa-
tion in modern times renders it difficult for any work of the seven-
teenth century to keep its ground."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
Idle, Christopher. Hints on Shooting, Fishing, &c.
both on Sea and Land, Lon., 1855, fp. Svo.
93J
5. Syntagma Dissertationum quæ olim separatim edidit.
Accesserunt nonnulla cjusdem opuscula hactenus inedita,
1767, 2 vols. 4to. Pub. by Dr. Gregory Sharpe, with the
Life of the Author, (q. v.) For further information respect-
ing Hyde and his works see Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit. ;
Genl. Dict.; Biog. Univer.; Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors,
ed. Lon., 1840, 174. Hyde rendered great service to Brian
Walton in the preparation of his Polyglott Bible.
Hyett, Wm. See HYATT.
Hygden, Ranulphus. See HIGDEN, RANulph.
Hyll, Albayn, M.D., d. in Lon., 1559, a native of
Wales or of Scotland, studied at Oxford, received his doc-
tor's degree on the Continent, and wrote a Commentary on
Galen.
Hyll, or Hylle, Thomas. See HILL.
Hylton, Walter. See HILTON.
Hynd, John. See HIND.
Hyndman, John, one of the ministers of the West
Kirk, Edinburgh. Serm., Prov. xiv. 34, Edin., 1761, Svo.
Hyneman, Leon, b. 1806, in Montgomery co., Pa.;
Editor of Masonic Mirror, Philadelphia, since 1850. The
Origin of Freemasonry, &c., Phila., 1858, 8vo.
Hyrde, Richard. A uery frvtefvl and pleasaunt
boke, callyd the Instrvetion of a Christen Woman; made
fyrste in Latyne by the right famous Clerke Leues Vues,
and tvrned out of Latyne into Englysshe, Lon., 1540, '41,
'57, '92, 4to. The 5th chap. B. 1, entitled "What Bokes to be
redde and what nat," gives an account of ungracious bookes.
Iliff, Edward Henry, an actor. Angelo; a Nov.,
Lon., 1796, 2 vols. 12mo.
Iliff, Mrs. Edward Henry, wife of the preceding.
Poems on various subjects, 1808, 8vo.
Ilive, Jacob. The Book of Jasher, 1751, 4to. Re-
printed, Bristol, 1829, 4to. An account of this forgery
will be found in Horne's Bibl. Bib. Ilive, who was an
infidel printer of London, pub. some other works. Sce
Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Wilson's Hist. of Dissent. Churches.
Illenden, J. Gauger. Lon., 1771.
Illingworth, Rev. Cayley. Topog. Account of the
Parish of Scrampton, and antiquities, Lon., 1810, 8vo.
Illingworth, James, D.D. Acet. of the man whose
hands, &c. rotted off, Lon., 1678, 1751, 8vo.
Illingworth, James, D.D. Serms., 1781–95.
Illingworth, Wm. Laws of Forestalling, &c., 1800.
Ilsley, Charles. Taxing Attornies, 1804, Svo.
Ilsley, Charles P. Forest and Shore, Bost., 1856,
12mo. Highly commended.
Ilsley, Francis. The West India Interest considered,
1810, 8vo.
1810, 8vo. Refers to the cost of sugar.
Imber, Matt. Customs of Merdon, 1707.
Imeson, Wm. Court of Session, Lon., 1815, 8vo.
Imison, John. Elements of Art and Science; new
ed., by J. Webster, Lon., 1807, 2 vols. Svo. Other works.
Imlay, Capt. G., of the American army.
1. Topog
IMP
ING
Descrip. of the Western Territory of N. America, Lon.,
1792, '93, '97, 8vo. The 3d ed. embodies the works of
Filson, Hutchins, and other matter. The student of the
early history of the Western country should possess this
work. 2. The Emigrants; a Nov., 1793, 3 vols. 12mo.
Commended by the Lon. Month. Rev.
Impey, Elijah B. Poems, Lon., 1811-13.
Impey, John. 1. Instructor Clericalis: C. Pleas; 7th
ed., Lon., 1826, r. 8vo. 2. Instructor Clericalis: King's
Bench; 10th ed., 1823, 8vo. 3. Office of Sheriff, &c.; new
ed., by H. Jeremy, 1831, 8vo. 4. Modern Pleader; new
ed., 1814, r. 8vo. See 1 Lee's Dict., Pref., v.
Impey, Walter J. 1. Proceed. in K. B. and C. P.,
Lon., 1820, 8vo. 2. Bankrupt Act, 1825, 12mo.
2. Bankrupt Act, 1825, 12mo. 3. Ques.
on Prac. K. B. and C. P., 1825, 8vo. 4. General Stamp Act;
4th ed., 1839, 12mo.
Imray, Keith, M.D. Cyclopedia of Popular Medi-
cine, Lon., 1842, Svo; 1843, 8vo.
An excellent manual of the practice of medicine, translated
into the vernacular.”—Provincial Med. and Surg. Jour.
Iphical reminiscences, for which she was offered £1000 hy
Sir Richard Phillips, the publisher; but, acting by the
advice of her spiritual guide, Dr. Poynter, she destroyed
the MS. In 1833, however, Mr. Boaden pub. Memoirs
of Mrs. Inchbald, compiled from an autograph journai
which she had kept for above half a century. Of these
Memoirs a review, accompanied by copious extracts, will
he found in Lon. Gent. Mag., 1833, Pt. 2, 240-243, 332-
336. A biographical notice of Mrs. Inchbald, pub. at the
time of her death, will be found in the same periodical,
1821, Pt. 2, 184-185, 648. See also Mrs. Elwood's Lite-
rary Ladies of England: Allan Cunningham's Biog, and
Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years; Lon. Month.
Rev., cxxxi. 476; Fraser's Mag., viii. 536; N. Amer. Rev.,
xxxvii. 445, by F. A. Durivage.
Inchbald, P. Serm.. Lon., 1805, 8vo.
Imrie, Major. Geological papers in Trans. Soc.,
Edin., 1796, 1812; and in Nic. Jour., 1796.
Ince, Henry. 1. Outlines of English History, 18mo.
72,000 sold to 1854. New ed., 1855, 18ino. 2. Outlines
of French History; 7th ed., 1854, 18mo. 3. Outlines of
General Knowledge, 18mo. 11,000 sold to 1854.
Ince, Hugh. Trans. of Kimedoncius's work On the
Redemption of Mankind, Lon., 159S, 4to.
Ince, Richard, d. 1758, contributed several pieces to
the Spectator.
Inchbald, Mrs. Elizabeth, 1756–1821, a celebrated
actress, dramatist, and novelist, a native of Stanningfield,
Suffolk, where her father, Mr. Simpson, was a farmer, came
to London at the age of sixteen to seek an engagement
on the stage, and married Mr. Inchbald, an actor of some
reputation. The beautiful Mrs. Inchbald seems to have
trod the boards with unbounded applause from her first
appearance n the stage until her retirement in 1789.
From this period she supported herself by her literary
labours, which had commenced as early as 1781, although
her Comedy then written-I'll Tell You What-was not
performed until 1785. The first piece of her composition
which was played was the Farce of A Mogul Tale; or,
The Descent of the Balloon, which came out in 1784 at
the Haymarket Theatre. The following is a list of her
dramas: 1. A Mogul Tale; Farce, 1784. Not printed.
2. Appearance is against them; Farce, 1785, Svo. 3. I'll
Tell You What; Com., 1786, Svo. 4. Widow's Vow; Farce,
1786, Svo. 5. All on a Summer's Day; Com., 1787. Not
printed. 6. Animal Magnetism; Farce, 1788. Not printed.
7. The Child of Nature; Dram. Piece, 1788, Svo. S. Mid-tre,
night Hour; Com., 1788, Svo. 9. Such Things Are; Play,
1788, Svo. 10. Married Man; Com., 1789, Svo. 11. The
Hue and Cry; Farce, 1791. Not printed. 12. Next-Door
Neighbours; Com., 1791, Svo. 13. Young Men and Old
Women; Farce. Not printed. 14. Every one has his
faults; Com., 1793, Svo. 15. The Wedding Day; Com.,
1794, Svo. 16. Wives as they were, and Maids as they
are; Com., 1797, 8vo. 17. Lovers' Vows; Play, 1798, Sro.
18. Wise Man of the East; Play, 1799, Sro. 19. To Marry
or not to Marry; Com., 1805, Svo. Mrs. Inchbald also
edited a Collection of Plays, (The British Theatre,) with
Biographical and Critical Remarks, 25 vols., 1806-09; a
Collection of Farces and other After-pieces, in 7 vols. 12mo,
1809; and the Modern Theatre, 10 vols. 12mo, 1809. But
it is by her novels-A Simple Story, 1791, 4 vols. 12mo,
and Nature and Art, 1796, 2 vols. 12mo-that this excel-
lent woman is best known to the reading-world at large.
A notice of each of these works from eminent critics is all
for which we can find space :
My da
"I have just been reading for the third, I believe for the fourth,
time, The Simple Story. Its effect upon my feelings was as power-
ful as at the first reading: I never read any novel—I except nome,
—I never read any novel that affected me so strongly, or that so
completely possessed me with the belief in the real existence of
all the persons it represents. I never once recollected the author
whilst I was reading it; never said or thought, thol's a fine senti-
ment, or, that is well expressed.—or, that is well invented; 1 believed
all to be real, and was affected as I should be by the real scenes,
if they had passed before my eyes: it is truly and deeply pathetic.'
-MARIA EDGEWORTH.
"If Mrs. Radcliffe touched the trembling chords of the imagina-
tion, making wild music there, Mrs. Inchbald has no less power
over the spring of the heart. She not only moves the affections,
but melts us into all the luxury of woe.' ller Nature and Art
is one of the most interesting and pathetic stories in the world.
•
It is indeed too much so; the distress is too naked, and the situa-
tions hardly to be borne with patience."-HAZLITT: On the
lish Novelists.
Mrs Iuchbald had prepared four vols. of autobiogra-
Inchequin, Lord. Manifestation to the H. of Lords
cone. the Irish Rebels, Lon., 1644, 4to.
Incledon, Benj. Account of the Hospital of St.
Margaret; Archæol., 1796.
Inett, John, D.D., Precentor and Canon-Residentiary
of Lincoln. 1. Origines Anglicana; or, A Hist. of the
English Church from the Conversion of the Eng. Saxons
till the death of King John: vol. i., Lon., 1704, fol. ; ii.
Oxf., 1710, fol. New ed., by the Rev. John Griffiths,
late Fellow and Tutor of Wadham College, Lon., 1855,
3 vols. 8vo. This work is a continuation of Bishop Stil-
lingfleet's Origines Britannica. Extracts will be found
in Wordsworth's Eccl. Biog. 2. A Guide to the Devout
Christian; 11th ed., 1723, 12mo.
Ingersoll, C. M. English Grammar, Phila.
Ingersoll, Charles Jared, a member of the Phila-
delphia Bar, b. Oct. 3, 1782, at Philadelphia, is a son of
Jared Ingersoll, of Philadelphia, and a grandson of Jared
Ingersoll, of Connecticut, Stamp Commissioner. The sub-
ject of our notice was elected a member of the National
House of Representatives in 1812, and has, until within
the last seven or eight years, been actively engaged in
public life in various capacities. His principal literary
productions are the following:
About 1800, a poem, called Chiomara, published in the
Port-Folio, edited by Joseph Dennie. 1801. A tragedy, in
five acts, called Edwy and Elgiva, performed at the thea-
Chestnut Street. 1808. A pamphlet on the interna-
tional disputes, called the Rights and Wrongs, Power and
Policy, of the United States of America. 1810. A volume
entitled Inchiquin the Jesuit's Letters on American litera-
ture and politics. Reviewed in the Lon. Quar. Rev., x. 494–
539. See also Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 50. The review
in the London Quarterly was answered by James K. Pauld-
ing, in his United States and England, pub. in 1814.
1811-15. Numerous contributions, anonymous, to the De-
mocratic Press, Phila., and National Intelligencer, Wash-
ington, on the controversies with England which produced
the war declared in 1812. 1813-15. Several Speeches,
published in pamphlets, as member of Congress, concerning
that war. 1823. Discourse before the American Philoso-
phical Society on the influence of America on the mind.
Republished in England and France. 1827. The Address
of the Assembly of friends of domestic manufactures at
Harrisburg; and (1829) most of the address of the Na-
tional Assembly on that subject at New York. Transla-
tion of a French Work on the freedom of navigation and
commerce of neutral nations in time of war, vindicating
the law of nations that free ships make free goods: pub-
lished in the American Law Journal. 1830. Review of
Bourrienne's Memoirs, in American Quarterly Review.
1831. A dramatic tragic poem, in five acts, called Julian.
1838. Article on the Supreme Court of the United States, its
judges and jurisdiction, in the United States Magazine and
Democratic Review. 1835. A pamphlet entitled View of
River-Rights. 1837. In the Convention to reform the Cor-
stitution of Pennsylvania, Reports on Currency, Speeches,
published in pamphlets, on the Judiciary and Legislative
power over bank-charters. 1841-42, 44–48. Reports and
Speeches in Congress, published in pamphlets, on Tariff,
Bank, Mexico, Texas, and Oregon. Many Discourses and
Eng-Orations, published in pamphlets, on various subjects, lite-
rary and political. 1845-52. History of the War of 1812–15,
between Great Britain and the United States: in four vo
"}
Ingeland, Thomas. A Pretie and Mery new
Enterlude, called the Disobedient Child, Lon., 8. a., 4to.
Ingelden. Love and Marriage, Lon., 1765, 4to.
Ingelo, Nathaniel, D.D., d. 1683, pub. three Serms.,
1659-77, and wrote a religious romance entitled Bentivolio
and Urania, Lon., 1669, fol.; 1673, fol. See Harwood's
Alumni Etonenses.
-
-931
ING
ING
lumes. Vols. i. and ii. were reviewed in the Lon. Athenæum,
1853, 103-104.
The quotations that we have made suggest a concluding re-
mark as to Mr. Ingersoll's style. It is a rough, energetic style,
not deficient in happy and vivid expressions; but we have rarely
met with American writing more contemptuous not only of Eng
lish rules, but of the reader's respiratory conveniences.... The
book is hard to read because of the uncouthness of its forms."
—Ubi supra.
•
Whatever may be the peculiarities of Mr. Ingersoll's
style, the public are certainly indebted to him for much
valuable information, collected from original sources, and
first made known to the world through the medium of
these volumes.
For further information concerning Mr. Ingersoll and
his literary labours, see Duyckincks' Cyc. of Amer. Lit.;
N. Amer. Rev., xviii. 157–178, (by Jared Sparks ;) Ibid.,
xxii. 212–215; Democrat. Rev., (with portrait,) vi. 339;
Ibid., xvi. 221.
|
An excellent translation."-JUDGE STORY: Marit. Law, 7
N. Amer. Rev., 337. Sept. 1818, and in Miscell. Works, 1852, 109.
See notices of this accomplished scholar and excellent
man in Amer. Whig Rev., viii. 101, with portrait; South
Lit. Mess., iv. 165.
Ingham, Samuel. Med. treatises, Lon., 1762.
Ingleby, C. M. The Stereoscope, Lon., 1853, Svo.
Ingleby, John. Two med. treatises, both Svo.
Inglefield, Capt. Loss of the Centaur, 1783, Svo.
Inglefield, Ann. Her Justification, 1787, 8vo.
Inglefield, E. A. A Summer-Search for Sir John
Franklin, Lon., 1853, p. 8vo.
Inglis, Charles, D.D., d. 1816, aged 82, Rector of
Trinity Church, New York, 1777-83, was subsequently
Bishop of Nova Scotia. Religion and Loyalty; a serm.,
Lon., 1793, 8vo.
Inglis, Henry David, a Baptist divine of Edin-
burgh. 1. Two Letters on Grace, 1791, 8vo. 2. Serin.,
1792, 8vo.
Inglis, Henry David, 1795-1835, a native of Edin-
burgh, the son of a barrister, travelled extensively over
Europe, and gave the results of his observations to the
public. 1. Tales of Ardennes; last ed., 1841, r. 8vo. Pub.
under the name of II. Derwent Conway, (q. v.) 2. Solitary
Walks through many Lands; 3d ed., 1843, r. 8vo.
"It contains more information of a variety of countries than
any other book of travels of the same size that we know of."
Lon. Month. Mag.
3. Journey through Norway, Sweden, and Denmark,
1829; 4th ed., 1837, p. 8vo.
"A most delightful volume."-Lon. Lit. Gazette.
4. Tour through Switzerland, the South of France, and
the Pyrenees, 1830, 35, 2 vols. 18mo. 5. Spain in 1830,
6. The New Gil Blas; or, Pedro f Peñaflor, 3 vols. p.
Svo; again in 2 vols. p. Svo.
Those who want a few hours' pleasant reading are not likely
to meet with a book more to their taste.”—Lon. Athenæum.
7. A Journey throughout Ireland in 1834, 1834, 2 vola
P. Svo; 5th ed., 1838, p. Svo.
}
"The most striking and the most valuable characteristic of
this work is its strict honesty."-Lon. Athenæum, 833-835, 852-
$53.
Mr. Ingersoll is now (1856) engaged upon a History
of the Territorial Acquisitions of the United States.
Ingersoll, Edward. 1. Abridgt. of the Acts of
Congress now in Force, Phila., 1825, Svo. 2. Digest of
Laws of the U. States, 1789-1820, Phila., 1821, 8vo.
Ingersoll, Edward. 1. Hist. and Law of the Writ
of Habeas Corpus, with an Essay on the Law of Grand
Juries, Phila., 1849, Svo. 2. Addison on Contracts; new
ed., with Amer. Notes, 1857, r. 8vo, pp. 1200. Sec ADDI-
Sox, C. G. See also HALE, SIR MATTHEW, No. 4.
Ingersoll, Jared, 1722-1781, a native of Milford,
Conn., graduated at Yale College in 1742, and was ap-
pointed Stamp Commissioner in 1765. He was subse- tion;
He was subse-
quently made Admiralty Judge for the Middle District,
and resided some time in Philadelphia, but returned to
New Haven, where he died in August, 1781.
He was
present at the debate on the Stamp-Act, and on his return
home pub. a pamphlet on the subject, (New Haven, 1766,
4to.) which is now very rare, and has even escaped the
researches of Mr. Rich. Extracts from this pamphlet
will be found in a review of Lord Mahon's Hist. of Eng-
land, (by J. G. Palfrey,) N. Amer. Rev., lxxv. 141–143.
Ingersoll, Joseph Reed, a member of the Phila-
delphia Bar, grandson of the preceding, and brother of
Charles Jared Ingersoll, (ante,) was for many years an
influential member of the National House of Representa-
tives. For the last few years he has retired from public
life. In addition to a number of printed speeches and
addresses, political, literary, and philanthropic, Mr. In-
gersoll is favourably known as an author by his transla-
tion into English of Roccus's tracts De Navibus et Naulo,
and De Assecuratione, Phila., 1809, 8vo.
2 vols. 8vo, 1831.
• A work from which I have derived more information than
from all the state documents I ever perused."-Speech of Lord
Aberdeen.
So thought the members of Parliament; for it was fre-
quently quoted as authority during the debates on Ireland
in the session of 1835.
S. The Tyrol, with a Glance at Bavaria, 1834, p. 8vo;
2d ed. pub. within a month. 9. The Channel-Islands;
Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, &c., 1835, 2 vols. p. Svo;
again, 1 vol. p. Svo.
We know of few travellers with whom it is pleasanter to
journey in company than Mr. Inglis.”—Lon. Athenæum, 1834,
254-255.
··
10. Rambles in the Footsteps of Don Quixote, 1837, p.
Svo. This was originally pub. in parts in the London
New Monthly Magazine. An interesting biography of
this excellent writer will be found in Chambers and
Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, ed. 1855,
v. 318-320.
Inglis, or English, Sir James, d. 1554, is the
supposed author of The Complaynt of Scotland, a politi-
cal work, pub. originally at St. Andrews in 1548 or '49,
and repub. by Dr. Leyden. It is called the earliest Scot
tish prose-work in existence. See Leyden's ed. of Com-
playnt of Scot.; Mackenzie's Writers of the Scots Na-
tion; Irving's Scot. Poets; Lives of Eminent Scotsmen.
Inglis, James, D.D., of Baltimore, d. 1820. A vol.
of his poems was pub. after his decease.
Inglis, John, D.D., d. 1834, aged 71, one of the
ministers of the Greyfriars Church, Edinburgh, pub. twò
pamphlets in 1806, on one of Dugald Stewart's; and
more recently gave to the world a Defence of Ecclesiasti-
cal Establishments, and a Vindication of the Christian
Faith, Edin., 1830, Svo.
“Inglis's admirable View of the Evidences of Christianity."-
CHRISTOPHER NORTH: Noctes Ambrosianæ. See also Blackw. Mag.,
xxv. 109.
Inglis, Mrs. Richmond. Anna and Edgar; a
Tale, Edin., 1781. Svo.
cated at Christ Church, Oxford, first elected to Parlia-
Inglis, Sir Robert Harry, M.P., 1786–1855, edu-
ment in 1824, and from 1829 to '53 represented the
University of Oxford in that dignified body. Four of his
1825-28, and one on Universities and Dissenters, 1834.
Speeches were printed.-three on R. Catholic questions,
See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1855, Pt. 1, 640-641; Fraser's Mag;
Blackw. Mag., xviii. 487; xxiv. 811; xxix. 659, 660, 729,
Works, Lon., 1854, iii. 540.
730. 735; xxxi. 773; xlvi. 307; Sir James Mackintosh's
Ingmethorpe, Thomas. Two serms., 1598, 1619.
Ingoldsby, Thomas. See BARHAM, RICHARD
HARRIS.
Ingpen, Abel. British Insects, 12mo.
Ingpen, Wm.
4to.
:
Secrets of Numbers, Lon., 1642,
Ingraham, Edward D., a member of the Phila-
delphia Bar, d. 1854. 1. A View of the Insolvent Laws
of Pennsylvania; 2d ed., Phila., 1827, 8vo. 2. Gow on
See Gow, NEIL. 3. Vattel's Law of Nations; 7th Amer.
Partnership. with Notes and App. to 1844, Svo, 1837-45.
ed., from a new ed. by J. Chitty, 1852, Svo. See CHITTY,
Jos. 4. English Ecclesiastical Reports; from 1809 to
1835, 7 vols. This work is serial. Mr. Ingraham was
noted for his love of rare and curious books and prints;
February, 1855, is well worthy of the attention of the
and the catalogue of his library, sold in Philadelphia,
veritable bibliomaniac. A notice of Mr. Ingraham,
with a portrait, will be found in the Democratic Review,
XXV. 77.
Ingraham, Rev. J. H., now a clergyman of the
Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States, before
his ordination pub. a number of romances, among which
are The Southwest, Burton, Lafitte, Will Terrill, and
Since he entered the ministry, he has
published The Prince of the House of David; or, Three
Years in the Holy City, N. York, 1855, 12mo. See South.
Lit. Mess., ii. 593; iv. 561.
Ingram, Alexander, a teacher of Mathematics at
Leith, pub. works on mathematics, 1809-14, some of
which still keep their place in schools,-viz.: 1. Arithme-
tic: 24th ed., Lon., 1844, 18mo. 2. Algebra, .844, 12mo
3. Geometry and Trigonometry, 1850, 14mo. 4. Matbo-
932
ING
IRE
A
Ingram, Dale, d. 1793, pub. a number of medical
works, Lon., 1743-77.
puntics, by Trotter; 7th ed., 1845, 12mo. 5. Mensuration, | Memoir of James II. noticed in preceding article.
by Trotter, 1851, 12mo.
biographical account of Innes will be found in Chambers
and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1853,
iii. 183-187. Innes's Critical Essay was answered by
Andrew Waddell, Edin., 1733, 4to, and by Alex. Taitt,
1741, 12mo. Both of these answers will be found in vol.
i. of Scotia Rediviva, 1826, 8vo. Innes's Critical Essay
is a work of great value to the student of Scotch history:
Ingram, Edward James. Vindicia Lusitana:
rel. to Emigration to the Brazils, Lon., 1808, 8vo.
Ingram, Henry. A Poet, Lon., 1815, 8vo.
Ingram, James, D.D., 1774-1850, President of
Trin. Coll., Oxford, and Rector of Garsington, is favour-
ably known as an author by his Memorials of Oxford,
published in Pts., bound in 3 vols., 1834-35-37; new ed.,
1847, 2 vols. 8vo; and by his Trans. of the Saxon Chro-
nicle, 1823, 4to. He was the author of several other
publications, for an account of which, see Lon. Gent. Mag.,
1853, Pt. 2, 553–555.
Ingram, Robert, 1727-1804, a native of Yorkshire,
Vicar of Boxted, &c. 1. Isaiah's Vision, Lon., 1784, 8vo.
2. The Seventh Plagie, 1787, 8vo. 3. The Ten Tribes of
Israel in America, 1792, 8vo. See Rich's Bibl. Amer.
Nova, i. 379. 4. The Seven Vials, 1804.
:
Ingram, Robert Acklom, Rector of Seagrave, d.
1809, aged 47, pub. several serms., and an essay, 178S-
1800, four works on political economy, 1797, 1800, '08,
and a work on Methodism, which was reviewed by the
Rev. Sydney Smith in Edin. Rev., 1808, and in his
Works, 1854, i. 188–216.
Ingram, Rowland. 1. Reflec. on Duelling, Lon.,
1804, 8vo. 2. Serm., 1804.
Ingram, Wm. Poems, Aberd., 1812, 8vo.
Ings, E. Arrest on Mesne Process, &c., Lon., 1840,
12mo.
Inman, James. Algebra, 1810, Sro.
Innes, Alexander, D.D. Serms., 1717-28.
Innes, George. Militarie Rudiment, Aberd., 1644,4to.
Innes, George. XIV. Discourses, Lon., 1783, 12mo.
"Ilis discourses are plain, sober, and rational."-Lou. Crit. Rev.
Innes, Hugh. Divine Meditations, Glasg., 1756, Svo.
Innes, James. Idea Juris Scotici; or, A Sum-
mary View of the Laws of Scotland, Lon., 1773, 4to.
Innes, James D. Med. treatise, Lon., 1784, Svo.
Innes, John, M.D. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1731.
Innes, John. Annuities, Edin., 1741, 4to.
Innes, John, d. 1776, dissector in the Univ. of Edin.
1. Human Muscles, Edin., 1776, 12mo. By A. Munro,
M.D., 1778, 12mo. Other eds. 2. Anat. Tables of the
Human Body, 1776, 4to.
Innes, Louis, a R. Catholic priest, b. about 1650,
Principal of the Scotch College at Paris, and Parisian
secretary to James II., is said to have written the Memoirs
of James II., an abstract from which was used by JAMES
STANIER CLARKE (q. v.) in the work pub. by him, entitled
The Life of James II., &c. The original memoir, in 4 vols.
fol., MS., was destroyed, but a compendium was pre-
viously prepared, and it is to this we have reference in
the above remark. But see next article.
"Father Innes, of the Sorbonne, explored the antiq sities of bis
native country with a more rational spirit of criticism than any
of his predecessors. His Critical Essay is a work of real learning
and importance."-IRVINE.
Innes, Thomas, 1662-1744, a Roman Catholic priest,
brother of the preceding, and his successor in the office
of Principal of the Scotch College at Paris, was the author
of A Critical Essay on the Ancient Inhabitants of the
Northern Parts of Britain, in which he attacks with much
success the assertions of Fordun's Chronicle, and other
histories, respecting the antiquities of Scotland. He is
also supposed by some to have been the author of the
“Invaluable. His industry, coolness, judgment, and general
accuracy recommend him as the best antiquary that Scotland
has yet produced. His long account of the Scottish historiane is
exact. curious, and interesting."-Pinkerton's Scotland.
Innes, Wm. Bundle of Myrrhe; or, Three Medita-
tions of Tears, Lon., 1620, 8vo.
Innes, Wm., an Independent minister of Edinburgh,
1. Sketches of Human Nature, Edin., 1807, 12mo; 2d ed.,
1818. 2. The Christian Ministry, 1824, 8vo.
"This is extracted from various Evangelical authors."-Bicker-
steth's C. S.
Other theolog. works.
Ingulphus, a monastic historian, b. in London, about
1030, d. 1109, has long enjoyed the reputation of the
authorship of a work on the life and miracles of St.
Guthlac, and a History of the Monastery of Croyland,
626-1089. The latter, which embodies many particulars
relating to English history, was pub. by Sir Henry Savile,
in the Rerum Anglicarum Scriptores post Bedam præcipui,
'Lon., 1596, fol.; Franc., 1601, fol.; and entire, with Peter
of Blois's continuation, (1090-1117,) in the Rerum Angli-
carum Scriptorum veterum, Oxon., 1684, fol., tom. i. A
new ed., edited by Mr. H. T. Riley, has been recently
pub., 1854, p. Svo, in Bohn's Antiq. Lib., vol. xxix. But,
unfortunately for the fame of Ingulphus, it has been
proved (by Sir Francis Palgrave first, in the Lon. Quar.
Rev., and by Thomas Wright, in Biog. Brit. Lit.) that this
history is a forgery. See these authorities, and Hallam's
Lit. Hist. of Europe, ed. Lon., 1854, i. 16, and 27, n. In
the history it is stated that its reputed author, Ingulpbus,
also wrote a life of St. Guthlac; but no such book is known
to exist, nor is it mentioned by any other authority.
Inkersley, Thomas. On the Styles of Roman and
Pointed Architecture in France, Lon., 1850, 8vo.
« Executed with great diligence and scholarly candour."-Lon.shire.
Spectator.
Inskip, John S., b. 1816, at Bedfordshire, England,
emigrated to the U. States in early life. 1. Remarkable
Display of the Mercy of God in the Conversion of a
Family from Infidelity. 2. Life of Rev. Wm. Summers, a
Blind Man, Balt. 3. Methodism Explained and Defended,
Cincin.
Studies of the Architect, from Nature, 4to. 2. Erectheion
Inwood, Henry William, son of the succeeding. 1.
at Athens, 1827, imp. fol.; containing Fragments of
Athenian Architecture, Remains in Attica, Megara, and
Epirus, comprising also, under the divisions of Cadmeia,
Homeros, Herodotos, the Origin of Temples and of Grecian
Art of the periods preceding.
Inwood, William. Tables for the Purchasing of
Estates, &c., Lon.. 1811, 8vo; 14th ed., 1853, 12mo.
Irby, Hon. Charles Leonard, and James Man-
gles, Commander in the Royal Navy. Travels in Egypt,
Nubia, Syria, and the Holy Land, &c., Lon., 1823, Svo.
Privately printed. Pub. 1844, p. 8vo; 1847, p. 8vo.
known, those who were admitted to its pages prized it highly.”—
"Almost from the first a sealed book, and never very generally
Lon. Lit. Gazette.
"I have obtained much important information from the Travels
of Captains Irby and Mangles.”—Keith's Evidences of Prophery.
Iredell, James. 1. Laws of N. Carolina, 1715-90,
Edenton, 1791, fol. 2. N. Carolina Reports, 1778-1837,
Raleigh, 1839. 2 vols. 8vo.
1840-43, 2 vols. 8vo, 1841-43. 4. N. Carolina Supreme CL
3. N. Carolina Equity Reports,
Law Reports, 1840-44, 4 vols. Sro, 1841-44.
Ireland. See MICKLE, WILLIAM JULIUS.
1. Life of Henderson, the actor.
Ireland, John, d. 1808, a native of Wem, in Shrop-
See HENDERSON,
JOHN. 2. Hogarth Illustrated. See HOGARTH,
See HOGARTH, WILLIAM,
No. 4. For an account of Ireland, see Chalmers's Biog.
Dict.; Lon. Athen., vol. v.; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. lxxviii.
burton, Devonshire, matriculated at Oxford, 1780, as Bible
Ireland, John, D.D., 1761-1842, a native of Ash-
Clerk of Oriel College; Vicar of Croydon, Surrey, 1793;
Preb. of Westminster, 1802; Dean of Westminster, and
Rector of Islip, 1816. He founded four scholarships, an
exhibition, and a professorship, at Oxford, and left a large
sum for benevolent purposes. 1. Five Discourses rel. to
the Early Reception of Christianity, Lon., 1796, Sro. 2.
Vindiciæ Regiæ, 1797, Svo. 3. Serm., 1807. 4. Paganism
2d ed., 1825, Svo. A most excellent work.
and Christianity Compared, in a Course of Lects., 1809;
"The classical and more particularly the ecclesiastical learning
us."-Lon. Chris. Observer.
which he has displayed in this volume bas indeed bighly gratified
"An able, learned, and instructive work.”—Brit. Critic.
5. Lett. to H. Brougham, Esq., M.P., 1819. 6. Nuptiæ
Sacræ, 1821. 7. The Plague of Marseilles in 1720, 4to,
1834. Dr. Ireland was one of the earliest contributors to
the London Quarterly Review, whose editor, Wm. Gifford,
was for forty-five years his intimate friend. See a biogra-
phy of Dr. Ireland, in Lon. Gent. Mag., 1842, Pt. 2, 549-
550.
Ireland, J. P. Effects of Arsenic in counteracting
the Poison of Serpents; Medico-Chirurg. Trans., 1811.
Ireland, Samuel, d. 1800, originally a mechanic in
Spitalfields, subsequently a dealer in scarce works and
prints, pub. 8 vols. of Picturesque Tours and Views on
Great Britain and the Continent, Lon., 1790-1800, (see
Lowndes's Bibl. Man.. 999-1000;) Graphic Illustrations
of Hogarth, 1794; and Miscellaneous Papers and Legal
933
IRE
IRV
Instruments under the hand and seal of William Shak-
speare, including the Tragedy of King Lear, and a small
fragment of Hamlet from the Original, 1796, fol., £4 48.
This was the celebrated "Ireland Forgery," perpetrated
by the publisher's son, Wm. Henry Ireland, (q. v., and
authorities there cited.)
Ireland, Thomas. 1. Abridgt, of Sir Edward Coke's
XI. Parts of his Reports, 1650, '57, '66, 12mo. 2. Abridgt.
of Sir James Dyer's Reports, 1651. 3. Verses spoken to
the King and Queen at Oxford, 1663, 4to.
Ireland, William Henry, d. 1834, a son of Samuel
Ireland, (ante,) perpetrated in 1795-96 the remarkable
Shakspeare Forgeries, which gave his name such infamous
notoriety. For an account of this deception, which im-
posed for a time upon several littérateurs of note, see Au-
thentic Account of the Shakspeare Manuscripts, by W. H.-Law Chronicle.
Ireland, 1796, Svo; The Confessions of W. H. Ireland, 1805;
G. Chalmers's Apology for the Believers of the Shaksp.
Papers, 1797, Svo; Malone's Inquiry into the Authenticity,
&c.; Chalmers's Supp. Apology, 1799, Svo; Append., 1800,
Svo; Miscellaneous Papers and Legal Instruments, &c.,
pub. by Samuel Ireland, 1796, fol.; Wilson's Shaksperiana,
pp. 21-32; Lon. Month. Rev., N. S., vols. xii., xx., xxii.,
xxvii., xxxv.; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1796-97; N. York Eclec.
Mag., xvi. 476; Phila. Bizarre, 1853, vol. ii. 21–23, 33–35.
The plays of Vortigern and Henry the Second, two of the
Shakspeare Forgeries, were printed in 1799, Svo, and Ire-
land repub. Vortigern, with an original preface and a fac-
simile of the forgery, in 1832, Svo. The fol. vol. pub. by
S. Ireland, 1796, containing the Miscellaneous Papers,
&c., is very rare, as but 138 copies were preserved.
Wilson's Shaksperiana, p. 22. We happen to possess Ire-
land's own MS. of one of his forgeries,-Henry the Second:
the rascal seemed to feel but little penitence for his fraud;
for at the conclusion he indulges in the self-gratulatory
exclamation, "Huzza! Huzza! Huzza!” In addition to
the Shakspeare forgeries, Ireland wrote a number of no-
vels, plays, poems, &c., 1799-1814, a list of which will be
found in Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Samuel was really his first name.
Iremonger, Rev. Frederic, pub. a serm., 1816, and
some educational works. A new ed. of his Questions for
the Element. Books in the National Schools was pub., Lon.,
1840, 12mo.
Ireton, John. Microcosmus: Anatomy of the Bodies
of Man and Woman, Lon., 1670, fol.; from the original of
Spaher.
Irish, David. 1. Leyamen Infirmi, Lon., 1700, Svo.
2. Animadversio Astrologica, 1701, Svo.
Irons, Joseph, minister of Grove Church, Camber-
well. 1. Jazer: Assistance to the Weak in Faith; 16th
ed., Lon., 1832, 18mo. 2. Grove Chapel Pulpit, vols. i.-iv.,
1851-52, &c. Other works.
Irons, William Jonah, b. at Hoddesden, Herts,
1812, Vicar of Brompton, 1842, has pub. a number of
serms. and theolog. treatises, 1836-52. See Darling's
Cyc. Bibl., i. 613–615.
Ironside, Lt. Col. Sun-Plant; Phil. Trans., 1774.
Ironside, Edward, of Twickenham, d. 1803. Hist.
and Antiq. of Twickenham, Lon., 1797, 4to. This work
forms No. 6 of Miscellaneous Antiquities, in continuation
of the Bibliotheca Topographia Britannica.
Ironside, F. Gilbert. The Sabbath, Oxf., 1637, 4to.
Irvine, Alexander. De Jure Regni Diascepsis ad
Regem Carolum, Lugd. Bat., 1627, 12mo.
Irvine, Rev. Alexander. Cause and Effects of
Enigration from the Highlands, &c., 1802, 8vo. Noticed
by Rev. Sydney Smith, in Edin. Rev., i. 61–63.
Irvine, Alexander. London Flora, Lon., 1838,
12mo; 1846, 12mo.
Irvine, Alexander Forbes. Prac. Treat. on the
Game Laws of Scotland, Edin., 1850, 8vo.
"The latest, fullest, and most complete collection of the Forest
Laws, and the rules of game in bird and beast.”—Perth Courier.
Irvine, Andrew. Serms., 1830, 8vo.
« Good Specimens of sound reasoning, pure theology, and prac-
tical application.”—Lon. Chris. Rememb.
Irvine, Christopher. 1. Bellum Grammaticale,
Edin., 1650, '58, 8vo, 1698. 2. Medicina Magnetica; or,
the Art of Curing by Sympathy, Lon., 1656, 8vo.
dex Locorum Scotorum, Edin., 1664, Svo.
An useful piece, and well deserves a new impression."-Bp.
Nicolson's Scot. Hist. Lib.
·
Irvine, Wm., M.D. 1. Essays on Chemical Subjects,
edited by his son, Wm. Irvine, M.D., Lon., 1805, Svo.
Theories of Heat; Nic. Jour., 1803. And see 1805.
2.
Irvine, Wm., M.D., son of the preceding. 1. On
Diseases, 1802, Svo. 2. Letters on Sicily, 1813, r. 8vo.
3. Latent Heat; Nic. Jour., 1804.
3. Histori Scoticæ, Nomenclatura Latino-Vernacula,
1682, '92, Svo; 1819, 12mo. See an account of this writer
in Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scots-
men, 1855.
Irvine, Ralph. See IRVING.
931.
Irvine, Patrick. 1. Considerations on the Inexpe-
diency of the Law of Entail in Scotland; 2d ed., Edin.,
1826, Svo.
A very short and a very sensible book on a subject of the
utmost importance to Scotland."-Elin. Rer., No. 36.
4. Memoirs of the Life and Writings of George Bu-
chanan, Edin., 1807, 8vo; 2d ed., corrected and enlarged,
with an Appendix, 1817, Svo. 5. Memorial of Anne Mar-
Seegaret Anderson, 1815, Svo. Privately printed. 6. Obser-
vations on the Study of the Civil Law, IS15, Svo; 4th ed.,
1837, Svo.
b.
practice of entail."-McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.
An ably-written and philosophical tract in opposition to the
Marriage in Scotland, 1828, Svo.
2. Considerations on the Inexpediency of the Law of
"Much valuable matter, collected from many authentic sources."
Irving, A. The Theory and Practice of Caste, Lon.,
1853, p. 8vo.
Irving, B. A. Egypt and the Bible, Camb., 1853, p. Svo.
Irving, C. Educational works, Lon., 1841, &c.
Irving, David, LL.D., a distinguished biographical
and legal writer. 1. Lives of Scottish Authors, viz.: Fer-
gusson, Falconer, and Russell, Edin., 1801, 12mo. 2. Ele-
ments of English Composition, Lon., 1801, 12mo; 11th
ed., 1841, 12mo. 3. Lives of the Scottish Poets, Edin.,
1804, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., improved, Lon., 1810, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Great research and critical ingenuity."-PARK.
|
Gives complete and interesting details, within a moderate com-
pass, (pp. 282. Svo.) of the existing state of the study and practice
of the Civil Law, both at home and abroad. and of all the great
continental writers upon the subject."-Warren's Law Studies, ed.
1845, 864.
See also 2 Hoff. Leg. Stu., 557; 1 Jurist, 661; 14 Leg.
Obs., 334; 2 Law Mag., 481. To Dr. Irving we are also
indebted for the article on Civil Law, in the 7th ed. Encyc.
Brit., vol. vi., 708-719. 7. Alex. Montgomery's Works in
the Scottish Dialect, with Life and Illustrative Notes, 1821,
Svo. 250 copies printed. 8. A Catalogue of the Law Books
in the Advocates' Library, 1831, Svo. 9. Lives of the
Scottish Writers, Lon., 1839, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 1850, 2 vols.
in 1, p. 8vo. 10. The Table-Talk of John Selden, with
Notes, 1854, er. Svo.
Enriched by annotations of no inconsiderable value, evincing
extensive and well-directed research.”—Westm. Rev.
"}
Irving, Edward, 1792-1834, a native of Annan,
Dumfriesshire, Scotland, was educated at the University
of Edinburgh; Assistant minister to Dr. Chalmers, of
St. John's Church, Glasgow, 1819-22; minister of the
Scotch Church, Cross Street, Hatton Garden, London,
1822; removed to the large church built for his congrega-
tion in Regent's Square, 1829; accused of heresy by the
Presbytery of London, 1830; ejected from his church, May
3, 1832. After his ejectment, his friends purchased for
him the picture-gallery of Benjamin West, in Newman
Street, and there Mr. Irving attracted large crowds by his
remarkable exhibitions of the "gift of unknown tongues,'
produced directly, as he believed, by divine inspiration.
He died of consumption at Glasgow, December 6, 1834,
in the 42d year of his age. He was undoubtedly a sincere
and excellent man; but his judgment and prudence were
not equal to his piety and devotion, even before the unmis-
takable evidences of insanity which eventually clouded
his fine intellect. He pub.-For the Oracles of God, Four
Orations; For Judgment to Come, an Argument in Nine
Parts, 3d ed,, Lon., 1824, Svo; Babylon and Infidelity
foredoomed of God, 1826, 2 vols. 12mo, reprinted in 1 vol.
8vo; Serms., Lects., and Occasional Discourses, Lon., 1828,
3 vols. 8vo; Homilies on the Sacraments, vol. i., 1828, sm.
Svo; The Last Days, 1828, Svo, 2d ed., with Life by H.
tion, 1831, 4 vols. 12mo; and a number of single serms.,
Bonar, 1850, p. 8vo; Expositions of the Book of Revela-
theolog. treatises, &c. One of his best productions is his
already noticed by us in the life of that excellent prelate.
Introduction to Bishop Horne's Comment. on the Psalms,
Mr. Irving's disciples are by no means extinct, in proof of
which a project is now (1856) on foot to build Irvingite
chapels in all the large towns of the United Kingdom; and
it is reported that one gentleman in London has recently
subscribed no less than £100,000 towards this scheme.
For further information regarding this once-famous divine,
see Biog. Sketch of Edward Irving, (by W. Jones,) 2 vols
Svo; Edward Irving, an Ecclesiastical and Literary Bio-
IRV
IRV
graphy, (by Washington Wilks,) 1855, 12mo; Chambers
and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855,
vol. v.; Jamieson's Cyc. of Religious Biog., 1853; The
Trial of the Rev. Edward Irving, with 5 portraits by
Cruikshank, (a jeu-d'esprit ;) Gilfillan's First and Third
Galleries of Literary Portraits; Hazlitt's Spirit of the
Age; De Quincey's Lit. Reminis.; Works of Charles
Lamb; Lockhart's Life of Scott; Metropolitan Pulpit;
Death of the Rev. Edward Irving, (by Thos. Carlyle,) in
Fraser's Mag., xi. 99; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 294, 961, 974;
J. W. Lester's Criticisms; Maginn's O'Doherty Papers;
Lon. Gent. Mag., 1832, Pt. 2, 154; 1835, Pt. 1, 664;
Westm. Rev., i. 27; Blackw. Mag., xiv. 145, 192, 346;|
xv. 194, 230, 601; xxiv. 897; Fraser's Mag., iii. 423; N.
York Method. Quar. Rev., ix. 109; N. York Eclec. Mag.,
xiv. 503; N. York Democratic Rev., xiv. 496; Bost. Chris.
Exam., ii. 468, (by A. Lamson;) Bost. Liv. Age, xxix. 211,
(by F. Saunders;) N. Haven Chris. Month. Spec., vi. 150,
199; x. 318; Niles's Reg., xliv. 228; Phila. Mus. of For.
Lit., iii. 364.
abroad with his uncle, Washington Irving; was from 1836
to '49 Professor of History and Belles-Lettres at Geneva
College, and subsequently filled for three years the chair
of Belles-Lettres in the Free Academy of New York. In
December, 1854, he took holy orders in the Protestant
Episcopal Church. In addition to many fugitive essays
contributed to the periodicals of the day, Mr. Irving is the
author of two valuable works, viz.: 1. The Conquest of
Florida, by Hernando de Soto, Phila., 1835, 2 vols. 12mo;
Lon., 1835, 2 vols. p. 8vo. Revised ed., uniform with the
collective ed. of Washington Irving's Works, N. York,
12mo. Also pub. in vol. x. of H. G. Bohn's collective ed.
of Washington Irving's Works, Lon., 1851, 10 vols. 8vo.
"The book before us is a delightful one. . . . In their style, too,
these volumes are related to the pure and graceful writing of the
author of the Life of Columbus. . . . The bistory before us is hardly
being lighted within us, and we had better close our notice, lest
a thing to read or criticize without a spark of the old ballad spirit
we be tempted to try the indiscretion of a rhyme."-Lon. Athen,
1835. 609–611.
|
··
He was unquestionably, by many degrees, the greatest orator
of our times. Of him indeed, more than of any man whom I have
seen throughout my whole experience, it might be said, with truth
and emphasis, that he was a Boanerges, a son of thunder."-DE
QUINCEY: ubi supra.
What the Scottish uncelebrated Irving was. they that have
only seen the London celebrated (and distorted) one can never
know. Bodily and spiritually, perhaps there was not (in that
November, 1822) a man more full of genial energetic life in all
these Islands.”—Carlyle: ubi supra.
"Mr. Irving bas shrunk from no opinion, however parodoxical.
He has scrupled to avow no sentiment, however obnoxious. He
has revived exploded prejudices; he has scouted prevailing fash-
ions. Ile has opposed the spirit of the age, and not consulted the
esprit de corps.... He has held a play-book in one hand and a
Bible in the other, and quoted Shakspeare and Melancthon in the
same breath."-IIAZLITT: ubi supra.
"I could hardly keep my eyes off him while we were at table.
He put me in mind of the devil disguised as an angel of light. so
il did that horrible obliquity of vision harmonize with the dark
tranquil features of his face, resembling that of our Saviour in
Italian pictures, with the hair carefully arranged in the same
manner."-SIR WALTER SCOTT: ubi supru.
Irving, G. V. Digest of the Inhabited-House Tax
Act, Lon., 1852, Svo.
Irving, Helen W., is the nom de plume of a very
young lady, a resident of Lynn, Massachusetts, who has
pub. a number of poetical pieces in The Home Journal
and other periodicals. The stanzas entitled Love and
Fame have been cited as especially deserving of com-
mendation. See T. B. Read's Female Poets of America;
Caroline May's American Female Poets.
Irving, John Treat, 1778-1838, Presiding Judge of
the Court of Common Pleas for the City and County of
New York from 1817 until his death, and a brother of
Washington and Peter Irving, was a contributor to the
Morning Chronicle, (started in New York, Oct. 1, 1802.)
a. Democratic journal, conducted by the last-named of his
two brothers. He acquired some distinction by his poeti-
cal attacks upon the tenets of his political opponents, and
more by the exemplary discharge of the duties connected
with his judicial station. See Daly's Hist. of Judic. Trib.
of N. York, p. 65.
Irving, John Treat, a member of the New York
Bar, son of the preceding, and a nephew of Washington
Irving, is best known as an author by his Sketches in an
Expedition to the Pawnee Tribes, Phila., 1833, 2 vols.
12mo, Lon.. 1835, 2 vols. p. Svo; The Attorney, a Novel;
and Harry Harson, or The Benevolent Bachelor: a Novel.
The last two works were originally pub. in the New York
Knickerbocker Magazine, under the signature of John Quod.
Irving, L. H. Sketches of Gibraltar, Edin., 1853,
ob. fol.
Irving, Peter, 1771-1838, a brother of Washington
Irving, pub. at New York, in 1820, a novel entitled Gio-
vanni Sbogarró; a Venetian Tale, (from the French,) with
alterations by Percival G——. Mr. Irving was editor and
Mr. Irving was editor and
proprietor of The Morning Chronicle, a Democratic paper,
started in New York, Oct. 1, 1802, and co-projector with
his brother Washington of the humorous sketches which
the latter expanded into the celebrated History of New
York, by Diedrich Knickerbocker. Dr. Irving so called
from some attention paid to the study of medicine in early
life-resided in Europe from 1809 to 36, and died in about
two years after his return to New York.
Irving, or Irvine, Ralph. 1. Peruvian Bark, Edin.,
1785, Svo. 2. Dispensatory, 1786, Svo.
Irving, Maxwell John. See MAXWELL, JOHN
IRVING.
Irving, Theodore, LL.D., b. 1809, in the city of New
Vork, a son of Ebenezer Irving, resided for some years
2. The Fountain of Living Waters; illustrated by Facts,
N. York, 1854, 18mo; 4th ed., 1855, 18mo.
"The whole object of the book is to lead erring and wandering
souls to Christ. Believing that it is well calculated to accomplish
this end, we would commend it as a book to be put into the hands
of young persons whose minds are turned more or less to religious
themes, and particularly such as need kind and gentle persuasives
to piety."-Prot. Epis. Rev. and Church Reg., N. York, April, 1855,
313.
The earliest of Mr. Irving's contributions to the Re-
public of Letters-a number of letters on the drama, the
social customs of New York, &c.-were pub., in 1802,
(under the nom de plume of Jonathan Oldstyle.) in The
Morning Chronicle, a Democratic journal, edited by the
author's brother, Dr. Peter Irving. These epistles appeared
in pamphlet form, without the author's consent, in the year
1824. After some attention to the study of Coke and
Blackstone, the state of Mr. Irving's health caused him
in 1804 to seek for that physical benefit which a change
of scene and climate might naturally be expected to
afford. After an absence of two years in Italy, Switzer-
laud, France, and England, &c., he returned home in
1806, resumed his legal studies, and was admitted to the bar.
In January, 1807, appeared, to the great delight of the wits of
the good city of Gotham,-always willing to enjoy a laugh,-
No. 1 of a semi-monthly magazine, the joint production of
Washington Irving, James K. Paulding, and William Irving;
the latter contributing the poetry, and hints and sketches for
some of the essays. This was the since-famous Salmagundi, or
The Whim-Whams and Opinions of Launcelot Langstaff and
Others. The amusing character of this periodical rendered
it exceedingly agreeable to the town, and its popularity pro-
mised a long and profitable life; but for some reason or
other it was discontinued after the issue of the twentieth
number. In 1809 was pub. the famous History of New
York, by Diedrich Knickerbocker.
York, by Diedrich Knickerbocker. The first part of this
work was sketched in company with Dr. Peter Irving, who,
on his departure for Europe, confided the whole to Wash-
ington, by whose humorous genius it was expanded to its
present shape.
present shape. Though this was one of the first-fruits of
his inventive talent, it is risking but little to affirm that in
its peculiar qualities it has not been surpassed by any later
efforts-successful as they bave been-of its accomplished
author. In 1810, Washington Irving-who had never
found sufficient attraction in his legal studies to induce
him to practise the profession-was admitted as a partner,
with two of his brothers, in the extensive commercial
establishment which they conducted at New York and
Liverpool. The failure of this house in 1817, consequent
upon the pecuniary difficulties which followed the treat
1
"Living Waters is a sweet and tender appeal in behalf of
spiritual religion, addressed especially to the young."-Method.
Quar. Rev.
Irving, Thomas. Con. to Med. Com., 1790.
Irving, Washington, one of the inost distinguished
of modern authors, was born April 3, 1783, in the city of
New York, in a house in William Street, between John and
Fulton Streets, and not far from that venerable pile the Old
Dutch Church. This mansion-so long an object of in-
terest to citizen and sojourner-had until within the last
few years resisted the progress of "improvement," which
was gradually changing the face of the neighbourhood;
but it too at last yielded to its fate, and in 1846 its site
was occupied by one of the stately "Washington Stores."
The father of Washington Irving was a native of Scot-
land, his mother an Englishwoman, and perhaps it is not
entirely a matter of imagination to fancy that the national
characteristics of both parents are to be discovered in
several of the productions of the author of The Sketch-
Book and Bracebridge Hall.
935
IRV
IRV
of peme between England and the United States, occurred
when Washington was in Europe, and this reverse of for-
tune induced the already popular author to determine to
follow literature as a profession. He had of late employed
his pen but seldom: a series of naval biographies contri-
buted to Moses Thomas's (of Philadelphia) Analectic
Magazine, (of which Irving was in 1813-14 the editor,)
and a biographical sketch of Thomas Campbell, prefixed
to a Philadelphia edit. of the works of the latter, are all
of Irving's productions with which the world seems to
have been favoured, from the date of the publication of The
Knickerbocker, in 1809 to the time of the appearance of
The Sketch-Book, in 1819. The numbers of the last-named
work (composed in London) were transmitted to New York
for publication, were read with avidity on both sides of the
water, and several of the series were soon copied by Jer-
dan in the London Literary Gazette, and by the editors
of other periodicals.
"We are greatly at a loss [remarks the formidable Blackwood
in the number for February, 1820] to comprehend for what reason.
Mr. Irving has thought fit to publish his Sketch-Book in America
earlier than in Britain; but at all events he is doing himself great
injustice by not having an edition printed here of every number,
after it has appeared in New York. Nothing has been written for
a long time, for which it would be more safe to promise great and
eager acceptance."-Vol. vi. 557, (by J. G. Lockhart.)
This is the article referred to by Sir Walter Scott in the
letter quoted by Irving in the Preface to his revised edit.
of The Sketch-Book.
|
Viages y Descubrimientos, &c. pub. at Madrid in 1825, (after
Mr. Irving's arrival,) in 2 vols. 4to. Mr. Rich, indeed,
had from the first set his heart-not upon a mere transla-
tion of this collection, but-upon a Life of Columbus from
the pen of Washington Irving. This darling desire he
was so happy as to see realized, and to him, therefore, is
the world indebted for the publication of this work. Mr.
Irving was the guest of this eminent bibliographer,
whose name has long been honoured by students in both
hemispheres; and, says he,
"In his extensive and curious library I found one of the best
collections extant of Spanish colonial history, containing many
documents for which I night elsewhere search in vain. This he
put at my absolute command, with a frankness and unreserve
seldom to be met with among the possessors of such rare and
valuable works; and his library has been my main resource
throughout the whole of my labours."
We shall have more to quote to Mr. Rich's credit when
we reach his patronymic in the future pages of our Dic-
tionary. In this year (1826) and the following, as also
in the spring of 1829, Mr. Irving made profitable journeys
the world in 1829, in The Chronicle of the Conquest of
in the South of Spain, the results of which were given to
Granada; in 1832, in the picturesque pages of The Alham-
bra; in 1835, in The Legends of the Conquest of Spain;
and in 1849-50, in Mahomet and his Successors.
Mr. Irving left Spain in July, 1829, and returned to
London to discharge the duties connected with the Secre-
taryship of Legation to the American Embassy, which
had been conferred upon him during his absence. In 1830
Mr. Henry Hallam and himself were honoured by the gift
of the two fifty-guinea gold medals ordered by George IV.
to be presented to the two authors who should be adjudged
to have attained the greatest excellence in historical com-
position. This high compliment to Mr. Irving was a well-
deserved tribute to the merits of his History of the Life
and Voyages of Christopher Columbus. In the next year
the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon Mr. Irving by the
University of Oxford,-a testimonial which that august
body is not in the habit of bestowing upon slight founda-
tions. After an absence protracted through seventeen
years, Mr. Irving at length sailed for home, and arrived
in New York on the 21st day of May, 1832. To one who
had conferred such imperishable renown upon the Ame-
rican name--even had there been nothing in the man to
elicit that enthusiastic affection with which Washington
Irving is regarded by his countrymen-no common honours
were accorded. A public dinner was immediately tendered
to him in New York, and the friends of early days, to-
Mur-gether with those who had grown into civic eminence and
social consideration during his absence, united in paying
homage to him who had conferred honour upon all. The
citizens of other States also claimed their right to enter-
tain their illustrious countryman, and nothing but that
modesty which has always been a distinguishing trait of
his character prevented a series of ovations and a tri-
umphal march through the American Republic from Bos-
ton to St. Louis and Philadelphia to New Orleans.
"We cannot refuse ourselves the pleasure," remarks one of the
most eminent of his countrymen, of bearing our humble part
in the cordial welcome with which the unanimous voice of the
from abroad....The open and hearty welcome which his fellow-
country is now greeting the distinguished pilgrim on his returu
citizens have given him shows that he is best appreciated where
he is best known. His reception at New York was the fairest
triumph that has yet been accorded to literary desert in the New
World."-EDWARD EVERETT: Review of The Alhambra, in N. Amer.
Rer.. xxxv. 265–282.
This was encouragement indeed,-encouragement such
as many a British aspirant for literary fame would have
given the copy-right of his best work to have secured. In
the same month in which the above eulogy appeared,
Irving pub. in London, under the nom de plume of Geoffrey
Crayon, Gent", the first vol. of The Sketch-Book. It was
It was
printed by John Miller, but at the author's expense; Mur-
ray, the Great Mogul of the book-trade, having declined
the enterprise. The failure of Miller within a few weeks
after the publication threw Irving again on the town for
a publisher, and, through the friendly offices of Sir Walter
Scott, Murray was induced to act in the premises. He
gave the author £200, which he soon felt justified by the
sale of the work in increasing to £400. The Sketch-Book
was originally pub. in February, 1820, in 1 vol., but in
July of the same year it appeared in 2 vols.,—a 2d edit.
of the 1st, together with a new vol. The author had now
attained an extended literary reputation, both at home
and abroad; and so far was he from having any difficulty
in procuring a publisher, that when Bracebridge Hall, or
the Humourists, was ready for the press in 1822, Mr.
ray was ready to offer 1000 guineas for the copy-right
without having seen the MS. He obtained the coveted
He obtained the coveted
prize at his offer, and subsequently gave the same
author nearly twice as much (£2000) for the Chronicle of
the Conquest of Granada, and quite three times as much
(3000 guineas) for the History of the Life and Voyages of
Christopher Columbus. But we anticipate. The dates of
the publications of Irving's succeeding works, given to the
world between the appearance of The Sketch-Book in
London, in 1820, and his return to the United States in
May, 1832, were as follows:
Bracebridge Hall, or the Humourists; a Medley, by
Geoffrey Crayon, Gent", Lon., 1822, 2 vols. 8vo; N. York,
1822, 2 vols. 8vo.
Tales of a Traveller, by Geoffrey Crayon, Gent", Lon.,
1824, 2 vols. Svo; N. York, 1824, 4 Pts. Sold to Murray
(without his having seen the MS.) for 1500 guineas.
The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus, 1828,
4 vols. 8vo; N. York, 1828, 3 vols. 8vo.
Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada, Lon., 1829, 2
vols. p. 8vo; Phila., 1829, 2 vols. 12mo.
Voyages of the Companions of Columbus, 1 vol., Lon.,
Paris, and Phila., 1831.
The Alhambra, Lon., 1832, 2 vols. 8vo; Phila., 1832,
2 vols. 12mno.
In May, 1832, as above stated, Mr. Irving returned
home, after an absence of seventeen years. During this
long period he had been an extensive traveller. We left
him at London, superintending the publication of The
Sketch-Book, in 1820. A portion of this year and of the
A portion of this year and of the
following was spent in the city of Paris: the winter of
1822 was passed at Dresden, and that of 1825 in the South
of France. In the winter of 1825-26, at the earnest
request of Mr. Alexander H. Everett, American minister
to Spain, to whom the idea was first suggested by O.
Rich, Esq., American Consul at Madrid,-Mr. Irving |
visited Madrid for the purpose of translating into English
the valuable compilation of Navarette, Coleccion de los
936
Shortly after his return to the United States, Mr. Irving
visited some of the most interesting portions of the Great
searches among the Indians, in the Tour on the Prairies,
West, and gratified the world with the fruits of his re-
of studying the phenomena of life under another phase,
pub. in the Crayon Miscellany in 1835. Those more fond
found in the Recollections of Abbotsford and Newstead
Abbey, and The Legends of the Conquest of Spain,-com-
lany,-sufficient to charm the imagination and delight the
prising the second and third vols. of the Crayon Misce)-
taste. To this collection succeeded Astoria; or, Anecdotes
of an Enterprise beyond the Rocky Mountains, pub. in
1836, (in which the author was assisted by his nerhew,
Pierre M. Irving;) and the Adventures of Captain Bonne-
ville, U.S.A., in the Rocky Mountains and the Far West,
(based upon the MSS. of Capt. B. and other materials,)
which was given to the world in 1837. In the years 1839
and '40, Mr. Irving contributed a number of papers to The
Knickerbocker Magazine, a portion of which, with other
fugitive articles, were collected in 1855, and pub. in a vol.
under the title of Wolfert's Roost. From 1842 to '46 Mr.
Irving resided at Madrid as United States Minister to
»
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Spain, and, returning home in the latter year, sought a
quiet retreat for his remaining years in Wolfert's Roost,-
an earthly paradise which we shall not attempt to describe
after the portraiture which the owner himself has given
to the world. The "Stronghold of old Baltus Van Tassel
on the Banks of the Hudson," so graphically sketched in
the Legend of Sleepy Hollow, has now acquired a double
share of renown and undying honours by the occupancy
of its eloquent topographer. A well-drawn picture of
A well-drawn picture of
Wolfert's Roost and its present lord (by Henry T. Tucker-
man) will be found in The Homes of American Authors, N.
York, 1853. Here, in his bachelor-home,—for Geoffrey
Crayon has been content to eulogize the blessings of matri-
mony whilst denying himself their indulgence, in the
company of his surviving brother and affectionate nieces,
who are to him as daughters, the author of the Sketch-
Book passes his tranquil days in calm anticipation of that
'change which, we trust, for the sake of his many friends, is
yet at a long distance.
His publications' since his retirement have been the
Biography and Poetical Remains of the late Margaret
Miller Davidson, 1841; Oliver Goldsmith, a Biography,
1849, (enlarged from a sketch prefixed to the Works of
the latter pub. in Paris, Galignani, 1825, 4 vols., Baudry,
1837, 4 vols. 8vo;) Mahomet and his Successors, 2 vols.,
1849-50; The Life of George Washington, vol. i., 1855,
ii. and iii., 1856. This work will probably comprise two
or three more volumes. Mr. Irving has also within the
last few years superintended the publication of a revised
edit. of his works,-urged thereto by the persuasions of
the eminent publisher, Mr. George P. Putnam, of New
York. The new edit. was issued by Mr. Putnam in 15
vols., 1848-50, and the sale so far (i.e. to Jan. 1857) bas
been 250,000 vols., which, added to about as many disposed
of the old edits., gives an aggregate sale in America alone
of half a million vols. of the works of this popular author.
This enumeration does not include the 98,000 vols. already |
printed of the unfinished life of Washington, nor the num-
ber of copies sold of Wolfert's Roost, which must be very
large.
1
M
Side, &c., by H. T. Tuckerman, Esq.; together with choice
passages selected from each of Mr. Irving's works."
The "notice" by Mr. Tuckerman, above referred to, is
an extract from the admirable sketch entitled Sunny Side
and its Proprietor, to which we have just called the atten-
tion of the reader who desires to see a graphic portraiture
of Geoffrey Crayon reposing amidst the rural shades o
Sleepy Hollow. We can bear witness to the faithfulness
of the picture. There are enough points of resemblance
in literary taste, culture, and style between the limner and
his subject to make "Tuckerman upon Irving" sound as
natural and fitting as "Coke upon Littleton."
What more acceptable testimonial of regard could be
presented to a friend than this valuable set of works?
The same publishers issue a companion-volume to this
get, or the complete works of Irving, entitled The Illus-
trated Beauties of Irving, "containing thirty spirited Illus-
trations of the Works of Washington Irving, finely engraved
on steel, accompanied by an elaborate and carefully-pre-
pared Biographical and Critical Sketch of Mr. Irving, from
Allibone's Dictionary of Authors; also, a notice of Sunny
Nor must we omit to notice the Illustrated Edition of
Irving's Life of Washington, now (1858) in course of pub-
lication (by Putnam) in semi-monthly Parts, (14 to each-
vol.,) imp. 8vo, 100 copies large paper 4to.
ILLUSTRATIONS ON STEEL.
Site of Washington's Birthplace; Mount Vernon,
(Three Views:) Washington as a Surveyor; Washington
at Fort Necessity; Washington Surveying the Dismal
Swamp; Washington at Winchester; Washington's Field-
Sports; Fortifying Bunker's Hill; Fort Ticonderoga; Lake
George; Fortifications at West Point in 1780, (from a con-
temporary drawing;) Washington Quelling a Riot; View
of New York, 1776; Boston from Dorchester Heights in
1776; Announcement of Independence; Battle of Tren-
ton; Battle of Germantown; Battle of Monmouth; Brad-
dock's Battle-Field; Washington going to Congress, &c.
And now, in accordance with our promise in the preface
to this work, a promise which the preceding pages will
prove we have neither forgotten nor delayed to fulfil,-we
shall proceed to adduce, as we have done in other instances,
the verdicts which eminent critics have passed upon the
literary characteristics of the subject of our notice. In
many preceding cases we have been obliged to omit much
more than we had space to quote of interesting and truly
valuable criticism; but, when we commence the pleasing
task of citing opinions respecting the productions of Wash-
ington Irving, we are literally oppressed by the embarras
de richesses. As we glance around our library-shelves,
and behold the mass of materials which we have been for
years collecting on this theme, (as we have on the same
scale, though not to the same extent, collected for the
illustration of many thousands of other writers,) we feel it
to be no exaggeration to say that we could readily fill a
goodly octavo volume with the matter which our space will
oblige us to reject. Be it our care, therefore, to make that
judicious selection from the materials which invite our
research, which shall truly represent the impression which
this distinguished writer has made upon the present gene-
ration and the one which first sat in judgment on the
early fruits of his literary toil.
1. SALMAGUNDI; OR, THE WHIM-WHAMS AND OPINIONS
OF LAUNCELOT LANGSTAFF, ESQ., AND OTHERS, January,
1807, to January, 1808:
The Works of Washington Irving, in the new revised and
uniform edit. just referred to, are thus arranged: Vol. I.
Knickerbocker's History of New York. II. The Sketch-
Book. III., IV., V. Columbus and his Companions. VI.
Bracebridge Hall. VII. Tales of a Traveller. VIII. As-
toria. IX. The Crayon Miscellany. X. Capt. Bonneville's
Adventures. XI. Oliver Goldsmith; a Biography. XII.,
XIII. Mahomet and his Successors. XIV. The Conquest
of Granada. XV. The Alhambra. To these must be
added Wolfert's Roost and The Life of Washington, (also
pub. by Geo. P. Putnam & Co. of New York.) which, with
The Legends of the Conquest of Spain, will be included
in a Second Series of uniform edits. of Irving's Works. A
collective London edit. is pub. by Henry G. Bohn, uniform
with his Standard Library. It is comprised in 10 thick
Svo vols., (1851,)-viz.: Vol. I. Salmagundi and Knicker-
bocker; with Portrait of Irving. II. Sketch-Book, and
Life of Goldsmith. III. Bracebridge Hall, Abbotsford,
and Newstead. IV. Tales of a Traveller, and The Alham-York, and what an abiding influence it has had in that city, by
bra. V. Conquest of Granada, and Conquest of Spain. forming a sort of school of wit of a character somewhat marked
VI., VII., Life of Columbus, and Companions of Colum-
Companions of Colum- and peculiar, and superior to every thing our country has wit
bus; with a New Index and a fine Portrait. VIII. Asto-nessed, except, perhaps, that of the wits of The Anarchiad in Con-
ria, and a Tour on the Prairies. IX. Mahomet and his
necticut."-EDWARD EVERETT: N. Amer. Rev., xv. 206, July, 1822.
"We have no hesitation in saying at the outset. that we consi-
Successors; with Portrait. X. Conquest of Florida, (by der the good papers of Salmagundi, and the greater part of Knick-
Theodore Irving,) and Adventures of Capt. Bonneville. erbocker, superior to the Sketch-Book.... It (Salmagundi] was
Irving's Works are also pub. in London, from time to time, exceedingly pleasant morning or after dinner reading, never
by Murray, Bentley, Routledge, W. Smith, Tegg, &c.
taking up too much of a gentleman's time from his business and
pleasures, nor so exalted and spiritualized as to seem mystical to
his far-reaching vision. ... Though its wit is sometimes forced,
and its serious style sometimes false, upon looking it over we
have found it full of entertainment, with an infinite variety of
characters and circumstances, and with that amiable, good-natured
wit and pathos which shows that the heart has not grown bard
while making merry of the world."-RICHARD M. DANA, SR.: N.
Amer. Rev., ix. 323, 334, 344-345, Sept. 1819.
“We all remember the success of Salmagundi, to which ho was
a large and distinguished contributor; with what rapidity and to
what extent it circulated through America; how fasiliar it made
us with the local pleasantry and the personal bumours of New
Some have been issued with illustrations, on both sides
of the Atlantic; and Messrs. Childs & Peterson, of Phila-
delphia, publish Irving's Select Works, illustrated by F.
0. C. Darley and others, in 6 vols. 8vo; viz.: I. The
Sketch-Book. II. Knickerbocker's History of New York.
III. Tales of a Traveller. IV. Oliver Goldsmith: A Bio-
graphy. V. The Alhambra. VI. Bracebridge Hall; or,
The Humorists.
16
This volume (VI.) is illustrated by fourteen steel plates,
engraved by Greatbach and others, from original designs
by Schmolze.
The better pieces are written in Mr. Irving's best manner.
Take it altogether, it was certainly a production of extraordinary
such by the public. It wants of course the graver merits of the
inerit. and was instantaneously and universally recognised as
modern British Collections of Essays; but for spirit, effect, and
actual literary value, we doubt whether any publication of the
class since The Spectator, upon which it is directly modelled, can
fairly be put in competition with it."-ALEXANDER H. EVERETT:
N. Amer. Rev., xxviii. 116, Jan. 1829.
"It was in form and method of publication imitated from The
Spectator, but, in details, spirit, and aim, so exquisitely adapted to
the latitude of New York, that its appearance was bailed with a
delight hitherto unknown: it was, in fact, a complete triumph of
local genius."-HENRY T. TUCKERMAN: Sketch of Amer. Lit.
A
In this work we are introduced to the watering-places, balls,
ticularly of New York, the centre of its fashion, in a style of un-
elections, reviews, and coteries of the daughter-country, and par
997
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sparing and broad humour, infinitely outdoing any liberties which
Mathews thought fit to take with his hospitable entertainers, and
reflecting some credit on the good-temper which was shown by its
reception.... That Salmagundi owes its principal pretensions to
Mr. Irving's exertions we are the more inclined to conclude from
the evidence of a work in which, not very long afterwards, he tried
bis strength single-handed, under the title of Knickerbocker's
Humorous History of New York.”—Lʊn, Quar. Rev., xxxi. 474,
475, March, 1825.
The production of Paulding, Irving, Verplanck, and perhaps
of others, in partnership [an error. see p. 935]: the papers of Pauld
ing are more sarcastic, ill natured, acrimonions, bitter,than
those of Irving; but quite as able: those by Verplanck we do not
know; we have only heard of him as one of the writers: it is a
work in two volumes duodecimo; essays, after the manner of Gold-
smith,-a downright, secret, laboured, continual imitation of him,
-abounding, too, in plagiarisms: the title is from our English
FM-FLAMS: oriental papers, the little man in black, &c. &c. froni
the Citizen of the World: parts are capital: as a whole, the work
is quite superior to any thing of the kind which this age has pro-
duced." JOHN NEAL: Blackw. Mag., xvii. 61, Jan. 1825.
44
2. KNICKERBOCKER'S HISTORY OF NEW YORK, 1809.
It was to this work that Irving owed his fortunate in-
troduction to Sir Walter Scott. Campbell was aware of
the delight with which it was read by the Great Unknown,
and therefore gave the author a letter to Abbotsford. The
young American arrived at Selkirk on the 29th of August,
1S17.
A
I had come down from Edinburgh," he tells us. "partly to
visit Melrose Abbey and its vicinity, but chiefly to get a sight of
the mighty minstrel of the North.' I had a letter of introduc-
tion to him from Thomas Campbell, the poet, and had reason to
think, from the interest he had taken in some of my earlier scrib-
blings, that a visit from me would not be deemed an intrusion.
On the following morning, after an early breakfast. I set off in a
postchaise for the On the thither I
gate of Abbotsford, and sent the postillion to the house with the
letter of introduction and my card. on which I had written that
I was on my way to the ruins of Melrose Abbey, and wished to
know whether it would be agreeable to Mr. Scott (he had not yet
been made a baronet) to receive a visit from me in the course of
the morning.”—Irving's Abbotsford.
Mr. Lockhart shall tell us in what spirit this "modest
approach" was received:
6.
Scott's family well remember the delight with which he received
this announcement: he was at breakfast, and sallied forth instantly,
dogs and children after him as usual, to greet the guest and con-
duct him in person from the highway to the door."-Lockhart's
Life of Scoll.
Mr. Irving must be permitted to take up the thread:
"Before Scott had reached the gate he called out to me iu a
hearty tone. welcoming me to Abbotsford, and asking news of
Campbell. Arrived at the door of the chaise, he grasped me
warmly by the hand: Come, drive down, drive down to the
house,' said he: 'ye're just in time for breakfast, and afterwards
ye shall see all the wonders of the Abbey.'
6
•
"I would have excused myself on the plea of having already
made my breakfast. 'Ilout, man! cried he; a ride in the morning
in the keen air of the Scotch hills is warrant enough for a second
breakfast!"-Ubi supra.
Thus graphically is sketched, by the gratified stranger,
his first interview with the tried and loving friend of many
years; and this lifelike description is familiar, or should
be so, to all. But it has been the happy lot of the writer
of these pages to hear from Irving's own lips-while the
generous tear of affection quivered in his eye-the pathetic
account of his last interview with his friend, a few months
before the lamentations of nations over his grave testified
to the strong hold which he had gained upon the hearts
of his readers in every land. But we are anticipating
here should we ever record the deeply-interesting narra-
tion to which we refer, it will be more appropriately intro-
duced in our life of the author of Waverley. It is worth
mentioning, in this connexion, that in a letter from Scott
to John Richardson, dated 22d Sept. 1817, he remarks:
"When you see Tom Campbell. tell him with my best love that
I bave to thank him for making me known to Mr. Washington
Irving, who is one of the best and pleasantest acquaintances I
have made this many a day."
Every American who has been abroad, and mingled at
all in the polite circles of Europe, can testify that Sir
Walter Scott here speaks that only which thousands will
gladly endorse. We quote one instance which we find
recorded in Mr. N. P. Willis's agreeable Pencillings by the
Way. He is describing an evening party at the Countess
of Blessington's:
"Nearest me sat Smith, the author of Rejected Addresses,—a
hale, handsome man, apparently fifty, with white hair, and a very
nobly-formed head and physiognomy.... Among other things, he
talked a great deal of America, and asked me if I knew our dis-
tinguished countryman, Washington Irving. I had never been
so fortunate as to meet him. You have lost a great deal,' he
said. 'for never was so delightful a fellow. I was once taken
down with him into the country by a merchant to dinner. Our
friend stopped his carriage at the gate of his park, and asked us
if we would walk through his grounds to the house. Irving
refused, and held me down by the coat, so that we drove on to the
"I make it a
house together. leaving our host to follow on foot.
principle." said Irving, "never to walk with a man through his
own grounds. I have no idea of praising a thing whether I like
it or not. You and I will do them to-morrow morning by our-
selves." The rest of the company had turned their attention to
Smith as he began his story, and there was a universal inquiry
after Mr. Irving. Indeed, the first questions on the lips of every
one to whom I am introduced as an American are of him aud
Cooper."
Tom Moore's warm affection for the author of The
Sketch-Book is no secret to those who have read the
entertaining Diary of the former, recently published by
We quote from one of the poet's
Lord John Russell.
entries a bon mot of Irving's, which has amused us not a
little :
*
· April 10, 1830.—Forgot to mention in its place Irving's descrip
tion of the evening at Horace Twiss's, (the evening of the day he
wanted me to meet the Duke of Wellington.) But few people had
come; and there was Twiss,' said Irving, with his two great
men, the Duke and the Chancellor, just like a spider that has got
two big flies and does not know what to do with them.””
6
C
But, the reader will query, how had Scott become
acquainted with the literary merits of the young Ameri-
can?—for such acquaintance he seems to have had. Lock-
hart shall again be our spokesman :
"Scott had received The History of New York by Knicker-
bocker, shortly after its appearance in 1812, from an accomplished
American travelier, Mr. Brevoort; and the admirable bumour of
this early work had led him to anticipate the brilliant career
which its author has since run. Mr. Thomas Campbell, being no
stranger to Scott's high estimate of Irving's genius, gave him a
letter of introduction," &c.
ܕ
It so happens-though it is hardly an accident, either-
that we have before us a fac-simile of Scott's letter to Mr.
Henry Brevoort, acknowledging the receipt of Knicker-
bocker's History of New York; and it is strictly to our
present purpose-the citation of opinions upon Irving's
works to quote this epistle for the gratification of the
reader:
"My Dear Sir:-I beg you to accept my best thanks for the un
common degree of entertainment which I have received from the
most excellently-jocose history of New York. I am sensible that
as a stranger to American parties and politics I must lose much
of the concealed satire of the piece; but I must own that, looking
at the simple and obvious meaning only, I have never read any
thing so closely resembling the style of Dean Swift as the annals
of Diedrich Knickerbocker. I have been employed these few
evenings in reading them aloud to Mrs. S. and two ladies who are
our guests, and our sides have been absolutely sore with laugh.
ing. I think. too, there are passages which indicate that the au-
thor possesses power of a different kind, and [he] has some touches
which remind me much of Sterne. I beg you will have the kind-
ness to let me know when Mr. Irvine takes pen in haud again, for
assuredly I shall expect a very great treat, which I may chance
never to hear of but through your kindness. Believe me, dear sir,
"Your obliged and humble servant,
"WALTER SCOTT.
}
"Abbotsford. 23d April, 1813."
We have already seen that it was to the friendly offices
of Scott that Irving was indebted for the happy circum-
stance which made John Murray his publisher, and the
handsome tribute to both these gentlemen which appears
in the Preface to the revised edition of The Sketch-Book
(New York, 1848) must not be omitted in this place :
Murray became my publisher, conducting himself in all his deal-
"From that time (the publication of The Sketch-Book in 18207
ings with that fair, open, and liberal spirit which had obtained
for him the well-merited appellation of the Prince of Booksellers.
Thus, under the kind and cordial auspices of Sir Walter Scott, I
began my literary career in Europe; and I feel that I am but dis-
charging, in a trifling degree, my debt of gratitude to the memory
of that golden-hearted man in acknowledging my obligations to
him. But who of his literary contemporaries ever applied to him
for aid or counsel that did not experience the most prompt, gene-
rous, and effectual assistance?"
We continue the quotation of opinions:
"Equally or more admired [than Salmagundi] was Knicker-
bocker's History of New York, a work to be compared with any
thing of the kind in our language; a book of unwearying plea-
santry, which, instead of flashing out, as English and American
humour is wont, from time to time, with long and dull intervals,
book which, if it have a fault, has only that of being too pleasant,
is kept up with a true French vivacity from beginning to end; a
too sustained a tissue of merriment and ridicule."-Edward Eve-
RETT: N. Amer. Rev., xv. 206, July, 1822.
"It has the same faults and same good qualities in its style, its
wit and humour, and its characters are evidently by the same
hand, as the leading ones in Salmagundi. though not copies from
them. They are perfectly fresh and original, and suited to their
situations. Too much of the first part of the first volume is labo
rious and up-hill; and there are places, here and there, in the last
part, to which there is the same objection. Our feelings seldom
flag in the second.”—Richard II. DANA, SR.: N. Amer. Rev., ix.
345. Sept. 1819.
"This we consider as equal to the best, and in some respects
perhaps superior to any other, of our author's productions. [viz. :
Oldstyle. Salmagundi, Naval Biographies, The Sketch-Book, Brace-
bridge Hall, Tales of a Traveller, and Columbus.] It is the one
which exhibits most distinctly the stamp of real inventivo power,
the true test, as we have hinted, of genius. The plan, though
simple enough, and when hit upon sufficiently obvious, is tirely
・ original.”
original."-ALEX. II. EVERETT: N. Amer. Rev., xxviii. 17 -118,
Jan. 1829.
!
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"The most elaborate piece of humor in our literature,—Irv-
ing's facetious history of his native town.”—HENRY T. TUCKERMAN:
Skitch of Amer. Lit.
“Of the point of many of the allusions contained in this political
satire, partaking somewhat of the style of Swift's Tale of a Tub, and
in which more than one President of the United States figures, we
very much lament that we are not fully competent to judge. To
us it is a tantalizing book, of which all that we understand is so
good, and affords us so much pleasure, even through an imperfect
acquaintance with it, that we cannot but conclude that a thorough
knowledge of the whole point in every part would be a treat in-
deed.”—Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 475, March, 1825.
Another authority does not consider that Irving was
so invariably allegorical as the critic just quoted seems
to suppose:
"By nine readers out of ten, perhaps, Knickerbocker is read as
a piece of generous drollery.-nothing more. Be it so. It will
wear the better. The design of Irving himself is not always
clear, nor was he always undeviating in his course. Truth or
fable, fact or falsehood,-it was all the same to him, if a bit of
material came in his way. In a word, we look upon this volume
of Knickerbocker-though it is tiresome, though there are some
wretched failures in it, a little overdoing of the humorous, and a
little confusion of purpose throughout-as a work honourable to
English literature, manly, bold. and so altogether original, without
being extravagant, as to stand alone among the labours of men."
-JOIN NEAL: Blackw. Mog., xvii. 62, Jan. 1825.
"To speak the plain truth, Diedrich Knickerbocker is, after all,
our favourite. There is more richness of humour, and there is
more strength of language too, in these earlier efforts."-Blackw.
Mag., xiv. 564, Nov. 1823.
"The whole book is a jeu-d'esprit, and perhaps its only fault is,
that no jeu-d'esprit ought to Le quite so long as to fill two closely
printed volumes."-Ind., vii. 361, July, 1820, (by J. G. Lockhart.)
The eloquent historian of The Conquest of Mexico, in
a dissertation upon the Right of Title by Discovery, after
referring the reader to some of the great legal luminaries
of different countries,-to Vattel, Kent, and Wheaton.-
concludes with the following allusion to the erudite essay
of our ancient friend, the chronicler of the early fortunes
of Nieuw-Nederlandts:
"If it were not treating a grave discussion too lightly. I should
crave leave to refer the reader to the renowned Diedrich Knicker-
bocker's History of New York, (book 1, chap. 5,) for a luminous
disquisition on this knotty question. At all events, he will find
there the popular arguments subjected to the test of ridicule.-a
test showing, more than any reasoning can, how much. or rather
how little, they are really worth."—Prescott's Hist. of the Conquest
of Mexico, 23d ed., Bost., 1855. ii. 33, n.
For further notices of Knickerbocker's History of New
York, see Lon. Month. Rev., xciv. 67; Lon. Athen., 1832,
458; Knickerbocker Mag., iii. 1; GRAHAME, JAMES, P.
717, in this Dictionary.
But, though it is primarily for its style and composition that
we are induced to notice this book, it would be quite unjust to
the author not to add, that he deserves very high commendation
för its more substantia) qualities; and that we have seldom seen
a work that gave us a more pleasing impression of the writer's
character. or a more favourable one of his judgment and taste. . . .
It seemed fair and courteous not to stint a stranger on his first
introduction to our pages: and what we have quoted, we are per-
suaded. will justify all that we have said in his favour.... We
have found the book in the hands of most of those to whom we
have thought of mentioning it."-LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Rev.,
xxxiv. 161, 168, 176. Aug. 1820.
"Few recent publications have been so well received in England
as The Sketch-Book. Several of the Waverley novels have passed
through fewer editions than this agreeable work. and the journals
of most consequence have paid the highest compliments to its
merit. We are nevertheless free to confess that we think
Sketch-Book as a whole inferior to the author's earlier writings."
-EDWARD EVERETT: N. Amer. Rer.. xv. 208, July, 1822.
"We will be open with him, and tell him that we do not think
the change is for the better. He appears to have lost a little of
that natural run of style for which his lighter writings were so
remarkable. He has given up something of his direct, simple
manner, and plain phraseology, for a more studied, periphrastical
mode of expression. He seems to have exchanged words and
phrases which were strong, distinct, and definite, for a genteel
sort of language, cool. less definite, and general. It is as if his
mother-English had been sent abroad to be improved, and, in
attempting to become accomplished, had lost too many of her
home qualities. . . . The Sketch Book is extremely popular, and it
is worthy of being so. Yet it is with surprise that we have heard
its style indiscriminately praised.... Ilad we thought less highly
of his powers, we should have said less about his errors. Did we
not take delight in reading him, we should have been less earnest
about his mistakes. . . . He is a man of genius, and able to bear
his faults."-RICHARD H. PANA, SR.: N. Amer. Rev., ix. 348, 350,
356, Sept. 1819.
"The characteristics of The Sketch-Book are essentially the
same with those of the preceding work; but, with somewhat
more polish and elegance. it has somewhat less vivacity, fresh-
ness, and power. This difference constitutes the distinction
between Mr. J'ving's first and second manner, the latter of which
is preserved in all his subsequent publications, excepting the one
immediately before us, [Life of Columbus.] Of these two man
ners, the one or the other may perhaps be preferred by different
readers, according to their different tastes. We incline ourselves
to the former, conceiving that spirit and vigour are the highest
qualities of style, and that the loss of any merit of this descrip
tion is but poorly compensated by a little additional finish."-
ALEX. II. EVERETT: N. Amer. Rev., xxviii. 119. Jan. 1829.
“Ilis stories of Rip Van Winkle and Sleepy Hollow are perhaps
the finest pieces of original fictitious writing that this country
has produced, next to the works of Scott."—Chambers's Cyc. Eng.
Lit., Edin.. 1844, ii. 594.
Dr. Dibdin, a Nestor among critics, cannot find words
sufficiently strong in which to express his admiration of
The Sketch-Book. Referring to Mr. Roscoe, he remarks:
This is probably the last time that his name will adorn these
pages; and in taking leave of it how can I better express my
feelings than in the beautiful language of the author of The
Sketch Book ?"-Library Companion, ed. 1825, 542.
..
3. THE SKETCH-BOOK, 1819–20.
"I have glanced over The Sketch-Book. It is positively beauti-
ful, and increases my desire to crimp you, if it be possible."-Sir|pher
Waller Scott to Washington Irving. offering him the editorship
(with a salary of £500 per annum) of a projected Edinburgh
weekly literary periodical. This offer was gratefully declined by
Irving.
<<
Again:
"I know of few passages indeed, I know of none-which so
completely and so deli cusly (if I may so speak) describe the
comforts of a well-storeu library as the following, from the author
of The Sketch-Book: When all that is worldly turns to dross
around us, these only retain their steady value,' &c."
The doctor quotes to the end of the next paragraph,
and then demands,
↓
"Can sentiment (I ask) be purer. or language more barmonious,
than this?"-Ubi supra, p. 541. See also p. 346.
"The Sketch-Book is a timid, beautiful work; with some childish
pathos in it: some rich, pure, bold poetry: a little squeamish,
puling, lady-like sentimentality: some courageous writing, some
wit, and a world humour, so so so altogether
unlike that of any other man. dead or alive, that we would rather
have been the writer of it, fifty times over, than of every thing
else that he has ever written. The touches of poetry are every-
where; but never where we would look for them. Irving has no
passion: he fails utterly in true pathos,-cannot speak as if he
were carried away by any thing. Ile is always thoughtful: and,
save when he tries to be fine or sentimental, always natural.
The dusty splendour of Westminster Abbey, the ship staggering
over the precipices of the ocean, the shark darting, like a spectre,
through the blue waters,'—all these things are poetry, such poetry
as never was, never will be, surpassed. We could mention fifty
more passages,-epithets of power, which no mere prose writer
would have dared, under any circumstances, to use."-JOHN NEAL:
Blackw. Mag., xvii. 65. Jan. 1825.
6
|
"We trust some arrangement has been entered into, by virtue
of which the succeeding numbers of this exquisite miscellany
may be early given to the English public: who, we are sure, are,
at least, as much inclined to receive them well as the American.
English writers of this age, and he is not a bit the less so for having
Mr. Washington Irving is one of our first favourites among the
been born in America."-Blackw. Mag., vii. 361, July, 1820, (by J.
G. Lockhart.)
We have already quoted Lockhart's opinion of The
Sketch-Book on a preceding page, q. v. See also Christo-
North's Noctes Ambrosianæ, July, 1822, and May,
1823.
"Of the merit of his Knickerbocker and New York Stories we
cannot pretend to judge. But in his Sketch-Book and Bracebridge
Hall he gives us very good American copies of our British Essay-
ists and Novelists, which may be very well on the other side of the
water, or as proofs of the capabilities of the national genius. but
which might be dispensed with here, where we have to boast of the
originals. Not only Mr. Irving's language is with great taste and
felicity modelled on that of Addison, Goldsmith, Sterne. or Mac
kenzie, but the thoughts and sentiments are taken at the rebound,
freshness and probability. Mr. Irving's writings are literary and
and, as they are brought forward at the present period, want both
chronisms. He comes to England for the first [the second] time;
and, being on the spot. fancies himself in the midst of those cha-
racters and manners which he had read of in The Spectator and
hitherto formed of the parent-country. Instead of looking round
other approved authors, and which were the only idea he had
to see what we are, he sets to work to describe us as we were, at
second-hand."-Hazlitt's Spirit of the Age.
As this charge-of literary anachronism--has often been
urged against some of the graphic scenes depicted in The
Sketch-Book and Bracebridge Hall, it is only just to allow
the author to be heard in his own defence:
"At the time of the first publication of this paper, [The Christmas
Dinner, in The Sketch-Book.] the picture of an old-fashioned
Christmas in the country was pronounced by some as out of date.
The author had afterwards an opportunity of witnessing almost
all the customs ab ve described, existing in unexpected vigour
in the skirts of Dei byslire and Yorkshire, where he passed the
Christmas holidays. The reader will find some account of them
in the author's account of his sojourn in Newstead Abbey.”—Note
to revised edit. of The Sketch-Book, New York, 1848, p. 298.
We lack space to quote Mr. Irving's description of the
primitive customs which he found in full and honoured ob-
servance in different parts of England,-customs which,
as he remarks,
299.
"Have only been pronounced obsolete by those who draw their
experience merely from city life. . . . It has been deemed that some
of the anecdotes of holiday customs given in my preceding writ-
ings related to usages which have entirely passed away. Critics
who reside in cities have little idea of the primitive manners and
observances which still prevail in remote and rural neighbour
hoods."-Crayon Miscellany: Newstead Abbey, N. York, 1848, 298,
939
IRV
IRV
Mr. Irving's comments are fully endorsed by an eminent
English authority:
"The accuracy of his pictures of old English customs and sports,
which he represents as flourishing under the influence of the
benevolent squire, has been questioned, we know, by suburban
readers: in our opinion, and according to our experience, there is
nothing too coloured in them. writer then
highly
[The proceeds
to prove his position.] We think. therefore, that, far from exceed
ing the limits of probability in this respect, Mr. Irving has hardly
made the full use of northern customs which was really open to
him. Nor can we see any thing overdrawn in the characters them-
selves."-Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 476, 477, March, 1825.
The Dublin University Mag. remarks, in the same strain:
"Bracebridge Hall is the only account we have which gives any
thing like a true picture of the life of an English country gentle
man of our own day."-May, 1835, 554.
Other reviews of The Sketch-Book appeared in the Lon.
Quar. Rev., xxv. 50; Lon. Month. Rev., xciii. 198; Edin.
Month. Rev., iv. 303. In our life of Lord Byron, p. 322
of this Dictionary, will be found an interesting account of
the enthusiastic admiration expressed by his lordship of
The Sketch-Book and its author.
Before we leave our subject, we must not forget to copy
an entry in Moore's Diary, in which the success of The
Sketch-Book at its first appearance is referred to:
"Dined with McKay at the table-d'hole, at Meurice's, for the
purpose of being made known to Mr. Washington Irving, the
author of the work which has lately had success, The Sketch-
Book; a good-looking and intelligent-mannered man.”—Paris,
Dec. 21, 1820.
4. BRACEBRIDGE HALL; OR, THE HUMOURISts, 1822:
"The great charm and peculiarity of his work consists now, as
on former occasions, in the singular sweetness of the composition,
and the mildness of the sentiments,-sicklied over perhaps a little,
now and then, with that cloying heaviness into which unvaried
sweetness is so apt to subside. The rhythm and melody of the
sentences is certainly excessive: as it not only gives an air of
mannerism, but raises too strong au impression of the labour that
must have been bestowed, and the importance which must have
been attached to that which is. after all, but a secondary attribute
to good writing. It is very ill-natured in us, however, to object
to what has given us so much pleasure; for we happen to be very
intense and sensitive admirers of those soft harmonies of studied
speech in which this author is apt to indulge himself; and have
caught ourselves, oftener than we shall confess, neglecting his
excellent matter, to lap ourselves in the liquid music of his pe-
riods, and letting ourselves float passively down the mellow falls
and windings of his soft-flowing sentences, with a delight not in-
ferior to that which we derive from fine versification."-LORD
JEFFREY; Elin. Rev., xxxvii. 338-339. Nov. 1822.
"We have no hesitation in pronouncing Bracebridge Hall quite
equal to any thing which the present age of English literature
bas produced in this department. In saying this, we class it in
the branch of essay-writing.... Besides the episodical tales, he
has given us admirable sketches of life and manners, highly cu-
rious in themselves, and rendered almost important by the good-
natured mock gravity, the ironical reverence, and lively wit, with
which they are described. We can scarce express the delight with
which we turn to the definite images such a work excites, from
the vagueness and generality of ordinary story-writing, where per-
sonages without prototypes in any society on earth speak a lan-
guage learned out of books, without a trait of nature, life, or truth."
EDWARD EVERETT : N. Amer. Rev., xv. 209. 223–224, July, 1822.
"Bracebridge Hall certainly does not possess the spirit of The
Sketch-Book.”—Blackw. Mag., xi. 688, June, 1822.
“STOUT GENTLEMAN—very good, and a pretty fair account of a
real occurrence, [see Note at bottom of the page:] STUDENT OF SALA-
MANCA-beneath contempt: Irving has no idea of genuine romance,
or love, or any thing else, we believe. that ever seriously troubles
the blood of men: ROOKERY-struck off in a few hours; contrary
to what has been said, Irving does not labour as people suppose-
he is too indolent—given too much, we know, to revery: DOLPH
HEYLIGER; THE HAUNTED HOUSE; STORM Sur-all in the fashion
of his early time: perhaps we are greatly inclined to believe-
perhaps the remains of what was meant for Salmagundi or Knick-
erbocker: the rest of the two volumes quite unworthy of Irving's
reputation." — JOHN NEAL: Blackw. Mug., xvii. 66, January,
1825.
66
J
See also Moore's Diary, March 19, 1821.
5. TALES OF A TRAVELLER, 1824.
In spite, however, of the pleasure which Bracebridge Hall has
afforded us, we can see nothing in it which might not have been
compressed into the space of one volume. The make-weights (for
we can give them no other name) which are thrown in to round
off the work more properly belong to Mr. Irving's recent publica-
tion, the Tales of a Traveller; in fact they are. for the most part,
told by the same imaginary narrators, and we shall, therefore,
consider them under the same head."-Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 481-
452. March, 1825.
"You-Geoffrey Crayon-have great power,-origħal power.
We rejoice in your failure now, because we believe that it will
drive you into a style of original composition, far more worthy of
yourself. Go to work. Lose no time.
yourself. Go to work. Lose no time. Your foundations will be
the stronger for this uproar. You cannot write a novel, a poem,
a true tale, or a tragedy. You can write another SKETCH-BOOK
worth all that you have ever written, if you will draw out from
yourself. You have some qualities that no other living writer
has a bold, quiet humour, a rich, beautiful mode of painting
without caricature, a delightful, free, happy spirit: make use of
them. We look to see you all the better for this trouncing. God
bless you! Farewell.”
The reviewer in the London Quarterly (vol. xxxi. 481-
487, March, 1825) finds hardly any thing to commend in
the Tales of a Traveller, save the autobiography of Buck-
thorne:
"I have been miserably disappointed in the Tales of a
Traveller." In this strain commences Timothy Tickler's
review of the Tales, and he proceeds to abuse them terri-
bly: the more so, he intimates, from the fact that
"Few people have admired Mr. Irving more than myself. few
have praised him more, and certainly few wish him and his career
better than I do at this moment."-Blackw. Mag., xvi. 294, 297,
Sept. 1824.
In the same periodical (xvii. 66-67, American Writers,
No. 4, by John Neal) the Tales are quite as severely
bandled, but the critic dismisses the author with many
civil words and a hearty benediction:
S
It is with great pleasure that we turn from productions which
Mr. Irving honestly confesses to be the sweepings of his Scrap-
book, to the tale of Buckthorne, whose adventures, together with
those of his friends, occupy the second division of the tales. In
this instance, finding the contents of the said Scrap-book run.
short, he has been driven to tax his own invention in good ear-
nest, and the result is excellent. From the evidence of this tale,
which abounds in point and incident, it seems probable to us that
he might as a novelist prove no contemptible rival to Goldsmith,
whose turn of mind he very much inherits, and of whose style he
particularly reminds us in the life of Dribble. Like him, too, Mr.
Irving possesses the art of setting ludicrous perplexities in the
most irresistible point of view, and we think equals him in the
variety, if not in the force, of his humour.... After the evidence
of Mr. Irving's powers afforded by the last-quoted passage, he
must in future be true to his own reputation throughout. and
correct the habits of indolence which so considerable a part of the
Tales of a Traveller evince. The indulgence which he so fairly
deserved at his outset, as an ingenious stranger intuitively pro-
ficient in the style and ideas of the mother-country, must now
cease, and he must be considered in future as not only admitted
to the full freedom and privileges of the English guild of author-
ship, but amenable also at the same time, as an experienced crafts-
man, to its most vigorous statutes. We may congratulate him
on the rank which he has already gained, of which the momentary
caprice of the public cannot long deprive him; and with hearty
good will, playfully, but we hope not profanely, we exclaim, as we
part with him. Very pleasant hast thou been to me, my brother.
Jonathan."-Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 483–484. 486–457.
But perhaps the most severe of all the reviews of the
Tales of a Traveller appeared in the Westminster Review,
(ii. 334,) then in the first blossom of its youth. Geoffrey
Crayon's courteous notices of the English nobility, and
his equally creditable disgust at the sanguinary horrors of
the French Revolution, excited the ire of the democratio
critic to an uncontrollable pitch. Even the author's ad-
miring friend, Tom Moore, seems to have had but little
hope for the success of the Tales:
(8
· Irving and I set out for the cottage between ten and eleven.
Took Irving after dinner to show him to the Starkeys, but he was
sleepy. and did not open his mouth: the same at Elwyn's dinner,
Not strong as a lion, but delightful as a domestic animal. Walked
him over this morning to call on Lord Lansdowne, (come down in
consequence of Lord King's illness,) who walked part of the way
back with us. Read me some parts of his new work, Tales of a
Traveller. Rather tremble for its fate. Murray has given him
15001. for it; might have had, I think, 2000l."-June 17, 1824.
6. THE LIFE AND VOYAGES OF CHRISTOPHER COLUM-
BUS, 1828:
-
"Venient annis
Sæcula seris, quibus, Oceanus
Vincula rerum laxet, et ingens
Pateat tellus, Typhisque novos
Deterat Orbes. nec sit terris
Ultime Thule."-SENECA: Medca.
"(
The author, having resided for some years past in Madrid, and
enjoyed access to the archives of the Spanish Government, as well
as to many private Libraries. has been enabled to weave into this
Work many curious facts, hitherto unknown, concerning the Ilis-
tory of Columbus."
The existence of a new world beyond the Atlantic was
firmly believed by many of the ancients, as is abundantly
proved by numerous passages in the classics:
6
"None of the intimations [remarks Mr. Prescott] are so precise.
as that contained in the well-known lines of Seneca's Medea:
Venient annis sæcula,' &c.
Although, when regarded as a mere poetical vagary, it has not
the weight which belongs to more serious suggestions of similar
import, in the writings of Aristotle and Strabo. The various allu-
sions in the ancient classic writers to an undiscovered world form
the subject of an elaborate essay in the Memorias da Acad. Real dus
Scienças de Lisbon. (tom. v. pp. 101-112,) and are embodied, in
much greater detail, in the first section of Humboldt's Histoire
de la Géographie du Nouveau Continent: a work in which the
author, with his usual acuteness, has successfully applied the vast
stores of his erudition and experience to the illustration of many
interesting points connected with the discovery of the New World
and the personal history of Columbus."-Hist. of the Reign of
Ferd. and Isabella, 11th ed., Bost., 1856, ii. 116-117, n.
Mr. Prescott remarks in the text:
"A proof of this popular belief occurs in a curious passage of
letters, but not distinguished for scientific attainments beyond
the Morgante Maggiore of the Florentine poet Pulci, a man of
his day. The passage is remarkable, independently of the cosmo
graphical knowledge it implies. for its allusion to phenomena ia
physical science not established till more than a century later.
94)
IRV
IRV
The devil, alluding to the vulgar supposition respecting the Pillars. | of Mr. Irving's labours, which eulogy we are the more
of Hercules, thus addresses his companion Rinaldo;
: Know that this theory is false: his bark
The daring mariner shall urge far o'er
The western wave, a smooth and level plain,
Albeit the earth is fashioned like a wheel.
Man was in ancient days of grosser mould,
And Hercules might blush to learn how far
Beyond the limits he had vainly set
The dullest sea-boat soon shall wing her way.
Men shall desery another hemisphere,
Since to one common centre all things tend;
So earth. by curious mystery divine,
Well balanced. hangs amid the starry spheres.
At our Antipodes are cities, states,
And thronged empires, ne'er divined of yore.
But see, the Sun speeds on his western path
To glad the nations with expected light.'
PULCI: Morgante Maggiore, cunto 25, st. 229, 230.”
"I have used blank verse [proceeds Mr. Prescott, in a note] as
affording facility for a more literal version than the corresponding
‚ollava rima of the original. This passage of Pulei, which has not
fallen under the notice of Humboldt, or any other writer on the
same subject whom I have consulted, affords probably the most
circumstantial prediction that is to be found of the existence of a
western world.´´ Dante. two centuries before, had intimated more
vaguely his belief in an undiscovered quarter of the globe:
'De' vostri sensi ch'è del rimanente,
Non vogliate negar l'esperienza.
Diretro al sol, del mondo senza gente.'
Inferno, cant. 26, v. 115.”—Ubi supra. 117–118, 118, n.
We happen. to have lying on our table a notice of a
work which should not be neglected by the collector of
by the collector of
American History, (a large class among our friends in
Boston and New York,) and which we observe has not
escaped the researches of Mr. Irving (Hist. of Columbus)
or of Mr. Prescott, (Hist. of Ferdinand and Isabella.) It
is entitled Raccolta del Documento Originale e inediti
spettante a Cristoforo Colombo alla Scoperta ed al Go-
verno dell' America, Genoa, 1823, 4to. An invaluable
collection of authentic remains, letters, memorials, &c. of
the great navigator, with a learned introduction by Prof.
Spotorno.
An English trans. of this work was issued in the same
year (1 vol. Svo, pp. 159 and 255) in London. A notice
of this collection will be found in Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, "Insigne prueba de esto mismo acaba de darnos el Señor Wash-
ii. 152, 155 ; N. Amer. Rev., xviii. 415–417, April, 1824, (by ington Irving en la Historia de la Vida y de los Viages de Cristóbal
Jared Sparks ;) Ibid., xxi. 398-429, Oct. 1825. The Colec- Colon que ha publicado con una aceptación tan general como bien
merecida. Digimos en nuestra introduccion (1,256, pag. lxxxii.)
cion de los Viages y Descubrimientos de Don Martin Fernan-
que no nos proponiamos escribir la historia de aquel almirante,
dez de Navarrete, Madrid, 1825, 2 vols. 4to. (3d vol., 1829, sino publicar noticias y materiales para que se escribiese con vera-
4to,) to which we have already referred, will of course be cidad. y es una fortuna que el primero que se haya aprovechado
found in the American department of the collector's Library. de ellas sea un literato juicioso y erudito, conocido ya en su patria y
Those who are still ignorant of the value of this treasury, las rivalidades que hau dominado entre algunas naciones Europeaɛ
en Europa por otras obras apreciables. Colocado en Madrid, exento de
and the eminent services of its erudite compiler to the im-
sobre Colon y sus descubrimientos: con la proporcion de examinar
portant cause of historical research, must consult Prescott's excelentes libros y preciosos manuscritos, de tratar á personas in
Mexico, 23d ed., 1855, Pref., vi.-vii.; his Ferd. and Isa- struidas en estas materias, y teniendo siempre á la mano los auten
bella, 11th ed., 1856, Pref., v., and vol. ii., 133–134, 507, n.;
ticos documentos que acabamos de publicar, ha logrado dar á su
historia aquella extension, imparcialidad, y exactitud que la hacen
his Peru, ed. 1855, Pref., vi.-vii., vol. ii., 76; Irving's Co-
muy superior á las de los escritores que le precedieron. Agrégase
lumbus and his Companions, ed. 1848, i., Pref., 13-18, iii., | á esto, su metódico, arreglo, y conveniente distribucion; su estilo
Introduc., xv. See also a review of Navarrete's Colec- | animado, puro, y elegante; la noticia de varias personages que in
cion,--written by Caleb Cushing, of Massachusetts, a ripetervenieron de los sucesos de Colon, y el examen de varias cues
scholar, in the N. Amer. Rev., xxiv. 265–294, April, 1827. tiones eu que luce siempre la mas sana crítica, la erudicion y buen
gusto.”—Prologo al tomo iii., Madrid, 1829, 4to.
<
His great work, Coleccion de los Viages y Descubrimientos,'
remarks Mr. Prescott, although far from being completed after
the original plan of its author, is of inestimable service to the
historian."-Peru, Prof., vii.
-
""
Perhaps we have already lingered sufficiently long on
the threshold of our subject, the citation of opinions
respecting Irving's History of Columbus; but we must
not pass on without commending to our reader a notice in
the N. Amer. Rev., xliii. 43-52, July, 1836, (by J. L. Kings-
ley,) of the Italian Jesuit Ubertino Carrara's Latin epic on
the Discovery of America, entitled Columbus, first pub.
1715, at Rome. The poet thus announces his subject:
Primus ab Europa, Solis qui viserit urnam,
Perque prophanatum velis mare, maxima regna
Regibus Hispanis, orbemque adjecerit orbi,
Sit mihi materies operis.”—Lib, i. 1.
rejoiced to find from the certainty that if the opinion
made as much against, as it fortunately does for, the his-
torian's reputation, it would not be withheld from our
readers. Our duty is neither to bury Cæsars nor to praise
them, but rather to faithfully chronicle the recorded de-
cisions of the great judges of literary jurisprudence. M.
Navarrete may well be supposed to have entertained a
natural anxiety that the copious collections for the illus-
tration of the Life of Columbus which he had brought
together, at the price of so many days and nights of per-
severing industry and careful research, should be faithfully
made known to those who could only enjoy them in an
English dress. Indeed, as we have seen in a preceding
page, nothing more was originally contemplated by Mr.
Everett than a translation by Irving of Navarrete's Collec-
cion. But, fortunately for the cause of letters, Mr. Irving
determined upon a more comprehensive undertaking:
**On considering the matter more maturely, [he remarks.] I per
ceived that, although there were many books, in various languages,
relative to Columbus, they all contained limited and incomplete
accounts of his life and voyages; while numerous valuable tracts
on the subject existed only in manuscript or in the form of letters,
journals, and public muniments. It appeared to me that a his
tory faithfully digested from these various materials was a deside-
ratum in literature, and would be a more satisfactory occupation
to myself, and a more acceptable work to my country, than the
translation I had contemplated.”—Madrid, 1827 : Pref. to 1st edit.
Life of Columbus.
The work was completed, and this decisive seal to its
excellence was impressed by the learned Navarrete him-
self:
"Chart of Columbus.-An old picture-dealer has lately sold to
the Spanish Government, for 4000 fr., the chart which the pilot of
Columbus, Juan de la Cossa, used in his voyage to the New World.
It was formerly in one of the public libraries of Spain; and, when
the galleries and churches of that country were ravaged by Mar-
shal Soult, it fell into his hands, with The Conception, by Murillo,
and various other spoils."
In the adduction of opinions respecting the manner in
which Mr. Irving has acquitted himself in the responsible
office of the biographer of the Great Admiral, with whom
can we so properly begin as with that eminent scholar to
whose researches Mr. Irving and the world at large are
so much indebted for all that we know of the illustrious
Genoese? And here we are greatly pleased in being able
to quote in evidence the most unqualified commendation
--
Yo me complazco en que los documentos y noticias que publicó
en mi coleccion sobre los primeros acontecimientos de la historia
de América bayan recaido en manos tan hábiles para apreciar su
autenticidad, para examinarlas con crítica, y propagarlas por todos
partes, echando los fundamentos de la verdad que hasta ahora bá
sido tan adulterada por los escritores parciales ó sistemáticos."-
From a letter dated Madrid, April 1. 1831.
It is proper that we should next quote the verdict of
Mr. Alexander H. Everett, so intimately connected with
the inception of this great enterprise,-one of the ripest
scholars that America has yet produced, and a critic of
too much candour to permit his own interest in the work
or his friendship for the author to either influence his
judgment or qualify its expression:
66 This is one of those works which are at the same time the
delight of readers and the despair of crities. It is as nearly per-
fect as any work well can be; and there is therefore little or
nothing left for the reviewer but to write at the bottom of every
page, as Voltaire said he should be obliged to do if he published
a commentary on Racine, Pulchré! bene! optimé!... Île has at
length filled up the void that before existed, in this respect, in the
literature of the world, and produced a work which will fully
satisfy the public and supersede the necessity of any future
We recently cut the following notice from some paper labours in the same field. While we venture to predict that the
of the day:
adventures of Columbus will hereafter be read only in the work
of Mr. Irving, we cannot but think it a beautiful coincidence
that the task of duly celebrating the achievements of the disco-
verer of our continent should have been reserved for one of its
inhabitants; and that the earliest professed author of first-rate
talent who appeared among us should have devoted one of his
most important and finished works to this pious purpose.
Such bonors Ilion to her hero paid,
And peaceful slept the mighty Hector's shade.'
For the particular kind of historical writing in which Mr. Irving
is fitted to labor and excel, the Life of Columbus is undoubtedly
one of the very best-perhaps we might say, without the fear of
mistake, the very best-subject afforded by the annals of the world.
..In treating this happy and splendid subject, Mr. Irving has
the principles of historical writing would admit."-N. Amer. Rev.,
out the full force of his as far as a just regard for
xxviii. 103, 128, 129, Jan. 1829.
The verdict of the brilliant historian of the Reign of
·
The same distinguished authority, in the Introduction.
to the 3d vol. of bis Collection of Spanish Voyages, after
adducing a number of testimonials to the usefulness of the
two first vols., (1825, 4to,) remarks:
·
941
IRV
IRV
Ferdinand and Isabella-who has so greatly distinguished
himself by his researches in the same field of historical
investigation as that in which Mr. Irving gleaned so
abundant a harvest-must have been awaited by the latter
with no little anxiety. In a notice of the publication of
the Coleccion of Señor Navarrete, to which we have fre-
quently referred, Mr. Prescott remarks:
L
Fortunately, Mr. Irving's visit to Spain at this period enabled
the world to derive the full benefit of Señor Navarrete's researches,
by presenting their results in connexion with whatever had been
before known of Columbus, in the lucid and attractive form which
engages the interest of every reader. It would seem highly proper
that the fortunes of the discoverer of America should engage the
pen of an inhabitant of her most favoured and enlightened region;
and it is unnecessary to add, that the task has been executed in
a manner which must secure to the historian a share in the im-
perishable renown of his subject.”—Ferd. and Isabella, 11th ed.
1856, ii. 133.
"It is not necessary to pursue the track of the illustrious voya-
ger whose career, forming the most brilliant episode to the history
of the present reign, has been so recently traced by a hand which
few will care to follow."-Ibid., ii. 465–466. See also 482–83, n.
"The noblest monument to the memory of Columbus.”—Ibid.,
ii. 509.
+6
I will only remark, in conclusion of this too prolix discussion
about myself, that, while making my tortoise-like progress, I saw
what I had fondly looked upon as my own ground (having indeed
lain unmolested by any other invader for so many ages) suddenly
entered, and in part occupied, by one of my countrymen. I allude
to Mr. Irving's History of Columbus and Chronicle of Granada;
the subjects of which. although covering but a small part of my
whole plan, form certainly two of its most brilliant portions. Now,
alas! if not devoid of interest, they are at least stripped of the
charm of novelty. For what eye has not been attracted to the
spot on which the light of that writer's genius has fallen ?"—Ibid.,
i., Pref., xi.-xii.
1
In his Preface to the History of the Conquest of Mexico,
Mr. Prescott, referring to the passage just quoted, notices
it as a "singular chance," that, after collecting the mate-
rials for his last-named work, he found himself "uncon-
sciously taking up ground which Mr. Irving was preparing
to occupy." But we have already noticed this fact in our
Life of CHARLES JAMES Fox, p. 624 of this Dictionary, to
which the reader is referred. We had intended to quote
other comments of Mr. Prescott's upon Irving's History
of Columbus, but, as our article already lengthens beyond
our intended limits, we must be content to refer the reader
to the Preface to Mexico, ix., x.; Ibid., iii. 252, n.; Pres-
cott's review of Irving's Chronicle of the Conquest of
Granada, in N. Amer. Rev., xxix. 293–314, Oct. 1829. See
also W. H. Gardiner's review of Prescott's Ferd. and Isa-
bella, in N. Amer. Rev., xlvi. 203-291, Jan. 1838,-Pres-
cott and Irving Compared, &c.
We proceed with our quotations; but they must be brief:
"This is on the whole an excellent book; and we venture to
anticipate that it will be an enduring one. Neither do we hazard
this prediction lightly, or without a full consciousness of all it im-
plies.... For we inean, not merely that the book will be familiarly
known and referred to some twenty or thirty years hence, and will
pass in solid binding into every considerable collection; but that
it will supersede all former works on the same subject, and never
be itself superseded."-LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Rev., xlviii. 1–32,
Sept. 1828.
··
This work is written with the attractions of style and taste,
and glowing description, which belong to the inspiration of the
theme, and to the genius of the distinguished author."-CHAN
CELLOR KENT.
"A life of Columbus authentic, clear, and animated in narra-
tion, graphic in its descriptive episodes, and sustained and finished
in style. It is a permanent contribution to English as well as
American literature; one which was greatly needed and most ap-
propriately supplied."-IIENRY T. TUCKERMAN: Sketch of Amer. Lit.
"Since I have been here, I have contrived (by reading a half-
hour in the night and a half-hour in the morning) to perase the
whole of Irving's Life of Columbus, in three volumes. It is quite
an interesting work, though I think too much spread out by repe-
tition of the same thoughts and descriptions. It is in all respects,
however, reputable to the literature of our country."-JUDGE
STORY: Letter to Wm. W. Story, Washington, Feb. 21, 1836.
Judge Story's comment reminds us of a similar one
recorded by Tom Moore, and Cooper's ready retort:
6
When Rogers, in talking of Washington Irving's Columbus,
said, in his dry, significant way. It's rather long,' Cooper turned
round on him, and said, sharply, That's a short criticism."-
Moore's Diory, May 27, 1828.
•
"Davison mentioned the enormous price given by Murray for
Irving's two last works; 3000 guineas for Columbus, and 2000l. for
the Chronicles of Granada; the latter never likely, he said, to sell
at all.”—Ibid., July 16, 1829.
"It is true that for Murray (according to his own account) they
have not been so fortunate; his loss on the two publications being
(as he says) near 3000l., which may not be far from the truth, as
the Chronicles have not sold at all.”—Ibid., Nov. 12, 1829.
"By the accession of his volumes, we have now the biography
of Columbus; as by Robertson's [IIistory of America] we Lafore
had, and still have, the history. Mr. Irving's has been to me a very
interesting production, sometimes marked with passages of great
force and beauty; and it contains every thing respecting Columbus
that can be wanted. He has had valuable sources of information,
which he describes, and which were not within the reach of Ro
bertson. Still, his volumes only show, as usual, the merits of
Robertson. Upon looking over the historian's account once more,
I see no mistakes, and no material omissions: in a concise and
calm manner every particular of importance is intimated to the
reader; and Mr. Irving has only told in the detail (but in a very
interesting and agreeable manner, and I recommend his volumes
to you) what our excellent historian had told before."-Prof.
Smythe's Lects. on Mod. Hist.
There is another comparison between Robertson and
Irving which it occurs to us to quote. It is one drawn
by Lord Brougham in his Life of Dr. Robertson, and
elicited by the account of the latter, in his History of
America, of the first discovery of land by Columbus:
"If the word dramatic," remarks his lordship," has been applied
to this narrative, it has been advisedly chosen; because no one
can doubt that with the most scrupulous regard to the truth, and
all the beauties of a striking poem. To judge of its merits in this
even to the minute accuracy of his history, this composition has
respect, I will not compare or rather contrast it with the Histories
of Oviedo or Herrera, or Ferdinand Columbus, or even with the
far better composition of Dr. Campbell, or whoever wrote the his-
tory of the discovery in Harris's Bibliotheca Itinerarium, nor yet
with the ambitious but worse-written narrative of Mr. Washing-
ton Irving in his Life and Voyages of Columbus," &c.
When he writes the history of Columbus, you see him weigh-only
ing doubtful facts in the scales of a golden criticism. You behold
You behold
him laden with the manuscript treasures of well-searched archives,
and disposing the heterogeneous materials into a well-digested and
instructive narration.”—EDWARD EVERETT: N. Amer. Rev., xli. 5,
July, 1835.
1.
The noble critic then proceeds (in a note) to quoto ex-
amples from both writers:
•
:
C
"It is no part of my intention to underrate the merits of this
very popular author: but I speak of the manner in which he has
treated the subject; and, coming after so great a master, it was
not judicious in him to try for effect, instead of studying the
chaste simplicity of his predecessor. These are a few of his ex-
pressions: The ships were ploughing the waves: Columbus was
wrapped in the shades of night:' be maintained an intense
watch heranged his eye along the dusky horizon; he beheld
suddenly a glimmering light.' Robertson had never thought of
saying 'suddenly,' as knowing that light must of necessity be
sudden. Then the light has 'passing gleams;' his feelings 'must
have been tumultuous and intense:' contrary to the fact, and to
the character of the man; the great mystery of the ocean was
revealed what a bewildering crowd of conjectures thronged ou
his mind! All this speculation of the writer to insure the effect,
Dr. Robertson rejects as fatal to effect, and gives only what actually
happened. Finally, he was possibly to find the morning dawn
upon spicy groves, and glittering fanes, and gilded cities.' Surely
no one can hesitate which of the two pictures to prefer. If the
one is not absolutely tawdry, the other is assuredly more chaste.
To compare the two pieces of workmanship is a good lesson, and
may tend to cure a vitiated taste, (Book iii. Chap. 3.) To take only
standing on the forecastle, observed a light at a distance, and
one instance: About two hours before midnight, Columbus,
privately pointed it out to Pedro,' &c. Thus Robertson. Irving
says, Wrapped from observation in the shades of night, he main-
tained an intense and unremitting watch, ranging his eye along
the dusky horizon. Suddenly, about ten o'clock, he thought he
beheld a light glimmering at a distance.' Can any one doubt
which of the two passages is the most striking.-the chaste and
severe, or the ornamented and gaudy and meretricious? The
account of Robertson makes the ships lie-to all night. Irving
either makes them lie-to. and afterwards go on sailing rapidly;
or the lying to was the night before, and they sailed quicker the
nearer they came to land and in the dusk. The one makes them
see the shore after dawn; the other makes them see it two
leagues off, in a dark night, at two in the morning, within the
tropics."-Lives of Men of Letters of the Time of George III., Lon.
and Glasg., 1855, 265, 265–266. n. See a criticism on this critique
| in the Boston Christian Review, xv. 203.
¿
•
6
/
See also Lon. Month. Rev., exv. 419, cxxiv. 244; Lon
Lit. Gaz., 1828, 65–67; Amer. Quar. Rev., iii. 173, ix. 163
South. Rev., ii. 1, vii. 214; South. Lit. Mess., vi. 569;
Phila. Mus. of For. Lit.. xiii. 23, from Lon. Weekly Rev.
7. CHRONICLE OF THE CONQUEST OF GRANADA, FROM
THE MSS. OF FRAY ANTONIO AGAPIDA, 1829.
Perhaps we need hardly inform our readers that the
worthy chronicler Fray is an imaginary personage.
"Mr. Irving's late publication, the Chronicle of the Conquest of
Granada. has superseded all further necesssity for poetry, and. un
fortunately for me, for history. He has fully availed himself of
all the picturesque and animating movements of this romantic
era; and the reader who will take the trouble to compare bis
Chronicle with the present more prosaic and literal narrative
[War of Granada, in Ferd. and Isabella] will see how little he has
been seduced from historic accuracy by the poetical aspect of his
subject. The fictitious and romantic dress of his work has enabled
opinions and chimerical fancies of the age, while he has illumi-
him to make it the medium for reflecting more vividly the floating
nated the picture with the dramatic brilliancy of colouring denied
to sober history.”—Prescott's Ferd. and Isubella, 11th ed., 1856, ii.
109, n.
And see Mr. Prescott's review of the Chronicle, in N.
Amer. Rev., xxix. 293-314; also in his Miscellanies, 1855,
88-122.
"A few works recently published in the United States have shed
far more light [than Robertson's Charles V. and Watson's Philip
11.] on the interior organization and intellectual culture of the
Spanish nation. Such, for example, are the writings of Irving,
whose gorgeous colouring reflects so clearly the chivalrous splen
942
IRV
IRV
1
dours of the fifteenth century."—Ibid., Miscell., 125–126, 7. v.;
(from N. Amer. Rev., July, 1837.)
|
Since Mr. Prescott's commendation was penned, the
Chronicle has been brought more strictly within historical
bounds, and in other respects also greatly improved.
"His Chronicle, at times, wears almost the air of romance; yet
the story is authenticated by frequent reference to existing docu-
ments, proving that he has substantial foundation for his most
extraordinary incidents."-Lon. Quar. Rev., xliii. 55-80.
This article, explanatory of the work, and carefully
avoiding commendation, was written for the Quarterly by
Mr. Irving, at the request of Mr. John Murray. See also
Lon. Month. Rev., exix. 430; Amer. Month. Rev., v. 190;
Lon. Lit. Gaz., 1829, 329.
8. VOYAGES OF THE COMPANIONS OF COLUMBUS, 1831.
See Lon. Month. Rev., N. S., xvi. 244; Lon. Gent. Mag,
1831, Pt. 1, 143; Prescott's Conq. of Peru, ed. 1855, i.
198, n.
9. THE ALHAMBRA, 1832.
"On the whole, we consider the work before us as equal in lite-
rary value to any of the others of the same class, with the excep
tion of The Sketch-Book; and we should not be surprised if it
were read as extensively as even that very popular production.
We hope to have it in our power, at no remote period, to announce
a continuation of the series, which we are satisfied will bear, in
the booksellers' phrase, several more volumes."-EDWARD EVERETT:
N. Amer. Rev. xxxv. 265–282. Oct. 1832.
A very suggestive remark occurs in the course of this
review, which we quote with the hope that it will bring
forth fruit in its season:
Doubtless the reader of Mr. Irving's thrilling account
of his midnight explorations of the Alhambra has often
asked himself, "How much of this is sober matter of fact,
and how much poetical license?" We are fortunately en-
abled to answer this question from a letter of Mr. Irving
to the author of this Dictionary:
"The account of my midnight rambles about the old palace is
literally true, yet gives but a feeble idea of my feelings and im-
pressions and of the singular haunts I was exploring. Every thing
in the work relating to myself and to the actual inhabitants of the
Alhambra is unexaggerated fact: it was only in the legends that
I indulged in romancing; and these were founded on materials
picked up about the place.
“To S. AUSTIN ALLIBONE.
Sunnyside, Nov. 2, 1857.”
10. A TOUR ON THE PRAIries, 1835.
"To what class of compositions the present work belongs we are
hardly able to say. It can scarcely be called a book of travels, for
there is too much painting of manners and scenery, and too little
statistics; it is not a novel, for there is no story; and it is not a
romance, for it is all true. It is a sort of sentimental journey, a
romantic excursion, in which nearly all the elements of several
different kinds of writing are beautifully and gaily blended into
a production almost sui generis. . . . We are not sure that the pas
sage in the book which we have read with greatest satisfaction is
not that in which we are promised its continuation."-EDWARD
EVERETT: N. Amer. Rev., xli. 1-28, July, 1835.
great variety of somewhat discordant materials is brought into a
consistent whole, of which the parts bave a due reference to each
other; and some sketches of life and traits of humour come fresh
from the pen of Geoffrey Crayon."-EDWARD EVERETT: N. Amer.
Rev., xliv. 200-237, Jan. 1837.
"I have read Astoria with great pleasure: it is a book to put in
your library, as an entertaining, well-written-very well-written
-account of savage life, on a most extensive scale. Ellice, who
has just come from America, says Mr. Astor is worth £5.000.000
sterling: but Baring does not believe it, or is jealous perhaps."-
Rev. Sydney Smith to Sir George Philips, Combe Foley, Dec. 22,
1836: Smith's Letters and Corresp., 1855, vol. ii.
"The narrative, though told with the grace of the writer, is
necessarily dry.”—Blackw. Mug., xli. 169, Feb. 1837, q. v.
"The period of the Moorish ascendency is, perhaps, the most
Interesting in the annals of Spain, and would furnish a fit subject
for a more methodical, extensive, and elaborate historical descrip-
tion than has yet been given of it in any language."
Since the above was written, Mr. Prescott, indeed, has
given us his truly great work on the Reign of Ferdinand
and Isabella, in which we have a graphic account of the
decadence-or, more properly speaking, the extirpation-
of the Moorish power in Spain; and he has not neglected
eloquently to dilate upon the ancient glories of Cordova,
Seville, and Granada in their best estate; but it did not
enter into his plan to discuss this comprehensive theme
in the extent which can alone do it justice. With the
vast collections which he has already made, the profound
knowledge of the subject which the digestion of those
materials has conferred, and the eloquence and force of
his historic pen, what better subject can Mr. Prescott have
than the one we have ventured to suggest?
suggest? But, before
we entirely forget Mr. Irving in this episode, we must
remember to notice that, whilst Mr. Everett ranks The Al-
hambra below The Sketch-Book, Mr. Prescott very happily
refers to the volume as the "beautiful Spanish Sketch-
book, The Alhambra." See Ferd. and Isabella, 11th ed.,
1856, ii. 100, n. See other reviews of The Alhambra, in
the Westminster Rev., xvii. 132; Lon. Athen., 1832, 283;
Amer. Month. Rev., ii. 117. We must commend to the
attention of those fond of the remains of Moorish anti-
quity, the splendid publication of Owen Jones, 1842-45,
2 vols. fol. columbia, £24, or in grand eagle fol., £36,
entitled Illustrations of the Palace of the Alhambra.
But "to proceed with our subject," as the divines say,
which has "naturally divided itself" into a hydra-headed
discourse: other reviews of Astoria will be found in the
Westminster Rev., xxvi. 318; Amer. Quar. Rev., xxi. 60;
South. Lit. Mess., iii. 59. See also Franchère's Narrative
of a Voyage to the Northwest Coast of America, in 1811-
14, trans. into English by J. V. Huntingdon, N. York,
1854, 12mo. This work contains comments upon some of
the statements in Irving's Astoria.
|
12. THE ADVENTURES OF CAPTAIN BONNEVILLE, Lon.
and Phila., 1837, 2 vols. 12mo.
"Washington Irving, after gleaning the romance of Europe. is
now indefatigably labouring at the romance of America."-Black.
Mag. xlii. 64–67, July, 1837.
6.
These volumes are full of exciting incident, and, by reason of
Mr. Irving's fine taste and attractive style, they possess the power
and the charms of romance."-CHANCELLOR KENT.
We must not omit to quote the following well-merited
tribute to a gentleman who, by his extensive circulation
America, has honestly earned the title of a benefactor to
of sound literature for many years both in Europe and
the public mind. We refer to Mr. Irving's friend and
publisher, Mr. George P. Putnam, of New York:
See also Dubl. Univ. Mag., v. 555; and see reviews of
The Crayon Miscellany, in South. Lit. Mess., i. 646;
South. Lit. Jour., i. S.
"We notice Astoria and the Tour on the Prairies now, only on
account of their connection with our subject, and to commend the
ing world what has long been wanted,-a neat and uniform edition
taste and enterprise of the publisher who has given to the read-
of all the writings of Mr. Irving, at a price which ought to obtain
for them a wide circulation. These two works, which have all the
pleasing characteristics of the author's style, appear very season-
ably in a new edition.”—Prof. Francis BowEN: Adrentures on the
Prairies, in N. Amer. Rev., Ixix. 175-196, July, 1849.
We have not the slightest interest in the gains or losses
of Mr. Putnam's copy-rights, but we have much in the
moral and intellectual cultivation of the mind and heart
of our countrymen and country women, and therefore, as
Lord Chesterfield said of the witty scintillations of the
Dean of St. Patrick's, "He that hath any books in the
three kingdoms hath those of Swift," so say we, He that
hath any books in this great republic should have those of
Irving. As for those who have no books,-if any such
there be,-in that household you may look for ennui,
mental and physical languor, gossiping, dissipation, and
"every evil work." As Sancho Panza conferred his
hearty benediction upon the philanthropic inventor of
sleep, so do we cordially revere the character of the lite-
rary Howard who founded the first family library. Of
Sancho's favourite recreation he could only say, in the
height of his somniferous pæan, that it "covered a man
like a mantle;" but of good books we can testify that they
nurture the soul with the food of angels.
13. OLIVER GOLDSMITH: A BIOGRAPHY, N. York, 1849,
12mo. This work we have already noticed in our Lives.
of JOHN FORSTER and OLIVER GOLDSMITH, in this Dic-
tionary. See also Lon. Athen., 1849, 1151–1152.
14. MAHOMET AND HIS SUCCESSORS, 1850, 2 vols. 12mo.
See N. Amer. Rev., Ixxi. 273; N. York Church Rev., iii.
401; South. Quar. Rev., xx. 173.
15. WOLFERT'S ROOST, 1855, 12mo. This rol. forms
No. of Constable's Miscellany of Foreign Literature,
pub. at Edinburgh. The publication of this vol. elicited
so many complimentary notices, that the New York pub
lishers, Messrs. Geo. P. Putnam & Co., issued a collection
of them in pamphlet form of 24 pages. This little bro-
chure should accompany every set of Irving's works. We
give an extract from a notice which has escaped the vigi-
lance of the publisher:
"We envy those who will now read these tales and sketches of
character for the first time. Washington Irving is here, as he
always is, equal to himself. He has the finish of our best writers;
he has the equality and gentle humour of Addison and Gold-
smith."-Westminster Rev., April, 1855.
11. ASTORIA, Lon., 1836, 3 vols. cr. Svo; Phila., 1836,
2 vols. 8vo. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 283. In
French, trans. by P. N. Grolier, 1839, 2 vols. Svo.
Another complimentary notice, also not in the pamphlet
just referred to, appeared in the Lon. New Monthly Maga-
zine, and was copied into the Boston Living Age for Aug.
11, 1855. From a review of Wolfert's Roost, in the Lon.
Athenæum, 1855, 192–193, we have already given an ex-
tract in our article on Ralph Waldo Emerson, to which
the render is referred.
"The whole work bears the impress of Mr. Irving's taste.
A
943
IRV
IRV
16. THE LIFE of George WASHINGTON, N. York, vol. i.,
1855; vols. ii., iii., 1856; iv., 1857. See ante.
We have before us a number of eulogistic reviews of
the early vols. of this as yet unfinished history; but it is
obvious that a production of this character must be re-
garded as a whole, and that no intelligent, impartial criti-
cism can be expected until those among us learned in
historic lore shall have had opportunity to sit in judgment
upon a completed work, and compare
Paper" documents with the biographer's charming story.
That such verdiet will be a favourable one, Mr. Irving's
well-known conscientiousness as a historian forbids us to
doubt. In the mean time, there can be no impropriety in
our remarking that the biographer has well merited the
gratitude of his countrymen for transporting the illustrious
commander from the learned austerity of the Senate-
Chamber, and the chilling dignity of Congressional Li-
braries, to the domestic familiarity of the parlour and the
winter-evening fireside of the cottage. Reviews of the
early vols. of the Life of Washington will be found,-of
vol. i., in Westminster Rev., Oct. 1855; vol. iii., Ibid., Oct.
1856; vols. i., ii., iii., Lon. Athenæum, Aug. 16, 1856; i.,
ii., iii., N. Amer. Rev., July, 1856.
|
As every thing concerning Washington Irving may be
presumed to be interesting to the reader, we quote the
following genealogical scrap from Dennistoun's Memoirs
of Sir Robert Strange:
“John of Irwyn had landed possessions in the parish of Holm,
in Orkney, in 1438, when the county was still au appanage of the
crown of Denmark and Norway. The Irvines of Sebay are very
frequently mentioned in the times of Robert and Patrick Stewart,
Earls of Orkney, and suffered very severely from the outrages of
these rapacious nobles. They became extinct in the direct male
line tempore Charles I.; but one collateral branch had immediately
before settled in the island of Sanday, and another, the Irvines
of Gairstay, in the island of Shapinshay. They lost the estate of
Gairstay several generations back, and sank down into the condi-
tion of mere peasants, tenants of Quhome. where some of them
reside at this day. I was there lately with Mr. Balfour, the pro-
prietor of Shapinshay, who pointed out the old and modest house
at Quhome where was born William Irvine, father of Washington
Irving. Is it not somewhat singular that Sir Robert Strange and
the author of Bracebridge Hall can be almost demonstrated of the
same blood? I guess if Irving knew his pedigree could be traced
step by step up to John Erwyn of 1438, he would readily claim
and vindicate his Orcadian descent."
In addition to the authorities quoted in the course of
this article, see also Homes of American Authors; Gris-
wold's Prose Writers of America; Duyckincks' Cyc. of
Amer. Lit.; Sketch of Irving, by H. T. Tuckerman; Miss
Bremer's Impressions of America; Madden's Life of the
Countess of Blessington; H. B. Wallace's Literary Criti-
cisms; Edin. Rev., Ixi. 23; Blackw. Mag., xiv. 564; Fra-
ser's Mag., iv. 435, xii. 409; South. Quar. Rev., viii. 69;
South. Lit. Mess., viii. 275; Amer. Whig. Rev., xii. 602,
(by J. B. Cobb;) Democrat. Rev., ix. 573; Ibid., xxi. 488,
(by P. H. Mayer;) United States Lit. Gaz., i. 177; N. York
Eclec. Mag., xv. 412; Bost. Chris. Rev., xv. 203; Bost. Liv.
Age, xliv. 723, (from Lon. Spectator.) We have already
referred to Lord Byron's enthusiastic attachment to the
writings and character of Irving, (Life of Lord Byron in
this Dictionary.) In a letter to Tom Moore, (Ravenna,
July 5, 1821,) he remarks:
"I have had a friend of your Mr. Irving's, ... and talked with
him much of Irving, whose writings are my delight."
Again, under date of Sept. 24, 1821, he proposes to Mur-
ray, as one of the articles of their future correspondence,
that he should not send him "any modern, or (as they are
called) new, publications, in English, whatsoever, save and
excepting any of Walter Scott, Crabbe, Irving, (the
American,)" &c.
6.
· • ·
The names of Cooper. Channing, and Washington Irving,"
remarks the historian of Modern Europe, amply demonstrate
that the American soil is not wanting in genius of the most ele
.<
vated and fascinating character."-SI ARCHIBALD ALISON: Hist. of
Europe, 1789-1815, chap. lxxvi.
↓↓
Mr. Stewart, of the American Navy, a friend of the pre-
sent Emperor of France, tells us that, when in New York,
Louis Napoleon declined to "appear in society," but adds:
There are, however,' remarked the prince, ‘individuals resi-
dent in New York whose acquaintance I should be happy to make.
Mr. Washington Irving is one. I have read his works, and admire
him both as a writer and a man, and would take great pleasure
in meeting him. Chancellor Kent is another. I have studied his
Commentaries, think highly of them, and regard him as the first
of your jurists. I would be happy to know him personally.""
"He did make the acquaintance both of Mr. Irving and the
Chancellor," continues Mr. Stewart, “and enjoyed the hospitality
of the one at Sunnyside, and of the other at his residence in
town.”—Leller of Rev. C. S. Stewart, N. York, April 4, 1856, to the
National Intelligencer.
How many can echo this remark of Napoleon!—“ I ad-
mire him both as a writer and as a man." It is indeed
true, to borrow the words of an eminent American poet,
"Amiableness is so strongly marked in all Mr. Irving's writings
as never to let you forget the man; and the pleasure is doubled
in the same manner as it is in lively conversation with one for
whom you have a deep attachment and esteem. There is in it also
the gayety and airiness of a light, pure spirit.—a fanciful playing
with common things, and here and there beautiful touches, till the
Judicrous becomes half picturesque.”—RICHARD H. DANA, SR.: N.
Amer. Rev., ix. 336, Sept. 1819.
after forty years, and over the large pile of volumes which
If Mr. Dana were called upon to reaffirm the above,
Mr. Irving has since given to the world, we are satisfied
that he would do it without a moment's hesitation.
Many years ago Edward Everett advised the young
aspirant after literary distinction,
**
If he wishes to study a style which possesses the characteristic
beauties of Addison's, its ease, simplicity, and elegance, with greater
accuracy. point, and spirit, let him give his days and nights to the
volumes of Irving."-N. Amer. Rev., xli. 4, July, 1835.
Young men have followed this advice most sedulously;
and, indeed, a number of years before this counsel was
penned, Mr. Irving's example had produced wonders:
"The great effect which it has produced is sufficiently evident
already, in the number of good writers, in various forms of elegant
literature, who have sprung up among us within the few years
which have elapsed since the appearance of Mr. Irving, and who
justify our preceding remark, that he may fairly be considered as
the founder of a school."-ALEXANDER H. EVERETT: N. Amer. Rev.,
xxviii. 111. Jan. 1829.
"Ileretofore the essays of Washington Irving have offered a
solitary specimen of the lighter literature of America, but we can
now only regard Geoffrey Crayon as the founder of a class of wri-
ters, who follow closely in his footsteps."--Court Journal: Notice
of Stories of American Life, edited by Mary Russell Mitford.
If an
These remarks applies to both sides of the water.
English reviewer desire to pay an especially bandsome
compliment to an author,-
compliment to an author,-presuming that the case admits.
of a likeness being instituted at all,—he is very likely to be
strongly reminded of the style of the author of The Sketch-
Book. Let us cite some instances. The author of the
article on George Colman and Bonnel Thornton's Connois-
seur, in Chambers's Cyclopedia of English Literature,
quotes a passage from an essay on Country Churches,
"which." says the critic, "seems like a leaf from the note-
book of Washington Irving.'
book of Washington Irving." The reviewer in the London
New Times remarks, of the author of Tales of a Voyager,
that his "humour is of the spirit and quality of Washing-
ton Irving." The London Gentleman's Magazine says
that in the perusal of The Journal of an Exile "we have
frequently been reminded of the style and manner of Tho
Sketch-Book,-the same pathos, the same originality of
thought, the same felicity of expression." The London
Monthly Review is so delighted with The Lucubrations of
Major Humphrey Ravelin, that it declares that "many of
rear, in competition
the practised writers must full into the
with Major Ravelin, who must stand muster with Geoffrey
Crayon." The London Spectator, in a notice of the Auto-
biography of Hugh Miller, remarks that "his style has
a purity and elegance which reminds one of Irving and
Goldsmith." One of the most distinguished of American
authors is not disposed to think that any of Irving's imi-
tators have equalled their master; at least, this was his
opinion at the time he penned the article from which we
are about to quote:
"The candour with which the English have recognised Mr.
Irving's literary merits is equally honorable to both parties, while
his genius has experienced a still more unequivocal homage, in
the countless imitations to which he has given rise: imitations
whose uniform failure. notwithstanding all the appliances of ac-
complishment and talent, prove their model to be inimitable.”-
WILLIAM II. PRESCOTT: N. Amer. Rev., xxxv. 191-192. July, 1832.
It is only proper to remark that Mr. Prescott has no
reference, so far as we are aware, to either of the com-
parisons cited above. They were collected by ourselves,
in the course of desultory reading. Washington Irving,
indeed, can never be confounded with the host of his imi-
tators, abroad or at home. His literary reputation rests
upon sure foundations,--broad, deep, well settled, and
immutable. As regards his own country,
"Other writers may no doubt arise in the course of time, who
will exhibit in verse or prose a more commanding talent, and soar
a still loftier flight in the empyrean sky of glory. Some western
Homer, Shakspeare, Milton, Corneille, or Calderon, may irradiate
other greatness into the shade. This, or something like it, may or
our literary world with a flood of splendour that shall throw all
may not happen; but, even if it should, it can never be disputed
that the mild and beautiful genius of Mr. Irving was the Morning
Star that led up the march of our heavenly host; and that he has
a fair right, much fairer certainly than the great Mantuan, to
assume the proud device, Primus ego in patriam."-ALEXANDER
H. EVERETT: N. Amer. Rev., xxviii. 110, Jan. 1829.
As respects Mr. Irving's fame abroad, it is certainly
true, as Mr. Prescott remarks, that his merits have been-
from the first, we will add-warmly acknowledged by
British critics and cordially appreciated by British readers.
944
IRV
JAC
The circulation of his delightful volumes is by no means
confined to the literary circles of the critics:
To my poor cottage, rich only in printed paper," reinarks an
accomplished lady, "people all come to borrow books for them-
selves or for their children. Sometimes they make their own
selections: sometimes, much against my will, they leave the choice
to me; and in either case I know no books that are oftener lent
than those that bear the pseudonym of Geoffrey Crayon. Few,
very few, can show a long succession of volumes so pure, so grace-
ful, and so varied as Mr. Irving.”—Mory Russell Mitford's Recol-
lections of a Literary Life,
..
Such a tribute as this must be peculiarly grateful to Mr.
Irving. "It is excellent," says Isabella to the haughty
duke, "to have a giant's strength;" but there is a rarer
and more precious gift. To have the power, by the magic
of the inspiration of genius, to elevate the mind and to
improve the heart,-to cause the rich to forget their covet-
ousness and the poor their poverty,-to while away the
tedious hours of declining age, of bodily pain, or mental
disquietude,—this is indeed a gift more excellent than the
giant's strength, the victor's laurel, or the conqueror's
crown; and this honour has WASHINGTON IRVING,-the
author of THE SKETCH-Book and THE ALHAMBRA, the
biographer of COLUMBUS and of WASHINGTON.
Irving, William, 1766–1821, a native of the city of
New York, a brother of Washington Irving, was engaged
in mercantile business in the place of his birth for a num-
ber of years, and from 1813 to '19 was a member of the
National Congress. In 1793 he was married to a sister
of James K. Paulding, and assisted him and Washing-
ton Irving in the composition of Salmagundi,-noticed
at length in the preceding article. To this popular pe-
riodical William contributed the poetry, and hints and
sketches for some of the essays. Of the other three bro-
thers of Washington Irving, Ebenezer, born in 1776, is
still living, (in 1857,) and resides with Washington Irving
at Sunnyside; Peter, born in 1771, died in 1838; and
John Treat, born in 1778, died in 1838. The last two have
been noticed or an earlier page of our Dictionary.
Irvinus, Anglice, Irvine or Irving.
Irwin, Viscountess. See HOWARD, ANNE.
Irwin, Eyles, 1748-1817, of the E. India Co., a na-
tive of Calcutta, of Irish parents, pub. a number of poems,
letters, &c., 1771-1814, and the following work, by which
he is best known: Series of Adventures in the Course of
a Voyage up the Red Sea, in Letters to a Lady, &c., Lon.,
1780, 4to; 3d ed., 1787, 2 vols. Svo.
"Chiefly valuable for the information which his personal adven-
tures necessarily give of the manners, &c. of the Arabians."-Ste-
venson's Voyages and Travels.
Irwin, F. C. Western Australia in 1835, Lon., Svo.
Irwin, G. Soap-Suds Manure; Nic. Jour., 1808.
Irwin, Thomas. Versicles, Dubl., 1856.
"The poetry of Irwin is rich, soft, and musical: indeed, one of its
greatest faults is exuberance.”—Irish Quar. Rev., Jan. 1856.
Isaac, John. 1. Gospel Doctrine of Free Grace, 1788,
12mo. 2. The General Apiarian, 1799, 12mo.
Isaack, Thomas. Methodus Cognoscendi, 1650, 12mo.
Isaacs, Mrs. Novels and Tales, 1809-16, &c.
Isaacs, Hyams. Forms, &c. of the Jews, Lon.,
1834, Svo.
Isaacson, Henry, 1581-1634, a native of London.
Tabula Historico-Chronologica, Lon., 1633, fol. His works
were subsequently pub. in Svo, containing the Life of Bp.
Andrews, &c.
Isdell, Miss Sarah. A novel, &c., Lon., 1809-11.
Isham, Rev. Chester. Sermons. Reviewed in N.
Haven Chris. Month. Spec., vii. 623; viii. 176. A biography
of Mr. Isham, by L. Bacon, will be found in the same
periodical, vii. 611.
Isham, John. Office for the Sick, Lon., 1694, Svo.
Isham, W. The Mud Cabin; or, The Character and
Tendency of British Institutions, N. York, 1853, 12mo.
Isham, Zacheus, d. 1705, Preb. of Canterbury, 1691.
Notes on Job, Proverbs, and Wisdom, and Serms., 1695-
1705.
Itchener, Rev. George. Elegiac Tears, 1766, 4to.
Itchener, Rev. Wm. Defence of the Canon of the
Old Testament, Lon., 1723, Svo.
Ive, Paul. 1. Instructions for the Warres, Lon., 1589,
4to. 2. Practice of Fortification, 1589, '99, 4to.
Ive, Thomas. Humble Appeal, 1654, 4to.
Ivers, F. F. Prince of Asturias, Lon., 1844, 8vo.
Ivers, H. Trials of a Priest, Lon., 1855, 12mo.
Ivery, John. Hertfordshire Melody, 1773, 8vo.
Ives, A. E. Purting Counsel; a Farewell Serm..
Bost., 1855.
Ives, Charles. Chips from the Workshop; a Collec.
tion of Poems, N. Haven, 1848, 12mo.
Ives, Cornelius. 25 Serms. for a Country Congre.
gation, Oxf., 1832, cr. 8vo.
"Admirably adapted to the purpose for which they were writ-
ten."-Lon. Chris. Rememb.
Ives, E. Books on Musical Education, N. York.
Ives, Edward, a surgeon, d. 1780. Voyage from
England to India in 1754, Lon., 1773, 4to.
Ives, Edward O. Remarks on Oude, &c., Lon., 1796,
4to.
Ives, J. M. New England Fruit-Book, Bost.
Ives, Jeremy. Theolog. treatises, 1658-72.
Ives, John, 1751-76, a native of Yarmouth, pub. some
antiquarian papers, and Remarks upon the Garianonum
of the Romans, Lon., 1774, 8vo. See Nichols's Anec.;
Noble's College of Arms; Granger's Letters, by Malcolm;
Lon. Gent. Mag., vols. lvii., lxiii.
Ives, Levi, M.D., 1750-1826, of New Haven, Conn.,
was one of the conductors of Cases and Observations, pub.
at New Haven, and said to be the first medical journal
ever pub. in the U. States.
3.
Ives, Levi Silliman, D.D., LL.D., late Bishop of
the Protestant Episcopal Church in North Carolina, now a
member of the R. Catholic Church. 1. A Catechism, N.
York, 18mo, 2 Pts. 2. Manual of Devotion, 12mo.
Five Serms. on The Apostles' Doctrine and Fellowship,
16mo. 4. Humility a Ministerial Qualification: an Ad-
dress, 1840, 8vo. 5. Serms. on the Obedience of Faith,
1849, 18mo. 6. The Trials of a Mind in its Progress to
Catholicism: a Letter to his Old Friends, Bost., 1853, 12mo;
Lon., 1854, p. Svo. A review of some of Bp. Ives's ser-
mons will be found in Princeton Rev., xvii. 491.
Ivimey, Joseph, a Baptist minister. 1. Life of John
Bunyan, 1809, 12mo. 2. Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress,
with Notes. See BUNYAN, JOHN. 3. Serm., 1809, Svo. 4.
Hist. of the English Baptists, Lon., 1811-23, 3 vols. Svo.
"Highly creditable to yourself and to the denomination to which
you belong.”—Robert Hall to the author, on the first two rols. See
Hall's Works, ed. 1853, ii. 443, n.; v. 521–523.
Irimey also wrote The Life and Times of John Milton,
The Life of Rev. W. Kiffin, and some other works. See
Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Jos. Ivimey, by Geo.
Pritchard, 1835, Svo.
Ivison, Ursula. A Poem, Lon., 1794, '98, Svo.
Ivory, James, 1765-1842, a celebrated mathemati-
cian, a native of Dundee, Scotland, contributed a number
of valuable papers, (1796-1816,) on his favourite branch
of investigation, to Trans. Soc. Edin., Phil. Trans., and
Thom. Ann. Philos. See Chambers and Thomson's Biog.
Diet. of Eminent Scotsmen; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Marquis
of Northampton's Address to the Roy. Soc., 1842; Lord
Brougham's Contrib. to the Edin. Rev., 1856, iii. 183-195.
Ivoryy. Forms of Process before the Ct. of Sess. and
the Com". of Feuds, Edin., 1815-18, 2 vols. Sro.
Ixford, Noah. Purging, Lon., 1690, 12mo.
Izacke, Richard, 1624-1700, a native of Exeter. 1.
Remarkable Antiquities of the City of Exeter, Lou., 1677,
Svo; 1681, Svo; 1722, Svo; 1724, Svo; 1734, Svo. Con-
tinued to 1723 by his son, Samuel Izacke,-Lowndes says
in 1724 or 1731, Svo; according to Watt, 1741, Svo.
“A dry collection, and full of mistakes.”—BP. White Kennet.
2. Alphabet. Register, &c., 1736, Svo. 3. Rights and
Privileges of the Freemen of Exeter, Exeter, 1785, sm. 4to.
Izard, Ralph, an eminent American statesman, Sena-
tor of the United States from South Carolina from 1789 to
'95. Correspondence from 1774 to 1804, with a short
Memoir, Bost., 1844, vol. i., 12mo. Reviewed in Democratic
Rev., xix. 40. No man enjoyed the confidence of General
Washington in a higher degree than Ralph Izard.
J.
po-
Jabet, Wm., Lect. of St. Bartholomew's Chapel, Bir- | Philos. at Leyden, was a native of Aberdeen, Scotland. 1.
ningham. 18 Serms., Lon., 1787, 8vo.
Institutiones Physica Juventutis Lugdunensis Studiis
Jack, Lt.-Col. Six Views of Kot Kangra, Lon., tissimum dicatæ, 1612; again, with notes, 1616. 2. In-
(S47, fol.
stitutiones Medicæ, Lugd. Bat., 1624, '31, '53, 12mo. See
Jack, or Jachaeus, Gilbert, 1578-1628, Prof. of Chambers and Thomson's Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855,
GO
945
JAC
JAC
Jack, or Jachaeus, Thomas, d. 1596, minister of
Eastwood, &c., a Scotsman. Onomasticon Poeticum, siue
Propriorum quibus in suis Monumentis vsi sunt veteres
Poetæ breuis Descriptio poetica, Edinburgi, 1592, 4to.
This rare and curious book should not escape the biblio-
grapher. See McCrie's Life of Melville.
Jack, Richard, Teacher of Mathematics. 1. Ele-
ments of Conic Sections, Edin., 1742, 8vo. 2. Mathemat.
Principles of Theology; or, the Existence of God Geo-
metrically Demonstrated, Lon., 1747, Svo.
"A curious and excellent work."-Dr. ADAM CLARKE.
3. Euclid's Data Restored, Lon., 1756, Svo.
Jackman, Rev. J. Theolog. treatises, 1705–19.
Jackson. Art of Engraving, &c., Lon., 1754, 4to.
Commended as a curious and ingenious work.
Jackson, Mrs. Dialogues on Christianity, 1806, 2
vols. 8vo.
Jackson, Alverey. Saving Faith, Lon., 1752, 8vo.
Jackson, Andrew, d. 1778, aged 83, a London book-
seller. 1. Paradise Lost, Book 1st: in rhyme, 1740. 2
Matrimonial Scenes, modernized from Chaucer, 1750. 3.
In conjunction with Charles Marsh, A Briefe Conceipte
touching the Commonweale of this Realme of England, by
Wm. Shakspeare, the dramatist; originally printed in 1581;
reprinted 1751. The contents of Jackson's book-cata-
logues for 1756, 57, 59, and one without date, were in
rhyme. See Miller's Fly-Leaves, 1854, p. 69.
Jackson, Miss. Pictorial Flora, Lon., 1840, Svo.
Jackson, Abraham. 1. Sorrow's Lenitive: in verse,
Lon., 1614, Svo. 2. Serm., 1618, 8vo. 3. The Pious
Prentice, 1640, Svo.
Jackson, Alfred. Tints from an Amateur's Palette, 1760, Svo. 2. British Isinglass, 1765, Svo.
Lon., 1849, fp. Svo.
Jackson, Major-General Andrew, 1767–1845, a
native of South Carolina, President of the United States,
1829-37. His Farewell Address, with his Will, and 25
Eulogies and Serms. delivered on occasion of his Death,
Phila., 1846, 12mo. The Life of Genl. Jackson has been
written by J. H. Eaton, 1824, Svo, Wm. Cobbett, 1834,
18mo, J. S. Jenkins, Amos Kendall, S. P. Waldo, &c.
For notices of his administration, see Williams and Lo
sing's National Hist. of the U. States; Williams's States-
man's Manual; Poole's Index to Period. Lit.; histories of
the period.
Jackson, Arthur, 1593-1666, a Non-conformist,ejected
from the living of St. Faith's in 1662. 1. A Help for the
Understanding of the Holy Scriptures; or, Annotations on
the Historicall Part of the Old Test.: vol. i., Camb., 1643,
4to; The Pentateuch: vol. ii., 1646, 4to; Joshua-Es-
ther: vol. iii., Lon., 1658, 4to; Job-Song of Solomon.
2. Annotations upon the Whole Book of Isaiah; with Me-
moir of the Author, pub. by his son, 1682, 4to.
"These annotations are not prolix or critical; but they are in
general very much to the purpose. Considering the period in
which the author lived, they are tolerably well written; and, as
works on the historical parts of the Old Testament are not very
nuraerous, Mr. Jackson's help ought not to be despised."-Orme's
Bibl. Bib. See also Calamy's Non-Conformist's Memorial.
Jackson, Major Basil. 1. Military Surveying,
Lon., 1838, '41, 8vo. 2. Elementary Surveying, 1842, Svo.
Jackson, Charles. Sufferings and Escape, 1802, 8vo.
Jackson, Charles, LL.D., 1775-1855, a native of
Newburyport, grad. at Harvard College, 1793; removed to
Boston, Mass., about 1810; Judge of the Supreme Ct. of
Massachusetts, 1813-24. Treat. on the Pleadings and
Treat. on the Pleadings and
Prac. in Real Actions; with Precedents of Pleadings, Bost.,
1828, 8vo. This excellent work (cited as Jackson on Real
Actions) should accompany Stearnes's and Roscoe's on the
same subject. See Hoff. Leg. Stu., 282; 1 Amer. Jur., 185,
ii. 65; Kent's Com. Judge Jackson was the chairinan of
the committee which revised the Statute Laws of Massa-
chusetts. See Pref. to Revised Statutes of Mass.
|
"He was an admirable person, a thorough lawyer, an almost
perfect judge, and a good man."-GEO. S. IIILLARD: in a letter to
the author of this Dictionary. See also N. Amer. Rev.,xlvi. 72, by
Mr. Hillard.
Geology of Maine, 1839, 8vo. 7. Report on the Geology
and Agricult. Survey of R. Island, Bost., 1840, Svo. 8.
First Report on the Geology of N. Hampshire, 1841, 8vo.
Dr. Jackson's contributions to science have been rewarded
by orders of merit from the sovereigns of France, Prussia,
Turkey, Sweden, and Sardinia.
Jackson, Charles T., M.D., b. at Plymouth, Mass.,
1805, grad. M.D. at Harvard Univ. 1829. 1. Mineralogy
and Geology of Nova Scotia, Cambridge, Mass., 1832, 8vo:
in conjunction with Francis Alger. 2. First Report on the
Geology of the State of Maine, Augusta, Me., 1837, 8vo.
3. First Report on the Geology of the Public Lands in the
State of Maine, Bost., 1837. Nos. 2 and 3 are noticed in
N. Amer. Rev., xlv. 240-248. 4. Second Report on the
Geology of the State of Maine, Augusta, Mc., 1838, 8vo.
Noticed in N. Amer. Rev., xlvii. 241-244. 5. Second An-
nual Report on the Geology of the Public Lands of Maine
and Massachusetts, 1838, 8vo. 6. Third Report on the
Jackson, Rev. E. D. 1. Comp. to the Liturgy, Lon.
2. Devotional Year, 1838. Svo. 3. Scripture Hist., 1847.
Jackson, Frederick, Incumbent of Parson Drove,
Isle of Ely. Pract. Serms., 2 ser., 12mo, 1851–53.
"A score of excellent sermons. The historical parts contain a
good deal of unassuming eloquence. They are worthy of frequent
perusal.”—Church and State Gazette.
Jackson, George. Con. to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1810,
Jackson, George. Stanzas, 1812, Svo.
Jackson, George. Educational works, Lon., 1847-55.
Jackson, Hall, M.D., d. 1797, of Portsmouth, New
Hampshire, pub. a tract on the Maliguant Sore Throat
which prevailed 1784-86. See Thacher's Amer. Med. Biog.
Jackson, Henry. Longitude, &c., Lon., 1727, Svð.
Jackson, Henry, Chemist. 1. Tar-Water, Lon.,
Jackson, Henry, D.D., b. June 16, 1798, at Provi-
dence, Rhode Island; grad. at Brown University, 1817;
ordained, 1822; settled successively at Charlestown, Ilart-
ford, New Bedford, and, since Jan. 1847, pastor of Central
Church, Newport, R. Island. Dr. J. has pub. a
Baptist Church, Newport, R. Island.
work entitled Churches in Rhode Island, and has in pre-
paration Rhode Island Ecclesiastically in the 17th century.
He has also pub. a number of sermons, and contributed
papers to several quarterly and monthly periodicals.
Jackson, Henry R., b. 1810, at Savannah, Georgia,
Judge of the Superior Court of the Eastern District of
Georgia, 1849-53; Resident Minister of the United States
other Poems, Savannah, 1851. Mr. J. was for some years
at Vienna for 1853 to the present time. Tallulah, and
one of the editors of the Savannah Georgian.
Jackson, Humphrey. Isinglass; Phil. Trans., 1773.
Philos. in Union College, New York. 1. Elements of Conic
Jackson, Isaac W., Prof. of Mathemat. and Nat.
Sections, Albany, Svo. New ed., Schenectady, 1854, 8vo.
2. Elementary Treat. on Optics, Albany, Svo. New ed.,
Schenectady, 1854, Svo.
Jackson, J. F. Serm., 1808, Svo.
Jackson, J. L.
J. L. Art of Riding, Lon., 1765, 12mo.
Jackson, Col. J. R. 1. Observ. on Lakes, 4to. 2.
What to Observe; 2d ed., 1845, fp. Svo.
and especially of those who travel with a view to publication.”—
"A work that should be put into the trunk of every traveller,
Westminster Review.
3. Letters on Minerals, Lon., 1849, 12mo. 4. Military
Geography, 1850, 12mo.
Jackson, J. W. The Seer of Sinai, and other Poems,
Lon., 1856. Sec Lon. Athen., 1856, 743.
Jackson, James. An Appeal to Country Friends,
[Quakers,] Lon., 1708, sın. Svo.
Jackson, James, M.D., LL.D., Prof. Emeritus of
the Theory and Practice of Physic in the Univ. of Cam-
bridge, Mass.; late Physician in the Mass. General Hospi-
tal. Letters to a Young Physician just entering upon
Practice, Bost., 1855, 12mo; 4th ed., 1856, 12mo. Dedi-
cated to John C. Warren, M.D. The distinguished author
of this vol. has enjoyed the advantages of half a century's
medical practice. This should be a sufficient endorsement
of the sagacity of his counsels.
of the sagacity of his counsels. The work has been well
received on both sides of the Atlantic. The London
Critic of April 1st, 1856, compares this work most favour-
ably with publications lately issued by two medical pro-
fessors at Edinburgh, and dismisses the subject with the
remark:
"The conclusion we have come to after a perusal of it is, that
Dr. Jackson has been, through a long professional career, a judi-
cious, safe, prudent, and sufliciently energetic practitioner, reflect-
ing credit on American Practice of Physic."
Dr. Jackson was a pupil of Dr. Edward Augustus Holy-
oke, the centenarian, and gives us a sketch of his character
in the introductory letter to the above-named work, which,
we may say in conclusion, is of interest to the laic as well
as the physician.
Jackson, James Grey. 1. Account of the Empire of
Morocco and Suez, Lon, 1809, '11, '12, '14, 4to.
"Cannot fail to be placed alongside of the very best works whicu
treat of that extraordinary kingdom.”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp., 460.
Reviewed in Lon. Quar. Rev., ii. 445-454.
2. Trans. of Shabeeny's Timbuctoo, &c., 1820, 8vo. See
Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
Jackson, James. Agriculture, Edin., 1840, 8vo.
Highly commended in Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
946
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Jackson, Jeremiah. Serms., &c., 1796-1818.
Jackson, John. Serms., &c., 1611–85.
Jackson, John. Serms., &c., 1707-23.
Jackson, John, 1686–1763, a learned Arian divine,
a native of Yorkshire; admitted of Jesus Coll., Camb., 1702;
Rector of Rossington, Yorkshire, 1710; Confrater of Wig-
ton's Hospital, 1719; and Master, 1729. He pub. many
theolog. treatises, 1714-49, among which were several in
defence of Dr. Samuel Clarke's Doctrine of the Trinity,
and a number against Warburton, Conyers Middleton, Law,
Whiston, and the deistical writers Collins, Tindal, and
Morgan. His best-known work is Chronological Antiqui-
ties for 5100 years, Lon., 1752, 3 vols. 4to. In German at
Erlangen, 1756, 3 vols. 4to.
"Great labour has been bestowed upon it, as the nature of the
Bubject required, and the very extent of the performance shows.”-
Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"He who wishes to know more on this subject [Chronology of
the Hebrew Bible] may consult Jackson's Scripture Chronology. 3
vols. 4to; Bedford's Scripture Chronology, 1730; and an Essay of
Dr. Brett's, wherein he defends the Computation of the Septua-
giut."-BISHOP WATSON.
See Dr. Sutton's Memoirs of the Life and Writings of
John Jackson, Lon., 1764, Svo; Whiston's Life; Nichols's
Lit. Anec.
Jackson, John. Answer to a Serm. entitled Ma-
sonry the Way to Hell, Lon., 1768, 8vo.
Jackson, John. 1. Hist. of the Scottish Stage,
Edin., 1793, Svo. 2. Strictures on the Merits of Young
Roscius, 1805.
Jackson, John, Jr. 1. Hist. of the City and Cathe-
dral of Lichfield, Lich., 1795, Svo; 2d ed., 1806. 2. Hist.
and Antiq. of the Cathedral Church of Litchfield, Lon.,
1795, 8vo. 3. Poems, 1797, 12mo.
Jackson, John, d. 1807. 1. Journey from India to-
wards England [overland] in 1797, Lon., 1799, Svo. 2.
Commerce of the Mediterranean, 1804, Svo.
Jackson, John. Poems, Lon., 1808, 12mo.
Jackson, John, one of Bewick's best pupils. Treat.
on Wood Engraving, Historical and Practical, Lon., 1839,
imp. Svo. Upwards of 300 wood-cuts; 528. The bisto-
rical portion is chiefly by Wm. Andrew Chatto, under
whose name we have entered this work; but Chatto's own
work was Gems of Wood Engraving, with Hist. of the Art,
1849, fol.; 218. Jackson's book is invaluable either to
the engraver or the amateur.
Jackson, John, D.D., formerly Rector of St. James's,
Westminster; Bishop of Lincoln. 1853. 1. Spirit of the
World; a Serm. 2. II. Serms., 1849, 32mo. 3. VI. Serms.
on Christian Character; 4th ed., 1853, 12mo. 4. Serms.
on the Sinfulness of Little Sins; 9th ed., 1855, fp. Svo. 5.
VI. Serms. on Repentance; 4th ed., 1853, 12mo. 6. Wit-
ness of the Spirit; 2d ed., 1855, fp. Svo.
Jackson, John M. U. Canada, Lon., 1809, Svo.
Enchiridion Theoretico-Medi-
Amst., 1697, 12mo.
Jackson, Joseph.
cum, Lon., 1695, 12mo;
Jackson, Joseph.
Jackson, Sir K. A.
1841, imp. 4to.
Jackson, Laurence. Theolog. treatises, 1739-71.
Jackson, Matthew. Five Serms., Lon., 1755, Svo.
Jackson, Miles. 1. Serin., Bradford, 1815, Svo. 2.
Serms., Lon., 1825, 2 vols. 12mo.
Poetical Sketch, Lon., 1797, 4to.
Views in Affghaunistaun, Lon.,
Jackson, Peter. Account of his Case, 1806, Svo.
Jackson, Randle. Speeches, &c., 1795-1828.
Jackson, Richard. Literature Græca, 1769, 12mo.
Jackson, Robert, M.D., 1751-1827, a physician in
the English army, pub. a Treat. on the Fever of Jamaica,
Lon., 1791, Svo., and other profess. works, &c., 1798-1817.
The 3d ed. of his Systematic View of the Formation, Dis-
cipline, and Economy of an Army was pub. 1845, Svo.
Jackson, Rowland, M.D. Medical treatises, &c.,
Lon., 1747-48.
Jackson, Samuel. E. India Weights, &c., 1764.
Jackson, Samuel, has recently pub. a number of
translations from the German and French,-from Francke.
Krummacher, Strauss, Zinzendorf, &c. See JACQUES, WM.
Jackson, Samuel, M.D., Prof. of the Institutes of
Medicine in the Univ. of Penna. 1. Principles of Medicine,
I'hila., 1832, Svo. 2. Discourse Commemorative of Na-
thaniel Chapman, M.D., 1854, 8vo. 3. Introduc. to Dr. J.
Cheston Morris's trans. of Lehman's Chemical Physio-
logy, 1856, 8vo. 4. Occasional Medical Essays.
Jackson, Sarah. Family Cook, Lon., 1754, 12mo.
Jackson, Seguin Henry, M.D. Dermato-Patho-
logia, Lon., 1792, Svo. Other medical treatises, 1781-
1806.
Jackson, Rev. Theodore. Serious Address, 1788.
Jackson, T. Life, Writings, and Opinions of Johr
Goodwin, 1822, 8vo. See GOODWIN, JOHN, No. 7.
Jackson, Thomas, D.D., 1579-1640, a native of
Willowing, Durham, admitted of Queen's Cell., Oxf., 1595:
removed to Corpus Christi Coll., 1596; President of Corpus
Christi Coll., 1630; Preb. of Winchester, 1635; Dean of
Peterborough, 1638. He was profoundly versed in theology,
metaphysics, the languages, the arts and sciences, and was
pious, charitable, and courteous. He was the author of
Cominentaries on the Apostles' Creed, many serms. and
theolog. treatises, of which a collective edit. was pub., with
a Life of the author, by E. Vaughan, in 1673, 3 vols. fol.
New ed., revised and improved, Oxf., 1844, 12 vols. 8vo.
A Synoptical Table of his Works was pub. in 1838, 12mo,
by the Rev. John Henry Todd. And see GooDE, WM.,
No. 5.
"I speak it in the presence of God, I have not read so hearty,
vigorous a champion against Rome, so convincing and demonstra
tive, as is Dr. Jackson; and I bless God for the Confirmation hs
hath given me in the Christian Religion against the Atheist, Jew,
and Socinian."-GEORGE HERBERT, the Poet.
He is generally full of meaning: it is scarce possible to open in
any page where we shall not find something seldom if at all to be
met with anywhere else. A curious reader will find something
remarkable and worthy of reading in the whole."-DR. DODDRIDGE.
→Dr. Jackson is a magazine of theological knowledge, everywhere
penned with great elegance and dignity, so that his style is a pat-
tern of perfection. He deserves to be numbered with the Eng-
lish fathers of the church."-JONES, of Nayland: Life of Bishop
Horne.
•
··
•
His method is circuitous. his style involved, yet often dignified
and never mean.”—Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
"Deficient in evangelical views, and redundant in reasoning
philosophy, yet full of useful thoughts.”—Bickerstethi's C. S.
Jackson is often quoted by Bishop Patrick in his Com-
mentaries on the Old Testament, and is commended by
Bishop Horne, Merrick, &c.
"In my judgment the most valuable of all our English divines.
... I think you would find three or four pages per day a wholesome
and pleasant diet. . . . The philosophy, the strength of faith, and
the sincere religions belief with which his three folios abound.
An author with whom, more almost than any other, one might he
contented in a prison."-ROBT. SOUTHEY: Life and Correspondence.
•
•
•
Jackson, Thomas, d. 1646, Preb. of Canterbury, 1614.
Weekly Lects. on St. Matt. viii. 23-27, Lon., 1623, 4to.
Jackson, Thomas, LL.D. Composition of Pres-
sures; Trans. Soc. Edin., 1817.
Jackson, Thomas. 1. Centenary of Wesleyan Me-
thodism, Lon., 1839, 12mo. 2. Lives of Early Methodists,
chiefly by themselves, 1849, 2 vols. 12mo. Other works.
Jackson, Timothy. Expos. of the 2d Epist. of St.
Paul to the Thessalonians, Lon., 1621, 4to.
Jackson, W. School-books, 1661-72.
Jackson, W. Beauties of Nature, 1769, Sro.
Jackson, W. A. Herbert Broom's Parties to Actions;
2d Amer. ed., Phila., 1847, Svo.
Jackson, Wm. Treat. on Hosea x. 12, Lon., 1616, 4to.
Jackson, Wm., D.D. Serm., Camb., 1675, 4to.
Jackson, Wm., M.D. Salt Springs; Phil. Trans., 1669.
Jackson, Wm. On Sounds, Westm., 1726, Svo.
Jackson, Wm. Ancle-Joints, &c., Lon., 1788, Svo.
Jackson, Wm., 1730-1803, a musical composer, a
native of Exeter, England. 1. Music in London, Lon.,
1791, Svo. 2. Thirty Letters on various subjects, 1782, 2
vols. 12mo; 1784, 2 vols. 12mo; 1795, Svo. 3. The Four
Ages, with Essays, 1798, Svo. 4. Eighteen Musical Works,
consisting of Hymns, Songs, Canzonets, Elegies, and an
Ode to Fancy. See his Life by Dr. Burney in Rees's Cyc.:
Censura Literaria, vol. iv.
Jackson, Rev. Wm., convicted of high-treason in
Dublin, April 23, 1795, committed suicide on the 30th of
the same month. Serms., Lou., 1795, Svo.
Jackson, Wm., D.D., 1750-1815, Regius Prof. of
Greek at Oxford, and in 1811 Bishop of Oxford; pub. The
Constitutions of the U. States of America, Lon., 1783, Sro;
several serms., &c., 1784-1804. See Rich's Bibl. Amer.
Nova, i. 317.
Jackson, Wm. Chemical Characters, 1799, Svo.
Jackson, Wm. Divinity Prize Essay, Oxf., 1846, Svo.
Jackson, Z, a printer. Shakspeare's Genius Justified,
Lon., 1819, Svo. Worth examination. See Dibdin's Lib.
Comp., 804; Goodhugh's E. G. Lib. Man., 219; Blackw.
Mag., v. 411-415.
Jacob. Elephant's Bones; Phil. Trans., 1754.
Jacob, Rev. Alexander. Complete English Peer-
age, Lon., 1766-70, 3 vols. fol.
Jacob, Arthur. 1. Inflam. of the Eye-Ball, Dubl.,
1850, fp. Svo. 2. Removal of Cataract, Lon., 1851, Svo.
Jacob, Edward, d. 1788, pub., from the 4th ed. of
1592, the old Play of Arden of Feversham, (which he as-
| cribes to Shakspeare,) Lon., 1770, Svo; Hist. of Feversham,
947
JAC
JAD
1774, Svo; Cat. of Plants near Feversham, 1777, 12mo; and
a paper on Roman Earthen-Ware, in Archæol., 1782.
Jacob, Edward, d. 1841, King's Counsel, Fellow of
Gonville and Caius Coll., Camb., and a son of William
Jacob, (post.) 1. Chan. Reports 2 and 3 Geo. IV., Lon., 1828,
r. Svo. 2. With J. Walker, Do. 60 Geo. III. to 1 and 2
Geo. IV., 1821-23, 2 vols. r. 8vo. A biography of Mr.
Jacob will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag., March, 1842.
Jacob, G. A. Greek and Latin Grammars, Lon.,
1841-54.
Jacob, Giles, 1686-1744, a native of Romsey, Hamp-
shire, received a legal education, and subsequently became
steward and secretary to the Hon. Wm. Blathwayt. Jacob
was the author of more than thirty works, of which twenty-
five were law-books. Of all these publications, the only
ones now in request are: 1. Complete Court-Keeper, or
Land-Steward's Assistant, Lon., 1715, Svo; Sth ed., 1819,
8vo. 2. Poetical Register; or, Lives and Characters of the
English Dramatic Poets, 1723, 2 vols. Svo.
"Notwithstanding some few errors in it, it is by much the best
book of the kind hitherto extant."-Biog. Dramat., 1764.
"Nearly of the same mean and despicable nature as Winstanley's
English Poets.”—Sir S. E. Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet. Anglic.,
pp. 1., lxxvii. q. v.
Jacob's own dramas-Love in a Wood, a Farce, 1714,
12mo, and The Soldier's Last Stake, a Comedy-gained
their author no distinction; and the latter was ridiculed
by Dr. Sewel.
3. New Law Dictionary, 1729, fol.; 11th ed., 1797, 2
vols. 4to. Last and best ed. by Sir T. E. Tomline, edited
(4th ed. of Tomline's) by T. C. Granger, 1835, 2 vols. 4to;
Phila., 1836, 3 vols. 8vo.
"For practical purposes Bouvier's Law Dictionary is in every re-
spect much to be preferred to the English work.”—Marvin's Leg.
Bibl., 693.
4. Law Grammar, 1749; 8th ed., by John Hargrave, 1840,
12mo. See Poetical Register; Biog. Dramat.; Bridgman's
Leg. Bibl.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Wallace's Reporters; Do-
naldson's Agricult. Biog.; Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors.
This voluminous author did not escape the compliments
of the great satirist of the age:
"Jacob, the scourge of Grammar, mark with awe,
Nor less revere the blunderbuss of law."
Dunciad, b. iii, 1. 149.
Jacob, Henry, d. in Virginia soon after 1624, founder
of the first Independent Congregational Church in Eng-
land, was a native of Kent, educated at St. Mary's Hall,
Oxford, and obtained the benefice of Cheriton, in Kent.
He pub. a Treatise on the Sufferings and Victorie of Christ,
Lon., 1598, Svo, a Defence of the same, 1600, 4to, and
several theolog. works, for an account of which see Genl.
Dict.; Athen. Oxon.; Strype's Life of Whitgift. Jacob's
treatise, noticed above, was the first answer to Bp. Bilson's
Serms. on Redemption, preached in 1597, pub. 1598, Svo.
See BILSON, THOMAS.
Jacob, Henry, 1606 or '07-1652, son of the preceding,
was the author of Oratio Inauguralis, Græca et Latina
Poemata, English Poetry, &c., (all pub. by Henry Birkhead,
1652, 4to,) and left some learned treatises in MS. See
Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit., art. Dickinson.
Jacob, Henry. Hebrew Grammar, 1810, 8vo.
Jacob, Hildebrand. Bedlam; a Poem, Lon., 1723,
4to.
Jacob, John. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1678-79.
Jacob, John. Annals of the British Norman Isles,
Lon., imp. Svo.
Jacob, Joseph. Serms., 1702, '05, both 4to. See
Bogue and Bennett's Hist. of Dissenters; Lon. Quar. Rev.,
x. 118, (by Robt. Southey.)
Jacob, Joseph. Wheel-Carriages, &c., Lon., 1773,
"74, both 4to. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Jacob, M. The Days, Months, and Seasons of the
Year, Lon., 1853, sq.
Jacob, W. S. A Few More Words on the Plurality
of Worlds, Lon., 1855, fp. Svo.
Jacob, William, d. 1851, aged 89, at one time a Lon-
don merchant, and M.P. from 1808-12, pub. Travels in the
South of Spain in 1809-10, 4to, Lon., 1811, (favourably
reviewed in Edin. Rev., xviii. 123–152,) and several treatises
on subjects of Political Economy, among which are-1. Two
Reports on the Trade in Corn, and the Agricult. of the
North of Europe, 1826-27, fol.; printed by H. of C.
"These Reports contain a great deal of valuable information re-
specting the agriculture and statistics of the North of Europe."--
McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 79.
2. An Inquiry into the Production and Consumption of
the Precious Metals, 1831, 2 vols. 8vo. Undertaken at
the suggestion of Mr. Huskisson, who assisted the author.
"Though perhaps the best on the subject, this work is very de-
fective. It was reviewed, and some of its eficiencies pointed ont,
in the 55th volume of the Edinburgh Review.”—MCCULLOCH: ubi
supra, 356.
Yet the work is highly commended by the Edin. Rev.,
the Lon. Quar. Rev., the Times, and the Spectator. See
HUSKISSON, WILLIAM, M.P.
HUSKISSON, WILLIAM, M.P. A Biography of Mr. Jacob
will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag., May, 1852. See also
index to Blackw. Mag., vols. i.-l.
Jacobs, Frederic. 1. First Greek Reader, with Notes
by Edwards, Lon., 12mo. 2. Latin Reader, Pt. 1, 15th
ed. 1855, 12mo; Pt. 2, 9th ed. 1855, 12mo. 3. Hellas; or,
the Home Ilist., &c. of the Greeks, 1855, fp. Svo.
Jacobs, Sarah S., a resident of Cambridgeport, Mass.,
is a native of Rhode Island, and the daughter of the late
Rev. Bela Jacobs, a Baptist minister. Miss Jacobs is the
author of a number of poems not yet collected, some of
which will be found in Griswold's Female Poets of America.
Miss Jacobs has recently pub. a vol. entitled Nonantum
and Natick, Mass. S. S. Soc., Bost., 1854, 12mo. This is
a history, in a popular style, of the New England Indian
tribes, with a sketch of the missionary labours of John
Eliot, the Apostle to the Indians. It has been commended.
Jacobs, T. G. Scenes, Incidents, and Adventures
in the Pacific Ocean, under Capt. B. Morrell, N. York, 12mo.
Jacobs, Wm. 1. Latin Reader, by Edwards: Pt. 1,
9th ed., 1843, 12mo; Pt. 2, 6th ed., 1839, 12mo. By
Major: 2d ed., 1842, fp. Svo. 2. Mysteries of the Latin
Language Revealed, 1840, 12mo. 3. Self-Instructing Latin
Classics, 1842, 2 vols. 12mo. 4. Do. Grammar, 1843, 12mo.
Jacobson, James. Tobias, a Dramatic Poem; with
other pieces, 1818, fp. Svo.
Jacobson, Wm., Vicar of Ewelme, 1847; Regius
Prof. of Divinity, Oxford, 1848; Canon of Christ Church;
formerly Vice-Principal of Magdalene Hall, Oxt, and Per-
petual Curate of Iffley. 1. Patres Apostolici, Oxf., 1840,
Reviewed in Edin.
Rev. lxxxiv. 195. 2. XVI. Serms., 1840, 12mo. 3. Serms.
2 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 1847, 2 vols. Svo.
at Iffley; 2d ed., 1846, 12mo.
Jacobus, Melancthon Williams, D.D., b. 1816, at
Newark, N.J., Prof. of Oriental and Biblical Literature
and Exegesis in the Western Theological Seminary, Pres-
byterian Church. 1. Letters to Bishop O'Connor and Gov.
Bigler on the Public School Controversy. 2. Notes on the
Gospels and Acts, N. York, 1849-52, 3 vols. 12mo. Vol.
i. contains Matthew, with the harmony; vol. ii., Mark and
Luke; vol. iii., John and Acts. 3. Question-Books de-
signed to accompany the preceding three vols.
Dr. Jacobus possesses many qualifications for a successful com-
mentator on the sacred Scriptures. To a mind vigorous by original
endowment, he adds the varied stores of sacred learning, analytical
powers of a high order, a sound judgment, a severe literary taste,
a deep-toned piety, an earnest love of truth, a familiarity with Bib
lical places, objects, and customs, from personal observation; while
the style in which he clothes his thoughts is clear, strong, compact,
and epigrammatic. His plan has some novel features which en-
hance the value of his labours."-Bibliotheca Siera.
"The author, by his learning, taste, and skill, is eminently quali
fied for the responsible work of an annotator on the Holy Scrip
tures."-Zion's Herald.
Jacocks, A. B. General Features of the Moral
Government of God, Bost., 1848, 12mo.
Jacomb, Robert. Serm., Lon., 1785, 8vo.
Jacomb, Thomas, D.D., 1622-1687, ejected from the
living of St. Martin, Ludgate, for Non-conformity, 1662.
He was one of the continuators of Poole's Annotations.
He pub. a Treatise Of Holy Dedication, Lon., 1688, 8vo;
three single serms., 1657; and 18 Serms. on Rom. vii. 1-4.
"His sermons are clear, solid, and affectionate.”—DR. W. BATES.
Jacomb, Wm. Three Serms., 1719-36.
Jacque, James. System of the World, Lon., 1800.
Jacques, Alexander, Jr., b. in London; 1830, a
son of Alexander Jacques, is the author of a Memoir on
Delagoa Bay, 1856.
Ordination by meer Presbyters
Lon., 1707, Svo.
Trans. of A. G. Francke's Guide to
Scriptures, with Life of the Author,
Jacques, John.
proved void and null,
Jacques, Wm.
the Reading, &c. of the
Lon., 1815, Svo.
44
Francke's Manuductio [the above work] deserves to be often
read. It contains the best rules for studying the Scriptures that I
ever remember to have seen.”—Dr. Doddridge.
Mr. Samuel Jackson has recently favoured us with a
trans. of Guericke's Life of the excellent Francke, Lon.,
1837, 12mo. Jacques also pub. a book on Arithmetic and
one on Ciphering in 1815, and an Essay on Intellectual
Education.
Jacquin, J. Con. to Med. Obs. and Ing., 1755.
Jadis, Henry. Catalogue of some Books in his
Library, Lon., 1826, r. 8vo. Privately printed. P. 37-48
comprise Shakesperiana: a complete collection of the
913
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JAM
ooks and Pamphlets relative to Shakespeare. Notices
of Mr. Jadis's valuable Library will be found in Dibdin's
Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 388-389, 394, 396, $15.
Jaeger, Professor B. 1. Class-Book of Zoology,
N. York, 18mo. Highly commended. 2. The Life of N.
American Insects, Providence, R.I., 8vo. In this work
Prof. J. was assisted by H. C. Preston, M.D.
Jagel, Abr. Catechis. Judæorum, Lon., 1696, fol.
Jager, Robert. Decimals, Lon., 1651, Svo.
Jago, Richard, 1715-1781, son of the Rev. Richard
Jago, (Rector of Beaudesert, Warwickshire,) was educated
at University College, Oxford, and presented successively
to the livings of Harbury, Chesterton, Snitterfield, and
Kimcote. He was the author of two sermons, 1755, 8vo,
1763, 8vo; Edgehill, a Poem, 1767, 4to; Labour and Ge-
nius; or, The Mill-Stream and the Cascade, a Fable, 1768,
4to; an Elegy on Blackbirds, pub. in the Adventurer as
Gilbert West's; and other poetical pieces. A collective
edit. of his Poems, with an account of the author's life,
was pub. in 1784, 8vo, by John Scott Hylton. Jago was
a poet of some merit, and, what is still more to his credit,
an excellent parish priest. See his life, by Hylton; John-
son and Chalmers's Brit. Poets; Nichols's Lit. Anec.
Jagoe, J. Legal publications, Lon., 1846–51.
Jakob, Thérèse A. L. Von. See ROBINSON, Mrs.
EDWARD.
James I., King of Scotland, 1395-1437, the second
son of King Robert III., was captured by an English
cruiser when on his way to France in 1405, and kept a
prisoner in England until 1423, when he ascended the
Scottish throne. He was assassinated by some rebellious
subjects at Perth in 1437. He employed his imprisonment
to such good purpose as to become famous for his erudition.
and manifold accomplishments. As an author he is best
known by The King's Qubair, (Book,) consisting of 197
seven-lined stanzas, and elicited by the charms of the
Lady Jane Beaufort, of the blood-royal of England, whom
he beheld in the garden from his window in Windsor
Castle. Need we add that the restoration to freedom left
the royal wooer still a captive, and that the Lady Jane
became Queen of Scotland? The other poems ascribed to
him are Christis Kirk of the Grene; (also attributed to
James V.;) Peblis to the Play, (doubtful;) Falkland on the
Grene, a Song on Absence, and some minor pieces. The
Poetical Remains of James I., edited by Wm. Tytler, were
pub., Edin., 1783, 8vo. The Works of James I., contain-
ing the three poems noticed above, with two others gene-
rally ascribed to King James V.,-The Gaberlunzie Man,
and the Jollie Beggar,-were pub. at Perth, 1786, 12mo.
Tytler's edit. is accused, by Ritson and others, of many |
errors. The poems of James will also be found in Sib-
bald's Chronicles of Scottish Poetry. It is alleged that
portions of The King's Qubair are superior to any poetry
produced in England, with the exception of Chaucer's,
before the age of Elizabeth. Indeed, Ellis says,
"It is full of simplicity and feeling, and is not interior in poetical
merit to any similar production of Chaucer."-Spec. of the Early
Eng. Poets, ed. 1845, i. 244.
"I have been particularly interested," remarks Irving, after a
visit to the prince's former prison in Windsor Castle, by those
parts of the poem which breathe his immediate thoughts concern-
ing his situation, or which are connected with the apartment in
the Tower. They have thus a personal and local charm, and are
given with such circumstantial truth as to make the reader present
with the captive in his prison, and the companion of his medita-
tions.... As an amatory poem it is edifying, in these days of
coarser thinking, to notice the nature, refinement, and exquisite
delicacy which pervade it, banishing every gross
or
modest expression, and presenting female loveliness clothed in all
its chivalrous attributes of almost supernatural purity and grace."
—Sketch-Book, ed. N. York, 1855, 109-110, 117.
Poeta, ut carmina non tam arte strinxisse, quam natura sponte
fudisse videretur. Cui rem fidem faciunt carmina diversi generis,
quæ in rhythmum Scotice illigavit, eo artificio," &c.-BISHOP LES-
LEY: De Kebus Gest. Scot., ed. 1675, 4to, lib. vii. 257, 266, 267.
It is declared that James was as ready with his sword
as with his pen, and equally so, we may add, with bis feet,
voice, and fingers, for he could sing, dance, and play on
eight different instruments of music. The Scotch histo-
rians can never say enough in his praise:
Ita orator erat, ut ejus dictione nihil fuerit artificiosius: ita
See also Hector Boetius's Scotorum Hist. ; other histories
of the period, and King James's Works; Pinkerton's An-
cient Scottish Poems; Major de Gestes Scotorum; Ales-
sandro Tassoni, Pensieri Diversi; Mackenzie's Lives:
Irving's Lives of the Scottish Poets; Park's Walpole's R
and N. Authors; Geo. Chalmers's Poetic Remains of some
of the Scottish Kings, now first collected, 1824; Scotia
Rediviva; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Emi-
nent Scotsmen; Life in Rees's Cyc., by Dr. Burney:
Warton's Ilist. of Eng. Poet.; Scott's Poet. Works, Ab-
bottsford edit., 1851, 542, 545; Prescott's Miscellanies, ed.
1855, 282.
James II., King of Scotland, son of the preceding,
was killed at the siege of Roxburgh, 1460, in the 29th
year of his age. Epistola ad Carolum VII. See D'Achery's
Spicil., iii. 801.
James IV., King of Scotland, grandson of the pre-
ceding, was killed at the battle of Flodden Field, 1513, aged
40. He is said by Bishop Tanner (Bibliotheca) to have
written upon the Apocalypse; but this is doubtful. See
Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors.
James V., King of Scotland, son of the preceding,
d. 1542, in the 33d year of his age. To him are ascribed
Christis Kirk of the Grene, and the Gaberlunzie Man, (see
James I., ante.) These two were pub. by John Callander,
Edin., 1782, 8vo. See Park's R. and N. Authors; Pinker-
ton's Select Scottish Ballads; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's
Bibl. Man. Christis Kirk of the Grene is a great favour-
ite with the Scotch :
For an account of the separate publications of his ma-
Hallam remarks that
but with some of the tediousness usual in such productions.”—Lit.
Hist. of Europe, ed. 1854, i. 126.
But perhaps no one has better described the author and
his poem than Washington Irving, in the article entitled
A Royal Poet, in the Sketch-Book. This admirable
sketch-which was declared by Lockhart (Blackwood's
Mag., vi. 559, Feb. 1820) to be "infinitely more graceful
than any piece of American writing that ever came from
any other hand, and well entitled to be classed with the
best English writings of our day"-is, or ought to be,
“The King's Qubair is a long allegory, polished and imaginative,jesty, and works connected with his reign, we must refer
the reader to Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.;
Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors; Sir J. Harrington's
Nugæ Antiquæ; Arthur Wilson's Hist. of his Life and
Reign; the histories of the time; Decker's Entertainment
to K. James; Nichols's Progress of James I.; Times of
James I., 1848, 2 vols. Svo; Disraeli's Literary Character,
and Quarrels of Authors; Lon. Retrospec. Rev., xi. ss;
Index to Blackw. Mag., vols. i.-1. Nor must we omit to
mention Secret Histories of the Court of James I., with
Notes and Introduction by Sir W. Scott, 2 vols. Svo,
1811. CONTENTS: Osborne's Traditional Memoirs, Sir A.
Weldon's Court and Character of James L., Aulicus Coqui-
narie, Sir E. Peyton's Divine Catastrophe of the House
familiar to all of our readers.
In
"One likes no language but the Faery Queen:
Or Scot will fight for Christ's Kirk o' the Green."
POPE: Imit. of Hor., lib. ii. ep. 1.
James VI. of Scotland and I. of England, 1566-
1625, grandson of the preceding, and only child of Mary,
Queen of Scots, by her cousin, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley,
when only 18 years of age pub. a vol. entitled Essayes of a
Prentice in the Divine Art of Poesie, with the Rewles and
Cauteles to be pursued and avoided, Edin., 1584, 4to.
this vol. we have a mixture of poetry and prose, neither
of much value.
of much value. The latter gives the reader instructions
in the proper mode of making verse. This was reprinted
in Edin., 1814, sm. 4to, with a Prefatory Memoir by R. P.
Gillies. A copy of the original ed. was sold at Bindley's
sale for £26 58.
sale for £26 58. In 1591 appeared His Maiesties Poeticall
Exercises at Vacant Houres, 4to, and other works followed
this collection. In 1616 (fol.) was given to the world a col-
lective ed. of his prose compositions:
|
James I. his workes, pub. by the Bp. of Winchester.
Fine portrait by Passe, and frontispiece by Elstrack, folio.
Containing Paraphrase on Revelation, Meditations, Basi-
licon Doron, Dæmonology, Counterblast to Tobacco, Law
of Free Monarchies, Powder Treason, Defence of the
Rights of Kings, Præmonition to Christian Monarchs,
Speeches, &c.
of Stuart.
As an author his majesty certainly has not enjoyed the
same reputation since his death that he did in the midst
of his brilliant court. Horace Walpole-not generally un-
willing to find merit in noble pens-dismisses his majesty's
literary claims with more wit than flattery:
"One remark I caunot avoid making: the king's speech is al-
ways supposed by parliament to be the speech of the minister: how
cruel would it have been on King James's ministers, if that inter-
pretation had prevailed in his reign! ... Bishop Montague trans-
lated all his majesty's works into Latin: a man of so much patience
was well worthy of favour.”—R. and N. Authors, Park's ed., i.
115-116, 120.
As regards his theological abilities, an eminent authority
remarks:
"His character as a man unfortunately adds no weight to his
9.19
JAM
JAM
zentiments as an expositor; and his works would long ago have
been forgotten, had they not been the production of a royal author.
I ought not to omit his Majesty's poetical translation of the Psalms
of David: a poor production from a scholar of Buchanan.”—Orme's
Bibl. Bib.
James II., King of England,1633-1701, second son
of the preceding, wrote an account of his life, which was
preserved in MSS. in the Scotch College at Paris until the
Revolution, and was subsequently destroyed. See CLARKE,
JAMES STANIER; INNES, LOUIS; INNES, THOMAS. The
Royal Tracts of James II. were pub. in Paris, 1692, Svo.
Some other productions were ascribed to his majesty. See
Park's Walpole's R. and N. Authors; Lowndes's Bibl.
Man.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Frankland's Annals of James I.
and Charles I., 1681, fol.; C. J. Fox's Life of James II.,
and other histories of the period; Disraeli's Quarrels of
Authors; Bp. Goodman's Hist. of his Own Time.
James. Digest of the Laws of South Carolina, Co-
lumbia, 1814, Svo.
An imperfect book, not respected, and but little used."-Grif
fith's Law Reg., 824.
James, Mrs. Vindic. of Ch. of England.
James, Capt. Charles, pub. some poems, legal,
political, and military works. Military Dictionary, Lon.,
1802, 4to; 3d ed. 1811, 2 vols. 8vo; again, 1817, 8vo.
James, David. Serms., 1780, 1804, both Svo.
James, Edward. Remarks on the Mines, Manage-
ment, Ores, &c. of the District of Guanaxuato, belonging
to the Anglo-Mexican Mining-Association, Lon., 1827.
Reviewed in Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxvi. 81–106.
James, Edwin. Exped. from Pittsburg to the
Rocky Mountains, 1819-20, under the command of Major
S. H. Long, U.S. T.E., Phila, 1823, 2 vols. 4to, and atlas;
Lon., 1823, 3 vols. Svo. Mr. James was botanist and
geologist to the Expedition, which is known as Major
Long's First Expedition. Reviewed in the North Amer.
Rev., xvi. 242-269, and in the Lon. Quar. Rev., xxix. 1–25.
For a notice of the Second Expedition, see KEATING,
|
WILLIAM H.
James, Edwin. B'krupt Act, 5 & 6 Vict., 1842, 12mo.
James, Elizabeth Mary. Select. from the Annals
of Virtue of Madame de Sillery, 1795, Svo.
James, Francis. Threnodia Henric. Exequiarum,
1612. See Wood's Fasti Oxon.
James, George Payne Rainsford, b. in London
about 1800, commenced his literary career at an early age
by anonymous contributions to the journals and reviews
which catered to the literary taste of "a discerning pub-
lic." Some of these juvenile effusions fell under the
notice of Washington Irving, and this gentleman, with
bis usual kindness of heart, encouraged the young author
to venture upon something of a more important character
than the fugitive essays which had hitherto employed his
pen. Thus strengthened in his literary proclivity, the
young aspirant nibbed his "gray-goose quill," commenced
author in earnest, and gave to the world in 1822 his first
work,-a Life of Edward the Black Prince. Mr. James
now turned his attention to a field which had recently been
cultivated with eminent success,-historical romance,
and completed in 1825 his novel of Richelieu, which,
having received the favourable verdict of Sir Walter Scott,
made its appearance in 1829. This was followed in the
next year by Darnley and De L'Orme.
Richelieu was so fortunate as to secure the favour of
the formidable Christopher North of Blackwood; but this
invaluable commendation was withheld from Darnley:
"Mr. Colburn has lately given us two books of a very different
character, Richelieu and Darnley. Richelieu is one of the most
spirited, amusing, and interesting romances I ever read; characters
well drawn-incidents well managed-story perpetually progressive
-catastrophe at once natural and unexpected-moral good, but
aot goody-and the whole felt, in every chapter, to be the work of
u-Gentleman."-Noctes Ambrosiana, April, 1830; Blackw. Mag.,
xxvii. 688, q. v.
|
From this time to the present (1858) Mr. James has
been no idler in the Republic of Letters, as the following
alphabetical list of his writings amply proves:
4.
1. Adra, or The Peruvians; a Poem, 1 vol. 2. Agin-
court, 1844, 3 vols. 3. Agnes Sorrel, 1853, 3 vols.
Arabella Stuart, 1853, 3 vols. 5. Arrah Neil, 1845. 3 vols.
6. Attila, 1837, 3 vols. 7. Beauchamp, 1848, 3 vols. 8.
Blanche of Navarre; a Play, 1839, I vol. 9. Book of the
Passions, 1238, 1 vol. 10. Cameralzaman; a Fairy Drama,
1848, 1 vol. 11. Castelneau; or, The Ancient Régime,
1841, 3 vols. 12. Castle of Ehrenstein, 1847, 3 vols. 13.
14. City of the Silent; a
Charles Tyrrell, 1839, 2 vols.
Poem, 1 vol. 15. Commissioner; or, De Lunatico Inqui-
rendo, 1842, 1 vol. 16. Convict, 1847, 3 vols. 17. Corse
de Leon, the Brigand, 1841, 3 vols. IS. Dark Scenes of
History, 1849, 3 vols. 19. Darnley, 1830, 3 vcls. 20.
Delaware, 3 vols. ; subsequently pub. under the title of
Thirty Years Since, 1848, 1 vol. 21. De L'Orme, 1830, 3
vols. 22. Desultory Man, 3 vols. 23. Educational In-
stitutions of Germany, 1 vol. 24. Eva St. Clair, and other
Tales, 1843, 2 vols. 25. False Heir, 1843, 3 vols. 26.
Fate, 1851, 3 vols. 27. Fight of the Fiddlers, 1848, 1 vol.
28. Forest Days, 1843, 3 vols.
tentions, 1848, 3 vols. 30. Gentleman of the Old School,
29. Forgery; or, Best In-
1839, 3 vols. 31. Gipsy, 1835, 3 vols. 32. Gowrie; or,
The King's Plot, 1 vol. 33. Heidelberg, 1846, 3 vols.
34. Henry Masterton, 1832, 3 vols. 35. Henry Smeaton,
37. His-
1850, 3 vols. 36. Henry of Guise, 1839, 3 vols.
tory of Charlemagne, 1832, 1 vol. 38. History of Chivalry,
1 vol. 39. Hist. of Louis XIV., 1838, 4 vols. 40. Hist.
of Richard Cœur de Lion, 1841-42, 4 vols. 41. Huguenot,
12. Jacquerie, 1841, 3 vols. 43. John
1838, 3 vols.
Jones's Tales from English History, for Little John
Joneses, 1849, 2 vols.
vols.; subsequently pub. under the title of Little Ball o'
44. John Marston Hall, 1834, 3
Fire, 1847, 1 vol. 45. King's Highway, 1840, 3 vols.
47. Life of Edward
46. Last of the Fairies, 1847, 1 vol.
48. Life of Henry IV. of
the Black Prince, 1822, 2 vols.
France, 1847, 3 vols. 49. Life of Vicissitudes, 1 vol. 50.
Man-at-Arms, 1840, 3 vols. 51. Margaret Graham, 1847,
2 vols. 52. Mary of Burgundy, 1833, 3 vols. 53. Me-
moirs of Great Commanders, 1832, 3 vols. 54. Morley
55. My Aunt Pontypool, 3 vols.
Ernstein, 1842, 3 vols.
56. Old Dominion; or, The Southampton Massacre, 1856,
3 vols. 57. Old Oak Chest, 3 vols. 58. One in a Thou-
59. Pequinillo, 1852, 3 vols. 60.
sand, 1835, 3 vols.
61. Prince Life, 1855, 1
Philip Augustus, 1831, 3 vols.
vol. 62. Revenge, 1851, 3 vols. ; so styled by the book.
seller, without the author's consent. It was originally
63. Richelieu,
pub. in papers under a different name.
64. Robber, 1838, 3 vols. 65. Rose D'Al-
1829, 3 vols.
bret, 1840, 3 vols. 66. Russell, 1847, 3 vols. 67. Sir
Theodore Broughton, 1847, 3 vols. 68. Smuggler, 1845,
3 vols. 69. Stepmother, 1846, 3 vols. 70. Story without
a Name, 1852, 1 vol. 71. String of Pearls, 1849, 2 vols.
72. Ticonderoga; or, The Black Eagle, 1854, 3 vols. 73.
74. Woodman,
Whim and its Consequences, 1847, 3 vols.
1847, 3 vols. 75. Lord Montagu's Page, Phila., 1858, 12mo.
It will be seen that the above list presents a total of 189
vols.,-viz.: 51 works in 3 vols. each, 2 in 4 vols. each, 6 in
2 vols. each, and 16 in 1 vol. each. Almost all of these
vols. are of the post-octavo size. Mr. James is also the
editor of the Vernon Letters, illustrative of the times of
William III., 1841, 3 vols. Svo; and of Wm. Henry Ire-
land's historical romance of David Rizzio, 1849, 3 vols. p.
Svo; and was associated with Dr. E. E. Crowe in the Lives
of the Most Eminent Foreign Statesmen, 1832-38, 5 vols.
P. Svo. (4 vols. were Mr. James's, and 1 vol. Dr. Crowe's,)
and with Mr. Maunsell B. Field, in the composition of
Adrian, or The Clouds of the Mind, 1852, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
To this list may be added Norfolk and Hereford, (in a
collection entitled Seven Tales by Seven Authors,) and
enough articles in various periodicals to fill eight ten
volumes. Perhaps we should not omit to notice that a
work entitled A Brief History of the United States B.nd-
ary Question, drawn up from official papers, pub. in Lon-
don, 1839, Svo, and ascribed to Mr. James, is not his pro-
duction; nor had he any share (further than writing a
preface, or something of that kind) in another w. rk often
credited to him,-Memoirs of Celebrated Womer, 1837, 2
vols. p. Svo. During the reign of William IV, the author
received the appointment of historiographer of Great
Britain; but this post was resigned by him many years
since.
J
There have been new edits. of many of Mr. James's
novels, and some or all of them have appeared in Bentley's
Series of Standard Novels. There has been also a Parlour-
Library Edition.
Library Edition. A collective edit. was pub. by Smith,
Elder & Co., commencing in June, 1844, and continued by
Parry, and by Simpkin, Marshall & Co. In America they
have been popular, and pub. in large quantities.
About 1850, Mr. James, with his family, removed per-
manently to the United States. He was British Consul at
Richmond, Virginia, from 1852 to Sept. 1858, when he was
appointed Consul at Venice, where he now (1858) resides.
The space which we have occupied by a recital of the titles
only of Mr. James's volumes necessarily restricts the
quotation of criticisms upon the merits or demerits of their
contents. It has fallen to the lot of few authors to be so
much road, and at the same time so much abused, as the
owner of the fertile pen which claims the long list of
novels commencing with Richelieu in 1829 and exter ling
950
JAM
JAM
to Lord Montagu's Page in 1858. That there should be a
family likeness in this numerous race-where so many, too,
are nearly of an age-can be no matter of surprise. The
mind, like any other artisan, can only construct from
materials which lie within its range; and when no time is
allowed for the accumulation and renewal of these, it is
vain to hope that variety of architecture will conceal the
identity of substance. Yet, after all, the champion of this
popular author will probably argue that this objection
against the writings of Mr. James is greatly overstated
and extravagantly overestimated. The novelist can draw
only from the experience of human life in its different
phases, and these admit not of such variety as the inordi-
nate appetite of the modern Athenians unreasonably de-
mands. A new series of catastrophes and perplexities, of
mortifications and triumphs, of joys and sorrows, cannot
be evoked for the benefit of the reader of each new novel.
Again, Mr. James's admirer insists that this charge of
sameness so often urged against our novelist's writings
is perhaps overstated. Where one author, as is frequently
the case, gains the reputation of versatility of talent by
writing one or two volumes, it is not to be believed that
Mr. James exhibits less in one or two hundred. He who
He who
composes a library is not to be judged by the same
standard as he who writes but one book. And even if
the charge of "sameness" be admitted to its full extent,
yet many will cordially concur with the grateful and
graceful acknowledgment of one of the most eminent of
modern critics:
"I hail every fresh publication of James, though I half know
what he is going to do with his lady, and his gentleman, and his
landscape, and his mystery, and his orthodoxy, and his criminal
trial. But I am charmed with the new amusement which he
brings out of old materials. I look on him as I look on a musician
famous for "variations." I am grateful for his vein of cheerful-
ness, for his singularly varied and vivid landscapes, for his power
of painting women at once ladylike and loving, (a rare talent.) for
making lovers to match, at once beautiful and well-bred, and for
the solace which all this has afforded me, sometimes over and over
again, in illness and in convalescence, when I required interest
without violence, and entertainment at once animated and mild."
LEIGH HUNT.
Two of the severest criticisms to which Mr. James's
novels have been subjected are, the one in the London
Athenæum for April 11, 1846, and the one in the North
American Review (by E. P. Whipple) for April, 1844.
From each of these we quote a few lines:
A The first and most obvious contrivance for the attainment of
quantity is, of course, Dilution; but this recourse has practically
its limit, and Mr. James had reached it long ago. Commonplace
in its best day, any thing more feeble, vapid.—sloppy, in fact, (for
we know not how to characterize this writer's style but by some
of its own elegancies,)-than Mr. James's manner has become, it
were difficult to imagine. Every literary grace has been swamped
in the spreading marasmus of his style."--Athenæum: ubi supra.
"He is a most scientific expositor of the fact that a man may be
a maker of books without being a maker of thoughts; that he may
be the reputed author of a hundred volumes and flood the market
with his literary wares, and yet have very few ideas and principles
for his stock in trade. For the last ten years he has been repeating
his own repetitions and echoing his own echoes. His first novel
was a shot that went through the target, and he has ever since
been assiduously firing through the hole. When a man has
little or nothing to say, he should say it in the smallest space. IIe
should not, at any rate, take up more room than suffices for a
creative mind. He should not provoke hostility and petulance by
the effrontery of his demands upon time and patience. He should
let us off with a few volumes, and gain our gratitude for his bene-
volence, if not our praise for his talents."-E. P. WHIPPLE: ubi
supra, and in his Essays and Reviews, ii. 116–137.
•
•
We have spoken of Mr. James's champions and ad-
mirers; and such are by no means fabulous personages,
notwithstanding the severe censures of which we have just
exhibited specimens. A brief quotation from one of these
eulogies will be another evidence added to the many in
this volume of a wide dissimilarity in critical opinions:
"His pen is prolific enough to keep the imagination constantly
nourished; and of him, more than of any modern writer, it may
be said, that he has improved his style by the mere dint of constant
and abundant practice. For, although so agreeable a novelist, it
must not be forgotten that he stands infinitely higher as an histo
..
rian. The most fantastic and beautiful coruscations which the
skies can exhibit to the eyes of mankind dart as if in play from
the huge volumes that roll out from the crater of the volcano. .
The recreation of an enlarged intellect is ever more valuable than
the highest efforts of a confined one. Hence we find in the works
before us, [Corse de Leon, The Ancient Régime, and The Jacquerie,]
lightly as they have been thrown off, the traces of study,—the foot-
steps of a powerful and vigorous understanding.”—Dublin Uni-
versity Magazine, March, 1842.
The Edinburgh Review concludes some comments upon
our author with the remark,
|
"Our readers will perceive from these general observations that
we estimate Mr. James's abilities, as a romance-writer, highly: his
works are lively and interesting, and animated by a spirit of sound
and healthy morality in feeling, and of natural delineation in cha-
racter, which, we think, wil secure for them a calm popularity
which will last beyond the present day.”
We have before us more than thirty (to be exact, just
thirty-two) commendatory notices of our author, but
brief extracts from two of these is all for which we can
find space.
66
He belongs to the historical school of fiction, and, like the
masters of the art, takes up a real person or a real event, and, pur-
suing the course of history, makes out the intentions of nature by
adding circumstances and heightening character, till, like a statue
in the hands of the sculptor, the whole is in fair proportion, truth
of sentiment, and character. For this he has high qualities,—an
excellent taste, extensive knowledge of history, a right feeling of
the chivalrous, and a heroic and a ready eye for the picturesque:
his proprieties are admirable; his sympathy with whatever is high-
souled and noble is deep and impressive. His best works are
Richelieu and Mary of Burgundy."- ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog.
and Crit. Hist. of the Lit, of the Last Fifty Years, 1833.
objections prominently urged against Mr. James as an
The critic next to be quoted, whilst coinciding in the
author,-repetition, tediousness, and deficiency of terse-
urges on his behalf that
*
"There is a constant appeal in his brilliant pages not only to the
pure and generous, but to the elevated and noble sentiments; he is
imbued with the very soul of chivalry: and all his stories turn on
the final triumph of those who are influenced by such feelings
over such as are swayed by selfish or base desires. He possesses
great pictorial powers, aud a remarkable facility of turning his
graphic pen at will to the delineation of the most distant and oppo-
site scenes, manners, and social customs. Not a word or a
thought which can give pain to the purest heart ever escapes from
his pen; and the mind wearied with the cares and grieved at the
selfishness of the world reverts with pleasure to his varied com-
positions, which carry it back, as it were, to former days, and
portray, perhaps in too brilliant colours, the ideas and manners
of the olden time.”—SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON: Hist. of Europe, 1815-.
52. chap. v., 1853. See also Alison's Essays, 1850, iii. 545–546;
North British Review, Feb. 1857, art. on Modern Style.
James, Henry, D.D., Master of Queen's Coll., Camb.
1. Serm., Lon., 1674, 4to. 2. Serm., 1674, 4to.
•
James, Henry. Bank-Restriction Act, 1818.
James, Henry, of Albany, New York. 1. Moralism
and Christianity; or, Man's Experience and Destiny, N.
York, 1850, 12mo. 2. Lectures and Miscellanies, 1852,
12mo. 3. The Church of Christ not an Ecclesiasticism,
1854. 4. The Nature of Evil Considered in a Letter ad-
dressed to the Rev. Edward Beecher. D.D., author of The
Conflict of Ages, 1855, 12mo. See Putnam's Mag.,
May, 1855, 543-547.
May, 1855, 545–547. 5. Christianity the Logic of Creation,
1857, 12mo.
"Henry James, of Albany, is the most argumentative and elo-
quent advocate of new social principles in the country."-HUI. T.
TUCKERMAN: Sketch of Amer. Lit.
James, Isaac. 1. Providence Displayed: Alex. Sel-
kirk, &c., Lon., 1800, 12mo. See DE FOE, DANIEL, p. 489.
2. Essay on the Sign of the Prophet Jonah, Bristol, 1802,8vo.
"Mr. James's Essay on Jonah has some attractions, though we
should not venture to recommend it for general adoption.”—British
Critic.
Lon., 1854, 12mo.
James, J. H. On Land and Building Societies,
*
Mr. James has carefully executed the design of his work.”—
Legal Observer.
James, John. Trans. of Claude Perrault's Treat. on
the Five Orders of Architecture, Lon., 1708, fol.
James, John. Serms., 1678, 'S2, both 4to.
James, John.
John. 1. Traus. of Pozzo's Perspective, Lon.,
1707, fol. 2. Trans of Le Blond's Gardening, 1712, 4to.
James, John. Survey and Demand for Dilapida-
tions in the See of Canterbury, &c., Lon., 1717, 4to.
James, Johu. Anatomico-Chirurgical Views of the
Nose, Mouth, Larynx, and Fauces, 1809, fol.
James, John, of Penmaen. Serm., 1815, Svo.
James, John, D.D., Dean of Peterborough. 1. Com-
ment. on the Collects, &c.; 2d ed., Lon., 1826, Svo. 2.
Comment. on the Ordination Service, 1846, 12mo. Other
works.
James, John Angell, b. 1785, an Independent minis-
ter of Birmingham, one of the most popular and useful
writers of the day. 1. Anxious Inquirer after Salvation.
Many edits.; last edit., 1849, 18mo, fp. Svo, and 32mo. 2.
Christian Charity Explained; 6th ed., 1850, 12mo. 3. Chris-
tian's Daily Treasury, 12mo. 4. Christian Father's Present;
13th ed., 1841, 12mo. 5. Christian Fellowship; 11th ed.,
1855, 12mo. 6. Christian Professor Addressed; 5th ed.,
1852, 12mo. 7. Christian Progress, 1853, 18mo: a sequel
to No. 1. 8. Church in Earnest; 4th ed., 1851, 12mo. 9.
Course of Faith, 1852, 18mo. 10. Earnest Ministry the
Want of the Times; 6th ed., 1855, 12mo. 11. Elizabeth
Bates, 1845, 32mo. 12. Family Monitor; 9th ed., 1848,
12mo. 13. Female Piety; or, The Young Woman's Friend
and Guide; 4th ed., 1855, 12mo. 14. Flower Faded, 18mo.
15. Happiness: its Nature and Sources described, &c., 32mo.
16. Jubilee Scenes at Birmingham, 1855, fp. 17. Memoirs
951
JAM
JAM
of Mrs. James, 12mo. 18. Olive-Branch and the Cross, | 1633, 4to, 1740, Svo. Also in Churchill's Voyages, ii. p
1850, 12mo. 19. Pastoral Addresses, 1840, 42, &c., 3 479, 1703; in Coxe's Voyages, i. 1741; and in Harris'e
series. New ed., 1846, 3 vols. 12mo. 20. Protestant Non-Collection, vol. ii. It is a valuable work to the collector
conformnity in Birmingham, 1849, 12mo. 21. Serm. on Ps. of Arctic Voyages, and has brought as much as £6.
"His narrative contains some remarkable physical observations
cxlvii. 11; 2d ed., 1819, Svo. 22. Sunday-school Teacher's
on the cold and ice; but no hint of any discovery of importance.”-
Guide; 17th ed., 1845, 18mo. 23. True Christian, 18mo.
Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
24. Widow directed to the Widow's God; 6th thousand, 1849,
James, Lt. Col. Thomas, R. Artillery. The
18mo. 25. Young Man's Friend and Guide, 2d ed., 1852, Hist. of the Herculean Straits, now called the Straits of
12mo. See No. 13. 26. Young Man from Home, 1839, 18mo. Gibraltar, Lon., 1771, 2 vols. r. 4to. The 2d vol. contains
27. Christian Hope, 1858, 16mo. An account of this popular detailed accounts of several sicges and successful defences
preacher and author will be found in Pen-Pictures of Popu- of Gibraltar previous to the last great siege which it sus-
lar English Preachers, Lon., 1853, 274-288. See also
Eclec. Rev., 4th series, ii. 538; Blackw. Mag., xlv. 484;
N. llaven Chris. Month. Spec., ix. 428, (by R. Robbins;)
N. York Lit. and Theol. Rev., i. 595, (by W. B. Sprague.)
James, John Thomas, D.D., 1786-1829, educated
at Christ Church, Oxford; Bishop of Calcutta, 1827.
Journal of Travels in Germany, Sweden, Russia, Poland,
&c. in 1813-14, Lon., 1816, 4to, with plates. A valuable
work. 2. Views in Russia, Poland, Germany, and Swe-
dep. Should accompany No. 1. 3. The Flemish, Dutch,
and German Schools of Painting, 1822, Svo. See Memoirs
of Bishop James, 1830, 8vo.
tained.
1.
James, L. Letters relating to the College of Physi-
cians, Lon., 1688, 4to.
James, Maria, b. in Wales about 1795, emigrated to
America in her seventh year, and since the age of ten has
lived at service with a number of families, whose regard
she has secured by the excellence of her deportiment and
her intellectual abilities. In 1833 some of her compositions
fell into the bands of Professor Alonzo Potter, D.D., of
Union College, now the esteemed Bishop of the Protestant
Episcopal Church in the State of Pennsylvania, and in
1839 he introduced a collection of them to the public under
the title of Wales, and other Poems, by Maria James.
Some specimens of Miss James's poetry will be found in
Griswold's Female Poets of America.
James, Marian. 1. Ethel; or, the Double Error, N.
York, 1855, 16mo. 2. The Elder Sister, 1856, 16mo.
James, Marmaduke. Serm., 1659, 4to.
James, Richard, 1592-1638, a native of Newport,
Isle of Wight, educated at Exeter and Corpus Christi
Colleges, Oxford, pub. a number of sermons, &c., 1625-33,
and left many MS. pieces. This learned critic and anti-
quary was a nephew of Thomas James, D.D., Sub-dean
of Wells. See Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit., Supp.; Bp. Nicol
son's Hist. Lib.; Lon. Gent. Mag., xxxvii. 336.
James, Robert, M.D., 1703-1776, the inventor of
the celebrated Fever Powder, was a native of Stafford-
shire, and educated at St. John's College, Oxford. His
best-known work is A Medicinal Dictionary, Lon., 1743-
45, 3 vols. fol. His Vindication of the Fever Powder was
not pub. until after his death. See Chalmers's Biog.
Dict.; Boswell's Life of Johnson. Dr. Johnson, who al-
ways had a propensity for dubbling in physic, furnished
some of the articles for the Medicinal Dictionary, and ob-
served of Dr. James, "No man brings more mind to his
profession."
Johnson also wrote the Dedication (and nothing of his
is more truly "Johnsonese,") to Dr. Mead.
James, S. Guide to English Tongue, Lon., 1799.
James, Samuel. Gracious Dealings of God with
several Christians, Lon., 1761.
James, Samuel. Willow Bark in the cure of Agues,
&c., Lon., 1792, 8vo.
James, Silas. Voyage to Arabia, &c., Lon., 1797.
James, T. Horton. Six Months in South Australia,
Port Philip, &c., Lon., 1839, Svo.
James, Thomas, D.D., 1571?-1629, a native of
Newport, Isle of Wight, educated at and Fellow of (1593)
New College, Oxford; appointed Keeper (the first one) of
the Bodleian Library, 1602; resigned this post in 1620;
Sub-dean of Wells, 1614, and subsequently Rector of
Mongeham, Kent. His best-known work is A Treatise of
the Corruption of Scriptures, Councils, and Fathers, by
the Prelates, Pastors, and Pillars of the Church of Rome,
for Maintenance of Popery and Irreligion, Lon., 1612, 4to;
1688, Svo; edited by Rev. J. E. Cox, 1843, 8vo. A new
ed. of his Bellum Papale (first ed., 1600, 4to, again, 1678,
8vo) was pub. in 1841, 12mo. We have already noticed
his Catalogue of the Bodleian Library in the Life of Sir
Thomas Bodley. Dr. James was one of the most learned
critics of his day. See Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit., Supp.;
Genl. Dict.; Usher's Life and Letters; Oldys's Librarian;
Horne's Introduc. to the Scrip.
James, Thomas, d. 1804, Head-Master of Rugby
School, 1776-93, pub. a Compend. of Geography for Rugby
School, two serms., and the Fifth Book of Euclid explained
by Algebra.
James, Thomas, Vicar of Sibbertoft and Thedding-
worth. 1. The Fabies of Esop; a new version, chiefly from
the Original Greek, Lon., 1847, p. Svo. With upwards
of 100 illust. by Tenniel.
J
"Remarkable for the clearness and conciseness with which each
tale is narrated."—Lon. Examiner.
This new trans. is intended to take the place of the de-
fective ones of Croxall, Baldwin, L'Estrange, &c. The
illustrations add greatly to the value of the work.
"Nothing has been seen like them since Bewick."
2. Esop for the Million; 38th thousand, 1858, p. 8vo.
3. The Book of Common Prayer, &c., edited with Notes
and Illustrations.
"It is impossible to speak too highly of the exceeding beauty of
this work."-Cambridge Chronicle.
James, Thomas C., M.D., 1766-1835, an eminent
physician, a native of Philadelphia, Penn., graduated as a
Pennsylvania in
student of medicine at the University of
1788, and in 1811 was appointed Professor of Midwifery
in the same institution. He practised his profession in
his native city with great success until his death. Dr.
James was an accomplished scholar, and contributed to the
Philadelphia Port-Folio, under the signature of P. D., trans-
lations in verse of the Idyls of Gessner, which were highly
commended. See Williams's Amer. Med. Biog.; Phila.
Casket, March, 1830; Amer. Med. Jour., (art. by Hugh L.
Hodge, M.D.,) July, 1843.
James, W., and Mole, A. 1. English and French
Dictionary, Lon., 1851, 12mo; 2d ed., 1852, sq., Leipzig,
1853, 12mo.
Commended.
2. JAMES, W., and Grassi, G. English and Italian
Dictionary, 1855, 12mo.
Dictionary, 1855, 12mo. 3. Dict. of English and German,
1856, sq.
James, Wm., D.D. Serms., 1578, '90.
James, Wm. Isagoge in Linguam Chaldæam, Lon.,
1651, Svo.
Serm., Oxon., 1729, 8vo.
James, Wm., of Clyro.
James, Wm. Law on Denford Question, 1813, Svo.
James, Wm., d. 1827.
d. 1827. 1. Military Occurrences of
the Late War between G. Britain and the U. States, Lon.,
1817, Svo; 1818, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Naval Hist. of G. Britain,
1793-1820, 5 vols. Svo, and 2 4to atlases of Tables, 1822;
2d ed., with addits., 1826, 6 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., with addit.
notes and continuation by Capt. Chamier, 1847, 6 vols. 8vo.
James, Capt. Thomas. Dangerous Voyage for
for
discovering the northwest passage to the South Sea, Lon.,,
"This book is one of which it is not too high praise to assert,
that it approaches as nearly to perfection, in its own line, as any
historical work perhaps ever did; and we must acknowledge that
we cannot contemplate without admiration the impartial and un-
wearied zeal for historical truth which alone could have supported
the author through his tedious and thankless labours."-Edin. kev.
Highly commended by other authorities.
"MR. TICKLER.-A Naval History is a very good thing, if written
by a competent person, which James is not, although the man has
some merit as a chronicler. But the very idea of criticising in de-
tail every action, just as you would criticise a volume of poems, is
not a little absurd. Southey's Life of Nelson is good.'
..
NORTH. Excellent. Look at James's History after reading
that admirable Manual, and you will get sick."—Noctes Ambros,
Blackw. Mag., April, 1824, 382.
·
"James's Naval History-we love to carry our head high even
in sleep-we use as a pile of pillows on Clerk of Eldin's book about
breaking the Line, (an old achievement,) which has been our bol-
ster.-Joux WILSON: Blackw. Mag., Aug. 1831, 248.
..
By far the best historian of the Navy is, like ourselves, a lands
man, Mr. James. His work is an inestimable one."-Blackw. Mog,
June, 1827, 737.
"James, in his excellent Naval History," &c.—Ibid., July, 1833, 21
See also Lon. Lit. Gaz.; Lon. Atlas; Goodhugh's E. G.
Lib. Man., 52.
monthly numbers, at five shillings."-SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON: Copy-
"James's Naval History has already issued from the press in
right Question in Black w. Mag., Jan. 1842, and in his Essays, 1850,
ii. 445.
Within the last few weeks (i.e. in Jan. 1857) a new ed
of James's Naval History has been announced; in 6 vols.
Svo, 78. per vol.
952
JAM
JAM
James, Wm. Bosville. Wine-Duties considered
Financially and Socially: being a Reply to Sir James
Emerson Tennent on Wine, its Taxation and Use, Lon.,
1856, 8vo, pp. 204.
Jameson. A Crit. and Prac. Expos. of the Penta-
teuch, Lon., 1748, fol. Pub. in numbers.
"Compiled with considerable industry from the labours of the
best interpreters, antient and modern."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
"Some of the notes are good; but others are trifling. The work
has never enjoyed much reputation."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Jameson, Mrs. Anna, a daughter of Mr. Murphy,
late painter-in-ordinary to the Princess Charlotte, was
married about 1824 to Mr. Jameson, who has for many
years held an official appointment in Canada. This union
"proved less fortunate in its issues than in its promises,
and has long been practically, though not legally, dis-
solved." The works of this lady have long enjoyed an
extensive popularity, and few writers of the age have
done so much to refine the public taste and diffuse a know-
ledge of the great masters of art. 1. The Diary of an
Ennuyée, written during a Tour in Italy, Lon., 1826, sın.
Svo. Anonymous. 2d ed., 1834, p. 8vo. Pub. at the same
time with Visits and Sketches at Home and Abroad, 2
vols. p. 8vo, and a number of Mrs. Jameson's Tales and
Miscellanies contributed to various annuals, now first
collected, 1 vol. p. 8vo. 3d ed. of The Diary of an En-
nuyée, 1838, p. 8vo.
"Nor could we give a better instance of real description and
opinions interwoven with a romance-though in no way needing
this fictitious interest-than another established favourite.-Mrs.
Jameson's Diary of an Ennuyée.”—Miss RIGBY: Lady Travellers;
Lon. Quar. Rev., June, 1845.
"A combination of
and actual observation, the
effect of which is as if Sterne had united his Sentimental Journey
effect of which is as if Sterne had united his Sentimental Journey
with the matter-of-fact details of a topographical guide-book."-
Lon. New Month. Mag.
"The notices of authors and artists are copious and interesting."-
Lon. Literary Gazette.
See also Edin. Rev., Ix. 197; Lon. Month. Rev., cix. 414.
2. Loves of the Poets, 1829, 2 vols. p. Svo; 3d ed., 1837,
2 vols. p. 8vo.
"These volumes are replete with the beautiful and unknown.”—
Westminster Rev.
Also highly commended by The Athenæum; Blackw.
Mag., xxvi. 524, (by Prof. Wilson;) The Literary Gazette;
the Atlas, &c. See Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, ed.
1854, iii. 40, n. Lon. Month. Rev., cxx. 17; Amer. Month.
Rev., iii. 384.
|
3. Lives of Celebrated Female Sovereigns, 1831, 2 vols.
8vo; 3d ed., 1840, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"A work equally agreeable to old or young could hardly be pro-
duced."-Lon. Lit. Gaz.
4. Characteristics of Women: Moral, Poetical, and His-
torical, 1832, 2 vols. 8vo; 4th ed., 1846, 2 vols. p. Svo.
New lib. ed., 1858, 2 vols. Svo. In these vols. we have dis-
quisitions on the female characters of Shakspeare's plays.
"Two truly delightful volumes."-CHRISTOPHER NORTH: Noctes
Ambrosiane, Nov. 1832.
Mrs. Jameson's Essays on the Female Characters of Shakspeare
are among the best. It was right that this province of illustration
should be reserved for a woman's hand."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of
Europe, ed. 1854, iii. 94.
เ
"Mrs. Jameson's volume on the Female Characters is a most elo-
quent and passionate representation of Shakspeare's women, and in
many respects is an important contribution to critical literature.
Its defects are so covered up in the brilliancy and buoyancy of its
style, that they are likely to escape notice.”—Whipple's Essays and
Reviews, ii. 223, q. v.; also in N. Amer. Rev., July, 1848.
See also Edin. Rev., lx. 90; Lon. Month. Rev., exxviii.
601; Amer. Month. Rev., iii. 478; Blackw. Mag., xxx.
841; xxxii. 859; xxxiii. 124, 143, 391, 539; xxxvi. 358,
363, 364; xl. 434, 435; xliv. 23; xlviii. 77.
5. Beauties of the Court of Charles II., 1833, 2 vols. r.
4to, £5 5.; large paper, £10 108.; 2 vols. imp. Svo, £2 58. ;
2d ed., 1851, imp. Svo; 21 portraits after Sir Peter Lely, &c.
"This truly beautiful and splendid production is equally a gem
among the Fine Arts and in Literature. Mrs. Jameson's diligence
of research-her charms of style-the acuteness, force, and justice
of her remarks her characteristic touches-the racy and piquant
manner with which she relates an anecdote—are too well known to
require eulogy from us."-Court Journal.
The accompanying Memoirs are so many specimens of exquisite
compositions of rare excellence and high value."-Lon. New Month.
Mag.
6. Visits and Sketches at Home and Abroad, 1834, 2
vols. p. Svo; 3d ed., 1840, 2 vols. p. Svo. See No. 1.
Highly commended in The Athenæum for 1834, 489, 515-
516, 547-548. See Edin. Rev., lx. 197.
:
7. Tales and Miscellanies, now first collected. See No.
1. S. Winter Studies and Summer Rambles in Canada,
1838, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
"I do not know a writer whose works breathe more of the spon-
taneous.-the free. Beauty and truth seem to come to her un-
sought."-DR. W. E. CHANNING. See his Memoirs.
See also Brit. and For. Rev., viii. 134. In 1852 was
I
pub., in Longman's Travellers' Library, Mrs. Jameson'
Sketches in Canada, 16mo, in 2 Pts., and also in 1 vol.
9. Pictures of the Social Life of Germany, as represented
in the Dramas of the Princess Amelia of Saxony, 1840, p
8vo. Mrs. Jameson has enriched her translation by an
introduction and notes to each drama. 10. Rubens: bis
Life and Genius; trans. from the German of Dr. Waagen,
with an Introduction by Mrs. Jameson, 1840, sq. 8vo.
"There is scarcely a gallery or nobleman's seat in Britain but
boasts some specimens of Rubens; and no work that Dr. Waagen
could have written is more likely to win him English readers than
the present, which Mrs. Jameson has edited and furnished with a
very clever and discriminatory preface.”—Lon. Athenæum,
11. Handbook to the Public Galleries of Art in and
¡
near London, 1842, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 2d ed., 1845, fp. 8vo.
This Handbook is a guide to the following collections:-
1. The National Gallery. 2. Windsor Castle. 3. Hamp-
ton Court. 4. Dulwich Gallery. 5. Soane's Museum. 6.
Barry's Pictures.
"Mrs. Jameson has indulged in less of dissertation than we could
have thought possible; producing, instead, a Guide-Book of singular
unity, clearness, and value.”—Lon. Athenæum.
"Completed in a very excellent manner; and no equal guide
could be found."-Lon. Lit. Gaz.
12. Companion to Private Galleries of Art in London,
1844, p. Svo. This vol. is a guide to the following collec-
tions:-1. Buckingham Palace. 2.
tions: 1. Buckingham Palace. 2. Bridgewater. 3. Su-
therland. 4. Grosvenor. 5. Lansdowne. 6. Sir Robert
Peel's. 7. Saml. Roger's.
"Pleasant to read, useful to consult, and valuable as a vade-me-
cum to the visitor.”—Lon. Spectator.
The Athenæum also speaks in high terms of this work.
13. Memoirs of the Early Italian Painters, and of the
Progress of Painting in Italy, from Cimabue to Bassano,
1845, 2 vols. 18mo. This useful work comprises upwards
of 30 biographies. 14. Memoirs and Essays on Art, Litera-
ture, and Social Morals, 1846, p. 8vo. An extract from
this work, entitled On the Relation of Mothers and Gover-
Art, 1848, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 1857, 2 vols. Svo.
nesses, was pub. in 1848, Svo. 15. Sacred and Legendary
"Mrs. Jameson's work would deserve a high place regarded only
as a book of antiquarian inquiry. With admirable taste and judg
ment, both of pen and pencil, she has opened a curious branch of
learning wellnigh forgotten among us-the vestiges of which,
nevertheless, surround us on every side."-Edin. Rec., April. 1849,
Also highly commended by Blackw. Mag.; Lon. Gent.
Mag.; Athenæum; Fraser's Mag.; Church of England
Quar. Rev.; Church and State Gaz.; Christian Rememb.;
Guardian; Examiner; Britannia; Lit. Gaz.; John Bull;
Spectator.
Nos. 16 and 17 are a continuation of a series of which
No. 15 is the first. 16. Legends of the Monastic Orders
as represented in the Fine Arts, 1850, med. Svo. See No. 15.
17. Legends of the Madonna, 1852, Svo; 2d ed., 1857, Svo.
See No. 15. Respecting Nos. 15. 16, 17. see Mod. Light Lit.,
art. in Blackw. Mag., Dec. 1855. 18. A Commonplace-
Book of Thoughts, Memories, and Fancies, Original and
Selected: Pt. 1. Ethics and Character; Pt. 2. Literature
and Art, 1854, sq. cr. Svo. This work was favourably re-
viewed in the Lon. New Monthly
viewed in the Lon. New Monthly Mag. for Feb. 1855,
and in the Irish Quarterly Rev. for March, 1855, but met
with less favour in The Athenæum for Nov. 18, 1854. 19.
Sisters of Charity, Catholic and Protestant, at Home and
Abroad; a Lecture delivered Feb. 14, 1855, 1855, fp. Svo.
Praised by The Athenæum, (1855, 399-400,) and, with
qualifications, by The Spectator. 20. The Communion of
Labour: a Second Lecture on the Social Employments of
Women, 1856, fp. Svo. This forms a sequel to No. 19.
"Altogether, Mrs. Jameson's little volume is one for serious
notice: it is a grave, reflective, almost a saddening, book, abounding
in utterances of the most genial humanity."-Athenæum, 1856, 1164
An interesting review of Mrs. Jameson's writings (from
the New Monthly Magazine) will be found in the Living
Age, xl. 147–152.
We have quoted quite a number of opinions on this
lady's writings, but many more which lie before us aro
excluded by want of space. The cordial eulogy of Chris-
topher North, who several times introduces Mrs. Jameson
into the Ambrosianæ, must not be omitted:
"One of the most eloquent of our female writers; fuli of feeling
and fancy; a true enthusiast, with a glowing soul."-Nov. 1831.
See also his review of the Loves of the Poets, in Blackw.
Mag., xxvi. 524; reprinted in Wilson's Works, Edin. and
Lon., 1856, v. 269–297.
Jameson, R. 1. The Student of Salamanca; a Com.,
1813. 2. A Touch at the Times; a Com., 1813.
Jameson, R. G. New Zealand, South Australia,
and New S. Wales, Lon., 1841, p. Svo.
"Mr. Jameson is an intelligent and unprejudiced observer, and
has made good use of his faculties."-Lon. Spectator.
Also recommended by the Lon. Globe.
953
JAM
JAN
Jameson, R. S., of Lincoln's Inn. 1. Walker's and | 121–145. 5. Hermes Scythiæus; or, The Radical Affinities
Johnson's Dictionaries Combined, 1828; 7th ed., 1856, of the Greek and Latin Languages to the Gothic, 1811,
Svo, pp. 832. See Introduc. to Webster's Dictionary. 2. Svo. Dr. Noah Webster (see the Introduc. to his Diction-
Reports. See GLYN, THOMAS C.
ary) thinks Jamieson in error in several positions advanced
in this and the preceding work. 6. Hist. Account of the
Ancient Culdees of Iona, Edin., 1811, 4to. 7. Grammar
of Rhetoric and Polite Literature, 1818, 12mo. Dr. J.
pub. a number of single serms., some poems, &c. See
Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Dict.
of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, vol. v.; Lon. Gent. Mag.,
Oct. 1838.
Jameson, R. W. 1. Nimrod; a Dramatic Poem,
Lon., 12mo. 2. Timoleon; a Tragedy, 1852, Svo. 3. The
Curse of Gold, 1854, 12mo; 2d ed., 1855, 12mo.
"The plot is a violation of reason, probability, and common
sense.”—Lon. Athenæum, 1855, 16.
Jameson, Robert, 1773-1854, a native of Leith,
Regius Professor of Natural History in the University of
Edinburgh from 1804 until his death; pub. several valu-
able works, among which are-1. Mineralogy of the Shet-
land Islands and of Arran, Edin., 1798, 8vo.
2. Mine-
ralogy of the Scottish Isles, 1800, 2 vols. 4to; 1813, 2 vols.
4to. 3. External Characters of Minerals, 1805, Svo; 3d
ed., 1817, Svo. 4. System of Mineralogy, 1804-08, 3 vols.
Svo; 1816, 3 vols. Svo; 1820, 3 vols. 8vo. 5. Manual of
Mineralogy, 1821, Svo. 6. Elements of Mineralogy, 1840,
Jamieson, Robert, minister of Curric. 1. Manners
p. Svo.
In 1819, in conjunction with Sir David Brewster, and Trials of the Primitive Christians; 2d ed., Lon., 1841,
Prof. J. commenced the publication of the Edinburgh fp. Svo. Highly praised. 2. Eastern Manners illustra
Philos. Jour., and was editorially connected with this
tive of the Old Test. Hist., Edin., 1836, 18mo; new ed.,
periodical until his death. He also contributed articles to Lon., 1843, 18mo: 3. Of the Gospels, 1837, 18mo; Edin.,
the Encyc., Brit., the Edin. Cyc., the Trans. of the Wer-1838, 18mo: 4. Of the Epistles, 1841, 18mo: 3d ed. of
nerian Soc., (founded by Prof. J.,) Nic. Jour., and Thom.
Eastern Manners illust. of the N. Test. Hist., 1851, 12mo.
Ann. Philos. See Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1854; Blackw.
5. Third ed. of Prof. Geo. Paxton's Illust. of Scrip. from
Mag., ii. 20; vii. 331; xii. 45; xxiii. 860.
the Geography, Natural Hist., and Manners and Customs
of the East, 1842, 4 vols. 12mo. Mr. J. also edited The
Excitement, or A Book to induce Young People to Read;
an annual publication issued from 1830 to '47 inclusive.
Jameson, Robert F.
Robert F. Ilistorical Tales of the Re-
formation in the Southwest Provinces of France and
Navarre, Lon., 1839, 12mo.
Jameson, Thomas. Medical treatises, 1789–92.
Jameson, Thomas, M.D. Med. treatises, &c., 1792-
66
Jamieson, James. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1731-36.
Jamieson, John, D.D., 1759-1838, a native of Glas-
gow, minister of the Anti-Burgher Secession Church in
Scotland, stationed at Forfar, 1781-97; at Edinburgh,
1797-1838. His best-known works are the following: 1.
Serms. on the Heart, Edin., 1789-90, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Very powerful and searching Sermons on this subject."-
Bickersteth's C. S.
2. A Vindic. of the Doct. of Scripture and of the Primi-
tive Faith conc. the Deity of Christ, Lon., 1794, 2 vols. 8vo.
“A very able and learned reply to Priestley's History of Early
Opinions."-Bickerstethe's C. S.
I am inclined to think the inquirer will find more satisfaction
in Dr. Jamieson than in Bishop Horsley.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
3. Use of Sacred History, 1802, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Very important, and calculated to be very useful."-Orme's
Bill. Bib.
Jamieson, Robert. Popular Ballads and Songs
from Tradition, MSS., and Scarce Edits., Edin, 1806, 2
vols. 8vo.
1811.
Jameson, Wm., Prof. of Hist. in the Univ. of Glas-
gow. Spicilegia Antiquitatum Egypti atque ei Vicimarum
Gentium, Glasg., 1720, 8vo.
This work contains occasional illustrations of the Scriptures,
and discovers considerable acquaintance with ancient literature,
and with the geography of Palestine and Egypt.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Jameson pub. several theolog. treatises, 1689-1713.
Jameson, Wm. Essay on Virtue and Harmony,
Edin., 1749, 12mo. This is an attempt to reconcile the
various theories of moral obligation.
Jamieson, Mrs., pub. several novels, books of travels,
and histories, and The First, or Mother's Dictionary, the
8th ed. of which appeared in 1851, 18mo.
Jamieson, Alexander. Mechanics for Practical Atmore's Methodist Memorial.
Men; 4th ed., Lon., 1845, Svo; 1850, Svo.
"A great mechanical treasure.”—DR. BIRKBECK.
Janeway, Jacob J., D.D., 1774-1858, a native of the
Other works on mathematics, geography, history, logic, became a Presbyterian minister, (was also for some time
city of New York, graduated at Columbia College, 1794,
rhetoric, and tales.
connected with the Reformed Dutch Church,) and filled sevc-
ral important ccclesiastical posts. For a number of years
before his death he was a resident of New Brunswick, N. Jer-
2. Expos. of the Epist. to the Hebrews, 18mo. 3. Internal
sey. 1. Expos. of the Epist. to the Romans, Phila., 18mo.
Evidence of the Holy Bible, 12mo. 4. Expos. of the Acts
of the Apostles, 24mo. 5. Communicant's Manual, 18mo.
6. On Unlawful Marriage, N. York, 1844, 18mo. 7. Let-
ters on the Abrahamic Covenant. S. Mode of Baptism.
9. Essays on the Inability of Sinners. 10. Letters on the
Atonement. 11. Review of Schaff on Protestantism. 12.
With the Rev. Samuel Miller, D.D., The Christian Edu-
cation of the Children and Youth in the Presbyterian
Church, Phila., 18mo. A biographical notice of Dr. Jane-
way will be found in the (Phila.) Presbyterian Magazine,
May, 1853.
4. Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language,
Ediu., 1808-09, 2 vols. 4to, £4 48. Abridged edit., 1818,
Svo, 148. Supp. to the large edit., 1825, 2 vols. 4to,
making in all 4 vols. 4to, 1808-09, '25; 2d ed., enlarged,
including Supp., edited by John Johnstone, Lon.; 1840–44,
8 Parts in 4 vols. 4to. Parts 1-4 comprise a new ed. of the
Dictionary; Parts 5-8 a new ed. of the Supp. Only 350
copies were pub., at £S S. Abridged, 1846, 8vo, £1 18.; |
1850, 8vo, 12». This is one of the most valuable lexico-
graphical works ever issued. The erudition, patience,
and industry of the author are beyond praise: his accu-
racy, however, is not always beyond question. But who
is to decide where there must be so much of mere conjec-
ture? We may be allowed to suggest that the philologist
should secure, as a companion for Jamieson's Dictionary,
Dictionarium Scoto-Celticum, pub. by The Highland So-
ciety, 1825, 2 vols. 4to, £7 78.; large paper, £10 108.; con-
densed edit., with additional words, £1 18. This excellent
work, on which Drs. McLeod and Dewar expended much |
labour, is for the Gaelic (or Celtic dialect of Scotland)
what Dr. Jamieson's is for the pure Scottish. A review
of the last-named work will be found in Edin. Rev., xiv.
"This work . opened a new discovery respecting the ori
ginal source of the Scottish Ballads. Mr. Jamieson's annota-
tions are also very valuable."-SIR WALTER SCOTT: Introduc. Re-
marks on Popular Poetry.
·
Jamieson, Robert, D.D., minister of St. Paul's
Church, Glasgow. 1. Cyclopædia of Religious Biography,
Glasg. and Lon., 1853, p. Svo. A very useful compendium.
2. Scripture Readings, 1853, fp. Svo.
Jamineau, I. Mt. Vesuvius; Phil. Trans., 1755.
Jane, Joseph. Icon Aclastes, or the Image Un-
broken; being a Defence of the Icon Basilicé against Mil-
ton's Icon Aclastes, 1651, 4to. Anon.
Jane, Joseph. Righteousness, Brist., 1766, 8vo.
Jane, Wm., D.D. Serms., 1675-92.
Janes, Robert. 1. The Psalter and Canticles pointed
for Chanting; new ed., Lon., 1843, 32mo; 1852, 32mo.
2. Hymns and Canticles used in the Morning and Evening
Service; new ed., 18mo and 12mo.
Janes, Thomas. 1. Serms., Brist., 1771, 2 vols.
12mo. 2. Beauties of the Poets, Lon., 1777, 8vo. See
Janeway,James,1636-1674, a Non-conformist divine
at Rotherhithe, pub. four single serms., 1671-74; the Life
of his brother John, 1673, 8vo; The Saint's Encourage-
ment to Diligence, a Legacy to his Friends, 1675, 8vo;
a Token for Children, 1676, 8vo, often reprinted; and
Heaven upon Earth, 1677, 8vo. See the ed. of the last,
with a Hist. of the Janeway Family, by Rev. F. A. Cox,
D.D., 1847, sm. 8vo. See also Athen. Oxon.; Granger's
Biog. Hist. of Eng.; Calamy; Robt. Hall's Works, ed.
1853, iv. 434-437.
Janney, Samuel L. Poems. See South. Lit. Mess.,
v. 505.
Janney, Samuel M., b. Loudon co., Va., 1801, a
member of the Society of Friends. 1. The Country School-
House, a prize poem, 1825. 2. Conversations on Religious
Subjects, 12mo, 1835; 3d ed., Phila., 1843. 3. The Last
of the Lenape; and other poems, 12mo, 1839. See South.
Lit. Mess., v. 505. 4. A Teacher's Gift, 1840. 5. An
Historical Sketch of the Christian Church, 1847. 6. Life
of William Penn, with selections from his correspondence
and autobiography, Phila., r. 8vo, 1852; 3d ed., 1856, or.
Svo.
901
JAN
JAR
"Gur author has acquitted himself in a manner worthy of his
subject. His style is easy, flowing, and yet sententious. Alto-
gether, we consider it a highly valuable addition to the literaturo
of our age, and a work that should find its way into the library of
every Friend."-Friends Intelligencer, Phila.
The last ed. contains an appendix in which the stric-
tures of Mr. Macaulay are examined.
7. The Life of Geo. Fox, with dissertations on his views
concerning the doctrines, testimonies, and discipline of the
Christian Church, 8vo, 1853; 2d ed., 1856, cr. 8vo. See
Living Age, xl. 232; Fox, GEORGE, p. 625. Nos. 6 and 7
have been favourably received in England.
¡
1.
Janson, B. Dutch and Eng. Dictionary, 1793, 4to.
Janson, Charles William, "late of the State of
Rhode Island," resided in America from 1793-1806.
The Stranger in America, Lon., 1807, 4to. Severely con-
demned in the Edin. Rev. for April, 1807, but more fa-
vourably noticed (by John Foster) in the Eclectic Review;
and see Foster's Essays, 1856, i. 44-62. Other notices of
the work will be found in the following English periodicals
for 1807: Month. Rev., May; Anti-Jacobin Rev., June;
Oxford Rev., June; Eclectic Rev., June; European Mag.,
May; Monthly Mirror, May; Modern Plutarch, May;
Sporting Mag., April; Cabinet, July; and see Rich's
Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 29. 2. Condition of the States of
Barbary, 1816, 12mo.
Janssen, Sir Stephen Theodore, Bart., Cham-
berlain of London. 1. Smuggling Laid Open, Lon., 1763,
'67, 8vo. 2. Letter to Lord-Mayor Beckford, 1770, 4to.
3. Some of Janssen's MSS. were pub. in Charles King's
Collec. of Papers rel. to the Trade and Com. of G. Brit.
and Ireland, 1743, 3 vols. 8vo.
Janus, Jun. Essays in Verse, Lon., 1766, 12mo.
Jaques, John. The Hist. of Junius and his Works,
Lon., 1843, cr. Svo. See JUNIUS.
Jaques, Wm. See JACQUES.
Jardine, Lt. Transit of Venus, &c.; Phil. Trans., 1769.
Jardine, Major Alexander. Letters from Barbary,
France, Spain, Portugal, &c., Lon., 1788, 2 vols. 8vo;
1793, 2 vols. 8vo. Anon.
Jardine, David. 1. General Index to Howell's
State Trials, Lon., 1828, Svo. 2. Criminal Trials, 1832-
35, 2 vols. 12mo. Part of the series of the Library of
Entertaining Knowledge. 3. A Reading on the Use of
Torture in the Criminal Law of England, 1837, Svo.
"A very learned and ingenious Reading."-T. B. MACAULAY:
Crit. and Hist. Essays, Lon., 1854; ii. 180, n., q. v.
4. A Narrative of the Gunpowder Plot, 1857, 12mo.
The Athenæum of Feb. 7, 1857, (p. 181,) and the Gent.
Mag. of Feb. 1857, (p. 213,) give very different accounts of
this book, which may be called a new ed. of vol. ii. of Mr.
Jardine's Criminal Trials.
Jardine, David B., minister of the Unitarian Chapel,
Bath. 1. Three Discourses, Lon., 1792, cr. Sro. 2. Serms.
from his MSS., with his Life, &c. by Rev. J. P. Estlin,
1798, 2 vols. 8vo
Jardine, George, 1743-1827, Prof. of Logic and
Rhetoric in the Univ. of Glasgow, 1774-1827. Outlines
of Philosophical Education, Glasg., 1818, Svo; 2d ed.,
enlarged. 1825, 8vo.
"Contains much valuable matter in the nature of remarks upon
the present mode of teaching in our universities, with suggestions
towards a reform."- Westminster Rev.
"It is most admirably calculated for the education of youth, and
worthy of all the praise that can be bestowed upon it.”—Blackw.
Mug., July, 1818, q. v.
An interesting biographical sketch of Professor Jardine
will be found in Blackwood's Mag., March, 1827.
Jardine, John. See FORBES, JOHN H.
Jardine, L. J., M.D. Letter from Pennsylvania to
a Friend in England, Lon., 1795, Svo. Contains advice
upon the subject of emigration. See Rich's Bibl. Amer.
Nova, i. 392.
Jardine, William, Surgeon, R.N. Essay on Surgi-
cal Instruments, Edin., 1814, '15, Svo.
Jardine, Sir William, Bart. 1. British Salmo-
nidæ, Pts. 1 and 2, Lon., 1839-41, each £3 3s. 2. Na-
tural Hist. of Humming-Birds. New ed., 1841, 2 vols.
Svo, £2 2s. This work composes vols. i. and ii. of the
Naturalist's Library: see No. 3, and see GOULD, JOHN,
No. 10. 3. Naturalist's Library, 1833-43, 40 vols. 12mo;
1200 col'd plates, £12, or 68. per. vol. People's edit.,
1845-50, £9, or 48. 6d. each vol.
"This book is perhaps the most interesting, the most beautiful,
and the cheapest series ever offered to the public.”—Lon. Athenæum.
The Illustrations, apart from the descriptive matter,
were issued in 1846, &c. in Parts at 58. each. In the
preparation of this valuable series, Sir Wm. Jardine was
assisted by Swainson, Waterhouse, Macgillivray, Bushnan,
Selby, comburgh, Col. Hamilton Smith, Dr. Hamilton,
↓
and the Rev. James Duncan. Each vol. (sold separately)
contains a memoir of a celebrated naturalist. Sir Thomas
Dick Lauder and Capt. Thomas Brown commenced in
November, 1833, the issue of The Miscellany of Natural
Ilistory, the design of which, the London Athenæum de-
clares, was taken from the work just noticed. See Athen.,
1833, 802-804. 4. Ichnology of Annandale, 3 Pts. fol.,
1852, each £1 18. 5. Contributions to Ornithology, 4
series, 1848-51, £3 98. for all. 6. With Prideaux John
Selby, Illustrations of Ornithology, Edin., 1829-45, 3 vols.
4to, £10 10%.; large paper, £15 15., 150 col❜d plates, and
150 duplicates, plain.
“This is a very excellent and valuable work, as indeed the talent
employed on it sufficiently ensures. The plates are beautifully
coloured, and the letter-press accurately and well written. We
strongly recommend it to our scientific readers."--Neville Wood.
The editor's assistants in this work were J. E. Bicheno,
J. G. Children, John Gould, Major-General Hardwicke,
Dr. Horsfield, R. Jameson, Sir T. Stamford Raffles, and
N. A. Vigors. To Sir Wm. Jardine we are also indebted
for the Notes and the Life of the author in Wilson's
American Ornithology, (with Prince Lucien Buonaparte's
Continuation,) Lon., 1832, 3 vols. 8vo; (Amer. ed., with
Synopsis by T. M. Brewer, N. York, 1854, 8vo;) an ex-
collent edit. of White's Natural Hist. and Antiq. of Sel-
borne; Memoirs of Hugh Edwin Strickland, M.A., with
his Scientific Writings, 1858, imp. 8vo; contributions to
the Annals of Natural History, &c. See HOOKER, SIR
WILLIAM JACKSON, K.H., D.C.L., &c.
"Sir William Jardine, an excellent practical observer."-Blackw.
Mag., xlvii. 535.
Jarman, D. E., of Bedford Episcopal Chapel, St.
George's, Bloomsbury. 1. Romish Monument, Lon., 1850.
2. Faith's Trial, 1852. 3. Young Protestant, 1855.
1
Jarman, Henry. New Prac. Ct. of Chancery, Lon.,
1853, 12mo; 2d ed., enlarged, 1854, 12mo.
"It is most ably executed.”—Løn. Law Mog.
Jarman, R. Jour. of a Voy. to the South Seas, 1839.
44, 2 vols. r. Svo; 1st Amer. ed., by J. C. Perkins, Bost.,
Jarman, Thomas. 1. A Treat. on Wills, Lon., 1841-
1845, 2 vols. Svo; 3d Amer. ed., by J. C. P., enlarged, 1855,
2 vols. Svo. A new English ed. is now in press. This is
by far the best Treatise on Wills in the language. Mr.
Perkins has greatly enhanced the value of the book. See
Warren's Law Studies, ed. 1845, 573, 574, 929; Warren's
Duties of Attorneys and Solicitors, 1851, 384-385; Shars-
wood's Profess. Ethics, 1854, 126; 5 Jurist, 669; vi. 485,
S Law Rec., 428; 3 Law Mag., 347; Marvin's Leg. Bibl.,
420.
|
"The notes added to the edition in two volumes [1845] by J. C.
Perkins, Esq., have given increased value to that full and excellent
work, which appears to be the most methodical and thorough
treatise which we have on the subject."- Kent's Com., 564, n., ed
1854.
See BYTHEWOOD, W. M.
2. Conveyancing. See BYTHEWOOD, W. M. Of Sweet's
ed., vols. i.-vii., ix., xi., and xii. (no vols. viii. and x.) have
been pub., 1839-50. See Warren's Law Studies, ed. 1845,
574. 3. Forms of Wills: see HAYES, WM., No. S.
..
Jarratt, J. H. Trans. of Gianuto and Selenus's
Works on Chess, 1817, 2 vols. Svo.
Jarrett, Thomas, Prof. of Hebrew and Arabic in
and Grammar, Lon., 1848, Svo.
the Univ. of Cambridge. Hebrew and English Lexicon
Jarrold, Thomas, M.D., of Manchester. 1. Dis-
sertation on Man, in answer to Malthus on Population,
Lon., 1806, Svo.
Have you seen a good book in reply to Malthus, by Dr. Jar-
Fold:"-Southey to J. Kickman, May 27, 1807.
A book where the question of population is discussed with real
originality, and where true philosophy and true piety enlighten
and support each other."-Lom. Quar. Rev.
2. Letter to S. Whitbread on the Poor-Laws, 1807. 3.
Anthropologia, 1808, 4to. 4. Con. to Anu. of Med., 1801
12mo.
Jarrom, T. Discourses on Rom. ix., Wisbech, 1827,
"Non-Calvinistic, but practical."-Bickersteth's C. S.
Jarry, General. Light Infantry, Lon., 1803, 12mo.
Jarves, James Jackson, of Massachusetts. 1. Hist.
of the Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands, Bost., 1843, Svo;
Lon., 1843, Svo.
"Mr. Jarves spent four years among the Hawaiian group, and
devoted himself most diligently to the study of all matters concern-
ing it. The result is truly refreshing."-Ilunt's Merchant's Mug,
ix. 15, 111.
2. Scenes and Scenery of the Sandwich Islands, Bost.,
1844, 12mo; Lon., 1844, 12mo.
1844, 12mo; Lon., 1844, 12mo. 3. Scenes and Scenery
in California, Bost., 12mo. 4. Parisian Sights and French
Principles seen through American Spectacles, New York,
1855, 12mo. 5. Art Hints: Architecture, Sculpture, and
Painting, Lon., 1855, p. 8vo; N. York, 1855, 12mo.
mended in the highest terms by the London Athenæum
Com-
935
JAR
JAY
ว
for June 30, and by the North American Review for Oc- | 3. Discourse on Christian Unity, 1837. 4. Serms. on
tuber, 1855. Severely criticized by Putnam's Magazine Prophecy, 1843, 1 vol. 5. No Union with Rome, 1843,
for Sept. 1855. The London Art-Union and London pamph. 6. A Chronological Introduction to the list. of
Spectator are also to be added to the list of the eulogists the Church, being a new Inquiry into the True Dates of
of Mr. Jarves's Art Hints. 6. Italian Sights and Papal the Birth and Death of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ,
Principles seen through American Spectacles, 1856, 12mo. and containing an original Harmony of the Four Gospels,
7. Parisian Sights and French Principles seen through now first arranged in the order of time, Lon., 1844, Svo;
American Spectacles; Second Series, 1856, 12mo.
Bost., 1845, Svo.
"We have some recollection of the 'First Series' as not disagree-
able, nor without smartness: but if such was the character of that
work, it cannot be continued to this one. This book does not
belong to the Library of Cheap Literature: it would be dear at
the lowest price."-Lon. Athenæum, March 1, 1856.
8. Kiana: a Tradition of Hawaii, 1857, p. 8vo.
Jarvis, Abraham, D.D., 1739-1813, a native of Nor-
walk, Conn., grad. at Yale College, 1761; Bishop of the
Prot. Epis. Church in the State of New York, 1797. He
pub. a Serm. on the death of Bishop Seabury, (whom he
succeeded,) and one on the Witness of the Spirit.
Jarvis or Jervas, Charles, d. about 1740, a printer,
pub. a trans. of Don Quixote, 1742, 2 vols. 4to. Several
edits. Motteux's is a better trans. than Jarvis's. Re-
specting edits., &c. of Don Quixote, sce Ticknor's Hist.
of Spanish Lit., vols. ii. and iii.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's
Bibl. Man.; Sales's edit. of Don Quixote, in Spanish, Bost.,
1836, 2 vols. 12mo; a review of this edit. by Wm. H. Pres-
cott, the historian, in N. Amer. Rev., July, 1837, and in
Prescott's Miscellanies, 1855, 123–175; John Bowle's edit.
of Don Quixote, 1781, 6 vols. 4to; (see BowLE, JOHN:) Ed-
mund Gayton's Festivious Notes upon Don Quixote, 1654,
fol.; 1768, 12mo; (see GAYTON, EDMUND.) Information
concerning Jarvis will be found in Bowles's ed. of Pope;
Ruff'head's Life of Pope, p. 147, 4th ed.; Walpole's Anec-
dotes of Painting.
"I never read a thing with more pleasure than an additional
sheet to Jervas's preface to Don Quixote: before I got over two
paragraphs I cried out, Aut Erasmus, aut Diabolus.”—Pope.
...
►
The most beautiful edit. of Don Quixote in English is
that pub. by Tilt in London, 1838, 3 vols. 8vo, £2 108.;
again, 1843, 2 vols. r. 8vo; again, by Willoughby, 1852,
2 vols. r. Svo, £2 1×.; 2 vols. in 1, 8vo, 10s. 6d. This is
Jarvis's traus. revised and corrected, with 800 wood-en-
gravings, after the designs of Tony Johannot, and 16
addit. plates by Cosmo Armstrong. A revised trans. for
general reading, with illustrations by Warren, was pub. by
Burns in London, in 1848, fp. Svo, 68.
This is the proper
edit. for the ladies' parlour. Another revised trans., formed
on those of Motteux, Jarvis, and Smollett, with 18 cuts by
Armstrong, and 32 after Jobannot, was pub. in London in
1842, £1 88.; the same, with only the usual 18 cuts by
Armstrong, 18.
Jarvis, Charles, Prof. of Music, Philadelphia. Piano-
Forte Instructor, Phila., 1852, fol. This work reached the
7th ed. in about two years.
Jarvis, Edward, M.D., b. at Concord, Mass., a resi-
dent of Dorchester, Mass. 1. Practical Physiology, Phila.,
1848, 12mo. Sale to Sept. 1854, 14,000 copies. 2. Pri-
mary Physiology for Schools, 1849, 12mo. Sale to Feb.
1852, 10,000 copies.
"Well adapted, by its accuracy, comprehensiveness, and the
popular language in which it is expressed, to be a proper and valu-
able book for the purpose which it was designed to fill.”—Joux C.
WARREN, M.D., of Boston.
Commended by other high authorities. Dr. Jarvis has
pub. a number of pamphlets on various branches of medi-
cal science, and contributed to the leading American
medical journals.
Jarvis, Samuel Farmer, D.D., LL.D., 1787-1851,
a son of Bishop Jarvis, (ante,) and a native of Middletown,
Conn., was educated at Yale College, ordained deacon in
1810, and priest in 1811; Rector of St. Michael's Church,
Bloomingdale, New York, 1811; of St. James's, New York,
(beld in conjunction with the former,) 1813; Prof. of Bib-
lical Criticism in the (Episcopal) General Theological
Seminary, New York, 1819-20; first Rector of St. Paul's
Church, Boston, 1820-26; travelled in Europe, 1826-35;
Prof. of Oriental Literature in Washington (now Trinity)
College, Hartford, 1835-37; Rector of Christ Church,
Middletown, 1837-42; appointed Historiographer of the
Church by the General Convention (Prot. Epis. Church)
of 1833. From 1842 until his death Dr. Jarvis devoted
his time chiefly to the preparation of an ecclesiastical his-
tory, (commended to his care by the General Convention
of 1838,) portions of which were pub. in 1844 and 1850.
See Nos. 5, 8. 1. A Discourse on the Religion of the In-
dían Tribes of North America, N. York, 1820, 8vo. Fa-
vourably reviewed by John Pickering in the N. Amer.
Bev., July, 1820. 2. Discourse on Regeneration, 1821.
"Dr. Jarvis has exhibited accuracy and fidelity as an historian,
the ripest judgment and the clearest reasoning as a commentator
upon the intricate authorities on which he had to build his founda-
tion for inquiry, and has shown himself an accomplished scholar,
fully equal to the task committed to his charge. The work is a
foundation on which the Christian historian and theologian may
build; for the materials are solid, and the work admirably exe-
cuted.”—Lon. Polytechnic Review.
“A learned work on New Testament Chronology, by an American
divine (Dr. Jarvis, of Connecticut) of standing and reputation. It
is quite pleasant to find the daughter-church rearing chronologers
and scholars; and we commend Dr. J.'s undertaking to the candid
estimate and patronage of the learned."-Lon. Chris. Rememb.
"A thorough and comprehensive analysis of all the evidence ex-
tant, whether sacred or profane, upon the most difficult and im-
portant points in ecclesiastical chronology,-viz.: the precise years
of the birth and death of our Saviour. . . A work of extraordinary
research."-BISHOP DOANE, of New Jersey.
See also New Englander, v. 215; vi. 378. (both by J. L.
Kingsley;) N. York Church Rev., i. S2, (by S. F. Jarvis ;)
Bost. Chris. Exam., xxxviii. 412; Meth. Quar. Rev., v.
269. 7. The Colonies of Heaven; a Serm., 1846. S. A
Reply to Dr. Milner's End of Controversy, so far as the
Churches of the English Communion are concerned, N.
York, 1847, 12mo. See Brownson's Quar. Rev., 2d Ser.,
ii. 20. 9. The Church of the Redeemed; or, The Hist. of
the Mediatorial Kingdom, 2 vols., containing the First
Five Periods; from the Fall of Adam in Paradise to the
Rejection of the Jews and the Calling of the Gentiles, vol.
i., Bost., 1850, Svo, pp. 662. This is all that was published.
See N. York Church Rev., iv. 112. Shortly after this vol.
was issued from the press, the author was attacked by the
disease which terminated his earthly existence, March 26,
1851, in the 65th year of his age. In addition to the
literary labours already noticed, Dr. Jarvis contributed
several articles to the N. York Church Review, edited in
1844 an American edit. of Thomas Hartwell Horne's
Mariolatry, (see No. 37, under his name,) and made some
progress in the preparation of a work on Egypt.
Jaudon, Daniel, Thomas Watson, and Ste-
phen Addington. English Orthographical Expositor;
new ed., Phila., 1857.
Jay, Sir James, M.D., d. in New York, 1815, a bro-
ther of Chief Justice John Jay, pub. two Letters (one
Lon., 1771, Svo, the other 1774, Svoj rel. to the Collection
made for the Colleges of New York and Philadelphia, and
a work on the Gout, 1772, 8vo.
·
Jay, John, 1745-1829, a native, and from 1795 to
1801 Governor, of the State of New York, one of the
principal promoters of the cause of American Independence,
after filling many important public posts was in 1789 ap-
pointed by General Washington Chief-Justice of the United
States. He wrote Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 64 of The Federalist,
a number of State Papers, among which is the celebrated
Address to the People of Great Britain, in 1774, the Cor-
respondence between himself and Lewis Littlepage; 2d
ed., 1786, &c. See the Life of John Jay, with Selections
from his Corresp. and Miscell. Papers, by his son, Judge
William Jay, N. York, 1833, 2 vols. 8vo; Lives of Jay
and Hamilton, by Prof. James Renwick, LL.D., 18mo ;
Geo. Van Santvoord's Sketches of the Lives and Judicial
Services of the Chief-Justices of the Supreme Ct. of the
U. States, 1854; Henry Flanders's Lives and Times of
the Chief Justices of the United States, vol. i., 1855;
Corresp. of Daniel Webster, 1857, i. 370; Amer. Annual
Reg., 1827–29, 215–234; N. Amer. Rev., xvii. 142, (by F.
C. Gray ;) N. Amer. Rev., xxxvii. 315, (by 0. W. B. Pea-
body;) Amer. Whig Rev., ii. 59, (by W. II. Y. Hackett ;)
Amer. Month. Rev., iv. 35; N. York Rev., ix. 273, (by F.
L. Hawks;) HAMILTON, ALEXANDER, in this Dictionary.
"The general learning and ability, and especially the prudence.
the mildness, and the firmness of his character, eminently fitted
Mr. Jay to be the head of such a court, [Supreme Court of the United
States.] When the spotless ermine of the judicial robe fell on Jehn
Jay, it touched nothing less spotless than itself."-HON. DANIEL
WEBSTER: Speech at Public Dinner at New York, March 10, 1831;
Webster's Works, 1854, i. 201.
"Governor Jay, one of our purest and most illustrious states-
men."-WASHINGTON IRVING: Life of George Washington.
Jay, John, b. 1817, a son of Judge William Jay, and
grandson of the preceding, graduated at Columbia College,
New York, 1836, has pub. some pamphlets on the subject
of slavery, &c.
956
JAY
JEB
I
Jay, John C., of New York. A Catalogue of the
Shells in his Collection; 4th ed., with a Supp., N. York.
See Amer. Jour. of Science and Arts, Nov. 1851. The
value of Dr. Jay's collection of shells, and of his concho-
logical library, is well known to the student in this de-
partment. Dr. Jay's Catalogue enumerates about 11,000
well-marked varieties, and at least 7000 well-established
species.
Jay, Stephen, of Chinnor. Oxford. Serms, &c., 1682-89.
Jay, William, 1789-1858, a native of the city of New
York, First Judge of the county of Westchester, New York,
second son of Chief-Justice John Jay, graduated at Yale
College in 1807. 1. The Life of John Jay, with Selections
from his Corresp. and Miscell. Papers, N. York, 1833, 2
vols. 8vo. Reviewed by W. B. O. Peabody, in N. Amer.
Rev., xxxvii. 315-340.
"The author has, without transgressing in any respect the limits
prescribed by propriety in treating of the merits of a relative, done
ample justice to the memory of a man of eminent ability and vir-
tue."-Ubi supra. See JAY, JOHN, and authorities there cited.
2. Inquiry into the Character and Tendency of the
American Colonization and American Anti-Slavery So-
cieties, 1835, 12mo. 3. A View of the Action of the Fede-
ral Government in behalf of Slavery, 1839, 12mo. 4.
War and Peace: recommending treaty-stipulations bind-
ing the parties to refer to arbitration such future disputes
as cannot be settled by negotiation, 12mo. 5. A Review
of the Causes and Consequences of the Mexican War, Bost.,
1849, 12mo, pp. 333. 6. A volume of miscellaneous wri-
tings on Slavery, 1854, 12mo, pp. 670. Judge Jay, like
his late eminent father, was noted for his lively interest in
the welfare of his fellow-men.
His sermons, too,-not always the case with the cffu-
sions of popular preachers,-will bear the dispassionate
judgment of the closet without lessening the reputation
of their author.
"Mr. Jay's sermons, although a little too warmly coloured, have,
upon the whole, great merit as honest and impassioned expositions
of the several texts which are handled.”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
"Eloquent and pious."-Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
"Happily connects privilege and practice."-Bickersteth's C. S.
"His sermons, like his other publications, are universally ad-
mired, and permanently fixed the writer's reputation. One
great charm of this divine's works is the catholic spirit which per-
vades them. The dissenter seldom intrudes, the sectarian never
appears; and Christians of all denominations may read his produc-
tions without finding any violence done to their party predilec-
tious."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 657, 903.
"His works are very practical and devotional."-Bickersteth's
C. S.
•
Articles upon Jay's Works will be found in the Prince-
ton Review, v. 369, and in the N. York Method. Quar.
Rev., v. 335. See also European Mag., June, 1819; Lon.
Athenæum, 1854, 555, 1163, 1198; Lon. Gent. Mag.,
March, 1854.
"The texts are all discussed in a practical manner. The author
has evidently aimed throughout at usefulness."-DR. J. LEIFCHILD,
the editor.
Jebb, Major. Construction and Ventilation of Mo-
dern Prisons, Lon., 4to.
Jay, William, 1769-1854, an eminent Dissenting
divine, a native of Tisbury, Wiltshire, commenced preach-
ing when between 15 and 16 years of age, and before he
was 21 had delivered nearly 1000 sermons. On the 31st
of Jan. 1791, he became the minister of Argyle Chapel,
Bath, and remained in this situation until June, 1853, or for
sixty-two years. In Jan. 1841, on the completion of the 50th
year of his ministry, the jubilee was celebrated by reli-
gious services in the chapel, and by a feast in the Assembly
Rooms, where 820 persons sat down together to breakfast. Jebb. Life of Robert, Earl of Leicester, 1727, 8vo.
A salver and £650 were presented to the object of this Jebb, Lieut.-Col. J. N. 1. Defence and Attack
gratifying token of respect. To the volume pub. on this of Outposts; 3d ed., Lon., 1849, Svo. 2. Manual for the
occasion,-Jubilee Memorial, 1841, 12mo,-to Jay's Auto-Military, 1853, 12mo.
biography, edited by Rev. Geo. Redford and Rev. J.
Angell James, 1854, Svo, (3d ed., 1855, p. Svo,) to the
Memoir of Jay, by Rev. S. S. Wilson, 1854, fp. Svo, to
Wallace's Portraiture of Jay, with Notes of his Con-
versations, &c., and to Pen-Pictures of Popular English
Preachers, 1852, 12mo, we refer the reader for information
respecting this excellent divine. The best-known of Jay's
works are Morning and Evening Exercises, (vols. i.-iv.,
1842, of the collective ed. of his Works;) The Christian
Contemplated, (vol. vi., 1843, of his Works;) Short Dis-
courses, (vols. x. and xii., 1844, of his Works ;) and Morn-
ings with Jesus, 1854, fp. Svo. The collective ed. to which
we refer is in 12 vols. Svo, Bath, 1842-44, (N. York, 3 vols.
Svo,) and was corrected and revised by the author himself.
To these 12 vols. must be added Lectures on Female Scrip-
ture Characters, 1854, cr. Svo; Mornings with Jesus, 1854,
fp. Svo; Evenings with Jesus; and Final Discourses at Ar-
gyle Chapel, Bath, 1854, fp. Svo. As a preacher, as well as
As a preacher, as well as
an author, Mr. Jay has acquired great celebrity. John Foster
calls him the Prince of Preachers; Sheridan styled him
the most natural orator whom he had ever heard; Dr.
James Hamilton speaks of hearing him "with wonder and
delight;" and Beckford describes his mind as a clear,
transparent stream, flowing so freely as to impress us with
the idea of its being inexhaustible.'
Jebb, John, M.D., 1736-1786, a native of London,
educated at Trin. Coll., Dublin, and at Peter House, Camb.,
of which he became Fellow; Rector of Ovington, Norfolk,
1764; resigned his gown on account of having embraced
Socinianism, and became a student of physic, 1775. Whole
Works. Theological, Medical, Political, and Miscellaneous,
with Memoirs of Life of the Author, by John Disney, D.D.,
Lon., 1787, 3 vols. Svo. See his Memoirs as above; Dar-
Dr. Jebb was a man of pro-
ling's Cyc. Bib., vol. i. 1646.
found learning, and a zealous advocate of civil and reli-
gious liberty. Dr. Watt, in his Bibl. Brit., has confounded
this Dr. Jebb with Bishop Jebb. All the works ascribed
by him to the latter, with the exception of the last two
articles, should have been credited to John Jebb, M.D.
>>
"Mr. Jay's Works have held a high place in the estimation of
the religious world for more than the average duration of human
Life "-Lon. Athenæum.
Jeacocke, Abraham. Two Serms., 1702, both Svo.
Jeacocke, Caleb, d. 1786.
Caleb, d. 1786. A Vindic. of St. Paul
against Bolingbroke and others, Lon., 1765, 8vo. Jeacocke
was a literary baker, and a famous debater at the Robin
Hood Speaking-Society, where Edmund Burke, and others
of after oratorical distinction, resorted in early life.
Jeaffreson, J. Cordy. 1. Crew Rise; a Novel, Lon.,
1854, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 2. Isabel: The Young Wife and the
Old Love, 1857, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Commended by the Athen-
æum, (1857, 212.) Examiner, Observer, Messenger, and
John Bull. 3. Novels and Novelists from Elizabeth to
Victoria, 1858, 2 vols. See Lon. Athen., Pt. 2, 134, 235.
Jeaffreson, W. On Diseases of the Eye, Lon., 1844,
-
Svo.
Jeakes, Samuel. 1. Arithmetic, Lon., 1701, fol.
2. Charters of the Cinque Ports, 1728, fol. 3. Short-
Hand; Phil. Trans., 1748.
Artificial Embellishments,
Jeamson, Thomas.
Oxon., 1665, Svo.
Jeanes, Henry, 1611-1662, a native of Allensaye,
Somersetshire, educated at Hart Hall, Oxford, obtained
the rectories of Beercrocombe, Capland, and Chedzoy,
Somersetshire. He pub. several theolog. treatises, and to
him is ascribed The Image Unbroken, 1651, 4to, an an-
swer to Milton's Iconoclastes. Watt ascribes this answer
to Joseph Jane. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.; He-
ber's ed. of Jeremy Taylor's Works.
"Honest Jeanes."-Cotton Mather's Essays to do Good.
learned, Lon., 1848, p. 8vo.
Jeans, George. Practical Astronomy for the Un-
Jeans, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1791. Svo
Jeans, Thomas, M.D. The Gout, Lon., 1792, 8vo.
Jeary, O. A. 25 Serms, Lon., 1817, Svo.
Jebb, John, D.D., 1775–1833, a native of Drogheda,
Ireland, educated at Trin. Coll., Dublin, presented to the
living of Abington, 1810; Bishop of Limerick, &c., 1823.
1. Serm., 1803, Svo. 2. Serms. on Subjects chiefly Prac-
tical, 1815, Svo, 1816, Svo, 1824, Svo, 1832, Svo.
.
The language is rich, vigorous, and unaffected: the style simple
and commanding; and the notes will be read with much satisfac-
tion by the scholar and the divine."-British Critic.
"Perhaps he approaches more closely the standard of the amiable
and pious FENELON, whose deeply-spiritual sentiments we could
sometimes fancy him to have enunciated with the superior energy
of a MASSILLON or a BOURDALOUE."-Lom. Christian Observer.
3. Sacred Literature; comprising a Review of the Prin-
ciples of Composition laid down by Bp. Lowth in his
Prælectiones aud Isaiah, &c., 1820, '28, Svo, 1831, Svo.
"1
Archdeacon Jebb's Sacred Literature has the highest claims to
the attention of every biblical student, for its numerous beautiful
criticisms and elucidations of the New Testament."-T. H. HORNE:
see Introduc. to the Scrip.; BOYS, THOMAS, in this Dictionary.
"In this learned and elegant work the author controverts some
of Lowth's views of Hebrew poetry, and applies others of them to
the interpretation of many passages in the New Testament.
No book of criticism has lately appeared more worthy of attention
from the biblical scholar, or more calculated to recommend the
study of the Scriptures."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
“It will be freely acknowledged that he has thrown new light
upon some parts of the sacred volume: an achievement which the
student will duly appreciate."-Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
“A valuable addition to the critical sources of information.”.
Bickersteth's C. S.
4. Practical Theology, 1830, 2 vols. Svo; 1837, 2 vols. Svo.
957
JEB
JEF
1
'
"No work which has recently fallen into our hands more amply July ensuing.
fulfils the promise of its title than that before us."-Quar. Theolog,
Rev.
5. Pastoral Instructions rel. to the Church of England,
1831, '44, 12mo. 6. Thirty Years' Corresp. between
Bishop Jebb and Alex. Knox, Esq. Edited by the Rev.
Charles Forster, 1834, 2 vols. Svo; 1836, 2 vols. 8vo.
Bishop Jebb also edited Piety without Asceticism, 1820,
8vo; Practical Discourses, by Thos. Townson, D.D., with
a Memoir, 1828, Svo; the Remains of Wm. Phelan, D.D.,
with a Memoir, 1832, 2 vols. 8vo; and Bishop Burnet's
Lives, Characters, &c., with an Introduc. and Notes, 1833,
8vo.
See Life of Bishop Jebb, with a Selection from his
Letters, by the Rev. Charles Forster, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed.,
1837, 8vo; 3d ed., 1851, p. Svo.
"As a relative and a friend, Bishop Jebb here shines as brightly
as he does as a scholar; and, what is yet more valuable, they who
had not the privilege of seeing Bishop Jebb after his illness will
learn from Mr. Forster an accurate and most interesting account
how a Christian could suffer, and turn his sufferings into a blessing
to himself and others. The whole of the biography is written in a
spirit of good feeling and good taste, which do the highest honour
to Mr. Forster.”—British Magazine.
"The Life of this exemplary Prelate, this amiable, accomplished,
and pious man, not only teems with the most weighty lessons, of a
practical kind, for the imitation of every Churchman in England,
and still more especially in Ireland at the present time, but it ex-
hibits one of the most engaging and soundly-constituted characters
that have ever been delineated for the lasting benefit of mankind.".
Lon. Monthly Review.
Some interesting particulars respecting the Jebb family,
which has given many sons to learning and science, will
be found in Nichols's Lit. Anec., and in Lon. Gent. Mag.,
Feb. 1834. His lordship was never married.
Jebb, John, Rector of Peterstow, Herefordshire. 1.
Divine Economy of the Church, Lon., 1840, fp. Svo.
"A thoughtful, perspicuous, and beautiful comment."-Brit.
Critic.
2. Choral Service of the Church of Eng. and Ire., 1843,
8vo. 3. Choral Responses and Litanies of the Church,
1847, fol. 4. Three Lects. on the Cathedral Service of
the Church of Eng.; 2d ed., 1845, fp. Svo. 5. Literal
Trans. of the Book of Psalms, 1846, 2 vols. 8vo.
"An excellent specimen of the Jebb School of Sacred Litera-
ture."-Churchman's Monthly Rev.
6. Six Letts. on the Present State of the Church, 1851,
fp. Svo.
Jebb, Richard. A Union with Ireland, 1797, Svo.
Jebb, Richard. Bp. Hampden's Case, 1849, r. Svo.
See HAMPDEN, RENN DICKSON, D.D.
Jebb, Robert. 1. Reports of Crown Cases Reversed,
1822-40, Dubl., 1841, Svo; 1st Amer. ed., with References
by J. W. Wallace, Phila., 1842, Svo. Mr. Wallace's Notes
have greatly enhanced the value of this vol. See Prof.
Whiteside's Lec.; 1 Leg. Rep., 296; 27 Amer. Jur., 468;
Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 149, 421. 2. With Arthur R. Symes,
Queen's Bench and Excheq. Chan. in Ireland Reports,
1838-40; Dubl., 1840-42, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. With R. Bourke,
Queen's Bench in Ireland Reports, 1842, Svo, 1843.
/
Jebb, Samuel, M.D., d. 1772, the learned editor of
Bibliotheca Literaria, (10 Pts., pub. 1722-24,) a native of
Nottingham, educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge, also
edited Aristides, 1728, 2 vols. 4to, Roger Bacon's Opus
Majus, 1733, fol., and other works. See Nichols's Lit.
Anec.
Jee, Thomas. Serms., Lon., 1837, Svo.
Jeff, Robert, M.D. On Consumption, Lon., 1842, 8vo.
Jefferies. Case E. India Co., Lon., 1689, fol.
Jeffers, Wm. N., U.S. Navy. Theory and Practice
of Naval Gunnery, N. York, 1850, 8vo.
Jefferson, Jacob, D.D. Serm., 1763, 8vo.
Jefferson, John. Serms., 1789, &c.
July ensuing. How far Mr. Jefferson is entitled to the
credit of the entire originality of this famous document,
the reader will be able to form an opinion after consulting
the works of John Adams, of Thomas Jefferson, and the
See also an interesting article upon this topic in George
biographies of these distinguished statesmen and patriots.
Ticknor Curtis's History of the Constitution of the United
States, vol. i., 1854, pp. 81-88. It is neither our business
nor our pleasure to adjudicate on questions of state-paper
history or political partisanship in a volume of this cha-
to the authorship of the Declaration of Independence
racter, but we may be allowed to say that Jefferson's claim
possibly allow. From 1779 to '81 Mr. Jefferson was
seems as fully substantiated as the nature of the case will
Governor of his native State; in 1783 was again elected a
member of Congress; from 1784 to '89 resided at Paris,
succeeding Franklin in 1785 as minister from the United
States; in 1789 he was appointed by General Washington
Secretary of State, which office he held until 1793; was
Vice-President of the United States 1797-1801, and Presi-
dent of the Republic 1801-09.
dent of the Republic 1801-09. Mr. Jefferson had now
reached an age when the duties of public life were no
longer inviting, and he passed his remaining years at
Monticello, dividing his time between his plantation, his
library, and the entertainment of the many visitors at-
tracted to his mansion by his widely-extended reputation
at home and abroad. He died on the same day as that
which closed the earthly existence of John Adams,-the
4th of July, 1826.
"An enlightened and judicious exposition of this summary of the
moral law."-Lom. Congreg. Mag.
Mr. Jefferson has pub. several other theolog. treatises.
Jefferson, Joseph. Serm., &c., Lon., 1803, '13.
Jefferson, Joseph. Poems and Serins., 1773-1811.
Jefferson, T. B. Two Serms., 1808, Svo.
Jefferson, Thomas, April 2, 1743-July 4, 1826, a
pative of Shadwell, Albemarle county, Virginia, entered
William and Mary College in 1760, and subsequently
studied law under George Wythe. In 1769 he was clected
a member of the Colonial Assembly, and in 1775 succeeded
Peyton Randolph in the National Congress at Phila-
delphia, and on the 28th of June, in the next year, as
chairman of the committee appointed for that purpose,
reported the celebrated Declaration of Independence,-
which, with some alterations, was adopted on the 4th of
*
As an author, Mr. Jefferson is best known by his Notes
on the State of Virginia, (originally drawn up for M. De
Marbois,) of which 200 copies were privately printed at
Paris in 1784, (but dated 1782,) Svo. A French transla-
tion, by the Abbé Morellet, with some alterations by the
author, appeared at Paris in 1786, Svo, and an edit. of
in 1787, Svo.
the original in English was pub. by Stockdale in London
But on this subject we can give nothing more satisfac-
tory to the reader than the following table, (drawn up by
a well-known American historian and bibliographer,).
which we find in The Historical Magazine, Boston, Feb.
1857, vol. i., No. 2, p. 52.
"JEFFERSON'S NOTES ON VIRGINIA.-The following is a list of the
several editions of this work, as far as ascertained. Those with a
* prefixed have been collated. They are all 8vo except when other-
wise marked:
* Editio princeps, Paris, 1782; pp. 391; plate of Mammoth
Cave.
"French edition, Paris, 1786; pp. viii.. 290, iv., map.
"1st English do., Stockdale, London. 1787; pp. ii.. 382; map.
"1st American do., Pritchard and Hall, Philadelphia, 1788; pp.
ii., 244.
ii.,
2d American do.. Philadelphia. 1788; pp. ii., 336.
"Another do., Philadelphia. 1792; ii., 336.
"Another do., Carey, Philadelphia, 1794; ii., 336; map.
"* Appendix to Notes, Smith, Philadelphia, 1800; pp. 51; wood-
cut.
"Notes; American edition, Baltimore, 1800.
« 3d American edition, M. L. Davis, New York, 1801; pp. 392;
portrait; map; two wood-cuts.
1st hot-pressed do., Rawle, Philadelphia, 1801; pp. ii., 436, 56 ;
portrait; map: two plans, and view of Natural Bridge.
Sth American do., Carlisle, Boston, 1801; pp. 364; portrait;
map; two wood-cuts.
9th American do., Sprague, Boston. 1802; 12mo. pp. 368; map.
"Another do., Trenton, NJ.. 1803; 12mo, extra fine paper.
"Another do., New York, 1804; best ed.: pp. 392.
Jefferson, John. A Poem, 1813, 4to.
Jefferson, John, of Stoke-Newington. Expos. Lects. Jefferson's second term as President?
on the X. Commandments, 1835, 18mo.
"Another do., Hogan and Thompson, Philadelphia, 1825; 12mo.
"Another do.. Boston. 1832.
"Last edition, Randolph, Richmond. 1853; 3 ff. pp. 275; map;
four lithographs; one folding sheet of letter-press.
"It will be noticed that very little order seems to have obtained
in numbering the editions. That called the 3d American appears
to have been the 6th in succession; the 1st hot-pressed, the 7th;
and so forth. Perhaps some of your readers may be able to con-
tribute to the above list. Were there not any editions during Mr.
E. B. O'C."
The last ed., above noticed, was printed from Mr. Jeffer-
son's own copy, with his MS. annotations, intended ap-
parently for a new issue. We may state that Mr. Randolph
has now, (Jan. 1857,) or had a few weeks since. on sale,
this copy of Mr. Jefferson's, which is priced at $100. Nor
must we omit to notice Mr. Randolph's enterprise in re-
publishing the History of the University of Virginia, as
detailed in the Correspondence of Mr. Jefferson and Joseph
C. Cabell, Richmond, 1856, Svo. Of these letters of Jeffer-
son's, all, with the exception of eight, are now given to
the world for the first time. Ample information respecting
the character of the Notes on Virginia will be found in
the authorities referred to in the course of this article.
As Stevenson's Catalogue of Voyages and Travels, how-
ever, is now rarely to be met with, it may be worth while
to quote his opinion of the work:
958
JEF
JEF
"Notes on Virginia, by Thos. Jefferson, 1788, 8vo. Politics, com-
nierce, manufactures, and navigation, are here treated of in a satis-
fuctory and instructive manner, but with rather too much the air
of philosophy."-P. 623.
In 1829 was pub., by Jefferson's grandson, Memoirs,
Correspondence, and Private Papers of Thomas Jefferson,
edited by Thomas Jefferson Randolph, 4 vols. 8vo, Char-
lottesville, Va.; reprinted in London and in Boston in the
same year, and in New York in 1830; all in 4 vols. 8vo.
But recently there has appeared a more important publi-
cation,-viz.: The Writings of Thomas Jefferson; being
his Autobiography, Correspondence, Reports, Messages,
Addresses, and other Writings, official and private; from
the original manuscripts deposited in the Department of
State. With Explanatory Notes, tables of contents, and a
copious Index to each volume, as well as an Index to the
whole, N. York, 1854, 9 vols. 8vo. By the Editor, II. A.
Washington. This edit. is from the MSS. bequeathed to
Thomas Jefferson Randolph, the author's grandson, and
purchased by Congress in 1848. The reader is also re-
ferred-in addition to the histories of the Revolutionary
period-to the following biographies of Jefferson: by
Professor George Tucker, Phila. and Lon., 1837, 2 vols.
8vo; by Wm. Linn, Ithaca, N. Y., 1834, 12mo; by B. L.
Rayner, Bost., 1834, 12mo; by H. A. Garland; by Theo-
dore Dwight, 1839, 12mo. See also Observations on the
Writings of Thomas Jefferson, by H. Lee, of Virginia, N.
York, 1832, 8vo, 1839, 8vo, 1845, 8vo, with addit. notes
by C. C. Lee, of Powhatan, in answer to George Tucker's
Remarks in his Life of Jefferson; The Youth of Jefferson,
a Chronicle of College Scrapes at Williamsburg, in Vir-
ginia, 1855, 12mo. It is worthy of observation that Jeffer-
son's Manual of Parliamentary Practice (trans. into French
by L. A. Pichon, Paris, 1814, Svo) is still in use, and de-
ferred to as an authority at Washington and elsewhere,
and an edit. has been pub. within the last three or four
years. It is incorporated in Sutherland's excellent Con-
gressional Manual, of which the 2d edit. appeared in 1846,
Phila., 18mo. It may be expected that we should not
conclude a notice, however hasty and imperfect, of the
writings of Thomas Jefferson, without cautioning the
reader against the pernicious influence of those portions
of his lucubrations which assail the divine authority of
the Scriptures. But, indeed, it is hardly conceivable that
any intelligent and candid mind could be perverted by
the crudities and self-contradictory sophisms which dis-
tinguish the theological speculations of the "Sage of
Monticello." The effect produced on our own mind-
when as yet very young and inexperienced in the incon-
sistencies of mental physiology-by the perusal of a por-
tion of Jefferson's famous letters to William Short was
that of astonishment that a mind apparently so inert and
obtuse in metaphysics could evince vigour and acuteness
in political philosophy. That remarkable exhibition of
theologia dogmatica, Jefferson's Plutarchian contrast be-
theologia dogmatica, Jefferson's Plutarcbian contrast be-
tween his own creed and that of the Founder of Christi-
anity, would amuse us by its egotism, did it not shock us
by its irreverence. But, with whatever mortification a spec-
tacle so humiliating may be regarded by the infidel, Chris-
tianity has nothing to fear even from much more formidable
opposition.
"The merit of this paper is Mr. Jefferson's. Some changes were
made in it at the suggestion of other members of the committee,
and others by Congress while it was under discussion. But none
of them altered the tone, the frame, the arrangement, or the gene-
ral character, of the instrument. As a composition, the Declaration
As a composition, the Declaration
is Mr. Jefferson's. It is the production of his mind, and the high
honour of it belongs to him clearly and absolutely. To say that
he performed his great work well would be doing him injustice.
To say that he did excellently well, admirably well, would be in-
adequate and halting praise. Let us rather say that he so dis-
charged the duty assigned him, that all Americans may well
rejoice that the work of drawing the title-deed of their liberties
devolved upon him.”—A Discourse in Commemoration of the Lives
and Services of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson; delivered in
Faneuil Hall, Boston, Aug. 2, 1826: Webster's Works, 1854, i. 126,
127.
To the same effect another distinguished orator, and on
a like occasion, remarks:
"On the seventh of June, the resolution of independence was
moved by Richard Henry Lee. On the eleventh, a committee of
five was chosen to announce this resolution to the world; and
Thomas Jefferson aud John Adams stood at the head of this com-
mittee. From their designation by ballot to this most honorable
duty, their prominent standing in the Congress might alone be in-
ferred. In their amicable contention and deference each to the
other of the great trust of composing the all-important document,
we witness their patriotic disinterestedness and their mutual re-
spect. This trust devolved on Jefferson, and with it rests on him
the imperishable renown of having penned the Declaration of Inde-
pendence. To have been the instrument of expressing. in one
brief, decisive act, the concentrated will and resolution of a whole
family of States; of unfolding, in one all-important manifesto, the
causes, the motives, and the justification of this great movement in
human affairs; to have been permitted to give t'e impress and
peculiarity of his own mind to a charter of public right, destined—
or, rather, let me say, already elevated-to an importance, in the
estimation of men, equal to any thing human, ever borne on parch-
ment, or expressed in the visible signs of thought, this is the
glory of Thomas Jefferson.”—Edward Everett: Eulogy on Adams
and Jefferson. 1st of Aug. 1826. Everett's Orations and Speeches,
1853, i. 131-149.
From an historical sketch of the public life of Jefferson,
by an eminent orator, still (1857) in the vigorous exercise
of his remarkable faculties at the ripe age of almost four-
score, we extract a few lines which will be accepted in
whole, or with more or less reservation, as the political
judgment of our readers may incline.
"After Washington and Franklin, there is no person who fills so
Whether we regard his important services in the Revolutionary
eminent a place among the great men of America as Jefferson.
contest, or his subsequent assertion of the principles upon which
the separation was undertaken.-both while he filled a subordinate
station in Washington's presidency, thwarted by his colleagues.
as well as at variance with his chief, and while he administered him.
self the government of that free and prosperous country.-no
reasonable doubt can be entertained, that to his enlightened views
and to the firmness of his character it is indebted for much of
that freedom and prosperity.”—LORD BROUGHAM: Review of George
Tucker's Life of Jefferson. Elin. Rev., 1837; and in Brougham's
collected Cntrib. to the Edin. Rev., Lon. and Glasg., 1856, iii. 43–
482. See Tucker, George.
Rev., li. 496; Westm. Rev., xiii. 312; Eclec. Rev., 4th
In addition to the authorities cited above, see Edin.
Ser., v. 249; Lon. Month. Rev., exxi. 277; Blackw. Mag..
N. Amer. Rev., xxxix. 238, xl. 170, (both by A. H. Everett,)
xv. 509, xvi. 622, xvii. 67. xxx. 773, xxxiv. 296, 299;
1. 511, (by A. Ritchie;) Amer. Whig Rev., xii. 33; Amer.
Quar. Rev., i. 54, vii. 123; Democrat. Rev., xxvii. 193;
N. York Rev., i. 5; Niles's Reg., xiv. 173, xxiv. 193, xxx.
South. Rev., v. 100; South. Lit. Mess., iii. 31, 304, iv.
35, 280, 329, 345, 368, 390, xxxi. 197, xliii., Supp., 37;
207, vi. 642, (by A. P. Upshur,) xv. 574; Knick., vi. 392,
537; Phila. Mus., xxxii. 289.
A new life of Mr. Jefferson, by Henry S. Randall, LL.D.,
was pub. in 1858, 3 vols. Svo. Dr. R. received from the
of which had seen the light. See RANDALL, HENRY, LL.D.
representatives of Mr. Jefferson many family MSS., none
Jeffery, Jeffrey, or Geoffrey, of Monmouth.
See GEOFFREY OF MONMOUTH.
A graphic sketch of Mr. Jefferson's appearance, man-
ners, and conversation, will be found in a letter of Judge
Joseph Story to Mr. Fay, dated Washington, May 30,
1847, (see Story's Life and Corresp., i. 151-152:) and an
account of equal interest will be published in a few days
in the Private Correspondence of Daniel Webster, vol. i.
364-373. Mr. Webster was so thoughtful as to preserve
an extended memoranda of Mr. Jefferson's remarks; and
they will well repay perusal. Perhaps we cannot make a
better use of a portion of the small space to which we are
This is drawn up in a clear and judicious manner, and was
confined in this article than by devoting it to Mr. Web-deservedly well esteemed."-Deistical Writers, ed. 1837, 79.
ster's summing up of the evidence in favour of Jefferson's
claim to the authorship of the Declaration of Independ-
ence:
tered of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, 1664; minister of
Jeffery, John, 1647-1720, a native of Ipswich, en-
St. Peter's of Mancroft, Norwich, 1678; Archdeacon of
Norwich, 1694. A complete collection of his Serms. and
the collection: Birch's Life of Tillotson. Jeffery was a
Tracts, Lon., 1753, 2 vols. Svo. See Memoirs prefixed to
friend of Sir T. Browne.
Jeffery, John. Serm., Lon., 1809, Svo.
Jeffery, Thomas, a Dissenting divine, settled at
three tracts, treatises against Anthony Collins, the in-
Little Baddow, Essex, 1726, pub. a Serm., 1726, Svo, and
fidel, 1725, '26. '28, all Svo.
fidel, 1725, 26, 28, all Svo. Of the one entitled a Re-
view, &c., 1726, Dr. Leland remarks:
•
Dr. Kennicott also commends Jeffery's answer to Collins.
Jefferys, Nathaniel, M.P. for the city of Coventry,
pub. tracts rel. to the Prince of Wales, Mrs. Fitzherbert,
&c., Lon., 1806, Svo, and an Account of Dublin, 1810.
Jefferys, Thomas, Geographer to George III., pub.
a number of atlases, historical, geographical, and other
works, for a list of which see Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Rich's
Bibl. Amer. Nova, vol. i.
Jeffray, James, M.D. Carious Joints, Glasg., 1806.
Jeffrey, Alexander. 1. Guide to the Antiquities
and Scenery of the Border, Lon., 1839, 18mo.
2. History
and Antiquities of Roxburghshire, &c. : vols. i. and ii., 1858.
See Lon. Athen., 681.
Jeffrey, Francis, Lord, 1773-1850, a native of
Edinburgh, the eldest son of George Jeffrey, Under-Clerk
in the Court of Sessions, was sent to the University ef
959
JEF
JEF
1
Glasgow in 1787, and removed in 1791 to Queen's College,
Oxford, where he remained but one session. In 1794 he
was admitted an advocate at the Scotch Bar, where his
services were so seldom called into requisition that he
declared, so late as 1803, he had never yet made £100 in
any one year by his profession. At the Speculative
ciety, in Edinburgh, he became acquainted with a number
of young men of decided abilities, and, like himself,
himself,
anxious aspirants after fame and fortune; and with two
of these Sydney Smith and Henry Brougham-he formed
a literary intimacy which resulted in the establishment of
the Edinburgh Review, originated by Smith, but confided
"Previous to 1802, the literary periodicals of Great Britain were
to the editorial care of Jeffrey after the publication of the repositories of miscellanies relating to art, poetry, letters, and
first three numbers. This responsible post was held by gossip, partly original and partly selected,―huddled together with-
Jeffrey from July, 1803, to June, 1829, when he withdrew out system, and making up a medley as varied and respectable as
from the chair of the critic to occupy the post of Dean of
a first-class weekly newspaper of the present day. The criticisms
of books were jejune in the extreme, consisting chiefly of a few
the Faculty of Advocates, an office of distinction at the smart witticisms and meagre connecting remarks, stringing to-
Scottish Bar. In 1830, Mr. Jeffrey was appointed Lord-gether ample quotations from the work under review. They rarely
Advocate;
in February, 1831, he took his seat in Parlia- ventured into deep water on philosophical subjects, and as seldom
ment, where he continued for more than three years, and pushed out upon the tempestuous sea of political discussion. Per-
in 1834 succeeded Lord Craigie in the Court of Session,-haps one or two journals might plead a feeble exception to the
general rule, but the mass were weary, stale, flat, and unprofit-
which position gave him the honorary title of Lord Jeffrey. able.' The Edinburgh Review appeared. It bounded into the
He so demeaned himself in his high office as to secure the arena without the countenance of birth or station, without the
favour of all classes with whom he was brought into con-
imprimatur of the universities or literary clubs. Its avowed mis-
sion was to erect a higher standard of merit and secure a bolder
tact, and many a poor author who had writhed under the
and a purer taste in literature, and to apply philosophical princi-
galling pen of the critic considered himself compensated
by the courteous accents and bland manners of the
judge.
¿
ples and the maxims of truth and humanity to politics, aining to
"His great courtesy to the bar, and his singular patience, might
be taken as models of judicial demeanour. But who shall tell the
almost magic charm that he imparted to the dull routine of a Court
of Justice? That he touched nothing which he did not adorn was
the least of his praise. How many sat daily there, listening to the
wonderful words of that now remarkable sage, replete with wisdom,
eloquence, and legal lore,-catching those bright jewels which he
scattered as profusely over the musty pages of a trumpery Record
as if he were engaged on some immortal work! Let our young
barristers who crowded that court-room tell how the dull shafts of
legal argument came back from his quiver tipped with silver,—how
strangely and wonderfully the bright flashes of his mind lighted
up the darkest and dingiest recesses of the most technical walks of
jurisprudence,-how known truths were decked, and dim, misty
paths of logic were illumined, by his genius,-and how he seemed to
have summoned the aid of all the Muses to assist at the solemnities
of Themis. We may see great lawyers and great judges in our
day, but we shall never look upon his like again."-North British
Review, xiii. 283.
be the manual of the scholar, the monitor of the statesman. As in
its advent it had asked permission of no one to be, so, as to its future
course, it asked no advice as to what it should do. Soliciting no
quarter, promising no favours, its independent bearing and defiant
tone broke the spell which held the mind of a nation in fetters.
Its first number revived the discussion of great political principles.
The splendid diction and searching philosophy of an essay on the
causes and consequences of the French Revolution [written by
Jeffrey] at once arrested the public eye, and stamped the character
of the journal. Pedants in the pulpit, and scribblers of Rosa-Mu-
tilda verses in printed albums, saw, from other articles in the mani
festo, that exterminating war was declared on their inanities and
sentimentalities. The new journal was perused with avidity, and
produced a sensation in all classes of readers, exciting admiration
and envy, love and hatred, defiance and fear. It rapidly attained
a large circulation, steadily rose to the highest position ever at-
tained by any similar publication, reigned supreme in an empire
of its own creation for a third of a century, accomplishing vast
good mingled with no inconsiderable evil.”—Stanton's Reforms and
Reformers of Great Britain and Ireland.
6.
We should not omit to state that in 1820 Jeffrey was
elected Lord-Rector of the University of Glasgow, a grate-
ful tribute from his Alma Mater.
The commencement of the Edinburgh Review was the dis
covery of a new world in criticism, to which all authors were liable
laws made on the spot, and executed by those who made them.
to be transported as criminals, and there dealt with according to
The speculation answered well, the adventurers grew rich and
renowned, and their ambition increased with their wealth and cele
brity."-JAMES MONTGOMERY: Lects. on General Lit., Poetry, dc.
But let us hear something on the other side:
remembrance. The Cathoiles were not emancipated--the Corpora
tion and Test Act were unrepealed-the Game-Laws were horribly
oppressive. Steel-Traps and Spring-Guns were set all over tho
country-Prisoners tried for their lives could have no Counsel-
Lord Eldon and the Court of Chancery pressed heavily upon mau.
kind-Libel was punished by the most cruel and vindictive im
So-prisonments-the principles of Political Economy were little under
stood the Law of Debt and of Conspiracy were upon the worst
possible footing-the enormous wickedness of the Slave-Trade was
tolerated-a thousand evils were in existence, which the talents
of good and ablo men have since lessened or removed; and these
effects have been not a little assisted by the honest boldness of the
Edinburgh Review."-REV. SYDNEY SMITH, June, 1839: Preface to
his Works.
S
Of the personal appearance of Lord Jeffrey we have the
following portrait:
"In person the subject of our memoir was of low stature; but
his figure, which he tried to set off to the best advantage, was ele-
gant and well proportioned. Ilis features were continually varying
in expression, and were said to have baffled our best artists. The
face was rather elongated, the chin deficient, the mouth well formed,
with a mingled expression of determination, sentiment, and mock-
ery. The eye was the most peculiar feature of the countenance:
it was large and sparkling, but with a want of transparency."
Sketches of the Scottish Bur.
It was in 1815 that Jeffrey "set up his rustic house-
hold-gods" at Craigerook, near Edinburgh, where he con-
tinued to pass his summers until the year of his death.
There he entertained his numerous guests in a manner of
which Lord Cockburn has given us a graphic picture :
"No unofficial house in Scotland," says his Lordship, "has had a
greater influence on literary or political opinion. Beautiful though
the spot, as he has kept it, is, its deepest interest arises from its
being the residence of such a man. Nothing can efface the days
they have passed there from the recollection of his friends. Their
rural festivities are dignified by his virtues and talents, by all our
Edinburgh eminence, and by almost every interesting stranger.
The Craigerook Saturdays during the summer session!"-Lord
Cockburn's Memorials of his Time, 1856.
Lord Jeffrey was married twice,—first, in 1804, to Cathe-
rine, daughter of the Rev. Dr. Wilson, of St. Andrew's; |
and secondly, in 1813, to Charlotte, daughter of Charles
Wilkes, of New York, and grand-niece of the celebrated
John Wilkes, of London.
The history of the Edinburgh Review is one of the most
interesting pages in the annals of English Literature; and
ample details respecting this periodical, and its influence
upon letters, will be found in the authorities quoted from
or'referred to in this article, and in other works familiar
to many of our readers. It was successful from the com-
mencement; and in the space of six years the circulation
had increased from 750 to about 9000. In 1813 the num-
ber of each copy printed was 12,000 to 13,000. The radi-
cal changes both in opinion and statutes introduced by its
influence, at an early or later day, were remarkable in-
deed:
"To appreciate the value of the Edinburgh Review, the state of
England at the period when that journal began should be had in
"All were the better of a journal to which every one with an
object of due importance had access, which it was in vain either to
bully or to despise, and of the fame of which even its reasonable
haters were inwardly proud.... Certainly it was not for want of
warning that what were said to be its errors were persevered in,
Its enemies, for several years, found great comfort in its abuse,
which they vented in streams of pamphlets that make curious
reading now. Instead of practising the moderation and candour
the absence of which from the review is their great complaint. they
almost uniformly exceed, by a hundredfold, most of the offences
which they ascribe to it. But they are generally kind enough to
admonish the wicked editor of the disgrace into which he is falling
in the sight of all good men, and of the speedy extinction of his abo-
minable work."-LORD COCKBURN: Life of Lord Jeffrey, vol. i., 1852.
'It was not the principles of the Edinburgh Review, but tho
spirit, that was looked at with jealousy and alarm. The principles
were by no means decidedly hostile to existing institutions, but
the spirit was that of fair and free discussion: a field was open to
argument and wit; every question was tried upon its own ostensible
merits, and there was no foul play. The tone was that of a studied
impartiality, (which may be called trimming.) or of a sceptical in-
difference. This tone of impartiality and indifference, however, did
not at all suit those who profited or existed by abuses, who breathed
the very air of corruption. They knew well enough that those
who are not for them are against them.””—Hazlitt's Spirit of the
Age: Mr. Jeffrey,
66
"I hope you read the Edinburgh Review: it is far the best of our
periodical publications. It is charged with severity; but the accu-
sation is most loudly made by bad writers and their stupid admirers.
For my part I am not displeased to see the laws of the republic of
letters enforced with some rigour against delinquents who have too
long enjoyed a scandalous impunity."-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH:
Letter to M. Gentz, Feb. 5, 1804; in Mackintosh's Life, by his Son.
In connexion with Lord Cockburn's remarks, doubtless
many amusing instances of indignant reviewed authorship
will recur to the memory of our readers. Lord Byron's
case we have already considered at large, and we now
notice, in passing, the philosophical wrath of Wordsworth,
who classed Robespierre, Buonaparte, and Jeffrey together
as the three most formidable enemies of the human race
who had appeared in his remembrance, and the school-
boy petulance of Southey, who says that Jeffrey's review
of Madoc (Edin. Rev., Oct. 1805) "is very unfair and
very uncivil."-Letter to Mrs. Southey, Oct. 16, 1805.
960
JEF
JEF
i
“To Jeffrey as an individual I shall ever be ready to show every
kind of individual courtesy; but of Judge Jeffrey, of the Edinburgh
Review, I must ever think and speak as a bad politician, a worse
moralist, and a critic. in matters of taste, equally incompetent and
unjust."-Leller to Wuller Scott, Dec. 8, 1807; Southey's Life and
Corresp.
Is there any thing in the world more ridiculous than
the wailings of an author over the wounds which the
arrows of criticism have inflicted upon his literary off-
spring? From the days of the "enemy" of the patient
Job, was there ever yet a man who "wrote a book," and
saw that book in the hands of the executioner, who was
not laughed at by the "sympathizing public" for his
lamentations or his revilings? We shall do well to re-
member these amiable comments of ours when our own
leviathan of a volume is passing "under the saws and
harrows" of the Philistines.
Southey, indeed, had, long before the date of either of
the remarks just quoted, expressed an unfavourable opinion
of the Edinburgh periodical:
|
"Their philosophy appears in their belief in Hindoo chronology;
and when they abuse Parr's style, it is rather a knock at the dead
iion, old Johnson. A first number has great advantages; the re-
viewers say their say upon all subjects, and lay down the law:
that contains the Institutes: by-and-by they can only comment."-
Letter to C. W. W. Wynn, Dec. 22, 1802.
"The Edinburgh Review will not keep its ground. It consists
of pamphlets instead of critical accounts."-Letter to S. T.
ridge, March 14, 1803: Southey's Life and Corresp.
But the "Edinburgh Review" has "kept its ground:"
and many of its brilliant papers are, and always will be,
read twenty times where Madoc, or any other work of
Southey's, is or will be read once.
Lord Jeffrey's contributions to the Edinburgh Review
extend over a period of almost half a century,—the first,
(the first article in the first No., to which he contributed
five papers,) Mounier sur la Révolution de France,-
bearing date October, 1802, and the last-Watt or Caven-
dish?—given to the world January, 1848. The 98th No.,
pub. June, 1829, was the last he edited; and the review
of the Memoirs of Lady Fanshawe, which appeared in
October, 1829, was the last article he furnished as a regu-
lar contributor. His only papers after this date were
Naval Tactics, April, 1830; Memoirs of Sir J. Mackintosh,
October, 1835; Wilberforce's Correspondence, October,
1840; Watt or Cavendish? January, 1848. A list of his
articles-200 in all-will be found in the Appendix to
Lord Cockburn's Life of the Author. His biographer, and
other friends, had often urged him, but in vain, to de-
signate his articles; but at last, in December, 1840, Lord
Cockburn found him in a yielding mood, and number
after number of the Review was brought under examina-
tion, until the whole had been subjected to a rigid scru-
tiny. The results we have already stated. In 1843. he
consented, at the request of the publishers of the Review,
to make a selection from his contributions for the purpose
of republication, and in this year appeared Contributions
to the Edinburgh Review, by Francis Jeffrey, 4 vols. Svo,
£2 88.; 2d edit., 1846, 3 vols. 8vo, £2 2s.; 3d ed., 1853, 1
vol. 8vo, pp. 1005, £1 18., with a general Index.
We have already intimated that the formidable critio
was a most agreeable companion,-that the lion of the Re-
Cole-view was the lamb of the dinner-table and evening circle.
Sometimes, however, even Jeffrey's politeness was not
proof against boredom. There was "a time with him
when patience ceased to be a virtue." Of one of these in-
stances of human frailty we have an amusing account by
Lady Holland:
The contents of these edits. are the same. Of the 199
articles which had been contributed to the Review, (the
200th was pub. in Jan. 1818,) we bave in this collection
only 79, which are thus classified :-I. General Literature
and Literary Biography, 10 articles; II. History and His-
torical Memoirs, 10 articles; III. Poetry, 22 articles;
IV. Philosophy of the Mind, Metaphysics, and Jurispru-
dence, 6 articles; V. Novels, Tales, and Prose Works of
Fiction, 8 articles; VI. General Politics, 6 articles; VII.
Miscellanies, 17 articles. At the close of the collection are
added Notice of the Honourable Henry Erskine, from The
Edinburgh Courant, Oct. 16, 1817; Notice and Character
of Professor Playfair, from an Edinburgh paper of Aug.
1819; Notice and Character of James Watt, from the
Scotsman, Sept. 4, 1819. It is proper to state that the
article entitled BEAUTY, contributed by Jeffrey to the
Supplement to the Encyclopædia Britannica in 1824, (but
prepared, Lord Cockburn says, in 1816,) is an enlarge-
ment of his review of Alison's Nature and Principles of
Taste, pub. in the Edinburgh Review, May, 1811. In
Jeffrey's collected Contributions to the Edinburgh Review,
the article Beauty appears in its complete form as pub.
in the Encyclopædia Britannica. We quote two rather
antagonistic opinions upon this essay:
"Of all the treatises that have been published on the theory of
taste, it is the most complete in its philosophy and the most de
lightful in its writing; and it is as sound as the subject admits of."
LORD COCKBURN: Life of Lord Jeffrey, vol. i.
"Few works of the kind are more questionable in the principle,
or more loose in the arrangement and argument."-Lyall's Ago
nistės;~, Philosophical Strictures, dv., Lon., 1856, 18–4.
61
M
There are still 121 of Jeffrey's contributions to the Edin-
burgh Review uncollected. This should be so no longer.
Those subjects of his criticism who would have been
aggrieved by the republication of the strictures of the re-
viewer have almost all passed away, and, if their reputa-
tion is so frail as to be affected by a little good-humoured
ridicule, it is not worth preservation.
Our curious friends will be gratified to know that the
authors of many of the articles in the Edinburgh Review
will be found in the London Gentleman's Magazine for
1845, Pt. 1, 497-500, (articles in vols. i.-xv. ;) ibid., Pt. 2,
585–589, (articles in vols. xvi.-xxxvii.)
A list of the authors of many of the contributions to the
Quarterly Review will be found in the Gent. Mag. for
1844, Pt. 1, 137-141, (articles in vols. i.-xix. :) ibid., Pt. 1,
577-580, (articles in vols. xxi.-xxxix. :) 1845, Pt. 1, 599-
602, (articles in vols. xli.-lix.; 1847, Pt. 2, 34-37, (arti-
cles in vols. Ixi.-lxxviii.)
An interesting history of the Review and its contri-
butors will be found in Lord Cockburn's Life of Lord Jef-
frey. See also a paper on the originators of the Quar-
terly, in Gent. Mag., 1844, Pt. 1, p. 246; and see our life
of WILLIAM GIFFORD, in this Dictionary.
-:
"The reigning bore at this time in Edinburgh was his
favourite subject, the North Pole. It mattered not how far south
you began, you found yourself transported to the North Pole be-
fore you could take breath. No one escaped him. My father de-
clared he should invent a slip button. Jeffrey fled from him as
from the plague, when possible; but one day his arch-tormentor met
him in a narrow lane, and began instantly on the North Pole.
Jeffrey, in despair, and out of all patience, darted past him, ex-
claiming. Hang the North Pole! My father met him shortly
after, boiling with indignation at Jeffrey's contempt of the North
Pole. Oh, my dear fellow,' said my father, never mind; no one
minds what Jeffrey says, you know; he is a privileged person; he
respects nothing.-absolutely nothing. Why, you will scarcely be-
lieve it, but it is not more than a week ago that I heard him speak
disrespectfully of the equator.””—Memoir of the Rev. Sydney Smith.
For further notices of Jeffrey, and Jeffrey's "swashing
blows," see, in addition to the authorities already referred
to, Lockhart's Life of Sir Walter Scott; Introduc. to the
Lay of the Last Minstrel; Sir Archibald Alison's Hist. of
Europe, 1815-52, chap. v., and his Essays, 1850, vol. v.;
Hazlitt's Spirit of the Age; Gilfillau's Literary Portraits,
Galleries 1st and 3d; Allan Cunningham's Biog. and
Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years; The Perio-
dical Press of Great Britain and Ireland; Sir T. N. Tal-
fourd's Essays; Lyall's Agonistes; Tuckerman's Mental
Portraits; Whipple's Essays and Reviews: Chambers's
Papers for the People, vols. i. and ii.; Cleveland's Eng. Lit.
of the 19th Cent.; North Brit. Rev., xi. 252, xiii. 146, xvii.
153; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xv. 434, xxxi. 606; Westm.
Rev., liii. 1; Irish Quar. Rev., ii. 249; National Review,
No. 2, 1856; Blackwood's Mag., ii. 70, 72, 86, 674, iii. 75,
iv. 751, vii. 319, viii. 567, x., Preface, 669, n., xi. 438,
485, 608, xii. 186, 701, xiii. 51, 93, 95, 96, 476, 717, xiv.
82, 220, 501, 502, xv. 122, 144, 558, xvi. 165, 166, xvii.
461, 486, xxi. 106, xxii. 546, xxiii. 482, xxiv. 15, 16,
692, xxvi. 593, xxvii. 283, 665, xxix. 190, 664, 741, 748,
S69, 878, 891, 929, 934, xxx. 300, 409, 412, 896, xxxii.
116, 854, xxxvii. 818, xxxviii. 297; Lon. Gent. Mag.,
1850; N. Amer. Rev., xxxv. 181; N. York Eclec. Mag.,
xx. 269; Democratic Rev., xxvii. 320; Knickerbocker, xxii.
270; Bost. Liv. Age, xxiv. 599, xxv. 172; Phila. Analec.
Mag., xiv. 52.
We may be permitted, in passing, to observe that, of
Lord Jeffrey's 200 papers in the Edinburgh Review,
almost if not quite every one is either quoted from or
referred to in this Dictionary. This article is already
sufficiently long, but we feel unwilling to close it without
at least a few quotations,-without a few reviews of the
great reviewer:
•
1
"He was not so much distinguished by the predominance of any
one great quality as by the union of several of the finest. Rapidity
of intellect, instead of misleading, as it often does, was combined
in him with great soundness; and a high condition of the reasoning
powers with an active and delightful fancy. Though not what is
termed learned, his knowledge was various; and on literature,
politics, and the philosophy of life, it was deep. A taste exquisitely
delicate and largely exercised was one of the great sources of his
enjoyment, and of his unmatched critical skill."-LORD COCKBURN
Life of Lord Jeffrey.
"He is thoroughly acquainted with the progress and pretensions
of modern literature and nhlosonhy; and to this he adle the
961
JEF
JEN
natural acuteness and discrimination of the logician with the
habitual caution and coolness of his profession. The cha-
racteristics of Mr. Jeffrey's general style as a writer correspond, we
think, with what we have stated as the characteristics of his mind.
He is a master of the foils: he makes an exulting display of the
dazzling fence of wit and argument. His strength consists in a
great range of knowledge, an equal familiarity with the principles
and the details of a subject, and in a glancing brilliancy and rapid-
ity of style. Indeed, we doubt whether the brilliancy of his man-
ner does not resolve itself into the rapidity, the variety and aptness
of his illustrations. His pen is never at a loss, never stands still;
and would dazzle for this reason alone, like an eye that is ever
in motion. Mr. Jeffrey is far from a flowery or affected writer: he
has few tropes or figures, still less any odd startling thoughts or
quaint innovations in expression; but he has a constant supply of
ingenious solutions and pertinent examples; he never proses, never
grows dull, never wears an argument to tatters; and, by the num-
ber, the liveliness, and facility of his transitions, keeps that ap
pearance of vivacity, of novel and sparkling effect, for which others
are too often indebted to singularity of combination or tinsel
ornaments."-Hazlitt's Spirit of the Age.
•
No one denies all this: but less partial critics can see
defects as well as beauties; and less partial critics there-
fore must be allowed to give an opinion in the premises:
"What then is wanting to enable him to fill the judgment-seat
of criticism with honour to himself and with profit to others? He
wants imagination. He not only has little imagination of his own,
but he does not perceive that no work of genius can exist without
it; that it is the preserving soul which makes works immortal.
Wherever he has met with it, he looks upon it with the eye of con-
tempt, and casts it from him, as the Arabs did the Oriental pearls in
the wilderness. This is the chief secret of the scorn which he has
heaped on the chief poets of the day: his reviews of Scott, Words-
worth, Southey, Coleridge, and Montgomery, all exhibit the ori
ginal deficiency of the critic: they are not judged by their pens; he
cannot judge them: they have risen beyond his reach, into the
atmosphere of imagination. To his upturned and wondering eyes,
such flights are folly, and he thinks that genius, like Antæus, must
die when it forsakes the ground. Had Jeffrey possessed imagina-
tion, he would never have penned the insulting reviews to which
I allude. His criticisms did great injury to the cause of literature;
his sarcastic strictures tamed down the elastic and bounding spirit
of man; poets wrote with the fear of the critic upon them, and
dreaded the universal laugh of the world. Birds seldom sing well
when the kite is in the air, and bards dreaded the Judge Jeffrey
of our day as much as political offenders dreaded the Judge Jef-
freys of James the Second. By criticisms such as this, true genius
is defrauded of its fame for a time, and elegant and polished me
diocrity prospers and flourishes. Where are many of the writers
he has praised? gone to oblivion, with all their point and their
glitter. Where are some of the writers he has traduced and abused?
sitting on the highest pinnacles of fame."-Allan Cunningham's
Biag. and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years, 1833.
great and central principles of criticism, has contrived to Jazzle, to
astonish, and occasionally to delight, multitudos of readers, and. at
one period, to hold the temporary fate of authors at his will. Ilis
qualifications are all singularly adapted to his office. Without
deep feeling, which few can understand, he has a quick sensibility,
with which all sympathize; without a command of images, he has
a glittering radiance of words which the most superficial may
admire: neither too hard-hearted always to refuse his admiration,
nor too kindly to suppress a sneer, he has been enabled to appear
most witty, most wise, and most eloquent, to those who have
chosen him for their oracle."-SIR N. TALFOURD: Crit. and Miscell.
Writings.
"Our very ideas of what is poetry," says Sir Walter Scott of
Jeffrey, "differ so widely, that we rarely talk upon these subjects.
There is something in his mode of reasoning that leads me greatly
to doubt whether, notwithstanding the vivacity of his imagination,
he really has any feeling of poetical genius, or whether he has
worn it all off by perpetually sharpening his wit on the grindstone
of criticism. . . . I should be glad for his own sake that he took
some opportunity to retrace the paths of his criticism; but, after
pledging himself so deeply as he has done, I doubt much his giving |
way, even unto conviction."-Sir Walter Scott to Joanna Baillie,
Jun. 17 and April 4, 1812; Lockhart's Life of Scott.
"But, with my friend Jeffrey's pardon, I think he loves to see
imagination best when it is bitted and managed, and ridden upon
the grand pas. He does not make allowance for starts and sallies
and bounds, when Pegasus is beautiful to behold, though some-
times perilous to his rider.”—Scott's Diary, Jan. 1, 1827 : ubi supra.
The celebrated editor of this work, [Edinburgh Review,] with
Uttle imagination, little genuine wit, and no clear view of any
46
"Jeffrey, who took the lead in this great revolution in literature,
was a very remarkable man, but more so from the light, airy turn
of his mind, and the felicity of illustration which he possessed, than
from either originality of thought or nervous force of expression.
His information was far from extensive: he shared in the defi-
ciency of his country at that period in classical knowledge; he was
ignorant of Italian and German; and his acquaintance with French
literature was chiefly confined to the gossiping memoirs of the
day, and, with that of his own country, to the writings of the Scotch
metaphysicians or the old English dramatists. But these subjects
he knew thoroughly; within these limits he was thoroughly mas
ter. He was fitted by nature to be a great critic. A passionate
admirer of poetry, alive to all the beauties and influences of nature,
with a feeling mind and a sensitive heart, he possessed at the same
time the calm judgment which enabled him to form an impartial
opinion on the works submitted to his examination, and the correct
taste which, in general, discovered genius and detected imperfec-
tious in them."-SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON: Hist. of Europe, 1815-52,
chap. v. See also his Essays, Polit., Hist., and Miscell., Edin. and
Lon., 1850. vol. iii.
Jeffreys, Lord, d. 1703, son of "hanging Lord
Jeffreys," is said to have pub. two poetical pieces in the
State Poems, 4 vols. Svo, and The Argument rel. to the
E. India Co., &c., Lou., 1689, fol.
Jeffreys, George, 1678-1755. Miscellanies in Prose
and Verse, 1754, 4to. The anonymous verses prefixed to
Cato were written by Jeffreys. See Nichols's Select Collec.
Jeffreys, H., Archdeacon of Bombay. Charges against
Custom and Public Opinion; 2d ed., Lon., 1838, 12mo.
Jeffreys, Julius. British Army in India, Lon., 1858.
Jeffries, Daniel. Treatise on Diamonds and Pearls,
Lon., 1750, '51, Svo. Highly commended.
Jeffries, John, M.D., 1744-1819, a native of Boston,
pub. A Narrative of Two Aerial Voyages, one from London
to Kent, and one from England into France, Lon., 1786,
4to. See Thacher's Amer. Med. Biog.
Jegon, Wm. Two Serms., 1685, 1707, both 4to.
Jekyd, Nat. Finance of G. Britain, 1817.
Jekyl, Sir Joseph, d. 1738, Master of the Rolls.
The Judicial Authority of the Master of the Rolls.
Jekyl, Thomas, D.D., Vicar of Rowde, pub. three
Serms., 1680, '81, '97, and three theolog. treatises.
Jekyll, Joseph. 1. Temple Church, &c., Lon., 1811,
4to. 2. Sancho's Letters, 1782, 2 vols. Svo; 1803, 8vo.
Jelf, Richard William, D.D., Canon of Christ
Church, Oxford; Principal of King's College, London;
former Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford. 1. Serms., Doc-
The Means of Grace: S Serms. at the Bampton Lect. for
trinal and Practical, preached abroad, Lon., 1835, Svo. 2.
1844, Oxf., 1844, Svo. See JEWEL or JEWELL, JOHN, D.D.
Jelf, W. E. 1. Greek Grammar, from the German
of Kühner, Lon., 1842-45, 2 vols. 8vo; 1851, 2 vols. Svo.
2. XII. Serins., 1848, 8vo. 3. Appen. to Eton Greek
Gram.. 1849, 12mo.
"Such being the nature of true Poets and true poetry, and such
the light in which they are regarded by the race whom they ele-
vate,-what, pray, it may be asked, did Mr. Jeffrey mean t'other
day, by saying that all the Poets of this Age are forgotten? [See
Edin. Rev., No. 95.] There are few people whom we love and ad-
mire more than Mr. Jeffrey,-though we believe he does not know
it; but why will he, in his elegant and graceful way, speak such
nonsense? Scott, Byron, Southey, Coleridge, Wordsworth, Moore,
are, he assures us, already all forgotten or nearly so,-fading
away, mere specks on the distant horizon of men's clouded memo-
ries! Why, our dear sir, you might just as weli affirm that the
stars are forgotten, because thousands of coachfuls of people, coming
and going to and from evening parties, are not at the time aware
that the heavens are full of them, that shepherds are watching by
them on the hills, and sailors sailing by them on the seas, and
astronomers counting them in observatories and occasionally dis-
covering one that had been invisible to the mole-eyes of men since
the creation. Yet in all the nonsense Mr. Jeffrey ever spoke, or may
speak, you always may find some grains of sense: for who doubts
his sagacity and his genius? Not one of our great or good living
Poets is forgotten at this hour by Mr. Jeffrey himself. nor any of
those critiques of his own, either, in which he did noble justice to
Some of them and ignoble injustice to others, according to the
transient or permanent moods by which his taste, feeling, and judg
ment were swayed. Nor are his critiques themselves likely to be
forgotten, soon or ever; for many of them belong, we verily believe,
to our philosophical literature. But they hold the tenure of their
existence by the existence of the poetry which they sought to illus-
•
trate or obscure: from the golden urns of those Poets' did he drawing
light,' the light in which he is himself conspicuous; and, were it
extinguished, his literary life would be a blank."-PROFESSOR WIL-
SON: Blackw. Mag., Feb. 1830; and in his Essays Critical and Ima-
ginative, Edin. and Lon., 1856, i. 355, 356. See also Blackw. Mag., "
June, 1828, or Essays, i. 245.
Jelinger, Christopher. Serms., &c., 1649-76.
Jelly, Harry. Serms. at Bath, Lon., 1840, Svo.
Jemmat, Mrs. Her Memoirs, Lon., 1761, 2 vols. 12mo.
Jemmat, Wm. Serms., &c., Lon., 1624, '44, 8vo.
Jemmett, Wm. T. Acts rel. to Adminis. of Law
in Cts. of Equity; 2d ed., Lon., 1836, 12mo.
Jenings, Abr. Miraculum Basilicon; truly exhibit-
the wonderful Preservation of his sacred Majesty after
the Battle of Worcester, Lon., 1664, 8vo.
Jenings, Edward. See JENYNGES.
Jenings, John. Serm., Lon., 1701, 4to.
Jenison, Robert. Serms., &c., Lon., 1621-48.
Jenison, Robert. The Popish Plot, Lon., 1679, fol.
Jenkin, Robert, D.D., 1656-1727, a native of Min-
ster, Thanet, Lady Margaret's Prof. of Divinity, pub.
several theolog. works, of which the best-known is the one
entitled The Reasonableness and Certainty of the Chris-
tian Religion, 1696-97, 12mo. Of this work there were 6
edits. the best is that of 1734, 2 vols. 8vo.
•
"On the antiquity, the inspiration, the style, the canon, the
various readings, the chronology, the obscurity, &c. of the Scrip
tures, his reasonings and statements are well deserving of atten-
tion."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Also recommended by Bishops Cleaver, Watson, and
Tomline.
Jenkin, Thomas. Miracles, Camb., 1750, 8vo.
Jenkin, Wm. See JENKYN.
Jenkins, Alex. Hist. of Exeter, Exet., 1806, Svo.
982
JEN
JEN
Jenkins, Capt. C. England's Triumph; or, Spanish | Devotions, Lon., 1697, 8vo; 30 to 40 edits. By Rev. Chas
Cowardice Expos'd, 1739, 8vo.
Simeon, 1810, 8vo. Several times reprinted; last ed., 1843,
12mo. There is also an ed. by Barnes, 12mo, and an
Abridgt., 12mo.
Contains the Exploits of Hawkins, Drake, Sir Walter
Raleigh, Sir Richard Grenvil, Capt. Cavendish's Voyage,
Blake, Wager, &c.
Jenkins, Charles, 1786-1831, minister of Portland,
Maine, pub. several serins. and some poems, 1830-32.
Jenkins, David, 1586?-1667, one of the judges for
South Wales, distinguished for his loyalty to, and suffer-
ings for, the cause of Charles I., pub. in 1648, 12mo, his
Works, consisting of his vindication, occasional tracts, &c.,
which, with some legal treatises, &c., were written in
prison. He is best known by his Eight Centuries of Re-
ports Ex. Ch. and in Error, 4 Hen. III.-21 Jac. I, (1228-
1623;) 3d ed., Lon., 1771-77; his treatise Lex Terræ
Angliæ, 1647, 4vo; and his Pacis Consultum, 1657, 8vo.
See Athen. Oxon.; Bridgman's Leg. Bibl.; Marvin's Leg.
Bibl., and authorities there cited; Wallace's Reporters;
Disraeli's Comment on the Life and Reign of Charles I.
Jenkins, Jeremiah. Medical work, Lon., 1810, 8vo.
Jenkins, John, d. 1823. Art of Writing, 1805.
Jenkins, John S. 1. Generals of the Last War
with G. Britain, Auburn, N.Y., 12mo. 2. Life of James
2. Life of James
K. Polk, 12mo. 3. Lives of the Governors of the State of
New York, 8vo. 4. Lives of Patriots and Heroes of the
American Revolution, 18mo. 5. Political Hist. of New
York, 8vo. 6. New Clerk's Assistant; last ed., 1855, 8vo.
7. Life of Silas Wright. S. Hist. of the Mexican War,
12mo. 9. The Heroines of History, 1853, 12mo. 10. Life
of Andrew Jackson; new ed., 1855, 12mo. 11. Pacific and
Dead Sea Expeditions.
Jenkins, Joseph, a Baptist minister, pub. several
serms. and theolog. treatises, 1775-1805.
Jenkins, Sir Leoline, 1623-1635, a distinguished
statesman and civilian, Judge of the Admiralty Court, &c.,
filled several important stations with great credit. His
Letters and Papers, Argument on the Admiralty Juris-
diction, &c., with his life, were pub. by Wynne, in 1724,
2 vols. fol. This is a most valuable work.
"I wish Mr. Hall to publish in his Law Journal (see HALL, JOHN
E., ante] Sir Leoline Jenkins's Argument on the Admiralty Juris-
diction, and, indeed, all his legal opinions and dissertations at large.
They are full of instruction, and particularly useful in Prize Law.
I would give fifty dollars for a copy of Sir Leoline's works."
-Judge Joseph Story to Mr. Williams, July, 1813; Story's Life and
Corresp., i. 227, 228; and see p. 268.
See also Red. Mar. Com., 431; Wheaton's Hist. Laws of
Nations, 103; Wynne's Life of Jenkins; Biog. Brit.
Jenkins, Robert C. The Liturgy, Camb., 12mo.
Jenkins, Samuel. A Machine; Phil. Trans., 1740.
Jenkins, T. Benefices, Westm., 1736, Svo.
Jenkins, Major T. A. The Lady and her Horse,
Madras, 1858.
Jenkins, Thomas. Trials, 1806, '08, '10.
Jenkins, Warren. Ohio Gazetteer and Traveller's
Guide, Columbus, 1837, 12mo; 1839, 12mo.
"As far as we are able to form a judgment of its merits, this
seems to be an extremely well composed and valuable manual."-
N. Amer. Rev., Jan. 1840.
Jenkins, Wm. Serm., Lon., 1652, 4to.
Jenkins, Wm. Farewell Serms., 1663, 4to.
Jenkinson, Anthony, travelled 1557-61, in Russia,
Bokhara, and Persia, and his adventures were pub. by
Hakluyt and Purchas, q. v. See Hallam's Lit. Hist.
Jenkinson, Charles, Earl of Liverpool, 1727–
1808, an eminent statesman. 1. National and Constitu-
tional Force in England, 1756. 2. Life of Simon, Lord
Irnham, Lon., 1766, Svo. 3. Treaties between G. Brit.
and other Powers, 1648-1783, 3 vols. Svo, 1785. 4. Dis-
course on the Conduct of G. Brit. in respect to Neutral
Nations, 1785, 3 vols. Svo; 1801, Svo. This important
work-which it is said was trans. into all the languages of
Europe-should be in the library of every legal, political,
and historical student. 5. Treat. on the Coins of the
Realm, Oxf., 1805, 4to; Lon., 1806, 4to. See Brydges's
Collins's Peerage.
Jenkinson, Daniel. Serm., Lon., 1613, Svo.
Jenkinson, Rev. J. S., Vicar of Battersea. Mar-
riage with a Wife's Sister not Forbidden by the Word of
God: in answer to Rev. John Keble, Lon., 1849, Svo.
Jenkinson, James. British Plants, 1775, 8vo.
Jenkinson, John Banks, D.D., 1781-1840; Dean
of Worcester, 1817; Bishop of St. David's and Preb. of
of St. David's and Preb. of
Durham, 1825; Dean of Durham, 1827. Serm., Prov. xxii.
6, Lon., 1828, Svo. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Sept. 1840, 321.
Jenkinson, Richard. Serm., Exon., 1715, 8vo.
Jenks, Benjamin, 1646–1724, Curate of Harley and
Kenley, Shropshire, pub. several serms, and some theolog.
treatises, of which the best-known are-1. Prayers and
"In the true spirit of evangelical devotion.”—Bickerstelle's C. S.
2. Submission to the Righteousness of God, 1700, 8vo;
4th ed., 1755, 12mo. 3. Meditations, 1701, 8vo; 2d ed.,
1757, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Devotional and evangelical.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
"Jenks's Devotions, Meditations, and Submission to the Righteous
ness of God, are the productions of a devout and well-informed
mind; a minister who had but little success in his lifetime, but
whose labours proved the seed of a future harvest."-Williams's C.P.
Jenks, Jacquetta Agneta Mariana, of Belgrove
Priory, in Wales. Azemia; a Descriptive and Sentimental
Novel: interspersed with Poetry, Lon., 1797, 2 vols. 12mo.
"An entertaining compound of good taste and good writing, just
satire and whimsical fancy.... We beg pardon of Miss Jacquetta
what are the rest of her hard names?-but we believe that no
more of the feminine gender belongs to her than to her Right Hon..
cousin Lady Harriet Marlow. See Review, N. S., vol. xx. p. 477."
-Lom. Month. Rev.. 24th Sept. to Dec. 1797, p. 338, q. t.
·
Jenks, James. Cookery, Lon., 1768, 12mo.
Jenks, Joseph William, late Prof. of Languages in
the Urbanna University, Ohio. The Rural Poetry of the
English Language, Cleveland, Boston, and N. York, 1856.
r. 8vo. This is a valuable book, and worthy of a wide
circulation. See Putnam's Mag., Dec. 1856.
1852. Svo.
Jenks, R. W. The Brachial Telegraph, N. York,
Jenks, Richard. Serm., Lon., 1707, Sгo.
Jenks, S. Two Serms. in Catholick Serms., (Lon.,
1741, 2 vols. 8vo,) vol. ii. 315, 345.
Jenks, William, D.D., Pastor of Green St. Church,
Boston.
Bible, Brattleboro', 1834, 5 vols. r. Svo; Supp.. 1 vol. r.
1. The Comprehensive Commentary of the Holy
Sro. Now pub. by Messrs. J. B. Lippincott & Co., Phila-
delphia. We have already noticed this excellent work in
our article on RICHARD ARNALD, p. 69. Several years
have elapsed since we penned that commendation, but the
Comprehensive Commentary still stands without a rival
for the purpose for which it is intended. Since writing the
above, we were pleased to find the following weighty en-
dorsement of our eulogy:
"This compilation exhibits a combination of all that is valnablə
in the deservedly-esteemed commentaries of Henry and Scott on
the entire Bible, and of Doddridge on the New Testament. The
notes are compiled from the various critics enumerated on the title-
page; and. in general, the selection is made with judgment."-
Horne's Bibl. Bib.
We must object, however, to the phrase "all that is va-
luable," &c. What is there in Henry, Scott, or Doddridge,
entirely without value? Among Dr. J.'s other publications is,
2. Explan. Bible Atlas and Scripture Gazetteer, 1849, 4to.
Jenkyn, Thomas W., formerly President of Coward
College, London. 1. The Extent of the Atonement; 3d
ed., Lon., 1842, p. Svo. New ed., revised and enlarged by
the author exclusively for the American publishers, Gould
& Lincoln. Bost., 1859.
"Posterity will thank the author till the latest ages for his illus
trious arguments."—N. York Evangelist.
2. The Union of the Holy Spirit and the Church in the
Conversion of the World; 2d ed., 1842, fp. Svo.
"A very excellent work upon a very important subject."-Lon.
Evangel. Mag.
Jenkyn, William, 1612–1662, Lecturer of St. Ann's,
Blackfriars, &c., committed to Newgate under the Conven-
ticle Act, and died there, pub. several serms, and theolog.
treatises, and the following excellent work, still in request:
Expos. of the Epistie of St. Jude, Lon., 1652-54, 2 Pts. 4to.
New ed., by Rev. James Sherman, with Memoir of the
Author, 1839, imp. Svo. Also in same vol. with Manton's
Expos. of the Epist. of St. James, 1840, imp. Svo. New
ed. of Jenkyn's Expos., 1849, r. Svo.
"A sententious and elegant preacher."-RICHARD BAXTER.
hibits his piety, diligence, and learning."-JAMES SHERMAN.
"This exposition is the most considerable of his works, and ex-
"Though published nearly at the same time, and with similar
views, he and Dr. Manton are both useful."-Bickersteth's C. S.
See Calamy; Granger's Biog. Hist. of Eng.
Jennens, Charles, d. 1773, called "Solyman the
Magnificent," from the splendour in which he lived, at-
tempted an edition of Shakspeare, which elicited more ri-
dicule than compliments. Hamlet was pub. in 1772;
Othello in 1773; and Julius Cæsar in 1774.
Jenner, Charles, D.D., Preb. of Lincoln. Qualifi
cations for the Ministry, Lon., 1753, 4to.
Jenner, Charles, 1737-1774, Vicar of Claybrook,
pub. several novels, poems, &c., 1766-74, &c. See Nichols's
Leicestershire; Bibl. Top. Brit., No. 51.
Jenner, David, Preb. of Sarum, 1676, pub. two Serins..
963
JEN
JEN
&c., 1676-S3, and a work on the Prerogative of Primogeni- |
ture to the Succession to the English Crown, 1685, Svo.
Jenner, Edward, M.D., 1749-1823, the discoverer
of vaccination, was a native of Berkeley, Gloucestershire;
resided as a pupil with John Hunter in London, from 1770
to 1772, and afterwards practised at his native place with
great success. His celebrated discovery was publicly an-
nounced in June, 1798, but he had been engaged upon a
series of preparatory experiments upon the subject since
1780. He pub. several treatises on the Variola Vaccine,
1798-1801, and contributed to Phil. Trans. Med. and Chir.,
&c., 1788-1809. See Dr. John Baron's Life and Corresp.
of Dr. Jenner, Lon., 1827, '38, 2 vols. 8vo; Lives of Brit.
Physicians. 1830, 12mo; new ed., 1857, 18mo.
"A highly-interesting work."-Edward Everett's Orations, dc.
"We wish, for the sake of the public, there were more such bio-
graphies."-Lon. Times.
Jenner, Rev. G. C. Report and Evidence before the
Com. of H. of C. rel. to Jenner's Discovery, Lon., 1805, Svo.
Jenner, Henry. Vaccine Inoculation, 1800, 4to.
Jenner, S. Discourse, Lon., 1682, 4to.
Jenner, Thomas. England's Fishery, 1651, 4to.
Jenner, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, 1650, '70.
Jenner, Thomas, D.D., President of Magdalene
College. On Charity, &c., Oxon., 1752, Svo.
Jenner, W., M.D. On Typhoid and Typhus Fevers,
Lon., 1850, Svo; Phila., 1857, Svo. Other profess. treatises.
Jenney, George. Catholick Conference, 1626.
Jennings and Heckford. Costs on Taxation; 3d
ed., with Append., Lon., 1840, 12mo.
Jennings, David, D.D., 1691-1762, an eminent Dis-
senter, a native of Kibworth, Leicestershire, divinity tutor
at Coward's Academy, 1744; pastor of a congregation in
Old Gravel Lane, Wapping, 1744-62. His principal works
are-1. Serms. to Young Persons, 1743, 12mo. Many eds.
"Methodical, plain, and serious; some pretty striking turns of
thought; his strain very evangelical: he is, upon the whole, the
Flavel of the present age, only much more polite."-DR. DODDRIDGE.
2. Introduc. to the Use of the Globes and the Orrery,
1747; 1752, Svo. Many eds. This work maintained its po-
pularity for more than fifty years. 3. The Scripture Testi-
mony, 1755, 12mno. New ed., by B. Cracknell, 1815, 12mo.
4. Introduc. to the Knowledge of Medals, 1763, Svo; posth.
Again, 1775, 8vo. Full of blunders. 5. Jewish Antiqui-
ties; or, a Course of Lects. on the three first Books of
Godwin's Moses and Aaron, 1766, 2 vols. Svo; posth., pub.
by Dr. Furneaux, 1808, Svo. Often reprinted in 1 vol. 8vo,
and in 2 vols. 8vo; 9th ed., 1837, Svo. Again, 1839, Svo.
"Dr. Jennings is a very judicious commentator. . . . They are
much fuller, of course, than Godwyn, and occasionally differ a little
from him. Some of the notes of Hottinger and Witsias are given
by the editor."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"This work has long held a distinguished character for its accu-
racy and learning.”—Horne's Bibl. Bib.
The Treatises of Mr. Lowman on the Ritual, (Svo, 1748,) and on
the Civil Government of the Hebrews, (Svo, 1740,) may properly ac-
company this work.”—BISHOP WATSON.
"These Lectures are drawn up with great accuracy and judgment.
They illustrate many passages of Holy Scripture."-Williams's C. P.
"A valuable treatise on the subject."-Bickersteth's C. S.
See Recs's Cyc.; Orton's Life of Doddridge, pp. 16, 243;
Kippis's do., p. 16; Prot. Dis. Mag., vol. v.; GODWIN, THO-
MAS, in this Dictionary.
Jennings, Henry Constantine, 1731-1819, a noted
collector of curiosities, pub. several works on theology,
education, &c., 1798, &c., and a trans. into English blank
verse of the 5th Canto of Dante's Inferno.
Jennings, J. Elise; a Romance, Lon., 1665.
Jennings, James. Poems, 1794-1814.
Jennings, James. Dialects in the West of England,
particularly Somersetshire, Lon., 1825, 12mo. Other works.
Jennings, John. Serms., 1701-21.
Jennings, John. Odes, 1754, '61, '67.
Jennings, John, teacher of an academy at Kibworth,
brother to David Jennings, (ante,) and tutor to Dr. Dod-
dridge. Two Discourses on Preaching, Lon., 1754, 12mo.
These (abridged) form one of the treatises in Williams's
Christian Preacher.
"Jennings's Discourses deserve the serious attention of every
minister." DR. ORTON: Life of Dr. Doddridge.
whom he attacks may feel easy under his abuse."- Westminster
Rer., July, 1856.
Jennings, Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough.
See MARLBOROUGH.
Jennings, Wm. System of Attack and Defence, &c.,
Lon., 1804.
66
• •
Jennyngs, Radulphus. Lectiones Variantes ad X.
Scriptores Anglice. Lon., 1652, fol.
Jennyns, Joseph C. Conduct of the Dutch Com-
missioners, 1810.
1.
Jenour, Alfred, Rector of Kittisford, Somerset.
Trans. of Isaiah, with Crit. and Explan. Notes and Prac.
Remarks, Lon., 1830, 2 vols. Svo; 1831, 2 vols. 8vo; 1839,
2 vols. 8vo.
"This is confessedly the best translation of Isaiah extant in the
English language.”—Horne's Bill. Bib., q. v.
What constitutes the most valuable part of the work are the
explanatory and practical remarks with which each section is ac-
companied."-Lon. Congreg. Mog., June, 1831.
"Excellently translated, and accompanied with a judicions and
instructive commentary."-Eclec. Rev., Nov. 1831.
Jenour is an advocate for the double sense of prophecy.
2. Treat. on Languages, 1832, 12mo. 3. Brief Memoir
of Annie Jenour, 1840, 12mo. 4. Trans. of Job, with
of Fénélon's Dialogues on Eloquence, with an Essay; 2d
Notes, 1841, Svo. 5. Ilints on Preaching: being a trans.
ed., 1849, 12mo.
"This is the remark of the pious Fénélon, Archbishop of Cam-
bray, in his incomparable Dialogues on Eloquence, which may God
put it into the hearts of our preachers often and attentively to read.”
-Doddridge's Expositor, ¿ 173.
6. Rationale Apocalypticum; or, A Systematic Expos.
of the Apocalypse, with Histor. Proofs and Illust., and three
Appendices, 1852, 2 vols. 8vo.
Mr. Jenour's work is distinguished by great sobriety and good
sense, and its only serious fault is its diffusiveness. And yet there
is that in this writer's remarks on his text which clearly indicates
a familiar acquaintance with the whole volume of Scripture, and a
mind prepared to turn every portion of the inspired book on which
he comments to pious and profitable uses.”—Lon. Clerical Journal,
Aug. 22.
|
Jenour, Capt. Matthew, R.N. The Route to India,
through France, Germany, Hungary, &c., Lon., 1791, 4to.
Jenty, Charles N., M.D. Medical works, Lon.,
1757-67.
Jenynges, Edward. 1. Trans. into English Meeter
of The notable Hystory of two faithfull Louers named Al-
phagus and Archelaus, Lon., 1574, 4to. 2. A Brief Dis-
couery of the Damages that happen to this Realme by
disordered and unlawfull diet, 1593, 4to.
Jenyns, Rev. Leonard. 1. Manual of British Ver-
tebrate Animals, Lon., Svo.
"This work contains accurate descriptions and measurements of
all the Animals belonging to the classes Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia,
Amphi'ng, and Pisces, which are to be met with in the British
Islands."
2. Observations on Natural History, with a Calendar of
Periodic Phenomena.
"The author's remarks on the 'habit of observing' may be stu
which the observations are recorded. At the same time scientific
died with profit by every young naturalist, as may also the style in
and popular, the work cannot fail to please even the most careless
general reader. Every page teems with interesting notes on the
habits and manners of quadrupeds, birds, fishes, insects, &c.: many
we would gladly quote, but must content ourselves with advising
our readers to purchase the book itself. promising them a rich treat
from the perusal.”—Westminster Review, October, 1846.
Jennings, Nathaniel. Serm., Lon., 1782, 8vo.
Jennings, Richard. 1. Natural Elements of Politi-
cal Economy, Lon., 1855, p. 8vo. 2. Social Delusions con-
cerning Wealth and Want, 1856. This may be considered
a sequel to No. 1.
"Johnson's most exquisite critical essay in the Literary Maga
zine, and indeed anywhere, is his review of Soame Jenyns's Inquiry
into the Origin of Evil.”—Boswell's Life of Johnson, J. v.
let.
The writer has evidently thought out his opinions,-his plot of a
possible Utopia.”—Lon. Athenæum, 1856, 898.
Also commended by the Weekly Dispatch, John Bull,
Builder, and Bath Express.
And see The Idler, No. 89, Dec. 29, 1759. The Review
was so much liked that Johnson republished it in a pamph-
It has been styled on high authority the best of his
writings: but who shall decide questions of this nature?
A review of the Origin of Evil, and other works of its
"It is written in a foolish and arrogant strain of abuse against author, will be found in Green's Diary of a Lover of Lite-
The eminent writers rature. Of the first-named, Green remarks:
scientific writers and existing statesmen.
See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1847, 367–369.
Jenyns, Soame, M.P., 1703-04-1787, the son of Sir
Roger Jenyns, and educated at St. John's College, Cam-
bridge, was noted as a politician, an essayist, an infidel,
and subsequently as a champion of Christianity. He was
for nearly forty years Member of Parliament, for twenty-five
years a Commissioner of the Board of Trade, and for a longer
term than either of these a noted wit and conversationist.
The following is a list of his works: 1. Art of Dancing, a
3. Poems, 1752; and with the Origin of Evil, 1761, 2 vols.
Poem, 1730. Anon. 2. Epistle to Lord Lovelace, 1735.
12mo. See No. 4. These poems originally appeared in
Dodsley's Collection. They were added to the 2d and 3d
edits. of Dr. Johnson's English Poets. 4. Free Inquiry
into the Nature and Origin of Evil, 1757. With his Poems,
1761, 2 vols. 12mo. Ridiculed by Dr. Johnson in the
Literary Gazette:
934
SEN
JER
"Extremely ingenious and wretchedly unsatisfactory. . . . With
all its paradoxical ingenuity, there appear to me only two truly
original thoughts in this work."-Ipswich, 1810, p. 32.
5. Thoughts, &c. on the Present High Price of Provi-
sions, 1767.
"His Poetry does not rise above mediocrity: indeed. it scarcely
deserves the name: but the style of his prose is smooth and lucić,
his turns of thought are neat and unexpected; and when he sports
in irony, in which he apparently delights to indulge, he is uncom
monly playful and airy. . . . Jenyns has evidently a predilection
for paradoxical opinions: and why, he might reasonably urge in his
defence, should a man address the Public, who has nothing new to
offer to it?”—Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., Ipswich, 1810, 225.
As a political writer, Jenyns was the champion of prin-
66
A very flimsy publication.”—McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Ecm.,
1845, 193, q. v.
6. Miscellanies, 1770, 8vo. 7. View of the Internal
Evidence of the Christian Religion, 1776, 12mo; 10th ed., ciples which are now very generally disowned by English-
men.
He defended both the right and the expediency of
taxing the American Colonies, (see his tract on American
Taxation,) and in his reflections on Parliamentary Referin
Pro-
he ridicules the idea of an independent Parliament.
fessor Smyth, in speaking of the unavoidable influence of
party predilections and the necessity of party co-operation,
1798, 8vo, and since. The last ed. is included in the vol.
entitled Christian Evidences, pub. by H. G. Bohn, and
edited by Rev. J. S. Memes, LL.D., 1849, r. Svo.
(This
valuable book should be in every library.) The examina-
tion of the Holy Scriptures dissipated Jenyns's infidelity,
and his anxiety to save others from skepticism produced
this and other theological essays. Jenyns's View excited
much controversy, and was attacked by several of the
clergy, who disapproved of some of its sentiments. Even
the sincerity of the author was called in question, and he
was charged with intending to injure Christianity, which
he pretended to defend. But we have good evidence of
Jenyns's honesty, and also of his piety. We quote some
commendations of his View:
remarks:
"Read the works of Soame Jenyns and of Locke. Would not
both of these men, for instance, while they retained their integrity,
have been seen always on the opposite sides of any question that
could affect the constitution and government of a free country?”…
Lects. on Mod. Hist., Lect. 24.
“A work of very considerable shrewdness and ingenuity, in
which many striking views of Christianity are adduced in support
of its heavenly origin.”—Orme's Bibl. Bıb.
"I confess myself to have been powerfully impressed by Mr.
Jenyns's leading arguments in defence of Christianity"-Green's
Diary, ubi supra.
<<
The work, brief and unpresuming enough, nevertheless did re-
ligion more good service than many of much higher pretensions.
The argument was of a popular kind: it derived force, too, as
coming from one who was a layman and a wit.”—Lon. Quar. Rev.
"The force of the argument addressed to the feelings of ingenious
thinkers, and adapted to the reach of every understanding, is
greater than mere scholars are willing to allow, and was never re-
presented to so much advantage as in the beautiful little Treatise
entitled A View of the Internal Evidence of Christianity."-MR
MAINWARING, of Cambridge: Dissertation.
We next quote some opinions more qualified in their
tone:
"The book is very ingenious: perhaps he brings rather too much
Ingenuity into his religion. I know, however, an instance in which
this little work has converted a philosophical infidel. who had pre-
viously read all that had been written on the subject without
effect."-HANNAH MORE
·
|
What deplorable carelessness of expression is here! So
far from this "philosophical" gentleman's having read "all
that had been written on the subject," we will venture to
say that he had never either read or heard of the one-tenth
part that had been written on the subject. Nothing is
more common than the observation, "This is the only book
on the subject," or, "This is the best book on the subject."
The first assertion may be said to be never true; and if the
last is ever correct, say one in ten thousand instances,
how is it to be proved? Let us avoid such childish extra-
vagance of assertion. A man of true learning is rarely
guilty of so great a fault.
"Dr. Mayo having asked Johnson's opinion of Soame Jenyns's
View of the Internal Evidence of the Christian Religion, JoHNSON:
I think it a pretty book; not very theological, indeed; and there
seems to be an affectation of case and carelessness, as if it were not
suitable to his character to be very serious about the matter.'".
Boswell's Life of Johnson.
"As a whole, it is admitted to be the best treatise. in its particular
range, yet given to the world, but in some respects, differing accord-
ing to the source whence the censure comes, the disapproval of
its individual doctrines and reasonings is almost as universal."-
DR. MEMES: Christian Evidences.
A list of the principal pamphlets elicited by Jenyns's
View will be found in Chalmers's Biog. Dict., xviii. 520, n.
S. Disquisitions on Several Subjects, 1782, 8vo. See a review
of this vol. in Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., Ipswich,
1810, 226-227, and another in the London Retrospective
Rev., Lon., 1820, ii. 291–304.
Boswell and Thrale, retailers of his wit,
Will tell you how he wrote, and talk`d, and cough'd, and spit."
For this offence Boswell took terrible vengeance in an
Epitaph on Jenyns. See Croker's Boswell's Johnson, Lon.,
1848, p. 106. See also pp. 68, 392, 509, 590, 593; Life by
Cole, prefixed to Jenyns's Works.
Cumberland, in his Memoirs, gives us a graphic picture
of Soame Jenyns, which is declared by Lord Jeffrey to be
excellent, and a portion of which we had intended to quote;
but, as our article has now grown to a length which forbids
this, we must refer the reader to the Memoirs, or to Lord
Jeffrey's review of that work in Edin. Rev. for April, 1806,
and in his Contrib. to the Edin. Rev., Lon., 1853, 911-917.
Jephson, Alexander. Serms., 1669, 1705, '15.
Jephson, Alexander. Serms., &c., 1731–65.
Jephson, John. Serms., edited by Bishop William
Bisset, Lon., 1826, 8vo.
<<
W
They will be found to possess no ordinary merit, as apt illustra-
tions of received doctrines, and as animated exhortations to the
discharge of practical duties."-BISHOP BISSET.
Jephson, Robert, 1736–1803, a native of Ireland, a
Captain in the army, and a member of the Irish House of
Commons, pub. a number of dramatic pieces, of which the
tragedies of Braganza, 1775, Svo, and the Count of Nar-
boune, 1781, Svo, were the most popular. He also pub. a
collection of poems called Roman Portraits, 1797, 4to.
The illustrative notes in this vol. are from the pen of Mr.
Malone. See Malone's Life of W. Gerard Hamilton;
Biog. Dramat.; Horace Walpole's Works; Davies's Life of
Garrick.
"We venture to assert that there are few books in the language
"They are marked by the same originality and vigour of ex-
of the same size (pp. 182] as the little volume before us containing pression, the same richness of imagery and illustration, the same
more acute and ingenious reasoning, abounding in more lively illus-large views and catholic spirit, and the same depth and fervour of
tration or more elegant and polished composition."-Retrosp. Rev.,
devotional feeling, which so remarkably distinguished the pre-
ubi supra.
ceding Series, and which rendered it a most valuable accession to
our theological literature.”—From Dr. Jeremić's Preface.
9. The Works of Soame Jenyns, 1790, 4 vols. 8vo; 1793,
4 vols. Svo. Includes Pieces never before published, and
biography of the author by Charles Nelson Cole. See
Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., Ipswich, 1810, 222-226;
Orme's Bibl. Bib. 10. Tracts on the Holy Trinity, the
Creeds, &c. &c., 1814, 8vo. Jenyns also wrote some poli-
tical essays. He perpetrated a satirical epitaph upon Dr.
Johnson-shortly after the death of the latter-in which
Boswell was remembered:
“We would recommend them to our readers, not only for their
force and subtlety of thought, brilliancy of fancy, and exuberant
eloquence of words, but for that spirit of love-that profound and
glowing devotion-by which they are animated, and with which
no one can come into sympathizing contact without feeling him-
self elevated and refined."—North British Review.
See BUTLER, WILLIAM ARCHER.
Jerdan, William, b. 1782, for thirty-four years (1817-
50) editor of the London Literary Gazette, is a native of
Kelso, Roxburghshire, Scotland. Mr. Jerdan wrote the
Biographical Memoirs for Fisher's National Portrait-Gal-
lery of Illustrious and eminent Persons, has pub. some
translations from the French, &c., and been connected
with several journals. An account of his literary labours
will be found in his Autobiography, Lon., 1852-53, 4 vols.
p. Sro. See also Men of the Time, Lon., 1856; Noctes
Ambrosianæ, May, 1828; Fraser's Mag., i. 605, with a
portrait. This portrait was the first of the Gallery of
Illustrious Literary
Illustrious Literary Characters, all drawn by Daniel
Maclise, now R.A.: see Magiun's Fraserian Papers, by
Dr. R. S. Mackenzie, New York, 1857, lxvi. The letter-
press which accompanied each plate was nearly all written
by Maginu.
Jeremie, James Ameriaux, D.D., Sub-dean and
Canon of Lincoln, Regius Prof. of Divinity at Cambridge,
and Rector of Somersham, Huntingdonshire. 1. Serm.,
Ps. cxxii. 6, 9. 2. Hist. of the Christian Church in the
2d and 3d Centuries, 1852, sm. Svo. Originally pub. in
the Encyc. Metropol. 3. Christianity in the Middle Ages,
1857, cr. Svo. 4. Serms., Doctrinal and Practical, of Rev.
William Archer Butler, late Prof. of Moral Philos., Univ.
of Dublin. Second Series, Camb., 1855, Svo.
Jeremy, George. Treat. on the Equity Jurisdic
of the High Ct. of Chancery, Lon., 1828, Svo; 2d Amer.
ed., 1840, Svo. See 1 Story Eq. Jur., 49, 94; 6th ed., 1853;
15 Amer. Jur., 368.
Jeremy, Henry. 1. The Connection between Reli
gion and Learning; a Norrissian Prize Essay, 1810, Svo.
2. Laws of Carriers, &c., 1815, '18, 8vo; N. York, 1816,
3. Analyt. Digest of Reports C. Law, Equity, &c
Syo.
i
965
JER
JES
|
1817, r. Svo. Do., 1817-23, Svo; 1825. Do., 1824–49, r. Svo.
Pub. annually. Do., 1850-55, by W. Tidd Pratt, in r. Svo
vols. 4. Office of Sheriff: see IMPEY, JOHN, No. 3.
original genius. He never lost an opportunity of labouring in any
act of benevolence that his sense of duty set before him; and his
last words were those of affection towards all with whom he hag
been associated in friendship,-to him a sacred relation."-Lon,
Gent. Mag.. ubi supra.
Jerrold, William Blanchard, son of the preceding.
1. Disgrace of the Family, Lon., 1848, 8vo. 2. The Old
Woman who lived in a Shoe, 1849, Svo. 3. How to See
the [Crystal Palace] Exhibition in four Visits, 1851, sq.
4. How to See the British Museum in four Visits, 1852, 18mo.
5. Threads of a Storm-Sail, 1853, Svo. 6. A Brage-Beaker
with the Swedes; or, Notes from the North in 1852, Illus-
trated from Sketches by the Author, 1853, fp. 8vo.
"Mr. Jerrold seeks to daguerreotype the aspects of society in
Sweden, and to report to his own countrymen on the state of man
ners, culture, and the Fine Arts."-Lon. Athen., 1854, 44–46, q. v.
7. Imperial Paris, 1855, fp. S. Story of the Legion of
9. Wit and Opinions of Douglas
Honour, 1855, 12mo.
Jerrold, 1858. 10. Life and Letters of Douglas Jerrold
1858. See JERROLD, DOUGLAS.
Jerment, George. Discourses, &c., 1791–1813.
Jermin, Michael, D.D., d. 1659, Rector of St.
Martin's, London, 1638. 1. Comment. on the whole Book
of Proverbs, Lon., 1638, fol. 2. Comment. on Ecclesiastes,
1639, fol.
Jernegan, Charles, M.D. Med. con. to Phil. Trans.,
1745.
Jerningham, Edward, 1727-1812, gained some
popularity by a number of poems, dramas, essays, and
translations, which are now forgotten. Among these are
The Shakspeare Gallery, (praised by Edmund Burke;)
Enthusiasm;
; Essay on the Eloquence of the Pulpit in
England; The Siege of Berwick.
Poems and Plays was pub. in 1806, 4 vols. See Chal-
mors's Biog. Diet.; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. lxxxiii.
The 9th ed. of his
Jerome, Rev. Stephen, pub. some theolog. treatises,
Lon., 1613-19, and Ireland's Ivbilee, or Ioyes Io Paan;
for Prince Charles his Welcome Home, &c., Dubl., 1624,
4to. See Dibdin's Lib. Comp., 264.
Jerram, Charles, Rural Dean and Vicar of Chob-
ham, Surrey. Serms. and theolog. treatises, of which the
best-known are-1. Conversations on Infant Baptism; 2d
ed., 1826, 12mo.
"A popular and satisfactory discussion of the subject.”—Bicker-
steth's C. S.
2. Treat. on the Atonement, Lon., 1828, Svo; 1832, Svo.
Highly commended by the Christian Guardian, the Christian
Observer, the Christian Remembrancer, and the Evan. Mag.
See Memoirs and Letters of Mr. Jerram, by his son,
1855, Svo.
"A reperusal of them serves to confirm our original opinion
that their object is to advance the good of mankind; that to this
object there has been a devotion of rare skil, undoubted origi-
nality, imperturbable good temper, concealed, perhaps, occasion-
ally under apparent fierceness of phrase and a force and flash
of wit at once dazzling and delightful. A body of works more
original, either in the artistic construction or in the informing
spirit, has not been added to the national literature of our time.”—
Lon. Athen., 1854, 1293: The Writings of Douglas Jerrold.
Jervais, T. Serms., 1811, 8vo.
Jervas, Charles. See JARVIS.
Jerringham, Sir Wm. Papers rel. to the Baronies
of Stafford, 1807, 4to. Privately printed.
|
2. Angler's Rambles, 1836, p. Svo. 3. Favourite Haunts
and Rural Studies, including Visits to Spots of Interest in
the Vicinity of Windsor and Eton, 1847, p. 8vo.
Jerrold, Douglas, 1803–1857, a native of Sheerness,
in Kent, after being a midshipman in the Royal Navy, and
subsequently a printer, had his fate decided for author-
ship by the success of the drama of Black-Eyed Susan,
written before he was of age. This piece was followed by
The Keut-Day, Nell Gwynne, The Bubbles of the Day,
Time Works Wonders, The Catspaw, Retired from Busi-
ness, Cupid, The Prisoner of War, The Heart of Gold, &c.
As a contributor to Punch, and as editor of The Heads of
the People, the Illuminated Magazine, the Shilling Maga-
zine, and Lloyd's Weekly, Mr. Jerrold has won new lau-
rels in another department of authorship. We append an
alphabetical list of his productions, as pub. in vol. form.
1. Bubbles of the Day, a Comedy; 2d ed., 1845, Svo. 2.
Cakes and Ale, 1842, 2 vols. fp. Svo; 1852, being vol. iv. of
his Collected Works. 3. Chronicles of Clovernook, 1846,
fp. Svo; 1853, in vol. vi. of Collected Works. 4. Comedies
and Dramas, 1854, 12mo. 5. Heart of Gold; a Drama,
1854, 12mo. 6. Man made of Money, 1849, p. 8vo; 1853,
in vol. vi. of Collected Works. See No. 3. 7. Men of
7. Men of
Character, 1838, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1851, being vol. ii. of Col-
lected Works. 8. Mrs. Caudle's Curtain-Lectures; new
ed., 1846, fp. Svo; 1852, being vol. iii. of Collected Works.
9. Prisoner of War, 1842, 8vo. 10. Punch's Complete
Letter-Writer. 11. Punch's Letters to his Son, 1843, fp.
8vo. 12. Retired from Business; a Comedy, 1851, 12mo.
13. St. Giles and St. James, 1851, 12mo. 14. Story of a
Feather, 1844, fp. Svo. 15. The Catspaw; a Comedy,
1850, 8vo. 16. Time Works Wonders, 1854, fp. Svo.
collective ed. of the works of this popular author was pub.panionable book, either for the country, or to transport the city
"Lacks no accomplishment desirable in an elegant and com-
in 8 vols. 12mo, 1851-54; reviewed in the Lon. Athenæum, reader in fancy to rural scenes."-Tail's Mag.; and see Lon. Athen,
1854, 1293-1295. See also Men of the Time, Lon., 1856; 1844, 333.
N. York Eclec. Mag., xi. 443, with portrait. The Athen-
æum commends Mr. Jerrold's works in high terms:
"A pleasing and popular omnium gatherum about interesting
architectural remains, the biography of their by-gone inhabitants,
country life, rural scenery, literature, natural history, &c.”—Lon.
Literary Gazette.
4. Gleanings in Natural History, 1832-35, 3 vols. 8vo;
1838, 2 vols. fp. 8vo; Sth ed., 1854, 12mo. See Blackw.
Mag.. xxxiii. 861. 5. Hampton Court, Summer Day at, 1839,
fp. 8vo. 6. Hampton Court, Hand-Book to; 5th ed., 1842,
12mo. See Lon. Athenæum, 1842, 742-744; Blackw. Mag.,
xlviii. 769. 7. Scenes and Tales of Country Life, 1844, p.
Svo; 1853, p. Svo.
“A worthy companion to White's Natural History of Selborne.”
A-Eng. Churchman.
The Wit and Opinions of Douglas Jerrold, edited by Wil-
liam Blanchard Jerrold, and originally pub. in the London
National Magazine, appeared in book-form in 1858; and the
Life and Letters of Douglas Jerrold, edited by W. B.
rold, were announced same year. See also Douglas Jer-
rold's Portfolio of Well-Known Portraits, drawn by Kenny
Meadows, with a Biographical and Critical Essay by E. L.
Blanchard, 1857, p. Svo; the obituary notice of Jerrold
in Lon. Gent. Mag., July, 1857, 91-94; and the London
Athenæum, 1858.
Jerrold was truly a man of a large heart, as well as of a great
4.
Jervey, Wm., M.D. The Scurvy, Lon., 1769, Svu.
Corfu and of the Republic of the Ionian Islands, Lon.,
Jervis, Lieut. H. J. W., R. Artillery. Hist. of
1852, p. Svo.
"Written with great care and research, and including probably att
the particulars of any moment in the history of Corfu.”—Lon. Athen,
Jervis, Sir J., Knt. 1. Office of Coroners, Lon., 1829,
12mo. 2. Rules of the Cts. of K. B., C. P., and Excheq.;
4th ed., 1839, Svo. 3. On Pleading: see ARCHBOLD, J. F.,
Other legal publications.
No. 3.
Jervis, J. W. 1. Manual of Field Operations, Lon.,
1852, p. Svo. 2. The Rifle-Musket, 1854, p. 8vo.
Jervis, Sir John White, Bart. Polit. and theolog.
publications, 1798, 1812, '13.
Jervis, Swynfen. The Dying Girl; and other Poems,
Lon., 1849, p. 8vo.
"The Dying Girl has the higher excellencies of tenderness and
pathos, expressed in a style of elegant simplicity."-Lm. Spectator.
serms., &c., Lon., 1796-1814.
Jervis, Thomas, a Unitarian minister, pub. several
"His style is always figurative and glowing.”—Lon. Month. Repos.
Jerwood, James. 1. Tithe-Rent Charge, 1840,
12mo. 2. Parochial Boundaries, Lon, 1841, 12mo.
Rights to the Sea Shores, &c., 1850, Svo.
3.
Jesse. The Riches of Grace, 1647, 8vo.
Jesse, Edward, Surveyor of her Majesty's Parks
and Palaces. 1. Anecdotes of Dogs, 1846, 4to.
"The excellent, interesting, and instructive volume before us."—
Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1846, 609-614.
8. Windsor, Summer Day at, and a Visit to Eton, 1841,
12mo. New ed., 1844, 12mo. See Lon. Athen., 1844, 787,
80S. 9. New ed, of Walton and Colton's Complete Angler,
with Lives of the Authors, and Notes. To which are added
Papers on Fishing-Tackle, Fishing-Stations, etc., by Henry
G. Bohn, 1856, p. Svo, being No. 37 of Bohn's Illustrated
Library. A beautiful and valuable edition.
Jesse, J. Guide to the Practice of the Ct. of Quart.
Sess. for the Co. of Somerset, Lon., 1815, 8vo.
Jesse, John Heneage. 1. George Selwyn and his
Contemporaries, Lon., 1843, 4 vols. 8vo.
"We do not know a more entertaining book than this. We
listen to the most diverting raillery, the most delicate malice, and
Jer-furnish, and are amused and pleased with a thousand conscious
the best wit that a range of observation merely superficial could
and unconscious affectations."-Lom. Examiner.
2. Literary and Historical Memoirs of London; 1st Ser.,
1847, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. London and its Celebrities; 2d Ser.,
1850, 2 vols. Svo.
"Full of curious matter, and will always be read and valued.”—
John Bull.
4. London: a Fragmentary Poem, 1847, p. 8vo. 5. Mary
966
JES
JEW
Queen of Scots; and other Poems, p. 8vo. 6. Memoirs of
the Court of England during the Reign of the Stuarts, in-
cluding the Protectorate, 1839-40, 4 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1855,
3 vols. cr. 8vo; 3d ed., 1857, 3 vols. cr. 8vo.
"One of the most, interesting works that has issued from the
press for many seasons."-Lon. Allus.
The materials of this work are chiefly drawn from the
sketches of De Grammont, Pepys, and Madame Dunois,
Lon., 1707, 8vo.
"The work is mere patchwork. . . . No attempt is made to dis-
criminate between conflicting statements. or to ascertain the degree
of credit to which the anecdotes are entitled."-Lom. Athen., 1840,
622-623.
7. Memoirs of the Court of London, from the Revolu-
tion in 1688 to the Death of George II., 1843, 3 vols. 8vo;
2d ed., 1846, 3 vols. 8vo.
**
This work presents in an agreeable form facts which have
hitherto been known only to the laborious few.”—Lon. Times.
8. Memoirs of the Pretenders and their Adherents, 1845,
2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1846, 2 vols. 8vo; 3d ed., 1858, p. 8vo.
See N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1858. 9. Tales of the Dead, and
other Poems, 12mo.
Jesse, Capt. William, R.A. 1. Notes of a Half-
Pay in Search of Health; or, Russia, Circassia, and the
Crimea in 1839-40, 1841, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"Captain Jesse has given us a better insight into the habits and
manners and institutions of Russia than any other modern author."
-United Service Gazelle.
Also favourably reviewed in the Lon. Athenæum, The
Naval and Military Gazette, The Globe, and The Britan-
nia. Also noticed in Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., xi. 298.
2. Life of Beau Brummel, 1844, 2 vols. 8vo; 1854, 12mo.
See Lon. Athen., 1844, 399-400. 3. Russia and the War,
1854, cr. Svo, and 12mo. 4. Trans. of J. P. Ferrier's Ca-
ravan Journeys; 2d ed., 1857, 8vo.
Jesse, William, Rector of Dowles, d. 1814, aged 77,
was the author of a number of serms. and theolog. treat-
ises, pub. 1780-1816.
"The excellencies of these sermons [1810, Svo] are soundness of
doctrine, and simplicity in thought and in language."-Lon. Chris.
Observer.
"The doctrines are not stated with any remarkable precision, nor
maintained with any steady process of argument. The composition
is indeed, for the most part, quite loose and immethodical.”—JOHN
FOSTER: Eclec. Review; and in his Essays, Lon.. 1856, i. 515–522.
Jessey, Henry, 1601-1663, left the Church of Eng-
land, and became minister of a Baptist congregation. 1.
268 Places in Jerusalem, Lon., 1654, 4to. 2. The Lord's
Loud Calls to England. Lon., 1660, 4to. 3. English-Greek
Lexicon, 1661, Svo. This does not appear to be a compi-
lation of Jessey's. See Orme's Bibl. Bib.
See Orme's Bibl. Bib. It is one of the
earliest Lexicons to the N. T. in the English. 4. Looking-
Glass for Children, with addits. by H. P., 1673, Svo. Jessey
made some progress in a new trans. of the Bible.
Jessop, Constantius. On Rev. ii. 1, Lon., 1640,
'60, 4to.
Jessop, Francis. 1. Propositiones Hydrostaticæ,
&c., Lon., 1687, 4to. 2. Damps in Mines, &c.; Phil.
Trans.. 1675.
Jesten, H. Drama of Joseph, &c., Reading, 1790, Svo.
Jesup, Edward. Lives of Picus and Pascal, 1723.
Jeter, Jeremiah B., D.D., & Baptist divine, b. in
Bedford county, Va., 1802. 1. Memoir of Abner W. Clop-
ton, A.M.
2. Memoir of Mrs. Henrietta Shuck, the first
American Female Missionary to China; 5th ed.. 12mo.
•
• We have seldom taken into our hands a more beautiful book
than this. It will be extensively read and eminently useful, and
thus the ends sought by the author will be happily secured."-
Family Visitor.
3. Memoir of the Rev. Andrew Broadders, of Virginia.
4. Campbellism Examined, N. York, 12mo. This was an-
swered by Moses E. Lard, q. v. 5. Christian Mirror; or,
A Delineation of different Classes of Christians, 1855, 16mo.
6. The Psalmist: see FULLER, RICHARD, No. 6.
Jevon, Thomas, d. 1688, an actor. The Devil of a
Wife; a Farce, 1686, 4to. This is the original of the Farce
of The Devil to Pay.
beth ascenaed the throne; in 1560 be was consecrated
Bishop of Salisbury, and in 1562 gave to the world, in ele-
gant Latin, the most famous of his writings,-Apologia Ec-
clesiæ Anglicanæ. His unwearied labours in the discharge
of the duties of his episcopate, and bis unremitting devo-
tion to study, brought on a state of physical exhaustion,
which resulted fatally on the 22d of Sept. 1571, in the
fiftieth year of his age. He was noted for his wonderful
powers of memory, profound learning, and exemplary
piety. A collective edition of his works, which consist
principally of treatises in defence of the Church of England
against Romanism, was pub. in 1609, fol.; 1611, fol.; 1631,
fol.; 1711, fol. See edits. of separate publications in
Watt's Bibl. Brit. There are two recent edits. of his col-
lected works,-viz.: edited for the Parker Society by the
Rev. John Ayre, Camb., 1845–50, 4 vols. sm. fol., £1 10%.;
edited by R. W. Jelf, D.D., Oxf., 1847–48, 8 vols. 8vo, £3
128. Of his Apology, and other pieces pub. separately,
there have been many editions. His Challenge Sermon,
preached at St. Paul's Cross, March 30, 1560, is considered
one of the best specimens of his eloquence. See Life pre-
fixed to the octavo edit. of the Apology, 1685; reprinted
in Wordsworth's Eccles. Biog.; Burnet's Hist. of the Re-
formation; Holingshed's Chronicle; Biog. Brit.; Bliss's
Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Fuller's Abel Redivivus; his
Church History; Strype's Life of Cranmer, of Parker;
Prince's Worthies of Devon; Chalmers's Biog. Diet.;
Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 271, 598, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1269 ;
C. W. Le Bas's Life of Jewel, 1835, 12mo. (Reviewed in
British Critic, xviii. 38.) Jewel's Apology came out,
Strype says, "to the abundant establishment of this re-
forined church upon antiquity.”
"Jewel's Apology is an account of the grounds of our separation
from the Church of Rome. as maintained after the separation had
finally taken place. It was publicly received and allowed, and has
also a claim to the attention of the reader, both for its clearness of
argument and elegance of language."-BISHOP RANDOLPH: Enchi-
ridion Theologicum.
"One of our best books."-BISHOP BURNET.
"Will especially reward perusal."-BICKERSTETH.
"This short book is written with spirit: the style is terse, the
arguments pointed, the authorities much to the purpose; so that
its effects are not surprising. This treatise is written in Latin; his
Defence of the Apology, a much more diffuse work, in English.
Upon the merits of the controversy of Jewell with the Jesuit Hard-
ing, which the defence embraces, I am not competent to give any
opinion: in length and learning it far surpasses our earlier pole-
mical literature."-Hallum's Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., Lon,
1854, i. 561.
To the controversy with Harding we have already re-
ferred: see HARDING, THOMAS, and authorities there cited.
“The Church of England may be best studied in the writings of
Jewell, as regards its separation from the Romanist."-BISHOP
| WARBURTON.
"For the answer to any question respecting the genuine sense of
the documents of the Church of England, I consult no other author-
ity."-CYRIL JACKSON, D.D., Dean of Christ Church.
Jewell is eminent for his extensive learning, his sound views,
and his Christian cloquence. All his works are valuable. . . . Tho
finest Christian eloquence, deep learning, sound wisdom, and evan-
gelical piety, mark the writings of this Reformer."-Bickerstelli &C.S
6.
The contemporary of Archbishop Parker. Bishop Jewell. Bishop,
of Salisbury, with equal learning, united a more glowing style and
richer eloquence. Jewell was indeed the most accomplished scholar
who had yet appeared in the reformed Church of England."-Cat-
termole's Literature of the Church of England.
“One of the greatest lights that the reformed Church of England
hath produced."-WooD: Athen. Oxon.
Jewel's character cannot be too highly revered, or too respect-
fully spoken of."-DR. BLISs: ubi supra.
•
The Jewel of Bishops, the worthiest Divine that Christendom
hath bred for some hundred of years."-RICHARD HOOKER, author
of the Ecclesiastical Polity.
"It may be said of his surname, nomen omen; Jewel his name
and precious his virtues; so that, if the like ambition led us Eng-
lishmen, which doth foreigners. speciously to render our surnames
in Greek or Latin, he may be termed Johannes Gemma, on better
account than Gemma Frisius entitleth himself thereunto.”—Fuller's
Worthies of Devonshire.
Jewel, or Jewell, William, a native of Devonshire,
educated at Exeter College, Oxford. The Golden Cabinet
of True Treasure, containing the summe of morall philɔ-
sophie; from the French, Lon., 1612, sm. Svo.
Jewett, Charles. Temperance Lectures, Poems,
Reviews, &c., Bost., 12mo.
Jevons, Thomas. Criminal Law, Lon., 1834, 12mo.
Jevons, William. 1. Elements of Astronomy, Lon.,
12mo. 2. Systematic Morality, 2 vols. Svo..
"We can safely recommend it."-Lon. Month. Repos.
Jewel, Edward. The Stomach, &c., Lon., 1678, 4to. Jewett, Charles Coffin, a learned American biblio-
Jewel, or Jewell, John, D.D., 1522-1571, a nativo grapher and linguist, was born Aug. 12, 1816, graduated
of Devonshire, admitted of Merton College, Oxford, 1535, at Brown University, 1835; appointed Prof. of Modern
was in 1539 chosen scholar of Corpus Christi College, and Languages at Brown Univ., and Assistant Secretary of the
subsequently became Reader of Humanity and Rhetoric Smithsonian Institution. Mr. Jewett resides in Boston.
in his college. In 1546 he professed himself a convert to 1. Catalogue of the Library of Brown University, Provi-
the doctrines of the Reformation, and his zeal in dissemi-dence, 1843, Svo, pp. 560. 2. Facts and Considerations
nating his opinions led to his expulsion from his, college. relative to Duties on Books, 1846, Svo, pp. 24. 3. Notices
On the accession of Queen Mary in 1554, he fled to the of Public Libraries in the United States of America, Wash-
Continent, and remained abroad until the year after Eliza-ington, 1851, Svo, pp. 207.
1851, Svo, pp. 207. 4. On the Construction of
967
ᎫᎬᎳ .
JOH
|
Cacalogues of Libraries and their publications by means of
separate stereotyped Titles; with Rules and Examples, 1852,
8vo; 1853, Svo, pp. 96, 2d ed. Contributions to the Pro-
ceedings of the American Association for the Advancement
of Science, Hunt's Merchants' Magazine.
Jewry, Laura. 1. The Ransom: a Tale of the 13th
Century, 1846, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
"The Ransom has more than commonplace merit."-Lon. Athen.
2. The Forest and the Fortress: a Romance of the 19th
Cicero beautifully calls the library "the Soul of the
House" Professor Jewett, with a noble ambition, has
zealously striven to provide such a soul for this great Re-Century, 1850, 3 vols. p. 8vo. See Lon. Athen., 1850, 419.
public, by his intelligent labours in connexion with the 3. The Cup and the Lip; a Novel, 1851, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
Smithsonian Institution, at Washington. We trust that
"Miss Jewry's dramatis persone are well conceived, consistent
with themselves and with the times."-Lon. Spectator.
he will yet see that magnificent temple adorned-not only
with "goodly stones," (which sometimes preach any thing
but profitable "sermons,") but-with the recorded learn-
ing of all ages, and the teachings of wisdom of every clime.
A great National Library would be, indeed, a National
Honour, a National Blessing, and a priceless boon, alike
to the present generation, and to the countless millions
who are to take our places, enter into our labours, and con-
trol the destinies of our country when we are no more!
Jewett, Isaac A. Passages in Foreign Travel,
1838, 2 vols. 12mo.
Jewett, J. R. Narrative of Captivity and Suffering
at Nootka Sound, Hartford, 12mo.
Jewett, J. L., has edited Ollendorff's New Method
of Learning French, Spiers's French Dictionary, &c.. and
contributed vocabularies of French words to De Fivas's
Classic French Reader, and to Rowan's Modern French
Reader.
Jewsbury, Miss Geraldine E., a native of Man-
chester, England, and a younger sister of the late Mrs.
Fletcher, formerly Maria Jane Jewsbury, has given to the
world a number of novels: 1. Zoe: the History of two
Lives, Lon., 1845, 3 vois. p. Svo.
"We should imagine Miss Jewsbury better qualified to succeed
in essays and speculative papers, than in descriptions of character
as it is, or society as it has beon.”—Lon. Athen., 1845, 114.
"This novel made a sensation in its day, but its reputation was
rather of an equivocal kind."-Lon. Times, 1855, where will be
found a brief notice of Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 6.
2. The Half-Sisters, 1848, 2 vols. p. Svo; 1854, 12mo.
"Displays, like its precursor, very considerable intellectual
powers, a shrewd observance of character, and a general talent, or
more than and,
polish to its roughness to raise it much higher in the intellectual
scale."-Lon. Lit. Gaz., 1848, 194-196. See No. 1.
3. Marian Withers, 1851, 3 vols. p. 8vo. See No. 1.
See No. 1. 4.
The History of an Adopted Child, 1852, fp. Svo; 1853.
Intended for the Young. 5. Angelo; or, the Pine-Forest
in the Alps, 1855, 16mo. 6. Constance Herbert, 1855, 3
vols. p. 8vo.
"We have seen few books so perfectly unsatisfactory as Constance
Herbert."--Blackwood's Mag., May, 1855: Modern Novelists, Great
Jimeson, Rev. Allen Alexander, D.D., b. 1815,
in Pennsylvania. 1. Notes on the XXV. Articles of Re-
Bost.,ligion of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Cincin., 1853,
12mo, pp. 407. 2. Sacred Literature of the Lord's Prayer,
1854, 12mo, pp. 207. 3. Notes on the Twenty-Five Articles
of Religion as Received and Taught by Methodists in the
bury in Noctes Ambrosianæ, Dec. 1829, (Blackw. Mag.,
xxvi. 872;) and see pp. 953, 975, for some of this lady's
poetry.
"Her enthusiasm was ardent, her piety steadfast, and her great
talents would have enabled her to be eminently useful in the path
to which she had been called. . . . In one quality—quickness in the
motions of her mind-she was, in the author's estimation, un-
rivalled.” — WORDSWORTH, the poet, an intimute friend of Miss
Jewsbury.
-
"Miss Jewsbury the elder was one of our coadjutors in the long-
past days of our struggle………. Quicker impulses, sounder conclusions,
an imagination more fanciful, purposes more noble, or a more eager
thirst after wisdom and goodness for their own sakes, have rarely
distinguished any of the honourable and honoured line of author
esses. There is no forgetting Jewsbury whenever the
women of England are brought under notice."-Lon. Athenæum,
· •
1845, 114.
See Christopher North's commendation of Miss Jews-
•
4. The Tide of Life; a Novel, 1852, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 5.
Audrey; a Novel, 1853, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Jickling, Henry. Analogy between Legal and Equi-
table Estates and Alienation, &c., Lon., 1829, r. Svo.
Jickling, Nicholas. Digest of Laws of Customs,
&c., Lon., 1815, 4to. See FREWIN, RICHARD.
Jewett, Milo P., late minister of the Presbyterian
Church, and Professor in Marietta College, Ohio, was born
in 1808, at St. Johnsbury, Vermont; graduated at Andover
Theolog. Seminary, 1838. The Mode and Subjects of Bap-
tism, Bost.; 12 eds. pub. Highly commended by the Rev.
J. R. Greaves, editor of Tennessee Baptist.
Joceylyn, Lord. Six Months with the Chinese Ex-
Mr. Jewett was among the first to introduce the Common-pedition; 2d ed., Lon., 1841, 12mo. This work has reached
School System into Ohio and Alabama.
the 6th edit.
United States, 1858. 12mo.
Jobson, Richard. The Golden Trade; or, a Dis-
covery of the Gambia, Lon., 1623, 4to. See Hugh Mur-
ray's Africa.
+
Jocelin of Furness, flourished 1185, was the author
of several biographies, chiefly of saints. See Wright's
Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-Norman Period, and authorities
there cited.
and Small.
7. The Sorrows of Gentility, 1856, 2 vols. p. Syo.
"A remarkably good novel; well written, amusing, sensible, and
firm to its purpose."-Lon. Examiner.
after
Jewsbury, Maria Jane, 1800?-1833, a native of
Warwickshire, but a resident of Manchester the principal
part of her life, was married in 1833 to the Rev. William
Fletcher, whom she accompanied, shortly after her mar-
riage, on a religious mission to India. She fell a victim to
cholera soon her arrival at Bombay.; Miss Jews
bury contributed many articles to the Lon. Atheneum and
other periodicals, which have never been collected. She
pub. the following vols.: 1. Phantasmagoria; or, Sketches
of Life and Literature. 2. Letters to the Young; 5th ed.,
1843, fp. Svo. 3. Lays of Leisure Hours. 4. Three His
tories; new ed., 1844, fp. Svo. The last-named work is a
great favourite.
Joceline, Elizabeth. The Mother's Legacie to her
Unborne Child, Oxf., 1634, sm. Svo. New ed., by the Very
Rev. Principal Lee, Edin., 1852, 18mo.
"Lord Joceylyn supplies us with some striking facts and un-
known particulars."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
Jodrell, Henry. Charge to Jury, Lon., 1793, 8vo.
Jodrell, Paul. 1. A Widow and no Widow; a Dram.
Piece, Lon., 1780, Svo. 2. Seeing is Believing, 1786, Svo.
Jodrell, Richard Paul, M.D., D.C.L., d. 1831,
brother of the preceding. 1. Illustrations of Euripides on
the Ion, Bacchæ, and Alcestis, Lon., 1781-89, 3 vols. 8vo.
"An extraordinary fund of critical erudition.”—DR. ADAM CLARKE.
2. The Persian Heroine; a Trag., 1786, 4to. 3. Select
Dramatic Pieces, 1787, Svo. These six pieces and a seventh
had been pub. previously. 4. Carmina Selecta, 1812, r. Svo.
Privately printed, £4 48. 5. Philology of the English
Language, 1820, 4to; 250 copies; privately printed. A
valuable work, and should accompany Halliwell's Dic-
tionary, q. v.
Joel, Thomas. 1. Poems and Lotters in Prose, Lon.,
1767, Svo. 2. Grammar, 1775, 12mo.
Johansen, Andrew. Island of Bulan, Lon., 1794.
John of Beverley, the founder of the Abbey of Be-
verley, d. 721, is said by Bede to have written some Ho-
milies and Epistles; but there is no work extant bearing
his name. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-Saxon
Period, and authorities there cited.
John of Beverley, a Carmelite professor of divinity
at Oxford about 1390, was the author of some questions
on the Master of the Sentences, and some controversial
pieces.
John of Brompton, Abbot of Jervaux, in Yorkshire,
History, 588-1198; but it is very doubtful whether it is
in 1193, is the reputed author of a Chronicle of English
See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit.,
properly ascribed to him.
Anglo-Norman Period, and authorities there cited.
John of Cornwall, flourished 1170, was the author
of three theological treatises, the principal one of which
relating to the humanity of Christ-is known by the
title of Eulogium, and was given to the world about 1169
or '70. See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-Norman
Period, and authorities there cited.
John de Hauteville, flourished 1184, was the author
of a poem entitled Architrenius, and is supposed, without
probability, to have written some other poetical pieces.
See Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-Norman Period, and
authorities there cited.
John of Gaddesden. See GADDESDEN, John of.
John of Salisbury, 1120?-1180, a native of Salis-
bury, studied at Oxford and Paris, opened a school in the
latter place, subsequently lived in England as secretary to
Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, and to his successor,
Thomas à Becket, and, in 1176, was made Bishop of Char-
tres by the recommendation of Louis of France. His prin-
968
JOII
JOH
cipal works are his Polycraticus de nugis curialium et ves-
tigiis philosophorum; a metrical treatise entitled Enthe-
ticus de dogmate philosophorum; the Metalogicus; his
epistles, and a life of Thomas à Becket.
"As a writer, John of Salisbury is estimable for his great erudi-
tion, and for the general correctness of his style."-Wright's Biog.
Brit. Lit., Anglo-Norman Period, q. v. for a notice of this writer and
editions of his works.
Since the publication of Mr. Wright's invaluable work,
a new edition-and the best-has appeared,-viz.: Opera
Omnia, nunc primum in unum collegit, et cum codicibus
manuscriptis contulit J. A. Giles, Oxon., 1848, 5 vols. Svo.
"John of Salisbury was the intimate friend of Thomas à Becket.
He appears to have been an unsparing and just censurer both of
friends and foes. His Fulicreticus is a work on the follies of cour-
tiers and philosophers."-Clarke's Stored Literature.
John, Saint. See SAINT JOHN.
John, Chris. S. Indian Civilization, 1813, Svo.
John, Gabriel. Essay towards the Theory of the
Intelligible World Intuitively Considered. Designed for 49
parts 12mo. Swift is thought to have taken the idea of his
marbled pages from this curious work: but see GODWIN,
FRANCIS, D.D.
John, T. B. An Impartial Hist. of Europe, from
the Death of Louis XVI. to the Present Time. 1814, Svo.
Johnes, Arthur James. 1. Causes which have pro-
duced Dissent from the Established Church in Wales. See
Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1146-1147. 2. Reform of the Ct. of
Chancery, Lon., 1834, 8vo. See Hoff. Leg. Stu., 406; 13
Amer. Jur., 459. 3. Philological Proofs of the Original
Unity and recent Origin of the Human Race, derived
from a Comparison of the Languages of Asia, Europe,
Africa, and America, 1843. 8vo. New ed., 1846, Svo.
Johnes, Thomas. Serm., Brist., 1779, 4to.
Johnes, Col. Thomas, 1748-1816, a native of
Shropshire, the owner of the splendid mansion and library
at Hafod in Cardiganshire, issued from his private print-
ing-press the following valuable works, trans. by himself
into English: 1. Sir John Froissart's Chronicles, 1803-05,
4 vols. 4to, 25 copies, large paper, in fol.; 2d ed., 1805, 12
vols. Svo, plates in 4to; 3d ed., 1808, 12 vols. 8vo, plates
in 4to; 1839, 2 vols. r. Svo; 1848, 2 vols. r. Svo: 1849, r.
Svc. Condensed, 1847, 2 vols. 12mo. Reviewed by Sir
Walter Scott in Edin. Rev., v. 347-362.
2. The Travels of Bertrandon de la Brocquière, 1807,
r. 8vo, 12 copies, large paper, in sm. 4to. Reviewed by
the Rev. Sydney Smith in Edin. Rev., x. 329-332. 3. Me-
moirs of John, Lord de Joinville, 1807, 2 vols. 4to, 230
copies printed 10 copies, large paper, in imp. 4to. 4.
Chronicles of Eug. de Monstrelet, 1809, 5 vols. 4to, 25
copies, large paper, in fol. ; 2d ed., 1810, 12 vols. 8vo, plates
in 4to; 1840, 2 vols. imp. Svo. Col. Johnes also pub. a
trans. of St. Palaye's Memoirs of the Life of Froissart,
1803, Svo, and A Cardiganshire Landlord's Advice to his
Tenants. We have already devoted so much space to
Froissart, (and some to Moustrelet,) that no comments
should be expected here. See BERNERS, JOHN BOURCHIER,
LORD. For particulars respecting Col. Johnes, his man-
sion, and his splendid library, see A Tour to Hafod, by
Sir James Edward Smith, 1810, sup. r. fol., price 12 guineas;
Dibdin's Bibliographical Decameron, and his Library Com-
panion; Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit.; Cens. Lit. In
1807, the splendid mansion of Col. Johnes, with much of
its valuable contents, was destroyed by fire: the loss
amounted to £70,000. The energetic Bibliomaniac, how-
ever, was not to be discouraged, and built and adorned a
new edifice. Evelyn would have been delighted with the
colonel, for he planted above three millions of trees on his
Cardiganshire estates.
Johns, C. A. Botanical works, Lon., 1841–52.
Johns, B. G., Head-Master of the Grammar-School,
Dulwich. Theological works, Lon., 1845–53.
Johnson, Miss Anna C. 1. Myrtle Wreaths, &c.,
by Minnie Myrtle, N. York, 1854, 12mo. 2. The Iroquois,
1855, 12mo. 3. Peasant Life in Germany, 1858, 12mo.
Johnson, Rev. Anthony. Histor. Acct. of the
"This essay contains very valuable matter."-Dr. Prichard.
This work was published at the suggestion of Dr. English Translation of the Bible, &c., Lon., 1730, Svo.
Prichard, and should accompany his works.
Reprinted in vol. iii. of Bp. Watson's Theolog. Tracts.
See COTTON, HENRY, LL.D.; LEWIS, JOHN, No. 4.
-
Johus, Henry D., D.D., a Clergyman of the Prot.
Epis. Church in Baltimore, Maryland. Joy and Peace in
Believing, Balt.
Johus, Montgomery, M.D. An English and Ger-
man Clinical Phrase-Book, Phila., 1853, 18mo.
Johns, Wm. The Traytor to Himself; or, Man's Heart
his greatest Enemy, Oxf., 1674, 4to. In verse.
Johns, Rev. Wm. Latin Etymology, Lon., 1805,
12mo.
Johns, Wm. Correspondence, &c., 1814, 8vo.
Johnsen, H. Confutation of Lillie, 1648, Svo.
Johnson. Traveller's Breirate, 1601, 4to.
Johnson. Stones in Animals; Phil. Trans., 1674.
Johnson. Struggle against Popery, 1689, Svo.
!
Johnson. Manual of Physic, Lon., 1700. Svo.
Johnson. On Moral Obligation, Lon., 1731, Svo.
Johnson, or Johnston, Major. 1. Expedition to
Candy in 1804, Lon., 1810, 8vo. 2. Journey from India
to England in 1817, 4to, 1818.
Johnson, Mrs. A. M. Novels, 1790.
Johnson, Abraham. Lucina sine concubitor, Lon.,
1750, Svo.
Johnson, Alexander B., banker and counsellor-
at-law, of Utica, New York, where he has resided since
April, 1801, was b. at Gosport, England, May 29, 1786.
1. Inquiry into the Nature and value of Capital, &c., N.
York, 1813. 2. The Philosophy of Human Knowledge;
or, a Treatise on Language, 1828. A eulogistic notice of
this work, by the Rev. Timothy Flint, will be found in
the London Athenæum, 1835, 802-803.-Sketches of the
Lit. of the U. States. 3. A Treat. on Language, 1836. 4.
Religion in its Relations to the Present Life, 1840. 5.
ing, &c., 1850.
The Philosophical Emperor, 1841. 6. A Treat. on Bank-
Words and Unverbal Things, &c., 1854. 8. The Phy-
ing, &c., 1850. 7. The Meaning of Words Analyzed into
siology of the Senses, 1856. Highly commended in the
Westminster Review for October, 1856. 9. An Encyclo-
pedia of Instruction, on Apologues and Breviats, or Men
Mr. Johnson has also pub. a number of lectures, addresses,
and Manners, 1857. See Lon. Athenæum, 1857, 181
speeches, &c., and contributed many papers to the Demo-
cratic Review, The Knickerbocker Magazine, and other
periodicals.
Johnson, Artemas N., b. Middlebury, Vt.. 1817.
1. Instructions in Thorough Bass, 1844. 2. Choir Chorus-
Book, 1847.
Book, 1847. 3. Bay State Collection of Church Music,
1849. 4. Melodia Sacra, 1852. 5. Handel Collection of
Church Music, 1854. 6. Instruction in Harmony upon
the Pestalozzian System, 1854. Also, several Juvenile
Singing-Books. Editor of Boston Musical Gazette, and
Bost. Musical Journal.
Johnson, Arthur, Prof. of Anglo-Saxon in the
Univ. of Oxford. Trans. of Tenneman's Manual of the
Hist. of Philosophy, Oxf., 1832, 8vo.
"To the student of Philosophy, I know of no work in English
likely to prove half so useful."-HAYWARD, in his trans. of Goethe.
Johnson, Ben. See JoxsON.
Johnson, Ben. Poems, 1700. This is an edit. of
Bishop King's Poems, (1657,) with a new title page.
Johnson, Ben, Jr. Poems, being a Miscelaine of
Seriousness, Wit, Mirth, and Mysterie; Composed by W.
S., Gent., Lon., 1672, sm. Svo.
Johnson, Rev. Benjamin. Poems, Lon., 1799, Svo.
Johnson, Benjamin Pierce, b. 1795, at Canaan,
N.Y. Report, as Commissioner from New York, on the
Great Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations, held at
London, 1851, Albany, 1852. Edited Transactions of
N.Y. State Agricultural Society, 1846-55, 8 vols. 8vo. Ed.
Jour. N.Y. State Agricultural Soc., 1850-55, 4 vols. 8vo.
Ed. Central N.Y. Farmer, 1842–44, 3 vols. Svo. Con-
tributed agricultural articles to U.S. Patent-Office Rep.,
Trans. U.S. Agricultural Soc., and various agricultural
Journals.
+
Johnson, C. F. T. Cancer, Lon., 1810, Svo.
Johnson, C. H. Prize Poem, 1809, 12mo.
Johnson, Charles, d. 1748, was noted as the author
of nineteen plays, and for being impaled by Pope in the
Dunciad. See Cibber's Lives, vol. v.; Biog. Dramat.
Johnson, Captain Charles. 1. General Hist. of
the Pyrates of New Providence, &c., Lon., 1724, Svo;
1727, 2 vols. Svo. This is an interesting vol. to the col-
lector of American History, containing the adventures of
Blackbeard and his capture by Lieut. Maynard, the life
and career of Capt. Kyd, &c. 2. Life of Eliz. Mann, 1724.
3. Hist. of Highwaymen, Pirates, &c., 1734, fol. Best ed.
North's copy sold for £12. Some of the copies bear date
1736; 2d ed., 1742, fol.; 1839, 2 vols. p. Svo; 1840, 12mo,
with addits. by C. Whitehead. Again, 1853, Svo. This
work contains upwards of 100 biographies of notorious
characters.
Johnson, Christopher, M.D. 1. Councell against
the Plague, Lon., 1577, 8vo. 2. Ranarum et Murium
Pugna, Latino versu, donato, ex Homero, 1580, 4to.
Johnson, Christopher. Med. Essay, 1813, 8vo.
Johnson, Cuthbert, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1780.
969
JOH
JOH
Johnson, Cuthbert W., Barrister-at-Law, has pub.
a number of agricultural works, &c., one of the most im-
portant of which is The Farmer's Encyclopædia and Dic-
tionary of Rural Affairs, Lon., 1842, Svo.
"A work containing a great collection of useful facts in every
branch of rural economy."-Prof. Lowe's Agriculture, 4th ed., 105.
"One of the best class."-DR. LINDLEY, in The Gardener's
Chronicle.
"I consider it entitled to an easily-accessible place in the library
of every enlightened agriculturist.”—From an address by J. Š.
Skinner.
See a list of Mr. Johnson's agricultural works in Do-
naldson's Agricult. Biog., 127-128. And see EMERSON,
GOUVERNEUR, M.D., in this Dictionary.
Johnson, D. Practica Medicinæ, &c., Lon., 1502, 4to.
Johnson, Mrs. D. The Brothers; a Nov., 1813, 3
vols. 12mo.
Johnson, E. A., Prof. of Latin in the Univ. of New
York. 1. Select Orations of M. Tullius Cicero, with Notes
for Colleges, &c., N. York, 1850, 12mo.
Johnson, Edward, emigrated from Kent to New
England in 1630, probably with Governor Winthrop. He
was the author of History of New England from the
English Planting in 1628 until 1652; or, Wonder-Working
Providence of Zion's Saviour, Lon., 1654, 4to. Reprinted
in Mass. Hist. Soc. Collec., second series. See Allen's
Amer. Biog. Dict., and authorities there cited.
Johnson, Edward. On Prayer, Lon., 1740, Svo.
Johnson, Edward, Surgeon. 1. Life, Health, and
Disease, Lon., 1837, p. Svo. Many eds.; last ed., 1851.
"We have never read a treatise so popularly written, and we think
it is likely to benefit the community."-Church of Eng. Quar. Rev.
Also commended by other authorities.
2. Nuces Philosophica; or, The Philosophy of Things,
as Developed from the Study of the Philosophy of Words,
1841, Svo. Monthly Nos. 1.-9., in all pp. 536. This
work has elicited both commendation and ridicule. A
specimen of the latter will be found in Blackw. Mag., .
740-746. 3. Domestic Practice of Hydropathy; several
edits. New ed., 1854, Svo. · Mr. J. has written other works
on Hydropathy.
Johnson, Fabian. English Forces, 1591, 4to.
Johnson, Francis, a zealous Brownist, pub. several
treatises in defence of his sect, 1600-17.
Johnson, Frank Grant, M.D., b. January 30,1825,
at East Windsor, Hartford co., Conn., graduated at the
Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., 1849, and at
Castleton Medical College, Vermont, 1851; Principal for
two years of the Wethersfield Academy, Conn.; now (1857)
practising medicine in Brooklyn, New York. Author of
Johnson's Philosophical Charts, designed for schools and
academies, consisting of a series of ten, each 3 feet by 4
feet, pub. by A. Ranney, New York. Highly commended.
Johnson, G. W.
G. W. The New Biographical Magazine,
Lon., 1793, 3 vols. Svo. Pub. periodically, in 96 Nos.,
with portraits.
Johnson, George William. 1. Hist. of English
Gardening, Lon., 1829, Svo. 2. Kitchen and Flower Gar-
den, 18mo. 3. Principles of Practical Gardening, 1845,
fp. 8vo. 4. Dictionary of Modern Gardening, Lon.,
1846,
12mo. New ed., 1851, p. Svo. Amer. ed., with addits.,
by David Landreth, Phila., 1847, r. 12mo.
"The labours of the American editor have fitted it for the United
States, by judicious additions and omissions.”—Silliman's Journal.
5. The Gardener Complete, in 12 vols. 12mo, or in 3
thick vols., 1847, &c.; again, 1853.
Contains the potato, cucumber, grape-vine, auricula,
asparagus, pineapple, strawberry, dahlia, and the peach,
-their history and mode of cultivation, with plates.
6. The Cottage Gardener, 1849-55, 14 vols. imp. Svo;
pub. annually. Other works.
Mandala
Johnson, Henry. Logography, Lon., 1783, 8vo.
This book teaches the art of printing words entire, by their
radices and terminations, instead of by single letters.
Johnson, Herman M., D.D., b. in Otsego co., N.Y.,
1815, Prof. of Phil. and Eng. Lit. in Dickinson College,
Penna Herodoti Orientalia atque Egyptiaca: Pt. 1,
Orientalia Antiquiora, N. York, 12mo. Pt. 2 will consist
of the Egyptiaca and the Orientalia Recentiora.
Johnson, Humphrey. Arithmetick, 1710, 8vo.
Johnson, Isaac. Serms., 1739, '40, both 8vo.
Johnson, J. Psalter, Lon., 1707, 8vo.
Johnson, J. See GILL, R. W.
Johnson, J. Reliques of Ancient English Architec-
ture, Lon., 1856, imp. 4to; with 80 large engravings.
"Comprises the choicest examples in England of the Norman.
First-Pointed, Mixed, Middle-Pointed, Decorated, and Third-Pointed
styles of Ecclesiastical Architecture."
Johnson, J. C. 1. Juvenile Oratorios, Best. 2.
Flower Festival; or, Pilgrims of the Rhine.
Johnson, J. E. Analyt. Abridgt. of Kent's Com-
mentaries on Amer. Law, N. York, 1839, Svo.
Johnson, James. Schediasmata Poetica, sive Epi-
grammatum Libellus, Londini, 1615, Svo.
Johnson, James, d. 1774, Bishop of Gloucester, 1752;
trans. to Worcester, 1759. Serms., 1753-59.
Johnson, James. Con. to Med. Com., &c., 1777, '94.
Johnson, James. The Scots Musical Museum, Lon.,
1787-1803, 6 vols. Svo. New ed., 1839, 6 vols. Svo; again,
edited by Wm. Stenhouse, Edin., 1853, 4 vols. Svo. This
work has been already noticed in the life of Robert Burns,
J. v.
See also Blackw. Mag., i. 377: xxiii. 704.
Johnson, James, Surgeon, R.N. The Oriental Voy-
ager, Lon., 1807, Svo. Descrip. of St. Helena, 1815; and
three medical works, 1813-18.
Johnson, James. 1. Modical Guide, &c., Lon., 1792,
Svo. 2. Jurisprudence of the Isle of Man, Edin., 1811,
'15. Svo.
Johnson, James, M.D. Medical Works, &c. See
his Life, by his son, Lon., 1846, Svo.
Johnson, James R. The Medical Leech, 1816, '17.
Johnson, John. Arithmetick, Lon., 1623, 8vo.
Johnson, John. Academy of Love, describing the
Folly of Younge Men, and the Fallacy of Women, Lon.,
1611, 4to. This book contains an account of Love's Li-
brary, in which Shakspeare and other English poets are
noticed.
2.
Johnson, John, 1662-1725, a learned Non-juror,
educated at Cambridge; Vicar of Cranbrook, Kent, 1707.
1. Paraphrase on the Book of Psalms, 1706, '07, Svo.
Clergyman's Vado-Mecum, 1708; 6th ed., 1731, 2 vols.
12mo. A valuable work. 3. Oblation in the Eucharist,
Supported, Svo: Pt. 1, 1714; Pt. 2, 1717; 2d ed., 1724.
1710. 4. The Unbloody Sacrifice and Altar Unvailed and
New ed., (being the 3d ed. of Pt. 1, and the 2d ed. of Pt. 2,)
in the Oxf. Lib. of Anglo-Cath. Theol., 1847, 2 vols. 8vo.
"A work which, though now little read, contains many useful
truths and great learning, combined, we admit, with some opinions
which we cannot receive, and with assertions to vhich we can affix
no distinct meaning."-British Critic.
5. Collect, of Eccles. Laws, 1720, 2 vols. 8vo. New ed.,
1850, 2 vols. 8vo. 6. The Life of J. Johnson, by Rev. Thos.
Brett. With three of his Tracts and Corresp., 1748, Svo.
See Life, by Dr. Brett, Genl. Dict.; Biog. Brit.
Johnson, John, minister in Liverpool, pub. a number
of theolog. treatises and serms., Lon., 1755-81.
Johnson, John. 1. Military Estab. of the K. of
Prussia; from the French, Lon., 1780, Svo. 2. Trifles in
Verse, 1796, 8vo.
Johnson, John. Laws rel. to Gaming, &c., 1787, 8vo.
Johnson, John, LL.D., Vicar of North Mimms, sub-
sequently Rector of Yaxham, pub. two serms., 1794, 95,
edited his kinsman Cowper's trans. of the Iliad and Odys-
sey, 1802, 4 vols. Svo, his Poems and Life, 1815, and his
Private Correspondence, 1824, 2 vols. 8vo.
Johnson, John. Agricult. Improvements, 1814.
Johnson, John. Journey from India to England in
1817, Lon., 1848, 8vo. This was trans. into French.
Johnson, John, a native of Cheshire. Typographi-
cal and Literary Antiquities of G. Britain, from the Infancy
£1 108.; 2 vols. 12mo, £3; 2 vols. 8vo, £ 48.
of Printing, Lon., 1824; three sizes,-viz.: 2 vols. 32mo,
In this
the Rev. H. Baber, &c. It is a valuable work.
work Mr. J. was assisted by Drs. Dibdin, Wilkins, and Fry,
Johnson, L. D. Memoria Technica: Art of Abbre-
which has reached the 3d ed., is highly commended by the
This work,
viating Difficult Studies, Bost., 1847, 8vo.
N. York Teacher's Advocate, &c.
Johnson, Laura. Botanical Teacher, N. Haven,
1834, 12mo.
Lon., 1839, 12mo. 2. Every Lady her own Flower-Gar-
Johnson, Louisa. 1. Practical Family Cookery,
dener; 11th ed., Lon., 1855, 18mo. 14th ed. since pub.
"All lady floriculturists should possess it."-Naval and Military
Guzette.
Johnson, M. J. Astronomical Observations at Ox-
ford, Oxf., 1845–55, 13 vols. r. Svo, £7 168.
Johnson, Mary F. Poems, Lon., 1810, 12mc.
Johnson, Matthew. Norfolk Pilgrim, 1703, 8vo.
Lincolnshire, contributed papers to Phil. Trans., Trans. of
Johnson, Maurice, d. 1755, an antiquary of Spalding,
Soc. of Antiquaries of London, and the Gentleman's Lite-
rary Society of Spalding, of which he was the founder.
See Hist. of the Spalding Society; Nichols's Lit. Anec.;
Minutes of the Soc. of Antiquaries, London. He gollected
Johnson, J. B. 1. The Dog, and how to Break him, |
Lon., 1851, p. Svo. 2. The Gun, and how to Use it, 1851. | memoirs for the History of Carausius.
970
JOH
JOH
Johnson, O. W., and Rev. W. Winfield. The
Poultry Book, N. York, 1856, r. 8vo; 22 plates.
Johnson, R., D.D. Apology for the Clergy, 1759, 4to.
Johnson, R. 1. Study of History, Lon., 1772, 12mo.
2. New Gazettes; or, Geographical Companion, 1776, 12mo.
Johnson, R. G. An Historical Account of the First
Settlement at Salem, in West Jersey, Phila., 1839, 24mo.
Johnson, Ralph. Orthography, &c., 1663, '77.
Johnson, Richard, pub. several works, now very
rare, among which are-1. The Nine Worthies of London,
Lon., 1592, 4to. This vol., in prose and verse, is reprinted
in Harleian Miscellany. Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 404, £25. 2.
Conceites of Old Hobson, 1607, 4to. 3. The Famous His-
3. The Famous His-
torie of the Seven Champions of Christendom, 4to; again,
1696, 4to.
"Of rather a superior cast: the adventures are not original, but
it is by no means a translation from any single work."-Hallam's
Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, ii, 218.
Johnson, Richard, d. 1720, teacher at Nottingham,
England, 1707-20, pub. several grammatical works, &c.,
1703-17.
Johnson, Robert. Essaies; or, rather, Imperfect
Offers, Lon., 1607, 18mo.
"Very sensible, acute, and ingenious disquisitions."-Brydges's
Restituta, iv. 112–119, q. v.
Johnson, Robert. Relations of the most famous
Kingdoms and Commonwealths, Lon., 1616 4to.
Johnson, Robert. Serms., 1621, '24, '27, all 4to.
Johnson, Robert. Med. treatises, 1684, &c.
Johnson, Robert. Trial of Passingham, &c., 1805.
Johnson, Robert W., M.D. Med. works, &c., 1786.
Johnson, S.
S. Poems. Lon., 1771, 72, '81.
Johnson, Samuel, 1649-1703, a native of Warwick-
shire, educated at Trinity Coll., Cambridge, Rector of Cor-
ringham, Essex, 1670, and subsequently chaplain to Lord
William Russell, distinguished himself by his courageous
opposition to the despotism of James II. and this monarch's
efforts to extend Popery in Great Britain. He pub. several
controversial treatises and sermons, of which a collective
ed., with his life, was pub. in 1710, fol.; in 1713, fol.; and
again in 1737, ful. In 1682, he pub. Julian the Apostate,
intended to disprove the doctrine of passive obedience to
the government. This work was (as we have already seen,
p. S41 of this Dictionary) answered by Dr. George Hickes,
in his Jovian, 1673, 8vo. But it was more effectually an-
swered by the powers that be, for the zealous partisan was
sentenced to pay a fine of 500 marks, and was thrown into
prison until he should discharge it. Nothing daunted by
this, Johnson again took up his pen, and in 1686, at the
instigation of Hugh Speke, a fellow-prisoner, drew up an
Address to the Protestants in the King's Army, (then en-
camped on Hounslow Heath,) urging them not to obey
illegally-commissioned officers.
Johnson, Samuel, LL.D., Sept. 18, 1709-Dec. 13,
1784, one of the most distinguished writers of any age or
country, was a native of Lichfield, where his father carried
on the business of a bookseller with more respectability
than profit. After a course of preparatory instruction in
Mr. Hunter's academy in his native town, and at Mr. West-
worth's school at Stourbridge, he was in his nineteenth
year (1728) entered of Pembroke College, Oxford, where
he remained for three years, returning home without a
degree in 1731. In 1732, he became usher to a school in
Market-Bosworth, but found this appointment so distaste-
ful that in a few months he threw it up, and removed to
Birmingham, where be found partial employment as con-
tributor to a newspaper published by a Mr. Warren, a book-
seller of that place. It was for this gentleman that he
composed his first published work-an abridged translation
into English from the French of Father Lobo's Voyage
into Abyssinia. His reward for this performance was the
inconsiderable sum of five guineas. In 1736, he was mar-
ried to Mrs. Porter, the widow of a Lichfield trader,—a lady
of vulgar manners, loud voice, florid complexion, and nearly
double his age, and with eight hundred pounds sterling
in the funds. The newly-married pair thought that this
sinall fortune could not be better employed than in the
fitting up of an academy at Edial, near Lichfield; and ac-
cordingly the public was soon advised of the opening of
an institution which, fortunately for the cause of letters,
was destined soon to be closed. Three pupils only-David
Garrick and his brother being two-" thronged the doors”
of this respectable seminary. Disgusted with the indiffer-
ence or incredulity of his townsmen, the dominie deter-
mined to try a better market for his talents and learning,
and in 1737, accompanied by one of his pupils, he who in
after-years so long trod the stage without a peer,-he took
the highroad for London, and from that day became an
author by profession. Three years before this period—that
is, in 1734-he had unsuccessfully sought an engagement
as contributor to The Gentleman's Magazine; but he was
now more fortunate in his efforts, and from March, 1738,
to 1754, was a regular coadjutor to honest Edward Cave,
in whose life in this Dictionary we have already referred
to this profitable connexion. At times, indeed, the poor
scholar was reduced so low in his finances as to be obliged
to live upon fourpence halfpenny per day, and then roam
the streets at night with Savage, or some other brother in
misfortune, for want of a lodging.
In 1738, Johnson was employed upon a translation of
Father Paul Sarpi's History of the Council of Trent, which
was discontinued by Dodsley and Cave in consequence of
a rival translation by another Samuel Johnson. It was in
May of this year, 1738, that our author gave to the world
London, a Poem, in imitation of the Third Satire of Ju-
venal; a production which was so immediately successful,
that, to quote the quaint language of a critic in the Gen-
tleman's Magazine, it became "remarkable for having got
to the second edition in the space of a week." It so hap-
pened that London appeared in the same day with Pope's
Satire of 1738, and the youthful author had no reason to
regret the coincidence, for people said, "Here is an un-
known poet greater even than Pope.”
Pope set young Richardson to work to find out who this
formidable rival was. Richardson reported that he had
The works of Johnson are by no means to be despised, discovered only that "his name was Johnson, and that he
even in our day.
92
"A very remarkable writer. I do not know where I could put
my hand upon a book containing so much sense and sound consti-
tutional doctrine as this thin folio of Johnson's."-S. T. COLERIDGE.
Johnson, Samuel, Vicar of Great, and Rector of
Little, Torrington, pub. a number of separate serms.,
Thirty-Six Select Discourses, Lon., 1740, 2 vols. Svo, and
was some obscure man. "He will soon be déterré," re-
plied Pope. This was not the only instance in which he
displayed a commendable generosity to the rising star, for
from the perusal of London alone he recommended him to
Earl Gower when Johnson (in the next year) sought a degree
"to qualify him for the mastership of a charity-school."
..
For both these publications, his spirit was, doubtless, deserving
of the highest applause."-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: Review of the
Causes of the Revolutum of 16SS.
The government thought otherwise: "Julian Johnson"
(for so he was now called) was sentenced to stand thrice on
the pillory, and to be whipped from Newgate to Tyburn.
This barbarous sentence was carried into execution, and
three hundred and seventeen stripes failed to make the
patriot wince. After the Revolution, he was compensated
by King William for his sufferings. At least he received
a present of £1000, a pension of £300 a year for two lives,
and his son was taken into the public service.
"His morals were pure, his religious feelings ardent, his learning
and abilities not contemptible, his judgment weak, his temper acri-
monicus, turbulent, and unconquerably stubborn."-T.B.MACAULAY:
Hist. of England, vol. i.
See also vol. iii., and authorities cited in both vols.; Biog.
Brit.; Genl. Dict.; Birch's Life of Tillotson; Kettlewell's
Life; Comber's Life of Comber; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.;
Mackintosh, ubi supra.
John Dryden, whose impure muse and time-serving
spirit could neither understand nor respect a man of John-
son's purity and dauntless courage, disgraced himself by
endeavouring to ridicule "Ben Jochanan," as he called
the author of Julian, but we have ample testimonies of the
excellence of the latter:
an Explanation of Scripture Prophecies, Reading, 1742,
2 vols. 8vo.
Johnson, Samuel, an actor, d. 1773, was the author
of Hurlothrumbo, a Comedy, some other dramatic pieces,
&c., 1729–41. See Biog. Dramat.
Johnson, Samuel, D.D., 1696-1772, a native of
Guilford, Conn., grad. at Yale College, 1714; minister of
West Haven, 1720; received Episcopal ordination in Eng-
land, 1723, and in November of the same year settled at
Stratford, Connecticut, as a missionary; President (the
first) of King's College, New York, 1755 to '63, when he
returned to his old charge at Stratford. He pub. several
controversial tracts in favour of Episcopacy, 1733, &c.: a
System of Morality, 1746; a Compendium of Logic, 1752;
a Serinon, an English Grammar, and a Catechism, 1765;
a Hebrew Grammar, 1767; and some theolog. treatises.
See his Life, by Rev. Dr. Thos. B. Chandler, 1805; again,
Lon., 1824, 8vo.
"I never knew a man of better sense, of a more innocent life, or
of greater virtue, than Mr. Samuel Johnson."-John Hampden to
the Duchess of Mazarine.
971
JOH
JOI
Of this and of some later portions of Johnson's life
we find some notices contributed by ourselves some years
since to Putnam's Magazine, (New York, April, 1854,) and
from these memoranda we shall not hesitate to quote when
it suits our purpose.
The similarity between London and Pope's satirical vein
is very observable. The Vanity of Human Wishes essays
a more dignified strain. Garrick accounts for this in his
own facetious manner:
"When Johnson lived much with the Herveys, and saw a good
deal of what was passing in life, he wrote his London, which is
lively and easy; when he became more retired, he gave us his
Vanity of Human Wishes, which is as hard as Greek: had he
gone on to imitate another satire, it would have been as hard as
Hebrew."
|
And yet, flippant little David, thy old schoolmaster
wrote a hundred lines a day of this poem, if it is all Greek
to thee. Hard as it was to thee, it softened a greater man
to tears, for Walter Scott tells us,
"The deep and pathetic morality of The Vanity of Human
Wishes has often extracted tears from those whose eyes wander dry
over pages professedly sentimental."
Poor
("
Ay, it drew tears from the eyes of the author himself!
George Lewis Scott describes a very interesting little family-
gathering at Thrale's, when Dr. Johnson read aloud his
satire: whilst recounting the difficulties of the poor, strug-
gling scholar, he "burst into a passion of tears."
fellow! he remembered those days when he subscribed him-
self impransus. No longer subject to the pangs of hunger,
he now had all that heart could wish,--plenty, honour,
love, obedience, troops of friends;" but his mind reverted
to those bitter days of penury when he wandered in the
streets for want of a lodging, and, in the garb of poverty,
devoured his dinner, furnished by the hand of charity,
behind the curtain at good Mr. Cave's! How had his con-
dition changed! We need not marvel at those outpourings
of a grateful heart which gush forth in his quiet hours
of meditation and solemn seasons of prayer. The great
Being on whose guidance and protection he had confi-
dently relied in the day of destitution and hour of trial
had not disappointed his hopes. He had "brought him
to great honour, and comforted him on every side." This
he deeply felt, and, however at times arrogant and harsh.
to his fellow-men, he ever, as Bishop Horne well says,
"walked humbly before the Lord his God."
Johnson had no little difficulty in finding a publisher
for London, but at last Dodsley ventured to purchase it
for the magnificent sum of ten guineas! The author
speaks of this as no inconsiderable price for it:
"I might. perhaps," he says, "have accepted of less, but that
Paul Whitehead had a little before got ten guineas for a poem, and
I would not take less than Paul Whitehead.”
In 1744, the reputation of the young author was greatly
increased by the publication of the Life of Richard Savage,
and this admirable biography was followed in 1746 by a
Plan of the Dictionary of the English Language; in 1749,
by the representation of the tragedy of Irene, and the
publication of The Vanity of Human Wishes; and in
1750-52, by the issue of the Rambler. The Dictionary
was given to the world in 1755; the Idler dates from April
5, 1758, to April 5, 1760; Rasselas was pub. in 1759; the
edition of Shakspeare, with Notes, in 1765; The False
Alarm in 1770; Thoughts on the late Transactions re-
specting Falkland Islands, 1771; A Journey to the Western
Islands of Scotland, and The Patriot, in 1774; Taxation
no Tyranny, in 1775; and the Lives of the English Poets,
his last production of any importance, (and which he had
commenced in 1777,) in 1779-81. The Poets in this
collection commence with Cowley, and, with the exception
of Blackmore, Watts, Pomfret, and Yalden, were chosen
by the booksellers, whose original design went no further
than the preparation of Biographical Prefaces to the selec-
tion of British poetry which they were about giving to
the world. This meagre project was happily enlarged by
the skill and taste of the editor. The lives of Savage,
Cowley, Milton, Gray, Dryden, and Pope, are considered
the best in point of literary workmanship. The ed. of The
Poets to which they were originally prefixed, 1779-81, was
in 60 vols. sm. Svo, price, £7 10s. A 2d ed. was pub. in
1790, in 75 vols. 12mo.
A chronological and detailed list of Johnson's writings
-which we think it unnecessary to quote in this place
will be found in the Appendix to Boswell's Life of John-
gon,—a work which has made the life of the great lexico-
grapher so familiar to general readers, that some brevity
on our part may well be excused. In 1762, a pension of
£300, conferred by George III., placed the author of the
Rambler in circumstances of comparative affluence, and
enabled him to pass his remaining days without being sub-
jected to that harassing literary drudgery for which few
men were so ill qualified, and still fewer would have so
bravely endured. We must not forget to mention, before
leaving this division of our subject, that in 1755 Johnson
received the degree of M.A. from the University of Oxford;
the title of Doctor of Laws from Trinity College, Dublin,
in 1762; and the same compliment from Oxford in
1775.
The only complete edition of Johnson's Works is that
pub. at Oxford, by Talboys and Wm. Pickering, in 1825,
in 11 vols. 8vo,-The Oxford Classic Edition. The con-
tents are as follows: Vol. I. Life; Poems; Rasselas; Let-
ters; II., III. Rambler; IV. Adventurer; Idler; V. Mis-
cellaneous Pieces; VI. Reviews; Political Tracts; Lives of
Eminent Persons; VII. Lives of the Poets: Cowley, Den-
ham, Milton, Butler, Rochester, Roscommon, Otway,
Waller, Pomfret, Dorset, Stepney, J. Philips, Walsh, Dry-
den, Smith, Duke, King, Sprat, Halifax, Parnell, Garth,
Rowe, Addison, Hughes, and Sheffield; VIII. Lives of the
Poets: Prior, Congreve, Blackmore, Fenton, Gay, Gran-
ville, Yalden, Tickell, Hammond, Somervile, Savage, Swift,
Broome, Pope, Pitt, Thomson, Watts, A. Philips, West,
Collins, Dyer, Shenstone, Young. Mallet, Akenside, Gray,
Theodoric; The Fountains, a Fairy Tale; Prayers and
and Lyttelton; IX. Journey to the Hebrides; Vision of
Meditations; Sermons; Index to vols. i.-ix.; X., XI. Par-
liamentary Debates, 1740-43.
We are now to consider the distinguished subject of our
notice: 1, as a Poet: 2, as an Essayist; 3, as a Lexico-
grapher; 4, as a Critic. We shall also briefly review-5,
ners, and conversation; 7, his moral and religious cha-
the peculiarities of his style; 6, his appearance, man-
·
racter.
1. DR. JOHNSON AS A POET.
"Read Johnson's Vanity of Human Wishes.-all the examples
and mode of giving them sublime, as well as the latter part, with
the exception of an occasional couplet. I do not much admire tho
opening. I remember an observation of Sharpe's, (the Conversa-
tionist, as he was called in London, and a very clever man,) that
the first line of his poem was superfluous, and that Pope (the very
best of poets, I think) would have begun at once, only changing
the punctuation,-
666
Survey mankind from China to Peru.'
"The former line, 'Let observation,' &c. is certainly heavy and
useless. But 'tis a grand poem-and so true! true as the tenth of
Juvenal himself. The lapse of ages changes all things,-time-
language the earth-the bounds of the sea-the stars of the sky,
and every thing about, around, and underneath' man, except man
himself. who has always been, and always will be, an unlucky ras-
cal. The infinite variety of lives conducts but to death, and the
infinity of wishes leads but to disappointment."-LORD BYRON:
Ravenna Diary, Jan. 9, 1821.
James Ballantyne remarks of Sir Walter Scott, -a com-
ment of whose upon the pathos of The Vanity of Human
Wishes we have already quoted:
"He had often said to me, that neither his own nor any modern
popular style of composition was that from which he derived most
pleasure. I asked him what it was.
He answered, Johnson's; and
that he had more pleasure in reading London, and the Vunity of
Human Wishes, than any other poetical composition he could men-
tion; and I think I never saw his countenance more indicative of
high admiration, than while reciting aloud from these productions.”
—Lockhart's Scott.
Lockhart tells us that the last line of MS. that Scott
sent to the press was a quotation from The Vanity of
Human Wishes.
"Yet," continues Lockhart, "it is the cant of our day-
above all, of its poetasters-that Johnson was no poet.
To-be-sure, they say the same of Pope,—and hint it occa-
sionally even of Dryden."
reader will derive the best conception of the manner of this noble
"Juvenal has been translated by Dryden: but the mere English
satirist from the admirable imitations of Dr. Johnson, which are
beyond all praise. Mr. Murphy and Mr. Lewis have likewise lately
published imitations of this poet, which possess much merit, though
certainly far inferior to the spirited productions of Johnson.”--Dr.
DRAKE.
"Perused Johnson's London and Vanity of Human Wishes. His
numbers are strong in sense, and smooth in flow, but want that
varied grace and inextinguishable spirit which constitute the es
sential charm of Pope's."-Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., Ips-
wich, 1810, 65.
"Dr. Johnson's London, a Satire. is a noble poem. But his great
moral genius was constrained in composition by the perpetual pa-
rody on his powerful prototype, Juvenal. To have shown so much
genius and so much ingenuity at one and the same time, to have
been so original even in imitation, places him in the highest order
of minds. But his range was here circumscribed; for he had to
move parallel with the Roman,-finding out in every passage cor-
responding and kindred sins, and in order to preserve-which he
did wondrously-the similitude-
"To bridle in his struggling muse with pain,
Which long'd to launch into a nobler strain.""
PROFESSOR WILSON: Blackw. Mag. June, 1828; and his Essays
Critical and Imaginative, Edin. and Lon., 1856, i. 230.
"That his tragedy [Irene] was a great failure on the stage has
972
JOH
JOH
·
boe already related; that it is of extreme dulness, of a monotony
altogether insufferable, and therefore tires out the reader's patience
quite as much as it did the auditor's. is true; that most of his
lesser pieces are only things of easy and of fairly-successful execu-
tion is likewise certain, with perhaps the exception of his verses on
Robert Levett's death, which have a sweetness and tenderness sel-
dom found in any of his compositions. But, had he never written
any thing after the Imitations of Juvenal, his name would have
gone down to posterity as a poet of great excellence,-one who only
did not reach equal celebrity with Pope, because he came after him,
and did not assiduously court the muse.
66
In truth, these two pieces are admirable, both for their matter,
their diction, and their versification. . . . Of Johnson's Latin verses
it remains to speak, and they assuredly do not rise to the level of
his English, nor indeed above mediocrity. The translation of Pope's
Messiah, however, a work of his boyhood, gave a promise not ful-
filled in his riper years."-LORD BROUGHAM: Lives of Men of Let-
ters of the Time of George III.
2. DR. JOHNSON AS AN ESSAYIST.
""
*6
Under the head of essays, we may, without much vio-
lence to strict classification, add Johnson's political pamph-
lets, his Parliamentary Debates, and his tale of Rasselas,
to the periodical papers of the Rambler, the Idler, &c.
The first number of the Rambler was pub. on Tuesday,
March 20, 1749-50, and the last on Saturday the 17th
(14th, in fact) March, 1752, 208 numbers in all, issued
every Tuesday and Saturday, without the loss of a single
publication-day. Would that all authors who seek
advance the interests of religion and morality were as
conscientious as the author of The Rambler, in imploring
the aid of divine grace, "without which nothing is strong,
nothing is holy.' Grant, I beseech thee," supplicates
the pious writer, "that in this undertaking thy Holy Spirit
may not be withheld from me, but that I may promote thy
glory, and the salvation of myself and others." The Ram-
The Ram-how
bler excited but little attention at first. Croker seems to
question Payne's assertion to Chalmers, that Richardson's
essay, No. 97, was the "only paper which had a prosper-
ous sale and was popular." But the ladies will side with
Payne, when they discover by inspection what "No. 97"
is about. We shall not inform them, and indeed we strictly
forbid any of our female readers to turn to this mysterious
paper. If in this Blue-Beard prohibition we meet with the
same measure of obedience which was accorded to the
gentleman just named, we ought not to be surprised. The
good Doctor was sorely put to it to find a name for his
child. He told Sir Joshua Reynolds,
"What must be done, sir, will be done. When I began publish-
ing that paper I was at a loss how to name it. I sat down at night
upon my bedside, and resolved that I would not go to sleep till I
had fixed its title. The Rambler seemed the best that occurred,
and I took it.”
|
Yet majestic diction was as natural to a man who thought
in rounded periods as was a disjointed chaos of the parts
of speech to many of his critics. So far from the elabo-
rate verbal architecture, anxiously built up and painfully
cemented, which the reader supposed, the Ramblers were
written just as they were wanted for the press; indeed, at
times the first half was in type before the remainder was
on paper.
Boswell relates an amusing anecdote relative to the
Italian edition of the Rambler:
Notwithstanding the tardy sale at first, the author had
the satisfaction of surviving ten editions in London alone.
We must not conceal the fact that some unreasonable
beings complained of the erudite dignity of the style,
and declared that the author (a true "Yankee trick” it
would now be called) used the hard words in the Rambler
in order to render his Dictionary-of which the Pros-
pectus had been issued a short time before-indispen-
sably necessary.
"A foreign minister, of no very high talents, who had been in
the company for a considerable time, quite overlooked, happened
luckily to mention that he had read some of his Rambler in
Italian, and admired it much. This pleased him (Johnson] greatly.
He observed that the title had been translated 11 Genio Errante,
though I have been told it was rendered, more ludicrously. Il
Vagabando; and, finding that this minister gave such a proof of
his taste, he was all attention to him, and on the first remark
well; his Excellency observes: and then he expanded and enriched
which he made, however simple, exclaimed. The ambassador says
the little that had been said in so strong a manner that it appeared
something of consequence. This was exceedingly entertaining to
the company who were present, and many a time afterwards it fur-
nished a pleasant topic of merriment. The ambassador says well'
became a laughable term of applause when no weighty matter had
been expressed."
|
It deserves to be noticed that the 110th number of the
Rambler (on Repentance) was the means of deciding the
Rev. James Compton, of the English Benedictine Monks
at Paris, to leave that body and embrace the Protestant
faith.
faith. How many devotees of the Greek Church it would
have converted we have, unfortunately, no means of
knowing. Yet the author thought at one time that it
was about having the opportunity presented to it. Some-
or other he heard that the Empress of Russia had
ordered a translation of the Rambler into the Russian
language:
"So," says the author, with a complacent smile, "I
shall be read on the banks of the Wolga. Horace boasts
that his fame would extend as far as the banks of the
Rhone: now, the Wolga is farther from me than the Rhone
from Horace."
Edmund Burke, who, like most truly great men, ex-
celled in wit and humour, said that Johnson's ladies-his
Misellas, Lorimas, Properantias, and Rhodoclias-were
all "Johnsons in petticoats." This is much of a piece
with Goldsmith's telling Johnson that if he were to com-
Jose a work in which little fishes had to converse, he
would make them all talk like great whales!
In his contributions to the Adventurer, the Doctor uses
the stilts less; he walks more,-perhaps occasionally runs.
The Doctor wrote the whole of the 20$ papers, with the
exception of four billets in No. 10, by Miss Mulso, (after-
wards Mrs. Chapone ;) No. 30, by Mrs. Catherine Talbot;
No. 97, by Richardson; and Nos. 44 and 100, by Elizabeth
Carter. Of Johnson's 204, thirty only were "worked up"
from previously-prepared materials. After a time, the
Rambler gained the public ear; and, this secured, the
public voice soon followed. Cave, the publisher of the
paper, received a number of commendatory letters, news-
paper-verses appeared in its praise, and James Elphinstons
(see p. 555 of this Dictionary) superintended an Edinburgh
edition, which followed the London issue. Richardson
wrote to Cave that Johnson was the only man who could
write them; which Cave admitted, but complained that,
good as they were, they were very slow sale.
Even cor-
pulent Mrs. Rambler, who had never been suspected of
very exquisite literary sensibilities, was moved by these
effusions of the "gude man's," and rewarded his labours
with the very handsome speech,-"I thought very well
of you before, but I did not imagine you could have
written any thing equal to this."
•
Whether this was the work of some wicked wag, or not,
we cannot tell; but we believe that the Russian edition
of the Rambler is even scarcer than any "liber rarissi-
mus" which tantalizes the "helluo librorum" in the
"choice catalogues of Thomas Thorpe."
We have seen how greatly the Rambler was admired in
the select circles which gave law to the Republic of Let-
ters of that day. The Doctor fully endorsed all that was
said in praise of his essays, and observed, not without
truth, of his Rambler, that he had laboured to refine
our language to grammatical purity, and to clear it from
colloquial barbarisms, licentious idioms, and irregular
combinations, and that he has added to the elegance of
its construction and the harmony of its cadence.'
*
But it is not to be supposed that the voice of admiration
was the only one to be heard:
"The Rambler," remarks a celebrated literary and fashionable
lady of the day, is certainly a strange misnomer: he always
in the beaten road of his predecessors, following the Specta
the same pace as a packhorse would do a in
style that is proper to lengthen a paper. These writers may, per-
haps, be of service to the public, which is saying a great deal in
their favour. There are numbers of both sexes who never read
nothing to go through a sixpenny pamphlet. Such gentle readers
any thing but such productions, and cannot spare time from doing
may be improved by a moral hint which, though repeated over and
over from generation to generation, they never heard in their lives.
I should be glad to know the name of this laborious author."-
LADY MARY WORTLEY MONTAGU: Works, Lon., 1803, 5 vols. 8vo; vol.
iv. p. 259.
•
As an essayist. he merits more consideration. [than as a poet
and dramatist.] Ilis Ramblers are in everybody's hands. About
them opinions vary, and I rather believe the style of theso
essays is not now considered as a good model. This he corrected
in his more advanced age, as may be seen in his Lives of the
Poets, where his diction, though occasionally elaborate and highly
metaphorical, is not nearly so inflated and ponderous as in the
Ramblers.”—Memoirs of Rich and Cumberland: Simuel Johnson.
"His Ramblers are in every body's hands," says Cum-
berland; but his Memoirs were pub. in 1806, and now, in
1856,-half a century later, this can no longer be said;-
nor, indeed, could it have been truly said, for many years
past,
"Where is the man who, having turned his thirtieth year, pe-
ruses Rasselas or the Rambler?"-Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825,
617-618.
reputation of Johnson rests almost entirely upon his profound and
"Nobody now reads the Rambler or the Idler, and the colossal
caustic sayings recorded in Boswell."-SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON: Es-
says, Polit. Histor. and Miscel., Edin. and Lon., 1850, ii. 421.
But Sir Archibald certainly speaks in haste: the Ram-
bler and Idler are still read, and will always be read, and
that to the great profit of the readers. We should not
973
JOH
JOH
mit to Dotice, in passing, that Sir Archibald pays a high
compliment to the essays of Johnson. See Hist. of Eu-
rupe, 1850–52, chap. v.
In the whole course of our "Johnsonian readings" we
have met with nothing upon this subject which pleased us
better, as a lucid exposition of the truth upon this subject,
than the following remarks of a learned American di-
vine,—one of the most profound thinkers, and certainly
one of the best writers, of the age:
<
"It has been asked, with emphasis, Who now reads the Rambler?
And it is indubitable that this book, which once exerted so mighty
an influence on the English language and people, has given place,
at least in general reading, to works of far inferior merit and in-
terest. The reason seems to be, that its object is wellnigh accom-
plished. It commenced with a standard of morals and language
elevated far above the prevailing style of morals and of writing. It
has elevated both, and has brought the English language and no-
tions of morality to its own level. Nor is it wonderful that men
should regard with less interest a work which now is seen to have
no very extraordinary elevation. It is a component part of Eng-
lish literature, having fired itself in the language, the style, and
the morals of the English people, and taken its place as an inte-
gral, almost undistinguished, part of the national principles of
writing and morality. The result is that, while the benefits of the
Rambler may be diffusing themselves, unperceived, to almost all
the endearments of the fireside and virtues of the community, the
book itself may be very imperfectly known and unfrequently pe-
rused. Johnson may be almost forgotten, except in praise; but his
mighty power is yet sending forth a mild influence over lands and
seas, like the gentle movements of the dew and the sunbeam."
REV. ALBERT BARNES: Christian Spectator, 1832; and in his Miscell.
Essays and Reviews, N. York, 1855, i. 126.
I
by the triads and quaternions which he so much loved. and be
lanced with an art which. perhaps, he derived from the learned Sir
Thomas Browne."-SIR WALTER SCOTT: Life of Johnson.
To the same effect writes Sir James Mackintosh:
"Some heaviness and weariness must be felt by most readers at
the perusal of essays on life and manners, written like the Ram-
bler; but, it ought never to be forgotten that the two most popular
writers of the eighteenth century, Addison and Johnson, were such
efficacions teachers of virtue that their writings may be numbered
among the causes which in an important degree have contributed.
to preserve and to improve the morality of the British nation."---
Mackintosh's Life, Lon., 1835, 2 vols. 8vo.
The publication of the Rambler, though not very successful
during its progress, stamped the character of the author as one of
the first moral writers of the age, and as eminently qualified to
write, and even to improve, the English language."SIR Walter
SCOTT: Life of Samuel Johnson, Miscell. Prose Works, Abbotsford
ed., Edin. and Lon., 1850, iii. 296.
66
It would not be easy to name a book more tiresome-indeed,
more difficult—to read, or one which gives moral lessons in a more
frigid tone, with less that is lively or novel in the matter, in a lan-
guage more heavy and monotonous. The measured pace, the con-
stant balance of the style, becomes quite intolerable, for there is
no interesting truth to be inculcated remote from common observa-
tion, nor is there any attack carried on against difficult positions,
nor any satirical warfare maintained either with opinions or with
persons."-LORD BROUGHAM: Lives of Men of Letters of the Time of
George III., Lon. and Glasg.. 1855, 347.
Mr. Hazlitt is, if possible, still more severe in his stric-
tures on the Rambler. We can quote but a few lines of
his critique:
"After closing the volumes of the Rambler, there is nothing
that we remember as a new truth gained to the mind,-nothing in-
delibly stamped upon the memory; nor is there any passage that
we wish to turn to, as embodying any known principle or observa-
tion with such force and beauty that justice can only be done to
the idea in the author's own words."-On the Periodical Essayists.
We cannot resist the temptation of quoting, by way of
contrast to the above, a line or two from the enthusiastic
commendation of the author of Clarissa:
"I am inexpressibly pleased with them.... I hope the world
tastes them; for its own sake I hope the world tastes them. . . . I
would not, for any consideration, that they should be laid down
through discouragement.”—Samuel Richardson to Cave, Aug. 9,
1750.
In his Rasselas we have much to admire, and enough to make
us wish for more. It is the work of an illuminated mind, and offers
many wise and deep reflections, clothed in beautiful and harmonious
diction. We are not, indeed, familiar with such personages as John-
son has imagined for the characters of his fable; but, if we are not
exceedingly interested in their story, we are infinitely gratified with
their conversation and remarks."-Cumberland's Memoirs: Samuel
Johnson.
"No prig shall ever persuade me that Rasselas is not a noble per
formance in design and in execution. Never were the expenses of
a mother's funeral more gloriously defrayed by a son than the fu
neral of Samuel Johnson's mother by the price of Rasselas, written
for the pious purpose of laying her head decently and honourably in
the dust."-CHRISTOPER NORTH: Noctes Ambrosianæ, April, 1829
Perhaps Rasselns, which is quite as much of an essay,
or, rather, series of essays, as it is a novel, is even still
more neglected than the Rambler. The fervid eulogy of
Johnson's greatest biographer is well known, but we must
find room for it in our pages:
"This tale, with all the charms of Oriental imagery, and all the
force and beauty of which the English language is capable, leads
us through the most important scenes of human life, and shows us
that this stage of our being is full of vanity and vexation of spirit.'
The fund of thinking which this work contains is such that almost
every sentence of it may furnish a subject of long meditation. I
am not satisfied if a year passes without my having read it through;
and at every perusal my admiration of the mind which produced it
is so highly raised that I can scarcely believe I had the honour of
enjoying the intimacy of such a man."-BOSWELL.
The admirer of Johnson will be grateful to us for ex
tending our quotations from Professor Wilson. Always elo
quent, the enthusiastic Christopher strikes even a higher
chord than is his wont when the author of the Rambler
becomes his glowing theme:
"He had noble faculties and noble feelings; a hate, high as hea
ven, of wickedness; a scorn, as high, of all that was base or mean;
wide knowledge of the world, of London, of life; severe judgment;
imagination not very various perhaps, but very vivid, and, when
conjoined with such an intellect, even wonder-working, in realms
that seemed scarcely of right to belong to the solemn sage. Wit-
ness the Happy Valley of Rasselas, and, indeed, all that as-yet-un-
surpassed story, where, on the wings of fancy and feeling. you are
wafted along over the earth, yet never lose sight of its flesh-and-
blood inhabitants, working and weeping, yet not unhappy, still. in
their toils and their tears, and dying but to live again, in no cold,
glittering, poetic heaven, but in the abodes of bliss, seen by tho
eyes of nature through religion, builded in the skies." —The Man
of Ton, a Satire; in Blackw. Mag., June, 1828; and in Wilson's Es
says. Critical and Imaginative, Edin. and Lon., 1856, i. 231.
"The reader who first attempts the Abyssinian Candide feels
that he has imposed on himself a task rather than found a plea-
sure, or even a relaxation. The manner is heavy and little suitel-
to the occasion; the matter is of a very ordinary fabric, if it is safo
and wholesome; there is nothing that shines except the author's,
facility of writing in a very artificial style, as soon as we are in-
formed. by external evidence, of the whole having been written in
a few nights. He, perhaps, had some kind of misgiving that it
was not a successful effort, for he had never looked at it till two-
and-twenty years after it was written, when, a friend happening to
have it, who was travelling with him, Johnson read it with some
eagerness."-Lord BroughAM: Lives of Men of Letters, dc.
The noble critic just quoted considers Johnson's political
pamphlets and his occasional tracts as far superior to his
moral essays; and he especially commends Taxation no
Tyranny, and the review of Soame Jenyns's Treatise on
The last-named production has al-
the Origin of Evil.
ready come under our notice in our life of Soame Jenyus.
The eloquence of the Parliamentary Debates was of so
an order that Dr. Francis declared that of Demos-
thenes to be inferior; and Voltaire did not scruple to
affirm that the Greek and Roman orators had revived in
the British Senate.
We give some other opinions upon this once-celebrated
production. Hazlitt is less enthusiastic:
"Rasselas is the most melancholy and debilitating moral specu-
lation that ever was put forth.”—On the Periodical Essayists.
Dr. Young, on the contrary, calls Rasselas "a mass of
""
sense.
<.
The work can scarce be termed a narrative, being in a great
measure void of incident: it is rather a set of moral dialogues on
the various vicissitudes of human life, its follies, its fears, its hopes,
Its wishes, and the disappointment in which all terminate. The
style is in Johnson's best manner, enriched and rendered sonorous
3. DR. JOHNSON AS A LEXICOGRAPHER.
Before the appearance of Johnson's great work (in
1755) the English were sadly in want of a good lexicon
of their language. The one in use-not without consider-
able merit-was that of Nathan Bailey, which we have
already noticed in our life of that industrious philologist.
English scholars, therefore, had to endure in silence the
sarcasm of the Abbé le Blanc, who declared that such
was the passion for the English tongue that the French
had made it one of the learned languages, and that even
their women studied it, and yet that there was not so
much as a good dictionary, or, rather, a tolerable gram-
mar. We shall not be expected, in the limited space to
which we are confined, to enter into any consideration of
the philological dispute of the day respecting the com-
parative merits of the dictionaries of Johnson, Webster,
Richardson, and others. Like the valet de chambre in
the Vicar of Wakefield who read so many magazines,
though they quarrel among each other we dearly love
them all, and keep the most important of them by our
elbow.
elbow. As regards orthography, we certainly do not-as
every page of this volume testifies-follow the example
of our countryman, whilst we should undoubtedly feel en-
titled to ridicule without mercy the stolidity of the tyro
who should undertake to compare the meagre philological
attainments of Dr. Johnson with the amazing erudition,
in this department, of Dr. Noah Webster.
We had intended to quote some criticisms of Drs.
Webster and Richardson on the execution of Johnson's
Dictionary; but, as such quotations would involve the
necessity of an impartial presentation of both sides of the
question,-for which presentation we lack both space and
time, we shall content ourselves, and, we trust, our read-
ers, with the citation of a few opinions, which (with, per-
haps, the exception of Lord Brougham's) are not to be
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
974
JOH
JOH
considered as instituting any comparison between John-
son's Dictionary and the two which have only recently, in
their perfected shape, been submitted to the public eye.
ings of every word, and quoted the authorities: but it would have
been an improvement if he had given an accurate definition of the
precise meaning of every word, pointed out the way in which it
ought to be employed with the greatest propriety, showed the va
rious deviations from the original meaning which custom had so
far established as to render allowable, and fixed the precise limits
beyond which it could not be employed without becoming a vicious
expression. With this view it would have been necessary to exhibit
the nice distinctions which take place between words nearly syno-
nymous, and without which many words can only be defined in such
a manner that they must be considered as exactly synonymous.
We omit making quotations from Johnson in order to point out
these defects; and shall content ourselves with giving a few ex-
amples. to show in what manner, according to our idea, a dictionary
of the language ought to be
7th. art. Dictionary."
"Had Johnson left nothing but his Dictionary, one might have
traced there a great intellect. a genuine man. Looking to its clear-
ness of definition, its general solility, honesty, insight, and success-
ful method, it may be called the best of all Dictionaries. There is
in it a kind of architectural nobleness; it stands there like a great
solid square-built edifice, finished, symmetrically complete: you
judge that a true Builder did it."-Curlyle's Hero Worship.
"Of the Prefaces to his own or other men's works, it is not neces
sary to speak in detail. The most ambitious is that to the Dic
performs, when it professes to give a history of the English lan-
tionary, which is powerfully written, but promises more than it
War-guage: for it does very little more than give a series of passages
from the writings in the Anglo-Saxon and English tongues of dif
ground, and has had no successor that could supplant it. This is
ferent ages. The Dictionary itself, with all its faults. still keeps its
owing to the admirable plan of giving passages from the writers
cited as authorities for each word. and this part of the design is
very well executed. Hence the book becomes almost as entertaining
to read as useful to consult. The more difficult task of definition
has been less happily performed; but far better than the etymolo-
gical part, which neither shows profound knowledge nor makes a
successful application of it. The compiler appears to have satisfied
himself with one or two authorities, and neither to have chosen
them well nor consulted them with discrimination. Of any at-
tempts at a deeper and more philosophical study, either as regards
the structure or the grammar of our language, he cannot be said
ever to have had the credit; but if he at any time was so far for-
tunate. Horne Tooke has very mercilessly stripped him of it."-
LORD BROUGHAM: Men of Letters, dc.
There have been many edits. of Johnson's Dictionary,
but we do not think it worth while to notice any save the
best, that of the Rev. H. J. Todd, Lon., 1818, in 11 Pts.,
1827, 3 vols. 4to; new edit., now (1856) in press, edited
by Todd and Latham. Mr. H. G. Bohn has recently-in
1840, 50, and '54, all in imp. Sro-pub. verbatim reprints
of Johnson's own last folio edit.
""
The Doctor, with his usual foresight, had adopted an
excellent mode of discouraging all adverse criticism, by
admitting in his admirable preface that "a few wild blun-
ders and risible absurdities might for a time furnish folly
with laughter and barden ignorance into contempt.'
Now, as no reviewer is particularly desirous of being con-
sidered either a fool or an ignoramus. we may well sup-
pose that the Jeffreys of the day were contented to praise
where they could and to be silent where they disapproved.
We may remark, in this connexion, that it seems hardly
worth while for us to repeat the old and well-known story
of Johnson's impertinent and unjust letter to the Earl
of Chesterfield. It is not to be forgotten, however, that
the Earl's suggestions upon the prospectus were all
adopted by the author.
The Monthly Review for April, 1755, was enlarged
"four pages extraordinary," and even then the usual
catalogue of new books omitted, to make room for a co-
pious notice of the Dictionary, in which some imperfec-
tions are rather hinted at than enumerated. Thomas
ton, in a letter to his brother, after admitting that "the
preface was noble, and the history of the language pretty
full," complains that "strokes of laxity and indolence
were plainly to be perceived." "Laxity and indolence"
Laxity and indolence"
there will always be in the works of man; but vigour and
industry there were also, else the Dictionary had never
seen the light. In our life of WM. ADAMS, D.D., p. 37
of this Dictionary, we have quoted some remarks of
Johnson upon this theme, to which the reader is referred.
The book sold well, for a second edition was pub. within
pub. within
a year. This was a great triumph for the author, who
declared that, of all his acquaintances, there were only
two who, upon the publication of the work, did not en-
deavour to depress him with threats of censure from the
public, or with objections learned from those who learned
them from his own preface.
The Doctor displayed no little ingenuity in the prelimi-
nary arrangement of his matériel. Bishop Percy tells us:
"Boswell's account of the manner in which Johnson compiled
his Dictionary is confused and erroneous. He began his task (as
he himself expressly described to me) by devoting his first care to
a diligent perusal of all such English writers as were most correct
in their language, and under every sentence which he meant to
quote, he drew a line, and noted in the margin the first letter of the
word under which it was to occur. He then delivered these books
to his clerks, who transcribed each sentence on a separate slip of
paper, and arranged the same under the word referred to. By these
means he collected the several words and their different significa-
tions; and when the whole arrangement was alphabetically formed
he gave the definitions of their meanings, and collected their ety-
mologies from Skinner, Junius, and other writers on the subject."
Andrew Millar's exclamation of delight at the reception
of the last sheet was less reverent than Johnson's pious
rejoinder. We do not wonder at Millar's impatience. The
"three years" stipulated for the undertaking proved to be
more than seven, and the copyright-money (£1575) had
long been in the hands of the lexicographer: we say the
hands,—for little went into his pocket, after satisfying the
demands of his six amanuenses and discharging other ex-
penses incurred in the prosecution of the work.
But we promised a few quotations respecting the Dic-
tionary, and it is quite time they were before the reader.
In the same year (1755) of the appearance of the review
of Johnson's Dictionary in the Monthly Review, another,
by Dr. Adam Smith, the political economist, was pub. in
the (old) Edinburgh Review. Sir James Mackintosh tells
us that
"This review of Johnson's Dictionary is chiefly valuable as a
proof that neither of these eminent persons was well qualified to
write an English dictionary. The plan of Johnson and the speci-
mens of Smith are alike faulty. At that period, indeed, neither the
cultivation of our old literature, nor the study of the languages
from which the English springs or to which it is related, nor the
habit of observing the general structure of language, was so far
advanced as to render it possible for this great work to approach
perfection."-Preface to a Reprint in 1816 of the Edinburgh Review
of 1755.
"His Dictionary, though distinguished neither by the philosophy
nor by the erudition which illustrate the origin and history of
words, is a noble monument of his powers and his literary know-
ledge, and even of his industry, though it betrays frequent symp-
toms of that constitutional
must so
overpowered him in so immense a labour."-Mackintosh's Life,
Lon.. 1835. 2 vols. 8vo.
"That laborious and gigantic task, a dictionary of the language.
How it is executed is well known, and sufficiently surprising, con-
sidering that the learned author was a stranger to the Northern
languages, on which English is radically grounded, and that the
discoveries in grammar since made by Horne Tooke were then
unknown."-SIR WALTER SCOTT: Life of Johnson.
"Dr. Johnson, with great labour, has collected the various mean-
·
4. DR. JOHNSON AS A CRITIC.
A comprehensive view of Dr. Johnson's critical writings
would of course include many of his numerous contribu-
tions to the Gentleman's Magazine, the Universal Visitor,
The Literary Magazine or Universal Review, The Poetical
Calendar, The London Chronicle, The Critical Review, &c.;
but these articles are almost all of them unknown to the
by no means unquestionable. When reference is made to
general reader, and of many the evidence of authorship is
the critical writings of Johnson, it is understood that the
Preface and Notes to Shakspeare, and the Lives of the
British Poets, are in the mind of the speaker. To each of
these works, therefore, we must devote a few lines. Wo
say "a few lines ;" and, indeed, did our space permit, we
have little disposition to dwell upon Dr. Johnson as a com-
mentator upon Shakspeare. We will fight manfully for
the Preface, but after that the point of our lance acknow-
ledges the influence of the attraction of gravitation, and
bends earthward. Francis Douce, one of the most erudite.
in a few words, much to the purpose:
of literary antiquaries, thus despatches the critical doctor
"The indefatigable exertions of Messrs.Steevens, Malone, Tyrwhitt,
and Mason, will ever be duly appreciated by the true and zealous
admirer of Shakspeare's pages. If the name of a celebrated critic
and moralist be not included on this occasion, it is because he was
certainly unskilled in the knowledge of obsolete customs and ex-
pressions. His explanatory notes, therefore, are, generally speak-
ing, the most controvertible of any; but no future editor will dis-
charge his duty to the public, who shall omit a single sentence of
this writer's masterly preface, or of his sound and tasteful charac-
ters of the text of Shakspeare."
Again:
"No disparagement is meant to the memory or talents of one of
the greatest of men, when a protest is entered against the text of
Dr. Johnson."
We well remember our astonishment at Johnson's criti-
cism upon Proteus's speech in the Two Gentlemen of
Verona, where he charges Shakspeare with a blunder in
making the enamoured young gallant say,
"Tis but her picture I have yet beheld,
And that hath dazzled my reason's light."
"Why," says the Doctor, "he had an interview with
Silvia, and yet talks of having only seen her picture!"
The literal commentator did not make sufficient allowance
for the rhetoric of lovers. That there should be much
valuable matter, and many sensible observations, contained
975
JOH
JOH
in such a body of notes by such a writer, is a matter of
course. The errors and misconceptions which prove the
critic's unfitness for his task afford another proof of what
even wise men often forget,-that no amount of genius, no
extent of general knowledge, will qualify an author for a
particular field without particular preparation. The
Monthly Review (vol. xxxiii., 1765) devotes no less than
thirty pages to a notice (by no means complimentary) of
Johnson's Shakspeare, and to this article, from which we
had intended to quote, we must refer the reader. Johnson's
edit. of Shakspeare appeared in 1765, 8 vols. 8vo. His
principal predecessors as commentators on the great poet
were: 1. Rymer, 1678; 2. Dennis, 1693; 3. Gildon, 1694;
4. Pope, 1725; 5. Theobald, 1726; 6. Peck, 1740; 7. Sir
Thomas Hanmer, 1745: S. Grey, 1746; 9. Warburton, 1747;
10. Upton, 1748; 11. Whalley, 1748; 12. Edwards, 1748;
13. Holt, 1749; 14. Charlotte Lennox, 1753–54; 15. Cooper,
1755; 16. Howard, 1756; 17. Capell, 1759; 18. IIeath, 1765.
Before we leave this period-the date of the publication
of Johnson's Shakspeare-we must refer the reader to the
fierce attack of Kenrick (Goldsmith's malignant foe) upon
the new editor, pub. in the Monthly Review for December,
1765. Warburton's savage assault upon Johnson, in re-
venge for his temerity in modestly questioning some of
that commentator's critical canons or annotations, is
exactly what might have been expected from that amiable
and courteous (!) prelate. See Letters from a late eminent
Prelate to one of his Friends, (Bishop Hurd,) 1808, pp.
272-273.
But it is quite time that we had turned our attention to
the opinions of critics of a more modern period:
"The Preface to his Shakspeare, certainly, is far superior to his
other introductory discourses, both fuller of matter and more ela-
borate. His remarks on the great dramatist are, generally speak-
ing, sound and judicious; many of them may even, on a subject
sufficiently hackneyed, be deemed original. The boldness with
which his many critical objections were offered deserves not the
less praise that Shakspeare's numberless and gross faults are easy
to discern; because, in presence of the multitude, we might say
even of the English nation at large, their obvious nature and con-
siderable magnitude has never made them very safe to dwell upon.
The Preface is more to be commended than the work itself.
As a commentator, he is certainly far from successful."-LORD
BROUGHAM: Lives of Men of Letters, dc.
"Johnson compares him who should endeavour to recommend
this poet by passages, unconnectedly torn from his works, to the
pedant in Hierocles who exhibited a brick as a sample of his house.
And yet how little, and how very unsatisfactorily, does he himself
speak of the pieces considered as a whole! Let any man, for
instance, bring together the short characters which he gives at the
close of each play, and see if the aggregate will amount to that
sum of admiration which he himself, at his outset, has stated as the
correct standard for the appreciation of the poet."-A. W. Schlegel's
Lects, on Dramat. Art, and Lit., Black's Trans., Lon., 1846, 360. See
also pp. 365, 399.
"Johnson's Preface is doubtless a great and masterly perform-
ance, evincing a mind of large general powers, and is executed
throughout with uncommon dignity and effect. There are those
who elevate it to the skies; but there is also a considerable number
of well-read Shaksperians who are far from bowing with unqualified
submission to the critical canons which it contains. . . . Johnson's
critical summary of the preponderating merits and demerits of
each play should be always a concomitant of every edition of Shak-
speare."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 805.
"Johnson explained much well. but there is something magiste-
rial in the manner wherein he dismisses each play like a boy's
exercise, that irritates the reader. His criticism is frequently ju-
dicious, but betrays no ardent admiration for Shakspeare."-IIAL-
LAM: Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, iii. 94.
No portion of Johnson's writings has been so warmly
praised, and so severely censured, as the Lives of the
English Poets. Sir Egerton Brydges, in the Preface to his
edit. of Phillips's Theatrum Poetarum Anglicanorum,
complains lamentably of the false taste of the age which
considered the poetical school of Pope the highest in the
Republic of Letters:
"Dr. Johnson," he continues, "whose Lives of the Poets are ex-
tremely valuable, from the knowledge of life they display, from
their morality, and from that acuteness of investigation and vigor
of expression which his astonishing powers of intellect threw on
every subject in which he engaged, has yet contributed to authorize
this degraded taste. For candor ought to confess that a feeling
for the higher kinds of poetry was not among his excellencies. Is
it possible for those to doubt it who recollect the opinion he has
expressed of Milton's Lycidas, and of the Odes of Gray? Who re-
member that he has scarce mentioned the Fables of Dryden, and
that he has hardly conferred even a cold extorted praise on the Ode
to the Passions, by Collins? Who must admit, that, among the
modern poets who have pretensions to excellence in that art, there
are but two, except his favorite Pope, to whose merits he has done.
any tolerable justice? These are Thomson and Young: of whom
he has spoken, of one with noble and discriminative praise; and
the poetical character of the other he has celebrated with a warm
and happy splendor of eloquence, which is perhaps the finest pas-
gage in all the efforts of his pen.”—xli,, et infra, and Ivii.
Read another article on Johnson, by Sir S. E. Brydges,
in his Imaginative Biography, vol. ii. 251.
"Wherever understanding alone is sufficient for poetical criticism,
the decisions of Johnson are generally right. But the beauties of
poetry must be felt before their causes are investigated. There is
à poetical sensibility, which in the progress of the mind becomes
as distinct a power as a musical ear or a picturesque eye. Without
a considerable degree of this sensibility, it is as vain for a man of
the greatest understanding to speak of the higher beauties of
poetry, as it is for a blind man to speak of colours. To adopt the
warmest sentiments of poetry, to realize its boldest imagery, to
yield to every impulse of enthusiasm, to submit to the illusions of
fancy, to retire with the poet into his ideal worlds, were dispositions
wholly foreign from the worldly sagacity and stern shrewdness of
Johnson. As in his judgment of life and character, so in his criti-
cism on poetry, he was a sort of Freethinker. He suspected the
refined of affectation, he rejected the enthusiastic as absurd, and
he took it for granted that the mysterious was unintelligible. Ho
came into the world when the school of Dryden and Pope gave the
law to English poetry. In that school he had himself learned to
be a lofty and vigorous declaimer in harmonious verse; beyond!
that school his unforced admiration perhaps scarcely soared: and
his highest effort of criticism was accordingly the noble panegyric
on Dryden. His criticism owed its popularity as much to its defects
as to its excellencies. It was on a level with the majority of readers,
persons of good sense and information, but of no exquisite sensi
from the very narrowness which excluded those grander efforts of
bility.--and to their minds it derived a false appearance of solidity
imagination to which Aristotle and Bacon confined the name of
poetry."-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: Memoirs of his Life and Writings,
Lon.. 1835. 2 vols. Svo.
See also his Review of Rogers's Poems, in his Works,
1854, vol. ii. 505–506.
"Johnson seems to have conceived, like Milton, a theory that good
writing, at least in verse, is never either to follow the change of
fashion, or to sink into familiar phrase, and that any deviation from
this rigour should be branded as low and colloquial.”—Hallam's ·
Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, iii. 486.
·
"Johnson strips many a leaf from every laurel; still, Johnson's
is the finest critical work extant, and can never be read without
instruction and delight. . . . The opinions of that truly great man,
whom it is also the present fashion to decry, will ever be received
by me with that deference which time will restore to him from all."
—Lord ByrON.
"One of his most pleasing as well as most popular works, The
Lives of the British Poets, which he executed with a degree of cri-
tical force and talent which has seldom been concentrated."-SIR
WALTER SCOTT: Life of Samuel Johnson.
Sir Archibald Alison remarks that few now read
"The Lives of the Poets, interesting as they are, and admirable
as are the criticisms on our greatest authors which they contain."
-Essays, 1850, iii. 392.
The merit of this work is very great, whether we regard the
matter or the style; for the composition is far more easy and na-
tural, far less pompous and stately, and the diction both more pic-
turesque and more simple, than in any other of his writings. Tho
measured period, the balance of sentences, and the diffusiveness
arising from this desire of symmetry, is still in a good degree re
tained; but it is far less constant, and therefore palls less on the
appetite, than in any of his former works."-LORD BROUGHAM: Lives
of Men of Letters, dc.
“Johnson decided literary questions like a lawyer, not like a legis-
lator. He never examined foundations where a point was already
ruled. His whole code of criticism rested on pure assumption, for
which he sometimes quoted a precedent or an authority, but rarely
troubled himself to give a reason drawn from the nature of things.
He took it for granted that the kind of poetry which flourished ir
his own time, which he had been accustomed to hear praised frea
his childhood, and which he had himself written with success, was
the best kind of poetry. . . . The judgments which Johnson passed
on books were in his own time regarded with superstitious vene-
ration, and in our time are generally treated with indiscriminate
contempt."-T. B. MACAULAY: Crit, and Hist. Essays, Lon., 1854, i,
300, 392: from the Edin. Rev., Sept. 1831.
The incorrectness of this assertion must be obvious to
the reader who has perused the opinions just quoted; and
it is easy for us to add to the evidence already presented
of Mr. Macaulay's very grave error. As regards ourselves,
we profess to fairly present each, but to embrace neither,
side of these literary controversies.
The opinion of Christopher North will doubtless huve
great weight with many readers:
M
NORTH: Johnson's mind was a furnace: it reduced every thing
to its elements. We have no truly great critical intellect since his
time.'
“BULLER: "What would he have thought of our modern re-
viewers?'
"NORTH: Why, not one of the tribe would have dared to cry
mew, had he been alive. The terror of him would have kept them
as mum as mice when there's a cat in the room. If he had detected
such a thing as Jeffrey astir, he would have cracked every bone in
his body with one worry?'
"BULLER: 'I can believe it all. Even Gifford would have been
annihilated.'
" "1
"NORTH: "Like an ill-natured pug-dog flung into a lion's cage.'
-Noctes Ambrosianæ, April, 1822.
"He had his prejudices, and his partialities, and his bigotrics, and
his blindnesses, but on the same fruit-tree you see shrivelled pears
or apples on the same branch with jargonelles or golden pippins
worthy of Paradise. ... Show me the critique that beats his on
worthy of Paradise.
Pope and on Dryden,―nay, even on Milton; and hang me if you
may not read his Essay on Shakspeare even after having read
Charles Lamb or heard Coleridge, with increased admiration of the
powers of all three, and of their insight through different avenues,
and, as it might seem, almost with different bodily and mental
organs, into Shakspeare's 'old exhausted' and his new imagined
976
JOH
JOH
worlds.' He was a critic and a moralist who would have been
wholly wise had he not been partly constitutionally insane."
CHRISTOPHER NORTH: Noctes Ambrosiani, April, 1829.
"There is an amiable desire shown to give merit its reward; nor
do the author's prejudices interfere with this just course, except in
a very few instances of political feelings warping his judgment, or
indignation at impiety blinding him to literary excellence, or of
admiration for religious purity giving slender merits an exaggerated
value in his eyes. The justness of his taste may be in all other
cases admitted; great critical acuteness is everywhere exercised;
extensive reading of ancient and modern poetry is shown; and occa-
sionally philosophical subjects are handled with considerable hap-
piness both of thought and of illustration.”—LORD BROUGHAM: Lives
of Men of Letters, dc.
"Johnson has himself done great good by exposing great faults
in great authors. His criticism on Milton's highest work is the most
valuable of all his writings. He seldom is erroneous in his cen-
sures, but he never is sufliciently excited to admiration of what is
purest and highest in poetry."-W. SAVAGE Landor.
In another part of his writings, Landor concurs in a
censure frequently urged against Johnson of injustice to
Milton on account of party prejudices. This subject must
be glanced at before we leave our theme.
"Dr. Johnson's Lives of the Poets are necessarily a prominent
ornament of every library, as they have been the common theme
of admiration of all countries. The style and the reflections are
the chief charm of this popular work. Many of the facts must be
cautiously admitted. Not that Johnson designedly falsified; but
he always wanted time, diligence, and patience in the collection of
his materials; and he rejoiced to find the fact as he wished to find
it, without sufficiently weighing it in the balance of impartiality.
He hugged every thing which he thought might throw a shade on
a republican, a whig, or a dissenter, and spared no pains in exe
cuting such a picture in his most powerful and overwhelming
colours."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 521, n.
We shall now introduce some brief extracts from the
graceful pen of the distinguished author of the History
of Ferdinand and Isabella:
"Johnson's work, as every one knows, is conducted on the most
capricious and irregular plan. . . . Besides these defects of plan,
the critic was certainly deficient in sensibility to the more delicate,
the minor beauties of poetic sentiment. He analyzes verse in the
cold-blooded spirit of a chemist, until all the aroma which consti-
tuted its principal charm escapes in the decomposition. By this
kind of process, some of the finest fancies of the Muse, the lofty
dithyrambics of Gray, the ethereal effusions of Collins, and of
Milton too, are rendered sufficiently vapid."
This accomplished critic proceeds to point out what he
esteems to be defects in the Doctor's taste in composition,
and the graver objections to his work arising from the
effects of religious and political prejudices, and then con-
tinues:
"With all this, there is no one of the works of this great and
good man in which he has displayed more of the strength of his
mighty intellect, shown a more pure and masculine morality, more
sound principles of criticism in the abstract, and more acute deli-
neation of character, and more gorgeous splendour of diction."
Johnson's Life of Milton, however, does not escape Mr.
Prescott's severe animadversions:
"A production more discreditable to the author is not to be
found in the whole of his voluminous works; equally discreditable,
whether regarded in an historical light or as a sample of literary
criticism. .. His life of Milton is a humiliating testimony of the
power of political and religions prejudices to warp a great and good
mind from the standard of truth, in the estimation not merely of
contemporary excellence, but of the great of other years, over
whose frailties Time might be supposed to have drawn his friendly
mantle.”—Prescott's Miscellanies, ed. 1855, 247, 248, 277, 278, and
in North Amer. Review for October, 1839.
John Foster warms with equal indignation at the same
theme:
•
"There are parts of the Lives of the Poets which every lover of
literary or moral justice would be glad to see stamped with an in-
delible brand of reprobation, with a disgrace so signal and perspi-
cuous as to be a perpetual warning against the perversion of criti-
cism and private history by political and religious bigotry and
personal spleen."-Criticism on the English Poets: Foster's Essays,
Lon., 1856, i. 145, and in Eclec. Rev.. March, 1808.
Foster then proceeds to specify the instances of Milton
and Gray: he is eloquent, and we would fain quote more
of his flowing rhetoric; but this must not be.
Even Dr. Drake, one of Johnson's warmest admirers,
does not venture to enter a plea of "Not Guilty" on John-
son's behalf:
Dr. Channing is more lenient to Johnson thau many of
Milton's apologists are disposed to be:
"We could find no pleasure in sacrificing one great man to the
manes of another. He did not and he could not appreciate
Milton. We doubt whether two other minds, having so little in
common as those of which we are speaking, can be found in the
higher walks of literature. Johnson was great in his own sphere,
but that sphere was comparatively of the earth,' while Milton's
was only inferior to that of angels. It was customary, in the day
of Johnson's glory, to call him a giant, to class him with a mighty
but still an earth-born race. Milton we should rank aniong
scraphs."
•
"No man can entertain a higher idea of Johnson's intellectual
powers, as a lexicographer, a teacher, and a moralist, than myself;
but poetical criticism was not his province; and though in point of
style his Lives be superior, perhaps, to any of his preceding com-
positions, they are infinitely inore disgraced by the inexorable par- |
tialities of the man.”—Drake's Literary Hours, vol. i. 22.
Cumberland, Johnson's old friend, writing long after the
Doctor's death, is disposed to treat the indignant outery
elicited by these strictures of the latter with very little
respect:
“He was an acute and able critic: the enthusiastic admirers of
Milton and the friends of Gray will have something to complain
of, but criticism is a task which no man executes to all men's satis-
faction. . . . A work of merit, which abounds in beauties far more
♫ʊminent than its defects, and much more pleasing to contemplate.”
—imberland's Memoirs: Samuel Johnson.
...
Channing proceeds in this truly-cloquent strain for some
lines, and then applies the contrast to the reader's own
judgment, by demanding,
"How could Johnson be just to Milton?"-Remarks on the Cha-
racter and Writings of John Milton.
Johnson here escapes far more easily than he generally
does when arraigned for this oft-urged offence, and this
mitigation of punishment will be demurred at by many
of the champions of the immortal Milton. But we have
a higher defence to plead, (or rather to adduce, for we plead
nothing on either side;) nothing less than an entire ac-
quittal of the alleged culprit:
"That he had strong prepossessions against Milton's political
opinions cannot be doubted: but it is extremely incorrect to affirm.
as has been too generally affirmed, that this feeling made him unfair
to that great poet's merits. No one can read his criticism on Para-
in some respects on an equal, if not a higher, level. The praise
dise Lost, without perceiving that he places it next to the Iliad, and
of it in The Rambler is equally ample. His objections are not at
equally just, it is certain that, except to the Lycidas, he shows no
all groundless; and, although to the lesser pieces he may not be
very marked unfairness, while, in observing the faults of the others,
he largely commemorates their beauties."-LORD BROUGHAM: Lives
of Men of Letters, dc.
As regards the literary merits of Johnson's review of
PARADISE LOST, perhaps many scholars, of all classes of
opinions, will acknowledge a participation, to some extent,
in the enthusiasm which animates the glowing eulogy of
Dibdin:
"Who that reads Johnson's criticisms on certain portions of the
Paradise Lost is not convinced that he is reading one of the most
masterly performances of the human intellect? exhibiting an ex-
tent and power of conception-a vigour and felicity of diction-
such as one knows not where to find equalled in any modern pro
duction."-Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 521.
Before leaving this part of our subject we must not omit
to notice an edit. recently issued (Lon., 1854, 3 vols. Svo)
of Johnson's Lives of the British Poets, with Notes, cor-
rective and explanatory, by Peter Cunningham. This the
collector of a "Johnsonian Library" must immediately
procure. A new impression of Hazlitt's ed. of the Lives
of the Poets was also pub., Lon., 1854, 4 vols. fp. Svo.
We may add that he will find a valuable guide to John-
soniana in the list furnished by Lowndes (containing about
sixty books) in the Bibliographer's Manual, 1032-1033.
See also Index to Blackw. Mag., vols. i.-l.
5. DR. JOHNSON'S STYLE OF COMPOSITION.
In this department of our subject also we shall have
something to produce on both sides of the question :
"To Johnson may be attributed the establishment of our present
refinement, and it is with truth he observes of his Rambler, · That
he had laboured to refine our language to grammatical purity, and
to clear it from colloquial barbarisms, licentious idioms, and irre-
gular combinations, and that he has added to the elegance of its
construction and to the harmony of its cadence.””—Disraeli's Miscell.
of Lit.; Style; ed. Lon., 1840, 7.
"Junius and Johnson were the first who again familiarized us
with more glowing and sonorous diction, and made us feel the
tameness and poorness of the serious style of Addison and Swift."
-LORD JEFFREY: Contrib. to the Edin. Rev., Lon., 1853, 77, and in
Edin. Rev., Sept. 1816.
We know not where we can better quote Lord Jeffrey's
description of Johnson as "that great master of reason,'
(Edin. Rev., xv. 175,) and Sir Archibald Alison's assertion
(Hist. of Europe, 1789-1815, chap. Ix.) that Dr. Johnson
was "the strongest intellect and the most profound ob-
server of the eighteenth century."
""
"The distinguishing excellence of Johnson's manner, both in
speaking and writing, consists in the apt and lively illustrations by
example with which, in his vigorous sallies, he enforces his just and
acute remarks on human life and manners, in all their modes and
representations; the character and charm of his style, in a happy
choice of dignified and appropriate expressions, and that masterly
involution of phrase by which he contrives to bolt the prominent
idea strongly on the mind.”—Green's Diary of a Lover of Lil.,
Ipswich. 1810, 9-10.
"At length rose the Colossus of English Philology, SAMUEL JOHN-
SON, having secretly and unremittingly formed his style upon the
basis of that of Sir Thomas Browne,- name in every respect to be
held in grateful remembrance. But Johnson, as a philologist, is
almost an original; and doubtless among the very foremost in the
ranks of the literature of his country. And yet, I know not how
it is, but as years creep on we do not read his pages with that de-
voted enthusiasm which we did in our college days: for where is
the man who, having turned his thirtieth year, peruses either
Rasselas or the Rambler?"-Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 617-618
62
977
JOII
JOH
"His writings will live forever, still more and more studied and ¦
admired, while Britons shall continue to be characterized by a love
of elegance and sublimity, of good sense and virtue."-BISHOP
HORNE.
"Johnson's first style was naturally energetic; his middle style
vas turgid to a fault; his latter style was softened down and har-
monized into periods more tuneful and more intelligible."—Cum-
verland's Memoirs.
"A love of hard and learned words prevailed throughout; and a
fondness for balanced periods was its special characteristic. But
there was often great felicity in the expression, occasionally a pleas-
ing cadence in the rhythm, generally an epigrammatic turn in the
language, as well as in the idea. Even where the workmanship
seemed most to surpass the material, and the word-craft to be exer-
cised needlessly and the diction to run to waste, there was never
any feebleness to complain of, and always something of skill and
effect to admire. The charm of nature was ever wanting, but the
presence of great art was undeniable. Nothing was seen of the
careless aspect which the highest of artists ever give their master-
pieces, the produce of elaborate but concealed pains; yet the strong
hand of an able workman was always marked, and it was observed,
too, that he had disdained to hide from us the far less labour which
he had much more easily bestowed. There is no denying that some
of Johnson's works, from the meagreness of the material and the
regularity of the monotonous style, are exceedingly little adapted
to reading. They are flimsy, and they are dull; they are pompous,
and, though full of undeniable-indeed, self-evident-truths, they are
somewhat empty; they are, moreover, wrapped up in a style so
disproportioned in its importance, that the perusal becomes very
tiresome, and is soon given up. This character belongs more espe-
cially to the Rambler, the object of such unmeasured praises among
his followers, and from which he derived the title of the Great
Moralist."-LORD BROUGHAM: Lives of Men of Letters, dc.
The reader will find a continuation of his lordship's re-
marks in our notice of the Rambler in a preceding page.
The noble critic places the Life of Cowley at "the head
of all" the author's writings, and (as we have already in-
timated) considers the review of Soame Jenyns's Inquiry
into the Origin of Evil "one of his happiest perform-
ances."
6.
The third period (in the progress of English style] may be
called the Rhetorical, and is distinguished by the prevalence of a
school of writers of which Johnson was the founder. The funda-
mental character of this style is that it employs undisguised art
where classical writers appear only to obey the impulse of a culti-
vated and adorned nature...
·
"As the mind of Johnson was robust, but neither nimble nor
graceful, so his style, though sometimes significant, nervous, and
even majestic, was void of all grace and ease; and, being the most
unlike of all styles to the natural effusion of a cultivated mind,
had the least pretensions to the praise of eloquence. During the
period, now near a close, in which he was a favourite model, a stiff
symmetry and tedious monotony succeeded to that various music
with which the taste of Addison diversified his periods, and to that
natural imagery which his beautiful genius seemed, with graceful
negligence, to scatter over his composition."-SIR JAMES MACKIN-
TOSH: Memoirs of his Life, 1835, 2 vols. Svo.
"What most distinguishes Dr. Johnson from other writers is
the pomp and uniformity of his style. All his periods are cast in
the same mould, are of the same size and shape, and, consequently,
have little fitness to the variety of things he professes to treat of.
His subjects are familiar, but the author is always upon stilts. He
has neither case nor simplicity, and his efforts at playfulness in
part remind one of the lines in Milton:
"No man," remarks one of the greatest masters of the English
tongue, "contemplates with greater tenderness than we do the
frailties of Dr. Johnson; none respects more the sound parts of his
moral system, or admires more the vigor of the elephantine step
with which he sometimes tramples down insolent error and pre-
sumptuous sophistry. But let no young man who wishes to learn
to write well study his style."-EDWARD EVERETT: N. Amer. Rev.,
xli. 3-4.
"The elephant
To make them sport wreathed his proboscis lithe."
Huzlilt on the Periodical Essayist.
"All his books are written in a learned language; in a language
which nobody hears from his mother or his nurse; in a language
in which nobody ever quarrels, or drives bargains, or makes love;
in a language in which nobody ever thinks. . . . Mannerism is
pardonable, and is sometimes even agreeable, when the manner,
though vicious, is natural. Few readers, for example, would be
willing to part with the mannerism of Milton or Burke. But a
mannerism which does not sit easy on the mannerist-which has
een adopted on principle, and which can be sustained only by
constant effort is always offensive. And such is the mannerism
of Johnson."-T. B. MACAULAY: Crit. and Hist. Essays, Lon., 1854,
i. 398-399; and in Edin. Rev., Sept. 1831.
"The Doctor's taste in composition,' remarks Mr. Prescott, in
his notice of Johnson's Lives of the Poets, just quoted from, “to
judge from his own style, was not of the highest order. It was a
style, indeed, of extraordinary power, suited to the expression of
his original thinking, bold, vigorous, and glowing with all the
lustre of polished antithesis. But the brilliancy is cold, and the
ornaments are much too florid and overcharged for a graceful
effect.”—Miscellanies, 1855, 248.
It was formerly greatly the fashion to copy, or to en-
deavour to copy, the "Johnsonian style." Mr. Macaulay
declared (review of Croker's Boswell, Edin. Rev., Sept.
1831) that Johnson's "peculiarities have been imitated
by his admirers, and parodied by his assailants, till the
public has become sick of the subject."
A critic in the same periodical (for Oct. 1850) remarks
that
"It is not easy for those who have not inspected contempo
raneous literature, — especially its second-rato productions, — to
conceive to what an extent Johnson's style was imitated by his
admirers."-Vol. xcii. 333.
Sir James Mackintosh observes, as late as 1831, that
"From the corruptions introduced by Dr. Johnson, English style
was only then recovering.”
Disraeli says:
"Such was the influence of the elaborate novelty of Johnson,
that every writer in every class servilely copied the Latinized
style, ludicrously mimicking the contortions and re-echoing the
sonorous nothings, of our great lexicographer. The novelist of
domestic life, or the agriculturist in a treatise on turnips, alike
aimed at the polysyllabic force and the cadenced period. Such
was the condition of English style for more than twenty years.”—
Miscell. of Lit.: Style; ed. Lon., 1840, 8.
*C
At present," says Hazlitt, in his Sixth Lecture on the English
Poets, delivered at the Surrey Institution in 1818, "we cannot see a
lottery-puff or a quack advertisement pasted against a wall, that is
not perfectly Johnsonian in style."
"His brilliant style," says Mr. Prescott, "has been the imitation
of every schoolboy, and of some children of larger growth, since
the days of the Rambler. But the nearer they come to it the
worse. The beautiful is turned into the fantastic, and the sublime
into the ridiculous.”—Miscellanies, 1855, 271–272, and`in N. Amer.
Review, Oct. 1839.
Dr. Southey regarded these imitators with as little
complacency. "Look," he exclaims, in a letter to Henry
Taylor, Dec. 31, 1825, "at the imitations of Gibbon and
Johnson!"
The too frequent use of words derived from the Latin.
and Greck is often alleged against Johnson's composi-
tions, and, we think, with reason. But the objector often
carries his charge too far. The use of such derivatives
in moderation and with propriety is to be encouraged
rather than censured. Those who display their ignorance
of the language. by
by accusing Johnson of word-making
will have to revive their knowledge of early English vʊ-
cabularies. Let those who are so fond of Anglo-Saxon
"undefiled" amuse themselves occasionally with a page
or two of Aldhelm, Ceolfrid of Wearmouth, or Felix of
Croyland. Let them read to their families, for weekday
entertainment, King Alfred's Orosius, and wind up the
devotions of the Sabbath with the royal translator's
Psalms of David, or the good Alfric's Paschal Homily.
6. DR. JOHNSON'S APPEARANCE, MANNERS, AND CON-
VERSATION.
To James Boswell, the famous biographer of Johnson,
our acknowledgments have already been made in the ar-
ticle devoted to the consideration of his literary charac-
ter. The reader will there find many tributes to the merits
of a work which can never lose its popularity, and will
always keep fresh in the minds of men the characters of
the author and his illustrious subject. Boswell's account
of his first interview with the formidable lexicographer is
too amusing to be omitted. It occurred in the back-par-
lour of Tom Davies, the actor and bookseller, (celebrated
for his learning and his bandsome wife,) whom we have
already registered on the 482d page of this Dictionary.
•
"Mr. Davies recollected several of Jolinson's remarkable sayings,
and was one of the best of the many imitators of his voice and
manner while relating them. He increased my impatience more and
more to see the extraordinary man whose works I highly valued,
and whose conversation was reported to be so peculiarly excellent.
"At last, on Monday, the 16th of May, [1763,] when I was sitting
in Mr. Davies's back-parlour, after having drunk tea with him and
Mrs. Davies, Johnson unexpectedly came into the shop; and Mr.
Davies having perceived him through the glass door in the room
in which we were sitting advancing towards us, he announced his
awful approach to me, somewhat in the manner of an actor in the
part of Horatio, when he addresses Hamlet on the appearance of
his father's ghost: Look, my lord, it comes! I found that I had
a very perfect idea of Johnson's figure, from the portrait painted
of him by Sir Joshua Reynolds after he had published his Diction-
ary, in the attitude of sitting in his easy-chair in deep meditation;
which was the first picture his friend did for him, which Sir Joshua
very kindly presented to me, and from which an engraving bas
been made for this work. Mr. Davies mentioned my name, and
respectfully introduced me to him. I was much agitated, and,
recollecting his prejudice against the Scotch, of which I had heard
much, I said to Davies, Don't tell where I came from.' 'From
Scotland,' cried Davies, rogueishly. Mr. Johnson,' said I, ‘I do
indeed come from Scotland, but I cannot help it.' I am willing to
flatter myself that I meant this as light pleasantry to soothe and
conciliate him, and not as a humiliating abasement at the expense
of my country. But, however that night be, this speech was
somewhat unlucky; for, with that quickness of wit for which he
was so remarkable, he seized the expression come from Scotland.'
which I used in the sense of being of that country, and, as if I had
is what a very great many of your countrymen cannot help.' This
said that I had come away from it or left it, retorted, "That, sir, I find
stroke stunned me a good deal; and, when we had sat down, I felt
myself not a little embarrassed. and apprehensive of what might
come next. He then addressed himself to Davies: What do you
think of Garrick? He has refused me an order for the play for
Miss Williams, because he knows the house will be full, and that
an order will be worth three shillings.' Eager to take any opening
to get into conversation with him, I ventured to say, 'O sir, I cau
973
JOH
JOII
not think Mr. Garrick would grudge such a trifle to yon.' 'Sir,'
said he, with a stern look, I have known David Garrick longer
than you have done; and I know no right you have to talk to me
on the subject.' Perhaps I deserved this check; for it was rather
presumptuous in me, an entire stranger, to express any doubt of
the justice of his animadversion upon his old acquaintance and
pupil. I now felt myself much mortified, and began to think that
the hope I had long indulged of obtaining his acquaintance was
blasted. And, in truth, had not my ardour been uncommonly
strong and my resolution uncommonly persevering, so rough a
reception might have deterred me forever from making any fur-
ther attempts. Fortunately, however, I remained upon the field,
not wholly discomfited, and was soon rewarded by hearing some
of his conversation, of which I preserved the following short mi-
nute. without marking the questions and observations by which it
was produced.”—Boswell's Life of Johnson, Croker's ed., Lon., 1848,
r. 8vo, 133-134. See the note to p. 133 for a vindication of Garrick,
or rather, for evidence of his liberality.
The acquaintance thus commenced was sedulously cul-
tivated by Boswell; and until his great friend's demise,
more than twenty years after this first interview,
"The worship of Johnson was his grand, ideal, voluntary busi-
ness. Does not the frothy-hearted yet enthusiastic man, doffing his
advocate's wig, regularly take post, and hurry up to London, for
the sake of his sage chiefly, as to a Feast of Tabernacles. the Sab-
bath of his whole year?”—Carlyle's Review of Boswell's Johnson,
How faithfully he did service in embalming the drop-
pings of wisdom which fell from those revered lips, we
have many evidences, and none more amusing than that
related by Miss Burney:
“When in that presence,” says the fair narrator, “he was unob-
servant, if not contemptuous, of every one else. In truth, when he
met with Dr. Johnson, he commonly forbore even answering any
thing that was said, or attending to any thing that went forward,
lest he should miss the smallest sound from that voice to which he
paid such exclusive though merited homage. But the moment that
voice burst forth, the effect which it excited on Mr. Boswell
amounted almost to pain. His eyes goggled with eagerness; he
leant his ear almost on the shoulder of the doctor, and his mouth
dropped open to catch every syllable that might be uttered; nay,
he seemed not only to dread losing a word, but to be anxious not
to miss a breathing; as if hoping from it latently, or mystically,
some information.”
tion the faithfulness of the artist after reading some of
Boswell's Letters to the Rev. W. J. Temple, just brought
to light in a most remarkable manner, (if we are to believe
the story,) and pub. in 1857. See reviews of these Letters
in Edin. Rev., April, 1857; Lon. Gent. Mag., Feb., 1857;
Lon. Athenæum, Dec. 27, 1856; the Spectator, Times, &c.
But really we think Mr. Macaulay is here guilty of some-
thing which borders on caricature: Boswell was certainly
not quite such a born and perennial fool as his critic makes
him appear. Schlosser is disposed to ridicule the avidity
with which the English devour
“Those oracular sayings which Boswell has collected as if they
were pearls and diamonds. Boswell has by far outstripped the col-
which refer to Gothe, and the English have, as thankfully and with
lectors of all the trifles. personal anecdotes, and miserable nothings
as much curiosity, swallowed every triviality about this much-ad-
mired and worshipped critic and artist in taste and literature, as the
Germans every trifling anecdote about their greatest poet and prose
writer.”—Schlos:er's Hist. of the Eighteenth Cent., dc., Davison's
Trans., Lon., 1844. vol. ii. GS.
This is an admirably-drawn portrait, and, unfortunately
for the subject, those who have been inclined to think it
too highly coloured will perhaps be less disposed to ques- i
-
But who can marvel that all who love the English tongne
and English Republic of Letters are in love with this ini-
mitable biography, when it must be admitted that—to quote
the language of one of the greatest of modern writers-
Considering the eminent persons to whom Boswell's Life of
Johnson relates, the quantity of miscellaneous information and en-
tertaining gossip which it brings together, it may be termed, with-
out exception, the best parlour-table book that ever was written.”
-SIR WALTER SCOTT.
L
But we are forgetting to give some description of the
APPEARANCE of the great man, as promised in our last
beading. Miss Burney's pencil shall be again called to
our aid:
The great man was not so much conciliated by this ex-
traordinary deference as to always endure Boswell's curio-
sity tamely. On one occasion, when Boswell had been for
some time persisting in questioning him with, What did
you do, sir?"
"What did you say, sir?" &c., Johnson at
last lost all patience, and exclaimed, "I will not be put to
the question, sir! Do you not consider, sir, that these are
not the manners of a gentleman? I will not be baited
with what and why. What is this?
What is this? What is that? Why
is a cow's tail long? Why is a fox's tail bushy?" "Why,
sir," pleaded Boswell, "you are so good that I venture to
trouble you." "Sir," rejoined Johnson, "my being so
good is no reason why you should be so ill."
Mr. Macaulay's portrait of Boswell is not the most flat-
tering in the world:
“He was, if we are to give any credit to his own account or to
the united testimony of all who knew him, a man of the meanest
and feeblest intellect. Johnson described him as a fellow who had
missed his only chance of immortality by not having been alive
when the Dunciad was written. Beauclerk used his name as a
proverbial expression for a bore. He was the laughing-stock of the
whole of that brilliant society which has owed to him the greater
part of its fame. . . . Every thing which another would have hid-
den, every thing the publication of which would have made another
man hang himself, was matter of gay and clamorous exultation to
his weak and diseased mind. What silly things he said, what bitter
retorts he provoked, how at one place he was troubled with evil
presentiments which came to nothing, how at another place, on
waking from a drunken doze, he read the Prayer-Book and took a
hair of the dog that had bitten him. how he went to see men hanged
and came away maudlin, how he added five hundred pounds to the
fortune of one of his babies because he was not scared at Johnson's
ugly face. . . . how his father, and the very wife of his bosom,
laughed and fretted at his fooleries,-all these things he proclaimed
to all the world, as if they had been subjects for pride and osten-
tatious rejoicing. All the caprices of his temper, all the illusions
of his vanity, all his hypochondriac whimsies, all his castles in the
air, he displayed with a cool self-complacency, a perfect unconscious-tertained,
ness that he was making a fool of himself. to which it is impossible
to find a parallel in the whole history of mankind. He has used
many people ill; but assuredly he has used nobody so ill as him-
self.... Of all the talents which ordinarily raise men to eminence
as writers, Boswell had absolutely none. There is not in all his books
a single remark of his own on literature, politics, religion, or society,
which is not either commonplace or absurd. His dissertations on
hereditary gentility, on the slave-trade, and on the entailing of
landed estates, may serve as examples. To say that these passages
are sophistical would be to pay them an extravagant compliment.
They have no pretence to argument or even to meaning. He has
reported innumerable observations made by himself in the course
of conversation. Of these observations we do not remember one
which is above the intellectual capacity of a boy of fifteen. He
has printed many of his own letters, and in these letters he is always
ranting or twaddling."-Essays, 1854, i. 370, 371,,372, 373.
"He is, indeed, very ill-favoured! Yet he has naturally a noble
figure-tall. stout, grand, and authoritative: but he stoops horribly;
his back is quite round; his mouth is continually opening and
shutting, as if he were chewing something: he has a singular
method of twirling his fingers and wisting his hands: his vast
body is in constant agitation, see-sawing packwards and forwards;
his feet are never a moment quiet, and his whole great person
looked often as if it were going to roll itself, quite voluntarily, from
its chair to the floor."
Perhaps no one has better described the dress of this
strange-looking giant than the famous satirical poet of the
day:
"Methinks I view his full, plain suit of brown,
The large grey bushy wig, that graced his crown;
Black worsted stockings, little silver buckles.
And shirt, that had no ruffles for his knuckles.
I mark the brown greatcoat of cloth he wore,
That two huge Patagonian pockets bore.
Which Patagonians (wondrous to unfold!)
Would fairly both his Dictionaries hold."-PETER PINDAR.
We shall have more to quote respecting Johnson's ap-
pearance before we have finished this article. Let us now
turn to his CONVERSATION, in the descriptions of which
his MANNERS will, of course, come more or less under
notice! In our introductory quotation, indeed, (from Miss
Burney.) Johnson's manners, or want of manners, occupy
a prominent place.
"Boswell's Life of Johnson has given a wrong impression of him
in some respects. When we see four large volumes written upon
man's conversation, through a period of forty years, and his remarks
alone set down. of all those made at the time, we naturally take
the idea that Johnson was the central point of society for all that
period. The truth is, he never was in good society,—at least in those
circles where men of letters mix with the fashionable world. Ilis
brutal, intolerant manners excluded him from it, of course. He
met good society, to-be-sure, at the Literary Club and at Sir Joshua
Reynolds's. Gibbon was asked why he did not talk more in the
of snuff, I have no pretensions to the ability of contending with
presence of Dr. Johnson. 'Sir,' replied the historian, taking a pinch
Dr. Johnson in brutality and insolence."-Sir James Markintosh's
Conversations with Alexander H. Everett: N. Amer. Rev., xxxv.
415–46, n.
Yet, notwithstanding the apparent severity of these
strictures, no one had a higher opinion of Johnson's con-
versational abilities and moral worth than Sir James eu-
as we shall show on a future page.
Johnson himself had a satisfactory way of accounting
for the absence of invitations to the tables of the great.
"Lords and ladies," he remarked, "don't like to have their
mouths stopped." But the truth is, as Lord Brougham
very correctly remarks,
"That in those days no one was, generally speaking, admitted
ings or his talk, without having some access to it through his rauk
into patrician society merely for the intrinsic merits of his writ-
or his political or professional eminence.... It is equally erroneous
to suppose that Johnson's rough exterior, or his uncouth and even
unpleasant habits, could have prevented his fame and his conver-
sation from being sought after to adorn aristocratic parties in
later times. All these petty obstacles would have been easily got
over by the vanity of having such a person to show, and, indeel.
by the real interest which the display of his colloquial powers
would have possessed among a more refined and better-educated
generation.”—Låves of Men of Letters, dr.
Horace Walpole was one of the principal leaders of
979
JOH
JOH
fashion during the whole of Johnson's literary reign; and
it is certain that he would never have subjected his
aristocratic domains to the Gothic invasion of the lexico-
grapher. The portrait which he has left us of Johnson
is as little complimentary as that drawn by Sir James
Mackintosh:
"The gigantick Johnson could not be easily thrown out at win-
dow, particularly by my undersized sire; but he deserved to be
'quoited down stairs, like a shave-groat shilling;' not exactly.
perhaps, for his brutality to the boy, but for such an unprovoked
insult to the father of whose hospitalities he was partaking. This,
however, is only one among the numerous traits of grossness al-
ready promulgated, in which the Bolt Court philosopher completelv
falsified the principles of the Roman poet :
in genuas didicisse fideliter artes,
Emollit mores, nec sinit esse feros.
"After this rude rebuff from the Doctor, I had the additional
felicity to be placed next to him at dinner. He was silent over
his meal; but I observed that he was, as Shylock says of Lancelot
Gobbo, a huge feeder: and, during the display of his voracity,
(which was worthy of Boll Court.) the perspiration fell in copious
drops from his visage upon the table-cloth. The clumsiness of the
bulky animal. his strange costume, his uncouth gestures, yet the
dominion which he usurped withal, rendered his presence a phe
pic-nomenon among gentlemen: it was the incursion of a new species
of barbarian.—a learned Attila, King of the Huns, come to subju-
gate polish'd society. Oliver Goldsmith, several years before my
luckless presentation to Jolinson, proved how doctors differ?"
Read the conclusion of this anecdote on page 693 of this
Dictionary; commencing with,
•
"I was only five years old when Goldsmith took me on his knce,"
&c.
"With a lumber of learning and some strong parts," says
Horace, "Johnson was an odious and mean character. By prin-
ciple a Jacobite, arrogant, self-sufficient, and overbearing by na-
ture, ungrateful through pride, and of feminine bigotry, he had
prostituted his pen to party, even in a dictionary, and had after-
wards, for a pension, contradicted his own definitions. His man-
ners were sordid, supercilious, and brutal; his style ridiculously
bombastic and vicious; and, in one word, with all the pedantry, he
had all the gigantic_littleness, of a country schoolmaster."-Me-
moirs of the Reign of George III., vol. ii. 323.
that,
But much of the effect of the dark colours of this
ture is lost upon the reader when he remembers Johnson's
pertinacious opposition to Sir Robert Walpole's adminis-
tration; and especially his admission to Sir George
Staunton, which Horace had probably heard,
when he made parliamentary speeches for the Gentle-
man's Magazine, he “always took care to put Sir Robert
Walpole in the wrong, and to say every thing he could
against the electorate of Hanover." Johnson admitted
very frankly that he did not forget his politics when com-
posing these celebrated parliamentary speeches. When com-
mended, long afterwards, for having "dealt out reason and
eloquence with an equal hand to both parties,"
"That is
not quite true," said Johnson: "I saved appearances tole-
rably well; but I took care that the Whig dogs should not
have the best of it." With reference to Walpole's sketch
of Johnson, just quoted, we may add that the celebrated
Heroic Epistle in which Johnson is satirized was ascribed
to Walpole, and also to Mason, or to both combined.
Lord Chesterfield's description of Johnson, in a letter to
his lordship's son, will at once recur to many of our
readers. Boswell, and other contemporaneous chroni-
clers, certainly record many instances of colloquial brus-
querie-to use the mildest term-on the part of the lexi-
cographer, which could not have been altogether grateful
to the feelings of even the humblest of the great man's
Of these we had intended to quote some spe-
admirer's.
cimens, but our limited space forbids. One amusing in-
cident, however, must not be omitted. In our life of
Oliver Goldsmith we quoted George Colman's glowing
tribute to the kindness of heart and manner which so
pre-eminently distinguished that wayward son of genius.
The same excellent story-teller-certainly one of the best
of modern days-has left us the following far less flatter-
ing picture of Goldsmith's "guide, philosopher, and
friend:"
"My boyish mind had anticipated an awful impression when I
was first brought unwittingly into the presence of the stupendous
Johnson. I knew not then that he had a love for little children,'
calling them pretty dears and giving them sweetmeats,' as Bos-
well hath since, in the simplicity of his heart. narrated. It was
my hapless lot, however, to be excluded from the objects of this
propension. Perhaps, at my age, of about fourteen, I might have
been too old, or too ugly; but the idea of Johnson's carrying bon-
bons to give to children of any age is much like supposing that a
Greenland bear has a pocket stuff'd with tartlets for travellers.
|
“On the day of my introduction he was asked to dinner at my
father's house, in Soho-square, and the erudite savage came a full
hour before his time. I happened to be with my father, who was
beginning his toilette, when it was announced to him that the
Doctor had arrived. My sire, being one of the tributary princes
who did homage to this monarch, was somewhat flurried, and,
having dressed himself hastily, took me with him into the draw-
ing-room.
On our entrance we found Johnson sitting in a fauteur of rose-
coloured satin, the arms and legs of which (of the chair, remem-
bor, not of the Doctor) were of burnish'd gold, and the contrast
of the man with the seat was very striking: an unwash'd coal-
heaver in a vis-à-vis could not be much more misplaced than John-
son thus deposited. He was dress'd in a rusty suit of brown cloth
dittos, with black worsted stockings; his old yellow wig was of
formidable dimensions; and the learned head which sustained it
roll'd about in a seemingly paralytic motion, but, in the perform-
ance of its orbit, it inclined chiefly to one shoulder, whether to
the right or left I cannot now remember,—a fault never to be for-
given by certain of the Twaddleri, who think these matters of the
utmost importance. He deign'd not to rise on our entrance, and
we stood before him while he and my father talk'd. There was
Boon a pause in the colloquy; and my father, making bis advan-
tage of it, took me by the hand, and said, Doctor Johnson. this
is a little Colman.' The Doctor bestow'd a slight, ungracious
glance upon me, and, continuing the rotary motion of his head,
renew'd the previous conversation. Again there was a pause;
again the anxious father, who had fail'd in his first effort, seized
the opportunity for pushing his progeny, with, This is my son,
Doctor Johnson.' The great man's contempt for me was now
roused to great wrath; and, knitting his brows, he exclaim'd, in a
voice of thunder, 'I see him, sir!' He then fell back in his rose-
colour'd satin fauteuil, as if giving himself up to meditation, im-
plying that he would not be further plagued either with an old
fol or a young one.
•
6
"
-
No one has made a better excuse for Johnson's occa.
sional roughness, and even boorishness, than Sir Walter
Scott; and to his pages (in his Life of Johnson) we must
refer the reader:
"He was. in a word, despotic," remarks Sir Walter; "and
despotism will occasionally lead the best dispositions into an un-
becoming abuse of power. It is not likely that any one will again
enjoy, or have an opportunity of abusing, the singular degree of
submission which was rendered to Johnson by all around him."
The colloquial monarch, ruling in his "pride of place,"
has been well described by Lord Brougham:
"He loved to fill a chair, surrounded with a circle well known
to him, and ex cathedra to deliver his judgments. It cannot be
said that this was any thing like a high style of conversation. It
had nothing in it like full or free discussion; it had even little like
free interchange of sentiments or opinions. It was occasionally
enlivened by wit, oftener broken by a growl or a sncer from him,
and from him alone. But his part of it was always arrogant and
dictatorial; nor, after men's curiosity had once been gratified by
assisting at one of these talks, did any but the small number of
his familiar and admiring friends often desire to repeat the ex-
directed to the clearing up of rational doubt or the ascertaining of
periment. His talk was most commonly for victory, rather than
important truth; nor, unless upon the serious subject of religion,
and upon some of the points involved in the Whig and Tory con-
troversy, did he ever seem to care much on which side he argued,
dogmatized, laughed boisterously, or sneered rudely.”—Lives of
Men of Letters. dr.
His wonderful conversational abilities have been the
theme of unceasing eulogy from this day to our own, and
cannot fail to excite the admiration of our latest successors.
"When animated by the cheering attention of friends whom he
liked, he would give full scope to those talents for narration. in
which I verily think he was unrivalled both in the brilliancy of his
wit, the flow of his humour, and the energy of his language.”—
Cumberland's Memoirs.
"I do not care on what subject Johnson talks, but I love better
to hear him talk than anybody: he either gives you new thoughts
or a new colouring."-ORME. the historian of India.
6
"The most triumphant record of the talents and character of
Johnson is to be found in Boswell's Life of him. The man was su-
perior to the author. When he laid aside his pen, which he regarded
as an encumbrance, he became not only learned and thoughtful,
but acute. witty, humorous, natural, honest, hearty, and deter-
mined; the king of good fellows and wale of old men.' There are
as many smart repartees, profound remarks, and keen invectives.
to be found in Boswell's inventory of all he said,' as are recorded
of any celebrated man. The life and dramatic play of his conver-
sation forms a contrast to his written works. His natural powers
and disguised opinions were called out in convivial intercourse.
in public he practised with the foils: in private he unsheathed the
sword of controversy, and it was the Ebro's temper.”—Hazlitt on
the Periodical Essayists.
"There was a pith about old Samuel which nothing could stand
up against. His influence was not so much that of an author as a
thinker. He was the most powerful intellect in the world of books.
He was the Jackson of the literary ring-the judge-the emperor
-a giant-acknowledged to be a Saul amongst the people. Even
David Hume would have been like a woman in his grasp; but, odd
enough, the two never met."-CHRISTOPHER North: Noctes Ambro-
sign, April 2, 1822.
"Boswell's Life of Johnson is so replete with the sayings and
thoughts of the intellectual giant, whom it was so much his object
to elevate, even above his natural Patagonian stature, that it may
be regarded as a sort of autobiography, dictated by the sage, in his
moments of abandon, to his devout worshipper. It is not going too
far to say that it is among the most popular books in the English
language. Johnson's reputation now mainly rests on that bio-
graphy."-SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON: Essays, 1850, iii. 392; and in
Blackw. Mag., Sept. 1849.
"Johnson, as Mr. Burke most justly observed, appears far greater
in Boswell's books than in his own. His conversation appears to
have been quite equal to his writings in matter, and far superior to
them in manner. When he talked, he clothed his wit and his sense
in forcible and natural expressions. As soon as he took his pen in
hand to write for the public, his style became systematically vicious.
The reputation of those writings which he probably expected
to be immortal is every day fading; while those peculiarit es of
·
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JOII
manner, and that careless table-talk, the memory of which, he pro-
bably thought, would die with him, are likely to be remembered as
long as the English language is spoken in any quarter of the globe.”
-T. B. MACAULAY: Essays, 1854, iii. 398, 101; and in Edin. Rev.,
Sept. 1831.
•
How much is Johnson raised in our estimation, not only as to
intellect but personal character, by the industrious caves-droppings
of Boswell, setting down, day by day, in his note-book, the frag-
ments of his most loose and unweighed conversations?"-LORD
JEFFREY Essays, 1850, 900; and in Edin. Rev., Oct. 1835.
"His conversation, which was one of the most powerful instru-
ments of his extensive influence, was artificial, dogmatic, senten-
tions, and poignant; adapted, with the most admirable versatility,
to every subject as it arose, and distinguished by an almost unpa-
ralleled power of serious repartee. He seems to have considered
himself as a sort of colloquial magistrate, who inflicted severe pu-
nishment from just policy. His course of life led him to treat those
sensibilities, which such severity wounds, as fantastic and effemi-
nate; and he entered society too late to acquire those habits of
politeness which are a substitute for natural delicacy."-SIR JAMES
MACKINTOSH: Memoirs-of his Life, 1835, 2 vols. 8vo.
We have already recorded Sir James's opinion of John-
son's manners, and shall have occasion hereafter to adduce
his testimony to the general excellence of his character.
Sir Walter Scott remarks, with great truth:
"Of all the men distinguished in this or any other age, Dr. John-
son has left upon posterity the strongest and most vivid impression.
Bo far as person, manners, disposition, and conversation are con-
cerned. We do but name him, or open a book which he has written,
and the sound and action recall to the imagination. at once, his form,
his merits, his peculiarities,-nay, the very uncouthness of his ges-
tures, and the deep impressive tone of his voice. He is in our
mind's eye a personification as lively as that of Siddons in Lady
Macbeth, or Kemble in Cardinal Wolsey.”—Life of Johnson.
We give another amusing extract from Boswell's inva-
luable record, which is also quoted (not quite accurately)
by Lord Brougham, with a very appropriate introduction:
"They, however, who only saw this distinguished person once
or twice in society, were apt to form a very erroneous estimate of
his temper, which was not at all morose or sullen, but rather kindly
and sociable. He loved relaxation; he enjoyed merriment; he even
spirits were gay-pleasantry, indeed. somewhat lumbering. but
liked to indulge in sportive and playful pleasantry, when his animal
agreeable from its perfect heartiness. Nothing can be more droll
than the scene of this kind of which Mr. Boswell has preserved the
account, and into the humour of which he seems to have been in-
6
Perhaps no one has drawn so admirable a miniature
from Boswell's full-length portrait of Johnson as Mr.
Macaulay has presented to us:
capable of entering. When some one was mentioned as having
come to Mr. (afterward Sir Wm.) Chambers, to draw his will. giving
his estate to his sisters, Johnson objected, as it had not been gained by
trade. If it had,' said he, he might have left it to the dog Towser,
and let him keep his own name.' He then went on laughing im-
moderately at the testator, as he kept calling him. I dare say,'
said he, he thinks he has done a mighty thing: he won't wait till
he gets home to his seat: he'll call up the landlord of the first inn
on the road, and, after a suitable preface on mortality and the un-
certainty of life, will tell him that he should not delay making his
"Johnson grown old, Johnson in the fulness of his fame and in
the enjoyment of a competent fortune. is better known to us than
any other man in history. Every thing about him.-his coat, his
wig, his figure, his face, his scrofula. his St. Vitus's dance, his roll-will; and here. sir, will he say, is my will, which I have just niade,
ing walk, his blinking eye, the outward signs which too clearly
with the assistance of one of the ablest lawyers in the kingdom,
marked his approbation of his dinner, his insatiable appetite for
and he will read it to hini.' (Johnson laughing all the time.) He
fish sauce and veal-pie with plums, his inextinguishable thirst for believes he has made this will: but he did not make it: yon,
tea, his trick of touching the posts as he walked, his mysterious Chambers, made it for him. I trust you have had more conscience
practice of treasuring up scraps of orange-peel. his morning slum than to make him say being of sound understanding-ha! ha! ba!
bers, his midnight disputations, his contortions, his mutterings, his I hope he has left me a legacy. I'd have his will turned into verse,
gruntings, his puffings, his vigorous, acute, and ready eloquence,
like a ballad! Mr. Chambers,' says Boswell. didn't by any means
his sarcastic wit, his vehemence, his insolence, his fits of tempestu-
relish this jocularity, upon a matter of which pars magna fuit,
ous rage, his queer inmates, old Mr. Levett and blind Mrs. Williams, and seemed impatient till he got rid of us. Johnson couldn't stop
the cat Hodge and the negro Frank.-all are as familiar to us as the
his merriment, but continued it all the way, till he got without the
objects by which we have been surrounded from childhood. . . . As Temple Gate; he then burst into such a fit of laughter, that he
we close it [Boswell's Johnson] the club-room is before us, and the appeared to be almost in a convulsion, and, in order to support
table on which stands the omelet for Nugent and the lemons for
himself. laid hold of one of the posts on the side of the foot-pave-
Johnson. There are assembled those heads which live forever on ment, and sent forth peals so loud that, in the silence of the night,
the canvas of Reynolds. There are the spectacles of Burke and his voice seemed to resound from Temple Bar to Fleet Ditch..
the tall thin form of Langton, the courtly sneer of Beauclerk and
Lives of Men of Letters, dc.
the beaming smile of Garrick, Gibbon tapping his snuff-box and
Sir Joshua with his trumpet in his ear. In the foreground is that
strange figure which is as familiar to us as the figures of those
among whom we have been brought up, the gigantic body, the huge
massy face seamed with the scars of disease, the brown coat, the
black worsted stockings, the grey wig with the scorched foretop,
the dirty hands, the nails bitten and pared to the quick. We see
the eyes and mouth moving with convulsive twitches; we see the
heavy form rolling; we hear it puffing: and then comes the 'Why,
sir and the What then, sir? and the No, sir! and the 'You
don't see your way through the question, sir!"-Essays, 1854, i.
375-376, 400-101; and in Edin. Rev., Sept. 1831.
་
·
Johnson's "inextinguishable thirst for tea" forms so
prominent an item of his personal character, that we must
permit our reader to behold the sage at one tea-party at
least; and this shall be at "Cumbey's" table, where the
great man spent many a happy hour of social chat:
•
"At the tea-table he made considerable demands upon his favourite
beverage, and I remember when Sir Joshua Reynolds at my house
reminded him that he had drank eleven cups, he replied, 'Sir, I did
not count your glasses of wine: why should you number up my
cups of tea? And then, laughing in perfect good-humour, he added:
'Sir, I should have released the lady from any further trouble, if it
had not been for your remark; but you have reminded me that I
want one of the dozen, and I must request Mrs. Cumberland to
round up my number.' When he saw the readiness and compla-
cency with which my wife obeyed his call. he turned a kind and
cheerful look upon her, and said, Madam, I must tell you, for your
comfort, you have escaped much better than a certain lady did
a while ago upon whose patience I intruded greatly more than I
have done on yours; but the lady asked me for no other purpose
than to make a Zany of me, and set me gabbling to a parcel of
people I knew nothing of: 80, madam, I had my revenge of her;
for I swallowed five-and-twenty cups of her tea, and did not treat
her with as many words.' I can only say my wife would have made
tea for him as long as the New River could have supplied her with
water."-Cumberland's Memoirs.
་
Poor Jonas Hanway found to his cost that Johnson was
as ready to take up the cudgels on behalf of his favourite
beverage as he was to drink it. As Mr. Macaulay also refers
to that famous tabby, the cat "Hodge," this respectable
quadruped must not be forgotten in our sketch of the lexi-
cographer. And, indeed, we know not a passage we could
better select as an instance of the manner in which Boswell
jots down the most trifling remarks which fell from the lips
of his illustrious friend, than the one in which "Hodge
forms the principal subject of discourse:
"Nor would it be just under this head," says Boswell. "to omit
the fondness which he showed for animals which he bad taken
under his protection. I never shall forget the indulgence with
which he treated Hodge, his cat. for whom he himself used to go
out and buy oysters, lest the servants, having that trouble, should
take a dislike to the poor creature. I am, unluckily, one of those
who have an antipathy to a cat, so that I am uneasy when in the
room with one; and I own I frequently suffered a good deal from
the presence of this same Hodge. I recollect him one day scramb
ling up Dr. Johnson's breast, apparently with much satisfaction,
while my friend, smiling and half whistling, rubbed down his back,
and pulled him by the tail; and when I observed he was a fine cat,
[rather hypocritical, we fear, Jemmy Boswell,] saying, Why, yes,
sir; but I have had cats whom I liked better than this; and then,
as if perceiving Hodge to be out of countenance, adding, But he is
a very fine cat,- a very fine cat indeed.'”
<
•
It is easy to see, as Lord Brougham remarks, that "Bos-
well was incapable of entering into the humour of this
scene," and the moral reflections with which he closes the
graphic sketch just recorded are as amusing as any of its
details:
"This most ludicrous exhibition of the awful, melancholy, and
venerable Johnson happened well to counteract the feelings of sad-
ness which I used to experience when parting with him for a con-
siderable time. I accompanied him to his door, where he gave me
his blessing."
7. DR. JOHNSON'S MORAL AND RELIGIOUS CHARACTER.
The attention of this great man was at an early age
turned to the consideration of those important truths which
only the foolish and the thoughtless dare to slight, and
which demand a large share of the mind and heart of
every accountable and immortal being.
"When at Oxford," remarks Johnson. "I took up Law's Serions
Call to a Holy Life, expecting to find it a dull book. (as such books
generally are.) and perhaps to laugh at it. But I found Law quite
an overmatch for me; and this was the first occasion of my think-
ing in earnest of religion after I became capable of rational enquiry.”
From this time forward." continues his biographer, religion
was the predominant object of his thoughts; though, with the just
sentiments of a conscientious Christian, he lamented that his prac
tice of its duties fell far short of what it ought to be."
痛心
​With his religious peculiarities of doctrine or observance
we have here, of course, no concern; and, did their con-
sideration legitimately enter into our province, we trust
that we should feel no temptation to indulge in those un-
becoming sneers at alleged superstitions and rigid cere-
monials which have disgraced critics who imagined they
were ridiculing the subject of their shallow wit.
6
"Few men." says Lord Brougham, "have perhaps ever livel. in
whose thoughts religion had a larger or more practical share. . . .
He was friendly, and actively so, in the greatest degree; he was
charitable even beyond what prudential considerations might
justify; as firmly as he believed the gospel, so constantly did he
practise its divine maxim. that it is more blessed to give than to
receive.'... His habitual piety, his sense of his own imperfections,
his generally blameless conduct in the various relations of life.
have been already sufficiently described, and have been illustrated
in the preceding narrative. He was a good man, as he was a great
man; and he had so firm a regard for virtue that he wisely set
981
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JOI
much greater store by his worth than by his fame.”—Lives of Men
of Letters, dc.
· He loved the poor as I never yet saw any one else love them,
with an earnest desire to make them happy. In pursuance of these
principles, he nursed whole nests of people in his house, where the
lame, the blind, the sick, and the sorrowful found a sure retreat."
-MRS. THRALE.
*.
"Though consciousness of superiority might sometimes induce
him to carry it high with man. (and even this was much abated in
the latter part of life,) his devotions have shown to the whole world
how humbly he walked at all times with his God."-BISHOP HORNE.
If. then, it be asked, who first, in England. at this period,
breasted the waves and stemmed the tide of infidelity,-who, en-
listing wit and eloquence, together with argument and learning, on
the side of revealed religion, first turned the literary current in its
favour, and mainly prepared the reaction which succeeded.-that
praise seems most justly to belong to Dr. Samuel Johnson. Religion
was with him no mere lip-service nor cold formality: he was mind-
ful of it in his social hours as much as in his graver lucubrations;
and he brought to it, not merely erudition such as few indeed pos-
sessed, but the weight of the highest character, and the respect
which even his enemies could not deny him. It may be said of him
that, though not in orders, he did the Church of England better
service than most of those who at that listless era ate her bread.",
-LORD MAHON: Hist of England, vol. vi.
"His moral principles (if the language may be allowed) partook
of the vigour of his understanding. He was conscientious, sincere,
determined; and his pride was no more than a steady conscious-
ness of superiority in the most valuable qualities of human nature.
His friendships were not only firm, but generous and tender be-
neath a rugged exterior.”—SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: Memoirs of his
Life, 1835.
Sir Walter Scott remarks (in his Life of Johnson) that,
when Johnson died. "virtue was deprived of a steady sup-
porter," and that all the deductions which can be made
for his prejudices of opinion and "violence and solecisms
in manners" still leave "his talents, morals, and benevo-
lence alike irreproachable."
Hazlitt, (in his Lecture on the Periodical Essayists.)
after summing up Johnson's many good qualities, and re-
ferring to his prejudices, concludes with:
"His were not time-serving, heartless, hypocritical prejudices;
but deep, inwoven, not to be rooted out but with life and hope;
which he found from old habit necessary to his own peace of mind,
and thought so to the of mankind. I do not hate, but
him for them. They were between himself and his conscience, and
should be left to that higher tribunal
"Where they in trembling hope repose.-
The bosom of his Father and his God.'
6
"In a a word, he has left behind him few wiser or better men.”
That, with all his coarseness and irritability, he was a man of
sterling benevolence, has long been acknowledged. But how gentle
and endearing his deportment could be, was not known till the
Recollections of Madame D'Arblay were published."-T. B. MACAU-
LAY: Essays, 1854, iii. 309.
A
The comparison which we have instituted [between Milton and
Johnson] has compelled us to notice Johnson's defects; but we trust
we are not blind to his merits. His stately march, his pomp and
power of language, his strength of thought, his reverence for virtue
and religion, his vigorous logic, his practical wisdom, his insight
into the springs of human action, and the solemn pathos which
occasionally pervades his descriptions of life and his references to
his own history, command our willing admiration."-WM. ELLERY
CHANNING: Remarks on the Character and Writings of John Milton.
The accounts which have been handed down to us of
the last days of Johnson's life form one of the most inte-
It was on
resting portions of English literary annals.
the 13th of December, 1784, that he was called to the
rest which remaineth for those who cast themselves in
humble confidence and undoubting trust upon the promises
of that Redeemer who is the saint's dependence and the
sinner's hope. We may not doubt that to him the exchange
was a happy one. Error there had been in his life; for
who is there among the children of men who hath not trans-
gressed? But there had been hearty repentance, deep
But there had been hearty repentance, deep
contrition, and fervent faith. He had proved his faith,
too, by works of charity and deeds of love. He had been
literally "eyes to the blind and feet to the lame." He had
strengthened him that was ready to perish, and he had
upholden the fallen."
hungry, and the poor and cast-out he had brought to his
home." The promise was fulfilled to him, as it hath ever
been to those who rely upon its merciful assurance: "In
the time of trouble," God remembered him, and freed him
from that "bondage" which had so long held him in "fenr
of death" he resigned his soul into the hands of his
Creator with filial confidence and triumphant hope.
Johnson, Samuel B., Lieut. U. States Navy, d. 1820.
Letters from Chili, 1816.
!
His bread had been "dealt to the
4.
Johnson, Mrs. Sarah Barclay. Hadji in Syria;
or, Three Years in Jerusalem, Phila., 1858, 12mo.
Lon. Athen., 1858, Pt. 2, 193.
Seo
Johnson, Rev. T. Hist. of Berwick-upon-Tweed.
Johnson, T. B. 1. Gamekeeper's Direct., Lon., 12mo.
2. Hunting Direct., Svo. 3. Shooter's Companion, 12mo:
see Lon. Sport. Mag. 4. Shooter's Preceptor; new ed., 1844,
12mo. See Works of the Rev. Sydney Smith, 1854, ii. 186.
1
5. Sportsman's Cyclopædia, 8vo; £1 11s. 6d. A beautiful
work, with 50 steel engravings, after Cooper, Ward,
Hancock, &c.
Johnson, Theodore T. Sights in the Gold Ro
gions, N. York, 1849, 12mo.
Johnson, Thomas. 1. Pathwaye to Readinge, Lon.,
1590. 2. Cornucopiæ, 1595, 4to: on natural history.
Johnson, Thomas, M.D., d. 1644, a learned bota-
nist, pub. a trans. of Ambrose Parey's medical and surgical
works, edits. 1634-78, and several botanical works, of which
Iter in Agrum Cantianum, 1620, and Ericetum Hamstedia-
num, 1632, were the first local catalogues of plants pub.
in England. He also pub. an enlarged and amended ed.
of Gerarde's Herbal, 1633, 34, '36, fol.; 1744, Svo. See
GERARDE, Jons. See also Athen. Oxon.; Lloyd's Me-
moirs; Pulteney's Sketches.
Johnson, Thomas, Fellow of Eton College, and of
Magdalene Coll., Camb., pub. Questiones Philosophicæ,
an ed. of Sophocles, 1705-06, 3 vols., and some other clas
sical and theolog, works.
Johnson, Thomas. Serm., 1731, Svo.
Johnson, Thomas. Reasons for Dissenting from
the Established Church; new ed., Lon., 1834, ISmo.
Johnson, W. B. Animal Chemistry, 1803, 3 vols. Svo.
Johnson, W. G. Braintree Case, Lon., 1843, Svo.
Johnson, Rev. W. R. Historical works, &c, 1807-
12, &c.
Johnson, Prof. Walter R., of Philadelphia. 1.
Natural Philosophy, on the basis of J. M. Moffat, Phila.,
1835, 12mo; originally entitled, Scientific Class- Book,
Part 1. 2. Chemistry, on the basis of J. M. Moffat,
1835, 12mo; originally entitled Scientific Class-Book,
Part 2. 3. Notes on the use of Anthracite Coal in the
Manufacture of Iron, Bost., 1841, 12mo. 4. First Amer.
ed. of Prof. F. Knapp's Chemical Technology, Phila.,
5. First Amer ed. of Prof. J. Weis-
1848, 2 vols. Svo.
bach's Mechanics, 1849, 2 vols. 8vo. See GORDON, PROf.
LEWIS. 6. The Coal-Trade of British America, &c.,
Washington, 1850, Svo.
Johnson, William. The Light of Navigation; con-
taining the Coasts and Havens of the West, North, and
East Seas, Amst., 1612, 4to.
Johnson, William, Chymist, pub. a chemical lexi-
con, Lon., 1651, '60, Svo, and a tract on G. Thompson's
Galeno Pale and Odowde's Poor Man's Physician, 1665,
Svo.
Johnson, William, D.D., d. 1666, aged 54, pub.
three serms., 1664-70.
Johnson, Sir William, d. in New York, 1774, an
eminent military officer, pub., in Phil. Trans., 1773, a
paper on the Customs, Manners, and Languages of the
Northern Indians of America.
Johnson, William. Union with Ireland, 1798, Svo.
Johnson, William, d. 1848, a native of Middletown,
Conn., graduated at Yale College, 1788; reporter of the
Supreme Ct. of N. York, 1806-23, and of the Ct. of Chan-
cery of N. York, 1814-23. 1. Trans. of D. A. Azuni's
Sistema Universale dei principii del diritto maritimo
dell' Europa, N. York, 1806, 2 vols. Svo.
"The student will find this work highly valuable on account of
the numerous biographical and bibliographical notices by the
2 Kent's Com., 4, n.; Pref. to Johnson's trans.; Marvin's Leg. Bib., 81.
author and his translator."-Hoffman's Leg. Stu.. 465. See also
J
2. N. York Supreme Ct., &c. Reports, 1799-1803; N.
York, 1808-12, 3 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., by L. B. Shepard,
1846, 3 vols. 8vo. 3. N. York Supreme Ct., &c. Reports,
1806-23; 3d ed., Phila., 1839, 20 vols. Svo; again, N.
York, 1845, 20 vols. 8vo. 4. N. York Chancery Reports, &c.,
1814-23; 2d ed., Phila., 1825-29, 7 vols. 8vo; N. York, 1836,
7 vols. 8vo. 5. Digest of Cases in Supreme Ct. of N. York,
&c., Albany, 1825, 2 vols. 8vo; Phila., 1838, 3 vols. in 2, 8vo.
Johnson's Reports are of the highest authority, and con-
See 6 Law Reg., 291; Hoff. Leg.
stantly appealed to.
Stu., 168; 1 U. S. Law Jour., 175, 499, ii. 288; 1 Ang. Ľ.
I. 9 Story's Bills, 99, n.; Story's Part., 2 280, n.; 2 316,
n.; Marvin's Leg. Bib., 426; Sharswood's Profess. Ethics,
126 N. Amer. Rev., 140.
;
The review just cited is by
Judge Story, and will also be found in his Miscell. Writ.,
148. See also his Life and Letters, i. 377, 379.
prudence than that it may possess such a Chancellor [Kent] and
"No lawyer can ever express a better wish for his country's juris-
prudence than that it may possess such a Chancellor [Kent] and
such a Reporter.”—JUDGE STORY: Miscell. Writings, 1852, 179.
*Johnson was the author of the Life of Chancellor Kent in the
National Portrait-Gallery of Distinguished Americans, and the
latter dedicated to him his Commentaries.
"Johnson was a man of pure and elevated character, an able
lawyer, a classical scholar, a gentleman, and a Christian."-Iox.
|
JUDGE DUER: Letter to the author of this Dictionary, N. York, Feb.
23, 1857.
95?
JOI
JOH
Johnson, William, of Charleston, S.C., Associate
Judge of the Supreme Court of the U. States. d. at
Brooklyn, 1834. Life and Corresp. of Major-General
Greene, of the U. States Ariny, Charleston, 1822, 2 vols.
4to. See Blackw. Mag., xvii. 68; Peters's Reports, vol.
ix.; Lee, HENRY, 1787–1837.
Johnson, William, and Nicholson, Peter. The
Carpenter's New Guide; 15th ed., Phila., 1854, 4to; 16th
ed., entitled Carpenter's New Guide, by Peter Nicholson;
revised by N. K. Davis, 1856, 4to.
Johnson, William, b. at Ladies' Island, S.C., 1811.
1. Infant Baptism argued from Analogy. 2. The
Church's Argument for Christianity. 3. Examination
of Snodgrass on Apostolic Succession. 4. Examination
of Confirmation Examined. 5. Memoir of Rev. N. P.
Knapp. Edited Select Sermons of N. P. Knapp.
Johnson, William Martin, d. 1796, at Jamaica,
Long Island, New York, was the author of a number of
poems, some of which will be found in Duyckincks' Cyc.
of Amer. Lit. See also Democratic Rev., i. 293, 458.
Johnson, William Moore, and Exley, Thomas.
The Imperial Encyclopædia, 1809, 4 vols. 4to.
Johnson. See JOHNSTON and JOHNSTONE.
Johnsone, Rev. Fowler de. Vindic. of the Book
of Genesis, Lon., 1838, 8vo.
"In this work Dr. Buckland's objections to the first chapter of
Genesis are met and answered."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib, 140.
Johnston, A. J. Exchequer Bill, Lon., 1842, Svo.
Johnston, or Johnson, Alexander, M.D., d. 1799,
aged 83. Tracts on Drowned Persons, Lon., 1773, both
Svo.
Johnston, Alexander. Con. to Med. Com., 1788.
Johnston, Alexander. Con. to Med. Com., 1795.
Johnston, Alexander Keith, Geographer at Edin-
burgh in Ordinary to her Majesty, and one of the most
useful writers of the day, was b. Dec. 28, 1804, at Kirkhill,
in the county of Midlothian, Scotland. 1. The National
Atlas of General and Physical Geography, Edin., imp. fol.,
1843, £S S.; Index, 1848, 78. 6d.; 2d ed., 1849, half-
bound, £4 48.; 3d ed., 1855, £4 148. 6d. ; plates and notes,
half-Russia, £8 88.
"As accurate in their geographical details as they are beautiful
in their execution."-SIR DAVID BREWSTER.
Also highly commended in Alison's Hist. of Europe, by
Professors Traill and Jameson, by Dr. Whewell, Wm. Gal-
braith, and other eminent authorities.
2. The Physical Atlas of Natural Phenomena, 1847-49,
imp. fol., 30 maps, £10 108.; reduced ed., 1849, imp. 4to,
25 maps, £2 12s. 6d.; new ed., 1854-56, 12 Pts. fol., at
218. each; £12 128. complete.
"The execution of the plates corresponds, in the elegance and
perspicuity of the engraving, with the scientific solidity of the ma-
terials."-BARON ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT: à Sans Souci, 12th
August, 1848.
"Your Atlas will do more benefit to the knowledge of our planet,
in all its relations, than all the monstrous Encyclopediæ, Cyclope-
diæ, and Libraries of Useful Knowledge could effect."-BARON LEO-
POLD VON BUCH: Berlin, 3d July, 1848.
"I appreciate it highly, but not more than the admirable execu-
tion of so difficult and arduous a work merits."-MARY SOMERVILLE,
Chester Square, 4th May, 1848.
We have many more testimonies before us to the excel-
lence of this work, but either of the three preceding is
amply sufficient to give a character to The Physical Atlas.
The new edition includes many new maps, and is en-
riched by the contributions of the greatest living scientific
men, by whose researches the domain of Physical Geo-
graphy has been extended, including Sir R. Murchison,
Prof. E. Forbes, Col. Sabine, Sir David Brewster, &c.
new and complete Geographical Map of the United States
and British North America, compiled from the latest data,
by Prof. Rogers, (of Boston,) with descriptive Illustrated
Notes, is for the first time given, with much other matter
relating to this Continent.
3. Atlas to Alison's Hist. of Europe, 1848, 4to, 738. 6d.;
em. 4to, 528. 6d.; epitome, 4to, 78. 4. Dictionary of Geogra-
phy, 1850, Svo, pp. 1440, 368.; 2d ed., 1855, Sro, 368.; half-
bound, 418. All of the articles were written by Mr. J., and
from original materials. Much new and valuable informa-
tion will be found regarding Italy, Spain, Denmark, Rus-
sia, the Netherlands, East and West Indies, Brazil, &c.
5. Hand Atlas of General and Descriptive Geography,
1852, imp. 4to, 218. 6. Hand Atlas of Physical Geography,
1852, imp. 4to, 218. 7. Geographical Projections (S) to
accompany Johnston's Atlases of Physical and General
School Geography, 1852, 4to, 28. 6d. S. School Atlas of
General Geography, 1852, imp. Svo, 128. 6d. ; in a portfolio,
4to, 16. 6d. 9. School Atlas of Physical Geography. 1852,
imp. Svo, 12s. 6d. ; in a portfolio, 4to, 168. 6d. 10. Elemen-
tary School Atlas of General and Descriptive Geography,
1853, 4to, 7x. Bl.
7×.
+
A more complete work for educational purposes has never come
under our notice."-Lon. Educational Times.
|
11. Hand Atlas of Classical Geography, 1853, r. 4to, 218.
12. School Atlas of Classical Geography, 1853, r. 8vo, 12,.
bd. 13. Skeleton Charts for the Direction of Winds, &c.
14. Map of Eu-
in the Arabian Sea, 1854, r. 4to, 128. bd.
rope, 1855, 4to, in cloth case, 428. 15. Atlas of Astronomy,
edited by J. R. Hind, 1855, 4to, 218.; school edit., imp. 8vo,
128. 6d.
128. 6d. 16. Atlas of the War, 1856, in case, 68. 17. Atlas
of the United States, British and Central America, by A.
K. Johnston, and Prof. Rogers, (of Boston,) 1857, sm. fol.,
Population of the Free
27 plates. Showing the Area and P
and Slave-holding States, with the Plans of Cities, Sea-Ports,
&c. This is the only collection of Maps of those countries
from documents not yet pub. (1857) in Europe or America.
66 The Gazetteer which bears his name is remarkable for its com-
pleteness: and his Atlas of the United States of America supplies
a deficiency which has long been felt on both sides of the Atlantic."
-Elin. Rev., Apríl, 1857, n.
No library of any kind, public or private, clerical or lay,
school or family, should be without the invaluable publica-
tions of Mr. Alexander Keith Johnston.
-
Johnston, Andrew. Notitia Anglicana; shewing, 1.
The Atchievements of all the English Nobility, &c., com-
plete, Lon., 1724, 2 vols. 8vo. See Moule's Bibl. Herald.,
318.
Johnston, Arthur, M.D., 1587-1641, a native of Cas-
kieben, near Aberdeen, took his medical degree at Padua
in 1610, resided abroad about twenty-four years, of which
twenty were spent in France, returned home about 1632,
and died at Oxford. He was one of the best Latin scholars
of his age, and pub. several works in that language. An
edit. of his works was pub., Middleb., in 1641. Of these
the best-known is his Latin version of the Psalms of David,
-Psalmorum Davidis Paraphrasis Poetica, et Canticorum
Evangelicorum, Aberd., 1637, 12mo. Often reprinted.
There formerly existed an animated dispute (already re-
ferred to by us in our life of George Buchanan) relative
to the respective merits of Johnston's and Buchanan's
versions of the Psalms. We give the opinions of several
eminent critics:
"A sort of critical controversy was carried on in the last century,
as to the versions of the Psalms by Buchanan and Johnston.
Though the national honour may seem equally secure by the supe
riority of either, it has, I believe, been usual in Scotland to maintain
the older poet against all the world. I am nevertheless inclined to
think that Johnston's Psalms, all of which are in elegiac metre, do
not fall far short of those of Buchanan either in elegance of stylo
or in correctness of Latinity. In the 137th, with which Buchanan
has taken much pains. he may be allowed the preference, but not
at a great interval, and he has attained his superiority by too much
diffusiveness."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., Lon., 1854,
iii. 53.
"Arthur Johnston is not so verbose, and has, of course, more
vigour; but his choice of a couplet, which keeps the reader always
in mind of the puerile epistles of Ovid, was singularly injudicious.”
-DR. BEATTIE: Dissertations Moral and Critical.
We may remark, with reference to Beattie's mention of
Ovid, that Buchanan was formerly called the Scottish
Virgil, and Johnston the Scottish Ovid.
He [Johnston] has many beautiful and even powerful lines, such
as can scarce be matched by his more popular competitor; the style
of Johnston possessing somewhat of Ovidian ease, accompanied with
strength and simplicity, while the tragic pomp and worldly parade
of Seneca and Prudentius are more affected by Buchanan.”—PROF.
WM. TENNANT: Elin. Lit. Jour.. iii. 289.
Auditor Benson pub. an ed. of Johnston's Version in
1740, 4to, Svo, and 12mo; a Prefatory Discourse to it,
1740, Svo; a Conclusion to the Discourse in 1741, and a
In the last he insti-
Supplement to it in the same year.
tuted a Comparison between Johnston and Buchanan, and
gives the preference to the former; but this opinion was
controverted by George Ruddiman in A Vindication of
Buchanan's Paraphrase, pub. in 1745, Svo. See BENSON,
taken as a whole, but considers that Johnston has sur-
WILLIAM. Lord Woodhouselee prefers Buchanan's version
passed the former in some of the Psalms, for instance,
24th, 30th, 74th, 81st, S2d, 102d, and, above all, the 137th.
See Mr. Hallam's remark just quoted respecting the 137th
Psalm, Johnston's version.
Morhof commends Johnston's version in high terms:
"Arturus Johnstonus, in Psalmorum Versione, quemadmodum
et in operibus ceteris, ubique purus et tersus est, ut ego quidem
nihil in illo desiderare possim.
Dr. Harwood gives us little information when he informs
us that Johnston was "one of the most eloquent Latin
poets." Johnston pub. in 1637, Amst., 2 vols. 12mo, a
work which has reflected great honour upon the Scottish
nation, viz.: Delicia Poetarum Scoticorum hujus Evi il-
lustrium, to which he was a large contributor:
::
Sa
JOH
JOH
1
We find about an equal produce of each century, the whole
nmber being thirty-seven. Those of Johnston himself, and some
·legies by Scot of Scotsstarvet, are among the best. The Scots cer-
tainly wrote Latin with a good ear and considerable elegance of
phrase."—HALLAM: ubi supra.
“Would have done honour to any country.”—DR. SAMUEL Joux-
SON: Jour. to the West. Islands.
Johnston also pub. Elegia in Obitum R. Jacobi, Lon.,
1625, 4to; Epigrammata, Aberd., 1632, Svo; Parerga,
1632, Svo; trans. of Solomon's Song into Latin Elegiae
Verse, Lon., 1633, Svo; Musa Aulicæ, 1635, Svo. His
translations into Latin of the Te Deum, Creed, Decalogue,
&c. were subjoined to his Psalms. See Memoirs of John-
ston prefixed to Auditor Benson's edit. of his Psalms;
Chalmers's Life of Ruddiman; Tytler's Life of Kames;
Beattie's Dissertations; Chambers and Thomson's Biog.
Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855.
Johnston, Bryce, D.D., 1747-1805, minister of Holy-
wood, Scotland, pub. several single serins., an Essay on
Peace, &c., 1801, sm. Svo, and the following works: 1.
Comment. on the Revelations of St. John, Edin., 1794, 2
vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1807, 2 vols. Svo.
"Distinguished by the good sense and intelligence of its author.
It is a popular rather than a critical book."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
“A work well calculated for general use, being written with
perspicuity, and in a popular, practical strain.”—Dr. E. Williams's
C.P.
2. General View of the Agricult. of Dumfries, 1794, 4to.
"The work was reckoned among the best of the surveys.”—
Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
His Serms. and Life were pub. in 1808, Svo, by his
nephew, the Rev. John Johnston, minister of Crossmichael,
Scotland.
Johnston, Charles. Travels in Southern Abyssinia,
Lon., 1844, 2 vols. 8vo.
"The pleasantest traveller we have read since Bruce."-Hunt's
Journal.
Favourably noticed, at length, in the London and West-
minster Revs. for Dec. 1844, and by other periodicals.
Johnston, David, M.D., of Edinburgh. 1. Hist.
of Public Charity in France, Edin., 1829, Sro. 2. Public
Education in France, 8vo.
"An elaborate and well-digested treatise."-Lon. New Monthly
Mag.
See also Quar. Rev.; Monthly Mag.; Literary Chro-
nicle; Scotsman.
"A most valuable and interesting course of lectures."-Lon.
Quar. Rev.
"The most complete account of agricultural chemistry we pos-
Bess."-Royal Agricult. Jour.
..
Unquestionably the most important contribution that has re-
rently been made to popular science."-Silliman's Jour.
5. Contributions to Scientific Agriculture, 1849, 8vo.
8. Treat. on Experimental Agriculture, 1849, 8vo.
Use of Lime in Agriculture, 1849, fp. Svo.
7.
"All that is known about lime, both in a scientific and practical
point of view."-Sollish Farmer.
1
S. Notes on North America; Agricultural, Economical,
and Social, 1851, 2 vols. Svo. This is the result of a visit
to North America from Aug. 1849 to April, 1850.
"He has contrived to bring together a larger mass of varied and
valuable information on the present condition of North America.
than is to be found in any work yet published."-Black wood's
Mag., Dec. 1851.
"Well written, and distinguished everywhere by much good
sense."-Lon. Athenaum, July 5, 1851.
"Admirable notes. . . . The very best manual for intelligent emi-
grants."—Lon. Economist.
See JOHNSON.
Johnston, C. F. T.
Johnston, Elias. To Calculate, 1814, 12mo.
Johnston, Henry. Gravel and Stone, 1806, 8vo.
Johnston, George, M.D., of Berwick-on-Tweed, d.
1855,
aged 58. 1. Flora of Berwick-on-Tweed, 2 vols.
8vo. 2. Hist. of British Zoophytes, Edin., 1838; 2d ed.,
Lon., 1847, 2 vols. r. 8vo, £2 28.; also in 2 vols. r. Svo,
£4 48.
"The most complete and accurate account of the British forms
of these animals we yet possess.”—Lon. Gent. Mag., Sept. 1855.
3. Hist. of British Sponges and Lithophytes, 1842, Svo.
"The best and most complete in our language."—Lon. Gent. Mag-footed Beasts-was trans. into English, and pub. at Am-
A portion of the above-viz.: a Description of Four-
ubi supra.
sterdam, 1678, fol. See Chaufepie; Moreri; Saxii Ono-
mast.; Biog. Univ.; Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th
ed., Lon., 1854, iii. 208, 584.
4. Introduction to Conchology, 1850, Svo. 5. The Na-
tural Hist. of the Eastern Borders: vol. i., Botany, 1854,
Svo. Reviewed in Lon. Gent. Mag. for April, 1854; and
see same periodical for Sept. 1855 for a biographical
notice of Dr. Johnston. Dr. J. contributed a number of
papers on British Annelids and Irish Annelids to the Annals
of Nat. Hist., and partially prepared a work on Brit. Annelids,
Johnston, George, M.D. See SINCLAIR, Edward B.
Johnston, James. Investing the Duke of Branden-
burg with the Order of the Garter, 1690, fol.
Johnston, James F. W., d. 1855, aged 59, a native
of Paisley, Reader in Chemistry and Mineralogy in the
Univ. of Durham, 1833-55. 1. Elements of Agricultural
Chemistry and Geology, Edin., 1842, 8vo; 6th ed., 1853,
12ino. 2. Suggestions for Experiments in Agriculture,
1843, 8vo. 3. Catechism of Agricultural Chemistry and
Geology, 1844, 16mo; 33d ed., 1849, fp. 8vo. Trans. into
nearly every European language, and taught in the
schools of Germany, Holland, Flanders, Italy, Sweden,
Poland, and North and South America. 4. Lects. on
Agricult. Chemistry and Geology, 1844, 8vo; 2d ed.,
1847, 8vo.
I
So much for British opinions; but a much less favour-
able verdict-by Professor Francis Bowen-will be found
in the North American Review for July, 1851, 210-238.
9. Instructions for Analysis of Soils, Limestone, &c.; 3d
ed., 1855, 12mo. 10. Chemistry of Common Life, 1854-55,
2 vols. p. Svo. This was Professor Johnston's last work,
and completed but a few months before his death.
"One of the most agreeable and instructive publications of the
present day."-Elin. Rev.
"The work deserves to be universally read.”—Brit. Quar. Rev.
"His last work was his best.”—Blackw. Mag., Nov. 1855, q.v. for
a review of the work, and an obituary notice of the author.
Professor Johnston has done more than has ever yet been done
to preach science to the masses."--Blackw. Mag., ubi supra. See
also Lon. Gent. Mag., Nov. 1855.
In addition to the commendations of the Chemistry of
Common Life above quoted, we have thirteen British and
six American ones before us, equally favourable in their
tone.
view and to Blackwood's Magazine.
Prof. Johnson was a contributor to the Edinburgh Re-
Johnston, John, d. 1612, a native of Aberdeen, a
Professor of Divinity in the College of St. Andrew's, was
minister of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, and
pub. the following poetical works. 1. Inscriptiones Histo-
a relative of Arthur Johnston, (ante,) and also a poet. He
rica Regum Scotorum, &c., Amst., 1602, '03, 4to. 2. Heroes
ex omni Historica Scotica Lectissimi, Leyden, 1603, 4to.
"Excellent poems.”—Bp. Nicolson's Scot. Hist. Lib.,ed. 1776, 66.
Both Nos. 1 and 2 will be found in the Delicia Poeta-
rum Scotorum. 3. Consolatio Christiana sub Cruce, &c.,
4. Iambi Sacra, 1611. 5. Tertrasticha et
1609, Svo.
Lemmata Sacra-Item Cantica Sacra-Item Icones Re-
gum Judea et Israelis, Lug. Bat., 1612, 4to. See Cham-
bers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen,
1855, and authorities there cited.
Johnston, John, M.D., 1603-1675, a native of
Sambter, Great Poland, resided some time in England.
He pub. in Latin a number of works on natural history,
medicine, history, and ethics, of which the best-known is
Historia Naturalis Animalium, pub. in Parts, 1648-52.
The text is extracted, with some taste, from Gesner, Aldro
vandus, Macgraf, and Mouffet; and it answered its purpose, as an
elementary work in natural history, till Liunaus taught a moro
accurate method of classifying, naming, and' describing animals.
Even Linnæus cites him continually."-CuVIER.
Johnston, John, 1757-1820, minister of Cross-
michael, and nephew to the Rev. Dr. Bryce Johnston.
Memoirs of the Life of Dr. Bryce Johnston, prefixed to
his Serms., 1808, Svo.
Johnston, John, LL.D., b. at Bristol, Maine, grad.
at Bowdoin Coll., 1832; Prof. of Natural Science in Wes-
leyan Univ., 1832 to the present time, (1855.) 1. Eleu.ents
of Chemistry, 12mo.
of Chemistry, 12mo. 2. Manual of Natural Philosophy;
6th ed., 1857.
6th ed., 1857. Highly commended, and used in many
schools, as are also the following works edited by Prof. J.
3. Dr. Edward Turner's Chemistry, 12mo.
Elementary Chemistry; 6th ed., revised, with new illustra
tions, 1857, 18mo.
4. Turner's
Johnston, John, D.D. His Autobiography and Mi-
nisterial Life, edited and compiled by the Rev. James
Carnahan, D.D., late President of the College of New
Jersey, N. York, 1856.
Johnston, Joseph. Serm., Edin., 1778, Svo.
Johnston, Judge L. F. C. Institutes of the Civil
Law of Spain, trans. from the 6th Spanish ed., (Madrid,
1805,) Lon., 1825, r. 8vo.
Johnston, Nath., M.D. Theolog. and polit. tracts,
&c., 1659-SS. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Johnston, Robert, a Scotsman, d. 1630? 1. His.
toria Rerum Britannicorum, ut et Multarum Gallicarum,
Belgicarum et Germanicarum, tam Politicarum quam Ec-
clesiasticarum, ab anno 1572 ad annum 1628, Amst.,
1642, 12mo. Enlarged, 1655, fol. This was intended as a
continuation of Buchanan's History:
984
JOII
JOH
Cntinued in the same fine language [Latin] by Robert John- "It should be looked at, particularly the introduction, which's
"ɑ.”—Bp. Nicolson's Scottish Hist. Lib., ed. 1776, 31.
sensible and important. The notes are always good. . . . The last
"A work of great merit, whether we consider the judicious half of the book is occupied with the author's adventures and efforts
structure of the narrative, the sagacity of the reflections. the acute to escape: they are often curious, and sometimes descriptive oʻ
discernment of characters, or the classical tincture of the style."-manners."-Prof. Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist.
LORD WOODHOUSELEE.
▸▸
2. Historie of Scotland during the Minority of King
James, in Latine; Done into English by T. M. [Thomas
Middleton?] Lon., 1646, 24mo, pp. 164. Reprinted in
vol. i. of Scotia Rediviva, Edin., 1826, 8vo. See Cham-
bers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen,
1855, and authorities there cited.
"Robertus Johnstonus baroni Killosensi Brusio dum viveret,
charus: vir variæ lectionis, egregiæ eruditionis, limati judicii.”.
Sibbaldi Biblioth. Scot, MS., 221.
Johnston, Robert. Letter to Clergy, 1796, Svo.
Johnston, Robert. Travels in Russia, &c., Lon.,
1815, 4to.
Johnston, Thomas. Christ's Watchword; or, the
Parable of the Virgins expounded, Lon., 1630, 4to.
Johnston, Thomas. General View of the Agricult.
of the County of Selkirk, Lon., 1794, 4to.
"Well performed.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Johnston, W. and A. K. 1. Emigration-Map of
Australia, with the Gold Districts, Lon., 1853, 12mo. 2.
Map of the Seat of War in the Danubian Principalities,
Lon., 1854, 12mo. 3. Do. in the Bultic Sea, 1854, 12mo.
Johnston, William. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1737.
Johnston, William. A Pronouncing and Spelling
English Dictionary, Lon., 1764, 12mo.
Johnston, William. Hist. of Inventions and Dis-
coveries; from the German of Beckmann; Lon., 1797-1814,
4 vols. 8vo.
"This work is the result of the most extensive.varied.and profound
research and learning."--McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 1845, 355.
And see Biog, Univers. The last ed. of Beckmanu's
work appeared in H. G. Bohn's Standard Library, Lon.,
1846, 2 vols. sq. 12mo. This ed. is revised and enlarged
by Drs. Francis and Griffith. Johnston pub. several other
works.
+
M
I
Mrs. Johnstone's stories have acquired great popularity.
"Her characters are strictly drawn from life; and every act in
which they are involved is at once simply and naturally tending to
impress a useful lesson of worldly wisdom and judicious conduct."
-Lon. Lit. Gaz.
"Mrs. Johnstone's Tales are a happy mixture of the genial and
the prudential."-LEIGH HUNT.
•
Johnston, William. England as it is in the Nine-
teenth Century: Political, Social, and Industrial, Lon.,
1851, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"Readable and well written, abounding with information of
many kinds."—Elin. Rev.
"C'est un ouvrage plein de renseignements."-L'Illustration.
Johnston. See JOHNSON and JOHNSTONE.
Johnstone, Mrs., of Inverness, Scotland. a popular
novelist. 1. Clan Albin, a National Tale, Lon., 1815, 4 vols.
12mo. Anon.
"NORTH. A novel of great merit, full of incident and character,
and presenting many fine and bold pictures of external nature.'
"SHEPHERD. 'She's little if at a' inferior, in my opinion, to the
author of the Inheritance."-Noctes Ambrosians, Nov. 1826.
3.
2. Elizabeth De Bruce, Edin., 1827, 3 vols. p. Svo.
The Diversions of Holycot; or, Art of Thinking, 18mo.
Highly commended. 4. Nights of the Round Table, 1835;
1849, 2 vols. 18mo.
"One of the most meritorious efforts of our fiction-writers."-
Lon. Examiner.
|
I
Mrs. J. edited for a number of years a monthly magazine
established at Edinburgh about 1830, to which she was a
contributor, and she edited and contributed to the Edin-
burgh Tales, a weekly issue of stories and novelettes.
These papers were bound up and sold together (1845–46)
in 3 vols. r. Svo, and a new ed., 3 vols. r. Svo, bound in 1
vol., was pub. in 1850. The contributors to this agreeable
collection were Mrs. Johnstone, Mrs. Marsh, M. Fraser
Tytler, Mrs. Gore, Mrs. Crowe, John Mills, Miss Mitford,
Mary Howitt, William Howitt, Thomas Carlyle, Sir T. Dick
Lauder, &c. Mrs. Johnstone's Tales are, The Experiences
of Richard Taylor; Young Mrs. Roberts's Three Christmas
Dinners; Mary Anne's Hair; Governor Fox: Little Fanny
Bethel; Frankland the Barrister; Mrs. Mark Luke, or
West-Country Exclusives; Violet Hamilton, or The Ta-
lented Family; Mothering Sunday, or Old Usages; Andrew
Howie, the Hand-loom Weaver; The Ventilator of the Old
House of Commons; Blanche Delamere; The Weird of
the Winrams, a Tale of the Persecuting Times; Nighean
Ceard, or the Tinker's Daughter.
Johnstone, John. East India Stock, 1766.
Edinburgh, pub. an Account of Joseph Elkington's System
Johnstone, John, Land-Surveyor and Drainer at
of Draining. Edin., 1797, 4to. Last ed., 1841, 8vo.
"Mr. Johnstone executed his task most creditably; but the falla
cious principle has long since vanished, and claims no notice now.
It is surprising that it was ever entertained at all.”—Donaldson's
Agricull. Biog., 1854, 81.
|
Johnstone, Chevalier de, son of a grocer of Edin-
burgh, became Aide-de-Camp to Lord George Murray, and
Assistant Aide-de-Camp to Prince Charles Edward the
Pretender. The History of the Rebellion in 1745 and 1746,
from the French, Lon., 1820, 4to.
These memoirs possess all the interest of romance, and exhibit
traits of the character and feeling of the times.”—Goodhugh's Eng.
Gent. Lib. Mon., 1827, 56.
"We suspect our friend the Chevalier to be somewhat of a Gas-
conader, and we are not willing to take away the character of
Charles for courage upon such suspicious authority. . . . We hap
pen to know that some of his stories are altogether fictitious."-SIR
WALTER SCOTT: Life and Works of John Home.
1. Pro-
Johnstone, Hon. Andrew Cochrane.
ceed. on Major J. Gordon, 1804, 8vo. 2. Defence of A.
Johnstone, 1805, 8vo.
Johnstone, Charles, an Irishman, who d. in India
about 1800. 1. Chrysal; or, The Adventures of a Guinea,
1760, 2 vols. ; 3d ed., 1762, 2 vols. in 1, 12mo. Two addit.
vols., 1765. Often reprinted. Best ed., Lon., 1821, 3 vols.
sm. Svo.
A key to the characters in this satirical novel
will be found in William Davis's Olio of Bibliog. and Lit.
Anec., 13-21, and a review of the work, with a life of the
author, is in Sir Walter Scott's Miscell. Prose Works. Sir
Walter says,
"We may safely rate Charles Johnstone as a prose Juvenal.”
2. The Reverie; or, A Flight to the Paradise of Fools,
1762, 2 vols. 12mo. A Satire. 3. The Hist. of Arsaces,
Prince of Betlis, 1774, 2 vols. 12mo. A sort of political
romance. 4. The Pilgrim; or, A Picture of Life, 1775, 2
vols. 12ino. 5. The Hist. of John Juniper, Esq., alias
Juniper Jack, 1781, 3 vols. 12mo. A romance in low life.
See Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Lon. Gent. Mag., vols. Ixiv.
591, 780, lxxvii. 631, lxxx. 311.
Johnstone, Edward, M.D. 1. Papers in Med. Com.,
1777. 2. Paper in Memoirs Med., 1790.
Johnstone, George. Theolog. treatises, 1732, '33.
Johnstone, George, M.P., Post-Captain R.N., d.
1787, Governor of West Florida, 1763, pub. Thoughts on
our Acquisitions in the East Indies, particularly in Bengal,
1771, Svo, and two Speeches, 1768, '75.
Johnstone, James, M.D., 1730-1802, a native of
Annan, Scotland, practised first at Kidderminster, and sub-
sequently at Worcester, where he remained until his death.
He pub. a number of valuable professional works, 1750-95,
and medical papers in Phil. Trans., Med. Com., and Me-
moirs Med., 1758-99. Among his works are Histor. Dissert.
on the Malignant Epidemic Fever of 1756, &c., Lon., 1758,
Svo, and Medical Essays and Observations, 1795, Svo. His
writings were held in great esteem. See Chalmers's Biog.
Dict., Lon. Gent. and Month. Magazines, 1802; Doddridge's
Letters, p. 354.
Johnstone, Rev. James, Chaplain to bis Britannic
Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary to the Court of Denmark.
1. Anecdotes of Olave the Black, King of Man, &c., Co-
perh., 1780, Svo. 2. The Norwegian Account of Haco's
Expedition against Scotland, A.D. 1263, 1782, Svo. 3.
Lodobrokar-Quida, sine loco, 1782, 12mo. 4. Antiquitates
Celto-Normanica, Copenh., 1786, 4to. 5. Antiquitates
Celto-Scandicæ, 1786, 4to.
Johnstone, James, Physician to General Hospital,
Birmingham. 1. A Therapeutic Arrangement and Sylla-
bus of Materia Medica, Lon., sm. Svo.
This book cannot but be particularly useful to those who intend
to lecture or write upon the Materia Medica, as well as to the
students for whose particular use it is prepared."-Brit, and For.
1840, Svo.
2. Discourse on the Phenomena of Sensation, Lon.,
金曲
​Elkington's system of draining was at one time held in
such esteem, that a Parliamentary grant of £1000 was
passed for the purchase of his secret. Johnstone was de-
puted to publish this secret to the world, and the work was
received with much favour:
"The result, published by Johnstone, displays one of the most
beautiful and important applications of scientific principles to prac
tical purposes within the whole range of human knowledge."-
Report of Prac. of Royal Institute, May 24, 1844.
Johnstone, John, M.D., d. 1836, aged 68, a son of
James Johnstone, M.D., of Annan, was for more than forty
years a physician at Birmingham, and for about that time
the intimate friend of Dr. Samuel Parr, whose Works, with
Memoirs of his Life and Writings and a Selection from his
Correspondence, he pub. in 1828, 8 vols. 8vo. He also
935
JOH
JON
I
pub. several professional works, among which are Medical | 1851, N.York, 1851, 8vo. 2. Histor. Sketch of the Electric
Jurisprudence, Lon., 1800, Svo. See a biographical notice | Telegraph, 1852, Svo. 3. The Cymry of Seventy-Six; or,
of Dr. J. in Lon. Gent. Mag., May, 1837, 547-549.
The Welshmen of the American Revolution and their De-
scendants, 1855, Svo.
Johnstone, John. 1. Specimens of British Poets,
from Chaucer to the Present Day, with Biograph. and Crit.
Notices, Edin., 1828, 12mo; Lon., 1837, 24mo.
Jones, Rev. Alfred. The Proper Names of the Old
Testament Scriptures Expounded and Illustrated, Lon.,
1856, 4to.
It contains the most precious portion of the most precious lite-
rature in existence.”—Lon. Athenæum,
2. Specimens of Sacred and Serious Poetry from Chaucer
to the Present Day, with Biograph. and Crit. Notices, 24mo.
Well calculated to produce and fix the best impressions, and to
exalt and ennoble the character and enjoyments of human beings.”
–Edin. Theolog. Mag.
"This is an exceedingly creditable book,-creditable alike to Mr.
Jones and to King's College, London, of which he is one of the
alumni. The value of such a work to the clergyman or Biblical
student cannot be overrated.”—Gent. Mag., Aug. 1856.
Jones, Alfred B. On the Teeth, Lon., 1853, Svo.
Jones, Basset. Lapis Philosophorum Examini Sub-
Oxon., 1648, Svo.
Jones, C., "The Crediton Poet," d. at Keynsham,
near Bristol, 1792. Poems.
Jones, C. C. Recollections of Royalty, 1190-1807,
Lon., 2 vols. Svo.
-
·
Johnstone, John, Rector and Vicar of Overton, Hants.jectus,
The Way of Life: in a series of Serms., Lon., 1841, Svo.
Johnstone, W. D., Rector of Ifield. 1. Family
Prayer, Gravesend, 1844, Svo. 2. Baptism, Lon., 1815,
12mo.
Johnstone, William. Paper in Med. Obs. and Ing.,
1762.
--
Johnstone, William Henry, Chaplain of Addis-
combe. 1. Israel after the Flesh; or, The Judaism of the
Bible separated from its Spiritual Religion, Lon., 1850, 8vo.
The reader who wishes to understand accurately the relation
of Judaism, as a polity, to the spiritual religion taught in the
Bible, will find much advantage from the study of the following
book.”—DR. WM. L. ALEXANDER: Connex. of Old and N. Tests., ed.
1853, 313-314.
"Characterized by sound learning, precision of statement, and
conclusiveness of reasoning."-Brit. Quar. Rev., Nov. 1852, 478.
Also commended by T. K. Arnold, Kitto's Journal, Cam-
bridge Chronicle, &c.
2. Sunday and the Sabbath, 1853, sm. 8vo. 3. The Wor-
ship of Vanities; a Serm., Croydon, 1853, 8vo. 4. Israel
in the World; or, the Mission of the Hebrews to the Great
Military Monarchies, 1855, fp. Svo.
Johnstone. See JoHNSTON and JOHNSON.
Johnstoun, James.
James. A Juridical Dissert. on Mar-
riage Contracts and the Marriages of Cousins-Germain;
Illustrated from the Canon Law, &c., Lon., 1734, 8vo.
Johonnot, James. Country School-Houses, 1859,8vo.
Jole, William. A Warning to Drunkards, Lon., 1680,
4to. Unfortunately, this book is still needed.
Joliffe, Henry. Responsio Henrici Joliffi et Roberti
Jonson ad illos Artic. J. Hoperi, Antvo., 1564, Svo.
Joliph, William. Serm., Lon., 1589, Svo.
Jollie, F. 1. Cumberland Manners, &c., Carlisle,
1811, 8vo. 2. Cumberland Guide, &c., 1811, Svo.
Jollie, T. Character of T. Whitaker, 1712, 8vo.
Jollife, T. R. Letters from Palestine, &c., 1822, 2
vols.
Jolly, Alexander, D.D., 1756-1838, Bishop of Moray,
Scotland, was ordained Deacon, 1777; Priest, 1778; Pastor
at Turiff, in the diocese of Aberdeen, 1777; in 1788 re-
inoved to Fraserburgh, where he resided for forty-nine
years; consecrated Bishop of Dundee, 1796.
1. Baptismal Regeneration, 1826; new ed., with Account
of the Author, by Rev. P. Cheyne, Lon., 1840, 12mo. This
work is also pub. in the Voice of the Church. 2. Sunday
Services and Holy Days, &c., 1828; 3d ed., with Memoir
of the Author, by Rt. Rev. Jas. Walker, D.D., Bishop and
Primus, Edin., 1840, 12mo. See also Lon. Gent. Mag.,
Nov. 1838, 547. 3. The Christian Sacrifice in the Eucha-
rist, 1832, 12mo; 2d ed., Aberd., 1847, 12mo.
"Evinces Tractarian tendencies.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
See Lon. Gent. Mag., Nov. 1838, 547, for a very favour-
able notice of this work. The See of Moray, founded in
the twelfth century, was absorbed in other dioceses after
the decease of Bishop Jolly.
Jolly, J. B. F. Sciences and Philos., 1806, 2 vols.
Jonas, A. Law of Nisi Prius, Lon., 1773, 12mo.
Jonas, Peter. 1. Laws of Excise, Lon., 1802, Svo.
2. Art of Gauging, 1804, '06, 8vo. 3. Hydrometrical Tables,
1807, 8vo.
Jones. Answer to Tate's Question conc. the Ancient
Britons. See Hearne's Discourses, p. 213, Oxf., 1720, 8vo.
Jones. Guide to Norway; or, Salmon-Fisher's Com-
panion, by Tolfrey, Lon., 12mo.
Joues, Mrs., of Pantglass. 1, Scattered Leaves; or,
Twilight Trifles, Lon., 1853, 12mo. 2. Lottery, 1858.
Jones, Captain. His Legend, Lon., 1636, 4to. With
Part 2, 1648, 4to; 1656, 4to; 1659, sın. 8vo; 1671, 4to.
This burlesque, in imitation of a Welsh poem entitled
Owdl Rich. Greulon, was written by the Rov. David Lloyd.
See Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 433; Athen. Oxon.
Jones, A. D. Illustrated American Biography, N.
York, 1853, 8vo.
Jones, Abraham. State of the Country, 1794, 8vo.
Jones, Alexander, M.D., of New York. 1. Cuba in
Jones, C. Handfield, and E. H. Sieveking, As-
sistant-physicians to St. Mary's Hospital, London. 1. A
Manual of Pathological Anatomy, Lon., 1854, fp.; 1st Amer.
ed., revised, Phila., 1855, Svo, nearly 750 pp.
"A comprehensive English work on Pathological Anatomy has
long been a desideratum in Medical Literature; the present work
fills up in a great measure the deficiency which has hitherto existed,
and Drs. Jones and Sieveking deserve great credit for the manner
in which they have performed their task.”—Lon. Med. Times and
Guzette.
Also highly commended by The Stethoscope, the N. W.
Med. and Surg. Jour, &c. 2. By C. H. J.,
2. By C. H. J., Pathological
and Clinical Observations on Morbid Conditions of the
Stomach, 1855, Svo.
Jones, C. J. Memoirs of Miss O'Neil, 1816.
Jones, C. J. Collection and Recovery of Rent-
Charge; 2d ed., Lon., 1849, 12mo.
Jones, Charles. Serms., 1705, both 4to.
Jones, Charles. Hoyle's Games Improved, Lon.,
1779, 12mo.
Jones, Charles A., of Cincinnati, a son of George
W. Jones, formerly of Philadelphia, practised Law at
Cincinnati, and subsequently at New Orleans, where he
died in 1851. The Outlaw, and other Poems, Cincin.,
1835. Privately printed. This volume evinces the pus-
session of uncommon poetical abilities.
Jones, Charles Colcock, D.D. 1. The Religious
Instruction of Negroes in the U. States, Savannah, 12mo.
2. The Glory of Woman is the fear of the Lord, Phila.,
18mo. 3. Suggestions on the Religious Instruction of
Negroes in the Southern States, 1855, 18mo. Other pub-
lications.
Jones, D. Discourse on Peace, 1795, Svo.
Jones, David, of Marchain. Serms., 1690-1703.
Jones, David. 1. The Secret Hist. of Whitehall,
Lon., 1697, 2 vols. in 1, Svo. Continuation from 1688 to
1696, Svo, 1697. New and best ed. of this "scandalous
history," 1717, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Usury, &c., 1692, 4to. 3.
Hist. of the Turks, 1655-1701, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Life of K.
James II., 1702, 8vo. 5. Hist. of the House of Bruns-
wick-Lunenburgh, 1715, 8vo.
Jones, David, a native of Caernarvonshire, who died
about 1780, wrote some poetry, edited two collections of
Welsh poems, and made a collection of ancient Welsh MSS.
Jones, David, of Langar. Serm., Lon., 1796, 8vo.
Jones, David. See KEYWORTH, THOMAS, No. 1.
Jones, David. The Value of Annuities and Rever-
sionary Payments; with numerous Tables, Lon., 1843, 2
vols. Svo.
"An able scientific treatise."—McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.,
252.
If there be any one book in our language, or any other, which,
by itself, would both train an actuary and enable him to practise
his profession, this is the one."-Lon. Athenæum.
Jones, David F. Turnip-Husbandry, Lon., 1847,
12mo.
"The author describes most correctly the most approved cultiva-
tion and use of the turnip-plant.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Bicg.
→
Jones, E. O. 1. Religious Knowledge among the Poor
in 1850 and in 1750, [Centen. Prize Essay,] Lon., 1850,
12mo. 2. Eminent Characters of the English Revolu
tionary Period, 1853, er. Svo.
Jones, E. T. 1. English Book-Keeping for Schools,
Lon., 1840, 12mo. 2. Science of Book-Keeping; Sth ed.,
1844, r. 8vo; new ed., 1854, r. 8vo.
Jones, Ebenezer. Studies of Sensation and Event:
Poems, Lon., 1843, 8vo.
"We recommend him to be more humble in his pretensions and
simple in his address when noxt he appears in public. -Lon. Athen.,
April 13. 1844.
Jones, Rev. Edmund. A Relation of Ghosts and
Apparitions which commonly appear in the Principality
QXA
JON
JON
of Wales, Brist., 1767.
See an interesting article-in
which this work is noticed-on the Popular Superstitions
of the Welsh in the Lon. Retrospec. Review, 1825, xi. 66-
SS. 2. Account of the Purish of Aberystruth, Trevecka,
1779, 8vo.
Jones, Edward. Young Geographer and Astrono-
mer's Best Companion, Lon., 1773, 12mo; 2d ed., 1792.
Jones, Edward, Bard to the Prince of Wales, and
a native of Merionethshire. 1. Cicero's Brutus, Lon.,
1776, 8vo. 2. Musical and Poetical Relics of the French
Bards, 1784, fol. ; 2d ed., 1794, fol.; 3d ed., 1812, fol. ; new
el., 3 vols. 4to. 3. The Bardic Museum of Primitive
British Literature, &c., forming a 2d vol. of No. 2. 4.
Minstrel Serenades, 1809. 5. Lyric Airs, 1810, fol. 6.
Terpsichore's Banquet, 1813.
6.
Jones, Edward. Index to the Records on the
membrancer's Side of the Exchequer, Lon., 1793-95, 2
vols. fol.
Jones, Edward. Cockchafer; Nic. Jour., 1802.
Jones, Edward. 1. Prevention of Poverty, Lon.,
1796, Svo. 2. Portugal Convention Defended, 1808, 8vo.
Jones, Edward. Book-Keeping, Brist., 1796, 4to.
Jones, Edward. Vaccination, Lon., 1806, Svo.
Jones, Edward. Levelling, Lon., 1841, 12mo.
" A general treatise on the subject.”—Lon. Times.
Jones, Edward G., M.D. Gout, Lon., 1810, 12mo.
Jones, Ernest, a barrister-at-law of London, has
gained some reputation as a poet, and perhaps as much
as a Chartist, his political speeches having cost him a
heavy fine and two years' imprisonment. 1. The Wood-
Spirit, Lon., 1841, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 2. My Life: a Rhap-
2. My Life: a Rhap-
sody, 3. Chartist Lyrics. 4. The Battle-Day, and other
Poems, 1855, 12mo.
/
"Those who happen to be acquainted with the poetical produc-
tions of Ernest Jones must allow that they possess clearness and
force, a genial perception of nature, a vigorous imagination, and a
vivid poetical spirit. Persons who expect that the great Chartist
leader will infuse low Radical ideas in low Radical fashion into his
verses will find themselves mistaken."-Lon. Spectator.
5. Emperor's Vigil, and the Waves of the War, 1855,
12mo.
Jones, Griffith, d. 1786, was concerned with his bro-
ther GILES (ante) and JOHN NEWBERY (post) in the author-
ship of the Liliputian Histories for the Young, and was
associated with Dr. Samuel Johnson in the Literary Maga-
Re-zine, and with Goldsmith and Smollett in the British Maga-
zine. He also pub. anonymously many translations from
the French. See Nichols's Lit. Anec.
Jones, Frederick. 1. Tullagaum Expedit. from
Bombay, 1794, 4to. 2. Letters, 1795, 4to.
Jones, Frederick C. Attorney's Pocket-Book; 7th
ed., adapted to the Law of 1850, by J. Crisp, with a Supp.
by Rolla Rouse, 1850, 2 vols. 12mo, £1 1s. An Adaptation
of do. by R. Rouse, 1850, 1 vol., 38. 6d.
Jones, G. A Hist. of the Rise and Progress of Mu-
sic, Theoretical and Practical, 1818.
Jones, G. F. Law conc. the Liabilities and Rights
of Common Carriers, Lou., 1827, Svo.
Jones, George. Friendly Pill, Lon., 1674, 12mo.
Jones, George. A Comprehensive Hebrew Grain-
mar, Dubl., 1826, Svo. For the use of the Univ. of Dublin.
"His work contains a summary of all that is valuable in the
Thesaurus Grammaticus of Buxtorf."-Chris. Exam., or Church of
Ireland Mag., Feb. 1827.
See Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Jones, George. 1. Hist. of Ancient America ante-
rior to the Time of Columbus; proving the Identity of
the Aborigines with the Tyrians and Israelites; 3d ed.,
1843, r. Svo.
You are quite welcome to make any use you please of my
opinions respecting your volume on the Tyrian Origin of the
Temples in Central America. I most heartily repeat that I am
convinced you have fully proved your case."-SIR SAMUEL RUSH
MEYRICK: London, August 14th, 1844.
We have felt much reluctance in performing the painful duty
of exposing so shallow a writer as Mr. Jones."-Lon. Athen., July
1, 1843, where Mr. Jones and his theory suffer severely from criti-
cal handling.
、་
FITH JONES (post) and JOHN NEWBERY, wrote a number
of Liliputian Histories for the Young.
Jones, Griffith, 1684-1761, a native of Caermarthen,
Rector of Llanddowror in that county, wrote and pub.
several religious treatises in Welsh and English, of which
many thousands, together with thirty thousand Welsh
Bibles, were distributed by his agency through Wales.
See Sketch of his Life and Character, 1762, Svo.
Jones, Griffith, Rector of Denbigh. Popish Objec-
tions against Protestants Briefly Answered, Lon., 1735,
18ino.
Jones, H. Bence, M.D., Licentiate of the Royal
Coll. of Physicians, London. 1. Applic. of Liebig's Physio-
logy to the Prevention and Cure of Gravel, Calculus, and
Gout, Lon., 1843, Svo.
"In thus expressing our opinion of the practical value of this
publication, it is satisfactory to find ourselves supported by Pro-
fessor Liebig himself. under whose immediate superintendence and
sanction a translation into German is now preparing."- Lon.
Pharmaceut. Juur.
2. On Animal Chemistry, in its Relation to Stomach.
and Renal Diseases, 1850, Svo.
"The work of Dr. Bence Jones is one of the most philosophical
and practical which has issued from the press for many years
past."-Lom. Lancet.
"Dr. Bence Jones is already favourably known as the author of
works and papers on animal chemistry; and this contribution to
his favourite science is calculated to extend his reputation as an
able chemist and sound physician."-Lon. Month. Med. Jour.
3. Dr. Du Bois Reymond's Animal Electricity, edited
by H. B. Jones, M.D., fp. Svo; 50 engravings on wood.
CA This small volume is a valuable addition to our scientific lite-
rature. Those who read with attention may learn many most in-
portant facts from this work, but it demands such attention."-
I'm. AllunœUM.
"The name of M. Du Bois Reymond is probably known to most
of our readers as that of a zealous investigator into Animal Elec-
tricity. We have now had the opportunity of witnessing some of
the most interesting of these experiments. We beg to tender our
thanks to Dr. Bence Jones for this very seasonable publication,
and for the very efficient mode in which he has performed the
task.”—Lon. Medico-Chirurgical Review.
4. Fownes's Manual of Chemistry: see FowNES, GEORGE;
HOFMANN, A. W., M.D. 5. Liebig and Kopp's Ann. Rep.
of the Progress of Chemistry: see HOFMANN, A. W., M.Ď.
6. G. J. Mulder's Chemistry of Wine, edited, 1857, 12mo.
Jones, H. Berkeley. Adventures in Australia in
1852 and 1853, Lon., 1853, p. Svo.
Jones, Hamilton C. Digest of Reported Cases in
Supreme Ct. of N. Carolina, Dec. 1845 to Aug. 1853:
Law and Equity, Raleigh, N.C., 1855, 2 vols. in 1, Svo.
Jones, Harriet. The Family of Santraile; or, The
Heir of Mentault: a Romance, 1809, 4 vols.
Jones, Henry. The Lamentable and Wofull Com-
playnte of my Lady Masse, 1548, Svo.
Jones, Henry. Remonstrance of divers Remark-
1642, 4to.
able Passages conc. the Church and Kingdom of Ireland,
"This is one of the most interesting and authentic accounts of the
horrible proceedings in Ireland.”
Jones, Henry, Bishop of Menth. 1. Serms. on Ps.
exviii. 24-26, 1660, 4to; 1667, 4to. 2. Serm., Dubl., 1676,
fol. 3. Serm., Lon., 1679, fol.
Jones, Henry. The Philos. Trans., 1700-1720,
abridged and disposed under General Heads, Lon., 1721,
2 vols. 4to.
2. Tecumseh, a Tragedy, The Life of General Harri-
son, [late Pres't U. States,] and the First Oration on
Shakspeare, 1844, 12mo.
Jones, Henry, d. 1770, a native of Drogheda, pa-
tronized by the Earl of Chesterfield, pub. a vol. of Poems,
Essex, a Tragedy, 1753, Svo, and left an unfinished tra-
Lon., 1749, Svo, occasional poems, 1751-66, the Earl of
Jones, George, Chaplain in U.S. Navy, b. July 30,
1800, near York, Penna., grad. at Yale Coll., 1823, with the
highest honours of his class. 1. Sketches of Naval Life,
New Haven, 3 vols. 12mo. 2. Excursions to Cairo, Je-edy called the Cave of Idra. See Biog. Dramat.
rusalem, Damascus, and Balbec, N. York, 1836, 12mo.
He accompanied Commodore Perry on the Japan Expedi-
tion, and has published (3) the results of his observations
for two years on the Zodiacal Light, 1 vol. 4to, 348 plates,
pp. 750. The new theory of a nebulous ring around the
Jones, Henry. The Prophecies, And. and N. Y., 1837.
Jones, Herbert. Serms., 1774, '75, '77.
logical Account of Wigard Levering and Gerhard Lever-
Jones, Horatio Gates, of Philadelphia. A Genea-
ing, &c., Phila., 1858, Svo, pp. 193. See (N. York) Hist.
Mag., Nov. 1858, 350.
earth is a deduction from these observations. This last
work forms the third volume of Com. Perry's Japan Ex-
pedition. See Bouvier's Familiar Astronomy, 1857, 405.
Jones, George Matthew, Captain R.N., d. 1831.
Travels in Norway, Sweden, &c., Lon., 1827, 2 vols. Svo.
Jones, Gibbon. Serms., 1741, '46, both Svo.
Jones, Giles, in conjunction with his brother GRIF-
and Mary College, Minister of Jamestown, Virginia, and
Jones, Hugh, Professor of Mathematics at William
subsequently chaplain to the Assembly of Virginia, pub.
in 1724, Lon., Svo, pp. 152, The Prosent State of Vir-
ginin, &c.
in this century. The author thinks that the settlement of America
"This is one of the scarcest works relating to Virginia published
967
JON
JON
by the EuropeaLs is a fulfilment of the scriptural text on his title-
page, Japheth being the English, Shem the Indians, and Canaan
the Negroes."-Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, i. 35, q. v.
Jones, I. G., M.D., late Prof. of the Theory and
Practice of Medicine in the Eclectic Medical Institute,
Cincinnati, &c. The American Eclectic Practice of Medi-
cine; to which are appended the posthumous writings of
T. Morrow, M.D., also late Prof. of the Theory and Prac-
tice of Medicine in the same Institute, Cincin., 1856, 2 vols.
8vo, pp. 1650.
"It bears upon every page the stamp of Dr. J.'s vigorous, inde-
pendent, and practical style of thought. Such a work has long
been needed, and we rejoice to know that it has been produced.”-
DR. BUCHANAN, in Eclec. Med. Jour.
Jones, Inigo, 1572-1652, the celebrated architect, a
native of London, also claims a place as an author. 1.
The Temple of Love; a Masque, Lon., 1634, 4to. 2. The
Most Notable Antiquity of Great Britain, vulgarly called
Stone-Heng, on Salisbury Plain, Restored. Completed and
pub. by Mr. Webb, 1655, fol.
¦
"Of this work there were but a few copies printed, and most of
them were lost in the fire of London.”—GOUGH.
|
Watt mentions an ed. in 1665, fol. Jones's work was
certainly repub., with other essays, by Dr. Charlton and
Mr. Webb, in 1725, fol. See CHARLTON, or CHARLEton,
WALTER, M.D., where we have touched upon the Stone-
Henge controversy. 3. Histor. Essay on the Language of
China. 4. Trans. of George Taragonta's Hist. of the World.
5. Designs; consisting of Plans and Elevations for Public
and Private Buildings; pub. by Wm. Kent, 1727, fol.
Other designs, by Isaac Ware, 1743, Svo; other designs,
1744, fol.; by Wm. Kent, 1770, 2 vols. fol. He left. MS.
notes upon Palladio's Architecture, some of which were
inserted by Leoni in an ed. of Palladio pub. in 1714, fol.
A copy of his verses is pub. in the Odcombian Banquet,
prefixed to Tom Coryate's Crudities, 1611, 4to. Jones was
an excellent mathematician, and understood the Greek and
Latin languages. He was for some time an intimate friend
of Ben Jonson, but the latter became his enemy, and ridi-
culed him in the character of Lantern Leatherhead, a
hobby-horse seller, in his comedy of Bartholomew Fair,
and wrote three satires against him,-An Expostulation
with Inigo Jones; an Epigram to a Friend; and another
inscribed to Inigo, Marquis Would-Be. Mr. Gifford charges
Jones with having thrown the first stone. The considera-
tion of Jones's architectural taste and his works in this de-
partiment does not come within the plan of our Dictionary.
But the reader can consult Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Wal-
pole's Anecdotes; Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors, and,
above all, Peter Cunningham's Lite of Inigo Jones, with
Remarks on his Sketches for Dramas by Planché, and 5
Masques by Ben Jonson, &c., edited by Collier, with por-
trait after Vandyke, and fifteen fac-simile sketches, 1848,
8vo.
"This biography of the illustrious architect is more complete
than any former one, and abounds in curious information respect-
ing the customs of the period. Among the dramas is the celebrated
Masque of Queens, written in rivalry of Shakspeare's Macbeth."
"Inigo failed when he attempted to rival the Gothic churches.
of the fourteenth century."-T. B. MACAULAY: Essays, Lon., 1854,
ii. 352.
1
Jones, J. The Tower of Babel; or, Essays on the
Confusion of Tongues, with comparisons between Languages
of the Old and New World, and a defence of the rights
which the ancient Britons derive from the first European
settlement formed in America by a Prince of Wales, Lon.,
8vo.
|
"We feel bold to refer unbelievers to original papers in possession
of Lady Juliana Penn, we mean the good and great William Penn's
MS. Journals, where the Welsh Indians are frequently mentioned
without the least doubt of their existence."-Page 77.
Jones, J. A. Haverhill, a Novel, N. York, 2 vols.
Contributions to the United States Literary Gazette, &c.
Jones, J. F.D., M.D. Hæmorrhage, Lon., 1805, 8vo.
Jones, J. P. 1. Eulogy on A. Laussat, Phila., 1834,
8vo. 2. Penna. State Reports, vols. xi. and xii., Phila.,
1850-52. The set from 1846 to '56 comprises 24 vols.,
viz.: i.-x. by Robt. M. Barr; xi. and xii. by J. P. Jones;
xiii.-xxiv. by George W. Harris.
Jones, J. S. Defence of the Revolutionary Hist. of
North Carolina, Bost.
"A clever controversial tract, indicating the authenticity of the
Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence in 1776 before that
made 4th July, in Philadelphia.”—PRESIDENT CHARLES KING.
See GRISBY, HUGH BLAIR; George Tucker's History
of the United States.
Jones, J. W. A Trans. of all the Greek, Latin, Ita-
lian, and French Quotations which occur in Blackstone's
Commentaries, &c.; also in the Notes of Christian, Arch-
bold, and Williams, Lon., 1823, Svo.
Jones, James. Laws of Jamaica, 1770-S3, Kings-
ton, 1786, 4to.
Jones, James. Sepulchrorum Inscriptiones; or, A
Curious Collect. of Epitaphs in English Verse, Westm.,
1727, 2 vols. 8vo.
Jones, Rev. James. Eternal Prescience, Lon., 1828,
Svo. Suppressed by the Wesleyan Methodist Conference.
Jones, Jenkin. Poems, a novel, &c., 1797, &c.
Jones, Jenkin. Annuities, &c., Lon., 1843, Svo.
Jones, Jeremiah, 1693-1724, minister of a Dissent-
ing congregation at Forest Green, Gloucester, 1. Vindic.
of the former part of St. Matthew's Gospel from Mr.
Whiston's Charge of Dislocations, Lon., 1719, 8vo; Salop,
1721, Svo; Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1803.
“This work is very valuable; it abounds with ingenious remarks
and displays the critical acumen of the author."-DR. IIARWOOD.
"He successfully proved that our present Greek copies of that
Gospel are in the same order in which they were originally written
by that evangelist."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
This work is included in the following: 2. A New and
Full Method of settling the Canonical Authority of the
New Testament, Lon., 1726, 2 vols. 8vo; vol. iii., 1727,
8vo; Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1798, 3 vols. Svo; 1827, 3
vols. 8vo.
"Both these works, particularly the last, are very valuable;
Jones examines all the eminent testimonies respecting the canon
of the New Testament. He collects all the apocryphal books which
have been thought canonical, and gives an English translation of
them, and refutes their pretensions in a very able manner. It is
acknowledged by all parties to be a book of authority.”—Orme's
Bibl. Bib.
external evidence of the authenticity and genuineness of the canoni-
66
Jones has with uncommon the
cal books, and has, with equal ability and fairness, stated his reasons
for deciding against the authority of the apocryphal."-Maltby's
Illustrations of the Truth of the Christian Religion.
"Mr. Jones has given us a complete enumeration of all the apo-
cryphal books of the New Testament, and made a critical inquiry
into each of these books, with an English version of those of them
which are now extant, and a particular proof that none of them
were ever admitted into the Canon; and he hath distinctly pro-
duced and considered every testimony relating to them that is to
be found in any Christian writer or writers of the first four centu-
ries after Christ."-Leland's View of Deistical Writers.
A
The best English work on the Canon of the New Testament."
BICKERSTETH.
"With its contents every young minister ought to make himself
acquainted."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
Jones intended to have prepared a vol. on the Apos-
tolical Fathers. See Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Lon. Gent.
Mag., lxxiii. 501.
Jones, Jezreel. 1. Dissertatio de Lingua Shilhensi,
Amst., 1715. 2. Con. to Phil. Trans., 1699.
Jones, John, author of The Art and Science of Pre-
serving the Body and Soul in Health, Lon., 1579, 4to, and
other medical works, 1556-74, practised at Bath and Der-
byshire. See Athen. Oxon.; Aikin's Biog. Memoirs of
Med.
Jones, John, 1575-1636, an English Benedictine,
wrote Sacra Ars Memoriæ, &c., Douay, 1623, Svo, Con-
ciliatio Locorum Communium totius Scripturæ, 1623, and
edited and aided in some other works. See Athen. Oxon. ;
Dodd's Church Hist.
Jones, J. Serm., Lon., 1615. 8vo.
Jones, J., M.D. Practical Phonography, Lon., 1701, and Love's Conquest, a Tragi-Comedy, Lon., 1635, 4tv.
Jones, John. Adrasta; or, The Woman's Spleene
sm. 4to.
An account of this rare and curious vol. will be
found in Beloe's Anecdotes, vi. 360-365.
Jones, John. Ovid's Invective, or Curse against Ibis,
trans. into English, Oxf., 165S, Svo.
Jones, J. Hawthorn Cottage, Lon., 1815, 2 vols. 12mo.
Jones, J. A. Traditions of the North American In-
dians, or Tales of an Indian Camp, with spirited etchings
by W. H. Brooke, Lon., 1820, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
Jones, John. Legal works, 1650, '51, 24mo.
Jones, John, M.D. Med. treatises, 1683-1701.
Jones, John. Conformity to Ch. of Eng., 1684–1705.
Jones, John. Art of Spelling, Lon., 1704, 4to.
Jones, John. Serm., Oxf., 1728, 8vo.
"A very curious and authentic work. The introduction gives
the sources of each legend. Many of them were taken from the
recital of the old Indian nurse of the author, one of the Pawkun-
nawkeet or Gayhead tribe, in Mass."
Jones, John, b. 1700, Rector of Boulne-Hurst, Bed-
fordshire, pub. a few theolog. treatises, one of which-Free
and Candid Disquisitions relating to the Ch. of England,
Lon., 1749, '50, Svo-produced an animated controversy,
which lasted for several years. See Nichols's Lit. Anec.;
Lon. Gent. Mag., lxxxi., Pt. 1, 510.
Jones, John, M.D., 1729-1791, an eminent physi-
cian, a native of Jamaica, Long Island, a pupil of Dr.
Cadwallader, and the medical preceptor of Dr. Mease,
both of Philadelphia, practised in New York, in the
988
JON
JON
•
Bibl. Bib.
American Army in 1755, and from 1780 to '91 in Phila- | Dieu, Vitringa, Bishops Lowth and Stock, Dathe. Rosenmüller, Ge
delphia. He was the physician of General Washington senius, and others, and he states that he is indebted to the late dis
and of Benjamin Franklin. Plain Remarks upon Wounds tinguished Orientalist, the Rev. Dr. Nicoll, for his kind and able
and Fractures, 1755. After his death, a vol. containing "On the whole, we consider it to be a valuable specimen of trans
his surgical works, with an account of his life, was pub. lation."-Lon. Congreg. Mag., xiv. 357.
by Dr. Mease, 1795, 8vo. See Ramsay's Revolution;
Thacher's Amer. Med. Biog.
Jones, John, Head-Master of the Countess of Hare-
wood's school. 1. Theory and Practice of Notes of Lessons,
Lon., 1853, 12mo. 2. The Liturgical Class-Book, 1855,
12mo; 2d ed. same year.
Jones, John. Poems, Lon., 1779, 4to.
Jones, John. Accurate Calculator, 1784, 4to.
Jones, John, LL.D., d. 1827, a Unitarian minister,
and subsequently a teacher in London, pub. Latin and
Greek Grammars, and a number of theolog, and philolo-
gical works, of which the following are the best-known.
1. The Epist. of Paul to the Romans analyzed, Lon., 1802,
8vo. 2. Illustrations of the Four Gospels, Lon., 1808, 8vo.
"Though the reader will often differ from Mr. Jones in the theo-
logical opinions expressed in this work, he will frequently admire
the ingenuity which it displays, and regret that so much talent and
learning are so ill directed."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
|
|
Jones, John B., b. 1810, at Baltimore, Md. 1. Wild
Western Scenes, Phila., 1849, 12mo: 50,000 copies issued
before 1856. 2. Book of Visions, 1847, 12mo. 3. Rural
Sports; a Poem, 1848. 4. The Western Merchant, 1848,
6. Adventures
12mo. 5. The Rival Belles, 1852, 12mo.
of Col. Vanderbomb, 1852, 12mno. 7. The Monarchist,
1853, 12mo. 8. Life and Adventures of a Country Mer-
chant, 1854, 12mo. 9. Freaks of Fortune, 1854, 12mo.
10. Winkles, a buinorous Tale, 1855, 12mo. An edition
of 5000 copies sold in a few months. 11. The War-Path:
This popular writer has been for a number of years con-
The Second Series of Wild Western Scenes, 1856, 12mo.
nected with the press, and has recently (1857) established
a weekly paper in Philadelphia, entitled The Southern Mo-
nitor, and devoted to the advocacy of Southern interests.
Jones, John Gale, d. 1838, aged 67, a surgeon and
apothecary of London, but more noted as a radical orator
and leader, pub. Observations on the Hooping Cough,
Lon., 1794, 8vo, and several political orations, letters, &c.,
1794-1806. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Aug. 1838.
3. Ecclesiastical Researches, 1812, Svo. 4. Sequel to
the Researches, 1813, 8vo. 5. New Version of the Epistles
to the Coloss., Thessal., Timothy, Titus, and the General
Epist. of James, 1819, 20, 12mo.
C
'In many instances made to support the scheme of the modern
Socinians."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
See Eclectic Rev., N. S., xiv. 277-283.
6. A New Version of the first three Chap. of Genesis,
1819, 8vo.
"It discovers the genius, and also the distressing perversity, of
the learned writer."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
7. A Greek and English Lexicon, 1823, Sro.
"This is a very valuable addition to the means of acquiring a
knowledge of Greek, not only of the classic writers, but of the
Scripture. It contains all the words of the New Testament and
of the Septuagint.... It is, perhaps, not altogether free from the
bias of the author's theological creed."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"I have examined it again and again; and I have no hesitation
in pronouncing it the work of a man of sense and a man of learning.
The usefulness of it is indisputable; and my hope is that it will be
extensively known and justly valued."-Dr. PARR.
An
Also highly commended by the Eclec. Rev. for June,
1825, and the Congreg. Mag. for the same month.
unfavourable notice of this work will be found in the 2d
No. of the Westminster Review. A school ed. of this
valuable Lexicon was pub. by the author. A biographical
account of Dr. Jones, and an account of his works, will be
found in the Lon. Gent. Mag. for April, 1827.
4
Jones, John. Medical, Philosophical, and Vulgar
Errors of various kinds refuted, Lon., 1797, Svo.
Jones, John. Amatory Odes, Epistles, and Sonnets,
the productions of an uneducated youth, Lon., 1799, Svo.
Anon.
Jones, John. Serm., 1812, 4to.
Jones, John, LL.D., 1772-1838, Barrister-at-Law of
London, a native of Derwydd, Caermarthenshire, an emi-
nent scholar, pub. a trans. of Dr. Bugge's Travels in the
French Republic, from the Danish, Lon., 1801, 12mo;
Cyfamod Newydd, or the Gospels trans. into Welsh from
the Greek, 1818, 12mo; and a Hist. of Wales, Svo. Of the
last work, an enlarged and corrected copy, intended for a
new ed., was found among his papers, and he also left in
MS. The Worthies of Wales, or Memoirs of Eminent An-
cient Britons and Welshmen, from Cassebelaunus to the
present time.
A biographical notice of Dr. Jones will be
found in the Lon. Gent. Mag. for March, 1838.
Jones, John, of Indian River, Worcester county,
Maryland. New Species of Grape; Trans. Amer. Soc., i.
406.
Jones, Rev. John, of Waterbeach. Scripture An-
Scripture An-
tiquities, Lon., 182
Designed as an introductory help for the better understanding
of the Sacred Scriptures.”—Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
Jones, John, Archdeacon of Merioneth, and Rector
of Llanbedr. The Moral Tendency of Divine Revelation:
VIII. Discourses at Bampton Lect., 1821, Oxf., 1821, Svo.
Jones, John, an uneducated poet, patronized by
Southey, was b. in 1774, at Clearwell, Gloucestershire.
His Attempts at Verse, by John Jones. an Old Servant,
with an Account of his Life written by Himself, were pub.
in 1831, Svo, and also compose the Appendix to Southey's
Lives of Uneducated Poets, Lon., 1836, 12mo. In the
earlier part of the work will be found Southey's account
of John Jones, and his estimate of his poetical abilities.
Jones's vol. was reviewed in Edin. Rev., liv. 69–84.
Jones, John. The Book of the Prophet Isaiah, trans.
from the Hebrew text of Vander Hooght, Oxf. and Lon.,
1830, 12mo.
"This version is made from the Hebrew text of Vander Hooght's
edition of the Bible, which may now be regarded as the received
Hebrew text. In the elucidation of obscurities, the translator has
Liligently compared the versions and illustrations of Schmidt, De
""
Jones, John Hilton, b. 1827. 1. Guide to Bass, N.Y.,
1853. 2. 66 Psalm Interludes, Bost., 1854. 3. Treat, on
Counterpoint, Bost., 1855. 4. Twelve Organ Voluntaries,
Bost.. 1855. 5. Melodies for the Melodeon.
Jones, Sir John T., Colonel R.A. 1. Journal of the
Sieges of the Allies in Spain, 1811-12, Sro, 1814. 2. Ditto
from 1811-14, 3 vols. Svo, 1846. 3. The War in Spain,
Portugal, and France, 1808-14, Svo, 1818; 2d ed., 1821,
Svo.
Jones, John Winter, Keeper of the Printed Books
in the British Museum. 1. Hakluyt: Divers Voyages
touching the Discovery of America, edited: Hakluyt's So-
ciety's publications, No. 7, 1850. 2. The Travels of Niccolo
Conti in the East, in the Early Part of the Fifteenth Cen-
tury; translated from the original of Poggio Bracciolini,
with Notes: No. 2 in India in the Fifteenth Century;
Hakluyt Soc., 1858, Švo. 3. British Museum: A Guide
to the Printed Books Exbibited to the Public in the Gren-
ville Library and King's Library, 1858, p. 8vo. pp. 31.
Jones, Jonathan. Religious Liberty, Lon.. Svo.
Jones, Rev. Joseph. Theological publications, Lon.,
1840-53.
Jones, Joseph H., D.D., a Presbyterian minister of
2.
Philadelphia. 1. Revivals of Religion, Phila., 1839.
Influence of Physical Causes on Religious Experience,
1846, 18mo. 3. Life of Ashbel Green, D.D., N.York, 1849,
Svo. See GREEN, ASHBEL, V.D.M. 4. Serm. on the Death
of the Rev. C. C. Cuyler, D.D., 1850. Other serms., re-
views, and essays, pub. separately.
Jones, L. T., Captain R.A. British Campaigns on
the Continent in 1794, Birming.. 1797, 4to.
Jones, Rev. Lewis A. Poem, Lon., 1760, 4to.
Jones, Miss Mary, of Oxford. Miscellanies in Prose
and Verse, Lon., 1752, Svo.
*
She was a very ingenious poetess, and published a volume of
poems.
She was sister to the Rev. River Jones, Chanter of
Christ Church Cathedral at Oxford, and Johnson used to call her
the Chantress. I have heard him often address her in this passage
from 11 Penseroso:
**
Thee, Chantress, oft the woods among I woo,' &c.
"She died unmarried.”—THOMAS WHARTOx, in Boswell's Life of
Johnson, Croker's ed.. 1848, r. Svo. 108.
6.
and Devonshire Poet." Poetic Attempts, Lon., 1786, 8vo.
Jones, O., an uneducated journeyman woolcomber
Jones, Oliver J., Captain R.N. Recollections of a
Winter Campaign in India in 1857-1858, Lon., 1858, r. Svo.
Jones, Owen, 1740-1814, pub. a valuable collection.
of Welsh poetry and historical documents in 3 vols. 4to,
under the title of the Archaiology of Wales, the entire
works of the celebrated Cambrian bard Dafydds ab Gwilym,
and other productions, He also collected about sixty vols.
4to of unpub. Welsh poetry composed anterior to the year
1700. A notice of this zealous antiquary-a furrier in
London-will be found in the Lon. Retrospective Review,
1825, xi. 67.
Jones, Owen, an architect of London, b. in Wales
about 1809, deserves honourable mention for his magnificent
volumes, some of which have been already noticed by us.
See HUMPHREYS, HENRY NOEL, No. 3; IRVING, WASHING
TON, No. 9. We must also notice Mr. Jones's trans, from the
989
JON
JON
·
French of Seroux d'Agincourt's History of Art by its
Monuments, from its Decline in the Fourth century to its
Restoration in the Sixteenth, illustrated by 3325 subjects
on 328 plates, 1847, 3 vols. in 1, r. fol.; and Views on the
Nile from Cairo to the Second Cataract, from drawings
made on the spot by Owen Jones and M. Goury, 30 plates,
imp. fol. We also notice: 1. Designs for Mosaic and Tes-
selated Pavements, 1843, imp. 4to. 2. An Attempt to De-
fine the Principles which should Regulate the Employment
of Colour in the Decorative Arts: a Lecture, 1852. 3. An
Apology for the Colouring of the Greek Court, [Crystal
Palace, Sydenham,] &c. 4. The Grammar of Ornament: 100
fol. plates, 3000 examples, with text, 25 pts., 1856, £19 108.
"The Grammar of Ornament is beautiful enough to be the horn
book of angels.”—Lon. Athenæum, April 4, 1857, HI, q. v.
Jones, Pascal. My Uncle Hobson and I; or, Dashes
at Life with a Free Broad-Axe, N. York, 12mo.
:
Jones, Philip. 1. Certaine Sermous, Lon., 1588, 8vo.
2. Certaine Briefe and Special Instructions for Gentle-
men, Merchants, &c. employed in seruices abrode, &c.,
1589, 4to. Very rare; priced, some years since, £4 4×,
Jones, Philip. An Essay on Crookedness or Dis-
tortions of the Spine of Children, Lon., 1788, Svo.
The work is marked by that correctness, clearness, and preci-
sion of style which distinguish all the productions of the learned
author."-Brit. and For. Med. Rev.
1
We can assure students that they cannot meet with a hand-book
on this subject that is more ably or more carefully written.”—Lon.
Jones, R. Two Sermons, Matt. xxviii. 13, in The Med. Gazetle.
I
3. The Wisdom and Beneficence of the Almighty as dis-
played in the Sense of Vision; being the Actonian Prizo
Essay for 1851, 12mo, 1851.
A fit sequel to the Bridgewater Treatises: it is philosophically
and admirably written."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
"This treatise resembles in style of treatment the famous Bridge-
water Treatises.”—Lon. Athenæum,
4. Defects of Sight: their Natural Causes, Prevention,
and General Management, Lon., 1856. 5. Catechism of
the Medicine and Surgery of the Eye and Ear, 1857, 12mo.
6. Editor of 3d ed. of Dr. W. Mackenzie's Prac. Treat. on
Diseases of the Eye; with an Appendix, 1839, Svo.
Jones, Theophilus, or Thomas. Treatises against
Romanism, Lon., 1678, '82, &c.
Phenix, (Lon., 1707, 2 vols.) ii. 476.
Jones, R., Lieut. of Artillery. Treatise on Skating,
Lon., 1772, Svo; new ed., 1855, 12mo.
Jones, R. Hist. of the French Bar, Officers, Courts,
&c., Lon., 1855, Svo.
Jones, Rice, 1715-1801, a Welsh poet, a native of
Merionethshire, pub. a collection of poetry from various
authors, ancient and modern, under the title of Welsh
Anthology, 1770, 4to.
Jones, Richard.
1. Instructions for Christians,
Lon., 1581, Svo. 2. A Catechisme, 1589, 8vo.
Jones, Richard. 1. Perioche in Novum Testamen-
tum Metris Britannicis, Lon., 1653, 8vo. 2. Abstract of
the Bible, digested into Cambrian Metrical Numbers, 1655,
8vo.
Jones, Richard. Serms. and an Essay, 1769–83.
Jones, Richard. Every Builder his own Surveyor,
1809, 8vo.
Jones, Rev. Richard, Prof. of History and Political
Economy at the East India College, Herts, &c. 1. An
Essay on the Distribution of Wealth and on the Sources
of Taxation, Lon., 1831, 8vo. Part 1, new ed., 1844, p.
Bro.
"Perhaps it was hardly necessary to notice this work, which con-
sists principally of a series of irrelevant and inapplicable criticisms
on the theory of rent as explained by Mr. Ricardo. It was reviewed
and fairly appreciated in an article in the 54th volume [84-99] of
the Edinburgh Review, to which we beg to refer such of our readers
as may wish for further information on the subject."-McCulloch's
Lit. of Polit. Econ., 33.
It was also reviewed in the 46th vol. of the Lon. Quar-
terly Review, 81-117. 2. Lectures, Essays, and Literary
Remains, now first collected, with an Introductory Preface
by the Rev. W. Whewell, D.D., Master of Trin. Coll.,
Camb., 1856, Svo.
Jones, Robert. Bookes of Songs, Ayres, Madrigals,
&c., 1601, '07, '08, '09, '11.
Jones, Robert, D.D. Manual of Prayers, 1703, 8vo.
Jones, Robert. Fire-works, Lon., 1766, 8vo.
Jones, Robert, D.D. Serms. on the Commandments,
Ex. xx. 2-17, Lon., 1818, 8vo.
Svo.
Jones, Robert, M.D. 1. The State of Medicine,
Edin., 1781, 8vo. 2. Nervous Fevers, Salisb., 1789,
Jones, Rowland. The Origin of Languages, Lon.,
1764, 8vo. Postscript, 1767, Svo. The author attempts
to prove that the Welsh was the primeval language. He
pub. several other philological works. See Watt's Bibl.
Brit.
Jones, Samuel. Poetical Miscellanies, Lon., 1714,
8vo.
Jones, Samuel, and R. Varick. Laws of the State
of New York, Feb. 1778 to Mch. 1789, N. York, 1789, 2
Vols. fol.
Jones, Samuel. Review of Haldane's Observations
on Forbearance, 1811, 12:no.
Jones, Silas. An Introduction to
An Introduction to Legal Sciences,
N. York, 1842, 12mo.
Jones, Stephen, 1763-1827, has already been noticed
as editor of The Biographica Dramatica, in our notice of
DAVID ERSKINE BAKER, q. v. Jones was connected with
several periodicals, and pub. a number of works, among
which were Masonic Miscellanies, 1797, 12mo, an English
Dictionary, an edit. of Sheridan's Dictionary, (new ed. by
Birkin, 1839,) and a Biographical Dictionary, 2d ed., 1796,
12mo; 8th ed., 1540, 15mo.
"A little work of great value for the accuracy of its dates and
for the neatness and precision of its style."-DR. DRAKE.
notation [in his Dictionary of the English Language] is far moro
"From _careful observation while in England, I know that Jones's
correct than that of Sheridan or Walker."-NoAH WEBSTER: Pref.
to his Dictionary, Springfield, 1852, 4to, lxii. See also Lon. Gent
Mag., Jan. 1828.
Jones, T. Dramas and Poems, Lon., 1805-08, &c.
Jones, T. The Sons; a Tragic Play, Lon., 1809, 12mo.
Jones, T. Reform of Special Pleading, Lon., 1850.
Jones, T. Percy. See AYTOUN, WM. EDMONDS-
TOUNE.
Jones, T. Rupert. See MANTELL, GIDEON A.
Jones, T. Wharton, Prof. of Ophthalmic Medicine
and Surgery in University Collego, London. 1. Manual
of Pharmacology, Lon., 18mo. 2. Manual of Ophthalmic
Medicine and Surgery, 1847, fp. Svo; 2d ed., 1855, fp. Svo
1st Amer. ed. by Isaac Hays, M.D., Phila., 1847, 12mo;
2d Amer. ed. from the 2d Lon. ed., by Edward Hartshorne,
M.D., 1856, 12mo.
..
**
·
Jones, Theophilus. A Hist. of the County of
Brecknock, Breck., 1805-09, 3 vols. 4to, £7 98. 6d.
"A work of great labour and research, containing a great mass
of information not always communicated in the most pleasing
form."-Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
Jones, Thomas. Prolus. Academicæ, Oxf., 1660, Svo.
Jones, Thomas. Welsh and English Dictionary,
Lon., 1688, 12mo; Shrewsb., 1777, 12mo.
Jones, Sir Thomas, a Judge of the King's Bench
under Charles II. and James II., is best known by his
Reports K. B. and C. P., 19 Car. II. to 1 Jac. II., 1667–85.
In French, Lon., 1695, fol.; French and English, 1729, fol.
Cited as Second Jones to distinguish it from Sir William
(First) Jones's Reports..
"It is a work, I believe, of very reputable authority.”—Wallace's
Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 217, q. v.
Argument in the Exchequer Chamber in the Earl of Derby's
Printed at the end of Jones's Reports will be found his
Honourable Society of Ancient Britons, with cuts, 1717,8vo.
Case. Sir Thomas also pub. The Rise and Progress of the
Jones, Thomas. Diseases of Women, 1740, Svo.
Jones, Rev. Thomas, of Southwark. Works: Dis-
Lon., 1763, 8vo; 4th ed., 1775, Svo.
courses and Serms., with a Pref. by Rev. Wm. Romaine,
Jones, Rev. Thomas. Beauties of the Poets, 1777
Jones, Thomas. Con. to Med. Com., 1785.
Jones, Thomas, M.P. Speech, Lon., 1800, Svo.
Jones, Thomas, 1756–1807, Head-Tutor Trin. Coll.,
4to, and an Address to the Volunteers of Montgomeryshire.
Camb., 1787-1807, pub. a Serm. on Duelling, Lon., 1792,
See Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Jones, Thomas, Rector of Creaton. 1. Scripture
Directory, Lon., 1811, Svo; 8th ed., 1839, 12mo. 2. Jonah's
Portrait, 1818, 12mo; 9th ed., 1845, fp. 8vo.
"A very edifying work."-Bickersteth's C. S.
3. The True Christian; 5th ed., 1844, sq. 4. The Pro-
digal's Pilgrimage, 1831, 12mo; new ed., 1847, 16mo. 5.
Sober Views of the Millennium, 1835, 12mo. 6. Fountain
of Life; 3d ed., 1848, 16mo. 7. Notes of 55 Serins. of his
edited by Rev. John Owen, 1851, 12mo.
"Its contents are very interesting and valuable, expressed in lan-
guage simple, concise, and energetic."-Editor's Preface.
See Mr. Owen's Memoir of Mr. Jones, 1851, 12mo; 2d
ed., 1853, 12mo.
Jones, Rev. Thomas. Eccles. Liberality, 1812.
Jones, Thomas. The Mediation of Jesus Christ,
Lon., 1828, 8vo; 3d ed., 1832, Svo.
"Of every section and of every sentence in this book, it may be
truly said, Jesus Christ is all in all.' It is, in fact, a beautiful epi-
tome of the gospel."-W. THORP, T. WINTER, W. LUCY, and T.
BERTS, Bristol; with recommendations also by George Cubitt aud
W. M. Harvard, Wesleyan Ministers.
1
990
JON
JON
Jones, Rev. Thomas. The Interpreter: a Summary
View of the Revelation of St. John, Lon., 1836, 12mo.
This is founded on the Rev. Henry Gauntlett's Expository
Discourses on the Book of Revelation: see p. 656 of this
Dictionary.
"This is a useful little volume on a difficult subject. Although
we could have wished that it had less reference to modern events
and kept to the admirable and sober views of Bishop Newton, yet
it may be safely recommended as, on the whole, a cheap and valu-
able exposition.”—Lım. Chris. Rememb., Nov. 1836, 665.
Jones, Thomas. 1. Irish Excheq. Reports, 1835-37,
Dubl., I vol. and 2 Pts. 8vo. 2. With E. Hayes, do.,
1831-32, 3 Pts. 8vo. 3. With H. Carey, 1838-39, 2 Pts.
8vo. 4. With E. D. Latouchere, Irish Chancery Reports,
1844-46, 3 Pts. 8vo.
Jones, Thomas Rymer, Prof. of Comparative Ana-
tomy in King's College, London, late Fullerian Prof. of
Physiology, Royal Institution. 1. A General Outline of the
Animal Kingdom, and Manual of Comparative Anatomy,
nearly 350 illustrations, 1841, 8vo, 38.; r. Svo, £3 168.;
imp. 8vo, £5 148.; 2d. ed., 1855, 8vo, 31s. 6d.
"In the mean time we may state-and we do so without detract
ing from the merits of other works-that the general ontline of the
Auimal Kingdom is, in our opinion, the best work of the kind in
any language."-Edinburgh Monthly Journal of Medical Science,
May, 1841. Commended also by Lon. Quar. Rev.
2. Lects. on the Nat. Hist. of Animal:: vol. i., 1844, 8vo;
ii., 1852, p. Svo; illustrations. This work is not yet com-
pleted, (1858.)
"Combining in a very felicitous manner the useful with the
agreeable."-Lon Allus.
3. The Aquarian Naturalist, 1858. See Lon. Athen.,
1858, Pt. 2, 301.
i
Jones, Thomas Snell, D.D., Minister of Lady Glen-
orchy's Chapel, Edin. 1. 20 Serms., Edin., 1816, Evo.
"For an accurate knowledge of human nature. exact observa-
tion, and just deductions, for richness of scriptural tru hand purity
of doctrinal views, for ministerial faithfulness and practical utility,
we can refer our readers to few books more appropriately than to
this production of Dr. Jones."-Edin. Chris. Instructor.
I
See also Eclec. Rev. for Sept. 1816. 2. The Life of the
Viscountess Glenorchy: see GLENORCHY, WILLIELMA, VIS-
1
COUNTESS.
Jones, W. The Art of Music, Lon., 1786, fol.
Jones, W. C. Revised Statutes of Missouri, St. Louis,
1845, Svo.
Jones, Walter, D.D., Chaplain-in-Ordinary. 1. As-
size Serm., 1720, 8vo. 2. XVII. Serms.. 1741, 8vo.
than his Synopsis,-which was confided to Lord Maccles-
field for publication, and was neglected or lost. To this
gentleman Mr. Jones devised his mathematical library,
which was said to be the best in England. The work un-
fortunately lost or destroyed was intended to serve as an
introduction to the mathematical and philosophical works
of Sir Isaac Newton. See Lord Teignmouth's Life of Sir
William Jones; Hutton's Dict.; Nichols's Lit. Anec.
Jones, William, M.D. Longitude, Lon., 1780, 4to.
Jones, William. Account of Highwaymen, Lon.,
1774, Svo.
Jones, William. 1. Sixe Bookes of Politickes; from
the Latin of Lipsius, Lon., 1594, 4to. 2. Nennio, or A
Treatise of Nobility; from the Italian of Sir J. B. Nenna,
1595, 4to.
Jones, William, D.D. 1. Serin. on the Nativity,
Lon., 1614, 4to. 2. Treat. of Patience in Tribulation,
1625, 4to.
Jones, William, D.D., of Cambridge. A Comment.
on the Epistles to Philemon and Hebrews, and on the II.
and III. Epistles of St. John, 1635, fol.
Jones, Sir William, M.P., 1566-1640, a native of
Caernarvon, Wales, educated at Oxford, was admitted te
the principal Society of Lincoln's Inn in 1587; Chief-
Justice of the K.B. in Ireland, 1617; Judge of the C.P.
in England, 1620; transferred to the K.B., 1624. Reports
K.B., C.P., Dom. Proc., and Ex. Ch., 18 Jac. I.-17 Car. I.,
1620-41.
Cited as First
In French, Lon., 1675, fol.
Jones, to distinguish it from Sir Thomas (Second) Jones's
Reports. Sir William Jones's Reports is a book of au-
thority; although-to quote from Lord Nottingham-there
is "no book of law so ill corrected or so ill printed." See
Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 185, Marvin's Leg. Bibl.,
428, and authorities cited in both of these vols.
Jones, William, of Nayland, 1726-1800, a native
and at University College, Oxford; Vicar of Bethersden,
of Northamptonshire, was educated at the Charter Houss
Kent, 1764; subsequently Rector of Pluckley, (which he
exchanged for Paston;) Perpetual Curate of Nayland,
and, in 1798, Rector of Hollingbourn. "Jones of Nay-
eminent for learning, piety, and zeal, and his knowledge
land," or "Trinity Jones," as he is sometimes called, was
of music, of which he was an excellent composer. As a
theologian, he belonged to the Hutchinsonian school, and
was the means of converting his friend Bishop Horne to
the same creed. He has the credit of having originated
The British Critic. A collective ed. of his Theological,
Philosophical, and Miscellaneous Works, with his Life, by
Wm. Stevens, was pub. in 1801, 12 vols. Svo; Theological
and Miscellaneous Works, repub., with Life, by Wm. Ste-
vens, 1810, 6 vols. 8vo; a vol. of his Serms., Practical,
Doctrinal, and Explanatory, was pub. in 1829, Svo; two
posthumous vols. (8vo) of Serms. on various subjects and
occasions, now first pub. from the original MSS., edited
There have
by the Rev. Henry Walker, appeared in 1830.
been recent eds. of several of his works. A Life of Jones
Jones, William. A Poem, Lon., 1691, fʊl.
·
Jones, William, 1680–1749, a very eminent mathe-
matician, the friend of Sir Isaac Newton, Halley, and
Mead, the tutor of Lords Hardwicke and Mansfield, and
-still greater distinction-the father of Sir William Jones,
was a native of the island of Anglesey, North Wales, and
a mathematical teacher in London. 1. A New Compen-
dium of the Whole Art of Navigation, Lon.. 1702, Svo.
2. Synopsis Palmariorum Mathesos; or, A New Introduc-
tion to the Mathematics, 1746, Svo. This is a valuable
summary of mathematical science.
of Nayland was pub. in 1849, fp. Svo. Among the best-
known of his publications are: 1. Answer to Bishop Clay-
ton's Essay on Spirit, 1753: see CLAYTON, ROBERT. 2.
The Catholic Doctrine of the Trinity Proved, &c., 1756.
He subsequently published several other treatises in de-
fence of the doctrine of the Trinity.
"One of the most satisfactory defences of that fundamental doc-
trine, on the simple testimony of the Holy Scriptures?”—Bic..er-
steties C. S
His tracts on the Trinity are invaluable."-Williams's C. P.
3. Natural Philosophy, 1762, 4to. 4. Physiological Dis-
quisitions, 1781, 4to. 5. Lects. on the Figurative Lan-
guage of the Holy Scriptures, &c., 1786, Svo; 6th ed., 1821,
Svo: new ed., 1849, 18mo.
6
·
His rules are either ambiguous or indefinite: and, according to
plainest parts of Scripture. More satisfaction will be found in a
his principles, a lively imagination may make any thing out of the
single section of Glassius than in the whole of Mr. Jones's volume."
-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
“His Figurative Language of Scripture, Book of Nature, and
other practical works, are (notwithstanding the excess of figurative
interpretation) interesting and useful."-Bickersteth's C. S.
AP
• His Lectures on the Figurative Language of Scripture are full
of instruction. . . . His Sermons are grievously deficient in Evan-
gelical sentiment.”—Williams's C. P.
•
» Valuable and pious Lectures (on the Figurative Language of
Scripture]."-Horne's Biol. Bib.
These Lectures constitute, in our opinion, one of the most inge-
nious and valuable Works of their Author: they are at once calcu
lated to illustrate and enforce scriptural truths, to throw new light
upon some doubtful passages, to enlarge the understanding, toaffect
the heart and conscience, and stimulate to upright and holy con-
duct."-Eclectic Rev. Aug. 1809.
**
"One of the most interesting works that can be presented to the
young Christian."-Grant's English Church.
6. The Scholar armed against the Errors of the Time,
1792, 2 vols. 8vo. These vols. are composed of a number
of dissertations, extracts, &c. collected by Mr. Jones and
pub. in this shape.
..
These two volumes may be considered as a library in themselves
to any young student of the Church of England, and no such per-
son who takes a fancy to what he there finds can ever fall into So-
cinianism, Fanaticism. Popery, or any of those other modern corrup
tions which infest this Church and nation.”—Jones's Life of Bishop
Horne.
7. The Life of Bishop Horne, 1795, Svo: see HORNE,
George, D.D.
GEORGE, D.D. S. Zoologia Ethica, 1771, Svo.
We have spoken of Mr. Jones as a proficient in music :
he pub. several treatises on this subject, and his own an-
thems, in score, &c., were greatly admired. See his Life
by Wm. Stevens, first printed in the Anti-Jacobin Review,
and subsequently prefixed to his works, (supra.)
"His works contain many things learned, ingenious, and fanci-
ful."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"This work is well worthy of attentive perusal."-DR. F. YOUNG,
Mr. Jones also contributed several mathemat. papers to
Phil. Trans., pub. a number of Sir Isaac Newton's papers
that might otherwise have been lost) under the title of "This eminent Hutchinsonian was the personal friend of Park-
Analysis per Quantitatum Series Fluxiones, ac Differen-hurst and of Bishop Horne; and in talents and learning was at
tias; cum Enumeratione Linearum Tertii Ordinis, 1711,
least equal to either of them. . . . He was a good man, an honest
4to: and, at the time of his death, had ready for the press
an Introduction to the Mathematics,-more comprehensive
patriot, an unbending Churchman, and a valuable writer; but he
sometimes suffered his imagination and love of allegory to eyei “mə
his better judgment."-Williams's C. P.
"A clear, able, and pious writer, though prejudiced against Cal-
vinism."-Bickersteth's C. S.
991
JON
JON
"One of the soundest philosophers and most devout Christians
that the history of our church can boast of."-SWAINSON: Discourse
on Natural History.
"Of this faithful servant of God I can speak both from personal
knowledge and from his writings. He was a man of quick pene
tration, of extensive learning, and the soundest piety; and he had,
beyond any other man I ever knew, the talent of writing upon the
deepest subjects to the plainest understandings."-BISHOP HORS-
LEY: Charges.
|
of the Temple, where he soon evinced the same thirst for
the acquisition of legal knowledge which previously sti-
mulated his philological and other less abstruse investiga-
tions. He was admitted to the Bar in 1774, and appointed
a Commissioner of Bankrupts in 1776. As carly as 1768
he had gained great reputation by a translation, made at
the request of the King of Denmark, of the Life of Nadir
Shah, from an Eastern MS. into the French language.
This, together with Pieces relative to the French transla-
Disser-
tion, &c., was pub. in 1770, London, 2 vols. 4to.
tation sur la Littérature Orientale was pub. in 1771, Svo,
and in the same year appeared his Grammar of the Per-
sian Language, 4to. The 7th ed. was pub. 1809, 4to, and
in this ed. (and in that pub. in 1804, also edited by Dr.
Charles Wilkins) the orthography is adapted to the mode
of spelling adopted by Dr. Wilkins in his improved ed. of
Richardson's Persian Dictionary. The Grammar will be
found in vol. v. of the Svo ed. of Jones's Works, (13 vols. ;)
but the last and best eds. are those by Professor Samuel
Lee, of Cambridge, 1823, 4to, and 1828, 4to. In 1772, Svo,
(2d ed. 1777. Svo,) he gave to the world Poems, consisting
chiefly of Translations from the Asiatic Language; in
1774, 8vo, Poeseos Asiaticæ, &c., or, Commentaries (in
Latin) on the Asiatic Poetry; and in 1778, 4to, a trans.,
with Notes, of the Speeches of Isus from the Greek.
performance."-DR. ADAM CLARKE.
"It is almost impossible to overlook the excellence of this finished
Thus did this excellent woman-as evinced in the lines
just quoted, and in her future happy experience-secure
the reward promised by inspiration and recorded by the
wisest of men: "Her children rise up and call her blessed;
her husband also, and he praiseth her." It was to the sole
charge of such a mother that William Jones was left, by
the decease of his father, when he had scarcely reached his
third year. He early manifested an ardent thirst for know-
ledge, which his maternal instructor well knew how to turn
into profitable channels :
"The mother of Sir William Jones, having formed a plan for the
The last work was followed by a Latin Ode to Liberty,
to which succeeded-the proximity is somewhat amusing
-a matter-of-fact Inquiry into the Legal mode of sup-
pressing Riots. In the next year-1781, Svo-appeared
his learned Essay on the Law of Bailments, which is now
more valued as a literary than as a legal production, and
which-perhaps even an American and a layman may be
permitted to remark-is far inferior to Judge Story's great
work on the same subject. Jones's Essay, however, is
not to be denied considerable merit; and Judge Story
wrote under a better comprehension of the subject as a
branch of the Common Law than was attainable in the
days of his predecessor. The 2d ed. of Jones's Essay,
edited by John Balmanno, was pub. in 1798; the 3d, by
J. Nicholl, in 1823; the 4th, by W.- Theobald, in 1831.
The Amer. eds. are, the reprint of the 2d English ed.,
Brattleborough, 1813, 12mo; of the 3d English ed., with
education of her son, withdrew from great connexions, that she
might live only for that son. Her great principle of education was
to excite curiosity; the result could not fail to be knowledge. Read
and you will know,' she constantly replied to her filial pupil. And
we have his own acknowledgment that to this maxim, which pro
duced the habit of study, he was indebted for his future attain-
ments."-Disraeli on the Literary Character, ed. Lon., 1840, 441.
When he had completed his seventh year, he was placed
at Harrow School, under the tuition of Dr. Thackeray; and
this rigid preceptor, so economical of his commendations
in the presence of his best pupils, did not hesitate to de-addit. Notes and References, by W. Halstead, N. York,
clare in private that William Jones
1828, Svo; and an ed. pub. in Phila., 1836, Svo. See 25
Lon. Monthly Rev., 236; lxvi. 298; 2 Amer. Jur., 78; vii.
137; 6 N. Amer. Rev., 46, (by Judge J
Joseph Story;) xxxvi.
408, (by. Dr. Chas. Follen;) Bridg. Leg. Bibl., 176; 7 Leg.
Obs., 117; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 429; Story's Miscell.
Writings, 68, 75, 204, 239. We know of nothing that we
can quote in this connexion so much to our purpose, so
strictly pertinent, as the glowing tribute of Mr. Justice
Story to the merits of his illustrious brother of the law:
"Was a boy of so active a mind, that, if he were left naked and
friendless on Salisbury Plain, he would nevertheless find the road
|
to fame and riches."
¡
A
Jones, Sir William, Sept. 28, 1746-April 24, 1794,
one of the most illustrious characters on the page of his-
tory, was a native of London, and a son of the eminent
mathematician of the same name whose remarkable at-
tainments in his favourite science we have already com-
memorated. The learning of the family was not confined
to either of these persons, for the mother of Sir William
was also noted for her erudition, as well as for the virtues
and accomplishments more usual to her sex. That the
successful pursuit of knowledge detracted nothing from
the latter more valuable recommendations, we have the
unequivocal testimony of her husband:
"She was virtuous without blemish; generous without extrava-
gance; frugal but not niggard; cheerful but not giddy; close but
not sullen; ingenious but not conceited; of spirit but not passion-
ate: of her company cautious; in her friendship trusty; to her
parents dutiful; and to her husband ever faithful, loving, and
obedient."
1
This eulogium was endorsed by Dr. Sumner, Thackeray's
successor in 1761, so that when Jones was entered of
University College, Oxford, in the spring of 1764, great
expectations were reasonably entertained of his future
distinction. His fond mother would not consent to a se-
paration, which would have been equally distressing to
the object of her devoted attachment, and, to the great joy
of William, now in his eighteenth year, she accompanied
him to Oxford. During his short residence at this famous
seat of learning-to which he brought far more learning
than the majority of graduates carry from it--he applied
himself so assiduously to his studies, that his health would
probably have been undermined for life, had he not taken
care to vary the seclusion of the closet with the athletic
exercises in which he was a distinguished proficient. In
these amusements, whilst yet at Harrow,-which Jones
also pressed into the service of classic learning by giving
them a dramatic character-his principal associates were
William Bennet, afterward Bishop of Cloyne, and Samuel
Parr, the equally famous "Birmingham Doctor." The
The
fame of young Jones's erudition having reached the ears
of Earl Spencer, he sent him an invitation to become an
inmate of his family in the capacity of tutor to Lord
Althorpe, then seven years of age. This proposal was
accepted, and in the summer of 1765 he removed to Wim-
bledon Park, where he found himself most pleasantly situ-
ated in the midst of kind friends, and with ample oppor-
tunities of pursuing his favourite researches into Oriental
literature. A Fellowship at Oxford conferred upon him
in the course of the following summer was an agreeable
addition to the substantial comforts which now rewarded
the studious zeal for which he had been distinguished from
his earliest years. In 1767, and again in 1770, he visited
the Continent with the Spencer family, and whilst there
eagerly availed himself of the literary opportunities which
the absence of engrossing occupations now permitted him
freely to enjoy. On his return to England, he determined
to embrace the profession of the law; and we find him on
the 19th of September, 1770, duly recorded as a student
“The doctrine of bailments (which lies at the foundation of the
law of shipments) was almost struck out at a single heat by Lord
Holt, [Note: The case of Coggs v. Bernard, 2 Ld. Raym. R. 909,]
who had the good sense to incorporate into the English code that
already built up on the continent of Europe. What remained to
system which the text and the commentaries of the civil law had
give perfect symmetry and connection to all the parts of that sys-
tem, and to refer it to its principles, has been accomplished in our
times by the incomparable Essay of Sir William Jones, a man of
whom it is difficult to say which is most worthy of admiration, the
splendour of his genius, the rareness and extent of his acquire-
ments, or the unspotted purity of his life. Had he never written
any thing but his Essay on Bailments, he would have left a name
unrivalled in the common law for philosophical accuracy, elegant
learning, and finished analysis. Even cold and cautious as is the
habit, if not the structure, of a professional mind, it is impossible
to suppress enthusiasm when we contemplate such a man.”—North
American Review, vi. 46-47, Nov. 1817; and in Story's Miscell.
Writings, 1852, 67-68.
In March, 1783, Mr. Jones was appointed a judge of the
Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William, and received
the honour of knighthood, and about the same time-a
happiness which perhaps he valued more than either of
the instances of good fortune just named-he was married
to Anna Maria Shipley, eldest daughter of the Bishop of
St. Asaph. His friends were rejoiced to see his eminent
merit not unsuitably rewarded, and Lord Ashburton con-
gratulated him on having at once secured two of the
first objects of human pursuit,-those of ambition and
love."
In April, 1783, Sir William Jones and his lady embarked
for India, and arrived at Calcutta in the month of Sep-
tember. That ardour in the pursuit of knowledge which
was one of his most distinguishing characteristics was
not allowed to slumber in his adopted home. He called
around him those who were likely to sympathize with his
interest in the cause of learning, and in nine months after
992
JON
JON
his arrival had the satisfaction of establishing a society,
the "Transactions" of which have added greatly to our
knowledge of Asiatic literature and science. Before his
departure he had exhibited his knowledge of an abstruse
department of Oriental literature by his translations into
English of an Arabian poem on the Mohammedan Law
of Succession to the Property of Intestates, (1782, 4to,)
and of The Moallakat, or Seven Ancient Arabian Poems,
(1783, 4to;) and he now determined to qualify himself, by
acquiring a knowledge of the Sanskrit, for the preparation
of a digest of Hindu and Mohammedan Laws, similar to
that which Justinian gave to his Greek and Roman sub-
jects. The year 1789 was made memorable in Anglo-
India literary annals by the publication of the first volume
of the Asiatic Researches, and the completion of Sir
William Jones's translation of Sacontala, or The Fatal
Ring, [Sakoon tala; or, The Lost Ring?] an ancient Indian
drama by Kálidása. This was not pub., however, until the
appearance of the collective ed. of Sir William's Works,
in 1799, 6 vols. 4to. In 1794, 8vo, (2d ed., 1797, 8vo,)
he pub., as an institute prefatory to his larger work, a
trans. of the Ordinances of Menu, "who is esteemed by
the Hindus the first of created beings, and not only the
oldest, but the holiest, of legislators." Sir William had
intended in the following year (1795) to follow Lady Jones,
who had been compelled by ill-health to return to England
in 1793; but it was not so written. On the evening of the
20th of April, or about that date, exposure to the night-
air during a protracted ramble brought on an inflamma-
tion of the liver, which resulted fatally within a week.
Thus died, far away from home, and separated from her
whose presence could best have soothed the pangs of a
dying hour, this illustrious Englishman, ere he had num-
bered forty-eight years, during one-fourth of which he
had enjoyed a reputation for scholarship unequalled by
any one living. But he was not alone: his excellent friend
Lord Teignmouth closed his eyes in death, and the God
whom he had long served in fervency of faith and humi-
lity of spirit did not forget him in the time of weakness
and the hour of trial:
;
1784-94. On the Hindus, the Arabs, the Tartars, the
Persians, the Chinese, the Borderers, &c. of Asia; the
origin and families of nations, Asiatic history, and the
philosophy of the Asiatics. A dissert. on the orthogra-
phy of Asiatic words in Roman letters. On the goda of
Greece, Italy, and India. IV. On the Chronology of the
Hindus. Antiquity of the Indian Zodiack. On the Lite-
rature of the Hindus; from the Sanscrit. On the second
classical book of the Chinese. The lunar year of the
On the
Hindus. The musical modes of the Hindus.
mystical poetry of the Persians and Hindus. Gitagovinda;
or, The Song of Jayadeva. Remarks on the Island of
Hinzuan. Conversation concerning the city of Gwender.
On the course of the Nile. On the Indian game of Chess.
Indian grant of land. Inscriptions. Cure of the Ele-
phantiasis, &c. Tales and Fables by Nizami, [translated |
On
V. The design of a treatise on the plants of India.
the Spikenard of the Ancients, with a Supp. by W. Rox-
burgh, M.D. On the fruit of the Mellori. Catalogue of
Indian Plants. A Grammar of the Persian Language. A
catalogue of the most valuable books in the Persian Lan-
guage. Index to the Persian Grammar, [A Vocabulary.]
The Hist. of the Persian Language. VI. Poeseos Asiatica
Commentariorum, libri vi., cum appendice subjicitur Limon,
seu miscellaneorum liber. VII. Charges to the Grand
Jury at Calcutta, 1783-92.
Jury at Calcutta, 1783–92. Institutes of Hindu Laws;
or, The Ordinances of Menu, according to the Gloss. of
The
VIII. Institutes of Menu, continued.
Calluca.
Mohammedan Law of Succession to Property of Intestates.
The Mohammedan Law of Inheritance. An Essay on the
Law of Bailments. An Inquiry into the Legal Mode of
Suppressing Riots. Speech on the Reformation of Par-
Character of
liament. The Principles of Government.
Lord Ashburton. IX. The Speeches of Isæus, &c., [trans-
lated,] with Notes and Commentary. Sacontala, or The
Futal Ring; an Indian drama, by Calidas, trans. from
the original Sanscrit. X. The Moallakat; or, Seven
Arabian Poems, which were suspended on the Temple at
Mecca. Poems, consisting chiefly of translations from the
Asiatic languages; to which are added two essays: 1. On
the Poetry of the Eastern Nations; 2. On the Arts com-
monly called Imitative. Lettre à M du P[erron]., dans
laquelle est compris l'Examen de sa Traduction des Livres
attribués à Zoroastre. XI. L'histoire de Nadir Chah.
Traité sur la Poésie
XII. L'histoire Chah, continued.
Introduc. to the Hist. of Nadir Shah: 1.
Orientale.
A description of Asia; 2. A short history of Persia.
The Enchanted
XIII. Hitopadesa of Vishnusarman.
Fruit; or, The Hindu Wife, an antediluvian Tale, [in verse.]
Hymns; to Camdeo, to Pracrati, &c., [in verse.] The first
Nemean ode of Pindar. Extracts from the last book of
the Ramayan. Extracts from the Vedas. Fragments.
Catalogue of Oriental MSS. presented to the Royal
Society.
The above list of writings, especially when considered
in connexion with the multiplied personal engagements
of the author, certainly exhibits evidence of no ordinary
|
literary industry. The admiration of the reader will be
increased by an inspection of a table of the languages
with which this eminent linguist was more or less familiar.
1. Greek. 2. Latin. 3. Italian. 4. French. 5. Spanish.
6. Portuguese. 7. Hebrew. S. Arabic. 9. Persian. 10.
11. German.
Turkish.
12. English. 13. Sanskrit.
Hindostanee. 15. Bengalee. 16. Thibetan. 17. Pali.
18. Phaluvi. 19. Deri. 20. Chinese. 21. Russian. 22.
Runic. 23. Syriac. 24. Ethiopic. 25. Coptic. 26. Dutch.
27. Swedish. 28. Welsh.
14.
But Sir William's circle of attainments was by no means
limited to a knowledge of languages, or to the various
subjects upon which he employed his fertile pen, as indi-
cated in the preceding catalogue of his productions: in
chemistry, mathematics, botany, and music, he was also
deeply versed.
·lie seems,” says Lord Teignmouth, "to have acted on this
maxim:-that whatever had been attained was attainable by him;
and he was never observed to overlook or to neglect any opportu-
nity of adding to his accomplishments or to his knowledge. When
in India, his studies began with the dawn, aud, in seasons of inter-
mission from professional duty, continued throughout the day:
meditation retraced and confirmed what reading had collected or
investigation discovered. By a regular application of time to par-
ticular occupations, he pursued various objects without confusion;
and, in undertakings which depended on his individual perseverance,
he was never deterred by difficulties from proceeding to a successful
termination.”—Life of Sir William Jones.
The great success with which he pursued his investiga-
tions into the literature of the East has elicited the admi-
ration of all who have carried the spirit of inquiry into
the same department:
I
..
}
i
His bodily suffering," says his lordship, "from the complacency
of his features and the ease of his attitude, could not have been
severe; and his mind must have derived consolation from those
sources where he had been in the habit of seeking it, and where
alone, in our last moments, it can ever be found.”
His remains were interred in the burial-ground at Cal-
cutta; but a stately monument to his memory arrests the
thoughtful attention of the visitor to St. Paul's Cathedral.
The testimony of Sir William Jones to the authenticity
and inspiration of the Holy Scriptures, and the weight and
value of the sanctions and the consolations by which they
appeal to the mind and heart of man, is of peculiar value.
Profoundly versed in the languages in which they were
originally written, and skilled to a surprising extent in the
peculiarities of Oriental literature,-starting moreover,
when a young man, with a skeptical bias against the claims
of revelation, the conclusion to which his mind was
brought by his researches is thus told in his own words:
!
"I have regularly and attentively read the Holy Scriptures, and
am of opinion that this volume, independent of its divine origin,
contains more sublimity and beauty, more pure morality, more im-
portant history, and finer strains of poetry and eloquence, than
can be collected from all other books, in whatever language or age
they may have been composed."
This will remind the reader very forcibly of the remark
of the illustrious friend of Sir William Jones's father, Sir
Isaac Newton:
¡
"I find more sure marks of the authenticity of the Bible than in
any profane history whatever.”
With us, we confess, such evidence is irresistible; and
certain it is that if the testimony of these great men, or
of either of them, had leaned to the other side of the
question, we should never have heard the last of it from
unbelievers.
A collective ed. of the works of this eminent scholar
was pub. by his friend Lord Teignmouth, in 1799, in 6
vols. 4to; to these were added two supplementary volumes,
in 1801, and a Life by Lord Teignmouth in 1804; in all,
9 vols. 4to. The whole were reprinted in 1807, in 13 vols.
Svo, with the exception of the supplementary volumes, the
contents of which were not written by Sir William, but
consist of a reprint of such parts of the vols. of the Asiatic
Researches pub. under his presidency as had not been
inserted among his works. The contents of the 13 vols.
of which Sir William Jones's works consist are as follows:
I., II. Memoirs of the Author, by Lord Teignmouth.
III. Lord Teignmouth's Discourse at a Meeting of the
Asiatic Society, [on the decease of Sir William Jones;]
Anniversary Discourses (XI.) before the Asiatic Society,
63
1
993
JON
JON
"There are few authors to whom Oriental literature is under
more deep obligations than to Sir William Jones; few who, like
him, have not merely pointed out original and important sources
of knowledge, but contributed in no inconsiderable degree to render
them accessible. He was equally remarkable for his ardour and
industry in philological pursuits, from a very early period of his
life, until its premature and lamented close."-Welsford: Origin
of the English Language.
"William Jones has as yet had no rivals in the department which
he selected; no one appears to have comprehended as he did the
antiquities of Asia, and, above all, of India. with the acuteness of a
philosopher, or to have seen the mode of reconciling every thing
with the doctrine and history of the Scriptures."-FREDERICK VON
SCHLEGEL: Lects. on the Hist. of Literature, Ancient and Modern;
Lect. XIV.
And see Lect. V., where several of Sir William's trans-
lations aro briefly noticed.
It is to be remembered that Schlegel penned the pas-
penned the pas-
sages just quoted almost half a century since,—in 1812.
Since that date Oriental literature has been cultivated with
great success by Horace Hayman Wilson, Duncan Forbes,
Monier Williams, J. Cockburn Thomson. Eastwick, Cowell,
Cassal, Griffith, Barker, Keene, Johnson, Prinsep, and
others. Among the modern specimens of translations from
the Sanskrit, we may briefly notice that of the Bhagavad-
Gitá. by J. C. Thomson, and the version of Sakoon tala,
or The Lost Ring, by M. Williams. The prose transla-
tions of these works-that of the former by Sir Charles
Wilkins, of the latter by Sir William Jones-had made
thew known to Oriental scholars, but in the new versions
recently published (1855) they are likely to have a much
wider circulation. Sakoon tala, or The Lost Ring, has
elicited ardent eulogies from those who have taken the
pains to acquaint themselves with its many beauties:
"The only specimen of their plays (nataks) hitherto known to
us is the delightful Sakontala, which, notwithstanding the foreign
colouring of the native climate, bears in its general structure such
a striking resemblance to our own romantic drama, that we might
be inclined to suspect we owe this resemblance to the predilection
for Shakspeare entertained by the English translator, (Sir William
Jones,) if his fidelity were not attested by other learned Oriental-
ists.”—AUGUSTUS WILLIAM VON SCHLEGEL: Lects. on Dramat. Art
and Lil., 1808; Lect. II.
“Of all Indian poems, so far as we are as yet acquainted with
them, that of Sokuntola (which bas been translated with the most
scrupulous exactness by Jones) is the work which gives the best
idea of Indian poetry: it is a speaking example of that sort of
beauty which is peculiar to the spirit of their fictions."-FREDERICK
VON SCHLEGEL: Lects. on the Hist. of Lit.. 1812; Lect. V.
**
Kálidása, the celebrated author of Sakoontala, is a masterly
describer of the influence which nature exercises upon the minds
of lovers. This great poet flourished at the Court of Vikramaditya,
and was therefore contemporary with Virgil and Horace. Tender-
ness in the expression of feeling, and richness of creative fancy,
have assigned to him his lofty place among the poets of all nations."
-ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT.
But the glowing eulogy of Goethe must not be omitted:
"Wouldst thou the young year's blossoms and the fruits of its
decline,
And all by which the soul is charm'd, enraptured, feasted, fed?
Would thou the earth and heaven itself in one sole name combine?
I name thee, O Sakontala! and all at once is said."
Khirad-Afroz, Anvar-i Suhaili, Gulistán, Bágh o Bahár,
and Prein Ságar, by Prof. E. B. Eastwick; a selection
from the Odes of Háfiz, and Vikramorvásí, by Prof. E. B.
Cowell; the Anekártha of Hemachandra, by Charles Cassal;
Baitál Pachísí, by Prof. W. B. Barker; Akhlák-i Muhsiní,
by Prof. H. G. Keene; and Hitopadésa, by Prof. Johnson.
We observe that a prize of £300 has been recently of-
fered, (March, 1857,) by a gentleman lately a member of
the Bengal Civil Service, for the best treatise on the Ve-
danta. The treatise is to be written in German or French.
The essays are to be lodged with the Royal Asiatic Society
before April 1, 1860, and Professor Lassen, of Bonn, Dr.
Windischmann, of Munich, and Professor Max Müller, of
Oxford, are to be the examiners and adjudicators. The
object is to elicit treatises which will be of assistance to
Christian missionaries in the East. Some years ago, the
same gentleman who offers this prize placed two sums of
£500 at the disposal of the Universities of Oxford and
Cambridge, for essays on Christianity and Hinduism.
But we have wandered from our theme, and the length
of our article warns us to return. It may be readily sup-
posed that the melancholy news of the early demise of the
profound scholar, the upright judge, the conscientious
Christian, and the affectionate friend, elicited many tears
not only in the land where he had been known from boy-
bood, but also in his adopted home, among a simple and
confiding people, who had suffered too much from the
cruelty and extortion of many of his countrymen not to
know how to value a man of such true nobility of character
as Sir William Jones:
Y
|
"The pundits who were in the habit of attending him," remarks
his friend and biographer, “when I saw them at a public durbar a
few days after that melancholy event, could neither restrain their
tears for his loss, nor find terms to express their admiration at the
wonderful progress which he had made in the sciences which they
professed."-LORD TEIGNMOUTH: Life of Sir William Jones.
The commendations of his countrymen have been la-
vished upon his character and attainments with all the pro-
fusion of eloquence animated by the warmth of affection,
and yet have not exceeded the rigid estimate of impartial
criticism.
"Know him, sir!" exclaimed the friend of his boyhood. Samu
Parr,-who, with all his pompous affectation, had a warm heart under
his Roman mail,-" Know him, sir! who did not know him? Who
did not bend in devout respect at the variety and depth of his
learning, the integrity of his principles, and the benevolence of his
heart?"-Burker's Purriana, 322.
and cultivated and classical taste, than in the volumes here noticed
"Need I dwell a moment," says Dr. Dibdin, "on the recommen-
dation of the works of Sir William Jones? A scholar, a critic, phi-
losopher, lawyer, and poet,—where shall we find, in the works of
the same man, greater demonstrations of pure and correct feeling,
and recommended? The piety of Sir William Jones was not inferior
to his learning. A thoroughly good and great-minded man, his cau-
tion, humility, and diffidence were equal to his learning and multi-
farious attainments; and there is a vigour and raciness in his
translations of Persian poetry which give them the enchanting air
of original productions.”—Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 425.
"His writings everywhere breathe pure taste in morals as well
as in literature; and it may be said with truth, that not a single
sentiment has escaped him which does not indicate the real elegance
and dignity which pervaded the most secret recesses of his mind.
No author is better calculated to inspire those generous sentiments
lifeless."SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH.
of liberty without which the most just principles are useless and
Mr. Williams's translation is a free one, and in prose
and verse, and a great improvement (according to Profes-
sor H. H. Wilson) upon the original translation by Sir
William Jones. Whilst noticing modern translations of
this school, we must not onit to make honourable mentionably
of the following:
splendour of a great reputation, but with almost all the amiable
"The name of Sir William Jones is associated not only with the
and exemplary virtues; and the tender affections, which were a
little chilled by the aspect of his vast literary attainments, are won
sweetly back, and rest with delight upon the view which is here
exhibited (in Lord Teignmouth's Life of Sir William Jones] of the
purity, the integrity, and the mildness of his private manners.
The most remarkable features of his character, indeed, seem to.
have resulted from the union of this gentleness and modesty of dis-
position with a very lofty conception of his own capability and
destination."-LORD JEFFREY: Review of Lord Teignmouth's Life of
Sir Wm. Jones, Edin, Rev., v. 329–330, Jan. 1805.
of knowledge which the ordinary faculties of men, if they were
"In the course of a short life, Sir William Jones acquired a degree
blessed with antediluvian longevity, could scarcely hope to surpass.
His learning threw light on the laws of Greece and India, on the ge
neral literature of Asia, and on the history of the family of nations
He carried philosophy, eloquence, and philanthropy into the cha
racter of a lawyer and a judge. Amidst the driest toils of erudition,
he retained a sensibility to the beauties of poetry, and a talent for
transfusing them into his own language, which has seldom been
united with the same degree of industry. When he went abroad,
it was not to enrich himself with the spoils of avarice or ambition,
but to search, amidst the ruins of Oriental literature, for treasures
which he would not have exchanged
(
For all Bocara's vaunted gold,
Or all the gems of Samarcand.'
THOMAS CAMPBELL.
But Lord Jeffrey takes a view of this subject less dis-
couraging to the young student, and tells us that,
"Great as Sir William Jones's attainments unquestion-
were, they may be contemplated without despair by
any one who is not frightened by his industry." Nor is
his lordship disposed to concede to Sir William Joues's mind
the attributes of original genius, philosophical acumen, or
great strength of understanding. A similar opinion to this
was expressed in very decided terms by one who, as we have
just seen, entertained the highest admiration for Sir Willam's
character,-Sir James Mackintosh. But the time for quota-
tion is passed, and the curious reader can pursue this matter
further by referring to the Edinburgh Review for January,
1805,-Lord Jeffrey's Review of Lord Teignmouth's Life
of Sir William Jones; and to the North American Review
for October, 1832,-Alexander H. Everett's Conversations
with Sir James Mackintosh; Sir James Mackintosh's Life.
Jones, William. Insanity; Med. Com., 1786.
Jones, William. Three Serms., 1778-96.
Jones, William. Works on astronomy, mathema
tics, geography, and natural philos., Lon., 1782–1800, &c.
Jones, William. Art of Music, Colches., 1784, fol.
Jones, William. Two Serms., Lon., 1790–94.
Jones, William. Spectacles; Nic. Jour., 1804.
Jones, William, 1762-1846, a native of Poulton,
England, a booksoller and pastor of a Scotch Baptist
Church in Finsbury.
Church in Finsbury. 1. Life of Abr. Booth, Lon., 1808,
Svo. 2. Hist. of the Waldenses, 1811, 8vo. Subsequently
pub. under the title of The Hist. of the Christian Churchi
to the 18th Cent., including the Hist. of the Waldensos
and Albigenses; 4th ed., 1819, 2 vols. 8vo.
199
994
JUN
JON
named gentleman, that, "if Ben Jonson's mother married
a second time, we have yet to ascertain who was her second
husband." That the future poet, however, did in his carly
routh give some reluctant attention to the useful art and
mystery of brickmaking, we have his own avowal, con
veyed in most disgustful terms. Previously to this un..
promising entrance upon the responsibilities of active life,
Jonson had pursued his studies at the school attached to
St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, at Westminster School, (under
the illustrious Cainden.) and for a week or month, when in
his sixteenth year, at St. John's College, Cambridge. After
throwing aside his trowel, the mechanic turned soldier, and
gained great distinction by his bravery while serving in a
campaign in the Low Countries. There is a tradition that
on his return to England at the age of nineteen he re-
turned to pursue his studies at Cambridge; but this conjec-
ture appears to have no better foundation than the difficulty
of otherwise accounting for that proficiency which he un-
doubtedly acquired in some of the Latin authors. It ap-
pears much more likely that he immediately became cou-
nected with the stage,-where he had but little success na
an actor, and not long after applied his literary talent to
good purpose by assisting the dramatists of the day in the
composition of their pieces. An unfortunate quarrel with
a brother-actor, named Gabriel Spencer, led to a duel which
resulted in the death of the latter and the imprisonment,
for about a twelvemonth, of the unhappy victor. Whilst
in prison, he was visited by a Roman Catholic priest, who
presented his doctrines in so favourable a light to the re-
pentant duellist that he became a convert, and for twelve
years retained the ecclesiastical connexion thus com-
nenced. The young actor was no sooner discharged from
custody than he sought to resign his freedom, and, perhaps
without a due appreciation of the serious step he was
taking, was not satisfied until able to write himself a mar-
ried man. The hardships of poverty pressed sorely upon
the young couple, whose sole fortune consisted in their
abundant stock of mutual affection, (we speak of the honey-
moon,) and the actor determined to become an author in
the enlarged sense of that term, by trying his luck with a
drama, calculated, he fondly hoped, to produce a harvest
of profit and reputation. The precise time at which he
composed the Comedie of Euery Man in his Hvmvr can-
not now be ascertained, but it was originally acted by the
Lord-Chamberlain's servants, in the form in which we have
it, in the year 1598, although it is asserted that it was acted
eleven times between Nov. 25, 1596, and Nov. 10, 1597.
He seems to have previously written for the stage con-
jointly with others, as we have intimated above, and with-
out assistance; but we are obliged to commence the list of
his ascertained productions with the play just named.
This at once gained him fame and enemies; and now seem
to have commenced those literary quarrels the details of
which form so large a portion of Jonson's personal history.
Rejecting the stories of his misunderstandings with Shak-
speare, who, it is asserted,—but the assertion is not believed
by Gifford,-was the means of introducing his first comedy
on the stage, we still leave our poet's hands full of his
assailants,-Decker, Marston, Gill, and other active com-
This successful piece was followed by Euery
Man ort of his Hvmvr, A Comicall Satyre, first acted in
1599; Cynthias Revels, or The Fountayne of Selfe-Loue,
first acted in 1599; The Poetaster, or His Arraignement,
a Comicall Satyre, first acted in 1601; Seianvs his Fall, a
Tragedie, first acted in 1603; Volpone, or The Foxe, a
Comedie, first acted in 1605; Epicoene, or The Silent
Woman, Comoedie, first acted in 1609; The Alchemist, a
Comœdie, first acted in 1610; Catiline his Conspiracy, a
Tragedie, first acted in 1611. So far we have quoted the
titles of our author's principal productions (not pausing
to notice his minor pieces) from his own collective edit.
of his Workes, pub. in 1616, now lying before us. Το
these succeed, in this ancient folio, Epigrammes. I. Booke;
The Forrest, (Songs, Odes, &c. :) Part of the King's En-
dra-tertainment in passing to his Coronation; A Panegyre on
The Happie Entrance of James ovr Soveraigne to His
first high Session of Parliament in this his Kingdom the
19 of March, 1603; Masqves at Coort.
batants.
It will be seen that in this folio, pub. in 1616, the author
did not include the Comedies of Bartholomew Fair, pro-
duced in 1614, and the Devil's an Ass, produced in 1616.
It is probable, also, that a number of minor pieces written
before this time (many are without any cate) were re-
served by the author for a future volume of his collected
Workes:
"Contains a great variety of curious and highly-interesting par-
ticulars."-Lm. Month. Rev.
3. The Biblical Cyclopædia; or, Dictionary of the Holy
Scriptures, 1816, 2 vols. 8vo. Last ed., 1840, Svo.
"The plan of this Biblical Cyclopædia is less extensive than that
of Dr. J. Robinson's Dictionary.”—Horne's Bibl. Bib.
"A very useful book of reference on almost all subjects relating
to the sacred volume. It is the production of an able and diligent
man.”— Williams's C. P.
“The author is a decided Calvinist. The geographical portion of
his work is particularly well executed."-Londes's Bibl. Man.
See a review in the British Critic, N. S., 445. 4. Dic-
tionary of Religious Opinions, 1817, 12mo. Reprinted.
"The description of each sect is given with very tolerable accu-
racy and candour: and we can fairly say that it is, upon the whole,
the best book of the kind that we have seen."-British Critic.
5. Serms. by, and the Life of. Archibald McLean, 1817,
80. 6. Christian Biography. 1829, 12mo. 7. Lects. on
the Apocalypse, 1829, Svo. The author argues against the
doctrine of the personal reign of Christ on earth. Com-
mended by the Imperial Mag., June, 1830; Evangel. Mag.,
Jun. 1830; Baptist Mag., Dec. 1829; Baptist Miscellany,
Feb. 1830. 8. Autobiography, edited by his son, 1846, Svo,
q.v. See also Jamieson's Cyc. of Mod. Relig. Biog.
Jones, William. Reports of Trials, 180S, '09.
Jones, William. Corn Rick; Nic. Jour., 1812.
Jones, Rev. William. 1. Testamentary Counsels.
2. Life of Rowland Hill: see HILL, ROWLAND.
Jones, William. Observations on the Insolvent
Debtor's Act, Lon., 1829, Svo.
Jones, William Alfred, b. June 26, 1817. in the
city of New York, is the son of the late Hon. David S.
Jones, and a member of a family which has long been
eminent in the annals of jurisprudence. The subject of
our notice graduated at Columbia College, New York, and
has been for some years officiating in the capacity of libra-
rian to that institution. I. The Analyst: a Collection of
1. The Analyst: a Collection of
Miscellaneous Papers, New York, 1840, 1Smo.
"This is a volume well worthy to be read. It gives proof of re-
flection, observation, and literary culture; and its style is always
clear, sometimes forcible and terse, though not often elegant. It
abounds with shrewd remarks, happy criticisms, and well-drawn
traits of character. But it is not executed with equal felicity
throughout. The author imitates largely in some parts of his book;
he writes not from his own mind and after his own fashion, but
draws from others both matter and form."-N. Amer. Review, 1
631-533, April, 1840, (by Prof. C. C. Felton.)
The remainder of this notice consists, like the above,
of mixed praise and censure. 2. Literary Studies: a Col-
lection of Miscellaneous Essays, 1847, 2 vols. 18mo. 3.
Memorial of the late Hon. David S. Jones; containing
notices of the Jones family of Queens County, 1849, sm.
4to. 4. Essays upon Authors and Books, 1849, 12mo. See
N. York Literary World, Dec. 1849; South. Quar. Rer.,
April, 1850. 5. Characters and Criticisms, 1857, 2 vols.
12mo. These vols. contain a revised selection from his
contributions to periodicals.
"The sound judgment, nice discrimination, cultivated thought,
kind spirit, and perfect candor evinced throughout these volumes.
render them worthy of being treasured as prevailing models of
true criticism, as well as standards of opinion on the subjects to
which they relate."-WasHINGTON IRVING.
Mr. Jones has been long known as a critic, and his un-
collected essays, contributed to the New York Church Re-
cord, Arcturus, Whig Review, Democratic Review, &c.,
would fill two vols. of the size of those which he has given
to the world. A highly-favourable opinion of Mr. Jones's
critical abilities will be found in Edgar A. Poe's Literati,
in the paper entitled E. P. Whipple and other Critics.
Jones, William Basil. 1. Vestiges of the Gael in
Gwynedd, Lon., Svo. 2. With Edward A. Freeman, Hist.
and Antiq. of St. David's, Pts. 1-4, 1852-57, 4to; some
copies on large paper.
··
This book of Messrs. Jones and Freeman will be an indispen-
sable companion to all future Welsh ecclesiastical historians."-Lon.
Athenæum. March 28, 1857, 404.
See FREEMAN. EDWARD A.
Jones, William T. Catholic Rights, 1792, Svo.
Jonson, Ben, or, more correctly. Benjamin John-
son, 1573–1637, one of the most eminent of English
matists, was a native of Westminster, and came into the
world a month after the decease of his father,—who, after
suffering imprisonment and confiscation of estates for his
Protestant principles, became a preacher of those doctrines
for which he had been in bonds. It has been generally
asserted by the poet's biographers, from the time of Wood
to Gifford, that his mother, after the decease of Jonson's
father, married again, and that the object of her choice
was a bricklayer, named Thomas Fowler. But the later
researches of Mr. Peter Cunningham, endorsed by the
learned imprimatur of Mr. J. Payne Collier, have brought
as to the conclusion, to borrow the language of the last
·
"He seems." says Gifford, "to have meditated a complete edition
of all his works; but he apparently grew weary towards the con-
995
JON
JON
clusion of the volume, and never (unless peculiarly called upon)
Lad recourse to the press afterwards. The second folio is a wretched
continuation of the first, printed from the MSS. surreptitiously ob-
tained during his life, or ignorantly hurried through the press
ufter his death. It bears a variety of dates, from 1631 to 1641 in-
clusive. It is probable that he looked forward to a period of retire-
ment and ease; but the loss of his MSS. by fire, and the fatal illness
which almost immediately afterwards seized him, rendered all such
views abortive. It is remarkable that he calls his Epigrams Book
the First he had, therefore, others in his hand; but they have
perished.”—Memoir of Ben Jonson.
|
|
over some of the prominent incidents of the poet's life
especially upon his memorable visit to Drummond of Haw
thornden in 1619, his wit (or wet) combats with Shakspeare,
and his less amiable contests with the second-rate wits of this
belligerent age. But we have already referred the render
to abundant sources of information, and with thean we shall
leave him, after he has borne us company for a few mo-
ments longer, whilst we quote some opinions from a few
eminent authorities respecting the characteristics of this
once-favourite author.
·
“Ben Jonson, a younger contemporary and rival of Shakspeare,
who laboured in the sweat of his brow, but with no great success,
to expel the romantic drama from the English stage and to form
it on the model of the ancients, gave it as his opinion that Shak
speare did not blot enough, and that, as he did not possess much
school-learning, he owed more to nature than to art. .. Jonson
was a critical poet in the good and bad sense of the word. He en-
deavoured to form an exact estimate of what he had on every oc-
casion to perform; hence he succeeded best in that species of the
drama which makes the principal demand on the understanding
and with little call on the imagination and feeling,-the comedy
of character. He introduced nothing into his works which critical
dissection should not be able to extract again, as his confidence in
it was such, that he conceived it exhausted every thing which
pleases and charms us in poetry. He was not aware that in the
chemical retort of the critic what is most valuable, the volatile
living spirit of a poem, evaporates. His pieces are in general defi-
cient in soul, in that nameless something which never ceases to
attract and enchant us even because it is indefinable. In the lyrical
pieces, his Masques, we feel the want of a certain mental music of
imagery and intonation, which the most accurate observation of
difficult measures cannot give. He is everywhere deficient in those
excellencies which, unsought, flow from the poet's pen, and which
no artist who purposely hunts for them can ever hope to find.
We must not quarrel with him, however, for entertaining a high
opinion of his own works, since whatever merits they have he
owed, like acquired moral properties, altogether to himself. The
production of them was attended with labour, and unfortunately
it is also a labour to read them. They resemble solid and regular
edifices, before which, however, the clumsy scaffolding still remains,
to interrupt and prevent us from viewing the architecture with ease
and receiving from it a harmonious impression. We have of Jonson
two tragical attempts, and a number of comedies and masques.
It was three years after Jonson's death before any of his
later productions were published. Two small edits. of his
minor pieces were issued in 1640, and in the next year
appeared a reprint of his own folio of 1616, and a second
vol. of the same size, containing his dramatic pieces from
1612, several masques, and all that could be discovered of
his occasional poetry. Another collective ed. of his Works
was pub. in 1692, fol.; another (a reprint of the last) in 1715,
6 vols. Svo; and a more complete one, edited by the Rev.
Peter Whalley, in 1756, 7 vols. 8vo. A second issue of
Whalley's edit. was commenced in 1792, but the publica-
tion extended no further than two numbers. In 1811, 4
vols. r. Svo, appeared-what has been denominated "an
execrable edition"--The Dramatic Works of Ben Jonson
and Beaumont and Fletcher. Whalley's edit. was most
Whalley's edit. was most
carelessly compiled, the text that of the impression of 1715,
rarely collated with early edits., and often erroneous, and
the notes of little if of any value. In 1816 Mr. William
Gifford pub. the first good edit. of Jonson's Works. This
was accompanied with Notes, Critical and Explanatory,
and a Biographical Memoir. It was pub. in 9 vols. 8vo,
£6 68.; г. 8vo, £9. We shall have something more to say
of this edit. presently. In 1838, Mr. Moxon, of London,
pub. an edit. of Jonson's Works in r. 8vo, edited by Barry
Cornwall, another edit. in 1841, r. Svo, and again in 1853,
r. Svo.
Mr. Moxon put forth a collective edit., prefaced
in both cases with Gifford's Memoir of the Author. To
this Memoir, and especially to the biography of Jonson
in Austin and Ralph's Lives of the Poets Laureate, Lon.,
1853, Svo, we refer the reader for further information re-
specting "Rare Ben Jonson." The other accounts of the
poet, referred to below, may be examined for the gratifica-
tion of curiosity, and for the amusing gossip of the times
to which they relate; but, according to Mr. Gifford, few
men have suffered more from literary injustice than the
author of Catiline and Sejanus. Mr. Gifford himself, how-
ever, is perhaps too warm a partisan to be considered an
infallible authority. In Moxon's reprints of Jonson's
Works, above referred to, (1841, r. 8vo; 1853, r. 8vo,) the
arrangement is as follows: after the eleven dramatic pieces
already noticed by us, come The Staple of News, a Play;
The New Inn, or The Light Heart, a comedy; The Mag-
netic Lady, or Humours Reconciled, a play; A Tale of a both from his merits and defects. His characters are, for the most
Tub, a play; (this is the last work of the author that was part, solidly and judiciously drawn; what he most fails in, is the
submitted to the stage;) The Sad Shepherd, or A Tale of
art of setting them off by the contrast of situations. The pecu-
Robin Hood, a play; The Case is Altered, a play; Enter- liarity of Jonson's Masques most deserving of remark seems to me
to be the anti-masques, as they are called, which the poet himself
tainments; Masques; Epigrams; The Forest; Under- sometimes attaches to his own invention, and generally allows tc
woods; Leges Convivales; Translations from the Latin precede the serious act. As the ideal flatteries, for whose sake the
Poets; Timber, or Discoveries made upon Men and Mat-gods have been brought down from Olympus, are but too apt to
fall into mawkishness, this antidote on such occasions is certainly
ter;
The English Grammar; Jonsonus Viribus, or The
deserving of commendation."-AUGUSTUS WILLIAM VON SCHLEGEL:
Memory of Ben Jonson; Glossary; Index. Between Gif-
Lecls. on Dramat. Art and Lit.; Black's Trans., Lon., 1846, 347, 461-
ford's Memoir of the Author and the first of his pieces are 462, 463, 465, 406.
inserted Ancient Commendatory Verses on Ben Jonson.
We have already referred (see CHAPMAN, GEORGE) to
Jonson's share in the composition of Eastward-Ho, and he
was a partner in other literary enterprises,-according to
the custom of the poets of the age.
"He could have risen to the dignity of the tragic tone, but for
the pathetic he had not the smallest turn. As he incessantly
preaches up the imitation of the ancients, (and he had, we cannot
deny, a learned acquaintance with their works,) it is astonishing to
observe how much his two tragedies differ, both in substance and
form, from the Greek tragedy.
form, from the Greek tragedy.... After these attempts, Jonson
took leave of the Tragic Muse, and in reality his talents were far
better suited to Comedy, and that, too, merely the Comedy of Cha-
racter. His characterization, however, is more marked with serious
satire than playful ridicule: the latter Roman satirists, rather than
the comic authors, were his models. In so far as plot is concerned,
the greatest praise is merited by Folpone, The Alchemist, and Epicone,
or the Silent Woman. . . . Of all Jonson's pieces there is hardly onɛ
which, as it stands, would please on the stage in the present day.
from them, however, could hardly fail to be successful. In general.
even as most of them failed to please in his own time: extracts
much might be borrowed from him, and much might be learned
It was in 1616 that Jonson received an acceptable mark
of the royal favour, in the shape of an annual pension
from King James of one hundred marks a year for life,
(from henceforth we designate him by the title of Poet-
Laureate,) which was increased by King Charles, in 1630,
to one hundred pounds sterling, and "a terse of Canary
Wine." This augmentation of his income (for which, in-
deed, he had petitioned the king in a rhyming epistle) did
not come any too soon, for the extravagance of the poet
between 1616 and 1625, his multiplied libations at the
Mermaid, and profuse hospitality at his own table, had
reduced him to great straits. It is melancholy to be obliged
to add that he died in poverty: it is more pleasing to our
feelings to be able to record the fact that he departed in
penitence and faith,-regretting the occasional irreverence
of his pen, and, we trust, deploring the frequent abuse of
powers which were given for nobler ends. He was called
to the "dread account" before the "Judge of all the earth"
on the 6th day of August, 1637. Did our space permit,
we might, ere we proceeded to a brief consideration of
Jonson's characteristics as a writer, linger a short time
•
Dr. Johnson is thought to have very happily hit off the
character of his dramatic namesake in the following gra-
phic lines in his celebrated prologue :
"Then Jonson came, instructed from the school,
To please by method, and invent by rule.
His studious patience and laborious art
With regular approach assay'd the heart:
Cold approbation gave the ling`ring bays,
For they who durst not censure scarce could praise.
A mortal born, he met the general doom,
But left, like Egypt's kings, a lasting tomb.”
Mr. Campbell will be found to dissent widely from tna
authorities just quoted, and from several others whose
opinions we shall have occasion to cite:
"The art of Jonson was not confined to the cold observations of
the unities of place and time, but appears in the whole adaptation
of his incidents and characters to the support of each other. Be
neath his learning and art he moves with an activity which may
be compared to the strength of a man who can leap and bound
under the heaviest armour."-Specimens of English Poetry.
"There are people who cannot take olives: and I cannot much
relish Ben Jonson, though I have taken some pains to do it, and
went to the task with every sort of good will. I do not deny his
power or his merit; far from it: but it is to me a repulsive and
unamiable kind. He was a great man in himself, but one cannot
readily sympathize with him. His works, as the characteristic pro-
particular age, cannot be valued too highly; but they have little
ductions of an individual mind, or as records of the manners of a
charm for the more general reader."-Hazlitt's Lects. on the English
Comic Writers; Lect. II.
996
JON
JON
"Ben Jonson's serious productions are, in my opinion, superior
to his comic ones. What he does, 18 the result of strong sense and
painful industry; but sense and industry agree better with the
grave and severe than with the light and gay productions of the
muse.”—Huzlitt's Lects. on the Dramat. Lil. of the Age of Elizabeth;
Lect. IV.
"If asked to give our opinion of Ben Jonson's powers in general,
we should say that he was a poet of a high order, as far as learning,
fancy, and an absolute rage of ambitiou could conspire to make him
one; but that he never touched at the highest, except by violent
efforts and during the greatest felicity of his sense of success. The
material so predominated in him over the spiritual.-the sensual
over the sentimental,—that he was more social than loving, and far
more wilful and fanciful than imaginative.”—Leigh Hunl's Men and
Women and Books: Suckling and Ben Jonson,
"I do not think that his poetical merits are yet properly appre
ciated. I cannot consent that the palm of humour alone shall be
given to him, while in wit, feeling, pathos, and poetical diction
he is to be sunk fathoms below Fletcher and Massinger. In the
last particular I think that he excels them both, and, indeed, all
his contemporaries, excepting Shakspeare.”—Henry Neel?'s Lecs.
on English Poetry; Leet. III.
| known of such passages is that which bears the imprimatur
of Jonson's host of April, 1619,-Drummond of Haw
thornden. None of the abundant censures lavished upon
his hero more excites the indignation of Gifford than these
jottings of the unfortunate Boswell of the age of James I.
But, if Drummond was not the victim of the furor biogra-
phicus, surely Gifford was, and therefore (to borrow from
it | Dr. Johnson's letter to James Macpherson) regard is to
Mr. Disraeli also comes to the rescue of the abused poet:
"Some modern critics, whose delicacy of taste in its natural
feebleness could not strain itself to the vigour of Jonson, have
strangely failed to penetrate into the depths of that mighty mind;
and some modern poets have delivered their sad evidence that for
them the Coryphæus of our elder dramatists has become unintelli-
gible."-Amenities of Literature: The Humours of Jonson.
·
With such extraordinary requisites for the stage, joined to a
strain of poetry always manly, frequently lofty, and sometimes
almost sublime, it may at first appear strange that his dramas
are not more in vogue; but a little attention to his peculiar modes
and habits of thinking will, perhaps, enable us in some measure to |
account for it. The grace and urbanity which mark his lighter
pieces he laid aside whenever he approached the stage, and put on
the censor with the sock. This system (whether wise or unwise)
naturally led to circumstances which affect his popularity as a
writer: he was obliged, as one of his critics justly observes, 'to
hunt down his own characters, and, to continue the metaphor, he
was frequently carried too far in the chase."-Gifford's Memoir of
Ben Jonson.
The whole of this criticism should be consulted by the
reader.
"The fault in Jonson's two tragedies is that there is not enough
to interest flesh and blood in them and to stir up the sympa-
thies, the hopes and fears, of humanity. There is a cold historic
sublimity, which, however it may command the homage of the
intellect, awakes no responsive echo in the heart. The characters
are true to history,-true, therefore, to human nature; and they
move on in the plot with stern and terrible decision. But the harsh
outline lacks those lighter pencillings, those softer colourings, in
which poetry surpasses history, and without which the picture,
though bold and masterly, will not chain the living gaze of the
spectator to the painter's canvas. . . . His best comedies are so
generally known that a lengthy critique on them would be tedious.
Those that are less read are scarcely deserving of any notice, beyond
the interest that must attach itself to any production from the pen
of such a man. Every Man in his Humour, The Alchymist, Vol-
pone, or the Fox, and The Silent Woman, are the best of the nume-
rous comedies he has left us. . . . Jonson's masques are beautiful.
Though with occasional extravagant fancies and strained conceits,
they are full of learning and taste. They were many of them
written for great festive occasions. . . . Some beautiful songs are
introduced into them. . . . As a translator he must not be forgot-
ten. He has left a version of Horace's Ars Poetica, and a few of the
odes. The former is marvellously literal, and not so tame as might
therefore be supposed. In the latter there is little to praise; but
he has excelled these regular translations in passages of the masques
and elsewhere, which he has borrowed from ancient authors and
literally rendered. . . . Jonson is no exception to the rule that clear
and strong utterance is one of the chief characteristics of genius,
and that great poets have been good prose-writers. The fragment
entitled Timber, or Discoveries, sufficiently shows, without appeal
ing to his letters, dedications, and prefaces, that English literature
lost much by the destruction of his prose manuscripts. The small
remnant that is left is full of eruditè criticism. profound reflection,
and great severity of judgment. There are notes on books and on
life, arranged in a strange and arbitrary manner, written in a concise
and pregnant style, and, though they do not contain so much sen-
tentious wisdom, remind us forcibly of the Essays of Bacon.
We have spoken of Jonson as the author of tragedy, of comedy, of
masque, as a translator and prose-writer. But it is as a lyric poet
also that we claim for him à homage and admiration which has
hitherto been sparingly given if yielded at all.”—Austin and Ralph's |
Lives of the Poets-Laureate, Lon., 1853, 90, 91–92, 95, 96, 98–99, 101.
An accomplished female writer, whose graceful criticisms
we have frequently had occasion to quote in the course of
this volume, speaks with enthusiasm of the lyrics just re-
ferred to:
•
•
"We of this age, a little too careless perhaps of learned labour,
would give a whole wilderness of Catilines and Poetasters, and
even of Alchemists and Volpones, for another score of the exquisite
lyrics which are scattered carelessly through the plays and masques
which-strange contrast with the rugged verse in which they are
imbedded—seem to have burst into being at a stroke, just as the
evening primrose flings open her fair petals at the close of the day.
Lovelier songs were never written than these wild and irregular
ditties.”—Mary Russell Milford's Recollec, of a Literary Life.
We shall hardly feel that we can willingly pass on to the
next article in our Dictionary without quoting some opi- |
nions respecting our author from some of the great men
of his own day and the age which followed. The best-
be paid less to what he says than what he is able to prove.
The easy and confident arrogance with which Gifford con-
tradicts the assertions of Jonson's contemporaries, of those
who lived in the succeeding few years, and of later authori-
ties, who perhaps had as good information, and certainly
far better manners, than the editor of the Quarterly, is not
a little amusing. We are not insensible to the value of
his critical labours, and have no disposition to endorss
Mr. Leigh Hunt's assertion that
**
Sympathy with Jonson's coarseness and his love of the caustic,
fications for a critical sense of him possessed by the petulant and
a poor verbal tact, and a worship of authority, were the only quali
presumptuous Gifford.”—Men, Women, and Books: Suckling und
Ben Jonson.
But surely Gifford might have displayed all that he had
to offer in its best light, without so ruthlessly assailing his
predecessors. In the words of a late critic,
"The author's one plan for reinstating Jonson in the good opinion
of his countrymen is to fall foul of every critic, old or recent, that
had ever said a word against him."-North British Review, Feb.
1856.
We may remark, in passing, that a notice of Barry Corn-
wall's edit. of Jonson's Works, already referred to by us,
will be found in Leigh Hunt's Men, Women, and Books.
Whilst Jonson was Drummond's guest, it was the custom
of the latter to register the sayings of the distinguished
sojourner, and at the conclusion of these piquant entries
he takes the opportunity to record his own opinion of the
characteristics of his visitor, who, he tells us, was
"A great lover and praiser of himself; a contemner and scorner
of others: given rather to lose a friend than a jest; jealous of
every word and action of those about him, especially after drink,
which is one of the elements in which he lived; a dissembler of ill
parts which reign in him; a bragger of some good that he wanted;
thinketh nothing well done but what either he himself or some of
his friends hath said or done. He is passionately kind and angry,
careless either to gain or keep; vindictive, but, if he be well
answered at himself. interprets best sayings and deeds often to the
worst. He was for any religion, as being versed in both; oppressed
with fancy, which hath ever mastered his reason,—a general dis-
ease in many poets: his inventions are smooth and easy, but above
all he excelleth in a translation."-Drummond's Works, 1711, fol.,
224–226.
It is only proper to remark that Drummond's notes are
not correctly printed in this folio ed. of 1711. A correct
text, with illustrative notes, was for the first time printed, in
1842, by the Shakspeare Society, under the editorial super-
vision of Mr. David Laing, by whom the MS. was disco-
vered. We have already noticed (see DRUMMOND, WM.)
Mr. Peter Cunningham's ed. of Drummond's Works, 1833,
12mo. A new ed. by the same editor was pub. in 1852,
Edin., Svo.
The first charge which Drummond prefers in the above
indictment is unfortunately too fully endorsed by contem-
porary evidence to admit of any debate. To say nothing
of Owen Feltham's admirable parody upon Jonson's
Come, leave the loathed stage," a burst of indignation
at the failure of his play of The New Inn, we have a
letter from Howell upon this theme, a few lines of which we
shall quote:
66
"SIR:-I was invited yesternight to a solemn supper by B. J.. [Bon
Jonson, where you were deeply remembered: there was good com-
pany, excellent cheer, choice wines, and jovial welcome: one thing
intervened, which almost spoiled the relish of the rest,-that B. began
to engross all the discourse, to vapour extremely by himself, and,
by vilifying others, to magnify his own muse. T. Ca. [Tom Carew]
buzzed me in the ear, that though Ben had barrelled up a great
deal of knowledge, yet it seems he had not read the ethics, which,
among other precepts of morality, forbid self-commendation, de
claring it to be an ill-favoured solecism in good manners. . . . But,
for my part, I am content to dispense with the Roman infirmity of
Ben, now that time hath snowed upon his pericranium. You know
Ovid and (your) Horace were subject to this humour,—the first
bursting out into-
...
Jamaque opus exegi, quod nec Jovis ira nec ignis,' &c.
The other into-
"Exegi monumentum ære perennius,' &c.
"As also Cicero, while he forced himself into this hexameter:
“O fortunatum natam me consule Romam.'
"There is another reason that excuseth B.,—which is, that if one
be allowed to love the natural issue of his body, why not that of his
brain, which is of a spiritual and more noble extraction ?”—To Sir
Thomas Hawk, Kl., Westminster, 5th April, 1636.
See our Life of JAMES HOWELL, No. 3, in this Diction-
ary.
It was well that Howell bore this infliction so well,
for Gerard Langbaine tells us that "Ben Jonson's greatest
weakness was that he could not bear censure," and again
997
JON
JOP
"He was a Man of a very free Temper, and withal blunt, and
omewhat haughty to those who were either Rivals in Fame, or
Enemies to bis Writings, (witness his Poetuster, wherein he falls
upon Decker, and his answer to Dr. Gill, who writ against his Mug:
netic Lady,) otherwise of a good Sociable Humour, when amongst
his Sons and Friends in the Apollo: from whose Laws the reader
may possibly better judge of his Temper; a copy of which I have
transcribed for the Learn'd Readers perusal."-Account of the Eng.
Dramat. Poets, Oxf., 1691.
They were a merry set of fellows that met at The Apollo
and at The Mermaid,—too merry by half, or rather too
free with the stimulants that provoked their merriment.
When Frank Beaumont was paying a visit in the country,
he felt the loss of these highly-seasoned festivities, and
thus pours out his troubles into the bosom of his corre-
spondent, Rare Ben:
"
• Methinks the little wit I had is lost
Since I saw you; for wit is like a rest
Held up at Tennis, which men do the best
With the best gamesters. What things have we seen
Done at the Mermaid! heard words that have been
So nimble, and so full of subtile flame,
As if that every one, from whom they came,
Had meant to put his whole wit in a jest,
And had resolved to live a fool the rest
Of his dull life.”
dramatic poets, Jonson was the Virgil, the pattern elaborate
writing. I admire him, but I love Shakspeare."
Sir Walter Scott thus contrasts Jonson and Shakspeare:
The one is like an ancient statue, the beauty of which, spring
ing from the exactness of the proportion, does not always strike at
first sight, but rises upon us as we bestow time in considering it:
the other is the representation of a monster, which is at first only
surprising, and ludicrous and disgusting ever after."-Life of
Dryden.
"As for Jonson, to whose character I am now arrived, if we look
upon him while he was himself, (for his last plays were but his
dotages,) I think him the most learned and judicious writer which
any theatre ever had. He was a most severe judge of himself as
well as others. One cannot say he wanted wit, but rather that he
was frugal of it. In his works you find little to retrench or alter.
Wit and language, and humour also in some measure, we had before
him, but something of art was wanting to the drama before he
came. He managed his strength to more advantage than any
which preceded him. You scidom find him making love in any
of his scenes, or endeavouring to move the passions: his genius
was too sullen and saturnine to do it gracefully, especially when
he knew he came after those who had performed both to such a
height. Humour was his proper sphere, and in that he delighted
most to present mechanical people. He was deeply conversant in
the ancients, both Greek and Latin, and he borrowed boldly from
them. There is scarce a poet or historian among the Roman authors
of those times whom he has not translated in Sejanus' or 'Catiline.'
But he has done his robberies so openly that one may see he fears
not to be taxed by any law. He invades authors like a monarch,
and what would be theft in other poets is only victory in him.
With the spoils of these writers, he so represents Old Rome to us,
in its rites. ceremonies, and customs, that if one of their poets had
written either of his tragedies, we had seen less of it than in him.
If there was any fault in his language, it was that he weaved it too
closely and laboriously, in his comedies especially; perhaps, too, he
did a little too much Romanize our language, leaving the words he
translated almost as much Latin as he found them, wherein, though
he learnedly followed their language. he did not enough comply
with the idioms of ours. If I would compare him with Shak-
speare, I must acknowledge him the most correct poet, but Shak-.
speare the greater wit. Shakspeare was the Homer or father of
·
A
The following lines from an old play, entitled Retvrne
from Pernassys, pub. in 1606, (ten years before Shakspeare's
death,) are too pertinent to our subject to be omitted:
"Who loues Adonis loue, or Lucre's rape,
His sweeter verse contaynes hart robbing life,
Could but a grauer subiect him content,
Without loue's foolish lazy languishment."-Act I. Scene II.
"Few of the vniuersity pen plaies well: they smell too much of
that writer Ouid, and that writer Metamorphosis, and talke too
much of Proserpina & Iuppiter. Why heres our fellow Shakespeare
puts them all downe, I and Ben Jonson too. O that Ben Jonson is
a pestilent fellow, he brought vp Horace giuing the Poets a pill. but
our fellow Shakespeare hath ginen him a purge that made him
beray his credit.”—Act IV. Scene III.
We would fain quote from Hazlitt's lively comparison
between these two great poets, but this our space forbids.
The reader must himself turn to Lecture II. of the series
on the English Comic Writers. See also, in addition to
the authorities cited above, Athen. Oxon.; Hurd's Horace's
Art of Poetry; Hume's Hist. of England; Cibber's Lives
of the Poets; Lamb's Characteristics of Dramat. Writers
contemp. with Shakspeare; Drake's Shakspeare and his
Times; Biog. Brit.; Biog. Dramat.; Chalmers's Biog.
Dict.; Drake's Essays; Disraeli's Curiosities of Literature,
and his Quarrels of Authors; Whalley's Life of Johnson
prefixed to his ed. of his Works; Dibdin's Lib. Comp. ;
Spence's Anecdotes; Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe;
Whipple's Essays.and Reviews; Lon. Retrosp. Rev., 1820,
i. 181; Fraser's Mag., xxv. 377; Index to Blackwood's
Mag., vols. i.-1.; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1823, Pt. 2, 223, (an in-
teresting account of opening Ben Jonson's grave and exa-
mining his skeleton in August, 1823;) N. British Review
Feb. 1856. The commendations of the Great Earl of Cla
It had been better for the whole company had they loved
their own firesides more and the Mermaids and Apollos
less. Of this gay circle Master Shakspeare was a promi-
nent member, and good old Thomas Fuller tells us
CC
Many were the wit-combats [“ wel-combats," the last edition of
Fuller, from which we quotę, prints it} betwixt him and Ben Jon-
son; which two I behold like a Spanish great galleon and an English
man-of-war: Master Jonson (like the former) was built far higher
in learning; solid, but slow in his performances. Shakspeare, with
the English man-of-war, lesser in bulk but lighter in sailing, could
turn with all tides, tack about, and take advantage of all winds, by
the quickness of his wit and invention."-Worthies of England,
Lon., 1840, iii. 284-285.
As Fuller was only eight years of age when Shakspeare
died, he of course does not intend us to understand the
word "behold" in its literal sense. Jonson was not always
disposed to engage in these wit-combats, for, as Fuller
himself tells us in another place,
“He would sit silent in a learned company, and suck in (besides
wine) their several humours into his observation. What was ore
in others, he was able to refine to himself.
"He was paramount in the dramatic part of poetry, and taught
the stage an exact conformity to the laws of comedians,
Mis co-
"His name,” says Lord Clarendon, “can never be forgotten, having
medies were above the volge, (which are only tickled with downright by his very good learning, and the severity of his nature and mau-
obscenity,) and took not so well at the first stroke as at the rebound,
ners, very mach reformed the stage; and indeed the English poetry
when beheld the second time: yea, they will endure reading and
itself. His natural advantages were, judgment to order and govern
that due commendation so long as either ingenuity or learning are fancy, rather than excess of fancy; his productions being slow and
fashionable in our nation. If his later be not so spriteful and vigor-upon deliberation, yet then abounding with great wit and fancy, and
ous as his first pieces, all that are old will, and all that desire to
be old should, excuse him therein.”—Ibid., ii. 425.
16
"The most learned, judicious, and correct, generally so accounted,
of our English Comedians, and the more admired for being so, for
that neither the height of natural parts, for he was no Shak-
speare, nor the cost of extraordinary education, for he is reported
but a bricklayer's son, but his own proper industry and addiction
to books advanced him to this perfection."-Phillips's Theat. Poet.
Anglic.; Brydges's ed., 1800, 241–250, q. v.
will live accordingly; and surely as he did exceedingly exait the Eng
lish language in eloquence, propriety, and masculine expressions, so
he was the best judge of, and fitted to prescribe rules to, poetry and
poets, of any man who had lived with, or before him, or since: if
Mr. Cowley had not made a flight beyond all men, with that modesty
yet as to ascribe much of this to the example of learning of Beg
Jonson. His conversation was very good, and with the men of
most note."
The comparison between Shakspeare and Jonson-whom
before Gifford's Memoir it was the fashion to represent as
the enemy and vilifier of his illustrious brother-is a fa-
vourite topic with many critics. It is not omitted in Dry-
den's admirable summary of the literary characteristics
of Ben Jonson :
rendon and Lord Falkland (both personal friends of
Jonson) are too weighty, and the poetical portrait of
Churchill too admirably drawn, to be omitted in a bio-
graphical article of Rare Ben Jonson.
The assertion last quoted is supported by the testimony
of the other nobleman whom we have mentioned as one
of the poet's admiring friends:
"To him how daily flock'd, what reverence gave,
All that had wit, or would be thought to have;
How the wise too did with mere wits agree,
As Pembroke, Portland, and grave D'Aubigny;
Nor thought the rigid'st senator a shame
To add his praise to so deserv'd a fame!"
Lord Falkland's Ed.
Churchill's lifelike portrait must conclude an article
which has grown on our hands considerably beyond our
intended limits:
"Next Jonson sat, in ancient learning train'd:
His rigid judgment Fancy's flight restrain'd,
Correctly pruin'd each wild luxuriant thought,
Mark'd out her course, nor spar'd a glorious fault.
The book of man he read with nicest art,
And ransack'd all the secrets of the heart;
Excited Penetration's utmost force,
And trac'd each passion to its proper source;
Then. strongly mark'd, in liveliest colours drew,
And brought each foible forth to public view.
The coxcomb felt a lash in every word,
And fools, hung out, their brother fools deterr'd;
His comic humour kept the world in awe,
And laughter frighten'd folly more than law."
The Rosciad.
Jonson. See JOHNSON.
Jonston, John. Under this name Watt has erro-
neously repeated the entry of Auditor Benson's edit. of
Arthur Johnston's Psalmi Davidici, &c. See Johnston,
ARTaur.
Jonston. See JOHNSTON.
Jonstonus, anglicé JOHNSTON.
Joplin, Thomas. 1. Analysis of the Currency Ques
tion, Lon., Svo. 2. Evidence on the Bank Charter, &c,
998
JOP
JOS
8v. 3. Banking in England and Scotland, 8vo. 4. Il-
lustrations of Views on Currency, Svo. 5. Views on Corn
and Currency, 8vo. 6. Outlines of a System of Political
Economy, 1823, 8vo. See Lon. Quar. Rev., xxxi. 126-145.
7. On Currency Reform, 1844, 8vo.
Bishop Warburton thought otherwise, as the Sixth Dis-
sertation proved so conclusively the great antiquity of the
doctrine of a future state as to overthrow the prelate's
Jopling, Joseph. 1. Architect. Designs for Agri-f Moses. Hurd, therefore, ever ready for such service,
leading and most absurd position in The Divine Legation
cultural Buildings, Lon., 4to. 2. Practice of Isometrical
Perspective; 2d ed., 1842, 8vo.
"Preferable to the common perspective on many accounts."-
PROF. FARISH.
took up the cudgels for his friend, and Warburton, in his
letters to Hurd, attacks Jortin with his usual arrogance,
See Disraeli's Quarrels of
petulance, and indecency.
Authors, in Miscell. of Lit., ed. Lon., 1840, 166: Lord
Jeffrey's Contrib. to Edin. Rev., 1853, 889-890; Black-
wood's Mag., xxix. 901; and authorities cited below.
7. The Life of Erasmus, with Remarks on his Works,
1758-60, 2 vols. 4to; 1806, 3 vols. 8vo. Vol. iii. is com-
posed entirely of Original Documents, and extracts from
the writings of Erasmus and other writers. An abridgment
of Jortin's Life of Erasmus was pub. by A. Laycey, Lon.,
1805, 8vo.
"Peculiarly deserving the attention of Mechanics and Engineers."
-DR. O. GREGORY.
3. New ed. of Dr. Brook Taylor's Principles of Linear
Perspective, with addits., 8vo.
Jopp, Thomas. Reform of Parliament, 1816, 8vo.
Jordan, G. W. Tracts on the W. Indies, 1804, 16mo.
Jordan, Henry. Practical Observations on the Pre-
eervation of the Teeth, Lon., 1851, 12mo; 2d ed., 1854, 12mo.
"Contains all that is essential to be known upon the general
management of the teeth."-Brit. and For. Med.-Chir. Rev.
Jordan, Rev. John. Theolog, works, Lon., 1837-47.
Jordan, John, Jr. See OGDEN, JOHN COSENS.
Jordan, Thomas, an actor, and afterwards Poet-
Laureate for the City of London, supposed to have died
about 1685, was author of four plays and a number of
poems, masques, &c., for an account of which see
baine's Dramat. Poets; Biog. Dramat.; Censura Literaria;
Restituta; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
Jorden, Edward, 1569–1632, a London physician, a
native of Keut, pub. four medical treatises, 1603-31.
Jortin, John, D.D., 1698-1770, a native of St. Giles's,
Middlesex, admitted of Jesus College, Cambridge, (of
which he became Fellow,) 1715; Rector of St. Dunstan-
in-the-East, London, 1751; Vicar of Kensington, and
Preb. of St. Paul's, 1762; Archdeacon of London, 1764.
He was a man of great learning, fine taste, and much vi-
vacity of imagination, an accomplished critic, and a warın
friend to the diffusion of sound knowledge. His principal
works are the following. 1. Lusus Poetici, Lon., 1722;
1748, 4to. These are a few Latin poems. There is said
to be a 3d ed. 2. Four Serms. on the Truth of the Chris-
tian Religion, 1730, Svo. 3. Miscellaneous Remarks on
Authors Ancient and Modern, 1731-32, 2 vols. Svo. Dr.
J. wrote the most of these remarks; but they also contain
contributions by Masson, Taylor, Wasse, Theobald, Robin-
son, Upton, Thirlby, and others. The work was trans.
into Latin, and pub. at Amsterdam. 4. Discourses on the
Truth of the Christian Religion, 1746, '52, Svo. New ed.
See No. 5.
"They abound with sound sense and solid argument.”—DR. VI-
CESIMUS KNOX,
5. Remarks on Ecclesiastical History, 1751-73, 5 vols.
Svo. New ed., together with a new ed. of No. 4, and a
Life of the Author, by Dr. Heathcote, 1805, 3 vols. 8vo.
New ed. of Remarks on Ecclesiastical History, edited by
the Rev. W. Trollope, 1846, 2 vols. 8vo. It has been re-
marked that this work might properly be entitled Curiosi-
ties of Ecclesiastical History. The Remarks
"do not embrace a regular series of facts, but point out the pro-
minent parts and circumstances of the general subject, with inte-
resting remarks.”—Dr. E. Williams's C. P., ed. 1843. 325, q. v.
"Once, and rarely more than once, he rose to eloquence; and
that was in the preface to his Remarks, &c., which the late Dr.
Gosset told me he regularly read through, every year, with undi-
minished delight. . . . The Remarks are excellent,-pithy, learned,
candid, and acute; presenting us with the marrow of his predeces-
sors.”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
"The ease, simplicity, and vigour of this engaging writer. (I
speak of the biographer.) who negligently scatters learning and
Lang-vivacity on every subject which he treats, are here exercised on a
most congenial topic."-Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., Ipswich,
1810. (4to.) p. 13.
·
"In his Life of Erasmus, Jortin shewed himself to be little more
than a translator of Le Clerc. A subject of the greatest is made
by him one of comparatively small interest. The work is little
better than a dry journal of facts, stitched together..
It is use
fully and carefully compiled, but wholly unanimated by a stroke
of genius. The life of one of the greatest wits of his age has pro-
duced only sombre biographies. These volumes are doubt
less unworthy of their author."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
"Dr. Johnson thought Jortin's Life of Erasmus a dull book."-
Johnsoniana.
"Dr. Jortiu has, in a little compass, taken notice of so many facts.
and animadverted on them with so much judgment, that this work
will ever be held in deserved repute.”—Bishop Watson,
"Critical, but wanting in more important things."-Bickersteth's
C. S.
"He is judicious, temperate, candid, and benevolent."-HALES.
The character of his work is too well established to require
recommendation."-BOGUE.
K
•
"His remarks are highly interesting and impartial. . . . They
They
are full of manly sense, ingenious strictures, and profound erudition.
It is a work highly beneficial to mankind, as it represents in its
proper light that superstition which disgraced human nature, and
gives a right sense of the advantages derived from religious refor
mation."-DR. V. KNOX.
*
The Remarks of Jortín are a vulgar caricature, distinguished
not more for their heartlessness and the absence of every noble
feeling, than for the author's shameful ignorance of the subject
which he presumed to handle."-DR. DowLING.
"Equally remarkable for taste, learning, originality, and inge
nuity."-DR. V. KNOX.
In Rose's Lecture on the Study of Church History will
be found some severe strictures on Jortin's Remarks.
6. Six Dissertations upon different subjects, 1755, Svo;
1809, 8vo.
“Dr. Jortin, in one of his Six Dissertations, (half a dozen too
many,) thus paints the portrait of Achilles," &c.-PROFESSOR JOHN
WILSON: Essays Critical and Imaginative, Edin. and Lon., 1857, iv.
166, 9. v.
"Having been long an object of universal admiration, it is a
matter of surprise that his life has never been written with accu-
racy and judganent. This task was reserved for Dr. Jortin; and
the avidity with which it is read by the learned is a proof of the
merit of the execution."-DR. V. Kxox.
·
·
·
"Every scholar well read in the writings of Erasmus and his
contemporaries must have discovered that Jortin has neither col-
lected sufficient nor the best materials for his work; and perhaps
for that very cause he grew weary of his task before he had made
a full use of the scanty materials which he had collected."-S. T.
COLERIDGE.
See The Friend, vol. i. 226; Horace Walpole's Letters
to Lord Hertford, 250-252; authorities cited below.
S. Serms. on Different Subjects, edited by the author's
son, Rogers Jortin, of Lincoln's Inn, 1771, 4 vols. 8vo;
reprinted, with the addition of three vols., 1772, 7 vols. 8vo;
1774, 7 vols. 8vo; 1787, 7 vols. Svo. New eds., 1809, 4
vols. Svo; 1836, 4 vols. Svo. Abridged by the Rev. G.
Whitaker, 1825, 3 vols. Svo; 1826, 3 vols. Svo; 1828, 3
vols. Svo.
"In these Sermons good sense and sound morality appear,-not,
indeed, dressed out in the meretricious ornaments of a florid style,
but in all the manly force and simple graces of natural eloquence.
They will always be read with pleasure and edification."-Dr. V.
Knox's Essays.
He was a ready, off-hand, and dexterous scholar; yet his style,
even in his sermons, wants what the French call onction.”—Dib.
din's Lib. Comp.
"Jortin's Sermons are very elegant."-DR. JOHNSON: Boswell's
Life, dc.
"Classical but cold.”—Lon. Quar. Rev.
9. Tracts, Philological, Critical, and Miscellaneous,
1790. 2 vols. Svo. Pub. by the author's son.
"The various treatises in these volumes are highly commended
by Eishop Newton, T. Warton, and Dr. Knox."
It is to be regretted that, in these days of republication
of standard authors, a collective ed. of the works of Dr.
Jortin should still be a desideratum. Mr. Strong, of Exe-
ter, some years since, offered a set of all of this divine's
works, together with Disney's Life of Jortin,-in all 22 vols.
For further information respecting this
Svo,for £S Ss.
excellent writer, see Dr. John Disney's Life of Jortin, 1792,
Svo; Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.: Black-
wood's Mag., xxix. 901–902; xxx. 851; xxxiii. 873.
"The works of Bishop Warburton and Dr. Jortin will speak for
them better than any private commendation: they were two very
extraordinary men; they were both men of great parts and abili
ties, both men of uncommon learning and erudition, both able
critics, both copious writers. . . . Every thing that proceeds froia
Jortin is of value, whether in poetry, criticism, or divinity."--
BISHOP NEWTON.
"A poet, a divine, a philosopher, and a man, Dr. Jortin served
the cause of religion, learning, and morality."-DR. V. KNOX.
"Dr. Jortin was an accomplished classical scholar: his style often
bears a resemblance to that of Xenophon, in case, &c."-WILLIAMS.
"As to Jortin, whether I look back to his verse, to his prose, to
his critical or to his theological works, there are few authors to
whom I am so much indebted for rational entertainment or for solid
instruction."-DR. PARR: Parr's Tracts by a Warburtonian, q. v.
Joscelin de Brakelonde, almoner of the Abbey
of St. Edmund's, 1211, wrote a history of the affairs of his
abbey, 1173-1201, and a book on the pretended miracles
of St. Robert. An edit. of Joscelin's Chronicle, from the
999
JOS
JUD
Latin original, was pub, by the Camden Society, edited by!
J. Gage Rokewode, 1840, 4to, and a trans. of this ed., with
Notes, Introduction, &c., by T. E. Tomlins, 1843, Svo.
See these works and Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-Nor-
man Period, 1846.
"The author [Joscelin] appears to have been well acquainted with
the common Latin authors, but his latinity is singularly unclassical
and inelegant."-WRIGHT, ubi supra.
Joseph of Exeter, or Josephus Iscanus, an
Anglo-Latin poet temp. Richard I., a native of Devonshire,
wrote two epic poems in Latin heroics: the first, in six
books, is on the Trojan war; the other is entitled Antio-
cheïs, the War of Antioch. Of the last, the only fragment
which remains (22 lines) will be found in Warton's Hist.
of English Poetry, and in Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-
Norman Period. Leland also attributes to Joseph epi-
grams and love-verses, (Nugæ Amatoriæ,) and it is asserted
that he wrote in Latin verse De Institutione Cyri; but no
such productions are known to be extant. For an account
of the edits. of the poem De Bello Trojano, see Wright,
uti supra. See also Leland; Bale; Pits; Prince's Worthies
of Devon; Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poet.; The Sketch-
Book, (art. on The Mutability of Literature,) by Washing-
ton Irving.
"A miracle of this age in classical composition was Joseph of
Exeter, commonly called Josephus Iscanus. . . . He appears to have
possessed no common command of poetical phraseology, and wanted
nothing but a knowledge of the Virgilian chastity. His style is a
mixture of Ovid, Statius, and Claudian, who seem then to have
been the popular patterns."- Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poct., ed. Lon.,
1840, vol. i. cxxvii., cxxviii.
Warton remarks that Italy had at that time produced
no poet comparable to Josephus Iscanus. It has been
stated that this poet died about 1224, but of the true date
nothing is certainly known.
Joseph of Oxford. Henochismus; sive Tractatus
de Modo Ambulandi cum Deo, Oxf., 1762, 8vo.
Joseph, Nahum, editor of Robertson's Compendious
Hebrew Dictionary, 1814, Svo, and of his Hebrew New
Testament, Bath, 1814, 12mo.
Josephus Iscanus. See JOSEPH OF EXETER.
Joslin, B. F. 1. Causes and Homoeopathic Treatment
of Cholera, N. York, 1849, '54, 18mo. 2. Principles of Ho-
moeopathy, 1850, 12mo.
Joslin, Mrs. B. F.
the Sixteenth Century.
Lewis, N. York, 18mo.
Clement of Rome; a Legend of
With an Introduc. by Prof. Tayler
Josse, Augustin E. 1. French and Spanish Gram-
mars, &c., 1799-1802. 2. Juvenile Biography, 1801, '03,
2 vols. 12mo.
Josseline, John, pub. several Saxon Collections, &c.,
1568-1620. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Josselyn, John, paid a visit of fifteen months to New
England, 1638-39, and another one of eight years and a
half, 1663-71. He pub. his impressions of the country in
two works, viz.: 1. New England's Rarities Discovered,
in Birds, Beasts, Fishes, Serpents, and Plants of that
Country, &c., with Cuts, Lon., 1672, 74, 75, 8vo. 2. An
Account of two Voyages to New England, &c., 1674, 12mo.
A Chronological Table of the most Remarkable Passages,
from the First Discovery of the Continent of America to
1673, is appended to the above.
"The relation is curious and faithful: when the author makes
his own remarks, they are in the oddest uncouth expressions ima-
ginable.”—JOHN LOCKE: The Philosopher.
"Contains a variety of curious facts regarding medicine and sur-
gery: the author, however, appears a little credulous."- Watt's
Bibl. Brit.
A little credulous certainly, for he tells us, "Some frogs,
when they sit upon their breech, are a foot high;” “barley
frequently degenerates into oats." See Sullivan's Maine;
Hutchinson, i. 267, 268; Douglass, ii. 71; Allen's Amer.
Biog. Dict. The collector of American History is not
obliged to give implicit credence to all the marvellous
stories of this eccentric raconteur, but he must by no means
neglect to secure his rare volumes when they are within
his reach.
Josselyn, Robert. The Faded Flower, and other
Songs, Bost., 1849, 12mo.
Jossy. Descrip. of Switzerland, 1814, 2 vols.
Jourdan, Sil. A Discovery of the Barmvdas; other-
wise called the Isle of Divels, Lon., 1610, 4to. Reprinted
in vol. v. of the new edit. of Hakluyt's Voyages. See
HAKLUYT, RICHARD.
Jowett, Rev. B. Epistles to the Thessalonians, Ga-
iatians, and Romans, Lon., 1855, 2 vols. 8vo.
Jowett, Joseph, pub. several collections of sacred
music, serins., &c. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 440.
"There is much good writing in his sermons which raises them
above the ordinary class of village discourses."-Lon.Chris. Rememb.
Jowett, Rev. William, travelling agent of the
Church (of England) Missionary Society. 1. Christian
Researches in the Mediterranean, 1815-20, Lon., 1822,
Svo. 2. Christian Researches in Syria and the Holy Land,
1823-24, Svo, 1825. Bickersteth's Christian Student
remarks that these vols. contain "much wisdom and piety."
An interesting notice of the last vol., with extracts, will
be found in the Note-Book of a Literary Idler, No. III.;
Blackw. Mag., xviii. 591-595.
Mr. Jowett also pub. several theological works.
Joy, Lord Chief-Baron. On the Evidence of Ac-
complices, Dubl., 1836, Svo.
Clerke, d. 1550, a zealous advocate of the Reformation,
Joy, Joye, or Gee, George, otherwise Clarke, or
and a printer in England and on the Continent, trans.
some portions of the Bible into English, and pub. a number
of theolog. treatises. See Tanner; Bale; Lewis's Hist.
of the Translations of the Bible; Cotton's do.; Dibdin's
Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit.; Richmond's Fathers, i. 532.
1. Confessions and Challenge of Jurors,
&c., Dubl., 1842, Svo. 2. Peremptory Challenge of Jurors,
&c., 1844, Svo.
Joyce, Rev. James. 1. Lay of Truth, a Poem, 8vo.
2. Treatise on Love to God, 1822, Svo.
"An interesting work by a refined mind."-Bickersteth's C. S.
Joyce, Jeremiah, 1764-1816, a Unitarian minister,
pub. a number of serms. and educational works, of which
the Scientific Dialogues for the Young is still in use, and
six eds. were pub. between 1846 and '57.
"Mrs. Marcet's Conversations and Joyce's Dialogues should be
studied by any one who wishes to write in this style with pro-
priety."-Lon. Athenaum, 1839, 130–131.
The last ed. of Joyce's Familiar Introduction to the
Arts and Sciences was pub. in 1852, 8vo.
Joyner, William, alias Lyde, 1622-1706, Fellow
of Magdalene College. 1. The Roman Empress, a Comedy.
Lon., 1670, 4to. 2. Observations on the Life of Cardinal
Pole, 1686, Svo. 3. Latin and English poems scattered in
several books, 1640, &c. See Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Dramat.
Joynes, Clement. Essay on New Experiments, Svo.
Joynes, W. T. Essay on Limitations, &c., Richmond,
1844, 8vo.
Jubb, George. Linguæ Hebraica Studium Juven-
tuti Academicæ, Oxon., 1781, 4to.
Judd, Daniel. 1. Asparagus; Trans. Hortic. Soc.,
1816. 2. Celery; Ibid., 1818.
Judd, Sylvester, 1813-1853, a native of Westhamp-
ton, Hampshire county, Massachusetts, graduated at Yale
College in 1836, entered the Divinity School at Harvard
University in 1837, and was installed as pastor of the
Unitarian church in Augusta, Maine, in 1840, which sta-
tion he retained until his death. 1. Margaret, a Tale of
the Real and Ideal, Blight and Bloom; including Sketches
of a Place not before described, called Mons Christi, Bost.,
1815, 12mo; 2d ed., 1851, 2 vols. 12mo.
In 1856 were
pub., by J. S. Redfield, N. York, 30 Compositions in Out-
line, illustrative of as many scenes in Margaret, by Felix
O. C. Darley, engraved by Konrad Huber.
The story of Margaret is the most emphatically American book
ever written."-J. R. LowELL: N. Amer. Rev., Ixix. 209.
Reviewed by W. B. O. Peabody, in the North American
Review, lxii. 102-141; lxxxiv. 535. See also Chris. Exam.,
xxxix. 418; South. Quar. Rev., ix. 507 ; J. R. Lowell's Fable
for Critics; Lon. Athenæum, March 14, 1857, p. 347. Of
the Compositions in Outline, the Athenæum remarks:
"This book of illustrations is the best thing American Art has
yet produced. The drawings are original, graceful, and purely
national."
2. Philo: an Evangeliad, 1850, 12mo. Reviewed by A.
P. Peabody, in the North Amer. Rev., 1xx. 433-443. 3.
Richard Edney, and the Governor's Family, 1850, 12mo.
Reviewed in the North Amer. Rev., Ixxii. 493-505. 4. The
Church; in a Series of Discourses, 1854, 12mo. Mr. Judd
left in MS. a dramatic piece in five acts, entitled The White
Hills, an American Tragedy. For further details respect-
ing this author and his productions, see the Life and Cha--
racter of the Rev. Sylvester Judd, 1854, 12mo, (by Miss
Arethusa Hall,) and a review of this vol. in the North
Amer. Rev., 1xxx. 420–439.
Judkin, Rev. Thomas James. 1. Church und
Home Psalmody, Lon., 1831, 18mo. 2. By-gone Moods;
or, Hues of Fancy and Feeling, from the Spring to the
Autumn of Life, 1856, p. 8vo. Contains about 270 original
Sonnets, of the Petrarchan school. They were written at
various periods of life.
Judson, Adoniram, D.D., b. Aug. 9, 1788, at Mal-
den, Mass., d. 1850, at sea, on his voyage to Rangoon, a
Baptist divine, the founder of the Burmah Mission in 1815,
wrote a work on Christian Baptism, (recently repub.,) &c.,
100.
JUD
JUN
•
|
and trans. the Bible, a Dictionary, and a number of tracts,
into the Burmese tongue. His 1st ed. of the Bible in
Burmese was pub. in 1835, 3 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., revised and
much improved, 1840, thick 4to. His Burmese and Eng-
lish Dictionary was compiled from his papers by E. A.
Stevens, and printed at Moulinein in 1852. It is the only
one ever compiled of the Burmese language. See his life,
by J. Clement, Auburn, N.Y., 1852, 12mo; Sketch of his
Character and Labors, by Mrs. H. C. Conant, Bost., 12mo;
Incidents in his Life, Lon., 1852, 12mo; Memoirs of his
Life and Labors, by Francis Wayland, D.D., President of
Brown University, 1853, 2 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1853, 2 vols.
12mo; Records of his Life, Character, and Achievements,
by Rev. D. T. Middleditch, of Redbank, N. Jersey, N. York,
1854, 12mo. Of Dr. Wayland's biography-such was the
interest felt in the labours of the excellent Judson-25,000
copies were sold in sixty days. See also Bost. Chris. Rev.,
xiii. 259, xiv. 421; Lon. Gent. Mag., March, 1854, 286.
Judson, Mrs. Anne Haseltine, 1789-1826, a na-
tive of Bradford, Mass., was married to the preceding in
1812, and proved a faithful ally in his efforts for the con-
version of the heatben, and a skilful diplomatist in affairs
of state. She wrote some tracts for her Burmese pupils,
and an excellent Account of the American Baptist Mission
to the Burman Empire, Lon., 1825, Svo. See Memoir of
See Memoir of
Anne H. Judson, by Rev. Jas. D. Knowles; 2d ed., Bost.,
1829, 12mo; fifty-seventh thousand, Bost., 1857, 18mo.
Life of Mrs. A. H. Judson, pub. by Amer. S. S. Union,
Phila., 18mo; Lives of the Three Mrs. Judson, by Mrs.
Arabella M. Willson, N. York, 1851, '55, 12mo; Jamieson's
Cyc. of Relig. Biog., Lon., 1853, p. 8vo; Bost. Chris. Exam.,
vi. 252, by F. Parkman.
Poets of America; N. Amer. Rev., lxviii. 434; The Female
Poets of America, by Mrs. E. F. Ellet; Chris. Exam., xlii.
393. (by L. J. Hall.) It is understood that a Life of Mrs.
Judson, by Dr. A. C. Kendrick, of Rochester, New York,
is now (1857) in course of preparation.
Judson, Mrs. Sarah B., 1803-1845, a native of Al-
stead, New Hampshire, was married in 1825 to the Rev.
George Boardman, who died in 1831, and in 1835 she be-
came the second wife of the Rev. Adoniram Judson. The
parting poem, addressed to the latter when she was about
sailing for America, has been much admired. See the
three preceding articles.
Jukes, Andrew. 1. Principles of Prophetic Inter-
pretation, (Hulsean Dissert., 1840,) Lon., 1841, Svo. 2.
The Way which some Persons call Heresy, 1847, 12mo.
3. Law of the Offerings in Levit. i. to viii.. 1847, fp. 8vo;
3d ed., 1851, fp. Svo. 4. Characteristic Differences of the
Four Gospels, 1853, fp. 8vo.
Jukes, Edward. 1. Indigestion and use of Lave-
ments, Lon., 18mno. 2. Structure of the Rectum, 1842, 4to.
3. Causes, &c. of Smoky Rooms, 1843, 12mo.
Jukes, George M. Lett. to the Inhabitants of Gos-
port rel. to a Suit in Exchequer, 1809. 8vo.
Jukes, J. Beete, late Geological Surveyor of New-
foundland, now President of the Geological Society of
1. Excursions in and about Newfoundland in
Dublin.
1839-40, Lon., 1842, 2 vols. p. 8vo. A review of this work,
and a contrast between it and Newfoundland in 1842, (see
BONNYCASTLE, LIEUT.-COL. SIR RICHARD,) will be found
in the London Athenæum, Aug. 27, 1842. 2. Voyage of
H. M. S. Fly to the Eastern Archipelago, 1847. 2 vols. 8vo.
3. Sketch of the Physical Structure of Australia, 1850, Sro.
r.
With 20
4. Popular Physical Geology, 1853, г. 16mo.
views of geolog. scenery.
"The illustrations to the work are of the most accurate as well
as beautiful character, combining the skill of the artist with the
knowledge of the geologist."-Lom. Observer.
See also a highly commendatory notice in the Spectator.
Juliana, a devotee, temp. Edward III., who lived in a
stone cell at Norwich, wrote Sixteen Revelations of the
Love of God, &c., which was pub. by F. R. S. Cresy, in
1610, and reprinted by H. Parker, Leicester, 1843, fp. Svo.
Julius, Alexander, a native of Edinburgh, pub.
poetical translations into Latin of portions of the Bible,
and some poems, &c. in the same language, 1606-20. His
Poemata Sacra was pub., Edin., 1614, 4to. See Lowndes's
Bibl. Man.
Julius Secundus. Dialogus Festivus, Oxon., 1680,
12mo.
Judson, Mrs. Emily, formerly Miss Chubbuck,
1817-1854, better known by her nom de plume of Fanny
Forester, a native of Eaton, New York, became, in June,
1846, the third wife of the Rev. Dr. Adoniram Judson, the
founder of the Burmah Mission, and immediately after-
wards accompanied her husband to India. After Dr. Jud-
son's decease in 1850, Mrs. Judson returned to the United
States, in impaired health, and, after a lingering illness,
died at the residence of her brother, at Hamilton, New
York. Among her first contributions to literature were
several small vols. of a religious character, issued by the
Baptist Publication Society, and poetical essays in the
Knickerbocker Magazine. In 1844, she sent a paper to
The New York Weekly Mirror, under the signature of
Fanny Forester, which was so fortunate as to elicit the
enthusiastic commendation of Mr. N. P. Willis, editor of
that periodical. Encouraged by this, she contributed to
his columns a number of essays, sketches, and poems, of
which a collection appeared in 2 vols. in 1846, under the
title of Alderbrook, These met with such favour, that the
sale in America from the date of publication to the year 1853
amounted to 33,000 vols. Mrs. Judson subsequently gave
to the world A Memoir of Mrs. Sarah B. Judson, N. York,
1849, 18mo; The Olio, or Domestic Poems, 1852, 12mo;
The Kathayan Slave, and other Papers connected with
Missionary Life, Bost., 1853, 16mo; My Two Sisters, a
Sketch from Memory, [prose,] 1854, 18mo, &c. The fol-
lowing vols. were pub. before Mrs. Judson's marriage. 1.
Charles Linn; or, How to Observe, 18mo. 2. The Great
Secret; or, How to be Happy, 18mo. 3. Allen Lucas; or,
The Self-Made Man, 18mo. The three are also all pub.
in 1 vol., under the title of How to be Great, Good, and
Happy. 4. Trippings in Author-Land, 12mo.
"She has a mind of the purest quality,—simple, truthful, imagi-
native, fertile, and genial. We have never expressed one-half of
the admiration we have felt for that rare, most rare, quality of her
mind, its unerring, unbroken weaving of truth and nature through
all its fancies. Eminently fruitful as it is, a sunbeam is not more
direct, pure, and honest, than that same feminine and delicate fancy. |
Her books are delightful to read for this reason. The heart seconds.
the attention given to them with constant recognition.”—N. P.
WILLIS.
The Memoir of Mrs. Sarah B. Judson was repub. in
London in 1848; 2d ed., 1849, 12mo; 3d ed., 1856, 12mo.
In an Introductory Notice by Edward Bean Underhill, it
is commended as a beautiful biographical production, from
which eulogy the critic of the London Athenæum thus
expresses his dissent:
"We cannot share Mr. Underhill's admiration for Miss Emily C.
Chubbuck's style as an authoress. The tomb of the second Mrs.
Judson is by her hung with artificial flowers of the most tawdry
and commonplace quality. Without simplicity there is neither
charm nor profit in narratives of this kind; and · Fanny Forester
seems to have avoided simplicity with unusual fervour, and entirely
to have succeeded in her escape from it."-Nov. 11, 1848, p. 1123.
•
Juniper, William. 1. Juniper Lectures, Lon.. 1652,
12mo. 2. His Visions, &c., 1662, 4to. See the Juniper
Lecturer Corrected, 1662, 4to.
Junius. In our article upon SIR PHILIP FRANCIS, in
this volume, we remarked that we should best discharge
our duty with respect to the vexed question of the author-
ship of THE LETTERS OF JUNIUS by indicating the sources
of information upon this famous controversy. The cata-
logue raisonnée subjoined, of works upon this warmly-agi-
tated theme, we have prepared with much care from a
number of authorities not accessible to all inquirers.
See Lives of the Three Mrs. Judson, by Mrs. A. M.
Willson, N. York, 1851, '55, 12mo; Griswold's Female!
We must premise-for we write not for the learned only
-that the compositions distinctively styled THE LETTERS
OF JUNIUS were originally pub. in The Public Advertiser
of London, by Henry Sampson Woodfall, the first letter
bearing date January 21, 1769, and the last January 21,
1772. These celebrated epistles are addressed to The
Printer of The Public Advertiser, Sir William Draper, The
Duke of Grafton, The Duke of Bedford, Lord North, Lord
Mansfield, The King of England, Rev. Mr. Horne, and
others. Junius was a Grenville or Rockingham Whig,
and attacked with great severity the ministerial measures
of the Duke of Grafton and his colleagues.
"The classic purity of their language, the exquisite force and per.
spicuity of their argument, the keen severity of their reproach,
the extensive information they evince, their fearless and decisive
tone, and, above all, their stern and steady attachment to the purest
principles of the Constitution, acquired for them, with an almost
electric speed, a popularity which no series of letters have since
possessed, nor, perhaps, ever will: and, what is of far greater con-
sequence, diffused among the body a clearer knowledge of their
constitutional rights than they had over before attained, and ani-
mated them with a more determined spirit to maintain them invio-
late. Enveloped in the cloud of a fictitious name, the writer of
these philippics, unseen himself, boheld with secret satisfaction the
vast influence of his labours, and enjoyed, though, as we shall after
wards observe, not always without apprehension, the universal hunt
that was made to detect him in his disguise. He beheld the people
extolling him, the court execrating him, and ministers, and more
than ministers, trembling beneath the lash of his invisible hand.”—
JOHN MASON GOOD, M.D.: Essay on Junius and his Writings.
Several unauthorized collections of the letters of Junius
1001
JUN
JUN
were put forth by various publishers before 1772, in which
year Mr. Henry Sampson Woodfall, the original printer,
of the epistles, issued an edition in 2 vols. sm. Svo, with
the sanction of Junius, and an eloquent Dedication, Pre-
face, and Notes, by the same mysterious individual. In
1812, 3 vols. 8vo, Mr. George Woodfall pub. a new edition
of these celebrated letters. In this edit. we have not only
the Letters of Junius referred to above, but also his pri-
vate letters to H. S. Woodfall, his correspondence with John
Wilkes, and other communications to Woodfall's Public
Advertiser, under various signatures, ascribed to him with
more or less probability, of truth. The period during which
the Letters of Junius and those thus ascribed to him were
written extends from the letter of Poplicola, 28th April,
1767, to the letter of Nemesis, May 12, 1772. Woodfall's
edition contains―
I. The Letters of Junius distinctively so called, and ac-
knowledged by him, dated January 21, 1769, to January
21. 1772.
Of the 69 Letters in this series, 59 were written by Ju-
nius; of which 44 bear the signature of Junius, and 15
the signature of Philo-Junius. Of the 44 letters signed
Junius, the titles are as follows:
To the Printer of the Public Advertiser........ 10
5
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
"Sir Wm. Draper.....
"the Duke of Grafton.....
"Edward Weston...
"Dr. Win. Blackstone...
On Walpole's Case.......
To the Duke of Bedford…….
On the Rescue of General Gansel....
On Modestus.
Address to the King.
Retrospect of Parliamentary Session.
To Lord North....
....
"Chief-Justice Mansfield
On the Falkland Islands
On Privileges of Parliament………….
On Parliamentary Resolutions...
To the Rev. Mr. Horne…………………..
66
""
66
....
Livery of London........
"Lord Camden......
·
………………
··
......
the Spanish Convention….………….
1
To the Printer of the Public Advertiser........ 10
"Modestus
"Zeno.......
1
1
an Advocate in the Cause of the People... 1
15
Sir Wm. Draper to Junius.....
The Rev. Mr. Horne to Junius....
MAIN.
III. COLONEL ISAAC BARRÉ.
The claims of the last two candidates in the field, Sir
Robert Rich and Gov. Thos. Pownall, have been recently
44
Of the 15 Letters signed Philo-Junius (really written by brought prominently forward,-those of the former by Mr.
Junius) the titles are as follows:
On Walpole's Case....
Ayerst, in 1853, and of the latter by Mr. Frederick Griffin,
of Montreal, in 1854. Mr. Dowe, indeed, has within the
last few months announced new discoveries in favour of
the claims of the Earl of Chatham, but in the presert stage
of the question-for Mr. Dowe's book is hardly yet fairly
before the world-we do not feel justified in adding his
lordship's name to the three who still exhibit indications
of vitality after enduring the targets of a keen literary
battle of fourscore years' duration.
We shall presently give a list of publications connected
with the Junius controversy, but it may be proper here
briefly to refer to some prominent pleas for the respective
claims of the three above named.
A Friend of Junius.......
On behalf of Junius: anonymous.
...
Of the other 10 Letters the titles are:
Sir Wm. Draper to the Printer of the Public
Advertiser.....
***
....
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
.....
1
1
4
3
1
1
10
II. Junius's Private Letters to Mr. H. S. Woodfall, dated
April 20, 1769, to January 19, 1773. In this series there
are 64 Letters and Notes, 62 of which are addressed by
Junius to Woodfall, 1 to David Garrick, and the other (the
conclusion of the series) is a letter of Woodfall's to Junius,
dated March 7, 1773.
thesis, which we hardly expect to see surmounted. See,
in addition to authorities to be cited hereafter, London
Athenæum, 1850, 125, 154, 863, 939, 969, 993, 1021, 1071,
The curious render will be glad to see a list of the most
prominent names of those to whom the Letters of Junius
have been at one time or another ascribed:
1. Adair, Mr. Serjeant. [23. Jones, Sir Wm.
24. Kent, John.
2. Barré, Col. Isaac.
3. Boyd, Hugh Macauley.
4. Burke, Edmund.
5. Butler, Bishop.
6. Camden, Lord.
7. Chatham, Lord.
8. Chesterfield, Lord.
9. De Lolme, M.
10. Dunning, Lord Ashburton.
11. Dyer, Samuel.
12. Flood, Henry.
13. Francis, Philip, D.D.
14. Francis, Sir Philip.
15. Gibbon, Edward.
16. Glover, Richard.
17. Grattan, Henry.
18. Greatrakes, Wm.
19. Grenville, Geo.
III. Junius's Confidential Correspondence with John
Wilkes, containing 18 Letters, 10 of which are written by
Junius, and 8 by Wilkes. These letters are dated 21st
August, 1771, to January 15, 1772.
IV. The Miscellaneous Letters ascribed to Junius, under
various signatures, consisting of 113 letters and papers,
28th April, 1769, to May 12, 1772, which occupy part of |
the second and the whole of the third volumes. The au-
thenticity of many of these productions is very question-
able. Prefixed to this edition, which is illustrated by
notes, is an admirable Preliminary Essay on Junius and
his Writings, by the editor, John Mason Good, M.D.
A new edition of the issue of 1812 was published in
1850, 2 vols. 12mo, which contains much additional matter |
of great value. This forms part of Bohn's Standard Li-
brary, and is edited by John Wade, who favours us with
New Evidence as to the Authorship, and a portion of an
Analysis, by the late Sir N. Harris Nicolas. Mr. Wade
makes out a strong case for the claim of Sir Philip Francis.
There are, however, some grave objections to this hypo-
20. Grenville, James.
21. Hamilton, Wm. Gerard.
22. Hollis, James.
25. Lee, General Charles.
26. Lloyd, Charles.
27. Lyttelton, Lord Thos.
28. Macleary, Laughlin.
29. Portland, Duke of.
30. Pownall, Gov. Thomas.
31. Rich, Sir Robert.
32. Roberts, John.
33. Rosenhagen, Rev. Philip.
34. Sackville, Lord George,
afterwards Lord Germain,
35. Shelburne, Earl.
36. Temple, Earl.
37. Tooke. Jno. Horne.
38. Walpole, Horace.
39. Wilkes, John.
40. Wedderburn, Alex. (Lord
Loughborough.)
41. Wilmot, James, D.D.
42. Wray, Daniel.
Of the 42 names above enumerated, the claims of 13--
viz.: Boyd, Burke, Bishop Butler, Dunning, Dyer, Flood,
General Lee, Lloyd, Roberts, Rosenhagen, and Lord George
Sackville-are carefully examined by Dr. Good in his cele
brated preliminary essay, and all are decidedly rejected.
As the question now stands, the sifting of zealous and
learned controversy has spared but three names out of all
those for whom the authorship has from time to time been
claimed,-viz. :
I. SIR PHILIP FRANCIS.
II. LORD GEORGE SACKVILLE, afterwards LORD GER
I. SIR PHILIP FRANCIS. 1. The Identity of Junius with
a distinguished Living Character, by Mr.John Taylor, Lon.,
1816, Svo. 2. A Supplement to Junius Identified, consist-
ing of Fac-Similes of Handwriting, and other Illustrations,
1817, 8vo. 3. Review of the two preceding, by Lord Broug-
ham, Edin. Rev., November, 1817, xxix. 94. His lordship
thus sums up the evidence presented by Mr. Taylor:
"That it proves Sir Philip to be Junius, we will not affirm; but
this we can safely assert, that it accumulates such a mass of cir-
cumstantial evidence as renders it extremely difficult to believe
misled us in this case, our faith in all conclusions drawn from proofs
he is not; and that, if so many coincidences shall be found to have
of a similar kind may henceforth be shaken."
4. Letter of Sir James Mackintosh to John Murray, Sr.,
Nov. 28, 1824. See No. 10.
See No. 10. 5. Argument by Thomas De
Quincey, in his Literary Reminiscences, vol. ii., being vol.
vii. (chap. xxii.) of Ticknor, Reed & Field's edit. of De
Quincey's works.
Quincey's works. 6. Argument by T. B. Macaulay, in his
review of Gleig's Life of Warren Hastings, Edin. Rev.,
Oct. 1841, lxxiv. 160. 7. Letter of Lady Francis (widow
of Sir Philip) to Lord Campbell, inserted in his lordship's
Lives of the Lord-Chancellors, vol. vi. p. 344. 8. The
History and Discovery of Junius, by John Wade, in his
edit. of the Letters of Junius, 1850, 2 vols. 8vo, before re-
ferred to. 9. Some New Facts and a suggested New Theory
as to the Authorship of the Letters of Junius, by Sir For-
tunatus Dwarris, Knt., Lon., 1850. Privately printed. See
London Athenæum, 1850, 939, 969, 993. 10. Argument
by Lord Mahon, in his History of England from the
Peace of Utrecht, vol. v. 320-340, 1851. Nos. 4 and 11 are
printed in this work. 11. Letter of T. B. Macaulay to John
1002
JUN
JUN
Murray, Jr., dated at the Albany, Jan. 3, 1852. See No. 10.
This refers to the famous article in the London Quar. Rev. for
Dec. 1851, xc. 91, advocating the claims of Lord Thomas
Lyttelton to the authorship of Junius, and rejecting alto-
gether the pleas urged in favour of Sir Philip Francis.
But Lord Lyttleton's claims have been since set aside, (see
London Athenæum,) and the question remains status quo
ante bellum. In the letter above referred to, Mr. Macaulay
remarks:
"But, in truth, the strongest arguments against the Reviewers'
theory are the arguments which, in my opinion, prove that Francis
was the author of the letters."
Mr. Macaulay despatches the claims of five celebrated
names-claims which have been urged with much perti-
nacity and some of them at great length-in as many
lines:
"Lord Lyttleton's claims to the authorship of Junius are better
than those of Burke or Barré, and quite as good as those of Lord
George Sackville or Single-Speech Hamilton. But the case against
Francis, or, if you please, in favour of Francis, rests on grounds of
a very different kind, and on coincidences such as would be sutti-
cient to convict a murderer."
II. LORD GEORGE SACKVILLE, afterwards LORD GER-
MAIN. We need here only refer to George Coventry's Cri-
tical Inquiry regarding the real author of the Letters of
Junius, proving them to have been written by Lord Viscount
Sackville, 1825, Svo. This theory was sustained in a work
pub. in Boston, U. States, in 1828, entitled Junius
masked, or Lord George Sackville proved to be Junius,
and in a review of this vol. in the N. American Rev., xxix.
315, by G. B. Cheever. Charles Butler (see his Reminis-
cences) supposes Lord Sackville to have been the author
of Junius, and Sir Philip Francis his amanuensis and oc-
casional assistant. Mr. Jaques, in his History of Junius
and his Works, and a Review of the Controversy, 1843,
8vo, adopts this theory, and adds D'Oyly-Francis's fel-
low-clerk in the War-Office-as a connecting-link beween
Lord Sackville and Francis.
III. COLONEL ISAAC BARRÉ. Mr. John Britton, in his
Authorship of the Letters of Junius Elucidated, 1848, r.
Svo, earnestly contends that Colonel Barré was Junius, and
that he was assisted by Lord Shelburne and Mr. Dunning.
In an article pub. in the London Morning Herald in 1813,
the opinion was expressed that the Earl of Shelburne was
Junius, and that he was assisted by Barré and Dunning.
This work is noticed by the author of the article in the
London Quar. Rev., xc. 91, before referred to, as
"a curious instance of the delusion to which ingenious men may
resign themselves when they have a favourite opinion to uphold."
An elaborate review of Mr. Britton's work will be found
in the London Athenæum, July 22 and 29, 1848. And see
other articles referred to in the course of the present notice.
We shall now proceed to give a list of publications con-
nected with this perplexing subject, which to the minds
of many of the most intelligent readers of the day is as
much a mystery as it was to their grandfathers. Whether
this cloud will ever be lifted from the name is now doubt-
ful. Indeed, it is difficult to imagine in what way the
authorship of the Letters of Junius can ever be satisfac-
torily proved, presuming that the claims of the real author
have been, or shall hereafter be, presented to the public
for acceptance. If the arguments in favour of the author-
ship of Sir Philip Francis, or Lord Sackville, or both com-
bined, be insufficient to gain credence, what amount of
evidence can identify the real author? Certain it is that
against even Junius himself, whoever he may be, many
probabilities will apparently exist. It can be only by the
It can be only by the
preponderance of favourable testimony that any such
claim can be established. Not a year elapses in which
some man is not hanged on less evidence than has been
adduced in favour of more than one of the claimants of
the authorship of the Letters of Junius. But we must
proceed with our list of publications.
Grafton, the Earls of Chesterfield and Sandwich, Lord
Barrington, Junius, and the Rev. Mr. Horne, under the
signature of P. P. S., Svo. 8. An Answer to Junius, 8vo.
9. The Trial of John Almon, Bookseller, for selling Ju-
Dius's Letters to the K-g, 8vo. 10. The Genuine Letters
of Junius, and Anecdotes of the Author. The compiler
attributes the letters to Edmund Burke.
1772. 11. Woodfall's-the first authorized-edit. of the
Letters of Junius, 2 vols. sm. 8vo.
1774. 12. Epistle to Junius, by Benj. Hughes, 4to.
1778. 13. Serious Letter to the Public, by Junius, 8vo.
Fictitious.
17$8.
1769. 1. An Impartial Answer to the Doctrine delivered
in a Letter which appeared in the Public Advertiser under
the signature of Junius. By Charles Fearne, Svo. 2. In-
teresting Letters selected from the Correspondence of
Messrs. Wilkes, Horne, Beckford, and Junius, Svo. 3. A
Collect. of the Letters of Atticus, Lucius, Junius, and
others; with Observ. and Notes, Svo. 4. The Political
Contest; being a Cont. of Junius's Letters from the 6th
of July to the present time, Svo. 5. The Political Contest;
containing a Series of Letters between Junius and Sir Will.
Draper; also the whole of Junius's Letters to his Grace
the D*** of G******, Svo.
the King's Reply, 8vo.
14. Anecdotes of Junius: to which is prefixed
1789. 15. Junius Discovered, by P. T., 8vo. Junius is
supposed to be John Horne Tooke.
16. Letters of Junius, 2 vols. 8vo.
1794.
1800. 19. Geo. Chalmers's Append. to his Supp. Apo-
Un-logy; being the documents for the opinion that Hugh
McAuley Boyd wrote Junius's Letters, 8vo. See 1817,
No. 41.
1797. 17. Letters of Junius, 2 vols. Sro, Bensley's
beautiful ed., illustrated by portraits. A copy on vellum
was sold at auction in London in 1804 for £25 48.
1799. 18. Letter of Charles Butler, dated July, 1799,
giving an account of the inquiries of John Wilkes and
Repub.,
himself relative to the authorship of Junius..
with addits., in Butler's Reminiscences, 1822.
1801. 20. Junius's Letters, with portraits, 2 vols. 8vo.
Printed by Bensley.
1803. 21. St. James's Chronicle, Apl. 16. T. Rodney's
account (extracted from the Wilmington, Del., Mirror)
of Genl. Lee's assertion that he was Junius.
1808. 22. Reasons for rejecting the presumptive Evi-
dence of Mr. Almon that Boyd was Junius, with Passages
selected to prove the real author of the Letters of Junius.
This is Dr. Girdlestone's pamphlet, and endeavours to show
that Gen. Charles Lee was Junius.
1809. 23. Another guess at Junius, and a Dialogue,
Svo. An attempt to prove that Lord Chatham was Junius.
1810. 24. Junius's Letters, with Portraits, r. Svo.
1812. 25. The Letters of Junius, including Letters by
the same Writer, under other signatures, (now first col-
lected.) To which are added confidential Corresp. with
Mr. Wilkes, and his private Letters to H. S. Woodfall, with
a Preliminary Essay, [by John Mason Good, M.D.,] Notes,
Fac-similes, &c., 3 vols. 8vo. Repub. in Phila., 1813, 2
vols. Svo.
1813. 26. An Attempt to ascertain the author of Ju-
nius's Letters, Svo. By the Rev. John B. Blakeaway. Mr.
B. advocates the claims of John Horne Tooke. See 1815,
No. 36. 27. An Inquiry concerning the Author of the
Letters of Junius, in which it is proved, by internal as well
as direct and satisfactory Evidence, that they were written
by the Hon. Edmund Burke, 8vo. By John Roche. 28.
Facts tending to prove that Genl. Lee was the Author of
Junius. By T. Girdlestone, M.D. See 1808, No. 22. 29.
The Life of the Author of Junius's Letters, the Rev. James
Wilmot, D.D. With portrait, fac-similes, etc., Svo. By
Olivia Wilmot Serres. 30. A Discovery of the Author of the
Letters of Junius, Svo. This is John Taylor's first publica-
tion on the subject, and attributes the authorship to Philip
Francis, D.D., father of Sir Philip Francis. See 1816,
No. 37. 31. The Letters of Junius, illustrated by Howard
Bocquet, from original paintings. A beautiful ed., with
12 portraits. 32. Memoirs, by a celebrated Literary and
Political Character, [Richard Glover,] 1742-57, Svo. By
Richard Duppa.
1814. 33. An Inquiry concerning the Author of the
Letters of Junius, with Reference to the Memoirs, (see
1813, No. 32,] &c., Svo. An attempt to prove that Richard
Glover was the author. 34. An Inquiry into the Author
of the Letters of Junius. 35. Second ed. of H. S. Wood-
fall's ed. of 1812, 3 vols. Svo.
1815. 36. Sequel of An Attempt to discover Junius,
by the Rev. J. B. Blakeaway. See 1813, No. 26.
1816. 37. The Identity of Junius with a distinguished
Living Character [Sir Philip Francis] established. By John
Taylor. See 1813, No. 30.
See 1813, No. 30. This is the first attempt to fix
the authorship upon Sir Philip Francis. See the preceding
references to this branch of the controversy, under the titlo
of I. SIR PHILIP FRANCIS, and to London Athenæum,
Oct. 8, 1850; consult also Index to Notes and Queries, and
1770. 6. An Address to Junius upon the subject of his to the Athenæum for 1850. Especially see Mr. Taylor's
Letter in the Public Advertiser, Dec. 19, 1769, Svo. In letters to Notes and Queries, Sept. 7, 1850. 38. Arguments
this address the Letters are attributed to Wilkes.
and Facts proving that the Letters of Junius were written
1771. 7. Letters addressed to the King, the Duke of by John Lewis De Lolme. By Tho. Busby, Mus. D., Svo.
,
1003
JUN
JUN
39. Letters to a Nobleman, proving a late Prime Minister
[the Duke of Portland] to have been Junius, and deve-
loping the secret motives which induced him to write
under that and other signatures, with an Appendix, 8vo.
1851. 70. Postscript to No. 69, with Fac-simile letters
of Junius, Lord Chesterfield, and Mrs. C. Dayrolles, &c.
1853. 71. The Ghost of Junius, &c. By Mr. Ayerst.
In favour of the claims of Lieut.-Genl. Sir Robert Rich,
Bart.
|
1817. 40. A Supp. to Junius Identified. By John Tay-
lor. Consisting of Fac-similes of Handwriting and other
Illustrations, Svo. A 2d ed. of this and of No. 37 was pub.
in 1818. See 1816, No. 37. 41. The Author of Junius
ascertained from a concatenation of circumstances, amount-
ing to moral demonstration, Svo. By George Chalmers.
This is a republication, with new facts, &c., of the argu-
ments in favour of H. M. Boyd. See 1800, No. 19. Re-
printed in 1819, with a new title-page and a postscript.
42. An Attempt to ascertain the Author of Junius, Svo.
43. Junius: Sir Philip Francis Denied: a Letter addressed
to the British Nation, by Olivia Wilmot Serres, 8vo.
74. The Beauties and Maxims of Junius, by Lye, and
75, the Selection of Aphorisms, by Fisher, being merely
compilations, need be barely referred to. The notes to
Heron's edit. of Junius are worthy of attention. The
reader will find much ingenious criticism, and many plau-
1819. 44. Junius Unmasked: a well-known and most
eminent Literary Character of the last Century, 1819.
This is an argument in favour of Gibbon the historian.
45. A Refutation of the Claims preferred for Sir Philipsible suppositions, in several of the following articles enu-
Francis and Mr. Gibbon to the Letters of Junius, 1819.
46. Junius, with his Visor Up! 1819. A burlesque in
favour of Suett, the Comedian. 47. Another Guess at
Junius, (1819?)
merated in Poole's Index to Periodical Literature.
1821. 48. The Author of Junius discovered in the Per-
son of the celebrated Earl of Chesterfield, Svo; and 1823.
1822. 49. The Letters of Junius, with Preliminary Dis-
sertatations and Copious Notes. By Atticus Secundus,
Svo. This author coincides with John Taylor.
1823. 50. The Claims of Sir Philip Francis, with a
Supp. to Junius Discovered, Svo.
1825. 51. A Critical Enquiry regarding the real author
of the Letters of Junius, proving them to have been writ-
ten by Lord Viscount Sackville. By George Coventry, Svo.
It is asserted that Coventry changed his views, and pub.
a pamphlet in support of the claims of Sir Philip Francis.
But this appears to be doubtful.
1826. 52. Junius proved to have been Burke; with an
Outline of his Biography, 8vo. We may here mention
also (53.) Junius's Political Axioms, Svo, and (54.) A Great |
Personage proved to have been Junius, 8vo.
1828. 55. Junius Unmasked; or, Lord George Sackville
proved to be Junius. This anonymous work, pub. at Bos-
ton, Mass., is based upon Coventry's argument in favour
of Lord George Sackville. See ante, 1825, No. 51. 56.
Letters on the Author of Junius. By E. H. Barker, 12mo.
This work opposes the claims of Sir Philip Francis, and
advocates those of Charles Lloyd. 57. Memoirs of John
Horne Tooke, and also containing proofs identifying him
as the author of the celebrated Letters of Junius. By Dr.
Graham; pub. in N. York.
1829.
58. Junius's Posthumous Works; with an Inquiry
respecting the Author, and a sketch of the Life of John
Horne Tooke, Svo. Pub. in N. York. Advocates the claims
of Tooke.
1833. 62. Junius, Lord Chatham, &c. By John Swinden.
1837. 63. Who was Junius? Anon. In favour of
1830. 59. The Secret Revealed of the Authorship of
Junius's Letters. By James Falconar, Jun., Esq. Advo-
cates the claims of Daniel Wray.
1831. 60. An Essay on Junius and his Letters. By Benj.
Waterhouse, M.D. This work, pub. at Boston, Mass., ad- |
vocates the claims of the Earl of Chatham. 61. Letters
on Junius, addressed to John Pickering, Esq., shewing that
the author of that celebrated work was Lord Temple. By
Isaac Newhall. Pub. at Boston.
Lord Chatham's claims.
1841. 64. Letter to an Hon. Brig.-Genl., [Lord Towns-
hend;] repub. by N. W. Simons, 1843, 12mo. This Letter,
ascribed to Junius by Mr. Simons, was originally pub. in
1760. Mr. Simons argues against the claims of Sir Philip
Francis.
|
I. AUTHORSHIP OF JUNIUS: 1. Edin. Rev., xxix. 94, (by
Lord Brougham.) A writer in the Lon. Gent. Mag. (Dec.
1845, p. 587) ascribes this article to Sir Jas. Mackintosh;
but he is in error: Lord Brougham has recently repub. it
in his Contributions to the Edin. Rev., Lon. and Alasg.,
1856, iii. 338–361. 2. N. Amer. Rev., xxix. 315, (by G. B.
Cheever.) 3. N. Amer. Rev., xxxiv. 316, (by D. L. Child.)
4. N. Brit. Rev., x. 52; same art. in N. York Eclec. Mag.,
xvi. 160. 5. Amer. Month. Rev., i. 33. 6. N. Eng. Mag.,
i. 54. 7. Blackw. Mag., xviii. 164. S. Blackw. Mag., xxxiv.
209. 9. Lon. Month. Rev., lxxxii. 69. 10. Lou. Month.
Rev., evii. 354. 11. Amer. Whig Rev., xiii. 484. 12. Amer.
Whig Rev., xiv. 35. 13. Boston Living Age, xxvii. 567;
(from the London Spectator.) 14. Phila. Museum of For.
Lit., vii. 473. 15. Lon. Quar. Rev., xc. 49.
|
II. IDENTITY OF JUNIUS: 16. Dubl. Univ. Mag., xl. 20;
same art., Boston Living Age, xxxiv. 385.
III. JUNIUS IDENTIFIED: 17. Boston Living Age, xxvii.
281.
IV. LETTERS OF JUNIUS: 18. N. Amer. Rev., lv. 419,
(by C. F. Adams.)
V. WATERHOUSE'S ESSAY ON JUNIUS: 19. Charleston
South. Rev., vii. 486. 20. Boston Chris. Exam., x. 256, (by
H. Ware, Jr.)
VI. WOODFALL'S ESSAY ON JUNIUS: 21. Phila. Analec.
Mag., ii. 1.
VII. 22. Arguments in favour of the claims of Lachlan
McLane to the authorship of Junius, in Waldie's (Phila-
delphia) Library, (by John Jay Smith, editor.)
In addition to these, the reader will find many excellent
articles upon the general question, or specialties connected
with it, in the London Athenæum, Blackwood's Mag., (see
Index to vols. i.-1.,) and other periodicals. We would par-
ticularly instance a paper entitled, SIR PHILIP FRANCIS
not JUNIUS, in the Lon. Gent. Mag., Feb. 1842, 166–168;
and one by John Foster, entitled Who was Junius? (a re-
view of Woodfall's ed. of Junius, 1813, 8vo,) in the Lon.
Eclec. Mag., Feb. and April, 1813; ropub. in Foster's Critical
Essays, Lon., 1856, vol. ii. 72–105. We presume, however,
that the reader will be satisfied with the bill of fare thus
presented to him; and, as a stimulus to his investigations,
we can assure him that those who have most thoroughly
explored the field are generally those who avow themselves
to be most in the dark upon the subject. After espousing
and warmly advocating half a dozen theories on the sub-
ject, they usually end with no theory at all. Poor Sir N.
Harris Nicolas, after diligently posting for many years,
in mercantile-ledger style, the pros and cons in the Junius
Papers, arrived at this very satisfactory result:
“So far from having any theory of our own on Junius's identity,
we are as entirely free from bias on the subject, and confess ourselves
as profoundly ignorant of the authorship of those celebrated Let-
ters, as if, instead of having for many years constantly had the
question in our mind, and having read, we believe, nearly every
thing that has been written on the point, we had never bestowed
a thought on the matter. We have indeed a strong impression that
Junius was not any one of the numerous persous heretofore so
confidently brought forward."
|
1843. 65. The History of Junius and his Works; and
a Review of the Controversy respecting the Identity of
Junius. By John Jaques, 8vo. See the preceding remarks
ander II. LORD GEORGE SACKVILLE.
I
1854. 72. Junius Discovered. By F. Griffin, at Boston,
Mass., 1857, 12mo. Mr. Griffin advocates the claims of
Gov. Thos. Pownall. 73. Junius-Lord Chatham, &c., by
William Dowe, N. York, 1857, 12mo. A review of the
works of Mr. Griffin and Mr. Dowe will be found in the
Lon. Athen., July 17, 1858 The tone of the critique is
indicated in the opening paragraph:
“Two more volumes of mere speculation, both from the other
side of the Atlantic."
1848. 66. The Authorship of the Letters of Junius
Elucidated. By John Britton, 1848, r. Svo. See the pre-
ceding remarks under III. COLONEL ISAAC BARRÉ.
Į
1850. 67. H. G. Bohn's ed. of Junius, edited by John
Wade, 2 vols. Svo. See the preceding remarks under I.
SIR PHILIP FRANCIS. 68. Some New Facts and a
gested New Theory as to the authorship of the Letters of
Junius. By Sir Fortunatus Dwarris, Knt. Privately
printed. Refer according to last article. 69. Junius and
his Works compared with the Earl of Chesterfield, by W.
Cramp, Svc.
Not satisfied with this home-thrust at the "confident"
Junius-discoverers, the worthy knight, wrought up to a
high pitch of indignation by his ill-success, which forced
him to speak his mind without restraint, proceeds in the
following complimentary strain:
"However startling the idea may be to the many pseudo-dis-
coverers of Junius on both sides of the Atlantic, we found much of
the claim of our observations to attention in the very fact of our
having no Junius of our own, and on our disbelief in each of theirs."
When we remember the eminence of Sir N. H. Nicolas
100A
JUN
JYL
as an antiquary, and the fact that the above was written
as lately as 1843, we may estimate the probability of suc-
cess in Junius-hunting. But Mr. Wade is quite confident
that he has bagged the game; and perhaps he has.
Dr. John Mason Good concluded his investigations in
1812, in utter despair, and fifteen years later, only a few
weeks before his death, writes to Mr. Barker, respecting this
perplexing question,
"Many years ago. as you perhaps may be aware, I entered at full
speed into this research, and beat the bush in every direction. At
that time, however, the claims of Sir Philip Francis had not been
advanced, at least not before the public. But had they been brought
forward, the arguments by which it is obvious they may be met,
and many of which you have yourself ably handled, would, I think,
have succeeded in putting him as completely out of the list as all
the other competitors appear to be put whose friends have under-
taken to bring them forward. The question is nevertheless one of
great interest as well on the score of national history as of lite
rary curiosity. Yet, like many other desiderata, I am afraid it is
likely to lie beyond the fathoming of any line and plummet that
will be applied to it in our days.”—Oct 13, 1826.
Charles Butler, one of the most acute of lawyers, and
peculiarly well skilled in legal and literary controversy,
and who had moreover examined this subject with the per-
sonal assistance of John Wilkes, the correspondent of
Junius himself, writes to Barker, in 1828,
"I quote JUNIUS in English, as I would Tacitus or Livy in Latin.
I consider him as a legitimate English Classick.”—Mathias's Pur-
suits of Literature.
“Junius burst into notice with a blaze of impudence which has
rarely glared upon the world.before, and drew the rabble after him
as a monster makes a show. When he had once provided for his
safety by impenetrable secrecy, he had nothing to combat but truth
and justice, enemies whom he knows to be feeble in the dark. Being
then at liberty to indulge himself in all the immunities of invisi-
bility, out of the reach of danger, he has been bold; out of the
reach of shame, he has been confident. As a rhetorician, he has
the art of persuading when he seconded desire; as a reasoner, he
has convinced those who had no doubt before; as a moralist, he has
taught that virtue may disgrace; and as a patriot, he has gratified
the mean by insults on the high. It is not by his liveliness of
imagery, his pungency of periods, or his fertility of allusion. that
he detains the cits of London and the boors of Middlesex. Of style
and sentiment they take no cognizance."-DR. SAMUEL JOHNSON:
On the Seizure of the Falkland Islands, 1771.
·
"I am sorry I cannot communicate to you any information of
importance on the subject in which you take so great an interest.
I have only to add, that it appears to me involved in as great ob-
scurity as ever."
Jurin, James, M.D., 1684-1750, pub. a number of
medical and mathemat. works, 1712-49, for a list of which
see Watt's Bibl. Brit. See accounts of Jurin in Rees's Cyc.;
Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Works of the Learned, 1737-39, 41.
Justamond, John O., Surgeon R.A., d. 1786, pub.
And now-to descend to smaller things-we are encou-
raged by the candour of these eminent individuals to emu-
late their frankness; and we will be magnanimous enough
to own that our researches have placed us exactly in the
position of Messrs. Good, Nicolas, Butler, and some thou-Surgical Tracts. Lon., 1789, 4to, several medical works, a
sands of others in "pursuit of knowledge under difficul-
trans. of The Private Life of Louis XV., 1781, 4 vols. Svo,
ties:"-we are altogether ignorant of the authorship of the and a trans. of Abbé Raynal's Hist. of the Settlements
LETTERS OF JUNIUS. We have no claim to question the
and Trade of the Europeans in the East and West Indies,
veracity of this mysterious personage, who declared, "I 1776, 5 vols. 8vo; 1783, 8 vols. 8vo; 1784, 6 vols. 8vo;
am the sole depository of my secret, and it shall die with 1788, 8 vols. 8vo. The last edits. contain the additions
We have already quoted a portion of the eloquent and corrections of the Geneva ed. (in French) of 1780,
comments of Dr. Good upon Junius as a writer, but we are
10 vols. Svo, atlas in 4to. It is said that this work has
not willing to conclude this article without citing some
been trans. into every European language. It is truly va-
further authorities on this point:
luable, but far from unexceptionable in its moral tendency.
One-third of it was written by Diderot. It was ordered
to be burned by the Parliament of Paris, and a decree was
issued for the arrest of Raynal, who managed to escape.
me."
"The work of Raynal treats of every thing that can be sought
for connected with the East and West Indies: and if the student
will pursue through the work all the great leading historical events,
he will find them not only agreeable but useful.”—PROF. SMYTH.
"We do not scruple to pronounce the work in its English dress
correct, elegant, and nervous.”—Lon. Month. Rex.
Justel. On an Engine, &c.; Phil. Trans., 1686.
Justice, Alexander. 1. Laws of the Sea, &c., Lon.,
1705, 4to. 2. Commerce, 1707, 4to. 3. Monies and Ex-
change, 1707, 4to.
•
The citation of this passage may remind the reader that
an eminent modern critic has brought the names of John-
son and Junius into juxtaposition in his remarks upon the
chronological history of English style:
Adam Smith was nearly the first who made deeper reasonings
and more exact knowledge popular among us, and Johnson and
Junius the first who again familiarized us with more glowing and
sonorous diction, and made us feel the tameness and poorness of
the serious style of Addison and Swift."-LORD JEFFREY: Contrib.
to Edin. Review, Lon., 1853, 77.
"How comes this Junius to have broke through the cobwebs of
the law, and to range uncontrolled, unpunished, through the land?
The myrmidons of the Court have been long, and are still, pursuing
him in vain. They will not spend their time upon me, or you, or
you. No: they disdain such vermin when the mighty boar of the
forest, that has broken through all their toils, is before them. But
what will all their efforts avail? No sooner has he wounded one
than he lays another dead at his feet. For my part, when I saw
his attack upon the king, I own my blood ran cold. In short,
after carrying away our Royal Eagle in his pounces and dashing
him against a rock, he has laid you prostrate. Kings, Lords, and
Commons are but the sport of his fury. Were he a member of this
House, what might not be expected from his knowledge, his firm-
ness and integrity! He would be easily known by his contempt
of all danger, by his penetration, by his vigour. Nothing would
escape his vigilance and activity. Bad ministers could conceal no-
thing from his sagacity; nor could promises nor threats induce him
o conceal any thing from the public."-EDMUND BURKE: Speech in
the House of Commons.
2. Annot. in MS. Alexand. LXX. Interp., 1660, fol See
Bibl. Polygl. Waltoni, vi.
Junius, R. The Pastor's Advocate, Lon., 4to.
Junius, R. The Drunkard's Character. Lon., 1638, 8vo.
"Very acute and forcible passages and descriptions."-REV. H. J.
TODD.
Junius, R. Cure of Misprision, Lon., 1616, 8vo.
Junkin, D. X., D.D., a Presbyterian divine. The
Oath a Divine Ordinance, and an Element of the Social
Constitution, N. York, 1845, 12mo. This work has been
highly commended.
Junius Secundus. See KELSAL, CHARLES, No. 5.
Junius, Patrick, Librarian to James I. 1. Versio
at Notæ in Clementis Epist. ad Romanus, Oxf., 1633, 4to.
merly President of Lafayette College, Easton, now Pre-
Junkin, George, D.D., a Presbyterian divine, for-
sident of Washington College, Lexington, Virginia, b.
1790, in Cumberland county, Penna., has pub. a Treatise
on Justification, Phila., 1839, 12mo, Lectures on Pro-
phecy, 1844, Svo, a number of Sermons, Addresses, &c.,
and edited and contributed to several periodicals, 1826–53.
Junkin, Margaret, daughter of the preceding, has
gained some reputation by fugitive poems, specimens of
which will be found in May's American Female Poets,
1854; and in Read's Female Poets of America, 6th ed.,
1855. See also an article on the Female Poets of Ame-
rica, by Mrs. E. F. Ellet, in the North American Review,
for April, 1849. Miss Junkin has pub., within the last few
weeks, Silverwood, a Book of Memories, 1857.
Justice, Elizabeth. A Voyage to Russia, Lon.,
1739, '46, 8vo.
Justice, James. 1. Scotch Gardener's Director. 2.
British Gardener's Director, Edin., 1754, '67, Svo.
An original work."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
Juxon, William, 1582-1663, Fellow of St. John's
College, Oxford, 1598; Vicar of St. Giles's, Oxford, 1609;
Rector of Somerton, 1614; President of his College. 1621;
Vice-Chancellor, 1626-27; subsequently Dean of Worces-
ter, and Preb. of Chichester; elected Bishop of Hereford,
| 1633, but in the same year, and before consecration, was
removed to the bishopric of London; Lord High-Treasurer,
1635-41; Archbishop of Canterbury, 1660–63.
This good
man adhered faithfully to his royal master during his im-
prisonment previous to his barbarous murder, and accom-
panied him to the scaffold. 1. The Subject's Sorrow; or,
Lamentations upon the death of Britain's Josiah, King
Charles; a Serm., Lon., 1640, 4to. 2. Some Considera-
tions upon the Act of Uniformity, &c., by a Servant of
the God of Pence, 1662, 4to. See Bliss's Wood's Athen.
Oxon.; Biog. Brit.; Le Neve's Lives of the Archbishops;
Sir Philip Warwick's Memoirs; Laud's Life and Diary;
Clarendon's Hist. of the Rebellion; Hume's Hist. of Eng.;
Hallam's Constit. Hist. of Eng., 7th ed., Lon., 1854, ii. 39,
40, 187, n. There was great joy at Westminster when, in
the chapel of King Henry VII., Bishop Juxon was ele-
vated to the high office of Archbishop of Canterbury, and
that staunch Churchman, old Anthony Wood, warms at
the narration:
Junius Secundus. 1. Individual Despotism dan-
gerous to Public Liberty, Lon., 1849, Svo. 2. Congrega-that
tionalism as it is, and as it ought to be, 1850, Svo.
"Where, besides a great confluence of orthodox clergy, many
day, as being touched at the sight of that good man, whom
of honour, and gentry, gave God thanks for the mercies of
piety, learning, patience, charity, and all apostolical virtues."—
they esteemed a person of primitive sanctity, of great wisdom.
Bliss's Wood's Athen, Oxon., iv. $19.
Jyl of Breyntford. Testament, in old verse, Lon., ito.
1005
KÆM
KAN
K.
Kæmer, Francis, Surgeon, London. Paper in Ann.
of Med., 1801.
"I read it," remarks Kane's illustrious predecessor in the
fields of ice, Sir John Richardson, "with the deepest interest,
combined with admiration of the skill and perseverance with
which you accomplished your explorations, and the most heart-
felt sympathy with you in your trials and privations.... With
a less energetic leader the whole party would have perished."
"It is one of the most remarkable records I have ever met
with," says Prescott the historian, "of difficulties and sufferings,
and of the power of a brave spirit to overcome them."
Bancroft the historian, "his quickness of judgment, his un-
"His constant self-possession during his long trials," observeg
shrinking courage in danger, his fertility in resources in the
hours of greatest difficulty, give him a very high place in the
very first rank of Polar Navigators, as a leader, and commander,
and man; and no one of them all has told the story of their
adventures so charmingly as he has done."
Kane, Elisha Kent, M.D., a famous Arctic navi-
gator, a great-grandson of Colonel John Kane, of the
British Army, who emigrated from Ireland to New York
about 1756, and a son of John K. Kane, Judge of the
United States Court for the Eastern District of Penn-
sylvania, was b. in Philadelphia, Feb. 3, 1820; educated
at the University of Virginia, and in the Medical Depart-
ment of the University of Pennsylvania; and, after pass-
ing examination as a surgeon in the United States Navy,
was appointed physician to the Chinese Embassy, and
sailed in the frigate "Brandywine," May, 1843. He
availed himself of his two years' absence from home to
make the circuit of the globe, sailing around the coast
We have before us similar tributes from Washington
of South America, across the Pacific Ocean to Southern Irving, Edward Everett, Louis Agassiz, Alfred Tenny-
and Eastern Asia, and returning by the overland route son, and many others, but must content ourselves, in
through Europe across the Atlantic to the United States. this limited space, by referring the reader to London
Returning to Philadelphia, he practised medicine until Athenæum, Nov. 1, 1856; London Saturday Review, Nov.
May, 1846, when he was ordered to the coast of Africa | 22, 1856; U. States Magazine, Dec. 1856; N. American
in the frigate "United States," under Commodore Reed. | Review, Jan. 1857; Westminster Review, Jan. 1857; N.
A violent attack of fever sent him home for medical care, British Review, Feb. 1857; Blackwood's Magazine,
from which he was glad to escape for the opportunity of March, 1857; British Quarterly Review, April, 1857.
service in Mexico,-obtaining credentials at Washing- The labour of the preparation of his volumes told
ton as bearer of despatches to General Scott, then in the severely upon a constitution weakened by privations.
capital of that country. Near Nopaluca, the Mexican and hardships; and on the 10th of October, 1856, Kane
spy-company with whom the Doctor travelled had an sailed from New York for Liverpool, in hopes of regain-
encounter with a band of guerillas escorting General ing strength; but his malady gained upon him, and on
Gaona (whose life was saved by the bravery of Kane) the 20th of December he took passage for Havana, which
and other Mexican officers. After the conclusion of the he reached on the 25th. Here he lingered until the 16th
war, in January, 1849, Dr. Kane was attached to the of February, 1857, when he breathed his last. As his
store-ship Supply, bound for Lisbon, the Mediterranean, body was carried from State to State to the city of his
and Rio Janeiro, and shortly afterwards was assigned to birth, honours were decreed such as grateful nations.
the Coast Survey, from which he was summoned to a
accord to kings and conquerors.
field of duty with which his name will ever be gloriously
connected. The Government of the United States had
determined to share in the search for Sir John Franklin;
and Dr. Kane, who had repeatedly volunteered his ser-
vices, was made Senior Medical Officer and Naturalist
of the expedition, which sailed in two vessels, "The
Advance" and "The Rescue," furnished by the liberality |
of Henry Grinnell, Esq., of New York, under Commander
De Haven. Of this sixteen months' cruise (rewarded
by the discovery of Franklin's first winter-quarters and
the graves of three of his men) an account was published
under the following title: The United States Grinnell
Expedition in Search of Sir John Franklin: a Personal
Narrative, by Elisha Kent Kane, M.D., U.S.N., New
York, Harpers, 1853, 8vo.
|
Of this work a new edition, Illustrated with many
Plates and Wood-cuts, with a Biography of Sir John |
Franklin by S. Austin Allibone, (see p. 632, supra,) was
published by Messrs. Childs & Peterson, Philadelphia,
1857, 8vo, pp. 552. The difficulties under which Kane's
Second Polar Expedition was set afloat cannot be pro-
perly noticed here: they have been graphically portrayed
in Dr. Elder's Biography of Elisha Kent Kane, 1858, 8vo,
to which, as for other particulars, we refer the reader.
On the day of the return of the Expedition, Oct. 11,
1355, more than fourteen years ago, we recorded (p. 633,
supra) some of the results achieved. In September,
1856, Dr. Kane gave to the world: Arctic Explorations:
The Second Grinnell Expedition in Search of Sir John
Franklin during the Years 1853, '54, '55, Phila., Childs
& Peterson, 1856, 2 vols. 8vo, (Lon., Nelson, 1860, cr.
8vo; Far North: Explorations in the Arctic Regions by
Dr. Kane, Simpkin, 1865, 12mo.) The work was hand-
somely printed and beautifully illustrated, under the in-
telligent superintendence of one of its publishers, Mr.
George W. Childs, who liberally allowed the author
double the usual rate of copyright interest, and had the
pleasure of paying on this account, in the first year,
sixty-five thousand dollars, the proceeds of the sale of
as many copies of the work. Of such success there are
very few instances in literary history. But there was
something more and better than this: the enthusiastic
commendations, the hearty respect, the affectionate
friendship, of many of the most eminent persons in
Europe and America, were the well-deserved reward of
this heart-stirring record of philanthropic toil, suffering,
and peril.
We have already directed the reader to Dr. Elder's
Life of Kane, (see, also, SHIELDS, CHARLES WOOdruff,
D.D., No. 1;) and we also refer him to the Biographical
Sketch, by Dr. Shields, prefixed to a new edition of
Kane's Arctic Explorations, Hartford, 1868, 8vo; Famous
Boys, and How they became Great Men, Bost., 1860,
18mo; A Tribute to Kane, and other Poems, by George
W. Chapman, N. York, 1860, 12mo; Dr. Tweedie's
Life and Works of Earnest Men, Lou., 1863, p. Svo,
209-35; Dr. Kane the Arctic Hero: a Narrative, by M.
Jones, 1866, 12mo, and to (London) Geographical So-
ciety's Journal, vol. xxviii., 1859; Nouv. Biog. Géné-
rale, Paris, Didot, xxvii., 1861, 402. See, also, Access
to an Open Polar Sea in Connection with the Search
after Sir John Franklin and his Companions, by E. K.
Kane, M.D., N. York, 1853, Svo, pp. 24mo, and Kane's
Observations in the Arctic Seas, in Smithsonian Contri-
butions, as follows: Magnetical Observations, in vol. x.,
1858; Meteorological Observations, in vol. xi., 1859;
Astronomical Observations, in vol. xii., 1860; Tidal
Observations, in vol. xiii., 1861. To our Bibliography
of Arctic Voyages on pp. 633-34, supra, we make the
following additions: 21. Northern Regions; or, Uncle
Richard's Relations, &c., N. York, 1856, 8vo. 22. Arctic
Explorations by Sea and Land, &c., Edited by Epes
Sargent, Bost., 1857, 12mo. 23. Sea of Ice, from Last
London edition, 1859. 24. An Arctic Boat-Journey, by
Dr. Isaac I. Hayes, late Surgeon to the Kane Expedi-
tion, &c., 1860, 12mo. 25. Arctic Expeditions and their
Results: in College Essays, by William Everett, Camb.
and Lon., 1863, Svo. 26. Arctic Researches and Life
among the Esquimaux, &c., by Charles Francis Hall,
N. York, 1864, 8vo; Lon.,-Life with the Esquimaux,-
1865, cr. 8vo. 27. The Open Polar Sea: a Narrative of
a Voyage of Discovery towards the North Pole in the
Schooner "United States," made in the Years 1860–61,
by Dr. Isaac I. Hayes, Commander of the Expedition,
N. York, 1867, 8vo; Popular edition, 1869, 8vo. 28.
Cast Away in the Cold: an Old Man's Story of a Young
Man's Adventures, by Dr. Isaac I. Hayes, Bost., 1868;
Lon., 1869. 29. Adventures in the Ice: a Comprehen-
sive Survey of Arctic Exploration, Discovery, and Ad-
venture, including Experiences of Captain Penny, 1869.
30. The Polar World, &c., by Dr. G. Hartwig, Edited
by Dr. Guernsey, N. York, 1869. See, also, Revue des
Deux Mondes, Oct. 1868. Mr. Robert Brown, one of the
last of the Arctic Voyagers, is preparing a work on the
London edition, 1859.
In September,
1006
KAN
KAV
Physical Geography of Greenland, from researches under- Kater, Henry, Captain R.A., 1777-1835, a native
tulen during three different scientific journeys to the of Bristol, England; published a Description of a New
Arctic regions, the last of which was in 1867. He has Compensation Pendulum, in Nicholson's Journal, 1808;
obtained the assistance of Dr. Hooker, Professors Oliver Description of a very Sensible Hygrometer, in Nichol-
and Dickie, Mr. Lawson, Dr. L. Lindsay, Mr. Croal, son's Journal, 1809; astronomical papers in Phil. Trans.,
Dr. Lutken, and Herr Otto Morch of Copenhagen. In 1813, '14, '18, '19, '25, '28; a large portion (the other part
1868 a North-German expedition in the Germania, Cap- of the volume was written by Dr. D. Lardner) of a Treat-
ta. C. Koldewey, visited Greenland; on Sept. 26, 1869, ise on Mechanics, published in Lardner's Cyclopædia,
Captain C. F. Hall (supra) arrived at New Bedford after (vol. v.,) 1829, 12mo; An Account of the Construction
five years' residence in the Arctic regions; and in the and Verification of Certain Standards of Linear Mea-
same year (1869) five expeditions visited those inhospita- sures for the Russian Government, 1832, 4to. See bio-
ble climes, viz.: I. American, under Dr. Hayes, accom-graphical notices in Lon. Gent. Mag., 1835, ii. 324, and
panied by Bradford the artist, for the purpose of taking Knight's Eng. Cyc., Biog., iii. 686; and a review of his
photographs, in "The Panther;" II. German, Dr. Bes- account of Pendulums published in Phil. Trans., 1819 in
sel, in "The Albert;" III. English, Captain Iverson, Edin. Rev., xxxiv. 338.
in "The Diana;" IV. Norwegian, Captain Carlsen, in
a small sloop; V. Russian, Captain Kieck, in "The
George." From some of these adventurous spirits we
may expect contributions to Arctic Bibliography.
Katherine, Queen of England. See CATHERINE
PARR.
Katterns, Daniel. Sermons, Lon., 1852, 12mo.
Kavanagh, Arthur. The Cruise of the R. Y. S
Eva, with Frontispiece and sixteen Tinted Illustrations,
Dubl., 1865, 8vo. An account of a yachting-excursion
from Ireland to Albania in search of woodcock, water-
fowl, and wild boar.
Kane, Paul, "an American artist, who has studied
in Europe, and apparently unites the refinement of the
Old World with the Indian energy of the New," (Lon.
Athen., 1859, ii. 14, q. v.) Wanderings of an Artist
among the Indians of North America, from Canada to
Vancouver's Island and Oregon, through the Hudson's
Bay Company's Territory and Back Again; with Illus-
trations, Lon., 1859, Svo, pp. 460.
|
|
Kane, Sir Robert John, M.D., b. in Dublin, 1810,
commenced his medical studies at the Math Hospital,
of which he became the Clinical Clerk, and was subse-
quently appointed Professor of Chemistry to Apothe-
caries' Hall, Dublin, which chair he resigned in 1845;
Professor of Natural Philosophy to the Royal Dublin
Society, 1844-47; Knighted by the Lord-Lieutenant of
Ireland, 1846; President of Queen's College, Cork, from
1849 to 1869 et seq. In 1830 he obtained the prize
offered by Dr. Graves for the best essay on the Patho-
logical Condition of the Fluids in Typhus Fever; in 1832
he projected the Dublin Journal of Medical Science;
in 1846 he became Director of the Museum of Irish In-
dustry, established in accordance with his suggestions;
and in 1847 received the Cunningham Gold Medal of the
Royal Irish Academy for his discoveries in Chemistry.
1. Elements of Pharmacy, Dubl., 1831, 12mo. 2. Ele-
ments of Chemistry, Svo: Pts. I. and II., 1841; Pt. III. |
1843; Amer. ed., by John Wm. Draper, M.D., N. York,
1843, Svo; 2d ed., Elements of Chemistry, Theoretical
and Practical, including the Most Recent Discoveries
and Applications of the Science to Medicine and Phar-
macy, to Agriculture and to Manufactures; Illustrated
by 230 Woodcuts, Dubl., 1849, 8vo.
"Probably the most extensively useful work of its kind
hitherto published.”—Knight's Eng. Cyc., Bing., iii., 1856, 679.
3. The Industrial Resources of Ireland, 1844, Svo; 2d
ed., 1845, Svo.
|
"The most useful book ever published in Ireland."-Dublin
Univ. Mag., xxv. 57, n.
4. The Large and Small Farm Question Considered in
Regard to the Present Circumstances of Ireland, 1848,
Svo. Sir Robert recommends the formation of small
farms. This question must soon be considered with re-
ference to England; and the sooner it is settled in the
manner required by the necessities of a superabundant
population, the better for the prosperity of that great
country. In 1775 there were about 200,000 land-owners;
in 1855 there were less than 35,000. How long will it be
safe to crowd the cities and villages thus? Should Eng-
lish manufactures be driven from foreign markets by
competition, what follows at home?
5. Inaugural Address delivered at the Opening of
Queen's College, Cork, 1850, Svo. 6. Queen's College,
Cork: Address delivered at the Public Distribution of
Prizes on October 25, 1850, 1850, Svo.
"Sir Robert's Address cannot fail to do good.”—Lon. Athen.,
1850, 1340.
Sir Robert is the author of essays in the Irish
cultural Improvement Society's Journal, and in other
serials. Biographical notices of this eminent benefactor
to science and political economy will be found in Dubl.
Univ. Mag., May, 1849, (Our Portrait-Gallery, No. 53,)
Knight's Eng. Cyc., ut supra, and Men of the Time,
1868, 460.
Kavanagh, James W. Arithmetic, its Principles
and Practice, new ed., Lon., 1858, 12mo.
Kavanagh, Julia, the descendant of two ancient
Irish families of great consideration, was b. at Thurles,
Ireland, 1824, and whilst a child accompanied her parents
first to London, and then to Paris, where she remained
many years. In 1844 she returned to London.
1. The Three Paths; a Story for Youth, Lon., 1848,
12mo; Bost., 1855, 16mo. 2. Madeleine; a Tale of
Auvergne, Founded on Fact, Lon., 1848, p. 8vo; N. York,
1852, 12mo; new ed., Lon., 1869, fp. Svo. 3. Woman in
France during the Eighteenth Century, 1850, 2 vols. p.
8vo; Phila., 1850, 12mo; new ed., Lon., 1864, p. Svo.
Commended by Lon. Athen., Lon. Quar. Rev., and Lon.
Exam. 4. Nathalie; a Tale, 1851, 3 vols. p. 8vo; N.
York, 1851, 12mo; new ed., Lon., 1859, p. Svo. See
Lon. Athen., 1850, 1184. 5. Women of Christianity
Exemplary for Acts of Piety and Charity, 1852, p. 8vo;
N. York, 1852, 12mo; new ed., Lon., 1858, p. Svo. 6.
Daisy Burns, Lon., 1853, 3 vols. p. Svo; N. York, 1853,
12mo. Commended by Lon. Spec. 7. Grace Lee; a
Tale, Lon., 1855, 3 vols. p. Sro; N. York, 1855, 12mo.
S. Rachel Gray: a Tale Founded on Fact, 1855, cr.
Svo; N. York, 1856, 12mo. Commended by Lon. Ob-
server, Lon. Post, and Lon. Sun. 9. Adele; a Tale, Lon.,
1858, 3 vols. p. Svo; N. York, 1858, 12mo; new ed., Lon.,
1862, p. Svo. 10. Summer and Winter in the Two Sici-
lies, 1858, 2 vols. p. Svo. 11. Seven Years, and Other
Tales, 1859, 3 vols. p. Sro; Bost., 1860, Svo; N. York,
1860, 12mo. 12. French Women of Letters: Biographi-
cal Sketches, Lon., 1861, 2 vols. p. Svo. 13. English
Women of Letters: Biographical Sketches, 1862, 2 vols.
p. Svo. 14. Queen Mab, 2d ed., 1863, 3 vols. p. Svo; N.
York, 1863, 12mo. 15. Beatrice, Lon., 1865, 3 vols. p.
Svo; N. York, 1865, 12mo.
Svo; N. York, 1865, 12mo. See, also, KAVANAGH, MOR-
GAN, No. 4. 16. Sybil's Second Love, Lon., 1867, 3 vols.
p. Svo.
17. Dora, 1868, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Kavanagh, M. D. 1. A New English Grammar,
Lon., 1859, 12mo. 2. The Universal Table Book, 1860,
24mo. 3. New Latin Delectus, with the Rules of Syntax,
1868, 12mo.
Kapp, Frederick, a resident of the city of New
York, of German descent. The Life of Frederick Wil-
liam von Steuben, Major-General in the Revolutionary
Army; with an Introduction by George Bancroft, N.
York, 1859, 12mo, pp. 735. See N. Amer. Rev., Oct.
1859, 552; Lon. Athen., 1859, ii. 629.
Kavanagh, Matthew. 1. Wanderings of Lu:an
and Dinah, Lon., Svo. 2. Cottager's Friend and Farmer's
Guide, 1821, 12mo.
Kavanagh, Morgan, father of Julia Kavanagh,
(supra) 1. The Discovery of the Science of Languages,
Lon.. 1844, 2 vols. 8vo. Unfavourably reviewed in Lon.
Lit. Gaz., 1844, 332. 2. Aristobulus: The Last of the
Maccabees: a Tale of Jerusalem, 1855, 3 vols. p. Svo.
"A tough historical novel.”—Lon. Athen., 1855, 1115.
3. Myths traced to their Primary Source through Lau
Agri-guage, 1856, 2 vols. p. Svo.
guage, 1856, 2 vols. p. Svo. 4. The Hobbies
4. The Hobbies; a Novel;
Edited by Julia Kavanagh, 1857, 3 vols. p. Svo. Miss
Kavanagh denied that she authorized the use of her
name as editor of this book: see Lon. Athen., 1857, 761,
792, 822, S54.
Kavanagh, T. Henry, Assistant Commissioner in
Oudh. How I won the Victoria Cross, Lon., 1860, p.
8vo. See Lon. Athen., 1860, 224.
Kay, George. Agriculture of North Wales, Lon.,
1794, 4to.
Kay, James. Portraits and Caricatures, with Bio-
graphical Sketches and Anecdotes, Edin., 1838, 2 vols. r.
Svo.
1007
KAY
KEA
4to; 1843, 4 vols. r. Svo. A good book for a Grangerite.gious poems, and several theological works of greater
The plates were issued some years before the first of pretensions. It is said that he gave to the world no less
above dates.
than forty-seven publications,-three in folio, six in quarto,
and the balance in octavo and smaller sizes. Of all these
works, the following are the only ones now in much demand.
1. Travels of True Godliness, Lon., 1683. New ed., with
Notes and Memoirs of the Author, by the Rev. Howard
Malcom, of Boston, N. England, N. York, 1831, 18mo; last
English eds., Lon., 1846, 49, 18mo.
"In point of theological accuracy, devout temper, and useful
tendency, the Travels of True Godliness may bear comparison with
Pilgrim's Progress. The admirers of Bunyan cannot fail to be
pleased with Keach."-HoWARD MALCOM.
Kay, John. See CAIUS, JOHN.
Kay, John. See CAIUS, KAYE, KEY, or CAY.
Kay, Jonathan. Account of a strange Cancer of
the Face; Phil. Trans., 1701.
Kay, Joseph, of Trinity College, Cambridge, Bar-
rister-at-Law. 1. Education of the Poor in England and
Europe, Lon., 1846, Svo.
"We need not enter into the controversy between Dr. Whewell
and Mr. Kay respecting the publication of this volume. . . .
We
have, however, to complain that Mr. Kay has very imperfectly exa-
mined the state of priinary education either in England or in Eu-
rope."-Lon. Athen., 1846, 520, q. v.
2. The Social Condition and Education of the People in
England and Europe, 1850, 2 vols. p. 8vo. A review of
this work, and of Samuel Laing's Observations on the
Social and Political Condition of the European People in
1848 and 1849, being the Second Series of the Notes of a
Traveller, will be found in the Athenæum, 1850, 727, 764.
Kay, Matthew. Serm., 1765, Svo.
Kay, Stephen. Travels and Researches in Caffraria,
&c., Lon., 1833, 12mo.
"On the whole, however, the work of Mr. Kay is creditable to
his industry and good feeling.”—Lon. Athenæum, 1833, 731.
Kay, Thomas. See CAIUS, THOMAS.
Kay, Rev. W.
Promises of Christianity, Lon., 1855,
3vo.
Kaye, John, 1784-1853, a native of Hammersmith,
London, educated at Christ's College, Cambridge, of which
he was elected Master in 1814; served the office of Vice-
Chancellor; was made Regius Professor of Divinity in
1816; Bishop of Bristol, 1820; trans. to Lincoln, 1827. 1.
Eccles. Hist. of the 2d and 3d Centuries, illustrated from
the Writings of Tertullian, Camb., 1825, '26, '29, 36, 45,
8vo. 2. A Charge, 1828, Svo. 3. Writings and Opinions
of Justin Martyr, 1829, '36, '53, Svo. 4. Writings and
Opinions of Clement of Alexandria, 1835, Svo. Reviewed
in the British Critic, vii. 152. 5. A Charge, 1843, Svo;
two edits. same year. 6. Council of Nicæa, in Connection
with the Life of Athanasius, 1853, Svo. 7. Nine Charges,
with other Works, edited by his son, 1854, Svo. 8. Ac-
count of the Government of the Church during the Three
First Centuries, 1855, 8vo. Bishop Kaye's writings are
of great value to the theological student. In addition to
the preceding, he pub. a number of anonymous treatises,
among which are Remarks on Dr. Wiseman's Lectures,
and Reply to the Travels of an Irish Gentleman. A bio.
graphical account of this excellent prelate will be found
in Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1853, and see same periodical
for May, 1853, and Aug. 1853.
Kaye, John William. 1. Hist. of the War in Affghan-
istan, Lon., 1851, 2 vols. 8vo; 1853, 2 vols. 8vo. This work
contains a large amount of original matter from heretofore
anpublished Letters and Journals of distinguished actors
(military and political) in the scenes described. 2. The
Administration of the East India Company, 1853, 8vo.
3. The Life and Corresp. of Major-General Sir John Mal-
colm, 1856, 2 vols. Svo; 2d ed., 1857, 2 vols. Svo; vol. iii.
1857, 8vo.
"This work deserves to participate in the popularity which it
was the good fortune of Sir John Malcolm to enjoy to a very re-
markable extent in his lifetime."-Elin. Rev., April. 1857, q. v.
This vivid narrative is written with scrupulous and unflinching
fidelity, and flows on with a vigour and freshness which do the
author great credit."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
C
"Replete with interest and information, deserving to be perused
by the student of Indian history, and sure to recommend itself to
the general reader.”—Lon. Athen., 1856, 1531–1533, q. v.
“The present work has none of that superiority, as a piece of
biographical writing, which might have been anticipated from the
celebrity of the writer, Mr. Kaye; but the materials, especially of
the first volume, are full of interest."— Westminster Rev., Jan.
1857. q. v.
Kaye, Lady Lister. British Homes and Foreign.
Wanderings, Lon., 1849, 2 vols. p. Svo; 1852, 2 vols.
Svo.
p.
Unrivalled as these volumes are. considered as portfolios of aris-
tocratic sketches, they are not less interesting on account of the
romantic history with which the sketches are interwoven.”—John
Bull.
Kaye, Richard. Serm., Lon., 1784, 4to.
Kays, William. Answer to XVIII. Queries of John
Whitehead, Quaker, Lon., 1654, 8vo.
"Keach was but a poor imitator of John Bunyan."-ROBERT
SOUTHEY: Io. Quar. Rev., x. 124.
2. The Travels of Ungodliness; last ed., 1849, 18mo. 3.
Tropologia: A Key to open Scripture Metaphors and Types,
1681, fol.; 1779, fol.; last eds., 1853, '56, r. 8vo. Keach
received assistance in the preparation of his works from
men of more learning than himself, and the first book of
Tropologia was written by Thomas Delaune. The best
of the old eds. (1779, fol.) had become so scarce before the
new one of 1853, that a copy could seldom be purchased
under £3.
"After an acquaintance with this excellent work for more than
thirty years. I will take the freedom to recommend it to serious
young Christians, to Masters of Families, to Students of Divinity,
and younger Ministers of the Gospel.... A book full of the best
riches, in the easiest language."-JOHN RYLAND.
"A most valuable treasure of human composition; a book with.
out which no Christian Minister's Library can be complete, and
which may be very useful to every attentive reader and lover of
the word of God."-C. DE COETLOGN.
"I know not of any work that has treated the subject to such an
ample extent."-THOMAS GIBBONS.
Also highly commended by W. Hervey, Jas. Hervey,
T. R. Valpy, and others.
John Conder, Benj. Francis, H. Peckwell, Saml. Medley,
"It is a work which a judicious preacher may consult with profit,
but which a commonplace declaimer will never fail to abuse.”—Dr.
E. Williams's C. P.
"Many of his interpretations are very fanciful. The Introduc
tion was translated from Glassius's Treatise de Typis et Metaphoris,
in his Philologia Sacra.”—Hurne's Bibl. Bib. And see next article.
4. Gospel Mysteries Unveiled; or, An Exposition of all
the Four Evangelists, &c.; with a Supp., 1701, 2 vols. fol.
the Parables and many Express Similitudes contained in
New ed., 1815, 4 vols. Svo. This ed. omits the Preface,
of the references to texts,) and the indices.
all the marginal summaries and notes, (with the exception
But a new
edit., issued within about a year, (1856, r. Svo,) lies before
us, and this has the Preface, an Index, and, we presume,
(but of this we are not certain,) the original notes.
"Many of the Parables are spiritualized almost to absurdity.
The work, however, contains good materials, which persons of
sober judgment may employ to advantage."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
An eminent critic remarks of the two works last noticed:
"That Mr. Keach possessed a very familiar acquaintance with
the Bible is obvious. The above works, however, are far from judi-
cious. He frequently fails in distinguishing things that differ, and
guished. He carries his illustrations too far, the common fault
often confounds together the things which ought to be distin-
of metaphor-hunters and parable-preachers. His works may be
useful, but they are liable to be very much abused. If the reader
is partial to this kind of interpretation, he would do well to con-
sult the Rhetorica Sacra of Glassius, in the improved edition by
Dathe."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Bickersteth remarks that these works of Keach contain many
useful suggestions."-Christian Student.
Walter Wilson says that Keach's works will be found
"of great utility to the theological student, as containing many
original observations upon various passages of Scripture that are
obscure and intricate."-Hist. of Dissenting Churches, q. v.
5. A Golden Mine Opened, &c., containing the substance
of near Forty Serms., 1694, 4to. With Keach's portrait.
""
As to his preaching, his style was strong and masculine; and
his sermons, though they had not the embellishments of languag",
were full of solid divinity."-WALTER WILSON: ubi supra,
Crosby tells us that Keach was
"a person of great integrity of soul; a Nathanael indeed." Sue
Crosby's Hist. of the Baptists.
Keach, Elias. Serms., 1699, &c.
Kean, T. Longitude at Sea, Lon., 1774, 8vo.
Keane, David D. 1. Courts of Requests, Lon., 1845,
12mo. 2. Magistrate's Statutes; Supp. to Burn's Justice
to 1850, 8vo, 1850. 3. Statutes rel. to Gaols, &c., 1850,
12mo. 4. Magistrate's Statutes; Supp. to Burn's Justice,
Kayser, J. Medical Letter, Lon., 1766, 8vo.
Keach, Benjamin, 1640–1704, a native of Stoke-1853, 8vo. 5. The Nuisances-Removal Act for 1855, 12mo,
haman, Buckinghamshire, a member of the Particular or
Calvinistic Baptists, commenced preaching in his eighteenth
year, and in 1668 became pastor of a congregation in
Southwark, London, was cruelly persecuted for his hold
advocacy of his opinions, and consoled himself by writing
▲ great number of controversial and other tracts and reli-
1008
1856,
Lon., 1776, 4to. 2. Philological and other papers in Trans.
Kearney, Michael, D.D. 1. Lects. on History,
Irish Acad., 1789, '90, '95.
Kearny, John, D.D.
&c., Lon., 1791, 12mo.
Kearsley, C. and G.
&c., Lon., 1791, 12mo.
Serm., Dubl., 1747, 4to.
Stranger's Guide in London,
Other works.
KEA
KEA
Kearsley, George. Hereditary Succession to the
Crown on the failure of Heirs, Lon., 1783, 4to.
Keary, William. 1. Common-Place Book to the
Fathers, Lon., 8vo. 2. Review of Papal and Conciliar
Infallibility, 12mo.
¦
Keate, George, 1729?-1797, was the author of a
number of poems, collected in 2 vols. 12mo, Lon., 1781;
an Account of Geneva, 1761, 12mo; and some other pub-
lications, of which the following is the only one now in
request: An Account of the Pelew Islands, composed from
the Journals of Capt. II. Wilson and some of his Officers,
1788, 4to. Supp., by Rev. J. H. Hockin, 1803, 4to. See
Gentleman's and European Magazines for 1797; Nichols's
Lit. Ancc.
Keate, Thomas, d. 1821, aged 76. Medical publi-
cations, 1788, 1808, '09.
Keate, William. Serms., &c., Lon., 1784-94.
Keating, E. H. Historical Centuries of Europe,
Asia, and Africa, Lon., 1847, 4to.
Keating, Geoffry, D.D., an Irish divine and histo-
rian, d. about 1625, or somewhat later, wrote in Irish A
General History of Ireland, which was trans. into English
by Dermot O'Connor, and pub. Lon., 1723, fol.; Westm.,
1726, fol., 1738, fol.; Dubl., 1809, 2 vols. 8vo, and in
1811, 8vo. The last is a new and correct translation as
far as the Christian era, with the original Irish on oppo-
site pages, by Wm. Haliday. The earlier translation is not
to be relied on:
"The innumerable errors in O'Connor's translation of Keating,
and the blunders he makes in the name of this book, prove he was
unable to make any thing of its contents.”—O'Reilly.
This work, however, must not be overlooked by the stu-
dent of Irish history.
"Keating's General History of Ireland, by Dermod O'Connor,
Dublin, 1723, should be in every library; but it is by no means a
common book.”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
Keating, H. S. and J. S. Willis. Smith's (John
W.) Leading Cases; 4th Amer. ed., from the 3d English ed.,
with addit. Notes and References to late English and
Amer. Decisions, by J. I. Clark Hare and H. B. Wallace,
Phila., 1852, 2 vols. 8vo. See HARE, J. I. CLARK; WAL-
LACE, HORACE BINNEY.
Keating, William. Serms., Lon., 1852, er. Svo.
Keating, William H., Prof. of Mineralogy and
Chemistry in the Univ. of Penna., at Phila. Narrative
of an Expedition to the Source of St. Peter's River, &c.,
in 1823, &c., under the command of Major Stephen H.
Long, U.S.T.E., Phila., 1824, 2 vols. 8vo; Lon., 1825, 2
vols. 8vo. Mr. K. was geologist and historiographer to the
expedition, which is known as Major Long's Second Ex-
pedition. The zoology is by Thos. Say, and the botany
by Dr. Schweinitz, &c. A review of this work, by Dr.
Goodman, will be found in the North Amer. Rev., xxi.
178-189; and another review of it occurs in the London
Month. Rev., eviii. 113-125.
"The Narrative of the expedition appears to have been carefully
composed, and is more uniform than that of the former expedition,
but not so interesting."-N. Amer. Rev., xxi. 189.
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
"Though the present expedition has added little to our know-
ledge of natural history, in other respects the narrative is replete
with valuable and interesting information."-Lon. Month. Rev.,
cviii. 125.
See JAMES, EDWIN, for a notice of Long's First Expe-
dition.
Keating, William V., M.D. 1. Dr. Fras. H. Rams-
botham's Principles and Practice of Obstetric Medicine
and Surgery, &c.; Amer. ed., with addits., Phila., 1855, 8vo;
with 64 plates and many wood-cuts.
The 3d Lon. ed. was
issued in 1852, and the 4th in 1856.
The best authorized exponent of British Midwifery."-PROF.
HODGE, of the Univ. of Penna.
2. Dr. Fleetwood Churchill's Diseases of Infants and
Children; 2d Amer. ed., with addits., Phila., 1855, Svo, pp.
736. See CHURCHILL, FLEETWOOD, M.D.
Keatinge, J. J., of Cincinnati, Ohio. Singing-Class
Manual, 1857, Svo.
Keatinge, Col. Maurice. 1. True Hist. of New
Spain; trans. from the Spanish of Bernal Diaz, Lon.,
1800, 4to. 2. True Hist. of the Conquest of Mexico; trans.
from the Spanish of Bernal Diaz, written in 1568, 1800,
4to; IS02, 4to; Salem, 1803, 2 vols. 8vo.
See an interesting account of Diaz and his history in
Prescott's Hist. of the Conquest of Mexico, 23d ed., Bost.,
855, ii. 476-480, and see Index at end of vol. iii.
"A delightful work, and the only account of that transaction on
which we can rely.”—ROBERT SOUTHEY.
60
Bernal Diaz's account bears all the marks of authenticity, and
is accompanied with such pleasant naïveté, with such interesting
details, with such amusing variety, and yet so pardonable in
an old soldier who had been, as he boasts, in one hundred and nine-
teen battles,—as renders his book one of the most singular that is
to be found in any language."-Dr. Robertson's Hist. of America.
...
"Bernal Diaz, the untutored child of nature, iz a most tree and
literal copyist of nature. . . . He introduces us into the heart of
the camp.... All the picturesque scenes and romantic incidents
of the campaign are reflected in his pages, as in a mirror. The
lapse of fifty years had no power over the spirit of the veteran.
The fire of youth glows in every line of his rude history.”—PRES-
COTT: ubi supra.
See LOCKHART, JOHN INGRAM.
1
Keats, John, 1796-1821, a native of Moorfields, Lon-
don, where his father and grandfather kept a stable,—
after receiving some classical instruction at a school at En-
field, was in his fifteenth year apprenticed to a surgeon at
the charms of poetical composition. Having made the ac-
Edmonton, but soon abandoned Galen and Æsculapius for
quaintance of Mr. Leigh Hunt, then editor of the Examiner,
he was encouraged to publish some of his effusions in the
volume of poems dedicated to his literary patron. In the
columns of that periodical, and in 1817 he put to press a
next year he gave to the world Endymion, a Poetic Ro-
mance, a poem containing many beauties, and perhaps as
many faults, and certainly indicative of most remarkable
poetical powers. The book had hardly got fairly before the
world when it was pounced upon with great severity by
havoc with the author's verses in the brief compass of three
Mr. Gifford, whose critical dissecting-knife made such sad
pages of the Quarterly, that poor Keats was crushed to the
earth under the severity of the operation, and it was long
believed by many that he actually died from its effects.
1
5. Travels in Europe
3, 4. Works on Perspective, 1812.
and Africa in 1785, 1816, 2 vols. 4to.
"This strange production, nearly as unintelligible as the Sibyl-
line leaves."-1am. Quar. Rev., xv. 153, q. v.
Keatinge, Thomas. Treat. on Family Settlements
and Devises, &c., Lon., 1810, 8vo.
In 1820, he gave to the world a second volume, contain-
ing Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes, Hyperion, and
some minor poems, which fully redeemed the promise of
extraordinary poetical powers so clearly perceptible in his
previous publications. In October of this year, he visited
Italy for the benefit of his health, but received no advan-
tage from the change, and died at Rome, on the 21st of
February ensuing. As Mr. Gifford's celebrated critique on
Endymion is always a prominent topic when the merits
of the author form the subject of discussion, we quote a
few lines as a specimen of the whole:
“With the fullest stretch of our perseverance, we are forced to
confess that we have not been able to struggle beyond the first of
the four books of which this Poetic Romance consists. We should
extremely lament this want of energy, or whatever it may be, on
our part, were it not for one consolation.—namely, that we are no
better acquainted with the meaning of the book through which
we have so painfully toiled than we are with that of the three which
we have not looked into.
It is not that Mr. Keats. (if that is his real name,—for we almost
doubt whether any man in his senses would put his real name to
such a rhapsody.) it is not, we say, that the author has not powers
of language, rays of fancy, and gleams of genius; he has all these:
but he is unhappily a disciple of the new school of what has been
somewhere called Cockney poetry, which may be defined to consist
of the most incongruous ideas in the most uncouth language.
This author is a copyist of Mr. Hunt; but he is more unintelligible,
almost as rugged, twice as diffuse, and ten times more tiresome and
absurd than his prototype.”—Lon. Quar. Rev., xix. 204–208, April,
1818.
Such language poor Keats did not consider compliment-
ary, and he was certainly right; but to charge Gifford
with his murder is absurd. We quite agree with Mr. Də
Quincey:
“The friends who honour Keats's memory should not lend them
selves to a story so degrading. He died, I believe, of pulmonary
consumption. and would have died of it, probably, under any cir-
cumstances of prosperity as a poet.”—Essøys in the Poets, dc.: John
Keats, Bost., 1853, SC-S7.
Nothing has given so much currency to this story (cx-
cepting perhaps Shelley's pathetic lines, both prose and
verse) as Byron's stanza in the 11th Canto of Don Juan :
"John Keats, who was kill'd off by one critique,
Just as he really promised something great,
If not unintelligible,—without Greek,—
Contrived to talk about the gods of late,
Much as they might have been supposed to speak.
Poor fellow! his was an untoward fate.
"Tis strange the mind, that very fiery particle,
Should let itself be snuff'd out by an Article."
But this stanza should always be accompanied by the
following comment by one of Keats's earliest, oldest, and
warmest friends:
"When I was in Italy, Lord Byron showed me in manuscript
the well-known passage in Don Juan, in which Keats's death is at-
tributed to the Quarterly Review.-the couplet about the fiery
particle that was snuff'd out by an article. I told him the real
state of the case. proving to him that the supposition was a mis-
take, and therefore, if printed, would be a misrepresentation. But
a stroke of wit was not to be given up.”—Leigh Hunt's Autobio-
graphy, chap. xvi., q. v.
Lord Byron, indeed, may have preferred Shelley's ver-
64
1009
KEA
KEA
sion of the matter to IIunt's; and he certainly seems to
be sincere in the opinion expressed in this stanza. See (in |
Moore's Life of By: ɔn) the MS. note, Nov. 12, 1821, to his
Pamphlet in answer to Blackwood's Magazine, and his
letters to John Murray, of April 26 and July 30, 1821.
Mr. Prescott, referring to Marsollier's comment.
Charles V.'s ungrateful letter to Ximenes, Cette terrible
Cette terrible
lettre qui fuit la cause de sa mort," remarks:
"Byron, alluding to the fate of a modern poet, ridicules the idea
on
of
16
"The mind, that fiery particle,
Being extinguish'd by an Article.'
"The frown of a critic, however, might as well prove fatal as
that of a king. In both cases, I imagine, it would be hard to prove
any closer connection between the two events than that of time.”
-Ferdinand and Isabella, 11th ed., Bost., 1856, iii. 415, n.
But, whatever may have been the extent of the injury
inflicted by Gifford's "Article," he has received sufficient
abuse for it himself to make the account even, long before
this time. To say nothing of the poetic invectives of
"Adonais,” Jeffrey, Hazlitt, Talfourd, and a host of other
generous champions, have taken up the cudgel in Keats's
behalf, and handled them with such hearty good-will and
thorough execution that we feel almost inclined to take
part with poor Gifford and rescue him from his enraged
But why a poet should murder a reviewer, or a reviewer
murder a poet, (for your duellist is in act or intention one
of the worst of murderers,) because one does not like the
other's poetry and the other does not fancy the former's
critique, is more than we can understand. Two very
spicy responses to Mr. Kents's self-deputed champions will
be found, the one in the London Quarterly Review for
March, 1840, (art. Journalism in France,) the other by
Dr. Maginn, (Remarks on Shelley's Adonais,) in Black-
wood's Magazine for December, 1841. The last will be
found in Dr. R. S. Mackenzie's collection of The Odoherty
Papers, N. York, 1855, ii. 190-200. But it is quite time
that we had quoted some opinions upon the characteristics
of a writer who now, at least, has acquired an unques-
tionable right to rank high on the illustrious roll of Bri-
tain's greatest poets. The present popularity of Keats is
best proved by that unerring standard, the publishers'
account-books. Among the late editions we must not omit
to specially notice the one illustrated by G. Scharff, Jun.,
pub. by Moxon, Lon., 1854, sq. er. Svo, and The Eve of
St. Agnes, (only,) illustrated by Wehnert, pub. by Low,
Lon., 1856, cr. 8vo.
Mr. Gifford's terrible review of Endymion was pub., as
we have seen, in the London Quarterly for April, 1818:
it was not until more than two years later-in the Edin-
burgh Review for August, 1820-that the great critic of
the "opposite faction," Francis Jeffrey, introduced the
productions of Keats to his portion of the reading public.
Of this "tardy justice" Christopher North complains to
the Shepherd in Noctes Ambrosianæ for December, 1828:
"My brother [reviewer] praised Keats, it is true, but somewhat
tardily, and with no discrimination; and, to this hour, he has taken
no notice of his Lamia and Isabella, in which Keats's genius is seen
to the best advantage; while, from the utter silence observed to-
wards him in general, it is plain enough that he cares nothing for
him, and that it is not unjust or unfair to suspect the insertion of
the article on Endymion was brought about by a Cockney job of
Hunt or Hazlitt's."
assailants.
"Mr. Keats," says Hazlitt, "was hooted out of the world, and
his fine talents and wounded sensibilities consigned to an early
grave.”—The Spirit of the Age; Mr. Gifford.
"Mr. Keats,” says Talfourd, who now happily has attained the
vantage-ground whence he may defy criticism—was cruelly or wan-
Lord Byron seems to have agreed with Jeffrey's disap-
tonly held up to ridicule in the Quarterly Review,-to his transitory probation of Keats's choice of mythological dramatis per-
sonce, but to have entertained a higher opinion of the merits
of Hyperion:
pain, we fear, but to the lasting disgrace of his traducer.”—New
Monthly Mag.; and in his Cril. und Miscell. Writings.
..
"The Editor of the Quarterly Review happened to be looking out
for a victim," says Cunningham, when the works of Keats ap-
peared. . . . To such a review there was no other mode of reply
but a horsewhip or a brace of pistols.”—Biog, and Crit. Hist. of the
Lit. of the Last Fifty Years.
Jeffrey may have praised without discrimination, per-
haps, this is a matter of taste between critics, but he
certainly praised heartily.
"
It [Endymion] is, in truth, at least as full of genius as of ab-
surdity; and he who does not find a great deal in it to admire and
to give delight cannot in heart see much beauty in the two exqui-
site dramas to which we have already alluded, [The Faithful Shep-
herdess of Fletcher, and The Sad Shepherd of Ben Jonson,] or find
any great pleasure in some of the finest creations of Milton and
Shakspeare.. We are very much inclined, indeed, to add, that
we do not know any book which we would sooner employ as a test
to ascertain whether any one had in him a native relish for poetry
and a genuine sensibility to its intrinsic charm."
. Of the second volume-Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St.
Agnes, and other Poems-the critic speaks in at least as
high terms, with the exception of some comments on Hy-
porion, which exception it was, we presume, that irritated
...
the amiable Christopher,
himself a terrible scourger
when a poor songster did not suit his critical and some-
what fastidious ear. And yet we can see nothing at al
smacking of severity in Jeffrey's few lines on Hyperion:
There is a fragment of a projected Epic, entitled Hyperion, on
the expulsion of Saturn and the Titanian deities by Jupiter and his
younger adherents, of which we cannot advise the completion; for,
though there are passages of some force and grandeur, it is suffi-
ciently obvious, from the specimen before us, that the subject is
too far removed from all the sources of human interest, to be suc
cessfully treated by any modern author. Mr. Keats has unques
tionably a very beautiful imagination, a perfect car for harmony,
and a great familiarity with the finest diction of English poetry;
but he must learn not to misuse or misapply these advantages, and
neither to waste the good gifts of Nature and study on intractable
themes, nor to luxuriate too recklessly on such as are more suitable.”
The review from which we have just quoted is one of
those which Lord Jeffrey selected for republication in his
Contributions to the Edinburgh Review. To the article
thus reprinted twenty-three years after its first publica-
tion his lordship appends the following note:
“I still think that a poet of great power and promise was lost to
us by the premature death of Keats in the twenty-fifth year of his
age, and regret that I did not go more largely into the exposition
of his merits in the slight notice of them which I now venture to
ing from the principle which must govern this republication, now
reprint. But though I cannot, with propriety, or without depart-
supply this omission, I hope to be forgiven for having added a page
or two to the citations by which my opinion of these merits was
then illustrated and is again left to the judgment of the reader.”
-Ed. Lon., 1853, 520–534.
"I think he took the wrong line as a poet, and was spoiled by
Cockneyfying and suburbing, and versifying Tooke's Pantheon and
Lemprière's Dictionary. . . . His fragment of Hyperion seems ac
tually inspired by the Titans, and is as sublime as Eschylus. Ile
is a loss to our literature; and the more so, as he himself, before
his death, is said to have been persuaded that he had not taken the
right line, and was reforming his style upon the more classical
models of the language. . . . . His Hyperion is a fine monument, and
will keep his name."-Moore's Life of Byron.
Mr. Moir remarks of Endymion and two of its successors:
"It would be difficult to point out anywhere a work more re-
markable for its amount of beauties and blemishes inextricably
intertwined. Its mythology is Greek, and its imagery the sylvan-
eritus, and now of the bosky bournes and bushy dells' of Milton's
pastoral, reminding us now of the pine-flavoured Idyllia of Theo-
•
Comus. . . . His two latest were also his two most perfect compo-
sitions, yet completely opposite in their character,-The Eve of St.
Agnes, of the most florid Gothic, remarkable for its sensuous beauty,
and Hyperion, a fragment equally remarkable for its Greek severity
and antique solemnity of outline."-Sketches of the Poet. L.t. of the
Past Half-Century.
We may add that, of Keats's minor poems, perhaps the
most admired are Lines written on Chapman's Homer, The
Ode to a Nightingale, The Ode to a Grecian Urn, and the
Ode to Autumn. Mr. Landor, comparing Chaucer, Burns,
and Keats, does not hesitate to declare, after a brief review
of the characteristics of the two former,
"Keats, in his Endymion, is richer in imagery than either; and
there are passages in which no poet has arrived at the same excel-
lence on the same ground. Time alone was wanting to complete
a poet who already far surpassed all his contemporaries in this
country in the poet's most noble attributes."
Landor as warmly as he praises its successor :
Mr. De Quincey censures the poem so highly lauded by
"The Endymion displays absolutely the most shocking revolt
against good sense and just feeling that all literature does now or
ever con furnish. The Hyperion, as Mr. Gilfillan truly says, 'is the
greatest of poetical torsos. The first belongs essentially to the
vilest collections of wax-work filagree or gilt gingerbread. The
other presents the majesty, the austere beauty, and the simplicity,
of Grecian temples enriched with Grecian sculpture."--Essays on
the Pocts, dc.; John Keats.
Mr. Howitt-but, alas! we find, on casting our eyes er
what we have already written, that we must conclude var
article just as we are fairly launched upon a pleasant ocean
of criticism. He, therefore, who wishes to dive more
deeply into the theme, must trust to his own piletage,
chart, which we offer to his acceptance. Let him cor sult,
which will be materially aided by following the subjoined
in addition to the authorities already noticed above,
Howitt's Homes and Haunts of the most Eminent British
Poets; Miss Mitford's Recollections of a Literary Life;
Gilfillan's First Gallery of Literary Portraits; Life, Let-
ters, and Literary Remains of John Keats, edited by Rich-
ard Monckton Milnes, Lon., 1848, 2 vols. fp. Svo, 1852,
2 vols. 12mo; Leigh Hunt's Life of Lord Byron and some
of his contemporaries; Shelley's Correspondence; Tucker-
man's Thoughts on the Poets; Tuckerman's Characteris-
ties of Literature, First Series; Whipple's Essays and
Reviews; Willis's Pencillings by the Way; J. Russell
Lowell's Poems,-To the Spirit of Keats, a Sonnet; West-
minster Rev., 1. 349; N. Brit. Rev., x. 38; Eclec. Rev..
1010
KEA
KEI
I
4th ser., xxiv. 533; Lon. Month. Rev., xcii. 305; Dublin
Univ. Mag., xxi. 690, xxxiii. 29; Blackw. Mag., iii. 519,
vii. 665, x. 696, xi. 346, xiii. 281, xiv. 226, 438, xvi.
288, 292, xix., Preface, xxvi., xxiii. 403, xxiv. 695, xxvii.
633, xlviii. 50; also the No. for March, 1854; Lon. Athen.,
1848, 789, 824, 859; Mass. Quar. Rev., ii. 414; Amer.
Whig Rev., viii. 603, (by C. A. Bristed,) xiv. 311; South.
Lit. Mess., viii. 37, (by H. T. Tuckerman ;) Democrat. Rev.,
xxi. 427, xxiii. 375, xxvi. 415; N. York Eclec. Mag., viii.
202, xiv. 409, xv. 340, xvi. 145; Bost. Liv. Age, xix. 20,
(from the Lon. Spectator.)
"Beauty is there,-purity and peace: as we look and listen we
partake of the universal calm, and feel in nature the presence of
Him from whom it emanated.” —Recreatums of Christopher North,
Sacred Poetry: and in Blackwood's Mogazine, xxvii. 837, June, 1830.
London, Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford.
Keble, Joseph, 1632-1710, a lawyer, a native of
1. Explan
of the Law against Recusants, &c., abridged, Lon., 1681,
8vo. 2. On Human Nature; an Essay, pamph. 3. Statutes
at large, 1681, fol. Reprinted from time to time, and con-
Introd. to Stat. of Realm, 23; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 433.
tinued by addit. vols. See Brooke's Bib. Leg. Ang., 170;
4. Assistance to the Justices of the Peace, 1683, '89, fol.
5. Reports in K. B. 13 Car. II.-31 Car. II., 1661–79, 3
vols. fol., 1685.
Keay. Practical Measurer, 1718, 8vo.
Keble, John, Vicar of Hursley, in Hampshire, b.
about 1790, was educated at Oriel College, and for some
years held the professorship of Poetry at Oxford.
1. On
Translation from the Dead Languages; an Oxford Prize
Essay, 1812, Oxf., 1812. 2. The Christian Year: Thoughts
in Verse for the Sundays and Holidays throughout the
Year, 1827, 2 vols.; 36th ed., 1852, Svo. 3. The Child's
Christian Year; 4th ed., 1841, 18mo. 4. Primitive Tradi--LORD
tion recognised in Holy Scripture; a Serm., [on 2 Tim. í.
14] 4th ed., with a Postscript and Catena Patrum, No. 3,
from the Tracts of the Times, 1839, 18mo, originally pub.
(in 1837) as No. 78 of the (Oxford) Tracts for the Times.
5. The Psalter; or, Psalms of David, in English Verse,
1839, sm. 8vo; 3d ed., 1840, 18mo. 6. Selections from
Richard Hooker, 1839, 18mo; 2d ed., 1848, 18mo. 7.
Hooker's Works; arranged by Rev. John Keble: see
HOOKER, RICHARD; N. Brit. Rev., Feb. 1857. 8. Præ-
lectiones Academicæ Oxonii Habitæ, 1832-41, 2 vols. 8vo;
1844; 1846, 2 vols. Svo. 9. Lyra Innocentium: Thoughts
in Verse, on Children, their Ways and their Privileges, 1846,
sm. 8vo. Anon. 10. Serms., Academical and Occasional,
1847, 8vo; 2d ed., 1848, Svo. 11. A Very Few Plain
Thoughts on the proposed addition of Dissenters to the
University of Oxford, 1854. Mr. Keble was joint editor,
with Dr. Pusey and others, of the Bibliotheca Patrum
Ecclesiæ Catholicæ, the publication of which began in
1838, a contributor, as we have seen, to the famous
(Oxford) Tracts for the Times, and to the Lyra Apostolica,
and the author of a much-lauded article in the 32d vol. |
of the London Quarterly Review, (211-232,) on Sacred
Poetry. The periodical just named accorded a hearty wel-
come to Mr. Keble's Christian Year, one of the most popu-
lar vols. of religious poetry which has appeared in the
English language.
These are certainly not complimentary notices; but some-
thing can be said on the other side. See Marvin's Leg.
Bibl., 434; Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 207; and
authorities cited in these works. See also Bridgman's Leg.
Bibl. 6. Essay on Human Actions, 1710, 8vo.
See Biog.
Brit.; Nichols's Lit. Anec.
|
Keddie, William, Secretary to the Philosophical
Society of Glasgow. 1. Cyclopædia of Literary and
Scientific Anecdote; illustrative of the Characters, Habits,
and Conversation of Men of Letters and Science, Lon. and
Glasg., 1854, p. 8vo. An excellent work. See ARVINE,
KAZLITT. A Mr. William Keddie-whom we presume to
be the same as the author of the work just named-bas
recently pub. The Theatre, its Pernicious Tendency, Glasg.,
1853, 12mo; and Notes on the Botany, Geology, and Mi-
neral Wells of Moffat, Edin., 1854, 12mo.
|
Keddington, or Kedington, R., D.D., d. 1760.
1. Serins., Lon., 1754, Svo; 2d ed., 1757, 8vo. 2. Disserts.
on the Iliad of Homer, 1760, Svo.
6.
• Trifling disquisitions on words and phrases."
3. Serm. on Gen. xlix. 21, 1758, 8vo.
(C
In this volume," says the enthusiastic reviewer, "old Herbert
would have recognised a kindred spirit, and Walton would have
gone on a pilgrimage to make acquaintance with the author.”—
Vol. xxxviii. 48, July, 1828.
The critic, however, does not fail to notice as a fault
that,
"While it pursues the spirit, it is, to our taste, too disdainful of
the forms, of poetry: it is contented to lead us through a successiou
of soft and agreeable images, obscurely, if at all, connected, while
we are sometimes at a loss for the general scope and object of the
poem."-Ibid., g. v.
See also a review of The Christian Year, Lyra Innocen-
tium, and the Psalter in English Verse, in the London
Quarterly Review for June, 1846; notices of the Christian
Year in Blackwood's Magazine, xxiv. 938, xxvii. 837; N.
York Method. Quar. Rev., ii. 458; Bost. Chris. Exam., xix.
162; and of Keble's Lectures on the Latin Poets, in Fraser's
Mag., xxx. 127. The first American edit, of The Christian
Year contains a Preface by the author's friend, Bishop
Doane, of New Jersey, and a number of sacred poems se-
lected by the bishop from the productions of the late Rev.
William Croswell, of Boston, Massachusetts. Of the many
enthusiastic eulogies which have been so freely lavished
upon The Christian Year, we doubt if there have been
any more gratifying to the author than the eloquent com-
mendation of Professor Wilson, from which we can give
only a brief extract:
"These and many other thoughts and feelings concerning the
'Vision and the Faculty divine,' when employed on divine subjects,
have arisen in our hearts, on reading-which we have often done |
with delight-The Christian Year, so full of Christian poetry of the
purest character. Mr. Keble is a poet whom Cowper himself would
have loved; for in him piety inspires genius, and fancy and feeling
are celestialized by religion. We peruse his book in a tone and
temper of spirit similar to that which is breathed on us by some
calm day in spring, when
Heaven and earth do make one imagery,'
and all that imagery is serene and still-cheerful in the main, yet
with a touch and tinge of melancholy which makes all the blended
bliss and beauty at once more endearing and profound. We should
no more think of criticizing such poetry than of criticizing the clear
blue skies, the soft green earth, the liquid lapse' of an unpolluted
stream, that
·
Doth make sweet music with the enamell'd stones,
Giving a gentle kiss to every flower
It overtaketh on its pilgrimage.'
"A reporter who seldom enlightens any thing."-CHIEF-JUSTICE
WILLES.
▸▸
A drowsy serjeant, known only for some bad Law Reports.".
LORD CAMPBELL.
* A bad reporter.”—LORD MANSFIELD.
"A tolerable historian of the law."-JUSTICE BURNET.
"Though very far from being accurate, a pretty good register.
HARDWICKE.
"Like most of the Cases in the same Reporter, it is scarcely pos
sible to comprehend it."-SIR E. SUGDEN: comment on Case of
Briers. v. Boulton.
In former times. Keble's Reports were forbidden to be quoted,
and it is to be regretted that any reference is ever made to them."
-Chance in Ponvers.
..
Keeble, John. Theory of Harmonics, 1784, 4to.
Keefe O', John. See O'KEEFE.
Keegan, William. Educational works, Lon., 1800-
11.
Keeling, Bartholomew. Serms. and theolog.
treatises, 1754-73.
Keeling, William, Fellow of St. John's Coll., Camb.
Liturgica Britannica; or, The Several Editions of the Book
of Common Prayer of the Ch. of Eng., from its Compila-
tion to its Last Revision, &c., Lon., 1842, 8vo; 2d ed., 1851,
Svo. A valuable work.
Keen, Benjamin. 1. Chancery Reports in Rolls'
Court, 6 W. IV. to 1 & 2 Vict., Lon., 1837-39, 2 vols.
Continued by Mr. Bearan: see BEAVAN, CHARLES.
2. With J. W. Mylne, Chancery Reports during the time
of Lord Brougham and Sir John Leach, 1831-35, 3 vols.
Svo.
Svo.
Keene, Carolina E. Poems, Lon., 1772, Svo.
Keene, Edmund, D.D., 1713-1781, a native of Lynn,
Norfolk, Master of Peter House, 1748; Bishop of Chester,
1752; trans. to Ely, 1770.
1752; trans. to Ely, 1770. Five Occasional Serms., pub.
1748, 53, '55, '57, '67. See Bentham's Ely; Nichols's Lit.
Anec.; Bishop Newton's Life.
Persian Fables, trans.
Keene, Rev. G. 1. Persian Stories, trans., Lon. 2.
"A very wise and attractive little volume."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
Keens, Michael. Con. to Trans. Hort. Soc., 1815,
'17.
Keepe, Henry. 1. Monumenta Westmonasteriensia,
Lon., 1682, 8vo. 2. Genealogies of George and Anue of
Denmark, 1684, 12mo.
Keepe, W. A. Incog.; a Farce, 1817.
John. Psalter in Metre, Lon., 4to.
Keeper, John.
Anon.
Medicine, Lon., 1806, Svo.
Keighly, Walker, M.D. New System of Family
Keightley, Thomas, a voluminous contributor to the
educational libraries of the day. 1. Outlines of History,
Lon., 1829, 12mo. 2. Hist. of England, Lon., 1839, 3 vols.
Svo; 1845-49, 2 vols. 12mo; Questions on do., 1846-49, 2
vols. 12mo; 4th ed. Hist. of Eng., vol. i., 1853, 12mo. S.
Elementary Hist. of England, 1849, 12mo; 1853, 12mo
1011
KEI
KEI
4. Hist. of Greece, 1835; 5th ed., 1845, 12mo: Questions
to do., 1846, 12mo. 5. Element. Hist. of Greece, 1841,
18mo. 6. Hist. of Rome, 1836, 12mo; 6th ed., 1848, 12mo:
Questions to do., 1846, 12mo. 7. Element. Hist. of Rome,
1841, 18mo. 8. Hist. of the Roman Empire, 1840, 12mo;
2d ed., 1845, 12mo. 9. Hist. of India, 1847, med. Svo.
10. Tales and Popular Fictions, 12mo. 11. War of In-
dependence in Greece, 1837, 2 vols. 18mo. 12. Scenes,
Events, &c. of the Times of the Crusaders; 4th ed., 1853,
12mo. 13. Notes on the Bucolics and Georgics of Virgil,
1846, p. Svo; 1848, p. Svo. 14. Epistles and Satires of
Horace, with Notes and Exercises, 1848, p. Svo. 15. My-
thology of Ancient Greece and Italy; 3d ed., 1854, Svo;
abridged, 5th ed., 1845, 18mo. 16. Fairy Mythology, P.
8vo; also in 2 vols. 12mo; new ed., 1851, 12mo. 17. Ac-
count of the Life, Writings, and Opinions of John Milton,
1855, 8vo. See N. Amer. Review for April, 1856; London
Athen., 1855, 999. Mr. Warren (see his Introduc. to Law
Studies, 2d ed., Lon., 1854, 151, 153, 154, 156, 157, 158,
242) highly commends Mr. Keightley's Outlines of His-
tory, and his Histories of England, Greece and Rome;
and the works of this author have been praised in other
quarters also, and by none with more earnestness than Mr.
Keightley himself, who of course best understands their
peculiar merits. The Preface to his Fairy Mythology, and
that to his Life of Milton, recently published, are certainly
among the most curious chapters of literary history with
which our researches have made us acquainted.
"The multiplied editions which have been required within a very
few years sufficiently attest the high estimation in which Mr. Keith's
work is deservedly held."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.; notice of 6th ed.
Keill, James, M.D., 1673-1719, a physician of the
Mathematical sect, a brother of John Keill, (post,) and a
native of Edinburgh. 1. Anatomy of the Human Body,
abridged, Lon., 1698, 12mo; 11th ed., 1742; several eds.
pub. at Edinburgh. 2. Animal Secretion, &c., Lon., 1708,
Svo. 3. Animal Economy, 1717, Svo; a 4th ed. was pub.
It is a reprint of No. 2, with an addit. essay. In Latin,
with the addition of Medicina Statica Britannica, 1718,
8vo; Leyden, 1741, 4to; Lucc., 1756, Svo. 4. Papers in
Phil. Trans., 1706, '19. See Biog. Brit.; Genl. Dict.;
Martin's Biog. Philos.; Reese's Cyc.
"A very useful work on the plan of Bp. Newton's Dissertations,
with farther proofs of the fulfilment of the Prophecies from modern
and even infidel travellers."-REV. EDWARD BICKERSTETH.
Few more satisfactory works in confirmation of the inspiration
of Scripture have appeared within our own time than that of Dr.
Keith."-REV. DR. SHUTTLEWORTH, Warden of New College, Orford.
A critique upon this work, (12th ed.,) charging the author
with plagiarism from Bishop Newton's Dissertations on
the Prophecies, appeared in the London Quar. Review, liii.
142-174. An answer, entitled A Letter to the Editor of the
Quarterly Review, in reply to two Reviews on the Evidence
of Prophecy, was pub. by the Rev. James Brewster. Dr.
Keith contributed a Preface to the Letter. In the opinion
of the Presbyterian Review it
"Most completely levels the whole file of accusations, and tho
roughly sifts out and exposes the artifices of the Quarterly critic."
3. The Signs of the Times, Edin., 1832, 12mo; 8th ed.,
Lon., 1847, 2 vols. p. Svo.
•
A valuable addition to former publications on the subject of
prophecy," but less to be trusted than the author's Evidence of the
Truth of the Christian Religion.”—REV. E. BICKERSTETH.
"In many parts of his work Dr. Keith has with great felicity
applied the history of the infidel Gibbon to the fulfilment of pro-
phecy."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
"He writes everywhere in the very best spirit, and, if he does
spect.-Elin. Chris. Instruc., Sept. 1832, 638.
not always command our convictions, he uniformly secures our re-
"One of the happiest specimens of the true mode of elucidating
prophecy."-Lon. Curis. Exam., Sept. 1832.
See also Lord's (N. York) Theolog. Jour., iii. 302.
4. The Land of Israel, 1844, p. Svo.
"While this essay may be considered as in part a sequel to the
Author's Treatise on the Evidence of Prophecy, it may also form
the introduction to other scriptural topics of momentous import tɔ
Gentiles as well as Jews."-Preface.
See Lon. Athen., 1844, 245.
5. Examination of Elliott's "First Six Seals," 1847, p.
Svo. 6. Demonstration of the Truth of Christianity; new
ed., 1848, 12mo. 7. The Harmony of Prophecy; or, Scrip-
tural Illustrations of the Apocalypse, 1851, p. Svo.
Keith, Rev. Alexander, Jr., of St. Cyrus. Isaiah
as it is; or, Judah and Jerusalem the subjects of Isaiah's
Prophesying; with a Pref. by the Rev. Dr. Keith, Lon.,
1850, p. 8vo.
|
Keill, John, M.D., 1671-1721, an eminent mathema-
tician and natural philosopher, a native of Edinburgh,
elected Savilian Professor of Astronomy at Oxford, in 1710,
brother to the preceding, pub. several works on astronomy,
cosmogony, mathematics, &c., of which the following are
the most valuable. 1. Introductio ad Veram Physicam,
Oxf., 1701, '02, '05, 8vo; Lon., 1715, 8vo; Camb., 1741,
8vo. In English, Lon., 1736, 8vo. 2. Introductio ad
Veram Physicam et Veram Astronomiam, Oxf., 1715, Svo;
Lugd. Bat., 1725, '39, 4to. 3. Introductio ad Veram As-
tronomiam, seu Lectiones Astronomicæ, 1718, 21, Svo.
In English, trans. by himself, and pub. under the title of
An Introduction to the True Astronomy, &c., 1712, '42,
8vo. An ed. in Latin of Keill's principal works was pub.
at Milan, in 1742, 4to. See Biog. Brit.; Genl. Diet.; |
Martin's Biog. Philos.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Keith, George, d. about 1715, a native of Aberdeen,
entered the Society of Friends, and defended their tenets
against Increase and Cotton Mather, but subsequently es-
tablished a sect of his own, styled Christian Quakers. Still
dissatisfied, he became an Episcopal missionary at New
York and Boston, and, returning to England in 1706, was
appointed Rector of Edmonton, Sussex, where he died.
Whilst at East Jersey, in 1682, he was made Surveyor-
General, but seven years later (in 1689) we find him acting
as a school-teacher in Philadelphia. He wrote a great
many theological tracts, principally directed against the
Quakers, (see Watt's Bibl. Brit. ;) a number of sermons;
An Account of his Travels to Bristol and other Places,
Lon., 1699, 4to; Journal of his Travels from New Hamp-
shire to Caratack, 1705, 4to; New Theory of the Longitude,
1709, 4to. See Sewel's Hist. of the Quakers; Proud's
Hist. of Penna.; Notes on the Provincial Lit. of Penna.,
by Thos. I. Wharton, Sept. 21, 1825, in Memoirs Hist. Soc.
of Penna., vol. i., 1826; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 1174.
Keilwey, Robert. Reports K. B., C. P., 12 Hen.
VIL-22 Hen. VIII., 1496-1531, Lon., 1602, fol.; 1633,
fol.; 3d ed., with new references, 1688, fol. These Reports
are in French. See Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 434; Wallace's
Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 84; and authorities cited in these
works.
Keith, Sir George Mouat, Bart. Voyage to
South America, &c., Lon., 1819, 4to.
Keith, George Skeene, D.D., Minister of Keith-
hall and Kinkell, pub. several separate serms., works on
Corn Laws, Gold and Silver, &c., a vol. of Serins. and
Discourses on Several Occasions, Lon., 1785, Svo, and
General View of the Agricult. of Aberdeenshire, 1811, Svo.
His serms. are commended by the Lon. Monthly Review,
and his View, &c. by Donaldson's Agricult. Biog. Dr. S.
edited Dr. George Campbell's Lects. on Ecclesiastical Hist.,
pub. with his life of the author in 1800, 2 vols. 8vo.
Keith, Isaac Stockton, D.D., 1755-1813, a minis-
ter at Charleston, S.C., 1788-1813, was a native of Bucks
county, Penna. Serms. and Addresses, with Life by Dr.
Flinn, 1816.
Keir, Archibald. Affairs of Bengal, 1772, 8vo.
Keir, James. Works on Chemistry, &c., 1771–91.
Keir, P., M.D. Bristol Medical Waters, 1739.
Keir, Peter. Steam Engine, &c.; Nic. Jour., 1801,
'02.
Keimer, Samuel, originally one of the French Pro-
phets, subsequently a printer at Philadelphia, and memo-
rable as the friend and employer of Benjamin Franklin.
A Brand plucked out of the Burning, exemplified in the
unparalleled case of Samuel Keimer, Lon., 1718, 12mo.
See Franklin's Autobiography; Weems's Life of Franklin;
Hazard's Register of Penna., Nov. 1828, 263; Duyckinck's
Cyc. of Amer. Lit.; Notes on the Provincial Lit. of Penna.,
by Thes. I. Wharton, Sept. 21, 1825, in Memoirs Hist. Soc. |
of Penna., vol. i., 1826.
Keimes, Lawrence. Second Voyage to Guiana,
Lon., 1596, 8vo.
•
Keith, Alexander. 1. A Mercurial Level; Trans.
Soc. Edin., 1790. 2. Thermometer; Ibid., 1796.
Keith, Alexander, D.D., Minister of St. Cyrus, Kin-
cardineshire. 1. Sketch of the Evidence from Prophecy,
Edin., 1823, 12mo. 2. Evidence of the Truth of the Chris-
tian Religion derived from the Literal Fulfilment of Pro-
phecy, &c.; 36th ed., Lon., 1847, 8vo; abridged, 1849, 18mo.
Illustrations, 1841, ob. fol. Parts of this work have been
pub. in tract form in English, French, and German.
Keith, James, d. 1719, aged 75, first minister of
Bridgewater, Mass., pub. a Case of Prayer on the esta-
blishment of a new society.
Keith, James. 1. The Soldier's Assistant, 1803, 8vo.
2. Volunteer's Guide, 1804, 8vo.
Keith, Rev. Patrick.
1. Physiological Botany,
Lon., 1816, 2 vols. 8vo.
Lon., 1816, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Seminal Gerin; Trans. Linn.
Soc., 1813. 3. Upright Growth of Vegetables Thom.
Ann. Philos., 1816.
Keith, Robert, 1681-1757, a native of Uras, Kinear-
¡ dineshire; Bishop of Caithness, Orkney, and the Islos,
1012
KEI
KEL
1727; Bishop of Fife, 1733. 1. Ilist. of the Affairs of
Church and State in Scotland, from the beginning of the
Reformation in the Reign of James V. to the Retreat of
Queen Mary, 1568, Edin., 1734, fol. A work of great
value. 2. Catalogue of Scottish Bishops to 1688, 4to, 1755.
Reviewed by Dr. Saml. Johnson, in the Literary Magazine.
New ed., corrected and continued to the Present Time, with
Life of the author, by Mr. Russell, 1824, 8vo. 3. Vindi-
cation of Mr. Robert Keith, &c. See Chambers and Thom-
son's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsinen, 1855, iii. 305.
Keith, Sir Robert Murray, K.B., Memoirs and
Correspondence of, edited by Mrs. Gillespie Smyth, Lon.,
1819, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 1852, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 1854, 2 vols. p.
8vo. These vols. should occupy a place in every historical
library. See N. Brit. Rev., xii. 91; Dubl. Univ. Mag., xii.
39; Court Journal; Britannia.
Keith, Reuel, D.D., d. 1842, aged 49, a clergyman
of the Protestant Episcopal Church, a native of Pittsford,
Vermont, was Prof. of Humanity and History in William
and Mary College, Virginia, and subsequently of Pulpit
Eloquence and Pastoral Duty in the Theological Seminary
of the Prot. Epis. Church in Virginia. Dr. Keith gained
great credit for his trans. from the German of Hengsten-
berg's Christiology of the Old Testament, and a Commen-
tary on the Predictions of the Messiah by the Prophets,
Alexandria, D.C., 1836, 3 vols. 8vo.
The trauslator has accomplished his work in a faithful and
scholarlike manner."-Andover Biblical Repository, Oct. 1836, 504;
notice of vol. i.
Abridged from Dr. Keith's trans. by Thos. Kerchever
Arnold, Lon., 1847, 8vo. The value of Hengstenberg's
work-pub. at Berlin, 1829-35, 3 vols. Svo-is well known
to the Biblical student.
6.
"A masterly performance."-PROF. MOSES STUART.
"Distinguished for ability, research, and piety."-PROF. CHAS.
HODGE.
"One of the most valuable exegetical productions of the present
age."-PROF. S. H. TURNER.
66
'In this work we have the pattern of an investigation founded
upon distinct principles of the most scrupulous, laborious, and mi-
nute examination of the very letter of the text, combined with an
honest endeavour to make the analogy of scripture an important
rule of interpretation.”—THOS. KERCHEVER ARNOLD.
"Professor Hengstenberg has long been known in Germany as
one of the ablest and most learned defenders of orthodox and pious
Christianity against the unhallowed and rash criticisms of the mo-
dern theologians of that country."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Keith, Thomas, 1759-1824, a native of Yorkshire,
pub. several valuable works on geography, geometry, tri-
gonometry, &c. Of these the best-known is the Treatise
on the Use of the Globes, of which several new eds. have
been pub. in London and America within the last few
years,―1843–56. A new ed. of The Elements of Geogra-
phy was pub., Lon., 1835, Svo; System of Geography,
new ed., 1847, 12mo; Trigonometry, 7th ed., 1839, Sro;
Key to the Complete Practical Arithmetician, new ed., 1850,
12mo. In Philadelphia, Guy on Astronomy, and Keith on
the Globes, have been pub. in one vol., (30th ed., 1856,
18mo,) and are highly commended by many school-teachers.
Keith, Thomas. Law of Awards, Lon., 1791, Svo.
Keith, William. Essay on the Education of a British
Nobleman, &c., Lon., 1731, Svo.
Keith, Sir William, d. 1749, aged S0, Governor of
Pennsylvania, 1717-26, was previously Surveyor-General
of the Customs in America. 1. The Hist. of the Brit.
Plantations in America, &c.: Pt. 1, list. of Virginia, Lon.,
1738, 4to, pp. 187; 2, Maps. This work, pub. at the ex-
pense of The Society for the Encouragement of Learning,
was the first of an intended series of Colonial Histories;
but no others were pub. 2. Public Spirit, 1749, 12mo. 3.
Collection of Papers and Tracts, 1749. 4. On the Subject
of Taxing the Colonies, 1767.
Kekewich, George. A Digested Index to the carlier
Chancery Reports, Lon., 1804, 8vo.
Kelham, Robert. 1. Britton; containing the An-
cient Pleas of the Crown, &c., Lon., 1760, Svo. See BRE-
TON, BECTON, or BRITTON, JOHN. 2. Dictionary of the
Norman or old French Language, 1779, Svo. 3. Trans.
of Selden's Dissert. annexed to Fleta, 1771, '81, Svo. 4.
Doomsday Tenants, &c., 178S, Svo.
Kelk, T. Divine Inspiration, 1809, Svo.
Kell, John. Index to the Modern Reporters rel. to
the Law occurring at Trials by Nisi Prius, from the Revo-
lution to the Present Time, Dubl., 1797, 2 vols. 8vo.
Kelland, Rev. Philip, Prof. of Mathematics, &c.
in the Univ. of Edinburgh. 1. Mathemat. Theory of
Heat, Lon., 1838, Svo. 2. Elements of Algebra, 1839, Svo.
3. Lects. on Mathematics, 1843, er. Svo. 4. New ed. of
Dr. Thomas Young's Lects. on Natural Philos. and the
Mechanical Arts, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo. It was quite time that
we had a new ed. of these Lectures, as the old one (1807
2 vols. 4to) formerly sold as high as five and even six gui-
neas. See YOUNG, THOMAS, M.D.
Kelle, John. His Confessioun, Edin., 1570, 16mo.
Keller, Ezra, D.D., 1812-1848, professor at Spring-
field, Ohio. An Address before the Theolog. Seminary,
Gettysburg, 1844.
Kellet, Alexander. Novels and Poems, 1778, '84.
Kellet, Edward, D.D. 1. Seri., Lon., 1628, 4to.
2. Miscellanies of Divinity, Camb., 1633, '35, fol. 3.
Threefold Supper of Christ.
Kelley, or Talbot, Edward, 1555-1595, a noted
alchemist or necromancer, the assistant of Dr. John Dec,
has been already referred to in our life of that eccentric
character; see also authorities there cited, and Weever's
Funeral Monuments. He was the author of A Poem of
Chemistry, and a Poem of the Philosopher's Stone, both
inserted in the Theatrum Chymicum Britannicum, 1652;
several discourses in A True and Faithful Relation of what
passed for many years between Dr. John Dee and some
Spirits, &c., 1659, fol.; and to him is attributed De Lapide
Philosophorum, Hamb., 1676, Svo.
Kellie, Alexander.
Con. to Med. Com., 1791.
Kellie, Alexander, Lieut. R.N. A Comparative
View; showing the Reserve of G. Britain, 1811.
Kellie, George. Con. to Med. Com., 1774.
Kellie, George, M.D. Med. treatises, 1797-1803.
Kellie, Sir Thomas. Pallas Armata; or, Military
Instructions. Edin.. 1627, 4to.
the Plague, Lon., 1593, 4to.
Kelling, or Kelwaye, Simon. Defensative against
Kellison, Matthew, 1560 ?-1641, a native of North-
amptonshire, President of the English R. Catholic College
at Douay, pub. A Survey of the New Religion, Douay,
1603, Svo, and other treatises in defence of the tenets of
his Church. His principal antagonists among the Protest-
ants were Sutcliffe and Montague. See Pits; Dodd's Ch.
Hist. Fuller's Worthies.
Kello, John. Serms., Lon., 1776-77.
Kellus, Samuel. Carmen Gratulatorium ad Jacobum
VI., R. Scotorum, &c., Edin., 1617, ito.
Kellwaye, Simon. See KELLING.
Kelly. French Idioms, Lon., 1736, Svo.
Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq.,
Kelly, Charles, M.D.
1767.
Kelly, Christopher. Geography, Lon.
Kelly, Christopher. Solomon's Temple Spiritual-
ized, Dubl., 1803, Svo; Phila., 1820, 12mo. Printed under
the patronage of the Grand Lodge of Ireland.
Kelly, D. Molly White, Lon., 1766, 4to.
Kelly, Denis, Perpetual Curate of Trinity Church,
St. Bride's, Fleet Street, London. 1. Practical Serms. ; 2d
ed., Lon., 1837, 2 vols. Svo. Praised by the Lon. Chris.
Remembrancer. 2. Sabbath Evening Readings, 1st Ser. ;
22d ed., 1845, fp. Svo.
22d ed., 1845, fp. Svo. The two series for the entire year,
complete in 1 vol., 1853, 12mo. Highly commended by the
Ch. of Eng. Mag. Eclec. Rev.; Churchman's Monthly
| Rev.; Dublin Statesman; Morning Herald; and by Mr.
Hugh White in his work on True Happiness. p. 269. 3.
Self-Inspection, 1845, fp. Svo. 4. Characters, 1846, fp. Svo.
|
Kelly, Edward M. Law and Prac. of S. Facias, &c.,
Dubl., 1841, 12mo; 2d ed., 1849, 12mo. An excellent work.
See 1 Leg. Rep., 311.
Kelly, Gul. Examen Philosophicum, Franc. et Lips.,
1702, 2 vols. 8vo.
Kelly, Hugh, 1739-1777, a native of the banks of
the Lake of Killarney, wrote Thespis, a Poem ; False
Delicacy, a Comedy, 1768, Svo; A Word to the Wise, a
Comedy, 1770, Svo, and other comedies; Clementina, a
Tragedy, 1771. Svo; and some other compositions. A col
lective ed. of his Works, with Life, was pub. Lon., 1778,
Svo. See Life as above; Biog. Dramat.
Kelly, Isabella. See HEDGELAND, MRS.
Kelly, James. 1. Scottish Proverbs, Lon., 1721,
12mo; 1818, 12mo.
"The genius, wit, and spirit of a nation are discovered by their
Proverbs."-LORD BACON.
2. Account of Strata; Phil. Trans., 1726.
Kelly, James, incumbent of Stillorgan, Dublin.
Fourth Series of Lects. on Prophecy, Lon., 1845, 12mo.
Other theolog. works.
Kelly, James B. 1. Law of Life Annuities, Lon.,
1835. Svo. 2. Hist. and Law of Usury, 1835, Svo. See
Pref. Blyd. Usu., 4; Leg. Exam. & L.C., 493.
Kelly, John, LL.D., 1750-1809, a native of Douglas,
Isle of Man. 1. Serm., Lon., 1795, 4to. 2. Grammar of
the Ancient Gaelic, Lon., 1805, 4to. 3. Life of John Dol-
1013
KEL
KEM
land, 1808, 4to. Dr. K. transcribed the books of the Old
Testament three times in the Manks language, 1772, and
had printed a portion of a Triglot Dictionary, which was
burnt at the printing-office in 1808. See Butler's Life of
Bp. Hildesley, 231, 636; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. lxxx.
Kelly, John, M.D. Med. Treatises, Dubl., 1816, Svo.
Kelly, Jonathan F., an American writer, better
known by his signatures of "Falconbridge," "Jack Hum-
phries," and "Stampede." The Memoirs of Falconbridge;
a Collection of Humorous and Every-Day Scenes, Phila.,
1856, 12mo.
Kelly, Michael, 1762–1826, a celebrated vocalist and
composer of music, was a native of Dublin. His Remi-
niscences, Lon., 1826, 2 vols. Svo. See HOOK, THEODORE,
No. 22; Lon. Month. Rev., cviii. 225; U. States Lit. Gaz.,
iv. 168.
Kelly, Patrick, LL.D., master of the Mercantile
School in Finsbury Square, London. 1. Spherics and
Nautical Astronomy, Lon., 1796, Svo; 1813, Svo. 2. Uni-
versal Cambist and Commercial Instructor, 1811, 2 vols.
4to; 2d ed., corrected to date, 1835, 2 vols. in 1, 4to.
Kem, Samuel. Serms., 1644, 47, both 4to.
|
Kemble, Rev. C. 1. Church Psalmody, Lon., 1841,
4to. 2. Venite Exultemus, Magnificat, &c., for Chanting,
1842, 18mo. 3. Manual for Communicants, 1848, 32mo.
4. Selection of Psalms and Hymns, 1854, 18mo.
Kemble, Charles, 1775-1854, youngest son of Rogor
Kemble, brother of John Philip Kemble, and father of Mrs.
Frances Anne Kemble, Adelaide Kemble, and John Mitchell
Kemble, was distinguished as an actor, admired as a gentle-
man and a scholar, and has some claims to the honours of
authorship. 1. The Point of Honour; a Play, Lon., 1800,
Svo. An adaptation of Mercier's Deserteur. 2. The Wan-
Lit.derer, or The Rights of Hospitality; an Historical Drama,
1808, Svo. An adaptation of Kotzebue's Edouard in Schott-
land. 3. Plot and Counterplot: a Farce, 1808, Svo. An
adaptation of Dieulafoy's Le Portrait de Michel Cervantes.
These three pieces were successful. 4. Kamsebatka, or
The Slave's Tribute; a Drama, 1811.
Drama, 1811. From the German
of Kotzebue. Not successful. 5. The Child of Chance;
a Farce, 1812. Original. Not successful. 6. The Brazen
Bust; a Melo-Drama, 1813. From the French. Not suc-
cessful. An interesting biographical notice of Mr. Kemble
will be found in the Lon. Gent. Mag., Jan. 1855. See also
Biog. Dramat. and the following articles.
The most complete work of its class in the English language.
It should now, however, be thoroughly revised.”—McCulloch's
of Polit. Econ., 1845, 179.
3. Astronomical Computations, 1812, Svo. 4. Elements
of Book-Keeping, 1801, '13, Svo; 12th ed., 1847, Svo. 5.
Meteorology, 1816.
Kelly, Sophia, daughter of Mrs. Sherwood. The
Life of Mrs. Sherwood, edited by S. K., Lon., 1854, Svo.
Reviewed in the Lon. Chris. Rememb. ; same art. in Bost.
Living Age, xliii. 339-362.
Kelly, Thomas. Marriages of the Poor, 1807, 12mo.
Kelly, W. Excursion to California, Lon., 1841, 2 vols.
p. 8vo.
Kelly, Walter Keating. 1. Syria and the Holy
Land, Lon., 1844, Svo. 2. French Revolution of 1848,
1848, 8vo; 1851, 12mo. 3. Hist. of the Year 1848, 12mo,
1849. To Mr. K. we are also indebted for translations of
Ranke's Turkish and Spanish Empires, 1843, r. Svo; Louis
Blanc's Hist. of Ten Years, 1830-40, 2 vols. 8vo, 1844-45;
Michelet's Hist. of France, 1845-46, 2 vols. Svo; Ranke's
Hist. of the Popes, 1852, 2 vols. 8vo.
"This translation of Ranke we consider to be very much superior
to any other in the English language.”—Dublin Review.
Kelsal, Edward. Serms., 1710, '12.
Kelsall, Charles. 1. Letter from Athens, 1813, 4to.
2. The Two Last Pleadings of Cicero against Verres, trans.,
with Notes, 1813, 8vo. Criticized with great severity by
Lord Brougham in Edin. Rev., Oct. 1813. repub. in his
Contrib. to Edin. Rev., 1856, i. 3–24. 3. Phantasm of an
University, 1813, fol. 4. Idea of a Constitution for Italy,
4. Idea of a Constitution for Italy,
1814. 5. Constantine and Eugene, &c.; a Political Dia
logue, by Junius Secundus, Bruss., 1818, 8vo. 6. Classical
Excursion from Rome to Arpino, Geneva, 1820, Svo.
Kelynge, William. Reports in Chan. and K. B. 4
Geo. II.-9 Geo. II., 1731-36, Lon., 1740. Anon. 1764,
fol., with 70 addit. cases.
|
This vol. is cited as Second or
W. Kelynge. See Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 267,
316.
Kelsey, Joseph. 1. Serms., Lon., 1674, 4to. 2.
Serm., 1691, 4to. 3. Concio, &c., 1691, fol. 4. Serms.;
2d ed., 1721, Svo.
Kelso, Hamilton, M.D. On Air, Lon., 1787, Svo.
Kelson, T. M. Nature, &c. of Colds, Lon., 1797, Svo.
"The leading idea of this tract is that a cold is a disease, sui
generis.”—Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Car. II.-22 Car. II., 1662-69, Lon., li08, fol.; 1739, fol.;
Dubl., 1789, 8vo; with Notes and References by G. J.
Brown. This vol. is cited as First or J. Kelyng. See
Marvin's Leg. Bibl., and authorities there cited. See next
article.
Kelt, Thomas. 1. Mechanic's Text-Book, Bost.,
12mo. 2. Engineer's Pocket Guide, 1847, 12mo.
Kelton, Arthur, a native of Shropshire. A Chro-
nycle, with a Genealogie declarying that the Britons and
Welshemen are lineally descended from Brute, Lon., 1547,
16mo. In seven-lined stanzas.
"A whimsical and imperfect piece."-Bp. Nicolson's Eng. Hist.
Lib., ed. 1776, 31.
Commencing then with this "great actor," we have—1.
Fanny Kemble's great-grandfather. 2. Her grandfather,
Roger Kemble, 1721-1802. 3. Her grandmother, Sarah
Roger Kemble, 1721-1802.
Kemble, 1735-1806. 4. Her father, Charles Kemble, 1775-
1854. 5. Her mother, Marie Therese Kemble, 1774–1838.
6. Her uncle, John Philip Kemble, 1757-1823. 7. Her
wife, Mrs. George Stephen Kemble.
uncle, George Stephen Kemble, 1758-1822. S. Her uncle's
9. Her aunt, Sarah
Kemble, afterwards Mrs. Siddons, 1755-1831. 10. Her
aunt, Frances Kemble, afterwards Mrs. Twiss, 1759-1812.
11. Her aunt, Elizabeth Kemble, afterwards Mrs. Whitlock,
1761-1836. 12. Her cousin, Henry Siddons, a son of Mrs.
Sarah Siddons. 13. Her cousin's wife, Mrs. Henry Sid-
dons. Nor is it in the dramatic art alone that the family
have acquired eminence. Fanny Kemble's youngest sister,
Miss Adelaide Kemble, now Mrs. Sartoris, in early life.
gained great celebrity as an operatic singer; and the only
brother of these ladies, John Mitchell Kemble, late of
Trinity College, Cambridge, stands in the front rank of
the learned men who have called the attention of the world
the treasures of Anglo-Saxon literature.
Fanny Kemble made her first appearance on the stage,
in the character of Juliet, on the 5th of October, 1829.
In 1834, during a visit to America, she was married to Mr.
Pierce Butler, of Philadelphia, from whom she was di-
vorced in 1849. For a number of years past, she has from
time to time delighted large audiences in England and
America by her Shakspeare Readings, by which means
the most striking beauties of the immortal bard have been
familiarized to the public mind,—thus happily instructed
without that liability to injurious influences which seems
inseparable from the actual drama of the present day. It
does not, of course, enter within the scope of our work to
consider this lady in that artistic capacity which first con-
ferred upon her name a dramatic celebrity unequalled since
the palmy days of her aunt, Mrs. Sarah Siddons,-the de-
light of the two preceding generations of wits and states-
men, whom the gruff Johnson complimented in her
youth, and the courtly author of Waverley toasted in he
|
Kelty, Mary Anne, has pub. a number of religious
works, Lon., 1837-44, of which the two following are per-
haps the best known. 1. Early Days in the Society of
Friends; or, Memoirs of the Lives and Persecutions of
the Primitive Quakers, 1840, 12mo; 2d ed., 1844, 12mo.
2. Religion of the Heart, exemplified in Memoirs of Spi-
ritual Persons, 1844, Svo.
'
Kelway, Thomas. Oyer Ferrier, his Astronomical
Discourse of the Judgement of Nativities, trans., &c., Lon.,
1593, 8vo; 1642, 4to.
Kelyng, Sir John. Reports K.B. (Plac. Cor.) 14
Kemble, Frances Anne, celebrated both as au
actress and as a poetess, is the eldest of the two daughters
of the preceding, and was born in London, about 1811. In
a preceding article (GREGORY, DAVID, p. 736) we have de-
signated the family of Gregory as the most illustrious in
the annals of British science: the Kembles may claim the
same pre-eminence in the history of dramatic art, as the
following list of members of the family who have trod the
boards in the walk of Tragedy or Comedy, or both, amply
testifies.
"Sir," said Charles Macklin, when nearly one hundred years old,
addressing John Philip Kemble, "I have known your family from
generation to generation. I have seen you act, young man; and I
have seen your father, sir; and I have seen your grandfather, sir.
Sir, he was a great actor."
And see p. 19 (Eng. Hist. Lib.) for a notice of other histo-to
rical compositions in verse and prose (about 1548) of this
author. See also Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., i. 166; War-
ton's Hist. of Eng. Poet., ed. 1840, iii. 178-179; Dibdin's
Typ. Antiq. of G. Brit., iii. 455; and his Lib. Comp., 190.
Keltridge, John. 1. Expos. on the XI. of Luke,
and a Serm., Lon., 1578, 4to. 2. Two Godlie and Learned
Serms., 1581, 4to.
-
—
1014
KEM
KEM
old age.
We pass on, then, as becomes our vocation, to
the contemplation of Fanny Kemble the author, whilst
those who desire to first learn the opinion of critics respect-
ing Fanny Kemble the actress can refer to Mrs. Jame-
son's Female Characters of Shakspeare's Plays, in her
Characteristics of Women; Sir Walter Scott's Diary, June
17, 1830, in Lockhart's Life of Scott; Sir T. Noon Tal-
fourd's Miscellaneous Writings, (originally pub. in the
New Monthly Magazine;) Sir Archibald Alison's Essays,
Polit., Histor. and Miscell., Edin. and Lon., 1850, iii. 576-
579, (originally pub. in the Dublin Univ. Mag., Dec. 1846;)
Noctes Ambrosianæ,-Christopher North and others,
Aug. 1830 and Nov. 1832, in Blackwood's Mag., xxviii.
401, xxxii. 860. See also Blackwood's Mag., xxvii. 47,
112, xxxi. 677; Judge Story's Life and Letters, Bost., 1851,
ii. 114, 117; the Court Journal, and other periodicals, for
1829, &c. We proceed to notice briefly Mrs. Kemble's
publications.
1. FRANCIS THE FIRST; an HISTORICAL DRAMA, Lon.,
1822, 8vo. This was written when the authoress was not
more than seventeen.
"The most extraordinary work which has ever been produced by
a female at her age. . . . It is unquestionably a remarkable phe-
nomenon that a youthful poetess, however nurtured in Shakspeare,
should begin her dramatic career in placing her main strength in
the vigorous delineation of historic character. In this respect. there
is certainly no dramatic author of the present day who might not
be proud to own the Francis the First of Miss Kemble."-Lon.
Quar. Rev., March, 1832, xlvii. 245-246, 261, q. v.
"It will be allowed by all that there is great grasp of intellect-
extraordinary, indeed, in so young a person-shewn in the handling
of a historical subject of such magnitude and variety, and in mould-
ing somewhat complicated materials, necessarily of a difficult ma-
nagement, into cohesive and consistent form."-Blackwood's Mag.,
April, 1832, xxxi. 691.
Read this sprightly article, (though written by an old
man,) which contains some interesting reminiscences of
the Kemble family.
66
That it will be successful-permanently successful-is impos-
sible: it wants concentration; there are effective situations and
clever scenes, but they have no connecting interest.”—Lon. Athe-
næum, 1832, 170.
See also Lon. Month. Rev., cxxvii. 524; Amer. Month.
Rev., iii. 473.
Francis the First met with great favour from the read-
ing public, and at least ten edits. have been issued.
2. JOURNAL OF FRANCES ANNE BUTLER, Phila., 1835,
2 vols. 12mo; Lon., 1835, 2 vols. p. Svo. In this Journal
we have an account of Miss Kemble's travels in the United
States. It was reviewed with great severity both at home
and abroad. The London Quarterly Review commences
its critique by remarking,
"This is a work of very considerable talent, but, both in its con-
ception and execution, of exceeding bad taste."-Vol. liv. 39.
And the Athenæum says that
"The authoress of this lamentable Journal possessed a name
which she had no right to abuse. We question whether the triple-
headed Chancellor would not have granted an injunction to restrain
the utterance of such a work as the present by a Kemble."-1832,
404.
In America the Journal was reviewed by Alexander
H. Everett, in the North American Review, July, 1835,
vol. xli. 109-144, with more indulgence than it received
at home. Another review appeared in the Southern Lite-
rary Messenger, vol. i. 524. As we have quoted some ad-
verse opinions on the Journal, it is only proper to give a
line or two on the other side:
"Read Mrs. Butler's (Fanny Kemble's) Diary: it is much better
than the reviews and papers will allow it to be: what is called vul-
garity is useful and natural contempt for the exclusive and super-
fine."-Ree. Sydney Smith to Sir Wilmot Horton, Burt., 1835: Me-
moir of the Rev. Sydney Smith.
In her last volume-A Year of Consolation-Mrs. Kem-
ble as seen fit to criticize some portions of her Journal,
and to these apologetic comments we must refer the reader.
3. THE STAR OF SEVILLE; a DRAMA, 1837, 8vo.
"The Star of Seville is a dramatic poem, full of poetical beauties,
strongly marked with originality, not of character, but of thought,
tinted with imitations of the style of the old writers.-yet, on the
whole. distinguishing the writer as one capable of accomplishing a
dramatic work not unworthy the regard of those who know the
value of Massinger and Ford."-Lon. Athen.. 1837, 258.
"Though Francis the First is better adapted to the stage, it is
not stamped with the same originality, nor does it contain so many
striking passages, as The Star of Seville."-Bethune's British Female
Poets, Phila.
See also Fraser's Mag., xvi. 186.
4. POEMS, Phila., 1844, 12mo; Lon., 1844, 12mo; 1844,
r. 18mo; 1844, 24mo; 1849, 24mo.
"More than once we have had occasion to express admiration of
Mrs. Butler's various and vigorous ability; but we own that the
present volume, though including no piece of considerable length
or in any ambitious form, has raised our estimate of her as a poetess.
She has never writter. so simply or so strongly. Never before has
she dealt so holdly with the realities of life, and yet never before,
in our judgment, did se display an equal richness of imaginative
power."-J. G. LOCKHART: Lim. Quar. Rec., March, 1845, lxxv. 5.
Read the whole of this enthusiastic eulogy, which is
not chilled by a word of censure or even qualification.
But the eminent critic next to be quoted is, if possible,
more ardent in his admiration of Mrs. Kemble's poetry:
sions,-if we would see what she was from the hands of Nature, and
"If we would appreciate Mrs. Kemble's genius in its full dimen-
conceive what she might have become in her profession by the aid
of steady effort and persevering energy, we must study her lyric
poetry. In that department there is some room for unqualified
finest lyrical poetry in the English language.—with Moore's Irish
admiration. Some of her sonnets will bear a comparison with the
Melodies, Gray's Ode to Spring, or Hemans's Graves of a Household.
... It is in painting the human heart-in unfolding by a word or
an epithet its inmost feelings, most secret thoughts-that the great.
est powers of poetry are shown. Miss Kemble may justly claim a
very high place in this elevated style: the intensity of her thoughts,
the vehemence of her affections. could find vent only in
"Thoughts that breathe and words that burn.'
"After these extracts, it need not be said that Miss Kemble's
poetical genius is of the very highest class, and that if she perse-
vere in that brilliant career, and superadds learning and contem-
plation to her creative and imaginative powers, she will become one
Essays, Lon, and Glag., 1850, iii. 579, 581, 582.
of the greatest lyric poets of England."-SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON:
Mr. Rowton expresses the same opinion:
"I believe that in the course of a few years, when time shall have
sobered down the perhaps too-vividly painted lines of her mental
character and shall have corrected her hasty estimates of the
world and of humanity, Mrs. Butler will rank with the foremost
poets of our land."-The Female Poets of Great Britain, Lon., 1848,
477-478.
often melodious beyond any other writer of equal strength. Her
"Her versification is very bold and vigorous, and her rhythm is
sonnets, especially when she forgets herself. are among the finest
in our language: and it is easy to see that, if a more apprehensive
future uplifted her thoughts. those of a personal character would
be closely allied to some of Milton's. As it is, she is nobly disdain-
ful of all mawkishness or artificial conceit. She dashes at her main
idea with an honest earnestness which 'one can scarcely help be
lieving is a principal trait of her character.”—Bethune's British
Female Poets.
"It is evident to us that Mrs. Butler is indebted to Dante, as well
as to Shakspeare and Milton, for the tone and temper of her poetic
development. The volume before us strangely and strongly re-
minds us of the stern, severe, and complete style which marks the
lyrical and occasional verse of the great Italian bard. . . . There
is a masculine strength and vigour in her verses, not a little re-
markable when men are proud to write effeminately, sc delicately
do they go, so softly do they tread, like the Hebrew ladies of old,
when they affect the poetic character. . . . The poems before us
are lyrical, descriptive, and didactic, with some few sonnets, but
are all alike distinguished by an earnestness of purpose and energy
of style."-Lom. Athen. 1844, 687, 712.
See also N. York Ecice. Mag., v. 104; Democrat. Rev.,
xv. 507.
Mr. Alexander H. Everett, one of the most ac-
complished critics of his age, evidently accepted the beau-
tiful poem entitled Autumn, which first appeared in Mrs.
Butler's Journal, as a pledge of future poetical excellence
of no ordinary rank, (see North American Review, July,
1835,) nine years before the appearance of the volume
to which the preceding extracts refer. Some comments
upon her poetry will be found in the London Quarterly
Review, September, 1847, in a review of
5. A YEAR OF CONSOLATION, 1847, 2 vols. p. Svo. This
work is descriptive of Mrs. Kemble's tour through France
to Rome, and of a residence in the latter city whilst on a
visit to her sister, Mrs. Adelaide Sartoris.
"We know no other tourist who has so lovingly and picturesquely
done justice to the natural beauty round about Rome; and there-
fore have expatiated perhaps disproportionately on what may be
called the peculiar and principal grace and beauty of the book."-
Lon. Athen.. 1847, 493: see also p. 460.
"Her eye, schooled in scenic and dramatic effect, seizes differences
at once, whether in creed or character, colour or costume. Fresh
from the model republic, she has little reserve, and less respect for
settled facts, forms, and persons: to her all the world's a stage, and
the Pope himself first fiddler."-Lon. Quar. Rev., Sept. 1847, lxxxi
she speaks out plainly, be the gallantee-show in St. Peters and
449.
This article-the most elaborate review of The Year of
Consolation which has appeared, and which includes also
a notice of Edmund Lear's Illustrated Excursions in Italy,
1847, 2 vols. fol.-should be read by all who have entered,
and by all who expect to enter, the gates of the Eternal
descriptive powers:-
City. All of the critics unite in applauding Mrs. Kemble's
is animated and effective. The descriptions of external nature are
"A Year of Consolation, though rather forced, and very scenic,
often pictures of a very striking kind, bringing the characteristics
of the things visibly before the reader.”—Lon. Spectator.
To the same effect speaks one of the last travellers to
Rome, who has favoured the world with the results of his
observations:
"The great merit of the work consists in the admirable descrip-
--of the beauty of color especially—is very keen; and in conveying
tions of scenery and nature which it contains. Her sense of beauty
impressions to her reader she uses language with uncommon skill.
A single expression, or even word, dashed with an apparently care
1015
KEM
KEM
tess hand upon the canvas, produces a fine effect. Sho speaks of 'a
sulky-looking mountain,' of the unhesitating white' of Italian
daisies; and, again, of wide-eyed daisies,' of a rusty donkey,'—a
very happy though very obvious epithet,-and of snow-white
drifts of hawthorn.' Her illustrations have sometimes the quaint-
ness of Cowley; as when she compares the arches of an aqueduct
to the vertebræ of some great serpent, whose marrow was the living
water of which Rome drank for centuries; or the sky, seen through
a window of the ruined Villa Mondragone, to a sparkling blue eye
through the sockets of a skeleton.”—Six Months in Italy, by George
Stillman Hillard, 1st ed., 1853, Bost., 2 vols. 12mo.
Another notice of A Year of Consolation will be found
in the Westminster Review, xlvii. 399. Other notices re-
specting Mrs. Kemble, whose genius, exemplary character,
and various accomplishments have gained her "troops of
friends" on both sides of the Atlantic, will be found in
Fraser's Mag., xii. 327; Bost. Living Age, xx. 350.
As
Those of our readers who shall profit by the advice we
have given them, and refer to some of the many notices
of Mrs. Kemble's works indicated in the course of this
article, will occasionally find statements and speculations
relative to this accomplished lady's personal history for
personal history for
the last twenty years, and may consider the absence of
all such allusions here an omission which requires some
explanation. We must confess that we are not careful to
answer in this matter. When we determined to treat of
the works of the living in the present volume, we resolved
at the same time to know them only as authors,-not as
husbands and wives, not as members of society, not even
as men and women: we recognise our dramatis personæ
as intellectual abstractions only, and allow them the same
liberty of classification in other relations as Hamlet, whilst
yet in awe-struck ignorance, accorded to the spectral re-
presentative of the "majesty of buried Denmark."
we can hardly expect that each debatable question con-
nected with religion, politics or literature, public policy
or domestic grievance, will have a separate Biographical
Dictionary to espouse its cause, we have felt it a duty to
fairly represent all, and to be neither the champion nor
the detractor of any. Permitted temporarily to occupy a
position in the great Court of Literary Jurisprudence, we
strive continually to bear in mind that that position is
neither the office of the advocate who pleads, the judge
who determines, nor the jury who decides, but rather that
of the reporter who records the law or the clerk who re-
gisters the verdict. To express acquiescence, however, in
that which is quoted on the authority of others, especially
where no vexed points of controversy are involved, may
be permitted to the humblest annotator; and, to return to
our subject after rather prolix digression, we have much
pleasure in expressing our hearty concurrenco in the fol-
lowing eloquent eulogium of Mrs. Kemble by one of the
most eminent critics of the age. Referring to that tone
of sadness so observable in much of her poetry, Sir Archi-
bald Alison remarks,
"Let her not rest in the mournful belief that she is alone in the
world.—that no one sympathizes with, no one reveres her. It is
often the melancholy fate of genius to be solitary so far as com-
panionship goes. The highest mountains stand alone in their vast-
ness. But she can never be alone, if the sympathy of minds is con-
sidered. She has struck a chord which will forever vibrate in the
human heart: she will be united in thought, in every age, with the
generous, the brave, the high-minded; and thousands who, like the
author, know her only by the exquisite conceptions she has given
to the world, will ever feel towards her the admiration of genius
and almost the affection of friendship."-Essays, 1850, iii. 582.
"SONNET,
"ON MRS. KEMBLE'S READINGS FROM SHAKSPEARE.
"O precious evenings! all too swiftly sped!
Leaving us heirs to amplest heritages
Of all the best thoughts of the greatest sages,
And giving tongues unto the silent dead!
How our thoughts glow'd and trembled as she read,
Interpreting by tones the wondrous pages
Of the great poet who foreruns the ages,
Anticipating all that shall be said!
O happy Reader! having for thy text
The magic book whose Sibylline leaves have caught
The rarest essence of all human thought!
O happy Poet! by no critic vext!
How must thy listening spirit now rejoice
To be interpreted by such a voice!"
H. W. LONGFELLOW: Poems, Bost., 1857, vol. i. 339.
Kemble, George Stephen, 1758-1822, uncle of the
preceding, and an actor of some repute, produced a dra-
matic piece (an alteration from a play of Heywood's) en-
titled The Northern Inn, a Farce, 1791. Not printed. See
Biog. Dramat. In 1783, Mr. Kemble married the cele-
brated actress, Miss Satchell, afterwards generally known
by the title of Mrs. Stephen Kemble.
Kemble, John Mitchell, b. 1807, only brother of
Frances Anne Kemble, and one of the most eminent of
Anglo-Saxon scholars, was educated at Trinity College,
Cambridge. For his devotion to Anglo-Saxon literature.
1016
he was greatly indebted to the master under whom he pur-
sued his studies in Germany, the celebrated Professor Jacob
Grimm. As an author, he is best known to the world by
his excellent work entitled The Saxons in England: Å
History of the English Commonwealth until the Period of
the Norman Conquest, Lon., 1848, 2 vols. 8vo; but anti-
quaries are not unacquainted with his learned publications
of a more recondite character, the most important of which
are editions of the Anglo-Saxon Poems of Beowulf, &c.,
1833–37, 2 vols. ; Codex Diplomaticus Ævi Saxonici, 1839–
48, 6 vols. 8vo; The Anglo-Saxon Charters; The Vercelli
Codex: Poetry of the Codex Vercellensis, Anglo-Saxon
and Latin, with an English Trans., 1843; Dialogue of
Salomon and Saturnius, with an English Trans., 1848;
Twysden's Considerations upon the Government of Eng-
land, 1849. For a number of years Mr. Kemble acted in
the capacity of editor to the British and Foreign Quarterly
Review: he now holds the office of Examiner of Plays
under the Lord-Chancellor. A new work of his has ap-
peared within the last few days, the title of which promises
a rich repast to our historical "Oldbucks :"-State Papers
and Correspondence, illustrative of the Political and Social
State of Europe from the Revolution to the Accession of
the House of Hanover. Edited, with Historical Introduc-
tion, Memoirs, and Notes, from originals hitherto un-
published, 1857, Svo. See Lon. Gent. Mag., April. 1857,
439; London Athenæum, March 7, 1857. We have before
us warm commendations of The Saxons in England, by the
Westminster Review, Spectator, Inquirer, Critic, John
Bull, Morning Chronicle, and Jerrold's News. From these
we must content ourselves with one extract:
"In these volumes Mr. Kemble has given an admirable series of
Essays illustrative of a most important period of our history.
The work will be found a comprehensive repertory of valuable in-
formation relating to the Saxons and the period during which they
were possessors of the English soil; and what will be found to add
to its value is the circumstance of the author having made himself
especially familiar with Anglo-Saxon charters, and other documents
of recent discovery throwing light upon that portion of English
history, to which few previous writers appear to have had access."
-Westminster Review.
Mr. De Vericour styles The Saxons in England
"The best work, we believe, on the Anglo-Saxon period."-His-
torical Analysis of Christian Civilization, Lon., 1850, 490.
When are we to be favoured with the continuation of
this work which Mr. Kemble promises? The judicial pro-
ceedings, social condition, the arts, literature, and science,
of these early days, will form a most valuable chapter of
English history.
Since the above was written, this eminent scholar has
ceased from his labours: he died March 26, 1857, of inflam-
mation of the chest. He left unfinished the continuation
of his Saxons in England, and a work on the Archæology
of the Northern Nations, under the title of Hora Ferales,
which was to have been illustrated by numerous drawings
from sketches by the author. Shortly before his death, he
was commissioned by the Manchester Committee to form
a Collection of Celtic and Anglo-Saxon Antiquities, as
part of their forthcoming Exhibition of Art. Among his
other unfinished projects was a new edition of the Anglo-
Saxon Charters, which we hope will be undertaken by
some competent scholar. See Lon. Gent. Mag., May, 1857;
Lon. Athenæum, March 28, 1857.
Kemble, John Philip, 1757-1823, uncle of Frances
Anne, Adelaide, and John Mitchell Kemble, and the most
celebrated actor of his time, wrote Belisarius, a Tragedy,
1778, not printed; The Female Officer, a Farce, 1779, not
printed; Lodoiska, an Opera, 1794, Svo; altered 31 plays
(principally Shakspeare's) for the stage; pub. an Essay
on Macbeth and Richard III., 2d ed., 1817, 8vo; and a
vol. of Fugitive Pieces, (Poems,) 1780, Svo. The last vol.
he endeavoured to suppress on the next day after publica-
tion. It has therefore become very rare, and copies have
sold for £2 118. and £3 58. For further particulars respect-
ing Mr. Kemble we must refer to a vol. already, noticed
by us, his Life by James Boaden: see p. 211 of this Die-
tionary. See also Biog. Dramat.; Verses on Various Oc-
casions, by John Taylor, 1795, Svo; Boswell's Life of
Johnson, and other biographies of the period; review of
Rev., xxxiv. 197; Sir Archibald Alison's Essays, Edin. and
Boaden's Life of Kemble, by Sir Walter Scott, Lon. Quar.
Lon., 1850, iii. 565-567; and his History of Europe, 1815-
52, chap. v.; Westminster Review, iii. 487.
"He was learned, a great antiquarian, and studied the dress, ar-
mour, and costume of the olden time with the most assiduous care.”
-SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON: Hist. of Europe, 1815-52, chap. v.
"We must cut short our history of Kemble as an actor, by brief
mention of those Roman characters-Cato, Brutus, and Coriolanus-
had he made the habits, manners, and mode of thinking of the
by means of which he transported us to the Capitol, so completely
ancients identically his own. They were, indeed, peculiarly suited
KEM
KEN
to his noble and classical form, his dignified and stately gesture,
his regulated yet commanding eloquence.
"Pride in each port, defiance in each eye,
You saw the lords of human kind pass by.""
SIR WALTER SCOTT: Lơn. Quar. Rev., xxxiv. 222.
Kemble, Mrs. Marie Therese, 1774-1838, the wife
of Charles Kemble, and mother of Frances Anne, Adelaide,
and John Mitchell Kemble, was a native of Vienna, and
a daughter of George Louis De Camp, or, properly, De
Fleury, a descendant of the ancient French house of that
name. In 1806, this favourite actress became the wife of
Charles Kemble. Mrs. Kemble was the author of First
Faults, a Comedy, 1799, not printed; The Day after the
Wedding, an Interlude, 1808, 8vo. There are also ascribed
to her Match-Making, a Comedy, 1808, not printed; Smiles
and Tears, or The Widow's Stratagem, a Comedy, 1816.
See Biog. Dramat.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Blackwood's Mag.,
xxxi. 677. It will be noticed that six of the Kemble fa-
mily have been recorded in this volume as authors,-viz. :
1. Charles Kemble. 2. His daughter, Frances Anne Kem-
ble. 3. His uncle, George Stephen Kemble. 4. His son,
John Mitchell Kemble. 5. His uncle, John Philip Kem-
ble. 6. His wife, Marie Thérèse Kemble.
Kemeys, John G.
John G. Duties on Sugars, &c., 1783, 8vo.
Kemnitius, Mart. Exam. of the Councell of Trent,
touching Traditions, Lon., 1582, 4to.
Kemp, E. C., Rector of Whissonsett. 1. Christian
Obedience, Lon., 8vo. 2. Refutation of Non-conformity,
2. Refutation of Non-conformity,
1838, 18mo. 3. Differences between Scripture and Cal-
vinism, 1842, 8vo. 4. Lects. on Transubstantiation, 1844,
8vo. 5. Baptismal Regeneration, 1850, 12mo.
Kemp, Edward. Reasons for the Sole Use of the
Reasons for the Sole Use of the
Church's Prayers in Publick, Camb., 1668, 4to.
Kemp, Edward. 1. Hand-Book of Gardening; 11th
ed., Lon., 1855, 18mo. 2. How to Lay out a Small Gar-
den, 1850, 18mo. 3. Parks, Gardens, &c. of London and
its Vicinity, 1851, 12mo.
―
Kemp, George Baring. The Science of Trade
applied to Legislation, Lon., 1844, 12mo. Commended.
Kemp, James. Narthenhay; a Poem; 2d ed., 1808.
Kemp, John. Serm., Edin., 17SS, Svo.
Kemp, John, d. 1717, aged about 52, an antiquary.
Monumenta Vetustatis Kempiana, &c., Lon., 1720, Sro.
This vol., which gives an account of Kemp's collection of
antiquities, was edited by the celebrated Robert Ainsworth
(see p. 42 of this Dictionary) and J. Ward. See Beloe's
Anecdotes, i. 41-44.
Kemp, Joseph, 1778-1824, a musical composer, pub.
The Jubilee, Lon., 1809, Svo; The Siege of Isca, a Melo-
Drama, 1810, Svo; Musical Illustrations of the Lady of
the Lake, 1810, Svo; and a number of other pieces, songs,
glees, &c.
Kemp, T. Lindley, M.D. 1. Agricultural Physio-
logy, Animal and Vegetable, Lon., 1850, 12mo.
·
This is an excellent matter, clearly arranged, and very syste-
matically detailed. It is the ablest thing of the kind, though the
use of its practice may be distant."-Donaldson's Agricult. Bing.
2. Natural Hist. of Creation, 1852, 16mo. 3. Indica-
tions of Instinct, 1854, p. Svo. 4. The Medical Guide,
5. The Phasis of Matter: Being an Outline
of the Discoveries and Applications of Modern Chemistry,
1854, Svo.
1855, 2 vols. cr. Svo.
"On the whole, Dr. Kemp may be said to have succeeded fairly
In his object. His book is a respectable performance, free from any
glaring defects; but we cannot point to any feature of high excel-
lence."- Westminster Review, Jan. 1856.
Kemp, W. 1. Imagines Selectæ, fol. 2. Nature,
Cure, Signs, and Cause of the Pestilence, Lon., 1665, 4to.
Kemp, William. Education of Children in Learn-
ing, &c., Lon., 1588, 4to.
Kemp, William, pub. two books on the treason of
Ballard, Babington, &c., Lon., 1587, 4to, and Nine Daies
Wonder, performed in a Daunce from London to Norwich,
1600, 4to.
"A great curiosity, and, as a rude picture of national manners,
extremely well worth reprinting."-Gifford's Notes to Ben Jonson.
Mr. Malone (in a MS. note prefixed to a copy) uses much
the same language respecting this work. It was reprinted
by the Camden Society, with Introduction and Notes by
the Rev. Alexander Dyce, sm. 4to. See Lowndes's Bibl.
Man.. 1061; Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poet., 1840, iii. 348.
Kempe, A. J. 1. Historical Notices of the Church
of St. Martin-Le-Grand, London, Svo. 2. Losely MSS.,
and other rare Documents illust. of Eng. Hist., Biog. and
Manners, 1835, 8vo. Commended by the Gent. Mag. and
Lit. Gaz. It should accompany the Memoirs of Evelyn
and Pepys.
Kempe, Margery. A Short Treatyse of Contemplay-
con, 4to. Consists of four leaves, printed by W. de Worde.
|
:
↓
Kempster, Bartholomew. Butt upon Butt; a
Poem, Lon., 1680, 4to.
Kempthorne, Rev. John. 1. Select Portions of
Psalins, from different translations, 1810, 12ino. 2. Rea-
sons for Reviving Convocation, Lon., 1835, 8vo.
Ken, Thomas, D.D., 1637-1710-11, a native of
Berkhamstead, Hertfordshire, educated at Winchester
School and New College, Oxford; Fellow of Winchester
College, 1666; Rector of Brixton, Isle of Wight, and sub-
sequently, in 1669, Preb. of Westminster; Chaplain to
Lord Dartmouth, and afterwards to Charles II.; Bishop of
Bath and Wells, 1684. He was one of the seven bishops
committed to the Tower for disobedience by James II.,
but proved his loyalty by refusing to take the oaths to
William and Mary, and was therefore deprived of his
bishopric. He was a man of devoted piety, expansive
benevolence, and great tenderness of spirit:
"His intellect was indeed darkened by many superstitions and
prejudices; but his moral character, when impartially reviewed,
sustains a comparison with any in ecclesiastical history, and seems
to approach as near as human infirmity permits to the ideal per-
fection of Christian virtue."-T. B. MACAULAY: Hist. of England,
vol. i., 1848. See also vols. iii. and iv., 1856.
It is natural to remark, in reference to the above citation,
that a wide difference will always exist in the minds of
men as to what may be properly denominated "supersti-
tions and prejudices" in matters of religion. See refer-
ences at end of this article. As an author, this excellent
man is known by a number of sermons, theolog. treatises,
manuals of devotion, and poetical compositions, among
which are some greatly-admired hymns, still to be found
iu collections suited to public and private worship:
"Bishop Ken's morning and evening hymns are admirable, and
may be found in most collections of devotional poetry."-Lowndes's
Brit. Li.. 31.
..
• The simple and touching devoutness of many of Bishop Keun's
lyrical effusions has been unregarded. because of the ungraceful
contrivances and heavy movement of his narrative.”—Rev. JOHN
KEBLE: Sacred Poetry, in Lon. Quar. Rec.. xxxii. 217.
The bishop's poetical works were pub., Lon., 1721, 4 vols.
Svo, accompanied by two of his sermons, and a Life of the
author by W. Hawkins, Esq., his great-nephew and exe-
pub. in 1713, Svo.
cutor. Hawkins's Life of Bishop Ken had been previously
pub. in 1713, Svo. A collective ed. of his Prose Works,
with some of his letters, (never before pub.,) collected by
J. T. Round, with Life by W. Hawkins, appeared in 1838,
Svo; 1855, 8vo. Of separate works, there have been re-
cent eds. of-1. Poems, Devotional and Didactic, 18mo.
2. Manual of Prayers, 1828, 12mo; 1840, 18mo.
..
Bishop Ken's works are still much esteemed, particularly his
Manual of Prayers."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 623.
"An excellent spirit of devotion.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
3. Prayers for the Use of all Persons who come to the
Baths of Bath for Cure, with Life by J. H. Markland,
1849, 12mo. 4. Practice of Divine Love, 1845, 18mno;
1849, fp. Svo. 5. Expos. of the Creed, 1852, '55, 12mo.
Extracted from No. 4. 6. Approach to the Holy Altar,
1852, '55, 12mo. Extracted from the Manual of Prayers.
There are several works attributed to Bishop Ken, which
it is supposed he did not write,-viz.: The Retired Chris-
tian; Letters to the Author of a Sermon; The Royal Suf-
ferer, by T. K., 1699, Svo; A Crown of Glory the Reward
of the Righteous; Expostulatoria, or The Complaints of
ing this estimable divine-a model of primitive piety-
the Church of England. For further information respect-
see, in addition to the Lives noticed above, Genl. Diet.;
Biog. Brit.; Burnet's Own Times: Works of Sir James
Mackintosh. Lon., 1854, ii. 15, 29, 276, and Index, voc.
Bishops; Life of Ken, by the Rev. W. L. Bowles, 1830-31,
2 vols. 8vo, and reviews of this work in Edin. Rev., lv.
26-43, and Lon. Quar. Rev., lxxxix. 277-306; Life of
Bishop Ken, by a Layman, (Mr. Anderdon,) 1851, Svɔ,
2d ed., 1854, 2 vols. 8vo; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. lxxxiv.,
and same periodical (Proposed Memorial to Bishop Ken)
for Feb. 1845, pp. 175-176; Life and Times of Bishop
Ken; Fraser's Mag., iv. 387.
Kendal, Mrs. 1. Essays addressed to Young Wo-
men, Lon., 1804, 12mo. 2. Moreland Manor; a Novel,
1806, 3 vols. 12mo.
Kendal, John. Measure of Time, Lon., 1684, Svo.
Kendal, Samuel, D.D., 1753-1815, minister of
Weston, Mass., pub. 11 serms.; and a vol. of his discourses
was pub. after his decease.
•
Kendall, A. Tales and Poems, 1800-04, &c.
Kendall, A. F. Pictures of England and Wales,
Lon., Svo.
Kendall, Amos, late Postmaster-General of the
United States of America. Life of Major-General Audrew
Jackson, New York, Svo. An account of Mr. Kendall
will be found in the Democratic Rev., i. 403.
1017
KEN
KEN
Kendall, E. Otis, Prof. of Mathemat. in the Univ.
of Penna. 1. Uranography, or Description of the Heavens,
and Atlas, Phila. 2. W. F. Walker's Geometry, 12mo.
Kendall, Edward Augustus, pub. several trans-
lations from the French, some educational works, Lon.,
1799-1803, and the three following books. 1. Travels
through the Northern Parts of the United States, 1807-08,
New York, 1809, 3 vols. Svo. 2. Argument rel. to the
Trial by Battle, &c.; 3d ed., 1818, Svo. 3. Letters on the
State of Ireland, &c., 1826, 3 vols. 8vo.
Kendall, George, D.D., d. 1663, a Calvinistic divine,
Preb. of Exeter, and Rector of Blissland, Cornwall, ejected
at the Restoration for Non-conformity, wrote a Vindication
of the Doctrine of Predestination, Lon., 1653, fol.; a De-
fence of the Doctrine of the Perseverance of the Saints,
against John Goodwin, 1654, fol.; and three other works,
1656, 57, '64.
Kendall, George Wilkins, a native of Vermont,
removed to New York on attaining his majority, and re-
mained in that city until 1835, when he became a resident
of New Orleans, where, as editor of The Picayune, he
made himself extensively known in all parts of the country.
In 1841, he volunteered to accompany the Texan Santa
Fé Expedition, the travels of which he has so graphically
described in his Narrative, pub. in New York, 1844, 2 vols.
p. Svo, pp. 836; Lon., 1845, 2 vols. fp. Svo; 1846, 12mo.
New Amer. ed., enlarged, N. York, 1856, 2 vols. 12mo.
The sale of this book in America alone had reached 40,000
vols. by the year 1853. We need hardly say that it has
been highly commended: especially see the London Athen-
æum, which contains three notices, with copious extracts,
-vol. for 1844, 351, 400, 425. See also N. York Interna-
tional Magazine, iii. 145; Method. Quar. Review; Cham-
bers's Edin. Jour.; Britannia: Atlas. Some of the ma-
terials of this work were used in Capt. Marryatt's Travels
of Monsieur Violet. In 1851, Mr. Kendall pub. a large
folio vol., entitled The War between the United States and
Mexico, embracing 12 coloured plates of the principal Con-
flicts, by Carl Nebel, N. York, $40 00. There is a descrip-
tive account of each battle, by Mr. Kendall, who was a
member of General Taylor's staff through the whole of his
campaigns. For further information respecting Mr. Ken-
dall, see N. York International Magazine, iii. 145-146;
Bungay's Off-Hand Takings, 218-219. Mr. Kendall now
(1857) resides near New Braunfels, Texas, where he has
an extensive cattle-ranch.
Kendall, J. Law of Bankruptcy and Insolvency; 2d
ed., Lon., 1849, 12mo.
Kendall, John, d. at Colchester, 1814, aged 89, pub.
The Life of Thomas Story, Precepts of the Christian Re-
ligion, and several other works, 1809, &c.
Kendall, John. Gothic Architecture, Lon., 1818,
8vo.
Kendall, Timothy, of Staple Inn. Flowers of Epi-
grammes out of sundrie the most singular Authors, Lon.,
1577, 16mo. Bindley, Pt. 2, 1105, one leaf MS., £16; re-
sold, Pt. 4, 306, £11 118. See notices of this
Perry,
very
rare book in Herbert's Ames's Typ. Antiq., ii. 1115, iii.
1804; Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., i. 485-486; Ritson's
Bibl. Poet., 261-262; Brydges's Brit. Bib., ii. 150–157;
Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poet., ed. 1840, iii. 327, 349; Dib-
din's Lib. Comp., 654, 698.
Kendall, William. 1. The Science of Legislation,
1. The Science of Legislation,
Lon., 1792, Svo. From the Italian. 2. Poems, 1793, 8vo.
Kendrick, Asahel C., Prof. of Greek in the Uni-
versity of Rochester, was b. 1809, at Poultney, Vermont.
1. Child's Book in Greek, N. York, 12mo. 2. Introduc.
to the Greek Language, 12mo.
It is superior to any work of the kind that has ever come under
my inspection.”—TAYLER LEWIs, LL.D., Prof. of the Greek Lan-
guage, de, in the Univ. of New York.
most valuable addition to the American Theological Li-
brary. See JUDSON, MRS. EMILY C.
Kendrick, James, and Robert M. Morris, M.D.
The Edinburgh Medical and Physical Dictionary, Edin.,
1807, 2 vols. 4to.
Kendricke, John. His Will, 1625, 4to.
Kenealy, Edward Vaughan Hyde, b. at Cork,
Ireland, 1819, educated at Trinity College, Dublin, now a
barrister on the Oxford Circuit, England, has made trans-
lations of songs and ballads from and into the Greck, Latin,
French, Italian, Portuguese, Dutch, German, Spanish,
Swedish, Danish, Romaic, Magyar, and Irish Languages.
He ought to be called "The Irish Longfellow." 1. Bral-
laghan; or, The Deipnosophists, Lon., 1845, fp. 8vo.
66
Kenealy is a new name in literature, but one that bids fair to
rival Father Prout. The Brallaghan Correspondenco is one of the
wittiest papers we have read for a long time."-Chronicle.
2. Goethe; a new Pantomime, 1850, fp. Svo.
"Splendour, wit, and power illumine this brilliant performance."
Dublin University Mag.
"I have read and recurred to it with real pleasure. It is a work
of great, of rare, and of sustained, genius."-BENJ. DISRAELI.
3. Greek Ollendorff, 1852, 12mo. 4. Echoes; or, Leisure
Hours with the German Poets, 1854, 16mo, pp. 148. 5.
Life of Rev. Linus W. Peck. 6. Amer. ed. of the English
trans. of Prof. Hermann Olshausen, D.D.'s Commentaries
on the New Testament, vols. i. and ii., 1856; to be com-
pleted in 6 vols. r. 8vo. |
We have already noticed the Eng-
lish trans. of Olshausen's Commentaries (pub. in Clark's
Edinburgh Foreign Theol. Lib.) in our article on THOMAS
BROWN, p. 260 of this Dictionary. That translation is the
basis of the present edition, but it has been thoroughly re- |
vised and greatly improved by the critical labours of Pro-
fessor Kendrick. He has also translated the Greek words
and phrases which occur in the text, and added a few brief
notes when the expositions of the author seemed to demand
animadversion. The treatise of Olshausen on the genuine-
ness of the writings of the New Testament translated by
Mr. Fosdick is prefixed to this edition. It will form a
I
Mr. Kenealy has contributed many papers to Fraser's
author of the Introduction to his friend Dr. Maginn's
Magazine, The Dublin University Magazine, &c., is the
Nestor's First Essay in Arms, (see Dr. R. S. Mackenzie's
ed. of Maginn's Homeric Ballads, p. 217,) and of the Me-
moir of Maginn in the Dublin University Magazine, Jan.
1844. See Dr. R. S. Mackenzie's ed. of Maginn's Frase-
rian Papers, N. York, 1857, lxii.-lxiii.
Kennard, Adam Steinmetz. Eastern Experiences,
collected during a Winter's Tour [in 1854] in Egypt and
the Holy Land, Lon., 1856, p. Svo.
"His entire story is told in a quiet, unaffected style, and may in-
terest such readers as desire, once a scason, to receive a new report
upon life and manners in the East."
Kennard, George. Serms. at Geneva, 1841, 12mo.
Kennaway, Charles Edward, has pub. a vol. of
poems, several vols. of serms., and some theolog. treatises,
Lon., 1842-56.
Kennedy, Captain. See FEILDING, VISCOUNT.
Kennedy, A. Practical Cotton-Spinner, Lon., 1845,
12mo; 2d ed., 1852, 12mo.
Kennedy, Andrew. Testament, 1508.
Kennedy, Archibald, Receiver-General of New
York. 1. Importance of the Northern Colonies, New York,
1749, 8vo. 2. Present State of the Affairs in the Northern
Colonies, 1754, Svo.
Kennedy, Benjamin Hall, D.D., Preb. of Lich-
field, Head-Master of Shrewsbury School, has pub. a num-
ber of Greek and Latin Grammars and Reading-Books,
Lon., 1838-56.
Kennedy, C. M., of Gonville and Caius Coll., Whe-
tianity upon International Law: The Hulsean Prize Essay
well University Prizeman, 1855. The Influence of Chris-
in the Univ. of Cambridge for 1851, Camb., 1856, 12mo.
Kennedy, Charles Rann, Prof. of Law at Queen's
College, Birmingham. 1. New Rules for Pleading, Lon.,
1838, 12mo; 2d ed., 1841, 12mo. 2. Poems, Original and
Translated, 1843, fp. 8vo. 3. Treat. on Annuities, 1846,
Svo. 4. J. Burchell's Joint-Stock Registration Act, with
Pref., Index, and an Analysis, 1844, 12mo. 5. With Rev.
Rann Kennedy, Works of Virgil, a new trans., 1850, 2 vols.
Highly commended. The trans. is in blank verse, and in
the preface to vol. ii. Mr. C. R. Kennedy argues zealously
in favour of blank verse over the heroic couplet of Dryden
for a trans. of Virgil. 6. Selections of Classical Poetry,
1853, p. 8vo. Principally translations from the Greek
and Roman poets.
Kennedy, Grace, 1782-1824, the daughter of Robert
Kennedy, of Penmore, county of Ayr, Scotland, was re-
moved in infancy to Edinburgh, where she resided for the
rest of her life. She was the author of the following p>-
pular works, which were not acknowledged as her produc-
tions until after her decease. 1. Decision, 1821; other
eds. 2. Profession is not Principle, 1822; 8th ed., 1855,
18mo. 3. Jerry Allan, the Lame Girl, 1822; 12th ed.,
1853, 18mo. 4. Father Clement, 1823; 11th ed., 1849,
12mo. 5. Anna Ross, the Orphan of Waterloo, 1823; 10th
ed., 1852, 18mo. 6. Andrew Campbell's Visit to his Irish
Cousins, 1824.
Cousins, 1824. 7. Dunallan; or, Know what you Judge,
1824; other eds. S. Philip Colville; a Covenanting Story,
1824; new ed., 1854, 18mo. A collective ed. of her earlier
works was pub. in 6 vols. 12mo. A biography of Miss
Kennedy will be found in Jamieson's Cyc. of Religious
Biog., Lon. and Glasg., 1853, 295–296.
Kennedy, Rev. Hugh. Work of Grace, &c., LoD.,
1752, 8vo.
1018
KEN
KEN
|
Kennedy, J. 1. Law and Prac. of Juries, Lon., 1826, | through 1818 and '19) were subsequently collected into
3vo. 2. Bkrupt. Act, 6 Geo. IV., c. 16, 1826, 12mo. two vols. Kennedy's other publications were as follows:
Kennedy, James, 1405?-1466,-Bishop of Dunkeld,
-Bishop of Dunkeld, 2. Swallow Barn ; or, A Sojourn in the Old Dominion, 1832.
1437; Bishop of St. Andrews, 1440; Lord-Chancellor of This work, consisting of a number of sketches of Virginia
Scotland. 1444,-is said to have written Monita Politica, life and manners, was very favourably reviewed by Edward
and a History of his own times, both probably lost. See Everett in the North American Review for April, 1833, vol.
Mackenzie's Lives; Crawford's Lives of Statesmen.
xxxvi. 519-544. See also South. Quar. Rev., xxi. 71. 3.
Horse-Shoe Robinson; a Tale of the Tory Ascendancy,
1835. The preceding work was very favourably received
by the public, but Horse-Shoe Robinson seems to have met
with even more success. It is an historical novel, dealing
largely with the personal experiences of a soldier of the
Revolution, whose title the book carries on its front. See
South. Quar. Rev., xxii. 203. 4. Rob of the Bowl; a Le-
gend of St. Inigoes, 1835. Here we have much historical
inatter connected with the religious troubles between the
Roman Catholics and Protestants in Maryland in the days
of Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore. The three preceding
works were republished in 3 vols., (uniform,) with revisions
and illustrations, in 1852, by G. P. Putnam, of New York.
5. Annals of Quodlibet, 1840. This is a political satire
upon some of the scenes in the Presidential canvas which
resulted in the election of General Harrison. 6. Memoirs
of the Life of William Wirt, Attorney-General of the
United States, Phila., 1849, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., revised,
1850, 2 vols. 12mo. In the preparation of this work, the
author had the advantage of the whole of Mr. Wirt's papers,
correspondence, diaries, &c. It throws light upon much
of the political history of the times, and should be con-
sulted by the historical student.
|
"In itself, the Memoir is not what the reading world calls inte-
resting. There is no action and little incident. The letters are the
best portion. . . . Mr. Kennedy has done what he had to do with
zeal and ability. But the book is not likely to take much hold of
English readers, from the absence of all stirring incident in the
narrative."-Lon. Athenæum, 1850, 867–SCS.
Kennedy, John, M.D., d. 1760, a native of Scotland,
resided for some time at Smyrna. 1. Dissert. on the Coins
of Carausius. 2. Farther Observations on do., 1756, 4to.
See Nichols's Lit. Anec. Dr. K. had a valuable collection
of Greek and Roman coins, which subsequently became
the property of Dr. Hunter.
Mr. Kennedy had, as early as 1834, delivered a Dis-
course on the Life and Character of his friend Mr. Wirt,
Balt., Svo. Among other of his minor publications are
An Address delivered before the Baltimore Horticultural
Society, in 1833, and A Discourse at the Dedication of
Green Mount Cemetery, in 1839. He has contributed quite
a number of articles to periodicals, we suppose enough
Kennedy, John. Con. to Edin. Med. Ess., i. 206. to fill several octavo volumes: and would that they were
Kennedy, John, d. 1770? Rector of Bradley, Derby-gathered into volumes! Will not the author see to this?
shire, pub. several works on Scripture Chronology, of
For further information respecting this popular writer and
which the following are the best-known. 1. A Complete his works, in addition to authorities above cited, see Homes
System of Astronomical Chronology, unfolding the Scrip- of American Authors, N. York, 1853, 241-246; Amer.
tures, Lon., 1762, 4to. 2. Explan. and Proof of do., 1774, Whig Review, (with portrait,) xiii. 13; N. York Rev., x.
Svo. The Dedication to the King in No. 1 was written 144; Amer. Month. Rev., ii. 255; South. Lit. Mess., i. 522 ;
by Dr. Saml. Johnson. No. 2 consists of Letters addressed Internat. Mag., iv. 151. From the complimentary notices
to Jas. Ferguson, who opposed Kennedy's theory of Scrip- before us of Mr. Kennedy's works, we do not think we can
ture Chronology. It was also opposed by Rev. Thomas make a better quotation than the following lines, which
Bowen, of Bristol, in a series of letters pub. in The Chris- commence a review of Swallow Barn by one of the most
tian Magazine.
eloquent orators and distinguished scholars of the age:
"This is a work of great merit and promise. It is attributed to
public by several productions of less compass and in various styles,
a gentleman of Baltimore, already advantageously known to the
but all excellent in their respective ways. The present attempt
proves that he combines, with the talent and spirit which he had
previously exhibited, the resource, perseverance, and industry that
are necessary to the accomplishment of extensive works. We do
not know that we can better evince our friendly feeling for him
has met with may induce him to withdraw his attention from other
than by expressing the wish that the success which this production
objects, and devote himself entirely to the elegant pursuits of polite
literature, for which his taste and talent are so well adapted, aud
science to which he is no stranger-is still more pressing than in
in which the demand for labour-to borrow an expression from a
law, political economy, or politics."-EDWARD EVERETT: "N. Amer.
Rev., xxxvi. 519-544, April, 1833.
Kennedy, James. Epithalamium Caroli II. et Ca-
tharina M. Brit. R. R., Edin., 1662, 4to.
Kennedy, James. Antiquities and Curiosities in
Wilton House, Lon., 1758, 8vo; Salisb., 1769, 4to; 1786.
Kennedy, James. Glenochel; a Descrip. Poem,
Glasg.; 2d ed., Lon., 1811, 2 vols. 8vo.
Kennedy, James, M.D.. d. 1827, at Jamaica, West
Indies. Conversations on Religion with Lord Byron and
others, Lon., 1830, 8vo. Reviewed in the Lon. Month.
Rev., exxii. 475; and by W. B. O. Peabody in the N. Amer.
Rev., xxxvi. 152. See BYRON, GEORGE GORDON, LORD,
p. 323 of this Dictionary.
Kennedy, James. Ten Lects. on the Philosophy
of the Mosaic Records of the Creation, Lon. and Dubl.,
1826-27, 2 vols. 8vo. See Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Kennedy, James, British Judge of Mixed Court of
The Havaunah. Modern Poets and Poetry of Spain, Lon.,
1852, 8vo. This work, the fruits of "ten years' labour,"
contains biographical and critical notices of the poets of
Spain, with trans. from each. See TICKNOR, GEORGE.
Kennedy, Jane, is known as the author of Arthur
Seymour, Light Hearts and Happy Days, and some other
tales, &c., pub. Lon., 1852. Since the above was written
she has given to the world The Balance of Beauty; or,
The Lost Image Restored, 1857. See Lon. Athenæum,
April 25, 1857, 533.
Kennedy, John. 1. The Historie of Calanthrop
and Lveilla, Edin., 1626, sm. Svo. 2. Theological Epi-
tome, 1629, 12mo. In verse.
Kennedy, John. Serm., Ephes. iii. S, 8. a.
Kennedy, John Pendleton, equally distinguished
in the controversies of politics and the amenities of let-
ters, was born in Baltimore. Oct. 25, 1795, and graduated
at the college of his native city in 1812. Admitted to the
practice of the law in 1816, he soon gave evidence of that
aptitude for public business and power of influencing other
minds which in America is an almost certain guarantee
of political distinction. In 1820, 1821, and 1822, he was
elected to the House of Delegates of Maryland; in 1838,
1841, and 1843, was sent to the House of Representatives
at Washington; and in 1846 again entered the Maryland
House of Delegates, and officiated as Speaker. In Con-
gress he exercised great influence over his party, and his
political papers and reports carried this influence beyond
the sound of his voice. The best-known of these produc-
tions is A Defence of the Whigs, &c., pub, in 1844. Mr.
Kennedy's public services were honourably closed (at least
for a season) in 1852, under the Fillmore administration,
by his appointment to the post of Secretary of the Navy
of the United States. In this chair he had been preceded
by two distinguished literary brethren,―James K. Paulding
and George Bancroft. We should not omit to notice that
We should not omit to notice that
in 1849 Mr. Kennedy was chosen Provost of the University
of Maryland. He is also Vice-President of the Historical
Society of Maryland.
We have now to consider the watchful public guardian
of the material interests of the people in his capacity of
caterer for their intellectual gratification. Mr. Kennedy
commenced authorship in 1818, by the publication, in con-
junction with Peter Hoffman Cruse, of (1) The Red Book,
a series of miscellaneous papers in prose and verse, issued
in Baltimore about every fortnight. These (continued
This is one of the many instances in which Mr. Everett
has evinced the foresight to discern, and the generosity to
encourage, the carly indications of that literary excellence
of which he himself is so illustrious an example. We had
not intended to add any thing to these lines; but it may be
well to cite some opinions of a later date, to show that in
the estimation of competent critics Mr. Kennedy has not
“ Unbeseem'd the promise of his spring."
agreeable writers. Iis style is airy, easy, and graceful, but various,
"Mr. Kennedy is altogether one of our most genial, lively, and
agreeable writers. His style is airy, easy, and graceful, but various,
and always in keeping with his subject. He excels both as a de
scriber and as a raconteur. His delineations of nature are pictu
resque and truthful, and his sketches of character are marked by
unusual freedom and delicacy. He studies the periods which he
imbued with their spirit, and writes of them with the enthusiasm
attempts to illustrate with the greatest care, becomes thoroughly
and the apparent sincerity and earnestness of a contemporary and
an actor. He pays an exemplary regard to the details of costume,
manners, and opinion, and is scarce ever detected in any kind of
anachronism. There are some inequalities in his works, arising
perhaps from the interruptions to which a man in active public life
is liable; there is occasional diffuseness and redundance of incident
as well as of expression; but his faults are upon the surface, and
1019
KEN
KEN
euld be easily removed."-Griswold's Prose Writers of America,
4th ed.. Phila., 1852. 343.
**
Swallow Barn is an admirable delineation of Virginia life in the
olden time. Another work by the same author, Horse Shoe Robin-
son. is of quite as much merit. Mr. Kennedy deserves a place in
the front rank of American literature."-PRESIDENT KING, of Co
lumbia College.
Kennedy, Lewis, and T. B. Grainger. 1. Te-
nancy of Land in G. Britain, Lon., 1828, 2 vols. 8vo. A
valuable work. See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 1845,
219; Edin. Rev., lix. 387; Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.,
1854, 117. 2. Cultivation of the Waste Lands of the
United Kingdoms, 1829, Svo. See Donaldson, ubi supra.
Kennedy, M. V. Courts Martial, Lon., 1825, 12mo.
Kennedy, Matthew, LL.D. 1. Acts of Genl. As-
sembly Ch. of Scot., Edin., 1691, fol. 2. Dissert. on the
Stuarts, Paris, 1705, Svo. Answered by Richard Hay,
Edin., 1722, 4to. 3. Réponse à une Lettre que le Père de la
Haye, &c., Paris, 1715, 8vo.
Kennedy, Pendleton, of Virginia. Blackwater
Chronicle; a Narrative of an Expedition in Randolph
county, Virginia, N. York, 1853, 12mo.
Kennedy, Peter. Med. treatises, 1713, '15, '39.
Kennedy, Quintine. 1. Compendius Tractive, 1553,
Edin., 1558, 4to. 2. Ane Oratioune, from the MS., 1812,
su. 4to.
Kennedy, R. Notes on Epidemic Cholera; 2d ed.,
Lon., 1846, p. Svo.
Kennedy, Rev. Rann, of Birmingham, a clergy-
man of the Church of England. is best known as the author
of a vol. containing Britain's Genius, a Maske on occa-
sion of the Marriage of Victoria, and The Reign of Youth,
a Lyrical Poem. In 1837 he pub. a Tribute in Verse to
the Character of the late George Canning. From another
of his pieces--A Poem on the Death of the Princess Char-
lotte-Mr. Irving many years since favoured us with an
extract, on the last page of his Sketch-Book. Mr. K. is
also the author of Thoughts on the Church Psalmody, Svo;
Church of England Psalm-Book, 1852, 32mo; new ed.,
1855, 32mo; and, in conjunction with his son, Charles
Rann Kennedy, (q. v., No. 5,) a new trans. of the Works
of Virgil, 1850, 2 vols.
Kennedy, Richard Hartley, M. D. Narrative of
the Campaign of the Army of the Indus in Sind and Kau-
bool in 1838-39, Lon., 1840, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"Extremely interesting."-Lom. Atlas.
Kennedy, Robert, M.D. Chemical papers in Nic.
Chemical papers in Nic.
Jour., 1800, and Trans. Soc., Edin., 1805.
Kennedy, Thomas. 1. Code of Chancery Practice:
vol. i., Lon., 1843, 12mo; vol. ii., Pt. 1, 1852, 12mo; vol.
ii., Pt. 2, 1853, 12mo. An excellent work. See 26 Leg.
Obs., 197, xxix. 359: 7 Jurist, 234. 2. Orders in Chan-
cery, 1844-45, Svo, 1845.
Kennedy, Lt.-Col. Vans. Researches into the
Origin and Affinity of the principal Languages of Asia
and Europe, 1827, 4to.
Kennedy, Walter, an early Scotch poet. See David
Laing's ed. of the Poems of William Dunbar, 1834, vol. ii.;
Index to Blackw. Mag., vols. i.-1.
Kennedy, William, M.D. Paper in Annals of Med.,
1801.
Kennedy, William. Annals of Aberdeen to 1818,
Annals of Aberdeen to 1818,
Lon., 1818, 2 vols. 4to.
Kennedy, William, private secretary to the Earl
of Durham, in Canada, and resident in the United States
as British Consul for Texas, now retired on a pension,
has pub. quite a number of poems, &c., which have gained
some popularity. 1. My Early Days, Lon., 18mo.
The story is interesting, and the moral it inculcates excellent."
-Lon. Literary Chronicle.
"It is beautifully written; and, were we to speak of it as warmly
as we feel disposed to do under the fresh impression of the perusal,
we might be suspected of partiality and extravagance.”—Lon.
Eclectic Review.
2. Fitful Fancies, 1827, fp. 8vo. 3. The Arrow and the
3. The Arrow and the
Rose; with other Poems, Lon., 8vo.
"An exceedingly graceful, elegant, and pathetic little poem."-
CIMISTOPHER NORTH: Noctes Ambros., Nov. 1830.
"William Kennedy has fancy and feeling, nor is he without sud-
den bursts of manly vigour; but he is unequal in execution, and
occasionally overstrained in language."-ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog.
and Crit. Hist. of the Lil. of the Last Fifty Years, 1833.
See Lon. Month. Rev., cxxiv. 18.
With maps.
4. The Rise, Progress, and Prospects of the Republic
of Texas, Lon., 1841, 2 vols. 8vo.
5. Texas;
its Geography, Natural Hist. and Topography, N. York,
1844, 8vo. pp. 118. This appears to be an abstract of No.
4. See Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 348, 386.
Kennett, Basil, D.D., 1674-1714-15, a native of
Postling, Kent, younger brother to Bishop White Kennett,
entered Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1690, and became
its President in 1714; Chaplain to the English Factory at
Leghorn, 1706. His best-known works are-1. Rome
Antiquæ Notitia; or, The Antiquities of Rome, Lon., 1696,
Svo. Many edits.; the 13th in 1763, Svo. Indeed, for
nearly a century this was the standard school-book on the
subject. It was superseded by Dr. Alexander Adam's
work on the same subject, (1st ed., Edin., 1791, 8vo,) which
in its turn has given way to manuals embodying the results
of late investigations. 2. Lives and Characters of the
Ancient Grecian Poets, 1697, Svo. 3. Expos. of the
Apostles' Creed, Svo.
Apostles' Creed, Svo. 4. Paraphrase on the Psalms, in
Verse, &c., 1706, Svo. 5. Twenty Serms., 1715, Svo. See
Genl. Dict.; Biog. Brit.
Kennett, White, D.D., 1660–1728, a native of Dover,
England, entered of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1678; Vicar
of Amersden, Oxfordshire, 1684; Rector of Shottesbrook.
Berkshire, 1693; minister of St. Botolph, Aldgate, Lon-
don, 1699; Dean of Peterborough, 1707; Bishop of Peter-
borough, 1718. Bishop Kennett was a man of great learn
ing, and a zealous antiquary. He was considered a high.
churchman before the Revolution and a low-churchman
after its occurrence. He pub. fifty-seven works,-princi-
pally single serms., tracts, letters, &c. His most import-
ant publications are: 1. Life of Mr. Sommer, Oxf., 1693,
Svo. See Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1824, 162. 2. Paro-
chial Antiquities of Oxon. and Bucks, 1695, 4to. A few
specimens on large paper. Greatly enlarged from the
author's MSS. Notes, isis, 2 vols. 4to, £3 38. Edited by
the Rev. B. Bandinel, D.D.
"Will be duly valued as long as ecclesiastical history bears any
repute amongst us.”—Bp. Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib., ed. 1776, p. 8.
3. Ecclesiastical Synods and Parliamentary Convoca-
tions of the Church of England historically and justly
vindicated from the misrepresentations of Mr. [afterwards
In answer to Atter-
Bishop] Atterbury, Lon., 1701, Svo.
bury's Rights, Powers, and Privileges of an English Con-
vocation, 1700, '01, 8vo. See Nicolson, ubi supra, p. 135.
Both writers pub. more upon this subject subsequently.
4. A Compleat Hist. of England, with the Lives of all the
Kings and Queens thereof, from the earliest accounts of
Time to the death of William III., 1706, 3 vols. fol.; 2d
The notes
ed., enlarged and corrected, 1719, 3 vols. fol.
signed J. S. are said to be by John Strype. Vols. i. and
ii. are a compilation from various authors of fourteen royal
lives, with Milton's Hist. of England, up to the Conquest,
prefixed. These vols. are said to have been compiled by
a Mr. Hughes, who also has the credit of having written
the general Preface.
the general Preface. Vol. iii. contains the lives of Charles
I., Charles II., James II., and William III., "all writ by
a new and impartial hand," supposed to be Kennett.
This work the 2d ed.—should be in every large historical
library. The lives in vols. i. and ii. were written by Daniel,
labington, Sir Thomas More, Hall, Holinshed, Buck,
Lord Bacon, Lord Herbert, Hayward, Hughes, Camden,
and Arthur Wilson. The Compleat History was severely
handled by Roger North (q. v.) in his Examen, 1740, 4to.
5. Serm. at the Funeral of the Duke of Devonshire, 1707,
Svo; with Memoirs of the Family of Cavendish, 1708, Svo.
New ed., 1797, 8vo. Nearly all the copies were destroyed
by fire.
This sermon gave great offence, was severely cri-
ticized by John Dunton in his Hazard of a Death-Bed
Repentance, and satirized by Pope in his Imitations of
Horace.
Horace. 6. Bibliothecæ Americana Primordia; an At-
tempt towards laying the Foundation of an American
Library, &c., 1713, 4to. Dr. Dibdin states (infra) that
there was a reprint of this catalogue in 1791, but the
Bibliotheca Americana to which he refers is another and
a very inferior work. The collector of American books
should secure Kennett's Bibliotheca when he cau.
"This, as far as it goes, is the best catalogue of books relating to
America extant, the titles being copied at full length with the
greatest exactness. together with the name of the printer, and the
number of pages in each volume. It unfortunately contains only the
books given to the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign
Parts, by White Kennett, Bishop of Peterborough, and a fow others,
many of them not relating to America. It is, however, rich in
English tracts relating to New England. The catalogue was drawn
up by Bishop Kennett, but the very complete index, which occupies
nearly half the volume, was formed by the Rev. Robert Watts."—
Rich's Bibl. Amer. i. 21–22.
It is hardly necessary to say that Mr. Rich's invaluable
Bibliotheca must accompany Kennett's. To sharpen the
appetite of the collector, we extract a few lines from the
Preface to the last-named work:
"In this short catalogue will be found about twenty original
tracts relating to Newfoundland; above fifty concerning Virginia;
one hundred, or more, of New England; and so on in proportion
to the other colonics."
Some of these tracts are supposed to be entirely lost.
The collection itself has disappeared. Some years since
¡
1020
KEN
KEN
|
a gentleman from New York essayed to find it, but a few
scattered vestiges in one of the rooms of the Society at
Lambeth were all that rewarded his bibliographical zeal.
Dibdin remarks of the Bibliothecæ,
“Both original and reprint (see above] are at this moment [1825]
sticking on stalls at some two shillings each. The book is invalu-
able to a collector: and the spirit that is now abroad in America
should lead some Bostonian, or New Yorkite, or Philadelphian, to
bring the catalogue of publications down to the present time.".
Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 467.
We have already briefly referred, and shall hereafter
more fully refer, (see RICH, OBADIAH,) to the services of
Mr. Rich in the cause of American Bibliography; and
we are induced by Dr. Dibdin's comments to hint at the
fact that a gentleman of Philadelphia has been long en-
gaged upon an enlarged catalogue raisonné of books re-
lating to America. We ourselves, in the present volume,
bave, we hope, contributed something in this direction.
See LUDEWIG, HERMANN E. 7. The Wisdom of Looking
Backwards, &c., 1715, Svo. This is a record of the
speeches, writings, &c. of the preceding four years, and
"fills up a gap in our literary history." But the design
was more fully carried out in the work next noticed.
Register and Chronicle, Ecclesiastical and Civil, towards
discovering and correcting the true History of England,
from the Restoration of King Charles II., vol. i., 1728,
fol.; 1741, fol. This work-which should be used as a
sequel to Whitelock's Memorials and studied with Rush-
worth's Collections-is a diary of matters of fact "deli-
vered in the words of the most authentic books, papers,
and records."
8.
"One of those astonishing labours which could only have been
produced by the pleasure of study urged by the strong love of pos-
terity."-Disraeli's Calamities of Authors, ed. 1840, 86.
..
The author calls it a tedious, heavy book," and remarks,
"The volume, too large, brings me no profit." So he gave
it to his publisher, who, we presume, made as little on it
as the author did. But it is from such contemporaneous
records that all true history must be compiled. As regards
the "ustonishing labours" to which Disraeli refers, Ken-
nett delighted in such toil. If any one doubt this, let him
visit the Landsdowne department of the British Museum
Library of MSS., from No. 935 to No. 1042, which were
the good bishop's; and there is contained in these ceme-
teries of knowledge much matter which he never commu-
nicated to the public. For further information respecting
this learned antiquary, industrious annalist, and excellent
prelate, see the Rev. Wm. Newton's Life of Bp. Kennett,
1730, Svo; Athen. Oxon.; Genl. Dict.; Biog. Brit.; Ni-
chols's Atterbury: Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Gent. Mag., vol.
lxxvi., &c.; Dibdin's Quarrels of Authors, ed. 1840, 256.
We must not omit to notice that in 1850 (12mo) Mr. S. F.
Wood and Mr. Ed. Baddeley pub., (for the first time,) from
the author's MSS., a work of Bp. Kennett's on Lay Im-
propriations.
Kenney, Arthur H., D.D., Dean of Achonry, Rec-
tor of St. Olave's, Southwark, 1822. 1. Popish Power,
Lon., Svo. 2. Prejudice in Religion, 2 vols. Svo. 3. Pre-
tended Reformers in Church and State, 1819. Svo. In this
work Fox's Hist. of James II., and the principles advo-
cated by Buchanan, Knox, Calvin, and others, are criti-
cized. 4. Facts and Documents of Ecclesiast. Hist., 1827,
Svo. 5. Comment. on the Epistles, 1842, 2 vols. 12mo.
Kenney, Rev. Edward. Sulphureous Medicinal
Water; Trans. Irish Acad., v. 1793.
Kenney, or Kenny, James, an Irishman, pub. se-
veral dramatic pieces and poems, Lon., 1804–17.
Kenney, John H. The Burniad, Lon., 180S, Svo.
Kennicott, B., Perpetual Curate of Monkwearmouth.
Analysis of Book V. of Hooker's Eccles. Polity, Lon.,
1819, Svo.
:
*
Considered; a Lissert. in two Parts, 1753-59, 2 vols. 8vo.
In Latin by W. A. Teller, Lips., 1756-65, 2 vols. 8vo. 4.
Answer to T. Rutherforth's Letter, &c., [relative to No. 3.]
Lon., 1762, 8vo. In these Disserts. the author proved the
necessity of a revision of the Hebrew Text. See Bp
Marsh's Divinity Lectures, No. XI.; Orme's Bibl. Bib.;
Horne's Bibl. Bib.; and authorities cited at conclusion of
this article. A subscription of between nine and ten thou-
sand pounds sterling was made to defray the expenses of
the collation of MSS., printed eds. of the Old Testament,
Jewish and early Christian writers, &c. The collation was
vigorously carried on from 1760 to '69, and an annual
Account was pub. by Dr. K. of the results. These ten
Annual Accounts were pub. collectively, in one Svo vol.,
in 1770, and should accompany the work to which they
refer, which at last appeared, (5,) Vetus Testamentum He-
braicum, cum variis Lectionibus. Oxf., 1770, 2 vols. fol.
This is the most splendid ed. of the Hebrew Scriptures
ever published.
"The greatest and most important work that has been undertaken
and accomplished since the revival of letters."-BISHOP LOWTH.
"Kennicott did not confine his collation to MS. and editions. He
had recourse to the most distinguished among rabbinical writings,
but particularly the Talmud. the text of which is as ancient as the
third century."-BISHOP MARSH.
For a particular account of this great work-for such,
notwithstanding some errors and imperfections, it certainly
is—we must refer the reader to authorities cited at con-
clusion of this article; also to Marsh's Divinity Lects., No.
XI.; Horne's Bibl. Bib.; Orme's Bibl. Bib.: Lowndes's
Brit. Lib., 13-14; Dibdin's Lib. Comp.; Lon. Month. Rev.,
O.S., lv. 92-100, lxiv. 173-182, 321-328, lxv. 121-131.
Those who have Kennicott's Vetus Testamentum Hebrai-
cum must add to it M. de Rossi's supplement, pub. at
Parma,-Variæ Lectiones Veteris Testamenti, 1784-87,
4 vols. 4to, and Appendix, 1798. This work and Kenni-
cott's ed. form one complete set of collations. An ed. of
the Hebrew Bible, containing many of the most important
of the readings in Kennicott's and De Rossi's vols., was
pub. by Doederlein and Meissner, Leip., 1793; and a far
better one by Jahn, Vienna, 1806, 4 vols. Svo. See BOOTH-
Of
ROYD, BENJAMIN, D.D., p. 219 of this Dictionary.
Kennicott's ed. the learned Henry Owen declares,-
It is a work which contains, with all its imputed defects, a vast
treasure of Hebrew learning; which, judiciously applied, will con-
tribute more to rectify and restore the Hebrew text than all the
methods hitherto practised.”
Kennicott's Dissertatio Generalis-or Prolegomena in
fact-annexed to vol. ii. of his ed. of the Hebrew Bible,
should be carefully studied by the divinity student.
"Though inquiries of this description unavoidably contain mat-
ters of doubtful disputation, though the opinions of Kennicott have
been frequently questioned, and sometimes justly questioned, his
Dissertatio generalis is a work of great interest to every biblical
scholar. . . . The Dissertatio generalis, therefore, is the work which
is always to be examined in the first instance by those who are
desirous of obtaining information on any Hebrew manuscript which
had been collated before 1770, when Kennicott's collation was closed.”
BP. MARSH: ubi supra.
"Kennicott was a learned and most diligent scholar; but his
fame must rest chiefly on his labours as a collector of Hebrew MSS.
He does not now rank in the first line of Hebrew or Oriental
scholars; and many of his criticisms in the above works [1, 2, 3, 5,
supra, et 6, infra] have been disputed by writers of distinction."-
Orme's Bibl. Bib.
✓
We should add that the Dissertatio Generalis was printed
separately at Oxford, 1780, fol., and at Brunswick by Prof.
Bruns, (an associate in the collations,) 1783, Svo.
"Kennicott's own Dissertation upon the state of the Hebrew text,
[see No. 3.] with his annual accounts, are a fund of theological learn-
ing."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
Kennicott, Benjamin, D.D., 1718-1783, a native
of Totness, Devonshire, entered of Wadham College, Ox-
ford, 1774; became Fellow of Exeter College, and subse-
quently Vicar of Culham, Oxfordshire; Radcliffe Librarian,
1767; Canon of Christ Church, 1770. He pub. two or
three single serms., some theolog. treatises, an ed. of the
Hebrew Bible, and Accounts, &c. connected with the last.
We notice the following publications: 1. On the Tree of
Life in Paradise; a Crit. Dissert. on Gen. ii. 8–24, 1747, |
8vo. 2. On the Oblation of Cain and Abel; a Crit. Dis-
sert. on Gen. iv. 1-5, 1747, Svo; 2d ed. of both printed
together, Oxf., 1747, 8vo.
The object of the first is to show that the tree of life was not
an individual tree, but a species of tree which grew in Paradise,
which he seems to make out satisfactorily. His design in the second
is to prove that Cain's oblation was only a bread or thank offering;
while Abel's was both that and a sacrifice or peace-offering.”.
☛rme's Bibl. Bib.
3. The State of the Printed Text of the Old Testament | MSS. and sixteen MSS. of the Samaritan Pentateuch, to
6. Remarks on Select Passages in the Old Testament.
To which are added eight serms., Lon., 1787, 8vo.
“Contain many useful hints.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
See Lon. Month. Rev., O.S., lxxviii. 477-489. The
author of so many criticisms could not hope to escape cri-
ticism himself: many publications in opposition to his
expressed views on different points were put forth from
time to time. Mr. Dyer, of Exeter, (or some person from
whom he purchased.) took the pains to make a collection
of these pieces, together with all of Kennicott's works;
and a catalogue of the whole will be found in Dyer & Co.'s
Catalogue of English Divinity for 1829. This collection
should be in the Bodleian Library,-perhaps is by this time,
(1857.) Further information respecting this learned critic
and excellent man will be found in Nichols's Lit. Anec.;
Jones's Life of Bishop Horne; Polwhele's Hist. of Devon-
shire; Lon. Gent. Mag., lix. 289; N. Amer. Rev., x. 8.
The testimony of Dr. Kennicott, after his many years of
labour in his abstruse studies, and the examination by
himself and his associates of above six hundred Hebrew
1021
KEN
KEN
|
the unequivocal character of these documents, is too valu- | 8vo. A review of this work, from the London Times, will
able to be omitted. When he appeared himself beforo be found in the New York International Magazine, ii. 322--
the king to present his great work, his majesty asked him, 326. Mr. Kenrick has given us reason to think that he
what, upon the whole, had been the result of his learned will publish a work on Syria and Phoenicia. We beg to
and laborious investigations? To this question Kenni- remind him that it is quite time it had appeared.
cott replied that he had found some grammatical errors,
and many variations, in the different texts, but not one
which in the smallest degree affected any article of faith
or practice. To the same effect is the testimony of James
Smith, of Jordan Hill:
Since the above was prepared for the press, the vol. re-
specting which we were jogging Mr. Kenrick's memory
has made its appearance, viz.: Phoenicia, by John Kenrick,
M.A.; forming the new volume of his History of the Ci-
vilized Nations of Antiquity, in continuation of “Ancient
Egypt under the Pharaohs," 1857, Svo.
"It may be satisfactory to those who look with suspicion upon
the numerous various readings appended to critical editions, to
know that, in that very considerable portion of the Gospels which
I have copied, I have not been able to detect a shade of difference in
the meaning, either doctrinal or historical. But the differences be-
tween the earlier and the later MSS., although unimportant as to
the matter, are of great importance in an inquiry like the present,
[Origin and Connection of the Gospels.] where so much depends
upon verbal expression.”
Kennion, Edward. Examples of Trees in Land-
всаре, with Essays, Lon., 1815, 7 pts. imp. 4to, £3 138. 6d.
This is considered by artists the standard work on the
subject, and the one to be used by all pupils. It can now
(1857) be had for the low price of 18s.
Kenny, Charles. Manual of Chess, Lon., 1847,
18mo. See KENNY, W. S.
Kenny, E. E. C. Hints on the Management of Lu-
natic Asylums, Lon., 1847, Svo.
Kenrick, Timothy, 1759-1804, father of the pre-
ceding, was for twenty years minister of a Unitarian con-
gregation at Exeter, England. 1. Discourses on various
Topics relating to Doctrine and Practice, 1805, 2 vols. Svo.
2. Expos. of the Histor. Writings of the N. Testament,
with Reflections; with Memoirs of the Author, Lon.,
1809, 3 vols. Svo.
|
Kenny, Robert. Hist. of Jamaica, 1807, 4to.
Kenny, W. S. 1. Chess Grammar, Lon., 1817, 4to.
2. Chess Exercises, 1818, fp. Svo. Other works. Among
works on this subject we must not omit to mention Chess
for Winter Evenings, by H. R. Agnel, N. York, 1848, 12mo.
Kenrick, Francis Patrick, b. Dec. 3, 1797, in Dub-
lin, was educated in the College of the Propaganda at
Rome, and there ordained a priest of the R. Catholic
Church in 1821; Professor in St. Joseph's College, Bards-
town, Kentucky, 1821; consecrated Bishop, and made co-
adjutor to Bishop Connell of Philadelphia, 1830; suc-
ceeded Bishop Connell in 1842; Archbishop of the R. C.
Church in Baltimore, 1851. 1. Letters to Rev. Dr. Black-
burn, 1828. 2. Four Serms. preached in the Cathedral at
Bardstown, 1829. 3. Theologia Dogmatica, Phila, 1839-
40, 4 vols. 8vo. In Latin. 4.
4. Theologia Moralis, 1841-
42-43, 3 vols. 8vo. In Latin. 5. Letters on the Primacy
of the Holy See and the Authority of General Councils,
1837. Addressed to Bishop Hopkins of Vermont, and in-
tended as an answer to some strictures of his on the doc-
trines of the R. Catholic Church. 6. Catholic Doctrine
on Justification Explained and Vindicated, 1841, 12mno.
7. Treatise on Baptism, N. York, 1843, 12mo. S. The
Primacy of the Apostolic See Vindicated, 1845. Consist-
ing of No. 5, with addits. Trans. into German, 1852.
9. Trans. into English of the Four Gospels from the
Latin Vulgate, 1849, Svo. See Brownson's Quar. Rev.,
2d ser., iii. 409.
iii. 409. 10. Do. of the Acts of the Apostles, the
Epistles, and the Apocalypse, 1851, 8vo. 11. Concilia |
Provincialia Baltimori habita ab anno 1829 usque ad
annum 1849, Baltimori, 1851. 12. A Vindication of the
Catholic Church, &c., 1855, 12mo: see HOPKINS, JOHN
HENRY, D.D., No. 9. Since the above was prepared for
the press, a new edit. of the Theologia Dogmatica has
been announced, and is now (1857) being printed by M.
Dessain, Malines, Belgium: it will also be issued (simul-
taneously with its publication abroad) by Messrs. J. Mur-
phy & Co. of Baltimore. The new edit. will contain, among
other additions, a Catalogue of the Fathers and Ecclesias-
tical Writers, with an accurate description of their genuine
works as distinguished from others that have passed under
their names. This edit., which will be in 3 vols. Svo, will
appear under the especial sanction of the Cardinal Arch-
bishop of Malines, who has expressed a very favourable
opinion of the work.
"Another very valuable contribution to the exact knowledge of
ancient history, already enriched by his two volumes on Egypt
under the Pharaohs, and by his admirable and philosophical Essay
on Primeval History."-Lon. National Review.
Kenrick, John. Serm., 1814.
Kenrick, John, a son of the late Rev. Timothy
Kenrick, (post,) was classical tutor in the College of York
until 1840, since which he has been Professor of History
in the New College of Manchester. 1. Trans. of Zumpt's
Latin Grammar; 5th ed., Lon., 1839, 8vo. 2. Abridgt. of
do., 1839, 12mo. 3. Exercises on Latin Syntax; new ed.,
1838, 8vo; adapted to No. 1. 4. Key to No. 3; 5th ed.,
1842, 8vo. A review of Zumpt's Latin Grammar, by Pro-
fessor Thomas Hewitt Key, will be found in No. 1 of the
Journal of Education, pub. by the Society for the Diffu-
sion of Useful Knowledge. 5. Greek Exercises, Pts. 1
and 2; 3d ed., 1839, each 12mo. A Key to each Pt. 6.
Index to Quotations in Matthiæ's Greek Grammar; 2d ed.,
1841, 8vo. 7. Essay on Primeval History, 1846, p. 8vo.
8. Ancient Egypt under the Pharaohs, Lon., 1850, 2 vols. i
1922
"The character of the work is great plainness; the corrections
and comments are in the true style of criticism."-Lon. Month.
Review.
See Memoirs prefixed to this work, and Murch's Pres-
byterian Churches.
Kenrick, William, LL.D., d. 1779, a critic of equal
ability, impudence, and literary ferocity, was for a long
time-first in the Monthly and subsequently in the London
Review-the terror of the new scribes, and the object of dis-
gust to the old authors, of his own day. Goldsmith, Aken-
side, Johnson, Colman, Boswell, Garrick, and a host of
others, were in turn made to suffer for having gained that
popularity or notoriety which the public denied to him.
We have already had something to say of this "Literary
Ishmaelite" in our lives of Goldsmith (see p. 689) and Dr.
Johnson, (see p. 976,) and have little to add in this place.
His productions-consisting of poems, poetical epistles,
philosophical and philological speculations, comedies, let-
ters, &c., pub. from 1751 to 1773-are now forgotten, save
in connexion with the better men whom he attacked'; nor
would the world be much benefited by a revival of this
lost knowledge. But those who desire to explore further
may consult the Monthly Review and (Kenrick's own child)
the London Review; Gent. Mag.; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.;
Boswell's Life of Johnson, and other literary records of
the day, and the Encyc. Brit. His most ambitious publi-
cation was A New Dictionary of the English Language:
to which is prefixed a Rhetorical Grammar, Lon., 1773,
4to. The Rhetorical Grammar was also pub. separately
in 1784, Svo.
"After him, [Elphinstone-Principles of the English Language,]
Dr. Kenrick contributed a portion of improvement, by his Rhetori
cal Dictionary; but he has rendered his Dictionary extremely im
perfect, by entirely omitting a great number of words of doubtful
and difficult pronunciation,—those very words for which a Diction-
ary of this kind would naturally be consulted.”—Pref. to Walker's
Dictionary, 1st ed., Lon., 1791, ito.
Dr. Noah Webster thus comments on the above criticism:
"Let it be noted that the same objection lies in full force against
Sheridan, Walker, and Jones."-Pref. to Webster's Dictionary, Ixi.,
Springfield, 1852, 4to.
"Dr. Kenrick," says Disraeli, “was a man of talents, who ran a
race with the press, could criticize all the genius of the age faster
than it was produced, could make his own malignity look like wit,
and turn the wit of others into absurdity by placing it topsy-turvy.
The turn of his criticism, the airiness or the asperity of his
sarcasm, the arrogance with which he treated some of our great
authors, would prove very amusing, and serve to display a certain
talent of criticism."-Culamities of Authors, ed. Lon.. 1840, 108.
Washington Irving-referring to Kenrick's attack upon
Goldsmith's Inquiry into the Present State of Polite Learn-
ing in Europe-remarks,
"It may be well, however, in passing, to bestow our mite of no-
toriety upon the miscreant who launched the slander. He deserves
it for a long course of dastardly and venomous attacks, not merely
upon Goldsmith, but upon most of the successful authore of the
day.”—Life of Goldsmith, ed. N. York, 1855, 125.
Mr. Macaulay takes care to introduce Kenrick into one
of his piquant Newgate Calendars:
"There was no want of low minds and bad hearts in the genera-
There was the envious Kenrick and the savage Wolcott, the asp
tion which witnessed her [Madame D'Arblay's] first appearance.
George Steevens, and the polecat John Williams."-Crit. and Hist.
Essays, Lon., 1854, iii. 308.
Let us see what the gruff Johnson thought of his as-
sailant:
a
"Though he [Kenrick] certainly was not without considerable
merit, he wrote with so little regard to decency, and principles, and
decorum, and in so hasty a manner, that his reputation was neither
nor lasting. remember one evening, when some of his
works were mentioned, Dr. Goldsmith said he had never heard of
them; upon which Dr. Johnson observed, 'Sir, he is one of the
KEN
KEN
many wh. have made themselves public without making themselves
known."--Boswell's Life of Johnson, ed. Lon., 1848, 171.
Yet, after all the abuse which has been for three gene-
rations so profusely lavished upon Kenrick, he was, ac-
cording to Johnson's own principles, a great benefactor to
the unthankful authors whom he so ruthlessly impaled.
It was, indeed, in reference to this very critic that Boswell
tells us
"He [Johnson] remarked that attacks on authors did them much
service. A man who tells me my play is very bad is less my
enemy than he who lets it die in silence. A man whose business
it is to be talked of is much helped by being attacked.""-Ubi supra,
358.
J
We did not intend to make this article so long, but no-
thing is more natural than that an author who expects
soon to place a huge Dictionary before the Argus-eyes
of the critics, and who anticipates a large share of the
belligerent philanthropy so warmly extolled by Dr. John-
Bon, should quote the lexicographer's encouraging dictum.
Kenroy, Rev. Henry. Copper Springs in Wicklow,
Ireland; Phil. Trans., 1751.
Kent, Abraham. 1. Letter to the Bp. of Winton,
Oxf., 1769, 4to. 2. The Appeal, 1772. 8vo.
Kent, Adolphus. Babylon, Bath, s. a., 12mo.
Kent, Elizabeth Talbot, Second Countess of, d.
1651. Manuall of Secrets in Physick and Chirurgery,
1653; 1656; 12th ed., 1659, 12mo. See Park's Walpole's
R. and N. Authors, iii. 44.
"In his decisions we can everywhere trace the happy use of that
marvellous system of doctrines which Justinian collected with so
much care, and which stands unrivalled in the world for its general
equity and nice adaptation to the necessities of mankind. . . . Let
those who now doubt the importance of the study of the civil law
by common lawyers read diligently the opinions of Mr. Chancellor
Kent, and they will find all the objections raised by indolence, and
ignorance, and prejudice, practically refuted, and the civil law tri-
umphantly sustained. They will perceive the vivid light which it
casts on the paths of juridical science; and they will be instructed
and cheered in the pursuit, though they may not hope to move in
the brilliant career of such a judge with equal footsteps. . . . As
to the chancery decisions of Mr. Chancellor Kent, they are as full
of learning, and pains-taking research, and vivid discrimination, as
those of any man that ever sat on the English woolsack.”—Judge
STORY: Miscell. Writings, Bost.. 1852, 150, 178; originally pub. in
N. Amer. Rev., xi. 141-166. July, 1820.
Read this article, which contains a truly eloquent sum-
mary of the judicial character of Chancellor Kent. The
latter expressed his acknowledgments to the writer in a
letter dated August 7, 1820, which will be found in Story's
Life and Letters, i. 377. In the words of another jurist,
Kent's decisions are
"more signally entitled to respect than those of any English chan-
cellor since the American Revolution, with the single exception,
perhaps, of Lord Eldon."-JUDGE GIBSON: 3 Ravle. 139.
I do not scruple to affirm that they form a series of unequalled
excellence, and to the Equity lawyer of inestimable value: they are
the most precious treasure his library contains. None who reflect
on the nature and amount of instruction that these volumes supply,
and on the method and style in which that instruction is conveyed,
no series of Reports in England, or in the United States, that, in
these distinctive proofs of a superior and permanent value, resemble
or approach them."-JUDGE JOHN DUER: A Discourse on the Life,
Character, and Public Services of James Kent, N. York, 1848, 60.
..
Kent, James, LL.D., July 31, 1763-Dec. 12, 1847,
one of the most eminent of modern jurists, a native of
Fredericks, Putnam county, New York, graduated at Yale
College, 1781; commenced the practice of the law, 1785;
elected a member of the New York State Assembly, 1790
and '92; Professor of Law at Columbia College in the
city of New York, 1793-98; Master in Chancery, 1796;
elected a member of the legislature from the city of New
York, 1796; Recorder of the city, 1797; Puisne-Judge of
the Supreme Court of New York, Feb. 6, 1798; Chief-
Justice of the same court, July 2, 1804-Feb. 25, 1814;
Chancellor of New York, Feb. 25, 1814-July 31, 1823.
On becoming a judge, Mr. Kent returned to Poughkeepsie, if able to make the comparison, will refuse to admit that there is
(where he had commenced the study of the law;) but in
the following year he removed to Albany, where he con-
tinued to reside until 1823. Having at this date attained
his sixtieth year, though in the very prime of intellectual
(and in his case physical) life, he was obliged, by the most
absurd provision of the Constitution of his State, to relin-
quish his office, and yield to some successor who, if he had
the disadvantage of less wisdom and learning, had the
redeeming merit of fewer years. We all remember Mr.
Pitt's (or rather Dr. Johnson's) admission of the "atrocious
crime of being a young man:" Chancellor Kent was
obliged to plead guilty to the imputed criminality of
having attained middle-age! But finding nature stronger
than legislative enactments, and his euthanasia not has-
tened by the edict of senators, he added to his turpitude
by living twenty-four years of mental and physical vigour
and professional activity, and composing four volumes of
immortal Commentaries. About twenty years after the
Burial-Service of the New York Statute-Book had been
read over the late chancellor, he writes to Mr. Webster,
• His decisions must forever remain a monument of judicial wis-
dom, learning, and eloquence, without superiour in those of any
country or any age."-Hoffman's Leg. Stu.. 1836, 168.
"His researches on every point were so full as to leave little or
nothing to be supplied by those who might afterwards wish to have
his decisions reëxamined or to test the correctness of his conc¹n-
sions. . . . His judicial opinions are uncommonly interesting ad
instructive to all, but especially to those who have commenced the
study of the law and aspire to eminence in that profession.”—
WILLIAM JOHNSON, Reporter: Life of Chancellor Kent, in the Na-
tional Portrait-Gallery of Distinguished Americans, 1852, vol. in.
We may indeed claim for Chancellor Kent the honour
of having erected the New York Court of Chancery. Judge
Duer, after an exposition of the imp.rfect character of
that court before 1814, continues:
"It is therefore not extravagant to say that, although, when he
was appointed to the office of Chancellor, a Court of Chancery
existed, yet a Court of Equity, in the true sense and full signifi-
cance of the term, was still to be created; and it was his peculiar
glory that by his genius, his energy, and his labours during the
nine years that he acted as Chancellor, this necessary Court, in all
the amplitude of its just dimensions, was created.”—Discourse, de,
55.
Kent, George. Trial of Wm. Sawyer, 1815.
Kent, James, 1700-1776, an eminent English com-
poser of Church-music. 1. Twelve Anthems, 1773. 2.
Morning and Evening Services, and Eight Anthems
posth., pub. by Mr. Corfe. Some of his Anthems will be
found in Page's Harmonia Sacra.
ten Lectures of the Professor of Law in Columbia College;
in 1828, an Anniversary Discourse before the New Yor?
Historical Society; in 1831, an Address before the Phi Beta
Kappa Society at Yale College; and in 1836, one before
the Law Association of New York. In 1840, he drew up a
Course of Reading for the benefit of the Mercantile Library
Association of New York,-a useful little manual, of which
a new ed., (if we should not, indeed, say a new work.)
with additions by Charles King, LL.D., President of Co-
lumbia College, and Henry A. Oakley, editor, was pub.
in 1853. A portion of his decisions as Chancellor-the
cases and opinions selected by himself-will be found in
the seven vols. of Johnson's Chancery Reports, 1814-23,
already noticed: see Jonsson, WILLIAM, No. 3, p. 982.
The character of these decisions is too well known to re-
quire any commendation in this place,-especially from a
laic; but a few lines of eulogy indited by eminent jurists
will not be deemed impertinent:
"I am indeed in my eightieth year, but, thank God. I am won-
derfully well and active, and my ardour for reading, and my sus-
ceptibilities, are, I think, as alive as ever to the charms of nature,
of literature and society. . My reading is regular and constant;
all the reports of law-decisions as fast as I can procure them, all the
periodicals, foreign and domestic, and old literature and new books,
are steadily turned over."—New York, Dec. 12, 1842; Private Cor-
respondence of Daniel Webster, Bost., 1857, ii. 161.
What obstinate vitality!
"It required such a man. with such a mind, at once liberal, com-
prehensive, exact, and methodical, always reverencing authorities
and bound by decisions, true to the spirit, yet more to the letter,
of the law, pursuing principles with a severe and scrupulous logic,
yet blending with them the most persuasive equity.—it required
such a man, with such a mind, to unfold the doctrines of chancery
in our country, and to settle them upon immovable foundations."
-JUDGE STORY: Miscell. Writings, 1852, 150, and in N. Amer. Rev.,
xi. 142, July, 1820.
In 1823, he again took up his residence in the city of
New York, and consented to reassume the duties connected
with the Law Professorship of Columbia College. The For other opinions upon Kent's Decisions, consult the
Lectures delivered by him in 1824 were, as may readily authorities at conclusion of article JOHNSON, WILLIAM,
be supposed, upon a more comprehensive plan than those (the Reporter.) p. 982. Kent's Commentaries upon Ame-
which had introduced him to the students who attended|rican Law (dedicated to William Johnson, the Reporter)
his first instructions in the lore of the bench and the forum.
were pub., vol. i., 1826; ii., 1827; iii., 1828; iv., 1830;
Of these last, the Introductory was pub. by the trustees, 2d ed., carefully revised and greatly enlarged, 1832, 4 vols.
and in 1795 the lecturer pub. in a small vol. (Disserta- The 6th ed. was the last revised by the author shortly
tions, &c.) three others delivered as preliminary to his before his death. The 7th ed. (1852, 4 vols.) and the Sth
Course. He also edited, in conjunction with Mr. Radcliffe, | ed. (1854) were edited by the author's son, William Kent,
The Revised Laws of the State of New York, 1802, 2 vols. and the friend of the latter, Dorman Bridgman Eaton.
Svo, (continued by Messrs. C. & G. Webster, in four sup. We presume that a new ed. will be required within a year or
plemental vols.,) pub., in 1824, A Summary of the first two from the date at which we are writing (1857.) It is said
1023
KEN
ΚΕΝ
parts of your Commentaries in the last edition with more care than
had previously done. You have everywhere improved the text
by your additions, and infused into it the new and fresh resources
of your daily-augmenting learning. I rejoice to find also that in
America the various merits of this admirable work are now unl
inversally and familiarly established. Abroad also it is acquiring a
solid and imposing character: and I find, from incidental notices of
it here and there in legal publications in England, that it receives
a just and liberal praise. This is as it should be, for England is
deeply interested in cultivating a thorough knowledge of American
jurisprudence, and it would betray a lamentable want of profes-
sional ambition not to master a work which has become our first
juridical classic."―Ubi supra, xi. 219.
·
These Commentaries i:avo already acquired the reputation of a
juridical classic, and have placed their author in the first rank in
the benefactors of the profession. They embody the principles of
Law in pages as attractive by the persuasive eloquence of their
style as they are instructive by the fulness and accuracy of their
learning."-STORY: On the Conflict of Laws; Dedication.
See also Story's Eq. Jur., 6th ed., 1853, i. 65, n.
"It is the character of the Commentaries as a national work, and
their masterly execution as such, that have stamped upon them a
peculiar value. It is to these causes that the extent of the influ-
ence which they rapidly acquired and now exert on the jurispru
. It
dence, not of a single State, but of all, must be ascribed.
is now in the hands of every student and of every practitioner of
the law, and it ought to be in the hands of every legislator and
statesman, and indeed of every man of cultivated mind and liberal
studies." JUDGE DUER: Discourse, dc., 76, 79.
In the last sentiment expressed by Judge Duer--the ad-
vantage of legal learning to laics-we have more than
once in this volume added our lay testimony, and espe-
In this con-
cially in our life of Edward Everett, p. 571.
nexion we beg to recommend to our lay brethren some
excellent remarks upon this subject, originally pub. in the
North American Review, and appended by Mr. Johnson
(Reporter) to his life of Chancellor Kent, in the National
Portrait-Gallery, 1852, vol. ii. Who will not coincide with
Mr. Johnson's remarks on the Commentaries?
that there were sold to the year 1853, edits. 1-7 inclusive,
21,000 sets, or 84,000 vols., at a profit to the author and
his heirs of $120,000.
In 1839 was pub. J. Eastman Johnson's Analytical
Abridgments of Kent's Commentaries, N. York, Svo;
1810, 8vo, the 2d ed. (a 3d has since appeared) of The
Most Important Part of Kent's Commentaries on Ameri-
can Law, reduced to Questions and Answers, and in 1837,
Edin., 8vo, a republication of part of the Commentaries,
under the title of A Treatise on Commercial and Maritime
Law. We do not feel willing to conclude this article, long
as it is, without the citation of some English and Ameri-
can eulogiums upon the invaluable Commentaries on
American Law.
ENGLISH OPINIONS ON THE COMMENTARIES:
"They may be recommended to the English law-student of the
present day as a substitute for Blackstone. They contain not only
a clear statement of the English law, with all the alterations that
have taken place since the time of Blackstone, but a full account
of the main principles of Equity, (a topic on which the English
commentator is confessedly deficient:) also a review of the modifi-
cations engrafted on the English law by the different States of the
Union, and, on all important questions, an instructive parallel
between the English, American, Modern Continental, and Civil
Laws."-Johnes's Chancery Reform, 22, n.
"They are fine examples of lucid and manly reasoning, and the
style in which they are written is perspicuous and forcible. From
the nature of the work, Chancellor Kent was only able to devote a
small portion of his treatise to the Law of Nations; but their brevity
is the only thing that is objectionable in these lectures, for all that
the author does give us is valuable."-Manning's Law of Nat., 44.
"We have never in any English work met with a more full and
satisfactory account of the rights and liabilities of infants than is
contained in the work before us. Before quitting this book we wish
to say a few words as to its style, and of this we can scarcely speak
in terms of sufficiently warm commendation. It is easy, clear, vi-
gorous, and unaffected."-PROF. WHITESIDE: Lect. before the Dublin
Law Institute.
"We have learned the respect that is due to Professor Kent, the
late Chancellor of the State of New York, author of the Commen-
taries on American Law, a name probably not inferior, as a legal
writer, to any of the present day."-Robertson on Personal Suc-
cession, 76, n.
See Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 438.
"We shall conclude with the following judicious and accurate
estimate of the Civil Law contained in the Commentaries of Chan-
cellor Kent, to whom we have been so frequently indebted during
the course of this work."-Warren's Introduc. to Law Studies, 2d
ed., Lon., 1845, 864.
Mr. Warren adds in a note, after referring to the "mas-
terly and elaborate account of the Civil Law" in the forty-
fourth chapter of Gibbon's Decline and Fall,
"Chancellor Kent gives also a very able sketch of the Civil Law in
the twenty-third Lecture, which concludes the first volume of his
Commentaries, and from which has been taken the foregoing
extract."
See also pp. 2, 5, 8, 298, 402, 467, 531, 573, 661, 688,
776, 821, 840, 864, 866; Warren's Duties of Attornies and
Solicitors, 2d ed., 1851. 164-168; Smith's Mercantile Law,
Introd. 7; Lord Brougham's Polit. Philos., Pt. 3, 340; 2d
ed., 1849, 1 Leg. Rep., 121.
"It will be a proud distinction to Kent and Story that they have
done more than any other men to put an end to the indifference of
English lawyers to the learning of their American brethren. Story,
mentioning the praises given to Kent's Commentaries in some
English legal publications, adds, "This is as it should be; for Eng
land is deeply interested in cultivating a thorough knowledge of
American Jurisprudence; and it would betray a lamentable want
of professional ambition not to master a work which has become
our first juridical classic,'-the American Blackstone, or something
more.”—Edin. Rev., xcvi. 340; Review of Life and Letters of Mr.
Justice Story.
"Lord Campbell, speaking of American as compared with English
jurists, says, I really hardly know any name which we can so
much boast of as the Americans may of that of Professor Story and
Chancellor Kent, and others of very great distinction.”—H. H. Joy's
Letters on Legal Education.
"I have studied Chancellor Kent's Commentaries," remarked the
present Emperor of Franco, "think highly of them, and regard
him as the first of your jurists. I would be glad to know him
personally."
See our life of Washington Irving in this Dictionary,
p. 944.
AMERICAN OPINIONS ON THE COMMENTARIES.
No one hailed the appearance of this work with more
delight than the eminent jurist from whom we have already
inore than once had occasion to quote:
"The work is but a new proof of your accurate learning, exten-
sive research, and unwearied diligence. It does honour to your
talents and public spirit, and I am persuaded that it will give a per-
manent increase to your reputation. It will become an American
text-book, and range on the same shelf with the classical work of
Blackstore in all our libraries. If one were tempted to envy you
any thing, it would be this proud distinction."-Letter to James
Kent, Salem, Dec. 15, 1827; Story's Life and Letters, 1851, i. 526.
Nine years later (Oct. 15, 1836) Judge Story remarks,
in a letter to the author,
"ince I last wrote you, I have found time to examine various
•
"In the full maturity of his understanding, with a min? long
habituated to legal investigations and researches, and with sound
and enlightened views of jurisprudence, no man, perhaps, could
have been found better fitted than Chancellor Kent to execute such
a work, and it may diminish in some degree the regret felt for
the loss sustained by the pubiic and the legal profession in being
deprived of his valuable services on the bench, to know how usefully
to the world and honourably to himself he employed his time and
talents in its performance."-Ubi supra.
In the page from which we have just quoted, Mr.
Johnson draws a brief comparison between the Commen-
taries of Blackstone and those of Kent, and a fuller ono
will be found in Judge Duer's Discourse, &c., 76-79. And
see quotation below. Doubtless all enlightened jurists-
unless, indeed, we are to except Mr. Austin and some of
his pupils as regards the reference to Blackstone-will
endorse the dictum of Judge Sharswood:
/
"Blackstone and Kent should be read, and read, again and again.
•
. . These elementary works, with some others of an immediately
practical cast,-Tidd's Practice, Stephen's Pleading, Greenleaf's Evi-
dence, Leigh's Nisi Prius, Mitford's Equity Pleading,-well conned,
make up the best part of office-pleading."-Profess. Ethics, Append.,
119, 1855.
Mr. Hoffman, in his notice of one of the early edits. of
the Commentaries, after praising "the deep research, the
classical embellishments, the apt illustrations, and the
clear and manly style, which characterize every portion
of this able work," proceeds to point out some defects,
("if they be defects,") which, however, he remarks, "are
trivial and easily remedied."-Leg. Stu., 166-168; vide
also Note 2 on Title IV.
"England has only furnished one Blackstone, and the American
rival equals him in classic purity and elegance of style, and sur-
passes him in extent and copiousness of learning. What do Sir
William Blackstone's Commentaries contain of Equity Jurispru
dence, of the Law of Nations, and the several titles of Commercial
Law, which are discussed with such richness and accuracy by
Chancellor Kent? Scarcely nothing: and a comparison of other
titles in the two works shows the American author to have sur-
passed his rival in comprehensiveness of research and fulness of
illustration, and to have equalled him in clearness and cogency of
reasoning."-Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 438.
Pick., 310; 1 Angel's Law Intel., 9, ii. 231; 24 N. Amer.
See also Lieber's Leg. and Polit. Hermeneutics, 221; 6
Rev., 345, (by W. Phillips ;) 2 U. S. Rev. and Lit. Gaz., 91;
24 Amer. Jur., 102, xxv. 114; 3 Law Rep., 402, vi. 289;
Amer. Quar. Rev., 162; 2 South. Rev., 72; 6 U. S. Lit.
Gaz., 81.
We may remark, in conclusion, that the value of Kent's
Commentaries as a library-book of reference for the his-
torical student, or general reader, who seeks for a solu-
tion of difficulties occurring in the course of literary in-
For instance: the
vestigations, is hardly to be overrated.
eloquent historian of the Conquest of Mexico, after briefly
noticing the various theories of the right of title to terri
tory, sends the reader for further information on this knotty
point to those who may be presumed to speak ex cathedra
upon matters peculiarly pertaining to their profession :
1024
KEN
KEP
"For a brief view of the discussion, see Vattel, (Droit des Gens,
sec. 209,) and especially Kent, (Commentaries on American Law,
vol. iii. lec. 51,) where it is handled with much perspicuity and clo-
quence." -Hist. of the Conq, of Mexico, 23d ed., Bost., 1855, 33, n.
We have already, in the course of this article, indicated
those sources to which the reader may profitably refer who
desires to linger a few moments more (whilst we necessa-
rily pass to the discharge of other biographical duties)
on the character of this distinguished jurist, useful citi-
zen, and excellent man. We may add to our list of refer-
ences, Life and Letters of Judge Story, i. 144-145, 156,
232, 425, ii. 97, 312; Works of Daniel Webster, 8th ed.,
1854, i. 214; Webster's Private Correspondence, i. 287, ii.
160-162; N. York Church Rev., i. 104. It is understood
that Mr. William Kent is now (1857) engaged upon a bio-
graphy of his late eminent father. When completed it
will be a fit companion of the Life of the late Judge Story,
also written by his son, and both will be treasured as heir
looms by the future sons of America, when "all of us
who now live shall be mute, and most of us forgotten."
That at least we may not prove entirely useless to the
day and generation in which our lot is cast, let us strive
to emulate the noble example of him of whom his friend
:
could say,
Gadg
"For myself, when his character, as developed in the narrative
that has now been given, rises before me, in all its integrity and
truth, its nobleness and purity, and when I reflect on the mag-
nitude of his labors and upon their vast and most beneficial re-
sults,-I feel emboldened to say-and I feel assured of your sympathy
in saying-that, great as our country is in all the elements of a just
renown, and illustrious as its annals have become by the labors
and by the exploits of statesmen and of heroes, it may yet be
doubted whether, hitherto, it has produced a man more worthy of
its entire veneration, gratitude, and love, than him whose services
to his country and to his race we are this day met to commemorate.
"Regio."
"Rebus opima bonis, multa munita virum vi,
Nil tamen hoc habuisse viro præclarius in se,
Nec sanctum magis, et mirum carumque videtur."
Judge Duer's Discourse on the Life, Character, and Public Services
of James Kent, 84. ·
Kent, Nathaniel. 1. Hints to Gentlemen of Landed
Property, Lon., 1774, Svo. 2. Agricult. of Norfolk, Norw.,
1796, Svo.
"One of the best that is issued from the Board of Agriculture."
—Donaldson's Agricult. Bing.
3. Improvements on Windsor Farm; Nic. Jour., 1799.
Kent, Samuel. 1. Grammar of Heraldry, Lon.,
1716, 'IS, Svo. 2. Abridgt. of Guillim's Heraldry, 1726,
vols. 8vo.
Kent, William, 1685-1748, a painter, architect, and
designer in gardening, a native of Yorkshire. Designs of
Inigo Jones, with addits., Lon., 1727, fol. See Walpole's
Anecdotes, and his Essay on Gardening; Bowles's ed. of
Pope's Works.
Kent, William. Con. to Trans. Hort. Soc., 1817, '18.
Kentish, Edward, M.D. Med. works, 1797-1814.
Kentish, John, a Socinian minister of Birmingham,
pub. three treatises in defence of his tenets, Lon., 1794,
'96, 1802, and ten serms., 1803-14.
►
Kentish, Richard, M.D. Med. treatises, 1785-87.
Kentish, Thomas. Narrative rel. to T. Tullie, 1661.
Kenton, James. Death; a Poem, Lon., 1781, 4to.
Kenwrick, George. Serms., 1721, 29, both Svo.
Kenyon, Arthur. Letters from Spain to his Ne-
phews at Home, Lon., 1854, sq.
Kenyon, George, Lord, Baron of Gredington.
Observ. on the R. Catholic Question, Lon., 1810, Svo.
Kenyon, Lloyd, Lord, 1733-1802, a native of Cre-
diton, Master of the Rolls, 1784-SS; Chief-Justice of
the King's Bench, 1788-1802. Reports of Cases in K. B.,
&c.: see HANMER, J. W. Respecting his lordship, see A
Sketch of the Life and Character of Lord Kenyon, Lon.,
1802, Svo; Lord Campbell's Lives of the Chief-Justices
of England, vol. iii. 1857; Brydges's Peerage; Lon. Gent.
Mag., vol. lxxii.; Lord Brougham's Contrib. to Edin. Rev.,
Lon. and Glasg., 1856, i. 374.
"Lord Kenyon was an honest, intelligent, and learned magistrate;
but from habit and education, and perhaps original cast of mind,
he does not seem to have entered into the true spirit of commercial
jurisprudence. He took no comprehensive principles in his range,
and contented himself by administering the maritime law as he
found it, without any ambition to extend its boundaries.”—JUDGE
JOSEPH STORY: Growth of the Commercial Law; Miscell. Writings,
Bost.. 1852, 276; and in N. Amer. Rev., xx. 59, Jan. 1825.
Keogh. Botanologia Universalis Hibernica, Corke,
21735, 4to.
Kenyon, John, d. Dec. 1856, in his seventy-third year,
at Cowes, in the Isle of Wight, was born in the island of
Jamaica, W.I., and was educated at the Charter House,
London, and at Peter House, Cambridge. 1. Rhymed Plea
for Tolerance, in two Dialogues, with a Prefatory Dialogue,
Lon., 1833, 16mo. 2. Poems, for the most part occasional,
1838, p. Svo.
• •
"There is an unusual charm in Mr. Kenyon's versification.
He has read Nature with his own eyes, but through the beautiful
medium of a highly-cultivated mind.”—WILLIAM II. PRESCOTT: N.
Amer. Rev., xlviii. 412, April, 1839, q. v.
:
3. A Day at Tivoli; with other Verses, 1849, p. 8vo.
"Mr. Kenyon is a disciple in that good old school, (Boileau, Ra-
cine] Unsparing of the limae labor, he does his best to put as much
concentrated meaning as possible into the fewest possible melodious
verses; and on the shelf which holds Cowper, Rogers, Crabbe, may
be found a corner for his third poetical volume, as for his first and
second. It deals, as they did, with the same mixed region of the
familiar and imaginative, throws the hues of fancy over the plain-
est lessons of experience, and expresses the elevation of poetry in
the language of real life."-Ln. Examiner.
I
Mr. Kenyon was a man of large fortune, and not only
"devised liberal things," but during his life aided the
straitened sons of song who were afflicted by the res an-
gusta domi. But, like Samson of old, he probably destroyed
more of the Philistines (anxiety, despondency, and care)
in his death than he had done in his life. Eighty legatees
mourned their friend and blessed their benefactor with the
same breath. Among those so kindly remembered were
his cousin Elizabeth Barrett Browning, (£4000.) her bus-
band, Robert Browning, (£6500,) Barry Cornwall, (£6500,)
and Dr. Henry Southey, (£8000.)
but I have a suspicion that among the many who call themselves
pocts there are very few indeed who can."-Ubi supra.
!
66
Kenyon will be missed and remembered as a man of graceful and
By the inner world of English poets and London society Mr.
genial mind, who had been the intimate and helpful friend of Words
worth. Coleridge, and Southey, who delighted in the exercise of
hospitality, and whose munificence was as wide as it was delicately
administered.”—Lon. Athenæum, Dec. 6. 1856, 1499.
A biographical sketch of John Kenyon will be found in
the Lon. Gent. Mag., March, 1857, 309–315.
Keogh, Cornelius. The Veto, Lon., 1810, Svo.
Keogh, John. Speech, 1807, Svo.
Keon, Miles Gerard. Harding, the Money-Spin-
ner, N. York, 1857.
Medela Pestilentiæ, Lon.,
Keppel, Frederick, d. 1777, Canon of Windsor,
1754; Archdeacon, Preb., and Bishop of Exeter, 1762;
Dean of Windsor, 1766. 1. Serm., Jas. iii. 17, Lon., 1766,
4to. 2. Serm., Matt. xxviii. 19, 1770, 4to.
Keppel, Hon. Major George, R.A., son of Lord
Albemarle. 1. Journey from India to England, by Bus-
sorah, in 1824, &c., Lon.. 1827, 4to; 2d ed.. 1827, 2 vols.
Svo; 3d ed., (Travels in Babylonia, &c.,) 1827, 2 vols. cr
Svo.
Kephale, Richard.
1665, 4to.
"We have not for a long time met with a more unaffected, sen
sible, and agreeable narrative: one of the most entertaining volunies
of modern publication."-Lon. Lit. Gaz.
2. Narrative of a Journey across the Balcan in 1829-
30, 2 vols. Svo, 1831.
"The author of these volumes is an indefatigable traveller and
a most industrious note-taker.”—Lon. Month. Rev., May, 1831, 16–31.
“A work full of information and entertainment.”—Lon. Athen.
"An extremely pleasant contribution to the class of travels."-
Lon. Lit. Gaz.
M.'s Ship Dodo to Borneo; 3d ed., 1847, 2 vols. Svo.
Keppel, Captain Henry, R.N. 1. Exped. of H.
K
"Few readers will take up the book with any anticipation of the
immense variety of chivalrous adventure, thought and knowledge,
here thrown open before them. Seldom have we seen a book of
travels containing so great an amount of novel materials, so fresh
terly Review.
and so thoroughly attractive and exciting."-Lon. Foreign Quar-
2. A Visit to the Indian Archipelago in H.M.S. Mænder,
with Journal of Sir James Brooke, 1853, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d
See BROOKE, SIR JAMES.
Keppel,Joseph. An Incident by Moonlight, 1672, 4to.
Keppel, Hon, and Rev. Thomas. Life of Admiral
Keppel, First Lord of the Admiralty in 1782-83, Lon.,
1842, 2 vols. Sro.
The critic of Blackwood eulogizes Mr. Kenyon's poems,
on the whole, very highly, but remarks,
"There are many pieces of moral meditation in the volume,
which, though good as musical prose, and just in conception, yet lacked., 1853, r. Svo.
the Muse's stamp.”—xliv. 793, Dec. 1838.
Miss Mitford was a great admirer of Mr. Kenyon's
poetry:
**
Now, this verse has to me a singular charm, particularly The
Rhymed Plea for Tolerance, which is so clear, so scholarly, and so
full of strong manly sense."-Recollec. of a Lit. Life.
After quoting the poem of The Shrine of the Virgin,
she remarks,
"I wish more people would write such lucid and melodious verse;
"I ever looked on Lord Keppel. as one of the greatest and best
men of his age, and I loved and cultivated him accordingly. Ile
was much in my heart, and I believe I was in his to the very last
beat.' "-EDMUND BURKE: Letter to a Noble Lord; Burke's Works,
1852, v. 245.
65
1025
KER
KET
"This is by far the most able and important specimen of Naval | pub. at £10 148., and Stevenson's vol. (pub. in 1824) at 142,
Biography that } as appeared for a long time.”—Naval and Military | The whole can now be had for about £3 108. in calf.
Guzette.
Kerr, Robert. New Leafe Discourses on Fine Art of
Architecture, Lon., 1848, 12mo.
Ker, Anne. Novels, Lon., 1797-1814, &c.
Ker, George. Conspiracie of Papistes, Lon., 1603, 4to.
Ker, H. Bellenden. Report on the Law of Part-
nership, printed by H. of C., Lon., 1837, fol.
"The Report and the evidence annexed to it embody much valu-
able information with respect to the law and constitution of part-
nerships.”—McCulloch's Lit, of Polit. Econ., 1845, 130.
Ker, John. Travels in the U. States, Elizabeth, 1818,
8vo.
Ker, John, of Dumblane, d. 1741, Prof. of Greek in
King's Coll., Aberdeen, subsequently Prof. of Humanity
in the Univ. of Edinburgh. 1. Selectarum de Lingua
Latina, &c., Lon., 1709, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Quaternæ Epistolæ
ad Bentley, &c., 1713, 8vo. 3. Donaides, &c., Edin., 1725,
4to. 4. Cantici Salomonis; Paraphrasis Gemina, &c.,
1727, 12mo. Very rare. Not noticed by Dr. Mason Good,
nor by Thomas Williams.
&C
This is a very beautiful little work."-Orme's Bibl. Bib., 7. v.
5. Frasercides, &c., Aberd., 1732, 4to.
Ker, of Kersland, John. Memoirs and Secret Ne-
gotiacions, 3 Pts., Lon., 1726, Svo. Castrations of do., 1727.
The second Pt. relates to the affairs of Carolina, Missis-
sippi, and other States of America.
6.
This work was printed by that 'sad dog' Edmund Curll; and for
publishing which he was pilloried. See this matter very fully elu-
cidated, in some most admirable Notes on E. Curll,' which are now
being published in 'Notes and Queries'" (1857.)
Ker, John Bellenden. Essay on the Archæology
of our Popular Phrases, Terms, and Nursery Rhymes,
Andover, Eng., 1840, 2 vols. 12mo. Supp., 1840, 12mo.
A work which has met with great abuse among the reviewers;
but those who are fond of philological pursuits will read it now it is
to be had at so very moderate a price, [4s..] and it really contains a
good deal of gossiping matter. The author's attempt is to explain
every thing from the Dutch, which he believes was the same lan-
guage as the Anglo Saxon."
Ker, Robert. Theolog. treatises, 1719, &c., both 12mo.
Ker, William. French Grammar, Edin., 1729, Svo.
Kerby, Jeremiah, M.D. Materia Medica, 1805.
Kerhuel, John. Idea Eloquentiæ, seu Rhetorice,
Lon., 1673, Svo.
Kern, G. M. Practical Landscape-Gardening, Cin.,
1855, 12mo; 3d ed. same year.
"His suggestions are in an eminent degree valuable."-N. York
Horticulturist.
Kernan, Francis.
Francis. Reports of Cases in Ct. of Ap-
peals State of N. York, 1854-56, N. York, 2 vols. 8vo.
Kerney, John, Treasurer of St. Patrick's, trans. into
Irish A Catechism, which was printed with Irish types
before 1577, and is said to have been "the first book printed
in that character."
Kerr, Robert Malcolm, LL.D., Barrister-at-Law.
1. Absconding Debtor's Arrest Act, 1851, Lon., 1852, 12mo.
2. Com. Law Proc. Act, 15th and 16th, 12mo, 1852; 2d
ed., 1853. 3. Action at Law, 12mo, 1854; 2d ed., 1855.
4. New Rules of Prac. in Civ. Act, 1853, 12mo, 1853. 5.
Com. Law Proc. Act, 1854, 12mo; 1855.
•
Mr. Kerr's careful, lucid, and able synopsis of the act."-Lon.
Law Mag.
6. A new ed. of Blackstone's Commentaries on the Laws
of England, adapted to the Present State of the Law, 1857,
4 vols. Svo, £2 28.
"The system which the author of the present work has adopted
is, in our opinion, the very best. He has preserved the arrange
ment of his subject made by Blackstone, which, whether the most
scientific or not, is sufficiently good, and is that which is familiar to
us all.... So much for the plan of his adaptation. Of its execu
tion we can speak in terms almost as favourable. . . . The notes are
few and concise; they afford historical, antiquarian, and legal il
lustrations of the text, which are interesting and not oppressive.
We can strongly recommend this edition as a student's book."-
Lon. Atheneum, Mar. 21, 1857, 368.
Kerns, Thomas, M.D., Medical Missionary in Syria.
1. The Moral Government of God Elucidated and En-
forced, Lon., 1841, 12mo.
"We are much pleased with the work."-Ch. of Eng. Mag.
Also commended by the Evangel. Mag. and The Athen.
2. The Arcana of Nature Revealed, 1842, 2 vols. 12mo.
Kerr, Mrs. Alexander. 1. Melodies, Lou., fol. 2.
Trans. of Rauke's Hist. of Servia, &c., 1847, 8vo; 2d ed.,
1818.
|
Kerr, Simon. Scottish Poems, &c., Lon., 1802, 12mo.
Kerr, William. Amputation; Med. Com., 1778.
Kerrich, Thomas, d. 1828, Preb. of Wells, 1812,
pub. some papers on Gothic Architecture in Archæol., and
printed fifty copies of Critical Remarks on Architecture.
Kerrick, Samuel, D.D. Serms., 1736, '49.
Lon., 1780, 4to. 2. Serm., 1781, 4to.
Kerrick, Walter, d. 1803, Canon of Sarum. 1. Serm.,
Kerrison, Robert. Med. works, Lon., 1803-15.
Kersey, Jesse, a Quaker. A Treatise on the Funda-
mental Doctrines of Religion, as professed by the Society
of Friends, Phila., 1814, 12mo; 1815, Svo.
Kersey, John. 1. An ed. of Wingate's Arithmetic
2. Elements of Algebra, Len.,
Natural, Lon., 1650, Svo.
1673-74, 2 vols. fol. Commended by Hutton. 3. Dic-
tionarium Anglo-Britannicum, Svo, 1708, '21. Kersey's
and Skinner's Dictionaries were in Chatterton's possession,
and probably used in his forgeries. See Life of Chatter-
ton in this Dictionary. In Kersey's English Dictionary
will be found many words and phrases used in old records
and statutes.
Kershaw, Arthur.
Walker's Gazetteer, Lon., 1810,
Svo.
Kershaw, James. Essay on the principal parts of
the Book of Job, Stock., 1780, 2 vols. Svo.
Kerton, Henry. Mirror of Life, Lon., 1580, '86, 8vo.
Kertz, J. P. Management of the Teeth, 1810.
Kesham, D. Ireland's Social Condition, Lon., 1853,
Svo.
Kerr, J. Paper in Med. Obs. and Ing., 1778.
Kerr, James. 1. Mahratta State; a trans., Lon.,
1782, 8vo. 2. Gum Lucca Insect; Phil. Trans., 1781.
Kerr, L. Criminal Law, N. Orleans, 1804, 8vo.
Kerr, R. H., D.D. Serm., 1813, Svo.
Kerr, Robert, 1755-1813, a surgeon, the son of James
Kerr, of Edinburgh, pub. some translations of works on
chemistry and natural history from Lavoisier, Berthollet,
Linnæus, La Cepede, and Cuvier, a political pamphlet, and
the following vols., by which he is best known. 1. Statist.,
Agricult. and Polit. Survey of Berwickshire, 1809, 8vo.
A valuable production."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
2. Hist. of Scotland temo. Robert I., Edin., 1811, 2
vols. 8vo. 3. Memoirs of Win. Smellie, Lon., 1811, 2 vols.
8vo. 4. General Hist. and Collection of Voyages and
Travels, arranged in Systematic Order, 1811-24, 18 vols.
8vo. Vol. xviii.-Mr. Stevenson's Hist. Sketch of the Pro-
gress of Discovery, &c., with a bibliographical Catalogue
of Voyages and Travels-is often wanting. We frequently
quote from Stevenson in this Dictionary. Kerr's Collection
is devoted to Voyages and Travels of Discovery. It was
Kesteven, W. B. Manual of the Domestic Practice
of Medicine, Lon., 1856, cr. Svo.
Kethe, William, a Protestant exile temp. Queen
Mary. 1. Serm., Lon., 1571, Svo. 2. His Seeing Glasse,
32mo. 3. A Ballet, Svo.
3. A Ballet, Svo. See Towneley's Cut., Pt. 1, 358;
Herbert's Ames's Typ. Antiq., iii. 563; Warton's Hist. of
Eng. Poet.; Ritson's Bibl. Poet.
Ketley, Joseph. 1. The Atonement; 2d ed., Lon.,
1835, Svo. 2. The Two Liturgies 1549 and 1552, &c.;
Parker Soc. Camb., 1844.
"Will worthily take its place by the side of Ranke's Popes of
Rome, by Mrs. Austin.”—Im. M. Chronicle.
Kerr, David S. Reports of Cases in Supreme Ct. of
New Brunswick, St. John, 1843, 8vo. Able decisions.
See 6 Law Reg., 186.
Keteltas, Abraham, minister of Jamaica, L.I., d.
1798, aged sixty-six, pub. several Discourses.
Kett, Franc., M.D. 1. Man's Glorification, Lon.,
Kerr, George. 1. Circulation of the Blood, 1816, 1585, 4to. 2. Epistle to Diuers Papistes, 1585, 8vo.
12mo. 2. Medical Sketches, 12mo.
Kett, Henry, 1761-1825, a native of Norwich, edu-
cated at and Fellow of Trin. Coll., Camb.; Rector of
Charlton, Gloucestershire. He was drowned whilst bathing
at Stanwell. 1. Serms. at Bampton Lect., 1790, on the
Primitive Christians, Lon., 1791, Svo; 2d ed., 1792, 8vo.
"Contain some just animadversions on Gibbon's insidious mis
representations of the character and conduct of the primitive Chris-
tians."-BISHOP VAN MILDERT.
"These sermons invalidate the sophistry of Gibbon.”—Simpson's
Plea for Religion.
2. Juvenile Poems, Oxf., 1793, 8vo. Suppressed by the
author. 3. History the Interpreter of Prophecy, &c.,
1799, 3 vols. 12mo; 4th ed., 1801, 2 vols. 8vo.
66
A very interesting work, written with elegance and judgment,
and which I recommend to all who are desirous of becoming ac-
quainted with the Prophecies of the Old and New Testament, espe
cially those which relate to the present time."-BISHOP TOMLINE.
Also commended by Bishop Porteus.
4. Elements of General Knowledge, introductory to
useful Books in the Principal Branches of Literature and
Science; with Lists of the Most Approved Authors, in-
cluding the best Editions of the Classics. Designed chiefly
for the Junior Students in the Universities and the higher
V
1026
KET
KID
|
ļ
Classes in Schools, Oxf., 1802, 2 vols. 8vo; Lon., 1802, 8vo;
7th ed., 1809, 2 vols. 8vo. New ed., 1815, 2 vols. 8vo. The
New ed., 1815, 2 vols. 8vo. The
"Lists of Authors," and the whole book, are of compara-
tively little value, on account of the want of an index. When
will all respectable publishers refuse to issue a book which
lacks an index? See AYSCOUGH, SAML. The Elements,
&c. was reviewed by J. Davison, Oxf., 1803–04, 2 Pts. 8vo.
5. Logic made Easy. Lon., 1809, 12mo. 6. Life of JI.
Headley; see HEADLEY, HENRY. 7. Emily, a Moral Tale;
2d ed., Lon., 1810, 2 vols. 12mo. 8. Trans. of Chateau-
briand's Beauties of Christianity, 1812, 3 vols. 8vo.
"Chateaubriand is universally allowed by the French of all parties
to be their first writer.... Few are aware that he is without one
single exception the most eloquent writer of the present age.”—[If
60. we should suppose that many ought to be aware of it.SIR
ARCHIBALD ALISON: Black. Mag., March, 1832, and in his Essays,
1850, iii. L.
Unfortunately, these three grand vols. of Alison's-2060
pages have no Index, (supra.)
9. The Flowers of Wit; or, a choice Collection of Bons
Mots, both Ancient and Modern, with Biog, and Crit. Re-
marks, 1812, 2 vols. 12mo; 1814, 2 vols. 12mo.
Kettle, Robert. Temperance Memorials, Lon., 1854,
12mo; 2d ed., with Memoir by Rev. W. Reed, 1854, 12mo.
Kettlewell, John, 1653–1695, a native of Northaller-
ton, Yorkshire, educated at St. Edmund's Hall, Oxford,
Fellow of Lincoln College, 1675; became Vicar of Coles-
bill, Warwickshire, and was deprived in 1690, in conse-
quence of refusing to take the oaths to William and Mary.
As an author he was best known by his Measures of Chris-
tian Obedience, Lon., 1681, 4to, but he also pub. a number
of other political tracts and some serms. and devotional
treatises, 1683–94. A collective ed. of his Works, with
Life by Dr. Hickes, was pub. in 1719, 2 vols. fol. His
Treatise on The Duty of Moral Rectitude was repub, in
Tracts of Angl. Fathers, iv. 219. Memoirs of his Life,
compiled from the Collections of Dr. George Hickes and
Robert Nelson, Esq., &c., [by Dr. Francis Lee,] appeared
in 1718, 8vo.
Kettell, Samuel, 1800-1855, a native of Newbury-
port, principal editor of the Boston Courier from 1848 until
his decease, and a Representative in the Massachusetts!
Legislature from Boston in 1851 and 1852, is best known
as an author by his Specimens of American Poetry, with
Critical and Biographical Notes, Bost., 1829, 3 vols. 12mo.
A review of this vol., by S. A. Eliot, will be found in the
N. Amer. Rev., xxix. 487-496. Mr. Kettell had a remark-
able facility in learning languages, and held the pen of a
ready writer. He has already been noticed on a preceding
page as a literary assistant of the famous Peter Parley:
see GOODRICH, SAMUEL GRISWOLD.
"He was learned without pride, wise and judicious without cun-
ning" &c.-ROBERT NELSON.
C
There were also some Protestant non-jurors, such as Kettlewell
and Hickes, who resolutely followed the theory of Filmer to all the
extreme consequences to which it led.”—T. B. MACAULAY: Hist. of
Eng., vol. iv., 1856.
"He defended his opinions in several tracts which give a much
higher notion of his sincerity than of his judgment or acuteness."
-Ubi supra, vol iii.
"An excellent man, in whom nothing was stern but this doctrine.
[Non-resistance to rulers.]"-Sir James Mackintosh's Review of the
Causes of the Revolution of 1688: Miscell. Works, Lon., 1854, ii.
169, n.
See also Genl. Dict.; Biog. Brit.; Athen. Oxon.; Birch's
Tillotson.
School in connexion with the Univ. of London, 1833-42;
sole Head Master of the Junior School, and Prof. of Com-
parative Grammar in the Univ. of London, 1842–57, (thə
present date.) Mr. Key is the author of many learned
philological and other papers, pub. in the Journal of
Education, (of the U. K. S.,) the Penny Cyclopædia, &c.,
and a Latin Grammar, Lon., 1843-46, 8vo. His essays
on Terentian Metres, (contrib. to Quar. Jour. of Ed., vol.
ii.,) with some other matters, were repub. in a p. Svo vol.
; in 1844. He has been occupied for about ten years on a
Latin-English Dictionary, which we presume will be given
to the world in due season. See Knight's Eng. Cyc., 1856,
vol. iii. 708-709.
Keyes, or Keys, John. 1. Practical Bee-Master,
Lon.. 1780. Svo: 1814, 12mo. 2. Ancient Bee-Master'a
Farewell, 1796, Svo.
Key. See CAIUS.
Key, Francis Scott, 1779-1843, a native of Frede-
rick county, Maryland, educated at St. John's College,
Annapolis; in 1801, commenced the practice of the law
at Fredericktown, subsequently removed to Washington,
D.C., and became District Attorney of the city. He con-
tinued to reside at Washington for the rest of his life.
He was the author of a number of poems, which have only
been collected, within the last few weeks, Baltimore, 1857,
edited by H. V. D. Johns, of Baltimore. Of these the
best-known is The Star-Spangled Banner, inspired by the
author's position as a prisoner with the British in 1814,
during the bombardment of Fort McHenry, which guards
the entrance to Baltimore. An interesting account, by
Chief-Justice Taney, Mr. Key's brother-in-law, of the cir-
cumstances connected with the composition of this stirring
song, will be found in the preface to the vol. of Key's
poems just noticed. See also McCarty's National Songs,
}
iii. 225.
Key, George. Medical treatises, Lon., 1755, '92.
Key, Thomas Hewitt, b. 1799, in Southwark, Lon-
don, Prof. of Pure Mathematics in the Univ. of Virginia,
1824-27; Prof. of Latin in the Univ. of London, 1828-42:
associate Head-Master (with Mr. Malden) of the Junior
Keyl, E. G. W., Lutheran pastor, Baltimore, M. D.
1. Lutherophilus; pub. in Nos. 2. Katechismus Ausle-
gung aus Dr. Luther's Schriften und den Symbolischen
Büchern. pp. 440.
Keylinge, Sir John, Knt., Lord Chief-Justice of
the Ct. of K. B. A Report of Divers Cases, &c. Seo
HOLT, SIR JonŃ.
Keymis, Capt. Lawrence. A Relation of the
second Voyage to Guiana, Lon.. 1596, 4to. Also in Hak-
luyt's Collection, vol. iii. In Latin, by Gotard Artus,-
Itinerarium Indicum,-Frankf., 1599, fol., &c. See Bliss's
Wood's Athen. Oxon., ii. 230: Lives of Sir Walter Raleigh.
Keymor, John. On the Dutch Fishing about 1601,
Lon., 166, 4to. Repub. in The Phoenix, (1707, 2 vols.
Sro.) i. 222.
Keynes, R. Classical Instruction, 1816, 12mo.
Keysall, John. 1. 2 Serms., 1794, Svo. 2. 1 Serm.,
1813, Svo.
Keys, John. See KEYES.
Keyser, Henry. Law of the Stock Exchange, Lon.,
1850, 12mo,
"This work has been performed in a clear and distinct manner.
No work of a similar kind is in existence.”—Bell's Messenger.
Keyt, William Edward. Serm., 1803, Svo.
Keyts. Voyage to Australia in 1678. See Callander's
Voyages, ii. 519, 1766.
Keyworth, Thomas. 1. Principia Hebraica, Lon.,
1817, Svo. In conjunction with David Jones.
“A very useful work.”—Horne's Bibl. Brit.
"An introduction to the reading of the Hebrew Bible, of dis-
tinguished excellence and utility."-Eclec. Rer., Nov. 1818.
2. The Analytical Part of No. 1, 1825, Svo.
"A much-improved impression of part of the preceding work,
Horne's Bibl. Brit.; and see Eclec. Rev.. N. S., xxv. 139.
separate from the grammar which originally accompanied it."-
3. Sacred Compendium, 12mo. Key to do. 4. Juvenile
Philosopher, 18mo. 5. Daily Expos. of the N. Test., 1825-
28, 2 vols. Svo, £1: also in 24mo, 58.
་
66
<d
Expounded upon the most enlightened principles."
"Brief. sinple, and devout."-Evangel. Mag.
Also commended by Eclec. Rev., Evangel. Reg., and by
the late Alex. Waugh, D.D. 6. Pocket Expos. of the N.
Test., 1834, 18mo; 2d ed., 1835, 18mo. Commended by
Evangel. Mag., Inperial Mag., Baptist Mag., Teachers'
Mag., and Drs. J. Pye Smith and Joseph Fletcher.
Kid. See KYD.
Mag., 131, 499.
An interesting account, by
Kidd, James. 1. Serms. 2. The Trinity, 1815, Svo.
Kidd, John, M.D., 1775-1851, a native of West-
minster, educated at St. Peter's College, Westminster, and
Christ Church, Oxford; Prof. of Chemistry, 1803; Regius
Prof. of Medicine in the Univ. of Oxford, 1822-51; Li-
brarian to the Radcliffe Library, 1834-51. 1. Outlines of
Mineralogy. Oxf., 1809, 2 vols. Svo. A good work, on the
method of Haüy. 2. Geological Essay on the imperfect
evidence in support of a Theory of the Earth, &c., 1815,
Svo. 3. Introduc. Lect. to a Course of Comparative Ana-
tomy illust. of Paley's Natural Theology, 1824, Svo. 4.
On the Adaptation of External Nature to the Physical
Condition of Man, 1833, Svo; 5th ed., 1837, Svo; 6th ed.,
(Bohn's Scientific Lib., No. 21,) 1852, p. Svo. This is one
of the Bridgewater Treatises. and perhaps one of the
most popular of the series. Reviewed in Lon. Month.
Mag., 131, 499. 5. Observs. on Medical Reform, 1841. 6.
Further Observs. on Medical Reform, 1842.
Dr. Kidd also contributed a number of papers to Phil.
Trans., Trans. Geol. Soc.. Nic. Jour., Phil. Mag., &c.
See Lon. Gent. Mag., Nov. 1851, 544.
Kidd, John. The Act 1 & 2 Vict., c. 56, for Relief of
the Destitute Poor in Ireland, Dubl., 1838, 12mo.
Kidd, Rev. R. B. A Delineation of the
Principles of Reasoning. 1856, p. Svo.
Primary
“A healthy, readable production.”—Lon. Athenæum, 1856, £36.
Kidd, Richard Bentley Porson, Vicar of Heigh
1027
KID
KIF
am, Norfolk. Testimonials and authorities rel. to the
XXXIX. Articles, Camb., 1848, Svo.
|
Kidd, Rev. Samuel, 1801-1843, a native of Hull,
England, Principal of the Anglo-Chinese College at Ma-
lacca, subsequently Prof. of Oriental and Chinese Litera-
ture at University College, London. China: its Symbols,
Philosophy, Antiquities, &c., Lon., 1841, 8vo.
"A learned and ingenious work."-Lm. Gent. Mag., Aug. 1843,
209, where see a biographical notice of Mr. Kidd.
Kidd, Thomas. 1. Opuscula Rhunkeniana, 1807,
Svo. 2. Q. Horatii Flacci Opera, 1817, 12mo et 18mo.
Kidd, Thornhill. LIII. Village Serms., 1813-15,
2 vols. 8vo; 4th ed., 1845, 8vo.
"His views of religion were decidedly evangelical, and in the
most entire consistency highly practical."-DR. ROBERT WINTER.
Also highly commended by the Eclec. Rev., Christian
Witness, Primitive Methodist Mag.
Kidd, William, has pub. about a dozen travellers'
Guides, and more than a dozen manuals suited for various
localities, ranging from the counter of the tradesman to
the dressing-room of the man of the world. Some of his
works-perhaps all-bave been highly commended.
Kiddell, Henry. Tiverton; a Poem, 1753, 4to.
Kiddell, John. 1. Serm., 1747, 8vo. 2. Serm.,
1759, 60, 8vo. 3. Three Disserts. on Inspiration of the
Scriptures, 1779, 8vo.
1.
Kidder, Daniel P., D.D., b. in the State of New
York, 1815, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
late editor of publications issued by that body, and for
between two and three years a resident of Brazil.
Mormonism and the Mormons; a Historical View of the
Rise and Progress of the self-styled Latter-Day Saints,
N. York, 1841, 18mo. 2. Sketches of Residence and
Travels in Brazil, embracing Historical and Geographical
Notices of the Empire and its several Provinces; illus-
trated, New York, 1845, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., Lon., 1849,
2 vols. p. Svo. See North American Rev., lxviii. 314;
Princeton Rev., xvii. 357; Method. Quar. Rev., v. 427,
(by R. West.)
Mr. Kidder is in every respect admirably qualified to supply
this marked and important defect in historical and statistical lite
rature. He is an accomplished scholar, and has given much atten-
tion to the preparation of this work."
This work is highly esteemed in England, and is em-
bodied in one of the Blue-Books of Parliament. It is
now out of print, but we are pleased to see the announce-
ment (Phila., 1857, Svo) of Brazil and the Brazilians, by
the Rev. D. P. Kidder, and the Rev. J. C. Fletcher, of the
Presbyterian Church, late American Chaplain at Rio de
Janeiro, and for a time Acting Secretary of the American
Legation in that city. The publishers promise a splendid
volume, illustrated by more than 130 engravings on steel,
wood, and stone, and uniform with Dr. Kane's Arctic Ex-
plorations. This will contain the substance of the first-
named publication, with many important additions. The
value of a well-executed work of this character-the im-
portance of making Brazil and the Brazilians better
known to Europeans and North Americans-need hardly
be enlarged upon in this place. In the last year (1856)
Brazil exported sixty millions of dollars' worth of her
productions, and imported to the amount of fifty-three
inillions of dollars. Europe brings Brazil in debt annu-
ally, but the United States are debtors to the latter every
year about some twelve to fifteen millions of dollars. To
the naturalist the flora and fauna of Brazil offer special
attractions.
We notice another valuable work on Brazil, in addition
to several already recorded in our Dictionary: Travels
in Brazil, in the years 1817, 1818, 1819, and 1820. Under-
aken by the command of His Majesty the King of
varia, and published under his special patronage. By Dr.
John Von Spix and Dr. Charles Von Martius, members
of the Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Translated
from the German. Vols. i. and ii., 8vo, with plates.
• ..
"The gentlemen fixed on for the mission appear, from the work
before us, to be admirably qualified for the purpose, and to have
pursued the object of their journey with a zeal and diligence rarely
equalled. We shall reserve till the appearance of the remain-
ing [two] volumes an account of the interesting observations
which they have made on the Botany, on the Animal Productions,
on the Geology and Mineralogy, and on the various Agricultural
and Mining Establishments."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
The whole of the country, from the twenty-fourth de-
gree of south latitude, to Pará under the equator, and
thence to the frontiers of Peru, is described.
chaplain at Rio de Janeiro. He has contributed a nua•
ber of papers to the periodicals of the day, and whilst in
Europe communicated the results of his observations in
letters which appeared in the public journals: som of
these epistles attracted considerable attention, and wore
republished in Calcutta.
น
Dr. Kidder's coadjutor in the preparation of Brazil and
the Brazilians-the Rev. J. C. Fletcher-studied theology
at Princeton, New Jersey, and at Geneva, Switzerland.
He was for a number of years, as above noticed,
We continue the enumeration of Dr. Kidder's literary
labours:
Translated from the Portuguese, Demonstration of the
Necessity of abolishing a constrained Clerical Celibacy,
exhibiting the evils of that Institution, and the remedy,
by Feijo, ex-Regent of the Empire of Brazil, &c. &o.,
1844. 18mo.
Edited, 1844 to '56, The Sunday School Advocate, în
official periodical of the Methodist Episcopal Church, cir-
culating more than 100,000 copies. Edited also, during
the same period, more than eight hundred volumes of
Sunday-school books, besides numerous tracts, &c.
Kidder, Frederic. See GOULD, AUGUSTUS ADDi.
SON, M.D., No. 7.
Kidder, Jerome. The Drama of Earth; a Dra
matic Composition, New York, 1857.
"In this there is exhibited much power of language and a dis
cussion of many themes involved in the very comprehensive title
of the volume."-H. T. TUCKERMAN.
Kidderminster. See KYDDERMYNster.
Kiddle, Henry, of New York. A Manual of As-
tronomy and the Use of the Globes, N. York, 1852, 12mo.
No less than ten eds. have been already published, (1857.)
Kiderlen, W. L. J., b. 1813, in Ulm, Wurtemberg,
for more than twenty years a resident of the United
States, has edited several German papers in America, con-
tributed poems in the same language to periodicals, and
pub. a German Grammar and a German Hist. of the
United States. We should not omit to notice his Advice
to Emigrants to America, pub. in Switzerland. From 1849
to '51, Mr. K. served in the State Department at Wash-
Ba-ington under Mr. Clayton and Mr. Webster, and subse-
quently resided at Zurich as U. S. Consul. Since 1854 he
has resided in Philadelphia.
Kidgell, John. 1. Serm.; 3d ed., Lon., 1756, 8vo.
2. Serm., 1761, 8vo. 3. Narrative of an Essay on Woman,
1763, 4to. 4. Original Fables in French and English,
1763, 2 vols. 12mo.
Kidder, Richard, D.D., d. 1703, admitted Sizar in
Emanuel Coll., Camb., 1649; Fellow, 1655; became Vicar
of Stanground, Huntingdonshire, from which he was
ejected for non-conformity in 1652; subsequently con
formed, and became Rector of Raine, Essex, 1664; Rectoj
of St. Martin's Outwich, London, 1674; Preb. of Nor
wich, 1681; Dean of Peterborough, 1689; Bishop of Bath
and Wells, 1689. He was a profound Orientalist, and an
He pub. a number of serms. and theolog
excellent man.
treatises, and the following works, by which he is best
known:
1. Demonstration of the Messias, Lon., 1684-99–1700,
3 vols. 8vo; 1815, 3 vols, Svo; 1726, fol.
"The whole work discovers more than ordinary acquaintance
with the Scriptures and with every thing relating to the Jewish
controversy, and abounds with judicious criticisin on important
and difficult passages."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
“Valuable information on the Controversy with the Jews, in ●
serious spirit.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
2. Charge to his Clergy, 1693, 4to.
"This, as likewise Bp. Sprat's Discourse to the Clergy of his
Diocese in 1695, 4to, are much admired."-Lowndes's Brit. Lit., 831.
3. Comment. on the Pentateuch, or V. Books of Moses,
with a Dissert. on the Author of the said Books, 1694,
2 vols. Svo. The notes are familiar, not critical: the Dis-
sert. and the Introductions to each of the Books are of
See Orme's Bibl. Bib.; Horne's Bibl. Bib.
4. Critical Remarks on some Difficult Passages of Scrip.
Svo.
ture, 1719, 8vo; 1725,
"Many of the observations relate to Castalio's translation of the
great value.
Scriptures, the defects of which the Bishop points out."-Orme's
Bibl. Bib.
See Biog. Brit.; Birch's Tillotson; Colo's MS. Athenæ
in Brit. Mus.
"These volumes were never published. They were printed just
at the time the author absconded, and were suppressed. I never
saw another copy.”—MS. note by Isaac Reed (1788) in his copy.
Kidney, John Steinfort, b. 1819, in Essex county,
New Jersey, a clergyman of the Prot. Epis. Church now
(1856) settled at Saratoga Springs, New York. Catawba
River, and other Poems, 1847.
Kiernan, F. Medical treatise, Lon., 1811, 8vo.
Kiernan, Miss Harriet. Influence of Fictitious
History on Modern Manners; Trans. Irish Acad., 1811.
Kiffin, William, a merchant of Londen, and for
upwards of sixty years (1639-1701) pastor of the Baptist
1028
KIL
KIM
་
Cher, Devonshire Square, London, is not likely to be
g. en by any one who has read the graphic portrait
of bla in Macaulay's Hist. of England, vol. ii., 1848.
tema kable Passages in his Life, written by himself, and
edited from the original MS., with Notes and Addits., by
Wm. Orme, Lon., 1823, 8vo. See also The Life and Ap-
proac ing Death of Wm. Kiffin, 1659, 4to; Life of Win.
Kiffin, by Joseph Gurney, 1833, 8vo. Kiffin was appren-
ticed to John Lilburn, wrote in favour of Strict Com-
munion in reply to Bunyan, opposed Dr. Featley in the
famou disputation at Southwark, and was handled with
severity by Edwards in his Gangræana.
“Great as was the authority of Bunyan with the Baptists, that
of Will im Kiffin was still greater. Kiffin was the first man among
them in wealth and station.”—T. B. MACAULAY, ubi supra,
Kilbie. See KILBYE.
Kilbourn, John, 1787–1833, a native of Berlin, Conn.,
emigrated to Ohio, and there pub. The Ohio Gazetteer,
(10th ed., 1833,) a School Geography, a Map of Ohio, and
Public Documents conc. the Ohio Canals, &c., 1832. See
a review of the 8th ed. of The Ohio Gazetteer in N. Amer.
Rev., xxiii. 458.
Serms.,
Kilbourne, Payne Kenyon. 1. Hist. and Genea-
logy of the Kilbourne Family from 1635 to the present
time, Hartford, 1845, 8vo. 2. Biographical Hist. of the
Inhabitants of the co. of Litchfield, 1850.
Kilbourn, or Kilborn, Robert, LL.D.
1727, '!8, '29.
Kilburne, Richard, 1605–1678, a native of London,
but for about fifty years a resident of Hawkhurst, Kent.
1. A Topographic Survey of the county of Kent, Lon.,
1659, 4to.
"A modern and superficial work."-BISHOP KENNET.
2. Precedents, &c. rel. to Office and Duty of a Justice
of the Peace, 1703, 8vo; 8th ed., 1715, 8vo.
Kilburne, William. Dangerous Errors in several
late-printed Bibles, Finsbury, 1659. Svo.
"A very curious tract." See Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Kilbye, or Kilbie, Richard, D.D., d. 1620, Fellow
of Lincoln Coll., Oxf., 1577; Rector, 1590; pub. some
serms., 1613, &c. He was Prof. of Hebrew at Oxford, and
one of the translators of "K. James's version" of the
Bible.
Kilbye, or Kilbie, Richard, d. 1617.
a Loadened Conscience, Camb., 1616, Svo.
printed.
Burthen of |
Often re-
Kilgour, Thomas. Con. to Med Com., 1781.
Kilkerran. Decisions of the Ct. of Session from 1738
to 1752, fol., 1775.
Killigrew, Anne, d. 1685, in her twenty-fifth year,
-“a Grace for beauty, and a Muse for wit," to borrow
Wood's gallant line, was the daughter of Dr. Henry Kil-
ligrew, (post,) and maid of honour to the Duchess of York.
She was an accomplished scholar, an excellent painter,
and the author of a number of poetical compositions which
were pub. in the year after her death, Lon., 1686, 4to. She
is best known, however, as the subject of a celebrated ode
of Dryden's, already noticed in our Life of that poet. See
also Wood's Atheu. Oxon.; Recreations of Christopher
North, originally pub. in Blackw. Mag., xxxi. 486. The
following lines-something in the style à la Wren-prove
that this lady did not despair of immortality through the
medium of her own poetry:
66 EPITAPH WRITTEN BY HERSELF.
"When I am dead, few friends attend my hearse,
And for a monument I leave my verse.' ,,
Killigrew, Catherine, 1530?-1600? the fourth
daughter of Sir Anthony Cooke, the wife of Sir Henry
Killigrew, and the aunt of the great Lord Bacon, was an
excellent scholar, and a poetess of no mean pretensions.
Sir John Harrington gives us some specimens of her poetry
in his notes to his trans. of Ariosto, and Fuller copies some
of her Latin verses in his Worthies of England, (ed. 1840,
i. 509.) Fuller remarks of the daughters of Sir Anthony
Cooke,
"Indeed, they were all most eminent scholars, (the honour of
their own and the shame of our sex,) both in prose and poetry."-
Ubi supra.
See Bacon, Anne.
Killigrew, Henry, D.D., b. 1612, entered of Christ
Church, Oxford, 1628; in 1642, was made Chaplain to James,
Duke of York, and Preb. of Westminster. 1. The Conspi-
racy; a Tragedy, Lon., 1638, 4to. This piece, written when
the author was only seventeen, was pub. without his con-
sent. He pub. an ed. of it in 1653, fol., under the title of
Pallantus and Eudora. See Langbaine's Dramat. Poets;
See Langbaine's Dramat. Poets;
Biog. Dramat. 2. Serm., 1666, 4to. 3. Serm., 1689, 4to.
4. XXII. Serms., 1685, 4to; 1695, 4to. Edited by Bp.
Patrick.
"In short, they both instruct and delight; satisfic the appetite
and excite it: present solid nourishment, and give it a grateful
taste. There is quickness and life everywhere, both in the sense
and in the style."-BISHOP PATRICK.
Killigrew, Margaret. See CAVENDISH, Margaret
Killigrew, Thomas, 1611-1682, brother of William
Killigrew, (post,) and Henry Killigrew, (ante,) was page
of honour to Charles I., a companion of Charles II. in his
exile, and after the Restoration groom of the bedchamber
to the latter. In 1651, he was English ambassador to
Vienna. He wrote nine plays during his travels, and twe
at London, all of which were pub. in 1664, Lon., fol. Two
of his Tragi-Comedies-The Prisoners and Claricilla-
were pub. in 1641, 12mo, and he pub. a Letter rel. to some
Nuns at Tours, in 1635, fol. See Biog. Dramat. Killi-
grew talked better than he wrote, and Cowley wrote
better than he talked, which induced a contemporary to
remark,
"Had Cowley ne'er spoke, Killigrew ne'er writ,
Combin'd in one, they'd made a matchless wit."
SIR JOHN DENHAM.
Killigrew, Thomas, d. 1719, gentleman of the bed-
chamber to George II. when Prince of Wales. Chit-Chat,
a Comedy, s. a., (1719.)
Killigrew, Sir William, Knt., LL.D., 1605-1693,
brother of Thomas and Henry Killigrew, commanded two
troops of horse which guarded Charles I. on the breaking
out of the Civil War, and at the Restoration was created
First Vice-Chamberlain to Charles II., in which post he
continued twenty-two years. 1. Pandora; a Com., Lon.,
masdes; Tragi-Com., 1665, Svo.
1664, 8vo. 2. Selindra; Tragi-Com., 1665, 8vo. 3. Or-
These three were pub.
together in 1665, 8vo; 16S4, 12mo. 4. The Siege of
Urbin; Tragi-Com., 1666, fol. Nos. 1, 2, and 4, and Love
and Friendship, were pub. together in 1666, fol. 5. The
Imperial Tragedy, 1669, fol. Attributed to him. 6. Art-
less Midnight Thoughts, 1684. Svo. A religious work.
7. Midnight and Daily Thoughts: in Prose and Verse,
1694, sm. Sro. See Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Dramat.
Killigrew, William. Hist. of Lindsey Levell, 1705,
fol.
Killinbeck, John. 1. Serm., 1710. 2. 18 do., 1717.
Killingworth, Grantham. Theolog. treatises,
Lon., 1738-57.
Kilner, James. Serms.. Lon., 1745, '56, both 8vo.
Kilner, Rev. Joseph. The Account of Pythagoras's
School in Cambridge, in Grose's Antiquities, &c., fol.
Kiloh, M. A. Abridgt. of Rollin's Ancient Hist.,
Lon., 1839, 12mo; 1845, 12mo. Commended by the Par-
thenon, 1839, 265.
Kilpatrick, James, M.D. 1. Cantharides in Small-
Pox, Charleston, S.C., 1739, 4to; Lon., 1739, 4to. 2. Es-
say on Inoculation in South Carolina, 1743, Svo.
Kilpatrick, Sir T. Extraordinary Agitation of the
Water; Phil. Trans., 1755.
Kilpin, Rev. Samuel.
Life of Samuel W. Kilpin,
Phila., Smo.
Kilson, Roger. English Grammar, 1807.
Kilty, John. Landholder's Assist., &c., Balt., 1808,
Sro. Applies to the Land Titles of Maryland.
Kilty, W., T. Harris, and J. N. Watkins. Laws
of Maryland, from 1799, Annap., 1818, 5 vols. 8vo.
Kilty, William. Report of all such English Statutes
as are applicable to the United States, Annap., 1811, 4to.
A valuable work, executed under a resolution of the Legis-
lature. See Griffith's L. Reg., 901, n.
Kimball, C. Young Christian Directed, Phila.
Kimball, James William. Heaven, Bost., 1857.
12mo.
Kimball, Richard B., b. 1816, in Plainfield, New
Hampshire, graduated at Dartmouth College in 1834, sub,
profession in the city of New York. 1. Saint Leger; or,
sequently studied law, and bas since 1842 practised his
The Threads of Life, N. York, 1849, 12mo. Repub. from
the Knickerbocker Magazine. Of this work eight Ameri-
can eds. were issued in four years, at least two appeared
in England, and in 1854 it was repub. by Tauchnitz, of
Leipsic. It was reviewed by Prof. Tayler Lewis, in The
Inner Life, &c.
Inner Life, &c. 2. Letters from Cuba.
2. Letters from Cuba. 3. Cuba and the
Cubans, N. York, 1850, 12mo. 4. Romance of Student
Life Abroad, 1853, 12mo; 4th ed., 1855. Trans. into Ger-
man. 5. Law Lect. before the Law Institute of New York.
6. Lects. and Orations before different literary associations.
Mr. K. was co-editor (in conjunction with Dr. Francis,
Dr. Griswold, Geo. P. Morris, and F. W. Shelton) of The
Knickerbocker Gallery, and has been a large contributor
to the Knickerbocker Magazine, Putnam's Magazine, and
other periodicals. See Internat. Mag., ii. 156-157.
1029
KIM
KIN
Kimball, T. J. Emancipation in India; pub. by
Anti-Slav. Soc., 12mo.
Kimber, Edward, d. 1769, was a son of Isaac Kim-
ber, (post.) 1. The Peerage of England, Lon., 1766, 12mo;
1769, 12mo. 2. The Peerage of Scotland, 1767, 18mo. 3.
The Peerage of Ireland, 1768, 12mo. 4. Extinct Peerage
of England, 1769, 12mo. 5. The Baronetage of England,
1771, vols. 8vo. In conjunction with R. Johnson, (6.)
3
Hist. of England, 10 vols. 8vo.
kimber, Isaac, 1692–1758, a Dissenting divine, a
native of Wantage, Berkshire, father of the preceding,
pub, a number of serums., some biographical works, &c.,
and assisted in a Hist. of England in 4 vols. Svo. To a
vol. of his serms. (20) pub. in 1756, Svo, was prefixed
Memoirs of his Life, q. v.
Kimber, Thomas. 1. Construction of Fortification,
Vauban's First System, Lon., 1851, 8vo. 2. Mathemat.
Course of the Univ. of London, 1854, 8vo; 2d ed., 1856,
850.
Kimberley, Jonathan. Serms., 1683, 1702, both 4to.
Kime, W. T. 1. Treatise on the Replication de injuria,
Lon., 1843, 12mo. 2. Supp. to the Books of Practice,
1848, 12mo.
Kimpton. Presentation of Mr. H., 1767, Svo.
Kinahan, D. 1. Index to Irish Eq. Reports, &c.,
Dubl., 1830, Svo. 2. Office and Duty of Churchwarden,
1835, 8vo. 3. Digest of Bkrupt. Act, 1836, 12mo.
Kinaston. See KYNASTON.
Kincadius, Thomas. Poemata, Edin., 1727, 12mo.
Kincaid, Alexander. 1. Cavalcade at Opening
1st Parl.. James VII., 1681, fol. 2. Hist. of Edinburgh,
Edin., 1787, 12mo.
Kinck, Peter. Norwegian Finus or Finlanders;
Phil. Trans., 1727.
Kind, M. Camphor; Nic. Jour., 1805.
Kinder. Epitaphium Henrici Baronis
1649. fol.
Kinder. See KINDON,
Kindersley, Edward C. Trans. of the Life and
Exploits of the Chevalier Bayard, Lon., 1848, p. Svo.
Commended.
Kindersley, N. E. 1. Letter on the Prop. of Chris-
tianity in India. 2. Specimens of Hindoo Literature,
Lon., 1794, 8vo.
King, Sir Edmund, M.D., 1629-1709, pub. some
papers on medical subjects and topics of natural history
in Phil. Trans., 1666-$6.
King, Edward, Fellow of Christ's Coll., Camb.,
1622-23, drowned, Aug. 10, 1637, in his passage from
Chester to Ireland,-which circumstance elicited the
Lycidas of Milton,-was the author of a number of Odes
and Epigrams of great poetical merit. The following vol.
contains three Greek, nineteen Latin, and thirteen Eng-
Hastings, lish poems, by various writers on the occasion of King's
death (Milton's Lycidas is one of them :) Justa Edovardo
naufrago ab Amicis moerentibus Amoris et μνείας χάριν,
Cantab. apud Tho. Buck et Roger Daniel, 1638, 4to. See
Nichols's Poems; Todd's Life of Milton; Symmons's Life
of Milton; Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poet.
King, Edward. De Religionis Christianæ Funda-
mentibus, 1728, 8vo.
King, Edward, 1735-1807, a native of Norfolk, pub.
several works on subjects connected with theology, politics,
political economy, and antiquities, 1767-1805, and con-
tributed papers to Archæol., 1774-82, and to Phil. Trans.,
1767-79.
1767-79. His best-known works are-1. Essay on the
English Constitutional Govt., Lon., 1767, Svo. 2. Observ.
on Ancient Castles, 1777, 4to; 1782, 4to. 3. Morsels of
Criticisin; tending to illustrate some few Passages in the
Holy Scriptures upon Philosophical Principles and an
enlarged View of things, 178S, 4to; 2d ed., 1800, 3 vols.
Svo. Supp., or vol. ii., 1800, 4to. Contents of the whole
work: On the word Heaven in the Lord's Prayer; Sep-
tuagint translation of Genesis; John Baptist being Elias;
Future Coming of Christ; Day of Judgment; Series of
events in the Revelations; Daniel's Prophecies; Deaths
of Ananias and Sapphira; Dissertations concerning Light,
the Heavens, Stars, Fluid of Heat; Miracles; Jacob and
Esau; Soul, Body, Spirit, &c.
Kindersley, Mrs. N. E. Letters from the Island
of Teneriffe, Brazil, Cape of Good Hope, &c., Lon., 1777,
Svo.
Kindon, or Kinder, Henry. 1. Geometry and the
Longitude, Lon., 1719, fol. 2. Hypotheses rel. to Longi-
tude, 1719, fol.
King, Mrs., of South Carolina, has recently given to
the world Busy Moments of an Idle Woman, Lily, &c.
King, Rev. A. Memoir of George Dana Boardman,
late Missionary to Burmah; new ed., 1856, Bost., 12mo.
King, Anthony, LL.D. Thoughts on a System of
Natural Education, Dubl., 1795, 8vo.
King, Arnold. Serms., 1748–56.
King, Benjamin. Serm., Lon., 1640, 8vo
King, Charles. 1. Fossil Shells, Lon., 1705, 8vo.
2. Crabs' Eyes; Phil. Trans., 1700.
King, Charles. 1. The British Merchant; or, Com-
merce Preserved, Lon., 1721, 3 vols. 8vo; 1743, 3 vols.
12mo. See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 142.
King, Charles, LL.D., h. March, 1789, in the city
of New York, a son of Rufus King, (an eminent American
statesman,) was for many years connected with the edi-
torial department of the New York American, and for a
short time with that of the Courier and Inquirer. 1. A
Memoir of the Construction, Cost, and Capacity of the
Croton Aqueduct, compiled from official Documents; with
a Preliminary Essay on Ancient and Modern Aqueducts,
N. York, 1843, 4to. 2. Hist. of the New York Chamber
of Commerce, Svo. 3. New York Fifty Years Ago: an
address before the Mechanics' Society. Other historical
addresses, &c.
To Mr. King we are also indebted for additions to
Chancellor Kent's Outline of a Course of English Read-
ing: seo KENT, JAMES, LL.D. Since 1848, Mr King has
held the responsible office of President of Columbia Col-
lege, New York.
Palatine of Chester, &c., Lon., 1656. fol. 4. The Vaie.
Royall of England, &c., performed by Wm. Smith, [Rouge-
Dragon,] and Wm. Webb, [Clerk to the Mayor's Court at
Chester,] 1656, fol. Willett, 1362, £31 10s. King was
merely the publisher, and, as he himself tells us, his claim
consists in adding
"Several Prospects, and other Pieces of Sculpture for the orna-
are well-wishers thereto, a translation of divers Monastery Founde
ment of the whole work; as also, through the help of some that
tion-Charters, with other things of good note."
King, Charlotte and Sophia, two sisters. Trifles
of Helicon, Lon., 1798, 8vo.
King, Rev. Daniel. 1. On Self, 1600, 12mo. 2. Trou-
blesome Thoughts, 1657, 12mo.
A very worthy good man."-PALMER.
King, Rev. Daniel. 1. A Way to Sion, Lon., 1649,
4tv. 2. A Walk to Sion, Edin., 1656, 4to. 3. County
3. County
An abridgt. of this work, with Notes, was pub. in 1852
(4to 148., p. Svo, 78.) by Thomas Hughes, author of the
Hand-Book of the City of Chester.
Hand-Book of the City of Chester. 5. The Cathedral and
Conventual Churches of England and Wales, 1656, fol.
"This Daniel King, who was a pitiful pretender to antiquities,
was a most ignorant, silly fellow, (as Sir William Dugdale hath in-
formed me by letters,) an errant knave, and not able to write oue
line of true English."-Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon, iii. E03.
King, Rev. David, LL.D., of Glasgow. 1. Ruling
Eldership of the Christian Church, Edin., 1844, 12mo;
3d ed., 1851, 12mo. 2. On the Lord's Supper, 1846, fp.
Svo; 3d ed., 1851, 12mo. 3. Concordance on the Basis
of Cruden; new ed., 1850. Svo. 4. Principles of Geology
in relation to Religion, 1850, 12mo; 3d ed., 1851, 12mo.
5. State and Prospects of Jamaica, 1850, 12mo. 6. Expos.
and Defence of Presbyterian Form of Church Govt., 1853,
12mo.
"The author of it appears to me (I speak from his book:) to be a
gentleman of extensive erudition and ingenuity, and of accurate
biblical knowledge, perhaps a little too fond of theory, and perhaps
a little whimsical in his application of natural philosophy, but
never without a serious attention and a profound piety."-Pursuits
of Lit.
Read this long note, which elicited the 2d ed. of Tho
Morsels of Criticism.
"Mr. King's particular aim is to provide answers to the more
subtile opponents of Christianity, and to trace the completion of
the sacred oracles.... We cannot take our leave of this valuable
work without expressing our admiration of the singular union of
ingenuity and piety which appears in every page."-Brit. Critic.
O. S.. xvi.. Pref., p. iv., and p. 667.
"His criticisms are, in general, little more than philosophical
dreams or romances."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
4. The National Debt, 1793, 8vo. 5. Vestiges of Oxford
Castle, 1796, fol. 6. Munimenta Antiqua; or, Observs.
on Ancient Castles, 1799-1805, 4 vols. r. fol., 166 plates,
£16 16s. This valuable work-illustrative of every
county in the kingdom-can now (1857) be had for £5 to
£6. Sir M. M. Sykes's copy sold for £25 48., which is
the highest price, we believe, ever paid for it. See Nichols's
Lit. Anec.
King, Rt. Hon. Edward. See KINGSBORoughi,
VISCOUNT.
King, Mrs. Frances Elizabeth, d. 1521, was a
daughter of Sir Francis Bernard, and the wife of Richard
1030
KIN
KIN
King, Rector of Worthing, (post.) 1. Tour in France in
1802, Lon., 12mo. 2. Christian Temper, 1807, Svo; 1812,
12mo. 3. Female Scripture Characters, 1811; 12th ed.,
1840, 12mo.
"This excellent work. . . . Much and deservedly used in schools
as well as in private families.”—Horne's Bill. Bi'.
King, G. B. Lessons on Writing, 1815.
King, Gabriel, M.D. Con. to Med. Ess., 1737.
King, Gregory, 1648-1712, a native of Litchfield, a
1. A Pack
schoolmate, herald, and political economist.
of Cards containing the Arms of the English Nobility,
Lon., 1684, fol. 2. Installation of George of Denmark,
&c., 1684, fol. 3. Do. of Henry, Duke of Norfolk, &c.,
1686, fol. 4. Natural and Political Observations and Con-
clusions upon the State and Condition of England. Writ-
ter. in 1696.
Some extracts from this work were pub. by
Davenant, but the whole was not given to the world until
1802, when Chalmers added it, with a notice of the author,
to the ed. of his Comparative Estimate pub. in that year.
Ar.other ed. of King's tract, with his Life, was printed
separately in 1810, 8vo. To this we refer the reader for
an account of this ingenious man. See also Noble's Col-
lage of Arms; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. lxxxi. He assisted
in the preparation of the New Britannia, and of several
other works. We give some notices of his Observations
just referred to:
"This tract gives the best account of the population and wealth
of England at the close of the seventeenth century that is any-
where to be met with."-McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.. 1845. 210.
"This valuable treatise. . . . A political arithmetician of great
acuteness and judgment."-T. B. Macaulay's Hist. of Eng., vol. i.,
chap. iii., 1848.
"King seems to have possessed a sagacity which has sometimes
brought his conjectures nearer to the mark than from the imper-
fection of his data it was reasonable to expect."-Hallam's Lit.
Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., Lon., 1854, iii. 454.
King, Henry, D.D., 1591-1669, eldest son of Bishop
John King, (post,) a native of Wornall, Buckinghamshire,
educated at Christ Church, Oxford, became Archdeacon
of Colchester, Residentiary of St. Paul's, Canon of Christ
Church, and Chaplain to James I.; Dean of Rochester,
1638; Bishop of Chichester, 1641. He pub. a number of
Serms., 1621-65; an Expos. of the Lord's Prayer, 1628,
34, 4to; the Psalms in Meter, 1651, '71, 12mo; and some
Latin, Greek, and English Poems. His Poems, Elegies,
Paradoxes, and Sonnets were pub. in 1657, sm. 4to; with
a new title-page, 1664, 8vo; again-with the name of Ben
Jonson as the author-1700, Svo. A new ed. of his
Psalms and Poems-edited, with Biographical Notices,
Notes, &c., by Dr. John Hannah-was pub. by Pickering
in 1843, 12mo. See Athen. Oxon.; Genl. Dict.; Nichols's
Poems; Cibber's Lives; Topographer, vol. i. p. 408; Head-
ley's Beauties; Cens. Lit., vols. v. and vi.; Ellis's Spe-
cimens, vol. iii.; Usher's Life and Letters, p. 567.
"The greater part of his poetry (which was either written at an
early age, or as a relaxation from severer studies) is neat, and un-
commonly elegant."-HENRY HEADLEY: ubi supra.
"Dr. King was one of that band of friends in which Wotton,
Herbert, Walton, Hall, and Duppa were also numbered, to whom
Donne presented the blood-stone seal on which he had caused to be
engraved the figure of our Saviour extended on an anchor instead
of a cross."
"Howell, in his Letters, says, 'But that which afforded me most
entertainment in those miscellanies, was Doctor Henry King's
Poems, wherein I find not only heat and strength, but also an
exact concinnity and evenness of fancy."
King, Henry. Serms., Lon., 1827, Svo.
King, Humphrey. An Half-Pennyworth of Wit in
a Pennyworth of Paper; or, The Hermites Tale. The
Third Impression, Lou., 1613, 4to, pp. 48. Roxburghe,
3359, £5; Bibl. Anglo-Poet., £10 10%.
King, Isaac. Letters from France, Lon., 1803, Svo.
King, Col. J. Anthony, a native of New York.
Twenty-four Years in the Argentine Republic, N. York,
1846, 12mo; Lon., 1846, Svo.
"The best account we have seen of the civil and military history
of the Argentine Republic, of the character of Rosas, his policy,
&"-John Bull.
See also Lon Lit. Gazette.
Kiug, J. W. Life of Alessandro Gavazzi, Lon., 1857.
King, James. Serm., 1704, 4to.
King, James. Devotions, Lon., 1732, 12mo.
King, James, D.D. Serms., 1743, both 4to.
King, Captain James. See Cook, CAPTAIN JAMES.
King, John, D.D., 1559-1621, a native of Wornall,
Buckinghamshire, educated at Christ Church, Oxford, be- |
came chaplain to Q. Elizabeth: Archdeacon of Notting-
ham, 1590; Dean of Christ Church, 1605; Bishop of
London, 1611. He pub. a number of serms., 1599-1614,
but is best known by his Lectures upon Ionas, Oxf., 1597,
-99, 1600, 4to; Lon., 1611, 4to; with two Serms., 1618,
4to. There are forty-eight Lectures in all. See Athen
Oxon.; Genl. Diet.; British Bibliographer, vol. i. 508;
Dodd's Ch. Hist.
"The King of Preachers.”—K. JAMES I.
"The best speaker in the Star-chamber in his time."-CHIEF
JUSTICE COKE.
King, John, d. 1638-39, son of Bishop Henry King,
educated at Christ Church, Oxford, Canon of Windsor,
Preb. of St. Paul's, and Rector of Remenham, pub. a
germ., 1625, and some Latin Orations, 1623, '25. Sco
references in notice of KING, HENRY, D.D.
King, John, D.D., 1652-1732, Rector of Chelsea,
169, Preb. of York, 1731, pub. two serms., &c., 1e88-
1721.
King, John, 1696-1728, a physician, eldest son cf
ad Job. Freind, Camb., 1722, Svo; an ed. of Euripidia
the preceding, pub. a Grammar, 1706, '16, 8vo; Epistola
Hecuba, &c., Camb., 1726, 8vo; and an Essay on Bathing,
1737. Svo.
at the place of Execution, .., 1680, 4to.
King, John, and John Kid. Their last Speeches
King, John.
King, John.
Political tracts, &c., 1783, 1802, 4to.
Beauties of the Edinburgh Review,
alias The Stink-pot of Literature, Lon.. 1807, 8vo.
2. Burn's Justice of the Peace to 1810, 5 vols. 8vo, 1811.
King, John. 1. Reports of two Cases, 1811, Svo.
King, John. XXIII. Serms., Lon., 1833, Svo.
"A very excellent volume of sermons, well written, and showing
great thought and very pleasing views.”—Brit. Mag.
Other works.
King, John, M.D., Prof. of Obstetrics, &c. in the
Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati. 1. American
sold within a year. 2. American Eclectic Obstetrics, 1855,
Eclectic Dispensatory, Cin., 1854. Svo, pp. 1496: two eds.
Svo, pp. 750. 3. Chart of Urinary Deposits, 1855. 4. The
American Family Physician, 1857, 8vo.
folk, Chaplain to the English Factory at St. Petersburg,
King, John Glen, D.D., 1731-1787, a native of Nor-
1764; Rector of Wormley, Hertfordshire, 1783; minister
in Broad Court,
1. Rites and Ceremonies
of the Greek Church in Russia, Lon., 1772, 4to.
"A curious and instructive work."-Im. Month. Rev.
Vase; Archæol., 1787.
2. Lett. to the Bp. of Durham, 1778, 4to. 3. Barberini
torum Romanorum, fol.
4. Nummi Familiarum et Impera-
This set of ninety-two plates
was engraved for Dr. K.'s intended history of the Roman
Consular and Imperial Coins, in which he was engaged at
the time of his death.
King, Joseph. Interest Tables, 1796, '99, Svo.
King, Josiah. Theolog. treatises, 1678, '98.
King, M. P. Treat. on Music, Lon., 1800, fol.
King, Nicholas. Improvement in Boats for River
Navigation; Trans. Amer. Soc., iv. 298.
King, Captain Philip Parker, R.N. 1. Voyage
of Discovery undertaken to complete the Survey of the
Western Coast of New Holland, between 1817 and 1822,
Lon., 1826-27, 2 vols. Svo. See Blackw. Mag., iv. 286,
v. 152. 2. Narrative of the Voyage of the Adventure and
Beagle, vol. i. See DARWIN, CHARLES. See a list of
voyages, and some excellent remarks on the advantages
of the perusal of such works, in Chancellor Kent's Outline
of a Course of English Reading, Oakley's ed., N. York,
1853, 12mo, 75-79.
King, Peter, first Lord King, 1669-1733, a native of
Exeter, a nephew of John Locke, who was his mother's
brother, became M. P. in 1699; Recorder of London, and
knighted, 1709; Lord Chief-Justice of the Common Pleas,
1714; created a peer by the title of Lord King, Baron of
Ockham, and made Lord-Chancellor, 1725. 1. An Inquiry
into the Constitution, Discipline, Unity, and Worship of
the Primitive Church that flourished within the first three
Centuries after Christ, Pt. 1, 1691, Svo. Pt. 2 was pub. soon
afterwards. This work was repub. in 1712, '13, and '19.
The last eds. were pub. in 1839, Svo, and 1843.
quiry elicited a controversy with Edward Elys, which was
The In-
pub. by the latter in 1694, Svo. Other answers were pub.,
the best-known of which was An Original Draught of the
Original Church, in answer to an Inquiry, &c., 1717, Svo;
several eds., last one 1840, fp. Svo. This was known to bo
the production of a non-juring clergyman named Wm.
Lord King that he was in error; but the Eclectic Review
Sclater. The British Critic says that this answer convinced
discredits this statement.
462-464. Bickersteth remarks that the two works seem
See Eclec. Rev., June, 1832,
to exhaust the subject." (Christian Student.) 2. Critical
Hist. of the Apostles' Creed, 1702, '03, '11, '19, '37, Svo.
In Latin, Lips., 1706, Svo. This is by no means a tran-
script from Pearson, but an original work.
"This opinion [that the Creed is not the production of the Apos
•
1
1031
KIN
KIN
tjes] is confirmed in the most ingenious manner by Sir Peter King |
this History.”—MOSHEIM.
Orme remarks of both of Sir Peter's works (which were
pub. anonymously) that they
contain a large portion of valuable and accurate learning.
Few works are more worthy of being consulted on various points of
early ecclesiastical history than these."-Bibl. Bib.
See Biog. Brit.; Whiston's Life; Lou. Gent. Mag., vols.
lii. and lxx.; Story's Eq. Juris., 6th ed., Bost., 1853, i.
46, n.
King, Peter, seventh Lord King, 1775-1833, great-
grandson of the preceding, succeeded to his title in 1793,
took his seat in the House of Lords in 1797, appears to
have made his first speech in 1800, and from that time
until his death took an active part in politics as a Whig
debater. 1. Thoughts on the Restriction of Payments in
Specie at the Banks of England and Ireland, Lon., 1803,
Svo; 2d ed., enlarged, with some Remarks on the Coin-
age, 1804, 8vo.
See McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 169.
A review of Lord King's tract, by Francis Horner, will be
found in the Edin. Rev., ii. 402-421. In the Appendix to
2d ed., Lord King answered some strictures of his reviewer.
See Edin. Rev., Ixxxiv. 330. 2. Speech in the H. of Lords
2. Speech in the H. of Lords
on Earl Stanhope's Bill respecting Guineas and Bank
Notes, 1811. 3. The Life of John Locke, with Extracts
from his Corresp., Journals, and Commonplace Books,
1829, 4to; 2d ed., with addits., 1829, 2 vols. 8vo; 1830, 2
vols. 8vo.
“A work which must remain a standard book in English libra-
ries."—Lon. Lit. Gazette.
Noticed in the Edin. Rev., 1. 1-31. 4. Selections from
the Speeches and Writings of the late Lord King; with a
short Introductory Memoir by Lord Ford Fortescue, 1844,
8vo.
"Earl Fortescne has rendered good service both to economic and
to moral science by this seasonable publication.”—Lon. Athen., 18H,
|
415-117.
Reviewed in Edin. Rev., lxxxiv. 315-343. See also,
respecting Lord King and his political opinions, Lon. Gent.
Mag., July, 1833, 79-80; Lord Brougham's Statesmen of
the Time of George III., ed. Lon. and Glasg., 1856, ii.
164-166; Blackw. Mag., xx. 235, xxii. 409, xxiv. 4, xxix.
336, 529, 530, 532.
"To a strong natural understanding, which eminently excelled
in clearness of perception and quickness of apprehension, he joined
habits of study seldom found in the patrician order."-LORD
BROUGHAM: ubi supra.
King, Richard. Three Serms., 1748, '51.
King, Richard, 1749-1810, Rector of Worthing,
Shropshire. 1. Disc. on the Inspiration of the Scriptures,
Lon., 1805, Svo. 2. Church and State, &c., 1807, Svo.
King, Richard. Captain Back's Journey to the
Arctic Ocean in 1833-34-35, Lon., 2 vols. 8vo, 1836. Mr.
King was naturalist to the expedition.
King, Richard John. 1. Selects. from the Early
Ballad Poetry of Eng. and Scot., Lon., 1842, fp. Svo.
"Ye shall fynde enow, both grete and smale,
Of Storiale thyng that toucheth gentylnesse
And eke moralitie and holinesse."-CHAUCER.
2. Anschar; a Story of the North, 1850, 12mo. 3. The
Forest of Dartmoor and its Borders; an Historical Sketch,
1857, fp. 8vo.
King, Sir Robert. His Vindication, 1699, 8vo.
King, Robert, Curate of Ballynascreen. 1. Primer
of the Church Hist. of Ireland; 3d ed., Dubl., 1845, 3 vols.
sm. 8vo. 2. Covenanters in the North, 1846, fp. 8vo. 3.
Little Red Book of the Catholic Church in Ireland, 1848,
12mo. 4. Who was St. Titus? 1853, Svo. 5. Old Church
at Ballynascreen.
King, Samuel. Religion in England, 1789, 8vo.
King, Samuel C. 1. Med. paper in Med. Obs. and
Ing., 1784. 2. Do. in Trans. Irish Acad., 1791.
King, Sophia. Novels. See KING, CHARLOTTE.
King, Rev. T. S. Vacation Letters: Hill and Sea-
side. In preparation, Bost., 1857.
King, Thomas. Book-keeping, Lon., 1717, 4to.
King, Thomas, 1730-1805, a celebrated London
actor. 1. Love at First Sight; Mus. Ent., 1763, Svo. 2.
·
Wit's Last Stake; Farce, 1769, Svo. 3. Neck or Nothing;
Farce. 4. Peep behind the Curtain; Com. 5. Lovers'
Quarrels; Com., altered from Vanbrugh. See Biog.
Dramat.
King, Thomas. 1. Designs for Cabinet-Making,
Lon., 4to. 2. Upholsterer's Accelerator, 4to. 3. Illust.
of Cabinet Furniture, 4to. 4. Upholsterer's Designs: new
ed., 1840, ob. 8vo. 5. Ornaments, &c. for Cabinet Manu-
fact., 1840, fol. 6. Specimens of Furniture, 1843, fol.
King, W. Britannia Triumphant; a Poem, 1799.
King, W. Mitford's Hist. of Greece, revised by W.
K., with Life by Lord Redesdale, Lon., 1838, 8 vols. 8vo.
King, Walker, D.D., d. 1827, aged 72, Bishop of
Rochester, 1809. Two Serms., Lon., 1793, 8vo.
King, William. Serm., Lon., 1636, Svo.
King, William, D.D., 1650-1729, a native of Antrim,
Ireland, was educated at Trin. Coll., Dublin, presented to
a prebend 1676, and afterwards to a precentorship of Tuanr';
promoted to the chancellorship of the Cathedral of St. Pa-
trick's, and to the parish of St. Werburgh, Dublin, 1679;
Dean of St. Patrick's, 1688; Bishop of Derry, 1691; Arch-
bishop of Tuam, 1702. His lordship pub. a number of
serms., some theolog. treatises, principally controversial,
against Papists and Presbyterians, and the following works,
by which he is best known. 1. The State of the Protest-
ants in Ireland under the late King James's Government,
Lon., 1691, 4to; 3d ed., 1692, Svo; Dubl., 1730, Svo.
"The state of the Protestants in Ireland under the government
of King James the Second is accurately and methodically sepro-
sented by Dr. William King, the present Archbishop of Dublin, who
has fully discovered their unparalleled sufferings in every thing that
was dear and valuable to them."-BISHOP NICOLSON: Irish Hist. Lib
ed. 1776, 23.
"This copious history is so well received, and so universally ae-
knowledged to bo as truly as it is finely written, that I refer my
reader to the account of those matters which is fully and faithfully
given by that learned and zealous prelate.”—BisãoР Burnet: Own
Times.
But hear the other side:
"There is not one single fact I inquired into but I found it false
in whole or in part, aggravated or misrepresented, so as to alter
the whole face of the story and give it perfectly another air and
turn; insomuch that, though many things he says were true, yet
he has hardly spoke a true word, that is, told truly and nakedly,
without a warp."-CHARLES LESLIE: Answer to the State of the Pro
testants in Ireland, dv., 1692.
2. De Origine Mali, Dubl., 4to; Lon., 1702, Svo; Brem,,
1704, 12mo. In English, by Edmund Law, 1731, 4to; 2d
ed., with addits. from the archbp.'s MSS., 1732, 2 vols. 8vo.
With answers to Bayle and Leibnitz, Camb., 1738, Svo;
1758, 8vo; 1781, Svo.
"A work of which the great object was to combat the Optimism
of Leibnitz and the Manicheism imputed to Bayle."-DUGALD
STEWART: 1st Prelim. Dissert. to Encyc. Brit., q. v.
"Pope has evidently borrowed his doctrine of whatever is, is
best,' from this work."-Green's Diary of a Lover of Lit., Ipswich,
1810, 71, 7. v.
In reference to this opinion, see Boswell's Life of John-
son, ed. Lon., 1848, r. 8vo, 635, n.
>>
Leibnitz, notwithstanding his published objections to this
book, admitted that it was "full of elegance and learning.'
Bayle also took up the cudgels in defence of his own prin-
ciples. See also Biog. Brit.; Swift's Works; Jones's Life
of Bp. Horne; Bowles's ed. of Pope's Works; Burdy's
Life of Shelton; Sheil's Sketches of the Irish Bar.
King, William, LL.D., 1663–1712, a native of Lon-
don, educated at Westminster School, and at Christ Church,
Oxford, Judge of the High Court of Admiralty in Ireland
about 1702, pub. a number of theolog. treatises, transla-
tions, poetical, classical, political, and other works, of
which a collective ed. was pub. by John Nichols, with
Notes and Memoirs, Lon., 1776, 3 vols. sm. 8vo. Among
the best-known of his publications are The Art of Love
and The Art of Cookery. See Memoirs as above; Biog.
Brit.; Coote's Cat. of Civilians; Johnson's Lives of the
Poets; Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors. King was a great
humorist:
"After this narration, it will be naturally supposed that his
poems were rather the amusements of idleness than efforts of study,
-that he endeavoured rather to divert than to astonish,-that his
thought seldom aspired to sublimity, and that, if his verse wis
easy and his images familiar, he attained what he desired. His
purpose is to be merry; but perhaps, to enjoy his mirth, it may be
sometimes necessary to think well of his opinions."-DR. JOHNSON:
ubi supra.
"Dr. King may be considered as the inventor of a new species
of satire. He moves the risible muscles of his readers; he was a
wit who lived on the highway of Literature, appropriating for his
own purpose the property of the greatest passengers by a dexterous
mode no other had hit on. What an important lesson the labours
of King offer to real genius! Dr. King's dispersed works have for
tunately been collected by Mr. Nichols, with ample llustrations, in
3 vols. 8vo, 1776.”—Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors.
King, William, LL.D., 1685-1763, a native of Stop-
ney, Middlesex, educated at Baliol College, Oxford, Prin-
cipal of St. Mary Hall, 1718-22, pub. a number of Latin
pieces, &c., but is best known as the author of a produc-
tion never pub., entitled The Toast, an Epic Poem, 1736,
4to; 1747, 4to; Dublin, printed; London, reprinted. This
is a satire upon the Countess of Newburg, elicited by a
lawsuit relative to an estate in Galway. For a key to the
characters, see Win. Davis's Second Journey round the
Library of a Bibliomaniao, 1825, sm. 8vo. King also
printed (not pub.) Opera Latina, (including The Toast,) 2
vols. in 1, 4to; Oxon., 1736, &c. On the death of the
author the whole impression save sixty copies was de-
1032
KIN
KIN
stroyed by his exécutors. Reed's copy, (2204 of his cat.,)
Reed's copy, (2204 of his ent.,)
with MS. Key to The Toast, was sold for £10 108. His
Apology, in which he defends himself against his Whig
opponents, was pub. about 1754, 4to. He also gave to
the world the first five vols. of Dr. South's Sermons. In
1818, cr. 8vo, (2d ed., 1819, 8vo,) there was pub., from his
original MS., Political and Literary Anecdotes of his Own
Times, by Dr. Wm. King. Reviews of this work will be
found in Edin. Rev., xxxii. 74-88, (by Lord Brougham:
see his Contrib. to Edin. Rev., 1856, vol. iii. 405-418;) Lon.
Month. Rev., lxxxviii. 155; Edin. Month. Rev., i. 460;
Phila. Analec. Mag., xiii. 367-375, (from the British Critic.)
"The anecdotes are related in an easy and agreeable manner,
and follow each other like a table-talk, without any regard to order,
or merely with that kind of connexion which arises from one story
suggesting another."-Loid Brougham: ubi supra.
For further particulars respecting Dr. King, see Nichols's
Lit. Anec.; Swift's Works; Chaliners's Biog. Dict.
Kingdom, William, Jr. America and the British.
Colonies, Lon., 1820, 8vo.
"A compilation from other works, the proprietors of some of
which instituted an action against the publishers for piracy. Its
principal object is to recommend to emigrants the British Colonies
in preference to the United States."-Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova,
ii. 120.
Kingdon, Broughton. De Candolle's Vegetable
Organography; from the French, by B. K., Lon., 1839,
2 vols. 8vo; 1841, 2 vols. Svo. The only English trans-
lation.
<< Highly useful to the English student of botany.”—Lon. Month.
Rev.
Also commended by The Botanist; Gardener's Mag.
Gardener's Gaz.; Lit. Gaz.; Tait's Mag.
Kingdon, Roger. The Authenticity, Uncorrupted
Preservation, and Credibility of the N. Test.; from the
German of Prof. Godfrey Less, Lon., 1804, Svo.
"That which has obtained the praise of Michaelis and the recom-
mendation of Marsh needs no further panegyric."-KINGDON.
¿
"It is less prolix than the work of Lardner, but contains some
testimonies omitted by him, and reasons, on the whole, in a very
luminous manner."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Less was originally a skeptic; but a rigid examination
resulted in his reception of Christianity, and the above
work gives us the fruits of his studies.
Kingesmil, Andrew. See KINGSMILL.
Kinghorn, Joseph, a Baptist minister, is best re-
membered as the opponent of Robert Hall: the latter ad
vocated "Mixed Communion," whilst Kinghorn espoused
"Exclusion." Kinghorn also pub. a few serms. and theo-
log. treatises, 1795-1814. See HALL, ROBERT, pp. 765,
767; Bickersteth's C. S.; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 787;
Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Darling's Cyc. Bib.; Index to Robert
Hall's Works, ed. Lon., 1853, 6 vols. Svo; Memoir of
Kinghorn, by M. H. Wilkins, Lon., 1855, Sro. See a
review of this Memoir in Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1855,
397-39S.
Kinglake, John Alexander, a London barrister,
b. 1802, at Taunton, Devonshire, educated at Trinity Col-
lege, Cambridge, called to the bar in 1837, has contri-
buted to the London Quarterly Review and other periodi-
cals, and pub. a very popular book, entitled Eothen; or,
Traces of Travel brought home from the East, Lon., 1844,
8vo; 5th ed., 1846, 12mo.
"If the brilliant author of Eothen has produced one of the most
striking pictures of the East that ever was presented to the nations
of the West, another artist, [Eliot Warburton,] whose pencil, liks
his, was dipped in the orient hues of heaven,' has been prema-
turely snatched from his admiring country.”—Sir Archibald Ali-
son's Hist. of Europe, 1815–52, chap. v.
C
"We hazard little in prophesying that Mr. Curzon's work [Visit
to Monasteries in the Levant] will be more popular than any
other recent set of Oriental descriptions, except Mr. Kinglake's;
and, however that remarkable writer may claim the superiority in
wit, point, and artistical finish," &c.-Lon. Quar. Rev., lxxxiv.
462-463.
"Nothing go sparkling, so graphic, so truthful in sentiment, and
so poetic in vein, has issued from the press in many a day."-Lon.
Critic.
"The best book of Eastern travels we know."-Lon. Examiner.
"A charming work of travels, written with good taste and excol-
lent judgment.”—PRESIDENT KING, of Columbia College.
Mr. Kinglake is at this moment (Feb. 1857) à candidate
for Parliament. Since the above was written, Mr. King-
lake has been withdrawn, (April, 1857.)
Kinglake, Robert, M.D. Med. treatises, 1804-7.
Kingsborough, Rt. Hon. Edward King, Vis-
count, 1795-1837, eldest son of the third Earl of King-
ston, was educated at Exeter College, Oxford; repre-
sented his native county (Cork) in the Parliament of
1820-26, and subsequently devoted himself to the pre-
paration of his great work.-The Antiquities of Mexico:
comprising Fac-similes of Ancient Mexican Paintings
and Hieroglyphics preserved in the Royal Libraries of
Paris, Berlin, and Dresden; in the Imperial Library of
Vienna; in the Vatican Library; in the Borgian Museum
at Rome; in the Library of the Institute of Bologna; and
in the Bodleian Library of Oxford; together with the
Monuments of New Spain, by M. Dupaix; with their re-
spective Scale of Measurement and accompanying Descrip..
tions. The whole illustrated by many valuable inedited
Manuscripts by Lord Kingsborough. The Drawings on
Store by A. Aglio. Lon., imp. fol., vols. i.-vii., 1831; vols
viii. and ix., 1848. Originally pub at the rate of £140,
anbound; now reduced to £36: or, with the plates co-
loured, originally pub. at the rate of £210; now reduced
to £63: vols. viii. and ix. were pub. at £12 128. for both.
The following note, pub. within the last few weeks, de-
mands the attention of those concerned :
"Dec. 10. [1856,]
"40, ALBEMARLE STREET, (Lond, n.]
"Vol. ix. of Lord Kingsborough's Mexican Antiquities cor
tains the Relation of Don Alva Ixtlixochitl; but, in all the copies
of the work which have fallen under my notice, I find that the
volume closes abruptly, on p. 468, without finishing the Relation,
of which an amount equivalent to several pages is wanting. Ia
the language of the printing-office, it would seem that a signa-
ture has been lost in making up the volume. The end' of each
of the preceding volumes is uniformly printed in, and its absenco
in vol. ix. confirms my suspicion of the accidental omission of a
'signature.' There are MS. copies of Ixtlixochitl, from which the
publishers could supply the deficiency.-uo doubt one wholly un-
intentional on their part. E. G. S.”—From the Lon. Athen., Dec. 13,
1856. 1537.
The initials will be recognised as those of Mr. Squier.
Having called the attention of Mr. Prescott, author of the
History of the Conquest of Mexico, &c., to the preceding
note, he writes us.--
"The Relation of Ixtlixochitl terminates on p. 468; but this is
followed by another work, on the rites and customs of the Mexi
cans. making 60 pages. These pages are numbered from 1 to 60,
and the signatures are those of vol. x.; but at the bottom of the
last page is printed, End of vol. ix., end of the work,-showing
that the original design of the publication was not completed.
BOSTON, March 7, 1857.”
·
An account of this magnificent publication, the first
seven vols. of which cost Lord Kingsborough £32,000,
(and his life also,) will be found in Rich's Bibl. Amer.
Nova, ii. 233-235; Prescott's Hist. of the Conq. of Mexico,
23d ed., Bost., 1855, i. 128-130; see also Index to Mexico,
and Index to his Peru, ed. 1855, Pref., ix., vol. i., 1801;
Loa. Athenæumn; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1831, Pts. 99-102,
306-307; Lon. Month. Rev., Feb., 1831, 253-274; Dr.
Maginn's Homeric Ballads; The Genealogy of Glaucus.
Two copies were printed on vellum, (the cost of which
was estimated at three thousand guineas,) and ten were
taken off on large drawing-paper. Nine were presented
to crowned heads and public institutions, and the tenth
to Mr. O. Rich, the eminent bibliographer, for valuable
services rendered in the preparation of the work. We
know of several copies of the Antiquities in America,-
viz.: one in the Boston Athenæum, presented by the late
Francis C. Gray, (see p. 724 of this Dictionary;) one in
the library of the New York Historical Society; one in
the library of the Rochester University; one in the Astor
Library, New York; one in the library of the Worcester
Antiquarian Society; and another in the library of Wm.
H. Prescott, the historian. The late Mr. Corwin, of New
York, also possessed a copy.
York, also possessed a copy. We have said that this
work cost Lord Kingsborough not only a large expendi-
ture of money, but his life also:
After having expended upwards of thirty thousand pounds
upon this work, he got into difficulties with some of the persons
with whom he dealt, particularly with a celebrated paper-manu-
facturer. He was arrested in Dublin, and, from obstinacy or un
2
willingness to pay a demand he thought unjust, was thrown ir to
prison. He was there seized with a typhus fever, which ended
fatally in a few days. If he had lived, he would, within a year,
have become Earl of Kingston and inherited a fortune of forty
thousand pounds a year. Had he lived, there is no doubt but that
he would have devoted his life and fortune to the development of
the ancient history of America, which had become with him a
monomania. ... Lord Kingsborough's penchant for Mexican anti-
quities was produced by a sight of the original Mexican manu-
script described by Purchas, (Pilgrimes, vol. iii.,) preserved in the
Bodleian Library, where his lordship was a student. From the
and to have thought of nothing else."-Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova,
time he first saw it, he appears to have devoted his mind to it,
ii. 234-235.
¿
――――
It is asserted, indeed, by his lordship's biographer, in
the Gentleman's Magazine, May, 1837, that the imprison-
ment which resulted in his death was caused by his having
become security for the payment of a debt due by his
father, the Earl of Kingston; and the same writer assures
us that four copies of the Mexican Antiquities were printed
on vellum: but we prefer the authority of Mr. Rich, his
lordship's coadjutor in the preparation of his great work
and the purchaser of the bulk of the invaluable Kings-
1033
KIN
KIN
borough collection of the original materials from which
the Antiquities were compiled. Of the two copies on
vellum, one was presented by the editor to the Bodleian
Library, and the other to the British Museum. This
work well deserves the epithets by which Mr. Prescott
signifies his admiration of it,-"noble," "colossal,"
"magnificent." But the historian of Mexico by no
means endorses the theory for which the noble com-
mentator so zealously contends:
"The drift of Lord Kingsborough's speculations is to establish
the colonization of Mexico by the Israelites. To this the whole
battery of his logic and learning is directed. For this hiero-
glyphics are unriddled, manuscripts compared, monuments de
lineated."
But, whatever may be thought of his lordship's specula-
tions, we must all agree, with Mr. Prescott,
"that by this munificent undertaking-which no government,
probably, would have, and few individuals could have, executed-
he has entitled himself to the lasting gratitude of every friend of
science.”—Cong, of Mexico, i. 129.
This work, in its magnificence, recalls to mind the patronage
of crowned heads and the splendour of the princely patrons of
literature." —Lon. Athen.
AN
"A magnificent monument of the picture-writing of the Mexi-
cans is to be found in the splendid folios of the late Lord Kings-
borough, who, after spending larger sums of money on a literary
work than ever were before expended by any nobleman," &c.-
DR. MAGINN: uli supra.
"Cet ouvrage, de la plus grande magnificence."-BRUNET: Ma-
nuel du Libraire, &c., 1842, ii. 770.
L
It forms almost an era in one's life to have had an opportunity
of inspecting such a splendid series of volumes as are now placed
before us under the title of Antiquities of Mexico. We should
have supposed, after we had contemplated the superb materials
of which they consist, that they were the results of some state
enterprise, undertaken by a spirited and ambitious government,
which aimed at exalting the national character and its own by the
munificence of its patronage of the fine arts."-Lơn. Month. Rev.,
ubi supra.
The curious reader will find much interesting matter re-
specting the ancient Mexicans, in the Lettres Américaines
of Count Carli, the Recherches Philosophiques sur les Ameri-
cains of M. de Pauw, &c. Mr. Prescott's great work on The
Conquest of Mexico will, of course, be always consulted.
Kingsbury, Rev. Benjamin. Theoiog. and poli-
tical publications, Lon., 1788-91.
Kingsbury, C. P., Lieut., U.S. Army. Element.
Treat. on Artillery and Infantry, N. York, 1849, 12mo.
This excellent work is adapted for the militia-service as
well as for the army.
Kingsbury, H. On Divine and Human Govern-
ment, and of Religious Liberty, N. York, 1849, 12mo.
Kingsbury, William, 1744-1818, a Dissenting mi-
nister at Southampton, pub. a number of serms., &c.
See Memoir of his Life, by John Bullar, Lon., 1819, Svo.
Kingscote, Henry. Letter to the Apb. of Canter-
bury on the Wants of the Church; 3d ed., Lon., 1846, 8vo.
Kingsford, William. Theolog. treatises, 1788-89.
Kingsley, Charles, Junior Rector of Eversley,
Hants, and Canon of Middlebam, born at Holne Vicarage,
Devonshire, June 12, 1819, is the son of the Rev. Charles
Kingsley, now (1857) Rector of Chelsen, was educated at
Magdalene College, Cambridge, and in 1844 was married
to the daughter of Pascoe Greenfell, Esq., who was for a
number of years M.P. for Truro and Great Marlow. Mr.
Kingsley, the subject of our notice, belongs to what is
called the "Broad-Church Party," and is a zealous advo-
cate of the rights of the working-classes. The following
list of his publications presents evidence of literary in-
dustry of no ordinary character. 1. XXV. Village Serms.,
Lon., 1844, 12mo; 2d ed., 1852, 12mo; 3d ed., 1854, fp.
2. The Saint's Tragedy, a Story of Elizabeth of
Hungary; a Drama in Verse, 1848, 12mo; 2d ed., 1851,
18mo. Also reprinted in Nos.
8vo.
"The Saint's Tragedy, which was Mr. Kingsley's first literary
work, contained great poetic promise, both dramatic and lyric.
It evinced a subtle knowledge of human emotion, especially of the
Diental workings and heart-burnings of humanity wrestling with
the views inculcated by Catholic ascetics."-Chambers's Journal.
See also N. Brit. Rev., xv. 229; Fraser's Mag., xxxvii.
328; Putnam's Mag., vii. 532.
3. Alton Locke: Tailor and Poet; a Novel, 1850, 2 vols.
p. 8vo; 4th ed., 1856, 12mo.
"It is the book of an age. That it will exercise a deep and ex-
tensive influence on the public mind may be considered as certain.
There is something in the author's very errors suggestive of right;
and, when he does enunciate truths which other men only hint and
whisper, he stamps his idea ineffaceably on the memory and heart
of the reader, in thoughts that breathe and words that burn."-
Eclectic Rev.
"Real genius, intense power of sympathy, an intimacy with the
woes which the book describes, are the evident qualifications of the
writer."-Lon. Eraminer.
"A book which exhibits in many passages decided marks of
genius, but which, as a whole, is so preposterously absurd as rather |
to excite ridicule than to move sympathy."- Blackwood's Mag
Nov. 1850, vol. lxviii.
If Mr. Kingsley had really been a tailor, the style and senti.
ments of Alton Locke would have excited little surprise er even
notice: it is the strangeness and incongruity of the exhibition
which creates by much the larger share of its attraction.
The things themselves are neither new nor rare:
We wonder how the mischief they came there.'
It is only as falling from the pulpit and the professional chair that
such trash could make any impression,-could excite even curio
sity."-Revolutionary Literature: Lon. Quar. Rev., Sept. 1851,
lxxxviii, 533.
See also Fraser's Mag., xlii. 576; South. Quar. Rev.,
xx. 118.
4. The Message of the Church to Labouring Men; &
Serm.; 5th ed., 1851. 5. Yeast; a Problem, 1851, p. 8vo;
2d ed., 1852, p. Svo. Reprinted from Fraser's Mag., with
addits.
"Novel-readers will perhaps prefer it to Alton Locke on account
of its passionate eloquence and exquisite love-passages. There is
undeniable genius in it, and the beauty of certain passages reveals
a poet and a thinker."--Lon. Athen.
66
It is powerful, earnest, feeling, and eloquent,-the production
of a man acquainted with society, who has looked closely upon its
various classes and has the power of reading the signs of the
times."-Lon. Spectator.
See also Blackw. Mag.. June, 1855, and the Lon. Gazette.
6. The Application of Associative Principles and Me-
thods to Agriculture; a Lecture, 1851.
"He minces nothing,-spares nobody. . . . In his fiery zeal he
forgets half the problem which he ventures to propound and re-
solve."-Lon. Athen., 1851, 1249.
Mr. Kingsley has pub. a number of other occasional
Lectures, some or all of which will shortly be issued in a
vol. together with his Essays. See No. 18.
7. Serms. on National Subjects, 1852, 12mo. Second
Series, 1854, 12mo.
"Marked by that originality of thought and force of utterance
which characterize all of this author's writings."-Lon. Lit. Gaz.
1852, 12mo; 2d ed., 1851, p. Svo.
8. Phaetheon; or, Loose Thoughts for Loose Thinkers,
"We cordially welcome Mr. Kingsley into the field of discussion
on which he has here entered. It is one in which he is capable
beyond most of doing the state some service.”—Brit. Quar. Kev.
|
See Lon. Athen., Oct. 30, 1852; Lon. Spectator, Oct. 2,
1853; Non-conformist, Jan. 12, 1853.
9. Hypatia; or, New Foes with an Old Face, 1853, 2
vols. p. Svo; reprinted from Fraser's Mag.
<<
Passages of striking and vivid beauty abound in these volumes.”
-Westminster Rev.
"Hypatia, while thoroughly characteristic of the author of
Yeast and Alton Locke, manifests a patient, thoughtful compre
hensiveness to which neither of those very clever books can lay
claim."--Brit. Quar. Rev.
"It is about the wildest book that ever was written.”—Blackw.
Mag., June, 1855, vol. lxxvii.
10. Alexandria and her Schools; the substance of four
Lectures delivered in Edinburgh in 1854, p. Svo, 1854.
"A clear, rapid, accurate, and interesting sketch. . . . Ought to
enjoy a general and an enduring popularity."-Lom. New Quar.
Rev.
"A series of brilliant biographical and literary sketches, inter-
spersed with comments of the closest modern, or rather universal,
application."-Lon. Spectator.
11. Westward Ho! or, The Voyages and Adventures of
Sir Amyas Leigh, 3 vols. cr. 8vo; 1st. ed., April, 1855;
2d ed., June, 1855.
"Mr. Kingsley has selected a good subject, and has written a
good novel to excellent purpose."-Lon. Times, Aug. 18, 1855.
with historical record and with the voluminous evidence which is
"His pictures of English society, feeling, and thought in the
days of Queen Elizabeth, as given therein, are utterly at variance
afforded by the works of the authors of that period. The whole
novel is a huge anachronism; for the characters, except in name,
belong to the age of Cromwell, and not to that of Elizabeth."--
Blackwood's Mag., June, 1855, vol. lxxvii.
And see the same periodical for Nov. 1855, vol. lxxviii.,
art. Modern Light Literature: Traveller's Tales.
The London Spectator commends Westward Ho! as
"noble and well-timed."
12. Glaucus; or, The Wonders of the Shore, 1955, 12mo;
3d ed., 1856, 12mo.
"Its pages sparkle with life: they open up a thousand sources
of unanticipated pleasure, and combine amusement with instruc.
tion in a very happy and unwonted degree."-Lon. Eclectic Rev.
Glaucus is also highly commended by the Christian Re-
membrancer, The Guardian, and The Spectator; but
Blackwood does not seem to value the work so highly:
see that periodical for August, 1855,-Modern Light Lite-
rature: Science.
13. Poems, now first collected, 1856, 16mo. This vol. con-
tains The Saint's Tragedy and (soo No. 1) Miscellaneous
Poems and Ballads. The contents were collected by the
author for the publishers, Messrs. Ticknor and Fields, of
Boston, Mass., and have not been pub. in this shape in
England. See Putnam's Mag., May, 1856, vii. 532.
The following comments upon Mr. Kingsley's poetical
•
1034
KIN.
KIN
characteristics will be read with interest by his many
admirers:
"Mr. Kingsley has the self-denial to reject all that is superfluous
in thought or word, which is a most rare virtue in a young poet,
and without it no one can ever become a writer of national songs.
Ile has acquired the young writer's last-attained grace, simplicity?"
-Chambers's Journal.
14. Serms. for the Times, 1856, fp. 8vo; twenty-five in
number.
"Perhaps in this book there is a more sustained opposition to the
popular religious sentiment of the day than in Mr. Kingsley's
former volumes of sermous.”—Orford and Cambridge Mag., Jan.
1850, Ixi.
|
Yale College, 1799; tutor in the same institute, 1801-05;
Prof. of the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin Languages, and
of Ecclesiastical History, 1805-31; Prof. of the Latin
Language and Literature, 1831-51. 1. An Historical Dis-
course delivered by request before the Citizens of New
Ilaven, April 25, 1838, the 200th Anniversary of the
First Settlement of the Town and Colony, New Haven,
8vo, pp. 115. See N. Amer. Rev., xlvii. 480, (by C. W.
Upham :) Chris. Exam., xxvii. 201, (by F. Parkman ;) N.
York Rev., iii. 490, vi. 48. 2. Tacitus, Phila., 12mo. 3.
Cicero de Oratore, N. York, 12mo: see Ainer. Month.
Rev., i. 421. Prof. Kingsley was also the author of the
Life of Ezra Stiles. President of Yale College, in Sparks's
Amer. Biog., 2d Series, vi. 1-79; of a Sketch of the
Hist. of Yale College, in the American Quarterly Register,
1835; and of many papers in the North American Review,
The Christian Spectator, The New Englander, the Ameri-
can Journal of Science, the Biblical Repository, and other
periodicals. He cultivated many branches of knowledge
with remarkable success, and in that department to which
be was specially attached few were so deeply versed:
"Whilst furnishing many passages of great power and beauty,
it fails egregiously in expounding to the ignorant and irreligious
the way of God's mercy."-Eclec. Rev.
15. The Heroes; or, Greek Fairy Tales for my Children,
1856, 8vo; 2d ed., 1856, 8vo.
•
"The Heroes he has chosen are Perseus, the Argonauts, and
Theseus: and he tells about them so charmingly that we have
read his tales from beginning to end almost as eagerly as they can
have been read by the Rose, Maurice, and Mary for whom they
were expressly written."-Westminster Rev., April, 1856.
Also praised by The Examiner, The Spectator, and The
Morning Post.
16. Two Years Ago; a Novel, 1857, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
"Mr. Kingsley has never written any book equal to Alton Locke,
and in Two Years Ago we miss almost entirely the characteristic
excellencies of the Chartist novel. The narrative is disconnected.
irregular, confused; the characters frequently pass, repass, and
holu long colloquies, without any evident object; the plot is dim,
and there is no definable reason why the story shovid be called
Two Years Ago. . . . We cannot help thinking that Mr. Kingsley
might advantageously allow his imagination some rest. He will
otherwise run the risk of being counted among writers who. having
enjoyed one success, continue to multiply failures, until the failures
obscure the success and both are forgotten."-Lon. Athen., Feb.
14, 1857, 212.
The London Leader also condemns this novel; but, on
the other hand, it is warmly commended by the Literary
Gazette, Feb. 21, 1857; The Examiner, Feb. 14, 1857;
The Spectator, Feb. 14, 1857; The Saturday Review, Feb.
21, 1857; The Overland Mail, Feb. 26, 1857; The Atlas,
Feb. 28, 1857; The Critic, March 2, 1857. We give some
•
"I doubt," remarked President Woolsey, "if any American scho-
lar has ever surpassed him in Latin style."
In addition to authorities cited above, see a Commemo-
rative Discourse on Prof. Kingsley, by Thomas A. Thacher,
October, 1852.
"Mr. Kingsley has established himself among the finest prose-
writers of his age and country. Two Years Ago is a book full of
interesting writing, and thousands of persons will read it from bo-
ginning to end with avidity. We are glad to meet Mr. Kingsley
once more on contemporary ground."-Lon. Spectator.
•
·
•
It is really a relief to come upon a work of art like this.
No one can read Two Years Ago without feeling his love of virtue
strengthened, his contempt for every thing mean and base con-
firmed, and his resolution braced for active exertion."-Lon. Lit.
Güzelte.
We have also before us five highly-favourable opinions
on the part of as many American journals, and the follow-
ing verdict from a distinguished member of the Court of
Literary Jurisprudence:
"Although somewhat disconnected and fitful, it has the power,
the freshness, the discrimination, and the humanity, which have so
widely endeared this industrious and vivid writer. There are
splendid passages, and points of keen interest throughout."-II. T.
Kingsmill, Andrew, 1538-1569, an early Puritan
divine, wrote View of Man's Estate, and other theolog.
treatises pub. after his death, 1574-80. See Athen. Oxon.;
Strype's Life of Parker.
extracts:
Kingston, Richard. Serms., &c., 1665-S2.
Kingston, Richard. Hist. of the Designs against
"It is, indeed, impossible not to be interested in a book so earnest
and right-minded as this novel...
Other political
Wm. III.. &c. 1688-97, Lon., 1698, Svo.
It is full of brave thought and
wise counsel. It recognises all that is to be honoured in a man. tracts, 1700.
and speaks as truc men ought to speak of women. . . . The whole
book is rich in colour, rich in active life and truth."-Lon. Exa-
miner.
Kingsmill, Joseph, Chaplain of Pentonville Prison,
London. 1. Chapters on Prisons and Prisoners, Lon.,
1849, 12mo; 3d ed., 1854, Svo. See Irish Quarterly Re-
view, iv. 559; Lon. Athenæum, 1851, 19. 2. Missions
and Missionaries historically viewed, 1853, Svo; 1854, Svo.
Kingsmill, Thomas, Hebrew Professor at Ox-
ford, 1569, pub. a serm., a Latin treatise, &c., 1602, '05, '31.
Kingston, J. S. E. India Register. See MATHISON,
JOHN.
Kingston, Thomas. Extracts from the Rubric of
the R. C. Mass-Book: with Observ., Dubl., 1836, Svo.
Kingston, W. H. G., has pub. a number of novels,
books of travels, &c., Lon., 1843-55.
Kinloch, G. R. Ancient Scottish Ballads, Edin.,
1827, 8vo. The collector of old poetry must secure this
volume.
Kinmout, Alexander. Natural Hist. of Man and
the Rise and Progress of Philosophy, Cin., Svo.
Kinnaird, John, Capt., R.Army. Adventures in the
Rifle Brigade in the Peninsula, &c., 1809–15, Lon., p. Svo.
Commended by the United Service Journal.
Kinnaston. See KYNASTON.
Kinne, Aaron, d. 1824, aged 79, minister of Groton,
Coun. 1. The Sonship of Christ. 2. Scripture Pro-
phecies, 1813. 3. Explan. of Types, &c., 1814, 8vo.
1. Parts of Blackstone's Comment.
Kinne, Asa.
reduced to Questions and Answers; 3d ed., N. York, 1842,
Svo. 2. Parts of Kent's Comment. do. ; 2d ed., 1840, Svo.
3. Law Compendium, 1844-46, 6 vols. Svo. See 21 Amer.
Jur., 486; 29 N. Amer. Rev., 487; 2 Law Rec., 157, 281.
Kinnear, John G., of Glasgow. 1. Cairo, Petra, and
Damascus in 1839, Lon., 1840, p. 8vo.
"Mr. Kinnear, a recent traveller, and, like most travellers, &
little biussed in favour of Mehemet, but a sensible, and, on the
whole, a fair, witness.”— Lon. Quar. Rev.
performance, but gives every impression of its being a candid and
"The work of Mr. Kinnear is not merely a graceful and spirited
impartial one."-Blackw. Mag., Feb. 1841.
Also commended by the Literary Gazette, The Examiner,
The Spectator, and the Times. 2. The Crisis, and the Cur-
rency; 2d ed., 1848, p. Svo.
TUCKERMAN.
We have heard Mr. Washington Irving express a very
favourable opinion of Mr. Kingsley's talents as a novel-
writer, and observed the pleasure with which he received
a copy of Westward Ho!-then (1855) just published.
17. Andromeda and other Poems: announced for 1857.
18. Lectures and Essays: announced for 1857, by Tick-
nor & Fields, of Boston. This vol. will consist of a re-
print of a number of the author's Lectures and Essays.
Among Mr. Kingsley's minor contributions to the litera-
ture of the day are several pamphlets, occasional sermons,
papers in the North British Review, Fraser's Magazine,
the Sth ed. of the Encyclopædia Britannica, &c., and a
Preface to Susanna Winkworth's trans. of the Life of the
Rev. John Tauler. of Strasbourg. Reviews (from which
we have been able to quote but very briefly) of Mr. Kings-
ley's characteristics as a writer will be found in Black-
wood's Magazine for June, 1855, and the London Quarterly
Review (art. Revolutionary Literature) for September, 1851.
Kingsley, George, of Northampton, Mass. 1. Harp
of David, New York. 2. Juvenile Choir. 3. Social Choir,
3 vols. 4. Sacred Choir. 5. Sacred Harmonist. 6. Young
Ladies' Harp. 7. Templi Carmina; a Collection of Church
Music. See N. York Eclec. Mag., xxiii. 507, (by P. Frank.) |
Kingsley, James Luce, LL.D., 1778-1852, a native
of Windham, Connecticut, but descended from the same
family as that of the Rev. Charles Kingsley, graduated at |
Kinnebrook, William. Etchings of Runic Monu-
ments in the Isle of Man, Lon.. 1842, 8vo.
Kinneir, John Macdonald. 1. Geographical Me-
moir of the Persian Empire, Lon., 1813, 4to.
“A valuable work.”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
“This excellent Geographical Memoir.”—Edin. Rev
Reviewed in Lon. Quar. Rev., ix. 57–89. 2. Journey
through Asia Minor, Armenia, and Koordistan in 1813-
14, Svo, 1818.
"This work will be particularly interesting to those who wish to
trace the marches of Ålexander, and the retreat of the ten thou-
sand, on which points of history Mr. Kiuneir has made some judi-
cious remarks.”—Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
Kinnersley, Rev. Ebenezer, Prof. of Oratory and
English Literature in the University of Pennsylvania froni
1035
KIN
KIR
1753 to 1773, took a part in the experiments in electricity |
which rendered the name of Benjamin Franklin so famous
throughout the scientific world. Experiments on Electri-
city; Phil. Trans., 1762, '63.
Kiunersley, M. Lett. to Lord Sunderland, 1719.
Kinney, Mrs. Elizabeth C., a daughter of David
L. Dodge, of New York, and wife of William B. Kinney,
formerly editor of the Newark Daily Advertiser, has con-
tributed many prose and poetical articles to the Knicker-
bocker Magazine, Graham's Magazine, the journal con-
ducted by her husband, and other periodicals. In 1855,
she gave to the world Felicita, a Metrical Romance. Some
of Mrs. Kinney's poetical compositions have been very
highly commended; but, on the other hand, Felicita was
not a little ridiculed by a critic in Putnam's Magazine.
(July, 1855.) In 1850, Mr. and Mrs. Kinney removed to
Turin, (the former having received an appointment to the
Sardinian Mission,) where they now reside.
Kinnon, Charles Mac. See MACKINNON.
Kinroy, Henry, D.D. Copper Springs in Wicklow;
Phil. Trans., 1751.
Kinsayder, William, i. e. Marston, John.
Kinsey. Laws of N. Jersey, 15th April, 1702, to 4
Geo. II., 1731, Phila., 1732, fol.
Kinsey, Charles. Digest of Decisions of the Su-
preme Ct., May T. 1806 to Feb. T. 1813, Burling., 1815,
8vo.
Kinsman, Ed. An Appendix of the Saints canon-
ized by Paul Vand, Gregory XV., Douay, 1624, 12mo.
Kinzie, Mrs. John H., of Chicago, Illinois. Wau-
Bun; or, The Early Day in the North-West, New York,
1856, Svo.
"The book is written in a perfectly simple. unpretending style,
but with a keen perception of humour and a genuine love of ad-
venture which makes it very fascinating to read."-Lon. Athen.,
1856, 992.
Kip, F. M. Memoirs of an Old Disciple and his De-
Ecendants, N. York, 1848.
Kip. J. 1. Britannia Illustrata, &c. A fine copy of
A fine copy of
this splendid work, containing more than 380 views, and
bound in 5 vols. imp. fol., (date of 1724,) was advertised
by Mr. H. G. Bohn, in his Catalogue for 1841, p. 1533,
£33; another in his Catalogue for 1848, p. 131, £31 10%.
To these Catalogues, and to Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1075,
we refer the reader for particulars of dates, &c. of this
valuable series of plates. Bohn's copies contained com-
plete sets of the famous Views of Audley End, by Henry
Winstanley.
Kip, William Ingraham, D.D., b. Oct. 3, 1811, in
the city of New York, was educated at Rutgers College,
and at Yale College; ordained deacon in the Prot. Epis.
Church, 1835; stationed successively at St. Peter's Church,
Morristown, New Jersey, at Grace Church, New York, (as
assistant minister,) and at St. Peter's Church, Albany;
consecrated Missionary Bishop of California in 1853, and
since that date has resided at San Francisco. 1. The
Lenten Fast, N. York, 1843, 6 eds. 2. The Double Wit-
ness of the Church, 1844, 7 eds. 3. The Christmas Holi-
days in Rome, 1845, 2 eds.; Lon., 1846, 3 eds. 4. Early
Jesuit Missions in North America, New York, 1846, 2 eds.
5. Early Conflicts of Christianity, 1850, 2 eds.; Lon., 1850.
6. The Catacombs of Rome, N. York, 1854, 3 eds.; Lon.,
edited by the Rev. W. Sewell, Fellow of Exeter Coll., Oxf.,
2 eds. By this work and his preceding publications, Bishop
Kip has gained an extensive reputation in the literary
world. He has also contributed many papers to The New
York Review, Church Review, Evergreen, American
Monthly Magazine, Churchman, &c., and edited in 1850,
with Preface and Notes, the Confessions of a Romish Con-
Since the above was written, we notice a new work
upor the Roman Catacombs, by the Rev. Spencer North-
cote, Lon., 1857, sm. 8vo.
vert.
Kipling, Thomas, D.D., d. 1822, Dean of Peterbo-
rough, pub. The Articles of the Ch. of Eng. proved not to
be Calvinistical, 1802, Svo, and some other works, and
edited the Codex Beza Cantab., 1793, 2 vols. fol. See
Horne's Bibl. Bib.; Orme's Bibl. Bib. Porson considered
Kipling one of the best Grecians of his day. The work
on the Articles was written in answer to Overton's True
Churchman Ascertained.
Kippax, John. Commerce, &c., Lon., 1751, 2 vols.
8vo.
Kippis, Andrew, D.D., 1725-1795, Unitarian divine,
minister of a congregation at Boston, Lincolnshire, 1746,
of another at Dorking, 1750, and of another at Westmin-
ster, 1753, was the editor of The Library, a periodical, and
of Doddridge's Lectures, a contributor to the New Annual
Register, the Monthly Magazine, the Gentlemen's Maga-
zine, &c., and pub. a number of Serms., the Life of Lard-
ner, of Captain James Cook, &c. He is, however, best
known as the editor and co-author of the new ed. of the
Biographia Britannica, of which five vols. fol. were pub.,
1778-93, ending abruptly with the article "Fastolff." A
part of vol. vi.—Featiey-Foster-was printed.
"Of this precious portion there are but two known copies in ex-
istence."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 499, q. v., et p. 409.
And see Preface to this Dictionary, p. 5. A vol. of
Kippis's Serms. on Practical Subjects was pub. in 1791,
8vo.
"The style is natural and animated, and the method perspicuous.”
—Analyt. Review.
The natural powers of his mind were cultivated with an assi
duity and perseverance of application in which he had few supo-
riors and not many equals.”—Dr. Rers's Cyc.
|
As a proof of his application, we may instance his pe-
rusal of the General Dictionary, 10 vols. fol., 1734-41, a
feat which we imagine was never accomplished by any
one else.
See Rees's Funeral Sermon for Dr. Kippis, and
his Cyclopædia; Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors, ed. 1840,
196, 220, 221, 224, 233, 234, 235; Gent. Mag., vols. Ixv.,
lxvi., lxxiv.
Kirby, Judge Ephraim, d. 1804. Reports of Cases
in Supreme Ct. of Conn., &c., 1758-SS, Litchfield, 1789,
Svo. The first vol. of Reports printed in the United
States.
Kirby, George. Madrigalls, Lon., 1597, 4to.
Kirby, Jeremiah, M.D. 1. Tables of the Materia
Medica, Edin., 1805, 12mo. 2. Alex. Monro, M.D.'s Ana-
tomy revised, &c., 1810, 12mo.
Kirby, John. The Trinity, Lon., 1752, 8vo.
Kirby; John, b. 1690. The Suffolk Traveller, Ips-
wich. 1735, 8vo; 2d ed., with addits., &c., Lon., 1764, 8vo.
Kirby, John. Angler's Museum; 1784, 12mo.
Kirby, John Joshua, 1716-1774, son of John Kirby,
author of The Suffolk Traveller, (ante,) and uncle of Rev.
William Kirby, entomologist, (post.) 1. Dr. Brook Taylor's
Method of Perspective Compared, &c., Lon., 1757, 4tc.
Perspective of Architecture, 1761, 2 vols. fol. 3. Dr.Brook
Taylor's Perspective Made Easy, 1768, 4to.
2.
Kirby, Joshua. 12 Prints of Monasteries, Castles,
&c., 1748, fol. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1075.
Kirby, R. S. Wonderful and Eccentric Magazine,
Lon., 1803, 6 vols. 8vo; 1820, 3 vols. cr. Svo.
"An extraordinary collection of curious biographies, including
those of the most remarkable misers, criminals, persons labouring
under bodily deformity, or celebrated for extreme longevity, dwarfs,
giants, are also many curious narratives
and superstition.”
Kirby, Richard. 1. Vates Astrologicus, 1683, 4to
Watt (Bibl. Brit.) ascribes this book to William Kirby. 2.
Marrow of Astrology, Lon., 1687, 4to. 3. Catastrophe
Galliæ et Hiberniæ; an Impartial Judgment denoting
the Destruction of Ireland, 1690, 4to.
Kirby, Thomas. 1. Essay on Criticism, Lon., 1758,
Svo. 2. An Analysis of the Electrical Fire, 1778, Svo.
Kirby, Thomas. 1. New ed. of Bowditch's Prac.
Navigator, 1804, Svo.
Navigator, 1804, Svo. 2. Tribute to Wm. Pitt, Lon., 1806,
Svo.
Kirby, William. See KIRBY, RICHARD.
Kirby, William. Rules and Orders of the Ct. of
Exchequer, &c., Lon., 1794, 8vo.
Kirby, William, 1759-1850, Rector of Barham, Suf-
folk, a native of Suffolk, educated at Caius College, Cam-
bridge, was the author of a number of valuable contribu-
tions to the literature of entomology and zoology, of which
the following are the best-known. 1. Monographia Apum
Angliæ, Ipswich, 1802, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Animals seen by
the late Northern Expedition whilst within the Arctic
Circle, Lon., 1821, 4to.
Circle, Lon., 1821, 4to. This is a supplement to the Ap-
pendix of Capt. Parry's Voyage for the Discovery of a
North-West Passage. 3. Fauna Boreali Americaña, Pt.
4 and last, Norwich, 1837, 4to. See Rich's Bibl. Amer.
Nova, ii. 214. 4. The History, Habits, and Instincts of
Animals, Lon., 1835, 2 vols. 8vo. Also repub. in Bohn's
Scientific Library. See an account of the Bridgewater
Treatises, p. 245 of this Dictionary. 5. In conjunction
with William Spence, An Introduction to Entomology;
or, Elements of the Natural History of Insects, 4 vols. 8vo;
vol. i., 1815; ii., 1817; iii., iv., 1826. 6th ed. of vols. i.
and ii., (being the popular portion of the work,) enlarged
and corrected, 1842, 2 vols. 8vo, 318. 6d. 7th ed. of do.,
1856, cr. Svo, 58. 4000 copies sold in less than a year.
This last ed. contains an Appendix by Mr. Spence, giving
an account of the origin and history of the work. To this
appendix in the Lon. Gent. Mag., Aug. 1850, The Literary
Gazette, The Gardener's Chronicle, Blackwood's Mag., i.
569, n., and especially to the Rev. John Freeman's Life;
of Mr. Kirby, 1852, 8vo, (and the review of the last in tho
1036
KIR
KIR
Athenæum, 1852, 841-843,) we refer the reader. In 1829, !
Mr. Kirby pub. a vol. of Sermons on the Temptation of
Christ, 8vo. The original ed. of the Introduction to En-
tomology-4 vols. 8vo, pub. at £3 188.-is now (1857) very
scarce. The scientific reader should possess this work, and
should add to it Yeate's Institutions of Entomology, Cur-
tis's trans. of Fundamenta Entomologiæ, Barbut's Genera
Insectorum, and M. de Reaumur's Mémoires pour servir à
l'Histoire des Insectes, Paris, 1734, & vols. 4to, worth about
£1 10%. to £2 in good binding. But for a country parlour-
book, the 7th ed. of vols. i. and ii. of Kirby and Spence's
Entomology, now to be had for 58., will answer the pur-
pose. By all means place by its side the Journal of a Na-
turalist, Mr. J. O. Westwood's entomological works, Sir
Win. Jardine's ed. of White's Natural History and Anti-
quities of Selborne, and Sir W. Jardine's Naturalist's Li-
brary. See JARDINE, SIR WM., Bart., No. 3.
“Let no man think he knows how to enjoy the country who has
not studied the volumes of Kirby and Spence's delightful Introduc-
tion."-Lon. Quar. Rev., Dec. 1842.
16
This work, the delight of our youth, and the admiration of our
mature age, is well known as the most entertaining account of the
habits of insects ever published in a popular form.”—DR. LINDLEY,
in the Gardener's Chronicle, Dec. 3, 1842.
|
"No work in the English language, we believe, has done more
than Kirby and Spence's learned and popular Introduction to spread
the taste for Natural History at honie,' &c.—Natural History Re-
view, July, 1855, 61, q. v.
Kirby and Spence's Entomology has been translated
into French and German.
Kirbye, George. See KIRBY.
Kirk. Outlines from Figures, &c., Lon., 1804,
4to.
Kirk, Edward Norris, D.D., b. 1802, in the city of
New York, Secretary of the Evangelical Society, graduated
at Princeton College, founded the Fourth Presbyterian
Church of Albany, and was for many years stationed in
Boston. 1. Serins. in England and America, with Introduc-
tion by Dr. Cox, Lon., 1841, 12mo. 2. Lects. on Christ's
Parables. 3. Serms., Bost., 1857. 4. A trans. of Gaussen
on the Inspiration of the Scriptures. 5. A trans. of Attic's
Lects. on the Literature of the Times of Louis XIV. Dr.
Kirk has also pub. more than thirty occasional serms. and
addresses on various subjects. A biographical account of
Dr. Kirk, who enjoys great reputation as a pulpit-orator,
will be found in the American Pulpit, New York, 1856, ii.
4S.
Kirk, Rey. John. See CORKER, JAMES.
Kirkbride, John. The Northern Angler; or, Fly-
Fisher's Companion, Lon., 1840, 12mo; 2d ed., 1855,
12ino,
Kirkbride, Thomas S., M.D., b. 1809, near Morris-
ville, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, is descended from
ancestors who arrived with William Penn, and the family
have always adhered to the doctrines taught by the
Society of Friends. The subject of this notice gra-
duated in the Medical Department of the University of
Pennsylvania in 1832; was Resident Physician to
Friends' Asylum for the Insane, Frankford, Pa., 1832;
do. to the Penna. Hospital, 1833-34; Physician to the
Penna. Hospital for the Insane, Phila. 1841-57, (the pre-
sent date.) 1. Rules and Regulations for the Penna.
Hospital for the Insane, Phila., 1850. 2. Construction,
Organization, and General Arrangements of Hospitals for
the Insane, 1854. 3. Appeal for the Insane, 1854. 4.
Sixteen Annual Reports of the Penna. Hospital for the
Insane,-viz.: 1842-57. 5. Papers on Medical and Sur-
gical Subjects, from 1834, in the Amer. Jour. of the Med.
Sciences, and essays on Insanity and the Cure of the In-
sane, in the Amer. Jour. of Insanity, from its commence-
ment in 1844. Notices of Nos. 1, 2, and 3 may be found
in the Amer. Jour. of the Med. Sciences; the Amer. Jour.
of Insanity; Winslow's (London, Psychological Jour-
nal, &c.
·
We have heard the eminent publicist, Dr. Francis
Lieber,-whose opportunities for observation in European
countries have been superior to those of most men,-ex-
press the highest admiration for Dr. Kirkbride's sagacity
in the exercise of the duties of his responsible and dith-
cult office, that of a medical director of the insane. In-
deed, lie is more than a director: he is truly a pater-
familias, and, as such, is beloved and revered by the
children of his adoption.
Kirkby, Christopher. Medical and other papers
in Phil. Trans., 1671, '72, '73.
Kirkby, John, tutor, for eighteen months, to Gib-
bon the historian. 1. Arithmetical Institutions, Lon.,
1735, 4to. 2. Capacity and Extent of the Human Under-
standing; or, the Case of Automathes, 1745.
"Aspires to the honours of a philosophical fiction."-EDWARD
GIBBON.
A review of this work will be found in the Lon. Retrosp.
Rev., x., 1824, 78-88. 3. English and Latin Grammar,
1746.
*:
The Grammar is executed with accuracy and skill, and I know
not whether any better existed at the time in our language.”.
EDWARD GIBBON.
4. Doctrine of Ultimators, 1748, 4to. See Gibbon's
Miscell. Works; Retrosp. Rev., ubi supra.
Kirke, John. The Seven Champions of Christen-
dom, Lon., 1638, 4to.
Kirke, Capt. John. 1. Duties of Light Cavalry,
1805, 12mo. 2. Duties of Riflemnen, 1805, 12ino.
Kirke, Robert. Trial of J. Crookshanks, 1772.
Kirke, T. Midnight Reveries, 1816, 8vo.
Kirke, Thomas. Modern Account of Scotland,
1679, 4to.
"To the circumstances narrated in this pamphlet, the author,
aware of their questionable nature, was not so honest as to sub
scribe his name nor so bold as to permit the work to be pub
lished."-Wall's Bibl. Brit.
"A lying old book.”—Blackw. Mag., ii. 280, where see extracta
from this very laughable production.
It would have delighted Dr. Johnson.
Kirkes, William Senhouse, M.D., Demonstrator
of Morbid Anatomy at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, &c.,
and James Paget, Lect. on General Anatomy and Phy.
siology in St. Bartholomew's Hospital. 1. A Hand-Book
of Physiology, Lon., 1848, 12mo; 2d ed., 1852, p. 8vo;
3d ed., 1856, 8vo; Phila., 1849, 12mo; 2d Amer. ed.,
1853, r. 12mo.
"We predict that this will take its place as a standard work on
physiology in all our medical schools and colleges."-Med. Gaz.
The work is particularly adapted to those who desire to possess
a concise digest of the facts of human physiology."-Brit. and For.
Med.-Chirurg. Rev.
2. W. S. Kirkes' and Wm. Baly's Recent Advances in
the Physiology of Motion, &c., 1845, 8vo. This is a
supp. to vol. ii. of Prof. Müller's Physiology.
Kirkham, Samuel. 1. Exercises in Elocution,
N.Y., 12wo. 2. English Grammar, 12mo.
Kirkland, Mrs. Caroline M., formerly Miss Stans-
bury, a native of the city of New York, is the widow of
the late William Kirkland, (post,) for some time Professor
in Hamilton College. A residence of two or three days
at Detroit and its vicinity gave this lady that intimate
knowledge of Western manners which, under the naine
of Mrs. Mary Clavers, she has communicated to a large
circle of readers. 1. A New Home: Who'll Follow? by
Mrs. Mary Clavers, N. York, 1839, 12mo.
..
· We recommend the book to all who have an appetite for what
is humorous and graphic in the light literature of America.”—
Lm. Athenæum. 1839. 1982.
**
A remarkably clever and amusing book, written with much
point and feminine tact, and imparting the most lively idea of the
life of a settler in the backwoods.”—Scotsman.
• We do not know whether Clavers is an assumed or a real
name; but we are certain that the book which bears it will confer
on its author no unenviable reputation. It is a work of striking
merit, such as we do not often meet with in these days of repetition
and imitation. . . .
.. One of the most spirited and useful works
which have yet been produced in this country."-PROF. C. C. FEL-
TON: N. Amer. Rev., 1. 206.
2. Forest Life, by Mrs. Mary Clavers, 1842, 2 vols.
12mo.
We discover in it the same mental peculiarities and powers
which struck us with so much force in the New Home: the same
artist-like power of bold delineation, the same quick glance into
characters, and an equal readiness and vigour of hand in hitting
off their peculiarities.”—PROF. C. C. FELTON: N. Amer. Rev., lv.
510-519.
3. Western Clearings, by Mrs. Mary Clavers, 1846,
12mo. 4. An Essay on the Life and Writings of Spenser,
prefixed to an ed. of the First Book of the Fairy Queer,
1846, 12mo: 1854, 12mo.
*6
'We would recommend the version by Mrs. Kirkland, in mo
dern verse, to those who wish to enjoy this exquisite poem freed
from its impurities."-Kent s Outline of a Course of English Read-
ing, Oakley's ed., 1853, 93.
5. Holidays Abroad; or, Europe from the West, 1849,
2 vols. 12mo. The results of observations during her
first visit to Europe,-1849. Mrs. Kirkland again visited
Europe in 1850. 6. The Evening-Book; or, Fireside
Talk on Morals and Manners, with Sketches of Western
Life, 1852, 8vo. 7. The Book of Home Beauty, 1852;
with 12 Illustrations: the letter-press by Mrs. Kirkland.
8. A Book for the Home Circle; or, Familiar Thoughts
on Various Topics, Literary, Moral, and Social, 1853,
Svo; 1854, Svo. 9. The Helping Hand; comprising an
Account of the Home for Discharged Female Convicts,
1853, sm. 4to. 10. Autumn Hours and Fireside Read-
ings, 1854, 8vo. 11. Garden Walks with the Poets, 1854,
In
12. Memoirs of Washington, 1857, 12mo.
12mo.
1037
KIR
KIT
July, 1847, Mrs. Kirkland assumed the editorial duties
connected with the Union Magazine, just commenced in
New York. In 1849 the proprietorship of this periodical
changed hands, and it was henceforth issued in Phila-
delphia, under the title of Sartain's Magazine, and con-
ducted by Prof. John S. Hart, assisted until 1851 (to the
extent of a monthly contribution) by Mrs. Kirkland.
"Of all its brilliant array of contributors," says Mr. Hart, |
"there was not one whose articles gave such entire and uniform
satisfaction as those of Mrs. Kirkland."-Female Prose-Writers
of America, J. v.
See also Griswold's Prose-Writers of America; Mrs.
Hale's Woman's Record; Poe's Literati; Internat. Mag.,
iv. 700.
"Mrs. Kirkland has attained a success which may well serve as
a monitor and guide to those who, upon less judicious plans, are
labouring to create an American literature."-R. W. GRISWOLD:
ubi supra.
46
Unquestionably she is one of our best writers,—has a province
of her own, and in that province has few equals. Her most notice-
able trait is a certain freshness of style, seemingly drawn, as her
subjects in general, from the West. In the second place is to be
observed a species of wit, approximating humour, and so inter-
spersed with pure fun, that wit,' after all, is nothing like a defini-
tion of it.... Her perceptive faculties enable her to describe with
great verisimilitude."-EDGAR A. Poɛ: ubi supra.
Kirkland, James, 1721-1798, pub. a work on Medi-chemist.
cal Surgery, 1783-$6, 2 vols. 8vo, (Appendix, 1813, Svo,)
and some other professional treatises, 1754-92.
Kirkland, James. Appendix to Thomas Kirk-
land's Medical Surgery, from his MSS., &c., Lon., 1813,
Svo.
Kirkland, William, 1800-1846, husband of Mrs.
Caroline M. Kirkland, and for some time a professor at
Hamilton College, acquired considerable reputation by
contributious to periodicals, of which a series--Letters
from Abroad-was perhaps the most popular. See Gris-
wold's Prose Writers of America; Poe's Literati.
Kirkman, Francis. The Wits; or, Sport upon
Sport: being a Curious Collection of several Drols, 1640.
Other eds. Pt. 2 was written by Robert Cox, (q. v.)
Kirkman was the author of a number of plays, &c. See
Langhaine's Dramat. Poets; Biog. Dramat.; Lowndes's
Bibl. Man.
|
Kirkman, James Thomas. 1. Life of Charles
Macklin, Lon., 1799, 2 vols. Evo. See Green's Diary of a
Lover of Lit., Ipswich, 1810, 222. 2. Letter to the Lord-
2. Letter to the Lord-
Mayor, 1811, Svo.
Kirkpatrick, H. 1. Serms., Lon., 1785, Svo. 2. On
Potatoes, 1796, Svo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Kirkpatrick, J., M.D. The Sea Piece; a Poem,
Lon., 1750, Svo. In the preface occurs a defence of Mil-
ton against the aspersions of Lauder.
Kirkpatrick, J. Hist. of the Religious Orders and
Communities and of the Hospitals and College of Nor-
wich; edited from the MS. by Dawson Turner, 1848, Svo.
Kirkpatrick—a contemporary and friend of Blomefield and Le
Neve-was a most laborious antiquary, and made valuable collec-
tions for the city of Norwich.”—Editor's Preface.
6.
Kirkpatrick, Rev. James, of Belfast. Historical
Essay upon the Loyalty of Presbyterians from the Re-
formation to 1713, 1713, 4to. Anon. Very rare.
Some-
times attributed, under another name, to John McBride,
of Belfast.
Kirkpatrick, James,
James, M.D.
Lon., 1751, 54, '65, '69.
Medical treatises,
Kirkpatrick, John. Reason of Faith, 1755, 12mo.
Kirkpatrick, William, Col. in the E.I. Company's
Service. 1. Biography of Persian Poets. 2. Account of
the Kingdom of Nepaul, Lon., 1811, 4to; 1816.
"This is one of the best accessions to our information respecting
this part of Asia which has been produced by our establishments
in India.”—Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
It contains an extensive vocabulary of the Parbutti,
Newar Korth, and other languages, with engraved speci-
mens. An elaborate review of the work will be found in
the Lon. Quar. Rev., v. 303-332. And see Dibdin's Lib.
Comp., 426, 427. 3. Select Letters of Tippoo Sultaun,
1811, 4to.
Kirkpatrick, Rev. William. Pious Meditations,
1805, 12mo.
Kirkton, James. The Secret and True Hist. of the
Church of Scotland from the Restoration to 1678, &c.;
edited by C. K. Sharpe, Edin., 1817, 4to.
"This singular and entertaining volume carries with it a de-
gree of authenticity scarcely pretended to by other authors of
the time."-SIR WALTER SCOTT: Lom. Quar. Rev., xviii. 502-541,
4. v.
"Mr. Kirkus reads before he writes, and, what is more, bestows
some discriminating and independent' thought of his own on the
it.... The style is remarkable for its clearness, directness, and
material of his reading before he ventures to discourse about
impressiveness."-Brit. Quar. Rev.
Here is promise of far more than common intellectual power."
Wesleyan-Methodist Magazine.
Kirkwood, James, a Scotch schoolmaster, pub.
Latin Grammars and some other works, 1675-98. Seo
Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen.
Kirkwood, R. 1. Method of Teaching Writing,
180S, Svo. 2. Illustrations of the City of Edinburgh,
1818, imp. fol.
Kirle, Major R. Letters to a Friend, fol.
Kirshaw, Rev. S. D. 1. Antiquarian paper in
Phil. Trans., viii. 453. 2. Effect of Lightning; ibid., xiii.
420.
"Rather an interesting, and certainly a valuable, work."-
Blackw. Mag., ii. 305-309, q. v.
Kirkus, William. Christianity, Theoretical and
Practical, Lon., 1851, p. 8vo.
-
Kirtland, Dorrance.
Treat. on the Practice in
Surrogate's Ct. in the State of N. York, Albany, 1835, 8vo.
Kirton, Henry. See KERTON.
Kirwan. See MURRAY, NICHOLAS, D.D.
Kirwan, F. D. Trans. of the Parisian Sanhedrim;
from the French of Talma, 1807, Svo.
Kirwan, Richard, LL.D., d. 1812, an eminent Irish
1. Elements of Mineralogy, Lon., 1784, 8vo; 3d
ed., 1810, 2 vols. Svo. On the Wernerian method. 2. Tem-
perature of different Latitudes, 1787, Svo. 3. Phlogiston
and Acids, 1787, '89, Svo. 4. Manures, 1796, 1809, Sro.
5. Analysis of Mineral Waters, 1799, 8vo. 6. Geological
Essays, 1799, Svo. 7. Logic, 1807-09, 2 vols. 8vo. 8.
Metaphysical Essays, 1809, 8vo.
Kirwan pub. many
papers on chemistry, meteorology, agriculture, &c. in
Phil. Trans., Trans. Irish Acad., and Nic. Jour., 1781-
1808. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Kirwan, Walter Blake, 1754-1805, a native of
Galway, Ireland, educated at the College of the English
Jesuits at St. Omer; appointed Prof. of Natural and Moral
Philosophy at Louvain; embraced the Protestant faith,
1787, and became minister of St. Peter's Church, Dublin,
Preb, of Howth, and minister of St. Nicholas-Without,
1788; Dean of Killala, 1800. Serms., with a Sketch of
his Life, 1814, Svo; 1816, 8vo. This vol.-containing
thirteen serms.-is now rare. Some copies are on large
paper, r. Svo, pub. at one guinea. Few preachers of any
age have enjoyed the popularity of this divine. Such
crowds thronged to hear him that it was found necessary
to defend the entrance of the church, where he was to
preach, with guards and palisadoes. His success was so
great in charity-sermons that Mr. Grattan declared, some
time before Kirwan's death, that he had collected in this
way £60,000.
"Dr. Kirwan preferred our country and our religion, and brought
to both genius superior to what he found in either. He called
forth the latent virtues of the human heart, and taught men to
discover in themselves a mine of charity of which the proprietors
had been unconscious. He came to interrupt the repose of the
pulpit, and shakes one world with the thunder of the other. The
preacher's desk becomes the throne of light.”—Mr. Grallan's
Speech, June 19, 1792.
"The eloquence of the pulpit has never among us been carried
to such perfection, nor have we heard of any preacher in Great
Chironomia.
Britain to be compared with him in this respect.”—REV. G. AUSTIN:
See a review of Kirwan's Sermons in the London Quar.
Rev., xi. 130-138. When published, they greatly disap-
pointed the expectations of Kirwan's admirers.
"Dean Kirwan's sermons are known to have produced the most
extraordinary effects in later times. Persons have gone to church
without much fear of being induced, as others had been, to give
more to the charity for which the Dean was to preach than they
could afford; but, after resisting for some time, they have ended
by throwing down their watches and rings, and whatever else of
value they had about them."-LORD BROUGHAM: Contrib. to Edin.
Ree.. Lon, and Glas., 1856, i. 104.
Kitchen, Thomas.
Thomas. 1. General Atlas, Lon., 1773,
fol. 2. Traveller's Guide through England and Wales,
1783, 4to. 3. Universal Atlas, 1796, fol.
Kitchener, Henry Thomas. Letters on Marriage,
1812. 2 vols. 12mo.
Kitchener, William, M.D., 1775-1827, a native of
London, celebrated for writing good books and giving
good dinners. 1. On Telescopes, 1814, 8vo. Reviewed
in Lon. Gent. Mag., lxxxv., Pt. 2, 55: 3d ed., 1819;
reviewed in Lon. Gent. Mag., Ixxxix., Pt. 2, 614.
2. Apicius Redivivus; or, Cook's Oracle, 1817, 12mo.
Many eds. Highly commended in Edin. Rev., March,
1821; Lon. Month. Rev., Dec. 1821; Fraser's Mag.,
Aug. 1851; Supp. to 6th ed. Encyc. Brit., art. Food.
See also Noctes Ambros., July, 1823, June, 1824; Ma-
ginn's Odoherty Papers, N. York, 1855, i. 123, ii. 157;
and a review of the Cook's Oracle in Blackwood's Mag.,
*1038
KIT
KNA
x. 563--569. 3. Observations on Vocal Music, 1821, 12mo.
Reviewed in Gent. Mag., xcii., Pt. i. 55. 4. Art of Invigor-
ating and Prolonging Life. 1822, fp. 8vo. Many eds.
5. The Loyal National Songs of England, 1823, fol.
“A good. jovial, loyal book it is.”—CHRISTOPHER NORTH: Noctes
Ambros., July, 1823; and see Blackwood's Mag., xiv. 4.
6. The Housekeeper's Oracle, 12mo. 7. Horse and Car-
riage Oracle, 12mo. 8. The Economy of the Eyes, 1825,
2 Parts, 12mo: Part 1. Spectacles, Opera-Glasses, &c.,
reviewed in Gent. Mag., xcv., Pt. 2, 1608; Part 2. Of
Telescopes, reviewed in Gent. Mag., xcvi., Pt. 1, 1558.
9. The Traveller's Oracle; or, Maxims for Locomotion,
1827, 2 vols. 12mo; reviewed by Christopher North in
Blackwood's Mag., xxii. 445-465; reprinted in C. N.'s
Recreations. Dr. K. also puh. a paper on Achromatic
Glasses, &c, in Phil. Mag., xlvi. 122, 1815. A biographi-
cal notice of the author will be found in Gent. Mag., May,
1827.
Kitchin, John. 1. Jurisdictions; or, the Lawful
Authority of Courts, Lon., 1580, by R. Antrobus and T.
Impey, 1675, 8vo. There have been about sixteen eds. of
this book, some in French.
“A book of good authority, and the rather, because founded on
old determinations, not advancing fancies of their own."-WILLES:
2 Ves., 609.
2. Returna Brevium, 1581, 8vo; 1585, 16mo.
Kite, Charles, d. 1811. 1. Recovery of the Ap-
parently Dead, Lon., 1788, 8vo. 2. Essays and Observa-
tions, Physiological and Medical, 1795, Svo. 3. Four
papers in Memoirs Med., 1792. '95.
Kith, William. See KETHE.
Kitson, Roger. English Grammar, 1807, 12mo.
Kittle, Rev. Samuel. Church of Smyrna, Lon.,
1812, Svo.
Kitto, John, D.D., 1804-1854, a native of Plymouth,
the son of a mason, whilst assisting his father, fell from
the roof of a building. (this was in his twelfth year.) and
was so severely injured in the organ of hearing that he
was totally deaf for the remainder of his life. Applying
himself early to theological studies, he gave the results
of his investigations to the world in a series of volumes
than which. none have done more to diffuse Biblical know-
ledge throughout Great Britain and America. 1. The
Pictorial Bible, 1835-38, 3 vols. Svo; 1847-19, 4 vols. 4to;
1850, 4 vols. imp. 8vo. New ed. announced, 1855. The
Notes, with many wood-cuts, under the title of The Illus-
trated Commentary, were reprinted in 1840, 5 vols. Svo.
2. Uncle Oliver's Travels in Persia, 1838, 2 vols. 18mo;
subsequently in 1 vol. In this work we have an account
of Mr. Kitto's Adventures in Persia. 3. Pictorial Hist.
3. Pictorial Hist.
of Palestine, 1841, 2 vols. r. Svo; 1852, p. Svo; abridged,
1843, 12mo.
sequently in 1 vol. See N. Brit. Rev., vi. 175; (sama
article, Liv. Age, xiii. 49;) West. Rev., Iv. 343; Liv. Age,
(from the Lon. Athenæum,) viii. 57. 8. Ancient Jerusalem,
1846, 12mo. 9. Modern Jerusalem, 1847, 12mo. 10. Essays
and Letters, with a Memoir, 12mo. 11. Pictorial Life of
our Saviour, 1847, 4to. 12. The Olive, Vine, and Palm,
1848, 12mo. 13. Physical Geography of the Holy Land,
1848, 2 vols. 18mo. 14. The Tabernacle and its Furniture,
1849, 4to. 15. The Court of Persia, &c., 1849, 18mo;
1850. 16. The People of Persia, 1849, 18mo. 17. The
Bible Hist. of the Holy Land, 1849, Svo; 3d ed., 1850,
8vo; 4th ed., 1855, 8vo. 18. Daily Bible Illustrations:
Morning Readings, 1849-51, 4 vols. 12mo; Evening
Readings, 1851–53, 4 vols. 12ino.
"I cannot lose this opportunity of recommending, in the strongest
and most emphatic manner I can command. this invaluable series
of books. I believe, for the elucidation of the historic parts of
Scripture. there is nothing comparable with them in the Englisb
or any other language."-REV. JOHN ANGELL James.
19. Scripture Lands Described, 1850, sm. Svo. 20. The
Land of Promise, 1851, 12mo. 21. History of Palestine,
1851, 12mo. 22. Eastern Habitations, 1852, 12mo. 23.
Pictorial Family Bible, 1852, 2 vols. 4to. To these rols.
the Biblical scholar must add Kitto's Sunday Readings
for Christian Families, 1853-55, 8 vols. sm. Svo; and his
Journal of Sacred Literature, (the latter vols. edited by
11 vols. 8vo, 1848-53.
Dr. Burgess,) 1st series, 7 vols., 2d series, 4 vols.; in all
literary labours of this useful writer and excellent man,
For a detailed account of the
we refer to Memoirs of John Kitto, D.D., by J. E. Ryland,
Esq. With a Critical Estimate of Dr. Kitto's Life and
Writings by Professor Eadie, D.D., LL.D., 1856, Svo.
With Portrait and Illustrations. Reviewed in the London
Spectator:
Since
see Bost. Living Age, lii. 445–447.
the above was prepared for the press, there has been pub.
a Life of John Kitto, D.D., by John Eadie, Edin., 1857.
The London Athenæum (June 27, 1857) prefers this bio-
graphy to either Dr. Kitto's (The Lost Senses) or to Mr.
Ryland's.
6. The Pictorial Sunday-Book, 1845, fol. 7. The Lost
Senses: Deafness and Blindness, 1845, 2 vols. Svo; sub-
Dr. Kitto died Nov. 25, 1854, at Cannstadt in Wurtem-
burg, whither he had gone in quest of health. He left
a widow and seven children.
"The name of Dr. Kitto is now immortally associated with bibli
cal study and literature. The measure of his success is not more
amazing in its amount than the means by which he reached it,
His life is as instructive as are his labours, and both combined pre-
sent an unequalled picture of triumph over obstacles which have
been rarely so surmounted, and over circumstances which few have
ventured to encounter, and which fewer still have mastered to such
advantage.... What a contrast between the deaf and dumb pauper-
boy of 1819, wheedled into a workhouse to keep him from hunger
and fasting, cold and nakeducss,' and the John Kitto of 1854.—Doc-
tiquaries, Editor of the Pictorial Bible and Biblical Cyclopædia,
tor of Theology, though a layman. Member of the Society of An-
and author of the Daily Bible Illustrations! The interval between
the two extremes was long, and sometimes gloomy; yet he bore
bravely up, with earnest resolution and strong faith in God."-DR.
EADIE.
:
"Beyond all dispute, this is the best historical compendium of
the Holy Land, from the days of Abraham to those of the late
Pasha of Egypt, Mehemet Ali.”—Edin. Rev.
4. Gallery of Scripture Engravings, 1841-43, 3 vols.
4to 1846-47, 4to. 5. Cyclopædia of Biblical Literature,
1843-45, 2 vols. Svo; 1847, 2 vols. r. Svo; abridged, 1849,
Svo; 1850, Svo; 1855. Svo. One of the abridgments is
called The People's Edition. The Cyclopædia is com-
posed of contributions by many eminent writers. We
have more commendations before us of this work than we
have time even to count. From these we select the eulo-
From these we select the eulo- |
gium of a Biblical scholar whose "name is a tower of
strength" in his chosen department of research:
Kittowe, Robert. Love's Load-Star, Lon., 1660, 4to.
Klebitius, William. De Buccella intineta quain
Comedit Judas, Matt. xxvi., Lon., 1660. See Crit. Sac., vi.
Klose, C. L. Memoirs of Prince Charles Stuart, &c.,
Lon., 1846, 2 vols. 8vo. The historical student should
own this valuable work. See JOHNSTONE, CHEVALIER de.
London. was noted for the excellence of his pieces.
Klose, F. G., d. 1830, a musical composer, b. in
"It is not too much to say that this Cyclopædia surpasses every
biblical dictionary which has preceded it, and that it leaves nothing
to be desired in such a work which can throw light on the cri-
ticism, interpretation, history, geography, archæology, and phy-
sical science of the Bible. It is beautifully printed, and is illus-
trated with fourteen engravings of maps and views, besides more
than five hundred well-executed woodcuts of subjects calculated to
elucidate the Holy Scriptures."-Horne's Introduction to the Criti
cal Study of the Holy Scriptures. 9th edit., vol. v. p. 437.
Knaggs, Samuel. Unsoundness of Mind considered
in relation to the Question of Responsibility in Criminal
Cases, Lon., 1854, Svo.
"Well written. and does the author great credit."-Brit. and
For. Med.-Chir. Rer,
Knaggs, Thomas, Lecturer of St. Giles-in-the-
Fields, pub. a number of serms., 1691-1722.
Knapen, D. M. Mechanics' Assistant, N. York,
1849, 12mo.
"We regard it as a most important and practically-useful con-
tribution to the cause of sound biblical learning, and have no
doubt that it will soon take the place, in the estimate of scholars,
of every compilation of the kind. The enlistment of so many
scholars in the production of a single work, each one presenting, in
a brief compass, the results of a lifetime of research, in precisely
the matters where he is most at home, could not fail of enriching |
it with an amount of learning and scholarship to which, of course, Knapp, F. H. Botanical Chart of British Flower-
the work of no single mind, however great, could pretend.”—Bibli- | ing Plants and Ferns, Lon., 1837, Svo. A useful com-
· cal Repository.
**
Strictly practical, and to mechanics especially valuable.”.
Scientific American.
"This work is at once learned, convenient, and interesting.panion for a rural excursion.
especially rich in embellishments. It is, however, the work of
many hands, in Great Britain and some even in Germany, and of
these some are very loose in their opinions. The work is, there-
fore, to be used with great discrimination."— Nevin's Biblical
Antiq.. Phila., 41.
Kittoe, Capt. Indian Architecture, Pts. 1-17, fol.
Kittoe, W. H. 1. Domestic Medical Pocket-Book,
1838, 12mo; 3d ed., 1844. 2. Consumption and Asthma,
1842. fp. 8vo; 2d ed.. 1845, 18mo. 3. Ladies' Medical
Friend; 2d ed., 1845. 18mo.
Knapp, H. J. 1. Abridgt. of Universal History,
Lon., 1809, 12mo.
"Executed with much judgment, knowledge, and propriety.”—
Lon. Month. Rev.
2. Thanksgiving Serm., 1816, 4to.
Knapp, J. L. Gramina Britannics, Lon., 1804, 4to,
£S So.; 2d ed., 1842, 4to, £3 168., 118 col'd Plates.
1039
KNA
KNI
dener's Chronicle.
"With Mr. Knapp's book before him, no one can have the least
difficulty in making himself master of the subject."-Lon. Gar-
Knapp, J. W. 1. Privy Council Reports, 2 G. IV.
&c., Lon., 1831-36, 3 vols. 8vo. See 25 Law Mag., 377.
2. With E. Ombler, Election Cases, 4 & 5 W. IV., 1837,
Svo.
Knapp, Samuel Lorenzo, 1784-1838, a native of
Newburyport, Massachusetts, graduated at Dartmouth
College, 1804, and subsequently practised law. In 1824
he assumed the editorial duties connected with the Boston
Gazette, and in 1826 started the short-lived National Re-
publican. He was also editor of the Boston Monthly
Magazine. 1. Travels in North America, &c., by Ali
"I have never ceased to consider myself responsible for the
Bey, Bost., 1818, 18mo. 2. Biographical Sketches of general character of the work, although my editorial labours had
Eminent Lawyers, Statesmen, and Men of Letters, 1821, terminated when about two-thirds of the series were completed.
Svo. 3. The Genius of Free-Masonry, and Defence of the... I may confidently state that, in this extensive series, no single
Order, Providence, 1828, 12mo. 4. Discourse on the Life work, and no portion of a work, can be found that may not safely
be put into the hands of the young and the uninformed with the
and Character of De Witt Clinton, 1828, Svo. 5. Lects. security that it will neither mislead nor corrupt."-Charles
on American Literature, N. York, 1829, Svo. 6. Sketches KNIGHT.
of Public Characters, drawn from the Living and the Dead,
&c., by Ignatius Loyola Robertson, LL. D., 1830, 12mo.
7. American Biography; or, Original Biographical
Sketches of Distinguished Americans, &c., 1833. Repub.
in vol. iii. of The Treasury of Knowledge and Library
of Reference, 1850. S. Hist. of the United States revised,
1834, Svo. See HINTON, JOHN HOWARD. 9. Life of
Thomas Eddy, 1834, Svo. 10. Advice in the Pursuit of
Literature, 1835, 12mo. 11. Memoir of the Life of Daniel
Webster, 1835, 12mo. 12. Life of Aaron Burr, 1835, 12mo.
13. Life of Andrew Jackson. 14. The Bachelor, and other
Tales, 1836, 12mo. 15. Female Biography, &c. of different
Ages and Nations, Phila., 1843, 12mo.
12. Half-Hours with the Best Authors, 1847-48, 4 vols.
sq. Svo; 2d ed., 1851, 4 vols. 12mo: 3d ed., 1854-55, 4 vols.
12mo; 4th ed., 1856, 2 vols. p. Svo: 5th ed., 1859, 4 vols. ;
1859, 4 vols. p. Svo; 6th ed., 1861, 2 vols. 8vo; 7th ed.,
1866, 2 vols. 8vo, and 4 vols. p. Svo. 13. Half-Hours
of English History, 1853, 2 vols. 8vo; 1856, demy Svo;
1866, p. 8vo; 1867, Svo. 14. Once Upon a Time, 1854,
2 vols. p. Svo; 1858, p. 8vo; 1861, sm. cr. Svo; 1865,
p. Svo; 1868, p. Svo. 15. The English Cyclopædia: a
New Dictionary of Universal Knowledge, with Index,
1854-62, 23 vols. fol. 16. The Popular History of Eng-
land, 1856-62, 8 vols. demy Svo; re-issue, 1867-68, 8
vols. demy Svo, £3 168.
Knatchbull, Sir Edward, Bart. 1. Memoirs of
the Families of Sir E. Knatchbull and F. Honeywood,
Gaves., 1802, Svo. Privately printed. 2. His Speech in
H. of C., &c., 1829, Svo.
Knatchbull, Sir Norton, Bart., d. 1684, in his
83d year.
Animadversiones in libros Novi Testamenti,
Lon., 1659, Svo; Oxf., 1677, 8vo; Amst., 1694, Svo. In
English, trans. by himself, Camb., 1693, Svo.
"This work well deserves to be carefully studied by all who
would understand the sacred volume."-Orme's Bibl. Bib., q. v.
"A learned man, but a hardy critic."-DR. CAMPBELL.
Knayston, Joannes, .e. Kynaston, John.
Kneeland, Abner. 1. New Testament in Greek
and English, Phila., 1822, 2 vols. 12mo. 2. Lects. on the
Doctrine of Universal Salvation, 1824, 12mo. Other
publications.
Smith's Hist. of the Human Species, 1852, 12mo. 3.
Science and Mechanism, N. York, 1854, 4to.
buted many valuable articles to the medical and scientific
journals of the Union.
Contri-
sm. cr. 8vo; 1866, 12mo. 6. The Menageries: vol. i.,
The Elephant, 1831, 12mo. In Library of Entertaining
Knowledge, 43 vols. 12mo, edited by Knight. 7. The
Penny Magazine, two series, 1832-45, 14 vols. large
8vo. S. The Penny Cyclopædia, with two Supplements,
1833-58, 30 vols. in 17, sm. fol. 9. Store of Knowledge,
the Weekly Volume, 1843-45, 126 vols. 18mo, edited by
1841, imp. Svo. 10. The Life of Caxton, 1844, 18mo. In
Knight. Enlarged, The Old Printer, and the Modern
Press, 1854, p. Svo; 1861, p. 8vo. 11. Volume of Varie-
ties, 1844, 18mo. In the Weekly Volume. This series,
126 vols., is included in Knight's Shilling Volumes, 1844
49, 186 vols. 18mo.
17. The Struggles of a Book against Excessive Taxa-
tion, pamp. 18. The Case of the Authors as regards
the Paper Duty, pamp. 19. Passages of a Working
Life during Half a Century, 1863-65, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
20. School History of England, 1865, p. Svo. Questions
on, 1868, p. 8vo. 21. Shadows of the Old Booksellers,
1865, p. Svo. 22. Half-Hours with the Best Letter-
Writers, 1866, p. 8vo; 2d Ser., 1868, p. Svo. 23. Begg'd
at Court: a Legend of Westminster, 1867, p. Svo.
As publisher, Mr. Knight has issued, inter alia, the
following works:
Bost., 1817, 12mo.
2. Introduction to Charles Hamilt/?
Kneeland, Samuel, Jr., M.D., b. 1821, Boston,
24. Pictorial Bible, 1838, 4 vols. 4to; also 1838, 3 vols.
Mass., grad. at Harvard Coll., 1840. 1. Manual of Diag-imp. 8vo. 25. Pictorial Prayer, 1838, imp. 8vo; new
nosis of Diseases of the Heart; from the French of Andry, ed., with a selection of the wood engravings, Svo. 26.
Pictorial Half-Hours; or, Miscellanies of Art, 2 vols.
Supp., in 3 Parts. 27. Companion to the Newspaper.
28. Pictorial History of England: being a History of
the People as well as a History of the Kingdom, by
George L. Craik and Charles MacFarlane, assisted by
other Contributors, 1840, &c., 8 vols. r. 8vo. See MAC-
Knell, Paul. Five Serms., Lon., 1660, Svc.
Knell, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1569-81.
Knevet, Ralph. 1. Militarie Discipline, Lon., 1628,
FARLANE, CHARLES. 29. London: an Historical and
Topographical Account of the British Metropolis, 1841-
4to. 2. Rhodon and Iris; a Pastoral, 1631, 4to.
Knewstub, John. Theolog. Works, Lon., 1577-79.44, 6 vols. imp. 8vo; 1851, 6 vols. in 3, 8vo. Abridged,
Knight. Primitive Christianity, Lon., 1712, 8vo.
Cyclopædia of London, 1851, r. Svo. 30. Old England: a
Pictorial Museum of Regal, Ecclesiastical, Baronial,
Knight, Madam. Journal of a Journey from Bos-
ton to New York in 1704, from the original MS., New Municipal, and Popular Antiquities, 1845, 2 vols. fol.
York, 1824, 12mo. The Diary of the Rev. John Bucking-tutional and Legal, 1845-46, 2 vols. 12mo. 32. National
Dictionary: a of Reference, Consti-
ham of a journey to Canada in 1710 is included in this
vol. Reviewed in Blackwood's Mag., xviii. 422-432.
The collector of American history should own this book.
Knight, Ann Cuthbert. 1. Home; a Poem, 1815.
2. A Year in Canada, and other Poems, 1816, 8vo.
Cyclopædia of Useful Knowledge, 48 Parts, 12 vols.
Svo, 1847-50. Founded
Founded upon the Penny Cyclopædia.
33. The Land we Live In, by C. Knight, Harriet Mar-
tineau, &c.. 1848, 4 vols. imp. Svo, £4 88. 34. Cy-
tionary. See FULTON, GEORGE.
Knight, Charles, an eminent publisher and author,
noticed on a preceding page (60) as one of the first
literary benefactors of the age, was b. at Windsor,
1791. As author or editor, or both, he has published
the following works: 1. With LOCKER, E. H., The Plain
Englishman, Windsor, 1820-22, 2 vols. demy Svo. 2.
Knight's Quarterly Magazine, Wind. and Lon., 1823-24,
Knight, C. A Pronouncing and Explanatory Dic-clopædia of the Industry of All Nations, Lon., 1851,
Svo. 35. Geography of the British Empire, 1853, 2 vols.
imp. 8vo. See, also, COLLECTIVE EDITIONS OF SHAK-
SPEARE'S WORKS, infra, Nos. 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 163,
164, 166; and SHAKSPEARIANA, Nos. 324, (Lamb,) 584.
Knight, Charles Henry. Ten Sermons, Newport,
12mo.
3 vols. demy 8vo. In this appeared many of the early
literary attempts of Lord Macaulay, John Moultrie, C.
H. Townshend, and Praed. 3. The British Almanac,
and the Companion to the Almanac, Lon., 1828 et seq.
4. The Results of Machinery, 1830, 12mo. 5. The Rights
of Industry, Capital, and Labour, 1831, 12mo. Nos. 4
and 5 were amalgamated and enlarged, with the title of
Knowledge is Power, 1855, p. 8vo; 1858, p. 8vo; 1861,
I
"Nothing has ever appeared superior, if any thing has been
published equal, to the account of the state of commerce, go-
Address Nat. Assoc. for P. S. S., Oct. 12, 1858.
vernment, and society, at different periods."-LORD BROUGHAM:
"We predict that the reception of his book will fully justify
its title."-Lon. Times, Dec. 29, 1858.
-
Knight, Cuthbert. Hist. of Hartlepool, 1816, Svo.
Knight, D. M. A Proposal for Peace between G.
Britain and the U. States, upon a New Plan, Lon., 1779,
8vo.
"Mr. Knight proposes that the Americans should be acknow-
ledged a free and independent people, and that George Prince
of Wales should be received by them as their sovereign lord and
chief."-Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, i. 279.
Knight, Miss E. Cornelia. 1. Dinarbas; being
a Continuation of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia, Lon.,
1770, 12mo. 2. Marcus Flaminius, 1790-92, 2 vols. 8vo,
1040
KNI
KNI
3. Lines to Victory, 1793, 4to. 4. Descrip. of Latium, | Landscape; a Didactic Poem, 1794, 4to. 4. Review of do.,
1805, 4to. A valuable work.
Knight, E. P. H. Chip of the Old Block; or, The
Village Festival, 1815.
&c., 1795, 8vo. 5. The Progress of Civil Society; a
Didactic Poem, 1796, 4to. Parodied in the Anti Jacobin,
probably by Canning. 6. Analytical Inquiry into the
Principles of Taste, 1805, 8vo.
"Such stores of reading and reflection have indeed rarely been
brought to bear on the subject of criticism; but their effect is
sometimes obscured, and sometimes weakened. by want of com-
pression and arrangement. . . . Mr. Knight's style wants, in our
judgment, purity, terseness, and elegance. The periods are long
and straggling; and the colon perpetually usurps the place of a
perfect stop. No one, we are convinced, could read aloud in such a
style so as to be intelligible, much less so as to give pleasure."-
Elin. Rev.. vii. 306, 326.
Knight, Edward. Tryal of Truth, Lon., 1580, 8vo.
Knight, Francis. Seaven Years Slaverie under
the Turkes of Algiere, Lon., 1640, 4to. Reprinted in Os-
bourne's Voyages and Travels, 481, 1745.
Knight, Francis. Paper in Med. Trans., 1785.
Knight, G. B. Third University of Eugland, Lon.,
1615, fol.
Knight, Gowen, pub. a work on the Phenomena of
Nature, Lon., 1754, 8vo; a paper in Med. Obs. and Inq.,
1755; and essays on Magnetism and the Mariner's Com-
pass, in Phil. Trans., 1744–50. A Collection of the latter
was pub. 1758, 8vo.
Knight, Rt. Hon. H. Lady Luxborough.
Letters written to William Shenstone, Lon., 1775, Svo.
"Written with abundant ease, politeness, and vivacity, in which
BLs was scarce excelled by any woman of her time."
Knight, Mrs. H. C. Richard Harvey; a Juvenile
Rochester.
Knight, Henry, a Dissenting minister at Chertsey,
Surrey, Lon., 1742, 4to. 2 Serms. on the Being and
Attributes of God, 1747, Svo.
"Of this very ingenious and learned work it is enough to say
that it is recommended by Drs. Benson, Lardner, and Taylor.".
BISHOP WATSON.
Knight, Henry Cogswell, a minister of the Prot.
Episcopal Church, b. about 1788, at Newburyport, Mass.
1. The Cypriad; in two cantos, 1809. 2. The Broken
Harp, Phila. 3. Poems, Bost., 1821, 2 vols. 12mo. See
Duyckinck's Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
Knight, Henry Gally, M.P., 1786-1846, an emi-
nent antiquary. 1. Tour in Spain, Sicily, &c. in 1810-
11. 2. Europa Rediviva; a Poem, 1814. 3. Poems, 1815,
12mo. 4. Ilderim; a Syrian Tale, in four cantos, 1816,
8vo. 5. Phrosyne; a Grecian Tale, 1817. 6. Alashtar;
an Arabian Tale, 1817, 8vo. Nos. 4 and 5 are reviewed
in the Lon. Month. Rev., Aug. 1817, iii. 370-381. Lord
Byron ridiculed his fellow-poet. 7. Eastern Sketches in
Verse; 2d ed., 1819, 12mo. This is a reprint of Nos. 4
and 5. The vol. was reviewed in the Lon. Quar. Rev., |
xxii. 149–158. 8. Pamphlet on the R. Catholic Question,
1826. 9. Hannibal in Bithynia; a Dramatic Poem, 1839,
12mo. 10. An Architectural Tour in Normandy in 1831;
2d ed., 1841, p. Svo. 11. The Normans in Sicily, 1838,
p. 8vo. This is a sequel to No. 10. 12. Saracenic and
Norman Remains, to illustrate The Normans in Sicily,
1840, 30 plates, imp. fol., £5 58.; 1846; 1849. This must
accompany Nos. 9 and 10. 13. Ecclesiastical Architec-
ture of Italy, 1843, imp. fol., £5 58., 40 plates. Second
Series, 1844, imp. fol., £5 58., 41 plates. See H. G.
Bohn's General Catalogue, 1848, pp. 132-134. Á biogra-
phical notice of Mr. Knight will be found in Lon. Gent.
Mag., April, 1846, 432.
Knight, J. A. Serms., Lon., 17SS, '89.
Knight, James, D.D., Vicar of St. Sepulchre's,
London, pub. 2 treatises in defence of the Doctrine of the
Trinity, 1714, '15; 5 separate serms., 1719-36; and S
serms. at Lady Moyer's Lecture, (1720-21.) 1721, Svo.
“Dr. Knight, whose great learning and judgment are equal to
his singular modesty and ingenuity."-DR. WATERLAND: Moyer's
Lectures.
Knight, Joseph. Agricultural treatises, 1809, '10.
Knight, Richard Payne, M.P., 1750-1824, noted
for his knowledge of Greek literature, was the author of a
number of works, among which are the following: 1. An
Account of the Remains of the Worship of Priapus, Lon.,
1786, 4to. This work-severely censured in the Pursuits
of Literature-has been sold for £20.
bestowed on Payne Knight. He is a powerful and coarse rebel,
"I certainly do not assent to the unqualified commendations
who makes some formidable attacks on the laws and government
of philosophical criticism; but he will not, I think. subvert them,
nor has he a mind to establish others in their stead. He mistakes
the sense in which the word 'terror' is employed by Mr. Burke.”
-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: Life, vol. ii.
"One of the most unbecoming and indecent treatises which ever
disgraced the pen of a man who would be considered as a scholar
and a philosopher.”—Pursuits of Lit., 16th ed., 1812, 4to, 115, n.,
1. v.
2. Analytical Essay on the Greek Alphabet, 1791, 4to.
Reviewed by Porson in the Lon. Month. Rev. for 1794.
See Porson's Tracts, p. 108; Museum Criticum, vol. i.
p. 489; Pursuits of Lit., 16th ed., 1812, 4to, 170. 3. The
66
"The style of Mr. Knight is more lively, various, and discursive
than Mr. Alison's, but not so systematic or conclusive. It is the
cleverer book of the two-but not the most philosophical discus-
sion of the subject."-LORD JEFFREY: Contrib. to Edin. Rev., Lon.,
1853. 12.
"There, too, is Alison's delightful book on Taste, in which the
Doctrine of Association is stated with the precision of the Philo-
sopher and illustrated with the prodigality of the Poet. Compare
with it Payne Knight's Analytical Enquiry, and, from feasting on
the juicy heart of an orange, you are starving on its shrivelled
skin."-Prof. Wilson's Essays, vol. iv. 102, Edin. and Lon., 1856.
See Bentham's Ely; Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Peck's Desi.
derata; Cole's MS. Athenæ in Brit. Mus.
Knight, Samuel. Elegies, &c., 1785, '86, 'S7, 4to.
Knight, Samuel, Vicar of Halifax. Serms. and
Miscell. Works, with Memoir, Halifax, 1828, 2 vols. 8vo.
Knight, Thomas, M.D. Med. works, 1725-40.
Knight, Thomas, d. 1820, an actor, wrote some
dramatic pieces, 1783-99. See Biog. Dramat.
Knight, James. Serm., 1801, Svo.
Knight, Thomas. Mathematical papers in Phil.
Knight, James, Curate of St. Paul's, Sheffield. 1.
Discourses on the Parables, Lon., Svo. 2. Serms., Svo.
Trans.. 1812-17.
Knight, Thomas Andrew, 1758-1838, a vegetable
3. Serm., Svo. 4. Discourses on the Miracles, 1831, 8vo. physiologist, President of the Horticultural Society, and
5. Discourses on the Lord's Prayer, 1832, 12mo.
Knight, John. Serms., 1682, 1700.
Knight, John Collyer, of the British Museum.
1. Genuineness and Authenticity of the Revelation of St.
Jɔhn, Lon., 1842, Svo. 2. Essay on Fasting, 1846, Svo;
1849, 8vo.
a brother of Richard Payne Knight, (ante,) pub. a Treat.
12mo; Pomona Herefordiensis, 1809, 4to; two minor
on the Culture of the Apple and Pear, Lon., 1797, 1800,
treatises on horticulture; and many papers on this subject
and other topics in Trans. Hortic. Soc., Phil. Trans., Nic.
Jour., &c., 1795-1818. In 1841 (r. Svo) was pub. a Selec-
tion from his Physiological and Horticultural Papers,
with a Sketch of his Life. This vol. should be in every
country library at least. Few men have done so much to
effected both by precept and example.
promote the science of horticulture as Mr. Knight has
Knight, Titus. Serms., Lon., 1766, Svo.
Knight, William. An Axiomatical Concordance,
Lon., 1610.
7. Monody on the Death of the Rt. Hon. C. J. Fox,
1806, 8vo. 8. Dilettanti Specimens of Ancient Sculp-
ture; with Descriptions by R. P. Knight. 200 copies issued
at £17 178. A second vol. was pub. in 1835. 9. Inquiry
into the Symbolical Language of Ancient Art and My-
thology, 1818, 8vo. Privately printed. New ed. by E. H.
Barker, 8vo. 10. An ed. of the Iliad and Odyssey; with
Prolegomena, 1820. The Prolegomena were pub. sepa-
rately, Leipsic, 1816, 8vo.
1816, 8vo. 11. Alfred; a Romance in
Rhyme, 1823, Svo.
Mr. Knight bequeathed his collection of ancient bronzes,
Greek coins, &c., valued at £50,000. to the British Mu-
seum. His catalogue of his coins (Nummi Veteres, &c.)
was pub. by the trustees in 1830, 4to. He was a contri-
butor to the Edinburgh
butor to the Edinburgh Review, The Classical Journal,
and The Archæologia.
Knight, Robert. Serm., Lon., 1805, Svo.
Knight, Roger. Against Popery, Oxf., 1607, 12mo.
Knight, Samuel, D.D., d. 1746, aged 71, Preb. of
Ely, 1714, Archdeacon of Berks, 1735, pub. several
serms., 1721-38, and the two following works: 1. The
Life of Dr. John Colet, Dean of St. Paul's, Lon., 1724, Svo.
New ed., Oxf., 1823, 8vo. 2. The Life of Erasmus, Camb.,
1726, Svo.
"Deprive these two octavo volumes of their embellishments, and
such is the lethargy, or plodding humility, of their style, (although
the subject might have elicited energy from a moderately-instructed
tyro.) that you can hardly buckle yourself to the perusal of half a
dozen pages."—Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
Knight, William. 1. Signification of the Comet,
Lon., 1680, 4to. 2. The Voice of the Stars, 1681, 12mo;
in Latin, 1699, 8vo.
Knight, William, LL.D. Theory of the Earth,
1818, Svo.
Knight, William. 1. Oriental Outlines, Lon., 1839,
1041
KNI
KNO
fp. 8v. Highly commended. 2. Words for the Wind-
bound Pts. 1 and 2, 1843, 12mo. 3. Diary in the Darda-
nelles, 1849, fp. Svo; 1852, 12mo.
Knight, William P. Safe Lamps; Phil. Mag., 1817.
Knighton, Rev. F., for many years a teacher in
New Jersey. 1. American Etymological School Gram-
mar, Phila., 1852, 12mo. 2. American Primary Grammar,
1852, 18mo. 3. Young Composer; or, Progressive Exer-
cises in English Composition, 1852, 12mo. 4. Outlines
of History, 1855, 12mo.
Knighton, Henry, Canon-regular of Leicester
Abbey temp. Richard II., wrote A History of English
Affairs, in five Books, from the Conquest to 1395, and An
Account of the Deposition of Richard II. These were
pub. by Twysden in the Decem Scriptores, fol., Lon.,
1652, i. cols. 2311-2741, ii. 2743. See Selden's Preface
to the Decem Scriptores, pp. 46, 47; Tanner, Bibl. Brit.
Hib., p. 458; Bp. Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib.; Smyth's
Lects. on Mod. Hist., Lect. V. In his Compilatio de
Eventibus Angliæ, &c. Knighton draws largely from
Ralph Higden.
Knighton, Sir William, d. 1836, in his 60th year,
Private Secretary and Privy Purse to George IV. Me-
moirs of, including his Correspondence, by Lady Knighton,
Lon., 1838, 2 vols. Svo, 288.; 4to, £3 38.
Knighton, William. 1. Hist. of Ceylon, Lon.,
1845, p. 8vo. 2. Forest Life in Ceylon, 1854, 2 vols. p.
8vo; 2d ed. same year. Mr. K. was for many years a
planter in Ceylon. His books on Ceylon should accom-
pany Robert Knox's, q. v. 3. European Turkey as It Is,
1854, p. 8vo. 4. Training in Streets and Schools, 1855,
fp. Svo. 5. Private Life of an Eastern King, 1855, 12mo;
2d ed., 1856, 12mo.
Knights, Mrs. Helen C. 1. Lady Huntington and
her Friends. 2. Life of James Montgomery, 1857, 12mo.
Knipe. Hebraica Grammatices Rudimenta, Oxon.,
1708, 8vo.
Knipe, Eliza. Six Poems, Lon., 1787, 4to.
Knipe, Rev. Rest. The New Birth, Lon., 1771,
12mo.
Knivelton, Sayntlowe. Descent of Titles of
Honour through the Female Line; Archæol., 1774.
Knokes, John, i.e. Frith, John.
Knolles, Richard, d. 1621, a native of Northamp-
tonshire, Master of the Free-School of Sandwich, Kent.
1. Grammatica Latinæ Græcæ et Hebraica Compendium:
cum Radicibus, Lon., 1600, '45, 4to. 2. Trans. of Bodin's
Six Bookes of a Commonwealthe, 1606, fol. 3. General
Historie of the Turks, &c., 1603, '10, 31, fol.; 5th ed.,
with a Continuation by Thomas Nabbes, 1638, fol. ; again,
with a Continuation by Sir Paul Rycaut, 1679, fol. Best
ed., with a Continuation by Sir Paul Rycaut and Roger
Manley, 1687-1700, 3 vols. fol.
"But none of our writers can, in my opinion, justly contest the
superiority of Knolles, who, in his History of the Turks, has dis
played all the excellencies that narration can admit. His style,
though somewhat obscured by time and sometimes vitiated by
false wit, is pure, nervous, elevated, and clear. ... Nothing could
have sunk this author in obscurity but the remoteness and bar-
barity of the people whose story he relates."-DR. Johnson:
Rambler, No. 122.
"A style and power of narration which Johnson has not too
highly extolled. His descriptions are vivid and animated.—circum-
stantial, but not to feebleness; his characters are drawn with a
strong pencil."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, iii.
148.
"Let me strongly recommend Rycaut's improved edition of
Knolles's History of the Turks. . . . What fierce-looking fellows do
the PORTRAITS make the originals to have been!"-Dibdin's Lib.
Comp.
"Look in old Knolles before you go, and read the siege of Malta:
it will make you feel that you are going to visit sacred ground. I
can hardly think of that glorious defence without tears."-R.
Southey to S. T. Coleridge, March 12, 1804: Southey's Life and
Corresp.
4. The Lives and Conquests of the Ottoman Kings and
Emperors to 1610. Continued to, and printed in, 1621.
5. A Brief Discourse of the Greatness of the Turkish Em-
pire. Does not appear to have been pub. Knolles made
a trans. of Camden's Britannia into English, which we
have already noticed in our Life of Camden. See also
Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon., ii. S1.
Knollis, Francis, d. 1596, wrote a treatise against
the Usurpation of Papal Bishops, 1608, 8vo.
Knollis, Francis M. Serm., Lon., 1841, 12mo.
Knollys, Rev. Hanserd. 1. Flaming Fire in Zion,
Lon., 1646, 4to. 2. Rudiments of the Hebrew Grammar,
in English, 1648, 12mo. 3. His Life, by himself, to 1672.
Continued by Wm. Kiffin, 1692, 8vo; 1313, 12mo.
Knot, G. C. P. The Slave Trade, Lon., 1791, 8vo.
10.12
Knott, Edward, alias Nicholas Smith, really
Matthias Wilson, 1580-1655-56, Jesuit Provincial of
England, has been already noticed in our Life of William
Chillingworth, q. v. See also Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit.,
Supp.; Genl. Dict.; Dodd's Ch. Hist. 1. Charity Mis-
taken, 1630. 2. Mercy and Truth; or, Charity Maintained
by Catholics, 1634, 4to. This vol. elicited Chillingworth's
great work,-The Religion of Protestants, &c., 1638, fol.
This is an
3. Infidelity Unmasked, &c., Gant, 1652, 4to.
answer to Chillingworth's Religion of Protestants, &c.
4. Protestaney Condemned, Douny, 1654, 4to.
"Father Knott was a person generally esteemed for learning,
especially in what regarded controversy."-DODD.
Knott, John. Arithmetic, Norwich, 4to.
Knowler, Rev. William, d. 1767, in his 68th year,
trans. Chrysostom's Comment. on St. Paul's Epistle to the
Galatians. It is not improbable that this divine is identi-
cal with the one who follows next.
Knowler, William, D.D., d. 1773, edited the State
Papers, and Despatches of the Earl of Strafforde, 1739,
2 vols. fol.
Knowles, Charles. Journal of his Expedition to
La Guera, &c., Lon., 1744, 4to.
Carmine descripta, Lon., 1723, 4to.
Knowles, George. 1. Materia Medica, Botanica
2. Of Fallowing
See Donaldson's Agricult.
Ground, &c., 1724, 12mo.
Biog.
Knowles, George Parker, Genealogist and He-
raldic artist, b. at Merton, county of Surrey, England,
1797, is the author of several privately-printed genealo-
gical works. Two of his latest publications of this kind
are-1. A Genealogical and Heraldic Account of the
Coultharts of Coulthart and Collyn, Chiefs of the Name,
from their First Settlement in Scotland in the Reign of
Conarus to the Year of our Lord 1854, &c., Lon., 1855, r.
8vo, pp. 23. 2. A Genealogical Account of the Rosses of
Dalton, in the County of Dumfries, from their First Set-
tlement in Scotland, &c. in the Twelfth Century to the
The sole
Year of our Lord 1854, 1855, r. Svo, pp. 8.
representative (1857) of the very ancient Scottish family
of Coulthart of Coulthart and Collyn is John Ross Coult-
hart, b. 1807, a banker at Ashton-under-Lyne, of which
place he was mayor in 1855. He is the author of a
valuable vol. of Decimal Interest-Tables, Lon., 1838, 8vo,
(see p. 435 of this Dictionary, and the London Times for
Feb. 21, 1845,) and a Report on the Sanitary Condition
of Ashton-under-Lyne, 1844. This Report was
mended in the House of Lords by the Marquis of Nor-
mandy, July 26, 1844, and in the House of Commons by
the Earl of Carlisle, (then Lord Morpeth,) March 30,
1847. See Hansard's Parliamentary Debates. Richard
The Economy of Agriculture, 1688, was the great-great-
Coulthart, of Coulthart and Largmore, d. 1717, author of
grandfather of the preceding.
com-
Knowles, Herbert, 1798-1817, a youth of remark-
able poetical abilities, first introduced himself to Robert
Southey by a poem which the laureate declared to be
"brimful of power and of promise." At this time the
author, an orphan in destitute circumstances, was being
educated at Richmond School, Yorkshire, for a sizarship
at St. John's College; but this prospect was clouded by
the inability of his friend to continue payment of the
necessary expenses. In this strait Southey came to the
rescue without any solicitation save from his kind heart,
and contributed and raised from others the necessary
funds; but in vain, for in two months from this time
Knowles was cut off, at the early age of nineteen. For
further particulars, see Southey's Life and Correspond-
ence, and an article by Southey on the Cemeteries and
Catecombs of Paris, in the London Quarterly Review, xxi.
397-398. The periodical just named quotes the impres
sive lines by which Knowles is best known,-viz.: Lines
written in the Churchyard of Richmond, Yorkshire. Thi
beautiful poem is often quoted as The Three Tabernacles.
"The reader will remember that they are the verses of a school-
boy who had not long been taken from one of the lowest & tions
in life, and he will then judge what might have been expected
from one who was capable of writing with such strength and
originality upon the tritest of all subjects."-ROBERT SOUTHEY, ubi
supra.
Southey says nothing of his own kind agency in glad-
dening the last earthly hours of this unfortunate son of
song: but let the remembrance of such noble acts never
perish from the earth!
Knowles, J. C. Twelve Serms., 1786, 8vo.
Knowles, James, a schoolmaster of high reputation,
cousin-german of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, and father
of James Sheridan Knowles, the dramatist. 1. New Ex-
KNO
KNO
|
positor, Lon., 12шo. 2. Improved ed. of Walker's Pro-
nouncing Dictionary. New ed., 1845, 8vo; again, 1850,
8vo, £1 48. Contains upwards of 55,000 more words
than are given in any former ed. of Walker. Mr. Knowles
laboured at it for more than thirty years.
Knowles, James Davis, 1798-1838, a native of
Providence, Rhode Island, pastor of the Second Baptist
Church, Boston, 1825-1832; Prof. of Pastoral Duties and
Sacred Rhetoric in the Baptist Theological Institution at
Newton, Massachusetts, 1832-1838. 1. Memoir of Mrs.
Ann H. Judson: see JUDSON, MRS. ANNA HASSELTINE.
2. Memoir of Roger Williams, Bost., 1834, 12mo.
Knowles, James Sheridan, a son of James
Knowles, (ante,) was born at Cork, Ireland, about 1784,
made his appearance early in life as an actor and dra
matic author; subsequently taught grammar and elocu-
tion at Belfast; travelled over Great Britain as a dramatic
lecturer; and has been for a number of years past a
Baptist preacher. Such is a brief summary of his bio-
graphy, which will be found detailed at greater length in
the Men of the Time, Lon., 1856. The following is a list
of his dramatic productions: 1. The Chevalier de Grillon;
an Opera. 2. The Spanish Story. 3. Hersilia. 4. Leo;
or, the Gipsey. None of these have been preserved. It
was somewhere about this time that Knowles pub. a small
vol. of (5) poetical Fugitive Pieces, which was followed by
his play of (6) Brian Boroihme, brought out at the Bel-
22.
fast Theatre. We continue the enumeration of his dra-
matic works: 7. Caius Gracchus; Belfast Theatre, 1815.
8. Virginius; Covent Garden, 1820. 9. William Tell.
Drury Lane, 1825. 10. The Beggar's Daughter of Beth-
nal Green, 1828. 11. Alfred the Great; Drury Lane,
1831. 12. The Hunchback; Covent Garden, 1832. 13.
The Wife, a Tale of Mantua; Covent Garden, 1833. 14.
The Daughter; Drury Lane, 1836. 15. The Love-Chase;
Haymarket, 1837. 16. Woman's Wit; Covent Garden,
1838. 17. The Maid of Mariendorpt; Haymarket, 1838.
18. Love; Covent Garden, 1839. 19. John of Procida;
Covent Garden, 1840. 20. Old Maids; Covent Garden,
1841. 21. The Rose of Aragon; Haymarket, 1842.
The Secretary; Haymarket, 1843. A collective ed. of his
Dramatic Works (many of which had been previously
pub. separately) was given to the world, in 3 vols. p. Svo,
in 1843, and in 1856 a revised ed. was pub. in 2 vols.
er. Svo. Mr. Knowles is also the author of (23) Fortescue;
a Novel, 3 vols. p. 8vo, 1847; 1849. 24. George Lovell ;
a Novel, 3 vols. p. 8vo, 1847; 1849. 25. The Rock of
Rome;
; or, the Arch-Heresy, p. Svo, 1849; 1851. 26.
The Idol Demolished by its own Priest, 12mo, 1851;
1852. Mr. Knowles has also contributed many articles to
annuals and other periodicals. Since 1849 he has been
in receipt of a pension of £200 from Government.
In
addition to the authority cited above, see Hazlitt's Spirit
of the Age; James Montgomery's Lects. on General Lit.,
Poetry, &c.; Sir Archibald Alison's Essays, Edin. and
Lon., 1850, iii. 112, 116; Blackwood's Mag., vii. 307,
xxvii. 694, xxxvi. 132, xxxix. 267, xlvi. 173; Lon.
Month. Rev., xciii. 53, cxxviii. 64, cxxxi. 176; Fraser's
Mag., xiii. 451, xiv. 272, with portrait; N. Amer. Rev., |
xl. 141, (by Park Benjamin.)
Sir Archibald Alison blames Mr. Knowles, in company
with modern English dramatists generally, for utter dis-
regard of the unities, and the consequent difficulty of an
easy comprehension of plots which are embarrassed by a
complicated story and lengthened succession of events:
C
We have seen many a barrister," remarks the critic, "famed
for cross-examination on the north circuit, unable to comprehend,
till the piece was half over, the drift of Sheridan Knowles's
dramas."The Romantic Drama: Blackwood's Mug., 1846; and
in Essays, iii. 112.
But Mr. Hazlitt--Knowles's "mental father," as the
latter styles his friend of many years—does not seem to
have considered the dramatist's transgressions in this re-
spect as at all unpardonable:
"Ignorant alike of rules, regardless of models, he follows the
steps of truth and simplicity, and strength, proportion, and deli-
cacy are the infallible results. By thinking of nothing but his
subject, he rivets the attention of the audience to it. All his dia-
All his dia-
logue tends to action, all his situations form classic groups. There
is no doubt that Virginius is the best acting-tragedy that has been
produced on the modern stage.”—Spirit of the Age,
The poetry of his dialogue is the poetry of passion; it is kindled
up in him by the collision of events, and seems less proper to the
man than to the scene: his language is to the purpose; it is but
little ornamented. His dramas are full of impressive groupings, |
domestic incidents, the bustle of business, the activity of life: he
subdues subject, scene, and language to the purpose and aim of
his play. In this he differs from many writers, and differs for the
botter. His strength lies in home-bred affections: his Virginius, his
Beggar's Daughter, and his Wife of Mantua, all bear evidence of
this, and contain scenes of perfect truth and reality, such as no
modern dramatist surpasses. He touches the heart and is safe."-
ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog. and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the lus
Fifty Years, 1833.
Certainly Mr. Knowles was considered by a late cmi-
nent critic to have given ample evidence of his ability to
instruct others in the "Rewlis and Cauteles" (to borrow a
phrase from King James) of the dramatic art:
Poetry?
"SHEPHERD. 'Heard ye ever of Knowles's Lectures on Dramatic
"NORTH. I have. They are admirable, full of matter, ele
gantly written. and cloquently delivered. Knowles is a delightful
fellow and a man of true genius.""-Noctes Ambros., April, 1830.
Mr. Knowles, as we have already intimated, has been
now for some years lecturing upon more important themes
than those which formerly elicited his eloquence, and we
immagine that he has never regretted his change of pro-
fession.
Knowles, John. Principles of English Grammar;
3d ed., 1794, 12mo; 1796, 12mo.
Knowles, John. See Fuseli, Henry,
The Maiden Aunt; a Comely,
Knowles, R. B.
Lon., 1845, fp. 8vo.
Knowles, Richard. 1. Introduc. to Speaking the
French Language, 12mo. 2. Elements of the French
Language, 12mo.
Knowles, Thomas, D.D., 1723-1802, a native of
Ely, Fellow of Pembroke Hall, Camb., Preb. of Ely, &c.,
is best known as the author of (1) XII. Serms. on the
Attributes, Camb., 1750, 8vo; 2. An Answer to Bp. Clay-
ton's Essay on Spirit, Lon., 1753, Svo; 3. The Passion
of Christ, 1780, 12mo, (new ed., by Rev. H. Hasted, 1830,
12mo;) 4. Primitive Christianity, 1789, Svo. See Chal-
mers's Biog. Dict.; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. lxxii.
Knowles, Thomas, Rector of South Somercotes.
1. Satan's Devices Exposed, in four Serms., Lon., 1810,
Svo; 4th ed., 12mo.
4.
Adapted to the instruction and comfort of a large portion of
professing Christians, and deserves a wide circulation."-Eclec
Rev., March, 1810.
2. Short and Plain Discourses [54] for Families: vol. i.,
1810, Svo; vols. i., ii., and iii., 1822, 3 vols. 8vo.
"His style is clear and his arrangement simple and impressivo.
His sentiments are evangelical.”—Lon. Congreg. Mag., April, 1823.
Knowlles, Richard. See KNOLLES.
Knowls, Thomas. Hind's Elder Brother, &c.; or,
Life, Exploits, &c. of T. Knowls, Lon., 1651, 4to.
Knowlton, Thomas, d. 1782, aged 90. 1. Two
Men of Great Weight, &c.; Phil. Trans., 1746. 2. Deer's
Horns; ibid.
Knox, Dr.. Lusus Naturae; Med. Com., 1791.
Knox, Dr. Fish and Fishing in the Lone Glens of
Scotland, Lon., 1854, 12mo.
Knox, A. A. Giotta and Francesca, and other
Poems, Lon., 1842, 8vo.
Knox, A. E. 1. Ornithological Rambles in Sussex,
Lon., 1849, p. Svo; 3d ed., 1855, cr. Svo.
“A. E. Knox, Esq. is well located on our southern coast for ob-
servations on the migratory birds, and bestows time and attention
to the subject.”—Yarrell's Hist. of British Birds, vol. i. p. 404,
2d ed.
2. Friends and Foes of Game-Birds and Wild Fowls,
1851, p. 8vo.
Knox, Alexander, d. 1831, Private Secretary to
Lord Castlereagh, is best known as the friend and cor-
respondent of Bishop Jebb. He was a man of great
learning and piety. 1. Essays on the Political Circum-
stances of Ireland, Lon., 1799, Svo. 2. Remains, 1835-
38, 4 vols. Svo; 3d ed., edited by James J. Hornby, 1844,
4 vols. 8vo, consisting of theolog. essays and letters.
There is not a page which does not contain some energetic
truth, some pregnant principle, or some happy illustration, aud
those illustrations always powerful arguments."-BP. JEBB.
An original writer, but with some fanciful things on justifica-
tion. The reader who is disposed to be carried away by Mr. Knox's
genius, learning, and piety would do well to consult Bp. Barlow's
Letters."-BICKERSTETH.
See BARLOW, THOMAS; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 652; Brit.
Crit., xxiii. 1; Rev. T. Kelley's Letter in the Christian
Observer, Aug. 1836, and an answer to this Letter in
Pref. to vol. iii. of Remains. See also The Doctrine of the
Sacraments, as exhibited in several treatises, first pub. in
the Remains of Alexander Knox, Esq., 1838, sm. Sro.
3. Correspondence with Bishop Jebb: see JEBB, JOHN,
D.D.
**
You will be much pleased with Knox's Remains and his Cor-
respondence with Bishop Jebb."-Robert Southey to John May,
Jan. 30, 1836.
Knox, Charles, the author of Hardness and of
Softness, has pub. a number of other novels, &c., Lon.,
1841-52.
Knox, George. Speech on the Union, &c., 1800, '01.
Knox, Rev. Hugh. 1. Discourses, Lon., 1786,
1043
KNO
KNO
2 vols. 12mo. 2. Lett. to Jacob Green, 1772, 12mo. 3.
Moral, &e. Miscellany, N. York, 1775, 8vo.
never feared the face of man!"
|
Consult siso, with reference to Knox's life and lalours,
Cook's Hist. of the Reformation in Scotland; Hume's
Knox, John, 1505-1572, the famous Scotch Re-Hist. of England; Robertson's Hist. of Scot.; Lingard's
former, was a native of Gifford, a village in East Lothian, Hist. of England; Dodd's Ch. Hist. of Eng.; Disraeli's
or of Haddington, the principal town of the county. He Curiosities of Lit., ed. Lon., 1840, 462, 465, 475; Hallam's
was educated at the University of St. Andrew's; ordained Constitut. Hist. of Eng., 7th ed., 1854, i. 140, n., 171, 280,
a priest before the year 1530; became suspicious of the iii. 210; Edin. Rev., xev. 236; Westm. Rev., xl. 37.
soundness of the Roman Catholic doctrines about 1535; Having thus referred the reader to the representatives of
declared himself a Protestant in 1542; became preacher the various shades of opinion in matters of Church and
at St. Andrew's, 1547; carried prisoner to France by a State, we may safely leave to him the formation of a pro-
French fleet in the same year: regained his liberty and per estimate of the character of this remarkable man. As
repaired to England, 1549; officiated as preacher at Ber- regards his indomitable energy, fervent zeal, and unéon-
wick, and subsequently at Newcastle; Chaplain to Ed-querable courage, there can be no room for debate. The
ward VI., 1552; fled to Geneva on the accession of Queen | Regent of Scotland well knew the truth of that which he
Mary, 1554; returned to Scotland and renewed his zealous affirmed when he uttered over the Reformer's new-made
pulpit-ministrations, 1555; accepted the post of preacher grave those memorable words,-more quoted than any
to the English congregation at Geneva, 1556; returned epicede since the days of Cicero,-" There lies he who
home and settled permanently in Scotland in 1559, and
from this time laboured assiduously for the promotion of
the principles of the Reformation. He was twice married,
and had children by both his wives. It was whilst at
Geneva, in 1558, that he pub. one of the best-known of
his productions,-The First Blast of the Trumpet against
the Monstrous Regiment of Women, 16mo,—already no-
ticed by us in our Life of Bishop Aylmer, p. 84 of this
Dictionary. The most important of Knox's works-
which consist principally of controversial tracts, devo-
tional treatises, and liturgical manuals-is his Historie
of the Reformation of Religioun within the Realme of
Scotland; in V. Books: with his Life, by David Bu-
chanan, Edin., 1584, 8vo; 1st ed. It will be noticed that
this work was pub. after the author's death, who did not
finish it. An Account of Buchanan's Interpolations and
Omissions will be found in the Appendix No. VI. to
Bishop Nicolson's Scot. Hist. Lib., ed. 1776, 109. The
4th, and, until recently, the best, ed. of Knox's History
(with several other Pieces, and Life, by Mat. Crawfurd)
was pub. in 1732, fol. This was edited by Ruddiman.
Another ed., edited by McGavin. was given to the world
in 1831, 8vo; 1841, 8vo. But a more correct ed. than
any preceding one has been lately, put forth-vol. i.,
1846, 8vo; vol. ii., 1848, Svo-by Mr. David Laing.
These two vols. were followed by two others-vol. iii.,
1854, Svo; vol. iv., 1855, Svo-by the same editor, con-
taining other works of the Scotch Reformer. In 1840,
sm. 8vo, the Rev. John Cumming edited The Liturgy of
the Church of Scotland: or, John Knox Book of Com-
mon Order. See also Confession of Faith, edited by J.
Watson, and Writings of John Knox, in British Re-
formers, vol. v. We have not lingered long on the life
of John Knox; but those who shall be induced, by our
recommendation, to refer to the graphic portraituré
sketched by the master-hand of Dr. McCrie, will not be
disposed to censure us for sending them so soon to his
instructive pages.
This work which contains a large
amount of biographical and literary matter illustrative
of Scotland in the sixteenth century-was first pub. in
1812, 8vo, and has been several times reprinted, edited by
Mr. Smee and also by Mr. Andrew Crichton. Crichton's
last ed. bears date 1854, fp. Svo. But a new ed.-being
a portion of a new and uniform issue, in 4 vols. 8vo, of
Dr. McCrie's Works, edited by his son, of both his names
-was put forth by Blackwood & Sons, of Edinburgh and
London, in 1856, 2 Pts., 1 vol. 8vo. Previous to this last
impression there had been six eds., (each one being an
improvement on its predecessor,) besides several un-
authorized issues of the first ed., which was enlarged to
nearly double its size in subsequent eds.
|
"A work which has afforded us more amusement and more in-
struction than any thing we have ever read upon the subject, and
which, independent of its theological merits, we do not hesitate to
pronounce by far the best piece of history which has appeared
since the commencement of our critical career."--LORD JEFFREY:
Edin. Rev., xx. 1-29.
"Ilume certainly intended to make the Reformers of Scotland
odious and ridiculous. He had great powers of exciting sentiments
of this kind on whatever occasion he pleased, and he has certainly
succeeded in the instance before us. It is quite necessary, there-
fore, that a very valuable book lately published by Dr. McCrie
should be read. His Life of Knox will correct our present notions
in many important points.”—Prof. Smyth's Lecls."on Mod. Hist.,
Lect. X.
+
Dr. McCrie is really a great biographer, such as it has not
been the lot of Knox's equals, or even his superiors, always to
attain; for, however ably the characters of Luther and Calvin
have been treated in the general historics of their times, where
has either of them found a biographer like the present?"—Lon.
Quar. Rev., ix. 418-433.
See also Brit. Critic, 1813; N. York Method. Quar.
Rev., ii. 325; N. Haven Chris. Month. Spec., x. 289.
Knox, John. Collection of Voyages, Discoveries,
and Travels, 1767, 7 vols. 8vo.
Knox, John, d. 1790. 1. View of the British Em-
pire, &c., Lon., 1784, Svo; 3d ed., Edin., 1785, 2 vols.
Svo. 2. Northern Fisheries, Lon., 1786, 8vo. 3. Tour
through the Highlands of Scotland and the Hebride
Islands in 1786, 8vo, 1787.
"Some great design, aided by confederate states, may one day
come upon us like a thunderbolt, unless we shall be prepared to
avert the storm by having always in readiness 200,000 seamen on
whom we can depend when wanted for immediate service."―
P. clxvii.
Knox, John, Captain, R. Army. Historical Jour-
nal of the Campaigns in North America, 1757-60, Lon.,
1769, 2 vols. 4to.
"A very valuable collection of materials towards a history of our
late war and conquests in North America, as well as for a descrip-
tion and natural history of those parts of the country in which this
attentive and industrious officer personally served."-Lon. Month.
Rev.
Knox, Rev. John P., pastor of the Reformed
Dutch Church, St. Thomas, W. Indies. Historical Ac-
count of St. Thomas, W. Indies, N. York, 1852, 12mo.
Knox, Robert, b. about 1641, an officer in the E.I.
Co.'s service, a cousin of Strype the historian, was for
nearly twenty years a prisoner in Ceylon. An Historical
Relation of the Island of Ceylon, Lon., 1681, fol.; con-
tinued to 1815, with addits., by Philalethes Oxon., (Rob,
Fellowes,) 1817, 4to; in German, 1689, 4to; in French,
Amst., 1693, 2 vols. 8vo; in Dutch, Utrecht, by St. de
Vries, 1692, 4to.
"This work, though published so long ago, and by one who was
a prisoner, still retains its character as the fullest and most in-
teresting account of the inhabitants of Ceylon in the English lan
guage."-Stevenson's Voyages and Travels, 1824.
"The best and most ample account of Ceylon."-REV. SYDNEY
SMITH: Edin. Rev., ii. 136-147, April, 1803: Review of Percival's
Account of Ceylon.
And in Smith's Works, Lon., 1854, i. 79–93.
"Has supplied all the information we are yet in possession of as
regards the interior parts of this interesting island."-Lon. Quar.
Rev.
"The curious and still interesting account of Ceylon, in the pages
of old Robert Knox."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 442.
See KNIGHTON, WILLIAM.
Knox, Robert, M.D. Palsy; Med. Obs. and Inq.,
1767.
Knox, Robert, M.D., of the R. C. of Surgeons in
Edinburgh. 1. The Races of Men, 1850, p. Svo,
!
"This book is fairly beneath argument or criticism. It is a
curious medley of vanity, ignorance, malice, and fanaticism."-
Princeton Review: see N. York Internat. Mag., March, 1851, 458.
2. Great Artists and Great Anatomists, 1852, p. 8vo.
3. Manual of Artistic Anatomy for Sculptors, Painters,
and Amateurs, 1852, 12mo. 4. Human Anatomy, 1853,
12mo. Dr. Knox has also pub. translations of Beclard's
General Anatomy, 8vo, and Cloquet's Human Anatomy,
8vo.
Knox, T. To Public Speakers, 1797, 12mo.
Knox, Thomas. Landing of the French, 1797, 8vo.
Knox, Vicesimus, D.D., 1752-1821, a native of
Newington Green, Middlesex, educated at St. John's
College, Oxford, succeeded his father as master of the
school at Tunbridge, over which he presided for thirty-
three years. He obtained the united rectories of Runwell
and Ramsden Crays, Essex, and the chapelry of Ship-
bourne, Kent. His principal publications are: 1. Essays,
Additions
Moral and Literary, Lon., 1777, 12mo; anon.
were made to later eds., of which perhaps twenty have
been pub. The Essays were last printed in vols. i. and ii.
of the collective ed. of his works, 1824, 7 vols. 8vo.
"To persons of every description, but especially to young per-
sons, the Essays of our author are invaluable: their first praise is
1011
KNO
KOS
that they recommend, in a most fascinating manner, all that is
good and great; and, secondly, they are in a high degree calculated
to form the taste and excite a spirit of literary enthusiasm."-
Drake's Essays, vol. v. 365.
"The style as well as the matter of the Essays has long been
universally admired. In speaking of them to the publisher, Dr.
Johnson expressed himself in terms of high panegyric, and pre-
dicted the future reputation of the author.”—Annual Biog, and
Obit., vol. vi.
2. Liberal Education, 1780, 8vo; many eds.; last
printed in vols. iii. and iv. of his Works, 1824. 3. Ele-
gant Extraets in Prose, 1783, 8vo. 4. Do. in Verse, 1790,
8vo. 5. Elegant Epistles, 1792, 8vo. Reprinted. An
ed. of the Extracts in Prose and Verse, and the Epistles,
prepared by James G. Percival, the American poet, was
pub. at Boston, Mass., in 6 vols. 8vo. 6. Winter Even-
ings, Lon., 1788, 3 vols. 12mo. Reprinted in vols. ii. and
iii. of his Works, 1824. 7. Serms., (23,) 1792, 8vo. Twenty-
7. Serms., (23,) 1792, 8vo. Twenty-
eight serms. are printed in vol. vi. of his Works, 1824.
As a preacher he will long be remembered: his matter was
always excellent.”—Annual Biog, and Obů., vol. vi.
.6
8. Personal Nobility, 1793, 12mo: reprinted in vol. v.
of his Works, 1824. 9. Family Lectures; or, Domestic
Divinity, 1791, 8vo, containing upwards of 180 serms. by
ministers of the Church of England. Reprinted. A selec-
tion, with addits., was pub. in 1795, 2 vols. 8vo.
"For other bodies of hortatory divinity, the ordinary reader
will do well to procure the last edition of Dr. Knox's Family
tures."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
Kæppen, Adolphus Louis, Prof. of History and
Greek and German Literature in Franklin and Marsha}}
College, Penna. The World in the Middle Ages, N. York,
1854, 2 vols. 12mo, pp. 850; accompanied by an Historico-
Geographical Atlas of the Middle Ages, fol.
The same
work, 1 vol. fol., pp. 232, containing the Historical Geo-
Lec-graphy and the Atlas Complete. This work is highly
commended by George Ticknor, and other authorities.
10. Chris ian Philosophy, 1795. 2 vols. 12mo; 1798,12mo.
Reprinted in vol. vii. of his Works. Also separately,
1838, 12mo; 1855, fp. 8vo.
“Mr. Knox has brought together a good deal of information on
the great deficiency of Christian doctrines, and the evil conse-
quences of it, and presses powerfully the importance of seeking
divine teaching.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
11. Nature and Efficacy of the Lord's Supper, 1799,
12mo. Highly commended by Bishop Horsley, who was a
great admirer of Knox's religious works, and recommended
them for perusal as containing most attractive delineations
of the pure spirit of Christianity.
"The Reverend Dr. Knox, master of Tunbridge School, appears
to have the imitari aveo of Johnson's style perpetually in his mind;
and to his assiduous, though not servile, study of it, we may partly
ascribe the extensive popularity of his writings."-BOSWELL: Life
of Dr. Johnson.
"The celebrated Vicesimus Knox is a man to be praised as often
as he is named, for his literary accomplishments, and yet more to
be respected for the rare independence of mind which he ever dis-
played, and his steady adherence, through the worst of times, to
the cause of liberty."-Edin. Review.
See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1828, Pt. 1, 295, 337; and the
Biographical Preface to vol. i. of the collective ed. of
Knox's Works, 1824, 7 vols. 8vo, £3 138. 6d.
Knox, Hon. William, D.D., Bishop of Killaloe,
1791; trans. to Derry, 1803. 1. Two Serms., 1799, Svo.
2. Serm., 1800, Svo. 3. Serm., 1802, Svo.
Knox, William, Under-Secretary of State for Ame-
rican Affairs, pub. several works on the Liturgy, politics,
&c. See Watt's Bibl... Brit.; Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, i.
148, 171.
Knox, William. Paper in Med. Com., 1785.
Knox, William. Method of Extinguishing Fire,
&c., 1793, Svo.
Knox, William, 1789-1825, a native of Roxburgh,
Scotland, is perhaps better known through the medium
of Sir Walter Scott's Diary than by his own poetical pro-
ductions, a collection of which was pub. in 1818 under the
title of The Lonely Hearth, and other Poems, 12mo. He
also gave to the world Mariomne, or The Widower's
Daughter, a Christmas Tale; A Visit to Dublin, 1824;
Songs of Israel, 1824; The Harp of Zion, 1825; and
many contributions, prose and poetical, to the Literary
Gazette and other periodicals. A new ed. of The Lonely
Hearth and other Poems was pub. in 1847, fp. Svo. Sir
Walter Scott, Professor Wilson, and Southey, thought
highly of Knox's poetical abilities. See Chambers and
See Chambers and
Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, v.
365-367; Lockhart's Life of Scott.
"His talent then showed itself in a fine strain of pensive poetry,
called, I think, The Lonely Hearth, far superior to that of Michael
Bruce, whose consumption, by-the-way, has been the life of his
verses."-SIR WALTER SCOTT: Diary, Dec. 8, 1825; ubi supra.
Dental Surgery, 1826, 8vo. Extensively circulated in
England and America, and in 1828 trans. into German.
It was recently repub. in the United States. 4. Treatise
on Diseases of the Jaws, by Mitchell, 1828, 8vo. 5. Essay
on Artificial Teeth, 1835, 8vo.
Koecker, Leonard, 1785–1850, a native of Bremen,
Hanover, the son of a Lutheran minister, emigrated to
America in 1813, and practised dentistry in that country
until 1822, when he removed to London and continued
bis business until within a short time of his decease.
"He was a man of scientific acquirements and elegant tastes,
and had a thorough knowledge of several languages.”
1. An Essay on the Devastation of the Gums and the
Alviolar Processes, Lon., 1821. 2. On the Treatment of
Denuded Nerver of the Teeth, 1821. 3. Principles of
"The observations of Dr. Rush concerning the multitude of dis-
eases which proceed from decayed teeth have been fully confirmed
of late by DR. KOECKER, (a German dentist, probably without an
equal in the world as a dentist.) ... While in America. he was at
the head of his profession there, which is no light praise; for in
and better understood, than they are anywhere else on earth. Dr.
America the diseases of the teeth are more frequent, more wasting,
K. cures many diseases that have always been regarded as in-
curable, even to the time of our celebrated Mr. Fox, who leot
upon the devastation of the gums and alviolar processes in that
light.
light.... Dr. K.'s treatment of denuded nerves, and plugging, ul
stopping, are peculiar to himself, and altogether unrivalled. It
has written ably upon these very subjects.”—American Writers,
No. V., Blackwood's Mag., xvii. 201, Feb. 1825.
Dr. Leonard Koecker, now practising dentistry in Phila-
delphia, is a son of the subject of our notice.
Kohler, D., Lutheran pastor, Kutztown, Penna.
Biblische 4ti Juli Predigt, 1847.
Kohr, Lutheran pastor, Wythe county, Virginia.
Serms., posth.
Kollock, Henry, D.D., 1778-1819, a native of New
Trovidence, N. Jersey, graduated at Princeton College,
1794; was ordained a minister of the Presbyterian Church,
1800 appointed Prof. of Theology at Princeton College,
1803; accepted the charge of a congregation at Savannah,
Georgia, 1806. A collection of his serms. was pub. at
Savannah in 1822 in 4 vols. 8vo. These are now very
rare, and we recently (1857) saw the first three vols. ad-
vertised in a London bookseller's catalogue at £2 28. Dr.
Kollock was a disciple of the French school of sacred
oratory, and drew large and admiring audiences.
"One of the most ornate yet vehement orators whom our country
has produced."—Dr. James W. Alexander's Life of Dr. Archibald
Alexander, N. York, 1854, 359.
"Dr. Kollock was one of the most distinguished. eloquent, and
popular preachers of the day."-Fifty Years a Pastor; by John
Mc Dowell. D.D., Phila., 1855, p. 11.
And see Cambridge General Repository, i. 135.
Kollock, Sheppard K., D.D., a brother of the pre-
ceding, was b. 1795, at Elizabethtown, N. Jersey, gradu-
ated at Princeton Coll, 1812. 1. Biography of Rev.
Henry Kollock also edited an edition of his Serms.,
Savannah, 1822, 4 vols. Svo. 2. Ministerial Character.
3. Best Method of delivering Sermions. 4. Eulogy on
Edmund M. Mason. 5. Discourse on the Guilt and Con-
sequences of Duelling. 6. Treatise on the Perseverance
of the Saints. 7. Pastoral Reminiscences, N. York, 1849,
12mo. This work has been translated into French and
published in Paris.
König, Charles, 1774–1851, Keeper of the Mineralo-
gical Collections in the British Museum, a native of
Brunswick, settled in London in 1800. He edited, in
conjunction with Dr. John Sims, The Annals of Botany,
Lon., 1805, 4to, contributed papers to Trans. Linn. Soc.,
1803, and to Phil. Trans., 1814, and pub. the first number
of an intended work never continued,-Icones Fossilium
Sectiles. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Oct. 1851.
Konig, Sigismund, M.D. Med. Com. to Phil. Trans.,
1681.
Koops, Mathias. 1. Map of the Rhine, 1776, fol.
2. National Debt, 1796, Svo. 3. French Nation, 1793,
Sro. 4. Historical Account of the Substances which have
been used to describe Events and to convey Ideas from the
earliest Date to the Invention of Paper, 1800, Svo. Printed
on paper remade from old printed and written paper, and
the appendix "made from wood only." Mr. Joel Munsell,
of Albany, New York, has recently "printed, for pre-
sentation only," an interesting little work, entitled A
Chronology of Paper and Paper-Making, Albany, 1856,
Svo. pp. 58. A now ed., with addits., was issued in 1857.
Koster, Henry. Travels in Brazil, Lon., 1816, 4to;
2d ed., 1817, 2 vols. Svo. In French, 1817, 2 vols. Svo.
"There is, perhaps, no part of the Christian world with which
the English public are so little acquainted as Brazil, both as to its
history and its present state. . . . The general spirit of the book,
indeed, is excellent.-the manner more resembling the good, old,
plain, straightforward style of our best travellers than the mo
dern fashion of fine periods, and the matter for the most part
equally curious and amusing, presenting a faithful picture of a
1045
KOS
KYT
very interesting stage in the progress of society."-ROBERT SOUTHEY:
Lon. Quar. Rev., xvi. 344-387.
Also reviewed in Lon. Month. Rev., lxxxvii. 122;
Phila. Analec. Mag., ix. 487. See KIDDER, Laniel P.
Koster, John T. Two tracts on Bullion, 1811.
Krauter, Philip D. Theolog. tracts, 1780, '88,
'90.
Dr.
Krauth, Charles Philip, D.D., b. in Montgomery
county, Pennsylvania, in 1797, was formerly President of
Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, and is now (1857) a
professor of theology in that institution. 1. Oration on
the German Language, 1832. 2. Inaugural Address, 1834.
3. Address, Feb. 22, 1846. 4. Human Life; a Baccalaureate
Address, 1850. 5. Discourse on Henry Clay, 1852.
Krauth edited the Lutheran Sunday-School Hymn-Book,
was from 1826 to '31 associate editor of the Lutheran In-
telligencer, pub. at Frederick, Md., and has been for the
last seven years one of the editors (Prof. M. L. Stoever, of
Penna. College, is now his colleague) of the Evangelical
Review, pub. at Gettysburg. He has contributed to the
pages of these periodicals, and also to the Lutheran Pul-
pit, the Linnæan Journal, and the Biblical Repository.
Krauth, Charles Porterfield, b. at Martinsburg,
Virginia, 1823, son of the preceding, is now (1857) pastor
of the First Evangelical Lutheran Church at Pittsburgh.
Penna. 1. The Pastoral Office; a Farewell Discourse,
Balt., 1845. 2. The Transfiguration; an Exegetical
Homily, Gettysburg, 1850. 3. Popular Amusements; a
Discourse, &c., Winchester, 1851; 2d ed., 1852. 4. The
Bible a Perfect Book; a Discourse, Gettysburg, 1851; 2d
ed., 1857. 5. The Sunday-Service according to the Litur-
gies of the Churches of the Reformation, 1853. 6. A
Discourse occasioned by the Burning of the old Lutheran
Church, Sept. 27, 1854. 7. Benefits of the Pastoral Office,
1854. 8. The Old Church on the Hill; a Discourse, Win-
chester, 1854. 9. The Former Days and These Days; a
Thanksgiving Discourse, Pittsburgh, 1856. 10. The Lu-
theran Church and the Divine Obligation of the Lord's
Day, Gettysburg, 1857. Mr. Krauth has been a con-
tributor to the Evangelical Review, the Mercersburg
view, the Lutheran Observer, Linnæan Record and Journal,
the Western Continent, Methodist Protestant, Missionary,
Winchester Republican, Saturday Visitor, Adams Senti-
nel, St. Croix Avis, (D.W.I.,) and other periodicals. He
has now in press (in Phila.) a trans. from the 6th edit.
of Tholuck's Commentary on the Gospel of St. John.
Krebs, Rev. John M., b. 1804, at Hagerstown,
Md., ordained pastor of the Presbyterian Church, Rut-
gers St., N.Y., 1830. 1. The Johnson Club, 1826, 18mo.
2. A Review of an Appeal to the Christian Public, &c.,
1827, 12mo. 3. The Purpose and Success of the Gospel,
1833, Svo. 4. Righteousness and National Prosperity,
1835, 8vo. 5. The Providence of God in the Calamities
of Men, 1835, 8vo. 6. The Leader Fallen, 1841, Svo.
7. Merciful Rebukes, 1841, 8vo. 8. Man not Made in
Vain, 1842. 9. A Prosperous Journey, 18mo. 10. The
Reciprocal Relations of Physicians and Clergymen, Svo.
11. The American Citizen, 1851, 8vo. 12. The Presby-
terian Psalmist, pp. 368, 1852. 13. Psalms and Hymns 4to.
13. Psalms and Hymns
used by the Presb. Church U.S.A., (by six compilers.)
We have before us a list of many other publications by
the same author.
Hazelius's Hist. of the American Lutheran Church, 1685.-
1842. 1. Ein Wort für den Verstand und das Herz, 178!,
Svo. 2. Geistliche Gedichte, 12mo. 3. Serms. of L. Von
Buskirk, 1797. 4. Lutheran Hymn and Prayer Book, in
English, 1795. 5. Hist. of the Christian Religion and of
the Lutheran Church. 6. Eclipse of June 15, 1806.
Kurten, Philip. Art of Manufacturing Soaps, &c.,
Phila., 1854, 12mo.
Krieg, David, M.D. Cobalt; Phil. Trans., 1704.
Krohn, Henry, M.D. Med. treatise, 1791, fol.
Kroll, Adam. Commercial Dictionary, Lon., Svo.
Krotel, G. F., pastor of Trinity (Lutheran) Church,
Lancaster, Penna. 1. Trans. of C. F. Ledderhose's Life
of Melarethon, Phila., 1855. 2. Who are the Blessed?
or, Meditations on the Beatitudes, 1856.
Krum, J. M. The Missouri Justice, St. Louis, 1845,
8vo.
Knill, Rev. R. The Flag-Sergeant; or, the Life,
Adventures, &c. of J. Wooley, Phila., 32mo.
Kunze, John Christopher, D.D., 1740-1807, a
native of Saxony, pastor of the Lutheran congregation
of St. Michael's and Zion's Churches, Phila., 1771-84, and
of the German Lutheran Church in the city of New York,
1784-1807, was Prof. of Ancient Languages in Columbia
College, (New York,) 1784-87 and 1792-95. See Dr.
1046
Kurtz, B., D.D., editor of the Lutheran Observer,
Baltimore. 1. Religion for Children, 1821. 2. Address
on Temperance, 1824. 3. Why are you a Lutheran?
1843. 4. The Serial Catechism. 5. Infant Baptism, &c.,
1848. 6. Lutheran Prayer-Book, 1852. 7. Theological
Sketch-Book. S. Prayer in all its Forms, 1852. Dr. K.
has also pub. a number of occasional serms., &c.
•
Kyd, Thomas, one of the immediate predecessors
of Shakspeare. 1. Cornelia; a Tragedy, trans. from Gar-
nier, 1594, '95, 4to. 2. The First Part of Jeronimo, 1605,
4to. This is an introduction to the next piece. 3. The
Spanish Tragedy; or, Hieronimo is Mad Again, 4to. The
oldest ed. known is that of 1599; but there is supposed to
have been an earlier one, or perhaps more than one.
Other eds. were printed in 1601, '02, '03, '10, '11. '15, '18,
22, 33. Ben Jonson made addits. to the ed. of 1601, and
new addits. to that of 1602. It was greatly ridiculed by
Shakspeare and other writers of the day. See Brydges's
Phillips's Theat. Poet. Anglic., 205-206; Biog. Dramat.;
Collier's Hist. of Eng. Dramat. Poet.: Drake's Shakspeare
and his Times; Schlegel's Lects. on. Dramatic Lit., Black's
Re-trans., Lon., 1846, 457; Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe,
4th ed., 1854, ii. 174, 174, n.
|
Kydermynster, or Kidderminster, Richard,
d. 1531, Abbot of the Benedictine Monastery at Winch-
combe, Gloucestershire, 1487, wrote Tractatus contra Dec-
trinam Lutheri, 1521, and a history of Winchcombe Mo-
nastery, &c. See Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Wood's
Annals: Dodd's Ch. Hist.
Kurtz, J., D.D., Lutheran pastor. Baltimore, 1764-
1856, editor of Gemeinschaftliches Gesangbuch, Balt.,
1817. Various articles in the Evangelical Magazine.
Kyd, Stewart. 1. Law of Bills of Exchange, &c.,
Lon., 1790, Svo; 3d ed., 1795, Svo; 1st Amer. ed., Bost.,
1798, 12mo. 2. Law of Awards, Lon., 1791, Svo; 1799;
8vo: 1st Amer. ed., Phila., 1808, Svo. 3. Law of Incor-
porations, 1793–94, 2 vols. Svo. 4. Assessed Taxes, 1799,
Svo. 5. Income Act, 1799, Svo. 6. Acts rel. to Assessed
Taxes, 1799, 8vo.
|
Kyffin, Maurice, a minor poet temp. Shakspeare,
wrote The Blessedness of Brytaine, &c., 1587, 4to, and
some other pieces. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Kyle, Thomas. Fruit-Trees, Edin., 1785, Svo.
Kynaston, Francis, 1587-1642? educated at Oriel
College, Oxford. 1. Trans. of Chaucer's Troilus and
Cresside into Latin, Oxf., 1635, 4to. Eng. and Latin on
opposite pages.
The Troilus and Cressida of Chaucer is the most beautiful diary
of love ever written."-HARTLEY COLERIDGE.
2. Constitutions of the Musæum Minervæ, Lon., 1636,
4to. 3. Leoline and Sydanis; an Heroick Romance of
the Adventures of Amourous Princes: together with
sundry Affectionate Addresses to his Mistresse under the
Name of Cynthia, 1642, 4to. See Athen. Oxon; Faulk-
ner's Hist. of Chelsea; Ellis's Specimens; Cens. Lit.,
vol. ii.
Kynaston, John, 1728-1783, Fellow of Brazennose
College, 1751, gained considerable reputation by his ora-
tion De Impietate C. Cornelio Tacito Falso Objectata, &c.,
Lon., 1761, 4to, for an account of which, and of another
publication of his in 1741, 8vo, respecting a family diffi-
culty, sco Chalmers's Biog. Dict. See also Nichols's
Poems; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. 1x.
Kynwelmarsh, Anthony, was the author of some
poetical pieces pub. in The Paradise of Dainty Devices,
1576.
Kynwelmarsh, Francis, brother of the preceding,
also wrote some poetry pub. in The Paradise of Lainty
Devices, 1576, and assisted Gascoigne in his trans. of the
tragedy of Jocasta from Euripides.
Kyttes, G. The Unluckie Firmentie.
LAB
LAI
L.
Labatt, Samuel R., M.D., of Dublin. An Address | 464, 468, 472; Blackw. Mag., xix. 703, 706, xx. 883, 835,
to Medical Practitioners on Vaccination, Dubl., 1805, 8vo.
Labelye, Charles. Westminster Bridge, 1751.
xxi. 603, xxiv. 810. xxxi. 207, 208.
Laing, B. Ecclesiastical Divisions in Scotland,
Edin., 1852, 12mno.
Laborie, P. J., LL.D. The Coffee-Planter of St.
Domingo, with an Appendix, 1798, 8vo.
Laing, Mrs. Caroline H. Butler. The Old
Farm-House, Phila., 1855, 12mo.
"A valuable performance: the author's knowledge of the French
colonial system under the ancient governments is accurate and
profound."-Lon. Month. Rev.
Labutle, R. French Grammar, 1784, '90.
Laing, David. Paper in Ed. Med. Ess., 1731.
Laing, David. 1. Hints for Dwellings. Lon., 1800,
4to. 2. Plans, Elevations, &c. of Buildings, 1818, imp. fol.
Laing, David. 1. Select Remains of the Ancient
Lace, J. G. Ode on Europe, 1811, 4to.
Lacey, Henry. 1. Discourse for Domestic Use, Popular Poetry of Scotland, Edin.. 1822, sm. 4to. 8 Pts.
in 1 vol. 108 copies printed, part of which were destroyed
by fire Nov. 1824. 2. Various Pieces [42] of Fugitive
Scotch Poetry, &c., 1823-25. p. 8vo. 4 Pts. in 1 vol.; 72
copies printed. 3. Early Metrical Tales, 1826, 12mɔ;
175 copies printed. 4. Historie and Life of James the
Sext, &c.; edited for the Bannatyne Club by D. Laing,
1825, 4to; 52 copies printed. 5. John Spalding's Hist.
of the Troubles and Meinorable Transactions in Scotland
and England; edited by D. Laing for the Bannatyne
Club, 1828, 2 vols. 4to. 6. The Poems of William Dun-
bar, 1834, 2 vols. p. 8vo. See Blackw. Mag.. xxxvii.
287-318. 7. The Seven Sages, in Scottish Metre, by
John Rolland of Dalkeith; edited by D. Laing for the
Bannatyne Club, 1837, 4to. 8. Miscellany of the Wodrow
Society; edited by D. Laing, 1844, 8vo. Mr. Laing has
edited several other works: see BAILLIE, ROBERT; KNOX,
JOHN.
Lon., 1813, 2 vols. 12mo; 1818, 12mo.
"IIi discourses are mostly practical and hortative: his style is
elegan but simple; his emphasis is distinctly strong: his pero
rations, naturally deduced, are sometimes deeply affecting."-
ONESIMUS.
2. Principal Events in the Life of Moses, 1815, 12mo.
Lacey, J. Military Architecture, 1672, fol.
Lacey, James M. Farm-House; a Tale, &c.. 1809.
Lacey, William. On Chillingworth, 1639, 4to.
Lackington, James, bookseller, London. Memoirs
of Himself, Lon., 1791, Svo. In German, Hamb., 1795,
8vo. 2. Confessions and Letters, 1804, 12mo. In his
later years the author endeavoured to suppress both of
these volumes. They are very curious. Lackington's
Autobiography and Confessions were recently repub. in
1 vol. 12mo; also in 18mo.
Lacy. Lects. on Peter's Vision, &c., 1738, &c.
Lacy, Capt. Modern Shooter; new ed., Lon., 1846,
Svo.
Lacy, Benjamin. Serms., 1706, '20.
Lacy, James. Theolog. treatise, Lon., 1704, Svo.
Lacy, John. Wyl Bucke, his Testament, Lon., 4to.
Of this poem a new ed. was pub. by Joseph Haslewood.
Lacy, John, d. 1681, an actor and dramatic author,
wrote the following comedies: 1. The Dumb Lady, 1672,
4to. 2. The Old Troop, 1672, '98, 4to. 3. Sir Hercules
Buffoon, 1684, 4to. 4. Sawney the Scot, 1698, 1708, 4to.
See Biog. Dramat.; Dodd's Ch. Hist.
Lacy, John. Theolog. treatises, &c., Lon., 1707,
'08, '14.
Lacy, John. Universal System, Lon., 1779, Svo.
This is an astronomical work.
Lacy, Joseph. Use of Tobacco, &c., 1729, '33.
Lacy, Thomas. Selections in Prose, 1797.
Lacy, Willoughby. Descrip. of the Garden of
Islewarth, 1791, 4to.
Ladd, Joseph Brown, 176-1786, a native of
Newport, R.I., murdered in a duel at Charleston, S.C.,
was the author of a number of poetical and prose pieces,
of which a collection, with a life of the author, was pub. |
by W. B. Chittenden in 1832, N. York, 12mo. See Has-
KINS, MRS. ELIZABETH.
Ladd, William, 1778-1841, a native of Exeter, N.
Hampshire, editor of The Harbinger of Peace, pub. An
Essay on a Congress of Nations for the Adjustment of
International Disputes without resort to War. The world
will have to come to this at last; and why should more
lives be sacrificed in unholy strife ere that happy day
arrives?
Ladnar. Farmer's Guide, &c., 1764, Svo.
Lafage, John. Dropsy; Phil. Trans., 1705.
La Fevre, Minard, Architect. 1. Beauties of Mo-
dern Architecture, N. York, Svo. 2. Modern Builder's
Guide. 3. Architectural Instructor, 1856, imp. 4to, $16.
Lagden, Henry A. Serm., 1799, 8vo.
Laick, William. Answer to the Scots Presbyterian
Eloquence, Lon., 1789, 12mo, and in 4to.
Laidlaw, William, was the author of some fugi-
tive poems which elucidated the enthusiastic commenda-
tion of Christopher North. See Noctes Ambrosianæ,
May, 1828; Blackw. Mag., xxiii. 787.
Laine, Peter. French Grammar, 1655, Svo.
Laing, Alexander. The Thistle of Scotland; a
Collection of Ancient Ballads, with Notes, Aberd., 1823.
Laing, Major Alexander Gordon, 1794-1826,
an eminent African traveller, a native of Edinburgh, was
murdered by the Arabs on his return towards the coast
from Timbuctoo. Travels through the Trinannee, Koo-
ranko, and Soolima Countries to the Sources of the Ro-
kelle and Niger in 1822, Lon., 1825, Svo. See Chambers
and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855,
vol. iii. 336-345; Lon. Quar. Rev., xlii. 451, 458, 459, |
Laing, David. 1. Serms., Lon., 1841, r. Svo. 2.
On the Book of C. Prayer, 1844, 18mo. 3. On the Bible,
1848, 18mo; 1854, 18mo. 4. Oneness of Providence,
1855, 18mo.
Laing, Rev. Henry, LL.D. Greek and English
Lexicon to the New Testament, Lon., 1821, Svo.
"It is a convenient work for all who wish to read the New Tes-
tament in the original without making any further progress in the
language."-Brit. Rev., xxii. 409–410.
Laing, Henry. Descriptive Catalogue of Ancient
Scottish Seals, Edin.; privately printed by the Maitland
Club, 1850, 4to. Only 150 copies printed for sale.
"An esteemed work.—the only one that fully treats on the sub-
ject. It gives an interesting though brief account of the art of
engraving and the use of scals, as well as descriptions of abov
1200."-Lon. Notes and Queries.
Laing, John. Voyage to Spitzbergen, 1815, '18
'20, Svo.
Laing, Malcolm, M.P., 1762-1818, a native of
Orkney, a member of the bar, has already been noticed
by us as editor of the last vol. of Henry's Hist. of Great
Britain, 1785. He also edited the Life of James VI.,
pub. in 1804, and gave to the world two important works
of his own. 1. Hist. of Scotland from the Accession of
James VI. to the Reign of Q. Anne, 1800, 2 vols. 8vo;
1804, 4 vols. 8vo; 1819, 4 vols. 8vo. This may be con-
sidered a continuation of Dr. Robertson's History. In bis
Prelim. Dissert. on the participation of Mary Queen of
Scots in the Murder of Darnley, (first prefixed to the ed.
of 1804,) Mr. Laing exhibits a laboured argument in
proof of the guilt of Queen Mary.
"His merit as a critical inquirer into history, an enlightened
collector of materials, and a sagacious judge of evidence, has never
been surpassed. If any man believes the innocence of Queen
Mary, after an impartial and dispassionate perusal of Mr. Laing's
examination of her case, the state of such a man's mind would be
a subject worthy of much consideration by a philosophical ob-
server of human nature. In spite of his ardent love of liberty, no
man has yet presumed to charge him with the slightest sacrifice
attained the art of full, clear, and easy narrative was owing to the
of his historical integrity to his zeal. That he never perfectly
peculiar style of those writers who were popular in his youth, and
may be mentioned as a remarkable instance of the disproportion
of particnlar talents to general vigour of mind."-SIR JAMES
MACKINTOSH: Edin. Rev., xliv. 37.
I have just finished a careful perusal of your Dissertation on
Mary, and I think myself bound to profess my shame for having
ever doubted the atrocious guilt of that princess. Hume and Ro
bertson are undoubtedly too mild. The original documents them
selves cannot be read without conviction. Whoever doubts the
genuineness of the long letter from Glasgow, or of Haubert's con-
fession, must either be incorrigibly prejudiced. or altogether unac
customed to the examination of evidence. If she were tried before
me, I should certainly direct a jury to find her guilty."-SIR JAMES
MACKINTOSH: Letter to Laing, 28th July, 1807, in Mackintosh's Life.
“The ardour of Mr. Laing in the cause of liberty is not disgraced
by democratic coarseness or theoretic refinement. His enquiry
into the controverted question of Mary's participation in the death
of Darnley is minute without tediousness and acute without so-
phistry.”—DR. PARR.
1047
LAI
LAM
|
"A work which will be found often contributing to explain and
illustrate the reign of Charles the First, but absolutely necessary
in considering the reign of Charles the Second."-Prof. Smyth's
Lects. on Mod. Hist., Lect. XIX.. q. v.
"It is a work particularly rich in illustrative notes.”—Dibdin's
Lib. Comp.
Charles James Fox, a warm friend of Laing, considered
this history a work of great value. It has been regretted
that so able a historian should not have given more of the
results of his investigations to the world.
"Laing was most acute and ingenious."-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH.
"Whether I consider his sagacity in explaining causes, his clear-
ness in relating facts, his vigour in portraying characters, or his
ingenuity in unfolding and enforcing principles. I shall ever find
reason to lament that the continuation of Hume's History was not
undertaken by a writer so eminently qualified as Laing was for a
work so arduous and so important.”—DR. Parr.
2. The Poems of Ossian; containing the Poetical Works
of James Macpherson, in prose and verse, with Notes and
Illustrations, 1805, 2 vols. 8vo. The object of the notes
and illustrations is to prove the dishonesty of Macpherson,
whom the critic handles without gloves:
"Had Macpherson forged a fifty-pound note and got the cash
from Laing, he could not have been treated more unworthily: he
is looked upon as a highland Catheran, who has made a descent on
the Lowlands and marched away with much bestial.'”—ALLAN
CUNNINGHAM: Biog. and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years.
See MACPHERSON, JAMES, M.P.
Laing's work elicited answers from Mr. McDonald and
the Rev. Mr. Graham. See Blackw. Mag., xlvi. 701;
Chambers and Thomson's Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen,
1855, iii. 345-349; Lord Cockburn's Memorials of his
Own Time, 1856.
Laing, Samuel, of Rapdale, county of Orkney,
younger brother of the preceding, and father of Samuel
Laing, M.P., has obtained an extensive reputation as one
of the most intelligent and philosophical travellers of the
day. 1. Three Years' Residence in Norway, 1834-36,
Lon., 1836, Svo; new ed., 1852, 2 Pts. 12mo, and also in
1 vol.
"In talent, acquirement, sound thinking, and good writing, Mr.
Laing belongs to the same small class of travellers as Arthur
Young and Alexander Humboldt: every sensible reader will rise
from the perusal of his book with a conviction that, next to Hum-
boldt, he is the first of living travellers."-Lon. and Westm. Rev.
2. A Tour in Sweden, in 1838, Svo, 1839.
"A very able, carnestly-written, and really instructive work.”.
Lon. Month. Rev.
And see Lon. Athenæum, 1839, 179. 3. Notes of a
Traveller in France, Prussia, Switzerland, &c., 1841, Svo;
2d ed., 1842, Svo; new ed., 1854, 2 Pts. 16mo.
"These Notes embody more information, more instruction, more
thought, and more entertainment, than twenty of the average
octavos that annually profess to teach and amuse us with the in-
cidents and the conclusions of travel. The tone of the author is
admirable, on account of its manliness, independence, and fearless
expression; and there is not a passage in the book that does not
supply food for thought and strong suggestive points."-Lon.
Month. Rev., Feb. 1842.
See also Brit. and For. Rev., xvi. 586; Eclec. Rev., 4th
ser., xi. 384. 4. Hours in Norway: Poems, 1841, 12mo.
5. Atlas-Prize Essay on National Distress, 1844, 8vo. Con-
demned by the Athenæum, 1844, 793. 6. Heimskringla,
or Chronicle of the Kings of Norway; trans. from the
Icelandic of Snorro Sturleson, 1844, 3 vols. 8vo. Those
who desire to know more of Sturleson's great work will
find a table of its contents in B. Quaritch's Catalogue
Raisonné of Books, London, Feb. 12, 1857, p. 28. See
also Eclec. Rev. and Athenæum. 7. On the Schism
the Church of Rome, &c., 1845; 2d ed., 1846, fp. 8vo.
This refers to the exhibition of the Holy Coat at Treves
in the autumn of 1844,-visited by a million and a half
of people. See Athenæum, 1845, 1014. S. The Social
and Political State of the European People in 1848 and
1849; being the Second Series of Notes of a Traveller,
1850, 8vo. See North Amer. Rev., lxxi. 479; KAY,
JOSEPH, No. 2, in this Dictionary. 9. Observations on the
Social and Political State of Denmark, 1852, Svo. See
Blackw. Mag., x. 728.
Laingæus, Joannes, a Scotsman. 1. De Vita,
Moribus, et Gestis Hæreticorum Nostri Temporis, Par.,
1581, 8vo. 2. De Vita et Moribus Theodori Besa, Par.,
1585, 8vo.
Laird, F. C., Lieut., R.N. See HOWARD, GEORGE.
Laird, Macgregor, and Dr. R. A. K. Oldfield.
Expedition into Africa, 1832-34, 2 vols. 8vo. See LAUDER,
RICHARD.
Laisne, T. Grammars, Lon., 1811–14.
Laity. Directory of the Church Service for 1797, '98,
1801, 3 vols.
Surrey, 1605; Dean of Worcester, 1608; Bishop of Bath
and Wells, 1616. 1. Serms., [99,] with Meditations, Lon.,
1629, fol. 2. Ten Serms.. 1640, 4to. See Athen. Oxon.;
Wood's Hist. of Oxford; Walton's Life of Bp. Sanderson.
"Well read in the fathers and schoolmen, and had such a com-
mand of the Scriptures (which made him one of the best preachers)
that few went beyond him in his time."—WOOD.
Lake, Arthur, D.D., d. 1626, a native of Southamp-
ton; Perpetual Fellow of New College, Oxford, 1589;
Fellow of Winchester College about 1600; Archdeacon of
1048
"He made the great trust committed to him the chief care and
whole business of his life.”—WALTON.
Lake, Col. Atwell, C.B. 1. Kars, and our Cap-
tivity in Russia, Lon., 1856, p. 8vo; 2d ed. same year.
See Lon. Athenæum, 1856, 951, 1857, 626. 2. An Histo-
rical and Military Account of the Siege of Kars, Lon.,
1857, Svo.
"The defence of Kars will be an ever-memorable erent in the
annals of war. The names of General Williams and his gallant
comrades, by whom this glorious defence was made, will be crowned
with honour. Here we have a complete history of the siego."-
Lon. Lit. Gaz.
"A military study of rare value, and should become a clase-
book in military schools. This narrative is solid and auther tic,
and illustrated by a variety of important documentary matter."-
Lon. Leader.
"The contents are valuable; the narrative is copiously supplied
with despatches of military importance, and is illustrated with
effective drawings from Mr. Simpson, the Crimean artist."-Lon.
Times.
But see Lon. Athenæum, 1856, 951, 1857, 626. Those
who take an interest in this subject should read A Narra….
tive of the Siege of Kars, by Humphry Sandwith, M.D.,
Lon., 1857; Kars and Erzeroum, by Lieut.-Gen. W.
Monteith, 1857; A Narrative of the Defence of Kars,
from the German of George Kiety, 1857.
Times, Lon., 1852, 8vo.
Lalor, John. Money and Morals: A Book for the
"Neither a party nor a superficial production."-Lon. Economist.
Georgia from 1810 to 1819 inclusive, Augusta, 1821, 4to.
Lamar, L. Q. C. Compilation of the Laws of
Lamb, Anthony.
Athenians, by Augustus Boeckh; trans. from the 2d Ger-
The Public Economy of the
man ed., with Notes and Index, Lon., 1857, 8vo. Com-
frommended in Grote's Greece, &c. See LEWIS, SIR George
"For a full account of the whole course of proceedings in Asia,
-for a full and good account, in fact, of the Russian war,—we
would refer our readers to Messrs. Chambers' cheap and very ex-
cellent Pictorial History of the Russian War.?"—Lom, Gent. Mag
July, 1857, 34 n. q. v.
•
}
Lake, Edward, D.D. Serms., &c., 1662-1705.
Lake, Eliza. Wheel of Fortune, 1805, 3 vols.
Lake, John, D.D., Bishop of Sodor and Man, 1682
trans. to Bristol, 1684, and to Chichester, 1685; deprived,
for not taking the oaths, 1689. 1. Serm., Ps. ii. 6, 1670,
4to. 2. Funeral Serm., Rev. ii. 10, 1671, 4to. 3. Serni.,
John v. 12, 8vo. See A Defence of Bp. Lake's Profes-
sion, &c., 1690, 4to.
Lake, John. 1. House of Morville; a Drama, 1812,
8vo. 2. The Golden Glove; a Comedy, with Poems, 1815,
Svo.
Lake, John N. Serms., &c., 1781-1802.
Lake, Osmond. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1632, &c.
Lake, Sir Thomas. Sterling-Money, anno 1590.
See Hearne's Collection, i. 10, 1771.
Lake, William, 1787-1805, a native of Kingston,
Penna. The Parnassian Pilgrim: Poems, 1807, 12mo.
Lakin, Daniel. Miraculous Cure of the Prussian
Swallow Knife; from the Latin, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Lallier, L. Instructions for using M. Davon's An-
timonial Bougies, Lon., 1753, Svo.
CORNEWALL, Bart., M.P.
Lamb, Lady Caroline, 1785-1828, the daughter
of the Earl of Besborough, and wife of the Hon. William
Lamb, (now Lord Melbourne,) gained some reputation by.
three novels and her knowledge of languages. 1. Glenar-
von, 1816, 3 vols. 12mo. Glenarvon is supposed to repre-
sent Lord Byron. 2. Graham Hamilton, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
3. Ada Reis, 1823, 3 vols. 12mo. Lady Caroline also com-
posed many poems. A biographical notice of her ladyship
and a notice of her works will be found in The Annual
Biography and Obituary for 1829.
Lamb, Charles, Feb. 18, 1775-Dec. 27, 1834, a na-
tive of London, was the son of John Lamb, clerk, servant,
&c. to Mr. Salt, a bencher of the Inner Temple. After an
early education at the school of Christ's Hospital, and a
brief engagement in the South Sea House under his
brother Jolin, Charles was so fortunate as to obtain a per-
manent situation in the accountant's office of the East
India Company, which he held from April, 1792, until
March, 1825,-retiring on a peusion of £450 per annum.
A domestic tragedy which occurred in his twenty-second
year is connected at once with the most mournful and
most pleasing recollections which cluster around the name
of the author of Elia. Mary Lamb (Bridget Elia) in a fit
LAM
LAM
1
of the forest has a truly antique air, like a passage in Heywood or
Shirley:
'To see the sun to bed, and to arise.'
"So far as I was left at leisure, by a more potent order of poetry,
to think of the John Woodvil at all. I had felt and acknowledged
a delicacy and tenderness in the situations as well as the senti
ments, but disfigured, as I thought, by quaint, grotesque, and
mimetic phraseology.”—De Quincey's Recollections of Charles Lamb.
"The passages which we have already quoted are, we trust, suffi-
cient to justify our opinion of the age of the present drama. We
might have selected many other passages of equal antiquity. The
whole is indeed almost uniformly venerable, and will be justly
appreciated by all who are desirous of possessing a complete speci-
men of the drama in its state of pristine rudeness."-MR. BROWN:
Edin. Rev., ii. 90–96.
of insanity, in the month of September, 1796, suddenly
deprived her mother of life: she was proved to be in an
ansound state of mind, and by a righteous verdict confided
to her brother (by ten years her junior) for safe keeping.
How faithfully the tender brother fulfilled this duty,—how
anxiously he watched over his patient,-his by the double
right of nature and legal obligation,-is familiar to those
who know the least of his history. He now abandoned
all hopes of union with one to whom he was deeply at-
tached, and nerved himself to the discharge of his frater-
ual and filial duties: "I am wedded, Coleridge," he
writes to his most dearly loved friend, "to the fortunes
of my sister and my poor old father." The father died
shortly after his wife had been summoned in so awful and
sudden a manner to her account. Mary Lamb enjoyed
her brother's affectionate guardianship until his eyes were
closed in death, and survived him thirteen years, dying
May 20, 1847. To great amiability of disposition she
added considerable literary taste, and composed, in con-
junction with her brother Charles, four juvenile works,-
viz.: 1. Mrs. Leicester's School; or, the History of several
Young Ladies, related by themselves, 1808, 12mo. 2. Tales
from the Plays of Shakspeare, 1807, 2 vols. 12mo; 10th
and last ed., 1855, 12mo. Mr. Charles Knight, in his ed.
(1844, 2 vols. 18ino) of this popular work, has added to
each Tale a few Scenes from Shakspeare.
"One of the most useful and agreeable companions to the un-
derstanding of Shakspeare which have ever been produced. The
youthful reader who is about to taste the charms of our great
bard is strongly recommended to prepare himself by first reading
these elegant tales, which in a short compass, and adopting as
much as possible the language of the great original, give each plot
and story in a most impressive manner. Even those who are
familiar with every line of the original will be delighted with the
pleasing and compendious way in which the story of each play is
here presented to them.”—Lon. Quarterly Review.
3. The Adventures of Ulysses: intended as a Companion
to the Adventures of Telemachus, 1808, 12mo; last ed.,
1845, med. Svo. This work is also ascribed exclusively to
the pen of Charles Lamb. 4. Poetry for Children; entirely
original, 1809, 2 vols. 12mo. For further information
respecting Lamb's sister we must refer the reader to Tal-
fourd's Final Memorials of her brother. Charles Lamb's
first appearance before the world as an acknowledged
author was in 1797, when there appeared in a small 12mo
vol. a number of poems by Coleridge, Charles Lloyd, and
our author. Lamb's share in this literary copartnership
occupies twenty-eight pages, "within which space," says
his biographer, was comprised all that Lamb at this
time had written which he deemed worth preserving." In
the next year the blank verse of Lloyd and Lamb, which
had been contained in the vol. just named, was pub. in a
thin 12mo, under the title of Blank Verse, by Charles Lloyd
and Charles Lamb. The vol. met with but little favour
from the Monthly Reviewers:
"After a contemptuous notice of The Mourning Muse of Lloyd,
Lamb receives his quietus in a line:- Mr. Lamb, the joint author
of this little volume, seems to be very properly associated with his
plaintive companion."
To this vol. succeeded-1. Rosamund Gray and Old
Blind Margaret, 1798, 12mo. Very favourably reviewed
in the Lon. Monthly Review for August, 1800.
"For mere pathos, however, all that Lamb has ever done falls
far short of his beautiful tale Rosamund Gray. I remember when
I first read it, many years ago, I had been very ill and dispirited,
and, after resorting to book after book in vain for amusement, I
took up the little story. Its simplicity attracted me at once: it
opened upon my then fevered imagination with all the freshness
of a vernal landscape, and its deep and unpretending pathos won
my heart."-Recollectims of Lamb.
&
2 John Woodvil, a Tragedy; with Fragments of Burton,
1802, Svo. John Woodvil—an imitation of the style
of the English dramatists of the age of Elizabeth-was
offered to Kemble for the stage, and rejected.
“Godwin's catastrophie, had probably rendered him [Kemble] less
solicitous to encounter a similar peril,—which the fondest adniirers
of John Woodvil will not regret that it escaped. While the occa-
sional roughness of its verse would have been felt as strange to
ears as yet unused to the old dramatists whom Lamb's Specimens
had not then made familiar to the town, the delicate beauties en-
shrined within it would scarcely have been perceived in the glare
of the theatre."-SIR T. N. TALFOURD: Sketch of Lamb's Life.
*
"Mr. Lamb's John Woodvil may be considered as a dramatic
fragment, intended for the closet rather than the stage. It would
sound oddly in the lobbies of either theatre, amidst the noise and
glare and bustle of resort; but there where we have treasured up
our hearts' in silence and in solitude it may claim and find a place
for itself.... The defective or objectionable parts of this produc-
tion are imitations of the defects of the old writers: its beauties are
his own, though in their manner.”—Haztıtl's Lects, on the Dramat.
Lit. of the Age of Elizabeth, Lect. VIII, q. v.
Mr. Hazlitt remarks, on another occasion,
"There is much that is exquisite, both in sentiment and expres-
sion, in Lamb's play; and the following description of the sports
"""
This contemptuous notice, from which we have ex-
tracted the above half-dozen lines, elicits the censure of
Sergeant Talfourd in his Sketch of Lamb's Life.
This piece was
3. Mr. H—; a Farce, 1806; not printed at the time.
unsuccessful at Drury Lane Theatre,
although Elliston played the principal character; but it
had a great run at the Philadelphia theatre, with Mr.
Wood as the hero. 4. Specimens of English Dramatic
Poets who lived about the time of Shakspeare, with
Notes, 1808, cr. 8vo; often reprinted; last ed., 1854,
p. 8vo.
A second series of Specimens was pub. by Lamb
in Hone's Every-Day Book, under the title of the Garrick
Papers.
"He carries us on through whole scenes by a true, unerring mo-
tion. His was a poetical mind labouring in poetry."-Disraeli's
Amenities of Literature: The Predecessors and Contemporaries of
Shakspeare.
"A selection in which are displayed the utmost judgment and
praise of mine."-SINGER, in his d. of Chupman.
taste. The critical notices are extremely valuable, and above any
6.
It was only by slow and imperceptible degrees that they won
their way to the apprehensions of the most influential minds, and
wrought out the genial purpose of the editor in renewing a taste
for the great contemporaries of Shakspeare."-SIR T. N. TAL-
FOURD: Selch of the Life of Lamb.
It is much to be regretted that a collection disfigured by
so many indecencies ever won its way into public favour;
and no man confers a benefit upon society by "renewing a
taste for the great contemporaries of Shakspeare" so long as
be renews at the same time a taste for their abominable
obscenities. But we have already said enough upon this
fruitful theme in our lives of BEAUMONT, FRANCIS; COL-
LIER, JEREMY; CONGREVE, WILLIAM; FORD, JOHN.
Mr. Macaulay (see his Essays, Lon., 1854, iii. 8-12,
and Edin. Rev., Jan. 1841) properly, but too tenderly, re-
bukes Lamb's sophistical apology for the shocking literary
immoralities of the early English dramatists. But no one
since the days of doughty old Jeremy Collier has better
handled this subject than Christopher North, in his
Hour's Talk about Poetry. We give
We give a brief extract :
"It is satisfactory to know that the good sense and good feeling
and good taste of the people of England will not submit to be be-
laboured by editors and critics into unqualified admiration of such
enormities. The Old English Drama lies buried in the dust with
all its tragedies. Never more will they move across the stage.
But the monstrosities we have mentioned are not the worst to be
found in the Old English Drama. Others there are that, till civi
lized Christendom falls back into barbarous heathendom, must for-
ever be unendurable to human ears, whether long or short,—we
mean the obscenities. That sin is banished forever from our lite-
rature. The poet who might dare to commit it would be imme-
diately hooted out of society and sent to roost in barns among the
owls. But the Old English Drama is stuffed with ineffable pollu-
tions, .... and we cannot, for our part, imagine a Family Old
English Dramatist."
..
Neither Holland House nor the Edinburgh Review can make
men permanently overlook the glaring defects of the Old Englisa
Drama apart from Shakspeare. Its extravagance, its conceits, its
indecency, its constant delineation of profligate characters, has
exquisite occasional beauty. Real excellence needs no bolstering,
blinded men, and blinded them justly, to its vigour, its variety, its
Holland House is not required to keep Milton or Pope afloat; the
fame of Ilomer is greater than it was a thousand years ago; every
successive generation is charmed by the delicacy of Virgil's taste
and fascinated by the vigour of Dante's conceptions." SIR ARCHI-
BALD ALISON: Essays, Polit., Histor. and Miscell.. Edin. and Lon.,
1850, iii. 118: The Romantic Drama: originally pub. in Blackw.
Mag., Aug. 1846.
5. Works in Verse and Prose, 1818, 2 vols. 18mo. This
collection includes nearly all that Lamb had then written.
6. The Essays of Elia, 1823. 7. The Last Essays of Elia,
1833. Often reprinted; best ed., (separately pub.,) 1853,
12mo. The Essays were originally pub. as fugitive pieces
in the London Magazine, &c.
"They are carefully elaborated; yet never were works written
in a higher defiance to the conventional pomp of style. A sly hit,
a happy pun, a humorous combination, lets the light into the in-
tricacies of the subject, and supplies the place of ponderous sen-
tences. Seeking his materials for the most part in the common
paths of life, often in the humblest,-he gives an importance to
every thing, and sheds a grace over all."-SIR T. N. Talfourd ;
Sketch of the Life of Lamb.
6.
The prose essays under the signature (f Elia form the most
1049
LAM
LAM
•
d-lightful section amongst Lamb's works. They traverse a pecu-
lar field of observation, sequestered from general interest; and
they are composed in a spirit too delicate and unobtrusive to catch
the ear of the noisy crowd clamouring for strong sensations.
They resemble Addison's papers also in the diction, which is na-
tural and idiomatic even to carelessness. They are equally faith-
ful to the truth of nature."-De Quincey's Biographical Essays:
Charles Lamb.
“As a dramatic writer Lamb was sadly deficient in plot and con-
structiveness. But as a critic his merits were of a higher order;
and he is entitled to stand nearly in the first rank. His reputation
will, however, ultimately rest on the Essays of Elia. than which
our literature rejoices in few things finer."—D. M. Moir's Poet. Lit.
of the Past Half-Century.
"Shakspeare himself might have read them and Hamlet have
acted them; for truly was our excellent friend of the genuine line
of Yorick."-LEIGH HUNT: London Journal.
"Ilis prose essays and sketches of men and manners are in a
bolder and happier spirit [than his verses]: there is a quaint vigour
of language, a fanciful acuteness of observation, and such true
humanities and noble sensibilities sparkling everywhere, as rank
him among the most original critics of the age."-ALLAN CUNNING-
HAM: Biog, and Crit. Hist. of the Lit, of the Last Fifty Years.
Elia in his happiest moods delights me: he is a fine soul; but
a fine soul; but
when he is dull his dulness sets human stupidity at defiance. He
's like a well-bred, ill-trained pointer. He has a fine nose, but he
won't or can't range. He keeps always close to your foot, and then
he points larks and titmice. You see him snuffing and snoking,
and brandishing his tail with the most impassioned enthusiasm,
and then, drawn round into a semicircle, he stands beautifully
dead set. You expect a burst of partridges or a towering cock-
pheasant, when, lo and behold! away flits a lark, or you discover
a mouse's nest, or there is absolutely nothing at all. Perhaps a
shrew has been there the day before. Yet, if Elia were mine, I
would not part with him for all his faults."-TICKLER: Noctes
Ambrosianæ, April, 1822.
8. Album Verses and other Poems, 1830. A collective
ed. of Lamb's Poetical Works alone was pub. in 1838, sm.
Svo; 1839, med. 8vo. Prose and Poetical Works, 1838,
5 vols. p. Svo. Prose Works, 1839, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1840,
med. Svo; 1847, p. 8vo. Letters, with Sketch of his Life
by Sir T. N. Talfourd, 1837, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 1841, med.
Svo, and in 16mo; 1850, 12mo. Rosamund Gray, Essays
and Poems, 1841, med. 8vo; 1849, fp. Svo, and in 32mo.
Final Memorials, by Talfourd, 1848, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 1849,
12mo; 1850, 12mo. Prose and Poetical Works, with his
Letters, and Life by Talfourd, 1850, 4 vols. 12mo. Con-
tents Vol. I. Letters of Lamb, with Sketch of his Life
by Talfourd. II. Final Memorials; consisting of Letters,
with Sketches of some of his Companions by Talfourd.
III. Essays of Elia. IV. Rosamund Gray; Essays;
Letters under Assumed Signatures published in The Re-
flector; Fragments from Burton's Common-Place Book;
Mr. H a Farce; Poems; Sonnets; Blank Verse;
John Woodvil, a Tragedy; The Witch; Album Verses;
Miscellaneous Poems; Sonnets; Commendatory Verses;
Translations from Vincent Bourne; Ode to the Tread-
mill; Going or Gone; Free Thoughts on several Eminent
Composers; The Wife's Trial.
"
This excellent ed. was revised throughout and enlarged
and repub. in 1852, r. 8vo; 1856, 4 vols. 12mo. The
stereotype plates of 1850 were consequently destroyed.
Having considered Lamb as an essayist and as a
dramatist, we must not conclude without a brief notice
of his characteristics as a poet and as a conversationist.
CHARLES LAMB AS A POET.
"Charles Lamb was a true poet, but not a great one. His
genius was peculiar and wayward, and his mind seemed so impreg
nated with the dramatists preceding or cotemporary with Shak-
speare--Marlowe, Webster, Ford, Shirley, Marston, Massinger, and
their compeers-that he could not help imitating their trains of
thought. Yet he struck out a few exquisite things.-sparks from
true genius which can never be extinguished: as The Old Familiar
Faces; To Hester; The Virgin of the Rocks; and the descriptive
forest-cene in John Woodvil, which it is said Godwin, having found
somewhere extracted, was so enchanted with, that he hunted—of
course vaiuly-through almost all the earlier poets in search of it:
To see the sun to bed, and to-arise,' &c."
-Moir's Port. Lit. of the Past Half-Century.
There is much quaint feeling in his verses: he has used the
style of the good old days of Elizabeth in giving form and utter-
ance to his own emotions; and, though often unelevated and
prosaic, every line is informed with thought or with some vagrant
impulse of fancy. . . . He gives portraits of men whose manners
have undergone a city change; records sentiments which are the
true offspring of the mart and the custom-house, and attunes his
measure to the harmony of other matter than musical breezes and
melodious brooks."-ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog, and Crit. Hist. of
the Lit. of the Lust Fifty Years.
"All the great poets of the day have shown strong dramatic
power in their narrative or heroic poems. We see no reason why
Mr. Lamb should not be classed along with these writers. He is
probably better acquainted and more deeply imbued with the
spirit of the tragic genius of England than any of them.”—Black-
wood's Mag.
notice amongst the poets. Very pretty, very elegant, very tender,
very beautiful verses he has written; nay, twice he has written
verses of extraordinary force,—almost demoniac force,―viz.: The
Three Graves and The Gipsy's Malison. But, speaking generally,
he writes verses as one to whom that function was a secondary and
occasional function; not his original and natural vocation,—not an
ɛpvov, but a múρɛp; ov."-De Quincey's Recollections of Charles
| Lamb.
"His poetical productions are very limited. but they are suff-
cient, both in quality and quantity, to secure for him a prominent
station among the poets of Great Britain."-MRS. S. C. IÏALL.
"Those, therefore, orr, in my opinion, who present Lamb to our
Į
I
|
CHARLES LAMB AS A CONVERSATIONIST.
<< Many of Lamb's witty and curious sayings have been repeated
since his death, which are worthy to be held in undying remem-
brance; but they give no idea of the general tenour of his con-
versation, which was far more singular and delightful in the traits
which could never be recalled than in the epigrammatic turns
which it is possible to quote. It was fretted into perpetual eddies
of verbal felicity and happy thought, with little tranquil intervals
reflecting images of exceeding elegance and grace. He sometimes
poured out puns in startling succession, sometimes curiously con-
trived a train of sentences to introduce the catastrophe of a pun,
which in that case was often startling from its own demerit."-
SIR T. N. TALFOURD: Sketch of the Life of Lumb.
"It is forever to be regretted that so many of Lamb's jests,
repartees, and pointed sayings should have perished irrecoverably;
and from their fugitive brilliancy (which, as Serjeant Talfourd
remarks, often dazzle too much to allow of the memory coolly
retracing them some hours afterwards) it is also to be regretted
that many have been improperly reported."-De Quincey's Recol
lections of Charles Lamb.
"Nor is he otherwise in company than he is on paper: his wit is
unwearied, and his gentleness of heart ever uppermost, save when
he chooses to bo sarcastic; and then he soothes whomever he offends,
by some happy and unhoped-for compliment."—ALLAN CUNNINGHAM ;
Biog, and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years.
Ambrosianæ at Lamb's:
Hazlitt gives us a graphic picture of one of the Noctes
"This was the case formerly at L's, where we used to have
many lively skirmishes at their Thursday evening parties. I doubt
whether the Small-coal man's musical parties could exceed them.
Oh for the pen of John Buncle to consecrate a petit souvenir to
their memory! There was L. himself, the most delightful, the
He always
most provoking, the most witty and sensible, of men.
ing. His serious conversation, like his serious writing, is his best.
made the best pun and the best remark in the course of the even-
No one ever stammered out such fine, piquant, deep, eloquent things
in half a dozen sentences as he does. His jests scald like tears;
and he probes a question with a play upon words. What a keen,
What choice
laughing, hair-brained vein of home-felt truth!
venom! How often did we cut into the haunch of letters whilo
we discussed the haunch of mutton on the table! How we skimmed
the cream of criticism! How we got into the heart of controversy!
How we picked out the marrow of authors!”—Tuble-Talk: On the
Conversation of Authors.
It would be hardly an accurate use of language to
assert that Lamb is or ever was a "popular writer."
In
the words of the author's friend of many years, the Eng-
lish Opium-Eater,-he
“ranks amongst writers whose works are destined to be forever
unpopular and yet forever interesting,-interesting. moreover, by
means of those very qualities which guarantee their own popu-
larity. The same qualities which will be found forbidding to the
worldly and the thoughtless, which will be found insipid to many
even amongst robust and powerful minds, are exactly those which
will continue to command a select audience in every generation."—
Biographical Essays: Charles Lamb.
Biographical Essays: Charles Lamb.
"His works—I again utter my conviction—will be received as
amongst the most elaborately finished gems of literature; as cabi-
net-specimens which express the utmost delicacy, purity, and ten-
derness of the national intellect, together with the rarest felicity
of finish and expression, although it may be the province of other
modes of literature to exhibit the highest models in the grander
and more impassioned forms of intellectual power. Such is my
own intimate conviction."-Ibid.: Recollections of Charles Lamb.
The glimpses and flashes which Charles Lamb flings over a
subject shew us more of its bearings than a hundred farthing
candles ostentatiously held up by the hands of formal and pragma-
tical literati. Every thing that rises up before his mind is set
before us in vivid beauty. The style of his prose is exceedingly
beautiful, in imitation of those rich elder writers of ours,
always easy, simple, graceful, and concise.”—Blackw. Mag.
6.
but
To quote the language of one of the most accomplished
critics of the age, on either side of the water,
"Were it only for the peculiar species of fame which Lamb's
contributions to the light literature of his country have obtained
heritage, in the method by which it was won, in the example
him, were it only for the valuable lesson involved in this tributary
with which it is associated, there would remain ample cause for
there would be sufficient reason to remember, gratefully and long,
congratulation among the real friends of human improvement;
the gifted and amiable essayist. Instead of the feverish passion
for reputation which renders the existence of the majority of pro-
better becoming the dust and heat of the arena than the peaceful
fessed littérateurs of the present day a wearing and anxious trial,
shades of the academy, a calm and self-reposing spirit pervades
offspring of thoughtful leisure; they are redolent of the otium;
and characterizes the writings of Lamb. They are obviously the
and in this consists their peculiar charm. We are disposed to valuo
this characteristic highly at a time which abounds, as does our
age, with a profusion of forced and elaborate writings."-HENRY
T. TUCKERMAN: The Humorist,-Charles Lamb: Characteristics of
Literature, First Series, N. York, 1849, 130-170.
England, 1553, 42-43; Gilfillan's First Gallery of Literary
See also pp. 256-262, and the same author's Month in
Portraits; Chorley's Authors of England; Southey's Life
1050
LAM
LAM
1
Lambard, Thomas. Serin., Oxon., 1799, 4to.
and Correspondence; Allsop's Recollections of Coleridge; | demption Redeemed, Lon., 1656, 4to. Lamb pub. two
Madden's Literary Life and Corresp. of the Countess of treatises previous to the above. See GOODWIN, JOHN,
Blessington; Edin. Rev., lxvi. I; Lon. Quar. Rev., vi. No. 4.
485, (by Gifford,) liv. 58; Brit. and For. Rev., v. 507; N.
Brit. Rev., x. 97; Brit. Quar. Rev., vii. 292; Westm. Rev.,
xxvii. 229; Eclec. Rev., 4th ser., ii. 380, xxiv. 465; Lon.
Month. Rev., xc. 253, ci. 202, exxii. 529; Blackw. Mag.,
ii. 265, 662, n., iii. 559, iv. 66, v. 50, ix. 140,' xi. 486,
xiv. 313, 504, xxiii. 178, 401, xxv. 64, 564, 751, xxvii.
97, 712, n., xxviii. 272, xxx. 663, 664, xxxiii. 166,
Ixvi. 133; Fraser's Mag., xi. 126; Dubl. Univ. Mag., xi.
173; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1835, Pt. 1, 325, 1838, Part 1,
451, 1848, Pt. 2, 451; Lon. Athenæum, 1848, 741; Amer.
Quar. Rev., xix. 185, xxii. 473; Amer. Whig Rev., vii.
508, (by T. H. Barrett,) viii. 381; N. Amer. Rev., xlvi. Lambarde, William, 1536-1601, Keeper of the Re-
85, (by C. C. Felton ;) Bost. Universal Quar., vi. 90; South. cords in the Tower, &c., was the author of a number of
Lit. Mess., vi. 652, (by H. T. Tuckerman,) xiv. 711; De- legal publications, and the following works: 1. Perambu-
mocrat. Rev., xix. 123, (by J. W. Shelton ;) N. York Rev.,lation of Kent, 1576, 4to; last ed., Chatham, 1826, Svo.
ii. 213; N. York Eclec. Mag., xv. 251, xvi. 93, xxiii.
491 Phila. Mus., iii. 561, iv. 33, xxvi. 507; Knicker-
bocker, xxxv. 500, (by F. W. Shelton ;) Bost. Chris. Exain.,
ii. 334, (by W. H. Furness;) Bost. Liv. Age, xviii. 561,
(from the Lon. Examiner,) xix. 397, (from the Lon.
Chris. Rememb.,) 1. 145. There are also notices of Lamb
and his writings, by John Forster, in the New Monthly
Magazine; by Mr. Patmore, in the Court Magazine; by
Mr. Proctor, in the Athenæum; by Mr. Moxon, in Leigh
Hunt's London Journal; also an article in Tait's Edin-
burgh Magazine.
;
"The county of Kent has been so exactly described, in a work
expressly on the subject, by William Lambarde, a person of great
learning and character, and so happy in his researches, that he has
left very little for others," &c.-Camden's Britannia.
Whatever points of difference may exist between these
many critics respecting the character and literary recrea-
tions (for he has forbidden us to call thein Works) of
Charles Lamb, there is probably no one who would not
cheerfully endorse the sentiment well expressed by an
eminent critic whom we have had occasion to quote on a
preceding page of this article :
We admire his genius; we love the kind nature which appears
in all his writings; and we cherish his memory as much as if we
had known him personally."—T. B. MACAULAY: Comic Dramatists
of the Restoration: Works, Lon., 1854, iii. S; and in Edin. Rev.,
Jan. 1841.
•
"Lamb's writings will go down to the latest posterity by the
side of Addison, Steele, Johnson, or still greater names, and so at
length count more heads and hearts influenced than many works
at first more widely popular."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
Lamb, E. B. Studies of Ancient Domestic Archi-
tecture, Lon., 1846, imp. 4to.
Lamb, Francis. 1. Astroscepium; or, Two Hemi-
spheres, Lon., 1573, Svo. 2. Book of Maps of Ireland,
4to. 3. Geograph. Descrip. of Ireland; froin Petty's Sur-
vey, 12mo.
Lamb, Hon. George, M.P., 1784-1834, brother to
Lord Melbourne, was the author of Whistle For It, an
Operatic Farce, 1807, some minor poems, and a trans. of
the Poems of Catullus, with a Preface and Notes, Lon.,
1821, 2 vols. fp. Svo. This trans. is severely criticized
and condemned by Blackwood's Mag., ix. 507–516. Some
specimens are given in this article, and some will be
found in the same periodical, vol. xxxiv. 412, 413. A
biographical notice of Mr. Lamb will be found in the Lon.
Gent. Mag., April, 1834.
Lamb, Sir James Bland Burges, 1752-1825.
See BURGES, SIR JAMES BLAND; Lou. Gent. Mag., Jan.
1825, 81.
Lamb, John, D.D., d. 1850, in his 61st year, master
of Corpus Christi Coll., Camb., 1822, Dean of Bristol,
1837, pub. several works, the best-known of which are-
1. Histor. Account of the XXXIX. Articles 1553-1571,
Camb., 1829, 4to; 2d ed., 1835, 4to. 2. An ed. of Mas-
ter's Hist. of the Coll. of Corpus Christi continued, &c.,
183-, 4to. 3. A Collect. of Letters, &c. illust. of the
Hist. of the Univ. of Camb. 1500-1572. See Lon. Gent.
Mag., 1848, Pt. 2, 55, 1850, Pt. 1, 667; Chris. Rememb.,
June, 1829.
"It is evident [from the above works] how grossly both Edwards
(in his Gangrena] and Bailie (in his Anabaptism] have misrepre
sented the fact in stating that Mr. Lamb maintained and taught
either the Arminiau or Antinomian tenets. On the contrary, it is
extremely obvious that upon the disputed points he was a strict
Calvinist."-BROOKS.
Lamb, Thomas. The Wood Wren; Trans. Linu.
Soc., 1792.
Lamb, William. The Fashionable Friends; a Co-
medy, 1802, 8vo.
Lamb. See LAMBE.
Lambarde knew how to return compliments: see СAM-
DEN, WILLIAM. 2. Dictionarium Angliæ Topographicum
et Historicum, 1730, 4to; posth. See Bibl. Top. Brit., No.
42; Bridgman's Leg. Bibl.; Marvin's Leg. Bibl.; Lowndes's
Bibl. Man.
Lambe. See LAMB.
Lambe, Capt. Lett. to K. George, 1731, fol.
Lambe, Charles. Serms., &c., 1713–17.
Lambe, Rev. George. New Arabian Nights En-
See FORSTER,
tertainments, Lon., 1826, 3 vols. fp. Svo.
REV. EDWARD; Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 57.
Lambe, George. A Romance, 1809, 4 vols. 12mo.
Lambe, Henry, LL.D. Serms., 1707-23.
Lambe, John, D.D., Dean of Ely and Chaplain-in-
Ordinary. Serms., Lon., 1673-1701.
Lambe, Rev. Robert. Hist. of Chess, 1765, '75,
'94, Svo.
Lambe, Robert. Battle of Flodden, in Verse, with
Notes, Berw., 1774, 12mo; Lon., 1775, Svo.
Lambe, Samuel. To the Lord Protectour, 1637.
Lambe, William. Serin., Newc., 1755, 4to.
Lambe, William, M.D. Medical works, 1803-15.
Lambert. Paper in Med. Obs. and Inq., 1762.
Lambert, Lady. Petition to Genl. Monk, 1659.
Lambert, Miss, of London. 1. My Knitting-Book;
2 Pts. 16mo, 1843, and new eds. The sale of Pt. 1 had
reached 34,000 copies by 1846. 2. Church Needlework,
1844, p. Svo. 3. Hand-Book of Needlework; 4th ed.,
1846, fp. Svo. 4. Ladies' Pocket-Book of Knitting, 1847,
32mo. 5. Practical Hints on Decorative Needlework,
1847, 16mo. 6. My Crochet
1847, 16mo. 6. My Crochet Sampler; two series, 16mo;
new ed., 1848.
"Miss Lambert's works on the art of needlework bear a high
character, especially for the distinctness and precision of their
directions."-English Churchman.
Lambert, Aylmer Bourke. 1. Descrip. of the
Genus Cinchona, Lon., 1797, 4to. 2. Descrip. of the
Genus Pinus, 1803, imp. fol.. £10 10s.; Append., 1807.
New ed., 1828-37, 3 vols. atlas fol., exquisitely coloured,
£78 158. Only 25 sets were taken off, and the whole were
coloured under the immediate superintendence of Pro-
fessor Don, who also wrote the descriptions of the species
in vols. ii. and iii. A book at such a price-about $400
-ought to be a splendid one, and this certainly comes up
to the full meaning of the term. Lambert contrib. a num-
ber of papers to Trans. Linn. Soc., 1794-1812.
Lambert, B., trans. Dr. J. A. Michaux's Travels in
the U. States, Lon., 1805, Svo, and pub. a Hist. and Sur-
vey of London, 1806, 4 vols. Svo, and some other works.
Lambert, C. D. L.
C. D. L. Adventures of Cooroo, 1805,
Svo.
Lambert, Eli. On Dower, N. York, 1834, Svo.
Lambert, George. Serms., 1788-1813.
Lambert, George. Game of Hazard, 1812, 8vo.
Syo. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog., 36.
Lambert, James. Diseases of Cattle, 1676, '83,
Lambert, Col. John. Letters, Speech, &c., Lon.,
1648-59.
Lambert, John, a Reformer burned at Smithfield
Oct. 1538, was the author of a Treatise on the Lord's
Supper, edited by John Bale, Lon., 1538, 16mo, and a
Treatise on Predestination and Election, Cantab., 1550,
Svo.
Lamb, Mary, 1765?-1847. See LAMB, CHARLES.
Lamb, P. Funeral Serms., Lon., 1679, both 4to.
Lamb, Patrick. Cookery, Lon., 1710, '26, Svo.
Lamb, Sergeant R. Journal of Occurrences during
the lato American War, Dubl., 1809, Svo.
Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 44.
Lamb, Robert, Bishop of Peterborough, 1764, d.
1769. Serm., James iii. 16, Lon., 1768, 4to.
See Rich's
Lamb, Robert, of St. Paul's, Manchester. Sermons
on Passing Seasons and Events, Lon., 1853, 12mo.
"Plain, earnest, practical discourses."-Lom. Lit. Gaz.
"Very ably written.”—Church and State Gazellɛ.
Lamb, Thomas, d. about 1672, a Calvinist Baptist Lambert, John. Travels in Canada and the U.
preacher. Absolute Freedom from Sin by Christ's Death, States, 1806-08, Lon., 1810, 3 vols. 8vo; 1814, 2 vols.
for the World &c.; in opposition to John Goodwin's Re- | 8vo; 1816, 2 vols. 8vo. In this work Lambert quotes
1031
LAM
LAN
"a few of the Salmagundian Essays [see IRVING, WASH-|
INGTON] as a specimen of American literature." In 1811
In 1811
he pub., in London, an ed. of Salmagundi, (2 vols. 16mo,)
with an Introductory Essay and Explanatory Notes: see
LANGSTAFF, LAUNCELOT.
Lambert, William. Precedents, &c. on Ques-
tions of Order, &c. in H. of R., U. States, Wash.,
-1811, 8vo.
Lamborn, E. The Practical Teacher; or, Familiar
Illustrations of the Modus Operandi of the School-Room,
Lancaster, Pa., 1855, sm. Svo.
Lambert, Joseph. Observations on the Rural | 1555? Svo.
Affairs of Ireland, Dubl., 1829, Svo. See Donaldson's
Agricult. Biog., 117.
Lambert, Ralph, D.D., Bishop of Meath. Serms., Svo.
1693, 1702, '08, all 4to.
Lancaster, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1789, 4to.
Lancaster, Thomas William, Vicar of Banbury.
Eight Discourses at the Bampton Lect., 1831, Oxf., 1831,
Svo. Mr. L. pub. other Serms., &c., 1828-38.
Lancaster, William, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1697,
Lambert, T. S., M.D. 1. Human Biology; or,
Popular Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene, Hartford,
Conn., 1854, 12mo. This is a new ed. of Lambert's Third
Book of Physiology. 2. Practical Anatomy and Physio-
logy, 12mo. This is Lambert's Second Book of Physio-
logy. 3. Hygienic Physiology, 12mo. This is Lambert's Lance, Edward Jarman. 1. The Golden Farmer,
First Book of Physiology. 4. Six Anatomical Plates, Lon., 1831. Svo.
4. Six Anatomical Plates, Lon., 1831. Svo. 2. The Cottage Farmer. 3. The Hop
each 22 by 36 inches. The value of these works is well Farmer, 1838, 12mo.
known, and they are in use in many of the colleges and
schools of the United States.
4to.
"Allowed to be the best work on the subject.”—Donaldson's
Agricull. Biog.
4. On the Food of Plants, 1842, 12mo. Mr. L. contri-
buted largely to Baxter's Agricultural Library.
Lance, W. Life and Marine Assurance, Lon., 1854,
Svo.
Lancelott, F., Mineralogical Surveyor in the Aus-
tralian Colonies. Australia as It Is, Lon., 1853, 2 vols.
p. Svo; 2d ed., 1853, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Lancey, John. Burning of the Brig Nightingale,
1754.
Land, John. Hot and other Baths, 1814, 12mo.
Landell, Sarah. A Romance, 1795, 2 vols. 12mo.
Landells, James. Collection of Prose and Verse;
from the most Eminent Authors, Berwick, 1782, 12mo.
Landen, James, 1719-1790, an eminent mathe-
matician, a native of Peakirk, was the author of many
papers on his favourite subject, commencing with his
essays in the Ladies' Diary in 1744, and terminating with
his page on rotary motion in Phil. Trans., 1785. He was
also the author of (1) Mathematical Lucubrations, 1755-
81, 4to. 2. Vesianal Analysis, 1758, '64, 4to. 3. Re-
sidual Analysis, 1764, 4to. 4. Animadversions on Stewart's
Computations of the Sun's Distance from the Earth, 1771,
4to. 5. Mathemat. Memoirs, 1780-82, 2 vols. 4to. 6.
Tracts on Converging Series, 1781-82-83, all 4to. See
Hutton's Dict.; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. 1x.; Leslie's
Prelim. Dissert. (4th) to Encyc. Brit., 7th ed.
Lander, John. See LANDer, Richard.
Lander, Richard, 1804–1834, a native of Cornwall,
made three expeditions into Africa. I. With Captain
1.
Hugh Clapperton, 1825-28. In 1829, 4to, (1830, 2 vols.
er. Svo.) Lander pub. Clapperton's Journal and his own
kept during this expedition: Records of Captain Clapper-
ton's Last Expedition to Africa; with R. Lander's Jour-
nal, Lon., 1829, 4to. See CLAPPERTON, HUGH. 2. With
his brother, John Lander, (1806-1834,) 1830–31. On the
18th of November, 1830, they were rewarded for their
toils and perils by reaching the Atlantic Ocean through
the river Nun, (First Brass River,) one of the chief
branches of the Niger. On their return home, June,
1831, Mr. Murray gave the brothers one thousand guineas
for their journals, which were prepared for publication by
Lieut. Beecher, R.N., and issued under the title of Jour-
nal of an Expedition to Explore the Course and Termina..
tion of the Niger; with a Narrative of a Voyage down
that River to its Termination, by Richard Lander and
John Lander, 1832, 3 vols. p. 8vo; new ed., 1845, 2 vols.
18mo. 3. With Macgregor Laird and Dr. R. A. K. Old-
field, 1832-34. During a conflict with the savages Larder
was wounded by a musket-ball, and died at Fernando Po,
Feb. 7, 1834. His brother John sank under the unwhole-
some effects of the climate, and, with many others con-
nected with this unfortunate expedition, found a grave in
a land of strangers.
a land of strangers. Laird and Oldfield lived to publish
an account of the Expedition, (1837, 2 vols. 8vo,) which
we have already noticed on a preceding page.
Seo
LAIRD, MACGREGOR, and OLDFIELD, DR. R. A. K. Seo
also Blackw. Mag., xxx. 130, 131, 135, xxxi. 201; Lon.
Athenæum, 1832, 189, 206; Lon. Gent. Mag., Sept. 1834,
324; N. Amer. Rev., xxxv. 371, (by B. B. Thatcher ;)
Amer. Month. Rev., ii. 283; Niles's Reg., xlvii. 169;
Bayard Taylor's Cyc. of Mod. Travel, Cin., 1856. Lander's
autobiography is prefixed to his Records of Clapperton's
Last Expedition to Africa, (ante.)
Lancaster. The LXX. Weeks of Daniel, 1722, 4to.
Lancaster, Mrs. Agnes. The Abbess of Valtiera,
The Abbess of Valtiera,
1816, 4 vols.
Lancaster, Daniel. Serms., 1800-03.
Lancaster, Joseph, 1778-1838, the promoter-to
say the least of the Madras System of Education, has
already been noticed in our article on Dr. Andrew Bell,
q. v., and authorities there cited. A list of severa: pub.
lications by Lancaster on the characteristics of his sys-
tem will be found in Watt's Bibl. Brit. See also the
Life of Lancaster, by his friend William Corston; Edin.
Rev., ix. 61, 177, (by Rev. Sydney Smith; and see his
Works, Lon., 1854, i. 161–171, ii. 475,) xvii. 67, xix. 1,
258, xxi. 207; Lon. Quar. Rev., vi. 264, (by Robert
Southey;) N. Amer. Rev., xviii. 184, (by J. Griscom ;)
Eclec. Rev., 4th ser., xvii. 249; Blackw. Mag., xvi. 644,
xxv. 107, 114, 132, xxxv. 232; Bost. Liv. Age, xix. 216,
(from Chambers's Journal;) Lord Cockburn's Memorials
of his Own Time.
|
Lambton, William, Major, R.A. Trigonomet.
Survey; Nic. Jour., 1808. See Blackw. Mag., iv. 753.
Lamont, David, D.D., minister of Kirkpatrick,
Durham. 1. Serms., Lon., 1760-87, 2 vols. 8vo. 2.
Serms., 1780, 8vo. New ed., 1810, 3 vols. 8vo.
"The language is lively and forcible.”—Edin. Chris. Instruc.
Lamont, Mrs. Ænias. Poetry, 1818, Svo.
Lamothe, Charles G. 1. Two Discourses on the
Divinity of our Saviour, Lon., 1693, 4to. 2. The Inspira-
tion of the New Testament Asserted and Explained, Lon.,
1694, 8vo.
"A valuable work on a difficult subject."-BICKERSTETH.
Mr. B. refers to Dick's and Carson's works on the sub-
ject, and commends Gaussen's Theopneustie, the Plenary
Inspiration of the Scriptures, Lon., 1841, 8vo. We concur
with him. See CARSON, ALEXANDER; DICK, Jons, D.D.
Lamotte, Charles. Essay upon Poetry and Paint-
ing, Lon., 1699, 8vo; 1730, 12mo.
Lampard, John. Small-Pox, Lon., 1685, 4to.
Lamplugh, Thomas, d. 1691, aged 76, Bishop of
Exeter, 1676; Archbishop of York, 1688. 1. Serm., Luke
ix. 55, 56, Savoy, 1678, 4to. 2. Fast Serm., Luke xiii. 5,
1678, 4to.
Lamport, Rev. W. Classical Tuition, 1819, 8vo.
Lamport, William. 1. Remarks on Agriculture,
Lon., 1784, 8vo. 2. Influence of Piety:
2. Influence of Piety: Serms., 1787,
12mo.
Lamson, Alvan, D.D., pastor of the First Church
in Dedham, Mass. Serms., Bost., 1857, 12mo.
"Dr. Lamson has succeeded in uniting the acutest moral wisdom
with the most unpretending and childlike modes of exhibiting it.
His style is as clear as crystal, sometimes almost quaint in its sim-
plicity, and not without touches of poetical feeling as well as fancy,
though a calm, shrewd judgment characterizes all his opinions."-
Bost. Christian Register.
Lancaster, Nathaniel, D.D., Rector of Stamford
Rivers, d. 1775, in his seventy-eighth year. 1. Serm.,
1746. 2. Essay on Delicacy, 1748, 8vo. Formerly much
admired. It is in Dodsley's Fugitive Pieces. 3. The Old
Serpent, or Methodism Triumphant; a Poem, 4to. Anon.
See Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Lon. Gent. Mag., liv. 345, 493;
Hull's Select Letters, i. 7, ii. 132.
Lancaster, Robert. Vindicia Evangelicæ, &c.:
being a Reply to S. Geere's Treatise, &c., Lou., 1694, 4to;
1702, 8vo.
Lancaster, T. Siege of Antwerp; trans. from the
Original of Strada, Lon., 1655, Svo.
Lancaster, Thomas. Supper of the Lord, Lon.,
Lancaster, Thomas. Spiritual Baptism; in some
Remarks upon two Discourses by Jas. Rudd, Lon., 1743,
Landford, William. Medical Effects of Wine and
Spirits, &c., Lon., 1790, Svo.
Landmann, Col. George, R.A. 1. Observ. on
Portugal, Lon., 1813, 4to. 2. Recollec. of My Military
1052
LAN
LAN
Com-277; Fraser's Mag., viii. 432; Democrat. Rev., v. 3371
South. Lit. Mess., vii. 537, 637; Phila. Mus., vii. 381,
xi. 37.
"Letitia Elizabeth Landon is, next to Sister Joanna, the most
successful poetess of our day. She is the L. E. L. of many a pretty
poem: nor has she sung only a tender ditty or two and then shut
her lips to listen to the applause they brought; she has written
much,—sometimes loftily, sometimes touchingly, and always flu-
ently and gracefully. She excels in short and neat things; yet
she has poured out her fancy and her feelings through the evolu-
tions of a continuous narrative and intricate story. The flow of
her language is remarkable: her fancy is ever ready, and never
extravagant."-ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog, and Crit. Hist. of the
Lit. of the Last Fifty Years, 1833.
Life, 1852, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 1854, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
mended by the Lon. Athen., 1854, 679-681.
ΟΙ
on
Landmann, George. A Universal Gazetteer,
Geographical Dictionary; founded the works of
Brookes and Walker; new ed,, Lon., 1840, 8vo.
"No less than 1800 new articles have been introduced, and
16,000 alterations have been made.”—Preface.
Landmann, John. 1. Elements of Tactics, Lon.,
1787, 8vo. 2. Field-Engineer's Vade Mecum, 1802, 8vo.
3. System of Fortification, 1807, 8vo. With fol. plates
separate.
Landon, Rev. Edward H. 1. Manual of Councils
of the Holy Catholic Church, Lon., 1846, 12mo. 2. Trans.
from the Portuguese of Father Pereira's Tentativa Theo-
ogica, 1847, 8vo. 3. New Ecclesiastical Dictionary,
12mo: vol. i., 1849, A-Ban; vol. ii., 1855, Ban-Ces. To
be comprised in 6 vols. We pity all dictionary-makers,
and wish them a speedy and happy deliverance from
happy deliverance from
their toils.
·
"Her deficiency alike in judgment and taste made her wayward
and capricious, and her efforts seemed frequently impulsive. Hence
she gave to the public a great deal too much, a large part of her
writings being destitute of that elaboration, care, and finish essen-
tially necessary in the fine arts, even when in combination with
the highest genius, to secure permanent success; for the finest
poetry is that which is suggestive.--the result as much of what has
been studiously withheld as of what has been elaborately given. It
is quite apparent, however, that L.E.L. had opened her eyes to these
her defects, and was rapidly overcoming them; for her very last
things those published in her Remains by Laman Blanchard-
are incomparably her best. whether we regard vigorous conception,
concentration of ideas, or judicious selection of subject. Her faults
originated in an enthusiastic temperament and an efflorescent
fancy, and showed themselves, as might have been expected, in
an uncurbed prodigality of glittering imagery,-her use, un
tamed and untutored, ever darting in dalliance from one object to
another, like the talismanic bird in the Arabian story.”—Moir's
Poet. Sketches of the Past Half-Century, 1851.
"I should say that it is the young and ardent who must always
be the warmest admirers of the larger poems of L. E. L. They are
filled with the faith and the fancies of the young. The very scenery
and ornaments are of that rich and showy kind which belongs to
the youthful taste,-the white rose, the jasmine, the summer gar.
niture of deep grass and glades of greenest foliage, festal gardens
with lamp and bowers, gay cavaliers and jewelled dames, and all
that glitters in young eyes and love-haunted fancies. But, among
these, numbers of her smaller poems from the first dealt with sub
jects and sympathies of a more general kind, and gave glimpses of
a nobility of sentiment, and a bold expression of her feeling of the
unequal lot of humanity, of a far higher character. . . . Her proso
stories have all the leading characteristics of her poetry. Their
theme is love, and their demonstration that all love is fraught with
destruction and desolation. But there are other qualities mani-
fested in the tales. The prose page was for her a wider tablet, on
which she could, with more freedom and ampler display, record
her views of society.”—Howill's Homes and Haunts of the Most
Eminent British Poets, vol. ii.
Landon, James. Serm., Oxf., 1800, 4to.
Landon, John. Theolog. treatises, 1759, '63.
Landon, Letitia Elizabeth, (Mrs. Maclean,)
1802-1838,generally known by her initials,-L.E.L.,-was
a native of Brompton, London, the daughter of an army-
agent, the niece of Dr. Landon. Dean of Exeter, and the
sister of the Rev. Whittington Henry Landon. She com-
menced writing at an early age, and, some of her poetry
meeting with the approval of Mr. Jerdan, editor of the
London Literary Gazette, Miss Landon soon became an
important contributor to its columns, and, indeed, coeditor
of the paper.
On the 7th of June, 1838, her literary
engagements were closed by her marriage to Mr. George
Maclean, Governor of Cape Coast Castle, and she shortly
afterwards sailed for her new home. She survived her
arrival but a few months, her life being suddenly termi-
nated, October 15, 1838, by an accidental over-dose of
prussic acid, which she was in the habit of taking for
hysteric affections and spasms with which she had been
for some time afflicted. This appears to be the true ver-
sion of the story, and there seems to be no necessity, as
we certainly have no space, for the discussion of any other
theory. For further information respecting this popular
author, and critical notices of her writings, the reader is
referred to the authorities subjoined. Miss Landon's
publications were as follows: 1. The Tale of Adelaide,
a Swiss Romantic Tale; and other Poems, 1821, 12mo. 2.
The Improvisatrice, and other Poems, 1824,12mo. 3. The
Troubadour, Catalogue of Pictures, and Historic Sketches,
1825, 12mo. 4. The Golden Violet, and other Poems, 1826,
12mo. 5. The Venetian Bracelet, The Lost Pleiad, A His-
tory of the Lyre, and other Poems, 1829, 12mo. 6. Ethel
Churchill, or The Two Brides; a Novel, 1832, 3 vols. P.
Svo; 1834, 3 vols. p. Svo. 7. Francesca Carrara; a Novel,
1834, 3 vols. p. Svo. S. The Vow of the Peacock, and
other Poems, 1835, 12mo. 9. Romance and Reality; a
Novel, 3 vols. p. Svo; also in 12mo. 10. Traits and Trials
of Early Life, 1846; new ed., 1844, fp. Svo. This par-
takes of the character of an autobiography of the author.
11. Duty and Imagination; a Novel, 1838, 3 vols. p. Svo.
12. Flowers of Loveliness, with Poetical Illustrations,
1838, 4to. After Mrs. Maclean's decease there were pub.
(13) The Zenana, and minor Poems, with a Memoir, (by
Emma Roberts,) 1829, fp. Svo. 14. The Life and Literary
Remains of L. E. L., (by Laman Blanchard,) 1841, 2 vols.
p. Svo; 1855, 2 vols. cr. Svo. These vols. contain a Tra-
gedy, and upwards of one hundred pieces in verse and
prose, all before unpublished. 15. Characteristics of the
Genius and Writings of L. E. L., 1841, p. Svo. 16. Lady
Anne Granard; a Novel, 1842, 3 vols. p. Svo. A new
collective ed. of her Poetical Works was pub. in 1839, 4
vols. fp. Svo; again, 1844, 4 vols. 12mo; 1849, 2 vols.
its subjects: they are unborrowed; and in her least successful
12mo; 1850, 2 vols. 16mo; 1850, 12mo. In addition to
poems-as wholes-there is no dearth of poetry. Her execution
the works already enumerated, Miss Landon wrote many has not the consummate elegance and grace of Felicia Hemans;
fugitive pieces for annuals and periodicals, edited Fisher's
but she is very young, and becoming, every year she lives, moro
Drawing-Room Scrap-Book from 1831 until the year of
mistress of her art,—and has chiefly to learn now how to use her
treasures, which, profuse as she has been, are in abundant store.
her marriage, and also edited the Easter Gift and a num-
And, in good truth, the fair and happy being has a fertile imagina-
ber of other illustrated works. See Nos. 10, 13, 14, and
See Nos. 10, 13, 14, and tion: the soil of her soul, if allowed to lie fallow for one sunny
15, above; also Mrs. Elwood's Literary Ladies of England, summer, would, I predict, yield a still richer and more glorious
ii. 304; Mrs. Thomson's Recollections, ii. 71; Lon. Gent.
harvest. I love Miss Landon; for in her genius does the work of
Mag., 1839, Pt. 1, 150; Madden's Literary Life and Cor-duty: the union of the two is beautiful exceedingly,"—and virtue
is its own reward, far beyond the highest meed of praise ever
resp. of the Countess of Blessington; Howitt's Homes bestowed by critic, though round her fair forehead is already
and Haunts of the Most Eminent British Poets; Dr. R. S. wreathed the immortal laurel.'”—Noctes Ambros., Feb. 1832.
Mackenzie's ed. of Noctes Ambrosianæ, i. 466; his ed. of
Dr. Maginn's Fraserian Papers, lxxx., lxxxiv., lxxxvi.;
Westm. Rev., iii. 537, vii. 50, xvi. 204; Lon. Month. Rev.,
evii. 229, exxi. 159; Blackw., xvi. 189, 237, xviii. 381,
xxi. 645, xxiv. 43, xxv. 380, xxvi. 871, xxvii. 632, xxxi.
xxvii. 632, xxxi.
“NORTH. “So do I; and, being old gentlemen, we may blame-
lessly make the public our confidante. There is a passionate purity
in all her feelings that endears to me both her human and poetical
character. She is a true enthusiast. Her affections overflow the
imagery her fancy lavishes on all the subjects of her song, and
colour it with a rich and tender light which makes even confusion
beautiful, gives a glowing charm even to indistinct conception, and
when the thoughts themselves are full formed and substantial,
which they often are, brings them prominently out upon the eyo
of the soul in flashes that startle us into sudden admiration. The
originality of her genius, methinks, is conspicuous in the choice of
4
"The fashionable as well as the familiar poetry of the present
day sparkles with fanciful yet true descriptions, of which the sub-
jects are, in general, among the most obvious, and yet the least
noticed, circumstances, recurring every day and everywhere. The
brilliant parterres of Miss Landon's enclosure on the south of Par-
nassus, where ideas. like humming-birds. are seen flying about in
tropical sunshine or fluttering over blossoms of all hues and
climes, and the home-meadows of John Clare, the Northampton
shire peasant, whose thoughts, like bees, are ever on the wing in
productive of these curiosities of literature."-James Montgomery's
search of honey from the meanest flower that blows,' are equally
Lects, on General Lit., Pot., dr., Lect. V.
"Not many years before, [the death of Eliot Warburton,] a female
authoress-whose lyre, as melancholy and not less melodious than
that of Sappho, had so deeply moved the British heart-breathed
of L. F. L., of surpassing sweetness and pathos, rivalling those of
her last on the sombre shores of Cape Coast Castle. But the poenis
E.
Mrs. Norton herself in heart-rending sentiment, will long survive
their unhappy author, and speak to the heart of generations to
which her premature fate will be a lasting subject of commisera-
tion." SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON: Hist. of Europe, 1816–1852, chap. v.
TICKLER. I love L. E. L.'
Landon, Whittington, D.D., d. 1839, Provost of
Worcester Coll., Oxf., Dean of Exeter, 1813, Preb. of
Salisbury, 1821, was an uncle of the preceding. 1. Serm.,
1 Cor. iii. 11, Lon., 1812, 8vo. 2. Ten Serms., 1835, Svo
See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1839, Pt. 1, 212.
-1053
LAN
LAN
Landor, E. W. 1. Adventures in the North of
Europe, Lon., 1836, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 2. The Bushman; or,
Life in a New Country, 1847, Svo. 3. Lofoden; or, The
Hills of Norway, 1849, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"One of the most interesting works that has recently been
published."-Lom. O server.
Landor, Robert Eyres. 1. Tragedies, Lon., 1841,
8vo. 2. The Earl of Brecon, Faith's Fraud, and The
Ferryman three Plays, 1841, 8vo. 3. The Fawn of
Sertorius, 1846, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 4. The Fountain of Are-
thusa, 1848, 2 vols. p. Svo. Highly commended by The
Church and State Gazette, The Examiner, The Spectator,
and the John Bull. See also Eclec. Rev., 4th ser., xxv.
318.
Landor, Walter Savage, poet, soldier, philoso-
pher, essayist, and critic, is a son of Walter Landor, Esq.,
and his second wife, Elizabeth Savage, and opened his
eyes, amidst opulence and refinement, at Ipsley Court,
Warwickshire, on the 30th of January, 1775. More than
fourscore years, "rich with the spoils of time," have since
elapsed, but the boy-author of the last century still "lives
a prosperous gentleman," and even to the present day
often charms his sympathizing readers with the same
verbal eloquence and mental ardour which compelled the
reluctant admiration of their more conservative grand-
sires. The youthful warrior who, in 1808, fired with the
love of liberty,
"It had the sublime distinction for some time of having enjoyed
only two readers, which two were Southey and myself.... Not
knowing Southey at that time, I vainly conceited myself to be the
one sole purchaser and reader of this poem. I even fancied myself to
have been pointed out in the streets of Oxford-where the Landors
had been well known in times preceding my own-as the one inex-
plicable man authentically known to possess Gebir, or even (it
might be whispered mysteriously) to have read Gebir. It was not
clear but this reputation might stand in lieu of any independent
fanie, and might raise me to literary distinction."De Quincey's
Notes on Landor: Essays on the Poets, d., Bost., 1853, 247.
(C Wrapp'd his colours round his breast
On the blood-red field of Spain,"
still as "the old man eloquent" pours forth a burning tor-
rent of indignant denunciation at the tyrant who has placed
his foot upon the neck of an outraged and unresisting na-
tion. There are many, however, who share this generous
hatred of oppression, who would be altogether unwilling to
justify the extreme measures for its extirpation which Mr.
Landor does not hesitate warmly to recommend. The sub-
ject of our notice was educated at Rugby School, and at Tri-
nity College, Oxford, was intended for the law, but preferred
the cultivation of letters; on the death of his father he re-
sided for some time on the family estates,-which the in-
gratitude of some of his tenants induced him to sell in 1806;
two years later he joined the Spanish patriots under Blake,
fought against the ambitious Corsican, and received a
colonel's commission in acknowledgment of his services;
in 1815 he reinoved to Italy, where he resided (with the ex-
ception of occasional visits to England) for more than
thirty years; is now, (1857,) and has been for some years
past, living at the town of Bath in England. In 1811
Mr. Landor was married to Julia, daughter of M. J.
Huillier de Malperte, Baron de Nieuveville. He has three
children, and between then he has (Lear-like, but not, we
imagine, with Lear's ill success) shared the principal part
of his once-ample possessions.
Mr. Landor commenced authorship at an early age, and,
as we have already intimated, has not, even at the ripe
age of eighty-two, entirely renounced the use of the gray
goose quill. Twenty years ago, indeed, he that
he would "publish nothing more for the remainder of his
life," (Letter to Countess of Blessington, 1838, &c.;) but
the public generally forget such promises, and in some
cases are glad to see that the promiser is equally obli-
vious. His publications have been as follows: 1. A Col-
lection of Poems, Lon., 1795, Svo. 2. Gebirus; a Poem,
1802, 12mo. This is the author's trans. into Latin from
his English original. Lord Jeffrey declares that the poem
is equally unintelligible in both languages. See Edin.
Rev., xl. 91–92. Gebir certainly did not meet with an
enthusiastic welcome from the public:
Let us hear Southey on the same theme:
"At Bristol I met with the man of all others whom I was most
desirous of meeting,-the only man living of whose praise I was
ambitious or whose censure would have humbled me. You will
be anxious to know who this could be. Savage Landor, the author
of Gebir,-a poem which, unless you have heard me speak of it,
you have probably never heard of at all."-Leller to G. C. Bedford,
Keswick, April 26, 1808: Southey's Life and Corresp.
and Corresp. See our extract from Southey's Letter to
Landor, July 15, 1811, post.
"Walter Savage Landor, the deep-mouthed Boeotian of the entire
of Byron, is known to the lovers of song by his Gebir Count Julian,
--a work less read than it deserves; for it contains passages of
peculiar force and no ordinary_beauty.”—ALLAN CUNNINGHAM :
Biog, and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years, 1838.
Cunningham has not got the title exactly as it should
be: he evidently refers to the republication of 1831: see
No. 3. The inducement for Byron to satirize Landor will
be found in Lady Blessington's Conversations with the
noble poet. His lordship makes a very lame excuse for
his onslaught, and admits that
In a letter to Landor himself, dated April 23, 1809,
Southey gives an amusing account of his laudatory re-
view of Gebir in the Critical Review. See Southey's Life
"he really is a man whose brilliant talents and profound erudition I
cannot help admiring as much as I respect his charactor,—various
proofs of the generosity, manliness, and independence of which
have reached me: so you see I can render justice (en petit comite)
even to a man who says he could not read my works."
The mortal offence is contained in the last line.
3. Count Julian; a Tragedy, 1812
"I am not disappointed in Count Julian: it is too Greek for re-
presentation in these times; but it is altogether worthy of you.
The thought and feeling which you have frequently condensed in
a single line is unlike any thing in modern composition. The con
clusion, too, is Greek. . . . Never was a character more finely con-
ceived than Julian. The image of his seizing the horses is in the
very first rank of sublimity: it is the grandest image of power that
ever poet produced.”—Southey to Landor, Keswick, Feb. 12, 1811.
"I look upon Gebir as I do upon Dante's long poem in the
Italian, not as a good poem, but as containing the finest poetry
in the language: so it is with Count Julian, and so, no doubt, it
was with the play which you have so provokingly destroyed.”—
Southey to Landor, London, July 15, 1811: ubi supra.
Southey does not mince matters; but that he was quite
sincere appears from a letter a few weeks later to Sir
Walter Scott:
"I have a tragedy of Landor's in my desk, of which Count Julian
is the hero: it contains some of the finest touches both of passion
and poetry that I have ever seen.”—Keswick, Sept. 8, 1811: ubi
supra.
A short review of Julian, by the same ardent admirer,
will be found in the London Quarterly Review, viii. 86-
92. In 1831, Svo, appeared a new ed. of Gebir and Count
Julian, with other Poems, printed for the benefit of Grace
Darling. See Lon. Quar. Rev., lviii. 108; Lon. Monthly
Review, exxv. 217. 4. Idyllica Heroica, Pisa, 1820, 4to.
See Lon. Quar. Rev., lviii. 198; Lon. Monthly Rev., xev.
461. 5. Latin Poems, Lon., 24mo. See Fraser's Mag.,
xxxvii. 519. 6. Imaginary Conversations of Literary
Men and Statesmen, 1824, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1826, 3
vols. Svo. Second Series, 1829, 2 vols. 8vo. Repub. with
addits. in the collective eds. of his works, 1846, 2 vols.
med. 8vo; 1854, r. Svo. .7 Imaginary Conversations of
Greeks and Romans; new ed., 1853, 8vo. The author
was not the coldest admirer of his own performances:
"My four vols.," he remarks, "contain more than seventy dia-
logues: let the sturdiest of the connexion [some of the critics] take
the ten worst, and if he equals them in ten years I will give him a
hot wheaten roll and a pint of brown stout for breakfast."
the author's works in 1846 and '54, amount to one hundred
The dialogues, as they appear in the collective eds. of
and twenty-five, and many of those formerly printed have
been modified and enlarged. The Imaginary Conversations
have received a large share both of praise and censure,
and are thought to display great inequality. The London
Quarterly Reviewer, referring to Mr. Landor's challenge,
seems to think that it would be hopeless for almost any
writer to attempt to rival the best, but continues:
pudence of another description,-a brazen front, the exaggeration
"To attempt a rivalry with the ten worst would require an im-
of caricature, and wit bordering on buffoonery."-Lon. Quur. Rev.,
Iviii. 108.
Lord Jeffrey's notice of the first vol. does not commence
in the most complimentary manner possible:
"This work is as remarkable an instance as we have lately met
with of the strength and weakness of the human intellect. It dis-
plays considerable originality, learning, acuteness, terseness of
style, and force of invective; but it is spoiled and rendered abortive
throughout by an utter want of temper, of self-knowledge and
decorum.”—Edin. Rev., xl. 67, 92, q. v.
The best description that we have seen of the Imaginary
Conversations occurs in the periodical from which we
have just quoted, in a review of the collective eds. of
Landor's Works, 1846, 2 vols. med. Svo. After specify-
ing certain faults with which the critic thinks them justly
chargeable, he proceeds:
"But, these drawbacks stated, how little in reality do they affect
the great bulk of these Conversations! What a weighty book they
make! How rich in scholarship! how correct, concise, and pure
in style! how full of imagination, wit. and humour! how well
informed, how bold in speculation, how various in interest, how
universal in sympathy! In these hundred and twenty-five dia.
|
logues-making allowance for every shortcoming or excess-the
most familiar and the most august shapes of the past are reani-
mated with vigour, grace, and beauty. Its long-dead ashes re
kindle suddenly their wonted fires, and again shoot up into
1054
LAN
LAN
wurmth and brightness. Large utterances,' musical and varied
voices, 'thoughts that breathe' for the world's advancement, 'words
that burn' against the world's oppression, sound on throughout
these lofty and earnest pages We are in the high and goodly
company of wits and men of letters; of churchmen, lawyers, and
statesmen of party-men, soldiers, and kings; of the most tender.
delicate, and noble women; and of figures that seem this instant
to have left for us the Agora or the schools of Athens, the Forum
or the Senate of Rome. At one moment we have politicians dis-
cussing the deepest questions of state; at another, philosophers
still more largely philosophizing.-poets talking of poetry, men of
the world of worldly matters, Italians and French of their respec-miner.
tive Literatures and Manners.”—lxxxiii. 489.
"His Imaginary Conversations is the work on which his fame-
a worthy and well-earned fame-will rest. From his great expe-
rience of men of various nations, and his familiar acquaintance
with both ancient and modern literature, he has been enabled to
introduce the greatest variety of characters and topics, and to
make the dialogues a perfect treasury of the broadest and most
elevated axioms of practical wisdom."-Howitt's Homes and Iaunts
of the Most Eminent British Ports.
"A work generally and justly admired for the originality of
thought, the depth of reflection, and the free and fearless spirit of
inquiry which it exhibits, and for the style-always animated and
ever powerful-in which it is, written."-Dr. Parr: Fulď's Life,
ii. 140.
"The bookseller sent me the first volume of your unpublished
series. Some things in it I wished away; with very many more,
you know truly, I must be delighted. Lucullus and Cæsar espe-
cially pleased me, as one of the most delightful of these conversa-
tions throughout.”—Southey to Landor, April 14, 1829: Southey's
Life and Corresp. See also Southey's Letter to
Oct. 1829:
ubi supra.
"It is much superior in execution to the well-known Dialogues
of the Dead by Lyttelton.”—Goodhugh's E. G. Lib. Man., 100.
"In our own time, Walter Savage Landor has adopted and im-
proved upon the model of Lyttelton, and when his heroes talk they
are certain to say something new."-Lawrence's Lives of the Bri-
tish Historians: Life of Lord Lyttelton.
"Mr. Landor has shown by this work that he possesses much
intellectual acuteness, great clearness and vigour of understanding,
and a considerable knowledge of the natural springs and move-
ments of the human heart. We conceive this work to include a
greater proportion of profound and original thinking, of moral and
political wisdom, of elegant scholarship, of acute criticism, and of
eloquent, poetical, and just expositions and enforcements of all
these, than will be found in the same number of consecutive pages
in any other work of the day."-Lon. New Monthly Mag.
See also Lon. Quar. Rev., xxx. 508; Westm. Rev., i.
431; Brit. and For. Rev., vii. 501; Lon. Month. Rev.,
civ. 113, exvi. 218; Blackw. Mag., xv. 457, 561, lii. 687,
liii. 62, 209, 338, 518; N. York Eclec. Mus., ii. 311.
8. Pericles and Aspasia, 1836, 2 vols. 12mo.
"There is another characteristic of Landor's writings, which I
mention the more distinctly from the fact that it seems not to
have much attracted the admiration even of his admirers,—and
that is the depth and tenderness of feeling which they breathe.
Pericles and Aspasia, especially, is full of the sweetest and truest
expressions of sensibility; and so are many of the dialogues. We
are frequently forced to drop the book and surrender ourselves to
the visions and memories, soft or sad. which his words awaken
and cause to pass before the mind.”-GEORGE STILLMAN HILLARD:
Preface to his Selections from the Writings of Walter Savage Lan-
dor. Bost., 1856, 18mo.
|
Read the whole of this Preface. See Hullard, GeorGE
STILLMAN, No. 11. See also Lon. Quar. Rev., lviii. 108;
Brit. and For. Rev., v. 33; Blackw. Mag., xli. 289, 493.
9. Letters of a Conservative, in which are shown the
only means of saving what is left of the English Church,
1836, Svo. 10. A Satire upon Satirists, and Admonition to
Detractors, 1837, p. Svo.
"The author, by a strange principle of calculation, seems to
reckon upon its very poverty of merit as a passport at least to its
circulation. It is only our intimate friends,' says the preface,
'who like us best when we write well; the greater part of readers
are complacent at imagining their superiority as they discover our
aberrations. The greater part of readers care for little else than
to be pleased with what they read: but. if there are others of an
opposite temper, it cannot be denied that Mr. Landor has here
written with sufficient mediocrity to secure their attention.”—Lon.
Quar. Rev., Iviii. 147, n.
11. Citation and Examination of Shakspeare for Deer
Stealing, p. 8vo. 12. The Pentameron and Pentalogue,
1837, Svo. See Lon. Quar. Rev., lxiv. 396. 13. Andrea
of Hungary, and Giovanni of Naples; Dramas, 1839, Svo.
14. The Hellenics Enlarged and Completed, 1847, 12mo.
“The difficulty in selecting from his works is the abundance;
but I prefer the Hellenics, that charming volunie, because few,
very few, have given such present life to classic subjects. I begin
with the Preface, so full of grace and modesty.”—Miss Mitjord's
Recollections of a Literary Life.
See also Edin. Rev., xci. 408; Fraser's Mag., xxxvii.
519. 15. Poemata et Inscriptiones; new enlarged ed. See
Edin. Rev., xci. 408. 16. Imaginary Conversation of
King Carlo Alberto and the Duchess Belgioioso on the
Affairs and Prospects of Italy, 1848. 17. Popery, British
and Foreign, 1851, p. Svo. 18. Letters of an American,
1854, 12mo. Pub. under the name of Pottinger. 19. Last
Fruit off an 011 Tree, 1854, p. Svo. See Blackw. Mag.,
vol. lxxv. The collective ed. of Mr. Landor's Works, al-
Mr.
ready referred to by us, pub. 1846, 2 vols. med. 8vo, (1853,
and Examination of Shakspeare for Deer Stealing; The
1 vol. r. 8vo,) contains Imaginary Conversations; Citation
Pentameron; Pericles and Aspasia; Minor Prose Pieces;
Poems,-Hellenics; Gebir; Acts and Scenes; Miscellane-
ous Poems. Many of the pieces formerly printed are
enlarged, &c., and some new ones are introduced.
Landor has contributed to a number of the periodicals of
the day, and still occasionally corresponds with The Exa-
In addition to the references noticed above, see
Madden's Literary Life and Correspondence of the
Countess of Blessington; Horne's New Spirit of the Age;
Gilfillan's First Gallery of Literary Portraits; The Works
of Charles Lamb; Emerson's English
Emerson's English Traits; Moir's
Sketches of the Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-Century; Ecler.
Rev., 4th ser., xxi. 425, xxv. 318; N. Brit. Rev., vi. 29;
Lon. Month. Rev., cxxv. 217; Blackw. Mag., xiv. 99, sv.
703, xl. 309, xlii. 317; Fraser's Mag., iii. 736, xlii. 647,
xliii. 59; Mass. Quar. Rev., ii. 63; Bost. Universal Quar-
terly, vi. 238; N. York Eclec. Mag., viii. 145.
Miss Mitford perhaps asserts more than we should find
it convenient to prove, when, in her chapter on "Poetry
that Poets Love," she declares,
"To no one can the words that I have placed at the head of this
paper apply more properly than to Mr. Landor. No poetry was
ever dearer to poets than his. Nearly fifty years ago we find
Southey writing of and to the author of Gebir with a respectful
admiration seldom felt by one young man for another; and, from
that hour to the present, all whom he would himself most wish to
please have showered upon him praises that cannot die.”—Re-
collections of a Literary Life.
A very acute critic remarks that,
With many high excellencies, Landor's poetry must ever re
main a scaled book to the multitude; for whoever prefers to the
obviously sublime, beautiful, and true. the grotesque, the visionary,
and the involved, must be admired by the capricious select who
can alone relish such clements in composition. ... The style,
tone, idiom, and manner of Landor are all quite un-English. He
never acquired the Saxon geniality of his mother-tongue; and his
Gebir. Count Julian, and many of his other poems read exactly
like translations closely rendered.”—Moir's Sketches of the Poit.
Lit. of the Past Half-Century.
Southey, however, declares that
"Landor always paints with the finest touch of truth, whether
he is describing external or internal nature.”—Life and Corre-
spondence,
"The poetry of Savage Landor has not been so much read as
his prose. His Imaginary Conversations have eclipsed his verse.
Yet there is great vigour, much satire, and much tender feeling in
his poems, which should render them acceptable to all lovers of
manly feeling.”—Howitt's Homes, dr. of the Puets.
That Landor is not a popular author, either in poetry
or prose, it requires no argument to demonstrate; that be
will always maintain a high rank as an English classic we
can entertain no doubt.
"Landor," says an American traveller, "is strangely under-
valued in England, usually ignored, and sometimes savagely
attacked in the Reviews. The criticism may be right or wrong,
and is quickly forgotten; but year after year the scholar must go
back to Landor for a multitude of elegant sentences,-for wisdom,
wit, and indignation that are unforgettable."-Emerson's English
Traits.
|
"Had Mr. Landor, therefore, been read in any extent answering
to his merits, he must have become, for the English public, an
object of prodigious personal interest. We should have had novels
upon him, lampoons upon him, libels upon him; he would have
been shown up dramatically upon the stage; he would, according
to the old joke, have been traduced' in French, and also 'overset'
in Dutch. Meantime, he has not been read. It would be an affecta-
tion to think it.”—De Quincey's Notes on Landor, Bost., 1853, 245.
The personal manners of Mr. Landor have been more
than once described: Mr. Emerson, in the work from
which we have just quoted, dwells on them at some
length; and the portrait which the Countess of Blessing-
ton has given us presents an agreeable picture of the Be.
former in his "bours of ease. Of him, as of his Scotch
predecessor in reformation-though in a different field –
it may be truly said "he never feared the face of man;
and it would appear from his gallant bearing at the even-
ing conversazione, after a day of literary toil in the
library, that the face of woman (especially such as that
of our fair informant) possesses as few terrors.
"I had learned from his works," remarks her ladyship, after
meeting Landor at Florence in May, 1825, "to form a high opinion
of the man as well as the author. But I was not prepared to find
in him the courtly, polished gentleman of high breeding, of man-
ners, deportment, and demeanour that one might expect to meet
with in one who had passed the greater part of his life in courts.
There is no affectation of politeness, no finikin affability in his
urbanity, no far-fetched complimentary hyperbolical strain of eulogy
in the agrémens of his conversation with women and the pleasing
things he says to those whom he cares to please,”
It will doubtless surprise many worthy conservatives,
who consider Landor the implacable enemy of all that they
hold most dear in long and fondly cherished theories, to
see their foe thus strangely translated from the department
,,
1055
LAN
LAN
Fera Nature to that of Manui Assueta! Of her lady-
ship's sincerity in this zoological heresy there can be no
question, for her biographer tells us,
"Of all the literary men with whom Lady Blessington came in
contact and they certainly were not few or undistinguished-at
home and abroad, the person whom she looked on with most re-
spect, honour and affectionate regard. was Walter Savage Landór."
-Maaden's Literary Life and Corresp. of the Countess of Bles-
sington.
Also highly commended by the Lon. Quar. Rev., lixa
165; the Lon. Lit. Gaz.; and by the Rev. John Foster in
Eclec. Rev., 4th ser., ii. 345, reprinted in Foster's Critical
Essays, Lon., 1856, ii. 4S3. The reader should have, as
companions to the preceding work, Mrs. Poole's (Mr.
Lane's sister) Englishwoman in Egypt; new ed., 1844-
48, 3 vols. 18mo; and Sir J. G. Wilkinson's works on the
Ancient Egyptians and on the Modern Egyptians. 2. A
new trans. of the Arabian Nights Entertainments, 1841,
3 vols. r. Svo; 2d ed., 1847, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1819; last ed.,
1853, r. Svo. Commended in the Athenæum, &c. See
FORSTER, REV. EDWARD. 3. Arabian Tales and Anec-
dotes, 1845, 18mo; 2d ed., 1854, 12mo. 4. Selections
from the Kur-án, 1843, Svo. Commended by the Lou.
Athenæum and The Metropolitan.
Landreth, David, of Philadelphia. See JOHNSON,
GEORGE WILLIAM.
|
|
Landsborough, David, D.D., 1782-1854, an emi-
nent naturalist, a native of Dalry, Galloway, was pastor
of the parish of Stevenson, 1811-43, and of a Free-
Church congregation at Saltcoats, 1843-54. 1. Arran,
a Poem. 2. Excursions to Arran, 1 and 2. Pub. in 1 vol.,
1847, fp. 8vo. 3. Ayrshire Sketches, originally contributed
to the Scottish Christian Herald. 4. Popular British Sea-
Weeds; comprising all the Marine Plants, sq. 12mo,
1849; 2d ed., 1851. With twenty-two Plates by Fitch.
Highly commended by The Economist, The Sun, The Globe,
and the Liverpool Standard. 5. Popular British Zoophytes,
1853, sq. 12mo. With twenty plates by Fitch.
|
Lane, John. 1. Elegie on Q. Elizabeth, 1603, 4to.
2. Alarm to the Poets, 1648, 4to. 3. Supp. to Chaucer's
Squire's Tale. Lane was a poet of some note temp. Eliza-
beth.
beth. See Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet. Anglic., 318.
Lane, John. Public Accounts, 1785-87, 8 vols. 4to.
Lane, John. Education, Lon., 1795, Svo.
Lane, John.
Lane, John
Lux, 1662.
"With this manual of Zoophytes, and that upon Sea-weeds by
the same author, the student can ramble along the sea-shores, and
glean knowledge from every heap of tangled weed that lies in his
pathway."-Liverpool Standard.
Dr. L. was a large contributor to Dr. Harvey's Phyco-
Jogia Britannica, and pub. papers in the Annals and Mag.
of Nat. Hist. and The Zoologist. See Scottish Guardian;
Lon. Gent. Mag., Oct. 1854, 402; Thomas Bell, Esq.'s
Address before the Linnean Society, &c., May 24, 1855,
1855, 45.
Landseer, Sir Edwin, the celebrated painter of
animals, the son of John Landseer, (post,) was born in
1803, and knighted in 1850. Of his etchings we notice: 1.
the seventeen beautiful plates of which one hundred copies
were taken off at £6 68., 1848, Lon., atlas fol.
These com-
prise the Return from Deer-Stalking, Landscapes, the
Sweeps, Traveller's Rest, Mountain Torrent, Four Dogs'
Heads, the Donkeys, the Eagle and Dead Stag, Highland
Shepherd's Dog, &c. 2. Etchings of Carnivorous Animals,
comprising thirty-eight subjects, 1853, r. 4to. Edited by
Thomas and John Landseer. See a biographical notice
of Sir Edwin Landseer in the Men of the Time, Lon.,
1856.
"It may safely be said that in the representation of animals
Landseer is unrivalled. In truth, he has opened an entire new
mine of surpassing richness in this branch of art."-SIR ARCHIBALD
ALISON: Hist. of Europe, 1315–1852, chap. V., J. v.
Landseer, John, 1761-1852, a native of Lincoln, an
eminent engraver, father of the preceding and of Charles
and Thomas Landseer. 1. Twenty Views in the South of
Scotland. 2. Lects. on the Art of Engraving, Lon., 1807,
8vo. 3. Letter on Engraving, 1810, Svo. 4. Second and
Third Letter on Engraving, 1810, 8vo. 5. Antiquities of
Dacca, 1816, fol.; 1827, imp. 4to. 6. Sabæan Researches,
1823, 4to.
“Mr. Landseer has evinced great research and ingenuity in the
composition of this work, and we trust its merit will not be over-
looked by the public.”—Lon. New Monthly Mag.
7. Descrip., Explan. and Crit. Catalogue of five of the
Earliest Pictures in the National Gallery, 1834, 8vo. In
the recent controversy respecting the National Gallery,
the above was designated as "an excellent work,-quite
a classic in its way. Mr. L. also edited two short-lived
Reviews of the Fine Arts, and contributed to the Transac-
tions of the Society of Antiquaries in 1817. See Lon.
Gent. Mag., May, 1852, 524.
""
Landseer, Thomas, son of the preceding. 1.
Twenty Engravings of Lions, Tigers, Panthers, and
Panthers, and ¦
Leopards, Lon., 1823, 4to.
Lon., 1823, 4to. 2. Monkeyiania; or, Men in
Miniature, 1827, imp. 4to. See LANDSEER, SIR EDWIN,
No. 2.
Lane. An Electrometer, &c.; Phil. Trans., 1767, '69. |
Lane, A. 1. Method of attaining the Latin Tongue,
Lon., 1695, 8vo. 2. Key to the Art of Letters, 1700, Svo.
Lane, Bartholomew. Prerogatives of the Monarchs
of G. Britain Asserted, Lon., 1684, 8vo.
Lane, Edward. An Image of our Reforming
Times; or, Jehu in his Proper Colours, Lon., 1654, 4to.
Lane, Edward William, b. at the beginning of
the nineteenth century, has resided for many years in
Egypt, devoting much of his time to the preparation of
an Arabic Lexicon and Thesaurus, which he is now
getting ready for the press in London. 1. Manners and
Customs of the Modern Egyptians, Lon., 1836, 2 vols.
12mo; 5th ed., 1848, 2 vols. 12mo.
"Nothing can be more accurate than Mr. Lane's descriptions."—
ROBERTS.
English Farriery, Lon., 1800, Svo.
Vincent, a Franciscan friar. Fiat
Lane, Sir Richard, d. 1650 or 1651, Lord Chief-
Baron of the Exchequer, 1645. Reports in the Ct. of
Exchequer, 3 Jac. I.-10 Jac. I., 1605-1612, Lon., 1657,
fol. See Athen. Oxon.; Clarendon's Hist. of the Rebel-
lion; Peck's Desiderata; Lloyd's Memoirs, foi., p. 594;
Lord Campbell's Lives of the Lord-Chancellors; Wallace's
Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 173-175.
Lane, Richard J. Life at the Water- Cure;' or, a
Month at Malvern, Lon., 1846, p. 8vo; 2d ed., with Sequel
by Sir E. B. Lytton, 1851, 18mo; 3d ed., 1856, cr. Svo. Com-
mended by The Spectator, the Art Union, and the John
Bull. Mr. Lane ascribes his restored health to the month
at Malvern.
Lane, Samuel. Short-Writing, 1716.
Inn, Lon., 1801, 8vo; 4th ed., 1823, Svo.
Lane, Thomas. Student's Guide through Lincoln's
Lane, Timothy. Medical and other papers in Phil.
Trans., 1791; Med. Com., 1788; Mem. Med., 1792.
Character of Rev. M. Eyster, pp. 24.
Lane, W. C., M.D., of Greensburg, Penna. Life and
Lane, William. Poems, 1794, Svo.
Lane, William. Living Artists, 1809, Svo.
Laneham, Robert. Letter describing the Pageants
before Q. Elizabeth of Kenilworth, Lon., 1575, 16mo;
1784, Svo; 1821, p. 8vo; 1825, p. 8vo; Balt., 1822, 12mo.
And in vol. i. of Nichols's Progress of Q. Elizabeth.
"A very diverting tract, written by as great a coxcomb as ever
blotted paper."-SIR WALTER SCOTT.
"Written in a most uncouth style, by a pedantic coxcomb, under
an affectation of humour."-GIFFORD.
See also Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors, ed. Lon., 1840,
311. Langham gives an amusing account of Captain Cox's
library. See HALLIWELL, JAMES ORCHARD, No. 1.
"This Captain Cox, by St. Mary,
Hath a goodly library."-BEN JONSON.
Laney, Benjamin, D.D., d. about 1675, Bishop of
Peterborough, 1650; trans. to Lincoln, 1663, and to Ely,
1667. Serms., 1662–75.
"A very learned divine, and of great acumen."-DR. WATER:
LAND.
Lanfranc, 1005?-1089, a native of Pavia, Italy,
studied rhetoric and civil law at Bologna, opened a school
at Ayranches, in France, and subsequently at the Abbey
of Bec, of which he had become a monk in 1041, and prior
in 1044; abbot of the new monastery of St. Stephen, at
Caen, 1062; Archbishop of Canterbury, 1070. His schools
were crowded with illustrious scholars, and the fame
of his genius and erudition was sounded throughout
Europe. His works-which consist of commentaries on
St. Paul's Epistles and on the Psalms, sermons, letters, a
treatise on confession, and a celebrated treatise on the
Eucharist, against Béranger-were pub. collectively by
Lucas D'Achery, Paris, 1648, fol.; at Venet., 1745, fol.;
and recently by J. A. Giles, LL.D., Oxon., 1814, 2 vols.
fol. For eds. of some of his treatises and a more particu-
lar account of his life, see Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit. See
also Tanner's Bibl.; Dupin; Moreri; Henry's Hist. of
G. Brit. Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, i.
13, n., 71, 72, 95.
"Fuit quidam, vir magnus Italia oriundus, quem Latinitas in
antiquum scientiæ statum ab eo restituta tota supremum debito
cum amore et honore agnoscit magistrum, nomine Lanfrancus."
MILO CRISPINUS, Abbot of Westminster: Vita Lanfr.
"Is literatura perinsignis liberales artes quæ jamdudum sorduc
rant. a Latio in Gallias vocans acumine suo expolivit."-WILLIAM
OF MALMESBURY: De Gest. Pontif., lib. i. p. 205, et seq.
1056
LAN
LAN
•
Lang, John Dunmore, D.D., Principal of the
Australian College. 1. Transportation and Colonization,
Lon., 12mo. 2. View of the Origin and Migrations of the
Polynesian Nation, 1834, p. 8vo. The peopling of the
American continent is here discussed. 3. Hist. of New
South Wales; 3d ed., 1853, 2 vols. p. 8vo. 4. New Zea-
land in 1839, 8vo; 1840. 5. Religion and Education in
America, 1840, 12mo. Highly commended. 6. Phillips-
land: its Condition and Prospects, 1847, 12mo. 7. Ac-
count of Cooksland, Australia, 1847, 12mo. 8. Australian
Emigrant's Manual, 1853, 12mno. 9. Freedom and Inde-
pendence for the Golden Lands of Australia, 1853, p. Svo.
Langbaine, Gerard, D.D., 1608-1657, Fellow of
Queen's Coll., Oxf., pub. an ed. of Longinus, Oxf.,
1636, 38, Svo; Traj. ad Rh., 1694; some works upon the
Liturgy, the Univ. of Oxford, &c., and left some valuable
MSS. which have been used by succeeding writers.
Athen. Oxon; Genl. Dict.; Lloyd's Memoirs; Usher's Life
See
and Letters.
?
I
Langbaine, Thomas. Rates; 3d ed., 1718, 12mo.
Langdale, Allan. Confutatio N. Ridlæi Deter-
minationis de Eucharista, Paris, 1556, 4to.
Langdale, Hon. Charles. Memoirs of Mrs. Fitz-
herbert, Lon., 1856.
D ·
“Mr. Hardy has made an acceptable contribution to the History
of England. His volume will neither raise nor depress Mrs.
Fitzherbert in the judgment and estimation of the public."-Lon.
Athenæum, 1856, 288–292.
"She was undoubtedly an amiable and excellent woman."—
Edin Rev., April, 1856.
I angbaine, Gerard, 1656-1692, son of the pre-
ced.ag, is well known as the author of a work entitled (in
its complete shape) An Account of the English Dramatic
Poets, &c., Oxf., 1691, Svo. An abstract, with a continua-
tion, was pub. by Gildon in 1699, 8vo, and in 1719 by
Giles Jacob. Langbaine first called his book Momus
Triumphans, 1688, 4to; then A New Catalogue of English
Plays, 1688, 4to. The copy of his work, with Oldys's MS.
notes, now in the British Museum, is sometimes referred
to by writers. See Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Dramat.; War-
ton's Hist. of Eng. Poet.; Brydges's Phillips's Theat.
Poet. Anglic., lxxiv., lxxvi.; Lon. Gent. Mag., lxxvi.
37. Langbaine's Account bears a high character for ac-
curacy, but his criticisms have been ridiculed. He tells
us that he had in his library above 980 English plays and
masques, besides several drolls and interludes.
Mr. Langdale disproves the reflections cast upon Mrs.
Fitzherbert's character by Lord Holland, in his Memoirs.
The state of the case respecting Mrs. Fitzherbert and the
Prince of Wales was briefly this: in the sight of God and
by the judgment of the Church of Rome declared
the Pope) they were man and wife; in the sight of the
laws of England the marriage was a nullity. Of the un-
impeachable, immaculate, and truly exemplary character
of Mrs. Fitzherbert's husband" (as Caroline of Bruns-
wick styled The First Gentleman of England) we shall
not permit ourselves to speak. Nor does it become the
character of our book: the Prince of Wales has no claims.
as an author, excepting, indeed, the authorship of pro-
fligacy, misery, and vice to the unhappy beings who fell
within the circle of his deleterious influence.
Langdale, Sir Marmaduke. 1. Late Fight at
Preston, 1618, 4to. 2. Relieving the Officers, &c. in Col-
Langdale, Thomas.
chester, 1648, 4to. 3. His Declaration, 1648, 4to.
Topographical Dictionary
of Yorkshire, Northaller., 1809, '10, '13, Svo.
Langdale, W. B. Ten Thousand Things relating
to China, Lon., 1843, 8vo. Printed at the Chinese Col-
lection.
Langdon, Mary. Ida May; a Story of Things
Actual and Possible, Bost., 1854, 12mo. This work re-
lates chiefly to slavery in America.
Langdon, Samuel, D.D., d. 1797, aged 74, a native
of Boston, graduated at Harwood College, 1740, President
of the College, 1774-80, pub. a number of serms. and
thoplog. treatises, 1756-94. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.,
and authorities there cited.
Langdon, Thomas. Serms., 1795-1804.
Langdon, William, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1794, 4to.
Langeland, Langland, or Longland, John,
1473-1547, Fellow of Magdalene Coll., Oxf., Principal of
Magdalene Hall, 1506-07, Bishop of Lincoln, 1520, pub. a
number of serms. and theolog. treatises, 1517-31. See
Athen. Oxon.; Wood's Annals; Dodd's Ch. Hist.; War-
ton's Hist. of Eng. Poet.; Willis's Cathedrals; Peck's
Desiderata.
was a Fellow of Oriel Coll., Oxf. He is the reputed author
of a satire upon Church and State, (supposed to have been
completed about 1369,) entitled the Vision and the Creed
of Piers Ploughman. Of this alliterative poem, the three
first eds. were printed in 1550, and a number since; the
last one-pub. 1842, 2 vols. 12mo, 500 copies printed-was
edited by the learned antiquary Thomas Wright. To the
notes of this ed., the ed. of T. D. Whitaker, (1813, 4to,) the
earlier impressions, and the authorities subjoined, we refer
the curious reader. Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poet.; Percy's
Reliques; Ellis's Specimens; Brydges's Phillips's Theat.
Poet. Anglic., 4; Cooper's Muses' Library: Lowndes's
Bibl. Man., 1467; Introduction to this Dictionary, p. 21.
"The general object of this work is to expose, in allegory, the
existing abuses of society, and to inculcate the public and private
duties both of the laity and clergy."-CAMPBELL.
Langeland, Langland, or Longland, Robert,
one of the first disciples of Wickliff, and a secular priest,
Mr. Wright includes in his ed. The Crede of Piers
Ploughman, which is very rarely found in early editions.
Langen, James. Dialogues in Russian, &c., 1809.
Langford, Charles. God's Mercy, Lon., 1672, 12mo
Langford, E. Objections to the Critical Notes on
some Passages of Scripture, Lon., 1747, 8vo.
Langford, George. 1. Serm., Lon., 1621, 4to. 2.
Search the Scriptures, 1623, 4to.
Langford, John. Refutation of the Pamphlet en
titled Babylon's Fall in Maryland, Lon., 1655, 4to.
Langford, John. Serms., &c., 1760, '66, '68, all 8vo.
Langford, John Alfred. Religious Scepticism and
Infidelity: their History, Cause, Cure, and Mission, Lon.,
1850, p. 8vo.
"Commending the ability displayed in the author's researches."
-Lim. Athenæum.
Langford, R. Mercantile works, 1809, '13.
Langford, T. Agricultural works, Lon., 1681-95.
See Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Langford, William, D.D. Serms., &c., Lon., 1737-
1801. See Rev. Sydney Sinith's Essays, Lon., 1854, i. 25.
A collective ed. of Dr. L.'s Discourses, &c. was pub. 1824,
8vo.
Langham, Thomas. Mercantile works, 1710-54.
Langham, William, M.D. Garden of Health,
Lon., 1579, 1633, 4to.
Langhorn. See LANGHORNE.
Langhorne, General. Political tracts, 1644. '45.
Langhorne, Daniel, d. 1681. 1. Elenchus Anti-
quitatum, Lon., 1673, Svo; with Append., 1764, Svo. 2.
Introduc. to Hist. of England, 1676, Svo. 3. Chronicum
Regum Anglorum ab Hengisto ad Heptarchiæ Finem,
1679, Svo. See Masters's Hist. of C. C. C. C.; Bohun's
addits. to Wheare's Method of Reading Histories, p. 134.
Langhorne, Rev. John, 1735-1779, a native of
Kirby Stephen, is now best known as the translator (in
conjunction with his brother William) of Plutarch's Lives,
He also pub. a number of poetical
1770, 6 vols. 8vo.
pieces, of which a collective ed. was pub. by his son, with
a Memoir, 1802, 2 vols. 8vo; and some prose works, of
which the most popular were The Letters of Theodosius
and Constantia, 1763, Svo; 1764, 12mo; 1782, 2 vols. 8vo.
His poem of The Country Justice has been greatly ad-
mired. A vol. of his serms. was pub. in 1815, Svo. See
Johnson and Chaliners's English Poets, 1810; Chalmers'
Langbaine's
Biog. Dict.; Southey's Life and Corresp.
Plutarch still maintains its reputation. The last ed. was
C.
pub. by H. G. Bohn, 1851, 2 vols. 8vo, and Mr. Tegg pub.
Wrangham's and Langhorne's Plutarch in 1851, Svo.
Cox pub. in 1844-45, 5 vols. 18mo, Plutarch's Lives, selected
and trans. by Prof. George Long. Beza, when asked what
author he would wish to save in a general wreck of litera-
ture, replied, "Plutarch."
"When I write, I care not to have books about me; but I can
hardly be without a Plutarch."-MONTAIGNE.
**
"If all the books in the world were in the fire, there is not one
I would so eagerly snatch from the flames as Plutarch. That
author never tires me: I read him often, and always find new
beauties.”—MENAGE.
"If you desire your son, though no great scholar, to read and
reflect, it is your duty to place in his hands the best translations
of the best classical authors.”—DR. Parr.
Langhorne, John, D.D. 1. Serms., 1773, 2 vols.
12mo. 2. Serm., 1777, 4to.
Langhorne, Launcelot. Serm., 1611, Svo.
Langhorne, Richard. 1. Memoirs, &c., Lon., 1679.
2. Of the King's Right in dispensing with the Penal Laws,
1687, fol.
Langhorne, William, 1721-1772, Rector of Ha-
kinge. Perpetual Curate of Folkestone, brother of John
Langhorne, and his colleague in the trans. of Plutarch's
Lives, pub. Job, a Poem, Lon., 1759, 4to, a Poetical Para
phrase on Part of Isaiah, and Serms., 1773, 2 vols. 12m;
2d ed., 1778, 2 vols. 12mo.
67
1057
LAN
LAN
}
Langland. See LANGELAND.
Langle, Samuėl de, D.D., d. 1699, Preb. of West-
minster, wrote a Letter on the Differences between the
Church of England and the Dissenters, which was pub.
by Stillingfleet.
Langley, Capt. His Victory, Lon,, 1643, 4to.
Langley, Batty, d. 1751, pub. several works on
architecture, horticulture, and masonry, Lon., 1726–56.
Langley, Gilbert. Life and Adventures, 1740.
Langley, Henry. On Prayer, 1616, Svo.
Langley, John. Serm., 1644, 4to.
Langley, L. Educational works, Lon.. 1844, &c.
Langley, Samuel. Suspension Reviewed, Cleared,
and Settled upon Scripture, &c., Lon., 1658, Svo.
Langley, Samuel, D.D. The Iliad of Homer trans.
from the Greek into Blank Verse, Lon., 1767, 4to.
Langley, Thomas. Abridgement of the Notable
Woorke of Polidore Virgile, Lon., 1546, '51, Svo.
Langley, Thomas. Almanack, Lon., 1643, 12mo.
Langley, Thomas, d. 1801, aged 32. The Hist. and
The Hist. and
Antiq. of Desborough, &c., Lon., 1797, 4to.
Langley, William. Political tracts, 1656, '60.
Langrish, Browne, M.D., d. 1750, pub. several
medical works, Lon., 1733-59.
Langslow, R., M.D. Apoplexy, Lon., 1802, Svo.
Langstaff, George. Papers in Med. and Chir.
Trans., 1812.
Langstaff, Launcelot. Salmagundi, Lon., 1811,
2 vols. 8vo. See IRVING, WASHINGTON. An ed. of this
work was printed in London, with An Introductory Essay
and Explanatory Notes, by John Lambert, 1811, 2 vols.
16mo. The American collector should possess this edition.
Langston, John. 1. Poeseos Græcæ Medulla, Lon.,
1679, Svo. 2. Sayings of the Latin Poets, 1679.
Langstroth, Rev. L. L. Practical Treat. on the
Hive and Honey-Bee, Northamp., Mass., 12mo. With an
Introduction by the Rev. Robert Baird. An excellent
work.
Langtoft, Peter, flourished in the thirteenth and
beginning of the fourteenth century, trans. from the Latin
into French verse Bosenham or Boscam's Life of Thomas
à Becket, and compiled in French verse a Chronicle of
England. The Chronicle begins with the old Trojan
fable, and comes down to the end of the reign of Edward I.
Robert de Brunne made an English metrical version of it,
which was pub. by Hearne, Oxon., 1725, 2 vols. Svo
1810, 2 vols. 8vo. See Henrne's Preface; Warton's Hist.
of Eng. Poet.; BRUNNE, ROBERT DE, or ROBERT MAN-
NYING HEARNE, THOMAS, No. 21.
|
Langton, Chris. Medical works, 1547, '48, &c.
Langton, Stephen, d. 1228, elected Archbishop of
Canterbury 1207, acknowledged by King John 1213, was
the author of Commentaries on the Scriptures, &c. A
letter of his, and a history of the translation of the body
of Thomas à Becket, have been published. See Warton's
See Warton's
Anglia Sacra; Cave; Tanner; Dupin; Henry's Hist. of
G. Brit.; Archæol., vols. xii., xiv.; Warton's Hist. of Eng.
Poet., ed. 1840, ii. 28.
Langton, William, M.D. Inoculation, 1767, 8vo.
Langton, Zachary. Human Rational Soul, 1764.
Langwith, Benjamin, D.D. On Coins, &c., 1727-47.
Langworth, Charles C. Electricity, 1798, Svo.
Langworthy, William. On Commerce, 1793, 4to.
Lanigan, John, 1. Institutionum Biblicarum, Pars
prima, Paviae, 1794, Svo. See Orme's Bibl. Bib. 2. Pro-
testant's Apology for the R. C. Church, 1809, Svo. 3.
Eccles. Hist. of Ireland to XIII. Cent., Dubl., 1822, 4
vols. 8vo; again, 1829, 4 vols. 8vo.
"Let him, however, cast his eye once more over the valuable
work of Dr. Lanigan,-a work which. for extensive knowledge, deep
research, and accurate criticism, surpasses, in my opinion, all that
has ever been produced by the Established Church collectively or
individually in Ireland."-RT. REV. DR. DOYLE, (J. K. L.)
Lankester, Edwin, M.D., b. 1814, Prof. of Natural
Hist. at New College, London. 1. The Food of Man, Lon.,
1846, 2 vols. 18mo. 2. Trans. of Schleiden's Principles
of Scientific Botany, 1849, 8vo. 3. The Aquavivarium,
Fresh and Marine, 1856, 12mo.
"Beyond comparison the best work on the Fresh-water Aqua-
rium."-Lon. Athenæum.
"As comprehensive as clear writing and a free use of illustra-
tions could make it."-Lm. Eraminer.
Dr. L. has been a contributor to the Penny Cyclopædia,
The English Cyclopædia, &c.
Lanman, Charles, b. 1819, at Monroe, Michigan,
after a mercantile education in New York from 1835 to
'46, determined in the latter year to cultivate literature
as a profession, and has given evidence to his many
readers that he has not mistaken his calling. He has
1058
been connected editorially with the Monroe Gazette, the
Cincinnati Chronicle, the New York Express, and -from
1847 to the present date, 1857-with the National Intel-
ligencer, and has contributed also to the columns of
the Southern Literary Messenger, Bentley's Magazine,
and The New York Observer. Many of his fugitive
letters, originally pub. in periodicals, Mr. Lanman has
since collected into volumes, thus preserving in a per-
manent shape for the instruction and entertainment of
his readers the results of his extensive and intelligent
observations. We annex a list of his publications, with a
few brief extracts from the numerous commendations
which they have elicited from public and private sources.
1. Essays for Summer Hours, Bost., 1842, 12mo; 3d ed.,
1853, 16mo. 2. Letters from a Landscape-Painter, Bost.,
1845, 12mo. A portion of this work was reprinted in No.
6.
6. 3. A Summer in the Wilderness, N. York, 1847, 12mo.
Noticed in the N. Amer. Rev., lxix. 422, (by Prof. Francis
Bowen,) and in the American Review, (by G. H. Colton.)
4. A Tour to the River Saguenay, Phila., 1848, 12mo.
"These Letters have many graphic touches which show the
artist-eye of their ingenious author. They contain lively sketches
of natural scenery and amusing narratives of travelling-incidents.
At times a striking poetical expression flashes upon us, illumi-
nating the page like a gleam of light. The Letters are very read-
able and pleasant.”—J. G. PALFREY: N. Amer. Rev.
5. Letters from the Allegheny Mountains, N. York,
1849, 12mo.
"As descriptive of the scenery of Georgia, Tennessee, and North
Carolina, a district strangely neglected by travellers, this volume
but renders, at the same time, express homage to civilization."
has original merits. It paints the wilderness in vivid colours,-
Lon. Athenium, 1849. 1128-1129.
"Some of the scenes depicted in this volume are of startling in-
terest, and every passage bears unmistakable evidence of the man
of genius."-GEORGE D. PRENTICE: Louisville Journal,
―
24; Liv. Age, xxviii. 113.
See also Southern Lit. Gaz.; South. Quar. Rev., xviii.
6. Haw-ho-noo; or, Records of a Tourist, Phila., 1851,
12mo. See No. 2. Highly commended by William C.
Bryant, in the N. York Evening Post; by John R. Thomp-
son, in the South. Lit. Mess.; by E. A. Duyckinck, in the
Canoe-Voyage up the Mississippi, N. York.
N. York Literary World; and by Harper's Magazine. 7.
ed. of No. 3. 8. The Sugar-Camp, and other Sketches,
This is a 2d
Phila. This is a 2d ed. of No. 6. 9. Private Life of
Lanman was private secretary to Daniel Webster, and
Daniel Webster, 1852, 12mo; Lon., 1853, p. Svo. Mr.
relinquished his post as Librarian of the War Department,
at Mr. Webster's request, to accept of the secretaryship.
10. Adventures in the Wilds of the United States and
British Provinces, with an Appendix on Moose-Hunting,
1856, 2 vols. Svo.
by Lieut. Campbell Hardy, (see HARDY, LIEUT..) Phila.,
This is a republication of Nos. 3, 4,
5, and 6, with the addition of three tours not before pub.
1851; II. A Tour to the River Restigouche, 1853; III. A
in book-form,-viz.: I. The Sources of the Potomac,
Winter in the South, 1854. The author was encouraged
from Washington Irving:
in the design of this collective edit. by the following letter
"I am glad to learn that you intend to publish your narrative
and descriptive writings in a collective form. They carry us into
the fastnesses of our mountains, the depths of our forests. the watery
wilderness of our lakes and rivers, giving us pictures of savage life
and savage tribes, Indians' legends, fishing and hunting anecdotes,
the adventures of trappers and backwoodsmen,-our whole arcanum,
in short, of indigenous poetry and romance. To use a favourite,
phrase of the old discoverers, they lay open the secrets of the
country to us. I cannot but believe your work will be well re-
ceived, and meet with the wide circulation which it assuredly
merits."
Mr. Edward Everett also warmly advocated the enterprise..
written, it will be seen, after the book of Adventures
We quote a few lines from another letter of Mr. Irving's,
was launched upon the world:
"I hope the success of your work has been equal to its merits.
To me your Adventures in the Wilds of America are a continual
refreshment of spirits. I take a volume of your work to bed with
me after fagging with my pen, and then ramble with you among
the mountains and by the streams in the boundless interior of our .
fresh unhackneyed country, and regret that I can do so only in
idea, and that I am not young enough to be your companion in
reality.... You are in fact the Picturesque Explorer of our
country."-Sunnyside, March 2, 1857.
No. 4 was pub. in London by Bentley, 1847, p. Svo, under
the title of Adventures of an Angler in Canada; and,
tures in the Wilds of America, a compilation (made by
Longman pub. in 1854, p. 8vo, under the title of Adven-'
Charles Richard Weld, Esq.) from No. 10. These vols.
were well received by the English public.
"The author is largely and justly popular in America, as one of
the most pleasant sketchers who have followed in the footsteps of
The Sketch-Book. Nor is he unknown or unappreciated in this
country, in which it has been our very agreeable task to pay tribute
to his merits. The periodical press of America has cause to be vaid
LAN
LAR
of such contributors as Mr. Lanman."-WILLIAM JERDAN, in the
Lom. Lit. Gazette.
"Mr. Lanigan writes like a man who observes acutely and de-
scribes with spirit and intelligence, rather than one profound as a
naturalist, a geographer, or a politician. The charm of the work
is its realness, if there be such a word; or. if there be not. then its
reality. The reader feels that he is accompanying a clever and
truthful guide."-CHARLES DICKENS. in the Im. News.
Mr. Lanman is yet a young man, and has certainly re-
ceived encouragement to induce him occasionally to
resume the authorial pen whenever he finds time to tell a
story and happier than the philosophic knife-grinder of
Canning-finds that he has a story to tell. Since the above
was sent to the press, we notice the following in a paper
of the day. (August, 1857.)
“Mr. Charles Lanman, the author, and formerly private secretary
to Mr. Webster, has been appointed to a similar position by Mr
Thompson in the Interior Department. The last public position.
held by Mr. Lanman was that of Examiner of Depositaries, under
President Pierce."
We should not omit to state that the subject of our
notice is a grandson of the late Judge James Lanman, of
Norwich, who was a graduate of Yale College, Connecticut,
of the class of 1788, a member of the Senate of the
United States from 1819 to '25, a holder of many other
offices of honour and responsibility, and a "man had in
reputation among all the people" for public spirit, private
virtues, commanding influence, and extensive usefulness.
May the memory of such be ever fresh in the hearts of
the people! Judge Lanman's second wife was the mother
of Mr. Parke Benjamin, a well-known son of song, already
justly censured in this volume as a talent-burier,-as one
who, possessing ample ability to write well, can hardly be
persuaded to write at all. We must confess, however,
that such frugal poets give far less trouble to Dictionary-
makers, like ourselves, than their more fertile brethren
of the lyre who err in the opposite extreme.
Lanman, James H., uncle of the preceding. 1.
Hist. of Michigan, Civil and Topographical, N. York,
1839, Svo, pp. 397. 2. Hist. of Michigan, from its Earliest
Colonization to the Present Time, 1842, 18mo, pp. 269. Mr.
Lanman contributed a number of papers to the North
American Review and to Hunt's Merchants' Magazine.
Lanphier, Simon, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1782.
Con. to Med. Com., 1782.
Lanquet, Thomas. An Epitome of Cronicles, Lon.,
1549, 4to. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1095.
Lansdowne, George Granville, Viscount. See
GRANVILLE.
Lansdowne, Henry Petty, Marquis of. 1.
Speech, 1807, Svo. 2. Speech, 1807, Svo.
Lanseter, John. Lanster's Lance for Edwards's
Gangrene, Lon., 1616, '46, 4to. See EDWARDS, THOMAS.
Lant, Thomas. The Procession of the Obsequies
of Sir Philip Sydney, 1587. On thirty-four engraved
copper plates, forming a long roll, with a description in
Latin and English. Purchased at Gough's sale, (Cat.
3395,) for £39 188., by Sir Joseph Banks. It is now in
the British Museum.
Lant, Thomas. Dailie Exercise of a Christian,
Lon., 1590; 1598, 16mo. See Maunsell's Catalogue
[p. 84] of English Bookes, Lon.. 1595, fol.
Lanyer, Emilia. Salve Deos Rex Irdæorum, Lon.,
1611, 4to. Very rare. Bindley, Pt. 2, 2523, £10 10s.
See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1096.
Lape, T., Lutheran pastor, Malden, N. York. 1.
Mourners Comforted. 2. Infant Baptism, Balt., 1843.
3. Theolog. Sketch-Book, 1844, 2 vols.
Laporte. French Series: 1. Grammar, Bost., 12mo;
2. Speaking-Exercises, 12mo; 3. Key to No. 2; 4. Self-
Teaching Reader, 12mo. This series is used in the Uni-
versities of Cambridge, (Mass..) Hanover, Virginia, and
in many other colleges and academies.
Lapp, William. Irish Term Reports. See RIDGE-
WAY, WILLIAM.
Lapslie, James. Serm., Glasg., 1805, Svo.
Lara, Catherine. Novels, Lon., 1796.
Larcom, Lucy, a native of Massachusetts, now a
teacher in Illinois, a favourite contributor to the Lowell
Offering, has written some poetical pieces which have
been commended. See specimens in Griswold's Female
Poets of America, 2d ed., Phila., 1853, 361.
Larcombe, Jane Elizabeth, b. 1829, at Cole-
brook, Connecticut, is a daughter of the "moral instruc-
tor" (chaplain) of the Eastern Penitentiary of Pennsyl-
vania, and was married in 1851 to the Rev. Heman Lincoln,
of the Baptist Church. Miss Larcombe, under the name
of Kate Campbell, was a large contributor to the pe-
riodicals pub. by Godey, Peterson, Sartain, Neal, &c., and
to the Annuals; and Mrs. Lincoln now writes for several
religious publications connected with the Baptist Church.
Lard, Moses E. A Review of Rev. J. B. Jeter
book entitled Campbellism Examined: with an Introduc
by Alexander Campbell, of Bethany, Va., Phila., 1857.
Lardner, Rev. Dionysius, LL.D., one of the
most distinguished natural philosophers and mathe-
maticians of modern times, was born April 3, 1793, in
the city of Dublin, educated at Trinity College, in his
native place; accepted the professorship of Natural Phi-
losophy and Astronomy in the London University (now
University College) in 1828: resided in the United States
from 1840 to 45, and since the latter year has been
settled in Paris. Whilst in America Dr. Lardner de-
livered Popular Lectures on Science and Art in all the
principal cities of the Union, which have been pub. in
2 vols. 8vo, and reached the 15th ed. in 1855. Dr. Lard-
ner is the author of many valuable works on different
branches of mathematics, natural philosophy, &c., which
have conferred an extensive reputation upon their learned
author. Few writers have done so much to introduce
science as a welcome guest to the family circle, and few,
therefore, can so justly claim the honourable title of bene-
factor to the public mind of the age. 1. System of Alge-
hraic Geometry, 1823, Svo. 2. On the Differential and
Integral Calculus, 1825, 8vo. 3. On Trigonometry, 1828,
Sro.
4. Discourse on the Advantages of Natural Philo-
sophy, 1828. 5. First Principles of Arithmetic and Geo-
metry, 12mo. 6. Lects. on the Steam-Engine, 1828, Svo;
8th ed., 1851, p. 8vo; cheap ed., 1848, 12mo. 7. Euclid,
Books I.-VI.; with a Comment.,, &c., 9th ed., 1846, 8vo.
8. Theory of Central Forces, Svo. 9. On Mechanics,
12mo, (Lardner's Cab. Cyc., vol. v.:) in conjunction with
Captain Henry Kater, q. v. 10. On Hydrostatics and
Pneumatics, 1831, 12mo, (Lardner's Cab. Cyc., vol. xvii.)
11. On Heat, 1833, 12mo, (Lardner's Cab. Cyc., vol. xxxix.)
12. On Arithmetic, 1834, 12mo, (Lardner's Cab. Cyc., vol.
lv.) 13. On Geometry, 1840, 12mo, (Lardner Cab. Cyc., vol.
exxvii.) 14. On Electricity, Magnetism, and Meteorology,
1841, 2 vols. 12mo, (Lardner's Cab. Cyc., vols. cxxx.,cxxxi. :)
in conjunction with C. V. Walker. 15. Cabinet Library,
1830-32, 9 vols. 12mo. 16. Lects. upon Locke's Essays,
1847, 48, '55. Sro. 17. Railway Economy: New Art of
Transport, 1850, p. Svo. 18. Hand-Books of Natural
Philosophy and Astronomy: Course I., 1851, Svo; Course
II., 1852, p. Svo: Course III., 1854, p. 8vo: 2d ed., in 6
vols., 1855–56,—viz.: I. Mechanics; II. Hydrostatics,
Pneumatics, and Heat; III. Optics; IV. Electricity,
Magnetism, and Acoustics; V., VI. Astronomy. 19. The
Great Exhibition, and London in 1851, p. Svo, 1852.
20. Popular Essays on Scientific Subjects, 1852. p. 8vo.
21. Museum of Science and Art, 1854-56, vols. i.-xii.,
12mo. This valuable series was started with a subscrip-
tion of more than 50,000 names. A French version is
now (1857) in preparation, at 3 sous each part.
"The Museum of Science and Art is the most valuable contribu-
tion that has ever been made to the scientific instruction of every
class of society."-SIR DAVID BREWSTER.
Dr. Lardner has also contributed articles on Algebra,
Trigonometry, Natural Philosophy, &c. to the Edinburgh
Encyc., the Encyc. Metropol., the Library of Useful
Knowledge, the Edin. Rev., London Times, Trans. Royal
Astron. Soc., &c. He was, as noticed above, a contri-
butor, (see Nos. 9-14,) the projector, and for some time
the editor, of the Cabinet Cyclopedia which bears his
name. This invaluable series-commenced in 1829 and
completed in 1844-is comprised in 133 vols. 12mo.. pub.
at 6d. per vol.,-each vol. sold separately.-or £39 18s.
(now-1857-reduced to about £17) for the whole.
sions: History, 67 vols.; Biography, 31 vols.; Natural
Philosophy, 13 vols.; Natural History, 15 vols.; Useful
Arts, 7 vols. Among the authors of these vols. are Sir
Walter Scott, Sir James Mackintosh, Sir John Herschel,
Sir N. Harris Nicolas, Sir David Brewster, Robert Southey,
Thomas Moore, Bishop Thirlwall, W. Swainson, G. P. R.
James, Jus. Montgomery, Prof. Powell, Prof. Henslow,
Rev. G. R. Gleig, and De Sismondi.
Diri-
"One of the most valuable contributions that has ever been
•
made to the cause of general knowledge and national education."
Lon. Standard.
"Some of the later volumes rank among the most useful and
elegant contributions to modern literature."-Eclectic Review.
•A
A rich library of universal knowledge."-Lon. Month. Review.
"It is gratifying to observe with what unflagging spirit this
series of publications is carried on by Dr. Lardner. It is the first
instance of a literary undertaking of such vast extent having
proved thoroughly successful in our country, and it is an instanco
in which success has been well and thoroughly deserved.”—Lọn.
Examiner.
**
The scientific works of Lardner's Cyclopedia may be read at
leisure hours; and the knowledge of these alone will shield us
from the imputation of wasting time on classics while ignorant
10159
LAR
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|
of other subjects."-Student's Guide to a Course of Reading
necessary for obtaining University Honours, by a Graduate of
Oxford.
"It's chokefu' o' maist instructive and enterteenin' maitter.".
SHEPHERD, in Noctes Ambros., May, 1830, in Blackw. Mag., xxvii.
807.
A biographical account of Dr. Lardner will be found in
Men of the Time, Lon., 1856; and see also Dublin Univ.
Mag., xxxv. 663; Fraser's Mag., ii. 58, v. 696, with pur-
trait of Dr. Lardner.
Lardner, Nathaniel, D.D., 1684-1768, a Dissenter,
of Arian sentiments, a native of Hawkhurst, Kent, was
educated at London, Utrecht, and Leyden; in 1713 was
appointed tutor in the family of Lady Treby, in 1723, lec-
turer at the Old Jewry, and in 1729, assistant minister
at Crued Friars. He was a man of great learning,
and, not being an agreeable preacher, employed nearly
the whole of his time in those erudite investigations which
will preserve his name to the latest posterity. For a de-
tailed account of these labours, the reader is referred to
the Life of Dr. Lardner, by Dr. Kippis, in the collective
eds. of the works of the former, first collected, Lon., 1788,
11 vols. r. 8vo; again, 1815, 5 vols. 4to, £10 108.; 1827,
1 vols. Svo, £5 5».; 1838, 10 vols. Svo, £5 58. Con-
tents: Vols. I.-VIII. The Credibility of the Gospel His-
tory; IX. Sermons; X. Tracts; Dissertations upon the two
new Epistles ascribed to Clement of Rome; Remarks upon
Dr. Ward's Dissertations; Indexes. The ed. of 1788 is
now very scarce, and copies were sold about thirty years
since for 12 to 14 guineas. We quote some opinions upon
his principal works. 1. The Credibility of the Gospel
History; with a Supplement. Originally pub. in 17 vols.
Svo, 1727–57. For this great work the author received
only £150.
"On this occasion it is proper to mention Dr. Lardner's excellent
work of the Credibility of the Gospel History, in the second part of
which consisting of several volumes-he hath made a full and
accurate collection of the passages which are to be found in the
writers of the first ages of the Christian Church relating to the
four Gospels and other sacred books of the New Testament. This
he hath executed with so much fidelity and diligence, and with
such exactness of judgment, that the English reader who hath not
opportunity to consult the original will be able to judge for him-
self upon considering the passages of the original authors, which
are very faithfully translated. This affordeth so clear and con-
tinued a proof of their having been generally received in the
earliest ages of the Christian Church, that one would hope it
should put an end to this part of the controversy."-Lelund's
Deistical Writers, ed. 1837, 39.
"The publication of Dr. Lardner's Credibility was received with
every mark of respect and gratitude both by members of the Church
of England and Dissenters, and its reputation gradually extended
into foreign countries.... Iis Credibility and his Collection of Jewish
Testimonies may be said to have given the deistical controversy a new
turn, and to have driven the assailants of the gospel from the field
of Christian antiquity, in which they esteemed themselves securely
entrenched, into the by-paths of sarcasm and irony. . . . The Abbé
Labouderie, in his historical notice of Father Colonia, justly pro
nounces the Credibility to be a magnificent apology for Chris-
tianity, and a chef-d'œuvre of learning and criticism,
whole of which Abbé Labouderie has announced his intention of
translating into French."-Horne's Bibl. Bib., 1839, 152–153.
"It is indeed an invaluable performance, and has rendered the
most essential service to the cause of Christianity. Whoever peruses
this work will find it replete with admirable instruction, sound
learning, and candid criticism."-DR. KIPPIS: Life of Lardner.
This elaborate work is truly valuable. It contains the most
copious materials for judging of the authenticity and credibility |
of the canonical scriptures of the New Testament."-DR. WM.
HIALES.
..
bant, vera
bant, vera esse gesta, in libris noui fœderis Larrata -- Walchu
Biblioth. Theolog. Selecta, Jena, 1762, tom. tert. p. 472, q. v.
The History of the Apostles and Evangelists, Writers
of the New Testament, was pub. as a Supp. to the 2d
Part of The Credibility, 1756-57, 3 vols.; again, 1760,
3 vols. 8vo. These 3 vols. form a portion of the 17 noticed
above. The 3 vols. will be found in vol. ii. of Bp. Wat-
son's Collection of Tracts.
CC This book of Dr. Lardner is so full and judicious on the subject
of the canon of the New Testament, that it may of itself be suth-
cient to give the reader very satisfactory information on that
point."-BISHOP WATSON.
It is a
"An admirable Introduction to the New Testament.
storehouse of literary information, collected with equal industry
and fidelity.”—BISHOP MARSH: Divinity Lects., Cambridge, 1810,
Lect. III., p. 48.
2. Vindication of three of Christ's Miracles; in answer
to Woolston on the Miracles, 1729, Svo.
“A very candid and learned but Arian writer. He impartially
goes through the principal fathers, showing their testimonies to
the Scriptures."-Bickersteth's C. S.
Nec a loco hoc plane alienum esse, existimo, insigne opus
NATHAN. LARDNERI, sermone anglicano compositum atque inscrip-
tum: The Credibility of the Gospel History, quum id ad auctori-
tatem fidemque scriptorum Noui Testamenti diuinorum confirman-
dam spectat. Magno enim studio Lardnerus testimonia auctorum
profanorum ae christianorum recensuit atque illustrauit, quæ pro-
"Written with great clearness and judgment.”—Leland's Deist.
Writers, ed. 1837, 89.
3. XVIII. Serms., 1750, 8vo. 4. The Case of the De-
moniacs of the New Testament, 1758, Svo.
See FARMER,
HUGH, Nos. 5 and 6. 5. Serms., 1760, 8vo. 6. Eight
Serms., with Memoirs of his Life and Writings, 1779, Svo;
posth. 7. A Large Collection of Ancient Jewish and
Heathen Testimonies to the Truth of the Christian Reli-
gion, 1764, 4 vols. Svo. See remarks of Orme and Horne,
supra. S. History of the Heretics of the first two Centu-
ries after Christ, &c., with addits. by John Hogg, 1780,
4to, posth. from the author's MS.
"In his history of the hereticks he has shown the same extent
of reading, the same unwearied industry in collecting his scattered
materials, which characterizes his other writings."-DR. BURTON.
"The services which Dr. Lardner rendered to the cause of Chris-
tianity are well known and very considerable. His extensive and
accurate investigations into the credibility of the gospel history
have left scarcely any thing more to be done or desired. Subse
quent writers on the evidences of Christianity have generally
availed themselves of Lardner's collection of testimonies, deeming
it useless to verify his quotations or add to their number. Ilis
sentiments on the doctrinal part of Christianity did not injure his
reasoning as an historian, but they probably influenced his selec-style:-
tion of quotations from the early Christian writers. The History
of the Writers of the New Testament Bishop Watson republished
in the second volume of his Tracts. The first part of the Credi-
bility was translated into Latin by the celebrated Wolfius. It was
also translated into Dutch and German. Walch eulogizes it as
insigne opus. The last volume of his collected works contains his
Tracts; the vindication of three of the miracles of Christ; on the
Logos; the two Epistles ascribed to Clement; on the Mosaic ac-
count of the Fall; on Dr. Ward's Dissertations; on Macknight's
Harmony; and some minor pieces. They discover his usual re-
search and accuracy, and show how far he departed from the
orthodox belief."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
No clergyman or candidate for the ministry can afford
to be without Dr. Lardner's Works, and no intelligent
layman should be without them. If any man-not idiotic,
nor destitute of ordinary good sense-can read Lardner's
Credibility and still disbelieve the Gospel, it is absurd
for him to pretend to believe the most common facts of
history, or, indeed, the existence of any thing beyond the
Where is the unbeliever
cognizance of his five senses.
who can pretend to have bestowed one-tenth of the time,
learning, and toil sedulously devoted by Lardner to the
question of the authenticity of the Gospel History? It
has been well said that
60
"The Credibility and the collateral writings of Lardner unite to
a very considerable extent the objects of a Bibliotheca Patristica
and an Ecclesiastical History. On them the author was laboriously
employed for no fewer than forty-three years."
..
Lardner's Works not only contain an Alphabetical Catalogue
of Authors, Sects, and Writings, whose history is written, and
from which extracts are made by him, but also form a sort of
Bibliotheca, full of curious and useful information on the subject
of ancient writers and their works.”—Dr. E. Williams's C. P.
Nor need the general reader be deterred from the
perusal of Lardner by the fear of a dry and repulsive
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
The manner of this writer gives me pleasure: he has been
called the laborious Lardner,' and laborious he must have been;
but he never seems to me to labour. He is always easy and un-
embarrassed."-Hey's Lectures.
"In the applause of Dr. Lardner all parties of Christians are
united, regarding him as the champion of their common and holy
faith. Archbishop Secker, Bishops Porteus, Watson, and Tomline,
and Doctors Jortin, Hey, and Paley, of the Anglican church, Doc-
tors Doddridge, Kippis. and Priestley, amongst the Dissenters, and
all foreign Protestant Biblical critics, have rendered public homage
to his learning, his fairness, and his great merits as a Christian
apologist. The candid of the literati of the Romish communion
have extolled his labours; and even Morgan and Gibbon, professed
unbelievers, have awarded to him the meed of faithfulness and
impartiality. With his name is associated the praise of deep erudi-
tion, accurate research, sound and impartial judgment, and un-
blemished candour. The publication of his works constituted a
new era in the annals of Christianity; for, by collecting a mass of
scattered evidences in favour of the authenticity of the evangelical
history, he established a bulwark on the side of truth which infi-
delity has never presumed to attack.”—Horne's Bibl. Bib., 1839, 358.
Laret, Thomas. Speech, &c., Lon., 1653, 4to.
Larke, John. 1. Boke of Noblenes, Lon., 16mo. 2.
Boke of Wisdome. 1565, 16mo, and sine anno.
Larkham. Serus. on the Attributes of God, Lon.-
1656, 4to.
Larkin, Edward. Speculum Patrum; or, An Ac-
count of some Fathers, Philosophers, Historians, &c., Lon.,
1659, 8vo.
Larkin, James. Practical Brass and Iron Founder's
Guide, Phila., 16mo.
Larned, Sylvester, 1796–1820, minister of the First
Presbyterian Church of New Orleans, was the son of Col
Simon Larned, of Pittsfield, Mass. See his Life, with
selections from his Sermons, by Rev. R. Gurley, N. York,
1849, 12mo. See also Chris. Month. Spec., ii. 560; New
Englander, v. 70, (by W. C. Fowler.)
La Roche, R., M.D., of Philadelphia. 1. Pneumonia:
1060
LAR
LAT
its supposed Connection, Pathological and Etiological,
with Autumnal Fevers, Phila., 1854, 8vo, pp. 500. Highly
commended by the N. Y. Jour. of Med., &c., March. 1854;
Virginia Med. and Surg. Jour.; N. York Med. Gazette.
2. Yellow Fever considered in its Historical, Pathological,
Etiological and Therapeutical Relations, 1855, 2 vols. 8vo,
pp. about 1500.
"It is a mine of information, quite an encyclopædia of references,
and resume of knowledge relative to what has been recorded upon
he subject."-Lon. Lance!.
Life of T. Browning and Jer.
Also highly commended by the Virginia Stethescope.
Larpent, F. S. His Private Journal, edit. by Sir G.
arpent, Lon., 1853, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 3 edits. in same year.
Larpent, Sir G. Turkey: its History and Progress,
Lon., 1854, 2 vols. 8vo.
Larraine, Paul.
Clark, Lon., 1712, Svo.
Larwood, Joshua. Letters, &c., Lon., 1804, &c.
Lascelles, Edward. Scenes from his Life, Dubl.,
Reprinted from the Dublin Univ. Mag.
Lascelles, Robert. Letters on Angling, Shoot-
ing, &c.. Lon., r. 8vo.
2 vols. 12mo.
Commended.
Lascelles, Rowley, 1770-1841, compiler of the
Liber Munerum Publicorum Hiberniæ, 1152-1827, Lon.,
1852, 2 vols. fol., was the author of The Heraldic Origin
of Gothic Architecture, 1820, r. 8vo, and some theological
and other works. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Sept. 1841, 324.
Lasher, Joshua. Pharmacopoeia Chymica, 1698.
Laskey, Capt. John. 1. Hunterian Museum at
Glasgow, Glasg., 1813, 8vo. 2. Napoleon Mint-Medals,
1813, r. Svo.
Lassels, Richard, 1603–1668, a native of Yorkshire,
a Roman Catholic. The Voyage of Italy; or, a Complete
Journey through Italy, Lon., 1670, 'S6, Svo; with addits.,
1698, Svo.
"The celebrated John Willses made me a present of this book.
assuring me at the time that it is one of the best accounts of the
curious things of Italy ever delivered to the world in any book of
travels."-EDWARD HARWOOD.
Latch, Jean, a Roman Catholic lawyer, d. 1655.
Reports K. B. 1 Car. I.-4 Car. I., 1625-1628, Lon., 1662,
fol.; in French. Trans. into English by F. X. Martin,
Newbern, N.C., 1793, Svo. See Martin's Pref. to Latch ;
Walpole's Pref.; Pref. to Palmer's Reports; Marvin's Leg.
Bibl., 446; Bridgman's Leg. Bibl.; Wallace's Reporters,
3d ed., 1855, 190. An account of Latch will be found in
Athen. Oxon.
Lates, David F. Italian Tongue, Lon., 1766, 8vo.
Latham, Ebenezer. Serms., &c., 1743-74.
Latham, G. Stydd Church,
Stydd Church, illustrated, Lon., 1853,
sm. fol.
Latham, Rev. Henry. Harmonia Paulina, Lon.,
1837, Svo. For an account of this very valuable work,
see Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Latham, John, M.D., 1740-1837, a native of Eltham,
Kent, pub. some medical treatises, &c., and the following
works, by which he is best known. 1. A General Synopsis
of Birds, Lon., 17S1-S5, 6 vols. 4to. Supp., 1787, 4to.
Second Supp., 1801, 4to. 2. Index Ornithologicus, 1790,
2 vols. 4to. Supp., 1801, 4to; four copies were coloured
by Miss Stone. Dent's sale, £43 18.; North's, £14 28.;
Stanley, £56 148. 3. General Hist. of Birds, Winchest.,
1821-24, 10 vols. 4to. With upwards of two hundred
col'd plates, £21. Index, 1828, 4to, £1.
"No scientific works on Natural History ever obtained so much
celebrity as those of our venerable countryman, Dr. Latham. His
General History of Birds, which is an enlargement of his Synopsis,
is undoubtedly the most useful and valuable work of its class that
has yet appeared, as it contains scientific descriptions of every bird
known at the time."-NEVILLE WOOD.
See Lon. Geut. Mag., 1837, Pt. 2, 92, 106; Blackw. Mag.,
xxiii. 782, xxx. 6. And see next article.
Latham, John, M.D., d. 1843, aged 82, of Brazennose
Coll., Oxford, is confounded by Watt (Bibl. Brit.) and by
the writer in the Lon. Gent. Mag., 1837, Pt. 2, 92, with
the preceding. The subject of the present article pub.
treatises on Gout and Rheumatism, 1796, Diabetes, 1811.
See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1837, Pt. 2, 106.
Latham, P. M., M.D., late Physician to St. Bar-
tholomew's Hospital. Lects. on Disenses of the Heart,
Lon., 1845-46, 2 vols. 12mo.
|
his return from a tour in the North of Europe, accepted
the Professorship of the English Language and Literature
in University College, London. 1. Trans. of Tegner's
Poem, Axel, Lon., 1839, 8vo. 2. Norway and Norwegians,
1840, 2 vols. r. 12mo. In this work we have the results
of Dr. Latham's
of Dr. Latham's personal observations in the North of
Europe. 3. Treatise on the English Language, 1841, Svo;
1848, 8vo; 1850, 8vo; 4th ed., 1855, 2 vols. 8vo. This
work should be carefully perused by the student of the
English tongue:
He will find here an historical and analytical view, comprising
the general ethnographical relations of the English language, and
that, too, in a much more readable form than he may imagine. He
must be prepared, however, to meet with principles rather than
rules. At all events, it will set him thinking, and, in whatever
nook or corner of the kingdom or of the world his lot may be cast,
observing too; for the very dialect of the province will acquire a
new interest, and indeed help him in his studies."-English Jour-
nal of Elucation.
"It cannot fail to give a strong and beneficial impulse to the
study of cardiac disease."-Bril. and For. Med. Rev.
"It is, in truth, a most learned and laborious inquiry into some
of the more abstruse points in general granmar, and in that of the
English language in particular, commencing with its historical
descent and connexions, and including the causes of many of its
peculiarities of structure and condition. By the word Grammar,
in ordinary parlance, is understood a number of rules; whereas
the work before us so far as it has attained to the character of a
well-ordered design, is a repertory of the reasons which are at the
bottom of the rules.”—Lon. Athen., 1842, 124.
See also Edin. Rev., xcii. 293; Eclec. Rev., 4th ser., xi.
519; HARRISON, MATTHEW. To those who are disposed
to follow still farther the paths of investigation into
which Dr. Latham's Treatise will introduce them, we re-
commend the following works. I. Grimm, Deutsche
Grammatik, Theil I., (all published,) 3d ed., 1840, 8vo.
"The Deutsche Grammatik of Grimm is the work not of an age
nor of a century, but. like the great History of the Athenian, a
facts and illustrations: it is a monument of learning, industry,
κтnµa ɛis àɛí. It is the magazine from whence all draw their
comprehensiveness, and arrangement."-LATHAM.
"In this astonishing work a whole family of languages has for
the first time found an expositor, and as it were a historiographer,
placed on the summit of the comparative linguistic analysis of our
age. Grimm's Teutonic Grammar comprehends the Scandinavian as
well as the German languages in all their ramifications. reduces
each of them to its most ancient forms, and follows it down from
that point through the whole course of its development. This
colossal work forms an epoch in the history of ethnological philo-
logy."-THE CHEVALIER BUNSEN.
II. Schilteri Thesaurus Antiquitatum Teutonicarum :
Ecclesiasticarum, Civilium, Literarium, Monumenta
Francia, Alemanica, Saxonica. Biblica, Ecclesiastica, et
Civilia: cum Glossario Teutonico, non Linguæ solum in-
servituro, sed et Antiquitatibus abundanti, Ulm, 1728,
3 vols. fol. This invaluable collection of the earliest
monuments of the Northern languages in Europe con-
tains the works of Otfrid, Notker, and Willeram, an
Anglo-Saxon list of the Gospels for Sundays and Festi-
vals, Francie laws, Rhythmus Antiquus de Carlo Magno,
&c.
&c. The Glossary occupies the whole of vol. iii.
..
The Thesaurus of Schilter is a real mine of Francic literature.
The text is founded on a careful collation of all the MSS. to which
the Life of Saint Ano,-are highly valuable for their antiquity and
he could obtain access, and these, with one exception, perhaps.-
correctness."- Warton's English Poetry, by Price, i. 7.
III. Wachteri Glossarium Germanicum; continens, Ori-
gines et Antiquitates totius Linguæ, Lips.,1737, 2 vols. fol.
"Wachter has been peculiarly successful in discovering remote
affinities, obscured by the changes. We may observe, in general,
that this illustrious enquirer has, by the force of good feeling, and
by the abundance of well-arranged materials, exceeded all his fel-
low-labourers united, critics and etymologists, in the same pur
suits.”—Whiter's Etymologicon.
And see HICKES, GEORGE, D.D., Nos. 3 and 4.
But we
must return from this digression to the enumeration of Dr.
Latham's publications: 4. Elementary English Grammar
for the Use of Schools, 1843, 12mo; 4th ed., 1849, 12mo.
“A work in which grammar, no longer an assemblage of con-
language, and an elementary intellectual exercise, adapted to the
ventional rules of speech, becomes a philosophical analysis of our
highest purposes of instruction."--Minutes of Council of Educa-
tion. (St. Mark's College,) vol. i. 1845.
6.
His comparison of the old Saxon forms with the modern Eng-
lish, his classification of verbs under the heads of weak and strong
forms, and his remarks on the derivation and construction of Eng-
lish words, afford evidence of laborious investigation and research,
and are a valuable contribution towards reducing our language
within its proper limits.”-Classical Museum.
And see Edin. Rev., xcii. 293. The scholar must also
procure Mr. Green's Questions on the above work, 1849,
12mo. 5. First Outlines of Logic applied to Grammar
and Etymology, 1847, 12mo. 6. Hist. and Etymology of
the English Language for Classical Schools, 1849, fp. Svo.
7. Elements of English Grammar for Commercial Schools,
fp. Svo. S. Elements of English Grammar for Ladies'
Schools, 1849, fp. 8vo. 9. English Grammar for Classical
Latham, Paul. Serms., Lon.. 1676, '7S, 'S3.
Latham, Robert Gordon, M.D., one of the most
eminent of modern philologers and ethnologists, a native
of Lincolnshire, was educated at Eton, and at King's Col- | Schools, 1850, 12mo. 10. Handbook of the English Lan-
lege, Cambridge, (of which he became Fellow,) and, after | guage, 1851, 12mo; 2d ed., 1855, p. 8vo. 11. The Works
1061
LAT
LAT
4
of Sydenham, trans. from the Latin for the Syd. Soc.,
1848-49. 12. Natural Hist. of the Varieties of Man,
1850, 8vo. Commended by the London Examiner, Sept.
11, 1852, Lon. Weekly News, and N. York Internat.
Mag., i. 467. 13. Man and his Migrations, 1851. fp. Svo.
14. Ethnology of the British Colonies and Dependencies,
1852, 12mo. 15. Ethnology of the British Islands, 1852,
12mo. 16. The Germania of Tacitus, with Ethnological
Disserts. and Notes, 1852, demy Svo. 17. Ethnology of
Europe, 1852, 12mo. 18. Native Races of the Russian
Empire, 1855, Svo.
19. Varieties of the Human Species,
1855, Svo. 20. Opera Minora: vol. i., American Abori-
ginal Linguistics, Svo. Announced for 1857 by Messrs.
Trübner & Co., London. See LUDEWIG; HERMANN, E.;
TRÜBNER, NICOLAUS. 21. Johnson's Dictionary of the
English Language; a new ed., by Todd and Latham; an-
nounced for 1857.
I atham, Simon. 1. Falconry; in two Books, Lon.,
1614, 15, 4to. A valuable work. 2. Another New and
Second Booke of Falconrie, 1618, 4to.
Latham, William. 1. Royal Navy in 1599;
Archæol., 1796. 2. Singular Instance of Atmospherical
Refraction; Phil. Trans., 1798, and in Nic. Jour., ii. 417.
See an account of this curious circumstance in that in-
valuable work, Bouvier's Familiar Astronomy, Phila.,
1857, 396.
Lathbury, Rev. Thomas. 1. Hist. of the English
Episcopacy, Lon., 1836, Svo. Reviewed in Edin. Rev.,
Ixiv. 93; Brit. Crit., xxx. 329. 2. Popery and Jesuitism
in England to 1829, 1838, 12mo. 3. State of the Church
in England to the Reformation, 1839, Svo. 4. Guy
Fawkes, 1839, 12mo. 5. Spanish Armada in 1588, 1840,
fp. 8vo. 6. Hist of the Convocation of the Ch. of Eng. to
1742, 12mo, 1842; with addits., 1853, 12mo.
"The most convenient account of the English Councils.”—
Bickersteth's C. S.
7. Protestantism the Old Religion, Popery the New;
6th thousand, enlarged, 8. (. 8. Memorials of Ernest the
Pious, 1843, 12mo. 9. Hist of the Nonjurors, 1845,
8vo.
Lathom, Francis, a native of Norwich, England,
pub. a number of novels and plays, Lon., 1799-1809, for
a list of which see Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Lathrop, D. W. Case of the General Assembly of
the Presbyterian Church, &c., Phila., 1839, 8vo.
Lathrop, John, 1740-1816, a native of England,
1740-1816, a native of England,
minister in Boston, and a great-grandson of the Rev.
John Lathrop, first minister of Scituate and Barnstable,
Mass., pub. a number of serms., &c., 1770-1815. Sée
Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict. Mr. L. wrote his name Lo-
thropp, and many of his descendants write it Lothrop.
Lathrop, John, 1772-1820, a native of Boston, son
of the preceding, pub. a number of fugitive poems,
lec-
tures, orations, &c., which have not been collected. See
Allen's Amer. Biog. Dict.; Kettell's Spec. Amer. Poet.;
Duyckinck's Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
Lathrop, Joseph, D.D., 1731-1820, minister of West
Springfield, Mass., of the same family as the preceding,
pub. 7 vols. of Serms., 1796-1801, many occasional serms.,
&c. See Allen's Amer. Biog. Diet.; Chris. Disciple, iii.
385; Chris. Month. Spec., iv. 151, 375; vii. 174.
Lathum, W. Phyala Lachrymarum, Lon., 1634, 8vo.
Lathy, Thomas P. Novels, and a play, 1800-09.
Latimer, Hugh, 1472?-1555, a native of Leicester-
shire, educated at Cambridge; Rector of West Kingston,
Wiltshire, 1529; Bishop of Worcester, 1535. He preached
the doctrines of the Reformation with such ability and
ardour that his enemies feared to allow him the brief rem-
nant of a life already prolonged to the age of eighty-
three, and made a bonfire of him and his friend Ridley at
Oxford, Oct. 16, 1555. "Be of good comfort, Master Rid-
ley, and play the man!" exclaimed the brave old martyr
to his fellow-sufferer, as the lighted fagot was laid at the
latter's feet: "we shall this day light such a candle, by God's
grace, in England, as I trust shall never be put out."
A new ed. of Latimer's Serms., with Notes, and a Me-
moir, by John Watkins, LL.D., was pub. in 1824, 2 vols.
8vo; and a complete ed. of his Works (the only complete
one) was edited for the Parker Society by the Rev. George
Elwes Corric, Camb., 1844-45, 2 vols. Svo. The early
eds. of Latimer's Serms., pub. separately and collectively,
(1st ed., 1548,) are very rare, and bring high prices. See
Fox's Martyrs; Rev. William Gilpin's Life of Latimer,
1755, 8vo; Wordsworth's Eccles. Biog.; Lowndes's Bibl.
Man.; Brit. Reformers, vol. ii.; Tracts of Angl. Fathers,
iv. 11; Blackw. Mag., lxix. 131; Lon. Retrosp. Rev.,
1822, vi. 272,
"Latimer, more than any other man, promoted the Reformation
by his preaching. The straightforward honesty of his remarks
the liveliness of his illustrations, his homely wit, his racy manner
his manly freedom, the playfulness of his temper, the simplicity of
his heart, the sincerity of his understanding, gave life and vigour
to his sermons when they were delivered, and render them now
the most amusing productions of that age, and to us, perhaps, the
most valuable."-Gilpin's Lives of the Reformers.
**
Latimer, by his naïveté and simplicity, his wit. honesty, and
piety, has, more than the other Reformers, retained his popularity.
He will furnish many hints for useful addresses to the people..
His sermons are fine specimens of godly intrepidity, simplicity, and
piety."-Bickersteth's C. S.
•
"These sermons abound with the boldest strokes of wit and
satire, clothed in language the most plain and familiar. The
koenest reproofs are conveyed by stories, comparisons, and a great
variety of ways, evincing the intrepidity of righteousness in a very
uncommon degree.”—Williams's C. P.
"It is, however, impossible not to feel and to acknowledge in
the sermons of Latimer a familiarity and yet force of style, upon
which Swift, if not Sterne. in after-days, but with occasionally
greater coarseness of expression, might have formed their own
There is throughout Latimer a purity, ease, and perfection of Eng
lish idiom-to say nothing of the curious personal and historical
anecdotes with which they are mixed up-which render his dis
courses invaluable to the lexicographer and philologist.”—Dibdin's
Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 78: see also 72, 73. SS.
C
There are few books which throw so much light upon the
manners and morals of their age and the whole state of society in
most curious and amusing specimens of our early literature."—
those times as Latimer's Sermons: they may be ranked among the
SOUTHEY.
"Latimer,-brave, sincere, honest, inflexible.— exercising his
power over men's minds by a fervid eloquence flowing from the
deep conviction which animated his plain, pithy, and free-spoken
sermons."-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: History of England.
"I never read any sermons so much like Whitefield's manner
of preaching as Latimer's. You see a simple mind uttering all its
feelings, and putting forth every thing as it comes, without re-
ference to books or men, with a naïveté seldom equalled.".
RICHARD CECIL: Remains.
"No English treatise on a theological subject, published before
the end of 1550, seems to deserve notice in the general literature
of Europe, though some may be reckoned interesting in the history
of our Reformation. The Sermons of Latimer, however, published
in 1548, are read for their honest zeal and lively delineation of
manners. They are probably the best specimens of a style ther
prevalent in the pulpit, and which is still not lost in Italy nor
among some of our own sectaries,—a style that comes at once
home to the vulgar, animated and effective, picturesque and intel
ligible, but too unsparing both of ludicrous associations and com
monplace invective."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., Lon.
1854. i. 374.
Latimer, J. B. Tonnage Tables. 1810, 12mo.
Latimer, Thomas. Dissert. de Somnambulations,
Franc. ad Od., 1689, 4to.
Latimer, William, Fellow of All Souls' College,
1489, d. about 1545, was one of the chief promoters of
Greek learning in England. He pub. nothing; and a fev
of his letters to Erasmus, whom he taught Greek, are all
that remain of his writings. Erasinus and eland both
commend him highly. See Athen. Oxon.; Jrtin's Lif»
of Erasmus; Knight's Life of Erasmus; Ha'am's Lit
Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., Lon., 1854, i. 232, 271-
Latrobe, Benjamin Henry. 1. Trans. of Krantz's
Hist. of the United Brethren, Lon., 1780, 8vo.
"Krantz's History of what they [the Moravians] have done in
Greenland [in German. 1770, 2 vols. 8vo; in English, 1767, 2 vols.
Svo: 1820, 2 vols. 8vo] is a most valuable book.”—R. Southey to
C. W. Wynn, 1805.
+
2. Trans. of A. G. Spangeberg's Christian Doctrine
according to the U. Brethren, 1784, Svo.
"Of all the systems of divinity I am acquainted with, there is
none which seems in the main to accord more with my senti-
ments."-REV. JOHN NEWTON.
Other translations, &c.
Latrobe, C. E. Letters to My Children, Lon., 1851,
12mo.
Latrobe, Charles Joseph. 1. The Alranstock;
or, Sketches of Swiss Scenery and Manners ir. 1825–26,
Lon., 1829. 12mo; 2d ed., 1839, p. 8vo.
CA
The only book calculated to give a stranger any hing like a
conception of these astounding regions."-Lon. Month dog, Aug.
1829.
Also highly commended by the Lon. Lit. Gas, Oct. 10,
1829; Dubl. Chris. Exam., Feb. 1830. 2. Te Pedes-
trian; or, Rambles in the Tyrol in 1830, p. 8vo, 1832. 3.
The Rambler in North America in 1832-33, 1835, 2 vols.
p.
"The best book of the season as far as America is concerned.”-
Lon. Quar. Rer.. liii. 290.
P. 8vo; 1836, 2 vols. p. 8vo; N. York, 1835, 12mo.
"Nor can we call to mind any English pictures of American
scenery more fresh and characteristic than these by Mr. Latrobo."
—Lon.
-Lon. Athensum, 1833, C3S.
S
Mr. Latrobe accompanied Washington Irving in his
Tour on the Prairies. See No. 4. 4. The Rambler in
Mexico in 1834, Lon., 1836, 8vo; N. York, 1836, 12mo.
"Of recent tourists, no one has given a more gorgeous picture
of the impressions made on his senses by these sunry regions than
Latrobe, who came on shore at Tampico,-a traveller, it may be
1062
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LAU
added, whose descriptions of man and nature in our own country,
where we can judge, are distinguished by a sobriety and fairness
that entitle him to confidence in his delineation of other coun-
tries."-Prescott's Hist. of the Conquest of Mexico, 23d ed., Bost.,
1855, i. 7, n. See also 143, n., 183, n., 184, n., 185, n., ii. 373, n.,
382. n., 389, n.
"The reader will have no reason to complain of want of amuse-
ment."-- Westminster Rev.
"Extremely entertaining.”—Eclec. Rev.
especially
See also Dubl. Univ. Mag., viii. 423-435;
the note on p. 423 relative to Dr. Robertson's estimate of
the state of the arts and sciences among the Mexicans at
the time of the Conquest. Of course the reader is fami-
liar with Mr. Prescott's great work quoted from above.
Latrobe, Christian Ignatius, Bishop of the Mo-
ravian Church in London. Journal of a Visit to South
Africa in 1815 and 1816, Lon., 1818, 4to; 2d ed., 1821,
8vo.
"It can only be paralleled, we think, with the interesting and
delightful Icelandic Tour of Dr. Henderson."-Lon. Quar. Rev.,
xxii. 214, q. v.
Latrobe, John Antes, Curate of St. Peter's, Here-
ford. 1. Music of the Church, Lon., 1831, Svo.
See an
article on Church Music in Eclec. Rev., Dec. 1831. 2.
Instructions of Cheaniab, 12mo. 3. Solace of Song, 1837,
p. 8vo.
"These are delightful stanzas, and will win their way into every
bosom. "Tis a volume well worthy a place in every Christian
family library."-Blackw. Mag.
4. Scripture Illustrations, 1838-39, 4to.
"It is an interesting and instructive publication, and places
many texts in a just and striking light.”—Williams's C. P.
5. Sacred Lyrics, 1850, 12mo.
Latrobe, John H. B. The Justices' Practice under
the Laws of Maryland, Balt., 1840, 8vo.
Latta, James. Surgery, Edin., 1794-95, 3 vols. 8vo.
Latter, Mrs. Mary. Poems, &c., 1759-71.
Latton, Patrick. Observations on Dr. Duigenan's
Polit. State of Ireland, 1800, 8vo.
Laud, William, D.D., 1573–1645, a native of Read-
ing, the son of a clothier, educated at St. John's College,
Oxford, of which he became Fellow in 1593; Vicar of
Stamford, 1607; obtained the living of North Kilworth,
1608, and exchanged it for the Rectory of West Tilbury,
Essex, 1609; presented with the living of Cuckstone, Kent,
1610, and soon afterwards exchanged it for Norton; Pre-
sident of St. John's College, Oxford, 1611; Archdeacon
of Huntingdon, 1615; Dean of Gloucester, 1616; Bishop
of St. David's, 1621; of Bath and Wells, 1626; of Lon-
don, 1628; Archbishop of Canterbury, 1633; Chancellor
of Oxford, 1630; Prime Minister, 1633; illegally beheaded,
through the animosity of the Commons, 1645. For further
particulars respecting Laud, see (in addition to the Ilisto-
ries of England) Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit.; Laud's Re-
mains, collected by Henry Wharton, 1695-1700, 2 vols. fol. ;
Prynne's Life of Laud; Heylin's Life of Laud; Prynne's
Breviate Introduc. to his Trial and Hist. of his Trial, 1644,
'45, '46, 3 vols. fol.; May's Hist. of Parliament; Life in
Coates's Hist. of Reading; Clarendon's Hist. of the Re-
bellion; Relation of Laud's Conference with Fisher the
Jesuit, new ed., 1838, Svo, and (6th ed.) in his Works, vol.
ii., 1849, 8vo; Laud's Autobiography, from his Remains,
1839, Svo; Life and Times of Laud, 1573-1645, by J. P.
Lawson, 1829, 2 vols. Svo, (the result of the examination of
upwards of three hundred books and many contemporary
MSS.; reviewed in Brit. Crit., vi. 412;) Life of Laud, by C.
W. Le Bas, 1836, 12mo, (reviewed in Brit. Crit., xix. 354;)
Life of Laud, prefixed to J. W. Hatherell's ed. of Laud's
Serms., 1829, 8vo; Life of Laud, by Rev. John Baines,
1855, Svo; Lowndes's Brit. Lib.; Hallam's Constit. Hist.
of England, 7th ed., 1854, Index; Macaulay's Essays, 1854,
Index; Westm. Rev., xvii. 478; Lon. Month. Rev., cxviii.
317; Lon. Retrosp. Rev., 1823, vii. 49; Blackw. Mag., xxv.
619, xxvii. 179, xxix. 523, 1. 806. A collective ed. of
Laud's Works, in 6 vols. 8vo, (forming part of the Library
of Anglo-Cath. Theol.,) is now in course of publication:
vol. i. 1847; ii. 1850; iii. 1853; iv. 1854; v. Pts. 1 and 2,
1853. The following advertisement has recently been pub.
in the London papers:
"The editor of Archbishop Laud's Works in the Anglo-Catholic
Library has collected materials for an additional volume, which
will contain one hundred and twenty Letters hitherto unpublished,
addressed by the archbishop to King Charles, the Queen of Bohe-
mia, the prince her son, Sir Thomas Rowe, Lord Dorchester, the
two Lords Conway, (the Secretary of State and his son,) Sir John
Lambe, and other correspondents.
"He would be glad to receive information of any of the arch-
bishop's letters or papers which may be preserved in any public or
private collections, and of which he has not already obtained copies.
Communications to be addressed to Messrs. Parker, Oxford."-
May, 1857.
in addition to the Sermons, Autobiography, and Conference
with Fisher, noticed above-Private Devotions, edited by
Faber, 1838, 18mo: again, 1855, 12mo; Liturgy, Episco-
pacy, and Church Ritual, 1840; again, 1847. His Great
Peril of Popery, especially in the matter of the Blessed
Eucharist, will be found in Tracts Angl. Fathers, i. 195.
Charles I., in his parting interview with his daughter, the
Princess Elizabeth, recommended to her perusal Laud's
Relation of his Conference with Fisher the Jesuit, as one
of the best safeguards against Popery. As regards the
character of Laud, the reader has had indicated to him.
ample materials for an examination, and he must form his
own conclusions. We will not, however, pass on to the
next article without a few quotations from several eminent
authorities:
"He was a man of great parts and very exemplary virtues. al-
layed and discredited by some unpopular natural infirmities,-the
greatest of which was (besides a liasty, sharp way of expressing
himself) that he believed innocence of heart and integrity of man-
ners was a guard strong enough to secure any man in his voyage
through this world, in what company soever he travelled and
through what ways soever he was to pass: and sure never any man
No man had ever a
was better supplied with that provision.
rendom's Hist. of the Rebellion.
heart more entire to the king, the church, or his country.”—Cla-
"A man vigilant enough. of an active or rather of a restless
mind; more ambitious to undertake than politic to carry on; of a
disposition too fierce and cruel for his coat, which notwithstanding
he was so far from concealing in a subtle way that he increased
the envy of it by insolence. He had few vulgar and private vices,
as being neither taxed of covetousness, intemperance, nor inconti-
nence; and, in a word, a man not altogether so bad in his personal
character as unfit for the state of England.”—May's Hist. of Par-
liament.
"He was learned, if polemical knowledge could entitle him to
that praise. He was disinterested; but with unceasing industry
he studied to exalt the priestly and prelatical character, which was
his own. He was in this respect happy, that all his enemies
were also imagined by him the declared enemies to loyalty and true
piety, and that every exercise of his anger by that means became,
in his eyes. a merit and a virtue. This was the man who acquired
so great an ascendant over Charles, and who led him, by the faci
lity of his temper, into a conduct which proved so fatal to himself
and to his kingdom."-Hume's Hist. of England.
On this point Mr. Gilpin happily contrasts Cranmer and
Laud:
Laud he would have miscarried in his point: while Charles, with
"It is probable that if Henry had chosen such an instrument as
such a primate as Cranmer, would either have been successful in
his schemes, or at least have avoided the fatal consequences that
ensued."
Mr. Southey hardly concurs with this opinion:
"We are not the apologists of Laud: in some things he was er-
the great scale is ever made conducive to good, produces evil to
roneous, in some imprudent, in others culpable. Evil, which upon
those by whom it comes. The bloody sentences of the Star Chamber
brought down upon him a more tragic catastrophe than he at-
tempted to avert by them; a milder primate could not have saved
the church from her enemies, but he would not have perished by
their hands. And, in return, it cannot be doubted that, when the
treated the Dissenters was in no slight degree exasperated by the
clergy regained their ascendency, the severity with which they
remembrance of his execution."-Lon. Quar. Rev., x. 101–102.
"The person on whom public hatred chiefly fell, and who proved
in a far more eminent degree than any other individual the evil
genius of this unhappy sovereign, was Laud. His talents, though
enabling him to acquire a large portion of theological learning,
seem to have been by no means considerable. There cannot be a
more contemptible work than his Diary; and his letters to Strafford
display some smartness, but no great capacity. He managed, in-
such occasions ordinary men are apt to put forth a remarkable
deed, his own defence, when impeached, with some ability; but on
readiness and energy. . . . And being subject, as his friends call it,
to some infirmities of temper, that is, choleric, vindictive, harsh,
and even cruel to a great degree, he not only took a prominent
share in the severities of the Star Chamber, but, as his correspond-
going further lengths. Laud had amply merited punishment for
ence shows, perpetually lamented that he was restrained from
his tyrannical abuse of power; but his execution at the age of
seventy, without the slightest pretence of political necessity, was
a far more unjustifiable instance of it than any that was alleged
against him."-Hullam's Constit. Hist. of England, 7th ed., Lon.,
1854. ii. 38. 167.
"The Parliament was certainly far from faultless. We fully
agree with Mr. Hallam in reprobating their treatment of Laud.
For the individual, indeed, we entertain a far more unmitigated
contempt than for any other character in our history. The fond-
ness with which a portion of the church regards his memory can
leads a mother to select the monster or the idiot of the family as
be compared only to that perversity of affection which sometimes
the object of her especial favour. . . . Never were faces more
strikingly characteristic of the individuals to whom they belonged
than those of Laud and Strafford, as they still remain portrayed by
the most skilful hand of that age. The mean forehead, the pinched
features, the peering eyes of the prelate suit admirably with his
differing from the fierce and gloomy enthusiast who founded the
disposition. They mark him out as a lower kind of St. Dominic,
Inquisition as we might imagine the familiar imp of a spiteful
witch to differ from an archangel of darkness. When we read his
grace's judgments, when we read the report which he drew up,
setting forth that he had sent some separatists to prison and in-
Of detached pieces there have been lately reprinted-ploring the royal aid against others, we feel a movement of indig
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LAU
nation. We turn to his Diary, and we are at once as cool as con-
to pt can make us. Here was a man to have the superintend-
ence of the opinions of a great nation!”—T. B. MACAULAY: Essays,
1854, i. 159-160, 424-425.
•
•
Mr. Macaulay has, within the last few weeks, reiterated
his contempt for the prelate's intellectual powers: in his
Life of Johnson, written for the 8th edition of the Ency-75, 4to. 2. Hist. of Ancient Egypt, 1774, 8vo.
Laughton, George, D.D. 1. Serm., Lon., 1773,
clopædia Britannica, he cites a striking instance of the
3. Reply
extent to which the lexicographer's Jacobitical prejudices
to Chap. XV. of Gibbon's Decline and Fall, 1780, '86, 4to.
had blunted his critical acumen :
4. Serms., 1790, Svo.
“Laud-a poor creature who never did, said, or wrote any thing
indicating more than the ordinary capacity of an old woman—was
a prodigy of parts and learning, over whose tomb Art and Genius
still continued to weep.”
But, however little the archbishop may himself have
contributed to the Republic of Letters, it is not to be for-
gotten that he did much to furnish others for greater use-
fulness in this cause than he was able to exert personally:
he made valuable donations of books and MSS. to the
Bodleian Library, founded a professorship of Arabic in
the University of Oxford, and bestowed ecclesiastical pre-
ferment on the ever-memorable John Hales, who had ad-
vanced views of church government directly contrary to
his own favourite theories.
ship also pub. tracts on the Currency, the Sinking-Fund,
Corn Laws, &c. See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1839, Pt. 2, 538:
McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 1845, 15; Blackw. Mag.,
viii. 581, x. 674, n., xv. 644, 649, 652, xvi. 36, xxii. 249,
xxxix. 825.
Lauder, Rev. Alexander. Jurisdiction and Power
of Ancient Bishops; in answer to Chillingworth, &c., Edin.,
1707, Svo.
Lauder, George. The Scottish Souldier, Edin.,
1629, 4to; 1645; Auchinleck Press, 1818, 4to.
Poems. See David Laing's Various Pieces of Fugitive
Scotch Poetry; Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1101.
Other
Laune, De. See DELAaune.
Laurence. See LAWRENCE.
Laurence of Durham, d. about 1149, wrote a
Scriptural History in 9 books, in Latin elegiacs, under the
title of Hypognosticon, a Latin poem styled Consolatio
pro morte Amici, and some other poetical pieces. Sce
Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-Norman Period.
Laurence. The Book of Job, &c., Dubl, 1828, 8vo.
See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 152; Lon. Chris. Exam., vol. v
Laurence, Mrs. Amer. ed. of Richard Magnall's
Historical and Miscell. Questions. N. York, 12mo.
Laurence, Andrew. Medical works, 1593-1661.
Laurence, Anthony. Nurseries, Orchards, Pro-
fitable Gardens and Vineyards Encouraged, &c., Lon-,
1677, 4to.
Laurence, French, LL.D., M.P., d. 1809, best
known as the friend of Edmund Burke, pub. Critical Re-
marks on Detached Passages of the New Testament,
particularly the Revelation of St. John, Oxford, 1810, 8vo,
wrote some of the Probationary Odes in conjunction with
Mr. Richardson, and contributed to the Annual Register.
He was in 1797 appointed Regius Professor of Civil Law
in the University of Oxford. A vol. of Laurence's Cor-
respondence with Burke was pub. in 1827, Svo, and "the
most interesting portion" of these letters was repub. in the
collection of Burke's Works issued by F. & J. Rivington,
London, 1852, 8 vols. 8vo.
Burke, with his usual modesty, rated his friend's inte)-
lectual abilities far beyond his own:
"But all this I must leave to your judgment, which, with less par-
liamentary experience, has infinitely more natural power, than
Lauder, Sir John. See FOUNTAINHALL, LORD.
Lauder, Sir Thomas Dick, Bart., 1784-1848, the
only son of Sir Andrew Lauder, the sixth Baronet of
Fountainhall, Haddingtonshire, succeeded his father in the
baronetcy in 1830. Sir Thomas was considered one of the
most successful imitators of Scott in the walks of Scottish
fiction. 1. Lochandhu; a Romance, 1825, 3 vols. 12mo.
2. The Wolfe of Badenoch; a Romance, 1827, 3 vols. 12mo.
3. The Floods in Moray in 1829, Svo, 1830, 148.; large
paper, 218. See Blackw. Mag., xlvi. 127. 4. Highlandmine ever had, when it was at the best. . . . My dear friend, you
Rambles, with Long Tales to shorten the Way, 1837, 2 vols.
p. Svo.
5. Legendary Tales of the Highlands, 1841, 3 vols.
12mo. 6. Tour round the Coasts of Scotland. 7. Memo-
rial of the Royal Progress in Scotland in 1842, 4to, 1843,
£2 28.; large paper, r. 4to. Sir Thomas also edited Gilpin's
Forest Scenery, Sir Uvedale Price's work on the Pictu-
resque, (1842, 8vo,) The Miscellany of Natural History,
(with Capt. Thomas Brown,) 1833, &c., and was a contri-
butor to Thom. Ann. Philos.; Edin. Encyc.; Mrs. John-
stone's Edinburgh Tales; Trans. Royal Soc. of Edin.;
Blackwood's and Tait's Magazines, &c. See Chambers and
Thomson's Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, v. 370; Lon.
Gent. Mag., 1848, Pt. 2, 91; Blackw. Mag., xxviii. 145,
xxxix. 287, 288; Lon. Athenæum, 1833, 802, 803; JAR-
PINE, SIR WILLIAM, Bart., in this Dictionary.
will have the goodness to excuse the interposition of an exhausted
and sickly judgment like mine, at its best infirm, with a mind
like yours, the most robust that ever was made."-Burke to Lau-
rence, Feb. 10, 1797: Burke's Works, ed. 1852, ii. 369, 370.
dowed men, in some respects, that ever appeared in public life. He
"He [Laurence] was, indeed, one of the most singularly en
united in himself the indefatigable labour of a Dutch commentator
with the alternate playfulness and sharpness of a Parisian wit."-
Lord Brougham's Statesmen of the Time of George III., ed. 1856, iL
74-79, q. v.
Lauder, William. Office and Devotion of Kyngis,
&c., 1556. Sold at Sotheby's, 1827, £25 10s. This poem is
reprinted in The Crypt. See Edin. Rev., Nos. 94 and 95.
Lauder, William, d. at Barbadoes in 1771, a native
of Scotland, made himself infamous by a base attempt to
prove Milton a plagiarist. This piece of rascality, and its
exposure, have already come under our notice: see Doug-
LAS, JOHN; KIRKPATRICK, J., M.D.; and the authorities
referred to below. The publications which conferred such
unenviable notoriety upon Lauder were-1. Essay on
Milton's Use and Imitation of the Moderns in his Paradise
Lost, Lon., 1751, 8vo. 2. Letter to the Rev. Mr. Douglas;
occasioned by his Vindication of Milton, 1751, 4to. 3.
The Grand Impostor Detected; or, Milton Convicted of
Forgery against Charles I., 1754, Svo. The last piece
was composed after Lauder's written confession (dictated
by Dr. Johnson) of his imposture. He pub. some other |
matters. See Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Chalmers's Life of
Ruddiman; Hawkins's Life of Johnson; Boswell's Life
of Johnson; Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors; Chambers
and Thomson's Biog. Diet. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, iii.
356; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Lon. Gent. Mag., Index.
See also his lordship's review of Burke's and Laurence's
Correspondence, 1827, Svo in Edin. Rev., xlvi. 269–303.
Laurence, George. Laurentius Lutherizans; or,
The Protestations of G. Laurence, Lon., 16-12, 4to.
Laurence, John. Serm., &c., 1717, both Svo.
Laurence, Richard, LL.D., 1760-1839, brother of
Dr. French Laurence, became Rector of Mersham, Kent;
Regius Prof. of Hebrew and Canon of Christ Church,
Oxford, 1814; Archbishop of Cashel, 1822. Dr. Laurence.
pub. a number of learned theological works, among the
best-known of which are his Bampton Lectures for 1804,
3d ed., 1838, 8vo; On the Unitarian Version of the N.
Test., 1811, 8vo; On Griesbach's ed. of the New Test.,
1814, 8vo; Ascensio Isaim vatis, 1819, 8vo; Book of Enoch,
1821, 8vo, nèw ed., 1838, 2 vols. Svo; Primi Ezræ Liber,
1820, Svo. See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1839, Pt. 1, 205; Horne's
Bibl. Bib.; Williams's C. P.; Orme's Bibl. Bib.; Lowndes's
Brit. Lib., 106, 847; Brit. Crit., N. S., i. 173-192, 296– •
315, 401-428; Eclec. Rev., N. S., iv. 1-22, 173–189.
|
Dr.
L. was a contributor to the Monthly Review and the An-
nual Register.
Laurence, Rev. Robert F. Theolog. treatises,
1847-50.
Laurence, Roger, consecrated a bishop among the
Non-jurors, 1733, pub. a number of treatises on Lay Bap-
tism, &c., 1711-14. Of his Lay Baptism Invalid, and
Dissenters' Baptism Null and Void, a new ed. was pub.
by Wm. Scott, 1841, 12mo.
Lauderdale, Hon. James Maitland, eighth
Earl of, 1759-1839, was best known as the author of An
Enquiry into the Nature and Origin of Public Wealth, &c.,
Edin., 1804, &c.; 2d ed., 1819, 8vo; in French, Paris,
1808, 8vo. This was reviewed by Lord Brougham in
Edin. Rev., iv. 343. The review elicited Observations on
the Review by his Lordship, 1804, Svo, and the Observa-
tions provoked a sharp rejoinder by the reviewer, entitled
Thoughts suggested by Lord Lauderdale's Observations
pon the Edinburgh Review, Lon., 1805, Svo. His Lord-
Laurence, Thomas. Serms., 1635, '37.
Laurent, Peter Edmund. 1. German Gramınar,
1818, 12mo. 2. Recollections of a Classical Tour in
Greece, Turkey, and Italy in 1818-19, Lon., 1821, 4to.
"Written by a scholar and a gentleman."-Lon. Lit. Gaz.
"A valuable addition to the information already known.”—Lom.
Lit. Chron.
3. Ancient Geography, 1832, 8vo; 1840, 8vo.
"A companion to the library more useful can nowhere be
found."—Lon. Lit. Gaz.
4. German Grammar and Dictionary, 1847, 12mo.
1
1064
LAU
LAW
Laurie, David. 1. Proposed Improvements in Glas- | Lancashire, educated at St. John's Coll., Camb.; Maste.
gow, Glasg., 1810, 8vo. 2. East India Monopoly, 1813.
Laurie, James 1. Interest-Tables, Edin., 1776,
8vo; 20th ed., Lon., 855, 8vo.
"In the great requisites of simplicity of arrangement and com-
prehensiveness, we have seen none better adapted for general use."
-McCulloch's Commercial Dictionary.
of Peter House, Camb., 1756; Bishop of Carlisle, 1769
1. Trans. into English of Archbishop King's Essay on the
Origin of Evil: see KING, William, D.D., No. 2. 2. In-
quiry into the Ideas of Space, Time, &c., 1735. 3. Con-
siderations on the Theory of Religion, &c., Camb., 1745,
'49, '55, '65, 8vo; Lon., 1774, 8vo; 7th ed., Carlisle, 1784,
Svo; new ed., by George Henry Law, D.D., Bp. of Chester
with Life of Bp. E. Law by Wm. Paley, D.D., Lon., 1820,
8vo. The Appendix, concerning the use of the word Soui
in Holy Scripture, and the state of Death there described,
was thought to favour materialisin; and it elicited a warm
discussion,-being attacked by George Campbell, (6tlı Dis-
sertation,) Goddard, and John Steffe, (seven Letters,
1758,) and defended by Francis Blackburn and Mr.
Pickard. See Orme's Bibl. Bib.; Bickersteth's C. S. 4.
Life, &c. of Christ, Camb., 1749, 8vo. Reprinted; also
included in No. 3. 5. Serms., 1755, 4to. 6. Serm., New-
cast., 1768, 8vo. 7. Serm., Lon., 1771, 4to. 8. Serm.,
1774, 4to. 9. Ed. of the Works of John Locke, with the
Life of the Author, and a Preface, 1777, 3 vols. 4to. Bishop
Law was a man of learning; but an eminent modern au
thority, citing from the prelate's Notes to King's Essay on
the Origin of Evil, and his own Inquiry into the Ideas
of Space, Time, &c., remarks:
2. Manual of Foreign Exchanges, 1851, 32mo. Other
commercial manuals.
“Mr. Laurie was well known as one of the most correct and in-
dustrious authorities on commercial calculations, and the practical
value of his various tables has long been recognised.”—Løn, Times.
A pension has been recently (1856) granted to Mr.
Laurie's widow from the Royal Bounty Fund.
Laurie, Joseph, M.D. Works on Homoeopathic
Practice of Physic, Lon., 1841–51.
Laurie, R. Serm., Edin., 1660, 4to.
Laurie, Robert. Sailing-Directions, 1811, 8vo.
Laurie, Thomas. Con. to Edin. Med. Ess., 1740.
Laurie, Thomas, D.D., minister of Newburn, Scot-
land. Lectures, Edin., 1837. 8vo.
Laurie, Thomas, b. May 19. 1821, at Edinburgh,
Scotland, and arrived in the U. S., 1830; sailed from
sailed from
Boston as Missionary to the Mountain Nestorians under
the A. B. C. F. M., 1842; returned in 1846, on account of
ill-health. 1. Dr. Grant and the Mountain Nestorians, |
Bost., 1853, pp. 418; 3d ed., 1856, 12mo. 2. Contrib. to
Bibliotheca Sacra, Visit to the Yezidees, Biblical Illus-
trations, &c. See GRANT, ASAHEL, M.D.
Lauson, W. John Davors's Secrets of Angling;
augmented by W. L. from ed. of 1652, 1812, 8vo.
Laussat, Antony, Jr. An Essay on Equity in
Pennsylvania, Phila., 1826, 8vo. Few legal treatises have
elicited such warm encomiums as this, written when the
author was a law-student. Mr. Laussat died at an early
age. See Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 447; Eunomus's third
Letter to Sir Robert Peel; Hoff. Leg. Stu., 405; 4 U. S.
Lit. Gaz., 201; 6 Amer. Jur., 452, xiii. 466; Jones's
Eulogy on Laussat, 12; Parke's Introd. Lect. to King's
Coll.; 4 Kent's Com., 164; Story's Eq. Jur., i. 62; N.
Amer. Rev., (by G. S. Hillard,) xlvi. 72. See also Fox-
BLANQUE, JOHN DE GRENIER, No. 1.
"An admirable book for any man, a wonderful book for a student
to write."-5 Lon. Law Mag., 142.
Lavender, Theophilus. Travels of Four English-
men and a Preacher into Africa, Asia, Troy, Bythinia,
Thracia, and to the Black Sea, Lon., 1612, 4to.
Lavington, Dr. Med. con. to Phil. Trans., 1765.
Lavington, George, 1683-1762, Bishop of Exeter,
1746, pub. some occasional serms., &c., and a work which
involved him in a controversy with Wesley,-viz.: The
Enthusiasm of Methodists and Papists Compared, Lon.,
1749, 3 Pts. 8vo; new ed., with addits. by Rev. R. Pol-
whele.
(6
"A most desirable and valuable digest of the Statute Law re-
lating to the clergy, their rights, their duties, and their property, a
work calculated to save them the immense trouble and the task of
wading through the whole mass of the statutes, by bringing before
their immediate notice every particular from that collection which
concerns them."
Law, John. Calendarium Lunæ Perpetuum, Glasg.,
1699, 4to.
Composed well enough."-BP. Warburton.
See Pol-
Such attacks
Edinburgh, 1671, d. at Venice, 1729, pub. Proposals and
Law, John, of Lauriston, "The Projector," b. at
Reasons for constituting a Council of Trade in Scotland,
Bp. L. pub. in 1755, Svo, The Moravians Compared 1701, 51, 12mo; Money and Trade Considered, 1705, '20,
and Detected, which is referred to by Southey in his Cor-50, 60, Svo; and other tracts connected with his specula-
respondence, letter to C. W. W. Wynn, 1805.
tions. A vol., entitled Œuvres de J. Law, was pub. at
whele's Hist. of Devonshire, vol. i. p. 313.
Paris in 1790, Svo. See John Philip Wood's Memoirs of
upon fellow-Christians are in the worst possible taste,-to Law, 1824, 12mo; Full and Impartial Account of the
say the least.
Company of Mississippi, 1720, Svo; Wood's State of the
Parish of Cramond, 1794, 4to; Justamond's trans. of the
Life of Louis XV.; Voltaire's Siècle de Louis XV.; Dict
Hist.; Nichols's Leicestershire; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.
;
Prof. Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist., Lect. xxvii; Chambers
and Thomson's Biog. Diet. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855,
vol. iii. 361; Washington Irving's Wolfert's Roost, and
other Papers, now first collected, N. York, 1855, 154-192.
(The Great Mississippi Bubble.)
Mr. Wood's Memoirs of Law will be found full of in-
terest:
"It is worth the while of those multitudes of all classes who are
engaging so eagerly, and often so heedlessly, in joint-stock and
funding speculations, to read the story of the most stupendous
scheme of the kind ever conceived, a scheme which absorl ed the
madness, confounded all conditions, raising beggars to boundless
resources of a powerful kingdom, infected a nation with temporary
wealth and casting down princes to penury.”
Lavington, John, Jr. Serms., 1743-90.
Lavington, Samuel, 1726-1807, pastor of an Inde-
pendent Congregation at Bridgewater, 1752-1807. 1. Serms.
and other Discourses: 3d ed., vols. i. and ii., Svo, 1815,
vol. iii., 1824, 8vo, with Memoirs.
"Original and striking.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
"Deserve to be studied as models by students and juvenile minis-
ters."-Eclectic Rev.
2. Serms. to Young People, 1815, 12mo; again, 1837,
18mo; 1854, 18mo. 3. Sacramental Meditations, 1849,
18mo.
Lavor, Henry. Predestination, Lon., 1646, 12mo.
Law, Alexander, William Stewart, John
Dickson, and Robert Craigie, advocates. 1. Deci-
sions of the Ct. of Session from Nov. 1779 to August,
1781, Edin., 1783, fol. 2. Decisions from Nov. 1781 to
August, 1787, fol., 17SS.
"In his own original speculations he is weak, paradoxical, and
oracular; affecting, on all occasions, the most profound veneration
for the opinions of Locke, but much more apt to attach himself to
errors and oversights of that great man than to enter into the
general spirit of his metaphysical philosophy."-DUGALD STEWART:
First Dissert. to Encyc. Brit., 7th ed., 170, and n.
Bishop Law was the father of Lord Ellenborough, of
the Bishop of Elphin, and of the Bishop of Bath and
Wells.
Law, Andrew, d. at Cheshire. Conn., 1821, was for
forty years a teacher of music. He invented four cha-
racters to express the four syllables of music. 1. Collec-
tion of Hymn Tunes and Hymns, Cheshire, Conn., 8. a.,
but pub. in 1782, according to Hood's Hist. of Music. 2.
Rudiments of Music, 1783. 3. Musical Primer on a New
Plan, with the Four Characters, 1803. 4. Musical Maga-
zine, 1804. Law (who was author of "Archdale") and
Billings were the earliest known American composers of
music. See Hood's Hist. of Music.
Law, Edmund, D.D., 1703-1787, a native of Cartmel,
Law, George Henry, D.D., 1761-1845, second son
of the preceding, became Bishop of Chester, 1812, and of
Bath and Wells, 1824. He pub. a number of Serms.,
Charges, &c., for a list of which, and a biographical notice
of the author, see Lon. Gent. Mag., 1845, Pt. 2, 529.
Law, Rev. James T. 1. Expos. of the Apostles'
Creed, Lon., 8vo. 2. Church-Building Act, 1842, Svo.
3. Forms of Eccles. Law; 2d ed., 1844, 8vo. 4. Acts for
Building Addit. Churches, 1847, Svo. 5. Eccles. Statutes-
at-Large, 1847, 5 vols. Svo.
·
Law, John, D.D., Archdeacon of Rochester. Serms.
and Charges, 1768-1817.
Law, Richard. Epist. to Addington, 1803.
Law, Rev. Robert. Memorials, &c. of Things,
1638-1684; od. by C. L. Sharpe, Edin., 1818, 4to. This
is a collection of tales of witches and wizards.
Law, Thomas. Physic for the Poor, 1657.
Law, Thomas. On Bengal, &c., 1792, '94, both Svo.
Law, W. J. Law of Insolvency, &c., Lon., 1843, 8vo.
Law, William, 1686-1761, an eminent Non-juring
divine, a native of King's Cliffe, Northamptonshire,
entered of Emanuel Coll., Camb., 1705; Fellow, 1711;
1065
LAW
LAW
officiated for some time as a curate in London; vacated
his Fellowship in 1716, and subsequently took up his re-
sidence at Putney, as tutor to Edward Gibbon, father of
the historian; about 1740 became chaplain and almoner
to Mrs. Hester Gibbon (sister to his late pupil) and Mrs.
Elizabeth Hutcheson, at King's Cliffe, and remained with
these ladies (the three living in a house owned by Wm.
Law) for the rest of his life. A collective ed. of his works
-principally consisting of controversial tracts (against
Hoadly, Mandeville, Trapp, and Warburton) and theo-
logical treatises-was pub. in 1762, 9 vols. 8vo. To these
vols. must be added Serm., Tit. iii. 1, 1713, Svo; Serm.,
1 Cor. xii. 3, 1718, 8vo; and Letters to a Lady inclined
to Enter the Church of Rome, 12mo. In his controversy
with Bishop Hoadly, which has already been referred to,
(see p. 852,) Law is thought to have acquitted himself
with great credit:
"When at Oxford, I took up Law's Serious Call to a Holy Life,
expecting to find it a dull book (as such books generally are) and
perhaps laugh at it. But I found Law quite an overmatch for me;
and this was the first occasion of my thinking in earnest of reli-
gion after I became capable of rational inquiry.... He [Johnson)
much commended Law's Serious Call, which, he said, was the
finest piece of hortatory theology in any language."-Boswell's
Life of Johnson.
The extravagance of this praise makes it ridiculous.
Did Dr. Johnson understand all the languages of the
world, and had he read all the hortatory theology written
in those languages? We quote some more opinions upon
the Serious Call:
|
"Mr. Law's master-piece-the Serious Call-is still read as a
popular and powerful book of devotion. His precepts are rigid,
but they are founded on the gospel; his satire is sharp, but it is
drawn from the knowledge of human life; and many of his por-
traits are not unworthy of the pen of La Bruyère. If he finds a
spark of piety in his reader's mind he will soon kindle it to a
flame; and a philosopher must allow that he exposes with equal
severity and truth the strange contradiction between the faith and
practice of the Christian world."-EDWARD GIBBON, the historian:
Miscell. Works, where read his eulogy of the excellent Law.
"I am surprised that Johnson should have pronounced William
Law no reasoner. Law did indeed fall into great errors; but they-JoHN WESLEY.
were errors against which logic affords no security. In mere dia-
lectical skill he had very few superiors. That he was more than
once victorious over Hoadly no candid Whig will deny."-T. B.
MACAULAY: Hist. of England, vol. iii. chap. xiv., 1856.
Jones of Nayland commends Law's Three Letters to
Bishop Hoadly as specimens of accurate argumentation.
But Johnson did full justice to the work by which Law is
best known to the present generation:
"Next to the perspicuity of its style-if not, indeed, still more
than by this-the power of this volume to interest the reader, as
well as to fortify its own statements, is mightily increased by the
sketches of living character with which it is interspersed."-REV.
DAVID YOUNG, of Perth.
"This excellent treatise is written in a strong and nervous
style, and abounds with many new and sublime thoughts: in a
word, one may say of this book, as Sir Richard Steele did of a dis-
course of Dr. South's, that it has in it whatever wit and wisdom
can put together."-Clergymen's Letter: Gent. Mag., Nov. 1800.
"Eminently useful to thoughtless and worldly minds, but
greatly wanting in the exhibitions of evangelical motives. At the
end of a valuable abridgment published at York, these motives are
suggested.”—Bickersteth's C. §.
"Law's treatise of Christian Perfection is very famous; his
Serious Call much better."-DR. DODDRIDGE.
Of the Treatise on Christian Perfection it has been
remarked:
"Herein is seen what Mr. Law would have had Methodism to be,
-the perfection of spiritual religion, according to the elemental
principles of the Established Church of England,-the full develop-
ment of experimental Christianity.”
"There are some female characters sketched with exquisite
delicacy and deep knowledge of nature, in a book where one would
not expect to find them,-in Law's Christian Perfection."-DR.
WARTON.
Law's Humble, Earnest, and Affectionate Address to
the Clergy, (1762, 8vo; new ed., 1843, 8vo;) recom-
riended to candidates for holy orders by Bishop Burgess.
See Short Account of the Life and Writings of Mr. Law,
by Richard Tighe, 1813, Svo; Jones's Life of Bishop
Horne; Life of Law prefixed to Mary Ann Kelty's Spi-
ritual Fragments selected from his Works, 1838, 8vo;
Dr. David Young's Essay prefixed to the Serious Call,
Lon., 1838, 12mo; Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Lon. Gent. Mag.,
vol. xx. There have been several vols. of Selections from
Law's writings, and many of his treatises have been
repub. within the last few years. We should not omit to
add that Law is often inaccurately stated to be the editor
of the English ed. of the works of Jacob Behmen, which
bears his name on its title page, though undoubtedly some
of Law's writings display evidence of the influence of the
mysticism which distinguishes the reveries of the Teutonic
philosopher.
to have seen unutterable things. Were it even so, Jacob would
have resembled St. Paul still more by not attempting to utter
them."-DR. JOHNSON.
"Law fell latterly into the reveries of Jacob Behmen, whom Law
alleged to have been somewhat in the same state with St. Paul, and
•
"Law was a powerful writer;
reasonableness and necessity of a holy life, and his want of percep
but, with his views of the
tion of those all-refreshing and comforting views of the gospel
which distinguish the apostolic writings and the writings of the
Reformers, or, at least, keeping them, as he did, in the background,
ended in mysticism."-REV. E. BICKERSTETH.
it is not surprising that he fell into the reveries of Behmen and
"Law's speculations were of the boldest character, and founded
upon principles no less visionary than extravagant."-Lon. Quar.
Rev.
"Ilis works are very unequal,-some of them bearing a strong
tendency."-DR. E. WILLIAMS.
tincture of mysticism, while others are of an excellent practical
He was a moral philosopher as well as a theologian, and the
man who would combat statements or escape from his practical
conclusions has more to do than shut his eyes to the evidence of
revelation."-DR. DAVID YOUNG.
"The writings of the Rev. William Law will remain an everlast·
ing testimony of the strength and purity of the English language.”
"His writings have a severity seldom to be found; his language
is generally just and beautiful and very nervous; but he is too
ready to affect points of wit and strokes of satire, in which he does
not equal South. Many of his characters are excellently drawn,
in which he comes nearer the Jesuits than any writer in English."
-DR. Doddridge.
•
"His works possess a very high rank in English literature:
great ease, purity, copiousness, and correctness place them among
the purest and most classical models of English composition; and
in pregnancy of wit, poignancy of irony, dexterity of argument,
and justness of conclusion, they are nearly unrivalled."-British
Critic.
•
Lon., 1585. 2. Execution of Three Witches, 1589.
Lawe, Thomas. 1. Margaret Hacket v. Nelson,
Lawes, Edward. 1. Declaration on Bills of Ex-
change, &c., Lon., 1842, 12mo; 2d ed., 1844, 12mo. See
25 Leg. Obs., 102, xxviii. 275. 2. Rules and Orders of the
Superior Cts., 1845, Svo. See 29 Leg. Obs., 440. 3. Pro-
ceed. under the Metropol. Build. Act, 1847, 12mo. 4. Act
for Promoting the Public Health, 1848, 12mo; 3d ed.,
1851, 12mo. 5. With T. W. Saunders, Bail Ct. Reports.
Actions, Lon., 1806, Svo; 1st Amer. ed., Portsmouth,
Lawes, Edward H. V. 1. Pleading in Civil
1SUS, Svo. See 5 Month. Anth., 162. 2. Pleading in
Assumpsit, Lon., 1810, r. 8vo; 1st Amer. ed., with Notes
by Joseph Story, Bost., 1811, Svo.
3. Charter Parties, &c., Lon., 1813, Svo.
See 8 Amer. Jur., 82.
"This treatise contains a more circumstantial exposition of the
nature of Charter Parties and Bills of Lading than is to be found
in any other language."-Introd. to Jacobson's Sea Laws, 32.
4. Suggestions on Practice, Pleading, &c., 1827, 8vo.
Lawes, Henry, 1600-1662, an eminent composer
of music, the friend of Milton, Waller, and Herrick, puh.
Choice Psalmes, (in conjunction with his brother Wil-
liam,) 1648, 4to; (reprinted;) and three sets of Ayres
and Dialogues, 1653, '56, '69, all fol. Many of his com-
positions appear in the poetical publications of the day.
See Hawkins's and Burney's Histories of Music; Warton's
Milton; Todd's Milton; Milton's Sounets and his Comus.
Lawes, William, a composer of music, brother of
the preceding, J. v. See also his Life by Dr. Burney in
Rees's Cyc.
Lawkenny, Nich. Motion in H. of C., 1647, 4to.
Lawler, C. F. Selim; a Tale, 1803, 12mo.
Lawler, Dennis. Poems, &c., 1804–13.
Lawn, Buxton. Corn Trade, 1801, 8vo.
Lawne, Chris. Schisme of the Brownists, 1612.
Lawne, William. Calvin's Institutes, 1585.
Lawnind, John, Putney. Projects, 1648, 4to.
Lawrance. See LAWREnce.
Lawrance, Miss H. 1. Historical Memoirs of the
Queens of England
Queens of England from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth
Century, Lon., 1839, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. The History of
Woman in England, and her Influence on Society and
Literature, 1843, cr. 8vo. 3. The Treasure-Seeker's
Daughter, 1852, 12mo.
Lawrance, R. The Wolf Stripped of Sheep's
Clothing, Lon., 1647, 4to.
Lawrence, Miss. Collection of Roses, Lon., 1796-
99, fol.; comprised in 91 coloured plates.
Lawrence, Mrs. Poems. Reviewed by F. W. P.
Greenwood, in Chris. Exam., vii. 59.
Lawrence, Amelia W., editor of The Drawing-
Room Scrap-Book, Phila., 1850, 4to; 20 illustrations.
Lawrence, Andrew, celebrated painter, an
Englishman, but long a resident of Paris, flourished
about 1750. H. G. Bohn advertises in his catalogue for
1848, vol. i. p. 268, 78 of this artist's plates, Pagis and
London, 1741-56, bound in 1 vol. atlas fol., for 12 12я.
Prefixed is a MS. Life of Lawrence and a list of plates.
by Thos. Major, 1785.
1066
LAW
LAW
"In the taste, judgment, and pleasing variety of his work, Law-
ence never had an equal, and perhaps never may hereafter, as it
seems to be the ne plus ultra of that art, for in it all the requisites
ure united."-T. MAJOR.
Lawrence, Edmund. Serms., 1662, '90.
Lawrence, Edward, d. 1695, aged about 68.
Serms, on Matt. viii. 5-13; 2d ed., Lon., 1672, am. 8vo.
Lawrence, Edward. 1. Young Surveyor's Guide,
Lon., 1726, 12mo. 2. Duty of a Steward to his Lord,
1727, 4to. See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog., 47.
14
Lawrence, Edward A., Prof. in the Theolog.
Seminary, East Windsor Hill, Conn. Discourse at the
Discourse at the
Funeral of Rev. Leonard Woods, D.D., Aug. 28, 1854.
Lawrence, Eugene, an American author. Lives
of the British Historians, New York, 1855, 2 vols. 12mo.
The series extends from Gildas to Charles James Fox,
and Mr. Lawrence proposes, should the work be favour-
ably received, to continue the series down to the death
of Arnold." (Preface, N. York, 1855.) The condition being
met, the author is called upon to fulfil his implied promise.
"His style is pure, chaste, flexible, transparent, and unambi-
tious. Ile evidently has studied his subjects thoroughly and by
the best lights at his command."-North American Review, April,
1856, lxxxii. 574.
"He has produced a work in all essentials impartial, judicious,
luminous, elegant, interesting, and valuable. We attach each of
these epithets to it advisedly, and we can assure our readers that
they will not find any of them undeserved or exaggerated. Mr.
Lawrence writes like a scholar and a gentleman, with acumen,
spirit, and taste. He has chosen a good subject and treated it
thoroughly well.”—London Critic, April 1, 1856.
"Want of minute accuracy and precision of information, although
fatal to any enlarged usefulness from his work, do not hinder it
from being light and agreeable reading. . . . He promises a con-
tinuation. Before he ventures upon it, we should advise him to
enlarge the range of his reading upon our literary history. He
has a style and pictorial power which might be useful if exercised
about subjects which had been carefully studied."-Lon. Athen.,
May 10, 1856, 585.
Lawrence, Frederick. Life of Henry Fielding;
with Notices of his Writings, his Times, and his Contem-
poraries, Lon., 1855, p. Svo.
"A biography more interesting in itself. or more captivating
from the graceful ease of its style, has seldom issued from the
press."-Lom. Standard.
"A book executed with great good taste, and very satisfactorily."
-Lom. Examiner.
"Creditable alike to his judgment and taste."-Lon. Athenæum,
1855, 1296; and see 1339, 1370.
Lawrence, John, d. 1732, Preb. of Salisbury, 1723,
pub. several works on gardening and agriculture, Lon.,
1714-28. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Donaldson's Agricult.
Biog., 47.
Lawrence, John, pub. several works on horses,
cattle, agriculture, &c., Lon., 1796-1810. See Watt's
Bibl. Brit.; Donaldson's Agricult. Biog., 81.
Plantation, 1655, 4to. 3. The Interest of Ireland in its
Trade and Wealth stated, in 2 Pts., Lon., 1682, 8vo.
Lawrence, Richard. Gospel Separation, 1657.
Lawrence, Richard. On Horses, 1801, '09, bcth
Svo.
“A valuable treatise.”—Bickersteth's C.S.
Lawrence, R. 1. Sacerdotal Powers, Lon., 1713,
Svo. 2. Lay Baptism Invalid, 2 Pts. Svo, 1712-13; Supp.,
1714, 8vo.
Lawrence, Robert F., b. 1810, in New York.
1848.
Lectures to Youth, Bost.,
Lawrence, Thomas. On Cockle, Muscle, and Oys-
ter Shells, Lon., 1664, Svo.
1
Lawrence, Thomas, 1711–1783, the author of the
Latin biographical memoir prefixed to the College of Phy-
sicians' ed. of Harvey's Works, (see p. 797 of this Die-
tionary,) also pub.-1. Oratio Anniversaria Harveiana,
Lon., 1748, 8vo. 2. Dissert. Med. de Hydrope, 1756, Svo.
3. Prælectiones Med. Duodecim, 1757, 59, Svo: chiefly
physiological, concerning the brain and nervous systein.
4. Prælectiones de Natura Musculorum, 1759, Svo. 5. On
the Effects of Lightning; Phil. Trans., 1764. He also
wrote a Latin Life (not pub.) of Francis Nichols, M.D.
Dr. Lawrence (a descendant of Henry Lawrence, the
friend of Milton, ante) is best known to the present
generation as the valued acquaintance of Dr. Johnson.
Literaria; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. Ivii.
See Hawkins's and Boswell's Lives of Johnson; Censura
Lawrence, Sir Thomas, 1769-1830, an eminent
painter, succeeded Benjamin West as President of the
Royal Academy in 1820. The following
The following collections of
plates, from the works of this celebrated artist, are well
worth the attention of the amateur. 1. Sir Thomas Law-
rence's Choicest Works: fifty plates, engraved by Cou-
sins, Ward, &c., fol., £12 128.; proofs, £18 18., large
paper, r. fol.; proofs, £31 108. Biographical and critical
notices are attached to each plate. These plates should
accompany the folio ed. of Lodge's Portraits. 2. Cabinet
of Gems: portraits of children, women, &c., 13 plates,
imp. 4to, 11 by 9, engraved by Lewis, £1 18.
C
• Spirit, brilliancy, precision of drawing, and character. His
excellencies are allied to the Flemish School, reminding one, from
the precision and power of his drawing. of Van Dyck and Lely,-
graceful, spiritual, high-bred elegance, predominance of intellect."
JAMESON.
Lawrence, George. Serm., Lon., 1658, 4to.
Lawrence, Henry, a friend of Milton, who dedicates
his 20th Sonnet to Lawrence. 1. Of our Communion and
Warre with Angels, Lon., 1646, 4to; Amst., 1652, 4to;
Lon., 1652, 4to. See British Biographer, No. 4; Todd's
ed. of Milton's Poetical Works. 2. Vindic. of the Scrip-
tures, &c., 1649, 4to. 3. Gospel Ordinances, 1652, 4to.
Lawrence, James Henry, pub. some poems and
other works in German and English, the best-known of
which is The Empire of the Nairs, (in German, Berlin,rence's
1801; in English, Lon., 1813, 4 vols. 12mo,) already no-
ticed by us in our Life of Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin.
Lawrence, John. Orbis Emperantis Tabellæ, 1685,
12mo.
"His best pieces, when put beside the master-pieces of Vandyke
or Titian, appear so inferior that an Englishman turns aside with
mortification.
pictures immense, during his life; but both have sensibly declined
His fame was great, the prices received for his
since his death, and his portraits have come to stand on their own
merits as pieces of art, irrespective of the recognition of the like
ness by the spectators."-SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON: Hist. of Europe,
1815-1852, chap. v.
·
highest rank as a colourist by his early and first practice of making
"Sir Thomas Lawrence was perhaps hindered from rising to the
portraits in colourless chalk only. His wish to please the sitter
made him yield more than his English predecessors had done to
the foolish desire of most people to be painted with a smile,—though
he was far from extending this indulgence to that extreme of a
self-satisfied simper that the French painters of the age preceding
his had introduced to portrait. Of indefatigable industry, Law-
habit of undertaking too many pictures at the same time
was a serious drawback, in many cases, to their excellence. lle
began the portraits of children which he did not finish till they
of its first colour but which remained incomplete in his rooms till
were grown up, and of gentlemen and ladies while their hair was
the originals were grey."-Charles R. Leslie's Hand-Book for
Young Painters, 1855.
See Sir Thomas Lawrence's Life and Correspondence,
by D. E. Williams, 1831, 2 vols. Svo.
"The letters of the late President are delightful. They exhibit
all that warmth of feeling and all that originality which are the
never-failing characteristics of a first-rate mind. The publication
is inestimable.”—Lon. Literary Gazette.
Lawrence, Jonathan, 1807–1833, a native of New
York, graduated at Columbia College, and subsequently
was admitted to the Bar. A collection of his prose and
poetical compositions was printed for private circulation.
shortly after his decense. Some specimens of his poetry
Some specimens of his poetry
will be found in Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America.
Lawrence, Leonard. The Evil-Entreated Lover,
&c. in English, Lon., 1639, 4to. Reviewed in Lon. Re-
trosp. Rev., 1821. iv. 72–76, q. v.
Lawrence, Margarette Woods, a daughter of the
late Leonard Woods, D.D. Light on the Dark River; or,
Memorials of Mrs. Henrietta A. L. Hamlin, Missionary in
Turkey; with an Introd. by Rev. E. S. Storrs, Bost., 1853,
2mo; 3a ed., 1855. 12mo. Highly commended.
Lawrence, Matthew. On the Use and Practice of 4to. Political.
Faith, Lon., 1657, 4to.
"The work is inestimable, as a record of one who has immor-
talized by the magic of his pencil the beauties, the statesmen, and
the learned of the commencement of the nineteenth century.”—
Lon. Sun.
See also Lon. Gent. Mag., 1830, Pt. 1, 174, 179, 285,
633; Edin. Rev., liv. 461; Lon. Month. Rev., cxxv. 244;
Amer. Quar. Rev., x. 210; Blackw. Mag., xv. 223, 567,
xvi. 133, 505, xxvii. 551, xxxix. 758, xl. 75, 78, xlii. 695,
699, xlvi. 471.
Miscellaneous
Lawrence, Thomas Dawson.
Works, 1806, Svo.
Lawrence, William. 1. Marriage by the Moral
Law of God Vindicated, &c., Lon., 1680, 4to.
2. Right
of Primogeniture, &c.; written in support of Monmouth's
claim to the succession. 3. Two Great Questions, 1681, .
Lawrence, William, President of the Royal College
of Surgeons, Surgeon-Extraordinary to the Queen. 1.
Trans. of Blumenbach's Comparative Anatomy, Lon.,
1807, '08, Svo. See GORE, R. T. 2. Treat. on Hernia,
1807, '10, Svo; in French, Paris, 1818. 3. Introduc. to
Lawrence, Richard. 1. Anti-Christian Presbyter, Comparative Anatomy and Physiology, 1816, Svo.
Lon, 1647, 4to. 2. The Interest of England in the Irish | Lects. on Physiology, Zoology, and the Natural Hi
|
4.
4
1067
LAW
LAW
;
this ed. is new matter. Reviewed by Edward Everett in the
N. Amer. Rev., Ixxxii. 1-32. See WHEATON, HENRY, LL.D.
|
of Man, 1813, 3rs. It is stated that this ed. was recalled
by the author. It contained some very crude and absurd
speculations, which have been retracted or modified in
subsequent eds. For these the author was properly re-
buked by Abernethy and others: see Cursory Observa-
tions upon the Lectures, &c., 1819; Blackw. Mag., xii.
97. 98; N. Amer. Rev., xvii. 13, (by T. Bradford;) Amer.
Quar. Rev., iii. 321. The 3d ed. of the above Lectures,
including the Comparative Anatomy, (No. 3,) was pub. in
1828, Svo, and the 7th ed. in 1848, 12mo. 5. Lects. on
Surgery, 2 vols. 8vo. 6. Treat. on Venereal Diseases of
the Eye, 1830, Svo. 7. Anatomico-Chirurgical Descrip-
tions and Views of the Nose, Mouth, Larynx, and Fauces,
1839, fol. 8. Anatomico-Chirurgical Views of the Male
and Female Pelvis, fol. 9. Lects on Comparative Anatomy;
new ed., 1844, 12mo. 10. Treat. on Ruptures; 5th ed.,
1838, Svo; Amer. ed., Phila., 1843, Svo.
Mr. Lawrence has also contributed papers to the Atlantic
Mag., Jan. and Feb. 1825; N. York Rev., Aug. and Sept.
1825, and Jan. 1841; United States Lit. Gaz., June, 1826 ;
Amer. Annual Reg., 1827-30; Westm. Rev., (review of
Cooper's Notions of the Americans,) June, 1829; Amer.
Quar. Rev., Dec. 1832; N. Amer. Rev., Oct. 1843, (De-
spatches of Hernandez Cortes, Folsom's trans.,) and April,
1845, (Wheaton's Hist. of the Law of Nations, pub. under
Mr. L.'s supervision;) Hunt's Merchants' Mag., May,
1844; National Intelligencer; Albany Argus; and the
Newport Advertiser.
Newport Advertiser. To this intelligent and industrious
writer we are also indebted for the biographical sketch of
Henry Wheaton in Griswold's Prose Writers of America.
"The peenliar advantage of the treatment of Mr. Lawrence is,
that he explains his views on the anatomy of hernia and the dif-
ferent varieties of the disease in a manner which renders his book
peculiarly useful to the student. It must be superfluous to express
our opinion of its value to the surgical practitioner. As a treatise
on hernia, presenting a complete view of the literature of the sub-
ject, it stands in the first rank."-Edinburgh Medical and Surgical
Journal.
11. Treat. on Diseases of the Eye, Lon., 1841, 8vo; 3d
ed., 1844, Svo; Amer. ed., by Isaac Hays, M.D., Phila.,
1847, 8vo; new Amer. ed., by Isaac Hays, M.D., 1853,
8vo.
Lawrence's work is recognised as the standard authority
in diseases of the eye. The author has judiciously
availed himself of the cases and opinions pub. by Mac-
kenzie, Middlemore, Guthrie, Travers, Saunders, and the
modern German and French practitioners. The American
editor, Dr. Hays, has also incorporated into his edition
the results of his long and extensive practice, and intro-
duced many valuable illustrations from Jacob, Dalrymple,
Walton, Wilde, Cooper, and other writers in this depart-
ment. See HAYS, ISAAC, M.D. Dr. Lawrence has been
a large contributor to the Medico-Chir. Trans., The Lancet,
and other medical journals.
Lawrence, William R., M»D. Diary and Cor-
respondence of the late Amos Lawrence; with a Brief
Account of some Incidents in his Life. Bost., 1855, r. Svo,
pp. 369; also in r. 12mo. Of this excellent work, 22,003
copies were sold within six months after its publication.
$
It is a beautiful memorial of filial affection; and may it prove
for more than one generation a pledge that the record shall be often
rewritten in virtues and charities worthy such a parentage and
ancestry!"-N. Amer. Rev.. lxxxi. 514-531, q. v.
Lawrence, William Beach, b. in the city of New
York, Oct. 23, 1800, graduated at Columbia College, 1818,
subsequently pursued his legal and historical studies at
Paris, and was admitted as a counsellor of the New York
Supreme Court, 1823; Secretary of Legation at London,
1825; Chargé d'Affaires, 1827-28; Lieut.-Governor of
Rhode Island, 1851-52; and for a portion of the time
Governor of the State. 1. Address before the American
Academy of Fine Arts, N. York, 1825; 2d ed., 1826.
viewed in N. York Rev., i. 125-129; United States Lit.
Gaz., ii. 40-48, 81-87; N. Amer. Rev., xxi. 459-462. 2.
The Hist. of Louisiana, &c., by Barbé Marbois, Peer of
France; trans., with Introduc. Essay, Notes, &c., by W.
B. Lawrence, Phila., 1830, pp. 456. Noticed in N. Amer.
Rev., xxx. 551–556; Amer. Quar. Rev., ix. 186–232. 3. An-
niversary Discourse before the N. York Historical Society,
N. York, 1832. Other papers of Mr. L.'s, who was Vice-
President of the Society from 1836 to '45, will be found`
in the printed proceedings of that respectable body. 4.
Two Lectures on Political Economy, 1832. These Lec-
These Lec-
tures were part of a course, illustrative of the Ricardian
Theory, read before the Senior Class of Columbia College.
See Amer. Quar. Rev., x. 481. They were commended in
the Banner of, the Constitution, edited by Condy Raguet,
Feb. 20, 1852. 5. Bank of the United States, Bost., 1831.
Originally pub. in N. Amer. Rev., xxxij. 524-564. 6. An
Inquiry into the Causes of the Public Distress, N. York,
1834. Originally pub. in Amer. Quar. Rev., June, 1834.
Noticed in Pitkin's Statistics of the United States, ed.
1835, p. 457, n. 7. History of the Negotiations in refer-
ence to the Eastern and North-Eastern Boundaries of the
United States, 1841. Originally pub. in New York Rov.,
viii. 195–260. 8. Biographical Memoir of Albert Gallatin,
1843. Originally pub. in Democrat. Rev., June, 1843.
9. The Colonization and Subsequent Hist. of New Jersey,
Sommerville, N.J., 1843. 10. The Law of Charitable
Uses, N. York, 1845. 11. Lives of Reuben H. Walcot and
Charles O'Conor, 1848. Originally pub. in the Albany
Argus, in 1848. 12. Maine-Law Speech in the Senate of
Rhode Island, Providence, 1852. 13. No North-No
South: an Address, Newport, 1856. 14. Elements of In-
ternational Law, by Henry Wheaton, LL.D., minister of
the United States at the Court of Prussia, &c.; 6th ed.,
with the last corrections of the author, addit. Notes, and In-
troduc. Remarks, containing a notice of Mr. Wheaton's
Diplomatic Career, and of the Antecedents of his Life, by
W. B. Lawrence, Bost., 1855, pp. 728. About one-third of
<.
· The good effect which this Life may have in determining the
II. B. STOWE.
course of young men to honour and virtue is incalculable.”—MRS.
Lawrey, Walter, General Superintendent of the
and Fejee Islands, Lon., 1850, Svo. 2. Second Missionary
Wesleyan Missions in New Zealand, &c. 1. Friendly
Visit, 1851, Svo.
Lawrie, Alexander. Hist. of Free-Masonry, 1804.
Lawrie, John. 1. Prophecy, Edin., 1781, 8vo. 2.
Hist. of the Wars of Scotland, 1685-1746, 12mo, 1783;
1825, 12mo.
Lawrie, Thomas, D.D. Serms., Lon., 1811, 8vo.
him, Lon., 1659, fol. 2. His Declaration, 1659, fol.
Lawson, Vice-Admiral. 1. Two Letters from
1829, 8vo.
Lawson, A. The Farmer's Practical Instructor, Lon.,
See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog., 119.
Lawson, Charles, Archdeacon of Barbadoes.
i., 1837; vol. ii. 1840. 3. 14 Serms., 1843, 8vo.
26 Serms., Lon., 1834, Svo. 2. Serins., 2 vols. 8vo: vol.
1.
Explained, Lon., 1813, Svo.
Lawson, Edward. 1. Chancery and Court Hand
2. Relics of Melodino;
trans, from an unpub. MS., dated 1645, 1815, Svo.
"Not mentioned in the Parnaso Español. The original poems
were written in Castilian, (then the Court language of Portugal,)
but they teem with Portuguese words and idioms: obsolete phrase.
Re-ology is affected throughout several entire pieces. The Preface and
notes contain numerous extracts from the original manuscript."
3. Poems of Melodino, lately discovered; trans. from
an ancient MS., 1816, 8vo.
Lawson, G. N. Gray. Serms., Lon., 1847, 8vo.
Lawson, George, Rector of More, Shropshire. 1.
Exam. of the Polit. part of Hobbes's Leviathan, Lon...
1657, 12mo. 2. Theo-Politica; or, A Body of Divinity.
1659, 1705, 8vo.
"An original writer, with some useful distinctions."-Bicke
steth's C'. S.
See conclusion of this article. 3. Politica Sacra et Ci-
vilis, 1660, 4to.
vilis, 1660, 4to. 4. Expos. of the Epistle to the Hebrews,
1662, fol.
"Full of divisions and useful matter.”—Bickersteth's C. S.
5. Magna Charta Ecclesiæ Universalis, 1686, 8vo.
"He was the ablest man almost of any I know in England,-es
pecially by the advantage of his age and very hard studies and
methodical head. He published an excellent sum of divinity called
from Mr. Lawson than from any divine I ever conversed with."—
Theo-politica. I must thankfully acknowledge that I learned more
RICHARD BAXTER.
"A very accurate and profound divine. . . . A handsome and
correct reprint of the works of this admirable writer would be a
most acceptable boon to the lovers of sound and orthodox thou-
logy."-Williams's C. P.
Lawson, George, D.D., 1749-1820, for thirty-three
years Prof. of Divinity to the Associate Synod of the
years pastor of the Associate Congregation of Selkirk.
Burgher Secession Church, Scotland, and for forty-nine
He was a man of great learning and of exemplary piety. 1.
12mo; Lon., 1809, 12mo.
Discourses on the whole Book of Esther, &c., Edin., 1804,
The most striking feature of the discourses is the great abun-
dance of practical remarks which they contain."-Eclec. Review.
2. Lects. on the whole Book of Ruth, &c., Edin., 1805,
12mo.
"An evangelical exposition."-Bickersteth's C. S.
"A large fund of sentiment, naturally drawn from the subject,
and happily applied,-language perfectly unadorned but sufficiently
turn every thing to practical use,-appear in every page."-Ecles.
expressive, earnestness to produce the best impressions and to
Review.
1063
LAW
LAY
3. Lects. on the Hist. of Joseph, 1807, 2 vols. 12mo.
4. Serms., Hawick, 1810, 12mo. 5. Expos. of the Book
of Proverbs, 1821, 2 vols. 12mo; posth.; pub. from 80
MS. vols. left by the author. A biographical account of
this excellent man will be found in Dr. Jamieson's Cyc.
of Mod. Relig. Biog.
|
"These works [Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 5] of the late worthy professor
were chiefly intended for the instruction of Christians in the ordi-
nary walks of life. They are pious and sensible, full of sound
doctrine and salutary admonition and instruction. There is not
any thing of a critical nature to be found in them, which indeed
was not the writer's object; but they everywhere discover a mi-
nute acquaintance with the Bible and the human heart, and a deep
concern to profit the reader. The style is plain, and the illustra
tions generally very brief."-Orme's Bibl. Brit.
Lawson, George. The Water Lily of South Ame-
rica and the Water Lilies of our own Land, Lon., 1851,
12mo.
"Contains useful hints on the management of aquatic plants in
cultivation."-Lom. Botanic Mag.
Lawson, George M. Con. to Med. Com., 1791.
Lawson, Henry, of Bath, England, d. 1855, aged
eighty-one. 1. Arrangement of an Observatory, 1846.
2. Hist. of the New Planets, 1847. 3. Military Exercises,
1855. Other pamphlets. Mr. Lawson received a medal
from the Society of Arts for his "Reclinea," a convenient
chair for the observation of the zenith stars.
Lawson, James, b. 1799, at Glasgow, Scotland, a
resident of the city of New York since 1815, has pub.
Tales and Sketches by a Cosmopolite, 1830; Giordano, a
Tragedy; and many fugitive prose and poetical articles in
periodicals. He was one of the first to introduce Ameri-
can letters to the notice of British readers. See Duyc-
kinck's Cyc. of Amer. Lit., ii. 280.
Lawson, John. 1. For the Sabbath, Lon., 1644, Svo.
2. Difficult Places of Scripture, 1646, 4to.
Lawson, John, Surveyor-General of North Carolina,
killed by the Indians in 1712, while exploring lands on
the river Neus. 1. Journal of 1000 Miles' Travel among
the Indians, with a Descrip. of North Carolina, Lon., 1700,
4to; repub. under the title of A New Voyage to Carolina,
&c., 1709, 4to; again, 1711, '14, '18, all 4to; in German,
Hamb., 1722, Svo. Rich says (Bibl. Amer. Nova) that
this book was first pub. in John Stevens's Collection, 1708,
No. 41 but we find an ed. noticed of 1700, 4to, and one
also of 1711, 4to. A copy of this rare work (Lawson's
North Carolina) was sold some years ago in South Caro-
lina for $60.
Perhaps some of our publishers in Great Britain or
America will take this hint.
Lawson, John, Rector of Swanscombe, Kent.
Mathemat. works, 1764-77. 2. Serms., 1765, Svo.
1.
Lawson, John. Poems, Lon., 1810, 12mo.
Lawson, John. Smut in Grain, Lon., 1829, Svo.
"The author reasons very acutely."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Lawson, John Parker, a deacon in the Episcopal
Church of Scotland, d. 1852, pub. several works, of which
the following are the best known. 1. Life and Times of
Archbishop Laud, 1573–1645, 1829, 2 vols. Svo. 2. Hist.
of the Episcopal Church of Scotland, Edin., 1843-44, 2
vols. 8vo.
$
"It will be seen, from a perusal of these volumes, that probably
no branch of the Church Catholic has experienced more vicissitudes,
or has been more traduced and misrepresented by its enemies, than
the Episcopal Church of Scotland, both during its legal establish-
ment and after the Revolution, when it was supplanted by Presby-
1
terianism."-Preface.
"Mr. Lawson has shown great ability, industry, and impartiality
in his labours."-Church and State Gazette, May 12, 1843.
3. R. Catholic Church in Scotland, 12mo. 4. Bible
Cyclopædia, 1847-49, 3 vols. Svo. Mr. Lawson wrote the
descriptive letter-press of the following splendid publica-
tions-Stanfield and Harding's Scotland Delineated, 1847-
54, 15 Pts. fol., 90 plates: proofs, £23 12s. 6d.
Lawson, Mary Lockhart, a native and resident of
'hiladelphia, a daughter of the late Alexander Lawson,
(the friend of Alexander Wilson, the ornithologist,) an
eminent engraver, has contributed many poetical pieces.
to the Knickerbocker and Graham's Magazines. Some
of these--specimens of which will be found in Griswold's
Female Poets of America and in other collections—are
thought to display abilities of no common order.
Lawton, Hugh. Poems, Lon., 1815, 4to.
Lawton, John. Cottonian Library, 1732, fol.
Lax, William. Matheunat. treatises, 1799, 1810.
Lay, Benjamin, d. 1760, aged seventy-nine, a phi-
lanthropist, a member of the Society of Friends, was a
native of England, settled in Barbadoes about 1710, and
north of Philadelphia,) where he remained until his death.
subsequently removed to Abington, Pennsylvania, (ten miles
He was, both in the West Indies and in Pennsylvania, a
warm opponent of slavery, and in 1737 pub. a treatise
entitled All Slave-Keepers that keep the innocent in
Lawson, John, d. 1760, Senior Tutor and Prof. of
Oratory in Trin. Coll., Dubl. 1. Lects. on Oratory, Dubl., Bondage, Apostates. One of the most prominent of his
1758, Svo; 1759, Svo; 1760, Svo.
"This author merits the particular attention of every young
clergyman."-KETT.
2. Occasional Serms., 1764, Svo; 1765, Svo; 1776, Svo.
"It is surprising that sermons possessing such originality of
successors in this field was Anthony Benezet, already
noticed in this Dictionary. See Dr. Benjamin Rush's Es-
says for an interesting biographical account of Benjamin
Lay. See also Notes on the Provincial Lit. of Penna., by
Thomas I. Wharton, read at a Meeting of the Council of
the Hist. Soc. of Penna., Sept. 21, 1825.
thought, splendour of diction, knowledge of human nature, and
forcible appeals to the heart, should not have been reprinted."-
SAMUEL CLAPHAM.
Lay, G. Trandescant. The Chinese as They Are,
Lon.. 1841, Svo.
Layamon, flourished about 1180? the first translator
into English of the British History pub. by Geoffrey of
Monmouth, has already been noticed by us in the INTRO-
DUCTION, p. 20. See also Wright's Biog. Brit. Lit., Anglo-
Norman Period, p. 439; Analecta Anglo-Saxonica, by
Benj. Thorpe, 1834, 8vo, pp. 143-170,-The Hist. of King
Leir and his Daughters, from the two texts of Layamon;
Edwin Guest's Hist. of English Rhythms, 1838, 2 vols.
Svo; Layamon's Brut, now first pub. from the Cottonian.
MSS., with literal Trans. Notes and Glossary, by Sir Fre-
derick Madden, edited for Soc. of Antiq., 1847, 3 vols.
Svo; Edwin Guest's Remarks on this ed., in Lon. Gent.
Mag., 1848, Pt. 1, 487-494; Sir F. Madden's Reply to Mr.
Guest, ibid. 600–604.
Lawson, Peter, and Son. 1. The Agriculturist's
Manual, Edin., 1834, 8vo. An excellent work. See Do-
naldson's Agricult. Biog., 128. 2. Cat. of Fruit-Trees,
&c., 1851, 4to. 3. Vegetable Products of Scotland, 1851,
sm. 4to. 4. Treat. on the Cultivated Grasses, &c.; 4th ed.,
1853, 8vo.
Lawson, Robert. Medical treatises, 1788, 1800.
Lawson, Stephen. Cattle Fodder, Lon., 1798, 8vo.
See Donaldson's Agricult. Biog., 82.
Lawson, Thomas. Theolog. treatises, 1656-80.
Lawson, William.
William. 1. A New Orchard and Garden,
Lon., 1615, 18, '23, '26, '48, '49, '76, 4to.
Agricultura, 1656, 57, 4to.
2. Tractatus de
Lawson, William John. Hist. of Banking in
Great Britain, Lon., 1852, 8vo.
"Mr. Lawson has given us a very interesting volume as his con-
tribution to the History of Banking. He has taken great pains to
make his work accurate; and, as it is the result of many years'
labor and research, it possesses a higher value than could be claimed
for a mere ephemeral production. He presents us with a good ge-
neral view of the state of banking, and incidentally of commerce
also, from the earliest periods to the present time; and he has in-
terwoven his facts so pleasantly with anecdotical narrative that
the work will be found interesting to all classes of readers."-Lon
Bankers' Magazine, Aug. 1850.
Ainer. ed., Bost., 1852, Svo: see HOMANS, J. SMITH. 2d
ed., Lon., 1856. 8vo. Mr. L. is also editor of the Mer-
chant's Magazine, (London,) of which vol. ii. was pub. in
1854. Mr. J. Smith Homans has now (1857) in press The
Foreign Commerce of the United States, New York, 8vo.
We anticipate in this volume a work of permanent value.
Lawton, George. 1. Marriage Act 4 Geo. IV., c.
76, Lon., 1823, Svo. 2. Treat. of Bona Notabilia, Lon.,
1825, 8vo. 3. Collections rel. to Churches, &c. in York
and Ripon, 1840, 2 vols. r. Svo. The collector of York-
shire antiquities and topographical guides must secure
this ecclesiastical history of the county.
Layard, Austen Henry, D.C.L., M.P., the cele-
brated traveller, is a descendant of an ancient and noble
family, the eldest son of H. P. J. Layard, Esq., of the
Civil Service in Ceylon, the grandson of the Rev. Dr.
Layard, Dean of Bristol, and was b. in Paris, March 8,
1817. He has held several responsible appointments under
Government, and declined other posts which have been
offered to his acceptance. Biographical notices of Dr.
Layard will be found in the Eng. Encyclopædia, 1856, and
in Men of the Time, 1856. 1. Nineveh and its Remains:
Researches and Discoveries in Ancient Assyria; with the
Narrative of a Residence in that country, and excursions
to the Vallies of the Nestorian Christians, &c., Lon., 1848,
2 vols. 8vo; 6th ed., 1850, 2 vols. Svo, £1 168. In this
work we have an account of Layard's discoveries in
1845-46.
1069
LAY
LAY
**
/
• We cannot close without once more congratulating Mr. Layard
on his success as a writer as well as a discoverer: we repeat, that,
taking this only as a book of travels, we have read none for a long
time more entertaining and instructive. In his dissertations he is
full and copious without being tedious; his style is plain, vigorous,
and particularly unaffected; it is the natural language of a strong
mind fully master of its subject, and warmed and enlivened, with
out being inflated or kindled into rhapsody, by the enthusiasm
without which he would never have conceived or achieved his
wonderful task.”—Lon. Quar. Rev. lxxxiv. 106–153, g. v.
"It is very rarely-once or twice, it may be, in a century-that
a work of this high character is brought before us: if we except
Sir Gardner Wilkinson's Ancient Egyptians, nothing comparable
to it has been seen within our time.”—Bentley's Miscellany.
"This is, we think, the most extraordinary work of the present
age, whether with reference to the wonderful discoveries it describes,
its remarkable verification of our early biblical history, or of the
talent, courage, and perseverance of its author. We have had our
Bruces and Mungo Parks, as well as our Parrys, Franklins, Backs,
and Rosses: but we question whether a more enlightened or a more
enterprising traveller than Mr. Layard is to be met with in the
annals of our modern English history."-Lon. Times.
“Je dois m'abstenir de toute discussion sur la détermination pré-
cise du nom que portaient dans l'antiquité les divers lieux que M.
Layard a explorés et les Rois d'Assyrie qui avaient erigé les su-
perbes monumens dont il a relevé les plans et les dessins. A lui
seul appartient cette tâche, car lui seul possède les materiaux qui
serviront de base a une si importante discussion; et tous les archéo-
logues, tous les géographies, unissent en ce moment leurs vœux
aux miens pour que la publication des observations et des porte-
feuilles de M. Layard ne se fasse pas attendre long temps."-Extract
from a Report read before the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-
Lettres.
"It has been truly said that the narrative is like a romance. In
its incidents and descriptions it does indeed remind one continually
of an Arabian tale of wonders and genii."-DR. ROBINSON: Intro-
Zuc. note to Amer, ed.
See also Lon. Quar. Rev., lxxix. 445–449, (notice of
Layard's account in the Royal Geographical Society's
Proceedings of his Journey in Persia in 1840;) Ch. of
Eng. Rev.; Tait's Mag.; Lit. Gaz.; Examiner; Athenæum;
N. Brit. Rev., xi. 111; Fraser's Mag., xxxix. 446; Dubl.
Univ. Mag., xxxiii. 411; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1851, Pt. 2,
301, 1855, Pt. 1, 392; N. Amer. Rev., lxix. 110, (by F.
Bowen ;) S. Quar. Rev., xvi. 1; Chris. Exam., xlvii. 11, |
(by H. W. Torrey ;) Meth.'Quar. Rev., ix. 577; Universal
Quar. Rev., vi. 275, (by H. Ballou, Jr. ;) New Englander,
vii. 327, (by W. A. Larned;) Chris. Rev., xv. 111, (by S.
F. Smith;) Lord's Theolog. Jour., ii. 501, (by D. N. Lord;)
Church Rev., ii. 245; Democratic Rev., xxiv. 255; Eclec.
Mag., xvii. 106, xxii. 289; Internat. Mag., iv. 433; Liv.
Age, xx. 358, xxviii. 603. This long list of reviews
American periodicals of Dr. Layard's work is the best
proof of the interest felt in the United States in the won-
derful discoveries which have immortalized the author's
The visitor to the library of Williams College,
Massachusetts, will find a gratifying evidence of the gene-
rosity of Dr. Layard in the two colossal bas-reliefs from
Nineveh presented to that institution by the discoverer.
name.
5. Illustrations of the Sculptures, Vases, and Bronzes
recently discovered at Nineveh; principally Bus-reliefs of
the Wars and Exploits of Sennacherib, from his Palace at
Kouyunjik; from drawings made on the spot, 1853, fol.,
71 plates, £10 108.
plates, £10 108. Uniform with No. 2. It has been
ascertained, from inscriptions lately deciphered, that the
palace of Kouyunjik, excavated by Dr. Layard, was built
by Sennacherib, King of Assyria, and that its sculptures
represent events recorded in sacred history. As respects
the confirmation so abundantly offered by Dr. Layard's
discoveries of the truth of some of the most striking por… ·
tions of the Holy Scriptures, how nobly do his volumes.
compare with the imbecile attempts of some foolish skep-
ties of our own day to cast contempt upon the sacred
volume! In the language of an eminent authority,
"Mr. Layard has by no means exhausted the interest of his
subject. He has opened now a far wider field; his discoveries are
presented more intelligibly, and something like completeness of
view is offered to us. The incidents of travel are more full and
lively in their detail than were those in the former work of the
author. His work is a most valuable contributior "-Christian
Examiner.
"In these days, when the fulfilment of prophecy is engaging so
much attention, we cannot but consider that the work of Mr. Layard
[Niueveh and its Remains] will be found to afford many extraordi-
nary proofs of the truth of biblical history, and of the extreme
accuracy of the denunciations of the prophets Isaiah and Ezekioj
against the Kings of Assyria, and of the destruction of Nineveh in
particular.”—London Times.
And what impression has been produced upon the mind
of the learned and sagacious discoverer himself by the
results of his researches?
"Doubtless, if I had undertaken these excavations with no other
end than that of gratifying an idle curiosity or an ordinary spirit
of enterprise. I should be utterly unworthy of the honour you
have shown me. I trust they were embarked in from a higher
motive. Archæology, if pursued in a liberal spirit, becomes of the
utmost importance, as illustrating the history of mankind. [Great
applause. I confess that, sanguine as I was as to the results of
my researches amongst the ruins on the Tigris and Euphrates, I
could not, nor, indeed, probably could any human being, have an-
could have believed that records themselves should have been found
ticipated the results which they produced. I do not say this in
self-praise. I consider myself but an humble agent, whose good
fortune it has been to labour successfully in bringing about those
results. I could not doubt that every spadeful of earth which was
removed from those vast remains would tend to confirm the truth
of prophecy and to illustrate the meaning of Scripture. But who
which, as to the minuteness of their details and the wonderful ac-
curacy of their statements, should confirm almost word for word
the very text of Scripture? And remember that these were no
fabrications of a later date in monuments centuries after the deeds
which they professed to relate had taken place, but records en-
occasion of the presentation to Dr. Layard of the Freedom of the
those who had
part in on
City of London, Feb. 9, 1854.
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Had Layard met with any thing in the course of his in-
investigations which appeared, however remotely, to impeach
the truth of the Bible, we should never have heard the last
of it from some of the wiseacres who afflict both sides of
the Atlantic with their crude speculations and childish
fancies. We are pleased to understand that Dr. Layard
has at present (1857) another volume on Assyrian anti-
quities in course of preparation. The reader must not
fail to add to the works of this intelligent, instructive, and
entertaining traveller, the following books. I. Monument
de Ninive, découvert et décrit par M. Botta, mesuré et
dessiné par Flandin;. with 371 plates of Architecture,
Sculpture, and Inscriptions, Paris, 1849-50, 5 vols. atlas
fol. Usually sold at 80 guineas. Contents: vols. i., ii.,
Architecture and Sculpture, 168 plates; iii., iv., Inscrip-
tions, 263 plates; v., Text.
2. The Monuments of Nineveh; illustrated from nume-
rous drawings made on the spot, 1850, imp. fol., 10 Pts.,
100 plates, £10 108.
.
"To Botta is due the merit of having found the first Assyrian
Monument."-Layard.
The cuneiform system of letters was a species of picture-writ-
"In this magnificent collection of outline-engravings of the most
interesting discovery of modern times, we have the means of form-
ing something like an estimate of the full amount of the debt due
to the enterprise and genius of Mr. Layard. Figures of Assyrian
monarchs and rulers, pictures of their usages and customs, of their
buildings, arms, and arts, representations of their audiences, sieges,
battles, and lion-hunts, shapes of their deities and idols, colossal,
monstrous, incongruous, yet not without sublimity and grandeur,
are here presented to us fresh from the chisel and the pencil of❘ing, invented, not by the Semitic inhabitants of Babylon, but by
Assyrian Titians and Angelos, after having lain buried under those who preceded them. This writing was, however, reduced by
mountains of earth and rubbish for at least twenty-five centuries. the Semitic race to letters and adapted to the articulation of their
We have had no discovery in art that presents so many interesting language. Their mode of writing consisted of several elements.
features of observation and inquiry.”—Lon. Examiner.
There was the ideographic, or picture-writing, and the phonetic,
which was equivalent to the alphabet of their language. The cu
neiform inscriptions were divided into three branches,-Persian,
Scythic, and Assyrian."
3. A Popular Account of Layard's Expedition to Nine-
veh; abridged by the author, 1851, cr. Svo, 5s. The prin-
cipal feature of this abridgment is the introduction of
the most important Biblical and historical illustrations
(forming a separate section of the original work) into the
narrative. The author also gives us the results of his
researches to the latest date prior to publication.
;
4. Fresh Discoveries at Nineveh, and Researches at
Babylon being the results of the second expedition to
Assyria, [1849-51.] Also, a Journey to the Khabour, The
Desert, Lake Van, Ancient Armenia, Kurdistan, and the
Borders of the Euphrates, 1853, £1 18.; or fine ed., 2 vols.
8vo, £1 108.
"We cannot take leave of Mr. Layard without congratulating
him on the superiority of this, his last production, over his Nineveh
and its Remains."-Lon. Athen.
+6
This splendid work was pub. by order of the French
Government, and under the direction of a committee of
the Institute. If too expensive for the purse of the ama-
teur, (and $500 is rather a large sum for one work,) he
can procure for 108. 6d. C. Tobin's trans. of Botta's Let-
ters on the Discoveries at Nineveh, with 50 folding plates,
consisting of Plan, Plates of Sculpture, and Inscriptions.
Lon., 1850, Svo.
II. Nineveh and its Palaces: the Discoveries of Botta
and Layard applied to the elucidation of Holy Writ; up-
wards of 200 engravings, Svo. Bonomi resided many years
in the vicinity of the Assyrian discoveries, and acquired
considerable knowledge of the languages and customs of
the East. III. Narrative of a Two Years' Residence at
Nineveh, 1850, 2 vols. p. Svo: see FLETCHER, J. P.
IV
Palaces of Nineveh and Persepolis Restored, 1851, Svo
see FERGUSON, JAMES, No. 4.
Layard, Charles Peter, D.D., d. 1803, (grandfather
of the preceding,) the son of Dr. Layard, and a descendant
1070
LAY
LEA
of an ancient and noble French family, was educated at
Westminster School, and St. John's Coll., Cambridge;
obtained the Seatonian Prize in 1773, und in 1775 was ap-
pointed Minister of Oxendon Chapel and Librarian to Te-
nison's Library, Westminster; and in 1800 was promoted
to the deanery of Bristol. 1. Charity; a Poetical Essay,
Lon., 1774, Svo. 2. Poetical Essay on Duelling, 1776, 4to.
3. Serm., 1786, 4to. 4. Serm., 1794, 4to. 5. Serm., 1802,
4to. 6. Serms., 1804, 8vo; 2d ed., 1805, 8vo. Dr. Layard
was one of the most popular preachers of his day.
Layard, Daniel Peter, M.D. 1. Distemper among
the Horned Cattle, Lon., 1757, Svo. 2. Bite of a Mad
Dog, 1762, 8vo. 3. Somersham Water, 1767, Svo.
Pharmacopoeia in usum Gravidarum, &c., 1776, 8vo. 5.
Med. papers in Phil. Trans., 1745-80.
4.
Laycay, A. Life of Erasinus; abridged from the
larger work of Dr. Jortin, Lon., 1805, 8vo.
Laycock, John. 1. Fabulas Instructivas, Lon., Svo.
2. Portuguese Grammar, Svo. 3. Touchstone to try the
French Scholar, 8vo.
water and Land Shells of the United States; ibid., vol. ix., 1841.
20. Descriptions of Freshwater and Land Shells; ibid., vol. ix.. four
4to plates, 1843. 21. Descriptions of Freshwater and Land Shells,
ibid., vol. x.. nine 4to plates, 1845. 22. Description of a new Genus
of the Family of Melaniana, and many new species, chiefly collected
by H. Cuming, Esq., during his Zoological Voyage to the East,
and now first described, by Isaac Lea and Henry C. Lea; also five
new species of Anodonta; Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 8vo, 21 pages,
Geologist; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. v., 8 pp., 1851. 24. Descrip
July 9, 1850. 23. Biographical Sketch of Richard Cowling Taylor,
tions of new species of the Family Unionida; Trans. Amer. Phil.
Soc., vol. x., eighteen 4to plates, 1852. 25. Description of a new
Genus (Basistoma) of the Family Melaniana, with some new Ame-
rican Melaniæ; ibid., vol. x., one 4to plate, 1852. 26. Description
of a new species of Helix, from California; ibid., vol. x.. 1852. 27.
On the Fossil Foot-Marks in the Red Sandstones of Pottsville, Per a.;
ibid., vol. x., 4to, 13 pp., three coloured plates. 1852; 2d ed. on ele-
phant paper, 16 pp., 1 large coloured plate, 1855. 28. On the Genus
Acostaa of D'Orbigny, a Freshwater Lamellibranchia, Jour. Acad.
Nat. Sci. of Phila., vol. ii., 2d ser., 1851. 29. On some New Fossil
Molluscs in the Carboniferous Slates of the Anthracite seams of the
Wilkesbarre Coal Formation; ibid., vol. ii., 2d ser., 4to. 4 pp, one
plate, 1852. 30. Description of a New Species of Eschara from the
Eocene of Alabama; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. vi.. 1852. 31. De-
scription of a New Species of Symphynote Unio; ibid., vol. vi., 1852
32. Description of a Fossil Saurian of the New Red Sandstone For-
mation of Pennsylvania, with some account of that Formation;
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci.. vol. ii., 2d ser.. 4to, 19 pp., three plates. 1852.
33. Synopsis of the Family of Naïades. 8vo, 63 pp., 1836; 2d ed.,
4to, 4 pp., 1838; 3d ed., 4to, 88 pp., 1852. 34. Contributions to
Geology, consisting of Memoirs on the Tertiary Formation of Ala-
bama; New Tertiary Fossil Shells from Maryland and New Jersey;
New Genus of Fossil Shell from New Jersey; Tufaceous Lacustrine
Formation of Syracuse. New York: in Svo, 227 pages and 228 co-
loured figures, 1833. 35. Description of a New Species of the Genus
Unio, (U. Spinosa,) 4to, with fine coloured figure. 1836. 36. Recti-
See also Lon. Med. Times and Gazette, Oct. 1856; fication of Mr. T. A. Conrad's Synopsis of the Family of Naïades
Westm. Rev., Jan. 1857.
of North America, in Proceedings of the Acad. Nat. Sci.; Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci., Svo. 16 pp.. 1854. 37. Description of a New Mol-
Svo. 4 pp.. 1 coloured plate. 1855. 38. On the New Red Sandstone
lusc, from the Red Sandstone near Pottsville. Pennsylvania; ibid.,
Formation of Pennsylvania; ibid., vol. viii.. 1856. 39. Description
of a New Subgenus of Naiades: ibid., vol. viii., 1856. 40. Descrip-
cription of a New Species of Triquetra, Klein, (Hyria Lam.:) ibid.,
vol. viii.. 1856. 41. Descriptions of New Freshwater Shells of Califor
nia; ibid., vol. viii.. 1856. 42. Descriptions of Twenty-five New Spe-
cies of Exotic Uniones; ibid., vol. viii., 1856. 43. Descriptions of Four
New Species of Exotic Uniones: ibid., vol. viii.. 1856. 44. Descrip-
tions of Thirteen New Species of Exotic Peristomata: ibid., vol. viii.,
1856. 45. Descriptions of Fifteen New Species of Exotic Melaniana:
ibid., vol. viii., 1856. 46. Description of the Byssus in the Genus
of Uniones, from Georgia; ibid.. vol. viii, 1856. 48. Remarks on
Unio: ibid., vol. viii., 1856. 47. Descriptions of Eleven New Species
Triquetra contorta; ibid., vol. viii.. 1856. 49. On Vision in the
Naïades; ibid., 1857. 50. Descriptions of Thirteen New Species of
Uniones, from Georgia: ibid., 1857. 51. Descriptions of Twelve
New Species of Naïades, from North Carolina; ibid., 1857. 52. De-
scriptions of Six New Species of Uniones. from Alabama: ibid.,
1857. 53. Descriptions of Eight New Species of Naiades. from
various parts of the United States: ibid.. 1857. 54. Descriptions
of Three New Exotic Species of Naïades; ibid., 1857. 55. Descrip-
tions of Six New Species of Freshwater and Land Shells of Texas
and Tamaulipas: ibid., 1857.
Laycock, Thomas, M.D., Prof. of Practical and
Clinical Medicine in the Univ. of Edinburgh. 1. Lects. on
the Principles and Methods of Medical Observation and
Research, for the use of advanced Students and Junior
practitioners, Edin., 1856, cr. Svo.
"Dr. Laycock has spoken: he has written this book by way of
introducing himself to the world, and we think he has spoken most
satisfactorily. . . . We cannot too highly commend the philoso-
phical spirit that pervades these lectures."-Lon. Athenæum, July
18, 1857, 909–910.
Laycock, William. 1. Report of the Committee,
&c., Lon., 1722, fol. 2. Proposal for a Fund for buying
-
up a Stock of scarce sticht Bookes and Pamphlets, fol., pp.
4. Very curious: a copy is in the Brit. Mus.
Layer, John. Duty of Constables, &c., 1641, 12mo.
Layfielde, Edmond. Serm., 1630, 4to.
Laylonde, John. See LEland.
Layman, Capt. 1. British W. Indies, 1811, 8vo.
2. On Forest Trees, 1813-14.
Layman, Matthew. Defensio Causæ Honoldin,
Ingolst., 1580, 4to.
Layman, Paul, a Jesuit. Latin theolog. treatises,
1625-28.
Layng, Peter. Prose and Verse, Eton, 1748, 4to.
Layten, Mrs. Frederick. Spanish Tales, trans.
from Le Sage, &c., 1816, 2 vols. 12mo.
Layton, Henry. Theolog. treatises, 1703-04, &c.
Layton, Thomas. Serm., 1806, Svo.
Lazarus, J. G. Ebenezer, Lon., 1841, Svo. This is
an account of a converted Jew.
Lazonby, Thomas. Merchants' Accounts, 1757.
Lea, Henry Charles. See LEA, ISAAC, LL.D., No.
22; SELDEN, JOHN, No. 2.
Lea, Isaac, LL.D., b. at Wilmington, Delaware, March
4, 1792, Vice-President of the Academy of Natural
Sciences, Philadelphia, and a member of many learned
bodies in England, France, Belgium, Germany, Russia,
Greece, India, &c., has gained great and deserved reputa-
tion by his numerous contributions to various departments
of natural history and natural philosophy and other
branches of knowledge. We annex a list of the most im-
portant of Mr. Lea's publications:
1. An Account of the Minerals at present known to exist in the
vicinity of Philadelphia; Jour. of Acad. of Nat. Sci., vol. i., 1818.
2. A Sketch of the History of Mineralogy: Amer. Med. Jour.. Nov.
1823. 3. On the North-West Passage; Amer. Jour. of Sci., vol. x.
4. On Earthquakes, their causes and effects; ibid., vol. ix. 5. On
Hybernation; ibid., vol. ix. 6. On the pleasure and advantage of
Studying Natural History; ibid., vol. xi. ~ 7. An Essay on the North-
West Passage; published as a review in the Amer. Quar. Rev., Phila.,
1828, 38 pp. Svo. S. Short Reviews and Notices of Nuttall's Travels,
Capt. Franklin's Travels, &c., in National Gazette, and some smaller
communications to Amer. Jour. of Sci. 9. Descriptions of six new
species of the Genus Unio, with anatomy, etc.; Trans. Amer. Phil.
Soc., vol. iii.. 1827, four 4to plates, coloured. 10. Description of a
new Genus of the Family of Naiades, and fifteen new species, with
observations on the Naïades of the U. S.; ibid., vol. iii., 1829. eight
4to plates, coloured. 11. Observations on the Naïades, and Descrip-
tions of new species of that and other Families; ibid., vol. iv., 1830,
sixteen 4to plates, coloured. 12. Description of a new Genus of
the Family Melaniana of Lamarck; ibid., vol. iv., 1831. 13. Ob-
servations on the Naïades, and Descriptions of new species of that
and other Families; ibid., vol. v.. nineteen 4to plates, coloured, 1832.
14. Description of Freshwater and Land Shells; ibid., vol. vi., twenty-
four 4to plates, coloured, 1834-38. 15. On the Patella Amoena of
Say; ibid., vol. vii., 1840. 16. Notice of the Oolitic Formation in Ame-
rica, with Descriptions of its Organic Remains: ibid., vol. vii.. 1840.
17. Descriptions of nineteen new species of Colimacea; ibid., vol. vii.,
1840. 18. Description of Freshwater and Land Shells of the United
States; ibid., vol. viii, twenty-three 4to plates, 1841. 19. Fresh
and printed in Spain, in Glorie of their supposed Victorie,
Lea, James. Answer to the Vntruthes, published
&c.. Lon.. 1589, 4to. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1715.
Lea, Phil. 1. Hydrographia Universalis; or, The
Sea Coasts, &c., Lon., 4to. 2. Atlas, fol. 3. Maps, fol.
Lea, W. Equations of Algebra, 1812. 4to.
Leach, Edmund. 1. Peace of the Nation, Lon.,
Rising of the Just, 1652, 4to.
1651, 4to. 2. The Downfall of the Unjust Lawyers and
Was Mr. Leach Briefless
Barrister? (See Punch.) Better briefless with innocence
than brief-full with guilt, certainly.
Leach, Edmund. Inland Navigation and the se
of Mines, Lon., 1790, 91, Svo. A curious work.
Leach, Sir John. Speech in H. of C., Lon., 1811,
Svo. See Lord Brougham's Contrib. to Edin. Rev., 1856,
i. 368.
Leach, Thomas. 1. Modern Reports: 5th ed., Lon.,
Geo. II.-55 Geo. III., 1730-1815, 1789. Svo; 1792, Svo;
1793-95, 12 vols. Svo. 2. Reports K. B., Crown side, 3
1800, 2 vols. r. Svo; 4th and last ed., 1815, 2 vols. 8vo.
Other legal works. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Leach, William. Legal treatises, Lon., 1650-52.
Leach, William Elford, M.D., 1790-1836, an emi-
nent naturalist, a native of Plymouth. England. 1. Or-
cadensis; or, The Natural Hist. of the Quadrupeds, Birds,
Reptiles, and Fishes of Orkney and Shetland, Lon., 1812,
4to. 2. Zoological Miscellany, Lon., 1814-17, 3 vols. r.
4to, 149 coloured plates. Intended as a continuation to
Shaw and Nodder's Naturalist's Miscellany. 3. Malacas-
traca Podophthalma Britannica, 1815-21, 4to, Nos. 1-17;
all pub. A standard work, unfortunately never completed.
4. Cat. of Mammalia and Birds in British Museum, &c.,
1816, 4to. Dr. L. pub. a number of papers on subjects
of natural history in Phil. Trans., &c. See English Cy
clopædia,-Biography, vol. iii., 1856, 824.
1071
LEA
LEC
Lead, Jane, d. 1704, pub. a number of theolog.
treatises, Lon., 1683–97.
Leadbeater, Mrs. Mary, formerly Miss Shackle-
ton, pub. (principally in conjunction with her sister,
Elizabeth Shackleton) a number of poems, tales, &c.,
1808-14.
Leadbether, Arthur. Arithmetic, Lon., 1691, Svo.
Leadbetter, Charles. Astronomy, &c., 1728–39.
Leadley, John. Christianity, 1791, Svo.
Leahy, David. Legal tracts, Lon., 1844, &c.
Leake, Isaac Q. Life and Times of General John
Lamb, Albany, 1857, Svo.
Leake, John, M.D., d. 1792. 1. Child-Bed Fever,
Lon., 1773, '84, Svo. 2. Medical Instructions, 1771, Svo.
Other eds. Dr. L. pub. other medical works.
Leatham, W. The Currency, Lon., 1840, Svo.
Leatham, William Henry. 1. Strafford; a Tra-
gedy, Lon., p. Svo. 2. Poems, 1840, p. Svo. 3. Travel-
lers' Thoughts; new ed., 1841. 4. Oliver Cromwell; a
Drama, 1843, 12mo. 5. Batuecas, and other Poems, 1844,
Leake, Stephen Martin, 1702-1773, a herald and 12mo. 6. Montezuma; a Ballad of Mexico, 1845, 12mo.
antiquary, nephew of Sir John Leake. 1. Nummi Bri-
1. Nummi Bri-7. Life hath Many
7. Life hath Many Mysteries, and other Poems, 1847,
tannici Historia, Lon., 1726, '45, 73, all 8vo.
p. 8vo. S. Lectures, 1845, p. Svo; Sequel, 1847; Con-
"A valuable treatise.”—McCulloch's Lit, of Pulit. Econ.
cluding, 1849. 9. Selections from his Lesser Poems,
1855, 16mo.
2. Life of Sir John Leake, 1750, r. Sro; 50 copies
printed. Other works. See Noble's Hist. of the College
of Arms.
Leatherhead, William. In Dissert. nuper edi.
tam de Medicorum, &c., Lon., 1727, Svo.
Leathes, D. Contagion amongst Dogs, Lon., 1760,
Svo.
Leake, William. Con. to Med. Obs. and Inq., 1767.
Leake, William Martin. Serms., 1773–78.
Leake, Lt. Col. William Martin, Royal Artil-
lery, has pub. the following valuable works: 1. Researches
in Greece, Lon., 1814, 4to. Pt. 2 contains an Albanian
Grammar and Vocabulary, the first English work on the
subject.
·
"Like all Col. Leake's works, this is full of research and much
information."-Lon. Quar. Rev.; and see Edin. Rev., xxv. 456.
2. Topography of Athens, 1821, 8vo; plates in 4to; 2d
ed., 1841. 3. Journal of a Tour in Asia Minor, 1824, Svo.
"Exhibits learning and indefatigable labour."-Edin. Rev.
4. Historical Outline of the Greek Revolution, 1826,
12mo. See Blackw. Mag., xx. 549, 725, 843. 5. In con-
junction with Hon. Chas. Yorke, Mémoire sur les Princi-
paux Monumens Egyptiens du Musée Britannique, &c.,
1827, 4to. 6. Travels in the Morea, 1830, 3 vols. Svo;
2d ed., 1839, 3 vols. 8vo.
"A most elaborate and important topography, ancient and
modern, of the once-renowned and doubly-interesting peninsula,
the Peloponnesus."-Lon. Month. Rev.
"Highly deserving of a place in every good library."-Edin. Rev.
"We must bear testimony to the merits of his labours.”—Lon.
Lit. Guz.
See also Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., 1854,
i. 79. 7. Travels in Northern Greece, 1835, 4 vols. Svo.
8. Peloponnesia, 1846, Svo. This is a Supp. to No. 6.
9. Greece at the End of Twenty-Three Years' Protection,
1851, 8vo. 10. Numismata Hellenica, 1854, 4to. 11. On
some Disputed Questions of Ancient Geography, 1857.
See Lon. Athenæum, July 4, 1857, 851.
Leakey, Catherine W. Lyra Australis; or, At-
tempts to Sing in a Strange Land, Lon., 1854, sm. Svo.
Leaming, A., and J. Spicer. Laws of New Jersey,
Phila., 1752, fol.
Leaming, Jeremiah, D.D., 1719-1804, an Epis-
copal clergyman, a native of Middletown, Conn.; gra-
duated at Yale College, 1745; preached eight years in
Newport, R.L., twenty-one years at Norwalk, Conn., and
eight or nine years at Stratford, in the same State. He
died at New Haven, Conn. 1. A Defence of the Epis-
copal Government of the Church; containing Remarks
on some Noted Sermons on Presbyterian Ordination,
1766. 2. A Second Defence; in Answer to Noah Welles,
1770. 3. Evidences of the Truth of Christianity, 1785.
4. Dissertations on Various Subjects, 1789. Dr. Leaming
was at one time thought of for the office of first bishop of
the Episcopal Church in America. A branch of the same
family settled in Philadelphia, and is now (1857) repre-
sented by J. Fisher Leaming, an eminent merchant and
well-known philanthropist of that city.
Leanerd, John. Comedies, Lon., 1677, '78, '79, all
4to.
|
and Illyria, 1851, r. 8vo., £1 18. 5. Journal of a Land-
scape-Painter in Southern Calabria, 1852, r. 8vo, £1 1s.
Learmont, John. Poems, Edin., 1791, 8vo.
Learmont, Thomas. See LERMONT.
Leask, Rev. William. Religious and other publica-
tions. Lon., 1839-55.
Leatham, E. A. Discovery; a Poem, Lon., 1854,
fp. Svo.
Leatham, Isaac. General View of the Agricult.
of the East Riding of Yorkshire, Lon. 1794, 4to.
Leapor, Mary, 1722-1746, the daughter of a gar-
dener. Poems on Several Occasions, Lon., 1748–51,
2 vols. 8vo. See Biog. Dramat.; Hayley's Life of Cow-
per; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. liv. Her poems have been
commended.
Leathes, P. H. A A Tablet, from the Arundelian
Collection; Archæol., 1796.
Leaver. See LEVER.
Leavesly, Thomas. Serms., 1727, '30, both Svo.
Leavitt, Humphrey H. The Ohio Officer, &c.,
1843, 8vo.
Leavitt, J. Laws of Massachusetts relative to
Paupers, Bost., 1810, 8vo.
Leavitt, Joshua, b. 1794, Franklin co., N. York;
graduated at Yale Coll., 1814; admitted to the bar, 1819;
ordained, 1825. 1. Easy Lessons in Reading, 1823.
Christian Lyre, 1831. 3. Series of Readers, 1847. Ed.
Sailors' Mag., N. York Evangelist, &c.
2.
Le Bas, Charles Webb, Fellow of Trin. Coll., Cam-
bridge, Prof. in the E. I. College, Hertfordshire, and Rec-
tor of St. Paul's, Shadwell. 1. Seruis., 1822, 8vo; 2d ed.,
1828, 2 vols. Svo; 3d ed., 1834, 2 vols. Svo.
66
Eloquent, original, and powerful.” — CHRISTOPHER NORTH:
Noctes Ambros., May, 1830.
66
Exhibiting a strength and vigour of language which it is the
privilege of few men to possess."—Lon. Chris. Rememb.
"Models of clearness and elegance as pulpit compositions."--
Lon. Congreg. Mag.
2. On Miracles, 1828, sm. 8vo.
"A valuable essay."-Lm. Quar. Rev.
See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 983. 3. Life of Bishop T. F.
Middleton, 1831, 2 vols. 8vo. 4. Life of Bishop Jewel,
1835, 12mo.
Le Breton, W. C. Serm., Lon., 1846, 8vo.
Le Brocq, Rev. Philip. 1. Management of the
Poor, 1784, Svo. 2. Fruit-Trees, &c., 1785, Svo. 3. Im-
proving the New Forest, 1793, Svo. 4. Payment of the
National Debt, Svo.
Lecaan, John P. The Army, &c., Lon., 1708, 8vo.
Lecester, John. England's Preservation, fol.
Lechford, Thomas. 1. Plain Dealing; or, Newes
from New England, Lon., 1642, 4to. 2. New England's
Advice to Old England, 1644, 4to. See Hutchinson's
Hist. of Mass. Bay; 12 Amer. Jur., 335.
Leckie, Mrs. 1. Power of Conscience, Lon. 1841,
p. Svo. 2. Stories for Children, 1844, sq. 3. Hebrew
Boy; a Dramatic Poem, 1842, p. 8vo. 4. Stepmother; &
Dramatic Poem, 1842, p. 8vo. 5. The Guardian; a Dra-
matic Poem, 1842, p. 8vo.
Leckie, Charles. Scripture References for Sab-
bath Schools, &c., Lon., 1838, 12mo. Eighteen eds. were
pub. before 1857.
CC
Decidedly superior to the work of the same kind by Dr. Chal-
mers."-Scottish Presbyterian.
Leckie, Dr. Daniel R. Journal of a Route to
Nagpur, Lon., 1800, 4to.
Great Britain from 1808-09-10, Lon., 1808, '10, 8vo.
Leckie, Gould Francis. 1. Foreign Affairs :f
Reviewed in Edin. Rev., xiii. 186. 2. Foreign Affairs of
Great Britain for 1809, 1809, 8vo.
1
“Written in his dogmatical and pedantic manner; but evidently
the work of an acute man."-LORD BROUGHAM: Edin. Rev., xiv.
452, and in his Contrib. to Edin. Rev.. 1856, ii. 93.
(4
Mary Barber was the wife of a shopkeeper in London, and
Mary Leapor a cook; but neither of them had so much of the
meny divinior as might have been expected from their occupa-This is the most direct attack which we have ever seen in Eng-
3. Practice of the Brit. Government, &c., 1812, 8vo.
tion."-Blackw. Mag., xli. 40.
Lear, Edmund. 1. Illustrations of Parrots, 1838,
fol., £6 68. 2. Sketches of Rome and its Environs, 1842,
fol., £4 48. 3. Illustrated Excursions in Italy, 1846,
2 vols. fol.: 1st ser., £4 48.; 2d ser., £3 38. See KEMBLE,
FRANCES ANNE, No. 5. 4. Landscape-Painter in Albania
liberty in general, and upon our government only in so far as it is
lish upon the free constitution of England, or rather upon political
free."-LORD JEFFREY: Edin. Rev., xx. 315, and in his Contrib to
Edin. Rev., 1853, 724.
4. Balance of Power in Europe, 1817, 8vo.
Leconte, John L., M.D., b. in New York, 1825
1072
LEC
LEE
;
has pub. a number of papers on entomology, &c. in the
Journal and Proceedings of the Academy of Natural
Sciences, the Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History
of New York, the Boston Journal of Natural History, and
Agassiz's Lake Superior.
Lecount, Lt. Peter, R.N. 1. Hist. of the London and
Birmingham Railway, Lon., 1839, 8vo. 2. Practical Treat.
on Railways, 1839, p. 8vo. From 7th ed. Encyc. Brit.
The best and most complete treatise on the subject.”—Metro
politan Conservative Journal.
"By far the most valuable work on the construction and ma-
nagement of railways extant."-Manchester Courier.
Le Cras, Abraham J. The Laws, Customs, and
Privileges, &c. of the Island of Jersey, Lon., 1839, 12mo.
Commended in 6 Month. Law Mag., 245.
|
|
Lederer, John, an early explorer of the Alleghanies.
The Discoveries of John Lederer, in three several Marches
from Virginia to the West of Carolina and other parts of the
Continent, begun in March, 1669, and ended in September,
1670; together with a General Map of the whole Terri-
tory which he traversed. Collected and translated out
of Latine, from his Discourse and Writings, by Sir Wil-
liam Talbot, Baronet, Lon., 1672, 4to, pp. 27. White
Knight's, £2 88. See Account, by John Peníngton, of
Plantagenet's New Albion, Penn. Hist. Soc. Memoirs,
vol. iv. Pt. 1.
Lediard, Thomas. 1. Trans. of the Life of Sethos,
Lon., 1732, 2 vols. 8vo.
"This Egyptian romance was written by the Abbé Terasson, in
avowed imitation of Telemachus and The Travels of Cyrus. Gib-
bon justly characterized its author as a scholar and a philosopher,
and the work itself as having more variety and originality than
the former of these celebrated productions."-Retrospective Review.
The author, Terasson, was a scholar and a philosopher: his
Life of Sethos has far more variety and originality than Tele-
machus.”—Gibbon's Miscell. Works.
3.
2. Naval Hist. of England 1066-1734, fol., 1735.
Life of John, Duke of Marlborough, 1736, 3 vols. 8vo.
"The great battles of Ramillies, Oudenarde, and Blenheim are
here [in Coxe's Memoir of the Duke of Marlborough] fought over
again with a precision and effect which we seek in vain in the
somnolent pages of Lediard.”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp., 1825, 5±5.
4. Appeal to the Publick, 1735, fol. 5. German Spy,
1735, 8vo. 6. Trans. of Mascon's Hist. of the Ancient
Germans, 1738, 2 vols. 4to. 7. Charge to the Grand
Jury, 1754, Svo.
Ledwich, Mrs. The Young Widow, Lon., 1784,
2 vols.
Ledwich, Edward, D.D., 1739-1823, Fellow of
Trin. Coll., Dublin, subsequently Vicar of Aghaboe,
Queen's county, Ireland. 1. Antiquities of Ireland,
Dubl., 1793, 4to; 2d ed., 1803; (some dated 1804, 4to.)
On the plan of Pennant.
"Dr. Ledwich has omitted the fictions which strong natural
prejudices obliged Sir James Ware to recite: with equal talents,
superior information, and profound erudition the doctor has con-
structed his present work."-British Critic.
See GROSE, FRANCIS, No. 3. 2. Statist. Account of the
Parish of Aghaboe, Queen's co., Ireland, Lon., 1796, Svo.
Dr. L. contributed papers to Trans. Irish Acad., 1791, to
Archæol., 1785, '87, and wrote an Essay on the Govern-
ment of Ireland, which will be found in Gough's ed. of
Camden's Britanniæ, 1789, 3 vols. fol.
Ledwich, T. H. and E. Prac. and Descrip.
Anatomy of the Human Body, Dubl., 1853, 12mo.
"It is evidently written directly from observations made in the
dissecting-room, and is therefore peculiarly adapted as a hand-
book for the student who seeks his information in the only way in
which it can be correctly obtained,-from the dead body itself."-
Dubl. Quar. Jour. of Med. Science.
"The author's task has been performed ably, clearly, and sys-
tematically. The work will be found useful to the dissector, be he
an old or young student."-Lon. Lancet.
Ledyard, John, 1751-1788, celebrated as the com-
paaion of Captain Cook (the narrative of whose last voyage
he published, Hartford, 1783, Svo) and for his own ex-
plorations, was a native of Groton, Connecticut. His
eventful life (the details of which do not come within the
plan of our Dictionary) had been recorded by one of the
most distinguished of American historians: Memoirs of
the Life and Travels of Jonh Ledyard, the American Tra-
veller; comprising Selections froin his Journals and Cor-
respondence, by Jared Sparks, Camb., Mass., 1828, Svo.
Printed in Loudon in 1828, Svo, and in 1834, Svo. See
titles in Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, ii. 207-208. See also
ibid., i. 311. Sparks's Life of Ledyard was repub. in the
author's valuable Library of American Biography, New
Series, 1847, vol. xiv. A review of these Memoirs, by
Robert Southey, appeared in the London Quarterly Re-
view, xxxviii. 85–113.
Ledyard never desponded: no sooner was one of his castles de-
molished than he set about building another."-SOUTHEY: ubi
supra, p. 93.
..
·
"In 1786, while at Paris, I became acquainted with John
Ledyard, of Connecticut, a man of genius, of some science, and
enterprise of exploring the western part of our continent, by pass-
of fearless courage and enterprise. I suggested to him the
ing through St. Petersburg to Kamtschatka, and procuring a pas-
sage thence in some of the Russian vessels to Nootka Sound,
whence he might make his way across the continent to the United
States; and I undertook to have the permission of the Empress of
Russia solicited.”—Thomas JEFFERSON: Randolph's Life of Jeffer
son, 2d ed., 1830, i. 55.
See also Tucker's Life of Jefferson; N. Amer. Rev.,
xxvii. 360, (by C. Cushing;) Amer. Quar. Rev., iii. 88;
Chris. Month. Spec., x. 317, 370, (by R. Emerson.)
Lee, Alfred, D.D., S.T.D., b. Sept. 9, 1807, at Cam-
bridge, Mass.; graduated at Harvard University, 1823; or-
dained, 1830; consecrated Bishop of the Prot. Epis. Church
of the diocese of Delaware, 1841. 1. Life of the Apostle
Peter: a series of Practical Discourses, New York, 1852,
12mo. 2. Life of the Apostle John, 1854, 12mo. 3.
Treatise on Baptism, 1854, 16mo. 4. Memoir of Miss
Susan Allibone, Phila., 1856, 8vo. 5. The Harbinger of
Christ: a series of Practical Discourses on the Life and
Character of John the Baptist, N.Y., 1857, 12mo.
Lee, Rev. Alfred T. The Hist. of the Town and
Parish of Tetbury, Gloucester, Lon., 1857, Svo.
"Some portions of the book will be read with interest by many,
-we mean the pedigrees, by those to whom they relate. The rest
of the work may well be perused as an act of mortification."-Lon
Athenæum, 1857, 942.
·
Lee, Ann. Sunday Lecturer. Lon., 1816, 12mo.
Lee, Arthur, M.D., 1740-1782, a brother of Richard
Henry Lee, (elected President of the American Congress
in 1784,) and also a native of Virginia, held several im.
portant diplomatic and other public positions. He was
the author of Monitor's Letters, 1769; the Letters of Ju
nius Americanus; Extract from a Letter to the President
of Congress, in Answer to a Libel by Silas Deane, 1780,
Observations on
on certain Commercial Transactions in
France, laid before Congress, 1780.
1780. See his Life by
Richard Henry Lee, 1829, 2 vols. Svo; review of the
same by Jared Sparks, N. Amer. Rev., xxx. 454-511;
Thacher's Amer. Med. Biog., 1828, 356.
Lee, Charles, 1731-1782, a major-general in the
American army, and a distinguished soldier in several
parts of the Old World, was a native of England, and the
son of General John Lee, of Dernhall, Cheshire, by Isa-
bella his wife, the second daughter of Sir Henry Bun-
bury, of Stanney. A vol. of Lee's writings was pub. by
Mr. Langworthy. See, in addition to the Histories of the
U. States, and the Lives of Washington, Proceedings of
1778, fol.; Memoirs of the Life of Charles Lee, Lon., 1791,
a Court-Martial for the Trial of Major-General Lee, Phila.,
Svo, Dubl., 1792, Svo; Anecdotes of the late Charles Lee,
1792, Svo, 1797, 8vo; Memoir of the Life of General Lee,
by Sir Henry Bunbury; Life of Charles Lee, by Jared
Sparks, in his Library of American Biography. New Series,
viii. 1-207; Rich's Bibl. Amer. Nova, i. 464; Blackw.
Mag., xvii. 68, xxxiii. 616; art. JUNIUS, 1803, Nos. 21, 22,
1813, No. 28; GIRDLESTONE, REV. J. L., in this Dictionary
Lee, Charles A., M.D. 1. Elements of Geology,
for Popular Use, N. York, 18mo. This is the standard
text-book in many academies in the United States. 2.
Human Physiology, ISmo. 3. Amer. ed. of Copland's Me-
dical Dictionary, 3 vols. Svo. See COPLAND, JAMES, M.D.
Lee, Charles Carter. Second ed., with Introd.
and Notes, of Henry Lee's Observations on the Writings
of Thomas Jefferson, &c., Phila., 1839, Svo; 1845. See
LEE, HENRY; George Tucker's Life of Thomas Jefferson.
Ten Years in Oregon,
Lee, D., and J. H. Frost.
N. York, 1844, 12mo.
Lee, Day Kellogg. 1. Summerfield; or, Life on
a Farm, Auburn, N. York, 1852, 16mo. 2. The Master-
Builder; or, Life at a Trade, N. York, 1854, 12mo.
Highly
Highly commended. 3. Merrimack; or, Life at the
Loom, 1854, 12mo.
Lee, Edward, 1482–1544, Archbishop of York, 1531,
pub. some Latin commentaries on the Scriptures, and tracts
in the same language. See Athen. Oxon.; Dodd's Ch. Hist.,
More's Life of Sir T. More; Strype's Life of Cranmer.
"He was a very great divine, and very well seen in all kinds of
learning, famous as well for his wisdom as virtue and holiness of
life."-WOOD: ubi supra.
Lee, Edward. Laws of Ireland, Dubl., 1734, 4to.
Lee, Edwin, has pub. many medical works, and
notes of his travels on the Continent, Lon., 1841–56.
and her sister, Mrs. Catherine Ann Warfield, both
Lee, Mrs. Eleanor Percy, formerly Miss Ware,
natives of Mississippi, have pub. in conjunction: 1. The
Wife of Leon, and other Poems, by the Sisters of the West,
N. York, 1843; 2d ed., Cincinnati, 1848. 2. The Indian
63
1073
LEE
LEE
Specimens of their
Specimens of their | Our Eyes may Deceive Us; a Comedy, 1787, 8vo. 3.
With Sophia Lee, The Canterbury Tales, 1797-1805, 5
vols. Svo. These were all Harriet's excepting two,-viz.:
The Young Lady's Tale, and The Clergyman's Tale,
which occupy a vol. and a half. Sophia also wrote the
Introduction to the whole series. The Canterbury Tales
(12 in all) were very popular, and 2d eds. of the first two
vols. were pub. in 1799. There have been recent eds. of
the whole,-viz.: in 1833, (Bentley's Standard Library,
vols. xii. and xiii.,) and in 1839. Mason Brothers, of New
York, are now (1857) issuing those of Harriet in 2 vols.
12mo, and Sophia's in 1 vol. 12mo. The Canterbury
Tales fell into the hands of Byron when he was fourteen
years of age: he remarks,
"There are fine things in The Canterbury Tales. Nothing of
Scott's is finer than The German Tale: I admired it when a boy,
and have continued to like what I did then. This, I remember,
particularly affected me.”
He also said of The Norman Tale:
Chamber and other Poems, 1846.
poetry, which has been favourably noticed, will be found
in Griswold's Female Poets of America. They have also
pub. some prose compositions; and Mrs. Warfield is the
author of a novel which Dr. Griswold-a most competent
critic-commended in high terms.
Lee, Mrs. Eliza Buckminster, daughter of the
Rev. Joseph Buckminster, D.D., was b. in Portsmouth,
New Hampshire, about the close of the last century. 1.
Sketches of a New England Village, Bost., 1838, 16mo.
2. Naomi, or Boston Two Hundred Years Ago; a Tale
of the Quaker Persecutions, Bost., 1848, 16mo. Reviewed
in Brownson's Quar. Rev., 2d ser., iii. 476. 3. Walt and
Valt; or, the Twins, Bost., 2 vols. 12mo. 4. Memoirs of
4. Memoirs of
Rev. Joseph Buckminster, D.D., and of his Son, Rev.
Joseph Stevens Buckminster, Bost., 1849, 12mo; 1851,
12mo.
"The strong feeling which has guided her pen lends a peculiar
charm to the book, and we lay it down with a consciousness that
it has enlarged our sympathies and aided our appreciation of what
is most lovely and excellent in human character. It is written
with remarkable grace and finish of style."-FRANCIS BOWEN :
N. Amer. Rev., Ixix. 353–375. q. v.
"A gentleman from this city, now in Europe, lately paid a visit
to Thomas Carlyle. He found him living at Chelsea, on the
Thames, in the simplest manner, in a small house in quite a re-
tired situation. He talks much of American affairs, still holding
to his old opinion that Franklin is our greatest man. He said he
had some years ago read a book which gave a much better account
of the higher sort of character in New England than any thing he
had seen since Franklin's writings. That book, he said, gave him
an insight into the real, inner life of the highest natures, and was
a most valuable work. It was the Memoir of the Buckminsters,
by Mrs. Lee."-Boston Transcript, Aug. 1857.
See also Chris. Exam., xlvii. 169, (by G. Ticknor and
A. Norton ;) New Englander, viii. 30; Notice of J. S.
Buckminster's Serms., Chris. Exam., vii. 43; Chris.
Month. Spec., v. 145; Sale of his Library, Gen. Repos.,
ii. 392. 5. Florence, the Parish Orphan, 1850, 16mo;
1852, 16mo. 6. Life of Jean Paul Frederick Richter;
with his Autobiography, N. York, 12mo.
Lee, F. V. Rateability of Property to the Relief
of the Poor, &c., Lon., 1830, 12mo.
Lee, Francis, M.D., 1660-1719, Fellow of St. John's
College, Oxford, wrote many works, almost all of which
were pub. anonymously or in the names of others. A
collection of some of his Dissertations, Theological, Mathe-
matical, and Physical, was pub., Lon., 1752, 2 vols. Svo.
Among his important works were A History of Montanism,
&c., 1709, Svo, and An Epistolary Discourse concerning
the Books of Ezra, 1722, Svo. His mystic poems are
thought to possess great merit.
Lee, Francis. Translation from the Greck Poets,
&c., Lon., 1803-08.
Lee, Francis B., pub. a Poem, a Farce, &c., Lon.,
1771-76.
Lee, H. P. New Threshing Machine; Nic. Jour.,
1811.
Lee, Rev. H. W. Prayers for Children, 1832.
Lee, Mrs. Hannah F., (the wife of Mr. George G.
Lee,) a native of Newburyport, Mass., but for many years
a resident of Boston, Mass., we believe commenced author-
ship by contributing the Notices in continuation, by a
Friend, which comprise the latter half of Hannah Adams's
Autobiography, pub. by Dr. Joseph Tuckerman in 1832;
since then she has pub. anonymously a number of works,
of which the following are all that we can identify: 1.
Grace Seymour; a Novel, 1835. 2. Three Experiments
of Living, 1838. Of this work about thirty eds. have been
pub. in America and several in England. 3. Elinor Ful-
ton: a Sequel to Three Experiments of Living. 4. Fami-
liar Sketches of the Old Painters, 1838, 16mo.
This is a delightful book, especially for the young. It is full
of taste and right feeling, and contains instruction for the heart as
well as the head."-Bishop Potter's Hund-Book for Readers and
Students.
5. Luther and his Times. 6. Cranmer and his Times.
6. Cranmer and his Times.
7. Huguenots in France and America, 2 vols. 8vo. 8.
Rosanna; or, Scenes in Boston. 9. Rich Enough. 10.
The Contrast; or, Different Modes of Education. 11. The
World before You; or, The Log Cabin. 12. Stories from
Life for the Young, 1849, 16mo. 13. Familiar Sketches
of Sculpture and Sculptors, 1852, 2 vols. 16mo. 14. Me-
inoir of Pierre Toussaint, 1853, 16mo. Mrs. Lee's writings
have exerted a most beneficial effect upon the tone of
American society.
Lee, Harriet, 1756-1851, the daughter of an actor,
was for many years engaged, in conjunction with her
sister Sophia, in the management of the Belvidere House,
-an academy at Bath. 1. The Errors of Innocence; a
Novel, 1786, 5 vols. 12mo. 2. The New Peerage, or
"It made a deep impression on me, and may be said to contain
the germ of much that I have since written."
Referring to this, Chambers's Cyclopedia of English
Literature says,
"The public were unanimous in considering Harriet Lee as
more interesting, passionate, and even more poetical than her
illustrious imitator."
The republication in England of The Canterbury Tales
(in Bentley's Standard Library) was hailed with great
delight:
"To read The Canterbury Tales of Miss Lec once more is a
species of temporary regeneration. There is scarcely any edu-
cated person of this century who has not, at some time or other,
drawn a sincere pleasure from these pages. The different tales
have been to many like turning down a leaf in life. . . . The
Officer's Tale perhaps was read on some sunny bank in a pleasant
land, a stolen pleasure. On The German's Tale perhaps two
hearts beat in unison, trembled in harmony, and, when sharing a
mutual agitation,-two heads bent over the mystic page,-they
turned round to see each other's fright reflected in well-known
and well-loved features. Even now we feel a shiver running over
the frame as we call to mind the fearful whisper of the name of
Kruitzner amidst the silent throng of a kneeling congregation in
the cathedral. . . . We may be pardoned for approaching this
number of The Standard Novels with feelings of far more interest
than we take up any new novel of the day.”—Lon. Spectator.
Few readers of entertaining literature can be ignorant of these
popular productions, and we are therefore spared the necessity
of saying how much we have been excited by a perusal of Mont-
ford, how deeply entertained by the narrative of Arundel. how
truly affected by the stories of Constance and Lothaire. The purg
morality which reigns through these tales-which we can scarcely
dare to call fictions-will render them the most eligible reading
for young persons. They ought to be in every family library."—
Edinburgh Post.
In 1821, whilst living at Pisa, Byron dramatized
Kruitzner, and pub. his version under the title of Wer-
ner; or, The Inheritance. See Blackwood's Mag., xii.
712, xv. 196. Harriet Lee also wrote a play, chiefly
founded on Kruitzner, entitled The Three Strangers. It
was played in 1835, but was unsuccessful.
4. Clara Lennox; a Novel, 1797, 2 vols. 5. The Mys-
terious Marriage, or The Heirship of Roselva; a Play,
1798, 8vo. Biographical Accounts of Harriet Lee will be
found in Lon. Gent. Mag., Sept. 1851, 326, and (from the
Lady's Companion) in the Living Age, xxxi. 329.
Lee, Henry, D.D. 1. Notes on Locke on the Under-
standing, Lon., 1702, fol. 2. Serm., 1728, 4to. 3. Serm.,
1730, Svo.
Lee, Henry. Theolog. treatises, &c., Lon., 1751-67.
Lee, Henry. Caleb Quotem; an Opera, 1810, 8vo.
Lee, Henry, 1756-1818, Lieutenant-Colonel Com-
mandant of the Partisan Legion during the American
war, a native of Virginia, graduated at Princeton Collego
in 1773, was elected a member of Congress in 1786, and
again in 1799, and in 1792 was made Governor of Vir-
ginia. He gained honourable distinction in every post
1. Oration on General George
Washington, 1800. 2. Memoirs of the War in the
Southern Department of the United States, Phila., 1812,
2 vols. 8vo; new ed., with Corrections by the author, and
with Notes and Addits. by Henry Lee, Washington, D.C.,
1827, 8vo. See LEE, HENRY, (post.)
to which he was called.
Lee, Henry, 1787-1837, a native of Virginia, son
of the preceding, was educated at William and Mary Col-
lege, and in 1812 became a major in the United States
army. He died at Paris whilst engaged in the prepara-
tion of his unfinished Life of Napoleon Bonaparte. 1.
The Campaign of 1781 in the Carolinas; with Remarks,
Historical and Critical, on Johnson's Life of Greeno, &c.,
Phila., 1824, 8vo. 2. Observations on the Writings of
Thomas Jefferson, with particular reference to the attack
they contain on the meinory of the late General Henry
Lee; in a Series of Letters, N. York, 1832, Svo; 2d ed.,
1074
LEE
LEE
Phila., 1839, 8vo. See LEE, CHARLES CARTER; LEE,
HENRY, No. 2, (anto;) George Tucker's Life of Thomas
Jefferson. 3. The Life of the Emperor Napoleon, &c.,
N. York and Paris, 1835. This vol. brings the narrative
down to the year 1796. After the author's death, (which
occurred before the completion of his labours,) the above
vol. and some materials subsequently prepared were pub.
in London and Paris under the title of The Life of Napo-
leon Bonaparte down to the Peace of Toleration and the
Close of his First Campaign in Italy, r. 8vo. Lee is a
warm advocate of Napoleon.
|
Lee, Henry, Surgeon to the Lock Hospital, London.
1. Inflammation of the Veins, Lon., 1850, 8vo. 2. Patho-
logical and Surgical Observations: Hæmorrhoidal Tu-
mours, &c., 1854, Svo.
"We have perused Mr. Lee's work with great pleasure, and feel
convinced that he has opened much new ground in Pathology and
Practical Surgery.”—Lôn. Med. Timcs and Gazette.
Lee, Holme.
1. Gilbert Massinger. 2. Thornley
Hall. 3. Kathie Brande; a Fireside History of a Quiet
Life, 1857, 2 vols. Other works. A notice of this lady's
last novel-Kathie Brande-will be found in the West-
minster Review, Jan. 1857.
Lee, J. Laws of Shipping and Insurance; 5th ed.,
Lon., 1851, 12mo.
Lee, J. Y. 1. Treat. on the Evidence of Abstracts of
Title to Real Property, Lou., 1843, 8vo. 2. Costs in Bank-
ruptcy, new scale, 1855. 12mo.
Lee, James, d. 1795. 1. Introduc. to Botany, Lon.
1760, Svo; last ed., by, C. Stewart, Edin., 1805, Svo. 2.
Specimens of Butterflies, 1806, fol. 3. Dictionary of Bo-
tanical Terms, 1813, Svo.
Lee, James, M.D. Hernia; Memoirs Med., 1805.
Lee, John, M.D. Medical treatises, 1782, &c.
Lee, John. Bible Societies in Scotland, 1824.
Lee, Jonathan, d. 1788, aged 70, first minister of
Salisbury, Conn. 1. Serm., 1766. 2. Serm., 1787.
Lee, Rev. Joseph. A Vindication of a Regulated
Inclosure, Lon., 1656, 4to.
Lee, Joseph, d. 1819, aged 77, first minister of Royal-
ston, Mass.
1. Four Serms., 1782, 12mo. 2. Serm., 1803.
Lee, Rev. L. M. Advice to a Young Convert, N.
York, 12mo.
Lee, Loon. Remonstrance to Parliament on the
Miseries of the Poor of London, Lon., 1644, 4to.
Lee, Rev. Luther. Elements of Theology, N. York,
1857, Svo, pp. 580.
Lee, Mary Elizabeth, 1813-1849, a native of
Charleston, S.C., a daughter of William Lee, and a niece
of Judge Thomas Lee, contributed many prose and poetical
articles to The Southern Rose, Graham's Magazine, Go-
dey's Lady's Book, New Orleans Miscellany, Philadelphia
Courier, Token, Gem, Gift. Whitaker's Journal, Southern
Literary Messenger, and Orion Magazine. A vol. of her
poems was pub. in 1851. Charleston, Svo, pp. 224, with a
memoir by the Rev. Samuel Gilman, D.D. Her prose
writings have not been collected; but the vol. pub. in the
Massachusetts' School Library, entitled Social Evenings,
or Historica! Tales for Youth, is from her pen. Of her
poetical pieces, perhaps the best-known is The Blind
Negro Communicant. Miss Lee was a zealous scholar,
and possessed a remarkable talent for the acquisition of
languages. See Southern Quar. Rev., xix. 518.
Lee, Matthew. 1. Certamen elegiacum novem Mu-
sarum, Lon., 1600, 4to. 2. Liber de triumphata Barbarie,
1621, 4to.
Oratio Anniversaria Harveiana,
Lee, Matthew.
Lon., 1796, 4to.
Lee, Nathaniel, 1657 ?-1691 or 1692, the son of Dr.
Richard Lee, rector of Hatfield, Hertfordshire, after leaving
Trinity College, Cambridge, made an unsuccessful attempt
as an actor, and finally settled down as a dramatic author.
Habits of dissipation resulted in insanity, which led to
his confinement for four years in Bedlam, from which he
was discharged in 1688, little to his benefit,-as about
three years later he was killed in a street-brawl during a
drunken frolic. Lee was the author of ten tragedies and
one (The Princess of Cleve) tragi-comedy, viz.: 1. Nero.
2. Sophonisba. 3. Gloriana. 4. The Rival Queens; or,
4. The Rival Queens; or,
The Death of Alexander the Great. 5. Mithridates. 6.
Theodosius; or, The Force of Love. 7. Cæsar Borgia.
8. Lucius Junius Brutus. 9. Constantine the Great. 10.
The Princess of Cleve. 11. The Massacre of Paris. He
was also joint author, with Dryden, of Edipus, and The
Duke of Guise, tragedies. Lee's pieces were all pub. so-
parately (save Sophonisba and Gloriana, which appeared
in one vol., 1676, 4to) between 1675 and '90. Collective
eds. of his Dramatic Works were pub. in 1692, 2 vols. 4to;
1713, 2 vols. 8vo; 1722, 3 vols. 12mo; 1733, 3 vols. 12ino;
1734, 3 vols. 8vo. His best pieces are The Rival Queens;
The Death of Alexander the Great; Theodosius, or the
Force of Love; Mithridates; and Lucius Junius Brutus.
It has long been the fashion to laugh at Nat. Lee as a
Bedlamite, (metaphorically as well as literally,) and cer-
tainly many of his rhapsodies are crazy enough: but there
is also much true poetry in some of his declamations. He
was by no means unconscious of the criticisms which were
freely levelled at him, even in his lifetime, as his dedica-
tion of Theodosius to the Duchess of Richmond amply
proves :
"It has often been observed against me." he says, "that I abound
in ungoverned fancy; but I hope the world will pardon the sallies
of youth. Age, despondence, and dullness come too fast of them-
selves. I discommend no man for keeping the beaten road: but I
am sure the noble hunters that follow the game must leap hedges
and ditches sometimes, and run at all, or never come into the fall
of the quarry. My comfort is. I cannot be so ridiculous a creature
to any man as I am to myself: for who should know the house so
well as the good man at home?- who, when his neighbours come
to see him, still sets the best rooms to view; and, if he be not a
wilful ass, keeps rubbish and lumber in some dark hole, where no-
body comes but himself, to mortifie at melancholy hours.”
Certainly his friend Dryden was greatly to blame for
his injudicious (if indeed sincere) encouragement of Lee's
Bombastes vein. The extravagance of the tragedy of
Alexander has been not a little ridiculed: but what does
Dryden say of it to the author?
"Such praise is yours:-while you the passions move,
That 'tis no longer feign'd, 'tis real love,
Where Nature triumphs over wretched art:
We only warm the head, but you the heart.
Always you warm! and if the rising year,
As in hot regions, bring the sun too near,
'Tis but to make your fragrant spices blow,
Which in our colder climates will not grow.
Despise those drones who praise while they accuse
The too much vigour of your youthful muse:—
That humble stile which they their virtue make
Is in your power: you need but stoop and take.”
It may be well enough to quote a passage from Alex-
ander which has elicited rather opposite opinions from
two famous critics:
Lee introduces Alexander the Great, saying,
"When Glory, like the dazzling eagle, stood
Perch'd on my beaver in the Granic flood.-
When Fortune's self my standard trembling bore,
And the pale Fates stood frighted on the shore,-
When the Immortals on the billows rode,
And I myself appeared the leading God !”
Bishop Warburton declares that this passage contains
"not only the most sublime, but the most judicious, imagery
that poetry could conceive or paint."
Joseph Warton, on the other hand, asserts that
turgid expression and genuine fustian and bombast."
"we have not in our language a more striking example of
These erudite critics are about equally wrong. Few ad-
mirers of the Bombastes school would venture to endorse
Warburton's eulogy; and that Warton greatly erred in
assigning to the passage just quoted pre-eminence in ex-
travagance, can be easily demonstrated by any one who
chooses to cite scores of passages from Nat. Lee himself.
For instance, take this:
"I found her on the floor.-
In all the storm of grief, yet beautiful,-
Pouring forth tears at such a lavish rate,
That, were the world on fire, they might have drown'd
The wrath of Heaven, and quench'd the mighty ruin.”
Or this:
"Black, swarthy demons hold a hollow cloud,
And with long thunderbolts they drum aloud.
Or this:
"Were I in heaven, and saw him scorch'd in flames,
I would not spit my indignation down,
Lest I should cool his tongue."
sessed great genius:
But, as we have already stated, Lee undouitedly pos-
"He is, in spite of his proverbial extravagance, a man of poetical
mind and some dramatic skill."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe,
4th ed., 1854, iii, 524.
The extravagance of Lee was not the sheer extravagance of
the common herd of heroic-play manufacturers. Though it be
madness, yet there's method in it. His frenzy is the frenzy of a
poet. The hyperboles of others, even of Dryden himself. wero
forced, cold, and far-fetched. They cut lofty capers, because they
judged it proper or profitable so to do: Lee only indulged his na-
There is a sort of genuine passion in his
rarely to be met with in heroic ravings. His conceptions are not
extravagance, and it has, besides, a picturesque beauty, which is
abortive, though they may be grotesque. His forms are strange
enough, but they are well defined, and thrown out in bold relief.
Ilis visions flit palpably before us."—Lon. Retrospective Review,
tural exuberance.
1821, iii. 240–268.
This admirable review must be read by the student.
"Nathaniel Lee's Dramas are full of faults.-faults of the least
venial nature; but they are evidently the productions of a man of
=
1075
LEE
LEE
genius, and do not befray a single indication of imbecility or dul-
ness. Their characteristics are summed up in a saying of his own.
When the unfortunate author was confined in a straight-waistcoat
in Bedlam, a scribbler who went to visit him had the cruelty to
to write like a madman.
jeer at his dreadful malady, by observing that it was an easy thing
No,' said Lee, it is not an easy thing
to write like a madman, but it is very easy to write like a fool."
Henry Neele's Lects. on English Poetry, Lect. IV. p. 144.
Alas that poor Neele should himself have (so shortly
after writing the above) become a victim to the same
dreadful malady and fallen by his own hand! For further
information respecting Lee, see Cibber's Lives; Biog.
Dramat.; Censura Literaria; Spence's Anecdotes; Blackw.
Mag., ix. 280.
•
Lee, Mrs. R. See LEE, MRs. Sarah.
Lee, Rachel Fanny Antonia. 1. A Vindication
of her Conduct, 1807, Svo. 2. Essay on Government,
1803, '09, 8vo.
Lee, Richard, D.D. Serm., Lon., 1663, 4to.
Lee, Richard. His Deplorable Case, 1678, 4to.
Lee, Richard. Treatise of Captures in War, Lon.,
1759. Svo; 2d ed., Lon., 1803, 8vo. Partly a trans. of
Bynkershoek's Questiones Juris Publici; otherwise of
little value.
Lee, Richard. Flowers from Sharon, 1793, Svo.
Lee, Richard. 1. Serms., Lon., 1841, Svo. 2.
Hand-Book of Devotion, 1844, sq. 12mo. 3. Trans. of
Erastus on Excommunication, 1844, fp. 8vo.
Lee, Richard Henry, 1732-1797, a son of Thomas
Lee, of Stratford, Westmoreland county, Virginia, was
chosen President of the American Congress in 1784, and
held several other distinguished public positions. He was
one of the very first to oppose British oppression, the
mover of the Declaration of Independence, June 7, 1776,
and one of the most hearty, consistent, and energetic
friends of American freedom. He was the author of some
political letters, papers, &c. See Memoirs of his Life by
his grandson, Richard Henry Lee, Phila., 1825, 2 vols. Svo,
and a review of the latter, by Edward Everett, in the
North American Review, xxii. 373-400.
Lee, Richard Henry, of Leesburg, Virginia, grand-
son of the preceding. 1. Memoirs of the Life of Richard,
Henry Lee, Phila., 1825, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Life of Arthur
Lee, Bost., 1829, 2 vols. 8vo. Few families in America
Few families in America
have for so long a period, and in the persons of so many
representatives, enjoyed such honourable distinction as
the Lees of Virginia. All of the six sons of Thomas Lee,
of Stratford, President of the Council, who died in 1750,
were men of distinction. These were: 1. Philip Ludwell;
2. Thomas Ludwell; 3. Richard Henry; 4. Francis Light-
foot; 5. William; 6. Arthur.
Lee, Robert, M.D., Lecturer on Midwifery at St.
George's Hospital, London. 1. Researches on Diseases
of Women, Lon., 8vo. 2. Observations on Diseases of
the Uterus, Pt. 1, 1840, imp. 4to; 2, 1849, imp. 4to. 3.
Anatomy of the Nerves of the Uterus, &c., 1841, fol. 4.
Clinical Midwifery, 1840, fp. 8vo; 2d Amer. ed., from the
2d Lon. ed., Phila., r. 12mo; 1842, p. 8vo.
"More instructive to the juvenile practitioner than a score of
systematic works."-Lancet.
M
A storehouse of valuable facts and precedents."-Amer. Jour.
of Med. Sci.
5. Lects. on the Theory and Practice of Midwifery, 1844,
3vo; Amer. ed., Phila., 8vo. 6. Clinical Reports of Ovarian
and Uterine Diseases, 1853, 12mo; Amer. ed., Phila., 8vo.
Lee, Samuel, 1625-1691, a learned Non-conformist
divine, a native of London, from 1686 to '88 minister of
congregation at Bristol, Rhode Island, was captured by
the French on his way home, and died at St. Malo. He
was the author of Orbis Miraculum; or, The Temple of
Solomon pourtrayed by Scripture Light, Lon., 1659, '65,
fol.; other theolog. treatises, several serms., and Chronicon
Castrense, which is added to King's Vale Royal. See
Athen. Oxon.; Calamy; Dict. Hist., Supp.; Neal's Hist.
of New England; Account of the Origin of Bristol.
Lee, Samuel. Surgical tract, &c., 1754, '71.
Lee, Samuel, D.D., 1783-1852, a native of Longnor,
Shropshire, worked as a carpenter until he was twenty-five
years of age, but employed his leisure time in the acqui-
sition of the Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Chaldaic and Syriac
languages, to which he subsequently added a knowledge
of the Arabic, Persian, French, German, and Italian
tongues; entered Queen's Coll., Camb., 1813; ordained,
1817; elected Arabic Professor of the Univ. of Camb., 1819,
and Regius Professor of Hebrew, 1831. Among the more
important of his learned works (in addition to his eds.
of the Arabic, Persian, and Malay Scriptures, and labours
on the Syriac Old and New Testaments, 1816-23) were:
1. A Hebrew Grammar, 1830; 6th ed., 1844, 8vo. 2. Six
1076
Serms. on the Study of the Holy Scriptures, 1830, 8vo. 3.
Travels of John Batuta, trans. from the Arabic, 1833. 4.
The Book of Job, trans. from the Hebrew, 1837, 8vo. 5.
Hebrew, Chaldaic, and English Lexicon, 1840, Svo; 3d
ed., 1844, 8vo. 6. Inquiry into the Nature, Progress, and
End of Prophecy, 1849, Svo. 7. Visions of Daniel and
St. John, 1851, Svo. Among his minor productions may
be noticed Dissent Unscriptural and Unreasonable, 1834,
which produced a controversy with J. Pye Smith, D.D.
Three tracts were pub. by Lee, and two by Smith, all 1835,
8vo. See Lowndes's Brit. Lit. For further information
respecting this profound scholar and excellent divine, see
Lon. Gent. Mag., 1853, Pt. 1, 203; Blackw. Mag., xlix.
597; Horne's Bibl. Bib., 1849, 39, 48, 49, 196, 222, 223,
226, 275; Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 66, 294, 330, 962, 1148.
Lee, Mrs. Sarah, formerly Mrs. T. E. Bowdich,
1791-1856, the daughter of Mr. John Eglington Wallis, of
Colchester, assisted Mr. Bowdich in the preparation of seve-
ral of his works, and pub. a number under her last name,
VIZ. 1. History of British Fresh Water Fishes, 1830. 2.
Memoirs of Baron Cuvier, 1833, Svo. See Lon. Athenæum,
1833, 561. 3. Stories of Strange Lands, 1835. 4. Juve-
nile Album, 1841, 4to. 5. Sixth ed. of T. E. Bowdich's
Taxidermy, 1843, fp. Svo. 6. Elements of Natural History,
1844; 2d ed., 1850, 12mo. 7. Willie Frazier, 1846, 18mo.
S. The African Wanderers, 1847; 3d ed., 1854, 12mo. 9.
Adventures in Australia, 1851; 2d ed., 1854, 12mo. 10.
Anecdotes of the Habits and Instincts of Animals, 1852;
2d ed., 1854, fp. 8vo.
Instincts of Birds, Fishes, and Reptiles, 1852, 12mo. 12.
2d ed., 1854, fp. 8vo. 11. Anecdotes of the Habits and
mals, with Descriptions, 1852.
British Birds, with Descriptions, 1852. 13. British Ani-
14. The Farm and its
Scenes, 1852. 15. Familiar Natural History, 1853, 16mo.
16. Anecdotes of Birds, 1853, 12mo. 17. Twelve Stories
on the Sayings and Doings of Animals; 2d ed., 1854, sq..
18. Trees, Plants, and Flowers, 1854, 8vo.
Settlers; or, The Fagot House, 1855. 20. Sir Thomas,
19. Playing at
Adventures of a Cornish Baronet in Africa, 1856, 12mo.
Gent. Mag., 1856, Pt. 2, 653.
A biographical account of Mrs. Lee will be found in Lon.
Lee, Miss Sophia, 1750-1824, has already been no-
ticed in our article on her sister, Harriet Lee, to which,
and to the authorities there cited, also to Biog. Dramat.,
the Lon. Gent. Mag., 1824, Pt. 2, SS, and Blackw. Mag,
tions were: 1. The Chapter of Accidents; a Comedy, Lon.,
xv. 476, we refer the reader. Sophia's separate publica-
1780, 8vo.
Other Times, 1783-86, 6 vols. 12mo.
Successful. 2. The Recess; or, A Tale of
One of the earliest
English historical novels. Successful. 3. The Hermit's
Tale; a Poem, 1787, 4to. 4. Almeyda, Queen of Granada;
which met with but partial success.
a Tragedy, 1796, Svo. Mrs. Siddons acted in this play,
5. The Life of a
Lover; a Novel, 1804, 6 vols. 12mo. Written in early
life. 6. The Assignation; a Comedy, produced 1807, and
condemned the first night.
The Debauchee, (1810, 3 vols. 12mo,) which appears in the
Not printed. Ormond, or
list of Sophia Lee's publications in Watt's Bibl. Brit., was
not written by her. Respecting this fact, see Lon. Gent.
Mag., 1824, Pt. 2, S8, and 1851, Pt. 2, 326.
Lee, Stephen. The Atmosphere and its Effects on
Astronomical Observations; Phil. Trans., 1815; Phil.
Mag., 1815.
Lee, Thomas. Cow-Pox, Lon., 1802, 8vo.
Lee, Thomas. 1. Precedents of Declarations in
Assumpsit, Lon., 1812, 8vo. 2. Dict. of the Prac. in Civil
Actions; 2d ed., 1825, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. E. I. Company, &c.,
1812, 8vo. 4. Reports K. B. temp. Lord Hardwicke, 1815.
Lee, Thomas Hancock. The Origin and Progress
of the American Party in Politics, Phila., 1855, 12mo.
Lee, Rev. Wm. Elegiac Poem, Lon., 1788, Svo.
Lee, Rev. Wm. Discourses on the Inspiration of
the Holy Scriptures, its Nature and Proof, Lon., 1854, 8vo.
"This is a book for Biblical students, for the ministry, and for
readers who can appreciate the ample fruits of patient study and
the Bible."-Christian Observer.
extensive erudition on the nature and proofs of the inspiration of
Lee, Wm. Brief Chronicle of all the Chief Actions
so fatally falling out in these three kingdoms, 1662, 4to.
Lee, Wm. Ancient and Modern Hist. of Lewes and
Brighthelmstone, Lon., 1796, 8vo. Anon.
Leech, David. 1. Philosophin illachrymans, Aberd.,
1637, 4to. 2. Leochæi Poemata, Lon., 1657, 12mo.
Leech, Humphrey. The Triumph of Truth, Doway,
1609, 8vo. See an account of Leech in Athen. Oxon.
Leech, Jeremiah. Serm., Lon., 1644, 4to.
Leech, John. Joannis Leschaei Scoti Poemata et
Epigrammata, Lon., 1620, 12mo. Leech also pub. some
other Latin poems, and some serms., 1607-27.
LEE
LEG
Leech, John. Grammar Questions, 1650, 8vo.
Leech, John. Dissert, de Sanguinis Missione, Lugd.
Bat., 1725, 4to.
Leech, John, b. about 1816, in London, and educated
at the Charter House, has acquired great celebrity by his
caricatures in Punch, his illustrations of several of Albert
Smith's works, the Comic History of England, the Comic
History of Rome, Sponge's Sporting Tour, and several
works pub. under his own name,-The Rising Generation,
a series of Twelve Drawings on Stone, 1843, ob. fol.;
Pictures of Life and Character from the Collection of Mr.
Punch, 500 wood-cuts, 1856, ob. fol.; 2d series, over 600
wood-cuts, 1856, ob. fol., &c. He is now employed upon the
illustration of The Train, a periodical commenced Jan. 1,
1856. The Train, so far, (we write in April, 1857,) has
been very successful,-which is no marvel. See Lon.
Athenæum, Jan. 3, 1857, p. 14.
Leechman, William, D.D., 1706-1785, a divine
of the Church of Scotland, Prof. of Theolog. in the Univ.
of Glasgow about 1743, and Principal, 1761. A collective
ed. of his Serms., with a Life of the Author by Janes
Wodrow, D.D., was pub. in Lon., 1789, 2 vols. 8vo; new
ed., 1816, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Dr. Leechman's discourses have been much read, and still con-
tinue to be admired.”—Lon. Month. Rev.
"He had a remarkable talent of selecting what was most import
ant on every subject he handled; so that his arguments were never
specious, but solid,―urged at the same time with a degree of warmth
which carried the hearers along with him, for they were addressed
equally to the judgment and to the heart."-DR. WODROW.
Leedes, John. Papers in Med. Com., 1788, '93.
Leeds, Daniel, "Student in Agriculture," has the
credit of being the author of the first book printed in
Pennsylvania,-viz.: An Almanac for the Year of the
Christian Account 1687, &c.; printed and sold by Wm.
Bradford, near Philadelphia. After he left the province,
he pub. a book against the Quakers, entitled A Trumpet
sounded out of the Wilderness of America, &c. This was
also printed by Wm. Bradford, but in New York, in 1699.
See Fisher's Early Poets of Penna.; Notes on the Pro-
vincial Lit. of Penna., by Thomas I. Wharton, read at a
meeting of the Council of the Hist. Soc. of Penna., Sept.
21, 1825; in Mem. Hist. Soc. of Penna., vol. i. 105.
Leeds, Duke of. See DANBY.
!
Greek educational manuals, Lon.,
Leeds, Edward.
1678-1706.
Leeds, John, Surveyor-General of the Province of
Maryland. Observ. of the Transit of Venus, June 3, 1769;
Phil. Trans., 1769.
Leeds, William Henry. 1. The Clubs of London,
with Anecdotes, Lon., 2 vols. p. 8vo. 2. Rudimentary
Treatise on Architecture, 1848, 12mo; 1853. Editor of
the Civil Engineer's and Architect's Journal, 1839-54; of
the Land and Building News, 1855–56; one of the authors
of Weale's London Exhibited in 1851, p. Svo.
7.
Leeke, Robert. Eight separate serms.. 1728-48.
Leese, Edward. Vaccination, Lon., 1812, Svo.
Leeser, Isaac, b. Dec. 12, 1806, at Neuenkirchen,
Westphalia, emigrated to Richmond, Virginia, 1824, mi-
nister of a Hebrew congregation in Philadelphia, 1829-50,
when he declined a re-election. 1. Instructions in the
Mosaic Religion; trans. from the German, 1830. 2. The
Jews and the Mosaic Law, 1833. 3. Discourses, Argu-
mentative and Devotional, on the Subject of the Jewish
Religion, 1836. 4. Portuguese Form of Prayer; in Hebrew
and English, 1837-38. 5. Hebrew Spelling and Reading
5. Hebrew Spelling and Reading
Book, 1838. 6. Catechism for Young Children, 1839.
Discourses, 1840. S. Edit. of Grace Aguilar's Spirit of
Judaism, 1842. 9. New ed. of the Pentateuch, 1845-46.
10. Descriptive Geography and Brief Historical Sketch
of Palestine; trans. from the Hebrew of Rabbi Joseph
Schwartz. 11. Trans. of the Holy Scriptures [the Old
Testament] from the original' Hebrew, 1853, 4to; 1856,
18mo. In 1843, Mr. Leeser commenced the publication
of a monthly magazine, entitled The Occident and Ame-
rican Jewish Advocate. See Men of the Time, N. York,
1852. Minister of the New Cong. Beth-El-Emeth, 1857.
Leeson, Hewling. His Case, 1803, Svo.
Lefanu, Mrs., sister to R. B. Sheridan. 1. The
Flowers; a Fairy Tale, 1810, 12mo. 2. Sons of Erin; a
Comedy, 1812, 8vo.
Lefanu, Alicia, daughter of the preceding. 1. Ro-
1. Ro-
sara's Chains; a Poem, Lon., 1812, Svo. 2. The Indian
Voyage; a Novel, 2 vols. 12mo. 3. Strathallan; a Novel,
1816, 4 vols. 12mo. 4. Helen Monteagle, 1818, 3 vols.
Other novels, &c.
Lefanu, Philip, D.D. Trans. of Letters of certain
Jews to Voltaire, Dubl, 1777, 2 vols. 8vo.
in 1754-55, Lon., 12mo.
British Embassy at the Court of St. Petersburg. 1. Ther-
Lefevre, Sir George, M.D., late Physician to the
velling Physician, 1843, 3 vols. p. Svo. 3. Apology for
mal Comfort, Lon.; 2d ed., 1843, 18mo. 2. Life of a Tra-
the Nerves, 1844.
the Nerves, 1844. p. 8vo; 1846. p. 8vo.
i
!
"In a medical point of view. Sir George Lefevre's Apology exhi-
bits the practical physician whom long experience has rendered
more doubtful of the power of active practice than the tyro. In a
literary sense his book is of a very popular character. The style
is clear, vigorous, and animated, with something of the easy plea-
santness which characterizes the man of the world. This renders
the work very readable.”—Lm. Spectator.
Lefroy, Chris. E. Review of Gandolphy, 1814, 8vo.
Lefroy, Thomas. See SCHOALES, JOHN.
Leftley, Charles. See Linley, William,
Legare, Hugh Swinton, 1797-1843, an eminent
American scholar, a native of Charleston, S. Carolina,
graduated with the highest honours at the college at Co-
lumbia, and subsequently continued his studies at Paris
and Edinburgh. In 1820, and again in 1824, he was
elected a member of the State Legislature; made Attorney-
General of South Carolina in 1830; Chargé d'Affaires at
in 1836; and in 1841 was appointed, by President Tyler,
the Court of Brussels, 1833; sent to the National Congress
Attorney-General of the United States. He died at Bos-
ton, at the residence of his friend, George Ticknor, June
20, 1843, whilst participating, as one of the Cabinet, in the
ceremonies connected with the completion of the Bunker
Hill Monument. A collection of the writings of Mr. Le-
gare, edited by his sister, was pub, in 1846, in two large
Journal on the Rhine, Extracts from his Private and Di-
8vo vols. Here will be found a Diary kept at Brussels, a
plomatic Correspondence, Orations and Speeches, and
Contributions to the New York and Southern Quarterly
Reviews, and a Memoir of the life of the author. His
principal contributions to the Southern Quarterly Review
are those on Classical Learning, Roman Literature, Cicero
de Republica, the Public Economy of Athens, the Lifo
and Works of D'Aguesseau, Jeremy Bentham and the
Utilitarians, Codification, Kent's Commentaries, Early
Spanish Ballads, the Miscellaneous Writings of Sir Philip
in America, The Travels of the Duke of Saxe-Weimar,
Sidney, Lord Byron's Letters and Journals, Hall's Travels
The Disowned, Tales of the Great St. Bernard, and the
Miscellanies of William Crofts :-.
:
tions to revealed religion which Voltaire has borrowed from our
by
"These letters contain an elegant answer to the various objec
English deists."-BISHOP WATSON.
Wesley, Brist., 1773, 12mo. 2. Original Letters, written
Lefevre, Mrs. 1. An Extract from her Letters,
:
"It is not too much to say of some of these essays," remarks Dr.
Griswold. after the enumeration of the preceding, “that they will
bear a favourable comparison with the best productions of their
kind; yet they are certainly inferior to the more carefully-prepared
papers which he gave to the world at a subsequent period.”—l'rose
Writers of America, q. v., 4th ed., 1852, 391.
His best-known articles in the New York Review are,
The Constitutional History of Greece, Demosthenes--the
Man, the Orator, and the Statesman, and The Origin,
History, and Influence of Roman Legislation. The title
of the last-named essay recalls forcibly to mind the dar-
ling object of Mr. Legare's aspirations,—the marriage of
the Civil and the Common Law. At home or abroad,
amidst the relaxations of leisure or the perplexities of
public duty, this favourite theory was never forgotten:
field of his ambition. Fifteen years ago [in 1828] I knew him as
"He considered the law as his pursuit.-as his object.-as the
an eminent lawyer. He afterwards went abroad in a diplomatic
capacity, and at Brussels, where he resided. devoted himself anew
to the study of the Civil Law, with a view to make it subservient
to the great object of his life, the expansion of the Common Law,
and the forcing into it the enlarged and liberal principles and just
about to accomplish; for his arguments before the Supreme Court
morality of the Roman Jurisprudence. This object he seemed
were crowded with the principles of the Roman Law, wrought
into the texture of the Common Law with great success. In every
sentence that I heard I was struck with the union of the two
systems. At the same time, the whole was wrought into a style
beautiful and chaste, but never passing from the line of the argu-
ment nor losing sight of the cause. His argumentation was
marked by the closest logic: at the same time. he had a presence
in speaking which I have never seen excelled. He had a warm,
rich style, but no declamation; for he knew that declamation
belongs neither to the jurist nor to the scholar."-Judge Story's
Address before the members of the Law School at Cambridge, June
22, 1843: in the Law Reporter, August, 1843, and in Story's Mis-
cell. Writings, 1852, 820–824.
For further information respecting Mr. Legare and his
writings, see Amer. Whig. Rev., ii. 416; South. Quar. Rev.,
iv. 347, ix. 321, xvi. 224; South. Lit. Mess.. ix. 570.
is to be deeply regretted that this accomplished scholar
and eminent jurist did not leave some great work upon
It
1077
LEG
LEI
those topics of legal lore which reverential regard and
passionate admiration had alike endeared to his bosom.
That he had meditated a translation of the Elementa
Juris Naturæ et Gentium of Heineccius, we have his own
confession to his friend Judge Story:
“It was only during the last summer [of 1842] that he wrote to
me that he intended to translate Heineccius's Elements; for he
wished, he said, to entice the American lawyer to the study of the
Civil Law. He added that he had nothing to gain by undertaking
such a work, but that he would undergo the labor as a homage to
his country. Knowing his eminent qualifications for the task. I
advised him to make the translation, and to add to it notes of his
own, so as to adapt the principles to the existing state of the Com-
mon Law,-telling him that he would thereby confer a benefit on
his country which no man of his age would be likely to exceed."-
Judge Story's Address, ubi supra.
But it was not so written: Hugh Legare must be added
to the long list already chronicled in this volume, of those
who left unfinished monuments of good intentions, whose
devices were arrested by "the inexorable hour," and whose
"purposes"-to use the affecting language of the patriarch
-were broken off" in the midst.
66
Legare, J. M., of Charleston, S. Carolina, a relative
of the preceding, pub. in 1848, Orta Undis, and other
Poems, in Latin and English. He has also contributed
a number of essays to various periodicals, some of which
have been commended.
Leggatt, Robert. Catechism, Wesl., 1545, 12mo.
Legge, Hon. Capt. Edward. Eclipse of the Moon,
Dec. 21, 1740; Phil. Trans., 1742.
Legge, Rev. George, LL.D. Discourses, 1845,
12mo.
Legge, Thomas. Law of Outlawry and Practice in
Civil Actions, Lon., 1779, 8vo.
Legge, William, Lord Dartmouth. Preamble
Preamble
to his Patent of Peerage, Lon., 1711, 4to.
Le Geyt, Rev. Philip. Observations on the Bill
rel. to the Marriages of Dissenters, &c., Lon., 1827, Svo.
Leggett, Richard. Theolog. treatises, 1794-98.
Leggett, William, 1802-1840, a political and mis-
cellaneous writer of considerable reputation, was a native
of the city of New York, educated at the Georgetown
College, D.C.; entered the United States Navy as a mid-
shipman in 1822; retired from the service in 1826: esta-
blished The Critic, a weekly literary gazette, in 1828; was
connected with William C. Bryant in the editorship of the
New York Evening Post, 1829-36; commenced the publi-
cation of The Plaindealer, in 1836; appointed by Presi-
dent Van Buren diplomatic agent to the Republic of Gua-
temala, in April, 1840, but died in the following month,
whilst making preparations for his departure. His pub-
lished vols. are-1. Leisure Hours at Sea, N. York, 1825,
18mo. This is a collection of poems written whilst the
author was in the naval service. 2. Naval Stories, 12mo.
3. Tales by a Country Schoolmaster, 12mo. 4. Political
Writings, edited, with a Preface, by Theodore Sedgwick,
1840, 2 vols. 12mo. He was also the author of Block
House, in the Tales of Glauber Spa, 1822, of pieces in
The Mirror and the Atlantic Souvenir, was the principal
contributor to The Critic and The Plaindealer, and left
an unfinished novel, of which one vol. was printed. See
Sedgwick's Preface to Leggett's Political Writings, and
the Memoir of Leggett, by the same gentleman, in Gris-
wold's Biographical Annual, N. York, 1840; N. York Rev.,
viii. 383; Democrat. Rev., vii. 3. Mr. Bryant's poetical
tribute to the Memory of William Leggett-"The earth
may ring from shore to shore"-is doubtless well known
to many of our readers. Leggett had devoted friends,
Leggett had devoted friends,
and brilliant hopes were entertained of his future career :
Every year was softening his prejudices and calming his pas-
sions. Every year was enlarging his charities and widening the
bounds of his liberality. Had a more genial clime invigorated his
constitution and enabled him to return to his labours, a brilliant
and honourable future might have certainly been predicted of him.
He would not have left a name only as the conductor of a periodi-
cal press, he would not merely have left these transient and fleet-
ing memorials of his ability and rectitude. It is not the suggestion
of a too fond affection, but the voice of a calm judgment, which
declares that, whatever public career he had pursued, he must have
raised to his memory an imperishable monument, and that, as no
name is now dearer to his friends, so few could then have been
more honorably associated with the history of his country than
that of William Leggett."-THEODORE SEDGWICK, ubi supra.
Legh, Gerard. See LEIGH.
Legh, Thomas, M.P. Narrative of a Journey in
Egypt and the Country beyond the Cataracts, Lon., 1816,
4to, pp. 143.
"In a small compass, there is much new information in these
Travels, though not so much respecting the ancient country of the
Ethiopians, in which Mr. Legh went beyond inost former travellers,
as could have been wished. Some parts of the personal narrative are
uncommonly interesting."-Stevenson's Voyages and Travels, 597.
*
"Display the enterprise of a veracions traveller and a perspi
cnous and modest writer. . . It should be read by every one in
whose breast the mention of the river Nile produces something ap-
proaching to a convulsive sob.”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 455.
"We have nothing to find fault with but the omissions.”—Lon.
Quar. Rev., xvi. 1–27. q. v.
Legoux, L. Elegiac Acrostick, Lon., 1811, Svo.
Legrew, James. The Sculpture of the various Na-
tions referred to in the Old Testament, Lon., 1845, 12mo.
Le Grice, Charles Valentine... Serms., a Poem,
a Novel, &c., Lon.. 1794-1821.
Le Grosse, Robert. Iter Australe, Lon., 1667, 4to.
Le Hardy, Charles. Parsnips; Nic. Jour., 1811.
Leicester, Earl of. See DUDLEY, ROBERT.
Leicester, Francis. Two Serms., Lon., 1786, 8vo.
Leicester. See LEYCester.
Leichman, William. See LEECHMAN.
Leidy, Joseph, M.D., b. in Philadelphia, Sept. 9,
1823, studied medicine with Drs. James McClintock and
Paul B. Goddard, and graduated at the University of Penn-
sylvania in 1844; Demonstrator of Anatomy in the Frank-
lin Medical Academy, 1846; Professor of Anatomy in the
University of Pennsylvania, 1853. A biographical account
of this distinguished physician-for Dr. Leidy has already
deservedly acquired extensive reputation on both sides of
the Atlantic-will be found in the New Jersey Medical
Reporter for September, 1853. To this periodical we are
also indebted for the following list of Dr. Leidy's published
contributions to the literature of medicine, zoology,
botany, &c.
In the American Journal of the Medical Sciences:
1. On several Important Points in the Anatomy of the Human
Larynx, xxiii. 141. 2. Researches into the Comparative Structure
of the Liver, xxv. 13. 3. On the Intimate Structure and History
of the Articular Cartilages, xxvi. 277. 4. On some Peculiar Bodies
observed in the Human Subject, xl. 80.
In the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences:
5. Notes taken on a Visit to White Pond, in Warren county. N.
J., ii. 279. 6. Remarks upon the Anatomy of the Abdominal Vis-
cera of the Sloth, Bradypus tridactylis, Linn., iii. 72. 7. On the
Anatomy of Spectrum femoratum, Say, iii. 80. 8. Description of a
New Genus and Species of Entozoa, iii. 100. 9. On the Mechanism
which closes the Membranous Wings of the Genus Locusta, iii. 104
10. On Trichina in the Hog, iii. 107. 11. On the Situation of the
Olfactory Sense in the Terrestrial Tribe of the Gasteropodous Mol
lusca, iii. 136. 12. On the Existence of a Spiculum of Bone in the
Human Subject at the Point of Emergence of the Trigeminus Nerve
from the Dura Mater, iii. 198.
from the Dura Mater, iii. 198. 13. On Distoma helicis, iii. 220. 14.
On a Curious Optical Illusion. arising from the Peculiar Structure
of the Intervertebral Substance of Man. iii. 243. 15. Description
and Anatomy of a New and Curious Sub-genus of Planaria, iii. 248.
16. Description of Two New Species of Planaria, iii. 251. 17. On
the Fossil Horse of America, iii. 262. 18. On the slow Destructi-
bility of Animal Tissues in Certain States, iii. 313. 19. On a New
Genus and Species of Fossil Ruminantia: Pæbrotherium Wilsoni,
iii. 322. 20. Remarks on Remains of the Extinct Horse of America,
iii. 328. 21. On the Existence of the Eye in the Perfect Condition
of the Cirrhopoda, iv. 1. 22. On some Bodies in the Boa Constrictor
resembling the Pacinian Corpuscles, iv. 27. 23. On a New Fossil
Genus and Species of Ruminantoid Pachydermata: Merycoidodon
Culbertsmii, iv. 47. 24. On the Development of the Perkinjean
Corpuscle in Bone, iv. 116. 25. On the Intimate Structure of Ar-
ticular Cartilage, iv. 117. 26. On the Arrangement of the Areolar
Sheath of Muscular Fasciculi and its Relation to the Tendon, iv.
119. 27. On the Existence of the Intermaxillary Bone in the Hu
man Subject, iv. 145. 28. On Tupirus Americunus Fossilis, iv. 180.
29. On the Vegetable Parasites of Animals, with a Description of
New Genera and Species, iv. 225. 30. On New Genera and Species
of Entozoa, iv. 229. 31. On the Odoriferous Glands of the Inver-
tebrata, iv. 234. 32. Descriptions of New Genera and Species of
Entophyta, iv. 249. 33. Remarks on the Vegetable and Animal
Parasites of Animals, v. 7, 8. 34. On some Crystalline Bodies in the
Gastric Mucous Membrane of the Larva of a Lepidopterous Insect,
v. 32. 35. On New Species of American Annelida abranchia, v. 34.
36. Descriptions of New Entophyta growing within Animals, v. 35.
37. On Two New Genera of Extinct Mammalia: Eucrotaphus ack-
soni and Archæotherium Mortoni, v. 90. 38. Contributions to Hel-
minthology, v. 96. 39. Notes on the Development of the Gordis
aquaticus. v. 98. 40. Two, New Species of Infusorial Entozoa, v.
100. 41. Description of some Neniatoid Entozoa infesting Insects,
v. 100. 42. Description of Three Filari, v. 117. 43. On a New
Species of Extinct Rhinoceros: R. Occidentalis, v. 119. 44. On
the Nettling Organs of the Hydra, v. 119. 45. On Remains of Ex-
tinct Mammalia from Nebraska, v. 121. 46. Description of New
Genera of Vermes, v. 124. 47. Descriptions of New Species of En-
tozoa, v. 155. 48. On some Extinct Species of Turtles from No-
braska, v. 172, 173.
braska, v. 172, 173. 49. On the Transplantation of Cancer in the
Frog, v. 201. 50. On the Fungus Disease of the Mole Cricket, v.
204. 51. Contributions to Helminthology, v. 205. 52. On the In-
troduction of Parasites into Animals, v. 210. 53. On the Trans.
plantation of Cancer in Frogs, v. 212. 54. Helminthological Coы-
tributions, v. 224. 55. On Extinct Ruminant Ungulates from Ne
On Plumatella diffusa, v. 261. 58. On American Species of Gordius,
v. 537. 56.
v. 239. 57.
v. 282. 59. On Cristatella magnifica, v. 265, 60. On the Repro
duction of Gordius, y 266. 61. On Gordius Parasitic in the Grass-
hopper, and on a new Species of Mermis. v. 275. 62. On Extinct
Mammalia from Nebraska, v. 276. 63. On Spongilla fragilis, v.
278. 64. Corrections and Additions to former Papers on Helmin-
thology, published in the Proceedings of the Academy, v. 284. 65.
1078
LEI
LEI
On an Extinct Crocodile: Crocodilus antiquus, v. 307. 66. On two!
new Species of Extinct Whales, v. 308, 67. On some American
Freshwater Polyzoa, v. 320. 68. On new Species of Extinct Rep-
tilia and Mammalia, v. 325. 69. On some Extinct Turtles and Mam-
mals, v. 329. 70. Contributions to Helminthology, v. 349. 71. On
a new Species of Extinct Turtle, vi. 34. 72. On new Species of
Extinct Cetacea and Sauria, vi. 35. 73. On a new Extinct Cetacean,
vi. 52. 74. On the Species of Hippopotamus, vi. 53. 75. On the
Fossil Turtles of Nebraska, vi. 59. 76. On Extinct Species of Ame-
rican Ox. vi. 71. 77. On some Extinct American Mammalia, vi. 117.
78. On Tapirus Haysii, vi. 148. 79. On some Extinct Mammalia,
vi. 241. 80. On a new Species of Extinct Bear, vi. 303. 81. On
8ome Extinct Cetaceans, vi., No. 10. 82. On Extinct Mammalia and
Chelonia from Nebraska, vi., No. 10.
In the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences:
83. History and Anatomy of the Hemipterous Genus Belostoma,
1. 57. 84. Miscellanea Zoologica, i. 67,—Reprint from Proceedings.
85. Descriptions of two Species of Distoma, with the Partial fis-
tory of one of them, i. 301. 86. Descriptions of some American
Annelida abranchia, ii. 43. 87. Description of a new Species of
Crocodile from the Miocene of Virginia, ii. 135. 88. On the Oste-
ology of the head of the Hippopotamus, and a Description of the
Ostcological Character of a new Genus of Hippopotamidæ, ii. 207.
In the Transactions of the American Philosophical
Society:
89. On the Organization of the Genus Gregarina of Dufour, x.
233. 90. Some Observations on Nematoidea Imperfecta, and De-
scriptions of three Parasitic Infusoriæ, x. 241. 91. Description of
an Extinct Species of American Lion: Felis atrox, x. 319. 92. A
92. A
Memoir on the Extinct Dicotyline of America, x. 323.
In the Boston Journal of Natural History:
93. Anatomical Description of the Animal of Littorina anguli
fera, v. 344.
In the Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences:
•
94. Internal Anatomy of Corydalus cornutus in its three Stages
of Existence, iv. 162.
In the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge:
95. A Flora and Fauna within Living Animals, v. 96. Memoir
on the Extinct Species of American Ox, v. 97. The Ancient Fauna
of Nebraska, vi.
In the Report of a Geological Survey of Wisconsin, &c.,
by D. D. Owen:
98. Description of the Remains of Extinct Mammalia and Che-
Ionia from Nebraska Territory, 535.
In the Official Report of the U. S. Expedition to Explore
the Dead Sea, &c., by Lieut. Lynch, U.S.N.
99. Remarks on the Anatomy of Helix lithophaga, 207.
In the "Terrestrial Air-breathing Mollusks of the U.S,"
by A. Binney:
100. Special Anatomy of the Terrestrial Gasteropoda of the U.S.,
i. pp. 196-260. 101. American edition (from the 5th Lon. edit.) of
Quain and Sharpey's Quain's Anatomy, Phila., 1849, 2 vols. Svo, with
over 500 wood cuts. 102. Translation from the German of Gluge's
Atlas of Pathological Histology, Phila., imp. 4to, with 320 figures.
"Of infinite service to those who desire to investigate the subject
systematically."-Amer. Med. Jour.
"This catalogue of Dr. Leidy's publications, which will be very
valuable to scientific men, appears for the first time in print, and
is inserted by request of many of his friends both in this country
and in Europe."-Ubi supra.
To this list must be added:
103. A Memoir on the Extinct Sloth Tribe of North America;
. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 1855, 4to, pp. 70, 16
plates.
Among Dr. Leidy's contributions to the cause of science,
we must not omit to notice the anatomical details of the
species, together with the dissections and drawings, in Dr.
Amos Binney's Terrestrial Air-breathing Mollusks of the
United States, &c. See GOULD, AUGUSTUS ADDISON, M.D.,
No. 5.
"They constitute the most novel and important accessions to
science contained in the work, and are an honorable evidence of a
skill and industry which entitle him to a high rank among philo-
sophical zoologists.”—Dr. Binney's Preface, p. 26.
Leifchild, John, D.D., Independent minister of
Craven Chapel, London, since 1827. 1. On the Christian
Temper; or, Lects. on the Beatitudes, 1821, Svo.
"The design and the merits of this volume alike entitle it to our
warmest recommendations.”—Eclectic Review, Sept. 1821.
"We can only add, after an attentive perusal of this excellent
volume, as the best expression of our sentiments, that we wish it
may but prove as acceptable to others as to ourselves."-Lon. Christ.
Intr., Nov. 1821.
Į
Dr. L. has also pub. some single sermons. Accounts
Grant's Metropolitan Pulpit, 1839, vol. ii. 152; Pen-Pic-
of this popular preacher and author will be found in
tures of Popular English Preachers, 1852, 130.
3.
Leigh, Lord. 1. Epistles to a Friend in Town, Lon.,
12mo. 2. Fifth Epistle to a Friend in Town, 12mo.
Poems, 12mo. 4. Verses for Whitsuntide, 12mo. 5.
Walks in the Country; Poems, 12mo.
Leigh, Benjamin Watkins, LL.D., 1782-1849,
a native of Virginia, filled several important public posts.
Reports of Cases in the Ct. of Appeals and the Genl. Ct.
of Virginia, Jan. 1829-Dec. 1841, Richmond, 1830-44, 12
vols. 8vo.
Leigh, Chandos. The View, and other Poems,
Lon., 1820, 12mo.
"With no inconsiderable portion of poetical spirit. it displays
throughout the marks of an accomplished and cultivated mind.”
Elin. Review, xxv. 134-139.
1
Leigh, Charles, M.D., a London physician, pub.
several medical treatises, 1697-98, papers in Phil. Trans.,
1684, 1702, and the following works: 1. Phthisiologia
Lancastriensis, Lon., 1691, 4to. In Latin. 2. The Na-
tural Hist. of Lancashire, &c.; with Antiquities, Oxf.,
1700, fol. Chiefly a trans. of No. 1. Bishop Nicolson
speaks with much severity (but, Gough thinks, with equal
justice) of both these publications. 3. Hist. of Virginia,
1705, 12mo. See Athen. Oxon.;
See Athen. Oxon.; Gough's Topography;
Pultney's Sketches of Botany.
Leigh, Charles. Island of Love; a Poem, 1812, 8vo.
Leigh, Clement. Serm., 1813, 8vo.
Leigh, Mrs. Dorothy.
Mother's Blessing, 1616,
38, Svo.
Leigh, Edward, M.P., 1602-03-1671, a learned
lawyer, educated at Magdalene
lawyer, educated at Magdalene Hall, Oxford, expelled
from Parliament for his attempt to save the life of King
Charles by accepting his concessions, wrote a number
of theological, historical, legal, and other works, pub.
1633-78, of which the following are the principal: 1. The
First Twelve Cæsars, Oxon., 1635, Svo; enlarged ed.,
Romanorum, 1657, Svo; again, 1664, 8vo, and 1670, Svo.
pub. by his son, under the title of Analecta Cæsarum
2. Critica Sacra: containing Observations on all the
Radices of the Hebrew Words of the Old and the Greek
Best
of the New Testament, 1639, '42, '46, '50, '54, 4to.
English ed., 1662, fol., with Supp. Several foreign eds.:
see Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"A very valuable help to the understanding of the original lan-
guages of the sacred writings. .. The Critica Sacra not only
gives the literal sense of every word in the Old and New Testa-
ment, but enriches almost every definition with philological and
theological notes drawn from the publications of the best gram-
marians and critics then extant. To this work most succeeding
lexicographers on the Old and New Testament have been greatly
indebted."-Horne's Bibl. Bib., 1839, 211.
"A very good help. wherein the pith of what others have more
largely set forth is comprised."-WILLIAM Gouge, D.D.
..
· Leigh's Critica Sacra can hardly be reckoned, nor does it claim
to be, more than a compilation from earlier theologians It is an
alphabetical series of words from the Hebrew and Greek Testa-
ments, the author candidly admitting that he was not very con-
versant with the Latin language."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe,
4th ed.. Lon., 1854, ii. 357-358.
เ
3. A Treatise of Divinity, in 3 Pts., 1646, 4to; 1647,
4to; 1648, Svo; 1651, Svo. 4. Annotations upon the
New Testament, 1650, fol.
"These notes are generally short, but very judicious. As an
evidence of the estimation in which they have been held, they
were translated into Latin by Arnold, and published at Leipzig in
1732.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
gelical accuracy."-Bickersteth's C. S
"Chiefly compiled. but with considerable judgment and evan-
2. Abbreviated Discourses, Lon., Svo.
5. A Body of Divinity, in 10 Books, 1654, '62, fol.
"Contains much solid matter in an evangelical mode of state-
"An interesting volumo: the author's views are eminently scrip- | ment. He was considered one of the most learned men of his
tural and evangelical.”—Lowndes's Brit. Lib.
time, and was a friend of Apb. Usher."-Bickersteth's C. S.
6. Philological Commentary, 1651, '52, '58, '71, Svo.
7. Treat. of Religion and Learning, and of Religious and
Learned Men, 1656, fol.; reprinted as Felix Consortium,
&., 1663, fol.
3. Observ. on Providence, 12mo. 4. Help to Reading
the Scriptures; 2d ed., 1831, 12mo. Commended in
Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 66. 5. Sabbath-Day Book, 1845,
5. Sabbath-Day Book, 1845,
12mo; new ed., 1854. 6. Hymns edited by Dr. L., 1846,
32mo. Commended by James Montgomery, of Sheffield.
7. Counsels to a Young Minister, 18mo. Commended by
the Bristol Mercury and the Baptist Magazine. S. Chris-
tian Emigrant, 1849, 18mo; new ed., 1854. 9. Christian
Experience, 1853, Svo; 2d ed., 1854.
"Eminently adapted to promote the cause of spiritual religion."
Watchman.
It has long been esteemed for the remarks and references it
contains, but is now nearly superseded by recent authors.”-
Williams's C. P.
Orme remarks of the two parts of Critica Sacra:
"As lexicons they are imperfect; but they may frequently be
consulted with advantage. Parkhurst refers to them with re-
spect; and on the Continent they have been often reprinted."-
Bibl. Bib.
Full of biographical researches, and, though wrote in a puri-
tanical method, and violent against every thing but Calvinism, has
many curious passages in it."—COLE.
A
A work of considerable labour, but often incorrect, and gene-
rally unsatisfactory."-ORME.
S. Annotations on the Hagiographer, 1657. 9. Choice
French Proverbs, 1657, '64, Svo. 10. Annotations on the
1079
LEI
LEI
Five Poetical Books of the Old Testament, 1657, fol. 11. hibition of Christian charity occurred in June, 1630. Te
|
England Described, 1659, 8vo. See Bishop Nicolson's the shame of human nature, devils in human shape were
Eng. Hist. Lib., ed. 1776, p. 5. See Athen. Oxon; Ful- found ready to put the barbarous enactinent into force.
ler's Worthies; Nichols's Lit. Anec.
The whole of this mild sentence was carried into execu..
tion (we suppose, indeed, that Leighton never had the
"His Critica Sacra, with many other worthy works, will make
his judicious industry known to posterity."-FULLER: ubi supru.
Leigh, Sir Francis. Antiquarian papers in Hearne's
Collection, (1771,) i. 50, 276, ii. 81.
ability to pay the fine) save the last item: after the mar-
tyr had undergone eleven years' confinement in jail, his
in 1640. He is said to have died insane (in 1644 or '49)
prison-doors were thrown open by the Long Parliament
in consequence of the cruel hardships which he had suf-
fered. See An Epitome, &c. of his Troubles, 1646, 4to;
Neal's Hist. of the Puritans; Rushworth and Nalson's
histories of the period; Brook's Lives of the Puritans;
Collections; Granger's Biog. Hist. of Eng.; Hallam's
Constit. Hist. of England, 7th ed., 1854, ii. 36.
Leighton, H. Lingua Gallicæ Addiscendæ Regulæ,
Oxon., 1659, '62, 8vo.
Leigh, Gerard. The Accedence of Armorie, Lon.,
1562, '68, '72, '76, '91, '94, '97; augmented and corrected,
1612. 4to.
Leigh, J. H., and R. Dalzell. Treat. on the
Equitable Doctrine of the Conversion of Property, Lon.,
1825, 8vo.
"The subject is becoming as important and practical in this
country as in England, and has been clearly, succinctly, and ably
treated."-Hoff. Leg. Stu., 403.
Leigh, James Henry. Poems on Several Occa-
sions, Lon., 1790, 4to.
Leigh, John. Serm., Lon., 1654, 4to.
Leigh, John, M.D. On Opium, Edin., 1786, 8vo.
Leigh, Nicholas. On Marriage, Lon., 1568.
Leigh, P. B. 1. The Law-Student's Guide, Lon.,
1827, 12mo. 2. Treat. on the Game-Laws; 2d ed., 1838,
12mo. 3. Treat. on the Poor-Laws, 1838, 12mo.
Abridgt. of the Law of Nisi Prius, 1838, 2 vols. 8vo; 1st
Amer. ed., with Notes and References to the American
Cases decided subsequently to those referred to in Mr.
Wharton's ed. of Selwyn's Nisi Prius, by Hon. George
Sharswood, Phila., 1838, 2 vols. 8vo.
4.
"It is a much more practical book than Selwyn's, and more use
ful for circuit and court. The style of the book is lighter than
The style of the book is lighter than
Selwyn's: it is more manageable at the moment, and is, I think,
on the whole, a successful work."-PROF. WHITESIDE.
See 1 Leg. Rep., 299; 20 Amer. Jur., 453; 15 Leg.
Obs., 391; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 458; Sharswood's Pro-
fessional Ethics, Append., 120; or KENT, JAMES, LL.D.,
in this Dictionary.
Leigh, Richard. Letter to Don B. Mendoza, Lon.,
1588, 4to. Reprinted in vol. i. of Harleian Miscellany.
Leigh, Richard, a player. 1. Transposer Re-
hearsed, Oxf., 1673, Svo. 2. A Censure of the Rota on
Mr. Dryden's Conquest of Granada, 1673, 4to. 3. Poems,
Lon., 1675, 8vo.
Leigh, Richard. 1. Grieving's a Folly; a Com.,
Lon., 1809, Svo. 2. Where to Find a Friend; a Com.,
1815, 8vo.
Leigh, S. Guide-Books, &c., Lon., 1818-40.
Leigh, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1684, 4to.
Leigh, Thomas. Trial of Whiting, Camb., 1812,
8vo.
Leigh, Valentine. 1. Surveying of Landes, &c.,
Lon., 1577, 78, Svo; 1588, '92, '96, 4to. 2. Deathe's
General Proclamation, 8. a., 8vo. See Maunsell's Cata-
logue, 1595, fol., p. 42.
Leigh, W. H. 1. Reconnoitering Voyages and
Travels in South Australia in 1836-38, Lon., 1839, Svo.
Chancellor Kent, noticing (1) John Oxley's Expeditions
into the Interior of New South Wales in 1817-18, Lon.,
1820, 4to, (2.) Col. Sir T. Mitchell's Expeditions into
Eastern Australia, 1831 and 1835, 2d ed., 1838, 2 vols.
8vo, and Leigh's work just cited, remarks,
"These three works, and particularly the two first, are wonder-
fully well calculated to excite and gratify intense curiosity as to
the hidden recesses and solitudes and deserts of a mighty and
mysterious continent."-Oullines of a Course of English Read
ing, Oakley's' ed., 1853, p. 71.
2. The Emigrant; a Tale of Australia, 1847, 8vo.
Leigh, Rev. Wm. Serms., &c., Lon., 1606-13.
Leigh, Rev. Wm. Serms., &c., Lon., 1793-1803.
Leighton, Rev. Mr. Roman Baths; Archæol., 1789.
Leighton, Alexander, M.D., 1568-1644? a Scot-
tish divine, a physician, father of Archbishop Leighton,
will ever be remembered to the lasting disgrace of the
English Star-Chamber, as we shall see presently. 1.
Speculum Belli Sacra; or, The Looking-Glasse of the
Holy War. Printed, 1624, 8vo. 2. Appeal to the Par-
liament; or, Sion's Plea against the Prelacie. Printed
the year and moneth [Sept. 1628] wherein Rochell was
lost, 4to. Very rare; worth now (1857) about £3. A
2d ed., 4to, also without date, was printed abroad. For
publishing this book he was sentenced (1.) To be publicly
whipped at Westminster and set in the pillory; 2. To
have one side of his nose slit, one ear cut off, and one side
of his check branded with a hot iron; 3. To have the
whole of this repeated the next week at Cheapside; 4. To
have S. S. (Sower of Sedition) branded on his cheek with
a red-hot iron; 5. To pay a fine of £10,000; 6. To suffer
perpetual imprisonment in the Fleet. This beautiful ex-
This beautiful ex-
t
Leighton, Robert, D.D., 1611-1684, son of Dr.
Alexander Leighton, a native of Edinburgh, (according
to Pearson,) was educated at the university in that city,
and in 1641 became Presbyterian minister in the parish
of Newbattle, in the county of Edinburgh. He subse-
quently acted for ten years as Principal of the University
of Edinburgh; about 1662 became Bishop of Dunblane,
and in 1670 Archbishop of Glasgow. In 1673, after
vainly attempting to effect an amicable compromise be-
tween the Episcopalians and Presbyterians, Leighton ten-
dered his resignation, which, after a year's delay, was
reluctantly accepted by the king. The good divine ac-
cordingly retired to Broadhurst, in Sussex, where he
lived in retirement (but was constantly employed in
doing good) until 1684, when he was unexpectedly sum-
moned to London, and died there after six days' illness.
The works of Leighton-which consist of a Commentary
on the First Epistle of St. Peter, Lectures on different
portions of the Old and New Testaments, Sermons, and
theological tracts-were pub. collectively, with a Life of
the author by Rev. Erasmus Middleton, 1805, 4 vols.
Svo; by George Jerment, with his Life of Leighton,
1806, 6 vols. Svo; 1820, 4 vols. Svo; by Rev. J. N. Pear-
son, with his Life of Leighton, 1825, 4 vols. 8vo; 1828,
2 vols. 8vo; 1830, 4 vols. 8vo; also 1830, 2 vols. 8vo;
1846, 2 vols. 8vo; 1849, 2 vols. 8vo. Whole Works, with
Life by Aikman, 1837, Svo. An excellent ed. was pub.
by J. C. Riker, New York, 1845, г. Svo, pp. 800. This ed.
r.
contains Pearson's Life, a Table of the Texts of Scrip-
ture, and an Index of Subjects.
"This is the only complete edition of Leighton's Works, as it
contains every article found in both of the standard copies pub-
lished in London and Edinburgh. It comprises the Commentary
on the First Epistle of Peter, several minor Expositions on different
parts of the Scriptures, thirty-one Sermons, Theological Lectures,
Exhortations to Collegians, and other more concise pieces. The
value of this edition is greatly enhanced by the two indexes which
have been added to the volume, so that the archbishop's works are
for the first time published complete, and with the essential facili-
ties for the more edifying study of his superexcellent illustrations
of revealed truth."
A
steth as "a delightful piece of biography," and by the
Pearson's Life of Leighton is commended by Bicker-
British Critic as "a spirited and eloquent memoir."
number of Leighton's works have been pub. separately
from time to time, and Selections have been given to the
world. The last ed. of his Commentary on the First
Epistle of St. Peter was pub. in 1849; one by the S. P. C.
K., 2 vols. fp. 8vo; one by H. G. Bohn, 1849, Svo. The
Rev. J. Pye Smith, D.D., edited in 1836, (again pub.
1839,) 12mo, his Expositions on the Creed, the Lord's
Prayer, the Ten Commandments, &c. The Commentary
on St. Peter is the best-known and most highly prized ɔf
his productions.
"Perhaps there is no expository work in the English language
equal altogether to the exposition of Peter. It is rich in evangelical
sentiment and exalted devotion. The meaning is seldom missed,
and often admirably illustrated. There is learning without its
parade, theology divested of systematic stiffness, and eloquence in
a beautiful flow of unaffected language and appropriate imagery.
To say more would be unbecoming, and less could not be said with
justico."—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
..
This admirable Commentary is wholly practical, and has long
been admired for its piety. Dr. Doddridge, in his paraphrase on
this Epistle, has acknowledged himself deeply indebted to Arch-
bishop Leighton for many important hints."-Horne's Bill. Bib.
“Leighton on 1 Peter with the Prelections are productions of
uncommon worth."— Williams's C. P.
Of the Prælectiones Theologica an ed. was pub. by
Prof. Scholefield, 1828, 8vo: they were also pub. in Ward's
Library of Standard Divinity, No. 1, 1839, 8vo. Newton
calls the work
"A diamond set in gold," and said it united "the simplicity of
the gospel with all the captivating beauties of grace and style.”
1980
LEI
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"Consult the Academical Lectures of Archbishop Leighton, than
whom no man knew better how to render human attainments the
handmaids to personal and practical religion."—Christian Observer.
This is a true saying, and a cloud of witnesses can be
produced in its attestation :
"Not only is Müller's great work now worthily rendered into
English. but, with the elucidations of Mr. Leitch and the additions
"Archbishop Leighton had the greatest elevation of soul, the
of Herr Welcker, this is the best and most complete edition yet
largest compass of knowledge, the most mortified and most hea-published."-Lon. Athenæum.
venly disposition, that I over yet saw in mortal: he had the greatest
parts, as well as virtues, with the perfectest humility, that I ever
saw in man.”—BISHOP Burnet.
See LEWIS, SIR GEORGE CORNEWALL, BART., M.P., Nos.
2 and 9.
"There is a spirit in Leighton I never met with in any human.
writings, nor can I read many lines in them without being moved:
more sententious than Reynolds, more refined than Howe, more
eloquent thar. Baxter, more practical than Charnock, more sublime
than Hall."-BROOKES.
"His works ought to be reckoned among the greatest treasures
of the English tongue: they continually overflow with love to God,
and breathe an heart entirely transformed by the gospel, and
above the views of every thing but pleasing God."-DR. DoD-
DRIDGE.
<<
Leighton's praise is in all the churches.... He is one of the
very first divines of the British Church; and his writings breathe
throughout the spirit of devotion: they are distinguished by a
noble strain of deep piety, a most humble, heavenly, and loving
spirit, an elegant mind, and a scriptural standard of evangelical
doctrine."-Bickersteth's C. S.
"All his works are admirable, . . . full of holy simplicity,
humility, and benevolent zeal.”— Williams's O. P.
"It is a reproach to the present age that his valuable writings,
breathing as they do the sublimest and purest spirit of piety, rich
in beautiful images and classical learning, throughout abounding
in practical reflections, and all expressed with the sweetest and
simplest eloquence, should have been neglected among us.”—British
Critic.
Bishop Burnet, to whom Leighton was indeed "guide,
philosopher, and friend," cannot say enough in praise
either of his learning or piety:
"He had great quickness of parts, a lively apprehension, with a
charming vivacity of thought and expression. He had the greatest
command of the purest Latin that ever I knew in any man. He
was a master both of Greek and Hebrew, and of the whole compass
of theological learning, chiefly in the study of the Scriptures. But
that which excelled all the rest was, he was possessed with the
highest and noblest sense of divine things that I ever saw in any
man. . . . He had so subdued the natural heat of his temper, that
in a great variety of accidents, and in the course of twenty-two
years' intimate conversation with him, I never observed the least
sign of passion but upon one single occasion. . . . There was a
visible tendency in all he said to raise his own mind, and those he
conversed with, to serious reflections. He seemed to be in a per-
petual meditation. . . . His preaching had a sublimity both of
thought and expression in it. The grace and gravity of his pro-
nunciation was such, that few heard him without a sensible emo-
tion. I am sure I never did."-History of his Own Time, ed.
Oxford, 1833, vol. i. 242, 243, 244.
...
Burnet's account of the last interviews which he had
with this good man is very touching. Burnet had de-
spatched an earnest message to Leighton, begging him to
come up to London, in the hope that he might have a
beneficial influence upon Lord Perth, newly appointed
Lord-Chancellor. Leighton was now in his seventy-fourth
year; but such an opportunity of doing good he would by
no means permit to pass unimproved. He hurried to
London, and was soon in the arms of his friend:
"Laurence Sterne appears to be indebted to this author for the
dramatic cast of his pulpit-compositions. From the last of these
Sermons he has borrowed almost word for word without acknow-
fedgment."
Leitch, John. 1. System of Mythology; trans. from
the German of K. O. Müller, Lon., 1844, Svo.
2. Ancient Art and its Remains; trans. from the Ger-
man of K. O. Müller; new ed. by Welcker, 18-17, 8vo;
1850, 8vo.
"A very learned and valuable book, ably translated. The best
The best
and safest manual for all readers and students whose taste or in-
clination prompts them to base their course of history on a well-
grounded knowledge of the old Hellenistic, Egyptian, and Roman
mythologies."-Lon. Li Gaz.
T
Leith, Charles, M.D. Con. to Med. Com., 1778.
Leith, Sir George. Account of Prince of Wales
Island in the Straits of Malacca, Lon., 1805, 8vo.
Le Keux, John, 1784-1846, an architectural en-
graver, a native of London, acquired considerable reputa-
tion by his admirable illustrations contained in works on
Gothic architecture, such as Britton's Architectural
Antiquities, Cathedrals, &c.; the elder Pugin's Antiqui-
ties of Normandy; Gothic Specimens and Gothic Ex-
amples; Neale's Westminster Abbey, &c. Nor must we
omit to mention the Memorials of Oxford and Memorials
of Cambridge, both of which were projected and executed
by Mr. Le Keux. His eldest son, J. H. Le Keux, also
enjoys a wide reputation as an architectural engraver:
see Ruskin's Modern Painters. See also English Cyc.
Biography, vol. iii., 1856, 842; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1846,
Pt. 1, 647.
"When I took notice to him, upon my first seeing him, how well
he looked, he told me he was very near his end for all that, and
his work and journey both were now almost done. This at that
time made no great impression on me. He was the next day taken
with an oppression, and, as it seemed, with a cold and with stitches,
-which was indeed a pleurisy.
"The next day Leighton sunk so that both speech and sense
went away of a sudden; and he continued panting about twelve
hours, and then died without pangs or convulsions. I was by him
all the while. Thus I lost him who had been for so many years
the chief guide of my whole life. . . . He used often to say that, if
he were to choose a place to die in, it should be an inn: it looked
like a pilgrim's going home, to whom this world was all an inn,
and who was weary of the noise and confusion of it. He added
that the officious tenderness and care of friends was an entangle
ment to a dying man, and that the unconcerned attendance of
those that could be procured in such a place would give less dis-rich Heine.
3. Pictures of Travel; trans. from the German of Hein-
turbance. And he obtained what he desired: for he died at the
Pub. in Nos., Phila. and Lon.: commenced,
Bell Inn, in Warwick-lane.”—Ibid., vol. ii. 436, 438.
1855. This translation has elicited many warm-but got
in all cases unmixed-commendations from a number of
very respectable authorities.
very respectable authorities. Lacking space for quota-
tions, we must be content to refer the reader to the West-
minster Rev., Jan. 1856; Lon. Athenæum, Dec. 29, 1855,
(a portion of this notice was transferred to Littell's Liv
Age, xlviii. 497;) Lon. Economist, (transferred to Littell's
Liv. Age, xlvii. 375;) Lon. Leader, Sept. 1, 1855; Lon.
Illustrated News; Glasgow Commonwealth, Sept. 6, 1855;
Knickerbocker Mag., Sept. 1855; Putnam's Mag., vi. 549,
N. York Albion, July 14, 1855; N. York Abendzeitung,
July 12, 1855; N. York Tribune, July 31, 1855; N. York
Home Journal; N. York Herald; Phila. Morning Times;
Phila. North American, Sept. 15, 1855.
Leighton, Sir William. 1. Vertve Trivmphant,
Lon., 1603, 4to. A poem.
2. The Teares or Lamenta-
tions of a Sorrowfull Soule. 1613, 4to; 1614. fol. In verse.
Leightonhouse, Walter, Rector of Washingburgh
and Preb. of Lincoln. 1. Serm., Lon., 1689, 4to. 2. Serm.,
1692, 4to. 3. XII. Serms., 1697, Svo.
Leland, Anna. Home; or, Recollections of a New
England Family, N. York, 1856, 12mo. This work has
been highly commended by several critics, and ridiculed
in at least one other quarter.
scholar, of the same family as the famous antiquary John
Leland, Charles G., an accomplished American
Leland, was b. in Philadelphia, August 15, 1824, graduated
at Princeton College in 1846, and subsequently continued
his studies at the Universities of Heidelberg, Munich, and
Paris, under the guidance of Gervinus, Thiersch, and
Schlosser. ( (See DAVISON, D., M.D.) Since Mr. Leland's
return to America, he has varied the severity of his
erudite investigations by contributions to the periodicals
of the day. Among these must be especially noticed a
series of papers originally pub. in The Knickerbocker
under the title of (1) Sketch-Book of Meister Karl, and
afterwards given to the world in a collective form, Phila.,
1855, 8vo, pp. 333.
"An extraordinary production. full of natural sentiment, wit,
amiable humor, incidents of foreign travel, description. moralizing,
original poetry, odd extracts, and curious learning, all combined
so as to display effectively the author's information. vivacity, and
independence, and to illustrate the life of a student of the most
catholic temper and ambition."-Griswold's Poets and Poetry of
America, 16th ed.. Phila., 1855, 595.
Washington Irving commends the Sketch-Book for
"Its raciness, its quaint erudition, its graphic delineations, its
vein of genuine poetry, and its true Rabelais humour."`
"It is not devoid of clever smartness: but the intention to be
clever spoils the flavour: for cleverness prepense is almost as bad
as malice prepense.”—Lon. Athenæum.
2. The Poetry and Mystery of Dreams, 1855, 12mo, pp.
271. This is a work of more learning than would be in-
ferred from the title. Mr. Leland has not only laid under
contribution the works of modern authors, but has lin-
gered with the enthusiasm of an antiquary (an ancient
profession in his family) over the speculations of Artemi-
dorus and Astrampsychius, and lent an indulgent ear to
the vagaries of Achmet and Nicephorus. After an hour
equitably divided between Macnish on the Philosophy of
Sleep and Leland on the Poetry of Dreams, consider thy
brain a hopeless dullard, O lethargic reader, if thy couch
be unvisited by dreams. Write thyself down Somnicu-
losus, and let thy "talk be of bullocks" for the rest of thy
days.
It is now known that the memoirs of Heine, the ex
istence of which has been a matter of speculation, are
extant in those gigantic characters which the poet's loss
1051
LEL
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of sight in his latter days obliged him to employ. It was
the writer's request that these papers should not see the
light during the lifetime of his widow: only those, there-
fore, who may reasonably hope to survive this respected
lady can expect to peruse the autobiography of her late
celebrated husband. A number of his posthumous poems
will shortly be issued, and M. Alfred Meissner, who has
been intrusted with the arrangement of Heine's literary
remains, intends to publish at Hamburg a biography of
the poet.
It will be remembered that Heine was born at
Dusseldorf in 1797, educated at Gottingen and Berlin, and
died in 1847. To undertake the translation of the Reise-
bilder required no little courage; but it would appear, from
the great preponderance of favourable criticism, that Mr.
Leland did not overestimate his philological resources.
This young but very successful writer is connected with
the editorial department of the Phila. Evening Bulletin,
and is also editor of Graham's Illustrated Magazine.
Since the above was written, we notice the announcement
of a translation of Heine's Book of Songs by John E.
Wallis, Lon., 1856, cr. Svo. See also Edin. Rev., July,
1856; N. Amer. Rev., lxix. 216, (by W. H. Hurlbut,) and
Fraser's Mag.. xxvi. 733.
,
Leland, Henry P., brother of the preceding, a favour-
ite contributor to the New York Knickerbocker, the New
York Spirit of the Times, and other American periodicals,
has recently pub. a collection of his fugitive pieces under the
title of The Grey Bay Mare, and other Humorous Sketches
title of The Grey Bay Mare, and other Humorous Sketches
of American Life, Phila., 1856, 12mo. This vol. is highly
commended by the Petersburg Express, and styled "an
agreeable companion" by the New York Criterion of June
21, 1856.
Leland, Leyland, or Laylonde, John, an
nent English antiquary, born in London in the beginning
of the sixteenth century, died, after two years' insanity,
(produced by intense mental application,) in 1552, was
educated in early youth at St. Paul's School, under the
famous William Lilly, and subsequently studied at Christ's
College, Cambridge, and All Souls' College, Oxford. After
accumulating a vast store of learning at home and abroad,
he became chaplain to Henry VIII., who gave him the
rectory of Popeling in the marches of Calais, and in 1533
dignified him with the title of his antiquary. By this
commission his majesty laid his commands on him to
make search after "England's antiquities, and peruse the
libraries of all cathedrals, abbies, priories, colleges, &c.,
and places where records, writings, and secrets of antiquity
were reposited." Never did the enraptured heir of broad
acres and well-filled coffers peruse a loving father's last
testament with more delight than swelled the heart of our
erudite Dominie Sampson as he gloated over this ravish-
ing parchment: so, grasping his oaken staff, girding his
loins, and binding tightly his sandal-shoon, the happy
Oldbuck of a former generation went on his way rejoicing.
Gruff old Harry, who, in spite of his odd habit of plun-
dering monasteries and chopping off his wives' heads
after breakfast, knew how to enjoy a quiet joke, no doubt
gave a sly wink to some of the attendant courtiers (de-
lighted with his honest enthusiasm) as he grasped the
antiquary's hand at parting, charged him not to leave a
parchment unturned nor a Roman hypocaust unexplored,
and dismissed him with his benedictions and applause.
Six years did the zealous Leland travel from library to
scriptorium, from tumulus to tower, from castle to monas-
tery. In 1542, he returned to give an account of his ex-
plorations to his royal master. But we must let him tell his
own story:
"I have so travelled in your dominions, both by the seacoasts and
the middle parts, sparing neither labour nor costs, by the space of
the six years past, that there is almost neither cape nor bay,
haven, creek, or pier, river or confluence of rivers, breaches, washes,
lakes, meres, fenny waters, mountains, valleys, moors, heaths,
forests, chases, woods, cities, boroughs, castles, principal manor-
places, monasteries, and colleges, but I have seen them, and noted
in so doing a whole world of things very memorable. . . . And
because that it may be more permanent and further known than
to have it engraved in silver or brass, I intend, by the leave of God,
within the space of twelve months following, such a description to
make of your realm in writing, that it shall be no mastery, after,
for the graver or painter to make a like, by a perfect example.”
...
But the good antiquary had been building a monument
in more senses than one: he was buried under the pro-
digious number of MSS. he had collected, and, after six
years spent in the endeavour to arrange and digest them,
he found himself still at a hopeless distance from the press.
In his despair-suffering from the want of an intelligent
amanuensis, &c.-he thus writes to his friend Cranmer:
"Est congesta mihi domi supellex
Ingens, aurea, nobilis, venusta,
Qua totus studeo Britanniarum
Vero reddere gloriam nitori;
Sed fortuna meis noverca cœptis
Jam felicibus invidet maligna.
Quare, ne pereant brevi vel hora
Multarum mihi noctium labores
Omnes-
"The precious and voluminous MSS. of Leland were doomed to
After
suffer a fate scarcely less pitiable than that of their owner.
being pilfered by some and garbled by others, they served to re-
plenish the pages of Stow, Lambarde, Camden, Burton, Dugdale,
by some and by others, they served to re-
and many other antiquaries and historians. 'Leland's Remains,'
says Bagford, have been ever since a standard to all that have any-
way treated of the Antiquities of England.'”—Dibdin's Biblio
mania, ed. 1842, 242-245, q. v.
We have already noticed Hall's publication of Leland's
Commentarii de Scriptoribus Britannicis, (see HALL,
ANTHONY, D.D., No. 1,) Hearne's eds. of Leland's Itinerary
and of his Collectanea, (see HEARNE, THOMAS, Nos. 5 and
6,) and for further information regarding this laborious
antiquary and his works must refer the reader to the
Lives of Leland, Hearne, and Wood, edited by W. Hud-
desford, Keeper of the Ashmolean Library, 1772, 2 vols.
8vo; Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Chalmers's Biog.
Dict.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 892,
emi-1116, 1117; Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 156, 185, 205,
225, 226, 516, 517; Disraeli's Quarrels of Authors; Ca-
lamities of Authors; On the Literary Character, in col-
lective ed. of these works, 1840, 123, 124, 292, 294, 479.
Itinerary and the Collectanea just noticed. Many of his
The greater part of Leland's works are included in the
MSS. will be found in the Cottonian and Bodleian Libra-
rewarded his indefatigable labours by giving him the
We must not omit to mention that Henry VIII.
rectory of Hasely, in Oxfordshire, a canonry of King's
College, (now Christ Church,) Oxford, and the prebene
ries.
of East and West Knowle in the church of Sarum. We
have quoted some of the antiquary's verses, and will add
a brief criticism upon his merits as a poet:
"The epigrams and hendecasysyllables of Leland, the first Eng-
lishman who, after the restoration of letters, wrote Latin poetry,
without any pretensions to classical taste, have occasionally much
eloquence and beauty."-DR. DRAKE.
It would be very hard to demonstrate the priority in
point of time which Dr. Drake is willing to assign to
Leland. Nothing is more difficult than to decide with any
degree of probability upon questions of this character.
1. A
Leland, John, D.D., 1691-1766, a native of Wigam,
Lancashire, paster of a congregation of Presbyterian dis-
senters in Dublin, acquired great reputation by his trea-
tises in defence of Christianity against its enemies.
Defence of Christianity, Dubl., 1733, 2 vols. 8vo; Lon.,
1740, 2 vols. Svo; 1753, 2 vols. 8vo. This is an answer to
Tindal's Christianity as old as the Creation. 2. The Divine
Authority of the O. and N. Test. Asserted, 1739, 2 vols.
4to; 1837, 8vo. This is an answer to Morgan's Moral
Philosopher. 3. Remarks on [Dodwell's] Christianity not
founded on argument; in two Letters, 1744, 2 vols. Svo.
4. Remarks on Lord Bolingbroke's Letters on the Study
5. The
and Use of History, Dubl. and Lon., 1753, 8vo.
Case fairly Stated, Dubl., 1754, 8vo. 6. A View of the
Deistical Writers, &c., 1754-56, 3 vols., and two Supple-
❘ments. A new ed. of the whole, with an Appendix by
W. L. Brown, D.D., appeared in 1798, 2 vols. 8vo. The
5th ed. and the best, with a valuable Introduction, com--
prising a succinct View of the Subsequent History of the
Controversy, by Cyrus R. Edmonds, was pub. in one octavo
vol., pp. 730, Lon., 1837. This we have carefully read
through, and know not how to say enough in its com-
mendation. He who can read this work and yet remain
an unbeliever in Christianity must be hopelessly obtuse
or perversely prejudiced. See LARDNER, NATHANIEL,
D.D.
D.D. 7. A tract on the Liberty of the People of Ireland,
1754, 8vo. 8. The Advantage and Necessity of the Chris-
tian Revelation, Lon., 1764, 2 vols. 4to; 1768, 2 vols. 8vo;
3d ed., Glasg., 1819, 2 vols. 8vo. 9. Discourses on Various
Subjects, with the Life, &c. of the Author, by the Rev.
Dr. Isaac Weld, 1769, 4 vols. 8vo. Bishop Jebb (see his
Correspondence with Alexander Knox) at one time in-
tended to reprint these Discourses. For further informa-
tion respecting Leland, see Wald's Life as above, and the
coin-
CRANMERE, eximium decus priorum!
Implorare tuam benignitatem
Cogor:" &c.
The pressure was too great: the brain cannot with im-
punity be so mercilessly taxed,-we had a melancholy
proof of this, latterly, in the case of Hugh Miller!-and
Leland became first a moody man, and then a madman.
"Proh tristes rerum humanarum vices! proh viri optimi deplo-
randam infelicissimamque sortem."-Tuo. SMITH: Pref. to Cam
den's Life.
1082
LEL
LEM
life in British Biography, vol. x. Bishops Tomline, Wat-
son, and other eminent divines, strongly recommend the
strongly recommend the
perusal of Leland's works.
"One of the ablest champions against the deists, and for the
defence of Christianity, that ever lived in any age or nation; and
his works will remain as immortal monuments of clear, fair,
masculine reasoning, and convincing demonstration, as long as
reason and the world shall endure."-DR. JOHN RYLAND.
"Leland's View, as likewise his Treatises on the Necessity of
Revelation, and on The Authority of the Old and New Testament,
all display the superior powers of his mind, the soundness of his
judgment, and his intimate acquaintance with all the subterfuges
of deism."-BOGUE.
“Every one who wishes to make himself master of the Deistical
controversy will carefully study Leland's Divine Authority of the
Old and New Testament and his View of the Deistical Writers; yet
Leland's greatest and most useful work is his Necessity and Ad-
vantages of the Christian Revelation. He who desires to know the
full value of the Bible should above all things study this book. It
cutains the latest and maturest thoughts of the very able author."
-Williams's C. P.
"Leland's Advantages and Necessity of the Christian Revelation
is a work full of information as to the state of religion among the
Heathen. His other works in defence of religion are useful.
An able Champion of the Christian faith."-Bickersteth's C. S.
•
•
The reader must refer to Leland's own account of Nos.
1, 2, 3, and 4 in Edmonds's ed. of the View of the Deisti-
cal Writers, 1837, 8vo, pp. 102, &c., 114, &c., 120, 135,
208, et seq.
Leland, Thomas, D.D., 1722-1785, a native of
Dublin, educated at, and Fellow of, Trinity College in
that city; Prof. of Poetry, 1763; Preb. of St. Patrick's,
and Vicar of Bray, 1785. He was a profound scholar and
a most eloquent preacher. 1. Orations of Demosthenes,
and Latin Version, and Notes, Lon., 1754, 2 vols. 12mo:
in conjunction with Dr. John Stokes. 2. Orations [19]
of Demosthenes, in English, 1756-61-70, 3 vols. 4to; last
ed., 1831, 12mo.
"The cloquent translator of Demosthenes."-Disraeli's Quarrels
of Authors, ed. 1840, 167.
66
'The elegant translation which they say you have made of De-
mosthenes."-Bishop WARBURTON.
But Warburton did not mean to please Leland. See
Disraeli, ubi supra, 174.
"The orations are distinguished for simplicity, ardor, and force;
and they are translated with great ability and accuracy. Hume
says the orations present to us models which, of all human com-
positions, approach the nearest to perfection. This eulogy appears
to be extravagant, when we consider how rarely his orations are
read and studied even by scholars or statesmen, or when we recur
to the speeches of Pitt. Fox, Burke. Hamilton, or Ames, Webster,
or Clay, or Brougham."-CHANCELLOR KENT: Outlines of a Course
of Eng. Reading, Oakley's ed., N. York, 1855. Svo.
3. Hist. of the Life and Reign of Philip, King of Ma-
cedon, 1758, 2 vols. 4to; last ed., 1820, 2 vols. Svo.
4. Dissert. on the Principles of Human Eloquence, &c.,
1764, 4to. Elicited by Bp. Warburton's Discourse on the
Doctrine of Grace. Answered (anonymously) by Hurd,
on behalf of Warburton, in a very petulant letter. 5.
Answer to a Letter to him, &c., 1764, 4to. This is a reply
to Hund.
"Leland answered for himself, and, in the opinion of all the
world, completely demolished his antagonist."-Lord Jeffrey's Con-
trib. to Edin. Rev., Lou., 1853, $89. q. v.
And see JoRTIN, JOHN, D.D., No. 6.
6. Serms., 1769, 4 vols. 8vo. 7. The Orations of Es-
chines and Demosthenes on the Crown; trans. into English,
with Notes, 1770, 3 vols. Svo. S. Exam. of Arguments
in a late introduc. to the Hist. of the Ancient Irish and
·
Scuts, 1772, 4to. Anon. This is levelled at James
Macpherson's Hist., 1771, 4to. 9. Hist. of Ireland,
1773, 3 vols. 4to. Comprises the period from the Inva-
sion by Henry II. to the Revolution in 1688. Leland was
assisted by Drs. O'Connor and other members of the Dub-
lin Society.
"It is written with judgment, care, and just discrimination.”-
CHANCELLOR KENT: A Course of Eng. Reading, &c.
"A Protestant work, but excellent."-De Vesicour's Histor. Anal.
of Chris. Civil., Lon., 1850, 491.
"The Life of Philip contains many curious researches into the
principles of government established among the leading States of
Greece, many sagacious remarks on their intestine discords, many
exact descriptions of their most celebrated characters, together
with an extensive and correct view of the subtle intrigues, and those
ambitious projects by which Philip, at a favourable crisis, gradu-107–108, q. v.
ally obtained an unexampled and fatal mastery over the Grecian
republics."-DR. PARR: Tracts of a Warburtonian.
|
George III. With extracts from the unpub. Memoirs of
the late Duke of Grafton, 1845, 4 vols. 8vo, £2 68. Seo
WALPOLE, HORACE, Earl of Orford.
10. Serms. on Various Subjects, with a Life of the Au-
thor, Dubl., 1788, 3 vols. Svo. For further information
respecting Leland, see Life prefixed to his Serms.; War-
burton's Letters to Hurd; Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Boswell's
Life of Johnson; European Mag., Aug. 1799; Blackw.
Mag., xxix. 901, 902, xxxiii. 279.
Le Mercier, Andrew, d. 1762, minister of a Pro-
tion. 2. Church Hist. of Geneva, 1732, 12ıno.
testant French Church in Boston. 1. Treat. on Detrac-
Le Moine, Abraham, Rector of Everley. 1. Treat.
on Miracles, Lon., 1747, Svo. This is an answer to Chubb's
Discourse on Miracles.
"A solid and full answer."-Leland's Deist. Wilers, q. v.
And see FARMER, HUGH, No. 4.
Le Marchaut, Sir Denis, Bart. 1. Report on
the Claims of the Barony of Gardner, Lon., 1828, Svo.
New ed. of Horace Walpole's Memoirs of the Reign of
2.
2.
i
2. Serm. on the Fall, Gen. iii. 6, 1751, 4to. 3. Serm.
against Lord Bolingbroke, 1753, 4to.
An account of
Lemoine, Henry, a London bookseller, 1756-1812,
pub. a number of tracts, &c., and a work on Typographical
Antiquities, Lon., 1797, sm. Svo, pp. 156.
Lemoine, with the curious title of the work just noticed,
will be found in Miller's Fly-Leaves, 1st ser., Lon., 1854,
50-53.
Lemon. Art of Shooting, &c., Lon., 1782, 8vo.
Lemon, Rev. George William, 1726-1797. 1.
Græcæ Grainmaticæ Rudimenta, &c., Lon., 1774, 12mo.
2. Two Tracts: I. Greek Accents; II. Voyage of Æneas,
1775, Svo. 3. English Etymology; or, a Derivative Dic-
tionary of the English Language.
"The Dictionary which Mr. Lemon wrote with the aid of papers
proof of erudition."-DR. PARE.
left to him by the learned Mr. Spelman, of Norfolk, is a decided
4. Hist. of the Civil Wars, &c.: see SPELMAN, EDWARD.
Lemon, Mark, b. in London, Nov. 30, 1809, is the
author of about sixty plays, principally farces and melo-
dramas, of which The School for Tigers, The Serious
Family, and The Ladies' Club, are among the best-known.
He has pub. The Enchanted Doll, Lon., 1849, sq., (a
Christmas Fairy Tale for Children,) and a vol. entitled
Prose and Verse, 1852, 12mo, originally contributed to
the Illuminated Magazine aud other periodicals. He was
one of the editors of Punch from its commencement, and
two years after this event became sole editor, which post
he still retains, (1857.) He is also well known as the
literary editor of, and a large contributor to, the Illustrated
London News, and as one of the writers in Dickens's
Household Words.
Lemon, Robert. Calendar of State Papers, &c.,
1547-1580, Lon., 1857, Svo. The publication of these papers
is an event of no small interest to historical students.
Mrs. Everett Green, and Messrs. Bruce, Brewer, and Ha-
that by January we shall probably have at least (including
are in the
of other vols.; so
the present vol.) 3 vols. pub., each containing an account
of 8000 to 10,000 MSS.
"Facts of moment in our national history and in the biography
of our worthies-facts over which the billows seem to have long
closed-will here be recovered."-Lon. Atheneum, Jan. 24, 1857,
See also Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1857, 446.
In the vol. just pub. by Mr. Lemon will be found some
interesting particulars connected with the family history
of Shakspeare. Mr. Lemon, it will be remembered, was
the discoverer of the long-lost MS. of Milton's Essay on
the Doctrines of Christianity. See T. B. Macaulay's ar-
ticle on Milton, Edin. Rev., 1825, and in his Works, Lon.,
1854, i. 1-58.
2. Lects. on the Collects, 1st ser., 1845, Svo.
Lempriere, F. D. 1. Scripture Lessons, Lon., 12mo.
3. Classical
Dictionary: see LEMPRIERE, JOHN, D.D.
Lempriere, John, D.D., d. 1824, a native of the
Head-Master of Abingdon Grammar School, and after-
island of Jersey, educated at Pembroke College, Oxford,
wards of that of Exeter; Rector of Meath, Devonshire,
Ln., 1792, Svo; 1804, 4to. Many eds., (some abridgments,)
1811, and of Newton-Petrock. 1. Classical Dictionary,
of which we notice-I. F. D. Lempriere's, 1826, ito. II.
By Charles Authon; re-cdited by E. H. Barker, (see these
ed., ditto, by Rev. Mr. Giles, 1844, Svo. III. Abridged
names, ante,) 1828, Svo: supp. by Barker, 1838, Svo; 4th
ed. from Anthon's and Barker's, by E. H. Barker; 2d ed.,
1Smo. IV. By W. Parke, 1838, 12mo; 1856, 18mo. V.
By Joseph Cauvin, a new ed. of Barker's abridgt. of
Anthon's and Barker's, 1843, Svo. VI. Miniature ed.,
pub, by Bohn, 1845, 18mo. VII. By Cadell, 1847, Svo.
Dr. Charles Anthon's Dictionary of Greek and Roman
Antiquities is an invaluable work. See SMITH, WILLIAM,
LL.D. 2. Serm., 1791, Svo. 3. Hist. of Herodotus, from
the Greek, 1792, vol. i. Svo; all pub. 4. Universal Bio-
graphy, 1808, 4to; 1812, 4to. Abridgment, 1808, 4to; 1812,
4to. Amer. ed., with Selections from Watkins's Biog.
Dict., and about
Dict., and about Eight Hundred Original Articles, by
Eleazar Lord, N. York, 1825, 2 vols. 8vo.
1083
LEM
LES
Lempriere, William, Apothecary to his Majesty's
Forces, afterwards M.D. 1. Tour from Gibraltar to Tan-
gier, &c., Lon., 1791, 8vo; 1793, 8vo.
"The author of this work (who was a medical nian, sent by the
Governor of Gibraltar, at the request of the Emperor of Morocco,
whose son was dangerously ill) possessed, from the peculiar cir-
cumstances in which he was placed, excellent opportunities of
procuring information. The most interesting and novel parts of
his work relate to the harem of the emperor, to which, in his me-
dical character, he had access: the details into which he enters
respecting its internal arrangements and the manners of its inha-
bitants are very full and curious."-Stevenson's Voyages and
Travels.
i
Those who possess this work must not fail to add to it
A Corrective Supplement to Mr. Lempriere's Tour, by F.
Sanchez, a Spanish Gardener in Morocco, Svo. Printed
at Amsterdam. 2. Diseases of the Army in Jamaica,
1792-97, &c., 1799, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. Chalybeate Water at
Sandrocks, 1812, Svo.
Lener, Ralph. On Witchcraft, Lon., 1573, 8vo.
Leng, John, 1665-1727, Bishop of Norwich, 1723,
pub. the Plutus and Nubes of Aristophanes, Gr. et Lat.,
with Notes, 1695, Svo; an excellent ed. of Terence. Camb.,
1701, 4to and Svo, 1723, 8vo; Serms. at Boyle's Lect.,
1717, 18, 3 vols. 8vo, 1739, fol.; and 12 separate serms.,
1699-1727. See Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Lyson's Environs.
Le Neve, John, 1679–1741, an industrious biographer,
was educated at Trin. Coll., Camb., and became Rector of
Thornton-le-Moor, Lincolnshire, 1721-22. 1. Lives of
the Most Illustrious Persons who died in 1711-12, Lon.,
1713-14, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Fasti Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ, 1716,
fol.; new ed. See HARDY, T. Durrus, No. 5. To give
some idea of the extent to which we are indebted to Mr.
Hardy, it is sufficient to state that, whilst Le Neve's (should
we not say White Kennett's?) work contains only 11,051
entries, Hardy's contains more than 30,000. 3. Memo-
rials conc. Dr. Richard Field, 1716, 8vo. 4. Monumenta
Anglicana, with Supp., 1700-18; in all 9 vols. 8vo, 1717-
19. Collectors of county-histories and genealogists must
possess this work. His collection of monumental inscrip-
tions, 1400-1716, are in the Brit. Mus., Nos. 3605-3615. 5.
Lives, &c. of the Protestant Bishops, &c., from 1559, vol.
i., 1720, 8vo. 6. Lives of the Archbishops, 1723, 4to. A
biographical account of Le Neve, by Mr. Hardy, is pre-
fixed to the latter's new ed. of Fasti Ecclesiæ Anglicana;
see also Nichols's Lit. Anec.
Le Neve, Peter. Antiquarian and other papers in
Phil. Trans., 1709, '13, '18. See Nichols's Lit. Anec.
Lennard, Sampson, d. 1633, a friend of Sir Philip
Sidney, pub. translations from the Latin and French,
among which were Perrin's Hist. of the Waldenses, Du
Plessis Mornay's Hist. of Papacie, and Charron on Wisdom.
"Charron was a great philosopher, an eloquent orator, a famous
and powerful preacher, richly furnished and adorned with the most
excellent virtues and graces, both moral and divine. His work on
Wisdom abounds in ingenious and original observations on moral
topics."-DEAN STANHOPE.
For an account of Lennard, see Granger's Biog. Hist.
of Eng.; Noble's College of Arms. His MS. heraldic
compilations will be found in the Brit. Mus.
Lennox, Charles. The Duchess de la Vallière; a
Histor. Novel, from the French, Lon., 1814, 2 vols. 12mo.
Lennox, Charlotte, 1720-1804, a native of New
York, of which city her father, Colonel James Ramsay,
was Lieutenant-Governor, was sent at the age of fifteen
to London, where she supported herself by her literary
talents. She was on friendly terms with Richardson and
Dr. Johnson, and the latter considered her intellectual
abilities equal to those of either Hannah More or Fanny
Burney. 1. Poems, Lon., 1747, 8vo. Pub. under her
maiden name. 2. Memoir of Harriet Stuart, 1751. 3.
The Female Quixote, 1752, 2 vols. 8vo. A very good
work.
"But her [Dorothy Osborne's] favourite books were those pon-
derous French romances which modern readers know chiefly from
the pleasant satire of Charlotte Lennox.”—T. B. MACAULAY: Art.
on William Temple, Edin. Rev., Oct. 1838, and in his Works, 1854,
ii. 292.
Svo. Other eds. Reviewed by Dr. Johnson in the Lite-
rary Magazine.
|
"The Memoirs are authentic, and particularly valuable, and
must be read.”—Prof. Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist., Lect. XI.
12. The Sis-
11. Sophia; a Novel, 1763, 2 vols. 12mo.
ters; a Com., 1769, 8vo. 13. Old City Manners; a Com.,
1773, 8vo. 14. Euphemia; a Novel, 1790, 4 vols. 12mo.
15. Father Brumoy's Greek Theatre, trans., 3 vols. 4to.
In this work she was assisted by the Earl of Cork and
Orrery and Dr. Johnson.
Orrery and Dr. Johnson. The preliminary Essay on the
Ancient Drama is much admired. 16. Memoirs of Henry
Lennox, with Legendary Remains, 1804, 12mo. In 1775,
Dr. Johnson assisted her in preparing proposals for a col-
lective ed. of her Works in 3 vols. 4to; but the design was
not carried out. See Boswell's and Hawkins's Lives of
Johnson; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Nichols's Lit. Anec.
Le Noir, Miss. Juvenile works, Lon., 1804, &c.
Le Noir, Eliza. Tales, Poems, and Juvenile works,
Lon., 1803-12.
Le Noir, P. V. French School-books, Lon., 1790-
1809.
“A direct imitation of the Don Quixote, and, on that account, in
part a failure.”—Ticknor's Hist. of Span. Lit., N. York, 1854, ii.
421.
4. Shakspeare Illustrated, 1753-54, 3 vols. 12mo. The
dedication to the Earl of Orrery was written by Johnson,
and Malone ascribes some of the observations in the work
to him. 5. Memoirs of the Countess of Berci; from the
French, 1756, 2 vols. 12ino. 6. Memoirs of Madame
Maintenon; from the French, 1757. 7. Henrietta; a Novel,
1758, 2 vols. 12mo. 8. Philander; a Dramatic Pastoral,
1758, 8vo. 9. Ladies' Museum; a Magazine, 1760-61, 2
vols. 8vo. 10. The Duke of Sully's Memoirs, trans., 1761,
2 vols. 4to; 1763, 6 vols. 12mo; new ed., 1810, 5 vols. r. ¡
Lenox, Duchess of. Choice and Profitable Secrets,
Lon., 165, 12mo.
Lenox, Charles, Duke of Richmond. Bill for
a Parliamentary Reform, Lon., 1783, 8vo.
Lenthall, Sir John. List of Prisoners in the
Bench, Lon., 1653. 4to.
Lenthall, William, M.P., 1591-1663, pub. several
political speeches and letters, 1641-47.
Lenton, Francis. 1. The Young Gallants Whirli -
gigg: or Youth's reakes, Lon., 1629, 4to. See Brydges's
Brit. Bibliographer, ii. 538-541. 2. The Innes of Court
Anagrammatist, 1634, 4to. 3. Great Britain's Beauties,
1638.
Leny, R. Con. to Med. Com., 1793.
Leo, William. Serm., Lon., 1643, 4to.
Leonard, Charles. The Rambling Justice, or
Jealous Husband; a Com., Lon., 1678, 4to.
Leonard, David, 1740-1829, a native of Norton,
Mass., an opponent of American freedom, and subse-
quently Chief-Justice of Bermuda, was the author of the
letters signed Massachusettensis, (against the rights of
the American colonists,) written in opposition to the
patriotic appeals of John Adams under the signature of
Novanglus.
Leonard, Eliza Lucy. The Ruby Ring, or the
Transformations; a Poem, Lon., 1816, 18mo.
"The poetry is excellent."--Lon. New Month. Mag.
Leonard, William. Reports K. B., C. P. Ex. 31
Hen. VIII.-13 Jac. I., 1540-1615; trans. from the
French of Wm. Hughes, Lon., (4 Pts.,) 1658-59-63-75,
fol.; 2d and improved ed., 1687, fol.
"Leonard's Reports were always in high estimation."-SIR
EDWARD SUgden.
"One of the best books which have lately come out."-LORD
NOTTINGHAM.
is
Lord Nottingham gave a just account of it."-SIR GEORGE
TREBY.
See 3 Ch. Rep., 31; Phillips's Stu. Leg., 117; Sug. on
Powers, 22; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 459; Wallace's Re-
porters, 3d ed., 1855, 99.
Le Quesne, Charles,
2. A Constitutional Hist. of
Juror of the Royal Court
and Member of the States. 1. Ireland and the Channel
Islands, Lon., 1848, 8vo.
Jersey, 1856, 8vo. As many of the Norman institutions
are still in existence in Jersey, this work is invaluable to
the historical and legal student.
3.
Lermant, J. L. 1. My Play is Study, Phila., 1851.
2. Sunshine through the Clouds, Bost., 1852, 12mo.
Juvenile Writings: Kate's Childhood, Evelyn, &c., Phila.,
1855. 4. First Lessons in German, 1855, 18mo.
Lermont, Thomas, of Erceldoune, a poet and pro-
phet of Scotland, flourished in the thirteenth century. 1.
The Prophecies, Edin., 1691, 12mo. 2. Sir Tristrem; a
Metrical Romance, edited by Walter Scott from the Au-
chinleck MSS.. Edin., 1804, r. 8vo; large paper, 4to; and
later eds. See this work, and Scott's Contributions to the
Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, in Abbotsford ed. of
his Poetical Works, Edin., 1851, 541. 542, 545, 572, 573,
574, 627. See also Andrew Hart's Whole Prophecies of
Scotland, (first pub. in 1603?) Select Remains of the
Ancient Popular Poetry of Scotland, and other collections
of this character.
Leroux, J. British Prisons, Lon., 1780.
Lerr, Anne. Mysterious Count; a Novel, 1803.
Lesdernier, Mrs. Emily P. 1. Voices of Life,
Bost., 1852, 12mo. 2. Berenice; a Life Story, 1856.
Lesley, George. Divine Dialogues, and Joseph
Revived, Lon., 1684, 8vo. In verse.
1084
LES
LES
Lesley, J. P., topographical geologist. A Manual | LAM, p. 218, ubi supra,) 1848, p. 8vo; 1855, 12mo. Of his
of Coal and its Topography, Phila., 1856, 12mo. Illust. by theological tracts the best-known are-1. A Short and
several drawings. See TAYLOR, RICHARD COWLING. Easy Method with the Jews, 1689. 2. A Short and Easy
Method with the Deists, 1694, 8vo. 3. The Snake in the
Grass, 1697, 8vo: against the Quakers. His Select
Works, with a Life, were pub. 1841, 8vo. The last ed. of
No. 2 was pub., Edin.; 1854, 18mo. It has been supposed
by some that this excellent little work was borrowed from
the Abbé St. Réal, but this opinion is altogether untena-
ble. Few theological treatises have elicited so much com-
mendation as The Short and Easy Method with Deists.
"No book of this period among many that were written reached
lished in 1694,-in which he started an argument, pursned with
so high a reputation as Leslie's Short Method with the Deists, pub-
more critical analysis by others. on the peculiarly distinctive marks
of credibility that pertain to the Scripture miracles. The authen-
ticity of this little treatise has been idly questioned on the Con-
tinent. .. The internal evidence that the Short Method was
written by a Protestant should be conclusive."—Hallam's Lit. Hist.
of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, iii. 288. q. v.
Lesley, John, 1527-1596, of an ancient Scottish
family, was educated at the University of Aberdeen, ob-
tained a canonry in the Cathedral of that city, 1547;
studied also in the Universities of Toulouse, Poitiers, and
Paris; Vicar-General of Aberdeen, 1554; Bishop of Ross,
1561; laboured zealously for the cause of Mary Queen
of Scots when she was a prisoner in England; Bishop of
Constance, 1593; died in the Monastery of Guirtenberg,
near Brussels, 1596. His publications were as follows:
1. A Defence of the Honour of Mary, Queen of Scotland,
&c., Lon., 1569, 8vo; Liege, 1571, 8vo. Immediately
suppressed. 2. Pro Libertate Impetranda, Paris, 1574,
8vo. 3. Afflicti Animi Consolatione et Tranquilli Animi
Conversatio, 1574, 8vo. 4. De Origine, Moribus, et Rebus
Gestis Scotorum Romæ, 1575, 4to; 1578, 4to. With this
history, which is carried down from 1436 to Mary's return
from France in 1561, are pub. (also in Latin) 5. Pa-
rænsis ad Nobilitatem Populumque Scotorum; and (6)
Regionum et Insularum Scotiæ Descriptio. 7. De Titulo
et Jure Sereniss. Principis Mariæ Scotorum Reginæ, &c.
Rheims, 1580, 4to. In English, supposed to have been
printed at Edin., 1584, 4to. In French, Rouen, 1587, Svo. |
8. De Illustrium Fœminarum in Republica Administranda
Authoritate, Rhem., 1580, 4to. No. 4 was originally
written in the Scottish language, and this original was
pub. by the Bannatyne Club in 1830, Edin., 4to.
See the note, where the Biographie Universelle is de-
servedly rebuked for its unfair version of this contro-
versy,-if, indeed, it be worth that name. See also
Prosper Marchand's Dictionnaire Historique, art. SAINT
REAL; and the authorities at conclusion of this article.
"No single theological work has perhaps received so much ap-
plause as his Short and Easy Method with the Deists.... of which
the reprints are innumerable.”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 69.
"We have the historical evidence for the truth of Scripture ex-
hibited in a form so convincing and satisfactory that the mind
which can resist such evidence must evince a total perversity of
reason, as well as an abjuration of all such testimony as can sub-
stantiate the truth of any by-gone event in this world's history."-
DR. CHALMERS.
"Bishop Lesley, in his description as well as his history, writes
like a person of quality and business, and one that understood the
world and himself too well to be swayed by his own passions or
the groundless reports of others.”—Nicolson's Historical Library,
"Lesley's book de Origine, &c. is ranked among the best histo-
riz both in style and materials."-ANDREWS.
In 1842 was pub. Vestiarum Scoticum, (in Scottish,)
from the bishop's MS., edited by John Sobieski Stuart,
Edin., 4to. See Lesley's Life, by Dr. George Mackenzie;
Spotiswood's, Robertson's, and Laing's histories; Dodd's
Ch. Hist.; Strype's Life of Grindal; Encyc. Brit., 7th ed.
The Biographie Universelle says of him,
"Indépendamment des écrits qu'il publia pour la défense de
Marie Stuart, ouvrages savants, éloquents, et dictés par le plus
courageux dévouement, c'est à lui que les Ecossais doivent le
premier recueil de leurs lois." &c.
··
Lesley, Richard, Bishop of Killala. Serm., 2 Chron.
28; Lon., 1691, 4to.
Leslie, a Jesuit. Laurus Lesliana explicata, &c.,
1692, fol.
"A niass of confused unchronological stuff.”—Crawford's Peerage
of Scotland.
Leslie, General. Speeches, &c., 1641-42.
Leslie, Charles, 1650?-1722, a native of Ireland,
second son of Dr. John Leslie, Bishop of Clogher, was
educated at Trinity College, Dublin; entered himself in
the Temple at London, 1671; admitted into holy orders,
1680; Chancellor of the Cathedral of Connor, 1687; re-
fused to take the oaths to William and Mary, und applied
himself to theological and political controversy, on which
subjects he pub. many treatises. He was a defender of
arbitrary power, endeavoured by his writings to promote
the cause of the banished Stuarts, and resided abroad
with the Pretender from 1713 to '21.
"His abilities and his connexions were such that he might easily
have obtained high preferment in the Church of England. But he
took his place in the front rank of the Jacobite body, and remained
there steadfastly through all the dangers and vicissitudes of three-
and-thirty troubled years. Though constantly engaged in theolo-
gical controversy with Deists, Jews, Socinians. Presbyterians,
Papists, and Quakers, he found time to be one of the most volumi-
nous political writers of his age. Of all the non-juring clergy he
was the best-qualified to discuss constitutional questions; for
before he had taken orders he had resided long in the Temple, and
had been studying English history and law, while most of the
other chiefs of the schism had been poring over the Acts of Chal-
cedon, or seeking for wisdom in the Targum of Onkelos."-T. B.
MACAULAY: Hist. of England, vol. iii., 1855, chap. xiv.; and see vol.
iv. chap. xviii., n.
Mr. Hallam, to have been of much benefit to the polemic:
But his legal education does not appear, according to
is full of
"Leslie's Case of the Regale and Pontificate
enormous misrepresentation as to the English law. Leslie, how-
ever, like many other controversialists, wrote impetuously and
hastily for his immediate purpose."-Constit. Hist. of England, 7th
ed., 1854, 175, n. See also p. 218.
••
·
Of Leslie's Theological Writings, a collective ed. was
pub. by himself, Lon., 1721, fol.; new ed., Oxf., 1832,
vols. 8vo. Of his political works there has been no col-
lective ed., and probably never will be. A new ed. of The
Regale and Pontificate was pub., Lon., 1838, Svo; of the
Divine Right of Tithes, 1845, fp. 8vo; of the Case stated
between the Churches of Rome and England, (see HAL-
•
"Leslie's most excellent work contains irrefutable arguments in
favour of Christianity; but it is rather too logical. requiring more
attention than men in general are willing to afford any subject,
however important.”—Blackwood's Mag.. xviii. 160: Review of Dr.
Wm. E. Channing's Lect. on the Evidences of Christianity, before
the Univ. of Cambridge, March 14, 1821.
"Since infidelity is constantly reviving, and, though repeatedly
laid prostrate by the weapons of truth, still rises with unexhausted
vigour, the champion of Christinuity will do well neither to disdain
nor neglect such arms as Leslie has prepared for him, of which
time has not injured the temper nor taken off the edge.”—Chris-
tian Observer.
All of Leslie's theological works should be carefully
perused by the student of divinity and the intelligent lay-
man.
**
These two volumes (1721, fol.] may be considered as a library
in themselves to any young student of the Church of England; and
no such person who takes a fancy to what he there finds can ever
fall into Socinianism, Fanaticism. Popery, or any of those other
Life of Bishop Horne.
modern corruptions which infest this church and nation.”—Jones's
The polemical skill of a Leslie is a saying of Bolingbroke's. A
clergyman's library should not be without this author's theologi-
cal works. He is said to have brought more persons from other
persuasions into the Church of England than any man ever did."
-BISHOP HORNE.
“An acute controversialist in favour of the Church of England."
-Bickersteth's C. S.
"Nor should the name of Leslie be omitted; since it is most con-
spicuous upon the rolls of Christianity. A contemporary of Tillot-
son, but possessed of greater acumen, and exhibiting a more con-
densed and logical style, he was perhaps the ablest defender of
and active in what he conceived to be the cause of vital religion,
orthodoxy at the close of the seventeenth century. Ever ardent
his heart and head were constantly excited to the bringing forth
of those admirable works which appear to bear the stamp of im-
mortality.”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp., 66–69.
6.
Leslie was a reasoner, and a reasoner who was not to be rea-
soned against."-DR. JOHNSON: Boswell's Life.
<
Every treatise comprehended in the collection [7 vols. 8vo,
1832] is incomparable in its way.”—British Critic.
Leslie, Charles. Con. to Med. Com., 1774.
19, 1794, of American parents, of Scotch descent, besides
Leslie, Charles Robert, R.A., b. in London, Oct.
painting many good pictures, has written two good books,
Those who desire to read some comments upon the artist
which last fact entitles him to a place in our columns.
(for we have only to do with the author) are referred to
the English Cyclopædia, Lon., 1856, Biography, vol. iii.
863; Men of the Time, 1856, 475; Blackw. Mag., xv. 567,
xvi. 134, 505, xxiv. 699, xlii. 336, xlvi. 315, xlviii. 378, 1.
347. Mrs. Jameson-a most competent critic-has no hesi-
7tation in pronouncing Leslie "the finest interpreter of the
spirit of Shakspeare.'
1. Memoirs of John Constable, R.A., chiefly from his
Letters, Lon., 1843, fol., with illustrations; 2d ed., with
addit. Correspondence, 1845, sm. 4to.
"Got up in a peculiar, antique, and handsome manner, congenial
See also Biog. Brit.: Burnet's Own Times; Ware's Ire-
land, by Harris: Birch's Tillotson; Lowndes's Brit Lib.,
626, 781, 98S. 1093, 1174, 1197; Eneye. Brit.
Leslie, Charles. Account of Jamaica, Edin., 1739,
'40, 12mo.
1085
LES
LES
Blue Cotton Umbrella, 1838. 15. Kitty's Relations. 16.
Leonilla Lynmore. 17. House-Book, 1840; last ed., 1854.
to, and worthy of, the subject. The world at large will find much | Handkerchief, 1838. 14. Henrietta Harrison; or, The
to entertain and instruct in this interesting biography; artists and
amateurs in particular will derive great instruction, and every
class of readers useful intelligence and agreeable amusement. Mr.
Leslie has performed his task with infinite taste and discrimination,-
giving the opinions of a competent authority upon the productions
of his contemporary and friend, and bringing out the remarkable
qualities and estimable points of poor Constable's amiable private
character in every relation of life with unaffected simplicity and
▼
"The work which Miss Leslie has here given them might be
studied half a year with great benefit, even though the lady never
had occasion to exercise her knowledge. Miss Lelic takes the
student by the hand and leads her over her home that is to be,
explaining the use and benefit of each apartment. the proper mode
of caring for it, gives directions for furniture, with ourtains to
match, &c."-Smuthern Literary Gazette.
18. Lady's Receipt-Book, 1846. 19. The Maid of Canal
21.
consequent effect."-Lon. Literary Gazette.
See Lon. Athenæum, Jan. 27, 1844, 101, and Jan. 6,
1855, 21.
2. A Hand-book for Young Painters, 1855, er. 8vo. This
may be called an improved and enlarged ed. of the author's
Lectures to the Students of the Royal Academy, whilst
Professor of Painting, 1847-51.
Street, and the Bloxhams. 20. Indian Meal Book.
Amelia; or, A Young Lady's Vicissitudes, 1848. This is
22. The
the only novel which Miss Leslie has written.
Dennings and their Beaux, with Alina Derlay, 1851. 23.
French Cookery. 24. Stories for Young People.
Stories for Summer Days and Winter Nights. 26. Russel
and Sydney, and Charles Loring: Tales of the American
Revolution. 27. Behaviour Book, 1853.
25.
"Mr. Leslie adds one more to the number of accomplished men
who, like Sir Joshua Reynolds, write as admirably as they paint.
Though the title of this Iland-book might lead to the inference that
it was only adapted for artists, it will be read with delight and in- |
struction by every person who has any enjoyment in pictures."-
Lon. Quar. Rev., April, 1856.
"The book abounds in quotable, melodious passages, pregnant
with thought, observation, and tenderest feeling. and falling
sweetly upon the car like the echoes of a poetic mind. Indeed, it
is a book of Wisdom and Goodness as well as of Art and Taste,—
'wholesome literature,' as we have said."— Westminster Rev., April,
1855.
"It is a thoroughly readable book, written in an agreeable and
modest style, without either pretension or pedantry."-Blackwood's
Mug., Dec. 1855.
Mr. Leslie's mind, while very universal and academic in its
tastes, is certainly not beyond its age, nor free from ultra conserva-
tive and conventional peculiarities. His genius is not innovating
nor subversive, and rests quite satisfied with old truths, and some-
times, we almost think, with old errors. . . It is as an opposer of
many of Mr. Ruskin's opinions, however, that Mr. Leslie chiefly
demands the thanks of the artistic world. He shows that it is
from Lord Lindsay that this reformer has so largely borrowed. . .
On Turner, as put into competition with Claude, and idolatronsly
praised by Mr. Ruskin, Mr. Leslie is justly severe."-Lm. Athen,
Jan. 6, 1855, 20-22.
•
"By all means, we repeat, let those who are accustomed to go to
the galleries of modern art for fashion's sake carefully read Mr.
Leslie's book, and get a hint of the way in which good pictures
should be studied.”—Lon. Examiner.
"They are all written in a correct, easy, and spirited style, and
exhibit a very keen and nice observation of the various scenes of
domestic life, with a happy talent for working up the results in a
narrative form. . . . Mrs. Washington Potts is perhaps the best, as
it is the longest and most elaborate, of the tales, though Frank
Finlay is in some respects the most agreeable. Uncle Philip and
The Escorted Lady are also particularly good. . . . We shall be
happy to meet Miss Leslie as a painter of scenes and subjects which
would give pleasanter impressions of American society to those
who do not know our country, and bring back pleasanter recollec-
tions to those who do. Vulgarity, foolishness, and affectation are
the growth of every soil: human nature, there is much reason to
believe, is very much the same on this as on the other side of the
globe." -W. B. O. PEABODY: N. Amer. Rev., xxxvii. 466: review of
First Series.
12. Domestic Cookery-Book, 1837. This book reached
its 41st ed. (not one of which consisted of less than 1000
copies) before 1851. The gross sale of Miss Leslie's
Cookery and Receipt Books has been about 100,000 to this
date, 1857.) 13. Althea Vernon; or, The Embroidere.
Miss
"A work apparently much required in some parts of America.”
—English Cyclopædia: Biography, 1856, vol. iii. 864.
Leslie has edited The Gift, The Violet, &c., and contri-
Undoubtedly, in some parts" of all countries.
buted largely to Godey's Lady's Book, Graham's Magazine,
and other periodicals.
"Miss Leslie has much individuality, and in all her writings has
exhibited decided talent. Her style is mature and spirited, her
fable sufficiently simple and probable, her characters boldly and
clearly, and perhaps in all cases accurately, drawn, and her descrip-
tion, narrative, and dialogue uniformly well managed.”—Griswold's
Prose Writers of America. q. v.
Leslie, David, Lord Newark. 1. Two Speeches
touching Bishops, Lon., 1641, 4to. 2. Speech to the
trained bands of Nottinghamshire, 1642, 4to.
|
Leslie, Eliza, a very popular American writer, a
native of Philadelphia, sister of Charles Robert Leslie, the
artist, is a descendant of Robert Leslie, a Scotchman, who
settled in this country about 1745. Her father, a valued
friend of President Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and other
representative men of the day, was noted for quick per-
ceptions and extensive scientific knowledge, which he de-
lighted to communicate to others, and all of his five chil-
dren have given evidence of more than ordinary abilities. Leslie, Sir John, 1766-1832, a native of Largo,
Of these, all yet survive: Thomas Jefferson is a major in Fifeshire, educated at the University of St. Andrews, in
the United States army; Anna Leslie, who resides in New
1788 accompanied to Virginia two members of the Ran-
York, has attained wide celebrity by her skill as an ama- dolph family who had been his pupils at the University;
teur painter; and the youngest of the family is the wife in 1805, he succeeded Professor Playfair as Professor of
of the distinguished writer on Political Economy, Henry Mathematics in the University of Edinburgh, and in
C. Carey, (see p. 338 of this Dictionary.) Miss Leslie has 1819, on the death of this eminent scholar, took his place
told her own story in so interesting a manner that it will in the professorship of Natural Philosophy. 1. Experi-
only be necessary for us to refer the reader to the charm- mental Inquiry into the Nature and Propagation of Heat,
ing autobiography (originally communicated to Mrs. Alice Lon., 1804, Svo. Some remarks in this work (p. 135, and
B. Neal) in Hart's Female Prose Writers of America, note 16, p. 522) caused an unsuccessful opposition to
whilst we pass on to an enumeration of her contributions Leslie when he was proposed for the professorship of Ma-
to the literature of her country. 1. Seventy-Five Receipts thematics. See Report of the Debate, Edin., 1805, 8vo.
for Pastry, Cakes, and Sweetmeats, 1827. 2. The Mirror : Leslie's book also elicited Dr. Brown's work on Cause and
Juvenile Stories. 3. The Young Americans. 4. Stories Effect: see BROWN, THOMAS, M.D., p. 259. 2. Elements
for Emma. 5. Stories for Adelaide. 6. Atlantic Tales. of Geometry, Geometrical Analysis, and Plane Trigono-
7. Stories for Helen. 8. Birth-Day Stories. 9. The Won-metry, Edin. and Lon., 1809, Svo; 2d ed., 1811, 8vo; 1817,
derful Traveller: an abridgment, with alterations, of Mun- 8vo; 1822, 8vo. Abridged, 1828, Svo. For the titles of
chausen, Gulliver, and Sinbad. 10. American Girl's Book, the different eds. see Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1122; Cham-
1831. 11. Pencil Sketches: Three Series, 1833-35-37. bers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen,
1855, 1422. The 1st ed. was reviewed in Lon. Quar. Rev.,
iv. 25-42. The 2d ed. was reviewed by Prof. Playfair
in Edin. Rev., xx. 79-100. 3. Account of Experiments
and Instruments depending on the Relations of Air to
Heat and Moisture, 1813, Svo; 1814, 12mo; 1817, 8vo.
"The whole work is marked by that ingenuity of invention and
that minute discrimination which have always distinguished Mr.
Leslie's investigations."-PROF. JOHN MURRAY, M.D.: Edin. Rev.,
xxiv. 339-353.
"Her tales are perfect daguerreotypes of real life: their actors
think, act, and speak for themselves: with a keen eye for the ludi-
crous, the failings of human nature are never portrayed but to
warn the young and the thoughtless. Her writings are distin-
guished for vivacity and ease of expression, strong common sense,
and right principle. In her juvenile tales the children are neither
'good little girls or bad little boys, but real little boys and girls,
who act and speak with all the genuineness and nairelé of child-
hood. No writer of fiction in our country has ever had a wider or
more interested circle of readers; and this is clearly proved by the
increased circulation of all those publications in which her name
has appeared as a regular contributor.”—Prof. Hart's Female Prose
Writers of America.
"Miss Leslie has quick observation, a retentive memory, a
sprightly fancy, and a persevering mind; she has also the great
merit of being free from affectation: her purpose is always to be
useful, to correct faults, expose follies, and wage war with what is
perverse and contemptible."-Mrs. Hale's Woman's Record.
Leslie, Henry, Bishop of Down and Connor. Serms.,
&c., 1637–60.
&c., 1637-60. See Hicke's Tracts.
Leslie, Hugh. Remarks on the Judicial Procedure
of our Courts, Lon., 1808, Sro.
Leslie, James. Dictionary of Synonymous Words.
and Technical Terms in the English Language, Edin.,
1806, 12mo.
This paper should be read by those who feel an interest
in a subject which has elicited much learned speculation.
The work was also reviewed in Lon. Quar. Rev. 4. Geo-
metry of Curve Lines, 1813, 8vo; 1821, 8vo. Privately
printed. 5. Philosophy of Arithmetic, 1817. 6. Elements
of Natural Philosophy, vol. i. 1823, Svo; 2d ed., 1828, 8vo.
This vol., containing Mechanics and Hydrostatics, is all
that was pub. In addition to these works, Leslie trans
Buffon's Natural History of Birds, 1793, 9 vols. Svo, and pub
·
1036
LES
LET
L'Estrange, Hammond.
1. Duties and Doctrines
of Religion, Bury St. Edmunds, 1739, 8vo. 2. Essays on
the Being of a God. Lon., 1753, 8vo.
valuable papers in Nicholson's Journal, vols. iii. and iv.;
in Edin. Phil. Trans., 1818, 1824; in the Edin. Review,
and in the Encyc. Brit. A selection from his contribu-
tions to the latter was pub. in 1838, p. 8vo, prefaced by a
Biographical Memoir of the author by Prof. Macvey Na-
pier. Contents: 1. Achromatic Glasses; 2. Acoustics;
3. Aeronautics; 4. Barometer; 5. Barometrical Men
surements; 6. Climate; 7. Cold and Congelation; 8.
Dew; 9. Meteorology. Nor must we omit to commend to
the reader's attention a vol., partly written by Sir John
Leslie, pub. in Oliver & Boyd's Edinburgh Cabinet Library,
entitled Narrative of Discovery and Adventure in the Polar
L'Estrange, Sir Roger, M.P., 1616-1704, a native
Seas and Regions; 20th ed., 1856, Svo. But the most cele-
of Norfolk, Licenser of the Press under Charles II. and
brated of his papers in the Encyclopædia is the Disser-
James II., defended the measures of the Court in his Ob-
tation in vol. i. on The Progress of Mathematical and
servator, (1679-87, 3 vols. fol.,) The Public Intelligencer,
Physical Sciences, chiefly during the Eighteenth Century.
The News, and in many tracts and pamphlets, long for-
For this essay the author received about £500,-an amount
gotten. He also pub. a number of controversial pieces
for which some good-natured authors would engage to fur-
of a theological character, and translations of Esop's
nish a whole book. Sir John was never married. Further Fables, Seneca's Morals, Cicero's Offices, Erasmus's Col-
information respecting this distinguished scholar will be loquies, Quevedo's Visions, Bona's Guide to Eternity, the
found in Macvey Napier's biography of Sir John Leslie,
Works of Josephus, and Five Letters from a Nun to a
in Encyc. Brit.; also prefixed to the vol. of Leslie's Con-
Cavalier. The Poem of Loyalty Confined is supposed to
tributions to the work. See also Mrs. Thomson's Recol-
have been written by Sir Roger whilst imprisoned on ac-
See Miss
lections, ii. 67; Memoirs of the Life of Sir James Mack-count of his adherence to Charles the First.
intosh; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1833, Pt. 1, 85; Blackw. Mag.,
Mitford's Recollections of a Literary Life. A list of his
i. 86, 303, vi. 501, viii. 208, xix., Pref., p. xiv.; xxxiv. 366.
works will be found in Watt's Bibl. Brit. See also Biog.
"It would be impossible, we think. for any intelligent and well-
Brit.; Genl. Dict.; Cibber's Lives: Nichols's Lit. Anec.;
constituted mind, thoroughly acquainted with the powers and attain- Nichols's Poems; Granger's Biog. Hist. of Eng.; Echard's
ments of Sir John Leslie, to view them without a strong feeling of Hist. of Eng.; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Felton's Dissert.
admiration for his vigorous and inventive genius, and of respect
for that extensive and varied knowledge which his active curiosity,
on the Classics, ed. 1715, 153; Literary Magazine for
his excursive reading, and his happy memory had enabled him to
1758; T. B. Macaulay's Hist. of Eng., vols. i. and iv.,
amass and digest. His theoretical notions may be thrown aside or
1848-56.
condemned; but his exquisite instruments and his experimental
combinations will ever attest the utility no less than the originality
of his labours, and continue to act as helps to farther discovery.?
-PROF. NAPIER: ubi supra.
Leslie, Madeline.
The Courtesies of Wedded Life,
Bost., 1857. Highly commended.
Leslie, Peter Dugud, M.D., of Durham, d. 1782.
Causes of Animal Heat, Lon., 1778, Svo.
Leslie, Rev. William. General View of the Agri-
culture of Moray and Nairn, Lon., 1811, '13, Svo.
"One of the best-arranged of the many county reports that were
written for the Board of Agriculture."-—Donaldson's Agricult.
Biog., 106.
“A book of considerable merit, written in a bad style.”—Lon,
Quar. Rec.
5. The Alliances of Divine Offices, exhibiting all the
Liturgies of the Church of England since the Reforma-
tion, 1659, '99, both fol.; 4th ed., Oxf., 1846, 8vo.
L'Estrange, Hammond. The Justice's Law,
Lon., 1720, 12mo. The next author is supposed to be a
different person.
Lesly, John. On John xi. 35, Lon., 1631, Svo.
Lesly, P. Examen Conjurationis Scotiæ; sive, Oratio
habita Lignegarvæ, Dubl., 1639, 4to.
Lester, C. Edwards, an American author, late U.
States Consul at Genoa. 1. Samuel Houston and his Re-
public, N. York, 8vo. 2. Biographical Sketches of Artists
of America. 3. The Mountain Wild Flower; or, Memoirs
of Miss Mary Ann Price, 1838, 12mo. 4. Condition and
Fate of England; 2d ed., 1843, 2 vols. 5. Glory and Shame
of England, 1841, 2 vols. p. Svo. 6. With A. Foster, Lives
and Voyages of Americus Vespusius, Svo. 7. The Artist,
Merchant, and Statesman, 1845, 2 vols. Reviewed in Hunt's
Merchants' Mag., xiv. 235. 8. Trans. of Machiavelli's,
Florentine Histories, 1845, 2 vols. 12mo. 9. Trans. of An-
saldo Ceba's Citizen of a Republic, 1845, 12mo. These
translations are severely censured (by H. W. Torrey) in
the N. Amer. Rev., lxii. 507–514. 10. My Consulship, 2
vols. 12mo.
Lester, Eliza B. The Quakers; a Tale, 1818.
Lester, John W., incumbent of Ashton Hayes. 1.
Two Orations, Lon., 1842, 8vo. 2. Cambridge Criticisms,
1847, fp. Svo; 3d ed., 1854, 12mo. Containing papers on
most of the leading poets of the present century.
"A fervid appreciation of true genius, a warm admiration of the
lofty intellect, combined with a deep and fervid feeling of piety, are
the characteristics of this book.”—Tail's Edin. Mug,
Also highly commended by Hogg's Instructor, Church
of Eng. Quar. Rev., and the Liverpool Courier.
3. Orations, 1851, 12mo. 4. Orations, 1856, 12mo.
Lester, William. 1. Cutting Hay, &c., Lon., 1803,
Svo. 2. Economy of the Barn, 1811, 4to. 3. Implements
for Agriculture, 1811, 4to. 4. Trade with India, 1813, Svo.
5. Washing-Machine; Nic. Jour., 1811.
Lestley, Charles, Chancellor of the Cathedral of
Connor. 1. Serms., 1720, 8vo. 2. Works. 1721, 2 vols. fol.
Lestley, George: Four Serms., 1634, Svo.
2.
Lestlock, Richard. 1. Late Action in the Mediter-
ranean, Lon., 1744, Svo. 2. Speech in H. of C., 1745, Svo.
L'Estrange, Hammond, a brother of Sir Roger
L'Estrange. 1. God's Sabbath, Camb., 1641, 4to.
Answer to the Marquis of Worcester, Lon., 1651, Svo. 3.
Americans no Jews, 1652, 4to. 4. The Reign of Charles I.,
Lon., 1654, 55, '56, all fol: This elicited two books from
Peter Heylin, D.D. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1123.
"The business of licensing books was entrusted to Sir Roger
L'Estrange, a well-known pamphleteer of that age, and himself a
most scurrilous libeller in behalf of the party he espoused.—that
of popery and despotic power. It is hardly necessary to remind
the reader of the objections that were raised to one or two lines in
Paradise Lost."-Hallam's Constit. Hist. of England, 7th ed., 1854,
iii. 4.
This eminent critic admires Sir Roger's literary taste
as little as his political principles:
"The pattern of bad writing in this respect (slang] was Sir Roger
L'Estrange: his Esop's Fables will present every thing that is
hostile to good taste; yet by a certain wit and readiness in raillery
L'Estrange was a popular writer, and may even now be read, per-
haps, with some amusement."-Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., 1554,
iii. 353.
"Sir Roger L'Estrange among his rivals was esteemed as the
most perfect model of political writing. He was a strong party-
writer on the government side, for Charles the Second, and the
compositions of the author seem to us coarse, yet they contain
much idiomatic expression. His Esop's Fables are a curious spe
cimen of familiar style.”—Disraeli's "Curiosities of Lit., ed. Lon.,
1851, 57.
His Esop's Fables was more a new work than a translation.
The most valuable of his books is his translation of Josephus,
which, though in a better style than most of his writings, has been
very justly censured. He was one of the great corrupters of our
language, by excluding vowels and other letters not commonly
pronounced, and introducing pert and affected phrases."-Gran-
ger's Biog. Hist. of Eng., 5th ed., 1824, v. 270.
In a notice of Queredo's Visions, by Mr. Ticknor, in
his History of Spanish Literature, this eminent scholar
remarks:
"All the translations I have seen are bad. The best is that of
L'Estrange, or at least the most spirited; but still L'Estrange is
not always faithful when he knew the meaning, and he is some-
times unfaithful from ignorance. Indeed, the great popularity of
his translations was probably owing, in some degree, to the addi-
tions he boldly made to his text, and the frequent accommodations
he hazarded of its jests to the scandal and tastes of his times by
allusions entirely English and local.”—Vol. ii. 271, n., N. York,
1855.
"L'Estrange was by no means deficient in readiness and shrewd-
ness; and his diction. though coarse, and disfigured by a mean
and flippant jargon which then passed for wit in the green-room
and the tavern, was not without keenness and vigour. But his
nature, at once ferocious and ignoble, showed itself in every line
that he penned.”—T. B. Macaulay's Hist. of Eng., vol. i.
We are told that
the following anagram on his name:
"Queen Mary seemed to show great contempt for him, making
Roger L'Estrange,
Lying strange Roger."
Biog. Brit.. 1760, v. 2727.
"This," says Granger, "naturally introduces the distich made
by Lee, who by years was so strangely altered as scarcely to be
recollected by his old friend:
Faces may alter, names can't strange:
I am strange Lee altered; you are still Le' Strarge."
Letchwork, Thomas. Twelve Discourses, 1787,
Svo.
Lethieullier, Smart, d. 1760, aged 59, pub. some
antiquarian papers in Phil. Traus., No. 497, and in Arch-
æol., i. p. 26, 57, 73, 75, ii. 291.
æol., i. p. 26, 57, 73, 75, ii. 291. See Nichols's Lit. Auec.;
Lyson's Environs, vol. v.
1067
LET
LEV
Letsome, Sampson, Vicar of Thame. The Preach- | triumph in overcoming the gravity oven of the sternest
er's Assistant; in 2 Pts., Lon., 1753, Svo.
of the rigid tribe of reviewers, and eliciting commenda-
tion where one of less assurance or less fun would have
been cudgelled into sobriety by unsparing castigation.
I
"I know not whether you have seen Letsome's Preacher's As-
sistant. If you can spare so much money, you will find it a very
aseful book to increase your acquaintance with our sermon-
writers."-JOB ORTON.
See CooкE, JOHN.
Letterman, James. Effects of the Agoric of the
Oak, &c.; Phil. Trans., 1755.
Lettice, John, D.D., 1737-1832, Prebendary of
Chichester, pub. a number of sermons, poems, tales, &c.,
a trans. of The Antiquities of Herculaneum, from the
Italian, 1773, 4to, (in conjunction with Thomas Martyn,)
of Isaac Hawkins Browne's De Animi Immortalitate,
1795, Svo, (see p. 261 of this Dictionary.) and of Baron
Holberg's Parallel Lives of Famous Ladies, from the
Danish; and in 1794, Svo, he gave to the world, Letters
on a Tour through various Parts of Scotland in 1792.
See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1832, Pt. 2, 477-480.
Letto, Charles. Emma; a Poem, Lon., 1799, 4to.
Lettsom, John Coakley, M.D., 1744-1815, a Lon-
don physician, a native of the West Indies, of a Quaker
family, pub. a number of medical, moral, and philanthro-
pical works, Lives of Dr. John Fothergill and others, an
ed. of Fothergill's Works, (see p. 623 of this Dictionary,)
and many professional papers in Phil. Trans. and Memoirs
Med. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Memoirs of the Life and
Writings of the late Dr. Lettsom, with Selections from his
Correspondence, by T. J. Pettigrew, Lon., 1817, 3 vols.
Svo Blackw. Mag., ii. 636-639. Lettsom was a friend
of Benjamin Franklin. Perhaps his best-known work is
Hints designed to promote Beneficence, Temperance, and
Medical Science, 1799-1802, 3 vols. 8vo.
Levasseur, Rev. P. C. French Student's Vade-
Mecum, 1809, 12mo.
Leven, General, Earl of. His Declarations and
Propositions pub. in the Scots Army, Lon., 1648, 4to.
Levens, Peter. The Pathway to Health, Lon.,
1587, 4to. Many eds. Other works. See Athen. Oxon.
Lever, Sir Ashton, d. 1788, was noted for his ex-
cellent museum. Companion to his Museum, Lon., 1790,
4to. See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1788; European Mag., 1788.
Lever, Charles James, M.D., the popular novelist,
was born in Dublin, August 31, 1806, was educated at
Trinity College in his native city, and afterwards took a
degree at Göttingen; practised medicine with great suc-
cess in the North of Ireland, during the cholera-season
of 1832; was subsequently nominated to the post of Phy-
sician to the British Embassy at Brussels, and filled this
office for three years; in April, 1842, became editor of the
Dublin University Magazine; in 1845 removed to Florence,
where he has since resided, still writing for the periodical
formerly under his superintendence. Mr. Lever has been
a voluminous author, as the following list of his works--
to which might be added a number not acknowledged to
be from his pen-gives ample evidence.
1. Confessions of Harry Lorrequer, 1840, 8vo; 1845,
3vo; 1850, 8vo. 2. Charles O'Malley, the Irish Dragoon,
1841, 2 vols. 8vo; 1850, 2 vols. 8vo. 3. Jack Hinton,
(Our Mess, vol. i.,) new ed., 1843, 8vo; 1850, 8vo. 4. Tom
Burke of Ours, (Our Mess, vols. ii. and iii.,) 1844, 2 vols.
Svo: 1850, 8vo. 5. Arthur O'Leary, 1844, 3 vols. p. 8vo;
1845, 8vo. 6. The O'Donoghue; a Tale of Ireland, 1845,
8vo; 1850, 8vo. 7. St. Patrick's Eve, 1845, 16mo; 1849,
16mo. 8. The Knight of Gwynne; a Tale, 1847, 2 vols.
8vo; 1850, 8vo. 9. Diary and Notes of Horace Templeton;
2d ed., 1849, 2 vols. 8vo. 10. Roland Cashel, 1849, 8vo;
1852, 2 vols. 8vo. 11. Tales of the Trains, by Tilbury
Tramp, 16mo. 12. The Daltons; or, Three Roads in Life,
1852, 2 vols. 8vo; 1854, 2 vols. 8vo. 13. Maurice Tiernay,
1852. 14. The Nevilles of Garrettstown. 15. The Dodd
Family Abroad, 1853-54, 8vo. 16. Sir Jasper Carew, 1854.
17. The Commissioner; or, De Lunatico Inquirendo. 18.
Con Cregan. 19. The Mystic Vial. 20. Heirs of Randolph
Abbey, 8vo. 21. The Martins of Cro' Martin, 1856, Svo.
On the first of the present year (1857) Messrs. Chapman
& Hall, of London, commenced the publication of a cheap
and uniform edition of Lever's Novels, (with illustrations
in each vol. by H. K. Browne,--" Phiz,") in crown 8vo
vols. at only four shillings each. Mr. T. B. Peterson, of
Philadelphia, has also issued a selection from the novels
of Lever, in 4 vols. r. 8vo. : Vol. I., Charles O'Malley;
II. Harry Lorrequer, Arthur O'Leary; III. Jack Hinton,
Knight of Gwynne; IV. Tom Burke of Ours, Kate O'
Donoghue, Horace Templeton.
"We have a very undue propensity to underrate these stories of
adventure: but we think it remains to be proved that our booke
of emotion and sentiment are really of a higher class, as they cor
tainly are not of a healthier. It is good to be the favourite of
youth.-good to awake the eager interest, the laugh which rings
from the heart.
There is no dulness in Mr. Lever's dashing,
daring, rapid books. Of their kind they are capital. . . . It is not
Mr. Lever's forte, perhaps, to dive into the secret heart of things,
or analyze his heroes and heroines: but who can take a standing
world with such noble horsemanship? He has the true spring of
leap like the author of Harry Lorrequer? Who can witch the
Irish humour and Irish shrewdness in him. Mickey Free is as
merry and honest a rogue as ever happy fancy invented; and all
the secondary bits of life and character in the home-country aro
admirable.”—Blackwood's Mag., May, 1855: Modern Novelists,
Great and Small.
•
"The author is pre-eminent for his mirth-moving powers, for his
acute sense of the ridiculous, for the breadth of his humour, and
for his power of dramatic writing, which renders his boldest con-
ceptions with the happiest facility."-Lon. Athen.
The intense spirit and frolic of the author's sketches have made
him one of the most successful writers of the day."-Lon. Lit.
Gaz.
We have before us a number of other commendatory
notices of Mr. Lever's works, which we are obliged to
omit from want of space. See Fraser's Mag., xxii. 320,
xxvi. 447; Poe's Literati.
Lever, Christopher. 1. Queene Elizabeth's Teares,
Lon., 1607, 4to; a poem. Sold at Bindley's sale for £10.
2. A Crucifixe, 1607, 4to. 3. Hist. of the Defenders of the
Catholique Faith,-viz.: Henry VIII., Edw. VI., Mary,
Elizabeth, and James, 1627, 4to. With eight portraits.
Lever, Darcey. Sea Officer's Sheet Anchor, 1808, 4to.
Lever, Ralph, Dean of Durham. 1. Play of
Cheastes, [Chess,] Lon., 1562. The work entered under
FULKE, WM., No. 2, is a 2d ed. of the above. 2. The
Art of Reason, rightly termed Witchcraft, 1573, sm. Svo.
Lever, Thomas, d. 1577, Master of St. John's Coll.,
Camb., pub. seven serms., 1550-73; a Meditacion upon
the Lordes Prayer, &c., 1551, 16mo; Certayne Godly Ex-
ercises, &c., 8vo; and a Treatise on the Danger from
Synne, &c., 1571, '75, Svo. See Strype's Cranmer; Parker;
Grindal; Gilpin's Life of Gilpin; Fuller's Worthies;
Brook's Lives of the Puritans; Harwood's Alumni
Etonenses; Baker's MS. Collections.
"No man was more vehement or more galling in his sermons
against the waste of church revenues, and other prevailing cor-
with Latimer and Knox. . . . No one can read his sermons with-
ruptions of the court. which occasioned Bishop Ridley to rank him
out imagining he has something before him of Latimer or Luther."
-BAKER: ubi supra.
Leverett, Frederick Percival, d. 1836, aged about
33, Principal of the Boston school, pub. Viri Romæ, Bost.,
12mno; the New Latin Tutor, 12mo; an ed. of Cæsar, one
of Juvenal, and one of Gardner's Latin and English Dic-
tionary; and compiled, chiefly from Facciollati, Forcel-
lini, Scheller, and Luneman, A Lexicon of the Latin Lan-
guage, 1837, r. 8vo; new ed., enlarged and improved, 1843,
imp. 8vo; new ed.. pub. by II. G. Bohn, Lon., 1848, r. 8vo.
"A production which does equal honour to American scholarship
and the American press. . . . It supplies an important desidera-
tum."-Eclectie Rev.
Mr. Leverett projected a Greek Lexicon, on a similar
plan, of the same size, but this design was cut short by
his death. See AINSWORTH, ROBERT; LIDDELL, HENRY
GEORGE; PICKERING, JOHN. We are pleased to see the
gical, of Sir John Leverett, and of the Family [of which
announcement of a Memoir, Biographical and Genealo-
With Portraits.
our author is a descendant] generally, Bost., 1857, Svo.
Leveridge, Richard. Songs, Lon., 1727, 2 vols. 8vo.
Le Vert, C. System of Teaching and Learning Lan-
guages. Lon., 1842, 12mo.
Le Vert, Madame Octavia, late Miss Walton,
of the most accomplished women of the day, has now in
b. in Augusta, Georgia, a resident of Mobile, Alabama, one
is understood that Madame Le Vert embodies the results
press Souvenirs of Travel, Mobile, 1857. In this work it
of her observations in France and other parts of Europe.
Eight thousand copies of the Souvenirs were ordered
within a short time after its announcement. See Emer-
son's (New York) Magazine, July, 1857.
Levet, John. Petition to H. of Peers, fol.
Levett. Advice to a Daughter, 1714, 8vo.
1618, 4to. 2. Voyage into New England, 1628, 4to.*
Levett, Christopher. 1. Timber-Measures, Lou.,
Levett, James. Astronomical, &c. Lessons, 1803.
Levett, John. The Ordering of Bees, Lon., 1630,
Mr. Lever is not only exceedingly popular with readers
at large, but his exuberant jollity has achieved a great | 8vo; 1634, 4to.
1088
LEV
LEW
"Shows an accurate knowledge of the management of bees.”-
Donaldson's Agricull. Biog.
Levi, David, 1740–1799, a zealous Jew, a hatter of
London, gained great reputation by several learned pub-work.
lications, the principal of which are: 1. Lingua Sacra; in
three Pts., Lon., 1785–89, 3 vols. 8vo. This consists of a
Hebrew Grammar, a Hebrew -English Dictionary, &c. 2.
The Pentateuch, in Hebrew and English, 1789, 8vo. 3.
English, 1789, 8vo. 3.
Trans. from Hebrew into English of the Prayers of the
Portuguese Jews, 1789-93, 6 vols. 8vo. See LEESER,
ISAAC, No. 4. 4. Disserts. on the Prophecies of the Old
Testament, 1793, 2 vols. 8vo. 5. Defence of the Old Test.,
in Letters; in answer to Thos. Paine's Age of Reason, Pt.
|
2, 1797, 8vo. See Lyson's Environs, sup. vol.; European
Mag., 1799; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1801.
Levi, Leone. 1. Commercial Law of Great Britain,
Edin., 1850-52, 4 vols. 4to, £6. A most important work.
A most important work.
"It bears marks of careful research; and strong testimony from
some leading authorities has already been given in its favour.”—
Lon. Times.
Levinge, Major R. G. A. 1. Adventures of
well Doolan, Lon., 2 vols. p. Svo. 2. Echoes from the
Backwoods, 1846, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 1847, p. Svo. 3. The
Traveller in the East, 1849. This book was (literally)
"printed by the author" in the rainy days and winter
nights of seven years. It is from three fonts of type: let
the Bibliomaniac (if he can!) secure a copy. See Dublin
Univ. Mag., xxxiv. 95–101.
Levinz, Sir Creswell, Knt., one of the Judges of
the Common Pleas. 1. Reports K. B., C. P., 12 Car. II.-9
Wm. III., 1660-1697. In French, Lon., 1702, fol.; 2d
ed., French and English, (trans. by Salkeld and others,)
1722, 2 vols. fol.; 3d ed., English, 1793-97, 3 vols. sm. Svo.
There is some variety in the dates of these vols.: Marvin
has it 1802, 3 vols. 8vo; Watt, 1802, 2 vols. Svo; Lowndes,
1800, 3 vols. 8vo. 2. Collection of Select and Modern
Entries of Declarations, &c., 1702, fol.
This work is not without value to the student; but we
imagine that a little more of the spirit of true philosophy
will cause the third edit., should one appear, to vary more
from the second than the second does from the first.
8. Life and Works of Goethe, with Sketches of his Age
and Contemporaries, from published and unpublished
Sources, 1855, 2 vols. 8vo. On this work Mr. Lewes em-
See also Lon. Athenæum, 1852. 253-772.
the World, 1851. On a roller. 3. Manual of Mercantile
Law, 1854, 8vo. 4. The Law of Nature and Nations as
affected by Divine Law, 1855, 8vo.
2. A Chart of the Principal Commercial Countries of ployed much labour during the ten years which preceded
its publication. It has pleased the Germans greatly,-
which is no marvel, considering the biographer's devotion
to his hero. Dr. Julius Frese has pub. (Dec. 1856) the
first vol. of an intended translation of Mr. Lewes's work.
Levi, Philip. Hebrew Grammar, Oxon., 1705, 8vo.
Levinge, E. P. Justice's Manual, Ireland, Lon.,
1852, 12mo.
6
"Lord Hardwicke is reported to have said, that, though Levinz
was a good lawyer, he was sometimes a very careless reporter;"
but the book, notwithstanding this censure, is frequently cited,
and in Chancellor Kent's notices of judicial reports [1 Com., 486]
is spoken of as good authority.”—Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855,
206, q. v.
"A more faithful and lifelike biography than this we have
rarely read. The image of the living man is presented with much
skill and much candour. Mr. Lewes speaks often of the many-
Crom-sidedness of Goethe,' and he shows bis weak sides and dark sides
as well as his great and brilliant ones, of which we all know. If the
reader does not form the same high estimate of Goethe the man as
Goethe the author, it will not be from want of ample materials for
forming a judgment. His whole history is here laid open, and the
facts are derived not from books only, but from the testimony of
those who knew the man, and from other authentic sources of in-
formation.”—Løn. Literary Gazette, 1855, 691-693. See also 775-
See also 5 Burr, 2731; 3 Turn. C. C., 17; Bridg. Leg.
Bibl., 192; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 460.
Levison, G., M.D. 1. Essay on the Blood, Lon.,
1776, Svo. 2. Epidemical Sore Throat, 1778, Svo.
Levison, R. Serms. in Catholick Serms. (Lou.,
1741, 2 vols. Svo) i. 349.
Levitt, Wm. Theolog. treatises. Lon., 1649, '53.
Levius, P. Dict. of English and Latin Words, 4to.
Lewelyn, William. See LLEWELLYN.
Lewes, Charles Lee. 1. Comic Sketches, 1805. 2.
His Memoirs, Lon., 1805, 4 vols. 12mo. Pub. by his son,
John Lee Lewes. Here will be found anecdotes of the
English and Scottish stages for forty years.
Lewes, Edward. Pleading in Civil Actions, 1807.
Lewes, George Henry, b. April 18, 1817, in Lon-
don, after a short trial first of commerce and then of
medicine, determined to gratify his strong partialities for
a literary life, and, judging by his devotion to his philoso-
phical studies, does not seem to have regretted his final
choice of a profession. 1. Life of Robespierre, with ex-
tracts from his Unpublished Correspondence, Lon., p. Svo.
"The book fills a chasm in historical biography, and will long
continue to do so, as the ground is not likely to be successfully
retrod, at least without the discovery of new materials." Jerrold's
Newspaper.
2. Ranthorpe; a Novel, 1847, p. Svo. See Brit. Quar.
Rev., vii. 332. 3. Comte's Philosophy of the Sciences,
1853, sm. Svo.
4. The Spanish Drama: Lope de Vega
and Calderon, 8vo.
"A lively and brief account of the most eminent dramatists of
Spain."-Lon. Athenæum.
Tragedy, 1850, Svo. 7. Biographical History of Plilo-
sophy, 4 vols. 18mo, bound in 2, 1845; again, 1852.
Mr. Lewes is now (1857) engaged in rewriting this
Since the above was written, the new ed. of the
Biographical History of Philosophy has made its appear-
ance, Lon., 1857, 8vo; N. York, 1857, 8vo.
5. Rose, Blanche, and Violet; a Novel, 1848, 3 vols. p. Svo.
"It does not often fall to the lot of novel-readers to meet with so
clever a work as the one before us; and it is as instructive as it is
amusing "-Jerrold's Newspaper.
"There is no book in our recollection where infirmity of purpose
is more keenly anatomized or more successfully demonstrated."-
Lon. Examiner.
See Brit. Quar. Rev., vii. 332. 6. The Noble Heart; a
"Seven new names have been added to the list of philosophers,—
Abelard, Algazzali, Giordano Bruno, Hartley, Darwin. Cabanis, and
Gall. An Introduction, setting forth the distinguishing character-
istics of Philosophy and Science, replaces the original Introduction.
Under the heads of Socrates, the Sophists, Aristotle, Hume. Con-
dillac, Kant, and Eclecticism, considerable additions and altera-
tions will be found; and throughout the revision has been such
that scarcely a paragraph remains unaltered."-Author's Preface.
·
777.
But this critic condemns-what most dispassionate minds
will deplore the excessive exhibition of the furor bio-
graphicus which saps Mr. Lewes's integrity of judgment.
Mr. G. H. Lewes has written a very good and very interesting
life of Goethe. He has brought eminent qualifications to this
task; for, though he is an ardent admirer of his hero, and indeed
may be ranked among the Goethe idolaters, he has acuteness, dis-
crimination. and good sense.”—Fraser's Magazine.
The reviewer then proceeds to rebuke Mr. Lewes for his
attempt to defend Goethe against the oft-repeated charges
The
of immorality as a writer and irreligion as a man.
Life of Goethe-whilst as yet unfinished-and its author
are thus referred to by the late Margaret Fuller:
"The second time Mr. C.[arlyle] had a dinner-party, at which
was a witty, French, flippant sort of man, author of a History of
Philosophy, and now writing a Life of Goethe.—a task for which he
must be as unfit as irreligion and sparkling shallowness can mako
him."
It will be remembered that the favourite object of Miss
Fuller's literary life was a Memoir of Goethe, for which
she had made long and assiduous preparation. Mr. Lewes
was the editor of the Leader newspaper from its cou-
mencement, in 1849, until July, 1854, and he has been a
contributor to the Edinburgh, Westminster, Foreign
Quarterly, British and Foreign, and British Quarterly,
Reviews; to Blackwood, Fraser, the Classical Museum,
and Monthly Chronicle, and to the Morning Chronicle.
and Atlas newspapers.
2. Me-
Lewes, John Lee. 1. Poems. 1812, 12mo.
moirs, &c. See LEWES, CHARLES LEE.
Lewes, Richard. Serm., Oxf., 1594, 12mo.
Lewicke, Edward. Hist. of Titus and Gisippus,
It is sup-
Lon., 1562. Svo. Bindley sale, £24 138. 6d.
Boccaccio) Goldsmith founded his tale of Alexander and
posed that upon this poem (taken from the Decameron of
Septimus. See Sir T. Elliot's Governor; Warton's Hist
of Eng. Poet.
Lewin, Sir G. A. 1. Summary of the Law of Set-
tlement, Lon., 1827. 12mo. 2. Reports C. S., Northern
Circuit, &c., 1822-38, 2 vols. 12mo, 1834-39.
"We believe there is merit enough in the performance to make
it very probable that it will be acknowledged as of good authority."
-3 Leg. Exam. & L. C., 10.
of the Poor, 1828, 12mo.
3. Law relating to the Government and Maintenance
Lewin, John William. Natural Hist. of the Birds
of New South Wales; 3d ed., Lon., 1838, sm. fol. Twenty-
seven col'd plates, £4 48. With an Index by Gould,
Eyton, &c.
+6
Admirable figures, full of truth and nature,-accompanied by
valuable observations on the habits and economy of the birds.”-
SWAINSON.
"According to the first ornithologists of the day, these plates
are of permanent value."-NEVILLE WOOD.
Lewin, Robert. Serm., Lon., 1793, 8vo.
69
1050
LEW
LEW
Lewis, Ellis, Judge of the Supreme Ct. of Penna.
Abridgment of the Criminal Law of the United States,
Phila., 1848. Svo.
|
Lewis, Enoch. 1. Algebra: 4th ed., Phila., 1852,
12ino.
3. Arithmetic.
2. Key to do.
4. Plane and
Spherical Trigonometry.
Lewis, Estelle Anna Blanche, b. April, 1824,
near Baltimore, Maryland, a daughter of the late Dr.
John N. Robinson, and the wife of Mr. S. D. Lewis, mem-
ber of the Bar, has been since her marriage a resident of
Brooklyn, New York.
Brooklyn, New York. 1. Rocords of the Heart: Lyrical
and Narrative Poems, N. York, 1844, 12mo. 2. Child of
the Sea, and other Poems, 1848, 12mo. 3. Loves of the
Minstrel, 1852, 12mo. 4. Poetical Works, illustrated,
1857, Svo, pp. 420. This includes the three preceding
vols., (two of which had previously reached a second and
the other a third edition,) with some additions. Mrs.
Lewis has been a large contributor to the Family Maga.
zine, the Democratic Review, Graham's Magazine, the
American Review, The Lady's Book, Home Journal, and
The Spirit of the Nineteenth Century. She is an accom-
plished linguist, and some of her translations of portions:
of Virgil, as well as several of her English compositions,
have been warmly commended. See Griswold's Female
Poets of America; Hart's Female Prose Writers of Ame-
rica; Mrs. Hale's Records of Woman; Democratic Re-
view, xxiii. 158: Edgar A. Poe's Literati, and an article
by the same author in South. Lit. Mess., xiv. 569.
Lewis, F. Address to the Clergy, Lon., 1803, 8vo.
Devon, 4to.
Lewis, Frederick C. 1. Scenery of the River Exe,
3.
2. Scenery on the River Dart, 4to.
4.
Scenery of the Rivers Tamar and Tavy, imp. 4to.
Scenery of the Devonshire Rivers, 1843, imp. 4to, £3 108.
5. River and Landscape Scenery in England and Wales,
1845-46, imp. fol., £5 58.
2.
Lewis, G. R. 1. Account of Kilpeck Church, Here-
fordshire, Lon., 1842, r. 4to, £2 28.; imp. 4to, £2 S8.
Ancient Font at Little Walsingham, 1843, fol., £1 18.
Lewis, George, of Westram. Serms., 1717–35.
Lewis, George. Drych Ysgrythyrol, new Gorph
We have six other commendatory notices before us of
this work, and a eulogistic poem addressed to "The Lynn Ddifinyddiaeth, Caerlleon, 1797, Svo. A valuable body
Bard" by Mrs. Jane Ermina Locke.
of divinity in six parts,-viz.: 1. Theologia; 2. Anthro-
pologia; 3. Christologia; 4. Charitologia; 5. Pneumato-
logia; 6. Nomologia.
..
Lewin, Thomas. The Life of Saint Paul, Lon.,
1851, 2 vols. 8vo.
"The work before us is one which we can hardly lay down with-
out concluding the perusal of it."—English Review.
"A more complete introduction to the Acts of the Apostles than
any other work with which we are acquainted.”—Irish Ecclesias-
tical Journal.
See CONYBEARE, W. J.
Lewin, Thomas. Prac. Treat. on the Law of Trust
and Trustees; 2d ed., Lon., 1842, Svo.
Lewin, William. 1. The Birds of G. Britain, Lon.,
1789-95, 8 vols. imp. 4to; sometimes bound in 7 vols.;
3323 col'd drawings. Lewin coloured several sets, at fifty
guineas each set. 2. The Papillios of G. Britain, 1795,
4to. 3. The Insects of G. Britain, vol. i., 1795, 4to.; forty-
six col'd plates. 4. Nat. Hist. of Lepidopterous Insects of
New South Wales, 1805, 4to; eighteen col'd plates. 5.
Rare British Insects; Trans. Linn. Soc., 1793.
Lewis, Miss, afterwards Mrs. Robert Clerk, of
Tetbury. Poems, Lon., 1788, Svo.
Lewis, Alonzo, "The Lynn Bard," has gained
reputation both as a topographer and a poet. 1. Forest-
1. Forest-
Flowers and Sea-Shells: Poeins, Bost., 1831, 12mo. This
vol. has passed through ten eds.
Many passages of exceeding beauty will be found in the poem
of Love, as well as in the minor pieces which are appended,-the
majority of them being characterized by high moral views, with
great sweetness of versification."—Sheffield (Eng.) Iris; edited by
James Montgomery, the poet.
"We think our readers will agree with us that this is as melli-
fluous verse as ever Campbell or Rogers wrote."-Norwich (Eng.)
Guzelle.
"We love Lewis, for he is a poet in all his doings, lookings, say-
ings, and dreamings."-N. P. WILLIS.
See Amer. Month. Rev., i. 42. 2. Hist. of Lynn, in-
cluding Nahant, 1844, Svo.
"It is really a meritorious work, complete in every part, and
evincing much reading, research, and correct judgment."-SNEL-
LING.
"A curious compendium, not only to antiquaries and the immie-
diate descendants of the first settlers of that place, but to readers
of every class and section of the country."-Traveller's Guide.
Lewis, Charles. The Four Reformed Parliaments:
Handbook to the Elections, 1832-42, Lon., 1842, 12mo.
"The Four Reformed Parliaments is a clever and well-digested
list and calendar of the respective returns in these four general
elections. the numbers polled, the members returned, their politics,
&c. It is well printed, and a useful vademecum for offices and men
of business.”—Bell's Messenger.
Lewis, David. Miscellaneous Poems, by several
hands, Lon., 1729-30, 2 vols. 8vo.
Lewis, David. Address to the Jews, 1800, Svo.
Lewis, Edward. Serms., &c., 1744-72.
Lewis, Elisha J., M.D., b. 1820, in Baltimore, is a
son of A. J. Lewis, an eminent merchant of Philadel-
phia, and a grandson of Captain Joseph Lewis, of the
American Revolutionary army. The subject of our notice
passed two years of his collegiate life at old Nassau Hall,
Princeton, subsequently pursued his medical studies under
Dr. John K. Mitchell, a distinguished physician of Phila-
delphia, graduated at the University of Pennsylvania,
vigorously prosecuted his medical and scientific studies in
Paris, afterwards settled in Philadelphia, where he has
since resided. 1. Hints to Sportsmen; containing Notes
on Shooting, the Habits of Game-Birds and Wild Fowls
of America, the Dog, the Gun, the Field, &c., Phila.,
1851, 12mo. 2. The American Sportsman, &c., 1855, Svo.
This may be considered an improved and enlarged ed. of
No. 1. A third ed. was pub., 1857, 8vo,-a truly beautiful
volume, with numerous illustrations. Highly commended
in Putnam's Monthly Mag., v. 330.
Two American sportsmen have favoured us with some
comments on this work, and from these we extract a few
lines:
"The descriptions of the birds are most graphic, and the general
information and practical suggestions are of the most useful cha-
racter to every votary of the Dog and Gun."-L.
"A valuable compilation of well-digested ideas of writers, talkers,
amateurs, and the thoroughly initiated in sporting-matters-ex-
hibiting much care, study, and patience on the part of the author."
-C.
3. Amer. ed. of Youatt on the Dog; with addits., 1847,
8vo. Dr. Lewis is the author of several articles on the
origin of the Setter and Pointer, repub. in Porter's ed. of
Lt. Col. P. Hawker's Instructions to Young Sportsmen,
(see p. 801 of this Dictionary,) and has contributed nu-
merous scientific and sporting as well as humorous papers
to the New York Spirit of the Times. Of the latter, we
understand, a selection will soon be pub. in a handsome
colume.
1090
Well calculated to promote the knowledge of undefiled reli
gion."-Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 706.
Lewis, George. Four Groups to illustrate Dr. Dib-
din's Tour in France and Germany, 1821, r. 4to; 1823, r.
Svo. Some copies contain a printed statement (carefully
suppressed) respecting the disagreement between Lewis
and Dr. Dibdin.
Lewis, Rev. George, of Dundee. Impressions of
America and the American Churches, Edin., 1845, p. 8vo.
"Truly interesting and full of information.”—Presbyterian Rev.
"The author treats in an able, candid manner the great sub-
jects with which he is led to grapple."-Scottish Guardian.
Lewis, Rev. George. 1. The Bible, the Missal,
and the Breviary, Edin., 1853, 2 vols. 8vo.
"A fine contribution to the present warfare against Roman
ascendency.”—Lon. Evangel. Mag.
2. The Doctrines of the Bible developed in the Facts of
the Bible, 1855, cr. 8vo. Other works.
Lewis, Sir George Cornewall, Bart., M.P., a
son of the late Rt. Hon. Sir Thomas Frankland Lewis, was
b. in Oct. 1806, graduated at Christ Church, Oxford, with
distinguished honours, in 1828; was called to the bar at
the Middle Temple in 1831, and, after filling several im-
Portant political posts, was made Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer in 1855. On assuming the duties of this respon-
sible position he resigned into the hands of Mr. Henry
Reeve, of the Privy Council, the editorship of the Edin-
burgh Review, in which he had succeeded Professor
Empson in the early part of 1854. In 1844 Sir George
was married to the widow of Thomas Henry Lister, Esq.,
a sister of the Earl of Clarendon, and a descendant of the
great Lord-Chancellor. Lady Lewis is not unknown in
VILLIERS.
the Republic of Letters: see LEWIS, LADY MARIA THERESA
Sir George Cornwall Lewis has given to the world the
following publications: 1. Augustus Boeckh's Public
Economy of Athens, &c.; trans. from the German, Lon.,
1828, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1842, 8vo.
ledge of modern science borne any proportion to his knowledge of
"A work of great research and value. Had the author's know
antiquity, the book would have been all that could have been do
sired."-McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 1845, 356.
See LAMB, ANTHONY.
2. K. O. Müller's Account of the Doric Race; trans.
from the German, in conjunction with the Rt. Hon. Henry
LEW
LEW
Tufnel, M.P., Lon., 1830, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1839, 2 vols.
8vo. This trans. was revised, corrected, and enlarged by
Müller himself before it went to the press.
"There is hardly a publication in existence which throws so
much light on the dim' regions of fable and mythology, and on
the annals of early Greece."-Lon. Lit. Gaz.
"We close the volumes in admiration of the author's unwearied
industry and great knowledge."-Lon. Month. Mag.
|
"Otfried Müller,-un des écrivains les plus savans et les plus
ingénieux de l'Allemagne."-BENJAMIN CONSTANT: de la Religion.
No student of Grecian history can safely neglect this
work; and he must add to it Leitch's trans. of the same
author's Mythology, and Ancient Art and its Remains,
(see LEITCH, Jonx,) and No. 9, infra.
3. On the Origin and Formation of the Romance Lan-
gunges, 1835, Svo; 2d ed., Svo. 4. On the Use and Abuse
of Political Terms, 8vo. 5. On Local Disturbances and
the Irish Church Question, 1836, Svo. 6. On the Govern-
ment of Dependencies, 1841, Svo.
"A learned and valuable work on a subject which, though of the
greatest interest, has been strangely neglected in this country.”.
McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 1845, 95.
"A masterpiece of lucid arrangement, of logical statements, and
of vigorous reasoning.”—Lon. Ezaminer.
7. On the Influence of Authority in Matters of Opinion,
1849, 8vo. 8. On the Methods of Observation and Rea-
See Lon. Athenæum,
soning in Politics, 1852, 2 vols. 8vo.
1852, 839-841. 9. K. O. Müller's Hist. of the Literature
of Ancient Greece, from the author's MSS.: the first half
of the trans. by Sir G. C. L., the remainder of the trans.
and the Completion of the Work, according to the Author's
Plan, by J. W. Donaldson, D.D., 1857, 2 vols. 8vo: 1 vol.
was pub. previously. The 2d vol., containing the new
portion of the work, is sold separately. It will be remem-
bered that Karl Müller, late Prof. in the Univ. of Gottin-
gen, died in 1840, whilst pursuing his researches in Greece.
Leaving this work incomplete. Dr. Donaldson has earned
the gratitude of students by finishing this excellent
Manual of Greek Literary History. 10. An Enquiry into
the Credibility of the Early Roman History, 1855, 2 vols.
8vo.
"It exhibits a complete and intelligent mastery of the original
authorities,-a full knowledge of what has been done by former
critics, with an equitable spirit of appreciation towards them.-
and a familiarity with historical research. modern as well as an-
cient.... The book is not, and does not profess to be, a history
of Rome; but we are mistaken if it does not tend to influence
materially the composition of future Roman histories. . . . No
man interested either in ancient history or in the general theory
of historical study can read his book without profit."-Elin. Rev..
July, 1856, q. v.
"He does not merely object to the particular conclusions of
Niebuhr, but boldly strikes at the root of his system, and assails
not only the results of his investigations but the method by which
he has arrived at them. He not only rejects Niebuhr s views as
untenable, but maintains that it is impossible they should be
otherwise. He not only discards as illusory the specious fabric
reared by the Prussian historian, but affirms that any one which
may be substituted in its place must be equally shadowy and un-
substantial. His views, like those of Beaufort, are simply nega
tive, and his conclusions as to the early history of Rome may be
summed up in the single line:-
"All that we know is nothing can be known.'
We do not believe that the future historian of Rome will
acquiesce in his sweeping skepticism; but he will undoubtedly be
indebted to him for the most ample and complete examination of
his materials; and will derive from his elaborate essay that ad-
vantage which must always proceed from every fresh examination
of an obscure subject by an independent and original thinker."-
Lam. Quar. Rer., April, 1856.
Lewis, George William. Serms., Lon., 1836-39,
2 vols. Svo.
Lewis, Hannah Jane, b. 1816, in Boston, Mass.,
has edited Language of Gems and Sibylline Leaves, and
has contributed a number of articles to the Knickerbocker,
The Universalist Quarterly, The Lady's Book, The Chris-
tian Register, The New York Tribune, &c., and to several
of the annuals.
Lewis, John, 1675-1746, a native of Bristol, Eng.
land, educated at Exeter College, Oxford, Rector of Acrise,
Kent, 1697; minister of Margate, 1705; Vicar of Mynstre,
1708. He was the author of a number of publications on
baptism, the liturgy and catechism of the Church of Eng-
Among
land, &c., several biographical and other works.
these are-1. Life of John Wickliffe, D.D., Lon., 1720, '23,
8vo; new ed., Oxf., 1820, 8vo. Some on large paper.
“A more complete biography of this luminary of the Reforma-
tion would well employ the time of some talented pen, and would
confer an acceptable service to the cause of the Protestant Church
of England."-Goodhugh's E. G. Lib. Man., 88.
See Dibdin's Lib. Comp., 1825, 529. 2. Hist. and An-
tiquities. Eccles. and Civil, of the Isle of Thanet, in Kent,
1723, 36, 4to. Some on large paper, r. 4to. 3. Hist. and
Antiq. of the Abbey Church of Feversham, &c., 1727, 4to.
Some on large paper. 4. Wickliffe's trans. of the N.
Testament; to which is prefixed a Hist. of the Translators
of the Bible into English, both MS. and in Print; also
the most remarkable editions, &c., 1731, fol. The Hist.
of the Translations, &c. was repub. by itself in 1739, Svo;
again, with some unimportant addits. from Newcome, and
Dr. Water-
a continuation by another hand, 1818, 8vo.
land assisted in the preparation of this work.
--
It is a dull but important book, as it affords a chronological
view of the progress of the word of God in our native country,
with biographical notices of many of the translators."—Orm:"3
Bill. Bil.
"A work of useful and accurate information."-Bickersteth's C. S.
"The work of Lewis stands in direful need of revision and en-
largement."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp., 33.
But see COTTON, HENRY, LL.D.; JOHNSON, REV. AN-
THONY; and consult Lowndes's Brit. Lib., pp. 1-93;
Horne's Bibl. Bib., 185-193. 5. Life of Mayster Wyllyam
Caxton, 1737, r. Svo: one hundred and fifty copies printed.
The principal part of this volume (the first Life of Caxton)
is inserted by Dr. Dibdin in his Typ. Antiq. of G. Britain,
vol. i. 60, et seq.
|
While I heartily accede to the utility of the work, and acknow-
ledge my obligations to the author, I cannot but regret the want
of a lucid order and of an agreeable style which it manifestly be
trays. Lewis's biography of Caxton is among the dullest of all
biographical memoirs.”—DIBDIN: Typ. Antiq., i. Ix., note.
6. Antiq. and Use of Seals in England, 1704, 4to. 7.
Life of Reynold Pecocke, Bishop of St. Asaph and Chi-
chester, 1744, Svo: two hundred and fifty copies printed;
some on large paper. New ed., Oxf., 1820, Svo.
S. Life
of John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester: see FISHER, JOHN.
“Ungrateful should I be to omit the mention of the biographical
labours of the Rev. John Lewis, whose Lives of Wicliffe, Caxton,
and Bishop Pecock are much cherished in the libraries of the
curious. They are compositions of great care, apparent fidelity,
and some utility; but. during their perusal, one is conscious of a
feeling somewhat similar to that from a view of a dull. dead, level
country, where the soil and produce are equally good, but where
there is no variety, and where wearisomeness as naturally follows."
-Di din's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 529, q. v.
When the above was written, Lewis's Life of Fisher had
not been printed. See Masters's Hist. of C. C. C. C.; Biog.
Brit.; Dibdin's Typ.Antiq., and his Bibliomania; Nichols's
Lit. Anec. Restituta, pp. 69, 73; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. i.
359, xvii. 41, 47.
Lewis, J. O. The North American Aboriginal Port-
folio, Lon., 1838, No. 1. See Lon. Athenæum, 1838, 265.
Lewis, James H. Stenography, Lon.. 1816, Svo.
Lewis, Jenkin. Memoirs of Prince William Henry,
1689–97, and to 1700, Lon., 1789, Svo.
"A valuable work, to which all succeeding writers on the history
of the English versions of the Scriptures are indebted."—Horne's
Bibl. Bib.
"Vir sobrius, et bonus prædicator."-ARCHBISHOP WAKE.
Lewis, John. Hist. of G. Britain, Lon.. 1729, fol.
“A book of which the possession shall not cause the purchaser
to repent his bargain."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 242.
Lewis, L. Lord Walford; a Nov., 1789, 2 vols. 12mo.
Lewis, M. Books on Grammar, taxes, trade, lands,
a bank, &c., Lon., 1675-78, &c.
Lewis, Matthew Gregory, M.P., 1775–1818, a sor
of the Deputy Secretary-at-War, and the grandson of Sis
Thomas Sewell, Master of the Rolls, after studying at
Christ Church, Oxford, resided for some time in Germany,
where he "supped full" of those tales of supernatural
horrors which he afterwards reproduced in a new shape
in his dramas and romances. In early life he was de-
pendent upon an income allowed by his father, which
young Lewis shared with his mother, for his parents
lived separately; but by the death of the former, in
1813, he came into possession of large estates in Jamaica,
where ho resided in 1815 and '17. To this circumstance
we owe the work which (next to his Correspondence) does
him the most credit,-The Journal of a West Indian Pro-
prietor. He commenced authorship at a very early age,
as the date of the first work in the annexed list testifies.
1. The East Indian; a Comedy written when the author
was but sixteen. 2. The Monk; a Romance, Lon., 1795,
Lewis, Jeremiah. Serm., Lon., 1619, 4to.
3 vols. 12mo. Often reprinted.
Often reprinted. This immoral produc-
Lewis, John. Serm., Lon., 1620, Svo.
tion, founded on the story of Santon Barissa, in Tho
Lewis, John. Religion in Wales, &c., Lon., 1656, 4to. | Guardian, was in danger of prosecution by the Govern
Lewis, Hardwicke. Excursion to Margate in
1786, with Anecdotes, Lon., 1787, 12mo.
|
Lewis, Henry, D.D. Three Serms., 1710-14, &c.
Lewis, J. F. 1. Sketches of Constantinople, £4 48.;
col'd, £10 108. 2. Sketches and Drawings of the Al-
hambra. A splendid work. See IRVING, WASHINGTON,
See IRVING, WASHINGTON,
No. 9.
1091
LEW
LEW
;
ment on account of its revolting licentiousness. Of course
it sprang at once into great popularity, or, rather, was sold
with great rapidity. To avert prosecution, Lewis pledged
himself to recall the printed copies and to omit the ob-
jectionable passages in a future edition. To procure one
of the early impressions, therefore, is now difficult, and it
is to be regretted that it is not (as Dr. Johnson wished
respecting the complicated piece of music which tortured
his nerves) quite impossible. It is a melancholy fact that
some eminent characters of the day encouraged the shame-
less offender in his violations of decency, literary as well
us moral purity, and good taste:
¦
**
Charles Fox paid the unusual compliment of crossing the
House of Commons that he might congratulate the young author,
whose work obtained high praise from many other able men of
that able time."-SIR WALTER SCOTT.
The "Mothers of England" displayed more good
•
sense:
His Monk, that strange and extramundane production, made
the readersup so full of horrors' that mothers were obliged to j
lock it up from their sickly and sentimental daughters,-more espe-
cially as its morale was not of the choicest."-Moir's Sketches of
the Puet. Lit. of the Pust Half-Century.
Allan Cunningham, after noticing Mrs. Radcliffe as
"the leader of those who superseded the true supernatural
by means of the false supernatural, and wrought her won-
ders by aid of mystical machinery," &c., continues:
"The Monk by Lewis is of the same race of wild creations. All is
forced and exaggerated; men and women are exhibited under a
light which both distorts and discolours; human nature has not
fair play for a moment: yet there is great force.—not of passion,
but of posture, and great vigour of colouring,-not of nature, but
of artifice. This melo-dramatic sort of representation of life,
startled for a time, but could not last: when truth and true passion
took the field, the fictions of Lewis were of the same avail as the
false rods of the prophets in the presence of the true rod of Moses.”
-Biog, and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the Lost Fifty Years.
Sir Walter Scott styles the Monk "no ordinary exertion
of genius." It is to be regretted that genius should be so
perverted. Undoubtedly a strong attraction of the book
was the poetry scattered through its pages:
"In spite of the objections we have stated, [indelicacy, super-
natural machinery, and plagiarism,] The Monk was so highly
popular that it seemed to create an epoch in our literature. But
the public were chiefly captivated by the poetry with which Mr.
Lewis had interspersed his prose narrative."-Scott's Essay on Imi-
tations of the Ancient Ballad, in his Poetical Works, Abbotsford ed.,
Edin., 1850, 562, et seq.
Lewis was a poet of no mean calibre. The ballads and little
pieces scattered throughout his novel of the Monk were, in their
day, the most popular things known. They were chanted in the
street and in the drawing-room; while the subject of the most
terrific, (Alonzo and Imogene,) and many episodes in the novel,
were represented on the stage."—Dibdin's Lib. Cımp., ed. 1825,
748.
"After Mrs. Radcliffe, Monk Lewis was the greatest master of
the art of freezing the blood. The robber-scene in the Monk is
only interior to that in Count Nathom and perfectly new in the
circumstances and cast of the characters. Some of his descriptions
are chargeable with unpardonable grossness; but the pieces of
poetry interspersed in this far-famed novel, such as the flight of
Roncesvalles and the Exile, in particular, have a romantic and de-
lightful harmony, such as might be chaunted by the moonlight
pilgrim, or might lull the dreaming mariner on summer seas.'
Hazlitt's Lects. on the English Novelists, Lect. VI.
59
We shall have something more to say respecting Lewis
as a poet before we have concluded this article. We may
dismiss the Monk with the remark that Southey con-
sidered it no slight condemnation when he recorded his
verdict against Cumberland's novels as
"More profligate in their tendency than Matthew Lewis's un-
happy book."-Letter to G. C. Bedford, June 12, 1803: Southey's
Life and Corresp.
3. Village Virtues; a Drama, 1796, 4to. 4. Minister; a
Tragedy, trans. from Schiller, 1797, Svo. 5. The Castle
Spectre; a Drama, 1798, 8vo. Acted in 1797 for sixty
nights.
When Lewis took a leap from the closet to the stage, his power
was equally felt. I yet remember, when a boy, trembling in the
very theatre at the scene in The Castle Spectre which brings the
murdered maiden on the stage; and. if productions are to be judged
by their effect, that drama, like The Robbers of Schiller, has left
on facile imaginations traces never to be obliterated."-MOIR: ubi
supro, p. 19.
Quintana's tragedy of The Duke of Viseo, printed in
1801, was imitated from Lewis's Castle Spectre: see Tick-
nor's Hist. of Spanish Lit., 2d ed., N. York, 1854, iii. 309.
6. Rolla; a Tragedy, 1799, Svo. 7. Tales of Terror,
Kelso, 1799, 4to; Lon., 1801, Svo. See No. 12. 8. The
Love of Gain; a Poem imitated from the 13th Satire
of Juvenal, 1799, 4to. 9. The East Indian; a Comedy,
1800, 8vo.
10. Adelmorn, or The Outlaw; a Romantic
Drama, 1800, 8vo. 11. Alphonso, King of Castile; a
Tragedy, 1801, 8vo.
"There is some good poetry scattered up and down the play.
. . . The ill-success whibas justly experienced is owing, we
have no doubt, to the want of nature in the characters and of pro-
bability and good arrangement in the incidents, objections of some
Works, i.
force."-REV. SYDNEY SMITH: Edin. Rev., i. 314–317 ·
31-35.
12. Tales of Wonder, Lon., 1801, 2 vols. Svo. To this
collection Walter Scott contributed the first-fruits of his
poetical genius,-William and Ellen, the Eve of St. John,
Glenfinlas, The Fire King, &c. See Lockhart's Life of
Scott, Abbotsford ed., Edin., 1850, 80, 81, 83-84, 94, and
Scott's Poetical works, same ed., 570-571.
"He [Scott] subsequently adventured in Monk Lewis's crazy
bark. Tales of Wonder, which soon went to pieces, leaving, how-
ever, among its surviving fragments the scattered contributions of
Scott."-WILLIAM H. PRESCOTT, the historian: N. Amer. Rev.,
April, 1838; and in his Miscellanies, Bost., 1855, 188–189, q. v.
16
Amidst the general depreciation of the Tales of Wonder," re-
marks Scott, my small share of the obnoxious publication was
dismissed without censure, and in some cases obtained praise from
the critics."-Essay on Imitations of the Ancient Ballad: Scott's
Port. Works, Abbotsford ed., Edin., 1850, 507.
See Lockhart's Life of Scott, same ed., 94.
"An extraordinary, but highly poetical, miscellany.”—Dibdin's
Lib. Comp., 748.
"The Tales of Wonder and the Tales of Terror succeeded; [The
Castle Spectre,] some of them stories of amazing vigour,-wild,
extravagant, unnatural, but withal highly readable, nay, occa
sionally of enchanting interest."-MOIR: ubi supra, 19.
The copartnership of Lewis and Scott in these marvellous
tales presented too fair a mark to the author of English
Bards and Scotch Reviewers to be passed over in silence.
"Oh, wonder-working Lewis, Monk, or Bard,
Who fain wouldst make Parnassus a churchyard!
*
*
*
All hail, M. P.! from whose infernal brain
Thin-sheeted phantoms glide, a grisly train;
At whose command grim women' throng in crowds,
And kings of fire, of water, and of clouds,
With small gray men,' 'wild yagers,' and what not,
To crown with honour thee, and Walter Scott."
13. The Bravo of Venice; a Romance, trans. from the
German, 1804, Svo. Reprinted. 14. Rugantino; a Melo-
drama, 1805, Svo; 2d ed., 1806, Svo. 15. Adelgitha; a
Tragedy, 1806, Svo. 16. Feudal Tyrants; a Romance,
trans. from the German, 1806, 4 vols. 12mo. 17. Ro-
mantic Tales, 1808, 4 vols. 12mo; recent eds., 1839, fp.
Svo; 1850, 12mo. 18. Veroni; a Drama, 1809, Svo. 19.
Monody on the Death of Sir John Moore, 1809, 4to.
20.
One o'clock; a Mus. Romance, 1811, Svo. 21. Timour
the Tartar; a Melo-Drama, 1812, Svo. 22. Poems, 1812,
12mo. 23. Rich and Poor; a Comic Opera, 1812. In
1803, Mr. Lewis's Monodrama of The Captive was brought
out on the stage, and Mrs. Litchfield played the principal
character; but it was too horrible to be tolerated for more
than one night.
than one night. Henry Russell's song of The Maniac is
only a very slight alteration of Lewis's Captive: see Irish
Quarterly Review, iii. 665-672, for an account of this
play and a notice of other works of the author. Lewis
died on his return from a visit to his Jamaica plantations,
May 14, 1818. After his death appeared-24. The Journal
of a West India Proprietor, kept during a Residence in
the Island of Jamaica, 1834, Svo; 1844, sq. 12mo, (Pt.
16 of Murray's Home and Colonial Library.)
•
܀
•
"Lewis's Jamaica Journal is delightful. It is almost the only
unaffected Book of Travels I have read of late years. You havo
the man himself. It is by far his best work, and will live to be
popular."-Coleridge's Table-Talk.
"This Journal stands high, among works of a similar kind, for
grace, lightness. pleasantry, descriptive power, felicity of expres
sion. and conversational fluency and freedom.”—Edin. Rev.
"The graphic power displayed. whether in sketching scenery,
manuers, or incidents, appears to us not only high but first rate.-
such as entitles the West India Proprietor to be ranked with
Washington Irving in such pieces as the Visit to Palos,-with Wm.
Matthews in the very best pages of the Diary of an Invalid,-nay,
we hardly hesitate to say with Miss Edgeworth in the brightest
pages of Castle Rackrent, or Lord Byron himself.”—Lon. Quar.
Rev.
Journal.
"Racy and amusing sketches of negro life."-Edin. Weekly
"Depicting, in familiar and graphic terms. West India lifo
when slavery was in its high day.”—Nottingham Journal.
"We should have made our extracts convey some useful informa-
tion, but for the accidental circumstance that there is none in the
book:"Lon. Athen., 1834, 158.
25. Lewis's Life and Correspondence; with many Pieces
in Prose and Verse never before published, 1839, 2 vols.
8vo.
"Crammed full of anecdote as these volumes are, theatrical,
political, and literary, there is not a dull page throughout.”.
Court Journal.
M
One of the best descriptions we have met with of Lewis's
literary peculiarities, both in poetry and prose, occurs in
Moir's Sketches of the Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-Century.
We have no space for further quotations; but, as we have
promised to say something more of Lewis as a poet, a few
lines must not be denied:
"Lewis was a man rather of enthusiastic temperament than of
109
LEW
LEW
high and sustained imagination. He could not face the sunlight
and the clear blue sky; he required clouds and tempest. a howling
wind, and a troubled sea. He was what the vulture is to the eagle,
what the leopard is to the lion, what the scene-painter is to the
artist. His plays are what melodramas are to tragedy; and the
terrors of his poetry trench as much on the burlesque as on the
sublime. He had an exquisite car for versification. as demon-
strated in his Durandarte, and Alonzo the Brave,-of which latter
The Fire King of Smith, in The Rejected Addresses, was a legiti
mate and scarcely extravagant burlesque."-Ubi supra, 19, 20.
•
On Lewis's pieces just noticed who can reflect without
pleasure when he remembers what he owes to them?
“Lewis, whatever Scott might, on maturer consideration, think
of his title to such fame, [that of a poet.] had certainly done him
no small service; for the ballads of Alonzo the Brave, and the
Fr Imogene, and Durandarte, had rekindled effectually in his
breast the spark of poetical ambition."-Lockhart's Life of Scott,
Abbotsford ed., Edin., 1850, p. 81.
And see in this connection Scott's Poetical Works, Ab-
botsford ed., 570–571.
Southey appears to think that the influence of Lewis's
poetry on Scott's youthful muse was not at all of a happy
character:
"In all these modern ballads there is a modernism of thought
and language-turns to me very perceptible. and very unpleasant,
the more so for its mixture with antique words.-polished steel and
rusty iron! This is the case in all Scott's ballads.... Matthew
G. Lewis, M.P., sins more grievously in this way: he is not enough
versed in old English to avoid it. Scott and Leyden are, and
ought to have written more purely."-Letter to C. W. W. Wynn,
June 9, 1803: Southey's Life and Corresp.
It is a satisfaction to be assured that Lewis was a much
better man than the character of his early writings would
lead one to infer:
"Lewis," writes Lord Byron, "was a good man, a clever man,
but a bore. My only revenge or consolation used to be setting him
by the cars with some vivacious person who hated bores especially,-
Madame de Stael or Hobhouse, for example. But I liked Lewis:
he was the jewel of a man, had he been better set,—I don't mean
personally,-but less tiresome, for he was tedious as well as con-
tradictory to every thing and everybody. Poor fellow! he died a
martyr to his new riches,-of a second visit to Jamaica:
That is,
'I'd give the lands of Deloraine
Dark Musgrave were alive again!'
'I would give many a sugarcane,
Mat. Lewis were alive again!"
"I would pay my share!" adds Scott. "How few friends one
has whose faults are only ridiculous! Ilis visit was one of hu-
manity, to ameliorate the condition of his slaves. He did much
good by stealth, and was a most generous creature.”
Much interesting information respecting Lewis will be
found in Scott's Essay on Imitations of the Ancient Bal-
lad, in his Poetical Works, Abbotsford ed., Edin., 1850,
562-567, 569.
Lewis, Merer. On the Teeth, Lon., 1772, Svo.
Lewis, Captain Meriwether, 1774-1809, a
tive of Virginia, private Secretary to President Jefferson,
1801-03; Governor of Louisiana, 1806; was associated
with Captain William Clarke in the command of the ex-
ploring-party, directed by Government, across the con-
tinent to the Pacific Ocean. They left St. Louis, May,
1804, had ascended the Missouri 3843 miles by July,
1805, reached the Pacific Ocean at the mouth of the
lumbia in November following, and returned to St. Louis
in November, 1806, having travelled about 8000 miles.
The account of their travels was first made known to the
world by Jefferson's Message to Congress, read Feb. 19,
1806; pub., N. York, 1806, Svo, pp. 128; repub., Lon..
1809, Svo, pp. 309. Another account was pub. by Patrick
Gass, (see p. 654 of this Dictionary,) and a complete
account-prepared from the MSS. by Nicholas Biddle,
but pub. under the name of Paul Allen, who only con-
ducted the publication through the press-appeared in
1814, Phila., 2 vols. Svo, with a Memoir of Lewis by
President Jefferson. This was repub. in Lon., 1814, 4to;
again, 1815, 3 vols. 8vo; 1817, 3 vols. Svo.
lish ed. was reviewed by Robert Southey in the London
The 1st Eng-
Quarterly Review, xii. 317–368. Other notices of this
expedition will be found in the Edin. Rev., xxiv. 412, (by
Dr. Gordon ;) South. Quar. Rev., viii. 191; Analec. Mag.,
v. 127, 210; Method. Quar. Rev., ii. 556. Nor must the
reader fail to procure the last Amer. ed., with valuable
addits., of Lewis and Clarke's Travels, by Archibald
McVickar, N. York, 1843, 2 vols. 18mo. President Jef-
ferson gives Lewis a high character:
"Of courage undaunted, possessing a firmness and perseverance
of purpose which nothing but impossibilities could divert from its
direction; intimate with the Indian character, customs, and prin-
ciples; guarded, by exact observation of the vegetables and ani-
nals of his own country, against losing time in the description of
objects already possessed," &c.
na-
was supposed, of the protest of some bills drawn by him
on public account. At the time of this sad occurrence
he was on his way to Washington, with a view to the
settlement of his affairs with the Government. The col-
lector of books on America must not neglect to add Lewis
and Clarke's Travels to his library:
Lewis's end was a melancholy one: he committed sui-
eide near Nashville, Oct. 11, 1809, in consequence, as,
"This is an interesting work, and exhibits not only some valu
able geographical notices, but very copious and amusing details
respecting the manners, habits, and divisions of the Indian North
| American tribes.”—Lon. Critical Revias.
Lewis, P. Prose and Verse, Lon., 1774, 4to.
Lewis, Percival. Forest Laws, &c., Lon., 1811, 4to.
Lewis, Polydore, M.D. Common Water, 1790, 8vo.
Lewis, Rev. Richard. On Mineral Waters, on
Aurora Borealis, &c.; Phil. Trans., 1728–29.
Lewis, Rev. Richard. Excellency of the Chrie.
tian System demonstrated; 2d ed., Lon., 1754, 8vo.
Lewis, Robert. Adventures of a Rake, 1759.
Lewis, Rundle. Causes of Unhappy Marriages,
Law of Marriage and Divorce, &c., Lon., 1805, 8vo.
Lewis, Samuel.
England, Lon., 1831-33, 4 vols. 4to, £S 88.; r. 4to, £10
1. Topographical Dictionary of
2. Of Wales, 1833, 2 vols. 4to, £4 4x.; r. 4to, £5 58.
3. Of Ireland, 1837, 2 vols. 4to. £4 48.; r. 4to, £5 58. 4.
Of Scotland, 1846, 2 vols. 4to, £4 48.; r. 4to, £5 58. See
5. View of the
Representative Hist. of England, with 116 engraved
Dublin University Mag., xii. 226–232.
10x.
Plans, 1835.
Lewis, Samuel, Jr. 1. Hist. and Topog. of Isling-
ton, Lon., 1843, 4to, £2 28. 2. Book of English Rivers:
Account of the Rivers of England and Wales, 1855, fp. Svo.
Lewis, Seth. Strictures on Dr. Livingston's Sys-
tem of Penal Laws prepared for the State of Louisiana,
N. Orleans, 1825, pp. 67.
Lewis, T. Serm., 1793, Svo.
Lewis, T. C. Outlines from the Ancients, with De-
scrip. by G. Cumberland, 1808, imp. Svo.
Lewis, Tayler, LL.D., b. 1802, in Northumberland,
New York, graduated in 1820 at Union College, Sche-
nectady; after practising law for some years, in 1833
opened a classical school; in 1838 was appointed Pro-
fessor of Greek in the University of the City of New
York; and in 1849 was called to the same post (which he
now occupies) in Union College. 1. The Nature and
Ground of Punishment, 1844, 12mo. 2. Plato contra
Atheos; or, The Tenth Book of the Dialogue on Laws,
with Critical Notes, &c., N. York, 1845, 12mo. Used as a
text-book in Harvard University.
"Professor Lewis has in this work provided a rich feast both for
the student and the Christien."-N. York Evangelist.
Also highly commended in other quarters.
mology, &c., Schenectady, 1855, 12mo, pp. 410.
3. The Six Days of Creation; or, The Scriptural Cos-
"The work of Mr. Lewis is well worthy of attention. Previous
erudite authorship had already placed him forward as among ad-
mitted leading scholars of the day, and his reputation as an ac-
complished philologist and learned critic will not be abated by
Professor Lewis's book, as a work of art, justly liable to criticism."
this production. In some minor points of execution we think
Co-Prot. Epis. Quar. Rev., Jan. 1856, 4to.
cisms of Prof. Dana and others of The Six Days of Crea-
4. Science and the Bible; being a Reply to the Criti-
tion, 1857, 12mo.
A Translation of Plato's Theaetetus, with notes, &c.,
In addition to the above works, Dr. Lewis has prepared
under the title of The Editor's Table, for three years,
wrote the articles in Harper's New Monthly Magazine,
(with one or two exceptions,) and has contributed many
Cyc. of Amer. Lit.. ii. 196, n.
articles to the reviews, for a list of which see Duyckinck's
Rev., 2d ser., iv. 352.
See also Brownson's Quar.
Lewis, Lady Maria Theresa Villiers, formerly
in 1844 to Sir George Cornewall Lewis, Bart., M.P., is a
the wife of the late Thomas Henry Leister, Esq., married
descendant of the great Earl of Clarendon and a sister
of the present earl.
priety that she has given to the world The Lives of the
It is therefore with peculiar pro-
Friends and Contemporaries of Lord-Chancellor Claren-
don, illustrated by Portraits in his Gallery, Lon., 1852, 3
vols. Sro.
"There is a fascination it is difficult to account for in such genea-
logical pursuits, when they are followed, as in these volumes, not
in the spirit of a herald, but of an historian."-Ein. Rev., xcvi.
176-194.
See also Lon. Athen., 1852, 136, 165. See LISTER,
THOMAS HENRY.
Lewis, Thomas, pub. several theolog. works, Lon.,
1717-28, of which the best-known are-1. The Scourge:
in Vindication of the Church of England, Lon., 1717,
1093
LEW
LEY
1210. 2. The Anatomy of the Hæretical Synod of Dis- | tor,) of July 18, 1851, after bearing testimony to Mr. Lowis's
senters at Salter's Hall, 1719, 20, Svo.
.6
One of the most singular of these productions was The Ana-
tomy at Salter's Hall, subjoined to an infamous high-flying book
called The Scourge."-Wilson's Dissenters.
3. Historical Essay upon the Consecration of Churches,
1719, Svo. A work of considerable interest, rarely to be
procured. 4. Origines Hebrææ; or, The Antiquities of the
Hebrew Republick, Lon., 1724-25, 4 vols. 8vo; Dubl.,
1725, 2 vols. 8vo; Oxf. Clar. Press, 1834, 3 vols. Svo.
This excellent work is to the student of divinity what
Kennett's and Potter's Manuals are to the classical tyro.
Lewis draws largely from Bertram, Sigonius, Cunæus,
Buxtorf, Outram, Lightfoot, Shickard, Menochius, Leus-
den, Hospinian, Reland, and others.
"A laborious compilation from the most distinguished writers,
whether Jews or Christians, on the manners and laws of the IIe-
brews."-BISHOP WATSON.
"It is by far the most complete work in our language on the
subject.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
Lewis, Thomas. Constitution, Jurisdiction, and
Practice of Sheriff's Ct. of London, Lon., 1833, Svo.
Lewis, Thomas, 1777-1852, of Union Chapel, pastor
of an Independent Congregation at Islington, England,
1804-52. 1. Christian Duties in the Various Relations
of Life, Lon., 1839, 12mo. Highly commended by the
Eclectic Review, Evangel. Mag., Congregational Mag.,
United Secession Mag., Revivalist, Patriot, and Scottish
Pilot. 2. Religious State of Islington for the Last Forty
Years, 1842, 18mo. 3. Christian Privileges, 1847, 12mo.
Lewis, William, M.D., d. 1781, of Kingston, Surrey,
pub. several medical works, &c., among which are-1.
The New Dispensatory, Lon., 1753, 8vo; Edin., 1781, '91,
8vo. 2. Experimental Hist. of the Materia Medica, Lon.,
1761, '68, 4to; 3d ed., (by J. Aiken.) 1784, 4to; 4th ed.,
(by J. A.,) 1791, 2 vols. 8vo. In German, Tigur., 1771,
4to. Among Lewis's other publications was Commercium
Philosophico-technicum; or, The Philosophical Commerce
of the Arts, Lon., 1736-66, 4to, 4 Pts. in 1 vol.
Lewis, William. Court-Fees, or The Mayor and
the Cobler; with other Poems, Lon., 1795, 8vo.
Lewis, William, is the author of a number of works
upon chess of these, the 7th ed. of The Chess-Board
Companion was pub. in 1850, 32mo, and the 4th ed. of
Chess for Beginners in 1854, 16mo. See Lowndes's
Bibl. Man., $22, 1129.
intimate acquaintance with the Russian tongue, remarks:
"When he left us for America, in taking leave of him, I said,
among other things, that he would forget us in his native land
"No! he exclaimed, with warmth; 'I shall never forget my Russian
friends: I shall always remember them with affection.' And he has
kept his word.”
After describing the volume of translations, Mr. Graitch
proceeds:
"It is a pleasant reflection that beyond the Atlantic Ocean, on
the shores of Lake Erie or of the river Mississippi, the produc-
tions of Russian writers are read, understood, and appreciated
according to their true value: it is still more agreeable to know
that there beats a noble heart, loving our good Russia, and return-
ing to her good for good."
Amen! say we may such truly honourable and kindly
feelings ever be cherished by all citizens of all nations!
And what can tend more effectually to promote, expand,
and strengthen them than the cosmopolitanism of lettors
and the fraternity of the press? He who brings mind
into contact with mind, and shows its thousand heaven-
born affinities, is your true philanthropist : the intelligent
translator is worth a hundred diplomatists, and the un-
prejudiced, candid, and generous conductor of the press
will gain more conquests for his country by his pen than
an army with banners" can achieve by the sword.
Lewis, William David. 1. Law of Perpetuity, Lon.,
1843, Svo; Supp., 1849. See 8 Jurist, Pt. 2, 20; Shars-
wood's Prof. Ethics, ed. 1854, 125. 2. Hora Judiciæ,
1845, Svo. 3. Liabilities rel. to Railways, &c., 1845,
12mo. 4. Lect. at Gray's Inn, Nov. 3, 1851, Svo, 1851.
<6
Lewis, William Henry, b. Dec. 22, 1803, at Litch-
field, Conn. 1. Sermons for the Christian Year; 3d ed.,
N. York, Svo. 2. Confession of Christ, 1852, 12mo; 2d
ed., 12mo. 3. The Early Called; 6th ed. 4. The Position
of the Church. Also author of various popular tracts.
Lewis, William Lillington. Thebaid of Statius,
trans. into English verse, Oxf., 1767, 2 vols. Svo.
"The best of the Latin poets after Virgil.”—Pore.
Lewkenor, John. Metellus his Dialogues, Lon.,
1693, Svo. See Bibl. Anglo-Poet., 939.
Lewkenor, Lewis. 1. The Resolved Gentleman;
from the Spanish, Lon., 1594, 4to. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
2. Commonwealth, &c. of Venice; from the Italian, 1599,
4to.
Lewkenor, Samuel. A Discourse, &c. of Forraine
Cities, Lon., 1600, 4to. See Wm. Strong's (Exeter) Cata-
logue of Divinity, 1830, Pt. 2, No. 357.
Le, Wright. The Soul, the Body, &c., Lon., 1707, 8vo.
Lewthwat, Richard. Vindiciae Christi, 1655.
Lexell, J. A. Astronom. papers in Phil. Trans.,
1770, '79.
|
Ley, Charles. Surveyor's Guide, Lon., 1787, 8vo.
Ley, Hugh, M.D. 1. The Laryngismus Stridulus,
Lon., 1836, Svo. 2. Puerperal Fever; Med. Trans., 1815.
Ley, Sir James, 1552?-1628, Chief-Justice K. B..
1621, Lord
1621, Lord High-Treasurer, 1625, afterwards Earl of
Marlborough, and President of the Council, compiled
Reports K. B.. C. P. Ex., and Court of Wards, 6 Jac.
I.-5 Car. I., 1608-1629, fol., 1659; (to which is added A
Treatise of Wards and Liveries, also pub. 1641, 12mo;
Lewis, William David, a resident of Philadelphia,
b. in Christiana, Delaware, 1792, visited Europe in 1814
as private Secretary to the Hon. Henry Clay, one of the
American commissioners appointed by the United States
to negotiate a treaty of peace with Great Britain. He
subsequently resided for ten years in Russia, engaged in
commercial pursuits, and, devoting his leisure to the ac-
quisition of the language of that country, he acquired a
facility in its use which he has since retained. In 1849
(32mo, pp. 72) he printed at Philadelphia, for circulation
among his friends, a few copies of The Bokchesarian
Fountain, by Alexander Pooshkeen, and other Poems by
various Authors; translated from the original Russian
by William D. Lewis. Dedicated to my Russian Friends.
This is the first collection of translations from the Rus-1642, 8vo:) and several antiquarian papers in Hearne's
sian ever made by an American. This little work was the Curious Discourses, 1771. See Athen. Oxon.; Lloyd's
fruit of Mr. Lewis's literary researches in Russia. Several State Worthies: Ware's Ireland, by Harris; Park's Wal-
of the minor pieces in this collection were pub. anony- pole's R. and N. Authors; Lord Campbell's Chief-Jus-
mously, many years since, in the (Phila.) National Gazette tices; Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 175–178.
when edited by Robert Walsh, and in the Atlantic Sou-
venir and other periodicals. Those who are so fortunate |
as to possess this little volume (which, we trust, will be
reprinted for general circulation) are advised to note par-
ticularly Lewis's translation of Derjavin's Ode to God,
and the note which prefaces it, pp. 66-72, and the stanzas
entitled Time, pp. 57-59. We shall be mistaken if the
latter do not remind him of Longfellow's admirable trans-
lation of Coplas de Manrique. It so happened that, some
time after the publication of these versions, Alexander
Nocwitch Cazalet, the Russian Counsellor of Manufactures,
was in America, and on his return to his native country
Mr. Lewis confided to him several copies of his volume of
translations for presentation at home. It may well be
supposed that the many attached friends in Russia, whose
genial hospitality had softened to the young traveller the
rigours of a Northern clime, hailed with no ordinary
pleasure this evidence that the pilgrim from a far country |
had not forgotten, in his restoration to the pleasures of
home, those who had cheered his exile in the land of
strangers. Among those who referred to this pleasing
souvenir with the most enthusiasm was Nicholas Graitch,
who, in an article in the Northern Bee, (of which he is edi-1722, 8vo.
Ley, John, 1583-1662, Preb. of Chester, pub. a num-
ber of serms., theolog. treatises, and controversial tractë,
Lon., 1634-58, and contributed the Commentaries on the
Pentateuch and the Four Evangelists to the Assembly's
Annotations of the Bible. See Athen. Oxon.
|
Ley, John, Curate of St. Aldate's, Oxford. 1. Public
Catechizing, Lon., 1840, Svo. 2. Lay Visitor to the Poor,
1842, 12mo. 3. Prayers for Penitents, 1845, fp. 8vo.
Ley, Roger. Serms., Lon., 1619, '22, both 4tc.
Ley, Ross. Serms., 1712. Svo; 1727, 4to.
Ley, Thomas. Serms., 1707, '21, 4to.
Ley, Wm. Theolog. treatises, 1648, '56, both to.
Leybourn, Thomas. Mathematical Repository,
Lon., 1797-1812, 6 vols. 12mo. Other mathematical
works.
Leyburn, George. Memoirs; being a Journal of
his Agency for King Charles in Ireland in 1647, Lʊn.,
Leybourn, Wm., d. 1690? was the author of Cursus
Mathematicus, Lon., 1690, fol., and several other mathe-
mat. works, and edited the works of Gunter. See GUNTER,
REV. EDMUND; Granger's Biog. Hist. of Eng.; Hutton's
Mathemat. Dict.
1031
LEY
LHU
embarrassed instead of exalting the simplicity of his descriptiore
But, when he is contented with a pure and natural tone of feeling
and expression, his poetical powers claim the admiration and sym
pathy of every reader.”—SIR Walter Scott: Prose Works, 382.
"The poeni now before us abounds with just and accurate do
scriptions of nature: it is full of variety and rich illustrations.
which could only have been furnished by a vigorous mind im-
cha-proved by extensive reading.”—Brit. Critic.
Leyburn, John, D.D., a Presbyterian divine, residing
in Philadelphia, was born in Lexington. Virginia, and
graduated at Princeton College, New Jersey. 1. The
Soldier of the Cross; a Prac. Expos. of Eph. xvi. 10-18,
N. York, 1851, 12mo; 2d ed. same year; Edin., 1853,
12mo.
"Like Wilberforce's Practical View, it has the combined
racteristics of the regular finished essay and the rhetorical heart-
searching appeal.”—Presbyterian of the West.
Leycester, George H. Theolog. treatises, 1795–99.
Leycester, John. 1. Enchiridion, Lon., 1623, 8vo.
In Latin and English. 2. Commonwealth, 1641, 4to. 3.
Ghost, 1641, 4to. 4. England's Preservation, 1646, fol.
5. Civil Warres of England, 1649, 8vo. Sykes's sale, £31
108.; Hollis's sale, £36 158.
Leycester, Sir Peter, 1612-1678, a native of Tabley.
Historical Antiquities, Lon., 1673, fol. This work pro-
duced a voluminous controversy between the author and
Sir Thomas Mainwaring, respecting the legitimacy of
Amicia, daughter of Hugh Cyveliock, Earl of Chester.
See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1130, and a tract of Mainwar-
ing's recently pub., for the first time, by W. B. Turnbull,
for the Chetham Society; 100 copies. In this will be
found a complete list of the many tracts pub. on this
vexata quæstio.
Leyden, John, M.D., 1775-1811, the son of a farmer
of Denholm, county of Roxburgh, Scotland, studied at
the University of Edinburgh, and in 1800 was ordained a
minister of the Church of Scotland. A short trial having
satisfied him that he had mistaken his calling, he applied
himself assiduously to the study of medicine, was made
assistant-surgeon in the East India Company's service in
1802; Professor of Hindustani in Fort William College,
1806; shortly afterwards appointed Judge of the Twenty-
four Pargunnahs of Calcutta; a Commissioner of the
Court of Requests in Calcutta, 1809; Assay-Master at the
Calcutta Mint, 1810. In 1811, Leyden accompanied Lord
Minto in the expedition against Japan, and died there, on
the 28th of August of the same year, of a fever con-
tracted whilst ransacking a library in an unwholesome
atmosphere. He was a man of astonishing erudition ac-
quired under discouraging circumstances, possessed a
remarkable facility in the acquisition of tongues, and had
made great progress in a knowledge of Eastern dialects.
For further particulars of his life, we must refer the reader
to the admirable biography by his attached friend, Sir
Walter Scott, first pub. in the Edinburgh Annual Register
for 1811, and subsequently incorporated in Scott's Prose
Works: our citations will be from the Abbotsford ed.,
Edin., 1850, 375-389. See also Scott's Poetical Works,
Abbotsford ed., 130, n., 355, 435, 483, 55S, 567, 571.
1. Historical and Philosophical Sketch of the Discoveries
and Settlements of the Europeans in Northern and West-
ern Africa at the close of the Eighteenth Century, Edin.,
1799, Svo. A new ed., including addit. MS. fragments
of Leyden's, and new matter by Hugh Murray, was pub.
by the latter in 1817, 2 vols. 8vo; again, 1818, 3 vols. 8vo.
Leyden's portion forms indeed a very small part of Mr.
Murray's publication.
"A useful, correct, and, in general, accurate and complete. com-
pilation, which satisfies the purpose and promise held out in the
title.”—Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
"A plain, sensible, well-arranged, and, as far as our reading and
recollection serve us, a faithful, abstract and connected view of the
progress of discovery in Africa from the earliest ages.”—Lon. Quar. |
Rev., xvii. 300.
And see MURRAY, HUGH.
2. The Complaynt of Scotland, 1801, Svo. Edited by
J. L.: 50 copies printed. See Observations on The Com-
playnt of Scotland, 1802, Svo. 3. Scottish Descriptive
Poems, with some illustrations of Scottish Literary Anti-
quities, Edin., 1803, 12mo. 4. Scenes of Infancy: descrip-
tive of Teviotdale, 1803, 12mo; Lon., 1804, 12mo.
"The Scenes of Infancy have many picturesque passages, and
record the traditions and delineate the landscapes of pleasant
Teviotdalo with equal feeling and truth: original nerve is wanting
where it cannot well be dispensed with, and the work may be ac-
cused of lulling us with sweet sounds more than elevating us with
bright, brief bursts of natural emotion."-Allan Cunningham's
Biog, and Crit. Hist. of the Lit, of the Last Fifty Years.
The Scenes of Infancy-his most laboured and ambitious poeti-
cal effort-possesses many fine passages, and is characteristic, and
quite worthy of his genius. Many of its descriptions and illustra-
tions linger in the memory of the reader, and must be original in
their tone, as they remind us of nothing else."-Moir's Sketches of
the Poet. Lit. of the Past Half-Century, 1851.
"His love of Scotland was delightful. It breathes through all his
writings and all his proceedings, and imparts to his poetry its most
attractive charm."-Lord Cockburn's Memorials of his Time, 1856.
"Indeed, as Leyden's reading was at all times somewhat osten-
tatiously displayed, so in his poetry he was sometimes a little too
ambitious in introducing scientific allusions or terms of art, which
"Dr. Leyden cultivated the Muses with a success which will
make many regret that poetry did not occupy a larger portion of
his time."-SIR JOHN MALCOLM.
5. His Poetical Remains: with Memoirs of his Life by
the Rev. John Morton, 1819, 8vo. Reviewed in Lon.
Month. Rev., xci. 61; Blackw. Mag., v. 3; see also i 277.
And consult the works of Allan Cunningham and Moir
referred to under No. 4. 6. Malay Annals; with Preface
Baber; trans. by Leyden and Wm. Erskine, &c., 1826, 4to.
by Sir T. Stamford Raffles, 1821, 8vo. 7. Memoirs of
Reviewed by Lord Jeffrey in Edin. Rev., June, 1827;
also in his Contrib. to the Edin. Rev., Lon., 1853, 340-
358. Leyden contributed The Elf-King to Lewis's Tales
of Wonder, (see Lewis, MATTHEW GREGORY, M.P.,)
The Mermaid and The Court of Keeldar to Scott's Min-
strelsy of the Scottish Border, (see SCOTT, Sir Walter,)
and several papers to the Asiatic Researches, and New
London Review, was editor of the Scots Magazine for
1802, and left many MS. treatises on the Eastern lan-
guages, grammars of the Malay, Prakirt, and other dia-
lects, and translations from the Sanscrit, Arabic, and
Persian tongues.
In addition to the authorities quoted
above, we may refer to Memorials of Leyden, in the New
Scots Magazine, Jan. 1829; Lord Minto's Speech at the
College of Fort William, soon after Leyden's death; and
Bombay Courier, and his poetical tribute to Leyden's
memory in the Edinburgh Annual Register, 1811. The
last stanza of the preceding runs as follows:
General Sir John Malcolm's letter to the editor of the
"Yes! he who struck a matchless lyre
The
Isles:
O'er Flodden's field and Katrine's wave
With trembling hand now leads the choir
That mourns his Leyden's early grave."
reference here is to Scott's lines in the Lord of the
"Searba's Isle, whose tortured shore
Still rings to Corrievrekin's roar,
And lonely Colonsay,-
Scenes sung by him who sings no more!
His bright and brief career is o'er,
And mute his tuneful strains:
Quench'd is his lamp of varied lore,
That loved the light of song to pour!
A distant and a deadly shore
Has LEYDEN'S cold remains !”
Canto IV. st. 2.
Scott's allusion is to Leyden's Mermaid, the scenery of
which is laid at Corrievrekin.
of the same writer's charming biography of the "early-
Nor must we omit to quote the impressive conclusion
lost, the long-deplored" friend of happier years and
brighter days.
ningham, "but with an expression of regard and a moist-
"I never heard Scott name Leyden," says Allan Cun-
ening eye." But to the promised extract. After quoting
Leyden's "affecting farewell to the graves of his ances-
tors" "in the solemn passage which concludes the Scenes
of Infancy," Scott continues:
"But the best epitaph is the story of a life engaged in the prac-
tice of virtue and the pursuit of honourable knowledge; the best
monument, the regret of the worthy and of the wise; and the rest
may be summed up in the sentiment of Sannazario:
"Haeccine te fessum tellus extrema manebat
Hospitii post tot terræque marisque labores ?
Pone tamen gemitus, necte monumenta parentum
Aut moveant sperata tuis tibi funera regnis:
Grata quies patriæ, sed et omnis terra sepulchrum."
"No man, whatever his condition might be, ever possessed a
mind so entirely exempt from every sordid passion, so negligent
of fortune and all its grovelling pursuits.-in a word, so entirely
disinterested.-nor ever owned a spirit more firmly and nobly in-
dependent."-LORD MINTO: ubi supra.
Level, Adam. A Body 49 Years in a Copper Mine
and charged into a horny substance; Phil. Trans., 1724.
Leygh, William. Serm.. Lon., 1806, 16mo.
Leyland, John. See LELAND.
L'hôte, Jean Baptiste, b. 1801.
Book of Revela-
tion explained by history, Phila., Svo, pp. 248. Also the
author of various pamphlets against the Church of Rome.
Lhuyd, Lhoyd, or Lhwyd, Edward, 1670 ?-1709,
an eminent antiquary, a native of Lhanvorde, Caermar-
thenshire, was educated at Jesus College, Oxford. 1.
Lithopylacii Britannici Iconographia, &c., Lon., 1699,
Svo: new ed. by Huddesford, 1760. 2. Archæologia Bri-
tannica, &c.: vol. i. containing Glossography, Oxf., 1707
1095
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fcl.
All pub. It contains-I. Comparative Etymology ;
II. Comparative Vocabulary of the Orig. Languages of
Brit. and Ireland; III. and IV. An Armoric Grammar
and Vocabulary by Julian Manoir; V. Welch Words
omitted in Dr. Davies's Dictionary; VI. Cornish Gram-
mar; VII. Antiquâ Britanniæ Lingua Scriptorum, quæ
non impressa sunt, Catalogus; VIII. A Brit. Etymolo-
gicon, or the Welsh collated with the Greek and Latin,
and some other European languages, by D. Parry; IX. A
Brief Introduction to the Irish or Antient Scottish Lan-
guage; X. Focloir; an Irish-English Dictionary. XI.
Catalogue of Irish MSS.
3. Adversaria de Fluviorum, Montium, Urbium, &c. in
Britannia Nominibus, pub. in Wm. Baxter's Glossarium
Antiquitatum Britannicarum, 1719, 8vo; 1733, 2 vols.
Svo see BAXTER, WILLIAM. 4. Letter to the Scots and
Irish; trans. by Rev. David Malcolme, Edin., 1739. This
gentleman proposed to publish, in 1732, Lhuyd's MS.
Scottish or Irish-English Dictionary; but we cannot learn
that it ever saw the light. In this age of philological
investigation, it should be looked up and published.
Lhuyd also contributed a number of antiquarian and
other papers to Phil. Trans., 1697-1713, and left many
valuable essays in MS. See Biog. Brit.; Gough's Topo-
graphy, vol. ii.; Owen's British Remains, 1778, 8vo;
Pulteney's Sketches of Botany; Lon. Gent. Mag., lxxvii.
41.9.
Lhuyd, Lhoyd, Lloyd, or Lhwyd, Humphrey,
d. about 1570, a native of Denbigh, educated at Oxford,
pub. some medical and antiquarian works, the best-known
of which is a trans. of Caradoc's Historie of Cambria.
This we have already described: see CARADOC or CARA-
DOG. For notices of Lhuyd and his works, see Athen.
Oxon.; Genl. Dict., Granger; Oldys's Brit. Lib.; Bar-
rington on the Statutes, p. 359; Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed.
1825, 383.
Liardet, Wilbraham. 1.The Hypochondriac; Poem,
Lon., 1805, 8vo. 2. Fifty of Esop's Fables rendered into
Verse, 1807, 12mo.
of South Carolina, now (1857) Prof. of History and Political
Science in Columbia College, New York, member of the
French Institute, (of the Academy of Morals and Politics,)
&c., was born in Berlin, March 18, 1800. When fifteen years
old, he joined the army against Napoleon, and was severely
wounded, by several balls, at Waterloo. When, in 1819,
the Liberals were persecuted all over Germany, he-then
a student of the University of Berlin-was imprisoned, and
the police published some of his poems, found among his
papers, in order to expose him to the public as a revolu-
tionist. He was, however, released, and went to the Uni-
versity of Jena to continue his studies. When the Greeks
called on Western Europe for assistance, he joined the
Philhellenes and went to Greece to fight against their
On his return, he went to Rome, where the
oppressors.
historian Niebuhr, then. Prussian ambassador, received
him kindly and made him an inmate in his family. Ile
wrote here, (in Niebuhr's house,) in German, his Journa?
in Greece, in 1822, (Leipsig, 1823,) which was translated
into other languages. With the king's promise of protec-
tion, he returned to Berlin, and went to the University of
Halle, but was again imprisoned. Niebuhr's influenco,
at length, released him. He published a small volume of
poems, made in prison, under the name of Franz Arnold,
and when he learned that a new arrest threatened him,
always for old affairs, he fled to England, where he sup-
ported himself for a twelvemonth by giving private les-
sons.
|
He contributed here to German periodicals, and
wrote a tract on the Lancasterian system of instruction,
In 1827 he went to the United States, and
in German.
soon commenced the Encyclopædia Americana, which was
finished in 13 vols. 8vo, Phila., 1828-32. This work was
edited and written in Boston. He published here a trans-
lation of a French work on the July revolution, and of
the Life of Caspar Hauser by President Feuerbach. This
work went through several editions.
Liby, M. Merlinus Democritus; or, The Merry-Con-
ceited Prognosticator, Lon., 1656, 4to.
Lichfield, Henry. First Set of Madrigals, Lon.,
1613; 1614.
Lichfield, Nicholas. 1. Trans. of Luis G. de la
Vega's De Re Militari, Lon., 1582, 4to. 2. Trans. of
Hernan Lopes's Discouerie and Conquest of the East
Indies, 1582, 4to.
Lichfield, Richard. The Trimming of Thomas
Nashe, &c., Lon., 1597, 4to.
Lickbarrow, Isabella. Poetical Effusions, 1814.
Lickorish, Rev. Richard, M.D. Serms., &c.,
1793-1809.
Liddel, Duncan, M.D., 1561-1613, Prof. of Mathe-
matics and Medicine in the University of Helmstadt, a
native of Aberdeen, pub. a number of medical works, for
an account of which see Prof. Stuart's Sketch of his Life,
Aberd., 1790, 4to.
Liddel, Robert. 1. Seaman's Vade-Mecum, Lon.,
1787, Svo; 5th ed., 1811, 8vo. 2. Duties of a Deputy
Judge-Advocate, 1806, fol.
Liddell, Henry George, Dean of Christ Church,
Oxford, late Head-Master of Westminster School. 1. With
R. Scott, Greek and English Lexicon, based on Passow;
2d ed., Lon., 1843, sm. 4to; 4th ed., 1855, 4to; Abridgt.,
1813, 12mo; 5th ed., 1856, sq. 12mo. An invaluable
manual; the best in the language: see DRISLER, HENRY.
2. Hist. of Rome, 1856, 2 vols. 8vo.
"A pre-eminently useful book."-Blackwood's Mag., March,
1856, q. v.
I
"By means of a skilfully-arranged structure, not only the dif-
ferent periods of the history, but their various subdivisions, are
presented as distinct parts, yet each having a relation to a larger
whole. The general treatment is also judicious."-Lon. Spectator.
3. School Hist. of Rome, 1856, p. 8vo.
"This excellent history of Rome, from the pen of one of the most
celebrated scholars of the day, will supersede every other work on
the subject as a school-book adapted to the young. The volume
conforms with the History of Greece, by Dr. Wm. Smith, in typo-
graphy, literary method, and illustration.”—John Bull.
Liddiard, Mrs. R. S. Anna, pub. some tales and
poems, 1811-16, &c.
Liddiard, Rev. Wm. Tour in Switzerland and
France, 8vo. Several poetical works.
Liddon, John. Seri., &c., 1792–1812.
Lidgate, John. See LYDGATE.
Lidgould, Charles. Serms., 1699, both 4to.
Lieber, Francis, LL.D., for more than twenty years
Prof. of Hist., Polit. Econ., and Philos. in the State College
From Boston he went to New York, where he translated
the work of Messrs. de Beaumont and de Tocqueville on
the Penitentiary System in the United States, with an In-
troduction and many notes, (Phila., 1833, 8vo,) which in
turn was translated in Germany. While in N. York he
received the honourable charge of writing a plan of edu-
cation and instruction for Girard College, which was pub-
lished by the Board of Trustees, Phila., 1834, Svo. Re-
viewed in The Heidelberg Annals, 1834, No. 24, &c. He
went to reside in Philadelphia, and published there Letters
to a Gentleman in Germany on a Trip to Niagara, (Phila.,
1834, Svo,) which was published in London under the title
of The Stranger in America, 1835, 2 vols. p. Svo. Reviewed
in the Lon. Quar. Rev., liii. 290. He also wrote here his Re-
miniscences of an Intercourse with Niebuhr the Historian,
(Phila., 1835, 12mo,) which was likewise published in
London, in 1835, and translated in Germany. Reviewed
in Lon. Quar. Rev., lv. 126; Lon. Athenæum, 1835, 797;
N. Amer. Rev., xliii. 120, (by Prof. C. C. Felton ;) South.
Lit. Mess., ii. 125, 535. In 1835 he accepted a call to a'.
chair in South Carolina College, at Columbia, and dis-
charged the duties of this post with eminent ability and
success until his resignation in 1856.
Here he wrote his Manual of Political Ethics, Bost.,
1838-39, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., 1847, 2 vols. 8vo; repub-
lished in London, 1839, Svo; an Essay on Penal Law
and Solitary Confinement at Labour, published by the
Philadelphia Prison Discipline Society, Phila., 1838, 8vo;
Legal and Political Hermeneutics; or, Principles of Inter-
pretation and Construction in Law and Politics, Bost., 2d
ed., 1839, 12mo; a Translation of Ramshorn's Latin
Synonymes, 1839, 12mo; Great Events described by Great
Historians, N. York, 1847, 12mo; Essays on Labour and
Property, 1842, 18mo; 1854, 18mo; On the Character
of the Gentleman, Charleston, S. C., 12mo; (reviewed in
Southern Presbyterian Review, June, 1847;) also essays
and papers On the Use of the Study of Latin and Greek
as elements of education; On the Study of History and
Polit. Economy as branches of a superior education; On
Laura Bridgman's Vocal Sounds, (in the Smithsonian
Transactions;) On the Abuse of the Pardoning Power,
(published as a document by the N. York Legislaturo;)
Remarks on Mrs. Fry's Views of Solitary Confinement,
(published in England ;) A Lettor on the Penitentiary Sys-
tem, (published by the Legislature of South Carolina;) A
Letter on Anglican and Gallican Liberty, (translated by
Mittermaier into German;) A Letter on International
Copyright, addressed to his friend, the Hon. Wm. C.
Preston, then Senator of U. S.; A Locture on the Origin
and Development of the First Constituents of Civilization.
The Phila. Prison Society also published his Letter on
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the Relation between Education and Crime and A Popular
Essay on Subjects of Penal Law. His last work is his
Civil Liberty and Self-Government, published in Phila-
delphia, 1853, 2 vols. 12mo; Lon., 1853, 8vo.
In 1844, the trustees of South Carolina College allowed
Lieber to make a trip to Europe, during which, he pub-
lisbed, in Germany, an essay on Extramural and Intra-
mural Executions, proposing measures which have since
been adopted, and Fragments on Subjects of Penology. In
1848 he revisited Europe, and during that visit published
two essays, one on the Independence of the Judiciary and
one on the Legislative System of Two Houses. An essay
on Postal Reforms was published previous to our first ten-
cent Reform.
The United States Senate printed in 1839 (?) an Ex-
posé of Lieber's on the Establishment of a Statistical
Bureau at Washington. In 1848, while he was in Europe,
a small volume, The West, and other Poems of his, was
published in N. York.
To quote Lieber's own language, he is
"An unhesitating advocate of the necessity as well as blessing
of the freest possible exchange, on grounds of philosophy, religion,
civilization, civil liberty, and the commonest utilitarian interests,
as well as the highest humanitarian ends."-Letter to the Author
of this Dictionary, New York, 1st July, 1856.
The three works by which Lieber is best known-and by
which he will continue to be known to the latest posterity
-are the Manual of Political Ethics, Legal and Political
Hermeneutics, and Civil Liberty and Self-Government.
I
On each of these great works we proceed to adduce
some opinions from eminent authorities,-regretting that,
from the narrow limits to which we are confined, our cita-
tions must necessarily be few in number and brief in extent.
1. MANUAL OF POLITICAL ETHICS. This work is used
as a text-book in Harvard University, and has been
quoted as authority in the New York Court of Appeals
and in the Supreme Court of Michigan. One of the most
eminent of American lawyers and orators remarked, many
years since, that he never considered himself fully pre-
pared on a great case until he had looked over this work,
and that he generally found in it something serviceable or
uggestive:
"It is excellent.—abounding in elevated morals, sound common
sense, statesmanlike views, and enlarged philosophy. The
work abounds with profound views of government, which are
illustrated with various learning."-JUDGE JOSEPH STORY: Life and
Letters, Bost.. 1851. ii. 278, 329.
"Dr. Francis Lieber, in his Manual of Political Ethics, 2 vols..
Boston, 1833, has shown with great force, and by the most striking
and apposite illustrations, the original connection between right
and morality, and the reason and necessity of the application of
the principles of ethics to the science of politics and the administra
tion of government. The work is excellent in its doctrines, and
is enriched with various and profound erudition."-CHANCELLOR
KENT: Commnt., ed. 1854, vol. i. p. 3.
Well worthy the perusal of those who take an interest in poli-
tical science. It is far from being a formal treatise, but is a most
admirable preparation for the gradual introduction of scienti ic
form.” — American editor's note, in the Boston ed. (1851) of ilu
Theory of Human Progression, p. 254.
“An admirable treatise. A profound and elaborate work."
GEORGE S. IIILLARD: Boston Courier, Jan. 13, 1854.
A review of this work, by Mr. David J. Mac Cord, will be
found in the Southern Review, Oct. 1847. It is high y
commended by the London Athenæum, 1839, 483. A le 8
favourable notice will be found in the Edin. Rev., lxxiii.
55, 76.
This work
2. LEGAL AND POLITICAL HERMENEUTICS.
is used as a text-book in Harvard University.
"A treatise replete with accurate logic, and clear and sound
principles of interpretation, applicable to the duties of the law.
giver and the science of jurisprudence."-CHANCELLOR KENT: Com-
ment., ed. 1854. vol. i. p. 521.
Among his minor publications we notice, in addition to
those already enumerated-1. A Letter on the Great Lon-
don Exhibition (The World's Fair) of 1851; published in
the National Intelligencer, Washington, June, 1851. 2.
A Lecture on the History and Uses of Athenæums; deli-
vered at the request of the Columbia Athenæum, March
17, 1856.
This is an admirable discourse. 3. Was Na-
poleon a Dictator? Published in Putnam's Mag., Jan.
1855, 12-21. In this article will be found a long and
interesting letter from Joseph Bonaparte (late King of
Spain) to Dr. Lieber, dated Point Breeze, 1st July, 1829,
explanatory of Napoleon's line of policy. Lieber has a
number of letters from Joseph Bonaparte, and, of course,
many from distinguished individuals in Europe and Ame-
rica; and all these, we trust, will some day or other see
the light. 4. Shall Utah be admitted into the Union?
Published in Putnam's Mag., March, 1855, 225-236. In
the present state of this question, it is well to quote the
decision (recorded in the last three lines of the essay) of
so able a publicist as Dr. Lieber:
"Once more: the question we proposed to ourselves was, Ought
the Mormons to be admitted? And we answer, No."
In our opinion, the Mormons ought forthwith to be ad-
mitted-not into the Union, but-into the penitentiaries A very favourable review of Legal and Political Her-
of the Union, there to remain until sufficiently punished meneutics, written by Robert von Mohl, Professor of
for their monstrous offences against the Common Law and
Political Science in the University of Heidelberg, Cabi-
statute-enactments of the land. 5. An Ode on the Sub-
5. An Ode on the Sub-net-Minister to the Vicar-General of the German Empire
Atlantic Telegraph. Published in the National Intelli- in 1849, and one of the most eminent of German publicists,
gencer. In this connexion we must refer the reader to
will be found in the first number of the 14th vol. of the
Lieber's Ode on the Proposed Ship-Canal between the Heidelberg Critical Annals of Jurisprudence. Von Mohl
Atlantic and the Pacific, (pub. in The West and other extols the work for its soundness and originality. Another
Poems,) of which Professor Longfellow remarks, "It is commendatory notice of the same volume, written by
strong enough to make the canal itself if it could be Penheiro-Ferreira, (“Ancient Cabinet-Minister of Portu-
brought to bear."
6. A Monody to the memory of Dr. E. gal,") occurs in the Révue Étrangère et Française, Paris,
K. Kane, the Arctic Navigator. Pub. in Elder's Life and
Pub. in Elder's Life and June. 1840, rii. 494. We give an extract:
Travels of Dr. Kane, 1857. This is the last of Lieber's
publications. In former years he was a contributor to
the Southern Literary Messenger and the Southern
Quarterly Review, and pub. a number of essays in
European periodicals. We understand that a selection.
from his minor publications will shortly be published in
Boston, probably in 2 vols. 12mo. We should not omit
to state that, as regards Political Economy in its exterior
relations, Lieber is looked upon as-to quote the language
of the late Secretary Robert J. Walker-The philosophic
head of the Free-Traders in the United States."
"L'auteur a donné à son travail une extension qui en augmente
l'intérêt; il s'efforce d'établir des principes propres à concilier les
antinomies apparentes des lois émanées d'une même source. Il va
même plus loin; il indique des règles judicieuses pour éviter les
ambiguïtés qui obligent d'avoir recours à l'hermeneutique."
3. ON CIVIL LIBERTY AND SELF GOVERNMENT. This
work is used as a text-book in Yale College. The main
idea of this work is that democracy, or equality of itself,
has nothing to do with LIBERTY; that democratic abso-
lutism is the most stringent of all absolutisms; and that
true LIBERTY-Anglican, American,liberty—is institutional.
This important truth Dr. Lieber demonstrates with great
force, and displays it in broad contrast with the Gallican
error which confounds the ideas of liberty and equality.
To the last chapter-on Vox Populi Vox Dei-we would
especially commend the attention of our young politicians.
The reader cannot do better than make Professor Lieber's
mind with sound leading principles in statesmanship and jurispru-
volumes the subject of attentive study, if he wishes to store his
dence.
dence.... His great work on Civil Liberty."-Creasy on The leise
and Progress of the English Constitution, 2d ed., Lon., 1854, 240, q. v.
In a recent work, entitled "Die Geschichte und Literatur
der Staats-Wissenschaften," &c., von Robert von Mohl. Er-
langen, 1855, (The History and Literature of Political Sci-
ence, by R. von Mohl,) the author refers, in terms of com-
mendation, to the work of Mr. Calhoun, expressing, how-
ever, his dissent from some of the opinions of the "great
Southern statesman," and then introduces Dr. Lieber:
United States is also an important work: and here, truly, praise
"Lieber's treatise on Civil Liberty and Self-Government in the
is to be awarded without any admixture of blame. The author
does not, indeed, treat of the entire foundation of American poli-
tical institutions, since he restricts himself to a discussion of the
democratic principle. So far, however, as he goes, he shows him.
self to be a man learned in general and in political science, calmly
exploring his subject and evincing sound political tact and wis
dom."
•
"I am exceedingly pleased with it: it is full of excellent hints
and principles and guiding-rules. and, what is very important,
written in a clear, compact style, with great force of illustration
and accuracy of statement, and, withal. in a spirit (without which
all other qualities are of little avail) of candour, and without par
tisanship."-JUDGE STORY: Life and Letters, ii. 253.
"I regard the Hermeneutics as a work eminently useful to our
profession,-not merely useful to students, but to men of long ex-
perience at the bar.-as a most lucid exposition of the principles,
and admirable illustration of the science, of interpretation and
construction."-Letter of Simon Greenlof, Professor of Law at
Cambridge.
It will be noticed, by the legal reader, that Lieber's dis-
tinction between Interpretation and Construction, esta-
adopted by Greenleaf in his work on the Law of Evidence,
blished in his Hermeneutics, has been sanctioned and
and by other writers on law.
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Ven Mohl continues his remarks, which extend over
several pages.
•
"We commend it especially to all who are, or who expect to be,
in public life, to all lawyers and law students, and to all persons
interested in political and historical discussions. Our high sense
of its merits is gathered from what we have before said. We look
upon it as a permanent as well as valuable accession to political
literature, destined to take its place with the Federalist and the
writings of Adams, Hamilton, and Jefferson."-GEORGE S. HILLARD:
Boston Courier, Jan. 13, 1854.
"An admirable work. To those who have access to the
volumes, a careful reading of them is warmly recommended."--
NOAH PORTER, D.D.: Pref. to Serm. in Civil Liberty, July, 1856.
The events that are passing around us in both worlds, the Old
and New, are referred to with an accuracy and copiousness of detail
not usually found in Professors of any country. Dr. Lieber exalts
the principle of self-government; and has produced, therefore, by
implication, a very fine apology for the Constitution of the United
States. His work may be read with advantage by those who wish
to appreciate the manly tone in which political subjects are treated
amongst the best-educated classes over the Atlantic."-Lom. Athen-
œum, 1854, 436.
6.
Few writers have given more clear and comprehensive views
of many of the points which Englishmen and Americans agree
in holding as to civil liberty and self-government. . . . The whole
work from its historical facts and philosophical principles, forms a
valuable manual of political science.”—Lim. Literary Guzette, 1854,
133-135.
"Ilis work may be consulted with the greatest advantage,
whether by American or English readers, who desire to make
themselves accurately acquainted with the political resemblance
and the political difference between the two great nations which
have so immense an interest in understanding each other."-Lon.
Globe, Nov. 7, 1853.
"There is no work of which this volume of Dr. Lieber's reminds
us so much as of the famous work of Montesquieu, De l'Esprit des
Lois. What the great French jurist did for forms of government
in general, our author has done for those forms of government in
particular which have the idea of liberty for their base. For close
ness of coherence and perspicuity of argument his work stands.
pre-eminent among works on political science."-John Bull, Nov.
12, 1853.
"A profound and admirable work. Whoever will follow that
very able writer in his masterly exposition of the principles of
Anglican liberty," &c.-GEORGE TICKNOR CURTIS: Hist. of the Con-
stitution of the U. States, N. York, 1854, vol. i. 488, n.
"It is a work of rare merit. and should be read by every citizen
and adopted as a text-book in every academy, college, and uni-
versity in the Republic."-De Bow's Review.
"It is written with great clearness and force, and is one of the
most valuable we possess upon the fundamental principles of poli-
>>
tical of Useful
See also a review of Civil Liberty and Self-Government,
written by Rev. Dr. T. D. Woolsey, President of Yale Col-
lege, in the New Englander for August, 1856, 329, 362.
Lieber's political works are often referred to by the
Dr. Arnold, of Rugby School, (see his Works and Letters;)
by Mittermaier, in his Penal Process and other volumes;
by Tremenbeere, in the Constitution of the United States
Compared with our Own, Lon., 1854, p. Svo; by Dr. W.
Cooke Taylor, in his Natural History of Society, 1840, 2
vols. p. 8vo; and by many other European and American
authorities.
Mr. Prescott remarks, (Hist. of the Conq. of Mexico,
23d ed., Bost., 1855, i. 170, n.,) "Such works could not
have been produced before the nineteenth century."
Professor Greenleaf says that Lieber "always leaps
into the deepest water, and always comes up like a good
and easy swimmer;" and Chancellor Kent once observed
that when he "read Lieber's books he always felt that he
had a safe pilot on board, however dangerous the naviga-
tion might be."
The illustrious Niebuhr, Kent, Story, and Livingston
united in his praises when he entered the walls of the
college which so long profited by his labours, and Preston,
King, Pettigru, and Allston were among the large num-
ber of those who mourned his departure from its gates.
The eulogistic resolutions unanimously passed, and the
costly testimonials proffered the beloved preceptor of
many studious days delightfully passed in the impartation
and reception of knowledge, were felt to be a very inade-
quate expression of their appreciation of his worth.
On the 18th of May, 1857, a new professorship was
created in Columbia College, New York, for the purpose
of securing the services of Dr. Lieber, and he now occupies
the chair of History and Political Science in that institu-
tion. In this case, as on the occasion of his election to
his professorship in the College of South Carolina, he re-
Rev.ceived a unanimous election of boards composed of about
Such evidences of esteem
twenty-five members each.
must be grateful to the one thus distinguished; but they
have been amply earned.
·
22d June, 1822; 22d March, and 2d and 6th April.
1825.
These letters express the deep concern which Niebuhr
felt in his young friend's efforts in the cause of freedom,
his military services in Greece, &c.
Some interesting accounts of Lieber's early history-
and the lives of few men offer so tempting a subject for
the pen of the novelist as that of this youthful soldier,
political captive, earnest student, and celebrated profes-
sor-will be found in Niebuhr's letters to his sister-in-
law, Madame Hensler, under date of 6th April, 7th and
As Professor of History and of Political Philosophy
and Economy in the State College of South Carolina,
Lieber's chair was for many years thronged with delighted
and zealous students, whom their preceptor sent forth, from
time to time, to take their places in the halls of legisla-
tion, the academies of science, the camp, or the forum, to
instruct others by their wisdom or profit them by their
example. The address of this great man to his former
pupils, in the dedication to bis treatise on Civil Liberty
and Self-Government, reminds the reader of some of the
finest remains of classical antiquity; and the work which
it prefaces should be carefully and frequently perused by
every American who earnestly covets for his country the
inestimable blessings of peace within her own borders, and
honour and reputation among the political families of the
earth.
It will readily be believed that Lieber's resignation of
a post the duties of which he had discharged so faithfully
and with such eminent credit to himself, to his pupils,
and with such eminent credit to
and to his college, exhibited feelings of no ordinary re-
gret. No man, perhaps, ever entered an institution of
learning under higher auspices, supported so eminent a
character with such unbounded reputation, and proved so
successful in gaining at once the affection of his pupils
and the admiration of the learned of every land.
"No greater tribute can be paid to the substantial worth of his
writings." remarks Mr. Hillard, than the fact that they have
earned him the proud distinction of a place in the French Institute,
as Corresponding Member, an honour which he shares with Mr.
Prescott. Mr. Bancroft, Prof. Agassiz, and Prof. Bond, and with
them alone, on this continent.”—Boston Courier, Jan. 13, 1854, q. v.
for an able review of the literary characteristics of Dr. Lieber.
Mr. Bancroft, the distinguished American historian,
referring to the honours which crowd around the name of
Lieber,-quoted, admired, and lauded at home and abroad, |
by his own people, and by foreign nations,―remarks that
others may do justice to the great variety and accuracy |
of Lieber's acquisitions, but that his homage is to the
manliness of heart which leads him to the love of the right
cause, and the integrity of character which makes him at
all times true to himself in the support of it. He declares |
that Lieber's "admirable work" on Civil Liberty and
Self-Government well entitles Lieber "to the honours of
a Defender of Liberty."
America indeed owes a large debt of gratitude to Lieber;
for we speak advisedly when we say that few men, living
or dead, have directly and instrumentally-orally and
through the press--instructed so many of our countrymen
in the laws of science, the principles of philosophy, the
canons of ethics, and the institutes of politics and poli-
tical economy. Long may this distinguished teacher con-
tinue to instruct his race; to form and mature the minds
of those who are preparing for, and those who are now
acting their part on, the stage of active life,-of social,
political, and domestic duties: long may he be spared
"teach our
to qualify our youth for usefulness, and to
senators wisdom."
Lieber, Oscar Montgomery, son of the preceding,
b. 1830, in Boston, Massachusetts, educated professionally
at Berlin, Göttingen and the mining-school at Freiberg
in Saxony, is the author of Assoyer's Guide, or Practical
Directions to Assayers, Miners, and Smelters, (Phila., 1852,
12mo,) and a translation of Woehler's "Beispiele zur
Uebung in der Analytischen Chemie," entitled "The
Analytical Chemist's Assistant," with an introduction,
illustrations, and copious additions, (Phila., 1852, 12mo ;)
also of a "Sketch of the Geology of the State of Mis-
sissippi," with a geological map of that State, where he
was State-geologist in 1850-51, published in the New
York Mining Magazine for July, 1854; translator of
Cotta's Observations on the Formation of Metalliferous
Veins, (N. Y. Mining Magazine for Oct., Nov., and Dec.
1854;) Remarks on Whitney's Metallic Wealth of the
United States, (N. Y. Min. Mag. for Nov. and Dec. 1854.)
He wrote Some Remarks on the Metalliferous Veins of
the South, developing a new theory as to the real simi-
larity of apparently different veins, (N. Y. Min. Mag. for
Oct. 1855.) It appeared translated in Hartmann's Berg-
und Huettenmannische Zeitung, and in Cotta's Gang-
studien, vol. iii. fasc. 1. He is the author of various
articles on the metalliferous veins of the South, and on
1098
LIG
LIL
metallurgical operations, in Cotta's Gangstudien, and
the Berg und Huettenmannische Zeitung, (both Ger-
man publications.) In 1854-55, he was engaged as as-
sistant in the geological survey of Alabama. At the close
of 1855 he was elected, by the Legislature of South Caro-Lightfoot, from his great Rabbinical learning, is an admirable
lina, Mineralogical, Geological, and Agricultural Surveyor illustrator of obscure passages in the Scripture.-DR. ARNOLD.
of the State, and is now (1857) engaged in the duties of
"That profound Rabbinist, Lightfoot."-DR. J. PTE SMITH.
this survey. His First Annual Report, embracing the pro- his discourses in Jewish antiquities and philology :
Orme thinks that our author laid too much stress upon
gress of the survey during the year 1856, with Plates and
Maps, was pub. at Columbia, S.C., in 1857, 8vo, pp. 136.
**
The editors of the Amer. Journal of Science and Arts,
No. 70, July, 1857, page 145, observe, respecting 0. M.
Lieber's Mineral., Geol., and Agricultural Survey of South
Carolina:
The Talmudical exercitations partake largely of the unsatis-
factoriness, and even silliness, of rabbinical learning,-to which
Lightfoot attached more importance than he ought, for assistance
in interpreting the New Testament. If any man could have made
a good use of the works of ancient and modern rabbins, for illus-
trating the Bible, Lightfoot certainly was the man. But even in
his hands the material is very unproductive: and, though we are
grateful to him for the collections which he has made, we can
scarcely help regretting that so much labour has been expended to
so little purpose. All that is really valuable in them might be put
into a small compendium."-Orme's Bib. Bib.. q. x.
Lightfoot's Chronicle of the Times and the Order of the
Texts of the Old Testament (in vol. ii. of Pitman's ed. of
his Works) cannot be too highly commended:
"Notwithstanding the differences in opinion entertained by the
learned concerning the chronology of particular events, the general
method of this Chronicle has been. and still continues to be, held
in the highest estimation by all who are competent duly to appre-
ciate its merits."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.. 1839. 129.
"The author has a field of great interest, and has taken hold of
it with energy and success. There is no department in American
There is no department in American
geology requiring more study than the metamorphic rocks of the
Atlantic States, and especially those of the South. The descrip-
tion and handsome maps of Mr. Lieber's report throw much light
on the subject, and when the survey is completed—which we trust
will be without interruption-the doubts as to the age of the meta-
morphic rocks, and the period of metamorphism, must certainly
he much lessened, if not wholly removed. The structure of the
gold-veins, and their true relations to the containing rocks. their
resources, and the value and nature of copper and other mines in
the States, are additional topics of great importance, which Mr.
Lieber has begun to elucidate."
Light, Capt. Henry. 1. Travels in Egypt, Nubia,
&c., in 1814, Lon., 1818, 4to. 2. Sicilian Scenery, 1821,
12 Pts. imp. Svo, 60 plates.
Light, Col. Wm. Views of Pompeii, Lon., 1828,
fol., 25 plates.
Lightbodie, George. The Masse-Book of Lurking
Darkness. [the Liturgy.] 1638, Svo.
Lightbody, J. Books on Gauging, &c., 1694, '95, &c.
Lightcoles, J. Architecture, 1766, fol. See Donald-
son's Agricult. Biog., 54.
Lighterfoot, Richard. Almanac, 1607, 12mo.
Lightfoot, John, D.D., 1602-1675, a native of Staf
fordshire, educated at Christ's College, Cambridge, became
minister of Stone, Staffordshire, in 1628; Rector of
ley in 1631; minister of St. Bartholomew's, London, 1642;
a member of the Assembly of Divines, 1643; and, in the
same year, Master of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, and
Rector of Much-Munden, Hertfordshire; Vice-Chancellor
of Cambridge, 1655. The best ed. of his works--which
consist of Chronicles and Harmonies of the Old and New
Testaments, learned annotations upon the Scriptures, ex-
planations of Jewish antiquities, sermons, &c.-is the one
edited by the Rev. J. R. Pitman, with a Life of the author,
Lon., 1822-25, 13 vols. Svo, £7 168. This ed. contains
matter before unpublished. The first ed. of his works was
pub. at London, 1684, 2 vols. fol.; a 2d ed. was printed
at Amsterdam, 1686, 2 vols. fol., containing all his Latin
writings, with a Latin trans. of those which he wrote in
English. At the end of both these eds. there is a list of
such pieces as he left unfinished. It is the chief of these
in Latin which make up the third vol. added to the former
two in a 3d ed. of his Works by John Leusden, Utrecht,
1699, fol. They were communicated by Mr. Strype, who
pub. in 1700, Svo, another collection of Remains of Light-
foot, with a Preface. His works were published in foreign
countries, and valued as highly by European critics as by
English divines.
|
"Of all the theologians of his time, this celebrated divine (whose
opinion was consulted by every scholar of note, both British and
foreign) is supposed to have been the most deeply versed in the
knowledge of the Scriptures.... The writings of Dr. Lightfoot
are an invaluable treasure to the Biblical student. By his deep
researches into the Rabbinical writings, he has done more to illus-
trate the phraseology of the Holy Scriptures, and to explain the
various customs, &c. therein alluded to, particularly in the New
Testament, than any other author before or since."-Horne's Bibl.
Bib., 1839, 129, 239, q. v.
•
Singulari doctrinâ conscripta.”—POOLE.
"Most of this author's remarks are deeply critical and curious.”
Williams's C. P.
Ma
"No divine," says Dr. Dibdin, “anxious to become versed in a
knowledge of Jewish rites and ceremonies, can view his theological
library with comfort, without a copy of the works of John Light-
foot."-Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 56.
See also Neal's Hist. of the Puritans; Life prefixed to
the folio ed. of his Works: also Pitman's Life, and Strype's
Preface to his Remains: Disraeli's Calamities of Authors,
ed. Lon., 1840, 132; CASTELL, EDMUND. The Hebrew
student must add to Lightfoot's Works-
I. Schoetgenii Hora Hebraicæ et Talmudicæ in Uni-
versum Novum Testamentum, quibus Horæ Lightfooti
supplentur, 2 vols. 4to, Dresdæ, 1733-42.
In this work the learned author follows the example of Dr.
Lightfoot. He goes over the same books, but superficially, and
Ash-supplies what was wanting on the Epistles and Revelations. In
the opinion of Walch. Schoetgen is superior to Lightfoot: he pro-
nounces his work to be one of great erudition, industry, and use."
-ORME.
II. Gesenii(Guil.) Thesaurus philologicus criticus Linguæ
Hebrææ et Chaldæae Veteris Testamenti post Gesenii
decessum composuit, Prof. Dr. Aemil. Roediger. Editio II.
secundum radices digesta priore germanica longe auctior
et emendatior, 3 vols. 4to, (pub. at £3 108. unbound,)
Lipsiæ. 1835-53.
III. Kabbala Denudata, seu Doctrina Hebræorum trans-
cendentalis, (ex Hebræo Latine reddita a C. Knoor von
Rosenroth.) 3 vols. 4to, plates, Sulzbaci, 1677-84.
This work is very difficult to be obtained complete with the
piece entitled Adumbratio Kabbala Christianæ, which ought to be
at the end of the last volume; it is yet very much more rare with
a treatise of 192 pages; entitled. Liber, seu Porta Cœlorum, &c.
Sold for 72 francs, La Vallière; 61 francs. Maucune.”—BRUNET.
Lightfoot, John, 1735-1788. Curate of Uxbridge.
1. Flora Seotica, Lon., 1775, 2 vols. Svo; 1777. 2 vols. 8vo.
"His descriptions are minute and accurate, his distinctions nice,
and many of them new, and his use of the several species more
ample and more applicable to the services of mankind than have
ever before been given in our language.”—PENNANT.
1785.
2. An English Bird of the Genus Motacilla Phil. Trans.,
3. British Shells: ibid., 1786. See his Life by
Pennant also by Sir J. E. Smith, in the English Cyclo-
pædia; Lon. Gent. Mag., vols. Iviii. and lxxii.
Lightfoot, Peter. A Battell with a Wasp's Nest,
Lon., 1649, 4to. This controversial tract, pub. under the
name of his brother Peter, was written by the Rev. Dr.
John Lightfoot, (ante.)
"I entreat the attention of the student to Lilitfoot's Works.
The honour of opening to the world the fountains of Talmndical
To use the expression of Schortgen, nisi Lightfootus basset, multi
learning, I rejoice to say, belongs to one of our own countrymen.
non saltassent."-TOWNSEND.
Gibbon says that our author,
"By constant reading of the Rabbis, became almost a Rabbin
himself."-Miscell. Works, vol. v. 226.
"Lightfoot, with extensive knowledge of the Rabbinical writers,
poured his copious stores on Jewish antiquities, preceded in this by
a more obscure labourer in that region, Ainsworth."-Hallam's
Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed.. Lon.. 1854, ii. 357.
"One of the most profoundly learned of the bright constellation
of scholars and divines which adorned that age, and shone, per-
haps, in any other. His Talmudical learning he most happily ap
plied to the illustration of Scripture."-HALES.
·
In Biblical criticism 1 consider Lightfoot the first of all English
writers and in this I include his learning, his judgment, and his
usefulness. His learning was immense; his judgment deep and
acute; and his usefulness as a writer, on the subjects he has dis-
cussed, is far beyond that of any other writer with whom I am
acquainted."-DR. ADAM CLARKE,
--
·
Lightfoot, Robert. Serm., &c., 1707, '09, '10.
Lightfoot, Wm. Complaint of England, Lon., 1587,
4to. This is directed against "Traitrous Papists."
Ligon, Richard. Hist. of Barbadoes, Lon., 1657,
'73, fol. In French, Paris, 1674, fol. and 4to.
“His book is amusing, and, with the exception of a fib or two
by way of sauer piquante, is a very accurate account of Barbadoes."
Lon. Retrosp. Rev., 1826, xiv. 221–256.
Lilburne, Eliza. Petition to the Commons, Lon.,
1646. fol.
Lilburne, John, 1618-1657, a Republican enthusiast,
fought against Charles I., wrote numerous political tracts
in favour of his own peculiar views, and subsequently be-
came a preacher among the Quakers. A collection of tracts
relative to Lilburne was pub. in 1646, 2 vols. 4to. See
Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit.
"The most turbulent, but the most upright and courageous, of
mankind."-Hume's Hist. of England.
I thank you," says Hyde to Nicholas. (1647.) "for your friend
Lilburne, and desire you to send me as many of his books as you
can. I learn much by them; and in earnest I find a great benefit
1099
LIL
LIN
by ading ill books, for, though they want judgment and logic to
prove what they promise, yet they bring good materials to prove
somewhat else they do not think of. And so I gain very much law
by reading Mr. Prynne, though nothing of it be applicable to those
purposes to which he produces it."-Clarendon Papers, vol. ii. p.
363.
Lilie, George. Chronicon sive Brevis Enumeratio
Regum et Principum, &c., Franc., 1565, 4to.
Lilie, John. See LILLY.
Lilius. See LILY.
Lillie, Charles. British Perfumer, Lon., 1822, 8vo.
Lillie T. Serm., 1785, Svo.
Lillington, Luke. Reflections on Burchett's Me-
moirs, Lon. 1704, Svo.
|
Lillo, George, 1693–1739, a London jeweller, wrote
seven dramas, of which George Barnwell, Arden of Fe-
versham, and Fatal Curiosity, for a long time held pos-
session of the stage; and the first is still a favourite. His
Dramatic Works and Life were pub. by Thos. Davies in
1770, 2 vols. 12mo; again, with addits., 1810, 2 vols. r.
18mo.
"He is a master of terrific but not of tender impressions. We
feel a harshness and gloom in his genius, even while we are com-
pelled to admire its force and originality."-Campbell's Specimens
of the British Poets.
See Davies's Life of Lillo; Cibber's Lives, vol. v.;
Blackw. Mag., xxx. 356; Noctes Ambros., Nov. 1832.
Lilly, Lylie, Lyllie, or Lyly, John, b. about
1553, pub. nine dramatic pieces between 1579 and 1600,
Pap with a Hatchet, (about 1589,) and the following ro-
mance, by which he is best known: Evphues: The Ana-
tomy of Wit, 1st ed., 1580, 4to. Euphues and his Eng-
land, 1581, 4to. This is a sequel to the preceding. For
eds., see Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1133. This work, the
style of which "exhibits the absurdest excess of pedantry,
to which nothing but the most deplorable bad taste could
have given even a temporary approbation," was intended
to reform and purify the English language. It soon be-
came the court standard :
"Our nation are in his debt for a new English, which he taught
them: Euphues and his England began first that language: all
our ladies were his scholars; and that beauty at court which could
not parley Euphuisme (that is to say, who was unable to converse
in that pure and reformed English which he had formed his work
to be the standard of) was as little regarded as she which now there
speaks not French."-Blount's Preface to Lilly's Six Court Come-
dies, Lon., 1032, 12mo.
But all of Lilly's contemporaries did not think so
favourably of his philological purifications and improve-
ments. Shakspeare ridiculed the new dialect in Love's
Labour Lost, (Holofernes,) and Ben Jonson in Every Man
out of his Humour, (Fastidious Brisk.) Euphues, to
quote the language of a modern learned critic,
"Did incalculable mischief by vitiating the taste, corrupting the
language, and introducing a spurious and unnatural mode of con-
versation and action."-Gifford.
"The style, which obtained celebrity, is antithetical and sen-
tentious to affectation, a perpetual effort with no adequate suc-
cess, rendering the book equally disagreeable and ridiculous,
ridiculous,
though it might not be difficult to find passages rather more happy
and ingenious than the rest.”—Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th
ed.. Lon., 1854, ii. 194–196, 7. v. for specimens.
See also, respecting this writer and his works, Athen.
Oxon. ; Biog. Brit.; Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poet. ;
Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet.; Cens. Lit.; Ellis's Spe-
cimens; Drake's Shakspeare and his Times; Hazlitt's
Dramat. Lit. of the Age of Elizabeth; Dibdin's Lib.
Comp. Schlegel's Lects. on Dramat. Lit., Eng. trans.,
Lon., 1846, 457-458; Dunlap's Hist. of Fiction, 1845,
402-407.
"The style of novel-writing introduced by Lylie was not of long
popularity, but the taste by which it was succeeded is not more
deserving of commendation.”—DUNLOP; ubi supra.
"Ah that I had with me my Anatomie of Wit, that all-to-be
unparalleled volume, that quintessence of human wit. that treasury
of quaint invention, that exquisitely-pleasant-to-read and inevitably-
necessary-to-be-remembered manual of all which is worthy to be
known! &c."-SIR PIERCIE SHAFTON: Scott's Monastery.
Of Lilly's dramatic pieces, perhaps the one we are about
to name was the best known, but all are now almost en-
tirely forgotten:
"His comedy in prose. Campaspe, [1584, '91. 4to.] is a warning
example of the impossibility of ever constructing, out of mere
anecdotes and epigrammatic sallies, any thing like a dramatic
whole."-SCHLEGEL: Lects. on Dramat, Lit.
Among the other plays of Lilly's are Sapho and Phao,
Edimion, and the Maydes Metamorphose.
"The only rare poet of that time, the witty, comical, facetiously-
quick and unparalleled John Lily."-BLOUNT: ubi supra.
"Sackville has strutted into obscurity; and even Lyly, though
his writings were once the delight of a court, and apparently per-
petuated by a proverb, is now scarcely known even by name."-
Washington Irwing's Sketch-Book: Mutabi ity of Literature.
Lilly, John. Law-books, 1710-23. See Watt's Bibl.
Brit.; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 465. The best-known of his
books is Modern Entries; 5th ed., 1791, 2 vols. Svo. This
is the only book of Entries and Writs that goes through
the whole alphabet.
Lilly, Peter, D.D., grandson of the succeeding, d.
1614, Canon of St. Paul's, and Archdeacon of Tauntou.
1. Concio, Lon., 1619, 4to. 2. Serms., 1619, 4to.
Lilly, William, 1602–1681, a famous astrologer, pub.
several works on his favourite subject, 1642-82, for an
account of which and the author we must refer to Athen.
Oxon.; Biog. Brit; Granger's
Granger's Biog. Hist. of Eng.;
Nash's Notes to Hudibras, 1796, 4to, vol. iii.; Hutton's
Mathemat. Diet'y; Retrosp. Rev., 1820, ii. 51-70; Lilly's
History of his Life and Times, Lon., 1715, 12mo; 1717,
See BURMAN,
Svo; 1721, Sro; 1774, 8vo; 1822, Svo.
CHARLES. In 1832, Lon., p. Svo, appeared Lilly's Intro-
duction to Astrology, a new and improved ed., by Zadkiel,
to which is now first added his Grammar of Astrology
and Tables of Nativities.
"A time-serving rascal."-DR. NASH.
Lily, George, d. 1559, Canon of St. Paul's, and
Preb. of Canterbury, was a son of William Lilly the
Grammarian. 1. Anglorum Regum Chronices Epitome,
Venet., 1548, 4to; Franc., 1565, 4to; Basil, 1577; Franc.,
1614.
“A slender abstract of our English history.”—Bp. Nicolson's
Eng. Hist. Lib.
2. Elogia illustrium Britannorum, &c., Venet., 1548.
Printed with Pauli Jovii Descriptio Britanniæ, &c. 3.
Elogia Virorum illustrium, 1559, Svo. It is said that
Lilly was the first who pub. a correct map of Britain.
Lily, Lilly, Lillye, or Lilye, William, 1468?-
1523, an eminent scholar, and the first master of St.
Paul's School, pub. several educational works on the Latin
tongue, the best-known of which is the Brevissima Insti-
tutio seu Grammatices Cognoscendi, Lon., 1513, 4to. For
an account of this work, (known as Lily's Latin Gramraar,)
in which Colet, Cardinal Wolsey, and Erasmus had a
share, see Dr. John Ward's ed. of the work, 1732, Svo.
See also, respecting Lily and his Works, Bale; Pits;
Tanner; Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.: Biog. Brit.; War-
ton's Hist. of Eng. Poet.; Fuller's Worthies; Knight's
Life of Colet; Jortin's Erasmus; Dibdin's Bibl. Decameron
and his Lib. Comp. Few school-books have passed
through so many eds. as Lily's Latin Grammar. The last
impression with which we are acquainted bears date 1817,
(sm. Svo,) nearly three hundred years after the date of
the first edition.
Limbird, James.
Geolog. paper in Phil. Trans.,
1787.
Limbo-Mastix, a fictitious name. Against Christ's
descending into Hell, &c., Lon., 1604, 4to.
Lime, James. The Mosaic Record in Harmony
with the Geological, Lon., 1856, sm. Svo.
"A singular, ingenious little work.”—Hugh Miller's Testimony
of the Rocks.
Lin, Francis. Ruin of Antichrist, 1650, 4to.
Linacre, Linacer, or Lynacer, Thomas, M.D.,
1460–1524, an eminent physician and divine, was a native
of Canterbury, educated at, and Fellow of, All Souls' Col-
lege, Oxford, was one of the most distinguished Greek
and Latin scholars of his age. He pub. a number of
translations from Galen and other authors, 1499, &c.,
Rudimenta Grammatices, and the following very learned
Lon., 1524, 4to; many eds. on the Coutinent.
work: De Emendata Structura Latina Sermonis libri sex,
This is
composed principally of criticisms on distinctions in the
Latin tongue.
"It has been remarked that, though Linacre formed his own.
style on the model of Quintilian, he took most of his authorities
from Cicero. This treatise, the first-fruits of English eradition,
was well received, and frequently printed on the Continent."-
Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, i. 338.
His translations from Galen were so excellent that his
friend Erasmus, when sending them to a correspondent,
remarks:
"I present you with the works of Galen, now, by the help of
Linacre. speaking better Latin than they ever before spoke Greek."
"Multa Guleni opera in Latinam linguam, mira et singulari
facundia, vertit."-JOHANNES CAIUS: Epitaph.
"Vir non exacti tantum, sed severi judicii.”—ERASMUS.
See also Bliss's Wood's Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit.;
Fuller's Worthies; Haller's Bibliotheca; Freind's Hist.
of Physic; Wood's Annals by Gutch; Aikin's Biog. Mem
of Med. Rees's Cyc.; J. N. Johnson's Life of Linacre;
British Physician, Lon., 1830, 1-14. In the British Mu-
seum there are two copies (one on vellum) of Linacre's
trans. of the 14 books of Galen's Methodus Medendi,-
the presentation-copies of Henry VIII. and Cardinal
1100
LIN
LIN
Wolsey. Linacre's trans. of Galeni de Sanitate tuenda
(on vellum-Wolsey's copy) is also in the British Museum.
Linaker, Robert. 1. Comfortable Treatise, Lon.,
1590, 8vo; 1595, 18mo. 2. Catechism, 1591, 8vo.
Linchan, J. Drainage Engineer and Land Im-
prover, Lon., 1838, 8vo.
Linche, Richard. The Forntaine of Ancient Fic-
tion, Lon.. 1599, 4to. From the Italian.
Lincoln, Mrs. Almira Hart. See PHELPS, MRS.
ALMIRA HART LINCOLN.
Lincoln, E. 1. Sabbath-School Class-Book; new ed.,
by Rev. Jos. Banvard, Bost., 18mo. Highly commended.
2. Scripture Questions, with answers.
Lincoln, Elizabeth, Countess of, daughter of
Sir John Knevet, married about 1862 to Thomas, Earl of
Lincoln. Her Nurserie, Oxon., 1622, '28, 4to. Enforces
the propriety of mothers' nursing their children.
Lincoln, Enoch, 1788-1829, Governor of Maine,
1826, '27, '28. The Village; a Poem, 1816. See Kettell's
Spec. of Amer. Poetry.
Lincoln, Mrs. Heman.
ELIZABETH.
See LARCOMBE, JANE
Lincoln, Rev. J. The Heavenly Parent, 18mo.
Lincoln, John L., an eminent classical scholar,
born in Boston, Massachusetts, educated at Brown Uni-
versity, 1806, has been since 1844 Professor of the Latin
Language and Literature in that excellent institution. 1.
Selections from Livy, with English Notes, N. York, 12mo.
The text is chiefly that of Alschefski. This work has
been adopted by a majority of the American colleges.
"Judiciously prepared, and well adapted to the purpose in-
tended."
Prof. Kingsley, of Yale College, Professors Anderson,
of Waterville College, Tyler, of Amherst College, Pack-
ard, of Bowdoin College, and Johnson, of New York Uni-
versity, unito in the praise of this work. 2. The Works
of Horace, with English Notes, 12mo. The text is that
of Orelli, edit. 1843-44.
"The most useful school-edition of Horace which we have yet
scen.”― Lon. Lit. Gaz.
Also highly commended by Prof. Baehr, (in the Heidel-
berg Annals of Lit.,) George Ticknor, LL.D., and Wm.
Smith, LL.D., editor of the Dict. of Antiq., Biog., and
Mythol., &c.
Lincoln, Rev. Robert. Testamentum XII. Pa-
triarcharum, Gr. Lat., cum Notis per Graham, Oxon.,
1698, 4to.
Lind. Remarks on the Acts relating to the Colonies
war.
of the 13th Parliament of Great Britain, &c., vol. i., Lon.,
1775, Svo.
"This is the ablest work I ever read in defence of the American
I knew and respected the writer.”—MS. note of Dr. Parr in
his copy.
Lind, Alex. On Peat; Ess. Phys. and Lit.. 1756.
Lind, James, M.D., d. 1794, pub. several medical
works, &c., 1753-75.
Lind, John, barrister-at-law, d. 1781. Letters on
Poland, Lon., 1773, Svo.
Works on
Linden, Diederick Wessel, M.D.
mineral waters, Lon., 1751-69.
Lindesay. See LINDSAY and LYNDSAY.
Lindesay, Colin. See BALCARRAS, EARL OF.
Lindesay, David, D.D., Bishop of Brechin. Theo-
log. treatises, 1619, '21, '62.
Lindesay, John, Earl of Crauford. Memoirs
of his Life. Lon.. 1769, 12mo.
Lindesay, Thomas, D.D., d. about 1724, Bishop of
Killaloe, 1695, trans. to Raphoe, 1713, and to Armagh,
1713. Serm., Gal. vi. 10, Lon., 1692, 4to.
:
Lindesy, Major. His Legacy, 1645, fol.
Lindet, Robert. State of France, 1794, Svo.
Lindewood, Lindwood, or Lyndewood, Wil-
liam, Divinity Professor at Oxford temp. Henry V.;
ambassador to Spain, 1422; Bishop of St. David's, 1434;
d. 1446. Constitutiones Provinciales Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ,
Oxon., 1679, fol. Best ed. For other eds., see Lowndes's
Bibl. Man., 1135. See also Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 482.
Lindley, Anne. French school-books, 1811.
Lindley, George. 1. Plan of an Orchard, Lon.,
1796, fol., sheet. 2. Guide to the Orchard and Kitchen
Garden, edited by John Lindley, [post,] 1831, Svo.
Lindley, John, Ph. D., Prof. of Botany at Uni-
versity College, London, since 1829, has pub. many valu-
able botanical works, which stand at the head of the
literature of this department. Among these are-1. In-
troduc. to Botany, Lon., 1832, Svo; 4th ed., 1854, 2 vols.
Syo.
"We have no hesitation in pronouncing this Introduction to Bo-
This work contains much information regarding the political,
commercial, and domestic state of the Brazilians, with some notices
on natural history."-Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
Lindo, E. H. 1. Jewish Calendar for 64 Years, Lon.,
1838, 8vo. 2. Trans. of Manasseh Ben Israel's Concili-
ator, with Notes, 1842, 2 vols. 8vo.
"This work is recommended to all Biblical scholars by the learned
Grotius."-Rees's Cyc.
3. Hist. of the Jews of Spain and Portugal, 1848, Svo.
Lindo, Moses. New Dye; Phil. Trans., 1763.
Lindsay. See LINDESAY and LYNDSAY.
Lindsay, Alexander William Crawford, Lord,
the eldest son of James Lindsay, twenty-fourth Earl of
Crawford and Balcarres, and premier Earl of Scotland,
was born in 1812, educated at Trinity College, Cambridge,
and subsequently travelled in the East.
1. Lives of the Lindsays; or, a Memoir of the Houses
of Crawford and Balearres, 1840, 4 vols. 8vo. These Me-
moirs were privately printed in 1835. The 3d ed. appeared
in 1849, 3 vols. Svo. The work was not originally intended
for publication. To these vols. should be added, Case of
of Earl of Crawford, &c.. [in the House of Lords.] 1845,
James, Earl of Balearres, claiming the Title and Dignities
fol., pp. 239. The Case was drawn up by Mr. Riddell,
perhaps the first peerage-lawyer of the age in Scotland,
and a most erudite genealogical antiquary. When it is
remembered that the noble house of Lindsay is traceable
through a descent of twenty-eight successive generations,
it will at once be perceived that his lordship rather suf-
fered from the embarras de richesses than from any lack
of materials for his graceful and sprightly "Muse of His-
¡tory."
The noble chronicler has well acquitted himself
of his laborious task.
1
申
​tany, by Dr. Lindley, to be the most valuable and perfect in arg
language we are acquainted with."-Lon. Med. Gaz.
2. Natural Hist. of Botany, 1836, 8vo. 3. Flora Medica,
1838, 8vo. Barton and Castles' Medico-Botanical Atlas,
8vo, should accompany this work. 4. Botanical Hist. of
Roses, r. 8vo. 5. British Fruits, 1841, 3 vols. 8vo; £10
10%. 6. Synopsis of the British Flora; 3d ed., 1841, 12mo.
7. Ladies' Botany, 2 vols. 8vo; abridged, new ed., 1841,
Svo. 8. Treatise on Botany, 1842, Svo. 9. Elements of
Botany; 5th ed., 1847, 8vo. 10. School-Botany; new ed.,
1854, 8vo. 11. Medical and Economical Botany, 1849,
8ro. 12. The Vegetable Kingdom; 3d ed., 1853, r. 8vo.
"No work more important to the student in botany has ever ap-
peared."-Lom. Jour. of Botany, No. 52.
13. Symmetry of Vegetation, 1854, Svo. 14. Theory
and Practice of Horticulture, 1840, 8vo; 2d ed., 1855, 8vo.
In addition to these and other botanical works, Dr. Lind-
ley pub. in 1831-37, 3 vols. 8vo, in conjunction with Dr.
W. Hutton, the Fossil Flora of Great Britain. We have
many commendations before us of Mr. Lindley's excellent
works, but lack space for quotations.
Lindley, Joseph, and Crosley, William. Me-
moir of a Map of Surrey, Lon., (1793,) 4to.
Lindley, Thomas. Narrative of a Voyage to Bra-
zil in 1802, Lon., 1805. 8vo.
I
+
"One of the very best speci:nens of Family History that our lan-
guage affords. . . . Our readers are well aware that Lord Lindsay
exerts his distinguished talents on all occasions under the influence
of deep religious feelings. He dwells accordingly at more length
on the piety which has distinguished very many of his family,
male and female, than on any of the secular triumphs and honours
of his ancient lineage.”—Lon. Quar. Rev., 1xxvii. 465–496.
"We differ from the author in many of his opinions, historical
and religious, but no difference can hinder us from expressing our
hearty admiration of his delightful work."-Lon. Gent. Mag., Nov.
1849, 497–502.
honour."-Lon. Athen. 1849, 713-715; 738-739: 761-763.
"He has given us a book which Scott would have delighted to
2. Letters on Egypt, Edom, and the Holy Land, Lon.,
i 1838, 2 vols. Svo; 5th ed., 1852, p. Svo.
"Having gone out in the perseverance and devotion of a pilgrim,
he has felt and revealed what he saw, with the wisdom of a philo-
sopher and the faith of an enlightened Christian.”—Rev. II. II.
MILMAN: Lon. Quar. Rer.. Ixiii. TC6-192.
ral fulfilment of prophecy, as displayed in the actual condition of
“Lord Lindsay has lost no opportunity of pointing out the lite
Egypt, Edom, and Syria.-Lon. Athenæum, 1838. 586-587.
+
Very interesting travels."-Blackw. Mag. xlvii. 569–570.
"It is long since we have met with volumes with the perusal of
which we have been more pleased."-Dubl. Univ. Mag., xii. 568-
592.
**
Calculated to command the attention, exercise the sympathies,
and gratify the curiosity and taste, of the reader."-CHANCELLOR
KENT.
3. Letter to a Friend on the Evidence and Theory of
Christianity, 1841, 12mo. 4. Progression by Antagonism:
a Theory involving Considerations touching the Present
Position, Duties, and Destiny of Great Britain, 1846, Svo.
See a review of this work and of No. 5 in the Lon. Quar,
Rev., lxxxi. 1-57. 5. Sketches of the History of Chris-
tian Art, 1847, 3 vols. 8vo.
1101
LIN
LIN
"As a contribution to the History of Art, his work is unques
onably the most valuable which has yet appeared in England.
His research has been unwearied."-Lm. Quar. Rev., 1xxxi. 4.
"We honour and hail Lord Lindsay's artistic enthusiasm; and
we think that the public owe to him no small tribute of thanks
for having thrown so fresh a glow over a comparatively dark period
of history, and for having raised, as from the dead, images so vivid
and so attractive, of artists whose very names, we fear, have been
hitherto unknown to a large number even of our better-informed
countrymen."-North British Review.
See LESLIE, CHARLES ROBERT, R.A., No. 2.
6. Reports of the Montrose Claim, 1856, 4to. Lord
Lindsay has hardly yet lost his claim to be considered a
young man, and we trust that his days of authorship have
not so soon fallen into "the sere and yellow leaf." He
who has proved that he can write so well will certainly
be expected to write more.
Lindsay, Hon. Colin, Lt.-Col., R.A. A Military
Miscellany, Lon., 1793, 2 vols. 8vo.
Lindsay, Sir Coutts. 1. Alfred; a Drama, Lon.,
1845, fp. 8vo. 2. Edward the Black Prince; a Tragedy,
1845, fp. Svo.
Lindsay, or Lyndsay, Sir David, 1490?-1568? a
native of Garmylton, Haddingtonshire, Knight of the
Mount, Lord Lyon King-at-Arms under James V., con-
tributed considerably to the establishment of the Reforma-
tion in Scotland by his satirical poems against the Church
of Rome. His principal pieces are-The Historie and
Testament of Squyer Meldrum, The Monarchie, The
Dreme, The Complaynt, The Complaynt of the King's
Papingo, Satyre on the Thrie Estaitis, Answer to the
King's Flyting, and The Complaynt of Basche, the King's
Hound. For an account of his productions we refer the
reader to the excellent ed. of his Poetical Works, with a
Life of the Author, Prefatory Dissertations, and an ap-
propriate Glossary, by George Chalmers, Lon., 1806, 3
vols. Svo. See also Herbert Ames's Typ. Antiq.; Ellis's
Specimens; Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poet.; Watt's Bibl.
Brit. Brit. Crit., vol. xxxiv.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.,
;
1175-1176; Irving's Lives of the Scottish Poets; Lord
Lindsay's Lives of the Lindsays; Blackw. Mag., xxvi.
491. The first collection of Lindsay's poems was pub. by
Jascuy, in 1558, who in the same year printed two im-
pressions, one in 12mo and one in 4to. John Skott pub.
a 3d ed. in 1559, and others followed.
In the earlier part of this period of thirty years [1520-1550]
we can find very little English poetry. Sir David Lyndsay, an
accomplished gentleman and scholar of Scotland, excels his con-
temporary Skelton in such qualities, if not in fertility of genius.
Though inferior to Dunbar in richness of imagination and in ele-
gance of language, he shows a more reflecting and philosophical
mind; and certainly his satire upon James V. and his Court is more
piquant than the other's panegyric upon the Thistle. But in the
ordinary style of his versification he seems not to rise much above
the prosaic and tedious rhymers of the fifteenth century. His
descriptions are as circumstantial without selection as theirs; and
his language, partaking of a ruder dialect, is still more removed
from our own."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, i.
423-424.
A graver objection to Lindsay's lines is their gross
indecency. The Sutyre on the Thrie Estaitis holds up
the clergy to great contempt. It was played before James
V. and his queen at Linlithgow in 1539, &c.
"It is a singular proof of the liberty allowed to such representa
tions at the period, that James V. and his queen repeatedly wit
nessed a piece in which the corruptions of the existing government
and religion were treated with such satirical severity.”—SIR WAL-
TER SCOTT.
The name of Sir Walter will doubtless remind the
reader of the beautiful introduction of our herald-poet in
Marmion:
"Still is thy name in high account
And still thy verse has charms,
Sir David Lindesay of the Mount,
Lord Lion King-at-arms!"
Pinkerton estimates the religious services of our author's
satirical poetry at a very high rate:
"Lyndsay had prepared the ground, and John Knox only sowed
the seed."
Mr. Hallam speaks with less extravagance:
"Lyndsay's poetry is said to have contributed to the Reformation
in Scotland-in which, however, he is but like many poets of his
own and preceding times. The clergy were an inexhaustible theme
of bitter reproof.”—Lil. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., 1854. i. 424.
Lindsay, Henry, Perpetual Curate of Wimbleton,
Surrey. Practical Lects. on the Historical Books of the
Old Testament., Lon., 1828, 2 vols. 12mo.
Lindsay, J. Two Journals from the Island of Mau-
ritius to India, &c., 4to.
Lindsay, James, D.D. Serms., 1797-1818.
"The learned and philosophical Dr. James Lindsay."-DR. PARR.
"Dr. Lindsay is remarkably energetic and eloquent."-Lon. Con-
greg. Mag.
Lindsay, John, d. 1768, aged 82, is said to have
1102
been the last minister of the Non-jurors in London. 1.
Regal Succession, Lon, 1720, 8vo. 2. Trans. of Mason's
Vindic. of the Ch. of England, 1726, '28. 3. Two serms.
of Francis Mason's, 1747. 4. Voyage to Senegal. 5. Sir
John Tostle; a Poem. See Nichols's Lit. Ance.
Lindsay, John. Serm. on Sir B. Keith, 1780, 8vo.
Lindsay, John. Medical treatises, 1792, '94.
Lindsay, John. Gauging, Edin., 1801, Svo.
Lindsay, John. 1. Coinage of Ireland, Lon., 1839, 4to.
"An important addition to our numismatic-we may add, to our
historic-knowledge."-Lon. Lit. Gaz.
2. Coinage of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy, 1842, 4to.
3. Coinage of Scotland, 1845, 4to.
3. Coinage of Scotland, 1845, 4to. 4. Notices of Remark-
able Mediæval Coins, 1849, 4to. 5. Hist. and Coinage of
the Parthians, 1853, 4to.
Interest of Scotland Considered, Edin., 1733, Svo; Lon.,
Lindsay, Patrick, Lord-Provost of Edinburgh. 1.
1735, 36, Svo. 2. Linnen Manufacture, 1735, Svo.
cadet of the noble family of Lindsay. Chronicles of
Lindsay, Robert, of Pitscottie, b. about 1500, a
Scotland, 1436-1565, with continuation by another hand
ham Dalyelle, 1814, 2 vols. Svo.
to 1604, Edin., 1728, fol.; 1778, 12mo. New ed. by Gra-
"They present a strange compound of endless and aimless gar-
rulity, simplicity, and graphic delineation, the latter, however,
evidently not the effect of art and design, but of a total want of
them."-Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen,
1855, iii. 459–460, 7. r.
Lindsay, Walter M. Poems, N. York, 1856.
"Mr. Lindsay knows better how to fix a sentiment into words
than to transform it into an image."-Lon. Athen., 1856, 1112.
Lindsey, Rev. John. Voyage to the Coast of Africa
in 1758, Lon., 1759, 4to.
"Worth a ten minutes' inspection before dinner is announced,
or after the tea and coffee are taken up into the drawing-room."-
Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
-
Lindsey, Theophilus, 1723-1808, a native of Mid-
dlewich, Cheshire, educated at St. John's College, Vicar
of Catterick, Yorkshire, 1764, resigned this living in 1773,
and in the next year opened a Unitarian chapel in London.
In 1793 he was obliged, from failing health, to discontinue
He pub. several serms. and treatises in defence of Soci-
preaching, and was succeeded in his charge by Dr. Disney.
nianism, and the following work, which is his most important
production: An Historical View of the State of the Uni-
tarian Doctrine and Worship from the Reformation to our
own Times, &c., Lon., 1783, Svo.
"The author has treated this interesting subject with great can-
dour and ability.”—BISHOP WATSON.
After his death appeared Serms., &c., with Preface by
Thomas Belsham, 1810, 2 vols. Svo.
"In the volumes of uninspired men we have met with nono
which, for the substance and the temper, for the manner and the
tendency, are so completely evangelical.”—Iom. Month. Repository
In 1812 were pub. Memoirs of T. Lindsey, &c., by
Thomas Belsham, Svo, pp. 554. We give brief extracts
from two reviews of this volume:
<<
'Mr. Belsham never loses sight of his real object, which is to hold
up to mankind the pure Unitarian doctrine as the standard of truth,
never fails to adorn the professors of it with every epithet of exu-
berant panegyric, as the wise and excellent of the earth. . . . It
was the advice to his pupils of an eminent tutor in one of those
illustrious seminaries [the English universities] never to take up
a book of reasoning without attempting to confute it. Even in
their hands, young as they are, we can trust Mr. Belsham.”—Lon.
Quar. Rev., viii. 422–437.
See BELSHAM, THOMAS.
"Of Mr. Lindsey considered as a writer, it is sufficient to observe
that the measure of intellect he displayed was the most ordinary,
and that he was not possessed of the power, in its lowest degree, of
either inventing what was rare, or embellishing what was com
mon."-ROBERT IIALL: Eclectic Rev., and in Hall's Works, 11th ed.,
1853, iv. 188-225.
Dr. William Burgh (q. v.) was one of those who answered
Lindsey's doctrinal treatises.
Lindwood, William. See LINDEWOOD.
Lineall, Joh. Proceedings of Lord Glynne, &o.,
Lon., 1658, 4to. See Athen. Oxon.
Linford, Thomas, D.D. See LYNFORD.
Ling, N. Holy Signes, &c.. Lon., 1563, 8vo.
Lingard, John, D.D., LL.D., Feb. 5, 1771-July 13,
1851, a native of Winchester, England, studied at the
Roman Catholic College at Douay, and subsequently ac-
companied the members of this institution to England,
were driven from home by the horrors of the
French Revolution. After completing the preliminary
course of instruction, Dr. Lingard received holy orders in
the Church of Rome, and through the course of a long
life was distinguished for his zeal in defence of the reli-
gious principles of his communion, and not the less so for
bis literary industry, sincere piety, and exemplary deport-
ment. For the last forty years of his life he held the
small preferment belonging to the Roman Catholic Church
LIN
LIN
|
|
|
in the village of Hornby, Lancashire, where "he grew old 13 vols. 12mo, $12; by Phillips, Sampson & Co., of Boston,
in the midst of a community who honoured him for bis 1853-54, 13 vols. 12mo, $9 75. In this ed. the editor has
worth" and mourned his decease as that of a much-loved avoided some errors of the press which crept into the
friend. The recluse had no small difficulty in preserving London edit. (the 5th) on which it is based. He has also
the "illustrious obscurity" which he cherished,-as the occasionally dropped an explanatory note. We should not
head of his Church had warmly urged a cardinal's hat omit to notice that Lingard's history was trans. into
upon his acceptance. But for this proffered dignity the French by M. Roujoux, and under the Government of
doctor declared he was altogether unsuited; "and," con- Charles X. was used as the standard history of England
tinued he, "it would quite put a stop to the progress of in all the colleges of France. We presume that it still
my history." Leo promised that he should not be inter-retains its favour in that quarter. The first ed. of Lingard's
rupted in his literary pursuits, if he would listen to his History was first reviewed by Dr. John Allen in the Edin-
proposal; but Lingard was inexorable, and the Pope had burgh Review for April, 1825, 1-31, and for June, 1826,
to be satisfied with the declaration that the modest church- 94-155. The critic gives the historian credit for laborious
man should be a cardinal in petto. Here was an authentic examination of original records, great excellence of style,
case of Nolo Episcopari. During the latter years of his and a remarkable talent for narration, but charges him
life Dr. Lingard was in the receipt of a pension from the with the suppression of truth and perversion of facts:
queen of £300 per annum, which, with the copyright-
money paid him for his History of England, placed him
in comfortable circumstances. The work just referred to
was sold not long since (1857) for the respectable sum
of £4683. A consideration of its merits will engage our
attention after reciting the titles of the author's other
principal publications. 1. Catholic Loyalty Vindicated,
1805, 12mo. This series of letters originally appeared in
The New Courant. 2. The Antiquities of the Anglo-Saxon
Church, 1809, 2 vols. 8vo; 1810, 2 vols. 8vo; 1810, 8vo;
1815, Svo. It is stated that the 1st ed. of this work was
pub. in 1804, and we have heard of one copy which bears
date 1806. There was pub. in 1845, 2 vols. 8vo, The His-
tory and Antiquities of the Anglo-Saxon Church,-called
the 3d ed. of The Antiquities, &c. But really this new
ed. is a new work, although the substance of the old work
is incorporated in it. The earlier publication was re-
printed at Phila., 1841, 12mo.
C
"Dr. Lingard's book is the fruit of great industry, learning, and
acuteness, directed by no ordinary talents. It is written in a clear
their endence, with a variety in their structure that pleases with-
and agreeable manner.
out palling on the ear. His style is nervous and concise, and never
enfeebled by useless epithets or encumbered with redundant, un-
meaning phrases. If it be deficient in that happy negligence and
apparent ease of expression, if it want those careless inimitable
which the despair and admiration of
Gibbon, there is no other modern history with which it may not
challenge a comparison. The narrative of Dr. Lingard has the
perspicuity of Robertson, with more freedom and fancy His dic-
tion has the ornament of Gibbon, without his affectation and ob-
scurity... Dr. Lingard also, we are sorry to say, has no generous
sympathy in the cause of freedom. He appears to take little in-
terest in the struggles for liberty that form the brightest part of
our annals. . . Dr. Lingard, we need scarcely say. is a decided
partisan of the Church of Rome. That he should be devoted to
her doctrines was to be expected from the faith he holds and the
profession he has embraced. But he is not only a believer in the
creed and advocate for the discipline of his church: he is the de-
fender of all her saints and confessors, the eulogist of all who have
laboured or suffered in her cause, the decrier of all who have re-
sisted her usurpations. . . . The devotedness of Dr. Lingard to his
church is an amiable and laudable feeling. When he maintains
the antiquity of her rites and discipline and vindicates the purity
of her dogmas from vulgar misrepresentation and calumny, we
approve his labours and applaud his learning. But when he dis-
sembles what might injure her reputation. when he blazons what-
ever tends to her honour and credit, he weakens our confidence in
his truth as an historian. and sinks himself into a common polemic.
... Dr. Lingard has indeed a wonderful talent for quoting as
much of a passage as suits his purpose and omitting whatever
makes against him. . . . We can discover, also, that his political
predilections are almost as likely to suborn his accuracy as his
ecclesiastical, and that he will require to be watched as closely in
his account of our free constitution as of our Protestant church.”
"Is not this the proper place to notice Lingard's Antiquities of
the Anglo-Saxon Church, 1815, Svo? The author is a Roman Ca-
tholic; and his work, although a heavy and destructive fire was
opened upon it in the Quarterly Review, vol. vii. p. 92, is not to be
consulted without advantage. It has learning and accuracy."-
Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 122, n.
We have the "heavy and destructive fire" to which
Dibdin refers now before us. It certainly cannot be
called a complimentary article. Towards the conclusion
of his review the critic remarks:
"Such are the principles, and such are a few of the misrepre-
sentations, of the work before us. To have noticed the whole, we
must have stopped at every page.”—P. 105.
Southey declares that it is
"A work not more full of erudition than it is of Catholic
and misrepresentation."
sophistry-April, 1825, 7, 19, 22, 30-31.
See also Allan Cunningham's Biog. and Crit. Hist. of
the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years, 1833; N. Brit. Rev., vi.
1; Eclec. Rev., 4th ser., xxii. 78. The Edinburgh re-
viewer, Dr. John Allen, pays the work rather a doubtful
compliment when he remarks that
"We can safely recommend his book for the curious matter it
contains and the agreeable style in which it is written. Its defects
are inseparable from the nature of his subject. Candour and im-
partiality are least of all to be expected from ecclesiastical histo-
rians."-xxv. 346–354.
3. A Review of certain Anti-Catholic Publications, 1813,
8vo. These were-I. Bp. Huntingford's Charge, 1810;
II. Bp. Tomline's Charge, 1812; III. Lord Kenyon on the
Catholic Question.
4. Tracts on several Subjects connected with the Civil
and Religious Principles of the Catholics, 1813, Svo: 3d
ed., 1823. Reprinted by F. Lucas, Jr., Baltimore, 12mo.
This work is a republication of many of the author's con-
troversial tracts. 5. Strictures on Dr. Marsh's Compara-
tive View of the Churches of England and Rome, 1815,
Svo. 6. The Golden Mean, 12mo. 7. Catechetical In-
structions on the Doctrines and Worship of the Catholic
Church; 2d ed., 1840; 3d ed., 1844, 12mo, and in 18шno.
8. Holy Communion and Ecclesiastical Office, 18mo. 9.
Version [English] of the Four Gospels, with Notes, by a
Catholic, 1836, Svo. See notices of other controversial
tracts by Lingard and other parties in Lowndes's Brit.
Lib., 1096-1097. See also the biographical account of Dr.
Lingard in the Lon. Gent. Mag., Sept. 1851, 323-325. 10.
The History of England from the First Invasion by the
Romans to the Accession of William and Mary in 168S,
1819-30, 8 vols. 4to, £14; 2d ed., 1823-31, 14 vols. Svo,
£S S8.; 3d ed., 14 vols. 8vo; 4th ed., 1837-39, 13 vols. fp.
8vo, £3 58.; 5th ed., 1849-51, 10 vols. 8vo, (this is the
last ed. revised by the author,) £6; 6th ed., 1854-55, 10
vols. cr. 8vo, £1 158. These are the edits. ; but of some
of these there have been more than one impression.
Abridgt. by Sadler, 2 vols. 12mo, 128.; new abridgt., 1855,
12mo, 58. American eds., pub. by Dunnigan, N. York,
It is to be observed that the Anglo Saxon portion of
Lingard's history is that to which the reviewer's strictures
are chiefly confined. The second part of Dr. Allen's re-
view of Lingard's History (Edin. Rev., June, 1826, 94-
155) is confined exclusively to an examination of the his-
torian's misrepresentation-as his critic deems it-of the
facts connected with the Massacre of St. Bartholomew.
He refuses to credit Lingard's assertion that his "opinion
was not formed till after a diligent perusal and comparison
of the most authentic documents on the subject," charges
Caveync, and declares that, on the whole,
him with a servile adoption of the version of the Abbé de
"We have found in his [Lingard's] account of that transaction
no marks of diligence or research, and many plain indications of
carelessness and haste, of borrowed learning, and inexcusable in-
difference to historical accuracy."-P. 95.
How far Dr. Allen is justified by the facts of the case in
these grave charges, it is not, of course, for us to decide.
He certainly had not determined to arraign the alleged
offender without taking due time for consideration, for
almost two years before the appearance of the first review
we find the following entry in Tom Moore's Diary:
Mary very curious. Allen has detected him (it seems) in falsifying,
"Spoke of Lingard's History of England; reign of Philip and
or rather giving a false colour to, his authorities.-particularly
about the vices of the clergy, which he contrives to suppress or
soften off."-Oct. 1823: Lord John Russell's Memoirs, Journal, and
Corresp. of Thomas Moore, Lon., 1853, iv. 138.
Under date of 22d May, 1844, we find the following
lines, which, as a veracious chronicler, we are not at liberty
to omit:
"Was much surprised the other day at hearing Mr. Lemon (of
the State-Paper Office) say that Lingard had never come to consult
their papers. This from any other authority I should have pro-
nounced downright impossible: but, as far as I have yet had time
to examine, am inclined to believe it true, for, in a volume of his
which I am at present employed upon, all the authorities he cites
Lingard to letters in the State-Paper Office."-Vol. v., 1856, 368,
are from other sources. I have since seen one or two references by
It is to be remembered that the last edit. of the History
appeared about six years after the date of the above entry,
and the author-even upon the presumption of former
neglect--may have taken pains to refer to documentary
1103
LIN
LIN
authorities whilst engaged in the revision of his text.
That he carefully examined the new historical matter
which had been pub. since the date of his last edit., we
have the evidence of a most respectable witness:
"We may as well take this opportunity of saying that Dr.
Lingard's ultimate revision of his work seems to have been most
elaborate. As far as we have been able to examine the text, (10│|
vols. Svo, London, 1850,) he has neglected nothing, either of
authority or argument, that had emerged in the interval from his
preceding appearance before the public. Mr. Macaulay has a full
share of the doctor's attention."-Lon. Quar. Rev., Sept. 1851,
289. n.
We have the last ed. (6th, 1854-55) before us, but have
not adopted Mr. Moore's plan of running the eye over
foot-notes in quest of evidence of visitations or non-visita-
tions to the State-Paper Office. Such indications, the his-
torical student will agree with us, are of little value one
way or the other.
Dr. Lingard was not disposed to remain silent under
accusations of so heavy a character as those preferred by
Dr. Allen, and he soon gave to the world A Vindication
of certain passages in the 4th and 5th volumes of the
History of England; 2d ed., Lon., 1826; Postscript, in
answer to Dr. Allen's reply, 1827. Of this pamphlet there
were at least four edits. The doctor's preface to his Vin-
dication proved that, whilst deeply wounded by what he
considered a most unjustifiable assault upon his candour
and veracity, (the two most essential qualities of a good
historian,) he felt fully able to encounter the foe who had
provoked him to the combat:
Dr. Dibdin, in the passage from which we have just
quoted, speaks of the different eyes of Papist and Pro-
testant" in inspections of historical data. The remark re-
minds us of a reflection of Mr. Prescott in his reference
to the character of Elizabeth of England:
"If one need be convinced how many faces history can wear,
and how difficult it is to get at the true one, he has only to com
pare Mr. Lingard's account of this reign with Mr. Turner's." —
list, of Ferdinand and Isabella, 11th ed., Bost., 1856. iii. 201, n.
See Mr. Prescott's remarks quoted in our life of HENRY
A few
HALLAM, LL.D., in this Dictionary, p. 769, col. 2.
brief quotations from other authorities not yet cited before
our tribunal must conclude an article already lengthened
beyond its intended limits. Mr. Macaulay characterizes
Dr. Lingard as
"His pamphlet is a model of controversial style: the scholar,
the gentleman, and the divine appear in their best character; the
"A very able and well-informed writer, but whose great funda-
calm dignity and the spirited firmness with which the historian mental rule of judging seems to be that the popular opinion on a
repels the coarse language and virulent accusations of his antago-historical question cannot possibly be correct."-Art. on Sir Wil-
nist are strong assurances of the rectitude of his intentions and liam Temple. Edin. Rev., Oct. 1838; and in his Crit. and Hist.
the truth of his cause."- Westminster Review, January, 1827.
Essays, Lon.. 1854, ii. 308.
.(
"It has pleased the reviewer [Edinburgh] to constitute himself
my accuser: it remains for me to repel the accusation. If I fail in
the attempt, the failure will justify his conduct: if I succeed, (and
of success I cannot entertain a doubt,) his will be the disgrace of
defeat and the shame of misrepresentation. He has provoked the
contest: he must submit to the consequences.”—P. S.
That the historian's defence did not fail to favourably
impress at least a number of his judges-the public-the
following verdicts give ample evidence:
"Dr. Lingard's Vindication, in short, is satisfactory and com-
plete; and the pamphlet is altogether beyond comparison the most
masterly and the best-conducted piece of controversial argument
which our times have produced."-Monthly Review, February,
1827.
"Whatever be the process by which Dr. Lingard has become
qualified satisfactorily to discharge the duties of an historian, it is
true-and his enemies admit it-that he must take his station among
the most distinguished of the writers who have investigated the
annals of this country."—Ibid.
"We scruple not to assert our conviction that Dr. Lingard has
a manifest triumph over the reasoning and judgment of his op-
ponents."-New Month. Mag., January, 1827.
"The historian's superior accuracy, fidelity, and research are too
clearly manifest to require comment, beyond our record of the fact."
-Ibid.
"We admire, and cannot too highly praise, the manly, tempe-
rate, and Christian spirit of Dr. Lingard's Vindication."-Lon. Mag.,
March, 1827.
C
"We do not envy or covet the feelings of the Edinburgh re-
viewer when he reads the indignant and triumphant pages of Dr.
Lingard's Vindication. His punishment reminds us of the story
of the end of Haman."—Ibid.
See also the Monthly Magazine for April, &c.
The Dublin Review, in a notice of the 4th ed. of the
History, 1837-39, remarks:
"It is impossible to convey an idea of the labour bestowed on
the revisal of this edition. From the appearance of the first volume
of the first edition in 1819, the author has been assailed in every
imaginable form. Hence it was necessary to go through every
charge to examine the authorities on which it was founded: where
an error had been committed, to admit it; where not, to defend the
original position. We know not a single point of importance on
which the assailants succeeded, while those on which they are tri-
umphantly discomfited are almost innumerable."-No. 24.
Among these "assailants" of Lingard's historical ac-
curacy, it will be remembered, was Archdeacon Todd, to
whose publications in this controversy we have already
referred in our life of THOMAS CRANMER, D.D., p. 447 of
this Dictionary. In this connexion, the testimony of
Robert Southey, one of the warmest champions of the
Established Church, in favour of Dr. Lingard, is too valu-
able to be omitted:
fected the facts are, upon the whole, fairly developed, and the
authorities faithfully consulted. Nor is Mr. Lingard, like David
Hume, afraid of encountering the tough and prolix authors of the
Middle Ages. His notes bear evidence of his research; and, although
his colouring of some characters will necessarily be seen with dif
ferent eyes by Papist and Protestant, yet it must be fairly acknow-
ledged that the cause of historical truth (if TRUTH there be in
HISTORY) is in all respects promoted by the cautious investiga-
tions and dispassionate remarks which characterize by far the
greater portion of his work. Mr. Lingard has caused the historical
critic to examine anew the data from which his inferences have
been drawn respecting the reigns of Henry VIII. and Queens Mary
and Elizabeth.”—Lib. Comp., ed. 1825, 246, n.
Even Dr. Allen, when about to criticize with great se-
verity the Anglo-Saxon portion of Lingard's narrative,
prefaces his strictures with the high compliment:
"To one desirous of making a study, and not a mere amusement,
of the history of his country, we know no general history of Eng-
land that we should sooner recommend than the work before us."
-Edin. Rev., April, 1825, 2.
In the same periodical, for March, 1831, 1-45, will be
found another review of Lingard's History, much more
favourable than Dr. Allen's, but qualifying commendation
with no slight censure. See other notices of the work in
Lon. Quar. Rev., 1. 273; Westminster Rev., vii. 87; Lon.
Month. Rev., lxxxix. 293, xc. 43, cviii. 1, exii. 159, cxviii.
389; Blackw. Mag.. xix. 313, xxxi. 757, xxxix. 22, n.,
xlv. 492; Sir Archibald Alison's Essays, Edin. and Lon.,
1850, iii. 425; N. York Eclec. Mag., xxiv. 350; N. York
Internat. Mag., iv. 285.
"He [Southey] spoke freely of his contemporaries. Lingard he
praised for true earnestness and a desire to state the facts."-Dr.
R. Shelton Mackenzie's Recollections of Southey, in Southey's Life
and Corresp.
|
Dr. Dibdin, also a zealous defender of the English
Church, remarks,
"There will be few who, on account of the religious creed (of
the Church of Rome) of the author, alone. will deny this history
a place on their shelves. The style is clear, vigorous, and unaf
In truth," says Allan Cunningham, "Dr. Lingard, with all his
research and learning and genius, is but a monk of the fourteenth
century as far as respects freedom, civil and religious. . . . He is
ready to aid no one but the clergy in pulling down kings; and he
only does this that he may raise up a clerical idol in their stead.”
-Biog, and Crit. Hist. of the Lil, of the Last Fifty Years, 1833.
It must not be denied that the graver errors with which
Dr. Lingard was charged by Dr. Allen-a want of candour
and impartiality, suppression of the truth in some cases,
and perversion of the facts in others, where the truth is
too well known to admit of disguise—are repeated to this
day by judges whose erudition in the lore of history can-
not be lightly questioned:
S
"His secret bias appears, not from what he tells us, but from
what he conceals: the best-informed critic will not easily detect
him in a false allegation, but the most superficial will have no
difficulty in discovering much that is known and true, but adverse
to his side, that is kept out of view."-SIR, ARCHIBALD ALISON:
Hist. of Europe, 1815–52, vol. i, chap. v.
The authorities next to be cited are not disposed to let
Dr. Lingard escape so easily:
"A late writer, whose acuteness and industry would raise him
to a very respectable place among our historians if he could have
repressed the inveterate partialities of his profession, has used every
oblique artifice to lead his readers into a belief of Aune Boleyn s
guilt, while he affects to hold the balance and state both sides of
the question without determining it. Thus, he repeats what ho
must have known to be the strange and extravagant lies of Saunders
about her birth,-without vouching for them, indeed, but without
any reprobation of their absurd malignity."-Hallam's Constit.
Hist. of Eng., 7th ed., Lon., 1854, i. 31, n. See also 33, n.; 101, n.;
105, n.
"No one of our historians," remarks Mr. Hallam, "has been so
severe on Mary's reign, except on a religious account, as Carte, on
the authority of the letters of Noailles. Dr. Lingard, though with
these letters before him, has softened and suppressed till this queen
appears honest and even amiable."-Ubi supra, 105, n.
6.
The extreme prejudice under which this amiable and respectable
author writes is a great drawback to his work. His history is far
more learnedly and carefully composed than any other of our
country; and yet, owing to his partiality, it leaves unsupplied the
blank admitted by all to have been left by Mr. Hume,-for we meet
in every one part of his narrative with the apologist or advocate
of the Pope and Popery. So Romish a history could hardly have
been supposed possible to have been written in this country, and
by a person of the most respectable character.”—Lord Brougham:
Political Philosophy, 2d ed., Lon., 1849, iii. 278, n.
His lordship cites, as instances of "the working of
1104
LIN
LIP
clerical prejudice in an accurate, and, generally speaking,
a liberal mind:" I. The historian's comments on that pro-
vision of the Constitutions of Clarendon which made a
clergyman triable for a crime before a civil or temporal
judge, (ubi supru, 210;) II. His apology for King John's
surrender of the kingdom into the hands of the Pope in
1213:
"Dr. Lingard, though he does not defend this base transaction,
Is anxious to extenuate it by all the means in his power. Nor can
any thing be conceived much more flimsy than the topics he resorts
to: for example, that the condition of vassalage was reckoned
honourable in those times."-Ubi supra, 211.
III. His remarkable defence of Mary, Queen of Scots:
"As for the Stuarts, Mr. Hume, with all his prepossessions and
his habitual love of kings and queens.' must be admitted to have
been very far surpassed by Dr. Lingard. The former had too mas
culine an understanding to let Mary's conduct pass unreproved.
The latter carries his partiality to the Romish queen so far that he
Iot only acquits her of all knowledge of Darnley's murder, but
of all belief that Bothwell was an object of suspicion, and of all
blame respecting his mock trial and scandalous escape: nay, he
canrot even bring himself to censure the marriage itself, looks
upon it as quite a becoming thing for a woman to marry a few
weeks after a husband's violent death, and seems quite satisfied
that a queen can be married by force: but, worse than all, he ap-
pears absolutely to be the apologist of Bothwell himself, and gives
an account of his end wholly different from all other writers.”—
Ubi supra, 278–279.
In our lives of Carte, Gibbon, Hume, Laing, and other
historians, we have quoted the recorded judgments of the
late Professor Smyth, of Cambridge; and his testimony is
entitled to too much respect to be properly omitted in an
impartial review of the merits and demerits of the author
now under consideration:
“Dr. Lingard has lately published a History of England; and
we have now, therefore, the views and reasonings of those who are
members of the Roman Catholic communion, presented to us by a
writer of great controversial ability. Dr. Lingard also consults
records and judges for himself, and his book must therefore be
always referred to on every occasion of importance. He tells the
story of England in too cold a manner, and it is truly the Roman
Catholic history of England; but his work is interesting, because
the reader knows that the writer is not only an able writer, but a
man of research and of antiquarian learning, and it therefore never
can be conjectured beforehand what may be the information which
he will produce or the sentiments that he will adopt. He some
times differs with his predecessors, even on general subjects, and
not always with good reason."-Lects. on Modern History, Lect. V.
Thus have we endeavoured to sum up with entire im-
partiality the evidence which has been offered for and
against the merits of Dr. Lingard's great historical work. |
The decision is now left to the jury,-that jury by whose
verdict, willing or unwilling, we must all at last abide.--
an enlightened public. Ourself the advocate of neither
party, we are confident that we cannot be properly charged
with injustice to either: not affecting to emulate the in-
difference of him who garnished his doorpost with the
Epicurean device of "No Religion," we trust that we
shall always carry unchallenged upon our critical shield
the more honourable motto, "No Bigotry nor Misrepre-
sentation Charity and Candour to all, Malevolence and
Asperity to none.
""
Lingard, Richard. 1. Serm., Lon., 1668, 4to. 2.
Letter to a Young Gentleman, 1673, 8vo.
Lingham, Edward J. Vindicia Lusitanicæ : Emi-
gration to the Brazils, 1808, Svo.
Lining, John, M.D., 1708-1760, a native of Scot-
land, practised in Charleston, South Carolina, for thirty
years. History of the Yellow Fever, Charleston, 1753.
The first account of that disease which was given to the
world from the American continent. See Thacher's Amer.
Med. Biog.; Miller; Ramsay.
Linley, Thomas, 1725?-1795, an eminent composer
of music, the father-in-law of Richard Brinsley Sheridan,
wus the author of a number of songs, ballads, elegies,
c., which were pub. with his son Thomas's pieces of a
similar character after the death of the former. See Dr.
Burney's Life of Linley in Rees's Cyc.
Linley, Thomas, Jr., 1756-1778, a composer of
music, has been noticed in the preceding article.
Linley, William, 1767?-1835, a composer of music,
brother of the preceding, wrote two comic operas, two
novels, a number of songs, &c., and edited the Dramatic
Songs of Shakspeare, in 2 vols. fol.
Linn, John Blair, D.D., 1777-1804, a native of
Shippensburg, Penna., assistant minister (to Dr. John
Ewing) of the First Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia,
was the author of Bourville Castle, or The Gallic Orphan,
a dramatic piece acted in New York City, 1797; 2 vols.
of miscellanies in prose and verse, 12mo, pub. anon.; a
poem on the death of Washington, 1800; The Powers of
Genius, a Poem, 1801, (2 edits., and reprinted in Eng-
land;) a Funeral Sermon on Dr. Ewing, 1802; two tracts
against the doctrine of Dr. Priestley, 1803, which elicited
two answers from Priestley; and Valerian, a narrative
poem in blank verse, pub. after his death, 1805, 4to. To
the latter publication is prefixed a memoir of the author
by his brother-in-law, Charles Brockden Brown, the
American novelist.
Linn, Samuel. An Analytical Index of Parallel
Reference to the Cases adjudged in the several Courts of
Penna.; with an Appendix, containing a collection of
Cases overruled, denied, doubted, or limited in their ap-
plication, Phila., 1857, Svo. The author has been encou-
raged in the preparation of this valuable work by Judges
Grier, Sharswood, Joel Jones, Burnside, and McClure,
and by Messrs. Meredith, Rawle, Porter, and Phillips.
Linn, W. The Legal and Commercial Common-
Place Book, Hartford, Svo.
Linn, William, D.D., 1752-1808, a native of Ship-
pensburg, Penna., father of John Blair Linn, D.D., was
one of the ministers of the Dutch Reformed Collegiate
He pub. several
churches in the city of New York.
occasional serms., a vol. of Discourses on the Leading
Personages of Scripture History, 1791, and a series of
sermons on the Signs of the Times, 1794.
Linne, Walter. Popish Kingdome, Lon., 1588, 4to.
Linnecar, Richard. Plays and Miscellanies, Leeds,
1789, 8vo. Three of the plays were pub. separately in
1789.
Linsley, D. C., of Middlebury, Vermont. Pre-
mium Essay on Morgan Horses, N. York, 1857, Svo. This
remarkable American breed of horses, descended from
Justin Morgan, is well known to farmers and other judges
of the noble animal.
Lintner, G. A., D.D., Lutheran pastor at Schoharie,
New York, co-editor of The Lutheran Magazine, 1827–28,
has pub. several serms., a Memoir of Rev. W. Gunn, &c.,
1827-55.
Linton, Anthonie. Art of Navigation, &c., 1609, 4to.
Linton, H. The Curate of Elindale, Lon., 1848. 12mo.
Linton, W. 1. Sketches in Italy, Lon., 1832, 2 vols.
imp. fol.: twenty-seven drawings, £12 12.; large paper,
Descriptions and a Map, 1857, demy 4to, £2 28.; r. 4to,
£18 188. 2. Illustrated Tour in Greece: Fifty Views, with
£4 48.
"With this comment by our side, Grecian history becomes a new
pleasure.”—L'm. Athenæum.
6.
Every one who knows Greece, or loves Greece, will be glad to
have this book."-Lon. Spectator.
Linwood. Policy of the Church of England an-
swered in David Calderwood's Altare Damascenum, 1708,
4to.
Linwood, Miss Mary. 1. Leicestershire Tales,
Lon., 1808, 4 vols. 12mo. 2. The Anglo-Cambrian; a
Poem, 1818, Sro.
Linwood, Rev. Wm., Ædis Christi apud Oxoniensis
Alumno. 1. Lexicon to Eschylus, Lon., 1843, Svo; 2d
ed., 1847, Svo.
"We have much pleasure in recommending the work to the
notice of students, who will derive very great assistance from it ia
the study of Eschylus."-Classical Museum, No. 1.
2. Suggestions for the Improvement of Gr. and Lat. Prose
Compositions, Lon., 1845, Svo. 3. Anthologie Oxoniensis,
1846, Svo. 4. Sophocles, with Notes for Students, 1848,
Sro. 5. Treat. on Greek Tragic Metres, 1855, 12mo.
Spine Pedum, [corns,] Edin., 1802, Svo.
Lion, or Lyon, Heyman, Chiropodist. Treat. on
Lions, John. Apology, Lon., 1708, Svo.
Lipeat, Thomas. True Ministry, Lon., 1651, 12mo.
Lippard, George, 1822-1854, a native of Chester
county, Penna. 1. Bel of Prairie Eden, Phila. 2. Blanche
of Brandywine. 3. Legends of Mexico. 4. Legends of
the Revolution, 1847. 5. Mysteries and Miseries of
6. Paul Ardenheim, 2 Pts. 7. The
Philadelphia, 2 Pts.
Empire City, N. York. S. The Nazarene, Phila. 9. The
Quaker City, 2 Pts.
"The scavenger's trade may be useful, but we don't like bir
company."-Lon. Athen.. 1845, 1014.
10. Washington and his Generals. 11. Midnight Queen,
N. York. His Life, and Choice Writings, were pub., Phila.,
1855, Svo.
Lippincott, Mrs. Sara Jane, formerly Miss
Clarke, better known by her nom de plume of Grace
Greenwood, was born at Pompey, Onondaga county,
New York. In 1853 she was married to Mr. Leander K.
Lippincott, of Philadelphia, where she now edits The
Little Pilgrim, a juvenile monthly periodical. She first
acquired reputation as the writer of some sprightly letters,
under the above nom de plume, to General George P.
70
1105
LIP
LIS
Morris and N. P. Willis, then editors of the New York
Mirror. Some poetical effusions, pub. under her real
name, met with a favourable reception, and the identity
of their authoress with the brilliant letter-writer could
not long remain a secret. This lady has published-1.
Greenwood Leaves; a Collection of Sketches and Letters,
1849, 12mo. 2. Second Series of do., 1851, 12mo. 3.
History of my Pets, 1850, 18mo. 4. Poetical Works,
1850, 12mo. 5. Haps and Mishaps of a Tour in Europe,
1852, 12mo. This work has reached its 8th ed. It is
severely criticized in the London Athenæum, Nov. 18,
1854, 1390-1391, (same art. in Boston Living Age, xliv.
101-103.) 6. Recollections of my Childhood, and other
Stories, 1851, sq. 7. Merrie England: Travels, Descrip-
tions, Tales, and Historical Sketches, 1855, 16mo. S. A
Forest Tragedy, and other Tales, 1856, 12mo. See Put-
nam's Mag., April, 1856, 435. 9. A New Book for Children,
with illustrations by Billings, announced for 1857. See
also, respecting Mrs. Lippincott and her writings, Gris-
wold's Female Poets of America; Read's Female Poets
of America; Hart's Female Prose Writers of America;
Mrs. Hale's Records of Woman; Woodworth's Amer.
Miscell.; N. Amer. Rev., lxviii. 428; The Female Poets
of America, by Mrs. Ellet.
"Miss Sara Clarke's Ariadné is worthy of Mrs. Norton."-H. T.
TUCKERMAN: Sketch of Amer. Lit.
"Her writings speak for themselves, and they have spoken
widely they are eminently characteristic; they are strictly na-
tional; they are likewise decisively individual.”— REV. HENRY
GILES.
Lipscomb, George, M.D., 1773-1846, a London
physician. 1. Journey into Cornwall, Warwick, 1799, 8vo.
2. Journey into South Wales, Lon., 1802, 8vo. 3. Hist. and
Antiq. of the Co. of Buckinghamshire, 1831, r. 4to, all pub.
Dr. L. also pub. a number of medical, topographical, theo-
logical, and other works. including several novels. See
Lon. Gent. Mag., 1847, Pt. 1, 88.
Lipscomb, Rev. William, pub. Poems, Letters, &c.,
Lon., 1784–94, and a modern version of Chaucer's Can-
terbury Tales, 1795, 3 vols. 8vo.
>
Liptrott, B. Serm., Lon., 1745, Svo.
Liptrott, John. Serms., 1724, 41, both Svo.
Lisle, Alicia, Lady. Dying Speech, 1689, 4to.
Lisle, Anna. 1. Self and Self-Sacrifice, Lon., 1857,
p. Svo.
"The style is good, as well as the matter of the book.”—Lon.
Literary Gazette.
2. Almost; or, Crooked Ways, 1857, p. 8vo.
Lisle, Edward. Philological Commentary; or, Il-
lustrations of Law Words, Lon., 1652, 12mo; 2d ed., en-
larged, 1658, 8vo.
Lisle, Edward. Observations on Husbandry, Lon.,
1756, 4to; 1757, 2 vols. 8vo; 1759, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Lisle's book has ever been very deservedly esteemed.”—Donald |
son's Agricult. Biog., 1854, 54. q. v.
Lisle, Emma de. Novels, Lon., 1809-12.
Lisle, Major J. G. Semple. 1. Memoirs of his
Life, 1799, 8vo. 2. Lett. to the Volunteers, 1804, 8vo.
Lisle, Samuel, d. 1749, Bishop of St. Asaph, 1743;
trans. to Norwich, 1748. Serms., 1734-48.
Lisle, William, d. 1637, Fellow of King's College,
Cambridge. 1. Divers Ancient Monuments in the Saxon
Tongue, Lon., 1623, 4to; 1638, 4to. 2. The Faire Ethio-
pian; a Poem, 1631, 4to. 3. Du Bartas's Ark, Babylon, Colo-
nies, and Columns; in French and English, with a Com-
ment. by S. G. S., 1637, 4to. See Athen. Oxon.; Har-
wood's Alumni Etonenses; Cens. Lit.
Lislet, L. Moreau. Digeste général des Actes de
la Législature Louisiane, N. Orleans, 1828, 2 vols. 8vo.
List, C. 1. Outlines of Astronomy, Phila., 1846, 18mo.
2. Outlines of Botany, 18mo. 3. Outlines of Natural Phi-
losophy, 1846, 18mo.
List, Frederick, 1789-1846, a native of Reutlingen,
Suabia, appointed Professor of Political Economy in the
University of Tübingen, 1817, subsequently emigrated to
Pennsylvania, and there discovered the Tamaqua coal-
mines; United States Consul for Leipzig, 1832; pub. his
National System of Political Economy, (in German,) 1841.
He died at Kufstein, in the Tyrol, whilst travelling for his
health. His National System of Political Economy was
trans. into French, with Notes, by Henri Richelot, Paris,
1851; and into English by G. A. Matile, D.C.L., Phila.,
1856, 8vo, pp. 497; including the notes of the French trans-
lation by Richelot, with a Sketch of the life of the author,
and an account of his literary labours, by Dr. Matile, and a
Preliminary Essay and Notes by Stephen Colwell. Mr. Col-
well's preface to this vol, contains a large amount of valuable
information, and should be carefully studied by every reader
who is interested in the important subject of which it treats. |
"Mr. Colwell's Essay." remarks an eminent English authority,
"deserves to be described as an introduction to the study of Political
Economy, since it reviews the entire body of the theories preceding
that of List."-Lon. Athenæum, 1856, 839.
A collective ed. of List's works, including the National
System of Political Economy, was pub. at Stuttgart and
Tübingen, in 1850, by Louis Hausser, Prof. of History in
the University of Heidelberg.
Lister, Charles.
College Chums; a Novel, Lon.,
1845, 2 vols. p. Svo.
Lister, Daniel. Law of Elections, Lon., 1828, 8vo.
Lister, J. Perfect Intonation, &c., Lon., 1812, 4to.
Lister, Rev. J. B. How to Succeed in Life, Lon.,
1856, 12mo.
Lister, Joseph, of Bradford. Autobiography, edited
by T. Wright, Lon., 1842, Svo.
Lister, Martin, M.D., 1638?-1712, Fellow of St.
John's College, Cambridge, 1660. 1. Historia Anima. un
Anglia: tres Tractatus, Lon., 1678, 4to; Ebor., 1681, Ito.
2. Historiæ sive Synopsis Conchyliorum, Lon., 1685-92, 2
vols. fol.; 1699, fol.; 3d ed., Oxf., 1770, fol. This ed. con-
tains 1095 plates, exclusive of the anatomical one,--also six
pages of Lister's Notes not to be found in the first ed. Re-
censuit et Indice locupletissimo instruxit L. W. Dillwyn,
Oxf., 1823, fol., £4 48. Index separate, 58. The value of
Lister's works is well known.
The figures are so accurate, and all are so characteristic, that
even to this day they are indispensable to the conchologist, and this
remarkable volume forms one of the most valuable and standard
works in this department of zoology."-SWAINSON.
A
Very copious and full of accurate delineations. '-Hallam's Lit.
Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, iii. 585, q. v.
See also pp. 592, 595, for notices of Lister's contributions
to geology and botany.
3. Excercitationes octo Medicinales, Lon., 1697, 12mo.
Lister pub. several works on shells, medical subjects, &c.;
many papers in Phil. Trans., 1671-97; and (4.) A Journey
to Paris in 1698, 1698, 8vo; 3d ed., 1699, Svo; new ed., with
life of the author by Geo. Henning, M.D., 1823, 8vo. Also
reprinted in Pinkerton's Voyages and Travels, vol. iv. It
was ridiculed by Dr. Wm. Kieg, in his Journey to London
in 1698, 1698, Svo. A review of Lister's amusing book,
with extracts, will be found in the Lon. Retrospec. Rev.,
1826, xiii. 95–109. The following extract will please our
bibliomaniacs of the present day:
“I was at an auction of books [in 1698] in the Rue St. Jacques,
where were about forty or fifty people, inost abbots and monks.
The books were sold with a great deal of trifling and delay, as with
us, and very dear."
For further accounts of Lister and his works see Athen.
Oxon.; Biog. Brit.; Granger's Biog. Hist. of Eng.; Granger's
Letters; Thomson's Hist. of the Royal Soc.; Lyson's En-
virons.
Th
Lister, Thomas. 1. Opposition Dangerous, 1798,
Svo. 2. Speech at Bible-Society, 1812, Svo.
Lister, Thomas Henry, 1801-1842, Registrar-
General of Births, Marriages, and Deaths, was a brother-
in-law of the Earl of Clarendon and of Lord John Russell.
See LEWIS, LADY MARIA THERESA VILLIERS.
1. Granby;
a Novel, Lon., 1826, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1838, 12mo, with a pre-
face, denying an assertion of the Lon. Quar. Rev. that
Granby was an imitation of Lord Normandy's Matilda.
Granby was completed four months before the appearance
of Matilda.
“A very agreeable and interesting novel."-REV. SIDNEY SMITH,
Edin. Rev., xliii. 395–406; and in his Works, Lon., 1854, ii. 453–467.
2. Herbert Lacy; a Novel, 1827, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 3. Epi-
charis; a Tragedy, 1829, Svo: performed at the Drury- Lane
Theatre.
Theatre. 4. Arlington; a Novel, 1832, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 5.
Life and Administration of Edward, first Earl of Claren-
don, with Original Corresp. and Authentic Papers never
before published, 1838, 3 vols. 8vo. See our Life of CLAREN-
DON, EDWARD HYDE, EARL OF, in this Dictionary. Lister's
work was reviewed very unfavourably by J. W. Croker, in
the Lon. Quar. Rev., lxii. 505-566. This elicited a response
from Mr. Lister, entitled An Answer to the Misrepresen-
tations contained in an article on Life of Clarendon, in No.
exxiv. of the Quarterly Review, 1839, Svo. We have seen
(p. 385 of this Dictionary) that the Edinburgh Review and
the Literary Gazette commended Mr. Lister's labours; and
we might have added to the list of eulogists The Gentle-
man's Magazine, The Atlus, and perhaps other authorities
equally respectable. See Lou. Gent. Mag., N. S., x. 115–
124, xl. 403.
Lister, Mrs. Thomas Henry.
MARIA THERESA VILLIERS.
See LEWIS, LADY
Lister, William. See LESTER.
Liston, Robert, 1794-1847, a native of Ecclesmachen,
Linlithgowshire, after practising surgery for some years in
Edinburgh, was, in 1834, appointed
surgeon to the North
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5
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his Saturday Magazine into a monthly journal, under the
title of (3.) THE MUSEUM OF FOREIGN LITERATURE AND
SCIENCE, in July, 1822, 96 pp. per month, $6 per annum.
For the first year of its existence this periodical was edited
by Robert Walsh, then editor of the (Philadelphia) Na-
tional Gazette; but after that time it was (with the excep-
" The additions of the American edition are numerous, and add tion of the year 1835) edited for twenty years (until the
materially to the value of the work."—Amer. Jour. of Med. Science. end of 1842, to vol. xlv. inclusive) by Mr. Littell, assisted
3. Lects. on the Operations of Surgery, &c., Lon., 8vo; for a portion of his time by his brother, Squier Littell, M.D.
Amer. ed., by Thos. D. Mütter, M.D., Prof. of Surgery in In 1843, The Museum was united with another work, was
the Jefferson Med. College, Philadelphia, Phila., Svo. 4. called THE ECLECTIC MUSEUM OF FOREIGN LITERATURE,
Memoir on the Crural Arch, Lon., 4to. Many of his lectures pub. in New York, and not edited by Mr. Littell, although
on lithotomy and other subjects were pub. in The Lancet.
be was half-owner of the joint work. In April, 1844, en-
Biographical notices of Mr. Liston will be found in Cham-couraged by Judge Story, Chancellor Kent, John Quincy
bers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, Adams, Messieurs Prescott, Bancroft, Ticknor, and other
v. 375-376; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1848, Pt. 1, 202-204; Dr. R. gentlemen deeply interested in the intellectual advance-
S. Mackenzie's ed. of Noctes Ambros., N. York, 1855, v.
ment of the country, this indefatigable caterer for the
5, 139, n.
public mind commenced, in Boston, the publication of (4.)
"NORTH. They say that when he [Liston] sets legs they "are
LITTELL'S LIVING AGE, 64 pp. double columns per week,
stronger than ever.
$6 per annum. Composed of extracts from the Edinburgh
(Quarterly) and other Reviews, and the best British maga-
zines and weekly periodicals, each weekly number of this
journal contains inore matter than the monthly numbers
of THE MUSEUM at the beginning. It makes four large
vols. per year, equal in quantity of matter to 13 vols. of
the Edinburgh or London Quarterly Review. After issuing
36 vols., a second series was commenced in April, 1853.
Vol. liii. of the whole work cominenced with April, 1857.
They are all now reposing on our library-shelves, and should
be in every collection in the country. The sale of THE
MUSEUM averaged about 2000 numbers monthly; that of
LITTELL'S LIVING AGE is over 5000 weekly. In July, 1855,
Mr. Littell commenced the publication, in Boston, of (5.) THE
PANORAMA OF LIFE AND LITERATURE, 144 pp. per mouth,
$3 per annum. This journal contains only half the amount
of matter comprised in THE LIVING Åge. It is meant to
be of a lighter character than the latter, excluding political
articles,-partaking more of the nature of THE MUSEUM.
We should not omit to state that, in addition to the periodi-
cals thus edited as well as published by Mr. Littell, he pub.,
(1.) THE RELIGIOUS MAGAZINE and SPIRIT OF THE FOREIGN
THEOLOGICAL JOURNALS, commenced in 1828, same plan
as THE MUSEUM, but confined to religious literature, edited
by the late Rev. George Weller. This magazine survived
until the expiration of the 4th vol., when it was gathered to
its fathers with the significant epitaph, "Very much liked,
but did not pay." About a year since, Mr. Littell was urged
by a person in New York to make another attempt to esta-
|blish a religious magazine of this character. 2. THE JOUR-
NAL OF FOREIGN MEDICAL SCIENCES Commenced in 1828,
same plan as THE MUSEUM, but confined to medicine, edited
by Squier Littell, M.D., (post,) 3 vols. pub.
Liszt, Mrs. Harriet Winslow, a native of Port-
land, Maine, married, in 1848, to Mr. Charles Liszt, of
Philadelphia, and since that period a resident of Boston,
is known as the author of stanzas To the Unsatisfied, pub.
in The Waif, (a collection of poems edited by H. W. Long- |
fellow,) and a poem entitled Morning and Night. It is a
marvel that one who writes so well should write (at least
publish) so little. See Read's Female Puets of America,
6th ed., 1855, 363-367.
|
"Lithgow's Travels are entertaining, and not ill written; but
they abound in the marvellous, and too often excite the smile of
incredulity."-Drakes Shakspeare and his Times.
"The chief interest of the book consists in the personal narrative
of the author.”—Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
"He is exceedingly particular in his geographical accounts of all
the countries he passes through.... Lithgow is very wroth against
the manners of Italy at the time he visited in that country.”—Re-
trospec. Rev., 1825, xi. 342-369.
Few men indeed have laboured so long and so success-
fully in the great cause of public education, and few, there-
fore, are so well entitled to the gratitude of their country-
men, as the subject of this notice. Many of them owe to
him their first introduction to the great minds of the past
half-century, the commencement of that profitable ac-
Read this interesting paper. See also Westm. Rev., xlvi.quaintance which hath soothed the pangs of sorrow, dis-
572; Phila. Mus., x. 202. The greater part of his Tra- pelled the gloomy shades of care, and made them wiser
vayles will be found in Morgan's Phoenix Britanuicus, a and better, happier and more contented, men.
notice of his Discourse on the Siege of Breda in Restituta,
and a biographical account of the author in Chambers and
Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, iii. 460 |
-464. See also Granger's Biog. Hist. of Eng.; Lowndes's
Bibl. Man., 1140.
Littell, John, a Quaker. 1. State of his Case, &c.,
by himself, Lon., 1753, Svo. 2. True Nature of Fasting,
1758, Svo.
London Hospital, and practised in the latter city with
great success and unbounded reputation until his death.
1. Principles of Surgery, Lon., 1833, 8vo; 4th ed., 1846,
8vo; Amer. ed., with Notes, &c. by Dr. Norris, Phila., 8vo.
2. Eleinents of Surgery; 2d ed., Lon., 1847, Svo; 4th
Amer. ed., by Samuel D. Gross, M.D., Phila., 8vo.
SHEPHERD.—' He's a wonderfu' operawtor, but I can scarcely
believe that.'"-Noctes Ambros., April, 1829. See also April, 1824,
and Oct. 1832.
Lite, Henry. The Light of Britayne; a Recorde of
the Honourable, Originall, and Antiquitie of Britaine,
1588, 8vo.
Lithgow, William, b. 1683, a native of Lanark, ac-
quired celebrity by walking over thirty-six thousand miles
through Europe, Asia, and Africa. He pub. some poetical
and other works, and the following, by which he is best
known: Rare Adventures and Painful Peregrinations of
long Nineteen Years Travayles from Scotland to the most
famous Kingdoms in Europe, Asia, and Africa, Lon., 1614,
'16, '23, '32, '40, 4to; 1682, Svo; 1692, 12mo; Edin., 1770,
8vo; 12th ed., Leith, 1814, Svo.
"To the wise I know it will be welcome, to the profound his-
torian yield knowledge, contemplation, and direction, and to the
understanding gentleman insight, instruction, and recreation.”
"I was going to say that Lithgow's book was as common as a
penny roll; and so it may be: but a copy of the first edition, uncul
and upon LARGE PAPER, (Ŭ che boccone!) such as Mr. Evans sold at
the sale of Mr. Watson Taylor's library for between 30 and 40 gui-
neas, is rarer than an unspotted turquoise of an inch in circum-
ference."-Dibdin's Lib. Cɔmp.
Litsfield, Edmund. On 0. Cromwell, 1654, fol.
Littell, Eliakim, b. Jan. 2, 1797, at Burlington, New
Jersey, may well claim the proud title of an eminent lite- |
rary benefactor to the public mind. He has published and
adited the following journals: 1. THE NATIONAL RE-
CORDER, commenced (at Philadelphia) Jan. 1819, 16 pp.
per week, $5 per annum. This periodical at first consisted
of selections from the newspapers, with the occasional in-
troduction of original matter. Invited by the literary
wealth of English journals, the editor was induced to
borrow largely from their pages; and the foreign element
soon became so important a feature of the work that its
original title was dropped as inappropriate, and altered to
(2.) THE SATURDAY MAGAZINE, in July, 1821, 24 pp. per
week, $5 per annum. In this periodical were first pub. in
America Confessions of an English Opium-Eater; and in
the pages of this journal and its predecessor many of our
elderly readers first made the acquaintance of Charles
Lamb. A trial of one year proved to Mr. Littell the in-
convenience of continuing long copied articles from one
week to another, and he therefore determined to change
Littell, John Stockton,b. at Burlington, New Jer: y,
a resident of Germantown, Penna., is a brother of Eliakim
and Squier Littell. He has edited-with biographical and
historical notes-Alexander Graydon's Memoirs of his Owa
Times, Phila., 1846, Svo, and Alexander Garden's Anec-
dotes of the American Revolution, and pub. A Sketch of
the Life, Public Services, and Character of Henry Clay.
We hope that Mr. Littell will favour the reading public
with some of the results of his researches into the unwrit-
ten passages of the Revolutionary period of this country.
Littell, Squier, M.D., b. 1803, at Burlington, New
Jersey, a brother of Eliakim and John Stockton Littell, has
acquired extensive reputation from his learned investiga-
tions into the nature, the probable causes, and modes of
cure, of diseases of the eye. He has filled the responsible
post of Surgeon to Wills's Hospital (Philadelphia) for Dis-
eases of the Eye, from the opening of the Institution, in
1834, to the present time, (1857.) 1. Manual of Diseases
of the Eye; or, A Treatise on Ophthalmology, Phila., 1837,
12mo; 2d ed., 1846, 12mo; with Notes by Hugh Houston,
Lon., 1838, fp. Svo; 1840, 12mo. -
"Our limits will not allow us to notice the work of Dr. Littell in
detail; but, after an attentive perusal of the volume, we confidently
1107
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is
recommend it to the senior as well as junior members of the pro-
lession. It is replete with information, yet so terse in style and
compressed in bulk as at once to entice and repay perusal. The
descriptions are short, but comprehensive, while the treatment
characterized by great prudence. He has introduced almost all that
is valuable, and every thing absolutely necessary to the student,
within the compass of 250 small pages; and we would deliberately
recommend our young friends to read this work before encountering
the voluminous treatises of Lawrence, Travers, Mackenzie, Middle-
more, &c.”—Brit, and For. Med. Rev.
2. Haynes Walton's Treatise on Operative Ophthalmic
Surgery, 1st Amer. from 1st Lon. ed., Phila., 1853, Svo.
See WALTON, HAYNES. 3. Illustrations of the Prayer-
Bok, by a Layman, Phila., 32mo. Dr. Littell, as we have
already stated, (see LITTELL, ELIAKIM,) edited, in 1828-29,
the Journal of Foreign Medical Science, and was con-
nected for some years with the editorial department of his
brother's Museum of Foreign Literature and Science: he
also edited, for a number of years, The [Philadelphia] Ban-
ner of the Cross, has been a contributor to the Medical Exa-
miner and other journals connected with his profession,
and is the author of many articles, in prose and verse, pub.
in the literary periodicals of the day.
Littell, William, LL.D., d. 1825, a native of
Jersey, but for many years an eminent member of the Ken-
tucky Bar, was second-cousin to the two preceding. 1. The
Statute Law of Kentucky, &c., Ky., 1808-19, 5 vols. 8vo.
2. A Digest of the Statute Law of Kentucky, 1822, 2 vols.
Svo. 3. Reports of Cases at Com. Law and in Chanc. de-
cided by the Ct. of Appeals of Ky., 1822-24, Frankf., 1822-196.
24, 4 vols. 8vo. 4. Selected Cases from the Decisions of
the Ct. of Appeals of Ky., 1795–1825, 1824, Svo. 5. Fes-
toons of Fancy; consisting of Essays, Humorous, Senti-
mental, and Political, in Verse and Prose, 1 vol. Dr. Lit-
tell, who was an early associate of Clay, Grundy, and other
prominent men of the day, occasionally relieved his more
abstruse studies by such essays as those just noticed, and
by contributions to a number of literary and political pe-
Littleton, E. Latin Oration, &c., Lon. 1664, '92.
Littleton, or Lyttleton, Edward, Lord-Keeper of
the Great Seal of England, 1589-1645, succeeded Lord
Keeper Finch in 1641.
Keeper Finch in 1641. He pub. some speeches and politi
cal pamphlets, 1641-42, and his name is appended to Re-
Newports C. P. and Ex., 1683, fol. Many of the cases are the
same as in Hetley's Reports verbatim. See Clarendon's
Ilist. of the Rebellion; Lloyd's State Worthies; Lloyd's
Memoirs; Athen. Oxon.; Park's Walpole's R. and N.
Authors; Biog. Brit.; Bridgman's Leg. Bibl.; Marvin's
Leg. Bibl.; Lord Campbell's Lives of the Lord Chancel-
lors and Keepers; Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 192-
Littleton was descended by a collateral branch from
the author of The Tenures.
Littleton, Edward. War with Hungary, 1689, 4to.
Littleton, Edward, LL.D., d. 1734, Vicar of Maple-
durham, Oxfordshire. 1. Serm., Lon., 1731, 4to. 2. XXIV.
Serms., 1735, 2 vols. Svo. Two of his poems are in Dods-
ley's Collection, 1782, edited by Isaac Reed. See his
Life, by Morell, prefixed to the XXIV. Serms.; Life of
Dr. John Burton; Dodsley's Poems, vol. vi.
Littleton, Lyttleton, Luttelton, or Luttleton,
Sir Thomas, d. August 23, 1481, aged about 60, the
celebrated author of Les. Tenures, was the eldest son of
Thomas Westcote, Esq., of the county of Devon, Esq., by
Elizabeth, the daughter and sole heiress of Thomas De
Littleton, of Fraukley, Worcestershire, Esq., whose name
and arms he took. On leaving the University, he removed
to the Inner Temple and became one of the readers of
that Society; was appointed, by Henry VI., Steward or
Judge of the Court of the Palace, or Marshalsea of the
King's Household; made King's Sergeant, 1455, one of
the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, 1466, Knight
of the Bath, 1475. Littleton's great work on English
Tenures, written in Norman French, has been already re-
ferred to in our life of Lord Edward Coke, in this Dictionary;
and to that article and the references attached to it, the
article CARY, HENRY, (p. 351,) and the following authorities,
we must send the reader for further information respecting
"the principal pillar on which the superstructure of the
law of real property in Great Britain is supported." The
1st ed. of The Tenures is without date, but supposed to
have been printed in 1481, London, fol. The late eds.
(Tenures without Coke's Comment.) are-in English, from
the 2d ed. of Coke Littleton, with Notes and Pref. by H.
B. Kerr, Lon., 1813, 12mo; in English, from the Rohan
ed., with Notes by H. Roscoe, 1825, 12mo; in English,
new ed., 1831, 18mo; 2d ed., 1845, 24mo; in English, with
Explanatory Notes, 1846, 8vo; in French and English, by
T. E. Tomlins, 1841, Svo. The eds. in French and English
are more numerous than those of any law-book, except
perhaps those of the Corpus Juris Civilis and its compo-
nent parts. See Lord Coke's Pref. to his Comment., Har-
grave's First and Second Addresses to the Public, and
Charles Butler's Pref. to 13th ed. of Coke upon Littleton;
(these are reprinted in the 19th London ed., and in R. H.
Small's ed., Phila., 1853, 2 vols. 8vo;) 4 Reeves's Hist.
Eng. Law, 113; Fulbeck's Preparative, 71; Blaxland's
Codex, 126; Pref. 10 Reports, 30; Ritso's Law Educ., 162;
1 Butler's Reminis., 115; 1 Bart. Conv., 17; North's Study
of the Law, 11-72; Crabb's Hist., 425; Godbolt, 297;
Willes, 332; McClel. and Y. Rep., 193; Young and J.
| Rep., 618; 1 Kent Com., 503; Hoff. Leg. Stu., 221-230;
No. 54 Law Mag., 286; 3 Law Mag., 152; Bridgman's
Leg. Bibl.; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 467, (from whom many of
these references are taken;) Camden's Britannia; Bp.
Nicolson's Eng. Hist. Lib., 169; Plowden, 58; 2 Angell's
Law Intell., 266; Pref. to Henry Cary's ed. of Comment.,
(see p. 351 of this Dictionary:) Dibdin's Typ. Antiq. of
G. Brit. We observe that Lord-Keeper Guilford (North's
life of his lordship) recommends that Littleton be first rend
Little, William, b. 1136, at Bridlington, Yorkshire,
wrote a Hist. of England from 1066 to 1197, which pos-
sessed considerable merit. Little was a monk of New-
borough Abbey, and is therefore sometimes called Nau-
brigensis.
Littlebury, Rev. Isaac. Herodotus, in English; 2d
ed., Lon., 1720, 2 vols. 8vo. A good translation.
Littlehales, Rev. Richard. 1. Review of the
Liturgy and XXXIX. Articles, 1813, 8vo; 1815, 12mo. 2.
The XXXIX. Articles Confirmed by Texts of Scripture, 1815.
Littlejohn, P. 1. The Mistake; a Novel, Lon., 1800,
3 vols. 12mo. 2. Henry and the Cypher, 12mo.
|
riodicals.
Little, Capt. George. 1. American Cruiser, Bost.,
12mo. 2. Life on the Ocean, 12mo.
Little, Rev. James. Papers on Natural Philosophy,
&c. in Trans. Irish Acad. and Nic. Jour., 1796-1811.
Little, James, R.N. Malignant Ulcer, Lon., 1809,
8vo.
Little, John. Mountain Sheep, &c., Edin., 1813, Svo.
"The divisions of the matter are rather many; but the subject
of each is concisely treated and satisfactorily dismissed."-Donald
son's Agricull. Biog., 104.
Little, John A. Autobiography of a New Church-
man, Phila., 12mo.
Little, Robert. Serms., &c., 1800, '01, '05.
Little, Sophia L., b. 1799, at Newport, R.I., a
daughter of Hon. Asher Robbins, married, in 1824, to Mr.
William Little, Jr., of Boston, where she has since resided,
has contributed many pieces to periodicals, and pub. the
following poetical works: 1. The Last Days of Jesus, 1839.
2. The Annunciation and Birth of Jesus, and The Resurrec-
tion, 1842. 3. The Betrothed, and The Branded Hand,
1844. In 1843, she pub. a prose work, entitled (4.) The
Pilgrim's Progress in the Last Days, in imitation of Bun-
See Griswold's Female Poets of America, 2d ed.,
yan.
1853, 107.
from the Latin and Greek, and some learned philological
works, of which the principal is a Latin-English and
English-Latin Dictionary, 1678, '85, '93, 1703, '15, 4to;
6th and best ed., 1723, 4to. Littleton was dictating his
Dictionary to his amanuensis, and when they reached the
word concurro, "Concurro,-to concur, I suppose," re-
marked the youth. "To concur,-to condog!" replied
the lexicographer. The scribe took him at his word; and
in the first ed., and in at least one copy of the 3d ed.,
(1693,) it still stands, "To concur,-to condog." For an
account of Littleton and his works, see Athen. Oxon.;
Biog. Brit.; Pref. to Ainsworth's Latin Dict.; Lyson's En-
virons, vol. ii.
"Vir egregiè doctus, multiplici literatura excultus, eoque doctis
bonisque plurimi factus est et adamantus.”—HUMPHREY HENCHMAN,
Bp. of London.
Little, Thomas, i.e. MoORE, THOMAS.
Little, W. J. 1. On Club-Foot and Distortions of
the Limbs, Lon., 1839, 8vo.
"A most comprehensive and complete description of the causes,
varieties, and treatment of club-foot."-Lancet.
Also highly commended by the Brit. and For. Med. Rev.;
Lon. Med. Gaz.; Lon. Med. Times. 2. On Ankylosis, or
Stiff Joint, 1843, 8vo.
Littleton. See LYTTLETON.
Littleton, Mr. German Sorcerers, 1804, 3 vols.
Littleton, Adam, D.D., 1627-1694, a native of
Shropshire, educated at Christ Church, Oxford, Rector of
Chelsea, and Preb. of Westminster, 1674, pub. 61 Serms.,
Lon., 1680, ful., some theological treatises and translations
1108
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LIV
without Coke's Commentary; Judge Sharswood (Profes-
sional Ethics, Phila., 1853, 123) gives the same advice; and
our experience-though a layman's opinion should be
modestly proffered-endorses the wisdom of this dictum.
Indeed, this is Coke's own advice to the reader :-to read
Littleton by himself, again and again, and strive to under-
stand him without recourse to the Commentary. But it
would be a great error to suppose that the student is to
be satisfied with one or two perusals of The Tenures. He
must revert to it constantly.
"The very adepts in the law are not ashamed frequently to read
it. I knew a Lord-Keeper [we may imagine who this wae] that
read it every Christmas, as long as he lived."-ROGER NORTH.
"Thomas Littleton. alias Westcote, the famous lawyer, to whose
Treatise of Tenures the students of the Common Law are no less
beholden than the Civilian to Justinian's Institutes.”—Camden's
Britannia.
"Littleton, out of the great books of the law, gathered the most
special Cases, which were either generally agreed upon, or by the
Court awarded to be law, or else in all ages received for positive
rules His book, doubtless, is of such singularity that Littleton is
not now the name of a lawyer, but of the law itself."-FULBECK.
Lord Hobart went quite as far as this when he would
not allow Littleton's authority to be questioned, declaring
that
The sayings of Master Littleton are adjudged for law, and are
judgments."
This is something more than he of The Tenures claimed
for himself:
“Aud know, my son, that I would not have thee believe all which
I have said in these books is law, for I will not presume to take
this upon me. But, of those things that are not law, inquire and
learn of my wise masters learned in the law."-Epilogus: to his
son, for whose benefit The Tenures were written.
The intelligent readers of the author of The Tenures and
his learned commentator will share with Mr. Hargrave
in
"His veneration for the name of Littleton and Coke, his admi-
ration of their writings, his persuasion that an attentive con-
templation of them, by the improvement it must produce, will be
its own reward.”—First Address Pref. to Coke on Littleton.
But it is hardly worth while to quote any more testi-
monies to the value of this work: in the words of Charles
Butler,
"The reputation of LITTLETON'S TREATISE ON TENURES is too well
established to require any mention of the praises which the most
respectable writers of our country have bestowed on it. No work
on our laws has been more warmly or generally applauded by
them.”—Pref. to 13th ed. Coke on Lilleton.
Mr. Butler proceeds to observe,
"But some foreign writers have spoken of it in very different
terms.'
>>
"If it were proper to enter into a further defence of Littleton, it
might be done by observing that it must be a matter of great doubt
whether Hottoman ever saw, or Gatzert more than saw, the work
they so severely censure. Hottoman. if he had read it, might think
it inelegant and absurd; but he could not think it malicious or in-
dicative of a disposition to slander."
Lord Coke did not let Hottoman off so easily:
"It is a desperate and dangerous matter." exclaims his indignant
lordship, "for Civilians and Canonists (I speak what I know, and
not without just cause) to write either of the Common Laws of
England, which they profess not. or against them, which they know
not.
And for Littleton's Tenures I affirm, and will maintain
against all opposites whatever, that it is a work of absolute per-
fection in its kind, and as free from error as any book that I have
known to be written of human learning."
His lordship at a later period repeats his challenge, and
dismisses Littleton's detractors with the following com-
plimentary assurances :
"Such as in words have endeavoured to offer him disgrace never
understood him, and therefore we leave them in their ignorance.
and wish that by these our labours they may know the truth and
be converted. But herein we will proceed no further: for Stultum
est absurdas opiniones accuratus repellere: it is mere folly to con-
fute absurd opinions with too much curiosity.”—Pref. to Coke's
"In what respect is Mr. Livermore's learned Treatise on the Law
of Principal and Agent inferior to those recently sent from the
English bar?"-JUDGE STORY: Lit. of the Maritime Law: Miscell.
Works, 1852, 119.
See also 12 Analec. Rev., 220; 22 Amer. Jur., 478; 2
Kent's Com., 647; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 470. 2. Disserts.
on the Questions which arise from the Contrariety of the
Positive Laws of different States and Nations, N. Orleans,
1828, Sro. This subject-The Conflict of Laws-was
afterwards more fully treated by Judge Story. Mr. Liver-
more's work, though not sufficiently methodical, is very
able. See Robertson on Personal Succ., 77, n.; 1 Amer.
After an examination of some of the objections thus Jur., 140; 2 Kent's Com., 454, n.; Marvin's Leg. Bibl.,
470.
referred to, Mr. Butler continues:
Comment.
Having thus satisfactorily despatched the enemy, and
unchecked by any apprehension of carping criticism, his
lordship gives his enthusiasm full play, and proceeds to
inform the awe-struck tyro, whilst he detains him a while
in wondering admiration at the portals of wisdom, that
"Certain it is that there is never a period. nor (for the most part)
a word. nor an &c., but affordeth excellent matter of learning.
And it is to be observed that every word of Littleton is
worthy of observation."
..
His lordship concludes his glowing eulogy with an ir-
ref:able declaration:
"And albeit the reader shall not at any one day (do what he
can) reach to the meaning of our author or of our Commentaries,
yet let him noway discourage himself, but proceed; for on some
other day, in some other place, that doubt will be cleared."
|
remain an impenetrable mystery to the end of his pilgrim-
age upon earth.
Litton, Edward Arthur, Perpetual Curate of
Stockton Heath, and Vice-Principal of St. Edmund Hall,
Oxford. The Church of Christ in its Idea, Attributes, and
Ministry, Lon., 1851.
"Containing the result of much research and the fruits of wis
dom, piety, and earnestness.”—Ch. and State Goz.
Lively, Edward, d. 1605, Prof. of Hebrew and Di-
vinity in the Univ. of Cambridge, appointed one of the
translators of the present English version of the Scrip-
tures. Annotationes in Hoseam, Joelem, Amos, Abdiam, et
Jonam, Lon., 1587, 8vo. Repub. in the Critici Sacri, and
extolled by Poole in Pref. to vol. iii. of the Synopsis.
"Simon sneers in his usual way at the attention which Lively
pays to the literal meaning. He has, however, overlooked the
spiritual design of the prophecies."-Orme's Bibl. Bíb.
2. Chronologia of the Persian Monarchie, &c., 1597, 8vo.
Livermore, Rev. Abiel Abbot, of Cincinnati,
Ohio. 1. The Marriage Offering, Bost., 16mo. 2. Com-
ment. on the Acts, 1844, 1 vol. 3. Lects. to Young Men,
1847, 1 vol.
1847, 1 vol. 4. The War with Mexico Reviewed, 1850,
12mo. 5. Comment. on the Four Gospels, 1850, 2 vols.
See Chris. Exam., xxxvii. 252, (by R. P. Stebbins.) 6.
Discourses, 1854, 12ino.
We call this assertion irrefutable; for certainly no man
can prove that what is in mprehensible to him now will
"Characterized by good sense and a vigorous and manly tone
of thought, and by genial, generous, and Christian feeling. It will
be a valuable addition to this department of religious literature."
-Christian Register.
7. Epistle of Paul to the Romans, with a Comment, and
Revised Trans. and Introduc. Essays, 1855, 12mo, pp. 256.
As an aid in understanding and appreciating the true spirit of
the Epistle, we know of no work which could take the place of the
one before us."-Christian Register.
•
Livermore, Samuel, an eminent lawyer of New
Orleans. 1. Treat. on the Law of Principal and Agent,
and of Sales by Auction, Bost., 1811, Svo; Balt., 1818, 2
vols. 8vo.
Liverpool, Earl of. See JENKINSON, CHARLES;
Lord Brougham's Contrib. to Edin. Rev., 1856, i. 385–
393; McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ., 1845, 118, 172;
Lon. Month. Rev., cxiv. 531; Ann. Regis., iv. 194:
Blackw. Mag., Index, vols. i.-1.
Livesey, James. Serms., 1657, '60, '74.
Livesey, John. Mechanics' Churches, Lon., 1840.
Svo.
Living, W. Curio to Fuluius, Lon., 1576, Svo.
Livingston, Edward, 1764–1836, a native of Cler-
mont, Livingston Manor, New York, graduated at Prince-
ton College, 1781, United States District Attorney, and
Mayor of the city of New York, removed to New Orleans
in 1804, and became a member of the Legislature; elected
to the National House of Representatives, 1823-29; to
the Senate of the United States, 1829; Secretary of State,
under President Jackson, 1831; Minister to France, 1833;
died at the family-seat at Red Hook. 1. Judicial opinions
delivered in the Mayor's Court of the City of New York,
| 1802. 2. The Batture Case at New Orleans, 1808, Svo,
Jefferson's pamphlet of 1812-1814.
N. Orleans. 3. The Batture Case; in answer to President
4. Report made to
the General Assembly of the State of Louisiana of the
Plan of the Penal Code for the said State. N. Orleans,
1822, 8vo. Reprinted in London, 1824; in French, Paris,
1825, Svo. Reviewed by Caleb Cushing in N. Amer.
Rev., xvii. 242–268. 5. A System of Penal Law for the
State of Louisiana, N. Orleans, 1826, in English; also
pub. in French. In English, Phila., 1854, r. Svo, pp. 745.
'A work of singular acuteness and philosophical precision, and
in the highest degree creditable to his genius and industry."-
JUDGE STORY: N. Amer. Rev., xxiii. 23.
"L
C:
Few have discharged more fully than Mr. Livingston that
debt which Bacon holds every one to owe to his profession. In
addition to an honest and liberal practice, he has indeed, to use
the language of that great man, visited and strengthened the
roots and foundation of the science itself: he has graced it in repu
tation and dignity and amplified it in profession and substance."
-ILENRY D. GILPIN: N. Amer. Rev., xliii. 297–336, q. v.
See also 2 Rev. Etrun., 208; Westm. Rev.. iii. 58;
1109
LIV
LLO
I
Democrat. Rev., ix. 1, 211; Phila. Mus., vi. 302; Hoff.
Leg. Stu., 439; Butler's Inaug. Ad., N. York Univ., 27;
1 U. S. Law Jour., 259; C. E. A. Gayarre's pamphlet on
Livingston's Code, N. Orleans, 1825; LEWIS, SETH. 6. A
System of Penal Law for the United States of America,
Washington, 1828, fol. For further notices of this emi-
nent legal writer and statesman, see National Portrait-
Gallery of Distinguished Americans, Phila., 1853, vol. iv.;
Judge C. P. Daly's Histor. Sketch of the Judicial Tribu-
nals of N. York, 1623-1846; Lieber's Hermeneutics, Bost.,
1839, 47; Lon. Athen., 1835, 12; Democrat. Rev., viii.
366.
Livingston, John, 1603-1672, minister at Ancrum,
Scotland, and subsequently pastor of the Scots congrega-
tion at Rotterdam. 1. Letters from Leith, to his Parish-
ioners, 1633, 4to; 1673, 4to. 2. His Life, by himself,
Glasg., 1754, 12mo. 3. Lives of Eminent Scottish Divines,
1754, 8vo. See Biog. Scotiana; Chambers and Thomson's
Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, iii. 464–471.
Livingston, John. Rheumatic Pains; Annals of
Med., 1801.
Livingston, John. Law Register: containing a
Complete List of Lawyers in the U. States, N. York, 1856,
imp. 8vo, pp. 356.
Livingston, John H., D.D., 1746–1825, great-great-
grandson of John Livingston, minister of Ancrum, (ante,)
was a native of Poughkeepsie, N. York, and educated in
Holland; pastor of the Dutch Reformed Church, city of
N. York, 1770-1810; Theological Professor in the Dutch
Church, 1784-1810; President of Queen's College, New
Brunswick, 1810-25. He pub. three serms. in The Ame-
rican Preacher, vols. i. and iii.; one before the N. York
Missionary Society, 1799; Address at the Commencement
of Queen's College, 1810; Dissert. on Marriage with a
Sister-in-Law, N. Brunswick, 1816, Svo. See his Life,
Alexander Gunn, N. York, 1829, 8vo; Amer. Quar. Reg.,
vii. 217.
Livingston, M. Patronus Redux, Edin., 1682, 4to.
Livingston, Robert R., 1746-1813, graduated at
King's College, N. York, 1765; member of the National
Congress, 1776, and one of the committee for drawing up
the Declaration of Independence; Secretary for Foreign
Affairs, 1781; Chancellor of New York until 1801, and in
the latter year appointed by President Jefferson Minister-
Plenipotentiary to Paris. 1. Oration before the Cincin-
nati, July 4, 1787. 2. Address to the Society for Pro-
moting the Arts, 1808. 3. Essays on Agriculture. 4.
Essay on Sheep, Lon., 1811, Svo. See Sparks's Diplomatic
Corresp. of the Revolution; Phila. Mus., iii. 107; Judge
Story's Life and Letters, 1851, i. 167, 446; Works of
Daniel Webster, 1853, i. 126, 201, vi. 6.
►
Livingston, Thomas, M.D. Med. treatises in Ess.
Phys. and Lit., 1756.
"
"These plates are by far the best of the kind wo nave seen.'
Lon. Lancet.
2. On Extraction of the Ovaria, fol. 3. System of
Practical Surgery: Pt. 1, 1838, 8vo; Pt. 2, 1839; 2d ed.,
complete, 1847. 4. Edinburgh General Atlas of the World,
5. Structure of the Urethra, &c., 1851,
1840, fol., £6 69.
Svo; 3d ed., 1854, Svo.
Lizars, W. 1. Guide to Edinburgh and Vicinity,
Edin., 12mo. 2. Scottish Tourist; 20th ed., 1850, 12mo.
3. Views of the Principal Towns and Cities of Scotland,
1843, ob.
Llanvædonon, William. Exposition of the Se-
cond Psalm, Lon., 1655, 4to.
Llewelin, David. Serm., Lon., 1678, 4to.
Llewellin, Edward.
The best work of the kind hitherto published in Great Britain"
—Edin. Med, and Surg. Jour.
1110
Meditations on Several Texts
of Scripture, York, 1650, 4to.
Llewellyn, Llwelyn, or Lluellin, Martin, M. D.
1. Men Miracles, with other Poems, Lon., 1641, '56, sm.
Svo; 1679, Svo. 2. Verses to Charles II., &c., 1660, fol.
Other poetical compositions. See Athen. Oxon.; Neele's
Lects. on Eng. Poetry, 203.
1. Historical
Llewellyn, Thomas, LL.D., d. 1796.
Account of the British or Welsh Versions and Editions
of the Bible, Lon., 1768, Svo. 2. Historical and Critical
Remarks on the British Tongue, &c., 1769, Svo.
A Novel, 1813, 4 vols.
1791, 4 vols. 8vo.
Llewellyn, Rev. Wm. Tracts on different subjects,
Other theolog. works, 1783-1801.
Llewellyn. See LLYWELYN.
Llewelyn, Mrs.
Lloid. See LLOYD.
Lloyd. Con. to Med. Obs. and Ing., 1784.
Lloyd, Bartholomew, D.D., 1772-1837, Prof. of
Mathematics in, and subsequently Provost of, the Univ.
of Dublin. Discourses, chiefly Doctrinal, Lon., 1822, Svo.
See a biographical account of Dr. Lloyd in Dubl. Univ.
Mag.. xi. 111-121.
Lloyd, Bartholomew C., and Francis Goold.
1. Reports of Cases in Irish Chancery temp. Sugden,
1835, Lon., 1836, Svo. 2. Do. temp. Plunket, Dubl.,
1839, Svo. See 18 Amer. Jur., 334.
Lloyd, Charles, the friend of Charles Lamb, was the
1. Poems, Lon., 1796, 8vo. 2. Poem, 1796, 4to. 3. Poems,
son of Charles Lloyd, a wealthy banker of Birminghaan.
mund Oliver; a Novel, 1798, 2 vols. 12mo.
with some of Charles Lamb's, (q. v.,) 1798, 12mo. 4. Ed-
5. Letter to
the Anti-Jacobin Reviewers, 1799, 8vo. 6. Lines, 1799,
4to. 7. Duke d'Ormond, a Tragedy; and Beritola, a
Tale, 12mo.
12mo.
S. Poetical Essays on the Character of Pope,
the Italian, 13 vols. 12mo.
9. The Tragedies of Vittorio Alfieri; trans. from
"Alfieri's fables are all admirably contrived and completely de-
veloped; his dialogue is copious and impressive, and his characters
all deliver natural sentiments with great beauty, and often with
great force of expression."-REV. SYDNEY SMITH: Edin. Rev., vol.
XV.
Livingston, William, LL.D., 1723-1790, a native
of Albany, N. York, graduated at Yale College, 1741, was
a member of the National Congress in 1774, and Governor
of New Jersey from 1776 until his death; pub. a number
of excellent political tracts, &c.; a poem, entitled Philo-
10. Nuga Canoræ: Poems, 1819, 12mo. Reviewed in
Blackw. Mag., vi. 154. 11. Desultory Thoughts in London,
Titus and Gisippus, with other Poems, 1821, 12mo. Re-
viewed by Sir T. N. Talfourd in the London Magazine:
sophical Solitude, 1747; A Review of the Military Opera-reprinted in bis Crit. and Miscell. Writings. In bis Life of
Charles Lamb, Talfourd remarks:
tions in North America, 1753-1756, 1757, (a defence of
Governor Shirley) and a Funeral Eulogium on President
Burr, 1758. See Memoirs of his Life, with Extracts from
his Correspondence, by Theodore Sedgwick, Jr., [his great-
grandson,] N. York, 1833, Svo. See Lon. Athen., 1833,
578; Amer. Quar. Rev., xiv. 1; Amer. Quar. Reg., iv. 177.
Livingston, William, M.D. Con. to Mem. Med.,
1792.
Livingstone, David, D.D. Missionary Journals
and Researches [for nineteen years] in South Africa, in-
cluding a Narrative of Sixteen Years' Residence in the
heart of Africa, and a Journey from Loando, on the West
Coast, to the mouth of the river Zambezy, on the East.
With illustrations, Lon., 1857. All of the books pub...
under this name, save Mr. Murray's and the reprints
from his issue, are spurious. See Mr. Murray's and Dr.
Livingstone's letters to this effect in the London Athen-
æum, Mar. 21, 1857, 364, 375.
Lizars, A. J. 1. Operation for Squinting, Lon.,
1840, 8vo. 2. Text-Book of Anatomy for Junior Students,
1844, 12mo.
Lizars, John. 1. Anatomical Plates of the Human
Body, Edin., 1822-26, r. fol., £5 58.; 2d ed., 1841, r. fol.,
£12 128.; 3d ed., 1856, fol., £5. Supp., separate, £1 18.
· Well deserving the attention of the anatomical student.”—Lon
Med-Chir. Rev.
facility fatal to excellence; but his mind was chiefly remarkable
"He wrote, indeed, pleasing verses and with great facility,-a
for the fine power of analysis which distinguishes his London, and
other of his later compositions. In this power of discriminating
has scarcely been equalled; and his poems, though rugged in point
and distinguishing, carried to a pitch almost of painfulness, Lloyd
of versification, will be found, by those who read them with the
calm attention they require, replete with critical and moral sug-
gestions of the highest value."
..
He had considerable vigour and originality, but was involved
and deficient in directness."-Moir's Sketches of the Poet. Lit. of the
Past Half-Century.
"His poems do not place him in the class of powerful poets:
they are loosely conceived,-faultily, even, at times, and not
finished in the execution.”—De Quincy's Literary Keminiscences,
for an interesting account of Lloyd.
See also Southey's Life and Corresp.; Lamb's Life and
Letters; Lon. Month. Rev., xeii. 284, xcvi. 403, ci. 292.
Lloyd, Charles. Two Serms., 1808, Svo.
Lloyd, Charles, LL.D. Travels at Home, and
Voyages at the Firoside, Lon., 1814, 2 vols. 12mo. Other
works.
Lloyd, Charles. Factory-Bill, Lon., 1843, 8vo.
Lloyd, Rev. David. The Legend of Capt. Jones.
See JONES, CAPT.
Lloyd, David, 1625–1691, a native of Merionethshire,
Canon of St. Asaph, a zealous loyalist, pub. several bio-
graphical and historical works, of which the principal are
(1) The Statesmen and Favourites of England since the
Reformation, Lon., 1665-70, 8vo. New ed., by Chas. Whit.
LLO
LLY
}
worth, 1766, 2 vols. 8vo. 2. Memoirs of Excellent Per-
sonages, &c., 1668, fol. See Athen. Oxon.; Whitworth's
Preface; Cens. Lit.
Lloyd, Rev. David. 1. The Voyage of Life; a
Poem, Lon., 1792, 8vo; 1813, 8vo. 2. Serm.. 1797, 8vo.
Lloyd, Miss E. Grammar, 1813-14, 12mo.
Lloyd, Edward. A Paper made of Linum Asbes-
tinum; Phil. Trans., 1684.
Lloyd, Edward. See LHUYD.
Lloyd, Elizabeth. See HOWELL.
Lloyd, Elizabeth Maria. Exercises on the Bible,
Lun., 1833. See Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 359.
Lloyd, Evan. A Muzzle for a Mad Dog, Lon.,
1707, '08, 4to. Supposed to be by Hickeringill.
Lloyd, Evan. Poems, and a Geography, 1766-98.
Lloyd, Francis. Athanasian Creed, 1769, Svo.
Lloyd, George. Rain; Phil. Trans., 1782.
Lloyd, Hannibal Evans, 1771-1847, a native of
London, pub. The Life of the Emperor Alexander, and of
George IV., &c., and gave to the world a number of trans-
lations, among which are The Travels of the Prince of
Neuwied in the Brazils, and his later Travels in N. Ame-
rica. See Lon. Gent. Mag., 1847, Pt. 2, 324–326.
Lloyd, Capt. L. L. 1. Field Sports of the North,
1. Field Sports of the North,
Lon., 1831, 2 vols. 8vo; new ed., 1841, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Containing much instruction and amusement."-Lon. Athen-
xum.
See also Blackw. Mag., xxvii. 807, xxviii. 1. 2. Scan-
dinavian Adventures; with some account of the Northern
Fauna, 1854, 2 vols. r. Svo.
Lloyd, Lodowick. Historical, legal, and poetical
publications, Lon., 1586-1607.
Lloyd, M. The King at Southwell, &c., Lon., 1646,
Lloyd, Major-General Henry, 1729-1783, a
native of Wales. 1. Hist. of War in Germany, Lon.,
1781-90, 2 vols. 4to; 1781-90, 3 vols. 4to. 2. Defence
of G. Brit., &c., 1790, '92, Svo. 3. Composition of Armies.
Lloyd, Hugh. Phrases in usum Scholæ Wint. una
cum ejusdem Dictatis, Oxon., 1654, 8vo.
Lloyd, Humphrey. See LHUYD.
Lloyd, J. English Expositor, 1814.
Lloyd, J. C. Serms., Lon., 1826, &c., 4 vols. 8vo.
Lloyd, J. H. 1. With W. N. Welsby, Reports of
Cases rel. to Commerce, &c., 1829-30, Lon., 3 Pts. 2. Third
ed. of Wm. Paley's Treat. on the Law of Principal and
It was attacked by Sir George Mackenzie, in a Defence
Agent, Lon., 1833, Svo. See DUNLAP, JOHN A.
of the Antiquity of the Royal Line of Scotland, &c., 1685,
Lloyd, James, d. 1831, aged 62, a Senator of the Svo, and was defended by Bishop Stillingfleet in his
U. States, pub, several pamphlets on Commerce, &c.
Lloyd, Jenkin. Christ's Valedictions, 1658.
Lloyd, John. Episcopacy, &c., 1660, 4to.
Lloyd, John. 1. The Six Days' Works; a Poem,
Lon., 1681, Svo. 2. Song of Solomon, 1682, 8vo.
Lloyd, Rev. John. Thesaurus Ecclesiasticus, Lon.,
1788, 8vo. This is a new ed. of Liber Valorum. See
ECTON, JOHN.
Origines Britannicæ, along with which work it was re-
printed. Oxf., 1842, 2 vols. Svo, with Notes by the Rev. T.
P. Pantin. See Biog. Brit.; Athen. Oxon.; Burnet's Own
Times; Whiston's Life; Coates's Hist. of Reading; An-
thony Wood's Life; the histories of England; Disraeli's
Lit. Miscell., ed. 1840, SS.
6.
Lloyd of Oxford was formed by Bishop Wilkins, and went intc
most of their principles, (the Latitudinarians,] but went far beyond
them in learning, and was a great critic.... He is a person of
most indefatigable industry, and one of the greatest masters of style
now living."-BISHOP BUBNET: Hist. of his Own Times.
Lloyd, William, Jr., son of the preceding. Series
Chronologica Olympiadum Pythiadum, &c., Oxon., 1700,
fol.
4to.
Lloyd, Owen. Physiognomy; Phil. Trans., 1694.
Lloyd, P. New Style the True Style, 1753, Svo.
Lloyd, Pierson, Second Master of Westminster
School, subsequently Archdeacon of the Church of York.
1. Serm., Lon., 1753, Svo. 2. Serms., Lon., 1765, r. Svo.
"Plain, practical sermons.”—Critical Rev.
"Pleasing and agreeable.”—Lom. Month. Rev.
Lloyd, R. 1. Costs in K. B. and C. P., Lon., 1818,
Svo. 2. Costs in Parliament, &c.. 1821, Svo.
Lloyd, R. B. and Francis. Discovery or De-
Discovery or De-
scription of Madagascar, Lon., 1647, 4to.
Lloyd, Richard. The Nine Worthies, Lon., 1584,
4to.
Lloyd, Richard, Vicar of Midhurst, Kent. 1. Chris-
tian Theology, Lon., 1804, 8vo.
"For many just and interesting views of clerical knowledge and
auty, see Lloyd's Christian Theology.”—Bishop of St. David's.
2. Serm., 1811, 8vo. 3. Two Serms., 1812, 8vo. 4. What
is it to Preach Christ? 1825, Svo.
"We recommend this volume.”—Christian Observer.
5. Catholic Claims, 1827, Svo. 6. Sermons, 1835, 12mo.
Lloyd, Robert, 1733-1764, the son of Pierson Lloyd,
ante,) and the friend of Churchill, who befriended him
when the former was in great distress, gained some reputa-
tion by The Actor, some other poetical compositions, and,
two dramatic pieces. His Poetical Works, with an Account
of the Author, were pub. by Dr. Wm. Kenrick in 1774,
2 vols. 8vo. His Familiar Poems were pub. in 1804. See
Johnson and Chalmers's Eng. Poets; Bp. Newton's Life,
pp. 16, 17, &c.; Blackw. Mag., 1. 24.
Lloyd, Robert L. Serms., 1701-12.
Lloyd, T., and G. Caines. Trial of T. O. Selfridge
for Murder, Bost., 1806, 8vo.
Lloyd, Thomas. Hist. of England, 1764, 5 vols.
8vo.
Lloyd, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1784, 4to.
Lloyd, Thomas. Literary Beauties of the New
Testament, Chester, 1784, 8vo; Norrisian Prize Essay.
Lloyd, Thomas, and Rev. Mr. Turner. Agri-
cult. of the County of Cardigan, Lon., 1794, 4to.
"Concisely and neatly executed.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog.
Lloyd, Thomas. Several Trials, 1805-09.
Lloyd, W. F. Books for the Young, Lon., 1848-55,
L
&c.
1. ㄴ
​Lloyd, William, 1627-1717, a native of Berkshire,
educated at Oriel College, Oxford, removed in 1640 to
Jesus College, where he became Fellow in 1646; Preb. of
Sarum, 1667; Dean of Bangor, 1672; Vicar of St. Martin-
in-the-Fields, 1676; Bishop of St. Asaph, 1680; trans. to
Worcester, 1699-1700. He was a divine of great learning,
was one of the seven bishops who were committed to the
Tower, June, 1688, for refusing to promulgate the king's
Indulgence," pub. a number of controversial tracts,
serms., &c., and assisted in and suggested several erudite
works. His best-known production is An Historical Ac-
count of Church Government as it was in Great Britain
and Ireland when they first received the Christian Reli-
gion; 2d ed., Lon., 1684, 8vo.
“A highly-valuable performance.”—Bishop Nicolson's Eng. Hist.
Lib.
Lloyd, Mary. Brighton; a Poem, Lon., 1809, 12mo.
Lloyd, Morgan. 26 Serms., Lon., 1832, 12mo.
Lloyd, Nicholas, 1634-1680, rector of St. Mary,
Newington, 1672. Dictionarium Historicum, Geographi-10s.
cum, Poeticum, &c., Oxf., 1670, fol. Best ed., Lon., 1680,
fol. A valuable work. See Athen. Oxon.; Aubrey's Sur-
rey, v. 140; Lon. Gent. Mag., Ixi. 502.
(6
Lloyd, Major Sir William. See GERARD, Capt.
ALEXANDER; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., viii. 92; Lon. Month.
Rev.; Asiatic Jour.; Colonial Mag.; Lit. Gaz.; Britannia;
Argus: Spectator.
Lloyd, William Watkiss. The Dramatic Works
of Shakspeare: text revised by S. W. Singer, with a Life
of the Poet, and an Essay on each Play, by W. W. L.,
Lon., 1856, 10 vols. fp. Svo, £3; large paper, cr. Svo, £4
The notes are succinct and full of information, and the crit: cal
notices creditably executed.”—Lom. Guardiun.
See Lon. Gent. Mag., Jan. 1856, 57.
Lloyd. See LHUYD.
Llucllin. See LLEWELLYN.
IN
Lluyd. See LLOYD.
Llwyd, or Lloyd, Richard. 1. Beaumaris Bay; a
Poem. Lon., 1800, 8vo. 2. Poems, Tales, &c., 1804, 2
vols. 12mo. 3. Gayton Wake; a Poem, Chester, 1804, 12mo;
Lon., 1805, Svo.
Llywarch Ap Llwelyn, a Welsh bard, flourished
between 1160 and 1220. Some of his poems, with notes,
are printed in the Welsh Archæology.
Llywarch-Hen, a prince of the Cambrian Britons,
flourished about 620. His Heroic Elegies, and other pieces,
with a literal trans., were pub. by Wm. Owen, Lon., 1792,
Svo.
Their authenticity has been proved by Mr. Turner, and they
are exceedingly curious, as some of the oldest remains of Keltic
poetry. They are also of some historical value.”—SOUTHEY.
..
Llywelyn O Langewydd, or Llywelyn Sion,
a Welsh bard of Glamorgan, d. 1616. His collections of
the Systems of Bardism are considered valuable.
Llwelyn, Vardd, a Welsh poet, son of Cywryd.
flourished between 1130 and 1180. Some of his pieces are
printed in the Welsh Archæology.
Llywythlan, Evan David, M.D.
Watts on Inoculation, Lou., 1768.
Observ. on Dr.
1111
LO
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Lo, tapt. Geo. St. England's Safety, 1694, 4to.
Loader, Thomas. Serm., Lon., 1812, Svo.
Lobb, Richard. Contemplative Philosopher, Lon.,
1817, 2 vols. 12mo. Commended by the Lon. Chris. Re-
former.
Lobb, Samuel. Serm., Lon., 1746, 8vo.
Lobb, Rev. Stephen, d. 1699, successor to Dr.
Thos. Goodwin, pub. some controversial theological tracts,
Lon., 1685-98.
Lobb, Stephen. Four Discourses, 1717, Svo.
Lobb, Theophilus, M.D., 1678-1763, son of the
first-named Stephen Lobb, relinquished the ministry among
the Independents for the practice of medicine. He pub.
several theolog. treatises, Lon., 1708-50, a Compendium
of the Practice of Physic, 1747, Svo, and other medical
works. His Practice of Physic appeared after his death,
1771, 2 vols. 8vo. See his Life, by John Greene, 1767, 12mo.
Lobel, or L'Obel, Matthias de, b. in Flanders,
1538, d. at Highgate, London, 1616, was one of the founders
of Systematic Botany. His principal works are-Stirpium
Adversaria Nova, (Lon., 1571, fol.; 1605, fol.; Antwerp,
1576, fol.,) and Plantarum Stirpium Illustrationes, 1655,
4to.
|
"Sprengel speaks more highly of Lobel than the Biographie Uni-
verselle." Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., Lon., 1854, ii.
243, q. v.
See also Pulteney's Sketches of Botany; Rees's Cyc.
Lobo, Daniel. Dictionary, Lon., 1776.
Loch, David. 1. Essays on the Trade, &c. of Scot-
land, Edin., 1778, 3 vols. 12mo. 2. Tour in Scotland, 1778.
Loch, Capt. G. G., R.N. Closing Events of the
Campaign in China, Lon., 1843, p. 8vo.
proper mode of treatment of acute diseases of sufficient
weight to carry conviction to any unprejudiced mind:-
The story runs on this wise. In 1666, Mr. Locke (wbo-
with the exception of a few months spent on the Continent
as secretary to Sir William Swan, envoy to the Elector of
Brandenburgh-had devoted his time since leaving college
to inteuse study) prescribed most successfully for Lord
Ashley, who was suffering from a dangerous abscess in the
breast, occasioned by a fall. His lordship placed his life
in the hands of the intelligent stranger, who had quite
accidentally become his medical adviser, and declared that
he would strictly follow his orders. Locke insisted upon
a surgical operation: the abscess was opened; the cure
was complete, though the wounded part never closed, and
the patient lived to become a grateful and lifelong bene-
factor to the friend to whom, under the blessing of God,
he owed the prolongation of his earthly existence. But it
was not the tie of gratitude alone which henceforth united
the fortunes of the young physician and his noble patient:
the charms of conversation, the boundless stores of recon-
His-dite knowledge, the equanimity of temper and benevo-
"The sketches of Chinese character are the most striking and
most graphic we have met with.”—Naval and Military Gazette.
Also commended by the Literary Gazette, The Examiner,
and The Spectator.
Lochee, Lewis, pub. a number of works on Military
Education, Fortification, &c., Lon., 1773-S4.
Rosa
Loch, James, 1780-1855, pub. a Statistical and
torical Account of the County of Sutherland, Improve-lence of heart, which so eminently distinguished the young
ments on the Marquess of Stafford's Estates, &c.
practitioner, completed a conquest in the library which
Lochead, William. Natural Hist. of Guiana; was commenced in the chamber of sickness, and the en-
Trans. Soc. Edin., 1796, and Nic. Jour., 1798.
raptured peer henceforth refused to be satisfied until he
found his friend living with him under his roof and sitting
daily with him at his table. Whether it was to save his
Lochman, A., Lutheran pastor, York, Penna.
physician trouble, or himself weariness, during the physi-
of Linden Castle, Phila., 18mo; from the German.
cian's dreaded absence whilst visiting prospective patients,
Lochman, J. George, D.D., Lutheran pastor, Har- we know not; but certain it is that Locke was not per-
risburg, Penna. 1. Inaugural Sermon, Harrisburg, 1815. mitted to scatter his boluses indiscriminately in the neigh-
2. Valedictory Sermon, Lebanon, 1815. 3. History, Doc- bourhood: his lordship took care that the life of no mortal
trine, and Discipline of the Lutheran Church, Harrisburg, out of the range of his own social circle should be abbre-
1818, 12mo. 4. Evangelical Catechism, 1822. 5. Hinter-viated or lengthened by Locke's professional agency, and
lassene Predigten, 1828. 6. Paulus Henkle, Newmarket, not a pill or prescription could be had save by the patron's
Va.; Sammlung Geistreicher Lieder, Newmarket; auch
etliche Bücher für Kinder.
Lock, or Locke, Henry. 1. Ecclesiastes in English
Poesie, Lon., 1597, 4to. 2. Legend of Orpheus and Eury-
dice, Lon., 1597, 16mo. Lock is highly praised by Wood
and Warton. See Athen. Oxon.; Hist. of Eng. Poet.
Lock, John. Antiquarian paper, &c. in Phil. Trans.,
1749, 55.
"You know," says he to Dr. Mapletoft, (the elegant Latinist,)
"how much my method has been approved of by a person who has
examined it to the bottom, and who is our common friend: I mean
Mr. John Locke, who, if we consider his genius and penetrating
and exact judgment, or the strictness of his morals, has scarce any
superior, and few equals, now living.”—Observationes Medicæ circa
Morborum Acutorum Historium et Curationem, 1675, 8vo.
Lock, M. Peter Martyr's Hist. of the West Indies;
pub. about 1605.
It occurs to us to refer, in this connexion, to Locke's Latin
verses, Auctori, in Tractatum ejus de Febribus. See Bos-
well's Life of Johnson, ed. Lon., 1848, r. Svo, 293, n. It
was in the same year in which Sydenham gave these Ob.
servations to the world (1675) that Locke was admitted tc
the degree of Bachelor of Physic; and it is an interesting
fact that his skill in medicine not only elicited the admira-
tion of Sydenham, but was the stepping-stone to that series
of good fortunes which so remarkably distinguishes the life
of our philosopher.
consent.
But the "medicine of the mind," (to borrow a phrase
from the learned Diodorus,) which Locke knew so well how
to administer, the master of the house was not disposed to
monopolize so selfishly. On the contrary, when he had se-
cured the coveted prize so earnestly desired, he made a feast
many feasts-and called around him his friends and his
neighbours to rejoice with him over his acquisition. That
young Locke was not disposed, on these occasions, to per-
mit either himself or the company to pay such exclusive
Lock, or Locke, Matthew, 1635?-1677, an English devotion to their host's good things as should entirely pre-
composer of music, was the author of several publicationsclude their enjoyment of his own, we have the following
on his favourite science, among which are-1. The Present anecdote in evidence:-On one occasion, when Villiers,
Practice of Music Vindicated, 1673, Svo. 2. Melothesia, Duke of Buckingham, Lord Halifax, and some other noted
1673, 4to. See Burney and Hawkins's Hist. of Music, wits, were varying the pleasures of the table with games
and Burney's Life of Lock in Rees's Cyc.; Harmonia
Harmonia at cards and undignified badinage, Mr. Locke, after re-
Sacra; Boyce's Collec. of Cathedral Music.
garding them for a few moments in disapproving silence,
Locke, Mrs. Jane Ermina, formerly Miss Stock- took out his pocket-book and commenced writing with
weather, a native of Worthington, Mass., pub. a vol. of great earnestness. The singularity of his conduct excited
Miscellaneous Poems in 1842, 12mo; another collection of the curiosity of one of the lords, who begged to know what
poetical pieces, entitled The Recalled, in 1854, 12mo; it was which he was recording with such interest :—
Rachael, or The Little Mourner, (a child's book ;) Boston,
a Historical Poem; prefaces to new eds. of Eliza Wharton
(see FOSTER, HANNAH) and Miss Planche's Sunbeam Sto-
ries; and many papers in various periodicals.
Locke, John, August 29, 1632-October 28, 1704, one
of the most illustrious of philosophers and excellent of
men, was a native of Wrington, Somersetshire, the son of
a captain in the Parliamentary army, who subsequently
practised as an attorney and clerk of the sewers in Somer-
setshire. After "completing" (or, as he would himself
have said, commencing) "his education" at Westminster
School, and Christ Church, Oxford, the subject of our notice
applied himself with great industry to the study of medi-
cine, and with such success that the celebrated Dr. Syden-
hain considered Locke's endorsement of his theory of the
:
CC
My lord," responded the philosopher, "I am endeavouring to
profit as far as I am able in your company; for, having waited with
impatience for the honour of being in an assembly of the greatest
geniuses of this age, and at last having obtained the good fortune,
I thought I could not do better than write down your conversation :
and, indeed, I have set down the substanco of what has been said for
this hour or two.”
Some extracts were then read for the edification of the
late dramatis personce, and it needed only the repetition
of a few lines to induce the illustrious interlocutors to turn
the conversation into a more rational channel. The fact
that these great wits and-stranger still-great lords
would thus patiently submit to be tutored by their un-
titled "guide, philosopher, and friend" redounds not a
little to the credit of all parties. So successful, indeed
was Mr. Locke in turning the minds of his visitors to
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topics of intellectual investigation that a number of them,
anxious that others should profit by the wisdom which
they had learned to appreciate, urged him to cominunicate
to the world the results of his speculations in a branch of
metaphysical philosophy then little understood either by
writers or readers at home or abroad. Accordingly, as
early as 1670 we find Mr. Locke forming the plan of his
great work, which did not see the light until twenty years
later, The Essay on the Human Understanding.
As an additional proof of the great influence which the
philosopher possessed over the mind of his friend and
host, Lord Ashley, we may notice the fact that when his
lordship, fearful of the extinction of his noble line, de-
sired to find a suitable wife for his only son, Locke's pupil,
(in the spirit of the patriarch of old, who welcomed a Re-
bekah to his household,) he confided the whole matter to
his friend, and begged him from among the daughters of
the land to select one whom he would be satisfied to re-
commend as likely to make his son happy and himself a
grandfather. Had Mr. Locke's commission been publicly
announced, it is not to be doubted that the sage would
suddenly have become very popular with the ladies, even
with those who had but little taste for metaphysical specu-
lation; for to marry into this great family was no ignoble
object of ambition. Our author, although he never saw
fit to look for a wife for himself, proved as successful in the
direction of the affections as he afterwards did in the "Con-
duct of the Understanding." The young gentleman was
happily married; and his eldest son was, in his youth, the
pupil of Locke, and, in his maturer years, the celebrated
author of The Characteristics, -a work which has already
come under our notice in a preceding page. (See COOPER,
ANTHONY ASHLEY.)
M
whose family he had long been an inmate,-his time being
exclusively occupied with the diligent study of that in
spired volume which, to quote his own eloquent culogy
"has God for its author, salvation for its end, and truth,
without any mixture of error. for its matter."
When unable, from increasing infirmity, to read for him-
self, his excellent friend, Lady Masham, soothed the pains
of approaching dissolution by rehearsing to him those
blessed promises on which his hopes had long been stayed,
which had consoled him when an exile from an ungrateful
land and a fugitive among a strange people. It was whilst
thus piously occupied, on the 28th of October, 1704, that
his attentive friend noticed that he had ceased to breathe,
and had at last entered into that rest which "remaineth
for the people of God."
"You will not, perhaps, dislike to know,” writes Lady Masham,
shortly after the decease of this truly great man, that the last
scene of Mr. Locke's life was no less admirable than any thing else
in him. All the faculties of his mind were perfect to the last: but
his weakness, of which only he died. made such gradual and visible
advances. that few people. I think. do so sensibly see death ap
proach them as he did. During all which time, no one could ob-
serve the least alteration in his humour.—always chearful, civil,
conversible. to the last day, thoughtful of all the concerns of his
friends, and omitting no fit occasion of giving Christian advice to
all about him. In short, his death was like his life.—truly pious,
yet natural, easy, and unaffected: nor can time, I think, ever pro-
duce a more eminent example of reason and religion than he was,
living and dying."-Letter to Mr. Laughton.
For further accounts respecting the life and works of
this eminent man, we must refer the reader to the sources
indicated at the conclusion of this article, and to the au-
thorities from which we shall make extracts of greater or
less extent as our limited space may permit.
In 1672, Locke's patron, Lord Ashley, was created Earl
of Shaftesbury and made Lord High-Chancellor of Eng-
land. He immediately appointed Locke Secretary of Pre-
sentations; and in the following year, when the latter lost
this post by his lordship's losing the great seal, he made
his friend Secretary of the Board of Trade. This office
also Mr. Locke retained but a year, the commission being
dissolved in 1674. When the earl fell under the suspicion
of the court, in 1682, and was obliged to return to Hol-
land, Locke accompanied him; and this fact, added to the
freedom of his intercourse with disaffected Englishmen
abroad, brought the philosopher under such obloquy that,
in 1684, the king ordered his name to be stricken from the
roll of the students of Christ's Church. In the next year,
orders were issued for his arrest as a party to the intended
invasion of England by the Duke of Monmouth, and
Locke, though entirely innocent of the offence charged, was
obliged to hide himself from the eye of power for nearly a
twelvemonth. Upon the accession of King James, William
Penn, the Quaker, procured for his old friend Locke the
promise of a pardon; but this offer the latter declined to
accept, alleging that he had been guilty of no crime.
The first collective ed. of Locke's Works was pub. in
1714, 3 vols. fol.: 5th ed., with Life of the Author, and
Collection of his pieces pub. by Des Maizeaux, 1751, 2 vols.
fol.; 8th ed., pub. by Edmuud Law, Bishop of Carlisle,
1777, 4 vols. 4to; 9th ed., 1802, 10 vols. 8vo; 10th ed.,
1812, 10 vols. 8vo; 11th ed., 1823, 10 vols. Svo; 12th ed.,
1824, 9 vols. 8vo. Contents of the 12th and last ed.: Vol.
I. Preface to Works; Life; Analysis of Doctrine of Ideas;
Of Human Understanding, books 1 to 3, chap. 6. II. Of
Human Understanding, (concluded;) Personal Identity;
Of the Conduct of the Understanding: Reading and Study
for a Gentleman; Elements of Natural Philosophy; New
Method of a Common-Place Book. III. Letters between
Locke and the Bishop of Worcester concerning Human
Understanding. IV. On Interest and Value of Money;
Coining Silver Money in England; On Raising the Value
of. Money; Two Treatises on Government. V. Four
Letters on Toleration. VI. Reasonableness of Christianity.
VII. Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul.
VIII. Of Education
VIII. Of Education; Examination of Malebranche's
Opinion of seeing all things in God; Of Miracles; Life
of Anthony, Earl of Shaftesbury; Familiar Letters. IX.
Familiar Letters; Dedication to Des Maizeaux's Edition
In 1686, he formed a literary society at Amsterdam, of Locke; Character of Locke, by Peter Coste; Constitu-
where he was at least once a week surrounded by Lim- tion of Carolina; Letters from a Person of Quality; Re-
borch, Le Clerc, and other learned men, who knew how to marks on Norris's Book; Letters; Rules of a Society for
profit by his instructions. Two years later, the Revolu- Improvements in Useful Knowledge; On the Growth and
tion of 16SS afforded an opportunity to Locke and many Culture of Vines and Olives; Production of Silk; Pre-
of his countrymen to return to the native land from which servation of Fruits; History of Navigation from its Ori-
they had long been banished; and it is an interesting fact, ginal to 1704; Catalogue and Character of Most Books
worthy to be noted, that the illustrious exile was one of the of Travels. Index at the end of each volume. Locke's
happy band of patriots who sailed in the fleet which con- Philosophical Works, with a Preliminary Discourse, Pre-
veyed the Princess of Orange to a country which hailed face, and Notes, by J. A. St. John, were pub. in 1843, r.
her and her royal consort as the restorer of its lost liber- Svo; again, 1854, (Bohn's Standard Library,) 2 vols. p.
|
ties. Mr. Locke now made an unsuccessful attempt to Svo. These vols. contain Locke's philosophical writings:
regain his studentship at Christ Church. The society did 1. On the Conduct of the Understanding; 2. An Essay
not feel at liberty to deprive his successor, who had been concerning the Human Understanding; 3. Controversy
regularly elected, but offered Locke a post as supernume- with the Bishop of Worcester; 4. An Examination of P.
rary student,-which he declined. As some compensation Malebranche's Opinion of seeing all things in God; with
for his sacrifices in the cause of freedom, Locke was named Remarks upon some of Mr. Norris's Books; 5. Elements
Commissioner of Appeals, with a salary of £200 per an- of Natural Philosophy; 6. Some Thoughts concerning
num; and in 1695 the king appointed him one of the Reading and Study for a Gentleman. Of the Essay on
Commissioners of Trade and Plantations,-a place worth the Human Understanding, the last English ed. was pub.
£1000 a year. For the duties of this office his published by Mr. Tegg, London, 1853, Svo. The consideration of
writings on politics and subjects of political economy had this great work, upon which the fame of the author will
proved him to be amply qualified, and public expectation always rest,-and securely rest,-will be postponed for a
was not disappointed when the intelligent theorist found few moments, until we have designated the other principal
himself in a position to carry his speculations into prac-productions of its author. These are-1. A COMMON-
tice. In 1700, the increase of an asthmatic disorder which PLACE BOOK TO THE HOLY BIBLE, 1686; 2d ed., 1697;
had long troubled him obliged him to desist from active revised and improved by Rev. Wm. Dodd, LL.D., 1805,
employment; and he was too conscientious to accede to the 4to; 1824, Svo. We could not with propriety omit to
king's proposition that he should retain his post and salary record this vol. in this place; yet it is by no means certain
whilst others assumed his labours. His remaining days that it is correctly ascribed to Locke. But this is a matter
were passed in retirement at Oates, in Essex, about twenty which has already claimed our notice: see DODD, WILLIAM,
miles from London, at the seat of Sir Francis Masham, of, D.D. 2. THREE LETTERS CONCERNING TOLERATION : the
1113
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First, anon., in Latin, Goudæ, 1689, Svo; in English, Lon.,
16.9, 4to. The Second, in English, 1690, 4to. The Third,
in English, 1692, 1765, 4to; in Latin, 1765, 4to.
..
The first Letter on Toleration," remarks Sir James Mackintosh,
"the most original perhaps of his works, was composed in Holland,
in a retirement where he was forced to conceal himself from the
tyranny which pursued him into a foreign land; and it was pub-
lished in England, in the year of the Revolution, to vindicate the
Toleration Act, of which he lamented the imperfection."
After quoting some of Locke's strictures, Sir James
proceeds to remark, in a note:
"How far are we at this moment [1821] from adopting these ad-
mirable principles! and with what absurd confidence do the enemies
of religious liberty appeal to the authority of Mr. Locke for con-
Sinuing those restrictions on conscience which he so deeply la-
neuted!"-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: Miscell. Works, Lon., 1854, 1.
328.
"Locke's invaluable Letter on Toleration appeared in 1689. It
was, as might be expected, opposed; and the controversy was con-
tinued in subsequent letters till 1706. Many exceedingly disliked
i
it."-BICKERSTETH.
A late eminent prelate remarks of the first Letter that
it and the treatises of Taylor, Stillingfleet, and Bayle
should be carefully studied. They give a complete view of the
subject. Such who have wrote since in support of the divine prin-
ciple of toleration may be said only actum agere."-BISHOP War-
BURTON.
Lord Grenville declared Locke's Letter on Toleration to
be "unanswerable."
"A complete and satisfactory work on Toleration.”—Bickersteth's
C. S.. ed. Lon., 1844, 380.
*
"Education in England has been in danger of being hurt by two
of its greatest men, Milton and Locke. Milton's plan is impracti-
cable, and I suppose has never been tried. Locke's, I fancy, has
been tried often enough, but is very imperfect: it gives too much to
one side, and too little to the other; it gives too little to literature."
-DR. JOHNSON: Boswell's Life, ed. Lon., 1848, r. Svo, 618.
An eminent critic of our own day by no means endorses
this opinion:
"Much has been written, and often well, since the days of Locke;
but he is the chief source from which it has been ultimately de-
rived; and, though the Emile is more attractive in manner, it may
be doubted whether it is as rational and practicable as the Treatise
on Education. If they have both the same defect,—that their au-
thors wanted sufficient observation of children,-it is certain that
the caution and sound judgment of Locke have rescued him better
from error.
There are, indeed, from this or from other causes, several pas-
sages in the Treatise on Education to which we cannot give an un-
hesitating assent. Locke appears to have somewhat exaggerated
the efficacy of education. This is an error on the right side in a
work that aims at persuasion in a practical matter; but we are
now looking at the theoretical truth alone."-Hallam's Lit. Hist.
of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, iii. 421.
“Locke's reflections on the effects of education in modifying the
intellectual faculties, and (where skilfully conducted) in supplying
their original defects, have been distorted into the puerile paradox
of Helvetius, that the mental capacities of the whole human race
are the same at the moment of birth.”—SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: 2d
Prelim. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit., 7th ed., vol. i. 269–270, n.
4. Two TREATISES OF GOVERNMENT; against Sir Robert
Filmer, 1690, Svo; 6th ed., 1764, Svo. In French, Ainst.
and Geneva, 1722.
ries or by subsequent inquirers. Locke was not himself aware of
quarters of a century elapsed before it began to be generally per
the vast of the he had and three
ceived that an inquiry into the means by which labour might be
rendered most efficient was the object of that portion of political
economy which treats of the production of wealth."-McCulloch's
Lit. of Polit. Econ., Lon., 1845, 2, 3, 4.
See also (for notices of Locke's work on Money and
Report of Board of Trade on the Poor) pp. 146, 156, 157
275.
"Composed of three parts of different character and very
unequal merit. . . . Locke, whose praise is less that of being bold
and original than of being temperate, sound. Incid. and methodical.
deserves the immortal honour of having systematized and rendered
popular the doctrines of civil and religious liberty. . . . Locke's
writings were one day to lessen the misery suffered by mankind.
from cruel laws and unjust judges."-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH:
Miscell. Works, ed. Lon., 1854, i. 328, (7. v.,) ii. 27, iii. 141.
See FILMER, SIR ROBERT.
"John Locke hated tyranny and persecution as a philosopher:
but his intellect and his temper preserved him from the violence
of a partisan.”—T. B. MACAULAY: Hist. of Eng., 1848, vol. i. chap. v.
"Hobbes seems to have been one of the first who had any thing |
like a distinct perception of the real source of wealth. . . . Lorke,
however, had a much clearer apprehension of this doctrine. His
Essay on Civil Government, published in 1689, is, in fact, the
earliest work in which the true sources of wealth are distinctly
pointed out. . . . Locke has here all but completely established
the fundamental principle which lies at the bottom of the science
of wealth. . . . But though Locke gave, in the passage referred
to above, a far more distinct and comprehensive statement of the
fundamental principle that labour is the grand source of value,
and consequently of wealth, than is to be found even in the Wealth
of Nations, it was but little attended to either by his contempora-
1114
Mr. Hallam remarks of this same chapter,
"The excellent chapter on property would be sufficient, if all
Locke's other writings had perished, to leave him a high name in
philosophy."-Lit. Hist, of Europe, 4th ed., Lon., 1854, iii. 341.
It may be expected that the author of this Dictionary,
as an American, should offer some comments upon Locke's
famous Constitution for the Carolinas; but our limited
space forbids any detailed examination of a subject which
indeed is now of but little importance and excites no con-
siderable interest in any quarter. We would not be un-
derstood as expressing any opinion upon the following
animadversions of an eminent political philosopher of our
own day:
•
"Locke was engaged in a controversy through his first Letter on
Toleration, which produced a second and a third; but it does not
appear to me that these, though longer than the first, have con-
siderably modified its leading positions. It is to be observed that
he pleads for the universal toleration of all modes of worship not
immoral in their nature or involving doctrines inimical to good
government, placing in the latter category some of the doctrines
of the Church of Rome. . . . He denies altogether that the care of
souls belongs to the civil magistrate, as it has never been com-
mitted to him. All the power of civil government relates only to
men's civil interests, is confined to the things of this world, and
hath nothing to do with the world to come.'"-Haliam's Lit. Hist.
of Europe, 4th ed., Lon., 1854, iii. 290, 291.
5. The Reasonableness of Christianity as delivered in
the Scriptures, 1695, '96, Svo; new ed., 1842. In French,
by Coste, 2 vols. 12mo. Vindication of the same from
Mr. Edwards's Exceptions, 1695, '96, Svo. Second Vin-
dication, 1697, 8vo. Animadversions, 1697, 4to. See
EDWARDS, JOHN, D.D., p. 544; BOLD, or BOLDE, SAMUEL.
Mr. Bold defended Locke; and Edwards, as we have seen,
attacked him in his Socinianism Unmasked. But Locke
3. THOUGHTS CONCERNING THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN, afterwards found a more formidable opponent in Bishop
1693, 8vo. Many eds.
Stillingfleet, who considered that some of Locke's expres-
sions in his Essay on the Human Understanding tended
to favour Toland's notions, who in his Christianity not
Mysterious had used several
Mysterious bad used several arguments drawn from
Locke's Essay. Stillingfleet therefore, in 1697, put forth
his Defence of the Trinity, in which both Toland and
Locke were censured. The Defence was followed by three
letters from Locke and two from Stillingfleet, all pub. 1697-
99. We have anticipated the natural course of our history a
little, but thought it better to refer to these two contro-
versies at the same time. Lee, Brown, and the author
of Mr. Locke's Religion out of his own Writings, (1700,
Svo,) also censured some of his theological views; and we
shall see presently that opposition from modern writers
has been expressed in terms quite as decided. See No. 6,
and some quotations appended thereto. But we must not
omit to quote a few comments upon Locke's REASON-
ABLENESS OF CHRISTIANITY AS DELIVERED IN THE SCRIP-
TURES.
"In 1669 a Constitution for the Carolinas was framed by the
celebrated John Locke; and so widely different is practical states-
manship from profound philosophy, that it was found altogether
unmanageable, grounded on principles extremely illiberal and
wholly inconsistent with its authors theoretical love of freedom.
It was universally disliked and vehemently opposed; nor did the
colony, according to the common tradition, ever enjoy a day of
peace or happiness under it, till in 1693 it was abandoned and the
old government restored."-Lord Brougham's Polit. Philos., Pt. 3,
2d ed., Lon., 1849, 324.
m
"In his Reasonableness of Christianity as delivered in the Scrip
tures he hath, without formally mentioning Lord Herbert, furnished
a proper antidote against his scheme.”—Leland's Deistical Writers,
ed. Lon., 1837, 18, q. v. See also pp. 17, 190, 206, 281, 305, 378.
g.
"This treatise was first published in 1695, without Mr. Locke's
name: he concealed his being the author of it from his most inti-
mate friends. A learned and ingenious prelate observed, If Mr.
Locke writ it, it was the best book he ever laboured at.' Le Clerc,
in his Bibliothèque Choisie, said that it was un des plus excellens
ouvrages qui ait été fait depuis long-tems sur cette matière et dans
cette vue.' And Limborch preferred it to all the systems of divinity
he had ever read. Dr. Edwards wrote against it; and his objections
produced from Mr. Locke two vindications of it. These merit the
reader's attention as much as the work itself, which has long beer
generally approved."-BISHOP WATSON: Collec. of Theolog. Tracts,
among which the bishop has introduced this work.
$
Indeed, the bishop does not hesitate to say for himself,
"I must confess that I prefer this to all other systems of
theology."
6. PARAPHRASE AND NOTES ON THE EPISTLES OF ST. PAUL
TO THE GALATIANS, CORINTHIANS, ROMANS, EPHESIANS.
To which is prefixed an Essay for the Understanding of
St. Paul's Epistles by consulting St. Paul himself, 1705,
'07, '09, '33, '42, '63, 4to; 1824, Svo. In German, by Hoff-
man, 1763, 2 vols. 4to.
"Locke has done more towards clearing and fixing the sense of
St. Paul's epistles than any or all of the commentators before hir.'
-DR. PABR.
";
"It contains much important truth and some very considerable
errors. Locke read St. Paul with great attention, and yet missed
his meaning on some leading subjects. His idens of the person of
Christ, of the doctrine of justification by faith, and the character
and privileges of the Christian Church, are grossly erroneous. Em,
apart from his theological errors, his work possesses very considerablo
LOC
LOC
qerit. He set the example, in English, of a style of criticizing the
New Testament which was afterwards followed by Pierce and Ben-
son, who, in a series of similar works, completed the epistolary part
of the New Covenant."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
See BENSON, GEORGE, D.D., p. 106 of this Dictionary,
where we have quoted Dr. Doddridge's opinion of the
commentaries of Locke, Pierce, and Benson:
“In no book which the author has read does the pride of human
reason, opposing the express testimonies of God and striving to
wrest them from their obvious meaning, appear so prominent as in
most parts of Mr. Locke's Exposition of St. Paul's Epistles."-lation
THOMAS SCOTT, the Commentator.
"Locke himself is far from being a scriptural writer.... He
concurred with the Arminians, and was intimate with their leaders
in Holland. . . . Whatever desire of peace and union among Chris-
tians may have actuated him, we cannot but consider that his in-
fluence has been decidedly prejudicial to the pure gospel of Christ.
We cannot acquit him of a tendency to Socinian principles
11.3 works must therefore be read with caution."-Bickersteth's
C. S., el. Lon., 1844, 289.
"Were I to recommend learned ingenuity and critical conjecture,
often at the expense of truth, (and probably unsanctioned by the
discipline of personal deep experience,) the Commentaries of Dr.
(John) Taylor and Mr. Locke's might be mentioned.' — Wiliams's
C. P., 5th ed., Lon., 1843, 292–293. See also pp. 361–362.
The manzer in which Mr. Locke discusses the doctrine
of predestization was, indeed, not calculated to please the
critics whose strictures we have just quoted; but, on the
other hand, bis treatment of this topic seems to have
greatly conciliated a once-famous controversialist, who
claimed little in common with the commentator:
"This doctrine is very much softened, and the assumed proceed-
ings of God towards men are brought almost within the bounds of
credibility, by Mr. Locke's exposition of the ninth. chapter of the
Epistle to the Romans."-LORD BOLINGBROKE: Works, vol. iii. 456.
But his lordship cannot refrain, even in the midst of his
civility, from manifesting his rooted dislike to Christianity,
by the sneer that it was a great inconsistency in Mr.
Locke to write a Commentary on St. Paul's Epistles, and
a Discourse on the Reasonableness of Christianity, after
he had written an Essay on the Human Understanding.
(Bolingbroke's Works, vol. iv. 166, 295.) His lordship here
does not seem to perceive how much this silly comment is
calculated to injure his own desperate cause,--that of cre-
dulous and unreasoning infidelity.
It is an interesting fact that Locke submitted his Para-
phrases of, and Commentaries on, the Epistles to the Co-
rinthians to the judgment of his illustrious friend Sir
Isaac Newton, who read that on the first Epistle twice
over, and that on the second Epistle once. The result of
this examination he communicates to Mr. Locke, under
date of May 15, 1703:
"I think your paraphrase and commentary on these two epistles
is done with very great care and judgment."
See this letter in Sir David Brewster's Memoirs of Sir
Isaac Newton, Edin., 1854, vol. ii. 320–322.
We are now prepared to enter upon a brief consideration
-purposely reserved for our last subject-of the character-
istics and merits of the author's greatest work,-(7.) EsSAY
ON THE HUMAN UNDERSTANDING,-the inception of which
dates, as we have seen on a preceding page, about 1670, al-
though the work was not given to the world until 1690, (fol.)
An abridgment of it, however, made by Locke, and trans.
into French by Le Clerc, was pub. by the latter in his
Bibliothèque Universelle for Jan. 1688. So popular was
So popular was
the Essay, that a second ed. was pub. in 1694; the 4th in
1700; the 5th in 1701; the 6th in 1705; the 7th in 1706: all
in fol. Since then there have been many eds., at home
and abroad, both in English and in other languages. A
new ed. of the Conduct of the Understanding was pub.,
Lon., 1839, r. Svo.
Its influence in France and Germany was perhaps even
greater than at home, where it was opposed by some mem-
bers of the University of Oxford and other liberal-minded
philanthropists, who thought that the people were already
becoming too wise for their teachers, and stood more in
need of soporifies than intellectual stimulants. All that
can be expected of us in this place is the citation of a few
opinions of eminent authorities upon this famous pro-
duction. To attempt, within the compass of the brief
space to which we are necessarily restricted, either to give
a faithful synopsis of the work itself, or to reconcile the
opposing interpretations of its doctrines which have been
offered from time to time by the dis-iples of, or the pro-
testants against, the school founded by this illustrious
philosopher, would be worse than useless, because unjust:
The endless disputations of the learned led him to suspect that
they had their origin in an improper use of words and want of pre-
cision in our ideas, which he proposed to rectify by ascertaining
the grounds and extent of human knowledge, through investiga-
tion of the properties of the human understanding. This was the
origin of his renowned work, by which he justly acquired the
greatest distinction for the modesty and tolerance of his way of
thinking and the clearness and rectitude of his unde starding,
evinced in the course of a correspondence with the most accom
plished men of his day.... Locke's great object and merit was
the investigation of the origin, reality, limits, and uses of know
ledge.
ledge. He contested the hypothesis of innate ideas, throwing
great light on one side of the question, and endeavoured to prove,
by an induction which was necessarily incomplete, that all our
notions are acquired by experience. The two ultimate sources of
all our knowledge are the senses and reflection, (or the perception
of the operations of our minds,) which has caused his system to be
of an internal sense."-Tenneman's Manual of the II.st. of
called one of sensualism,—since he gives even to reflection the appel-
Philos., Johnson's Trans., Oxf., 1832. 336, 337.
"That Locke possessed a noble and lofty mind, superior to pre-
judice, and capable, by its native energy, of exploring truth even
in the regions of the intellectual world before unknown, that his
judgment was accurate and profound. that his imagination was
vigorous, and that he was well furnished with ornaments of cle
gant learning, were there no other proofs, might be without hesita-
tion concluded from his great and immortal work, The Essay on
the Human Understanding, in which, discarding all systematic
theories, he has from actual experience and observation delineated
the features and described the operations of the human mind with
a degree of precision and minuteness not to be found in Plato,
Aristotle, or Des Cartes. After clearing the way by setting aside
the whole doctrine of innate ideas and principles both speculative
and practical, the author traces all ideas to two sources, sensation
and reflection; treats at large of the nature of ideas, simple and
complex, of the operation of the human understanding in form-
ing, distinguishing, compounding, and associating them, of the
manner in which words are applied as representations of ideas, of
the difficulties and obstructions in the search after truth which
arise, from the imperfection of these signs, and of the nature,
reality, kinds, degrees, casual hindrances, and necessary limits of
human knowledge. . . The work is of inestimable value as a
history of the understanding.—not compiled from former books, but
written from materials collected by a long and attentive observa-
tion of what passes in the human mind. A small treatise, On the
Conduct of the Understanding, written by the same author. is a
valuable supplement to his main work.”—Enfield's Hist, of Philos,,
drawn up from Brucker's Hist. of Crit. Philos., Lon., 1840, 621, 622.
This critic, it will be observed, does not join in the
charge that Locke borrowed largely from Descartes and
Hobbes; and Sir James Mackintosh doubts
"whether Locke be much indebted to Hobbes for his specula-
himself; and an original style is not usually the vehicle of borrowed
tions. . . . His style, with all its faults, is that of a man who thinks for
opinions.”—Sir James Mackintosh's Works, Lon., 1854. 342, 343.
•
Mr. Lewes takes very strong ground on the same side:
"That Locke never read Hobbes may seem incredible, but is, we
are convinced, the truth. It is one among many examples of how
few were the books he had read. He never alludes to Hobbes in
any way that can be interpreted into having read him. Twice only,
we believe, does he allude to him.-and then so distantly and with
such impropriety as to be almost convincing with respect to his
ignorance."-Biog. Hist. of Philos., Pt. 2, Third Epoch, 2d ed.,
1857, q. v.
Crousaz and Leibnitz speak of Locke's Essay in very
different terms:
"Clarissimi et merito celebratissimi, Lockii de Intellectu Humano
eximium opus, ex auctore sui dignissimum, logicis utilissimus sem-
per annumerabitur.”—CROUSAZ: Treat. Log. Præfat.
"In Lockio sunt quædam particularia non male exposita, sed in
summa longe aberravit a janua, nec naturam mentis verat intel-
lexit."-LEIBNITZ: Op., tom., v. p. 335, ed. Dutens.
"M. Locke avoit de la subtilité et de l'addresse, et quelque espèce
12. And see Reflexions sur Essai de M. Locke, in the Recueil of Des
de métaphysique superficielle qu'il savoit relever.”—1oid., pp. 11,
Maizeaux, vol. ii.
But in his Nouveaux Essais sur l'Entendement Humain,
Leibnitz treats Locke with far greater respect. See Lewes's
Biog. Hist. of Philos.: Leibnitz, 2d ed., 1857.
See Le Clerc's Eloge on Locke in the Bibliothèque
Choisie, année 1705, tom. vi. See also vol. xii., année
1707; Stewart's Prelim. Dissert. Eneye. Brit., 7th ed., vol.
i. 106, n. We can barely refer here to Cousin's review of
Locke's Essay :
Locke is also a child of Descartes: he is imbued with his spirit
and his method; he rejects every other authority than that of
reason, and he sets out from the analysis of consciousness; but,
instead of seeing all the elements which it comprehends, without
rejecting entirely the interior element, liberty and intelligence,
he considers more particularly the exterior element: he is above
all struck with sensation. The philosophy of Locke is a branch of
Cartesianism, but it is a straggling one, like Spinozism."-Cousin's
Course of the Hist. of Mod. Philos.. Wright's Trans., N. York, 1854,
i. 236-237: see also p. 25, and vol. ii. SS, 159, et seq.
Of this review Mr. Hallam complains bitterly, and no-
tices some of its alleged errors.-remarking, however,
"It is not possible in a note to remark on the many passages
wherein M. Cousin has dealt no fair measure to our illustrious meta-
physician.
physician. . . . I regret that he has taken so little pains to dis-
contrary, had nothing so much at heart as to depreciate the glory
tinguish real from verbal differences of opinion, but has, on the
of one whom Europe has long reckoned among the founders of
metaphysical science."-Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, iii.
386, n.
“The eminence of his [Cousin's] name and the popular style of his
lectures have given great importance to his criticism; but, if we are
to speak out our opinion fairly, we must characterize this criticism
as very unfair and extremely shallow."-Lewes's Bing. Hist. of
Philos.: Locke: 2d ed., 1857.
See also, on the subject of Cousin's misrepresentations
•
1115
LOC
LOC
of Locke's philosophy, article on History of Philosophy (by
Samuel Tyler) in South. Quar. Rev., Nov. 1856. The French
philosophers in general seem sadly to have mistaken
Locke's doctrine respecting the origin of ideas, the power
of moral perception, and the immutability of moral dis-
tinctions. These misrepresentations have been so largely
exposed by Dugald Stewart in his Philosophical Essays,
and in his Prelim. Dissert. to the Encyc. Brit., that we
need only refer the reader to these works.
(C
"I would not have enlarged so fully," remarks this able critic,
on Locke's account of the origin of our ideas, had not a mistaken
view of his argument on this head served as a groundwork for
the whole Metaphysical Philosophy of the French Encyclopedia.”—
Encyc. Brit., 7th ed., vol. i. 116, n.
As regards the merits of the Essay itself, Stewart does
not attempt to disguise the dangerous tendency of some
of its positions, (we have noticed some of the effects of
this tendency in our life of DAVID HUME, p. 915 of this
Dictionary,) but he considers that
"The general effect of the whole work may be regarded as the
best of antidotes against the errors involved in some of his particu-
lar conclusions."-Lid.. p. 108.
"As the antagonists chiefly contemplated by Mr. Locke were the
followers of Descartes, perhaps the only proposition for which he
must necessarily be held to contend was, that the mind has no ideas
which do not arise from impressions on the senses or from re-
flections on our own thoughts and feelings But it is certain that
he sometimes appears to contend for much more than this propo-
sition; that he has generally been understood in a larger sense;
and that, thus interpreted, his doctrine is not irreconcilable to those
philosophical systems with which it has been supposed to be most
at variance."-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: Works, Lou., 1854, i. 331-332.
Dr. Albert Schwegler, in his review of the Lockian
philosophy, remarks:
"His empiricism is clear as the day. The mind, according to it,
is in itself bare. and only a mirror of the outer world,-a dark
space which passively receives the images of external objects: its
whole content is made by the impressions furnished it by material
things. Nihil est in intellectu quod non fuerit in sensu, is the watch-
word of this stand-point. . . . It is true that Locke was not always
logically consistent, and in many points did not thoroughly carry
out his empiricism; but we can clearly see that the road which
will be taken in the farther development of this direction will re-
sult in a thorough denial of the ideal factor.”—Hist. of Philos. in
Epit.; Seelye's Trans., N. York, 1856, 197, 198.
<<
We presume that Schwegler had been reading Leibnitz
just before inditing this passage; but the latter replies to
“Nihil est in intellectu quod non fuerit in sensu” by Nempe
nihil est in intellectu quod non fuerit in sensu, nisi ipse in-
tellectus.”—Opera, tom. v. pp. 358, 359. See Dugald
Stewart's comment on this criticism, 1st Prelim. Dissert.
in Encyc. Brit.
Another eminent German philosopher remarks:
"Locke himself. indeed, was a good Christian; but this is only
one instance more that he who first opens a new line of thought very
seldom pursues it so far as to perceive even its most inevitable con
sequences. If we adopt his principles, we must inevitably renounce
all other thoughts. and limit ourselves to the feeling, the experience,
and the enjoyment of the senses: and those who in later times
have openly professed these notions, although they called them-
selves independent philosophers, were in truth only the disciples of
Locke."-FREDERICK VON SCHLEGEL: Lects. on the Hist. of Lit.,
English Trans., Phila., 1854, 313.
These last lines will perhaps remind some of our readers
of a remark of Dugald Stewart's:
"It is with much regret I add [to the denial that Locke was a
Hobbist, q. v.] that a very large proportion of the English writers
who call themselves Lockists, and who, I have no doubt, believe
themselves to be so in reality, are at bottom (at least in their meta-
physical opinions) Gassendists, or Hobbists."-Prelim. Dissert.
Encyc. Brit., 7th ed., vol. i. 114, n.
See Gassendi's Syntagma Philosophicum for those views
of Reflection which Locke is supposed to have borrowed
from this philosopher.
"Locke," remarks Mr. Lewes, "distinctly enough foresaw the
idealistic and skeptical arguments which might be drawn from his
principles. He did not draw them, because he thought them frivol-
ons."-Biog. Hist. of Philos.: Locke: 2d ed., 1857.
Mr. Mill remarks:
"Few among the great names in philosophy have met with a
harder measure of justice from the present generation than Locke,
the unquestioned founder of the analytical philosophy of mind.”.
System of Logic, vol. i. p. 150.
A gentleman who has recently given to the world An
Historical and Critical View of the Speculative Philosophy
of Europe in the Nineteenth Century has been censured
in very decided terms for an alleged misrepresentation of
Locke's philosophy:
"It really mortifies us that these stale criticisms, which make
Locke a mere sensationalist, should be written anew in the history
of philosophy by a countryman of Locke's at this late day. Mr.
Morell has, as it were, permitted Cousin to hold his hand while he
writes the history of philosophy."-Hist. of Philosophy, by Sumuel
Tyler: South. Quar. Rev., Nov. 1856.
But the reader must examine the justice of the charge
for himself: we seldom take either side of a literary con- |
troversy, for the excellent reason that it is our duty to
present a fair exposition of both, and inflexible justice and
eager partisanship are not supposed to travel always in
company. As a striking evidence of the remarkable state
of judicial impartiality to which we have tutored ourselves,
we shall even quote Horne Tooke's astonishing criticism
on Locke's great work without a syllable of righteous in-
dignation. "The Essay," says this erudite philologist, is
merely
“a grammatical treatise, or a treatise on words, or on language.
It was a lucky mistake which Mr. Locke made when he called his
book an Essay on the Human Understanding. For some part of
the inestimable benefit of that book has, merely on account of its
title, reached to thousands more than I fear it would have dona
had he called it a Grammatical Essay. The human mind, or the
human understanding, appears to be a grand and noble theme; and
object for their contemplation, while inquiries into the nature of
all men, even the most insufficient, conceive that to be a proper
language are supposed to be beneath the concern of their exalted
understanding.”—Diversions of Purley.
We are gratified that Mr. Tooke acknowledges tho "in-
estimable benefit" of the Essay to "thousands." Perhaps
no critic ever more heartily rated the peculiarities of
Locke's philosophy than his former pupil, the Earl of
Shaftesbury, the famous author of the Characteristics.
Yet even he does not scruple to declare that the Essay is
"a book that may as well qualify men for business and the worla
as for the sciences and a university. No one has done more towards
the recalling of philosophy from barbarity into use and practice of
the world, and into the company of the better and politer sort, who
might well be ashamed of it in its other dress. No one has opened
a better and clearer way to reasoning."”—First Letter to a Student
at the University, Feb. 1707.
Dr. Reid, also, does not hesitate to differ from his in-
tellectual preceptor; yet he makes a very handsome ac-
knowledgment of his deep obligations to his lessons:
"I mention these things that when I have occasion to differ from
him I may not be thought insensible of the merit of an author
whom I highly respect, and to whom I owe my first lights in those
studies as well as my attachment to them."
Again:
"Of all Mr. Locke's works, his Essay on Human Understanding is
that which has contributed most to his fame; and the reputation
which it had from the beginning, and which it has gradually ac-
quired abroad, is a sufficient testimony of its merit."
The influence of Locke's Essay upon the mind of Jona-
than Edwards is very perceptible: this influence com-
menced in the early years of the author of the Treatise on
the Will.
"In the second year of his collegiate course," remarks his bio-
grapher," he read Locke on the Human Understanding with much
delight. His uncommon genius, by which he was naturally formed
for close thought and deep penetration, now began to discover and
exert itself. From his own account, he was inexpressibly enter-
tained and pleased with that book when he read it at college,—more
so than the most greedy miser when gathering up handfuls of silver
and gold from some newly-discovered treasure."-Life of President
Edwards: Elwards's Works, N. York. 1856, i. 2.
It is no difficult mattter to multiply our quotations upon
this grateful theme:
"The obligations we owe to him for the Essay on the IIuman
Understanding are never to be forgotten. It is truly the first real
chart of the coasts,-wherein some may be laid down incorrectly,
but the general relations of all are perceived. And we, who find
some things to censure in Locke, have perhaps learned how to cen-
sure them from himself: we have thrown off so many false notions
and films of prejudice by his help that we are become capable of
judging our master."-Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., Jan.
1854. iii. 385–386.
Again:
"We come at length to the work that has eclipsed every other, and
given to such inquiries whatever popularity they ever possessed,-
the Essay of Locke on the Human Understanding."-Ibid., p. 303.
To judge from the tone of some other modern writers,
we might suppose that Locke was, about the beginning of
the present century, almost entirely neglected in England:
"From 1792 to 1800 I seldom heard Locke mentioned in England:
his system, it was said, had become obsolete, and he was regarded
as weak in ideology."-Chateaubriand's Sketches of Eng. Lit, zd
ed., Lon., 1837, ii. 268.
A few years later than this-that is, in 1810-Lord
Jeffrey writes:
"The studies to which Mr. Stewart has devoted himself have
lately fallen out of favour with the English public; and the nation
which once placed the name of Locke immediately under those of
Shakspeare and of Newton, and has since repaid the metaphysical
labours of Berkeley and of Hume with such just celebrity, seems
to be almost without zeal or curiosity as to the progress of the
Philosophy of Mind."-Review of Dugald Stewart's Philosophical
Essays, in Edin. Rev., Nov. 1810; and in Jeffrey's Works, Edin.,
1853, 616.
We marvel at such jeremiads from so acute a critic as
Jeffrey; or, rather, we should marvel, did we not remem-
ber that reviewers of the didactic school must have some
text to expound from, whether it be canonical or other-
wise. Who doubts that the reputation of Locke really stood
much higher in the year in which Jeffrey wrote than it
had done at any preceding date?
had done at any preceding date? That Locke's name was
less in men's mouths than when his principles were un-
dergoing a careful scrutiny from metaphysical disciples in
1116
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all parts of Europe should be considered a matter of course.
The enterprise and energy of Columbus were lauded in
every household in Spain immediately after his return from
his newly discovered continent; but a few months later the
name of the discoverer was but rarely heard from those
who entered into his labours, peopled the wilderness, and
tilled the soil which he had first. made known to their
need or to their cupidity. Locke's name was perhaps but
seldom heard; but the influence of his doctrines had gone
forth throughout the earth, and the teachings of his wis-
dom to the end of the world. No pen has better expressed
the obligation of mankind to this illustrious teacher than
that of Sir James Mackintosh, himself no ignoble master
in the same school of philosophy :
"The diction he has adopted is, in general, such as does honour
to his judgment. Relinquishing ornament and studied cadences,
he is merely solicitous to convey his ideas with perspicuity and
precision. No affectation, no conceits, no daring metaphors or in-
verted periods. disfigure his pages; all is clear, easy, and natural,
of philosophy.”—DR. DRAKE.
1.
The great Locke, in a plain and severe style, well adapted to
the philosophical precision of his researches. unravelled the intri
cacies of the most interesting branch of philosophy by tracing
ideas to their source and developing the faculties of the mind."-
"Few books have contributed more than Mr. Locke's Essay to
rectify prejudice, to undermine established errors, to diffuse a
just mode of thinking, to excite a fearless spirit of inquiry, and
yet to contain it within the boundaries which Nature has pre-exhibiting a plain and simple style accommodated to the purposes
scribed to the human understanding. . . . His writings have dif
fused throughout the civilized world the love of civil liberty and
the spirit of toleration and charity in religious differences, with
the disposition to reject whatever is obscure, fantastic, or hypo-
thetical in speculation,-to reduce verbal disputes to their proper
value,―to abandon problems which admit of no solution.-to dis-Kett's Elements,
trust whatever cannot be clearly expressed.—to render theory the
simple expression of facts,—and to prefer those studies which most
directly contribute to human happiness. If Bacon first discovered
the rules by which knowledge is improved. Locke has most con-
tributed to make mankind at large observe them. If Locke
made few discoveries, Socrates made none: yet both did more for
the improvement of the understanding, and not less for the pro-
gress of knowledge, than the authors of the most brilliant dis-
coveries. Mr. Locke will ever be regarded as one of the great
ornaments of the English nation: and the most distant posterity
will speak of him in the language addressed to him by the poet:
'Q Decus Angliacæ certè. O Lux altera gentis!'
(GRAY: De Principiis Cogitandi.)”— Edin. Rev., xxvii. 180, xxxvi.
229; and in Mackintosh's Works, Lon., 1854, i. 343, 344.
Professor Smyth, when illustrating the "'connexion
that subsists between the genius and the freedom of the
human mind," remarks:
•
**
In our own country, in like manner. the immortal Locke, under
James II., was a student persecuted and silent: the world received
no benefit from the labours of his thoughts. But the lapse of a
few years and the renewal of a free form of government saw him
cherished and admired; saw him give to mankind his Treatise on
Government, his Reasonableness of Christianity, his Essay on
Toleration, his Essay on the Human Mind, and contribute more,
perhaps, than any individual who can be mentioned, to the best
interests of his fellow-creatures, by contributing to remove ob-
scurity from the mind, servility from the heart, and dogmatism
from the understanding."-Lects. on the Hist. of the French Revo
lution, Lect. II., ed. Lon., 1855, vol. i. p. 43.
Dr. Watt beautifully describes Locke's genius as "wide
as the sea, calm as the night, bright as the day."
LOCKE'S STYLE OF COMPOSITION:
Locke himself complains of his "discontinued way of
writing," and "writing by incoherent parcels," in conse-
quence of those vexatious interruptions which so often
sorely afflict men of letters. See Disraeli on the Literary
Character, ed. Lon., 1840, 439; and see also pp. 480, 483.
An eminent philosopher of the present day, who has
within the last few months been called from the world,
thus comments on Locke's philosophical style:
But Sir William does Locke less than justice; for it is
to be remembered that many commentators on this phi-
losopher," and among them both "Reid and Stewart,"
also commend Locke's style in high terms:
,
<<
He gave the first example in the English language of writing
on such abstract subjects with a remarkable degree of simplicity
an 1 perspicuity. His observations on the powers of the Human
Understanding, and on the use and abuse of words, shew in him
an uncommon degree of penetration and judgment."-DR. REID.
"His phraseology, though in general careless and unpolished.
has always the merit of that characteristical unity and raciness
of style which demonstrate that. while he was writing, he con-
ceived himself to be drawing only from his own resources. With
respect to his style, it may be further observed that it resembles
that of a well-educated and well-informed man of the world, rather
than of a recluse student who had made an object of the art of
composition: ... it may be presumed to have contributed its share
towards his great object of turning the thoughts of his contempo-
raries to logical and metaphysical inquiries."-DUGALD STEWART:
First Prelim. Dissert, to Encyc. Brit., 7th ed., vol. i. 104.
|
of the English to perceive in it the manners of a man who has
lived in the best society, and who expresses his thoughts without
pedantry, in the most clear, most simple, and most familiar terms
I need not tell you that the eminent characteristic of this
style is clearness."-Cousin's Course of the Hist. of Mod. Philos.
Wight's Trans., N. York. 1854. ii. 171.
His writings are characterized by clearness, precision. open-
ness, and determinateness.”—Dr. Schwegler's Hist. of Philos.,
Scelye's Trans., N. York, 1856, 193.
"In English. Mr. Locke's celebrated Treatise on Human Under-
standing may be pointed out as a model of the greatest clearness
and distinctness of philosophical style, with very little approach
to ornament:
to ornament; ... perspicuous and pure, but almost without any
ornament whatever."-Blair's Lects. on Rhetoric, Phila., 1854, 202,
411.
We give some more opinions upon Locke's style; and
we think that the wide difference of eminent critics upon
this point will somewhat amuse the reader:
"In regard to style, it is generally agreed that the prose of
Locke is the best of his times; and it requires no great knowledge
“Locke and [Adam] Smith chose an easy, clear, and free, but
somewhat loose and verbose, style,—more concise in Locke, more
elegant in Smith.-in both exempt from pedantry, but not void of
ambiguity and repetition."-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH: Works, Len.,
1854. i. 309.
Of the character of Locke as a man, and as an honest
"In his language Locke is of all philosophers the most figura-seeker for truth, we have already had occasion to speak;
tive, ambiguous, vacillating, various, and even contradictory,as and the theme is so pleasing that we are glad to refer to
has been noticed by Reid and Stewart, and by Brown himself-in-
deed, we believe, by every author who has had occasion to com-
it again:
ment on this philosopher. The opinions of such a writer are not,
therefore, to be assumed from isolated and casual expressions,
which themselves require to be interpreted on the general analogy,
of his system."-SIR WILLIAM HAMILTON: Reid and Brown: Edin.
Rev., lii. 189.
"There is no excuse for not understanding Locke. If his lan-
guage be occasionally loose and wavering, his meaning is always
to be gathered from the context. He had not the lucidity of
Descartes or Hobbes: but he was most anxious to make himself
intelligible, and to this end he varied his expressions and stated
his meaning in a variety of forms. He must not be taken literally.
No single passage is to be relied on, unless it be borne out by the
whole tenor of his speculations. Any person merely dipping into'
the Essay will find passages which seem very contradictory; any
person carefully reading it through will find all clear and coherent."
-Lowes's Biog. Hist. of Philos: Locke, 2d ed., 1857.
3.
-
The style of Locke is wanting in philosophical precision: it is
a good model of the English language. but too idiomatic and col-
loquial, too indefinite and figurative, for the abstruse subjects with
which he has to deal. We miss in every page the translucent sim-
plicity of his great French predecessors. This seems to have been
owing, in a considerable degree, to an excessive desire of popular
izing the subject and shunning the technical pedantry which has
repelled the world from intellectual philosophy...
Locke is cer-
tainly a good writer, relatively to the greater part of his contempo-
raries: his plain and manly sentences often give us pleasure by the
wording above. But he has some defects. In his Essay on the Hu-
man Understanding he is often too figurative for the subject. In
all his writings, and especially in the Treatise on Education, he is
occasionally negligent, and, though not vulgar, at least according
to the idiom of his age, slovenly in the structure of his sentences
as well as the choice of his words: he is not. in mere style, very
forcible, and certainly not very elegant.”—Hallam's Lit. Hist. of
Europe, 4th ed., Lon., 1854. iii. 366, 559.
Moore, referring to Locke's answer to Newton's famous
letter to the former, remarks:
<.
•
Verboseness is its great fault, as it is of most of Locke's writings,
except (as Lord L. remarked) in a sort of a report of a debate at
which he was present, inserted in his works. where he has given
one of the concisest and clearest specimens of reporting that per
as exist."-Diary of Thomas Moore, in his Memoirs, &c., Lon,
1853. iv. 154.
"All his contemporaries, and. what is better, all the known
actions of his life, testify that no one was more sinetely and con-
stantly attached to truth, virtue, and the cause of haman liberty.
He loved and served this noble cause: he even had the honour of
suffering for it, but without ever departing from the most perfect
moderation.”—Cousin's Course of the Hist, of Mod. Philos., Wight's
Trans., N. York, 1854. ii. 165.
"No quality more remarkably distinguishes Locke than his love
of truth. He is of no sect or party, has no oblique design, such as
we so frequently perceive, of sustaining some tenet which he sup
presses, no submissiveness to the opinions of others, nor-what very
few lay aside-to his own.”—Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed.,
Lon.. 1854. iii. 382.
"We cannot part from him without bearing testimony to his
singular independence of mind, his acuteness and strength of in-
tellect, his rectitude of character, his honest and unflinching search
after truth. and his zeal for the diffusion of a manly, intelligent
piety."―Morell's Hist, and Crit. View of the Spec. Philos. of
Europe. N. York, 1848, 95.
In connexion with Mr. Morell's last-quoted paragraph,
the reader will be plensed
the reader will be pleased to read the following lines,
extracted from Locke's paper, entitled Pacific Christians,
containing eleven articles:
"If any one find any doctrinal parts of Scripture difficult to be
understood, we recommend him-1st. The Study of the Scriptures
in humility and singleness of heart. 2d. Prayer to the Father of
lights to enlighten him. 3d. Obedience to what is already revealed
to him, remembering that the practice of what we know is the
surest way to more knowledge.-our infallible guide having told
us, If any man will do the will of him that sent me he shall know
of the doctrine.-John vii. 17. 4th. We leave him to the advice
1117
LOC
LOC
and assistance of those whom he thinks best able to instruct him,-
no men, or society of men, having any authority to impose their
opinions or interpretations on any other, the meanest Christian;
since, in matters of religion, every man must know and believe
and give an account for himself."
See Lord King's Life of Locke, ed. 1831, ii. 63–67.
"Shakspeare, Milton, Locke, and Newton are four names beyond
competition superior to any that the Continent can put against
them."-SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH.
In addition to the many authorities already quoted, see
also Life of Locke, in Biog. Brit.; Life of Locke, by James
Browne, LL.D., in Encyc. Brit., 7th ed.; Original Letters
of John Locke, Algernon Sidney, and Lord Shaftesbury,
with an Analytical Sketch of the Writings and Opinions
of Locke and other Metaphysicians, by T. Forster, 2d ed.,
Lon., 1847, 8vo, privately printed; Locke's Writings and
Philosophy Historically Considered and Vindicated from
the Charge of contributing to the Skepticism of David
Hume, by Edward Tagart, 1855, Sro, pp. 516, (see Lon.
Athen., 1855, 941, 976;) Thought and Language, an Es-
say having in view the Revival, Correction, and Exclu-
sive Establishment of Locke's Philosophy, (see Lon.
Athen., 1855, 1114;) The Intellectualism of Locke, by
Thomas E. Webb, 1857, Svo, (see Lon. Athenæum, 1857,
1161, 1177;) Lects. on Locke, or, The Principles of
Logic, 1840, 8vo; Blakey's Hist. of the Philos. of
Mind; Schlosser's Hist. of the 18th Cent., 1856, i. 167, ii.
103, n., 104, 406; Prof. Smyth's Lects. on Mod. Hist.,
Lects. 17, 24; Lord Jeffrey's Contrib. to Edin. Rev., 1853,
636; Alison's Hist. of Europe, 1789-1815, chap. xxxiv.;
Lieber's Political Ethics, Bost., 1847, 1, 27; Edin. Rev., 1.
1; Brit. Quar. Rev., xii. 29; Lon. Month. Rev., exix. 498;
Blackw. Mag., iii. 509, iv. 682, xiii. 387, xvi. 227, 420,
xxiv. 815, xxxvii. 5, xxxix. 798, 801, 802, xl. 627, 631,
641, xli. 259, xliii. 190, xlvi. 669; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1849,
Pt. 2, 562, 1850, Pt. 1, 393; N. Amer. Rev., xxix. 78, (by
A. H. Everett) Amer. Quar. Rev., xii. 354; Meth. Quar.
Re, iii. 609, (by D. W. Clark;) Amer. Month. Rev., ii.
265, Chris. Exam.. xi. 380, (by W. B. O. Peabody,) xxiii.
173; Bost. Liv. Age, xxvii. 424; and the following
Lives in this Dictionary:-BURNET, THOMAS; BUTLER,
JOSEPH; COCKBURN, MRS. CATHERINE; FILMER, SIR
ROBERT FLEETWOOD, WILLIAM, D.D.; HOLDSWORTH,
WINCH, D.D.; JENYNS, SOAME; KING, LORD PETER;
LARDNER, DIONYSIUS, LL.D.; LAW, EDMUND; LEE,
HENRY, D.D.; LONG, THOMAS.
Perhaps we cannot better conclude our notice of this
great man than with a quotation from a late eminent
prelate, once a distinguished member of the Republic of
Letters:
"I would observe of the Works of Locke, that his reasoning is
ever, where profound and his language masculine. Let them be
ever upon your table; and, when you have an hour to spare from
business or pleasure, spend it with them, and I will answer for
their giving you entertainment and instruction as long as you live."
-BISHOP WATSON.
Locke, John. 1. Treat. on the Game Laws; 4th ed.
Lon., 1856, 12mo. 2. Law of Foreign
2. Law of Foreign Attachment, &c.,
1851, 12mo.
Locke, John G., husband of Mrs. Jane Ermina
Locke, a native of Ashby, Mass., has pub. Book of the
Lockes; a Genealogical and Historical Record, &c., Bost.,
1852, r. Svo.
Locke, Mary. Eugenius; a Poem, Lon., 1791, 4to.
Locke, Matthew. See Lock.
Locke, Richard. Circle Squared, Lon., 1730, '51,
8vo.
Locke, Richard Adams, formerly editor of The
New York Sun and The New Era, gained considerable
celebrity as the author of Extraordinary Discoveries in
the Moon by Sir John Herschell, (a hoax,) The Lost
MSS. of Mungo Park, (a hoax,) &c. See Poe's Literati.
Locker, Edward Hawke, 1777-1849, a son of
Admiral Locker, and a native of Kent. 1. Catalonia; a
Poem, Lon., 1811, er. Svo. 2. In conjunction with Charles
Knight, The Plain Englishman, a Periodical; 2d ed., 1821,
3 vols. Svo. 3. Popular Lects. on the Bible and Liturgy,
1821, cr. 8vo; 1833, Svo. 4. Views in Spain in 1813,
1824, 4to: commended in Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825,
322. Mr. Locker edited Memoirs of Celebrated Naval
Commanders, 1832, imp. Svo, and projected a Life of
George III. See Lockhart's Life of Scott, Abbotsford
ed., Edin., 1850, 641; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1849, Pt. 2, 653,
"An old and dear friend of Scott's."-J. G. LOCKHART: ubi supra.
Locker, John, d. 1760, wrote the Preface to Vol-
taire's Life of Charles XII., and trans. the two first books:
the others were trans. by Dr. Jebb. See Dr. Johnson's
Life of Addison; Ward's Gresham Professors; Nichols's
Lit. Anec.
Locker, John. Money System, Lon., 1809, Svo.
Lockett, A. Trans. of Arabic Syntax, 1815, r. 4to.
Lockhart, George, of Carnwath, 1673-1732, son of
Sir George Lockhart, and a member of the Scotch Parlia-
ment, was distinguished for his opposition to the Union
and the House of Hanover. 1. Memoirs concerning the
Affairs of Scotland, 1702-1707, Lon., 1714, Svo. Sur-
reptitiously pub. Three eds. appeared in this year. The
key to the names should accompany the volume. In 1817
(Edin., 2 vols. 4to, edited by Mr. Anthony Aufrere) ap-
peared THE LOCKHART PAPERS: Memoirs on the Affairs
of Scotland, and Secret Correspondence with the Pre-
tender, 1702-1728, of G. Lockhart, of Carnwath, and Jour.
nals and Memoirs of the Expedition of Charles Edwar}
in 1745, from the originals.
CC
Through the mazes of political intrigue and conflicting stato
ments we find a trusty guide in Lockhart of Carnwath. It is in
possible to read the Memoirs and Letters of that gentleman without
high respect for his character.”—LORD MAHON,
A staunch Jacobite, and a strenuous opponent of the Uzion..
The original journal of this simple-minded and high-spiritest young
Highlander, who seems to have wooed danger as a bride, will be
found in the Lockhart Papers, vol. ii. p. 479.-SIR WALTER SCOTT.
A biographical account of Lockhart will be found in
Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scots-
men, 1855, vol. iii. 476-484. See also Blackw. Mag., i. 86.
Lockhart, James. Cubic Equations, &c., 1813-15.
Lockhart, John Ingram. Trans. of Bernal Diaz's
Memoirs of the Discovery and Conquest of Mexico, &c.,
Lon., 1840, 2 vols. Svo; 1844, 2 vols. Svo. See KEATINGE,
COL. MAURICE, No. 2.
•
+
Lockhart, John Gibson, 1794-1854, a native of
Lanarkshire, the son of a minister of the Church of Scot-
land, was educated at the University of Glasgow and at
Baliol College, Oxford, where he acquired great dis-
tinction, and became a member of the Scottish Bar in
1816. On the establishment of Blackwood's Magazine he
became a contributor to its columns, and also wrote for
the Edin. Annual Register; and his literary propensities
were confirmed for life by his marriage, in 1820, to Sophia,
In 1826, he removed
eldest daughter of Sir Walter Scott.
to London, and from that time till 1853 was the editor
of the London Quarterly Review; visited Rome, for the
benefit of his health, in 1853, and returned to die at Ab-
botsford, the residence of his son-in-law, James Robert
Hope, November 25, 1854. 1. Peter's Letters to his Kins-
folk, Edin., 1819, 3 vols. Svo, 13 portraits and 4 vignettes.
Pub. under the name of Dr. Peter Morris, the Odontist
In this work we have lively-sometimes satirical-sketches
of Scottish society.
"What an acquisition it would have been to our general in-
formation to have had such a work written, I do not say fifty, but
even five-and-twenty years ago! and how much of grave and gay
might then have been preserved, as it were in amber, which have
now mouldered away! When I think that, at an age not much
younger than yours, I knew Black, Ferguson, Robertson, Erskine,
Adam Smith, John Home, &c., and at least saw Burns, I can appre-
ciate better than any one the value of a work which, like this,
would have handed them down to posterity in their living colours."
Sir Walter Scott to Lockhart, July 19, 1819: Secti's Life, 404.
"It gives us the pictures, mental and bodily, of some of the
leading men of Scotland with great truth and effect. It is a sin-
gular hotch-potch, and full of wit and humour."-ALLAN CUNNING
HAM: Biog, and Crit. Hist, of Eng. for the Last Ffty Years. 1853.
"
· Nobody but a very young and a very thoughtless person could
have dreamed of putting forth such a book. . . . Since I have
alluded to Peter's Letters at all, I may as well take the opportunity
of saying that they were not wholly the work of one hand.”—J. G.
LOCKHART: Life of Scott.
The coadjutor is supposed to have been Professor Wilson.
See Blackw. Mag., iv. 612, 745, vi. 288.
2. Valerius; a Roman Story, 1821, 3 vols. 12mo. Anon.
"The most successful attempt which has ever yet been made to
engraft the interest of modern romance on ancient story: its ex-
treme difficulty may be judged by the brilliant genius of Bulwer
having alone rivalled him in the undertaking. '—Sir Archibald
Alison's Hist, of Europe, 1815–52, chap. v.
64
• Though the skeleton was dug out of the grave, he has clothed
it so dexterously with flesh and muscle, and breathed into it so
strongly the breath of life, that it seems the work of nature."-
ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog, and Crit. Hist., &c.
"It is an attempt, in short, which, though creditable to the
spirit and talents of the author, we think he has done wisely in
not seeking to repeat, and which, though it has not failed through
any deficiency of his, has been prevented, we think, from succeed-
ing by the very nature of the subject."-LORD JEFFREY: Euin.
Rev., Oct. 1823, and in his Contrib, to Edin. Rev., Edin., 1853, 714.
"Very interesting, and done with ability, by a clever schoolboy
with more wit than learning. All these attempts at making one
at home eighteen hundred years ago are, and must be, failures.
We cannot do at Rome as the Romans did; and the attempts fail
from trying to be too ancient.”—Portfolio of a Man of the World,
Sept. 26, 1822: Lon. Gent. Mag.. 1846, Pt. 1, 583, q. v.
See also Blackw. Mag., Jan. 1822.
3. Adam Blair; a Story of Scottish Life, 1822, 12mo.
Anon. With Matthew Wald, 1843, 12mo.
1118
LOC
LOC
"Amid scones of dramatic talent and passages impressed with
the finest sensibilities, there is evidence now and then of the dis-
compered feeling of the German school."—Allan Cunningham's
Biog, and Crit. Hist., &c.
"It is a story of great power and interest, though neither very
pleasing, nor very moral, nor very intelligible."-Lord Jeffrey's
Contrib. to Edin. Rev., 1853, 717.
See MACKENZIE, Henry, No. 4.
4. Reginald Dalton; a Story of English University
Life, 1823, 3 vols. 12mo; Anon., 1842, 12mo.
"Exhibits talents of an order admirably fitted : excel in the
study of fiction."-Allan Cunningham's Bing, and Crit. Hist., &c.
See Lon. Month. Rev., ciii. 199.
!
"July 23.-Read Reginald Dalton, by the author of Valerius:
delighted. Felt quite at home at Oxford, though the town and
gown riots are rather overdone; but the generous spirit of the
young men, the manly, dashing, reckless feelings of the place, are
nobly drawn; and the whole book is interesting and entertaining,
-rather lengthy, perhaps, but a capital novel."-Portfolio of a Man
of the World: Lon. Gent. Mag., 1848, Pt. 2, 357.
5. Ancient Spanish Ballads, Historical and Romantic,
trans., with Notes, 1823, 4to. Last and best ed., with
Life and portrait of Lockhart, beautifully illustrated by
Owen Jones, &c., Murray, 1856, sm. 4to, £2 28. Popular
ed., 1856, p. Svo, 28. 6d.
I
“A more appropriately as well as beautifully embellished volume
never was offered to the world."-Edin. Rev.
Also highly commended by the Athenæum, Examiner,
&c. These translations were originally pub. in Black-
wood's Magazine, and some of them appeared in an ed.
of Motteux's trans. of Don Quixote, edited, with Notes, by
Lockhart, in 1822, 5 vols. 8vo.
"Lockhart's Notes and Poetical Versions of Old Castilian Ballads,
appended to the recent edition of Motteux, have rendered it by far,
the most desirable translation."-W. H. PRESCOTT, the historian:
N. Amer. Rer., July, 1837; and in his Miscellanies, Bost., 1855, 170.
"With notes and illustrative translations, full of spirit and grace,
by Mr. J. G. Lockhart.”—Ticknor's Hist. of Spanish Lit., 2d ed.,
N. York, 1854, iii. 420.
Of Lockhart's Spanish Ballads we have many compli-
mentary notices before us:
"These Spanish ballads are known to our public, but generally
with inconceivable advantage, by the very fine and animated trans-
lations of Mr. Lockhart."-Hallams Lit. Hist. of Europe, 4th ed.,
Lon.. 1854, ii, 112,
I
It is not a little remarkable that no collection has yet
been published of Lockhart's papers in the London Quar-
terly. For these contributions he received payment at
the usual rate, in addition to his salary as editor, of £1500
This source of income, in addition to his re-
per annum.
ceipts (at least £600 a year) as Auditor of the Duchy of
Cornwall, and property inherited from his family, placed
Lockhart in very comfortable circumstances. As editor
of the Quarterly, he had the advantage of succeeding a
man who could count his enemies by thousands and reckon
his friends on his fingers. (See GIFFORD, WILLIAM, P.
667 of this Dictionary.)
"Mr. Lockhart's spirited volume of Spanish ballads, to which
the art of the modern translator has given the charm of the vigor-
ous old poets.”—Miss Mitford's Recollec. of a Lit. Life, chap. xvi.
The admirably spirited translations of Mr. Lockhart. . . . A
work of genius beyond any of the sort known to me in any lan-
guage."-Ti-knor's Hist. of Spanish Lit., 2d ed., N. York, 1854, i.
127, iii. 395. See also i. 145, n.
considered as the most interesting work of biography in the Eng-
lish language."-SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON: Hist of Europe, 1816-52,
chap. v.
The charm of the work is mainly owing to its being so imbued
with the spirit of the subject that it may almost be regarded as an
autobiography."-Ibil.: Essays, 1850, iii. 388.
"These translations derive, as I have said, not a little of their
excellence from Mr. Lockhart's being himself a poet of fine genius,
clear in his conceptions and masculine in execution. . . . What
was tame he inspired; what was lofty gained additional grandeur;
and even the tender-as in the lay of Count Alarcos—grew still
more pathetic beneath his touch.”—Moir's Setches of the Puet. Lit.
of the Past Half-Century, 1851, 294.
Its present accomplished editor. Lockhart, who at a short in-
terval Sir John T. Coleridge was editor for one year) succeeded Gif-
ford in its direction. brought to his arduous task qualities which
eminently fitted him for its duties. He is not political in his dis-
position. at least so far as engaging in the great strife of public
questions is concerned: he is one of the light, not the heavy armed,
infantry, and prefers exchanging thrusts with a court rapier to
wielding the massive club of Hercules. [See Alison's foot-note to
this paragraph.] But in the lighter branches of literature he has
deservedly attained the very highest eminence. As a novelist, a
critic, and a biographer. he has taken a lasting place in English
literature."-SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON: Hist. of Europe, 1815–52,
CC
"All other translations fade away before them.”—Allan Cunning-
ham's Biog, and Crit. Hist., &c.
|
"Fortunate as Sir Walter Scott was in his life, it was not the
least of his good fortunes that he left the task of recording it to
one so competent as Mr. Lockhart, who to a familiarity with the
person and habits of his illustrious subject unites such entire sym-
pathy with his pursuits. and such fine tact and discrimination in
arranging the materials for publication.”—WM. II. PRESCOTT: Mis-
cell., 1855, 178. q. r.
"The most impressive and instructive life, and one that awakens
the tenderest sympathies."-CHANCELLOR KENT.
"One of the most delightful books in the language,-in all parts
full of interest, which becomes of a melancholy cast towards the
close.”—GEO. STILLMAN HILLARD.
“Mr. Lockhart's picturesque version of the Moorish ballads."
Prescott's Ferdinand and Isabella, 11th ed., Bost., 1856, 99.
"Long esteemed for the spirit and elegance with which the poet
has exhibited the peculiar beauties of this literature in our Eng-
lish dress."-Serymgrour's Poets and Poetry of Brit,, Edin..,1850, 486.
"Fine, spirit-stirring strains in general, translated and trans-
fused into our tongue with admirable felicity.”—Blackw. Mag., xiii.
316-357.
|
See also Lon. and Westm. Rev.; Lon. Times; Bost.
Chris. Exam., xxxii. 272; Henry Reed's Lects. on English
Lit., Phila., 1855, 150.
6. Matthew Wald; a Novel, 1824, 12mo. With Adam
Blair, 1843, 12mo. See Lon. Month. Rev., cv. 382. 7.
Life of Robert Burns, 1828, Svo; 5th ed., 1847, fp. Svo.
"The volume now before us is written-we were about to say
with great skill, but we must use a better word-with perfect
understanding and feeling of Burns's genius and character."
Blackw. Mag., xxiii. 667–715, q. v.
"Several lives have been written of Burns the poet: that of
John Gibson Lockhart is the last and best."-Allan Cunningham's
Biog. and Crit. Hist., &c., 1833.
Lockhart's manners, indeed, were quite as unpopular as
Gifford's criticisms; but the chilling influence of an austere
deportment is not to be compared in its effects with the
hot blood engendered by a virulent pen.
"A change was soon visible in the character of the Review: it
showed a wider and a deeper sympathy in the fortunes of genius;
the insults which Shelley had suffered were, in some measure, atoned
for; praise was extended to the classic fancy of Keats; and, iu
short, good-will to all who could claim a share in feeling and ima-
gination was the order of the day."—ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog.
and Crit. Hist., &c.
See Blackw. Mag., xxiii. 667.
8. Life of Napoleon, (vols. i. and ii. of Murray's Family
Library.) 1829, 2 vols. 12mo; 1830, 2 vols. 12mo.
chap. v.
"NORTH. You alluded a little while ago to the Quarterly Re-
view, James. What think you of it under the new management?
"SHEPHERD. Na: I wad raither hear your ain opinion.'
"NORTH. I may be somewhat too partial to the young gentle-
man. James, who is now editor, and, indeed, consider him as a
child of my own."-Noctes Ambros.. Nov. 1826.
North gives his opinion in a later paper:
See also North's Man of Ton, in Blackw. Mag., xxiii.
S41, and in Wilson's Works, Edin. and Lon., 1856, vol. i.
202-203. A notice of Lockhart's contributions to Black-
wood, and an excellent review of his literary life in general,
will be found in a Memoir of John Gibson Lockhart, by
Dr. R. Shelton Mackenzie, prefixed to his ed. of Noctes
Ambrosianæ. N. York, 1855, 5 vols. 12mo. See also Life
of Lockhart prefixed to the illustrated ed. of Spanish
Ballads; Lon. Gent. Mag., Jan. 1855. 91; biographical
notice in the Times, (attributed to Lord Robertson ;) Cham-
bers and Thomson's Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, vol.
v.; Fraser's Mag., ii. 77, (with a portrait:) Rev. E. D.
Griffin's Remains, N. York, 1831, 2 vols.; Gilfillan's First
Gallery of Literary Portraits; Alison's Essays, Edin. and
Lou., 1850, ii. 420; Blackw. Mag., xxviii. 396; Bost. Liv.
Age, xliv. 147; HOOK, THEODORE EDWARD; SCOTT, SIR
WALTER. It is asserted that Lockhart left an autobio-
"This little book has been lauded by all parties equally and most
justly."-Blackw, Mag., xxvi. 416, q. v.
9. Ilist. of the Late War, with Sketches of Nelson, Wel-graphy in MS. If this be so, we trust that it will not be
lington, and Napoleon, 1832, 18mo. See Blackw. Mag.,
See Blackw. Mag., withheld from the public.
xxv. 798, xxvi. 416. 10. Memoirs of the Life of Sir
Walter Scott, Bost., 1836-38, 7 vols. 8vo; 1839, 10 vols.
12mo; best ed., (the Abbotsford) Edin., 1850, imp. Svo.
Certain portions of this work elicited two pamphlets from
the executors of James Ballantyne, the first of which
was replied to by Lockhart in the Ballantyne Humbug
Handled.
"Executed with so much skill, and in so admirable a manner,
that, next to Boswel's Life of Johnson, it will probably always be
"NORTH. The Quarterly Review is a great national work, and
may it live forever! Notwithstanding his not unfrequent over-
sights, not a man alive could edit it in such a style as Mr. Lock-
hart.””—Nocles Ambros,. March. 1831, q. v.
"I have carefully preserved," proceeds North, "among other
relics of departed worth, the beautiful manuscript of the first
article he ever sent me.”
Lockhart, Samuel. Tumour; Med. Com., 1792.
Lockhart, Col. W. Letter to the Speaker. 1659.
Lockie, John. Topography of London, 1810.
Lockier, Francis, D.D. Serm., 1726, 4to.
Lockier, Nicholas. See LOCKYER.
Lockman, Dr. Inflammation of the Matrix; trans.
by R. Samber, Lon., 1731, Svo.
Lockman, John, 1698–1771, wrote some of the Lives
in the General Dictionary, including Bayle's Dictionary,
1119
LOC
LOD
Lon., 1734-41, 10 vols. fol., (see BIRCH, THOMAS,) and
pub. a number of translations, &c., among which were
Travels of the Jesuits, 1743, 2 vols. Svo; 1762, 2 vols. 8vo.
See Biog. Dramat.; Boswell's Life of Johnson; Nichols's
Lit. Anec.; Lon. Gent. Mag., lxii. 314.
Lockwood, Anthony. Nova Scotia, 1818.
Lockyer, Charles. Trade in India, 1711, 8vo.
Lockyer, Nicholas, 1612-1684, a Presbyterian di-
vine, pub. a number of serms. and theolog. treatises,
1645-71.
"His writings shew him to have been very zealous and affection-
ate, earnestly bent upon the conversion of souls."-Calamy's Non-
conformists.
See also Athen. Oxon.; Harwood's Alumni Etonenses.
Lockyer, S. St. Bartholomew's Day; a Summer's
a Summer's
Tale, 1572, and other Poems.
"One of the most promising volumes of first poems we re-
member."-Lon. Athen., 1856, 1112.
Lockwood, James, 1714-1772, minister of Wethers-
field, Conn., pub. occasional serms., 1754, '55, '56, '58, '63.
See Sprague's Annals.
Lockwood, Samuel, D.D., d. 1791, aged 69, brother
of the preceding, pub. the Election Serm., 1774. See
Sprague's Annals.
Loddige, Conrad, and Sons. Botanical Cabinet,
200 Pts. in 20 vols. 4to, with 2000 plates, Lon., 1817-24,
£25; large paper, £50. An invaluable work.
Loder, Robert. Statutes, &c. rel. to Alms-Houses,
1792, 4to. See HAWES, ROBERT.
Lodge, Edmund, 1756-1839, a native of London,
for a short time a Cornet in the King's own regiment of
Dragoons, became Blue-Mantle Pursuivant-at-Arms, 1782;
Lancaster Herald, 1793; Norroy, 1822; Clarenceux, 1838.
He was a learned antiquary and an excellent writer. 1. Il-
lustrations of British History, Lon., 1791, 2 vols. 4to, £6
68.; 2d ed., revised and corrected, with addits., 1838, 3
vols. 8vo, £1 168.
"Such works are as the pillars which serve at once to strengthen
and adorn the edifices of HISTORY; and few countries can boast of
such aids and embellishments as our own."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp.,
ed. 1825, 297.
"Mr. Lodge's talents as an historian and antiquarian are well
known to the public by his admirable collection of ancient letters
and documents, entitled Illustrations of British History, a book
which I have very frequently consulted, and have almost always
succeeded in finding not only the information required, but collected
a great deal more as I went in search of it.”—SIR_Walter Scott.
Also highly commended by Sir S. E. Brydges, Gifford,
Park, Seward, &c.
2. Memoirs attached to Chamberlaine's Imitations of
Original Drawings by Hans Holbein, 1792-1800, 82 Plates,
atlas fol., £52 108.; 1812, imp. 4to, £15 158.
"Let me unhesitatingly introduce this very charming, costly, and
captivating performance to the attention of every tasteful collector,
be he young' or be he 'old.'"'-Dibdin's Lib. Comp., ed. 1825,
512, q. v.
6.
One of the most magnificent books that we have ever seen, and,
whether we consider the genius of the painter or the talents of the
engravers, reflects high honour on the age and nation which pro-
duced it."-Lon. Monthly Review.
•
See CHAMBERLAINE, JOHN.
The
3. Life of Sir Julius Cæsar, with Memoirs of his Family
and Descendants, with 18 portraits, 1810, 4to; 1827, 4to.
Anon. 4. Portraits of Illustrious Personages of Great
Britain: vols. i., ii., iii., 1821, 3 vols. fol.; vol. iv., 1834, fol.,
£90; large paper, r. fol., India proof, 44 Nos., at £5 58.
each, £210 complete. Vol. iv. is not uniform in size with
vols. i., ii., and iii. There are 240 portraits in all eds., but
in the first just noticed the engravings are on copper: in
the other eds. they are on steel. The coppers were destroyed
immediately after the publication of the first ed.
finest copy of this work ever offered for sale was that of
Mr. Harding, the publisher, (1st ed.,) which contained
many duplicate plates. Some of the unlettered proofs
have brought five to ten guineas each. The cost of getting
up Lodge's Portraits, painting, engraving, printing, &c.
printing, &c.
exceeded £40,000. We notice the other eds. 2. 1823-30,
12 vols. sm. 4to, £31 10s. 3. 1825, 12 vols. 4to, large
paper, proofs, £50; proofs, r. 4to, £60. 4. 1835, 12 vols.
4. 1835, 12 vols.
r. 8vo, £30. 5. 1840, 10 vols. r. 4to, £28. 6. 1840, 10
vols. 4to, £17. 7. 1840, 10 vols. r. 8vo, £11 118. 8.
1845-46, 8 vols. fp. 8vo, £2 12s. 6d. 9. 1849-50, 8 vols.
fp. 8vo, £2. 10. 1852, 8 vols. 8vo, £2.
¦
:
**
· A collection which at once satisfies the imagination and the
understanding,-shewing us, by the pencil, how the most distin-
guished of our ancestors looked, moved, and dressed,—and informs
us, by the pen, how they thought, acted, lived, and died.”—SIR
WALTER SCOTT.
"Such a union of various talents-such a Gallery of Illustrious
Dead-was scarcely ever before presented to the eyes of the public
in colours almost as vivid and sparkling as if the ORIGINALS Occupied
the canvas when their copies were taken. These short pieces
of biography are indeed admirable,-very models of taste, and as
..
•
characteristic as the portraits themselves."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp
(q. v..) ed. 1825, 515.
Also praised by La Belle Assemblée, Literary Gazette,
The collection entitled Phy-
Literary Museum, &c.
siognomical Portraits, 100 plates, large paper. India proof,
pub. in 1824, 10 Parts, at £21, should accompany Lodge's
Portraits. Among the former is the celebrated head of
Michael Angelo by Cosmo Armstrong, which Raphael
Morghen acknowledged his inability to imitate.
Add to these works the following:
Freheri Theatrum Virorum Eruditione clarorum, omnis
ævi omniumque Nationum, 2 vols. thick folio, with 1312
small portraits, Norib. 1688.
"Whoever is engaged in the investigation of the history of the
revival of learning must experience great advantage from the pos-
session of this biographical collection. The sketches of characters
distinguished for their literary attainments are concise sometimes
to abruptness; but the catalogues subjoined, descriptive of the
different authors, are highly useful and important. It is curious
also on another account: the work contains no less than 1312 por-
traits, of which a great many are Englishmen. These volumes have
not hitherto produced any very large sum in the market, (usually
about £7 78.,) but it is impossible that their value should not pro-
gressively increase, as well from the difficulty of procuring them
on the Continent as from their own intrinsic importance.”—Clas
sical Journal, No. 6.
5. Annual Peerage and Baronetage of Great Britain;
26th ed., 1857, r. Svo. Respecting this work, see the bio-
graphical notice of Mr. Lodge in the Lon. Gent. Mag., 1839,
Pt. 1, 434. 6. Genealogy of the British Empire, 1848, 8vo;
2d ed., 1849, r. Svo. To Mr. Lodge we are also indebted
for the Preface to vol. ii. of the Antiquarian Repertory, the
Preface to Sir Hanbury Williams's Poems, and reviews of
the Sadler Papers, History of London, Scott's ed. of Swift,
&c. in the London Quarterly Review. A notice of Mr.
Lodge, with a portrait, will be found in Fraser's Magazine,
xiv. 595.
Lodge, Dr. G. Henry, of Boston, Mass. 1. The,
Hist. of Ancient Art among the Greeks; trans. from the
German of John Wincklemann, Bost., 1849, imp. Svo.
"Such a work ought to be in the library of every artist and man
of taste; and even the most general reader will find in it much to
instruct and much to interest him."-Lon. Allas.
“Would that we could induce every one of our readers to buy
and peruse that great work [Wincklemann's Ilist. of Ancient Art.-
complete! What a fine source of enjoyment and culture it would
prove to them!"-Corresp. of the Amer. Pub. Circ., N. York, Feb
16, 1856.
Lodge, John. Serm., &c., 1793, '99.
Lodge, Oliver, Curate of St. Margaret Barking
Lects. on the Gospel of St. Matthew. Lon., 1818, Svo.
Lodge, Thomas, M.D., d. 1625, an actor and dra-
matic poet of considerable celebrity in his day, educated
at Trinity College, Oxford, pub. a number of dramatio
pieces, novels, songs, &c., translations of Josephus and
Seneca, and other works. Among his publications, some
of which have brought high prices in the present century,
are: 1. Alarum against Vsurers, &c., 1584, 4to. Bindley
sale. £27. 2. Rosalynd, Lon., 1590, 1623, 42, 4to. Bibi.
Anglo-Poet., 421, £20. From part of this novel Shak-
speare borrowed the plot of his As You Like It. 3. Life
and Death of William Longbeard, 1593, 4to. 4. The
Wounds of Civil War, 1594, 4to. 5. The Divel Conjured,
1596, 4to. 6. Wits Miserie and the Worldes Madnesse,
1596, 4to. 7. With Robert Greene, A Looking Glasse for
London and England, 1594, 4to. 8. A Fig for Momus,
1595, 4to. 9. Works of Josephus, 1602, '09, '20, '70, fol.
10. Treatise of the Plague, 1603, 4to. 11. Seneca's Works,
1614, '20, &c., fol. Sec Athen. Oxon.; Brydges's Phillips's
Theat. Poet. Anglic.;
Theat. Poet. Anglic.; Beloe's Anec.; Collier's Poet.
Decam.; Dunlop's Hist. of Fiction; Ritson's Bibl. Poet.;
Cens. Lit.; Brit. Bibliog.; Restituta; Dibdin's Lib. Comp.;
Retrosp. Rev., 1820, ii. 70-92; Blackw. Mag., xlv. 304.
"He is second to Kyd in vigour and boldness of conception, but
as a drawer of character-so essential a part of dramatic poetry-he
unquestionably has the advantage.”—Collier's Poet. Decam., 111, 214.
One of the writers of these pretty old pastoral songs which
were very much the strain of those times."—Brydges's Phillips's
Theat. Poet. Anglic., 197–198.
• • •
į "One of the best poets of the age. Lodge has ten pieces in
this collection [England's Helicon] and Bréton eight. These are
generally full of beauty, grace, and simplicity."—Hallam's Lit
Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., Lon., 1854, ii. 125, 174, n.
"Lodge and Greene are the only imitators of Lylie who have
atoned for affectation of style by any felicity of genius or inven-
tion."-Dunlop's Hist. of Fiction, 3d ed., Lon., 1845, 407; and se?
p. 703.
The Fig for Momus was reprinted, very incorrectly, at
2. The Brenghel Brothers; trans. from the German of
the Baron von Sternberg, sm. 4to. Illustrated by Billings
"The translator put this old wine into new bottles with wonder-
ful preservation of the flavor."-N. York Home Journal.
Lodge, John. Peerage of Ireland, Lon., 175, 4
vols. Svo. See ARCHDALL, MERVYN.
1120
LOD
LOG
the Auchinleck Press, 1817, 4to. The work opens very
happily:
"Digbie, whence comes it that the world begins
To winke at follies, and to sooth up sinnes?
Can any other reason be alleaged than this?—
The world sooths sinne because it sinfull is."
Lodge, William, 1649-1689, an engraver, trans.
1649-1689, an engraver, trans.
Barri's Viaggio Pittoresco, 1679, 8vo.
Lodington, Thomas. Serms., 1674, both 4to.
Lodwick, Francis. 1. Universal Alphabet; Phil.
Trans., 1686. 2. Universal Primer; ibid., 1686.
Loe, William, D.D. Serms., &c., 1611-23.
Athen. Oxon.
See
Loeffs, Isaac. Soul's Ascension, 1670, 8vo.
Loeus, Robert. Effigiatio veri Sabbathismi, Lon.,
1505, 4to.
Lofft, Capel, 1751-1824, called to the London Bar,
1775, pub. a number of legal, theolog., political, poetical,
and other works, of which almost all are now forgotten.
Among these publications are-1. Reports in K. B. 12 to
14 Geo. III., Lon., 1776, fol.; Dubl., 1790, 8vo. Very
inaccurate, but being a continuation of Burrow's Reports,
and containing some of Lord Mansfield's decisions nowhere
else reported. Lofft's vol. is not without value. See Brooke's
Bibl. Leg., 225; 2 Broad. & Bing., 536; Cooper's Bank
Law, Pref., 7; 1 Wood's Lec., 83, n.; Marvin's Leg. Bibl.,
473; Wallace's Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 328; BURROW,
SIR JAMES. 2. Principia tum Juris Universalis, tum pre-
cipue Anglicani, 1779, 2 vols. 12mo. See 64 Lon. Month.
Rev., 428. 3. Elements of Universal Law; with a Trans.
of the first volume of the Principia, vol. i., 1779, 12mo.
4. Essay on the Law of Libels, 1785, 8vo. 5. Observations
on the first part of Dr. Knowles's Testimonies of the Di-
vinity of Christ, 1789, Svo. Particularly recommended
by Dr. Priestley. 6. Gilbert's Law of Evidence: see
GILBERT, SIR GEOFFREY OF JEFFRAY, No. 11. 7. First
and Second Books of Milton's Paradise Lost, with Notes,
1792, 4to. 8. Laura; or, an Anthology of Sonnets, &c.,
[in six languages,] 1812, '14, 5 vols. 8vo. 9. Aphorisms
from Shakspeare; arranged according to his Plays, 1812,
1Smo. Lofft contributed many papers on astronomical
and other subjects to the London Monthly Magazine, &c.
See a biographical notice of Mr. L., with a list of his works,
in Lon. Geut. Mag., Aug. 1824, 184.
Lofric, Wm. Papers in Med. Obs. and Inq. and in
Med. Facts, 1791.
Loftus, Dudley, 1618-1695, a learned Orientalist, a
native of Rathfarnham, near Dublin, trans. the Ethiopie
New Testament into Latin for the London Polyglott, and
pub. some translations from the Syrine into Latin and
English, and several tracts, &c. See Athen. Oxon.; Har-
ris's ed. of Ware's Ireland; Lodge's Peerage of Ireland,
art. Loftus. It is said that when Loftus was only
twenty he was able to translate as many languages into
English as he had numbered years.
"Vir doctissimus, tam generis prosapia, quam singularum Ori-
entalium scientia nobilis."-BRIAN WALTON.
Yet Loftus seems to have lacked prudence and common
sense; for another contemporary used to say of him that
he "never knew so much learning in the keeping of a
fool."
Logan, James, 1874-1751, a native of Lurgan, Ire-
land, grandfather of the preceding, and a member of the
Society of Friends, accompanied William Penn to Penn-
sylvania in 1699, and filled successively the offices of
Secretary of the Province and Clerk of the Council, Com-
missioner of Property, Chief-Justice, and (1736-38) Pre-
The latter part of his life was
sident of the Council.
passed at Stanton, his country-seat, near Germantown, in
the enjoyment of his valuable library and correspondence
with the learned of foreign countries. He was "master
of the Greek, Latin, French, and German languages, and
was well acquainted with mathematics, natural and moral
philosophy, and natural history." 1. Experimenta et
Meletemata circa Plantarum Generationem, Lugd. Bat.,
1739, 8vo. With an English version on the opposite page,
by Dr. Fothergill, Lon., 1747, 48, Svo. This originally
appeared in Phil. Trans., (Lon.,) 1735. Logan pub. other
papers in Phil. Trans., 1734, on Davis's Quadrant, on
Lightning, and on the Apparent Increased Magnitude of
Moon when near the horizon. 2. Canonum
pro inveniendis refractionum, tum simplicium, tum in
lentibus duplicium, focis, demonstrationes Geometricæ,
Lugd. Bat., 1739. 3. Epistola ad Virum Clarissimum
Joannum Albertum Fabricium, Ainst.,
strationes de Radiorum Lucis in Superficies Sphericas ab
Axe incidentium a primario Foco Aberrationibus, Lugd.
Bat., 1741. 5. Cicero de Senectute, with Notes, Phila.,
1744, 4to, pp. 159. With Preface by Dr. Benj. Franklin,
and printed by him.
1740. 4. Demon-
The
Loftus, Smyth. Reply to Gibbon, Dubl., 1778, Sro.
Loftus, William Kennett. Travels and Researches
in Chaldea and Susiana; with an account of Excavations
at Warka, the Erech of Nimrod, and Shushan, the Palace
of Esther, in 1849-52, &c., Lon., 1857, demy 8vo.
author gives us an account of two visits to the countries
named, the first in 1849-52, the second at the end of
1853. This work should stand on the library-shelf next
to Layard's vols. on Nineveh, &c. To the Biblical student
Loftus's work offers especial attractions.
"An indefatigable traveller and a zealous explorer in such a
field of research has a claim to attention, and will, no doubt, find
many to listen to his account.”—Lon. Athenæum, June 6,1857, 721,
Logan, George, 1674-1755, minister of Edinburgh.
1. On the Right of electing Ministers, 1732. 2. Treat, on
Government, 1746, '48, 8vo. 3. Second Treat. on Govern-
ment, 1747, Svo. Ruddiman replied to these works in
1747. 4. Dissert. on Government, Manners, &c., 1787,
4to. Logan pub. other tracts on politics. See Chalmers's
Life of Ruddiman; Chambers and Thomson's Biog. Dict.
of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, vol. iii.
Logan, George, M.D., 1753-1821, grandson of James
Logan, (see next article,) and a native of Pennsylvania,
was a Senator of the United States 1801-07, and filled
other important political posts. He pub. Experiments on
Gypsum, and on the Rotation of Crops, 1797.
1
}
The First Translation of a Classic in this Western world.”—
Franklin's Prefuce.
We need hardly remark that Franklin is here in error.
"The translation is faithful, and at the same time easy, and the
learned author enriched it with very entertaining notes, explana
tory of the persons and things treated of in the text."-Thos. I.
Wharton's Notes on the Provin. Lit, of Penn.: Memoirs of the Hist.
Soc. of Penn., 130–133, q. v.
minster, will be found in The Monthly Anthology, vol. v.
A review of this translation, by Rev. Dr. Joseph Buck-
281, 340, 391. Logan also made A Translation of Cato's
Distichs into English Verse, printed at Philadelphia. He
also left some translations from the Greek, and some other
works, in MS. Logan's charges as chief-justice were re-
printed abroad, 1736, 4to, &e.
"Of singular excellence. He appears in them not only as a
watchful guardian of the domestic weal and as a sagacions director,
but as a profound moralist and beautiful writer. Such subtile dis-
quisition and lofty speculation, such variety of knowledge aud
richness of diction, are seldom found in compositions of the kind."
Walsh's Appeal, 275, 477.
**
The London Quarterly exposed itself to merited ridicule
and contempt by referring to this distinguished scholar
as a man of the name of Logan, as obscure as Godfrey
himself;" but Blackwood displays more knowledge of the
subject when it speaks of him as
good mathematician.... We look upon him as altogether an
"a great scholar for the age.-familiar with many languages,—a
extraordinary man."-Jan. 1825, Ixix.: American Writers, No. IV
See also Memoirs of Logan, by W. Armistead, Lon.,
1852, 12mo, pp. 192; Sketch of Logan's Career, by J.
Francis Fisher, in Sparks's Life of Franklin, vii. 24-27;
John Davis's Travels in America, 1799-1802, Lon., 1803,
Svo, 1817. Svo; Duyekinck's Cyc. of Amer. Lit.; Proud's
Hist. of Penna., i. 448, 449; Watson's Annals of Phila-
delphia; Miller's Retrosp., i. 134, ii. 340; Walsh's Amer.
Rev., i. 378. Mr. Logan left his very valuable library,
including an excellent collection of the Greek and Latin
classies, to the city of Philadelphia, and it was in 1792
annexed to the Library Company of Philadelphia, where
it is now to be seen. See Catalogue of the Books belong-
ing to the Loganian Library; to which is prefixed a Short
Account of the Institution, Phila., 1837, Svo, pp. xiv. 450.
"A gentleman of universal learning, and the best judge of books
in these parts.”—Minutes of the Library Company of Philadelphia,
March 29, 1732.
Logan, James. 1. Scottish Gael; or, Celtic Manners
as preserved amongst the Highlanders, Lon., 1831, 2 vols.
Svo; large paper, 2 vols. r. Svo, £2 2s. 2. Clans of the
Scottish Highlands: illust. by R. R. Mac Ian, 1843-49,
2 vols. fol., £33 128.; 4to, £20. Two valuable works. Of
the last work a new ed. is now (1857) being published, to
be completed in 24 monthly Nos. r. 4to, 3 plates in each,
78. 6d. per number.
"This work is one of the most valuable and interesting of modern
times. The portraits are painted by a veritable Highlandman,
an artist of the true stamp, who is familiar with his subjects. It
is a work of no ordinary importance."-Lon. Art Union.
"The tartans given by Messrs. McIan and Logan we have ever
considered, and we know that they have been always received, as
the veritable patterns."-Lon. M. Post.
Logan, James. Laws on Marriage, Edin., 1840,
1121
71
LOG
LON
|
12mo A good book. See 19 Leg. Obs., 325; 7 M. L.
Mag., 41; 2 Pocket Bill-Book; Laws of Bills, 1842, 12mo.
Logan, Capt. John. Analogia Honorum, Lon.,
1677, 1724, fol. Forms part of 5th ed. of Guillim's Dis-
play of Heraldry.
Logan, John, 1748-1788, a native of Fala, county
of Edinburgh, minister of South Leith, 1773, displeased
his parishioners by writing for the stage and by his in-
temperance, and removed to London in 1786, where he
became a writer for the English Review. It is asserted
that he reformed bis habits before his death. 1. Michael
Bruce's Poems, 1770. Several pieces in this collection are
by Logan and others, and some of Bruce's are omitted.
See BRUCE, MICHAEL. 2. Elements of the Philos. of
History, Part 1, 1781, Svo. 3. Essay on the Manners of
Asia, 1781, '87.
"An admirable little work."-Disraeli's Calamities of Authors,
ed. Lon., 1840, 83, n.
4. Poems, 1781-82, 8vo; 2d ed., 1782, Svo; 3d ed., with
Life, 1805.
"An elegant scholar, and a very ingenious poet."-DR. DRAKE.
"Distinguished as a poet by the simplicity and by the tender-
ness of his verses."-Disraeli's Calamities of Authors, ed. Lon.,
1840, 82.
5. Runnimede; a Tragedy, 1783. Founded on the his-
tory of Magna Charta. 6. Review of the Principal
Charges against Warren Hastings, 1788, Svo.
<<
Logan defended the accused governor with great ability in
prose.-T. B. MACAULAY: Warren Hasting's Essays, Lon., 1854,
iii. 192.
7. A View of Ancient History, &c., 1788, 2 vols. Svo.
8. Serms., 1790–91, 2 vols. 8vo; 5th ed., 1807, 2 vols. 8vo;
1810, 8vo; 1819, 2 vols. Svo; 1822, 2 vols. Svo. With
Life of the Author.
"The sermons of Logan, though not so exquisitely polished as
those of Blair, possess in a higher degree the animated and pas-
sionate expression of Massillon and Atterbury."-DR. ANDERSON.
Logan was a contributor to, and a reviser of, the Psal-
mody of the Church of Scotland, of which the collection
of translations and paraphrases was first pub. in 1781.
Loggan, David, 1635-1693, an engraver, a native of
Dantzic, emigrated to London, and died there. 1. Oxonia
Illustrata, Oxon., 1675, fol., 40 plates. 2. Cantabrigia
Illustrata, Cantab., 1688, fol., 30 plates. 3. Habitus
Academicorum Oxoniæ à Doctore ad Servientem, 11 plates
fol. Loggan also engraved many portraits. See Wal-
See Wal-
pole's Engravers; Strutt's Dictionary.
and Hilliard's Abridgment, (see the names in this Dio-
tionary,) and he has the whole Law of Real Property as
it exists in the United States. 2. Treat. on the. Law of
Executors and Administrators generally in use in the
United States, Phila., 1841, 2 vols. 8vo; 2d ed., Rich-
mond, 1856, 2 vols. Svo, $13 50.
"Greatly enlarged and improved. It embodies all the important
principles and matter of the fourth edition of Williams's Law of
Executors, so far as applicable in the forensic practice of the United
States, with additions not less important and pertinent, drawn from
other most improved authors, on which has been engrafted the Law
of Virginia down to the last Statutes, and the latest decisions of
the Supreme Court of Appeals, as reported in 12 Grattan's Re-
ports.'
Loggen, Thomas. Paper in Archæol., 1800.
Loggon, Samuel. Hist. of the Brotherhood or Guild
of the Holy Ghost, Reading, 1742, Svo.
Logie, Andrew. Theolog. Treatises, 1634, '61.
Lohetus, Dan. Sorex Primus, &c., Lon., 1618, Svo.
Lokert, Georgius, a natre of Scotland.
tum in Materia Notitiarum, Par., 1514, '24, 8vo.
Scrip-
"Logan had the dispositions of a poetic spirit, not cast in a
common mould: with fancy he combined learning, and with elo-
quence philosophy.”—Disraeli's Calamities of Authors, ed. Lon.,
1840, 82-84, J. v.
Dibdin quotes from signature E4 recto an excellent
passage, which, we think, will remind the reader of Sir
Thomas Browne; but, from the remarks at top of signature
c4 recto, it is evident that he is not the author of this
admirable Introduction. Lemoine (see his Hist. of Print-
ing, p. 75) ascribes it to Thomas Guy, founder of Guy's
Hospital. Dibdin notices the book at length in his ed.
of More's Utopia, vol. ii. 260, 284, and gives some speci-
mens of the Introduction. See also Lon. Athen., vol. ii.
601-604; Horne's Introduc. to the Study of Bibliography,
1814, vol. ii. 735.
Eng-Third Marquess of, 1778-1854, Colonel of the 2d Life-
Londonderry, Charles William Vane, K. G.,
Guards, 1843, was for more than half a century noted for
his uncompromising advocacy of High Tory principles in
the Upper and Lower Houses of Parliament.
1. Sug-
Logan, Sir William Edmund, b. at Montreal, L.
Canada, April 23, 1798, was educated in Montreal and gestions for the Improvement of the Force of the British
Edinburgh. His admirable researches during many years Empire, Lon., 1805. 2. Narrative of the Peninsular War,
in the coal field of South Wales served to place him in the 1803-13, 4to; 1828, 1829, 2 vols. 8vo. Repub. as The
first rank of geological observers. In 1842, he was ap- Story of the Peninsular War, 1848, 12mo; 1850, p. 8vo;
pointed to take charge of a geological survey of Canada, 1856, p. 8vo. See GLEIG, ROBERT GEORGE, No. 27.
"Not only the most interesting, but by far the most important,
which is yet in progress under his direction. His pub-work which has yet appeared on the subject of the Peninsular
lished works will be found in his Annual Reports of the
Progress of the Canadian Survey, and in the proceed-
ings of the British Association and the Geological Society,
embracing various important memoirs on the geology of
Canada and the coal-districts of New Brunswick and Penn-
sylvania, besides his researches in Wales. He is also a large
contributor to the Geological Survey of Great Britain.
See also Life as above; Johnson and Chalmers's
lish Poets, 1810; N. York Eclec. Mag., xxiii. 549.
Logan, Martha, d. 1779, aged 77, of S. Carolina.
Treat. on Gardening: written at the age of 70.
War."-Blackw. Mag., xxiii. 716-735, May, 1828, q. v.
Lolme, John Louis de. See DE LOLME.
Lomas, John. The City Hall Reporter and New
York General Law Magazine.
Lomax, John Tayloe, LL.D., formerly Judge of
the Eighth Judicial Circuit of Virginia, resigned in 1857,
and was succeeded by Eustace Conway, Esq., of Fredericks-
burg. 1. Digest of the Laws resp. Real Property gene-
rally adopted and in use in the U. States, &c., Phila.,
1839, 3 vols. Svo; 2d ed., revised, corrected, and enlarged,
Richmond, 1856, 3 vols. r. 8vo, $15. Upon the model of
Cruise's Digest.
""
“A valuable addition to the lawyer's library."-4 Kent's Com.,
358, n., 585.
Let the lawyer add to this work Kent's Commentaries
Lombard, Daniel, D.D.
Lombard, Daniel, D.D.
Lon., 1747, Svo.
Lomet, A. F. 1. Making Red Crayons; Nic. Jour.,
1799. 2. Aerostatic Machines in Military Science; ibid.,
1803.
Serm., Oxon., 1714, 8vo.
History of Persecutions,
London and Wise. 1. Retired Gardener, 1706, 2
vols. 8vo. 2. Compleat Gardener, 1710, Svo.
London, John. Divine Providence, &c., Lon., 1750,
Svo.
London, John. On Book-keeping, 1757, '58, both 4to.
London, William. Catalogue of the most vendible
Books in England, Lon., 1658, sm. 4to; supp., 1660, sm. 4to.
Whenever you can meet with this small volume, purchase it,
Lisardo, if it be only for the sake of reading the spirited intro-
duction prefixed to it. The author was a man (whoever he may
chance to be) of no mean intellectual powers."-Dibdin's Biblio-
mania, ed. 1842, 301.
6.
Every page of this work by the gallant marquis is fraught
with undying interest."—United Service Guzelle.
3. Letter to Lord Ashley on Mines and Collieries Bill,
1842, Svo. 4. Recollections of a Tour in the North of
5. Steam-Voyage to
Europe, 1836-37, 2 vols. 8vo, 1842.
Contains
Constantinople in 1840-41, 2 vols. 8vo, 1842.
some interesting correspondence with Prince Metternich,
Lords Ponsonby, Palmerston, &c. 6. Memoirs and Cor-
respondence of Lord Castlereagh, 1848-51, 8 vols. 8vo.
See CASTLEREAGH, ROBERT STEWART, LORD VISCOUNT.
A biographical notice of his lordship will be found in the
Lon. Gent.
See also
Lon. Gent. Mag., April, 1854, 415-418, 450.
Index to Blackw. Mag., vols. i.-1.
Londonderry, Frances Anne Harriet Vane,
Marchioness of, only daughter and heiress of Sir Harry
Vane Tempest, Bart., by Anne, Countess of Antrim, was
married to the preceding in 1819. 1. Tour in Portugal,
Spain, &c., Lon., Svo. 2. Narrative of a Visit to the
|
Courts of Vienna, Constantinople, Athens, Naples, &c.,
1844, 8vo.
"It will at least be allowed that the book is rich in amusement.
It deserves to be printed on satin, and inlaid with as many cresta
and coronets as Debrett."-MISS RIGBY: Lady Travellers: Lon.
Quar. Rev., 127-130, q. v.
"Lady Londonderry describes with great spirit and elegance many
interesting scenes to which ordinary travellers have no access."-
JOHN BULL.
Long, Dr. Rights of Churches and Colleges De-
In answer to C. Fleetwood's In.
fended, 1731, 8vo.
quiry, &c.
Long, Benjamin.
Long, Hon. C.
vately printed.
Oration, Lon., 1675.
Bromley Hill, Lon., 1816, Svo. Pri
Long, Lady Catherine. 1. Sir Roland Ashton; a
Tale, Lon., 1844, 2 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1854, 2 vols.. Į
1122
LON
LON
3. An
8vo; 3d ed., 1854, 12mo. 2. Midsummer Souvenir:
Thoughts, Original and Selected, 1846, r. 32mo. 3. An
"Agnus Dei" for four or five voices, 1848. 4. Christmas
Souvenir, &c., 1848, r. 32mo. 5. Heavenly Thoughts for
Morning Hours: Selections, 1851, 18mo; 2d ed., 1856,
18mo. 6. First Lieutenant's Story, 1856, 12mo.
"As a tracing of the workings of human passion and principle,
the book is full of exquisite beauty, delicacy, and tenderness."-
Lim. D. News.
Long, Charles Edward. Royal Descents: a List
of Persons entitled to Quarter the Arms of the Royal
House of England, Lon., 1845, p. 4to.
"What! will the aspiring blood of Lancaster
Sink in the dust? I thought it would have mounted.”—Henry VI.
|
This list contains the names of more than three hun-
dred living persons (some in very humble walks of life)
who are entitled to this distinction.
Long, Edward, 1734-1813, a native of Cornwall,
Judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court in Jamaica, pub.
several works, of which the most important are-1. Hist.
of Jamaica, Lon., 1774, 3 vols. 4to.
“A work of sterling merit.”—STEVENSON.
"Authentic materials digested with ingenuity and candour."-
Nichols's Lit. Ancc., iii. 182.
Patrick Browne's Hist. of Jamaica, and Sir Hans
Sloane's Voyage to the Islands Medara, &c., should ac-
company this work. New eds. of these three works are
much needed. 2. Letters on the Colonies, 1775, Svo. 3.
Sugar Trade, 1782, 8vo. See Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Dib-
din's Lib. Comp.; Lon. Gent. Mag., vol. lxxxiii.
Long, George. 1. Treat. on the Law rel. to the
Sales of Personal Property, Lon., 1821, r. Svo; 2d Amer.
ed., by Benj. Rand, Bost., 1839, Svo. Mr. Rand has given
Mr. Rand has given
this work much of the value which it possesses: he has
added 200 pages.
M
"The present volume contains ample evidence of the editor's
learning and research.”—Amer. Jurist.
See STORY, WILLIAM W.
2. Reflections on Certain
Parts of the Law of England, &c., 1827, Svo.
Long, George, b. at Poulton, Lancashire, 1800,
graduated with great distinction at Trinity College, Cam-
bridge, of which he became Fellow; Prof. of Ancient
Languages in the University of Virginia, 1824-26; Prof.
of the Greek Language, Literature, and Antiquities in the
London University, (now University College,) 1826-31;
called to the Bar, Inner Temple, 1837; Prof. of Latin at
University College, 1842-46; Lecturer on Jurisprudence
and the Civil Law before the Society of the Middle Tem-
ple, 1846; Classical Lecturer at Brighton College, 1849-
Brighton College, 1849-
57, (the present date.) This eminent scholar edited, for
the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, the
Journal of Education, 1831-35; The Penny Cyclo-
pædia, 1832-46, 29 vols.; The Biographical Dictionary,
1842-44, 7 half-vols. to end of Letter A, (all pub.) He
has also pub., in conjunction with Wm. Hughes, an Atlas
of Classical Geography, 1855, r. Svo, and a Grammar-
School Atlas of Classical Geography, 1855, Svo; and, in
conjunction with G. R. Porter, a Geography of Great
Britain, with Supp. by H. Clarke, 1850, Svo. To Mr.
Long we are also indebted for The Civil Wars of Rome:
Select Lives from Plutarch, newly trans., with Notes, 1844-
48, 5 vols. 12mo, (also in 5 vols. 18mo;) Two Discourses
in the Middle Temple Hall, on Roman Law, 1846, Svo;
and France and its Revolutions, 1850, imp. Svo. He was
the compiler of The Standard Cyclopædia of Political,
Constitutional, and Forensic Knowledge, 1848, 4 vols. p.
Svo,-first pub. in another shape, under the title of The
Political Dictionary,-and is now engaged, in conjunction
with the Rev. Arthur John Macleane, (of Trin. Coll.,
Camb., and Principal of Brighton College,) in the editor-
ship of the Bibliotheca Classica, a series of Greek and
Latin authors, commenced in 1850. In this library have
been pub., in addition to other works, The Orations of
Cicero, with a Commentary by Professor Long, vols. i.-
iv. Mr. Long has also edited works of Cicero and Cæsar,
(two vols. of the. Grammar-School Classics pub. by George
Bell, London,) and contributed a Life of the author to
Wittich's Visit, to the Western Coast of Normandy, 1847,
18mo. Those who wish to enjoy a specimen of Mr. Long's
erudition and taste as a classical scholar must not fail to
procure his translations from Plutarch, (Civil Wars of
Rome, &c., supra:)—
|
The manner in which the translation is executed demands the
highest praise. . . The will be found much more
and vigorous than that of the Langhornes. But what gives the
book its chief value are Mr. Long's notes, which are equally learned
and judicious."-Classical Museum, No. 10.
See Westm. Rev., Jan. 1857, Lord Brougham's Polit.
Philosophy, Pt. 3, 2d ed., Lon., 1849, p. 340.
Long, George. 1. Essay on the Moral Nature of
Man, Lon., 1842, p. 8vo. 2. Essay on the Conduct of
Life, 1845, p. Svo: commended by the Lon. Spectator
Literary Gazette, and The Atlas. 3. An Inquiry con-
cerning Religion, 1856, 8vo.
Long, J. Voyages and Travels of an Indian Inter-
preter and Trader in North America, Lon., 1791, 4to.
A most faithful picture of the life and manners of the Indian
and Canadian traders."-VOLNEY, the traveller.
Hand-Book of Bengal Missions, Lon., 1848, p. 8vo.
Long, Rev. James, Church Missionary in Calcutta.
"We confidently recommend this Hand-Book to all who are
interested in the great and glorious cause of missions.”—Church
of-England Sunday-School Quarterly.
Also commended by the Lon. Athenæum, June 17, 1818,
and The Atlas, Sept. 2, 1848.
Long, John. Logarithms; Phil. Trans., 1714.
Long, Rev. John Dixon, minister of the Metho-
dist Church, a native of Maryland. Lects. on Slavery in
Church and State, Phil., 1857, 12mo.
Long, Kingsmith. See Barclay, John.
Long, Robert. Game of Casino, 1792, 12mo and 1ómo.
Long, Robert Cary, d. 1849, at New York. An-
cient Architecture of America, N. York, 1849, 8vo. Mr.
Long contributed a series of Essays, entitled Architectonics,
to the N. York Literary World, and a paper on Aztec
Architecture to the New York Historical Society's Trans-
actions.
Long, Roger, D.D., 1680-1770, a native of the county
of Norfolk, educated at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, of
which he became Master, 1733; Lowndes Prof. of Astro-
nomy, 1749. Ile pub. serins., poems, &c., 1719-57, and
the following work, by which he is best known: Treat. on
Astronomy, in Five Books, 2 vols. 4to: vol. i., 1742-64;
vol. ii., 1784. See Biog. Brit.; Life, by Dr. Wood, prefixed
to Long's Poems, 1719; Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Lon. Gent.
Mag., li. 530, liii. 923; Cole's MS. Athenæ in Brit. Mus.
Long, Major Stephen. Expeditions. See JAMES,
EDWIN; KEATING, WILLIAM H.
Long, Thomas, 1621-1700, a native of Exeter,
educated at Exeter College, became Prebendary of Exeter,
but was ejected at the Revolution for refusing to take the
oaths to William and Mary.
oaths to William and Mary. He pub. a number of occa-
sional serms., and many controversial political tracts, of
which perhaps the best-known were his answer to Locke's
first Letter on Toleration, 1689, Svo; Vox cleri on Altera-
tions in the Liturgy, 1690; and his review of Dr. Walker's
Account of the Author of Eikon Basilike,-an attempt to
prove that this work was written by Charles I. See Athen.
Oxon.
Long, Thomas. Life of Richard Baxter, 1697, Svo.
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, one of the most
popular of modern poets, born in Portland, Maine, Feb. 27,
is07, is a son of the late Hon. Stephen Longfellow, and a
descendant of William Longfellow, of Newbury, Mas-
sachusetts. This gentleman—the first of the name who
came to America-was born in Hampshire, England, in
1651, emigrated to Newbury, Massachusetts, where, in
1676, he married Anne Sewall, and was drowned at An-
ticosti, a large desert island of Canada East, in the estuary
of the St. Lawrence, in 1690. (See Joshua Coffin's Sketch
of the History of Newbury, Newburyport, and West New-
bury, from 1635 to 1844, Bost., S. Drake, 1845, Sro,
plates.) On the mother's side he is a descendant of John
Alden, who came over in the Mayflower, and who was the
first man that landed at Plymouth. He entered Bowdoin
College in 1821, and graduated in 1825, after which he
devoted himself for a short time to the study of the law.
Having received the appointment of Professor of Molern
Languages in his alma mater, he went abroad in 1826, for
the purpose of enlarging his opportunities of studious ap-
plication, and spent three years and a half in France, Spain,
Italy, Germany, Holland, and England. In 1829 he
assumed the duties of his office, and two years later be-
came a married man. In 1835, by the resignation of
George Ticknor, (the distinguished author of the History
of Spanish Literature,) a vacancy occurred in the faculty
of Harvard College, and Mr. Longfellow was elected Pro-
fessor of Belles-Lettres. A second trip to Europe was the
consequence of this new appointment, and the pilgrim-
scholar again enjoyed the opportunity of gratifying his
thirst for the choicest productions of Continental literature
among the scenes and, in some cases, amidst the associa-
tions-to which they owed their birth. The summer of
1835 was passed in Denmark and Sweden, the autumn aud
winter in Holland and Germany, and the ensuing spring and
summer in the Tyrol and Switzerland. Whilst residing in
►
1
1123
LON
LON
Salun.
Rotterdam, a melancholy event occurred in Mr. Longfellow's | Sanchez, 1598. Edition très-rare, inconnue à M. Brunet
family history, which has invested that ancient city with
an undying interest in his memory. The companion of
bis wanderings was suddenly summoned to other and
eternal scenes, and he returned home a widower. In
1842 he again visited France, Germany, and England,
passing the summer at Boppard on the Rhine. In 1843
be was again married. After holding his professorship in
Harvard College for about twenty years, Mr. Longfellow
retired in 1854 to the undisturbed enjoyment of literary
leisure; and, as he has since that period given to the world
the most famous of his poetical compositions, (Hiawatha,
published in 1855,) we are encouraged to hope that what
Harvard University has lost by his temporary withdrawal
the world at large will gain by his retirement,—the autumn
fruitage of a mind eminent for the fragrance and luxu-
riance of its early blossoms, and whose golden summer
has not "unbeseem'd the promise of its spring." Mr.
Longfellow has resided since 1837 in the "Craigie House,"
Cambridge, the head-quarters of General Washington after
the battle of Bunker Hill, and since distinguished as the
temporary residence of Edward Everett, Jared Sparks, and
several others of the scholars whose profound and varied
acquisitions have made the city of Boston "a name and a
praise" alike in the cloisters of Oxford and in the rude
hut of the backwoodsman of the Western wilds. The
history of "Craigie House" has been so admirably written
by Mr. George William Curtis, in his biographical sketch
of Longfellow in the Homes of American Authors, that
we trust all admirers of the author of the Golden Legend
(and their name is Legion) will not rest until they have
made themselves familiar with this charming narration.
Mr. Longfellow first sought the road to public honours
by pursuing the beaten path, time out of mind the high-
way of trembling and unconfirmed authorship,-contri-
bution to the literary periodicals, which on every side
tempt unfledged genius to make the first essay of its
pinions on the uncertain atmosphere of popular apprecia-
tion. We have spoken of the "early blossoms" of Long-
fellow's genius,-the promise of its "spring;" and no one
will quarrel with the phrase who remembers that the seven
Earlier Poems, included between pages 20 and 23 of the
first vol. of the last collective ed. of the author's Poeti-
cal Works, (Boston, 1857,) were all written before the poet
was nineteen years of age. The titles of these are as
follows: I. An April Day. II. Autumn.
II. Autumn. III. Woods in
Winter. IV. Hymn of the Moravian Nuns at Bethlehem.
V. Sunrise on the Hills. VI. The Spirit of Poetry. VII.
Burial of the Minnisink. Many of his juvenile poems
were originally published in the United Literary Gazette,
a Boston Magazine; and at a later day, when success had
increased his confidence in his own powers, he contributed
a number of admirable papers to the North American
Review, that priceless repository of so many of the best
thoughts of the best minds of the most highly-educated
portion of the American Republic. Among these papers
of our young author may be noticed the Essay on Sir
Philip Sidney's Defence of Poesy; and one on the Moral
and Devotional Poetry of Spain, which first introduced to
the public the reviewer's translation of Don Jorge Man-
rique's sublime Ode on the death of his father. Having
thus seen Mr. Longfellow fairly committed to a literary
career, and abundantly encouraged by critical judgment
and popular favour to pursue that career with the brightest
hopes of merited distinction, it is now proper that we
should proceed to present a list of the volumes of prose and
poetry which he has from time to time given to the world,
accompanied with quotations from the opinions of eminent
authorities respecting the merits of these publications.
1. COPLAS DE DON JORGE MANRIQUE. Translated from
the Spanish, with an Introductory Essay on the Moral and
Devotional Poetry of Spain, Bost., 1833, 12mo.
"Professor Longfellow's version is well calculated to give the
English reader a correct notion of the Castilian bard, and, of course,
a very exaggerated one of the literary culture of the age."-Pres-
colt's "Hist. of the Reign of Ferd, and Isabella, 11th ed., Bost., 1856,
ii. 231, n.; and see the text.
"The beautiful version of Mr. Longfellow."—Ticknor's Hist, of
Spanish Lit., 2d ed., 1854, N. York, i. 19, n. And see p. 32, n.; 408, n.
"Mr. Longfellow's version is much superior to Dr. Bowring's
both in elegance and fidelity."-N. Amer. Rev., 1. 269.
We commend the following to the attention of the reader:
Las Coplas de Don Jorge Manrique. Con una glossa
muy devota y Christiana de un religioso de la Cartuxa.
Va juntamente un caso memorable de la conversion de una
Dama. Madrid, 1598.-Coplas de Mingo Revulgo, Glos-
Cartas en
sadas por Hernando Pulgar, Madrid, 1598.
refranes de Blasco de Garay Racionero de la Santa Yglesia
de Toledo. 3 parts in one vol., oblong 12mo, Madrid, Luis
2. OUTRE-MER: A PILGRIMAGE BEYOND THE SEA, N.
York, 1835, 2 vols. Sale to April, 1857, 7,500 copies.
(3
Snelling writes well in his way. He cannot help doing so. Ho
appears to us a man of a truculent genius desperately ill disciplined.
We cannot say that he imitates the author of the Sketch-Book:
What a contrast to Longfellow! This writer-not unknown here
as the author of Outre-Mer-comes nearer to a literary character
than most of his associates. In the Boston Book.] A professor
of modern tongues in Harvard University, it is said; not of unknown
tongues, we presume, though we were just about to call him an
Irvingile. We speak in the literary acceptation, not theological.
he has a spirit of his own. But it seems to us that his mind is
much of the same description. He is sprightly, and witty, and
graphic: he has seen much of the world, and used his opportunities
well. There is an elegant case in his style,-finished, but not finical;
just the thing.—as we say of a private gentleman whose manners
and dress excite no other remark, while they satisfy all who observe
them. And, withal, he has the genial bonhommie of Irving. IIe
sees the pleasant side of things. He likes that his reader should
be innocently pleased, and is content if he be so. If Longfellow,
in a word, had come before Irving, his fame would be that of a
founder of a school (so far as America is concerned) rather than
of one of the scholars. As it is, he may be popular, but not famous;
and he will hardly have credit even for what he is worth.”—Lon.
Atheneum, 1838, 389; Review of the Boston Book, edited by B. B.
Thatcher, Bost.. 1837, 12mo.
"His rich and poetical and yet graphic description, and the true
feeling with which he looks on nature and on social life, are the
qualities which most attract us in his writings, because they are
not precisely those in which travellers are most apt to abound."-0.
W. B. PEABODY: N. Amer. Rev., xxxix. 459-467; Review of Nos.
1 and 11. pub. in Boston, 1833-34.
See also Amer. Month. Rev., iv. 157.
3. HYPERION; A ROMANCE, N. York, 1839, 2 vols. 12mo.
Sale to April, 1857, 14,550 copies.
"We shall never forget the circumstance of its first perusal. We
took it, as our pocket-companion, with us on our first walk down
the Tweed, by Peebles, Inverleithen, Clovenford, Ashestiel, and
Abbotsford. It was fine at any special bend of the stream, or any
beautiful spot along its brink, taking it out and finding in it a con-
ductor to our own surcharged emotions. In our solitude we felt,
We are not alone, for these pages can sympathize with us! The
course of Hyperion, indeed, is that of a river, winding at its own
sweet will, now laughing and singing to itself in its sparkling
progress, and now slumbering in still, deep pools: here laving corn-
fields and vineyards, and there lost in wooded and sounding glens
Intorest it has much,-incident, little its charm is partly in tho
'Excelsior' progress of the hero's mind, partly in the sketches of
the great German authors, and principally in the sparkling imagery
and waving, billowy language of the book. Longfellow in this
work is Jean Paul Richter without his grotesque extravagancies,
or riotous humour, or turbulent force."-Gilfillan's Second Gallery
of Literary Portraits, 2d ed., Edin., 1852, 254–264.
"It is a book for minds attuned to sentiments of tenderness,-
minds of an imaginative turn, and willing and ready to interest
themselves in reveries as gorgeous as morning dreams, and in the
delicate perceptions of art and poetry.-minds tried by suffering,
and sensitively alive to the influence of the beautiful. . . . In tender
and profound feeling, and in brilliancy of imagery, the work will
bear a comparison with the best productions of romantic fiction
which English literature can boast."-C. C. FELTON: N. Amer. Rev.,
1. 145-161.
"The production of a inan of taste, refinement, and feeling: in
truth, a pure poem.”—Oakley's ed. of Kent and King's Outlines of
a Course of English Reading. N. York, 1853, 108.
See also South. Lit. Mess., v. 839.
4. VOICES OF THE NIGHT, Cambridge, Mass., 1839,
16mo. Sale to April, 1857, 43,000 copies. The title
Voices of the Night is applied to eight poems, most of
which were originally pub. in The New York Knicker-
bocker, viz.: I. Hymn to the Night. II. A Psalm of
Life.
Life. III. The Reaper and the Flowers. IV. The Light
of Stars. V. Footsteps of Angels. VI. Flowers. VII.
The Beleaguered City. VIII. Midnight Mass for the
Dying Year. But this vol. contains, in addition to the
Voices of the Night, a number of the author's early poems
and some translations from modern languages. From a
notice of this vol. in the North American Review for Jan.
1840 (1. 266-269) we quote the following lines :
"The poetry of Mr. Longfellow is marked by a very vivid ima
gination, great susceptibility to the impressions of natural scenery,
and a ready perception of the analogies between natural objects and
the feelings of the human heart. But, besides this, he possesses an
extraordinary command over the powers of language, and turns it
to any form at will,-
'Untwisting all the chains that tie
The hidden soul of harmony.'"
See also Chris. Exam., xxviii. 242.
5. BALLADS, AND OTHER POEMS, Camb., Mass., 1841,
16mo. Sale to April, 1857, 40,000 copies.
“Mr. Longfellow's poetry has become so generally known, and,
wherever known, is so universally admired, as to need no aid from
the journals of literature. It is probably read and remembered
in places beyond the solar road' over which the literary journals
travel. It is, therefore, with no expectation of adding to its wide-
1
spread renown, or of increasing the number of its admirers, that
we call our readers' attention to this second voli me from Professor
Longfellow's pen."-C. C. FELTON: N. Amer. Rev., Wv. 11–141
1124
LON
LON
Mr. Poe, in a review of this volume in his Literati, finds
fault with Mr. Longfellow for what most critics have
deemed worthy of high commendation :
"He regards the inculcation of a moral as essential. . . . In com-
mon with all who claim the sacred title of poet, be should limit is
endeavours to the creation of novel moods of beauty. in form, in
colour, in sound, in sentiment; for over all this wide range has the
poetry of words dominion. To what the world terms prose may
be safely and properly left all else. The artist who doubts of this
thesis may always resolve his doubt by the single question,
Might not this matter be as well or better handled in prose? If
it may, then it is no subject for the Muse. In the general accepta-
tion of the term Beauty we are content to rest.-being careful only
to suggest that. in our peculiar views, it must be understood as in-
clusive of the sublime. Of the pieces which constitute the present
volume there are not more than one or two thoroughly fulfilling
the ideas we have proposed: although the volume, as a whole, is
by no means so chargeable with didacticism as Mr. Longfellow's
previous book, [Voices of the Night.] We would mention, as poems
nearly true, The Village Blacksmith. The Wreck of the Hesperus,
and especially The Skeleton in Armour.”
It is impossible to avoid the reflection that, if the "in-
culcation of a moral" be sufficient to invalidate any claim
to the title of a poet, the world has been greatly mistaken
in their estimate of Shakspeare, Milton, Dante, Tasso,-
and, indeed, almost all of the greatest of those whom we
have heretofore ignorantly reverenced as true poets.
6. POEMS ON SLAVERY, Camb., Mass., 1842, 12mo.
THE SPANISH STUDENT; A PLAY, 1843, 12mo.
April, 1857, 38,000 copies.
"The diction is easy and animated, and the story conies out dis-
tinctly enough. There are, to-be-sure, useless scenes, and instances
of vain repetition, which render the action languid; but this, in
the closet, interferes little with the interest."-Lon. Athen.. 184, S.
"The Spanish Student is a spirited composition, well conceived,
and abounding in pretty passages. The first part of the first scene
embodies an excellent satire on many of the insipid comedies of the
present time; and the frequent erudite allusion to Spanish songs,
fables, and authors which are made throughout its pages furnish
abundant evidence of the author's great familiarity with Spanish
literature. The plot is interesting, and many of the incidents
show much ingenuity; but it is not adapted to the stage, being
deficient in many of the essential requisites to make it palatable
as an acting drama. -Irish Quar. Rev., June, 1855. 202.
·
"Upon the whole, we regret that Professor Longfellow has writ-
ten this work, and feel especially vexed that he has committed
himself by its republication. Only when regarded as a mere poem
can it be said to have merit of any kind. For, in fact, it is only
when we separate the poem from the drama that the passages we
have commended as beautiful can be understood to have beauty.
We are not sure, indeed, that a dramatic poem' is not a flat con-
tradiction in terms. At all events, a man of true genius (and such
Mr. L. unquestionably is) has no business with these hybrid and
paradoxical compositions. Let a poem be a poem only; let a play
be a play and nothing more. As for The Spanish Student. its
thesis is unoriginal; its incidents are antique; its plot is no plot;
its characters have no character: in short, it is little better than a
play upon words to style it A Play' at all.”—Por's Literati.
7.
Sale to
As the critic had just quoted from Mr. Longfellow's
Preface, which informs the reader of the sources of the
subject of the production which follows, it was quite un-
necessary to assure us that the "thesis was unoriginal."
Certainly it is unoriginal: the thesis of The Golden Legend
is unoriginal, also; and so is that of Reynard the Fox.
Such comments add little to our stock of knowledge. As
regards instances of alleged imitations, &c. of other
authors, which Mr. Poe produces from portions of Mr.
Longfellow's works, it does not, of course, become us to
offer any opinion; but, upon the subject of literary coinci-
dences in general, we may be allowed to remark that to
require a scholar who has mastered the choicest produc-
tions of half a dozen or more languages to discharge his
mind of all foreign acquisitions and place them in a
corner of his library, whilst he proceeds to compose from
a mind in puris naturalibus, is about as wise as the
expectation that the lake of the valley should be able, at
the word of command, to reconvert itself into the insigni-
ficant mountain-stream to which it owes its origin.
"In The Spanish Student, the affluence of his imagination in
images of grace, grandeur, and beauty is most strikingly mani-
fested. The objection to it as a play is its lack of skill or power in
the dramatic exhibition of character; but read merely as a poem
cast in the form of a dialogue it is one of the most beautiful in
American literature. None of his other pieces so well illustrates
all his poetical qualities,—his imagination. his fancy, his sentiment,
and his manner. It seems to comprehend the whole extent of his
genius.”—Whipple's Essays and Keviews, Bost., 1851, i. GG.
S. THE BELFRY OF BRUGES, and other Poems, Camb.,
Mass., 1846, 16mo. Sale to April, 1857, 38,000 copies.
9. E ANGELINE: A TALE OF ACADIE, Bost., 1847, 12mo.
Sale to April, 1857, 37,000 copies.
"Next to Excelsior and the Psalm of Life we are disposed to
rank Evangeline. Indeed, as a work of art, it is superior to both,
and to all that Longfellow has written in verse.
be more truly conceived or more tenderly expressed than the pic
Nothing can
ture of that primitive Nova Scotia and its warm-hearted, hospi-
table, happy, and pious inhabitants. We feel the air of the Fore-
world around us. The light of the Golden Age- itself joy, music,
•
|
I
and poetry-is shining above. There are evenings of sumer of
autumntide so exquisitely beautiful, so complete in their own
charms, that the entrance of the moon is felt almost as a painful
and superfluous addition: it is like a candle dispelling the wein
darkness of a twilight room. So we feel at first as if Evangeline,
when introduced, were an excess of loveliness,—an amiable eclipser
of the surrounding beauties. But even as the moon by-and-by
vindicates her intrusion and creates her own holier day, so with
the delicate and lovely heroine of this simple story: she becomes
the centre of the entire scene."-Gilfillan's Second Gallery of Lite
rary Portraits, 2d ed., Lon., 1852, 260–261.
Mr. Gilfillan says many handsome things of Mr. Long-
fellow's minor poems, &c., which commendations the
reader should not fail to peruse.
"With the sorrows of Evangeline a simpler rhythm would have
been more in harmony,—were even the antique measure here
selected completely bent to its modern occupation. This. however.
is not the case. ... The pilgrimage of the maiden in search of her
betrothed is told with great feeling and pathos. But the real
charm of the tale lies in its insulated pictures of scenery, one or
two of which we will give.”—Løm. Athen., 1848, 673.
Evangeline, as almost all of our readers are aware, is one of
the most pathetic and beautiful poetical narrations which has ever
enriched our language. The pastoral scenes are lifelike daguerreo-
types: there is an originality about the story of the lovers, and an
appropriate solemnity of language throughout the whole piece,
which, added to the beautiful descriptions which lie scattered
among its pages, and the apposite comparisons which stud then,
render it a truly fascinating if not enchanting poem. The most
remarkable tale of passionate and constant love must pale its in-
effectual fires' at the recital of the devotion of Evangeline and the
heroic constancy of her lover. Sir Edwin Landseer may well envy
the ensuing pastoral sketch:
Under the sycamore-tree were hives overhung by a pent-
house,' &c."
[Quoted to the end of the line concluding with "sang of muta-
tion.”—Irish Quar. Kev., June, 1855, 202–203.
•
Ak
This is an American poem, full of beauties of real indigenous
growth and we hail its appearance with the greater satisfaction
inasmuch as it is the first genuine Castalian fount which has
burst from the soil of America."-Fraser's Mug., xxxvii. 295;
copied in Bost. Living Age, xvii. 145–147.
"His longest poem, Evangeline.. was not long since warmly
commended in these pages. No one with any pretensions to poetic
feeling can read its delicious portraiture of rustic scenery, and of a
mode of life long since defunct, without the most intense delight."
-The Metropolitan; copied in Bost. Living Age, xix. 481-485.
..
It is a tale of simple earnestness. very graceful. and, amid its
unexaggerated truthfulness, animated by a tranquil and lofty spirit
of endurance. . . . The interest in Evangeline, throughout her
devious, life-prolonged search, is kept up without intermission;
and what is painful in the theme is relieved by beautiful sketches
of the scenery of the Southwestern waters and the busy lives of
their inhabitants. . . . The happy and varied imagery of the poem
is throughout inwrought with that higher spirit which can impart
a sad pleasure even to the deepest tragedy.”—Lm. Examiner;
copied in Bost. Liv. Age, xxiii. 390-391.
Mr. C. C. Felton, one of the most eminent of American
classical scholars, after giving us a brief sketch of the
history of Acadie, remarks:
This subject, wholly national in its character, Mr. Longfellow
has made the basis of the poem of Evangeline. He has selected
those circumstances in the story which are susceptible of poetical
treatment, and so combined them as to create, from authentic his-
torical materials, a tale of rare beauty, tenderness, and moral
power.... In Evangeline, Mr. Longfellow has managed the hexa-
meter with wonderful skill. The homely features of Acadian life
are painted with Homeric simplicity, while the luxuriance of a
Southern climate is magnificently described with equal fidelity and
minuteness of finish. The subject is eminently fitted for this
treatment; and Mr. Longfellow's extraordinary command over
rhythmical resources of language has enabled him to handle it
certainly with as perfect a mastery over the dactylic hexameter as
any one has ever acquired in our language.”—N. Amer. Rev., ( xvi.
215-244.
"His Evangeline is a beautiful picture of rural life and love,
which, from the charm of its pictures and the gentle harmony of
its sentiment. became popular although written in hexameters."-
HENRY T. TUCKERMAN: Sketch of Amer. Lit.
"Elaborate and touching, his Evangeline is the most perfect spe
cimen extant of the rhythm and melody of the English hexameter.”
-PRESIDENT CHAS. KING: Oakley's ed. of Kent and King's Outlines
of a Course of English Reading, N. York, 98.
The subject of English hexameters has already come
under our notice on a preceding page, (635;) and it will
be sufficient to refer the reader to our article on ABRAHAM
FRAUNCE and the authorities there cited. The critic in
Blackwood (Feb. 1856) concludes his notice of Hiawatha
with the remark:
"The poet was more successful in the wistfulness of his Evan-
hexameters lent a charm of appropriate sympathy; but it is a
geline, to which even these lengthened, desolate, inquiring
peculiarity of this sweet singer that his best strains are always
wistful, longing, true voices of the night.”
See other notices of Evangeline, in Amer. Whig Rev.,
vii. 155, (by G. W. Peck;) New Englander, vi. 548, (by
G. II. Holliston;) Univ. Quar. Rev., v. 104, (by T. S.
Mess., xv. 46; Amer. Lit. Mag., ii. 172; Eclee. Mag., xv. 96.
King;) Brownson's Quar. Rev., 2d ser., iv. 56; South, Lit.
Of course, the admirer of Evangeline will not be sat´es
fied to be without the beautiful picture of Evangeline
į
1125
LON
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painted by Thomas Faed and engraved by James Faed:
size of plate, without margin, 14 by 17 inches:
"Sat by some nameless grave, and though that perhaps in its
bosom
He was already at rest; and she longed to slumber beside
him."
This has received the highest compliment which the
painter and engraver could covet :
· I am delighted with the work, both in conception and execu-
tion, and have written to Mr. Faed to express my acknowledgment
for this mark of his consideration and my appreciation of the very
great beauty and feeling of his illustration."-Letter of Mr. Long-
fellow to the publishers.
10. KAVANAGH; A TALE, Bost., 1849, 16mo. Sale to
April, 1857, 10,500 copies.
·
Kavanagh is, as far as it goes, an exact daguerreotype of New
England life. We say daguerreotype, because we are conscious of
a certain absence of motion and colour which detract somewhat
from the vivacity, though not from the truth, of the representation.
From Mr. Pendexter, with his horse and chaise, to Miss Man-
chester, painting the front of her house, the figures are faithfully
after nature. The story, too, is remarkably sweet and touching.
... All who love purity of tone, tenderness, and picturesque
simplicity have incurred a new obligation to the author of Kava-
RUSSELL LOWELL: N. Amer. Ixix. 196–216.
+
In this paper will be found some very sensible comments
upon the oft-repeated and seldom-comprehended phrase,
"a national literature." See also Mr. Lowell's remarks
See also Mr. Lowell's remarks
on the same subject in his review of The Timon, N. Amer.
Rev., lxiv. 460, et seq. Mr. Longfellow himself, it will be
remembered, has also written eloquently upon this theme;
and, we may say, since the publication of Hiawatha he
has written eloquently upon the other side of the question
also. We should refer the reader to Mr. Longfellow's
comments on "A National Literature" in the Preface to
his Poets and Poetry of Europe.
..
Kavanagh is essentially Richterish, yet with a difference. The
sharpness of touch, the incessant revelations of stoical character,
which break through the fantastic waywardness of Richter, are
not here. On the other hand, it has nothing of the conscious effort
which sometimes characterizes Richter's wit,-nothing of the indul-
gence in sheer dirt which he mingles so harshly with passages of
dreaming, ethereal purity."-Lom. Examiner; (copied in Bost. Liv.
Age, xxiii. 389-390.)
See also Amer. Whig Rev., x. 57; Brownson's Quar.
Rev., 2d ser., 456.
11. THE SEASIDE AND THE FIRESIDE, Bost., 1849, 16mo.
Sale to April, 1857, 30,000 copies.
The Seaside collection contains seven poems; the Fire-
side collection is composed of thirteen poems.
See a
review of this volume in Brownson's Quar. Rev., 2d ser.,
iv. 268. Since the publication of this vol. the author has
pub. a number of minor poems in Putnam's (New York)
Magazine.
12. THE GOLDEN LEGEND, Bost., 1851, 12mo. Sale to
April, 1857, 17,000 copies.
..
In this poem he has obeyed the highest humanity of the poet's
calling, by revealing,—which alone the poet can,-not coldly, but
in the glowing and affluent reality of life, this truth: that the same
human heart has throbbed in all ages and under all circumstances,
and that the devotion of love is forever and ever and from the be
ginning the true salvation of man. To this great and fundamental
value of the poem is added all the dramatic precision of the most
accomplished artist. The art is so subtlely concealed that it is not
suspected."-GEORGE WILLIAM CURTIS: Sketch of Longfellow, in
Homes of Amer. l'oels, 284.
1
We have no hesitation in expressing our opinion that there is
nearly as much fine poetry in Mr. Longfellow's Golden Legend as
in the celebrated drama of Goethe. Elsie, the farmer's daugh-
ter, scarcely more than a child in years, but a woman in tenderness
and devotion,-is as beautiful a conception as ever was formed in
the mind of the poet. . . . We have already, at the commencement
of this paper, expressed our decided objection to the machinery
employed by Mr. Longfellow. It is the reverse of original, being
now very hackneyed; and it is absurdly disproportionate to the
object for which it is introduced. . . . Occasionally, whilst retain-
ing rhyme and the semblance of metre, Mr. Longfellow is betrayed
into great extravagance.”—Blackw. Mag., Feb. 1852.
•
See also Eclec. Rev., 4th ser., xxxi. 455.
"Longfellow, in the Golden Legend, has entered more closely into
the temper of the Monk, for good and for evil, than ever yet theo-
logical writer or historian, though they may have given their life's
labour to the analysis."-Ruskin's Mod. Painters, vol. iv. p. 377.
13. THE WAIF; a collection of Poems, edited by H. W.
Longfellow, Bost., 1846, 12mo; Lon., 1849, 18mo. Pub.
in vol. with No. 14, Bost., 1857, 12mo.
14. THE ESTRAY; a Collection of Poems, edited by H.
W. Longfellow, Bost., 1846, 12mo. Pub. in vol. with No.
13, 1857, 12mo.
15. THE POETS AND POETRY OF EUROPE; with Bio-
graphical Notices and Translations from the earliest
period to the present time, Phila., 1845, Svo, pp. 779;
1845, r. 8vo; 1855, r. 8vo.
1855, r. 8vo. This valuable volume con-
tains selections from about three hundred and sixty authors,
translated from ten languages, the Anglo-Saxon, Ice-
landic, Danish, Swedish, Dutch, German, French, Italian,
Spanish, and Portuguese. Mr. Longfellow himself gives us
translations from all of these languages but two. Among
the other translators are Bowring, Felton, Herbert, Cos-
tello, Taylor, Jamieson, Brooks, Adamson, Thorpe, &c.
..
"In this great crowd of translatious by different hands, cer-
tainly very few appear equal to Professor Longfellow's in point of
fidelity, elegance, and finish. The work is an honourable memo-
rial of his great attainments as a linguist,-in which character,
rather than as a poet, his fame will be sustained and advanced by
this publication."-PROF. FRANCIS BOWEN: N. Amer. Rev., Ixi. 231.
• We think Professor Longfellow has done a good service to lite-
rature by preparing this work. It contains a great deal of valu-
able information respecting the different languages of Europe, as
well as of the various writers of poetry. The extracts from the
authors are sufficiently numerous and lengthy to give a fair idea
of the peculiarities, style, and class of each. . . . Instead of decry-
ing such selections on the ground that they give us only a smatter-
ing of the authors and their writings, we hail them as most
powerful helps in disseminating information and creating and
increasing a taste for mental cultivation."-Prot. Epis. Quar. Rev.
and Church Register, N. York, April, 1855, 310–311.
See also Lon. Athen., 1845, 961-962.
We should be pleased to see a second volume of this
work, according to the suggestion of the learned editor.
As we have had occasion to refer to Mr. Longfellow's
translations, we speak not only of those in the volume
just noticed,-we must quote a few lines more upon the
subject:
66
Longfellow's translations from the German, Swedish, Spanish,
French, Dutch, Italian, and Anglo-Saxon possess in a very high
degree that elegance of diction and thoroughly classical colouring
for which all his other poems are remarkable."-Irish Quar. Rev.,
June, 1855, 202.
and the Swedish."Lon. Athen., 1844, S.
Professor Longfellow excels in translating from the German
▬▬▬▬
The North American reviewer of Longfellow's Voices
of the Night (1839, 16mo) remarks that the
"Translations from the French, Anglo-Saxon, Danish, and Ger-
man are all executed with a high degree of skill."-Vol. 1. 269.
But Mr. Longfellow's fame as an accomplished linguist
is so well established that it is not necessary for us to
multiply quotations on this point.
16. THE SONG OF HIAWATHA, Bost., Oct. 1855, 16mo.
Sale, in less than four weeks after publication, 10,000
copies; sale to end of March, 1857, 30,000 copies; to April,
1857, 50,000 copies.
"This Indian Edda-if I may so call it-is founded on a tradi
tion prevalent among the North American Indians, of a personage
of miraculous birth, who was sent among them to clear their
rivers, forests, and fishing-grounds and to teach them the arts of
peace. He was known among different tribes by the several naries
of Michaboa, Chiabo, Manabozo, Tarenyawagan, and Hiawatha.
Mr. Schoolcraft gives an account of him in his Algic Researches,
vol. i. p. 134; and in his History, Condition, and Prospects of the
Indian Tribes of the United States, Part 3, p. 314, may be found
the Iroquois form of the tradition, derived from the verbal narrations
of an Onondaga chief.
"Into this old tradition I have woven other curious Indian
legends, drawn chiefly from the various and valuable writings of
Mr. Schoolcraft, to whom the literary world is greatly indebted for
his indefatigable zeal in rescuing from oblivion so much of the
legendary lore of the Indians.
"The scene of the poem is among the Ojibways, on the southern
shore of Lake Superior, in the region between the Pictured Rocks
and the Grand Sable."-Note to Hiawatha.
the
Notwithstanding this full and explicit statement by
Mr. Longfellow of the sources from which he had derived
the material of his poem, a writer in the National Intelli-
gencer (Washington, D.C.) pub. an article, in a few
weeks after the appearance of Hiawatha, charging
author with having borrowed "the entire form, spirit,
and many of the most striking incidents" of Kalevala,
the great national epic of the Finns. This attack was
answered in two letters in The New York Observer, (Jan.
24, 1856, et ante,) under the signature of Theodorus.
The reviewer remarks, "Such a charge is not only un-
tenable, but absurd," and proceeds to expose the alleged
absurdity of which he complains. William Howitt, in a
letter to the London Athenæum, Nov. 17, 1855,—elicited
by a review of Hiawatha in a preceding number (Nov.
10, 1855,) of that excellent journal,-eulogizes Hiawatha
in the highest terms, and commends the author for having
chosen the metre of the Kalevala and the Kanteletar, but
says not a word of plagiarism or
plagiarism or even of imitation.
Howitt's letter elicited another, (Athen., Nov. 24, 1855,)
deron from the Spanish,) who adduces examples to
from Mr. D. F. McCarthy, (translator of Dramas of Cal-
prove that the metre of Hiawatha is not confined to Fin-
landic or Sclavonic poets; and he does not think it a
mattor of course, therefore, that even the metre was sug-
gested to Mr. Longfellow by any of those bards. In the
and opens the question still further, remarking that
same periodical for Dec. 1, 1855, Mr. W. S. takes the field,
"Rhymeless trochaic dimeter is commonly used throughout
Europe. ... Mr. Longfellow, in his unallitera ed tro haies, may
1126
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with as little reason be said to imitate the metre of the ‘Kalevala'
or Philalethes, in his rhymeless iambic trimeter catalectic version
of the Divina Comedia, can be asserted to represent the music of
Dante."
As usual in cases of this character, two of the critics
engaged in the controversy soon fell into a misunderstand-
ing on their own account: Mr. Howitt felt himself ag-
grieved by some comments of W. S.'s upon his first
communication, and in the Athenæum for Dec. 8, 1855,
he takes the offender to task for his alleged want of
courtesy. Mr. W. S., noways abashed, returns to the
charge in the Athenæum for Dec. 15, and in the same
paper appears a letter from W. Brockie, who, coolly enough,
commences his dissertation with-
"The question as to whether or not Longfellow's IIiawatha is
in the national metre of Finland seems not unlikely to raise a con-
troversy in your columns. W. S. says it is not: I am inclined to
think it is."
It would appear to our superficial judgment that the
"controversy" had been already pretty well "raised."
But the end is not yet. In the Athenæum for Dec. 29,
Mr. Ferdinand Freiligrath gives us a summary of the
arguments advanced by the four contestants, and decides
that "Hiawatha"
"is written in a modified Finnish metre.—modified by the exquisite
feeling of the American poet, according to the genius of the Eng-
lish language and to the wants of modern taste. I feel perfectly
convinced that, when Mr. Longfellow wrote Hiawatha, the sweet
monotony of the trochees of Finland. and not the mellow and me-
lodious fall of those of Spain, vibrated in his soul."
From Mr. Freiligrath's intimate acquaintance with Von
Schröter's Finnische Runen (Finnisch und Deutsch, Stutt-
gart und Tübingen, 1834) and the Kalevala, surely he
would have been the one to detect any close imitations on
the part of the American poet; but nothing of this kind
is intimated. The London Leader also took a part in the
Hiawatha controversy, and Dr. Latham, in a letter to that
paper, considers that Mr. Longfellow received many sug-
gestions (as stated by the writer in the National Intelli-
gencer) from Kalevala; but the editor of the Leader takes
an entirely different view of the subject, defends the author
of Hiawatha manfully, and dismisses the whole matter
with the comment:
"In Longfellow's case the obligation to Kalevala is assumed: it
is very possibly no direct obligation at all; but, granting the obliga-
tion, we entirely absolve the poet for not having mentioned it."
Now, it is evident that Dr. Scaoolcraft himself is the
best judge whether the author of Hiawatha has faith-
fully reproduced in poetry those peculiarities of Indian
mythology, customs, and superstitions which Dr. School-
craft has given us in prose,-on which prose Longfellow
avowedly bases his poem. To him, therefore, let us have
recourse for the solution of this question. We quote from
his dedication of The Myth of Hiawatha and other Oral
Legends, Mythologic and Allegoric, of the North Ame-
rican Indians, Phila. and Lon., 1856, 12mo:
"To Professor Henry Wadsworth Longfellowv.
"SIR-Permit me to dedicate to you this volume of Indian
myths and legends, derived from the story-telling circle of the na-
tive wigwams. That they indicate the possession. by the Ves-
peric tribes, of mental resources of a very characteristic kind,-
furnishing, in fact, a new point from which to judge the race and
to excite intellectual sympathies-you have most felicitously shown
in your poem of Hiawatha. Not only so, but you have demon-
strated, by this pleasing series of pictures of Indian life, sentiment,
and invention, that the use of the native lore reveals one of the
true sources of our literary independence. Greece and Rome, Eng-
land and Italy, have so long furnished, if they have not exhausted,
the field of poetic culture, that it is at least refreshing to find, both
in theme and metre, something new.
CA
―
and recommitted this interesting aborigine to the domicile
of the claimant whose name he bears, it is proper that we
should inquire what impression he has made upon the
many thousands in whose libraries and parlours he has
become an intimate during his wanderings in his native
country and in strange lands.
Having thus devoted quite as much space as we can
afford to an examination of the paternity of Hiawatha,
"Longfellow's epic," says a critic in Das Ausland, "is undoubt-
edly the most considerable poem which has appeared for some
years in the English language. Its success has been unexampled
on both sides of the Atlantic. In London the book has been twice
Very truly, yours,
"HENRY R. SCHOOLCRAFT."
This certainly puts forever at rest the charge of the
author of Hiawatha having borrowed-as has been alleged
--"the form, spirit, and many of the most striking inci-
dents of Kalevala.” If these are dissimilar to those so
graphically depicted by Dr. Schoolcraft, this gentleman
could not endorse, as he has done, the faithfulness of
Longfellow's poetical version of the latter: the admixture
of foreign colours would necessarily destroy the vraisem-
blance of the whole picture. And if the Kalevala's "form,
spirit, and incidents" are so exactly similar to the original
Hiawatha characteristics, we see no necessity for borrow-
ing the former, and no possibility of detecting their incor-
poration if they were borrowed. It is a very natural
remark, that the author who first makes popular a peculiar
style or measure must expect to be charged with plagiarism
by the ignoramus who makes the wonderful discovery that
such style or measure did not originate with the writer
through whose agency it became known to him.
reprinted; and, although we ordered it immediately after its pub-
lication, we were only able to secure a copy of the fourth edition.
It was certainly a happy thought to gather the legends of the
tawny aborigines of North America together in a great poem."
But this reviewer by no means accedes to Hiawatha
unmixed commendation: he objects to portions of the plot,
and to the measure.
...
"The tale itself is beautiful, fanciful, and new, and he has worked
it up into a poem of many parts. . He has produced, in an ima
ginary memoir of the hero, Hiawatha, a picture of Indian life as it
exists in the forest and by the river. full of light and colour, repose
and action. . . . It is beyond all doubt that this Song of Hiawatha
will increase Mr. Longfellow's reputation as a singer. The verse,
as we have said and proved by extract, is sweet and simple, is full
of local and national colour, has a tone and ring of its own: in a
word, the story of Hiawatha is the poet's most original production.”
Lon. Athenæum, Nov. 10, 1855, 1295; and see p. 1339.
"This Song is a quaint chant, a happy illustration of manners;
but it lacks all the important elements which go to the making of
a poem. We are interested, pleased, attracted, yet perfectly indif
ferent: the measure haunts the ear, but not the matter; and we
care no more for Hiawatha, and are as little concerned for the land
of the Ojibbeways, as if America's best minstrel had never made a
song."-Blackwood's Mug.. Feb. 1856.
But audi alteram partem : after an enthusiastic eulogy
on Hiawatha in the Oxford and Cambridge Magazine for
Jan. 1856, the critic concludes with—
"Henceforth the Ojibway and the Dacotah are to us realities,
-men of like passions with ourselves. In our own dear mother;
tongue their sweet singer Nawadaha has spoken to us, and the
voice has gone direct from his heart to ours.”
“Hiawatha may be taken as an accurate representation of Indian
manners and superstitious artistically treated and poetically
adorned."-Lon. Spectator.
“Mr. Longfellow's reputation will, we think, be raised by the
Song of Hiawatha: it is by far, in our judgment, the most original
of all his productions."-Lon. Examiner.
"If Mr. Longfellow had enriched the literature of his country
poet's bays for this elaborate and most successful attempt to give
with nothing save The Song of Hiawatha, he would deserve the
to that literature a strong individuality, peculiar to the land where
the red man once
'hunted the bison and the beaver,'
the home of the Indian, whose sire the sun was, and the earth his
mother."-Home Journal, (N. York.)
"We think it is his greatest poem. It is the most absorbing
work of its length we have ever read."-National Intelligencer,
(Washington. D. C.)
The Liverpool Albion remarks that every succeeding
effort of Longfellow is better than the last, and that
Hiawatha is to be an immortal poem.
"Longfellow is the most accomplished poet of the day. Hiawatha
is unquestionably his ablest work.... Every scene, the Indian hero
traverses in his allegorical progress is a breathing landscape, every
adventure he meets with a capital story. . . . The episode of Hia-
watha's Wooing, which we quoted in our last week's number, is
one of the finest in the volume. It is a delicious love-story, and
would, without the slightest context, make the fortune of any
poet.... Of the legends themselves that Mr. Longfellow has col-
thologies, we have no time to speak. We must content ourselves
lected, their possible origin, and interest as relating to other my-
with an expression of unqualified approval of the manner in which
they have been collected, digested, and set to the most exquisite
music."-Lon. Illustrated Times.
As regards this "most exquisite music" there are very
different opinions:
"Anybody who has read the five thousand and odd verses of
Hiawatha has certainly had enough of this epic metre, which very
soon becomes as tiresome to the ear as the tune of a barrel-
organ."-Das Ausland.
"We have often had occasion," says the London Leader, “to re
mark on the careful study of our recent literature displayed in its
criticisms of English authors by the Revue des Deux Mondes. The
last number contains an article on Longfellow's Hiawatha, remark-
able for subtle insight into the peculiar character of the poem, and
genial criticism of its special merits. The writer, M. Emile Mon-
tégut, shows a thorough appreciation of. the poetic substance and
form of Longfellow's Indian legend scarcely to be expected in a
watha to be the most finished poem Longfellow has produced. Of
foreigner, and least of all in a Frenchman. He pronounces Hia-
the metre he says:
406
The melody of the verse, rapid and monotonous, is like the
voice of nature, which never fatigues us though continually re-
music of the poem, melodious and limited as the song of a bird.
peating the same sound. Two or three notes compose the whole
Describing the general character of Hiawatha, he says, 'The feel
ing for nature that pervades the poem is at once most refined and
most familiar. The poet knows how to give, as a modern, voices to
all the inanimate objects of nature: he knows the language of the
birds, he understands the murmur of the wind amongst the leaves,
standing this poetic subtlety, he never turns aside to minute descrip
he interprets the voices of the running streams, and yet, notwith
1127
LON
LON
tion, nor attempts to prolong, by reflection, the emotion excited.
His poem, made with exquisite art, has thus a double character:
it is Homeric from the precision, simplicity, and familiarity of its
images, and modern from the vivacity of its impressions and from
the lyrical spirit that breathes in every page.""
The London Athenæum, after giving copious extracts,
remarks:
6.
• The Song of Hiawatha moves throughout in this beautiful and
simple measure. Except in good hands, an instrument so artless
would most likely fail. The line would tire on the ear. But Mr.
Longfellow has contrived to give variety even to a measure evi-
dently chosen for its sad and tender monotone: despite its same-
ness of cadence, it scarcely palls on the ear even at the five thou-
sandth verse."-Nov. 10, 1855, 1295.
•
**
Unhappily for the poet, this is the very measure to attract the
parodist. Punch has opened the assault, and we will not venture
to predict how inany gleeful voices may echo his good-humoured
mockery before the year is out. The jingle of this measure is irre-
sistible, and, with a good vocabulary of any savage language at
one's elbow, one feels a pleasing confidence that the strain might
spin on forever, and almost make itself."-Blackw. Mag., Feb. 1856.
There have, indeed, we are sorry to say, been many
parodies of Hiawatha. We have no patience with a
burlesque imitation of an earnest original. Punning has
been called (we say not, truly) the lowest kind of wit; but
surely he who first said so forgot parodying. There was,
indeed, so much true wit, so much hearty appreciation of
the merits of the poet and the poem, in Punch's parody,
that we could have excused it, had it not been for the
baleful effects of its potent example. We cite an instance
We cite an instance
from a Boston paper of a much more agreeable evidence
of the popularity of Hiawatha:
"The beautiful three-decked ship Minnehaha (named from the
heroine of Longfellow's charming poem of Hiawatha) was most
successfully launched about noon, on Saturday last, from Donald
McKay's yard at East Boston. The occasion was one of unusual
interest, and attracted a very large concourse of people, who rent
the air with their huzzas as the Minnehaha gracefully glided into
the laughing waters,' (her namesake.)"
C
As early as Feb. 15, 1856,—four months after the first
publication of Hiawatha,-a German translation by Adolph
-a German translation by Adolph
Böttger, was pub. in Leipsic. In April, 1856, another
translation into German, by Ferdinand Freiligrath, was in
the hands of the European public. The original poem was
issued at Leipsic in January, 1856, at half a thaler, by
Alphons Dürr, (for vol. xvii. of his Collection of Standard
American Authors.) He notes on his title-page that
Hiawatha is supplied in Rome, Vienna, Paris, Hamburg,
Amsterdain, Brussels, Basle, Turin, Trieste, Venice, and
Verona. We quote some other evidences of the popularity
of Hiawatha:
"A PLUM FOR HIAWATHA.-Mr. Bright, in his recent speech at
Manchester, commenting upon the effect of the war upon all de
partments of English effort, spoke of its influence upon the tone
of English poetry, and contrasted Tennyson's war-lyrics with
Longfellow's Hiawatha, thus:- Take the poet-laureate as an
example-hear, hear]-a gentleman whom I have never seen or
met, I believe, but once accidentally,-a gentleman of great refine-
ment of manner and of mind, who has written poetry in our lan-
guage, [hear, hear:] yet such was the pestilent influence of these
scenes of carnage on a mind so accomplished and elevated as that,
that he puts forth a poem which his friends are anxious should
never be spoken of. I have had the opportunity lately of reading |
a poem from another country, written by the American poet
Longfellow-[applause]-a poem which treats of the legends of
the Indian tribes; and, while I have turned from the poem of our
poet-laureate, in which I find him descending to slang of almost
the grossest character, I turn with delight to the exquisite poem
which has come to us from the other side of the Atlantic.' [Hear,
hear.]"
Cardinal Wiseman some time since prefaced an enthu-
Biastic eulogy on Longfellow (which we shall presently
quote for the benefit of our readers) with the remark :
"He was a true philosopher who said, 'Let me make the songs
of a nation, and I care not who makes its laws."
His Eminence, however, could hardly have foreseen
that Longfellow's poetry would ere long be used by a
ruler as an instrument to pacify a people for whom the
threatenings of the law had but few terrors. We quote
the narration which has elicited these remarks:
"AN APT QUOTATION.-The Lecompton (Kansas) Union of the 2d
Inst. has a pleasant account of a visit recently paid by Acting Go-
vernor Stanton to the citizens of Lawrence. After partaking of
the hospitalities kindly extended to him by Governor Robinson, he
addressed. by request, a crowd of some five hundred free-State nien.
who did not hesitate to manifest disapprobation at such portions
of the speech as did not accord with their peculiar political views.
At the close of Mr. Stanton's speech he pictured in glowing lan-
guage the Indian tradition of Hiawatha, of the Peace-Pipe,' shaped
and fashioned' by Gitchie Manito, the Mighty,' and by which he
'called the tribes of men together,' and in his own language ad-
dressed them :-
•
M
"I have given you lands to hunt in,
I have given you streams to fish in,
I have given you bear and bison,
1128
I have given you roe and reindeer,
I have given you brant and beaver,
(6:
Fill'd the marshes full of wild fowl,
Fill'd the river full of fishes:
Why, then, are you not contented?
Why, then, will you hunt each other?
I am weary of your quarrels,
Weary of your wars and bloodshed,
Weary of your prayers for vengeance,
Of your wranglings and dissensions:
All your strength is in your union,
All your danger is in discord;
Therefore be at peace henceforward,
And, as brothers, live together.'
"The applicability of the quotation (says the Lecompton Union;
was felt by the crowd, and involuntary applause burst forth fron
those who had murmured but a moment before."
We have not been sparing of the quotation of opinions
on Iliawatha; but those who desire to pursue the subject
still further can refer to the Irish Quarterly Review, Jan.
1856, and to Putnam's (New York) Magazine, Dec. 1855.
Having now concluded the list of the publications of
this favorite author, it is proper that we should say a few
words respecting the principal editions of his works. A
beautiful illustrated collective ed. of Longfellow's Poetical
Works was pub. by Carey & Hart in Philadelphia, 1845,
Svo, with engravings by J. Cheney from original pictures
by Huntington. Messrs. Ticknor and Fields, of Boston,-
so favourably known for their taste in getting up the best
productions of American and English authors,-have been
for some years Mr. Longfellow's publishers, and issue his
works in single vols., or all together in 6 vols.,—three of
poetry and three of prose. They have within the last few
months (in 1857) given to the world a beautiful edition
of his Complete Works,-viz.: POEMS in 2 vols. 32mo.
Contents of vol. i.: 1. Voices of the Night; 2. Earlier
Poems; 3. Translations; 4. Ballads, and other Poems; 5.
Poems on Slavery; 6. The Spanish Student; 7. The
Belfry of Bruges, and other Poems; S. The Seaside and
the Fireside. Contents of vol. ii.: 1. Evangeline; 2. The
Golden Legend; 3. Hiawatha. PROSE WORKS, 2 vols.
32mo, viz.: Contents of vol. i.: 1. Outre-Mer, a Pil-
grimage beyond the Sea; 2. Drift-Wood, a Collection of
Essays. Contents of vol. ii.: 1. Hyperion, a Romance;
2. Kavanagh, a Tale. The circulation of this beautiful
edition, which is sold at the trifling price of seventy-five
cents per vol., will undoubtedly be very large. We re-
capitulate the figures which we have affixed to the titles
of Longfellow's productions.
Sale of Longfellow's Poetical Works to April, 1857:
Pub. Sale to Copies.
April, 1857 43,000
40,000
38,000
Voices of the Night
Ballads, and other Poems.....
The Spanish Student…....
..1843
The Belfry of Bruges, and other Poems ...1846
Evangeline
.1847
.1849
...1851
..Oct. 1855
The Seaside and the Fireside..
The Golden Legend………..
Hiawatha...
MAGNO
Sale of the Prose Works:
Outre-Mer
Hyperion.
Kavanagh....
…………
……………
1839
.1841
Pub.
1835
.1839
.....1849
CC
<<
<<
(C
(C
(C
(C
►
Sale to
April, 1857
M
66
CC
38,000
37,000
30,000
17,000
50,000
293,000
Copics.
7,500
14,550
10,500
<<
Sale of Prose Works .....
"Poetical Works
Total sale in America of Longfellow's Works to April, 1857...326,550
What the sale has been in Europe we have no means
in America, undoubtedly he enjoys the same pre-eminence
of knowing; but, as Longfellow is the most popular poet
in Great Britain. If this assertion amaze the reader, we
shall strengthen it a little, and are very safe in affirming
that there is no living poet on either side of the water
who makes even a distant approach to Longfellow's popu-
larity. Within the last few years the English eds. of his
Bickers; 2. Bogue; 3. Chapman; 4. Clarke; 5. Dickinson;
Works have been issued by the following publishers: 1.
6. Gilpin; 7. Houlston; S. Knight & Son; 9. Gall & Inglis;
10. Nelson; 11. Routledge; 12. Simpkin; 13. Slater;
Richards; 18. Walker.
14. Tegg; 15. Theobald; 16. Whittaker; 17. Kent &
Among the eds. put forth by
these publishers deserving of particular notice are: 1.
Poetical Works, "containing 34 pieces not in any other
illustrated ed.;" illustrated by John Gilbert.
with a portrait after Lawrence, 1855. p. 4to, £1 18.; pub.
100 plates,
by Routledge. 2. Poetical Works, illustrated by Birket
Foster, and others; last ed., 1856, 8vo, £1 18.; pub. by
Bogue. 3. Poems, with Essay by Gilfillan, (Liverp.,)
1850, sq., 58. 6d.; gilt, 68. 6d.; mor. extra, 108.; pub.
by Simpkin. 4. Voices of the Night, illustrated by
a Lady, 1850, 4to, 108. 6d. ; pub. by Dickinson.
Voices of the Night, illustrated, 1852, 8vo, 158.; pub. by
5.
32.550
.293,000
LON
LON
Bogue. 6. Evangeline, illustrated, 1849, p. 8vo; 3d ed.,
1852, p. 8vo, 10. 6d.; pub. by Bogue. 7. Evangeline,
illustrated by John Gilbert, engravings by Dalziel Bro-
thers, 1856, med. 8vo, 78. 6d.; pub. by Routledge. 8.
Golden Legend, illustrated with 50 engravings, 1855,
cr. 8vo, 128.; mor., 218.; pub. by Bogue. 9. Song of
Hiawatha, illustrated by John Gilbert, 1856, 28. 6d. ; gilt,
38.; pub. by Routledge. 10. Prose Works,-viz.: I. Outre-
II. Hyperion; III. Kavanagh; new ed., all in 1 vol.
sq., 68.; pub. by Bogue. 11. Hyperion, with illustrations,
1852, sq., 3×. 6d.; pub. by Bogue. 12. Prose Works, by
12. Prose Works, by
Gilfillan, 1857, 12mo, 48.; pub. by Bickers. Nor should
we omit to notice the beautiful "Christmas Present,"
pub. by Boosey & Sons, of Holles Street, (1857, 12mo, £1
38.,) containing Fourteen of Longfellow's Songs, set to
Music by Balfe, as introduced at all the principal Con-
certs of the Season by Miss Dolby, Miss Huddart, Mr.
Sims Reeve, and Herr Reichardt. Contents 1. Two
1. Two
Locks of Hair, Song; 2. The Village Blacksmith, Song;
3. The Rainy Day, Song; 4. Stars of the Summer Night,
Serenade; 5. The Arrow and the Song, Song; 6. The
Happiest Land, Song; 7. Good-Night, Beloved, Serenade;
8. Annie of Tharaw, Song; 9. The Reaper and the
Flowers, Song; 10. This is the Place, Ballad 11. The
Green Trees, Ballad; 12. The Day is Done, Song; 13.
Trust her not, Duett; 14. Excelsior, Duett.
The publication of this volume is another evidence of the
unbounded popularity of the author in Great Britain.
Man's
"Probably there is no author who writes the English language,”
emarks the correspondent of Moore's Rural New-Yorker," so popu-
lar in England, at the present time, as Longfellow. His writings
are the subject of much criticism in the journals, and are printed
in almost every possible form and style. The number of cheap
editions is very numerous, and this is a convincing proof of his
great popularity. He is read and admired by all classes; and quota-
tions from his poenis are frequently made in the pulpit, in journals,
and by public speakers.”
Grace Greenwood, (Mrs. Sarah J. Lippincott,) in her
Haps and Mishaps of a Tour in Europe, remarks:
"During this evening Mr. Dickens spoke to me with much inte-
rest and admiration of Mrs. Stowe and Mr. Hawthorne. Wherever
I go, my national pride is gratified by hearing eloquent tributes to
these authors and to the poet Longfellow."
|
Mary Russell Mitford was one of the most ardent of
our poet's admirers, and devotes a chapter to his praise
and poetry in her Recollections of a Literary Life:
"I do not know a more enviable reputation," she remarks, "than
Professor Longfellow has won for himself in this country,-won,
too, with a rapidity seldom experienced by our native poets. The
terseness of diction and force of thought delight the old; the grace
and melody enchant the young; the unaffected and all-pervading
picty satisfies the serious; and a certain slight touch of mysticism
carries the imaginative reader fairly off his feet. For my own part,
I confess not only to the being captivated by all these qualities,
(mysticism excepted.) but to the farther fact of yielding to the
charm of certain lines. I cannot very well tell why, and walking
about the house repeating such figments as this,-
'I give the first watch of the night
To the red planet Mars,'-
as if I were still eighteen. I am not sure that this is not as great
a proof of the power of the poet as can be given.”—American Poets,
Chapter VI.
That exquisite poet and intelligent critic, Mr. Moir,
(the "Delta" of Blackwood,) at the conclusion of his
Sketches of the Poetical Literature of the Past Half-
Century, (Edin. and Lon., 1851, 12mo,) remarks:
"I should have also liked to have been able to add more strictures
on the brother-poets of America, more especially Henry Longfellow
and William Cullen Bryant, for both of whom I have a high admi-
ration, the one being distinguished for the possession of the very
element in which our recent verse is so deficient,-imaginative truth,
-and the other having preserved, in many of his pictures. the na-
tive aboriginal tone which must hereafter render them invaluable.”
"The distinguishing qualities of Longfellow seem to be beauty
of imagination, delicacy of taste, wide sympathy, and mild earnest-
ness, expressing themselves sometimes in forms of quaint and fan-
tastic fancy, but always in chaste and simple language. One
of the most pleasing characteristics of this writer's works is their
intense humanity. A man's heart beats in his every line. . . . He
loves, pities, and feels with, as well as for, his fellow human mor-
tal. . . . He is a brother, speaking to men as brothers, and as
brothers they are responsive to his voice. . . . We close our paper
with feelings of gratitude and respect for our transatlantic author."
—Gilfillan's Second Gallery of Literary Portraits, 2d ed., Edin.,
1852, 254-264.
"In golden harmony, mellifluous diction, and erudite polish,
Longfellow can successfully compete with our most fastidious
poets; and few can surpass him in richness of fancy, imaginative
capacity, and elevation of thought. The admiration which his
poetry must necessarily elicit from us will be heightened con-
siderably when we reflect that this elegance and unalterable
deference to the laws of beauty is altogether unattended by any
poverty of substance, contracted range of thought, tameness in
origination of idea or its embodiment. . . . Philosophy, and that
generally of the purest and the most hopeful kind, enhances the
value of his poetry; his metaphysical ratiocinations are no less
remarkable for their soundness and subtlety than for the buoyant
·
spirit which pervades them; and wisdom holds her throne supreme
over all his imaginings."-Irish Quar. Rev., June. 1855; 197-204.
"His poems are of an order to which we have none akin, Ger
many. more than England. has been the source of his inspiration.
Our own writers of short poems—Wordsworth. Coleridge, Shelley
have nothing in common with him. He is still further removed
from our lyric writers, from Burns to Moore. He writes. liko
Cowper. with a purpose, and his verses have a liquid flow to which
the former can lay no claim.”—Lon. Metropolitan.
"We are thankful that the present age is graced by such a poet
as Mr. Longfellow, whose extraordinary accomplishment and re-
search, and devotion to his high calling, can hardly be overrated.
His productions must always command our deep attention, for in
them we are certain to meet with great beauty of thought, and
very elegant diction.”—Blackwood's Mag., Feb. 1852.
See also Ruskin's Elements of Drawing; Leigh Hut
letter to the American editor of his Corrected Poetical
Works, prefixed to this collection, pub. by Ticknor and
Fields, Boston, 1857.
These are certainly high commendations, and, with
those previously quoted from foreign sources, must be the
more gratifying to the subject of them from the fact that
no national partiality can be suspected. Not, indeed,
that our American critics are often guilty of indiscriminate
laudation of their own countrymen. We are very natu-
rally and very properly awake to the danger of erring in
this matter, and are quite as likely to permit caution to
incline us to the other extreme. As regards Mr. Long-
fellow, however, were our critics ever so extravagant in
eulogy, it would be difficult for them to surpass the leaders
of literary opinion in Europe. We bave already quoted
many American criticisms on several of our author's
works, and feel tempted to adduce several native opinions
respecting his general characteristics as a poet; but bere-
our article having already insensibly lengthened itself
until, like the clown in the churchyard, we are afraid to
look back-we must force ourselves to be brief.
i.
• Longfellow has a perfect command of that expression which
results from restraining rather than cultivating fluency; and his
manner is adapted to his theme. He rarely, if ever, mistakes
emotions for conceptions.' He selects with great delicacy and
precision the exact phrase which best expresses or suggests his
idea. He colours his style with the skill of a painter; and, in com-
pelling words to picture thought. he not only has the warm flush
and bright tints of language at his command. but he arrests its
evanescent hues. In the higher department of his art—that of so
combining his words and images that they make music to the soul
as well as to the ear, and convey not only his feelings and thoughts,
but also the very tone and condition of the soul in which they
have their being-he has given exquisite examples in Maidenhood
and Endymion.... Longfellow's verse occupies a position half-
way between the poetry of actual life and the poetry of transcen-
dentalism. Like all neutrals, he is liable to attack from the zealots
of both parties; but it seems to us that he has hit the exact point
beyond which no poet can at present go without being either
neglected or ridiculed. He idealizes real life; he elicits new mean-
ing from many of its rough shows; he clothes subtle and delicate
thoughts in familiar imagery; he embodies high moral sentiment
in beautiful and ennobling forms; he inweaves the golden threads
of spiritual being into the texture of common existence; he discerns
and addresses some of the finest sympathies of the heart: but he
rarely soars into those regions of abstract imagination where the
bodily eye cannot follow, but where that of the seer is gifted with
a pervading vision."-E. P. Whipple's Essays and Reviews, vol.
i. 60-61, 62-63; and N. Amer. Rev., Jan. 1844, vol. lviii. 24, 26.
:
The reader should peruse the whole of this admirable
paper, or, rather, the whole of the two volumes,-Whipple's
Essays and Reviews, Bost., 1851.
"Nothing can exceed the exquisite beauty of some of his smaller
pieces, while they also abound in that richness of expression and
imagery which the Romantic muse is supposed to claim as her
more especial attribute. The melody of his versification is very
remarkable: some of his stanzas sound with the richest and sweet-
est music of which language is capable. It is unnecessary to
illustrate this remark by quotations: the memories of all readers
of poetry involuntarily retain them. In the range of American
poetry, it would not be easy to find any that is so readily remem-
bered, that has sunk so deeply into the hearts of the people, and
that so spontaneously rises to the speaker's tongue in the pulpit
and the lecture-room."-PROF. C. C. FELTON: N. Amer. Rev., July,
1842, lv. 115.
"Almost all Longfellow's poems are gems set with consummate
taste. . . . His Skeleton in Armor is the most novel and character
istic of his shorter poems, and his Psalm of Life and Excelsior are
the most familiar and endeared. He is the artistic, as Halleck is
the lyrical, and Bryant the picturesque and philosophic, of Ame
rican poets."-H. T. TUCKERMAN: Sketch of Amer, Lit, 1852.
The reference to the Psalm of Life and Excelsior mey
remind some of our readers of Mr. Gilfillan's fervid con-
mendation of these poems:
"No poet has more beautifully expressed the depth of his con-
viction that life is an earnest reality,-a something with eternal
issues and dependencies; that this earth is no scene of revelry or
market of sale, but an arena of contest. This is the inspiration
of his Psalm of Life; than which we have few things finer. in
moral tone. since those odes by which the millions of Israel tuned
their march across the wilderness. . . . We have just alluded to
Excelsior, one of those happy thoughts which seem to drop down,
like fine days, from some serener region, which meet instantly the
ideal of all minds, and run on afterwards, and forever. in the cur
1129
LON
LON
rent of the human heart. We can now no more conceive of a
world without Excelsior than of a world without the Iliad, the
Comus, or the Midsummer Night's Dream. It has expressed in
the happiest and briefest way what many minds in the age had
been trying in vain to express."-Second Gallery of Literary Pur-
traits, 2d ed., Edin., 258, 259.
But to return to our American critics:
"Of all our poets, Longfellow best deserves the title of artist.
He has studied the principles of verbal melody, and rendered hin-
self master of the mysterious affinities which exist between sound
and sense, word and thought, feeling and expression. This tact in
the use of language is probably the chief cause of his success.
There is an aptitude, a gracefulness, and vivid beauty, in many of
his stanzas which at once impress the memory and win the ear
and heart." R. W. GRISWOLD: Poets and Poetry of America, 16th
ed., Phila., 1855, 355.
"We shall only say that he is the most popular of American
poets, and that this popularity may safely be assumed to contain
in itself the elements of permanence, since it has been fairly earned,
without any of that subservience to the baser tastes of the public
which characterizes the quack of letters. His are laurels honour-
ally gained and gently worn. Without comparing him with
others, it is enough if we declare our conviction that he has com-
posed poems which will live as long as the language in which they
are written."-J. RUSSELL LOWELL: N. Amer. Rev., 69, 215.
The secret of his popularity as a poet is probably that of all
similar popularity,—namely, the fact that his poetry expresses a
universal sentiment in the simplest and most melodious manner.
Each of his most noted poems is the song of a feeling common to
every mind in moods into which every mind is liable to fall. Thas,
a Psalm of Life. Footsteps of Angels, To the River Charles, Excelsior,
The Bridge, The Gleam of Sunshine, The Day is Done, The Old
Clock on the Stairs, The Arrow and the Song, The Fire of Drift-
wood, Twilight, The Open Window, are all most adequate and
inexpressibly delicate renderings of quite universal emotions.
There is a humanity in them which is irresistible in the fit mea-
sures to which they are wedded. If some elegiac poots have strung
rosaries of tears, there is a weakness of woe in their verses which
repels; but the quiet, pensive thought,-the twilight of the mind,
in which the little facts of life are saddened in view of their rela-
tion to the eternal laws, time and change, this is the meditation
and mourning of every manly heart. and this is the alluring and
permanent charm of Longfellow's poetry."-GEORGE WILLIAM
CURTIS: Sketch of Longfellow, in Homes of American Authors, N.
York, 1853, 282-283.
|
Thus have we seen the poet's praise chanted alike by
stern reviewer and gentle lady, by lowly critic and lordly
prelate. But, as we cast a glance at the table where our
books are piled in "learned confusion" around us, we are
silently reminded that our pleasing task is not yet finished.
The poet's bays are entitled to another wreath, and we
shall not withhold it.
shall not withhold it. It was promised by the wisest of
men that he who was "diligent in his business" should
"stand before kings;" and-laborious in the great duty
of accumulating and distributing knowledge, laborious
in the cause of humanity, of freedom, and of truth-the
poet, scholar, and philanthropist of Cambridge has not
failed of this reward also.
Mad
"He [Dom Pedro II.] approached the table where were the books
presented by Parry & McMillan. He opened the Homes of the
American Authors, and surprised me by his knowledge of our
literature. He made remarks on Irving. Cooper, and Prescott,
showing an intimate acquaintance with each. His eye falling upon
the name of Longfellow, he asked me, in great haste and eagerness,
'Monsieur Fletcher, avez-vous les poëmes de M. Longfellow? It
was the first time that I ever saw in Dom Pedro II. an enthusiasm
which in its earnestness and simplicity resembled the warmth of
childhood when about to possess itself of some long-cherished
object. I replied, 'I believe not, your majesty.' 'Oh,' said he, 'I
am exceedingly sorry, for I have sought in every bookstore of Rio
de Janeiro for Longfellow, and I cannot find him. I have a num-
ber of beautiful morceaux from him; but I wish the whole work.
I admire him so much.' Mr. Fletcher afterward presented him
The following list of translations of a number of Long-with the Poets and Poetry of America, informing the emperor that
fellow's works will interest the reader:
In Italian:
Evangelina, tradotta da Pietro Rotondi, Firenza, 1857.
In German:
it contained some choice selections from the American poet whom
he so much admired, and whom he called my Longfellow.' After-
ward, at the palace of S. Christopher, when Mr. F. took leave of
the emperor, the latter said to him, When you return to your
country, have the kindness to say to Mr. Longfellow how much
Longfellow's Gedichte übersetz von Carl Böttger, Dessau,
1856; Gedichte von H. W. Longfellow, Deutsch von
Alexander Neidhard, Darmstadt, 1856; Balladen und
pleasure he has given me, and be pleased to tell him combien jo
l'estime, combien je l'aime."
Lieder von H. W. Longfellow, Deutsch von A. R. Nielo,
Münster, 1857; Hyperion, Deutsch von Adolf Böttger,
Leipzig, 1856; Evangeline, Aus dem Englischen, Ham-
burg, 1857; Evangeline, Aus dem Englischen, von P. J.
Bekie, Leipzig, 1854; Das Lied von Hiawatha, Deutsch
von Adolf Böttger, Leipzig, 1856; Der Sang von Hia-
watha, übersetze von Ferdinand Freiligrath, Stuttgart
und Augsburg, 1857; Der Spanische Student, übersetze
von Karl Böttger, Dessau, 1854.
In French:
Evangéline, suivie des Voix de la Nuit, poëmes tra-
duits par Le Chevalier de Chatelain, Jersey, 1856.
In 1855 the Rev. J. C. Fletcher took a number of spe-
cimens of American literature, art, and manufactures to
the capital of Brazil, where he was permitted to exhibit
them in the National Museum. They were first visited
by the Emperor Dom Pedro II., whose knowledge of lite-
rature is as remarkable as his attainments in science. In
the work entitled Brazil and the Brazilians,(by Rev. Messrs.
Kidder and Fletcher,) Mr. F. gives an account of his ma-
jesty's visit; and to this narration (furnished us by Mr.
Fletcher in advance of the publication of his volume) it is
owing that to the many golden opinions of Mr. Longfellow
already recorded we are able to add that of the monarch of
Brazil:
Those who desire to peruse critical dissertations (in ad-
dition to the many already indicated) on the works and
genius of this popular author can refer to-1. Herrig's
Handbuch der Nordamerikanischen National literatur.
2. Allgemeine Zeitung. 3. Revue des Deux Mondes.
4. Journal des Débats. 5. Lon. Athenæum, 1835, 148,
(Lit. in the Nineteenth Century: America.) 6. Lon.
Athenæum, 1844, 8-9. 7. Eclectic Review, 4th ser.,
xxvi. 710. 8. Fraser's Mag., April, 1855. 9. Dubl. Univ.
Mag., xxxv. 461. 10. New Monthly Mag., (copied in Bost.
Liv. Age,) xxxix. 417. 11. Amer. Whig Rev., xii. 359.
12. South. Lit. Mess., vi. 230. 13. Do., viii. 150.
14. Do.,
xi. 92. But we must not conclude without giving the pro-
mised quotation respecting Longfellow, from Cardinal
Wiseman's Lecture on the Home Education of the Poor.
Thus it runs:
"There is no greater lack in English literature than that of a
poet of the people, of one who shall be to the labouring-classes of
England what Goethe is to the peasant of Germany. He was a
true philosopher who said, 'Let me make the songs of a nation,
and I care not who makes its laws. There is one writer who ap-
proaches nearer than any other to this standard; and he has
already gained such a hold on our hearts that it is almost unneces-
sary for me to mention his name. Our hemisphere cannot claim
the honour of having brought him forth; but still he belongs to
us, for his works have become as household words wherever the
English language is spoken. And, whether we are charmed by his
imagery, or soothed by his melodious versification, or elevated by
the high moral teachings of his pure muse, or follow with sympa
thizing hearts the wanderings of Evangeline, I am sure that all
who hear my voice will join with me in the tribute I desire to pay
to the genius of Longfellow."
•
ceding, a Unitarian minister, stationed at Brooklyn, New
Longfellow, Rev. Samuel, brother of the pre-
York. In conjunction with Samuel Johnson, 1. A Book
of Psalms and Hymns for Public and Private Devotion;
7th ed., Bost., 1855. 2. Thalatta: a Book for the Sea-Side,
1853, 12mo. This is a collection of poetry, partly original.
Longfellow, Stephen, LL.D., 1776-1849, father
of the two preceding, a native of Gorham, Massachusetts,
graduated at Harvard University in 1798, became an
eminent lawyer, was a member of the National Congress,
and filled several other public posts with credit to himself
and advantage to his constituents. He resided principally
at Portland, Maine, and died in that city, which he had
long faithfully served. A number of his legal arguments
will be found in the Massachusetts and the Maine Reports.
He was noted for his copious stores of knowledge, and the
agreeable manner in which he imparted the results of his
investigations to his hearers. See Judge Story's Life and
Letters.
"In all the relations of private and public life, Mr. Longfellow
was a model man: kind and affectionate in his family, prompt and
efficient in business, courteous uniformly, ready with money or
service, whenever properly required, and filling large places in be
nevolent and religious institutions, his death was deeply mourned,
and the people grieved most of all that they should see his face no
more.
"A life so adorned could not have been withdrawn from its
sphere of usefulness without making a palpable void; and I only
express the universal sentiment that was felt at his departure, that
an able, upright, and Christian gentleman had gone.-one to whom
may be applied language used in regard to an eminent English
lawyer, that he cast honour upon his honourable profession, and
sought dignity, not from the ermine or the mace, but from a
straight path and a spotless life.'"— Willis's Address before the Maine
Historical Society, March 5, 1857; containing Biographical Notices
of the Former Presidents of the Society, 24-25, Portland, 1857, 12mo,
pp. 54.
1. Law of Distress and Re-
Longfield, Robert.
plevin in Ireland, Dubl., 1841,
plevin in Ireland, Dubl., 1841, 8vo. 2. Action of Eject-
ment, &c.; 2d ed., 1844, 8vo. 3. With J. F. Townsend,
Irish Excheq. Reports, 1843, Svo.
Longhurst, Rev. S. Common-Place Book; or, Com-
panion to the N. Testament, Richmond and London, 1833,
8vo. A valuable work. See Horne's Bibl. Bib.
Longland. Soo LANGELAnd.
1130
LON
LOR
Longland, Thomas. Quatuor Novissima; or, Medi-
tations upon the Four Last Things, Lon., 1657, 12mo.
Longley, Charles Thomas, first Bishop of Ripon,
1836. 1. Charge, Lon., 1838, 8vo. 2. Serm., Amos iii. 6,
1840. 3. Charge, 1841, 8vo.
Longley, John. 1. Representation of the Commons,
Lon., 1795, 8vo. 2. Trial by Jury, 1812, 8vo.
Longman, William, a member of the eminent Lon-
don publishing-house which has so long borne his name,
privately printed in 1856, (12mo, pp. 123,) Journal of Six
Weeks' Adventure in Switzerland, Piedmont, and on the
Italian Lakes, by W. L. and W. T. The travellers saw
much in six weeks, and their tour is pleasantly described
by the historiographer to the Expedition. Mr. Longman
is also the author of a number of papers on entomology,
in which department of science he has gained considerable
distinction.
Longmate, Barak. 1. Supp. to 5th ed. of Collins's
Peerage, 1779-84, 8vo. 2. Pocket-Peerages of England,
Scotland, and Ireland, 1810, 2 vols. r. 18mo.
Longmire, John B. Papers on coal-mines, &c. in
Thom. Ann. Philos., 1815-16.
Longmoor, A. Serms., 1788, 1804.
Longstreet, Judge A. B., a native of Georgia, late
President of Emory College, Oxford, Georgia, and a
minister of the Methodist Church. Georgia Scenes, Cha-
racters, Incidents, &c. in the First Half-Century of the
Republic, by a Native Georgian, N. York, 1840. Judge
L. has contributed a number of papers to the Southern
journals, The Magnolia, and The Orion. See Duyckinck's
Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
Longworth, G. A. A Year among the Circassians,
Lon., 1840, 2 vols. r. 12mo.
"Incomparably the most valuable account of Circassia that has
yet appeared.'-Lon. Court Journal.
Also highly commended by the Athenæum, and the
Naval and Military Gazette.
Longworth, Nicholas, a wealthy cultivator of the
vine, b. in Newark, N. Jersey, 1783, bas resided at Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, since 1804. R. Buchanan's treatise on The
Culture of the Grape and Wine-Making; with an Appendix
by N. L., containing Directions for the Cultivation of the
Strawberry, Cin., 1852, Svo; 6th ed., revised, 1856, 12mo.
"A man with ordinary judgment cannot fail in grape or straw-
berry culture if he tries to follow the advice of this little book."
-Ohio Farmer.
“We would wish that this treatise on lateral curvature of the
spine were generally read, since much ignorance prevails concern-
ing the subject, and, consequently, it presents an ample field for
the quack, and an opprobrium to the profession.”—Lancet.
Lonsdale, J. J. The Statute Criminal Law of Eng-
land, Lon., 1$39, 12mo.
"The most perfect work of the kind ever issued from the press."
3 Jurist, 1109.
Lonsdale, John, D.D., Bishop of Lichfield. 1. Testi-
monies resp. a Future Judgment, Lon., 1821, Svo. 2. The
Four Gospels: see HALE, WM.
1. Erroneous
Lonsdale, John, Lord-Viscount. Memoirs of
the Reign of James II., York, 1808, 4to. Not published.
Lood. Church Catechism, 1706, Svo.
Lookup, John, a Hutchinsonian.
Translations in the Vulgar Versions of the Scriptures
Considered, Lon., 1739, Svo. 2. Berasheth; or, the First
Book of Moses, called Genesis, trans. from the original,
1740, Svo.
"He seems to have studied with attention the genius of the ori-
ginal, and in some places has well expressed his meaning."
EDDES.
"His sentiments on the doctrine of the Trinity were not correct."
-Orme's Bill. Bib.
Lonnergan, Andrew. Fencer's Guide, 1772, Svo.
Lonsdale, Edward F., Surgeon to the Royal Or-ing, N. York, 1834, 8vo.
thopedic Hospital. 1. Practical Treat. on Fractures, Lon.,
1838, Svo. 2. Lateral Curvature of the Spine, 1847, Svo;
2d ed., 1852, Svo.
Loomis, Elias, LL.D., b. at Willington, Tolland
county, Connecticut, 1811; grad. at Yale College in 1830.
In 1836 he was appointed Professor of Mathematics and
Natural Philosophy at Western Reserve College, Ohio, and |
in 1844 Professor of the same branches in the University
of the City of New York, with which institution he is still
connected, (1857.) 1. Elements of Algebra, designed for
beginners, N. York, 1851, 12mo. 2. A Treatise on Algebra;
12th ed., 1857, 12mo. 3. Geometry and Conic Sections;
9th ed., 1857, 12mo. 4. Trigonometry and Tables; Sth
ed., 1856, Svo. 5. Analytical Geometry and the Calculus;
6th ed., 1856, Svo. 6. Introduction to Practical Astronomy,
1855, Svo.
7. Recent Progress of Astronomy, especially in the
United States, 1850, 12mo; 3d ed., 1856, 12mo.
"I beg to recommend it as the best work of the kind in the
English tongue.”—J. P. NICHol, LL.D.
"Professor Loomis's work comprises not only the discoveries of
these [twenty] later years, but descriptions (with plates) of im-
proved instruments and new observatories."-N. Amer. Rev., Oct.
1856, 560.
"The work is clearly written,-popular, but still with a precision
which proves the author equal to his task."-Westminster Rev
Jan. 1857.
8. Treat. on Arithmetic, Practical and Theoretical, 1857,
12mo.
"Prof. Loomis's text-books in mathematics are models of neat-
ness, precision, and practical adaptation to the wants of the stu
dent."-Method. Quar. Rev., edited by the Rev. J. McClintock, D.D.
He has also contributed some papers to the Transactions
of the American Philosophical Society, vols. vii. to x., new
series; and twenty-five papers to the American Journal
of Science, from 1835 to 54, besides occasional articles
in the Proceedings of the American Association for the
advancement of Science, Gould's Astronomical Journal,
and other periodicals. See H. M. Bouvier's Familiar As-
tronomy, Phila., 1857, 365.
Loomis, Harvey, d. 1825, aged about 35, first
minister of Bangor, Maine, pub. A Serm. before the Maine
Missionary Society, 1823. See Sprague's Annals.
Loomis, Justin R., b. 1810, at Bennington, New
York, Prof. of Chemistry and Geology in Lewisburg Uni-
versity, Penna. 1. Elements of Geology, Bost., 1552,
12mo.
"We feel convinced that, in all the requirements of a text-book
of natural science, it is surpassed by no work before the American
public."-M. B. ANDERSON, LL.D., President of Rochester Uni-
versity.
2. Elements of Anatomy and Physiology, Phila., 1853,
12mo.
Lord, Benjamin, D.D., d. 1784, aged 90, minister
of Norwich, Conn., pub. a number of occasional serms.,
1722-80. See Sprague's Annals.
Lord, Charles. Letter to the Board of Guardians
of the Edmonton Union, Lon., 1839, Svo.
Lord, Daniel M., and Rev. W. M. Rogers,
Editors of Zebulon, or the Moral Claims of Seamen Stated
and Enforced, Bost., 18mo.
Lord, David N. 1. Characteristics and Laws of
Figurative Language, N. York, 1855, 12mo. 2. Geognosy;
or, The Facts and Principles of Geology against Theories,
1855, 12mo. This is a vigorous protest against the specu-
lations of several eminent living writers.
Lord, Eleazar. 1. On Credit, Currency, and Bank-
"In so far as respects general principles, the positions in this
tract are mostly unexceptionable; but the practical measures sug-
gested are of a very different description."-McCulloch's Lit. of
Polit. Econ., 1845, 186.
2. The Epoch of Creation: The Scripture Doctrine con-
trasted with the Geological Theory, 1855, 12mo. Highly
commended.
3. The Plenary Inspiration of the Holy Scriptures, 1857.
Lord, Henry. 1. Sect of the Banians, Lon., 1630,
4to. 2. Religion of the Persees in the E. Indies, 1630,
4to. Reprinted in Churchill's Voyages and Travels, vol.
vi., in Pinkerton's Voyages and Travels, vol. viii., and in
Picart's Ceremonies, iii. 273.
Lord, James. Conveyancing, Lon., 1844, 12mo.
"A meagre and unsatisfactory work." See 8 Jurist, 456.
Lord, John. 1. Modern Hist. from the time of Luther
to the Fall of Napoleon, Phila., 1850, 12mo, Lon., 1853,
Svo: 1855, Sro; 1856, Svo; Phila., 1857, 12mo.
students an intelligent interest in historical study than any other
"It is far better calculated to awaken in the minds of young
school-history we have met."-Lom. Educational Record,
Also highly commended by the following London
journals: Athenæum, Spectator, Evangel. Mag., Patriot,
Ladies' Newspaper. See Princeton Review, xxii. 324.
2. A New Hist. of the U. States of America, for Schools,
1850, 12mo; 1857, 12mo. Mr. Lord has gained a wide
reputation by his Lectures on History, delivered in Great
Britain and America, and commended by Dr. Chalmers
and other eminent auditors.
Lord, John King, d. 1849, aged 30, minister in
Cincinnati. Serms., with a Memoir by his father, Presi-
dent Lord, of Dartmouth College, Bost., 1850, 12mo. See
Sprague's Anuals.
Lord, Rev. John E., of Buffalo, N. York. Lects.
on the Progress of Civilization and Government, and other
subjects, Buffalo, 1851, 12mo.
Lord, Thomas. Hist. of British Birds, Lon., 1791,
r. fol., 114 col'd plates. A rare book.
Lord, William W., b. about 1818, in Western New
York, Rector of an Episcopal Church in Vicksburg, Mis-
sissippi. 1. Poems, N. York, 1845, 12mo. See Method.
1131
LOR
LOU
Quar. Rev., vii. 357; Poe's Literati. 2. Christ in Hades;
an Epic Poem, 1851, 12mo.
"Written with finished elegance, sustained elevation, and much
criginal force."-Griswold's Poets and Poetry of America.
See N. York Church Rev., v. 593; N. York Internat.
Mag., ii. 459.
Lorimer, Charles. Letters to a Young Master-
Mariner; new ed., Lon., 1844, fp. Svo. This work treats
principally of the commercial duties and legal powers and
responsibilities of the master-mariner.
Lorimer, J. Dipping Needle; Phil. Trans., 1775.
Lorimer, John, M.D., d. 1795. Magnetism, &c.,
1795.
Lorimer, John G., of Free St. David's Church,
Glasgow. Theolog. treatises, Lon., 1842-48.
Lorimer, Rev. Wm. Theolog. treatises, 1694-1718.
Lorimer, Rev. Wm. Rough Rice, Lon., 1798, Svo.
Loring, Edward G., of the Suffolk (Mass.) Bar. 1.
Arbitration at Common Law, &c., Bost., 1856, Svo. 2.
General Law of Bankruptcy and Insolvency, &c., 1856, Svo.
Loring, Israel, 1682-1772, minister of Sudbury,
Mass., pub. several serms. and theolog. treatises, 1728-54.
See Sprague's Annals.
Loring, James Spear, b. at Boston, Mass., 1799,
was for thirty years connected with the book-trade in his
native city. The Hundred Boston Orators, Bost., 1852,
8vo; 3d ed., 1854, Svo, pp. 720. A valuable work. See
Lon. Athen., 1855, 973, and critical notices at end of
last ed. of The Orators. Mr. Loring has pub. many anti-
quarian, historical, and biographical articles in the Boston
periodicals.
Loriot, J. Geography, Read., 1797, 12mo.
Loriot, M. Dictionary of French Verbs, &c., 1801. "
Lorrain, Alfred M., of Ohio, formerly a sailor.
Ten Sea Serms., Lon., 1854, 12mo.
Lorrain, Paul. Serms., &c., Lon., 1652–1712.
Lorrain, Wm. Educational Works, 1810-19, &c.
Lort, Michael, D.D., 1725-1790, admitted of Trin.
Coll., Camb., 1745; Greek Professor at Cambridge, 1759;
Rector of St. Matthew, Friday Street, London, 1771;
Preb. of St. Paul's, 1780. He pub. some Serms., 1760,
'69; Short Comment on the Lord's Prayer, 1790, Svo;
papers in Archæol., 1777, 79, '87; wrote an Inquiry rela-
tive to the authorship of The Whole Duty of Man, (pub.
by John Nichols,) and aided in several works pub. by
others. See Nichols's Lit. Anec.; Nichols's Poems;
Granger's Letters, by Malcolm, p. 192; Lyson's Environs,
vol. ii.; Lon. Gent. Mag., 60, 61.
|
Lort, William, Bishop of Bristol. Serm. at West-
minster, 181O.
Losh, James. Government of France, 1797, 8vo.
Loskiel, George Henry. Hist. of the Mission of
the United Brethren to the Indians of N. America; from
the German, by C. J. Latrobe, Lon., 1794, Svo.
"An interesting missionary work."-Bickersteth's C. S.
This valuable work-which the collector of American
history must secure―was drawn up from the accounts
furnished by Gottlieb Spangenburg and David Zeisburger,
forty years missionaries among the N. A. Indians. The
Delawares, Lenni-Lenape, Iroquois. Shawanese, and Hu-
rons, of Penna. and Western New York, are the principal
dramatis personce in this aboriginal drama.
Lossing, Benson J., son of a farmer, b. Feb. 12,
1813, at Beekman, Dutchess co., New York. From 1835 to
1841 he was the joint editor and proprietor of the Pough-
keepsie Telegraph; and from 1836 to 1839 he was sole
editor of the Poughkeepsie Casket, a literary paper, illus-
trated by his own pencil. In 1838 he removed to New
York City, since which time his pen, pencil, and graver
have been most industriously employed, as may be seen
by the following works: 1. Outline History of the Fine
Arts, N. York, 1840, 18mo, pp. 330, (being No. 103 of
Harper's Family Library.) 2. Seventeen Hundred and
Seventy-Six; or, the War for Independence, pp. 510, 8vo.
3. Lives of the Presidents of the United States, pp. 130,
8vo. 4. The New World, pp. 100, 8vo. 5. The Ohio
Book, pp. 100, 8vo. 6. Biographical Sketches of the
Signers of the Declaration of Independence, 1848; 1854,
pp. 382, 12mo.
In July, 1848, he started on a series of
journeys extending over nine thousand miles to collect
material for the (7.) Pictorial Field-Book of the Revolu-
tion; or, Illustrations, by Pen and Pencil, of the History,
Biography, Scenery, Relics, and Traditions of the War
of Independence. Although actually engaged upon the
work only about twenty mouths all together, as the demands
of regular business would allow, its publication was not
completed till December, 1852, 2 vols. imp. Svo, pp. 1500.
Illustrated by 1100 engravings, chiefly from the pencil of
the author. The remainder of the first edition was de-
stroyed by fire in 1853. A new and revised edition was
published in 1855, 2 vols. 8vo.
"I have found it one of the most useful books of reference in
my possession, for the period which is covered by it.”—EDWARD
EVERETT.
"Destined to find its way to every farmer's hearth and to all the
school-libraries of our country.”—H. T. TUCKERMAN: Sketch of
Amer. Lit., 1852.
"The cheapness of the work is truly remarkable; and we are
confident that the Field-Book of the Revolution will be one of the
household books of the country."-Home Journal.
Also highly commended by Washington Irving, Georgo
Bancroft, Jared Sparks, J. P. Kennedy, Millard Fillmore,
Robert Chambers, of Edinburgh, &e.
8. Pictorial History of the United States, for Schools
and Families, pp. 350, 12mo. 9. The Cenotaph; or, Brief
Memoirs of Eminent Americans, pp. 400, 12mo; new ed.,
1855, 12mo. Mr. Lossing has been engaged for several
years in collecting materials for an illustrated history of
the war of 1812-15, to be issued uniform in style with the
Field-Book of the Revolution. He is also associated with
Lyman C. Draper in the preparation of a series of works
illustrative of the History and Biography of the Western
Country, from rare and original materials which have been
collected by Mr. Draper during many years of indefatigable
research and travel.
Since the preceding was prepared for the press, this in-
dustrious author has given to the world (10.) Military
Journal of two Private Soldiers, 1758-75, with Notes and
Supp., 1855, Svo, pp. 128. 11. With Edwin Williams,
The National History of the United States, 1855, 2 vols.
r. Svo, pp. 1400: a most valuable work. 12. Great Family
Pictorial Hist. of the United States, 1857, imp. Svo, pp.
nearly 700. 13. Primary Pictorial Hist. of the United
States, 1857, 12mo, pp. 222.
"Lossing's Primary Hist. of the United States is a work prepared
with much care to serve as an introduction to the larger and very
popular School-History."-II. T. TUCKERMAN,
14. The Old Farm and the New Farm; a Political Alle-
gory, by Francis Hopkinson; with an Introduc., Notes,
and Illustrations, by B. J. L., 1857, r. 16mo, pp. 76.
Mr. Lossing, has been a great benefactor to the reading
public; and we trust that he will continue his most useful
labours.
Lothian, Andrew. Discourses, Edin., 1822, 12mo.
Lothian, Maurice. Law Practice and Styles pecu-
liar to Consistorial Actions, &c., Edin., 1830, Svo.
Lothian, William, D.D., 1740-1783, a native of
Edinburgh. Hist. of the United Provinces of the Nether-
lands, Lon., 1780, 4to; Dubl., 1789, 8vo. Two of his
serms. will be found in the Scotch Preacher, 1776, 4 vols.
12mo. See Trans. Roy. Soc., Edin., vol. i.
Lothian, Rev. William. Lects. on St. Paul's
Epistles to the Corinthians, Lon., 1827, 8vo.
Lothrop, Amy. See WARNER.
Lothrop, Samuel K. Life of Samuel Kirkland,
Missionary to the Indians in Sparks's American Bio-
graphy, 2d ser., xv. 137–368.
Lott. Naval Service, &c., Lon., 1775, '76.
-
Loud, Mrs. Marguerite St. Leon, formerly Miss
Barstow, a native of Bradford county, Pennsylvania,
was married in 1824 to Mr. Loud, of Philadelphia, where
she has since passed the principal part of her time. She
has gained considerable reputation by poetical contribu-
tions to various periodicals, See Poe's Autóbiography;
Griswold's Female Poets of America, Read's Female
Poets of America; May's American Female Poets.
Loudon, Earl of, Lord High-Chancellor of Scot-
land. Severall Speeches, 1641-46, 4to.
Loudon, Miss Agnes, only daughter of John
Claudius Loudon and Jane Webb Loudon, commenced
authorship at a very early age, her tale of The Lost Gloves
having made its appearance in Chambers's Edinburgh
Journal before the writer had numbered eleven years.
She has since contributed a number of papers to the Eng-
lish periodicals, and given to the world the two following
volumes: 1. Tales for Young People, Lon., 1847; new ed.,
sq. 2. Tales of School Life, 1849, sq.; 2d ed., 1851, sq.
Loudon, Mrs. Jane Webb, the daughter of Thomas
Webb, Esq., of Ritwell House, near Birmingham, Eng-
land, commenced her literary career in 1827 by the.pub-
lication of a novel of more than ordinary interest, entitled
The Mummy, (1827, 3 vols. 8vo;) but, after her marriago
in 1830 to Mr. John Claudius Loudon, she turned her
literary talents into the field of research so successfully
and assiduously cultivated by her husband. This gentle.
1132
LOU
LOU
man had been greatly pleased with the sagacity evinced
in some scientific predictions in The Mummy, sought an
introduction to the author, and in due time made her
Mrs. Loudon. Mrs. Loudon's publications are as follows:
1. The Lady's Flower-Garden of Ornamental Plants, Lon.,
1840-44, 5 vols. 4to. 2. Gardening for Ladies, 1840, fp.
8vo; 8th ed., 1851, 12mo.
"A perfect vale-mecum of the art in all its branches."-Lon.
Lit. Guzette.
“Ought to find its way into every cottage in the country."—Lom.
Alus.
3. The Lady's Companion to the Flower Garden, 1841,
12mo; 6th ed., 1853, 12mo. More than 20,000 copies
sold to Dec. 1856. 4. Botany for Ladies, 1842, 12mo;
1849, 12mo.
“So treated as to render the subject easily understood."-Løn.
Gardener's Gazelle.
5. Year-Book of Natural History, 1842, 16mo.
"A very delightful volume."-Chambers's Edin. Journal.
6. Entertaining Naturalist; new ed., 1843, p. 8vo;
1850, 12mo.
"Full of information.”—Lon. Lit. Gaz.
7. Glimpses of Nature, 16mo. S. First Book of Botany,
for Schools, 18mo. 9. Facts from the World of Nature,
12m c. 10. National System of Plants, fp. 8vo.
"A charming volume."-Lon. Spectator.
11. British Wild Flowers, 1846, 4to; 2d ed., 1855, 4to.
12. Amateur Gardener's Monthly Calendar. 1847, 12mo.
13. My Own Garden; or, The Young Gardener's Book,
1850, sq.
"A good idea well executed."-Lon. Spectator.
14. Young Naturalist's Journal; 2d ed., 1852, sq. 15.
Domestic Pets, 1850, fp. 8vo; 1853, fp. Svo; 1854, fp. Svo.
16. The Lady's Country Companion; new ed., 1852, 12mo.
"No lady, however well versed in the matters it treats upon, can
read it without finding much useful instruction "pleasantly con-
veyed."-Paxton's Mug, of Botany.
Mrs. Loudon edited, in 1850, The Lady's Companion at
Home and Abroad, which was discontinued after the pub-
lication of one vol., in consequence of the failure of her
health. She has also edited, since her husband's death,
several of his works, among which are the new edit. of
The Encyclopedia of Gardening, 1850, Svo; the new ed.
of the Encyc. of Cottage, Farm, and Village Architecture,
1846, Svo; and a new ed. of the Villa Gardener, 1850,
8vo. The new edit. (1855, Svo) of his Encyclopedia of
Plants, and the Second Addit. Supplement, (1840-55,)
1855, 8vo, were published (by G. Don) under her direc-
tion, assisted by David Wooster. She was a valuable
assistant to Mr. Loudon in the preparation of several of
his works, and wrote the memoir of his life and writings
prefixed to his Self-Instruction, 1845. In addition to the
works above enumerated, she has pub. a number of novels,
tales, and children's books, and edited Peter Parley's Tales
about Plants, 1839, 16mo. A notice of her Philanthropic
Economy will be found in the Westminster Review, xxiii.
1. In 1846, Mrs. Loudon was complimented by the grant
of an annual pension on the Civil List of £100 per
annum.
Loudon, John Claudius, 1783-1843, a landscape-
gardener, and one of the most useful writers of the age, a
native of Cambuslang, Lanarkshire, removed in 1803 to
England, where he resided during the rest of his life. In
1813, and again in 1819, he visited the Continent for the
purpose of extending the sphere of his professional ob-
servations. He was a man of extensive information, un-
tiring energy, and great benevolence of heart. 1. Observa-
tions on Laying out Public Squares, 1803. 2. Observs. on
Plantations, 1804, Svo. 3. On Hothouses, 1805, Svo.
4. Country Residences, 1806, 2 vols. 4to, £3 38.
"An admirable guide to the man of taste or the country gen-
tleman."-SIR H. STUART,
5. Raising the Rental of Landed Property in England,
1807, '11, 8vo, pamph. 6. Agricultural Knowledge, 1809,
pamph. 7. Farms, &c. in the Scotch Style, 1812, imp. 4to.
8. Roofing with Paper, 1811, Svo. 9. Culture of Wheat,
1812, Svo. 10. Formation of Gardens, 1812. 11. Con-
struction of Hothouses, 1817. 12. Remarks on Hothouses,
1818, 4to. 13. Curvilinear Hothouses, 1818, r. 4to. 14.
Encyclopædia of Gardening, 1822, 8vo; 1824, Svo; last
ed., edited by Mrs. J. W. Loudon, 1850, Svo, £2 10s.
"Every writer on gardening must feel infinitely obliged to Mr.
Loudon for his valuable Encyclopædia.”—Lon. Quar, Rev., No. 139,
No gardening-book so comprehensive, and containing such an
immense mass of matter, has ever been submitted to the public
more free from error of the pen or press."-Lon. Month. Rev.
See Blackw. Mag., xxxv. 691-707, xxxvi. 96, xliii. 256;
Lon. Gent. Mag., 1834, Pt. 1, 497.
15. Cultivating the Pine-Apple, 1822, 8vo. 16. Green-
House Companion, 1822 or 1823. Anon. : partly or entirely
written by Mr. L. 17. Laying out Farms, 1824, fol. 18.
| Encyclopædia of Agriculture, 1826, 8vo, £2 10s.; 5th ed..
with Supp., 1844, 8vo, £2 108.; 5th ed., repub. 1857, 8vo,
pp. 1416, £1 11s. 6d.
"One of his most useful performances.”—McCulloch's Lit. of
Polit. Econ., 1845, 218.
"One of the most scientific and justly popular works of the pre-
sent tinies."—Stewart's Planters Guide
“There can be now no longer any excuse for the farmer who is
ignorant of any branch almost of the arts and sciences."-Lon.
Month. Rev., cix. 437.
19. Encyclopædia of Plants, 1829, Sro. New ed., with
Supp., 1841, 8vo, £3 138. 6d. Supp., separate, Svo, 158.
Last ed., edited by Mrs. J. W. Loudon, assisted by George
Don and David Wooster, with second addit. Supp., £3
138. 6d. Supp., separate, 8vo, £1 18.
"The most useful and popular botanical work that has ever ap-
peared in the English language.”—Jameson's Edin. New. Phil.
Jour.
"A perfect treasure-house of information on every subject con-
nected with horticulture.”—Lom, Quor. Rev., 139.
"Of the greatest utility."-Lon. Gardener's Chronicle.
20. Hortus Britannicus, 1829, 8vo. New ed., with Supp.,
1850, 8vo, £1 118. 6d.; Supp., Svo. separate, 148.
“A classical work in the literature of gardening.”—Edwards's
Botanical Register.
21. Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Village Archi-
tecture, 1832, Svo. New ed., edited by Mrs. J. W. Loudon,
1846, Svo, £3 3ø.
"The labour that attended this work was immense, and for
several months he [Mr. Loudon] and I used to sit up the greater
part of every night, never having more than four hours' sleep, and
drinking strong coffee to keep ourselves awake."-MRS. LOUDON:
Memoir prefized to Loudon's Slf-Instruction for Young Gardeners.
See conclusion of this article.
It is pleasing to know that the sale of this work was
large and its merits warmly eulogized.
"There is hardly a question that can be asked concerning build.
ings connected with the comforts or wants of country-people that
is not well answered."-DR. LINDLEY, in the Gardener's Chronicle,
June 18, 1842.
Perhaps the best and most useful of all Mr. Loudon's works."
-MRS. LOUDON.
A mass of information that is. in our opinion, unequalled of
the kind."-Donaldson's Agricult. Biog., 1854, $8. q. v.
►►
"Indispensable to the library of all non-professional readers who
at some time of their life propose to build a cottage or country-
house."- Westminster Review.
"We believe no single work has ever effected so much good in
improving the arrangement and the external appearance of country
buildings generally as this Encyclopædia.”—Lon. Times,
"Should be on the library-table of every country gentleman; and
we should like to see a copy of it deposited in every parish in the
kingdom for general use."-Lon. Athenarum.
22. Suburban Gardener and Villa Companion, pub.
monthly, 1836-38, bd. in 1 vol. Svo.
..
The most complete work on villa gardening that has ever ap-
peared in our language.”—Lon. Quar. Jour, of Agricult., No. 40,
March, 1838.
"One of Mr. Loudon's happiest thoughts.”—Marnock's Floriculi.
Mag.. No. 15, Aug. 1837.
•
· All who delight in a garden should possess this book.”—Løn.
Spectator.
1838.
"Calculated to be extensively useful.”—Lon, Times, Sept. 12,
23. Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum, 1838, 8 vols.
Svo, £10; 2d ed., 1844, S vols. Svo, reduced to £5 58. See
No. 27. In this great work we have an account, with
engravings, (nearly 3000 plates,) of all the Trees and Shrubs
growing wild, or cultivated, in Great Britain, Native
and Foreign, Hardy and Half-Hardy.
"His great work, the Arboretum and Fruticetum, is that by
which he will be longest remembered.”—McCullock's Lit. of Polit.
Econ., 1845, 219.
"By far the most complete work on the interesting subject of
arboriculture that has hitherto appeared in this, or, as far as we
know, in any other, language.”—Lon. Quar, Jour, of Agricult.
"Complete in its kind, and must become a standard work of
reference on all subjects connected with trees.”—Lon. Quar. Rev.
"A publication of the highest value in the class to which it
belongs."-Edin. Rev., No. 140, 334.
"A work of great interest not only to the botanist and practical
cultivator, but also to the amateur and general reader.”—Lon. Lit.
Gaz.. Jan. 12, 1839.
“So useful a book on trees and shrubs is not to be found in any
language."-Lon. Athenæum.
"It contains such a mass of information on the subject of trees
as was never before collected together.”—Lon. Times.
“A most valuable mass of information.”—Dr. Lindley.
“There is not a naturalist in Europe who could have execnted
the task with any thing like the talent and judgment and accuracy
that is here displayed by Mr. Loudon.”—SIR. W. J. HOOKER.
24. Hortus Lignosis Londinensis, 1838, Svo; 1842, Sro,
78. 6d.
"To nurserymen and gardeners generally the Lignosis Londi-
vol. iii. p 139.
nensis will be found an extremely useful book.”—Floricult. Mag.,
25. The whole works on Landscape Gardening and
Landscape Architecture of the late Humphrey Repton,
with Biog. Notice and Notes by J. C. L., £1 108., 1839,
Svo; col'd, £3 68. See REPTON, HUMPHREY.
1133
LOU
LOV
"Enriched with practical notes by Mr. Loudon.”—United Service
Mag.
26. Villa-Gardener, 1839, 8vo; edited by Mrs. Loudon,
1850, Svo, 128. 27. With J. O. Westwood, Köllar's Treat.
on Insects injurious to Gardens, Forests, and Farmers;
trans. from the German, 1840, fp. 8vo. The value of
Köllar's work is well known. 28. Encyclopædia of Trees
and Shrubs, 1842, Svo, £2 108. With upwards of 2000
wood-cuts. This is an abridgment of No. 19.
"In its present form, this valuable work is placed within the
reach of thousands who could not hope to obtain it unabridged;
and we strongly recommend it to universal patronage."-DR.
Self-Instruction consists of
"A collection of plain and practical treatises, linked together by
their connection with horticultural and agricultural pursuits. . . .
To superior gardeners, foresters, land-stewards, bailiffs, and farmers,
it supplies a mass of sound instruction which can nowhere else be
found combined in the same space or given in so lucid a style."—
Britannia.
To the above list must be added the following periodi-
cals, edited and partly written by Mr. Loudon: 32. The
Gardener's Magazine, 8vo. First Series, 1826-34, 10 vols.,
£9 28. Second Series, 1835-43, 9 vols., £S 198.
"The first periodical devoted exclusively to horticulture. That
this work met the wants of a large class of readers is evident from
four thousand copies of the first number having been sold in four
days."-MRS. LOUDON.
LINDLEY: Gardener's Chronicle.
29. Suburban Horticulturist, 1842, 8vo, 168.; 1849, 8vo,
158. 30. On Laying Out and Planting Cemeteries, 1843,
8vo, 128.
All who have any interest in cemeteries should
carefully consult this work. 31. Self-Improvement for
Young Gardeners, &c.; with a Portrait, and Memoir of
the Author by Mrs. Loudon, 1845, Svo, 78. 6d.
"This work was left unfinished, though he dictated a portion of
it only a few hours before he died. He was never confined to his
bed, and died standing, only a few moments after he had expressed
to his wife his fear that he should never live to finish his Self-In-Lon.,
struction. She perceived his countenance to change as he spoke,
and she had only time to clasp her arms round him to save him
from falling, when his head sank on her shoulder, and he expired."
-MRS. LOUDON.
"To all our readers who are fond of gardening or country-affairs
we recommend this work, as one from which they will derive both
entertainment and instruction.”—Lon. Lit. Gazette.
"The Gardener's Magazine should be perused by every gardener
and by every country gentleman."-Lon. Times, Feb. 7, 1839.
33. The Magazine of Natural History, 1829-36, 9 vols.
8vo, £10. To these works the purchaser should add
+
Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History, 1837-40, 4
vols. 8vo, £5 58., where will be found original papers by
Lyell, Mantell, Westwood, Yarrell, Hope, &c. Let him
also procure the Annals of Natural History, 1838, &c.: see
HOOKER, SIR WILLIAM JACKSON, K.H., D.C.L., under No.
30. 34. The Architectural Magazine, 1834-39, 5 vols.,
£6 68.
"We strongly recommend the Architectural Magazine as preg-
nant with interest and instruction, both to the architect and the
general reader."-Lon. Times, Feb. 2, 1839.
Love, B. 1. Records of Wesleyan Life; 2d ed., Lon.,
1842, 12mo.
"Written with much ability.”—Wesleyan Method. Mag.
See also Church of Eng. Quar. Rev.; Lon. Lit. Gaz.;
Watchman.
See Lon. Gent. Mag., Feb. 1844, 206–209.
“A most zealous promoter of every art and science that can
employ the time or engage the attention of the human race."-
Donaldson's Agricult. Biog., 1854, 87-89.
Loudon, Mrs. Margracia. 1. Light of Mental
Science; an Essay, 1845, '48, 12mo.
"A work for the million. A book for mankind."-Metropolitan.
2. Maternal Love, 1849, 3 vols, p. 8vo.
"Evidently pictured from the life."-Lm. New Month. Mag.
Mrs. L. has also pub. First Love, 3 vols. p. 8vo, For-
tune-Hunting, 3 vols. p. 8vo, and other works.
Loughborough, P. S. Digest of the Statute Laws
of Kentucky. &c.
Louth. See LowтH.
Louth, W. See BATTY, BArth.
Louthian, John. Form of Process before the Ct.
Form of Process before the Ct.
of Justiciary in Scot., Edin., 1752, 8vo.
Lovat, Simon Fraser, Lord. See FORBES, RT.
HON. DUNCAN; FRASER, SIMON; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.,
1160; N. Brit. Rev., vii. 38; Fraser's Mag., xxxvi. 537;
Best. Liv. Age, xiii. 320.
2. Hand-Book of Manchester; 2d ed., 1842, 12mo.
Love, Christopher, 1618-1651, a Presbyterian di-
vine, at first opposed to Charles I., afterwards executed
for plotting against Cromwell, was the author of a number
of serms. and theolog. treatises, pub. 1645-54. His works
were pub. at Dalry, 1805, 2 vols. Svo, and his Romains,
with Life, &c. by Ward and Davies, Bungay, 1807, 12mo.
Serms. on Grace, &c., repub., 1810, 12mo.
"Thou wilt find here no new, uncouth, and unscriptural expres
sions, but plain, practical doctrine, old divinity, sound, solid, and
conscience-searching truths."-ED. CALAMY: Pref. to Love's XV.
Serms. on Grace, 1652, &c., repub. with VII. Letters, &c., 1810,
12mo.
"A plain, impressive, evangelical, and holy writer."-Bicker
steth's C. S.
"He was guilty of as much treason as the pulpit could contain."
-EARL OF CLARENDON.
1660, 4to; Athen. Oxon.; Neal's Puritans; Brook's
See Dr. Robt. Wild's Tragedy of Christopher Love,
Puritans; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Love, James, real name James Dance, d. 1774,
an actor, was the author of Pamela, a Comedy, 1742,
and other dramatic pieces; Cricket, an Heroic Poem,
1770, 4to; and Yes, They Are: What Then?-an answer
to a political satire against Sir R. Walpole, entitled Are
These Things So? See Biog. Dramat.
Love, Jeremiah. Medical treatises, Lon., 1675.
Love, John. Surveying. 1688, 1716, Svo.
Love, John. His Sufferings, &c., 1704, both 4to.
Love, John, 1695-1750, a native of Dumbarton,
Scotland, pub. Animadversions on Robert Trotter's Latin
Grammar, Edin., 1733, Svo; A Vindication of Mr. George
Buchanan, 1749, &c. See Chambers and Thomson's Biog.
Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, vol. iii.
Love, John. Cancers; Edin. Med. Ess., 1736.
Love, John. Picturesque Beauties in the County of
Devon, No. 1, Weym., 1793, 4to.
Love, John, D.D., 1757-1825, a native of Paisley,
Scotland, one of the founders of the London Missionary
Society, pub. Addresses to the People of Otaheite, 1796,
12mo, and some occasional serms.
After his death his
Otaheitan Addresses and some of his occasional serms.
were repub. in 1 vol.; also 2 vols. of Serms. and Lects.
from his MSS., 1829; a vol. of Letters, 1838; 34 Serms.
preached 1784-85, 1 vol., 1853. See Chambers and
Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, vol. v.
Love, Richard. Serm., Camb., 1642, 4to.
Love, Richard. Oratio, &c., Cantab., 1660, 4to.
Love, William. Serm., Lon., 1790, 8vo.
Lovechild, Mrs. See FENN, LADY.
Loveday. Poems, Latin and English, 1741, 12mo.
“He lived gaily, and died young.”—Nichols's Lit. Anec.
Very likely those who live gayly are very apt to do so.
Shrines; Archæol., 1770.
Loveday, John, d. 1789, aged 78. Observations on
Shrines; Archæol., 1770.
Mr. Loudon also contributed papers to the Encyclo-
pædia Britannica, and to Brande's Dictionary of Science.
His devotion to his books was so absorbing that in early
life he was in the habit for several years of sitting up two
whole nights in every week to gain time for study,-drink-1652,
ing strong tea to keep himself awake. Throughout life,
indeed, unconquerable energy triumphed over ill-health,
pecuniary embarrassment, and repeated discouragement.
"Considering the very delicate state of his health, it is astonish-
ing he should have been able to produce so many elaborate produc-
tions."-McCulloch's Lit, of Polit. Econ., 1845, 219.
"Never, perhaps, did any man possess more energy and determi-
nation than Mr. Loudon.”—Lon. Gardener's Mag.
12mo; Pt. 2, 1654, Sro. 2. Cleopatra; a Romance,
Loveday, Robert. 1. Hymen's Præludia, Lon.,
1687, fol., &c. From the French. See Lowndes's Brit.
Lib., 326. 3. Letters, 1659. '69, '73, '77, '84. 8vo.
Loveday, Samuel. The Hatred of Esau and the-
Love of Jacob Unfolded, Lon., 1650, 12mo.
Loveday, Thomas. Customs of the Manor of
Paynswicke, 1660; 1688, 4to.
Loveder, Thomas. VIII. Discourses, 1757, 8vo.
Lovelace, Francis. Speeches, both 1660, 4to.
Lovelace, Richard, 1618-1658, son of Sir William
Lovelace, of Woolwich, Kent, embraced the royal cause,
and subsequently formed a regiment for the service of the
French king, and was wounded at Dunkirk. In 1648 he
returned to England, and was imprisoned until after the
king's death. Wood tells us that when at Gloucester
Hall, Oxford, he was "accounted the most amiable and
beautiful person that eye ever beheld;" but he was a vic-
tim to the political troubles of the day, "became very
poor in body and purse, was the object of charity, went
in ragged clothes, and mostly lodged in obscure and dirty
places." He died in Gunpowder Alley, near Shoe Lane,
and was buried at the west end of St. Bride's Church.
He pub. Lucusta: Epodes, Odes, Sonnets, Songs, &c.,
Lon., 1649, sm. Svo. The Scholar, a Comedy; The Sol-
dier, a Tragedy. Posthume Poems, pub. by his brother,
D. L. Lovelace, 1659, sm. Svo. His Poems were repub.
at Chiswick, 1817-18, 2 vols. 12mo in 1 vol. Lucusta
signifies Miss Lucy Sacheverel, (Lux Casta he called her,)
..
1134
LOV
LOW
}
the lady of his love. His poems have been much admired.
See Athen. Oxon.; Cens. Lit., ix. 337, x. 290; Dibdin's
Lib. Comp., 1825, 720; Biog. Dramat.; Campbell's Spe-
cimens: Ellis's Specimens; Headley's Select Beauties of
Ancient Eng. Poet.; Miss Mitford's Recollec. of a Lit.
Life; Lon. Gent. Mag., vols. Ixi., lxii.
→
Ilis pieces, which are light and easy, had been models in their
way were their simplicity but equal to their spirit: they were
the offerings of gallantry and amusement, and, as such, are not
to be reduced to the test of serious criticism."-Headley's Select
Beauties of Anc. Eng. Poet., i., lvi., lvii.
:
"He has attempted to write a novel, or, as he himself terms it,
a romance. He has miserably failed. . . . A National Romance!
This, indeed, is the age of brass. Its blunders might certainly
entitle it to the epithet in the minds of those who believe Ireland
the land of bulls.”—Dubl. Univ. Mag., xl. 70–86, q. v.
"Faults and virtues, Richard Lovelace, as a man and as a
writer, may be taken as an impersonation of the Cavalier of the
civil wars, with much to charm the reader and still more to cap-
tivate the fair.”—Miss Milford's Recollec. of a Lit. Life.
"Among all the gay and sprightly courtiers of Charles I., none
was more distinguished than Colonel Richard Lovelace,-whether
for the exquisite beauty of his person, the elegant endowments
of his mind, or the witty and sparkling ingenuity of his conversa-
tion."-Lon. Retrosp. Rev.
3. Songs and Ballads, 1839, 12mo; 1844, fp. 8vo; 1855,
fp. 8vo. 4. Handy Andy; an Irish Tale, 1842, 8vo; 1845,
med. 8vo; 1849, 8vo; 1851, med. 8vo; 1853, 8vo; 1854,
12mo.
(6
Lovelass, Peter. Legal treatises, 1786-1812.
Loveling. Lat. and Eng. Poems, Lon., 1738, 4to.
Loveling, Benjamin. Serms., 1702-17.
Lovell. Treatises against Papists, 1685, '86.
Lovell, A. Trans. of Cyrano Bergerac's Comical Hist.
of the States and Empires of the World, of the Moon and
Sun, 1687, 2 vols. in 1, 8vo.
"His productions abound with antithetical thoughts and co-
ruscations of wit, pointed, angular, and sparkling as the frag-
ments of a broken pillar of ice when the sun shines upon it."-
Lon. Retrosp. Rev.
See GOODWIN, FRANCIS, D.D., No. 6.
Lovell, Rev. C. S. Manual of Methodism, Cin.,
12mo; new ed., 1855, 12mo, pp. 204.
Lovell, E. B. Legal treatises, Lon., 1850, &c.
Lovell, Edward, D.D. Serins., 1713, '27.
Lovell, J. E. 1. Exercises in Orthography, New
Haven. 2. School Dialogues, 12mo. 3. United States
Speaker, 12mo. 4. Young Speaker 5. Young Pupil's
First Book. 6. Do. Second Book: 7-10. Progressive
Readers, Nos. 1-4. These Readers are used in the Public
Schools of the city of New York, and in many other
schools of the United States.
Lovell, James, d. 1814, aged 76, associated with
his father, John Lovell, (post,) as teacher in the Latin
School of Boston, pub. Oratio in Funere H. Flyntii, 1760.
Some of his letters will be found in the Life of A. Lee.
Lovell, John, d. 1778, aged 70, a teacher in the
Boston (Mass.) Latin School, 1734-38, and master of the
same institution 1738-75, pub. a Funeral Oration on P.
Faneuil, 1742, several political and theolog. pamphlets, and
Nos. 2, 25, 26, and 27 in the Pictas et Gratulatio, pub. at
Cambridge, Mass., 1761, 4to, pp. 106.
Lovell, John. 1. The Provost of Bruges. 2. Look
before You Leap; a Comedy. Love's Sacrifice; a Play.
Lovell, Langford. Island of Dominica, 1818.
Lovell, Robert. Serms., Lon., 1621-25.
Lovell, Robert. 1. Pan zoologica-Mineralogia; or,
A Complete Hist. of Animals and Minerals, containing the
sum of all the authors who have written on that subject,
Oxf., 1660-61, 1665, Svo. 2. Enchiridion Botanicum; or,
A Complete Herbal, 1659, 2 vols. Svo; 1665, Svo.
Lovell, Salathiel. Charge to G. Jury, 1710.
Lovell, Thomas. A Dialogue between Custome
and Veritie, concerning the Vse and Abuse of Dauncing
and Minstrelsie, Rome, 13, 12-14; Lon., Svo, 8. a., but
licensed in 1581. Nassau Sale, Pt. 1, £10 58.
Lovell, Rt. Hon. Thomas, Lord. Of a Meteor;
Phil. Trans., 1742.
Lovell, Thomas. 1. Builder's Assistant, Lon., 1814,
12mo. 2. Auctioneer's Pocket Companion, 1816.
exist in nature, and all their peculiarities are touched with
master-hand."-Lon. Literary Gazelle.
2. Rory O'Moore; a National Romance, 1837, 3 vols. P.
8vo; new eds., 1849, 3 vols. fp. 8vo; 1856, 12mo.
"Mr. Lover has here produced his best work of fiction, which
will survive him when half the Irish sketches with which the
literary world teems are forgotten.”—Lon. Sun.
"A truly Irish, national, and characteristic story.”—Lon. Lile-
rary Gazette.
Lovell, Wm. Medical treatises, 1663-72.
Lover, Anne. The Lives of Eminent Females, Lon.,
1844, in parts.
Lover, J. Gospel Faith, Lon., 1654, 12mo.
Lover, Samuel, b. 1797, at Dublin, has distinguished
himself as a painter, poet, dramatist, musician, and novel-
ist. It is of course only as an author that we are called
upon to notice him; but those who desire to know more
of this public favourite must refer to the interesting bio-
graphical sketch pub. in the Dublin University Magazine,
Xxxvii. 100. See also a notice of Mr. Lover's Songs in
Blackwood's Mag., xli. 375. 1. Legends and Stories of
Ireland; new eds. of both series, 1847, 2 vols. fp. Svo;
1848, 2 vols. fp. 8vo; 1849, 2 vols. fp. Svo; 1855, 12mo.
"The ready retort, the mixture of cunning with apparent
simplicity, and the complete thoughtlessness combined with
shrewdness, so frequently found in Ireland, have never been
better portrayed than in these volumes."-Lon. Athenæum.
"We see the people, we hear them; they are dramatized as they
Decidedly the best story of the day,-full of frolic, genuine
fun, and exquisite touches of Irish huniour."-Dublin Monitor.
"This boy Handy will be the death of us. What is the police
about, to allow the uttering of a publication that has already
brought us to the brink of apoplexy fifty times?”—Sporting Rev.
5. £. 8. d. Treasure Trove; a Romantic Irish Tale,
1844, 8vo; 1846, med. 8vo; 1854, 12mo.
"The best production of the author of Handy Andy."-Im.
Literary Gazette.
"All Mr. Lover's wit and humour and purely natural pathos are
here brought into full play."—Lon. Month. Review.
Mr. Lover is also the author of several dramas and ope-
rettas. Among the best-known of these are Rory O'Moore,
The White Horse of the Peppers, and The Happy Man.
Of his songs, The Angels' Whisper, Rory O'More, and
Molly Bawn have perhaps the most admirers. In 1844,
he appeared before the public in a series of entertainments,
which were styled by him Irish Evenings, in which he
played his own music, told his own stories, and sung his
own songs. The mélange proved attractive to the public
and profitable to Mr. Lover, both in Great Britain and in
the United States. He arrived in America in the spring
of 1846, and entertained large and delighted audiences
from New York to New Orleans. He resumed his Irish
Evenings in 1848, after his return to England.
Poet, painter, dramatist, he has won sufficient celebrity to make
the fame of three different men, which, we trust, like the shain-
rock of his own native land, may long continue to be TRIA JUNCTA
IN UNO!"-Dubl. Univ. Mag., vol. xxxvii.
Lovett, H. W. Cause of Evil, Lon., 1811, 8vo.
Lovett, John. 1. Citizen of the World, Lon., 1793,
8vo. 2. Rental of Landed Property, 1810, Svo.
Lovett, R. Works on Electricity, Lon., 1756-74.
Lovett, Robert. Serms., Paris, 1837, Svo.
Lovibond, Edward, of Hampton, Middlesex, d.
1775. Poems, Lon.. 1785, Svo. He wrote Nos. 82, 93,
94, 132, and 134, of Edward Moore's "World." See John-
son and Chalmers's Poets, 1810.
Low, Alexander. Hist. of Scotland, from the
Earliest Period to the Middle of the Ninth Century, 1826,
Svo.
(C
Low, D. Chiropodologia: on Corns, 1785, 8vo.
Low, David, Professor of Agriculture in the Uni-
versity of Edinburgh. 1. Present State of Landed Pro-
perty, Edin., 1823, 8vo. 2. Elements of Practical Agri-
culture, 1834, Svo; 5th ed., Lon., 1847, Svo.
"No work on agriculture has appeared in our time which will
bear a comparison with this excellent work of Professor Low."-
Jameson's Philosophical Journal.
"Will continue to be a standard book on the subject of general
agriculture.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog., 1854, 128.
"A work of high. and, we believe, well-deserved, reputation."-
McCulloch's Lit. of Polit. Econ.. 1845, 220.
3. The Breeds of the Domestic Animals of Great Britain;
56 plates of the Horse, Ox, Sheep, and Hog, atlas 4to,
£16 16s.
M
"Abounding with valuable information, and illustrated with
great taste and skill."-Lon. M. Post.
See also the Mark Lane Express, and Bell's Life in
London.
"Its merit is acknowledged."—Donaldsm's Agricult. Biog., 128,
4. An Inquiry into the Nature of Simple Bodies in
Chemistry, 1844, Svo; 1848, Svo; 1856, Svo.
"It is a long time since we read a work more deserving of pe
rusal, and we hope that every chemist will hasten to possess himself
of a copy.... An able, intelligent, and most agreeable book."—
Lon. Chemist.
5. On Landed Property, and the Economy of Estates,
1844, 8vo.
"Conveys much valuable information, which is applicable to
most cases of occurrence.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog., 128.
"This valuable work is especially one for the perusal and
guidance of land-owners and land-agents."-Lon. Gardener's
Chronicle.
46 'The treatise on the cultivation of trees will be found very ex-
tensively useful.”—Dublin Warder. ·
6. On the Domestic Animals of Great Britain, 1846, 8vo.
1135
LOW
LOW
1
"Professor Low's work treats fully of every branch of the sub-
ject of cattle-breeding which can be of service to the farmer.
We cannot too strongly recommend his work as a treatise and
vade-mecum to every cultivator of British land.”—Lon. Lit.
Gazette.
7. Appeal as to the Condition of the Industrious Classes,
1850, Svo. The value of works of this character can
hardly be overestimated.
“Mr. Low writes very practically, clearly, and sensibly. His
name is deservedly popular.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog., 128.
Low, George, 1746-1795, a Scotch divine. Fauna
Orcadensis, Edin.. 1813. 4to. See advertisement prefixed
to this work by Dr. W. E. Leach.
Low, James, M.D., 1781-1822, a native of Albany,
New York, pub. an Inaugural Dissertation, De Tetano,
1807, and contributed to the Medical Register, to Hooper's
Vade-Mecum, and to Bell on the Venereal Disease. See
Thacher's Amer. Med. Biog.
Low, Sampson, an eminent London publisher. 1.
The British Catalogue of Books, published from Oct. 1837
to Dec. 1852, Lon., 1853, r. 8vo. Continued by yearly sup-
plements. All who are in any way interested in books
have much reason to be grateful for the assistance afforded
To ourselves they
by Mr. Low's excellent catalogues.
have been of great service in the preparation of this
volume. 2. Comparative Register of the Election, 1837-41,
and 1841-47, pub. 1841-47.
|
Low, Sampson, Jr. The Charities of London:
Comprehending the Benevolent, Educational, and Religious
Institutions in and near London; Their Origin and De-
sign, Past and Present Position, Lon., 1850, fp. 8vo, pp.
474. Dedicated by Special Permission to His Royal High-
ness Prince Albert.
Lowber, John C., and C. S. Miller. Digest of
the Ordinances of the Corporation of the City of Phila-
delphia, and of the Acts of Assembly relating thereto,
Phila., 1822, 8vo.
Lowde, James. Nature of Man, Lon., 1811, Svo.
Lowdell, Stephen. Papers in Mem. Med., 1782,
The authorities thus followed are Sir Wm. Young's W.
India Commonplace-Book, 1807, 4to, and A Letter, 1807,
Svo, and Thoughts, 1807, 8vo, by Charles Bosanquet,-all
three of which are reviewed in the article from which we
"We have before us an unobtrusive yet as significant a volume
as ever issued from the press. It gives in the smallest possible
compass an account of all the known charities of London. The
writer has performed a laborious task carefully and well."-Lon.
Times, Sept. 7, 1850.
have just quoted. 2. The Present State of England in
Regard to Agriculture, Trade, and Finance, 1822, 8vo.
Commended as "a valuable and interesting work."
Lowe, Peter, 1612, a Scotch surgeon.
See BOND, L. MONTGOMERY.
1. The
Low, Samuel, b. 1765, pub. 2 vols. of poems, New Whole Covrse of Chirurgerie, Lon., 1596, '97, 1612, '34,
York, 1800. See Duyckinck's Cyc. of Amer. Lit.
'54, 4to.
Low, William. The Absolute Unlawfulness of
Stage-Entertainments, Lon., 1726, Svo.
Low. See Lowe.
"This is considered to be a book of very great merit, and was
translated into a variety of languages, and printed in Fr., 1612;
Port., 1614; Gunz., 1634; Port., 1657.”—Dr. Watt's Bibl. Brit.
2. Methode to Cure and Prevent the Spanish Sickness,
&c., Lon., 1596, 4to.
Lowe, Richard.
Nelson, 1506.
Verses on the Death of Lord
'92.
Casas, O'Meara, &c.; Alison's Hist. of Europe, 1789-
1815 biographical notice of Sir Hudson Lowe in Lon.
Gent. Mag., 1844, Pt. 1, 320; Blackw. Mag., xiv. 172;
title "Napoleon" in Poole's Index to Periodical Litera-
ture, (N. York, 1853, Svo,) 332–334.
Lowe, John. Serm., Huddersf., 1792, 4to.
Lowe, John, 1750-1798? a native of Kenmore, Gal-
loway, Scotland, the son of a gardener, emigrated to Ame-
rien in 1773, took orders in the Episcopal Church, married
unhappily in Virginia, and died in poverty near Frede-
ricksburg in that State. He was the author of a number
of poetical pieces, (pub. in Cromek's Remains,) of which
one-Mary's Dream-acquired great and deserved cele-
brity. A memoir of this unfortunate bard, by the Rev.
Mr. Gillespie, minister of Kelso, and brother of his early
patron, the Rev. John Gillespie, minister of Kells, will
be found in Cromek's Remains. See also Chambers and
Thomson's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen, 1855, vol.
iii.; Bost. Liv. Age, xliii. 458, xliv. 66.
Lowe, John, Jr. 1. Trading to Guinea, Lon.,
2. Poems, Manches., 1803, Svo.
1790, 4to.
|
Lowe, John. Serms., Lon., 1795, 1801, '02, '04.
Lowe,
John. Profits, Discounts, &c., 1816, 8vo.
Lowe, Joseph. 1. An Inquiry into the State of the
British W. I. Islands, Lon., 1807, Svo.
"Mr. Lowe's tract is one of considerable merit as a useful com.
pendium of the statements which others had previously advanced.
Professing to investigate the subject himself, he follows the
statements and adopts the opinions of the others exclusively and
implicitly."-Edin. Rev., xi. 145, 150, q. v.
Lowe, Alexander. Agricult. of Berwick, 1794, 4to.
"Of very great merit, as has ever been acknowledged. . . . Mr.
Lowe was a person of noted talent.”—Donaldson's Agricult. Biog,
1854, 76.
Lowe, Edward. Performance of Cathedral Service,
Oxf., 1664, Svo. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1163.
Lowe, F. See SMYTH, LIEUT. W.
Lowe, Miss Helen, daughter of the Rev. Thomas
Hill Lowe, D.D., Dean of Exeter. 1. Poems, chiefly Dra-
matic, edited by Dean Lowe, Lon., 1840, 12mo.
"The command of language, the familiarity with Greek mytho-
logy and literature, the pregnant thought, the absolute trick and
accent of Milton, (the youthful Milton,) make Miss Lowe's Cephalus
and Procris quite a curiosity. Her imitation of Samson Agonistes
in Joan of Arc in prison is not. as might be conjectured, as happy |
as that of Comus in her Cephalus and Procris. Deficiunt vires."-
HARTLEY N. COLERIDGE: Modern English Poetesses, in Lon. Quar.
Rev., Ixvi. 400–401.
2. Prophecy of Balaam, and other Poems, 1841, 12mo.
3. Zareefa, and other Poems, 12mo.
Lowe, Lieut.-General Sir Hudson, K.C.B.,
G.C.M.G., 1769–1844, a distinguished officer in the Eng-
lish army, in 1815 was appointed to have the custody of
the Emperor Napoleon at St. Helena, and continued in
this charge until the death of the former. The Letters
and Journals of the late Sir Hudson Lowe, with a Full
Account of Napoleon at St. Helena, edited and arranged
by Wm. Forsyth Harris, Lon., 1853, 3 vols. 8vo. Sir N.
Harris Nicolas, who undertook the editorship of these
papers, died in 1848.
·
Justice will at last be rendered to the fairness and generosity
of this country, to the conscientious minister who presided over
the War Department during the whole of the period, and to the
memory-alas that it can only be his memory!-of one of the most
able, zealous. and humane public servants that ever fell a sacrifice
to slander and cowardice.” -Art. on Count Montholon and Sir
Hudson Lowe, in Lon. Quar. Rev., lxxxii. 483-501, March, 1848, q. v.
See the various lives of Napoleon; Récits de la Cap-
tivité de l'Empereur Napoléon à Sainte Hélène, par M.
Je Général Moutholon, Paris, 1847, 2 vols. 8vo, (in Eng-
lish, Lon., 1846-47, 4 vols. Svo;) the narrations of Las,
Lowe, Robert. General View of the Agricult. of
Nottingham, Lon., 1798, 8vo.
"The last part of the book is filled with matter hardly relevant
or belonging to agricultural information.”—Donaldson's Agricult.
Bing.
Lowe, Solomon, pub. two theolog. treatises and
works on Grammar, Reading, Writing, Mnemonics, and
Education, Lon., 1716-55.
1.
Lowe, Thomas Hill, D.D., Dean of Exeter.
Serms. Preached in Exeter Cathedral, Lon., 1841, 8vo.
2. A Few Thoughts on the Interior Arrangement of
Churches, Exeter, 1842, Svo.
Lowell, Mrs. Anna C., a native of Boston, Mass.
1. Theory of Teaching, 1841. 2. Edwards's First Lessons
in Grammar, 1843. 3. Gleanings from the Poets for
Home and School, 1843.
"Admirably fitted to serve the use for which it is intended."-
Arthur's Homie Gazette.
4. Edwards's First Lessons in Geometry, 1844. 5. Olym-
pic Games, 1845. 6. Outlines of Astronomy; or, The World
as it Appears, 1850. 7. Letters to Madame Pulksky, by
an American Lady, 1852. 8. Thoughts on the Education
of Girls, Bost., 1853, 18mo. Highly commended.
9. Seed-Grain for Thought and Discussion; a Compila-
tion, 1856, 2 vols. 16mo.
"For a book of reference and refreshment, we know not half a
dozen books one-half as nourishing.”—PROF. F. D. HUNTINGTON, D.D.
"A book that is worth more of any one's money, or of any one's
trouble to get it, keep it, and study it, than any thing which has
been published since we can remember, is just now under our de-
lighted eye and pencil."-N. P. WILLIS.
son
Lowell, Charles, D.D., a of Judge John
Lowell, and father of James Russell Lowell the poet, born
in Boston, August 15, 1782, graduated at Harvard College,
1800, matriculated at the University of Edinburgh, and
studied Divinity under Hunter and Moral Philosophy
under Dugald Stewart, 1802, was ordained over West
Church in Boston, 1806, Jan. 1. Has been a fellow of the
Corporation and Board of Overseers of Harvard College,
a member of several literary societies in the United States
and Europe. Author of about twenty published Dis-
courses, chiefly on public occasions; of a volume of Occa-
sional Sermons, 1856, and a volume of Practical Sermons,
1136
LOW
LOW
1856; of Meditations for the Afflicted, Sick, and Dying;
Devotional Exercises for Communicants,-i.e. of four
volumes, and has contributed to periodicals.
Lowell, J. A Review of Hay's Treat. on Expatria-
tion, Bost., 1814, 8vo.
Lowell, James Russell, b. Feb. 22, 1819, at Cam-
bridge, Massachusetts, graduated at Harvard College,
1838, is a son of the Rev. Charles Lowell, D.D., pastor
of the West Church, Boston, and a descendant of Percival
Lowell, who emigrated from Bristol, England, settled in
Newbury, Massachusetts in 1639, and died there in 1665.
On leaving college, the subject of our notice determined
to embrace the profession of the law, and after the usual
preliminary studies was admitted to the Bar; but the love
of letters proved itself to be too deeply rooted in the heart
of the young attorney to be summarily banished, and, as
the Law is proverbially a "jealous mistress," the engage-
ment, perhaps rather hastily made, was as hastily sun-
dered, and poetical lucubrations succeeded to prosaic
briefs. In 1855, Mr. Lowell succeeded Mr. Longfellow the
poet in
the Belles-Lettres Professorship in Harvard
College, and entered upon the duties of this responsible
position after spending some months in Europe. See
LOWELL, MRS. MARIA WHITE. His publications have
been as follows:
1. A POEM RECITED AT CAMBRIDGE, Camb., 1839. 2. A
YEAR'S LIFE, Bost., 1841, lómo, pp. viii. 182. This is a
volume of poems.
<
"Mr. Lowell has more of the 'vision' than the 'faculty divine.'
He has the eye and mind of a poet, but wants the plastic touch
which turns to shape the forms of things unknown.' His concep-
tions are superior to his power of execution. We are reminded, in
reading his poetry, of the observation of a judicious critic in a
sister-art, that the picture would have been better painted if the
painter had taken more pains. In this volume there is much of
the ore of poetry, but little of it in its purified and polished state.
We have found in it much, certainly, that is striking and beautiful.
The author has seen for himself, and not transcribed the impres-
sions made on other minds. .. His imagination is vivid, and his
fancy fruitful in fine images. We are pleased, too, with his
purity and elevation of feeling. Morally speaking, there is not a
Îine which, dying, he could wish to blot. . . . In all that belongs
to the form and garb of verse there is room for great improve
ment. . . . There is a good deal, too, of that cloudy and misty
phraseology which is so fashionable now in prose and verse, which
tantalizes us with glimmerings of meaning but does not satisfy us
with full revelations of it. . . . Another conspicuous fault of Mr.
Lowell's poetry is the perpetual presence of daintiness and pretti-
nesses of expression. His thoughts are overdressed. . . We have
been led to speak thus plainly of Mr. Lowell's defects solely on
account of the promise which his volume displays."-George S.
HILLARD: N. Amer. Rev., lii. 454, 455, 464, 465.
...
·
"I am very glad to hear that James Lowell's work succeeds. . . .
The specimen of the work you give-the prelude to it, if I remem-
ber right-struck me as very chaste and very beautiful. It had the
freshness of a mind that drew from its own sources. I am tired,
as well as yourself, of the endless imitations by American poets of
the forms, and figures, and topics of British poetry."-JUDGE Joseph
STORY: Letter to Wm. W. Story, Washington, Feb. 9, 1841, in Story's
Life and Letters, ii. 366.
See also Bost. Chris. Exam., xxx. 131.
3. POEMS, Camb., Mass., 1844, 12mo, pp. 279; Lon.,
1844, fp. Svo. This Second Series contains A Legend of
Brittany, Prometheus, Miscellaneous Poems, and Son-
nets.
•
"We recognise in his later productions a firmer intellect, a wider
range of thought, a bolder tone of expression, and a versification
greatly improved. We feel that he is now becoming master of his
fine powers, and an artist in the execution of his conceptions.
Mr. Lowell's poems want compression. In the words of Taylor,
the whey needs pressing out. Redundancy, both of thought and
expression, is the principal fault which we think the critical reader
will be disposed to find with them. . . . Of Mr. Lowell's poetical
style in general the present volume has given us a high opinion.
Not that it is by any means free from defects; but it has the cle-
ments of a clear, vigorous, and pure form of expression. It shows
the marks of a profound study of the English language in the
best authors."-PROF. C. C. FELTON: N. Amer. Rev., lviii. 286, 288,
289.
"The Legend of Brittany is decidedly the noblest poem of the
same length written by an American."-Edgar A. Poe's Literati:
James Russell Lowell.
4. CONVERSATIONS ON SOME OF THE OLD POETS, 1845,
12mo; two Amer. edits., and pub. in Lon., 1845, fp. Svo.
Reviewed by C. T. Brooks, in the Bost. Chris. Exam.,
xxxviii. 211. After reading the Conversations, the stu-
dent of English literature should not fail to peruse Mr.
Lowell's Essays on the English Song-Writers, pub. in The
Pioneer, a Literary and Critical Magazine, (conducted by
Mr. Lowell and Mr. Robert Carter, issued at Boston,
January, February, and March, 1843, all that appeared.)
"Among the very best of his writings. .. They show a deep
appreciation of the poetical merit of those authors, and a fineness
of critical tact quite unusual in the literature of the magazines."
-Prof. C. C. FELTON: N. Amer. Rev., Iviii. 283.
•••
the poems in this Third Series (it has been incorrectly
termed the Second Series) are The Present Crisis, The
Summer Storin, Above and Below, Extreme Unction, To a
Pine-Tree, The Birch-Tree, The Changeling, To the Dande-
lion, and An Indian Summer Reverie. Lowell's Complete
Poetical Works, revised, with addits., were pub. at Bost.,
1850, 2 vols. 16mo, (3 edits.;) and 2 edits., with an In-
troduction by A. R. Scoble, have appeared in London,
1852, 18mo; 1853, 18mo.
¦
!
1
"The successive publications of Mr. Lowell show a marked
progress, and encourage us to hope for a rich harvest when the
soil shall be cultivated to the utmost and the fruit has been
allowed to reach its full maturity. . . . He will not complain of
us for thinking that he has not yet attained his perfect stature,
and that even his latest productions fall quite short of what he is
The swift movement of Mr. Lowell'a
able to accomplish.
verses, and the daring energy of his conceptions, show that his
genius inclines to the lyric form of poetry. He is master, indeed,
of all the chords of the lyre, and strikes them with a bold, im
perious hand, till they ring out in loud but harmonious concert.
•
. . The descriptive power shown in many of these poems is ono
of their most striking merits. The poet's eye catches even the
most minute tracery of nature's works and the most rapidly
fleeting of her aspects, and depicts them in verse with startling
distinctness.... We have quoted enough to show that Mr. Lowell
possesses extraordinary powers as a poet, and has arrived at the
free and vigorous use of them,--his finished work no longer falling
behind his fresh and beautiful conceptions. . . . Many of the pieces
in this volume will support as high a reputation as belongs to some
of the most honourable names on the roll of English poets.".
PROF. FRANCIS BOWEN: N. Amer. Rev., lxvi. 471, 472, 475, 478, 482.
6. THE VISION OF SIR LAUNFAL, Bost., 1848, 12mo; 1855,
16mo. See Brownson's Quar. Rev., 2d Ser., iii. 265;
Method. Quar. Rev., x. 107, (by R. C. Pitman.)
7. A FABLE FOR CRITICS, N. York, 1848, pp. 78, 12mo;
5th ed., Bost., 1856, 12mo, pp. v. S0.
"The Fable is essentially loose,' ill conceived, and feebly exe-
cuted, as well in detail as in general. Some good hits, and some
sparkling witticisnis, do not serve to compensate for its rambling
plot, (if plot it can be called,) and for the want of artistic finish
so particularly noticeable throughout the work, especially in its
versification. In Mr. Lowell's prose efforts we have before ob-
served a certain disjointedness, but never, until now, in his verse;
and we confess some surprise at his putting forth so unpolished a
performance. . . . To show the general manner of the Fable, we
quote a portion of what he says about Mr. Poe.”~Edgar A. Poe's
Literati: Jumes Russell Lowell.
The Fable-which, by-the-way, is no fable at all-is really a
very pleasant and sparkling poem, abounding in flashes of brilliant
satire, edged with wit enough to delight even its victims. . . . His
Fable is simply a very witty review-article done into rhyme.
Most American writers of the present day who have any claim to
notice, and some who have not, are summoned before him, to have
their portraits taken, and then dismissed, usually with a sharp rap
or two on the knuckles. The sketches are drawn in a very freo
and bold manner, though they have the usual defect of carica-
tures. that the most prominent and peculiar feature is brought out
in high relief and maliciously magnified, so that the likeness is
instantly recognised, though the reniainder of the face is left out alto-
gether, or so drawn as to hear no resemblance to the original.
Another and frequent fault of our bard as a critic is that he often
gives us the features of the man in place of a character of the
author, and, as a natural consequence, mixes up so much of per-
sonal liking or aversion with his drawings that they lose all claim
to fidelity."-PROF. FRANCIS BOWEN: N. Amer. Rev., Ixviii, 192, 194.
"It abounds in ingenious turns of expression and felicitous
sketches of character: it is witty and humorous, and, for the
most part, in a spirit of genial appreciation; but, in a few instances,
the judgments indicate too narrow a range of sympathies, and the
caustic severity of others has been attributed to desires of retalia-
tion."-R. W. GRISWOLD: Poets and Poetry of America, 16th ed.,
1855, 565.
-
C
"He has the rare faculty of writing clerer dogger l. Take out the
best of Ingoldsby, Campbell's rare piece of fun. The Friars of Dijon,
and perhaps a little of Walsh's Arist phanes, and there is no con-
temporary verse of the class with which Lowell's may not fear-
lessly stand comparison: for, observe, we are not speaking of
mock heroics like Bon Gaultier's, which are only a species of
parody, but of real doggerel, the Rabelaisque of poetry. . . . The
Fable is a sort of review, in verse, of American poets. Much of
the Boston leaven runs through it: the wise men of the East' are
all glorified intensely, while Bryant and Halleck are studiously
depreciated."-Fraser's Mag., July, 1850; and in The N. York In-
ternat. Mag.. August 5, 1850.
"Beneath its unpretending drab colour lies hid a world of
political satire, keen, subtle humour, and manly, vigorous senti-
ment, interspersed with touches of genuine pathos.”— Knicker-
bocker Mag.
XX
Showing the power of a master in verse, the heart of a true
man, the learning of a scholar, the mind of a philosopher, and the
wit of a satirist without the gall which too often accompanies it."
—Holden's Mag.
S. THE BIGLOW PAPERS, edited, with an Introduction,
Notes, Glossary, and Copious Index, by Homer Wilbur,
A.M., Pastor of the First Church in Jaalam, and (Pros-
pective) Member of many Literary, Learned, and Scientific
Societies, Camb., Mass., 1848, pp. 163; 3d ed., 1856, 16mo,
pp. 208. This is a political satire upon the Invasion of
Mexico by the United States, the State of the Slavery
Question, &c. Biglow's verses first appeared in the news-
5. PоES, Camb., Mass., 1848, 12mo, pp. 184. Among papers of the day:
72
1137
LOW
LOW
"They were received with merited favour, from their droll and
felicitous portraiture of the Yankee character and dialect, and
their successful hits at our national passion for military glory:
Political opponents, as well as friends, laughed loud and long at
the Birdofredom Swain's Letters, describing his experience in the
wars, and the mishaps that he encountered before he could make
his way home again. We must quote a portion of his first letter
from Mexico, though the phraseology may appear abstruse to some
of our readers who are not familiar with New England forms of
speech.... This is very fair fun. The rhymes are as startling and
felicitous as any in Hudibras, and the quaint drollery of the illustra-
tions is in admirable keeping with the whole character of the forlorn
recruit from Massachusetts. Of the almost numberless imitations
of the Yankee dialect this is decidedly the best that we have seen.
Sam Slick is a mere pretender in comparison. [See HALIBURTON,
JUDGE THOMAS C., p. 760.]. . . We cannot say much for the copious
prose commentary, the prefatory and illustrative matter, in which
the Biglow rhymes in this edition are embedded. Most of Parson
Wilbur's lengthy annotations are as heady as his own sermons,
from which, indeed, a large part of them profess to have been bor-
rowed.”—PROF. FRANCIS BOWEN: N. Amer. Rev., lxviii. 187, 188,
190.
"Mr. Lowell has shown that he is a wit and humorist, in the
publication of his Biglow Papers. He is the only American who
has attempted to laugh down the oppressors of the slave, the
propagandists of slavery. Some of the Biglow poems are capital
specimens of Yankee wit and humour."-Bartlett's Modern "Agi-
tats, N. York, 1855, 310.
"His Biglow Papers abound in sly strokes of mirth that would
make a stoic shake his sides with laughter. He is the Hudibras
of America; and woe betide the unfortunate wight at whom he
pokes his fun! for, while it is sport to him, it is death to the subject
of his sarcasm.”—Bungay's Off-Hand Tukings; Crayon Sketches
of the Noticeable Min of our Age, 1854, 396.
"He is the first of our poets who has succeeded in making our
harsh and uncouth Yankee dialect subservient to the uses of
poetry: this he has done with entire success in that admirable
piece of humorous satire. The Biglow Papers. No productions of
a similar character in this country were ever half so popular as
the pithy verses of Hosea Biglow, in spite of their being so strongly
imbued with a trenchant spirit of opposition to the popular political
views of the multitude."-Homes of American Authors: James
Russell Lowell, 1853, 362, 363.
Another notice of the Biglow Papers (by D. March)
occurs in the New Englander, vii. 63. See also Reviews
of Mr. Lowell's Poems in The South. Lit. Mess., vii. 383;
Brownson's Quar. Rev., 2d Ser., iv. 271; Bost. Chris.
Exam., xxxvi. 173, xliv. 309, (by W. A. Davies;) Demo-
crat. Rev., xiii. 147; Bost. Liv. Age, iii. 161, (from the
Lon. Inquirer.) An interesting biographical sketch of
Mr. Lowell will be found in The Homes of American
Authors, from which article we have already quoted a
few lines, and will gratify the reader with a few more:
The critic in Fraser's Magazine for July, 1850, is an
enthusiastic admirer both of the Fable for Critics (as we
have seen) and of the Biglow Papers:
"Within the last three years there has arisen in the United
States a satirist of genuine excellence, who, however, besides but
moderately appreciated by his countrymen, seems himself in a
great measure to have mistaken his real forte.”
That is, he would have Mr. Lowell to renounce all senti-
That is, he would have Mr. Lowell to renounce all senti-
mental and imaginative poetry, and henceforth confine
himself to laughing at the follies and ridiculing the foibles
of his fellow-men.
"Lowell is generally looked upon as a serious poet; and, indeed,
no one has a better claim to be so regarded, for seriousness is one
of the first essentials of all genuine poetry. But seriousness is not
necessarily sadness. Much of his poetry overflows with mirthful
and jocund feelings, and in his most pungent satire there is a con-
stant bubbling up of a genial and loving nature: the brilliant
flashes of his wit are softened by an evident gentleness of motive.
...Lowell's prose-writings are as remarkable as his poetry: the
copiousness of his illustrations, the richness of his imagery, the
easy flow of his sentences, the keenness of his wit, and the force
and clearness of his reasoning, give to his reviews and essays a
fascinating charm that would place him in the front rank of our
prose-writers, if he did not occupy a similar position aniong' our
poets."-362, 365.
the assertion that the "American poet Lowell's powers of
thought and expression will surely be recognised for ages
to come;" and a highly-eulogistic review of his poetical
writings (ed. Lon., 1853, 18mo) will be found in the Irish
Quarterly Review for September, 1855; and see also Lon.
Athen., 1853, 315.
His reviews and essays have appeared in the North
American Review, Southern Literary Messenger, Knicker-
bocker, Democratic Review, Graham's Magazine, Putnam's
Magazine, Boston Miscellany, and the National Anti-
Slavery Standard. Nor should we omit to notice his edits.
of the poems of Marvell, Donne, Keats, Wordsworth, and
Shelley, pub. in Messrs. Little, Brown & Co.'s series of the
British Poets.
Since the above was written, Mr. Lowell was married
(in 1857) to Miss Frances Dunlap, niece of Ex-Governor
Dunlap, of Portland, Maine.
Lowell, John, d. 1767, aged 63, minister of New.
buryport, Massachusetts, and great-grandfather of the
preceding, pub. a Serm. at the ordination of T. Barnard,
1738; a Serm. before Col. Titcomb and his soldiers, 1755;
a Serm. on the death of Col. Moses Titcomb, who fell near
Lake George, 1760. See Tucker's Funeral Serms. ; Allen's
Amer. Biog. Dict.; Sprague's Annals.
Lowell, Judge John, LL.D., 1743-1802, a nativo
of Newburyport, Mass., son of the preceding, and grand-
father of James Russell Lowell the poet, was the author of
an English poem (No. 3) in the Pietas et Gratulatio, 1761,
4to, and of an Eulogy (Jan. 1791) on James Bowdoin, pre-
fixed to vol. ii. of the Memoirs of the Amer. Acad. of Arts
and Sciences, and also pub. in a separate form.
He was a
member of the Convention which framed the Constitution
of Massachusetts, and introduced the clause in the Bill
of Rights which effected the abolition of slavery in Mas-
sachusetts. He was appointed by Washington the first
Judge of the U. States District Court, and at his death
was Chief-Justice of the Circuit Court of the U. States.
His letters to John Adams, and letters from Samuel and
John Adams to him, are now in course of publication in
the Historical Magazine, pub. in Boston: see vol. i. No.
9, &c.
"The memory of Judge Lowell, I am confident, is respectfully
cherished by many persons whom I have now the honour to ad-
dress. He was among those who enjoyed the public trust and
confidence in the times which tried men's souls, and bore his part
in the greatest work recorded in the annals of constitutional
liberty, the American Revolution."-HON. EDWARD EVERETT: John
Lowell, Jun., Founder of the Lowell Institute: Everett's Orations
and Speeches, 1853, ii. 384.
Lowell, John, LL.D., 1769-1840, son of the pre-
ceding, uncle of James Russell Lowell the poet, and of
John Lowell, the founder of the Lowell Institute, (Boston,
1839,) was the author of many pamphlets and numerous
papers in periodicals on politics, theology, agriculture,
&c., under the signatures of The Roxbury Farmer, The
Rebel, &c. He was a zealous and powerful advocate of
Yankee Farmer, The New England Farmer, The Boston
the doctrines of the Federal School. See Dr. F. W. P.
Greenwood's Serm. on the Death of John Lowell, LL.D.,
March 22, 1840, Bost., 1840, Svo, pp. 36; a review of this
Sermon in N. Amer. Rev., li. 243-248; Rich's Bibl. Amer.
The
article last referred to is a review of the well-known
pamphlet on "Mr. Madison's War," Bost., 1812.
Nova, ii. 61, 68; Lon. Quar. Rev., viii. 193-214.
"We consider his pamphlet as a production of no ordinary cast:
it is evidently the offspring of a powerful mind accustomed to
think deeply and reason soundly."-Ubi supra.
The reviewer of Dr. Greenwood's Sermon on the death
of Mr. Lowell remarks:
"Rarely is so beautiful a tribute paid to departed worth. Most
rarely does distinguished worth appear such as to justify such a
tribute."-N. Amer. Rev.. li. 247.
“Mr. Lowell entered with earnestness into the discussion of these
questions in the public journals, and after the decease of Mr. Ames,
in 1808, possessed a greater ascendency than any other person in
New England over the minds of those who were opposed to the
national administration. He was, however, as a political writer,
not more intrepid and uncompromising than he was fair and
honourable."-HON. EDWARD EVERETT: John Lowell, Jun.. Founder
of the Lowell Institute: Everett's Orations and Speeches, 1853, i
419, n.
Lowell, John, of the Suffolk Bar, editor of the Law
Reporter, pub. at Boston, Mass., and author of legal
trentises, &c.
Lowell, Maria White, 1821-1853, formerly Miss
White, of Watertown, Massachusetts, the author of
many excellent translations from the German and of
original poems of more than ordinary merit, was married
in 1844 to James Russell Lowell the poet. The death of
effusions of modern days,-Longfellow's Two Angels, pub
this accomplished woman elicited one of the most exquisite
One of the most accomplished of American critics re-
marks that Lowell
"Unites, in his most effective power, the dreamy, suggestive
character of the transcendental bards with the philosophic sim-lished in Putnam's Magazine, (New York,) April, 1854:
plicity of Wordsworth. He has written clever satires, good son-
nets, and some long poems with fine descriptive passages. He
reminds us often of Tennyson in the sentiment and the construc-
tion of his verse. Imagination and philanthropy are the dominant
elements in his writings,-some of which are marked by a graceful
flow and earnest tone, and many unite with these attractions that
of high finish.”—H. T. TUCKERMAN: Sketch of Amer. Lil., 1852.
Nor has Mr. Lowell failed of commendation abroad.
The Italian correspondent of the London Critic ventures
1138
"Twas at thy door, O friend. and not at mine,
The angel with the amaranthine wreath,
Pansing, descended, and, with voice divine,
Whisper'd a word that had a sound like death.
"Then fell upon the house a sudden gloom,
A shadow on those features fair and thin,
And softly. from that hush'd and darken'd room,
Two angels issued, where but one went in.”
LOW
LOW
The theme-alas-is a common one, and will be com-
mon, so long as genius mourns for the gifted dead and
sympathizes with the living; but we doubt whether in
the whole range of English exequial poetry there can be
found any thing more beautiful than Longfellow's lament
for Maria Lowell.
Mrs. Lowell's eminent merits had elicited ardent culo-
giums during her lifetime:
"In 1844, she was married to James Russell Lowell, and for her
genius, taste, and many admirable qualities, she is worthy to be
the wife of that fine poet and true-hearted man. She has pub-
lished several elegant translations from the German, and a large
number of original poems of the imagination, some of which illus-
trate questions of morals and humanity."-R. W. GRISWOLD:
The Female Poets of America, 2d ed., 1853, 389.
"There is great tenderness of feeling and simplicity in all the
productions of her pen, and her household lyrics are full of pathos
and beauty."-MRS. S. J. HALE: Woman's Record, 1853. 832.
"Her poetry, of which she has published but too little, is re-
markable for pure beauty of thought, clothed in the richest yet
simplest mantle of expression."-T. BUCHANAN READ: The Female
Poets of America, 6th ed., 1855, 374.
In the three works from which we have quoted will be
found specimens of Mrs. Lowell's poetry.
Lowell, Robert.
A Compleat Herbal, 1659, '65,
12mo.
Lowell, Samuel, a Dissenting minister at Bristol,
England. 1. Two Serms., Lon., 1791, Svo. 2. XVI. Serms.,
Bristol, 1801, 8vo. Very rare.
"The doctrines which they inculcate are sound and scriptural,
and they contain much solid and valuable instruction.”—Lom.
Chris. Observer.
3. Serm., Lon., 1802, 8vo. 4. Serm., 1802, 8vo.
Serm., 1813, 8vo.
5.
Lower, Mark Antony, an eminent antiquary, now
living, (1857.) 1. English Surnames and Family Nomen-
clature, Lon., 1842, p. Svo, pp. 240; 1843, p. 8vo; 3d ed.,
enlarged, 1849, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 1851, 2 vols. p. Svo.
"An instructive and amusing volume, which ought to be
popular."-Lon. Archeologist. 1842, vol. ii. 149.
See a notice of this work, and publications of a similar
character, and a valuable paper on the subject, in Edin.
Rev., April, 1855. Some curious observations on surnames
will be found in J. P. Andrews's Anecdotes, Ancient and
Modern, 1789, 8vo. See LYFORD, EDWARD. Consult,
also, the American yorks on this subject by B. Homer
Dixon, Mr. Bowditch, Mr. Shurtleff, &c.
2. Curiosities of Heraldry, 1845, 8vo.
"Both curious and instructive."-Lon. Athenæum.
3. Hand-Book for Lewes, 1846, 18mo. 4. Chronicles
of Pevensey, 1847, 12mo. See Lon. Archeologist, 1842,
vol. i. 129. 5. Chronicle of Battel-Abbey, 1066-1176,
1851, Svo.
"In no respect less interesting than the famous Chronicle of St.
Edmund's Abbey by Jocelin de Brakelond.”—Lm. Lit. Gaz.
6. Pevensey Castle, and the Recent Excavations there,
1853, Svo. See No. 4. 7. Contributions to Literature,
Historical, Antiquarian, and Natural, 1854, p. Svo.
"There is a good deal of quaint and pleasing reading in this
volume.”—Lo. Athenæum, 1854, 335.
8. Memorials of the Town of Seaford, 1855, 8vo. 9.
Genealogical Memoir of the Family of Serase, 1856, Svo.
Lower, Richard, M.D., 1631?-1691, pub. several
learned medical works, 1665, '71, &c. See Biog. Brit.;
Athen. Oxon.; Rees's Cyc.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.
"Bishops Hurd, Halifax, Clayton, and others, have written with
ability upon these abstruse parts of sacred writ. Drs. Apthorp,
Maclaurin, and Brown have thrown pretty much light upon them;
but of all who have treated upon the book of Revelation noue
seem to me to have excelled Lowman.”—Rev. DAVID SIMPSON,
See his Key to the Prophecies, p. 582.
"This is a respectable work of the same class with Locke, Ben-
son, and Pierce, to whose doctrinal sentiments the author was in-
clined. The notes are few, and not very profound."-Orme's Bibl.
Bib.
“Lowman labours chiefly to ascertain the fulfilment of the Pro-
phecy, in a number of interesting historic facts."—WILLIAMS.
Bishop Tomline includes Lowman's work on the Rere-
lation in his list of books for clergymen and Biblical
students.
3. Dissert. on the Civil Government of the Hebrews,
1740, 45, 1816, 8vo. 4. Rationale of the Ritual of the
Hebrew Worship, 1748, 1816, 8vo.
..
Works of importance and research. Lowman had a great
knowledge of Jewish affairs."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
“Lewis and Lowman give much useful information.”—Bicker.
stell's ('. S.
Lower, Sir William, d. 1662, was the author of six
plays and some trans. from the French, 1639–58. See
Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Dramat.; Chalmers's Biog. Dict.
Lowick, Thomas. Life of St. George, Lon., 1664, 4to.
Lowis, Robert, M.D. Con. to Ed. Med. Ess., 1731. |
Lowman, Moses, 1680-1752, a learned Dissenting
divine, a native of London, entered as a student in the
Middle Temple, 1697, subsequently studied divinity at
Utrecht and Leyden, and in 1710 became minister at
Clapham, where he continued until his death. His prin-
cipal works are-1. The Argument from Prophecy in
Proof that Jesus is the Messiah, vindicated, &c., Lon.,
1733, Svo. Written against Anthony Collins's Discourse
on the Grounds and Reasons of the Christian Religion,
1724, Svo. Dr. Leland calls Lowman's Argument "a
valuable book." 2. A Paraphrase and Notes on the Reve-
lation of St. John, Lon., 1737, 45, 4to; 1791; 1807, Svo.
This work forms the concluding portion of the modern
collective eds. of the Commentaries of Patrick, Lowth,
Whitby, and Arnald: see ARNALD, RICHARD: LOWTH,
WILLIAM, D.D.; PATRICK, SYMON; WHITBY, DANIEL, D.D.
"I can with pleasure refer my reader to the learned Commentary
by Mr. Lowman, from which I have received more satisfaction with
respect to many of its difliculties than ever I found elsewhere, or
expected to find at all."-DR. Doddridge: Works, vol. ii., Leeds
ed., p. 37.
See LEWIS, THOMAS, No. 4.
5. Three Tracts on the Appearances of God under the
Pub. after the author's death by Drs. Chandler, Lardner,
Old Testament, the Shechinah, the Logos, 1756, Svo.
and Mr. Saundercock.
“It contains a good deal of learning and research on the peculiar
topics of which it treats."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
See Prot. Dissent. Mag., vols. i. and ii. Chandler's
Funeral Serm.; Leland's Deistical Writers; DUNLOP, WM.
Lowndes, Charles. Hist. of England from B.C.
55 to A.D. 1814; 4th ed., 1814, 12mo.
Lowndes, Francis. 1. Medical Electricity, Lon.,
1787, Svo. 2. Utility of Medical Electricity, 1791, Svo.
Lowndes, J.
J. Lexicon of the English and Modern
Greek Languages, &c., Corfu, 182-, Svo.
Lowndes, J. J. Historical Sketch of the Law of
Copyright: 2d ed., Lon., 1842, Svo. A valuable work.
See Jurist, 162; 7 N. Law Mag., 239.
Lowndes, John.
Lowndes, M. D.
Lon., 1843, Svo.
Coffee-Planter, 1807, Svo.
Delays in Chancery Considered,
Lowndes, R. Chronological Index to the Statutes
at
at Large, from Magna Charta to July 23d, 1830, Lon.,
1831, Svo.
Lowndes, Thomas. Brine Salt improved, Lon.,
1746, 4to. This is by the founder of the Astronomy Pro-
fessorship at Cambridge, established 1749.
Lowndes, Thomas. Hist. of Inland Narigations,
2 Pts., Lon., 1766, Svo; 2d ed. of Pt. 1, 1769.
Lowndes, William. Works on Silver Coin and
the Value of Money, 1695. See Bp. Nicolson's Eng.
Hist. Lib.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1164.
Lowndes, William. Law of Legacies, 1824, r. Svo.
"Ilis treatise does not hold a very high rank." See 9 Amer.
Jur., 71.
Lowndes, William Thomas, d. 1843, a book-
seller of London, will ever be held in honourable re-
membrance by bibliographers for two invaluable works
compiled by him,-viz.: 1. The Bibliographer's Manual of
English Literature, containing an account of Rare, Curi-
ous, and Useful Books published in, or relating to, Great
Britain and Ireland, from the Invention of Printing;
with Bibliographical and Critical Notices, Collations of
the Rarer Articles, and the Prices at which they have
been sold in the Present Century, Lon., 1834, 4 vols. 8vo,
pp. xii. 2002, double columns, £4 58.; large paper, £8 10s.
This excellent work-of course, not without errors, but with
less than from the comprehensive character of the under-
taking might have been reasonably anticipated-should
be in every library of any pretensions. It meets with a
ready sale at about £5 to £6. 2. The British Librariau;
or, Book-Collector's Guide to the Formation of a Library
in all Branches of Literature, Science, and Art, arranged
in Classes, with Prices, Critical Notes, References, and an
Index of Authors and Subjects, 1839, Parts 1-11, Svo, all
published. Mr. Lowndes, whilst engaged in the prepara-
tion of this work, was attacked by mental derangement,
produced by pecuniary embarrassment, and did not live
to resume his labours. The eleven Parts which were pub-
lished contain 1320 columns of most valuable matter, unfor-
tunately almost useless for want of an index. To both
of these works we have been largely indebted in the pre-
paration of this Dictionary. Cheap edits. of the Biblio-
grapher's Manual and the British Librarian (completed)
we doubt not would meet with liberal encouragement.
Lownes, Caleb. Account of the Alteration and
Present State of the Ponal Laws of Pennsylvania, Phila.,
1793, Svo. See BRADFORD, William.
1139
LOW
LOW
Lowrey, Major George, d. 1852, aged about 82, a
Cherokee Indian, wrote a tract on Temperance in the
Cherokee language.
Lowrey, Rev. W. Missions in Tonjec and Feejee, N.
York, 1852, 12mo.
Lowrie, Rev. John C., a son of the Hon. Walter
Lowrie, and for some time a missionary in Northern In-
dia.
1. Two Years in Upper India, N. York, 12mo. 2.
Manual of Missions; or, Sketches of the Foreign Missions
of the Presbyterian Church, 1855.
Lowrie, L. A. Memoirs of Mrs. Lowrie, Lon., 1838,
18mo.
Lowrie, Hon. Walter. See LOWRIE, REV. WALTER
MACON.
Lowrie, Rev. Walter Macon, 1819-1847, the ex-
cellent son of the Hon. Walter Lowrie, for many years a
member of the Congress of the United States, was a native
of Butler, Pennsylvania; graduated at Jefferson College,
Canonsburg, in 1837; studied theology at the Theological
Seminary of Princeton, New Jersey; was ordained Novem-
ber, 1841; sailed to China, to join the Presbyterian Mission
there, Jan. 19, 1842, and died August 19, 1847, having
been thrown into the sea by pirates, when about twelve
miles' sail from Chapoo. A memoir of this devoted Chris-
tian, edited by his father, was pub., N. York, 1849, Svo,
pp. viii., 500; Phila., 1854, 12mo, pp. 405; 1855, 12mo.
This vol. is chiefly composed of Mr. Lowrie's letters, and
should be attentively perused by all who are interested in
the important subject of Christian missions. Mr. Lowrie
was the author of-1. Letters addressed to Sabbath-
School Children, N. York, 18mo. 2. The Land of Sinim;
or, An Exposition of Isaiah xlix. 12, Phila., 1846, 18mo.
3. Serms. preached in China, 1851, Svo. See N. York
Observer, Jun. 8, 1848, (by R. W. Dickinson ;) Princeton
Review, xxii. 280.
Lowrie, William. Accts. with Bankers, 1805, 8vo.
Lowry, Rev. A. Positive Theology, Cin., 12mo.
Lowry, D. Conversations on Mineralogy, Phila.,
1822, 12mo.
Lowry,
John Wilson. Table Atlas, Lon., 1852, 4to;
1856, 4to. See Lon. Athen., 1853, 917.
Lowry, S. A. An Earnest Search for Truth, Phila.,
18mo.
Lowry, Stephen, M.D., of Falmouth, England.
Essays on Select Passages of Scripture, 1809, 12mo.
Lowry, T. K. 1. General Rules and Orders of Equity
Side Ct. of Excheq. in Ireland, Dubl., 1838, 12mo. 2.
New do., 1844, 12mo.
Lowry, William, 1762-1824, an engraver, pub. a
Letter on the Mosaic Account of the Deluge, in the Im-
perial Magazine, Jan. 1820.
Lowth, G. T. 1. A Few Words about Rome and
Naples, Lon., 1854, 8vo; 2d ed. same year. 2. The Wan-
derer in Arabia, 1856, 2 vols. p. 8vo.
Lowth, H. Historical and General School Atlas of
Events, Lon., 1852, fol., 15s. 6d.; school ed., 4to, 108. 6d.
Lowth, Robert, D.D., 1710-1787, a native of Win-
chester, the son of William Lowth, D.D., (post,) was edu-
cated at Winchester School, and at New College, Oxford,
(elected 1730;) succeeded Spence in the Professorship of
Poetry, 1741; Preb. of Durham and Rector of Sedgefield,
1755; Bishop of St. David's, 1766; trans. to Oxford in
the same year, and to Loudon, 1777; declined the Arch-
bishopric of Canterbury, 1783. His principal publications
are the following: 1. Prælectiones de Sacra Poesi He-
bræorum, &c., Oxf., 1753, 4to; 1763, 2 vols. 8vo. In Latin,
et cum Notis Joannis Davidis Michaelis, Goet., 1758 et
1770, 2 vols. 8vo; Oxf., 1775, r. 8vo. Cum Notis et epi-
metris Jo. Da. Michaelis, ex Edit. Em. Frid. Car. Rosen-
müller, Oxon., 1810, 2 vols. Svo; 1821, 8vo.
CC
The edition of 1821 may be considered as the best, as it includes,
besides the additional observations of Professor Michaelis, the
further remarks of Rosenmüller, (whose edition appeared at Leip-
sic in 1815,) Richter, and Weiske. Bp. Lowth's Lectures are re-
printed in the thirty-first volume of Ugolino's."-Horne's Bibl. Bib.,
1839, 171.
In 1787, 2 vols. 8vo, G. Gregory pub. a trans. of Lowth's
Prælectiones, under the title of Lects. on the Sacred
Poetry of the Hebrews; trans. from the Latin, with the
principal Notes of Prof. Michaelis, and Notes by the editor
[Henley] and others, 1787, 2 vols. 8vo; 1816, 2 vols. 8vo;
4th ed., 1839, 8vo; 5th ed., 1847, cr. 8vo; 6th ed., 1853, p.
In consequence of these additions, the English ver-
sion is of more value than the Latin original. But the stu-
dent can by no means dispense with Calvin E. Stowe's trans.
of the Prælectiones, from the original Latin, with Notes,
Andover, Mass., 1829, 8vo. In addition to the Notes of
Rosenmüller and Michaelis, Prof. Stowe gives us extracts
8vo.
from the writings of other learned commentators on the sub-
ject of the sacred poetry of the Hebrews,-viz.: Sir Wm.
Jones, Eichhorn, Gesenius, De Wetto, &c. He has also
added greatly to the value of his work by original notes.
"He has displayed in the execution of his task much sound
All the notes he has selected are of
judgment and research.
sterling value, and those which are the results of his own investi
gations exhibit originality and learning."-REV. G. B. CHeever ;
N. Amer. Rev., xxxi. 337–379.
Read this valuable paper: see also articles on Hebrew
Poetry in N. Amer. Rev., xxxv. 473, (by W. B. 0. Pen-
body,) Ixiii. 201, (by A. P. Peabody;) Princeton Rev., ii.
323, iii. 429; Bost. Chris. Rev., xii. 387, (by R. Babcock ;)
N. Eng. Mag., . 97; Bibl. Sacra, v. 58, (by B. B. Ed-·
wards;) Kitto's Jour., i. 94, 295, (by G. H. Á. Von Ewald,)
v. 373.
To the value of Lowth's great work it is easy to adduce
ample testimonics:
"With regard to the transcendent excellencies of the poetical
parts of the Old Testament, ample information will be derived from
Lowth's Sacred Poetry."-DR. DODDRIDGE.
"An excellent work, highly interesting to every biblical stu-
dent."-DR. ADAM CLARKE.
|
An excellent compendium of all the best rules of taste, and of
all the principles of composition, illustrated by the boldest and
most exalted specimens of genius (if no higher title be allowed
them) which antiquity has transmitted to us."-DR. G. GREGORY.
lated to lead the mind to admire the poetical beauties of Scrip
"It is an elegant and interesting book, though somewhat calcu-
ture rather than their spiritual tendency and design. It is not
distinguished so much for its philological criticisms as for the
felicity of its illustrations. . . . Lowth was himself a poet, and
deeply versant in the poetry of the Hebrews, as well as in the
poetical writers of Greece and Rome."-Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Incomparable Prælectiones on the Poetry of the Hebrews."-
GIBBON, the historian.
"In this admired work Dr. Lowth has described and illustrated
the properties and excellencies of each particular species of that
poetry with such admirable taste and skill, with such exuberant
richness of imagery, such variety, copiousness, elegance, and ro
tundity of style, as few writers have equalled in language not their
own."-BISHOP PORTEUS.
"The greatest authority on this subject.”—Montgomery's Lects.
on Genl. Lit., Poetry, &c., Lect. III, q. v.
guage. A delightful work of taste and criticism.”—Bickersteth's
"Many instructive and elegant remarks on the Hebrew lan
C. S.
(C
Bishop Lowth prepared the way for a more accurate knowledge
of this important part of divine revelation [the Prophetical Books]
by his admirable Prelections, and by his amended translations of
the prophecies of Isaiah."-Williams's C. P.
"Before the appearance of his volume, scarcely any thing had
been accomplished in the whole wide range of sacred literature
which it occupies. . . . Lowth was fortunate indeed in being the
first adventurer in a region so delightful.”—G. B. CHEEver, D.D.;
N. Amer. Rev., xxxi. 366, 307.
See also Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 16, 98.
Not only at home, but in Germany also, Lowth's Præ-
lectiones excited a spirit of research in the department to
which he was the first to call the attention of the learned
world:
"Let no man forget what he was for his own age; how bene-
ficial was his influence upon his contemporaries; that we have
become what we are, in part at least, by his aid, and that he has
helped us forward many steps by his investigations and masterly
example."-EICHHORN.
Nor let the render suppose that Lowth's excellent work
The
is interesting to divines and Orientalists only.
layman, also, may peruse it with delight and instruc-
tion :
"If you have not read Bishop Lowth's Prælectiones on IIebrew
Poetry, let me commend its perusal to you. It opened to me, somo
years ago, quite a new view of the beauties of the prophetical and
poetical part of the Old Testament."-HON. DANIEL WEBSTER: Let-
ter to Mr. Fuige, March 27, 1844: Webster's Private Correspondence,
Bost., 1857, ii. 186.
The literary history of the Prælectiones, and the contro-
versies connected with its publication, have already tome
under our notice. See EDWARDS, THOMAS; HARE, FRANCIS,
D.D., No. 2; JEBB, JOHN, D.D., No. 3. 2. The Life of
William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester, Lon., 1758-
59, 8vo; 1759, Svo; 1777, Svo.
"A model in its way."-Lon. Quar. Rev.
"The reflections are sparing, and the style is languid. Even in
antiquarian lore there is a dearth of intelligence; but the subject
was not suited to the taste, habits, and learning of Lowth.”—
Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
3. Short Introduction to English Grammar, with Cri-
tical Notes, 1763, 8vo. Often reprinted, and formerly
used in schools.
tongue. [?] We are somewhat surprised that Murray's grammar,
"He gave to England the first regular grammar of his nativė
which is but an enlarged copy of Lowth's, should so generally have
occupied its place, and that, too, with little acknowledgment to the
individual from whom were derived its plan and most of its mate-
1758, yet we doubt whether there is at the present day a single
rials. Although Lowth's treatise was written so early as the year
work of equal excellence in the same compass."-G. B. CHELVER,
D.D.: N. Amer. Rev., xxxi. 377.
1140
LOW
LUA
"On this subject [study of the English language] the reader
ught to peruse Dr. Lowth's Short Introduction to English Gram-
mar, with Critical Notes. Several niceties of the language are
well pointed out."-Blair's Licts, on Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres,
Lects. IX. and XII.
...
See also Memoirs, Jour., and Corresp. of Thomas Moore,
Lon., 1856, Index; Blackw. Mag., xlv. 458.
4. A Letter to the Rt. Rev. Author [Warburton] of the
Divine Legation of Moses Demonstrated, 1765, 8vo. See,
in addition to authorities cited below, Disraeli's Quarrels
of Authors, ed. Lon., 1840, Index; Lord Jeffrey's Con-
trib. to Edin. Rev., Lon., 1853, 889. 5. New Translation
of Isaiah, with Prelim. Dissert. and Notes, Critical,
Philological, and Explanatory, 1778, 4to; 1778, 2 vols.
8vo; 13th ed., Lon., 1842, 8vo; in German, trans. by M.
Koppe, Goet., 1779-81, 4 vols. Svo. Bishop Stock alters
Lowth's trans. in some cases in the work entitled Isaiah
in Hebrew and English, pub. by the former in 1804, Svo.
Lowth's version is deservedly held in great estimation,
though it has not escaped censure for alleged undue free-
dom with the sacred text.
"A sublime and admirably-executed version."-Horne's Bibl.
Bib., 1839, 287; where see an account of the controversy elicited
by Lowth's translation.
See also Lowndes's Brit. Lib., 181.
"Lowth's Isaiah does honour to our age and nation.”—DR.
BEATTIE.
O
"No former translator has expressed the meaning and spirit of
the evangelical prophet so felicitously as Lowth. Lowth is,
perhaps, too partial to conjectural criticism, and the version is too
highly wrought for common use; but it is a valuable specimen of
sacred criticism, and indispensable to the interpretation of Isaiah."
-Orme's Bill. Bib.
"In this, as in his former work, [Prælectiones, &c..] Dr. Lowth
has very happily united the most critical judgment with the taste
and spirit of poetry."-GIBBON, the historian.
••
"The school of Lowth is characterized by an unwarrantable
freedom in the use of conjectural emendations which has proved
highly injurious to the correct critical treatment of the sacred
Scriptures."-Lon. Eclec. Rev.
"His only fault as a sacred critic was a degree of what Arch-
bishop Secker denominated the rabies emendandi, or rage for
textual and conjectural emendations. The prevalence of this spirit
in his work on Isaiah was the only obstacle that prevented its
attaining the same rank as a classic in sacred literature which has
been accorded to the Lectures on the Sacred Poetry of the Hebrews."
-G. B. CHEEVER, D.D.: N. Amer. Rev., xxxi. 376.
3. Comment. on Isaiah, 1714, 4to; Jeremiah, 1718, 4to;
on Ezekiel, 1723, 4to; on Daniel and the Minor Prophets,
1726, 4to all four together, 1727, 2 vols. fol.; 1730, fol.;
1739, fol., &c. These Commentaries, which are a con-
tinuation of Bishop Patrick's, are pub. with those of
Patrick, Whitby, Lowman, and Arnald. This collective
ed. has already come under our notice in our article on
ARNALD, RICHARD, q. v.: see also HAMMOND, HENRY, D.D..
No. 3. A beautiful ed. of Patrick, Lowth, Arnald, and
Whitby's Commentaries, edited by Rev. J. R. Pitman,
"May be consulted with considerable advantage."-Dr. E. Wi-printed, £24. Nor should we omit to notice the excellent
was pub. in 1822, 6 vols. r. 4to, £6 68.; fine paper, 24 copies
"A much-esteemed version."-Bickerstelle's C. S.
liams's C. P.
And see Dr. W.'s remarks on the Prælectiones.
"Bishop Lowth not only corrected in many places the common
Hebrew text on the authority of manuscripts, but sometimes in
troduced emendations from mere conjecture. Yet even Lowth has
been supposed to have taken this liberty too often, especially by
Professor Köcher, of Bern," &c.—Bishop Marsh's Divinity Lects.,
Camb., 1810, Lect. XII. 130-131, and n.
ed. of Patrick, Lowth, Whitby, Arnald, and Lowman's
Commentaries, pub. by Messrs. J. B. Smith & Co., of
Philadelphia, 4 vols. imp. Svo, $20. This ed. contains
is an excellent commentator:
the Sacred Text placed at the head of each page. Lowth
But see in this connexion Horne's Bibl. Bib., 1839, 287.
"Lowth's conjectures and emendations are by some considered
unwarrantable.”—HENDERSON.
Read Prof. Stowe's comments on this subject, quoted
by Dr. Cheever.
6. Lowth's Serms. and other Remains, now first collected
and arranged, partly from original MSS.; with an Intro-
ductory Memoir by Rev. Peter Hall, Lon., 1834, Svo.
"A valuable addition to our theological literature."-Lon. Chris.
Rememb.
"There are some valuable things in this volume; but, upon the
whole, the publication adds more to the quantity of the bishop's
writings than to the quantity of his fame."—British Critic, 1834.
See also Lowndes's Brit. Lib., S97. See Memoirs of the
Life and Writings of the late Bp. Lowth. Lon. and Goet.,
1787, Svo; Hall's Memoir, as above; Dodsley's Annual
Register, 1788; Darling's Cyc. Bibl., vol. i., 1873-1874;
Blackw. Mag., xxix. 765, 902; Gent. Mag., vols. lvii.,
Iviii., &c., especially 1835, Pt. 1, 155, 276, 385, 388; Pt. 2,
143, 254.
-
Lowth, Robert. 1. Serm., 1793, 4to. 2. Serm.,
1804, 4to.
Lowth, Simon, D.D., 1630?-1720, a Non-juror,
Vicar of St. Cosmus, 1679, deprived, 1688, pub. Historical
Collections concerning Church Affairs, Lon., 1696, 4to,
and some other theolog. treatises, 1672-1704. See Birch's
Life of Tillotson; Nicolson's Letters, vol. i. 74.
Lowth, Wm. See BATTY, BARTH.
"Cara, vale! ingenio præstans, pictate, pudore,
Et plusquam natæ nomine cara vale!
Cara Maria, vale! At veniet felicius ævum,
Quando iterum tecum, sim modo dignus, cro
Cara, redi: læta tum dicam voce, paternos
Eja age in amplexus, cara Maria redi."
Robert Lowth, (ante,) a native of London, was educated
Lowth, William, D.D., 1661–1732, father of Bishop
at Merchant-Tailors' School, and at St. John's College,
Oxford, (elected, 1675 :) Preb. of Winchester, 1696; Rector
of Buriton, Hants, 1699. He pub. a number of seimus.,
and the following works: 1. A Vindication of the Divine
Authority and Inspiration of the Writings of the Old and
New Testaments: in answer to [Le Clerc's] Five Letters,
Oxf., 1692, sm. 8vo; Lon., 1699, Svo; 3d ed., with two
serms., 1821, 8vo.
ing of the Scriptures, &c., 170S, '12, '26, '84, '99; last ed.,
1821, 12mo.
2. Directions for the Profitable Read-
"A very excellent little treatise, and calculated to assist very
beneficially in the reading of the word of God. Even those whose
acquaintance with the Scriptures is extensive may derive some
useful hints from it.”—Orme's Bibl. Bib.
"Lowth has compiled a judicious commentary, in which ther
are some good critical notes and a fine collection of parallels.”
DR. DODDRIDGE.
"It contains many valuable hints on the prophecies."-Rɛv. E.
BICKERSTETI.
..
Lowth is one of the most judicious commentators on the pro-
phets. He never prophesies himself: adheres strictly to the literal
meaning of the inspired writer, and is yet generally evangelical in
his interpretations. There is not much appearance of criticism;
but the original text and other critical aids were doubtless closely
studied by the respectable author. It is often quoted by Scott, and,
along with Patrick and Whitby, (with whom he is associated,
though a writer of more spirituality than either.) is pronounced by
Bishop Watson the best commentary in the English language."-
Orme's Bibl. Bib.
The following work, it will be seen, has been also highly
commended: Kypke. (G. D.,) Observationes Sacræ in
Novum Test., Wratislaviæ, 1755, 2 vols. in 1, Svo.
We must not omit to notice our author's Ode to the
People of Great Britain, 1746, which seems to have been
his earliest publication, though he had previously written
wo poems, The Genealogy of Christ, since inserted in
Pearch's Collections of Poems,-and Catharine Hill, 1729.
We are much in want of a uniform ed. of Lowth's
Works, and a biography of the learned and excellent
author. As a classical scholar, and especially as an ele-Money-Market, &c., Lon., 1837, '40, '44.
gant Latin poet, it would be difficult to commend Bishop
Lowth too highly. The epitaph on his daughter's tomb-
stone is considered to be unsurpassed in sweetness and
pathos:
"Of all the expositions of the New Testament, conducted on
principles like these, I know of none that are superior, or, indeed,
equal, to those of Kypke. They are written without pedantry or
an affectation of learning, and contain all that is important with-
out being encumbered with extraneous matter.”—MICHAELIS,
Dr. Lowth was a man of profound learning, and con-
tributed notes to Potter's ed. of Clemens Alexandrinus,
Hudson's Josephus, and other valuable works. See his
life by his son, Bishop Lowth, in Biog. Brit.
Lowther, George. The Waldenses, 1821, 8vc.
Lowther, Sir James, Bart. Damp Air in a Coal-
Pit; Phil. Trans., 1733.
Lowther, W., M.D. Dropsy, Lon., 1771, Svo.
Lowthion, S. Serms., 1760, '63, both Svo.
Lowthrop, John. 1. Phil. Trans. to end of 1700;
abridged, Lon., 1716, 3 vols. 4to. 2. With Motte, H.
Jones, J. Eames, and J. Martyn, Phil. Trans., 1665–1750;
abridged, 1754, 9 vols. 4to. 3. Refraction of the Air;
Phil. Trans., 1699.
Loy, John G., M.D. Cow-Pox, Whitby, 1801, 4to.
Loyd, Major-General Henry. See LLOYD.
Loyd, Samuel Jones. Tracts on the Currency,
"Mr. Loyd's tracts are all excellent."-McCulloch's Lit. of Polit.
Econ., 1845, 185: see also pp. 181, 182, 183.
Loyde, Humphrey. The Treasuri of Helth, Lon.,
12mo.
Loynes, Lucy, of Nottingham. Original Poetry for
Infant and Juvenile Minds, 1817.
Luard, F. Income Act, 1799, Sro.
Luard, Capt. John. 1. Views in India, Lon., 1833–
34, 5 Pts. imp. 4to. 2. Hist. of the Dress of the British
Soldier, Lon., 1852, imp. Svo, 50 plates, £2.
1141
LUB
LUD
Lubbock, Sir John William, Bart., b. 1803, the
author of the Classification of the different Branches of
Human Knowledge, (Lon., 1838, 8vo,) &c., has contributed
many valuable papers to the Memoirs of the Royal Astro-
nomical Society, Phil. Trans., Phil. Mag., &c. See The
English Cyclopædia, 1856, vol. iii.
Lubbock, Rev. R. Fauna of Norfolk, Lon., 1845, Svo.
"A book after our own heart."-Lon. Zoologist.
Lubbock, Richard, M.D., 1759-1808, a native of
Norwich. De Principio Scorbili, 1784.
Lubé, D. G. 1. An Analysis of the Principles of
Equity Pleading, Lon., 1823, Svo; N. York, 1840, 8vo;
21 Amer. ed., by J. D. Wheeler, 1846, 8vo.
66
A very good compendium of the outlines of the science.”-
JUDGE JOSEPII STORY.
2. Gold-Standard, 1832, Svo.
J
Lucas, Lord. Speeches, Lon., 1670, '93.
Lucas, Mrs. 1. Treachery; a Novel, Lon., 1848, 3
vols. p. 8vo. 2. Gabriella Witherington; a Novel, 1852,
3 vols. p. 8vo. 3. The Quicksands of Fashion; a Novel,
1855, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Lucas, Bernard. Quadrature of the Circle, 1788.
Lucas, Sir Charles. Speech at his Execution, Lon.,
1648, 4to. See The Loyall Sacrifice, &c., 1648, 12mo.
Lucas, Charles. Political Tracts, 1756, '61, '68.
Lucas, Charles, M.D., M.P., d. 1771, aged 58.
Essay on Water, Lon., 1756, 3 vols. 8vo. Reviewed by
Dr. Johnson in the Literary Magazine. Lucas pub. other
works on mineral waters, &c., 1757-72.
Lucas, Rev. Charles, pub. poems, novels, &c.,
An
1801-10.
Lucas, Henry. Poems, tragedies, &c., 1777–95.
Lucas, James. Med. treatises, &c., 1778-91.
Lucas, R. Parish Registers, 1812, Svo.
Lucas, Richard, D.D., 1648-1715, a native of Rad-
norshire, entered of Jesus College, 1664; Vicar of St.
Stephen's, Coleman Street, London, 1683; Preb. of West-
minster, 1696. He pub. a number of occasional serms.,
1683-1704; 2 vols. of serms., 3d ed., 1710, 2 vols. 8vo; 3
vols. of Serms., 1712-16-17; and 3 vols. of serms. (2d ed.,
1722) were pub. after his death. He was also the author
of a number of devotional treatises, of which the follow-
ing are the best-known: 1. Inquiry after Happiness, 1685,
2 vols. 8vo; many eds.
Lucar, Cyprian. 1. Arte of Shooting, Lon., 1583,
fol. 2. Treatise named Lucar-Solace, 1590, 4to.
Lucas. Exceptions against Newton's Theory of Light Southern Parts of Brazil, 1820, 4to.
and Colours: Phil. Trans., 1676.
"I am sure that time will be well spent which you bestow on
Lucas's Enquiry after Happiness."-DEAN STANHOPE.
Lucas's Inquiry after Happiness, especially its 2d vol., is pecu-
liarly of that kind which avoids both coldness and enthusiasm."-
Ksox.
"The first volume, in some parts, will appear dry; the second is
admirable throughout, leading on the reader through the most
rational course, and by well-marked gradations, to the just end of
his being.
Some there are, that by due steps aspire,
To lay their just hands on the golden key
That opes the Palace of Eternity."-BISHOP Jebb.
"He [Walter Savage Landor] thought Degerando indebted to
Lucas on Happiness, and Lucas on Holiness, [Practical Christi-
anity.-R. W. Emerson's English Traits: Visit to Landor, Lon.,
1857, 12mo.
2. Practical Christianity; or, An Account of the Holi-
ness which the Gospel enjoins, with the Motives to it, &c.;
5th ed., 1700, 12mo. Many eds.; last ed., 1838, 18mo.
Highly commended by Sir Richard Steele in The Guardian,
No. 63. Vide ut supra.
"You need not fear that Socinus will affect the orthodoxy of my
creed. He is a candid and judicious advocate for Christian perfec-
tion, very much in the same sense with Lucas.”—Bishop Jebb to
Knox.
6.
Lucas's style is very peculiar, sometimes exceeding free, ap
proaching to conversation, sometimes grand and solemn, and
generally very expressive. His most valuable works are his En-
quiry after Happiness and his Practical Christianity."-DR. DOD-
DRIDGE.
See Athen. Oxon.; Biog. Brit.; Supp. Orton's Letters,
1805, 2 vols.
Lucas, Robert, a lawyer, subsequently a clergyman.
Cases in Law and Equity, chiefly during the Time of the
Earl of Macclesfield, Lon., 1736, fol.; 1739, fol.; 1769,
fol. This forms vol. x. Modern Reports, 5th ed., by T.
Leach, 1795, Svo.
"The book is of little authority."-BULLER, J.
|
See Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 520; Wallace's Reporters, 3d
ed., 1855, 238. Mr. Wallace will find his query (n. 4, p.
238) answered by casting his eye over the preceding
article.
Lucas, Robert. The Stone; Phil. Trans., 1747.
Lucas, Robert, D.D. Serms., &c., 1781-1510.
Lucas, Samuel. Charters of the Old English Colo-
nies in America, Lon., 1850, Svo. Pub. by the Society
for the Reform of Colonial Government. See Edin. Rev.,
Oct. 1855.
Lucas, Theophilus. Memoirs of the Lives, In-
trigues, and Comical Adventures of Gamesters and
Sharpers, Lon., 1714, 12mo.
Lucas, Sir Thomas. News from Ireland Admirable
Good, Lon., 1641, 4to.
Lucas, Thomas. Serms., 1718, '20, '28, all Svo.
Lucas, Wm. Laws conc. Horses, Lon., 1785, Svo.
Lucas, Wm. Serms., Lon., 1792, 98, 1812.
Lucas, Wm. A Poem, &c., Lon., 1800–09.
Luccock, John. 1. Nature and Properties of Wool,
Lon., 1805, 12mo. 2. Essay on Wool, 1807.
Luccock, John. Notes on Rio de Janeiro and the
"Mr. Luccock resided eleven years in Brazil, and he seems to
have been a careful observer: his work gives much new and im-
portant information on agriculture, statistics, commerce, mines,
manners, &c., but it is heavily written."-Stevenson's Voyages and
Travels.
"The mass of information is immense and the volume exceed-
ingly amusing."-Lon. Lit. Gaz.
Luccock, Jos. Theory of Tides, &c., 1817, 4to.
Breton across the Atlantic in 1799, Lon., 1812, Svo.
Luce, John. Narrative of a Passage from Cape
Luckcock, James. 1. Book-keeping, 1804, fol. 2.
Moral Culture attempted, 1817, 12mo.
Luckombe. 1. Hist. and Art of Printing, Lon.,
1771, Svo. 2. Tour in Ireland, 1783, 12mo. 3. England':
Gazetteer, 1790, 3 vols. 12mo. 4. Tatler of Memory, 1800
12mo.
Lucy, William, d. 1677, Bishop of St. David's, 1660
The Office of a Minister; in Tracts of Angl. Fathers
iii. 201.
Luders, Alexander. 1. Reports of Proceed. it
Com. of H. of C. upon Controverted Elections, Lon.
1785-90, 3 vols. 8vo. See 74 Lon. Month. Rev., 143
Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 478. 2. Law of High Treason, &c.
1808, 12mo.
1808, 12mo. 3. Tracts [VII.] on Various Subjects on the
Law and History of England, Bath, 1810, 2 vols. 8vo.
4. Character of Henry V., &c., 1813, Svo. 5. Constit. of
Parl. in Reign of Edw. I., 1818, Svo.
Luders, Mrs. Catherine, of Indiana, under the
nom de plume of Emily Hermann, has contributed a num-
ber of poems to The Literary World (N. York) and other
periodicals.
Ludewig, Hermann E., b. at Dresden, Saxony,
October 14, 1810, after completing his studies at Leipsio
and Gottingen, commenced the practice of the law, de-
voting his leisure hours to books of travels and biblio-
graphical studies.
In 1837, he published Le Livret des Ana: essai de Ca-
talogue Manuel, Dresden, 12mo, giving a list of the books
in Ana, which brought their number to about 400, instead
of about 200 which had been collected before by Peignot
and Hécart.
In 1840, he gave, in his Zür Bibliothekonomie, Dresden.
8vo, pp. xxx., 41, a sample of the catalogisation of la
public libraries.
In 1844 and '45, he came to this country, travelled for
one year and a half in the different States of the Union,
and has since settled as a lawyer in New York and be-
come a citizen of the United States.
In 1846, he published (500 copies) The Literature of
American Local History, New York, 8vo, pp. 180; and
articles on American Libraries and Bibliography, which
at the same time published, in the Leipzig Serapeum,
were afterwards acknowledged by Prof. Jewett, in his
Notes on American Libraries, as the pioneer-sketches on
these topics.
In 1848, Mr. L. issued his First Supplement to Ame-
rican Local History, relating entirely to the local history
of the State of New York; pub. in N. York Literary
World, Feb. 19, and 30 copies printed in pamphlet-form.
In 1854, he communicated to the Societé de Géographie
of Paris an article entitled De L'Histoire des Abori-
gènes du Mexique, in which "he advanced some original
and peculiar views respecting the origin, migrations, and
mutual relations of the Mexican tribes.”
A very valuable work by Mr. Ludewig-Literature of
American Aboriginal Linguistics, (a list of vocabularies
and grammars of over three hundred American Indian lan-
guages)—is now (1857) in the course of publication in Loc-
don, by Messrs. Nicolaus Trübner & Co., 1 vol.8vo,about 300
pages. This desirable volume (containing 345 articles)
11.42
LUD
LUN
will be onriched by additions from the learned pen of Mr. |
Nicolaus Trübner, well known as a scholar as well as a
publisher. As the first attempt to arrange the materials
for a study of American aboriginal languages, this work
will be indispensable to the comparative philologist. (See
DUPONCEAU, PETER S.) It will form vol. i. of Trüb-
ner's Bibliotheca-Glottica, the carrying-out of a plan
suggested in 1804 by C. G. von Marx, in his prospectus
of a Bibliotheen-Glottica, that is, a list of all the gram-
mars and vocabularies of the world, written and published.
See Lon. Athenæum, Jan. 1857, 136, 156.
The
We regret to add to the above (alas! how frequent are
our post-mortem memoranda in this Dictionary!) that all
hopes of futur literary labours on the part of Mr. Lude-
wig were cut short by his death, Dec. 12, 1856.
author of this Dictionary had urged upon Mr. L. the pre-
paration of an enlarged edit. of his Literature of American
Local History, and was not without hopes of success in
this suggestion; but this important duty must now devolve
upon some one of the Forces, the Murphys, the O'Cal-
laghans, the Felts, the Sargents, or the Drakes, who culti-
We are glad to
vate this particular field of research.
observe an interesting biographical sketch of Mr. Ludewig
in the (Boston) Historical Magazine for Feb. 1857, 33–34:
see also the same periodical for April, 1857, 119.
Ludger, C. Dramas, &c., Lon., 1797, '99.
Ludham, John. Theolog. treatises, &c., Lon.,
1577-90.
Ludlam, Wm., d. 1788, Vicar of Norton, pub. several
astronomical, mathematical, and theological works, &c.,
1769-1809. His Rudiments of Mathematics was pub.
1785, 8vo; 2d ed., 1787, Svo.
Ludlow, Miss. General View of the Fine Arts,
Critical and Historical, N. York, 1851, 12mo. Highly
commended by President King, of Columbia College, New
York, Rev. Chas. H. Halsey, and the (N. York) Home
Journal.
Ludlow, Abraham, M.D. Med. treatises, 1767, '92.
Ludlow, Lieut.-General Edmund, 1620?–1693,
one of the chiefs of the Republicans during Cromwell's
usurpation, Commander-in-Chief in Ireland, &c. In order
to avoid arrest, he retired to Vevay, Switzerland, where
he remained from 1689 until his death. He was the author
of several political tracts, but is best known by his Me-
moirs, pub. at Vevay : vols. i. and ii., 1698; vol. iii., 1699,
all Svo, Lon., 1721-22, 3 vols. 8vo; 1751, fol.; Edin.,
1751, 3 vols. 12mo; Lon., 1771, 4to, 5th and best ed., with
a portrait of Ludlow by Ravener.
"Ludlow's Memoirs, as to its composition, is below criticism; as
to the matter, curious enough. With what spirit written you may
judge by his character, which was that of a furious, mad, but I
think apparently honest, Republican and Independent."-BISHOP
WARBURTON.
"I would particularly recommend Ludlow's Memoirs of the Civil
Wars."-LORD CHATHAM.
"To understand the conduct of Cromwell and the Republicans,
not only must the Memoirs of Holles be read, but those of Ludlow.
Ludlow's work becomes very important after the account of the
battle of Naseby. . . . Ludlow was prepared to borrow assistance
for his political measures from the army.”—Prof. Smyth's Lects, on
Mod. Hist., Lect. XVII.
|
"For Charles the First appears our greatest historian, Lord
Clarendon; on the other side Ludlow, who is, however, particularly
severe on Cromwell.”—Dr. Richard Farmer's Letter on the Study
of English History, in Goodhugh's E. G. Lib. Man., 43–45.
Five Tracts of Ludlow's, with a Preface by Baron
Maseres, were reprinted in 1813, 4to.
"Highly deserving a careful perusal by all such as are desirous
of rightly understanding the history of the reign of Charles I. and
the true grounds of the great Civil War."-BARON MASERES.
See Biog. Brit.; Wood's Fasti, vol. i.; histories of the
period.
Ludlow, James R. See COLLINS, JOHN M.
Ludlow, John L., M.D., of Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania. 1. Medical Student's Manual, Phila., 1844. 2.
Manual of Medical Examinations, 18-16, 12mo; new edit.,
modified and enlarged, 1857, 12mo, over 800 pages, 370
wood-engravings.
"Dr. Ludlow discovers a minute knowledge of all the leading
departments of professional lore, which he imparts agreeably. He
is careful to be exact, without being redundant in any paragraph."
-Bost. Med, and Sury. Jour.
"Dr. Ludlow's Manual is decidedly the best, both in relation to
comprehensiveness and general accuracy, that has yet been pub- |
lished in this country.”—Western Lancet.
4
Also highly commended by the Bulletin of Med. Science
and by the Western Journal.
the Walls of Jericho: A Reply to Mr. Huntington, 1802,
8vo.
Luellin, Rev. George, d. 1740, contributed the
additional matter to the 2d ed. of Purcell's Orpheus Bri-
tannicus, 1702. See Hist. of Shrewsbury, 1823, 2 vols.
4to; Dr. Burney's Hist. of Music; Miller's Fly-Leaves.
1854, 162.
"He was often called by the Whigs a Jacobite, musical-mad
Welsh parson.”—DR. BURNEY: ubi supra.
Lufchild, John. Serm., 1812.
Luffkin, Thomas. Antiquarian papers, &c. in
Phil. Trans., 1699.
Luffman, John. Historical, legal, geographical, anc
other works, Lon., 1789-1806.
Lugar, Robert. Architectural Works, Lon., 1805,
'11.
Luidius, anglicé Lloyd.
Luidus, Joannes. Latin Tracts on Sir Philip Sid-
ney, &c., 1587, '92.
Luke, a physician, is said to be the author of John
Bon and Mast Person, printed by John Daye, Lon., 1548,
4to. Richard Foster had a copy of this work, and wrote
in it,-
"This is the only Copy of The Enterlude of John Bon and Mast
Person that I have ever met," &c.
From this copy a reprint was made on vellum, which
belonged to Sir Francis Freeling, and is now before us as
we write, having been in our possession for some years.
It is a poetical satire upon the "Real Presence.'
""
Luke, Mrs. 1. The Female Jesuit; or, The Spy in
the Family, Lon., 1851, er. 8vo; 1856, p. 8vo. 2. The
Sequel to the Female Jesuit, 1852, p. Svo; 1856, p. 8vo.
This work is truly styled "a work of absorbing in-
terest."
Luke, Robert.
Serms., 1794, 1800, '12, all 4to.
Lukin, Henry. 1. Practice of Godliness, Lon., 1659,
12mo. 2. The Chief Interest of Man, 1665, Svo; in
Latin, by S. Priest, Oxon., 1705, Svo.
"Practical.”—Bickerstetlès C. S.
3. Introduction to the Scriptures, Lon., 1669, Sro. 4.
Interest of the Spirit in Prayer, 1678, Svo.
"A judicious and learned divine."— Palmer's Nonconform
vol. i.
Lukin, Lionel. Unimergible Boats, 1806.
Lumisden, Alexander. Serm., Lon.. 1614, Svo.
deen, long resident at Rome. Remarks on the Antiquities
Lumisden, Andrew, 1720-1801, a native of Aber-
of Rome and its Environs, Lon., 1797, 4to; 1812, 4to,
about 60 plates, £3 38.
"A pleasing and judicious performance of a gentleman who
appears to have enjoyed the united advantages of foreign travel,
studious leisure, and polite company."- Mathias's Pursuits of
Literature.
Lumley, B. Bills in H. of C., &c., Lon., 1838, Svo.
Lumley, Joanna, Lady, d. 1620, trans. from the
Greek three of the Orations of Isocrates, (MS. now in
Westminster Library.) and also trans. the Iphigenia of
Euripides., Lon., 1833-56.
See Marvin's
Lumley, W. G. Legal Publications.
Leg. Bibl., 479, and the London catalogues.
Lumpkin, J. H., W. Schley, and J. A. Cuth-
bert. Penal Code of Georgia, 1833.
Lumsden, M., LL.D., Prof. of Arabic at the College
of Fort William, Bengal. 1. Grammar of the Persian
Language, Calcut., 1810, 2 vols. fol., £4 48.: very valuable.
2. Grammar of the Arabic Language, 1813, fol., £5 58.
3. Selections for the Persian Class.
Lumsden, Matthew. Descrip. of the Genealogy
of the House of Forbes, 1519, Invern., 1819, Svo.
Lumsden, Thomas. Journey from Merut, in India,
to London, Lon.. 1822, Svo.
Lunan, Alexander. Five Serms., Edin., 1712, 4to.
Lunan, John. Hortus Jamaicensis, Jamaica, 1814.
2 vols. 4to, £2 28.
Lunardi, Vincent. 1. First Aerial Voyage in Eng-
land, Lon., 1784, Svo. 2. Second Aerial Voyage, from
Liverpool, 9th Aug. 1785, 1785, Svo.
Lund. Rules of Government, 1710, Svo.
Lund, Rev. T. 1. Append. to Wood's Algebra,
Lon., 1840, Svo. 2. Companion to Wood's Algebra, 1847,
Svo. 3. Short and Easy Course of Algebra, 1850, 12mo;
1851, 12mo; 1856, 12mo. 4. Key to do., 1852, 12mo.
Elements of Geometry and Mensuration, Pt. 1, 1854, fp.
Svo; Pt. 2, 1855, fp. Svo.
5.
Lundaus, John. Latin Tracts,-philological, &c.,
1631, '91.
Ludlow, Roger, Deputy-Governor of Massachusetts
and of Connecticut, compiled the first Connecticut Code
of Laws, printed in 1672.
Ludson, Thomas. A Ram's Horn Trumpeter at Slavery in America.
Lundy, Benjamin, d. 1839, editor of the Genius of
Universal Emancipation, was the author of papers upor
1143
LUN
LUT
Lunettes, Henry. The American Gentleman's | Religious Institutions, Lon., r. 8vo. 2. Remonstrance
Guide to Politeness and Fashion, N. York, 1857, 12mo.
addressed to the Bishop of London. See Lowndes's Brit.
Lib., 1147.
Lushington, Mrs. Charles. Journey from Cal-
cutta to Europe in 1827-28, Lon., p. Svo.
Lushington, Franklin. Three Points of War,
Lon., 1854. 12mo. See LUSHINGTON, HENRY.
"Books like The American Gentleman's Guide to Politeness and
Fashion are only good for their intimidation of the vulgar,—their
real value lying in the amount of fun furnished by their fine lan-
guage to those who do not fancy fun ungenteel and abstain from
the same accordingly."-Lon. Athenæum, April 11, 1857, 465.
This book has also elicited warm commendation.
Lunsford, Col. Sir T. His Speech when he was
Apprehended, Lon., 1642, 4to.
Lunt. Christian Psaltery, Bost., 12mo.
Lunt, Mrs. The Philopena, Lowell, 32mo.
Lunt, George, b. about 1807, at Newburyport, Massa-
chusetts, was educated at Harvard College, subsequently
pursued the study of the law, and was admitted to prac-
tice in his native town in 1831. After acting as the
representative of Newburyport in the State Senate and
House of Assembly, Mr. Lunt, in 1848, removed to Bos-
ton, and, in the next year, was appointed by President
Taylor United States Attorney for the District of Massa-
chusetts. He continued in office until the incoming of
the Pierce administration, when he tendered his resig-
nation and resumed private practice. He has pub.,
in addition to minor productions: 1. Poems, 1839. 2.
2.
The Age of Gold, and other Poems, 1843, 16mo, pp. 160.
3. Lyric Poems, Sonnets, and Miscellanies, 1854, 16mo.
4. Eastford, or Household Sketches, by Wesley Brooke;
a Novel, 1855, 12mo, pp. 328. 5. Julia; a Poem, 1855,
16mo, pp. 104.
"The Age of Gold is a vigorous didactic and satirical poem on
the times. It is written in the good old heroic couplet of Dryden
and Pope. Mr. Lunt has mastered well the fine movement of this
species of verse, which most poets of the present age have deserted
for other kinds. This poem contains many excellently-pointed
couplets, several finished and brilliant descriptions, and a vein of
thought strongly and clearly brought out and weighty in its
character.”—N. Amer. Rev., Ivi. 252.
Let us ask the reader's attention especially to Mr.
Lunt's Autumn Musings, the Jewish Battle-Song, and
Pass on, Relentless World.
Lupset, Thomas, 1498-1532, an eminent scholar,
educated at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, and at Paris;
Preb. of Salisbury, 1530; pub. several theolog. treatises,
&c., 1520-42. His works were pub. 1546, 16mo; 1560,
16mo. See Athen. Oxon.; Tanner; Knight's Life of Col-
let; Dodd's Ch. Hist.
Lupton, Daniel, pub. several works upon tithes, other
theolog. treatises, &c., and the following, by which he is
best known: 1. Hist. of the Modern Protestant Divines,
&c., trans. from the Latin, Lon., 1637, 8vo, and small
12mo, with 22 portraits: see Churton's Life of Dean
Nowell. 2. The Glory of their Times; or, The Lives of
the Primitive Fathers, &c., 1640, 4to, 45 portraits; anon. :
very rare. See Granger's Biog. Hist. of Eng.; Brit. Biblio-
grapher.
Lupton, Mary Ann. Ada Gresham, Lon., 1853, 3
vols. p. 8vo.
Lupton, Thomas, wrote several works against the
Papists, &c., and A Thousand Notable Things, Lon., 1586,
4to, a collection of medical receipts, stories, &c. See
Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Lupton, William, D.D., Preb. of Durham, d. 1726,
pub. several occasional sermons, 1708-26; and a vol. of his
serms. was pub. in 1724, Svo; 1729, Svo. Nelson styles
his sermons
"A fit model for the preachers of the rising generation."
And they are also commended by Dr. Waterland.
Lupture. Hints on Manures, Lon., 1828, 8vo.
Lurce. Acts of Parliament, 1797, 2 vols. 8vo.
Luria, J. Serm., 1803, '08, Svo.
Lurting, Thomas. His Conversion, 1710, 12mo.
Luscombe, Michael Henry Thornhill, LL.D.,
d. 1816; consecrated a Bishop of the Episcopal Church
of Scotland, 1825; Chaplain to the British Embassy to
Paris from 1826 until his death; pub. a vol. of Serms.,
trans. from the French, by Protestant divines on the
by Protestant divines on the
Continent, Lon., 1825, Svo; The Pleasures of Society, a
Poem; several single serms., and other small works. He
was the projector of, and a contributor to, the Chris-
tian Remembrancer. See Lon. Gent. Mag., Nov. 1846, 539.
Lush, Charles. Laws rel. to Riots, &c., 1794.
Lush, Robert. 1. Abolition of Arrest, &c., Lon.,
1838, 12mo. 2. Law of Wills, &c., 1838, 12mo. 3. Prac.
Sup. Cts. of Law, &c., 1840, Svo; 1857, Svo: an excellent
work. See 24 Law Mag., 389; 21 Leg. Obs., 53; 8 N.
Law Mag., 319; 4 Jurist, 804; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 480.
4. Saunders's (J. S.) Law of Pleading, &c.; 2d ed., 1851,
2 vols. 8vo; 5th Amer. ed., 1851, 3 vols. 8vo.
Lushington, Charles, M.P, 1. Hist. of Calcutta's
Lushington, Henry. 1. A Great Country's Little
Wars; or, England, Afghanistan, and Scinde, Lon., 1854,
p. Svo.
"The last book on this horrible tragedy is that of Mr. Lushing
ton, and, in point of ability, the best.-the best in composition,
the best for nobility of principle, for warning, for reproach."-
Blackwood's Mag.
2. La Nation Boutiquière, and other Poems, chiefly
political, and Points of War, by Franklin Lushington,
both in 1 vol. fp. 8vo, 1855: see Lon. Examiner, Aug.
18, 1855. 3. Two Battle Pieces, 1855, er. Svo. The last-
named work is ascribed to Henry and Franklin in the
London Catalogue. Henry Lushington died about 1855.
Lushington, Mrs. S. The Sea Spirit, and other
Poems, Lon., 1850, 12mo.
Lushington, Thomas, 1590-1661, Preb. of Salis-
bury, 1631; Rector of Burnham-Westgate, Norfolk, 1632.
1. The Expiation of a Sinner, in a Comment. upon the
Epistle to the Hebrews, Lon., 1646, fol.
"Learned and judicious, plain, and very profitable."- Joas
DOWNAME.
But R. Porter, in his book entitled God Incarnate, (1655,)
censures the work as Socinian in its doctrines. It is said
to be a trans. from Crellius, with alterations and addi-
tions. 2. Comment. on the Epistle to the Galatians,
1650, fol.; also a trans. from Crellius. 3. Logica Ana-
lytica, &c., 1650, Svo. 4. The Resurrection Vindicated,
in two serms.. 1659, 12mo. The first of these serms. was
repub. in 1711, Svo.
"It is a curious performance, exhibiting astonishing proofs of
banter and levity."-Watt's Bill. Brit., q. v.
Lushington, V. Right and Duty of War, 1855, 12mo.
Lushington, William. The Interests of Agricul-
ture and Commerce inseparable, Lon., 1808, 8vo.
Lusignan, S. 1. Revolt of Ali Bey, Lon., 1783,
8vo. 2. Voyage and Journey from England to Smyrna,
1788, 2 vols. 8vo.
C
Luson, Hewling. 1. Wretchedness, &c. of the
Poor, Lon., 1786, Svo. 2. Conciliation on the Present
War, 1797, 8vo.
Luttrell, Edward. Gangrene; Memoirs Med., 1792.
Luttrell, Henry, gained some reputation as a poet,
and more as a witty and sparkling conversationalist.
His principal poetical production -Advice to Julia; A
Letter in Rhyme-was pub. in 1820; 3d ed. Letters to
Julia, in Rhyme, with Lines written at Ampthill Park, 2d
ed., 1822,
P. Svo.
“His Advice to Julia is pointed, witty, and full of observation,
showing in every line a knowledge of society, and a tact rarely
met with."-Lord Byron's Conversations with the Countess of Bles-
sington, q. v.
"Read Letters to Julia-said to be by Mr. Luttrell. Very witty
and sparkling-more French than English, though hudibrastic in
the measure and manner. Rather too witty, and the wisdom
rather fude, but the production of an able mind, and belonging to
a highly civilized and cultivated and not bad state of society."-
Portfolio of a Man of the World: Lon. Gent. Mag., 1845, Pt. 2, 578.
"The Advice to Julia is the longest-but, to my mind. the worst
of Mr. Luttrell's poems. The verses on Ampthill Park, and ou
Rogers's Seat at Holland House, are full of ingenious thought and
lively and happy expression.”—Moore's Memoirs, dc., Lon., 1953,
vol. ii. 300, n.; and see Index, vol. viii., for many notices of
Luttrell.
"He is a poct of very exquisite powers."-Blackw. Mag., vii. 520
-527, q. v.
"One of the most accomplished men in all England, a wit and a
scholar.”—TICKLER, in Nocles Ambros., April, 1827: Blackw. Mag,
xxi. 456.
"He is a most agreeable member of society, the best sayer of
good things and the most epigrammatic conversationalist I ever
met."-LORD BYRON: ubi supra.
"Few inen were better known, thirty years ago, in the world of
fashion, than Henry Luttrell. The best man to make the table
pleasant, to bring smiles to hostesses' lips, to restore the lost threa.
of conversation, to say good things as no other man could attempt,
and to render mediocre stories in better style than anybody else.'
—Irish Quar. Rev., Sept. 1853, 662–665, q. v.
Luttrell, Narcissus, d. 1732, of the ancient family
of the Luttrells of Dunstar Castle, Somersetshire, was
noted, in his lifetime, for his passion for book-collecting,
and has become known to the present generation by his
Brief Historical Relation of State Affairs, from Septem-
ber, 1678, to April, 1714, Oxford Univ. Press, 1857, 6 vols.
Svo, with a copious
Svo, with a copious Index. Printed from the original
MSS., in 17 vols. sm. 4to, in the Library of All Souls' Col-
lege. For the publication of this work we are indebted to
Lord Macaulay's many references to it in his recently,
1144
LUT
LYD
published History of England, vols. iii. and iv This
"valuable manuscript," as Lord Macaulay justly terms it,
is thought by some readers to make a very dry book:
"From what had been said we were induced to believe that, like
the Diaries of Pepys and Evelyn, the Diary of Narcissus Luttrell
would, when fully brought to light, clear up many passages of
history otherwise obscure, and, taking us bebind the scenes, show
us the actors divested of buckram and tinsel, and without those
trappings which modern writers had invested them with. But
this expectation has not been realized. The volumes contain more
than four thousand pages of what the editor—if there be one-terms
'a brief relation of state affairs;' but which brief relations,' from
the way they are jumbled together in the same page, remind us
very forcibly of the Stoke-Pogis shop-list, which contained a goodly
assortment of Bibles, bear's grease, pickles, poetry, godly books,
and gimlets."—Lon. Gent. Mag., June, 1857, 694–698, 9. V.
"When we speak of the Diary of Narcissus Luttrell, let us at
once warn our readers from expecting much. They will, in such
case, be sorely disappointed. There is nothing in it of the de-
lectable conceit of Coryat. . We cannot, however, dismiss Nar-
cissus Luttrell without the acknowledgment that he has, by his
industry and perseverance, rendered some service to those engaged
in historical inquiries. . . . There is in him no charming trace of
'that sportive wit
That heals the folly which it deigns to hit;'
•
For notices of Luttrell and his curious collection of
books, see Hearne's Diary; Scott's edit. of Dryden's
Works; Dibdin's Lib. Comp.; Lon. Athen., Jan. 7, 1857,
53. See, also, A Genealogical Account of the Family of
Luttrell, Lotterel, or Lutterell, Milborne Port, 1774, 4to:
privately printed.
Lutwidge, Charles Henry. 1. Popular System
of Divinity, Lon., 1828, 12mo. 2. Serm., Hull, 1834,
8vo.
Lutwyche, A. J. P. 1. Principles of Pleading the
General Issue, Lon., 1842, 12mo. An excellent work: see
2 N. Law Mag., 582; 16 Leg. Obs., 279; 2 Jurist, 701;
Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 481. 2. Reports of Election Cases,
1843, vol. i., r. Svo; vol. ii., Pts. 1 to 5, 1844-50.
Lutwyche, Sir Edward, Judge of the Ct. of Com-
mon Pleas temp., James II. Reports 34 Car. II.-3 Anne,
1682-1704; in French and Latin, Lon., 1704, 2 vols. fol.;
trans. by Wm. Nelson, in English, 1718, fol.; also, 1718,
2 vols. 8vo.
"The two cases cited from Lutwyche are very material; for pre-
cedents which have prevailed for a century past are strong to
show what the Common Law is," &c.-BULLER, J.
"Nelson is a truly whimsical and splenetic, but learned, anno-
tator."- Warren's Law Stu., 2d ed., 1845, 717, n.
See also Nelson's Pref., 2 T. R., 630; S Bing., 531; 18
Viner's Abr., Pref.; Marvin's Leg. Bibl., 481; Wallace's
Reporters, 3d ed., 1855, 244.
Lyall, William Rowe, D.D., Archdeacon of Col-
chester, Co-Dean of Bocking, and Rector of Hadleigh,
but he, nevertheless, may be studied with profit, if not with plea- Suffolk. Propædia Prophetica: a View of the Use and
sure.”—Lon. Athen., May 16, 1857, 621–624, q. v.
Design of the Old Test., with two Disserts., Lon., 1840,
8vo; 1854, 8vo.
"A most luminous display of evidence derived from prophecy,
and no less clear in its style than convincing in its reasoning."-
Ch. of Eng. Quar. Rer.
Lutwyche, Thomas. See 9 Modern Reports.
Lux, William. Poems, Oxon., 1719, Sro.
Luxborough, Lady. See KNIGHT, RT. HON. H.
Luxford, George, 1807-1854, Lecturer on Botany
at St. Thomas's Hospital, 1846-1851, was a native of
Surrey. A Flora of the Neighbourhood of Reigate, Lon.,
1837-38, 12mo. Mr. L. was editor of The Phytologist,
1841-54, for some years sub-editor of the Westminster
Review, and, at one time, connected with the Globe news-
paper. See Address of Thomas Bell, Esq., &c. before
The Linnean Society, London, May 24, 1855, 1855, Svo,
pp. 16.
Luxmore, John, D.D., d. 1830, Bishop of Bristol,
1807, trans. to Hereford, 180S, and to St. Asaph, 1815. 1.
Concio, 1806, '07, 4to. 2. Charge, 1808, Svo. 3. Serm.,
1811, 4to.
Luxmore, Thomas. Med. Works, 1805–09, &c.
Luxmore, William. Hydropic Patients, &c., 1792,
Hydropic Patients, &c., 1792,
'96.
Luxton, John. Elements of Rhetoric, 1811, Svo.
Luyken. Historical Cuts to the Bible.
"The first impressions are scarce."-Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Lyall, A. 1. A Review of the Principles of Neces-
sary and Contingent Truth, in reference chiefly to the
Doctrines of Hume and Reid, Lon. 2. Agonistes; or,
Philosophical Strictures, 1856, cr. Svo. Dedicated to
Archdeacon Lyall.
think, may in all cases be safely depended on, even where hi
opinions are open to objection; and his work, accordingly, seems
..
to us much more valuable for the facts it contains than for the
results which it seeks to embody. It contains many curious
and entertaining particulars; but it is a great deal too long and
too minute. However, there is a great deal of curious reading
for curious readers; and the plates with which the work is illus
trated and embellished are for the most part very beautiful.”-
LORD JEFFREY: Elin. Rev., xl. 476–494.
Dr. Lyall's work did not meet with much favour at the
Russian court:
Lyall, Robert, M.D., pub. some horticultural papers
in Nic. Jour.. 1809, '10, '11, a Treatise on Medical Evi-
dence Relative to Pregnancy, Lon., Svo, and the two
following works: 1. The Character of the Russians, and
a Detailed list. of Moscow, 1823, 4to; £4 14s. 6d.
...
"This work is forbidden because it is hostile to Russia and writ
ten against the Government and the whole Russian nation."-
Emp. Alexander's Ukuse.
2. Travels in Russia, 1825, 2 vols. 8vo.
"Dr. Lyall has not only seen both sides of the shield, but ela
mined into its inner structure."-Edin. Rev.
Lyall, Rev. William, Free College, Halifax, Nova
Scotia. Intellect, the Emotions, and the Moral Nature,
Lon., 1855, Svo.
Mr. Lyall's book, by the elegance of its style and clearness of
its language, will do much to purge away our foreign errors.”—Lon
Atlus.
"An original, deep, and powerful argument on the grounds on
which Christian evidence rests.”—Brit. Critic.
"Will take its place among the first efforts of our apologetic
theory."—Brit. Mag.
(i
The work of a hard, patient, original, and powerful thinker."
-Lon. Chris. Rememb.
"A very valuable book, by an acute, learned, and powerful
writer." See Prof. Smyth's Evid. of Christianity.
Dr. Lyall is one of the contributors to the Pictorial
Hist. of Greece, cr. 8vo, and the editor of the Theological
Library, 15 vols. 12mo:
|
"Useful Biography and Ecclesiastical History."-Bickersteth's
C. S.
Lydal, Thomas. Arithmetick, Lon., 1710, Svo.
Lydcott, E. Prodigal Returned, 1684, Svo.
Lyde, Richard. His Life, Lon., 1731, 8vo.
Lyde, Robert. Retaking a Ship, 1693, 4to.
Lyde, Rev. S. The Ansyreeh and Ishmaeleeh: a
Visit to the Secret Sects of Northern Syria, Lon., 1853,
Svo.
"His pages furnish a very good illustration of the present state
of some of the least-known parts of Syria."-Lon. Athen, 1853,
1030.
Lyde, William. See Joyner.
Lydgate, John, a monk of the Benedictine Abbey
of Bury St. Edmund's, supposed to have been born about
1375, was ordained a sub-deacon in 1389, a deacon in
1393, a priest in 1897, arrived at his greatest eminence
as a poet about 1430, and died, as is supposed, about
1461. After pursuing his studies at Oxford, he travelled
in France and Italy: returning home, fraught with all
the learning of the Europeans, he opened a school in his
monastery, and, when not engaged with his pupils, amused
himself by writing poetry. That he did not restrict him-
self in the use of his pen may be inferred from the fact
that Ritson enumerates no less than two hundred ana
fifty-one of his pieces, and seems to have lost his
patience before be finished his catalogue, as he concluder
the list by calling him a "voluminous, prosaick, and
drivelling monk." See Ritson's Bibliog. Poet., ii. 66-90.
His best-known works are: 1. The Story of Thebes;
printed by Spight in his ed. of Chaucer. 2. The Fall
of Princes; or, Boke of Johan Bochas; 1st ed. by Pyn-
son, 1494, and several eds. since. That printed by John
Wayland, large paper, 155S, fol., bound by Clarke, has
been recently marked at £8 18s. 6d. in Joseph Lilly's
Catalogue.
"This work is not improperly styled a set of tragedies. It ie
not merely a narrative of nen eminent for their rank and misfor-
tunes: the plan is perfectly dramatic, and partly suggested by the
pageants of the times. Every personage is supposed to appear
before the poet, and to relate his respective sufferings: and the
figures of these spectres are sometimes finely drawn."-WARTON:
Hist. of Eng. Puel.
Princes as since the tyme of King Richard the Seconde
At the end is a single leaf, "A Memorial of suche
has been unfortunate in the realme of England," having
at the back"The copy of the Queene's Majesties Letters
Patentes, for the printing of Prymers and Manuals of
Prayers, &c."
"We do not exactly know whether this book of Dr. Lyall's will
be thought the best which has yet been published on Russia; but
we are pretty certain that no other English writer has either had
3. The Hystory, Siege, and Dystruceyon of Troye; 1st
the same opportunities to make a good one, or shown a better ed., printed by Pynson, 1513, fol. More correctly printed
disposition to make use of his advantages. . . . His testimony, we
His testimony, we | by Marshe, 1555, sm. fol.
1145
LYD
LYE
"Warton, in his History of English Poetry, speaks with great
praise of this famous old poem, for its rich and splendid descrip-
tions of rural beauty,' its elegance of sentiment and expression,
<
'the strength and spirit of its descriptions of combats,' its touches
of feudal life and manners and the practices of chivalry, its exhi-
bition of a multitude of Oriental fictions and Arabian traditions,'
'its anecdotes of ancient architecture and dramatic exhibitions,'
and, what is more curious, its evident allusion to the circulation of
the blood. Copies have been sold as high as £11 11s.”
1605, Svo-he attacked several of the positions of the
renowned Scaliger. The latter treated his adversary
with great contempt. (see Scalig. Epist., 291;) but Lydiat,
nothing daunted, followed up his blows, and in bis Defensic
Tractatus de Variis Annorum formis, contra Jos. Seali-
gerum, (1607, 8vo,) and his Emendatio Temporum, (1609,
Svo,) carried the war on the Scaligerian Chronology quite
into Africa: so, at least, thought Usher, if Wood is to be
4. The Life and Death of Hector, his most Famous Acts credited. His Canones Chronologice was pub. at Oxford,
at the Siege of Troy, 1614, fol.
1675, 8vo. To Wood's Athen. Oxon., the Genl. Dict.,
Usher's Life and Letters, Fuller's Worthies, and Hallam's
Lit. Hist. of Europe, we must refer the reader who desiret
to know more of this eminent scholar and loyal subject.
"He was a person of small stature, yet of great parts, and of a
public soul; and, though a poor and contemptible priest to look
upon, (for so he was held by the vulgar,) yet he not only puzzled
Christop. Clavius, and the whole college of mathematicians, but
also that Goliath of literature, Joseph Scaliger,-who, when he was
worsted by our author's writings, (though he would never acknow-
ledge it, howbeit great men, particularly the famous Usher, held
him, in a scornful manner, a beggarly, beardless, and gelt priest."
it for granted.) he betook himself unmanly to his tongue, by calling
Woon: Athen. Oxom., Bliss's ed., iii. 187.
"This modern versification from the heroic couplet into six-line
stanzas is generally attributed to T. Heywood: Fuller and other
writers, mistaking it for the original, are amazed that the language
is so much more intelligible than that of Chaucer."-MS. nole by
Dr. Farmer in a copy of the above.
Of his minor poems perhaps the London Lyckpenny
is one of the best, and is not without value as a picture
of London customs in the early part of the fifteenth cen-
tury. Bishop Percy treats Lydgate with contempt; Ritson
ridicules his "cart-loads" of poetical rubbish, and other-
wise insults his memory, as we have seen; and Pinkerton
considers him very stupid: but, on the other hand, Gray
esteemed him highly; Coleridge vindicates his merits;
Turner says that he has been oftener abused than read;"
and Warton, the greatest critic of all, with the exception
of Gray, devotes to the monk time, space, and commenda-
tion:
(<
"On the whole, I am of opinion that Lydgate made considerable
addition to those amplifications of our language in which Chaucer,
Gower, and Occleve led the way; and that he is the first of our
writers whose style is clothed with that perspicuity in which the
English phraseology appears this day to an English reader. To
enumerate Lydgate's pieces would be to write the catalogue of a
little library. No poet seems to have possessed a greater versatility
of talent. He moves with equal ease in every mode of composi-
tion. . . . His muse was of universal' access; and he was not only
the poet of his monastery, but of the world in general. . . . His
manner is naturally verbose and diffuse. This circumstance con-
tributed in no small degree to give a clearness and a fluency to his
phraseology. For the same reason he is often tedious and languid.
His chief excellence is in description.-especially where the subject
admits of a flowery diction. He is seldom pathetic or animated."
-Hist. of Eng. Puet.
See Index to ed. of 1840.
See also Brydges's Phillips's Theat. Poet. Anglic.; Ful-
ler's Worthies; Cens. Lit.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.; Chas.
Knight's Life of Caxton; Dibdin's Lib. Comp.; Ellis's
Specimens; Hallam's Lit. Hist. of Europe.
"Among the immediate successors of Chaucer, in England, the
celebrated John Lydgate is confessedly the most tolerable."-Ellis's
Specimens, ed. Lon., 1845, i. 223–241.
"Occleve and Lydgate, with equal popularity, but with merit
incalculably inferior, supported the renown of English poetry after
the death of Chaucer.”—SIR WALTER SCOTT: Edin. Rev., iv. 158.
"After the death of Chaucer, in 1400, a dreary blank of long
duration occurs in our annals. The poetry of Hoccleve is wretch-
edly bad, abounding with pedantry and destitute of all grace or
spirit. Lydgate, the monk of Bury, nearly of the same age, prefers
doubtless a higher claim to respect. An easy versifier, he seemed
to make poetry familiar to the many, and may sometimes please
the few. Gray-no light authority-speaks more favourably of
Lydgate than either Warton or Ellis, or than the general com-
plexion of his poetry would induce most readers to do. But great
poets have often the taste to discern and the candour to acknow-
ledge those beauties which are latent amidst the tedious dulness
of their brethren. Lydgate, though probably a man of inferior
powers of mind to Gower, has more of the minor qualities of a
poet his lines have sometimes more spirit, more humour, and he
describes with more graphic minuteness. But his diffuseness be-
comes generally feeble and tedious; the attention fails in the
school-boy stories of Thebes and Troy; and he had not the judg-
ment to select and compress the prose narratives from which he
commonly derived his subjects. It seems highly probable that
Lydgate would have been a better poet in satire upon his own
times, or delineation of their manners.-themes which would have
gratified us much more than the fate of princes."-Hallam's Lil.
Hist. of Europe, 4th ed., 1854, i. 125–126,
Lydiat, Thomas, 1572-1646, a native of Oxford-
shire, educated at and Fellow of New College, Oxford,
obtained the living of Okerton, where he lived happily
enough in the midst of his books, until he was thrown
into the King's Bench prison in consequence of his
inability to pay some debts for which he had become
security to oblige a relation. After his release, through
the intervention of Archbishop Usher and Sir William
Boswell, who discharged the debt for which he was held
captive, he suffered greatly in consequence of his coura-
geous adhesion to Charles I. His unhappy experience
His unhappy experience
has been commemorated by Dr. Johnson in the Vanity
of Human Wishes:
"If charms yet flatter, once again attend:
Hear Lydiat's life, and Galileo's end."
|
He was a man of profound learning, and pub. several
chronological and astronomical works, in the first of
which-Tractatus de variis Annorum formis, &c., Lon.,
1146
"Learned men of unbiassed judgment will maintain that Lydgate
had the best in that contest; but here it came to pass what Solo-
dom is despised, and his words are not heard.'"-Fuller's Worthies,
mon had long before observed :— Nevertheless the poor man's wis-
ed. 1840, iii. 22.
Doubtless the reader feels some curiosity to read the
complimentary remarks which Scaliger lavishes upon his
opponent:
"Ante aliquot dies tibi scripsi, ut scirem ex te quis sit Thomas
Lydiat iste, quo monstro nullum portentosius in vestra Anglia
natum puto; tanta est inscitia hominis et confidentia. Neseme'
quidem illi verum dicere accidit.... Non est similis morio in orbe
terrarum. Paucis asinitatem ejus perstringam ut lector rideat.
Nam in tam prodigiosè imperitum scarabæum scribere, neque nos
træ dignitatis est, neque oti.”—Scalig. Epist., 291.
He
Lydiatt, E. On Metals, &c.; Nic. Jour., 1812, '13.
Lye, Edward, 1694-1767, a native of Totness, Devon-
shire, educated at Hertford College, Oxford, took holy
orders in 1719, was presented to the living of Haughton-
Parva, Northamptonshire, which he exchanged for that
of Yardley Hastings, and devoted his leisure hours to the
cultivation of Anglo-Saxon literature. In 1743 he printed,
from the MS. in the Bodleian Library, the Etymologicum
Anglicanum of Francis Junius, (fol.,) to which he pre-
fixed an Anglo-Saxon Grammar, and prolegomena.
next gave to the world (with a Gothic Grammar prefixed)
Sacrorum Evangeliorum, Versio Gothica, 1750, 4to, (pre-
pared for the press by Eric Benzel, Archbishop of Upsal,)
and after this laboured with great assiduity, until his
death, on his Dictionarium Saxonico et Gothico-Latinum,
accedunt Fragmenta Versionis Ulphilanæ, which was
completed by his friend the Rev. Owen Manning, and
pub. five years after Lye's death, in 1772, 2 vols. fol. A
grammar of both languages is prefixed. A leading fea-
ture in this work is the exhibition of the Gothic equiva-
lents. This valuable Dictionary is now worth about the
price at which it was published, £3 38. For a further
account of Mr. Lye, see Nichols's Lit. Anec., vol. ix. 751-
753. See also Horne's Bibl. Bib., 1839, 56; Halbertsma's
Dissert. on the Friesic language, inserted in the Pref. to
Bosworth's Anglo-Saxon Dictionary on the Origin and
Connection of the Germanic Tongues, p. xxxviii.; Pethe-
ram's Hist. Sketch of the Progress and Present State of
Anglo-Saxon Lit. in England, 1840.
Lye, Thomas, Minister of All-Hallow's, Lombard
Street, London, before the ejection of 1662. 1. Serm.,
Lon., 1660, 4to. 2. Serm., 1662, 4to.
Book, 1677, 8vo. 4. Serm., 1681, 4to.
2. Serm., 1662, 4to. 3. New Spelling-
Lyell, Charles, 1767-1849, a native of Forfar, Scot-
land, an eminent scholar and distinguished botanist,
educated at the College of St. Andrew's and at the Uni-.
versity of Cambridge, is known to the literary world by a
translation of the lyrical poems of Dante, and an essay on
The Anti-Papal Spirit of Dante. His collection of the
various edits. of Dante and his commentators excited
the wonder and admiration of bibliographers, and his
botanical library was equally the delight of naturalists.
See Lon. Gent. Mag., Jan. 1850, 90. The genus of plants
Lyellin was named after the subject of our notice, (by Mr.
Robert Brown and Sir W. J. Hooker,) and Professor
Lindley dedicated works to the same gentleman.
Lyell, Sir Charles, b. November 14, 1797, at Kin-
nordy, Forfarshire, son of the preceding, after completing
his education at Exeter College, Oxford, devoted some
attention to the study of the law, but soon abandoned
Coke and Blackstone for the more congenial pursuit in
which he has gained such distinguished reputation. In
1832 he was appointed Professor of Geology in King's
LYE
LYE
College, London, but did not long retain this position; in
the same year he was married to the eldest daughter of
the late Leonard Horner, Esq.; in 1836, and also in 1850,
he was elected President of the Geological Society; in
1848 he was knighted, and in 1855 received the degree
of D.C.L. from the University of Oxford. Sir Charles
has given to the world the following works: 1. Principles
of Geology; or, The Modern Changes of the Earth and
its Inhabitants as illustrative of Geology: vol. i., 1830; ii.,
1832; iii., 1833. Second eds. of vols. i. and ii. were called
for before the appearance of vol. iii. The 3d ed. of the
whole work was pub. in 1834, 4 vols. 12mo; 4th ed., 1835,
4 vols. 12mo; 5th ed., 1837; 6th ed., 1847, 8vo; 7th ed.,
1849, 8vo; 8th ed., 1850, Svo; 9th ed., 1853, 8vo.
|
"We cannot but express our obligations to him for the great
addition he has made in the present volume to our knowledge of
nature, and the beneficial influence it is likely to have in com-
municating a right direction and a philosophical spirit of induction
to geological inquiries."-SIR HENRY THOMAS DE LA BECHE: Lon.
Quar. Rev., Ixiii. 411-469; review of vol. i.
CC
"It is very interesting and amusing, and should be read by every
one who takes an interest in this rising branch of natural history."
-Jamieson's Philosophical Journal: notice of vol. i.
"This is a work of no ordinary mind. It bears deeply stamped
upon it the impress of talent. knowledge, and research; and. in-
dependent of the interesting and important nature of the subject,
the depth and general justness of the author's views come recom-
mended to us by the perspicuous and elegant language in which
they are clothed. . . . We cannot conclude this notice of the volume
without strongly recommending it."-Lon. Athenaeum: notice of
vol. i.
"No one, twenty years ago, would have conceived it possible that
a work on the principles of geology should appear replete with dis-
cussions such as those into which Professor Lyell here enters..
This interesting and instructive volume."-Dr. WM. WHEWELL:
Lon. Quar. Rev., xlvii. 103-132: review of vol. ii.
"The eloquent Lyell."-Prescott's Hist, of the Cong, of Mexico,
23d ed., Bost., 1855, iii. 375, n.: preface to an extract from vol. ii.,
1832, p. 121.
A review of the 3d ed. of the whole work, by Dr. Whe-
well, will be found in the Lon. Quar. Rev., liii. 406-448,
and a review of the 8th ed.—we know not by whom-occurs
in the Lon. Quar. Rev., 1xxxix. 412-451. We need not
say that these papers should be read through, if the reader
desire to know what impression the author has made on
the mind of his critics. The Principles of Geology was
not reviewed in the Edinburgh Review,-not, however,
from the want of a due appreciation of the merits of the
author: that periodical refers to it, in a review of the Ele-
ments of Geology, as
•
"One of the most popular books ever published in England on
the principles of that fascinating department of natural science,
and certainly one of the most valuable that has appeared since Mr.
Playfair's well-known Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory."-
Vol. 1xix. 400.
•
·
"How distinctly the general tendency of these volumes [Prin-
ciples of Geology] is to open up new, interesting, and expansive
views of the mighty work of creative intelligence! No reader
can peruse it without being deeply impressed by the fresh and
striking proofs it affords, in every page, of the Almighty Power,
Wisdom, and Goodness."-DR. WHEWELL: Lon. Quar. Rev., liii. 448.
·
productions than some of those in a [this] review," &c.-Elin Ret
Ixix. 407.
"The two works to which we have now referred [The Princip.es
of Geology, and the Elements of Geology] placed our author in
the very highest rank & geological writers. Distinguished by the
elegance and vigour of their style, by the extensive knowledge
which they display and the grand generalizations which they ad-
and raised geology to its present position as one of the most into
vocate. these volumes have extended the reputation of their author,
resting of the inductive sciences."-North Brit. Rec.
2. Elements of Geology, 1838, 12mo; 2d ed., 1847, 2
vols. 12mo; 3d ed., pub. as A Manual of Elementary Geo-
logy, or The Ancient Changes of the Earth and its In-
habitants as illustrated by its Geological Monuments,
1851, Svo; 4th ed., 1852, Svo; 5th ed., 1855, 8vo. There
has been pub., within a few weeks past, Recent Discoveries
in Geology and Paleontology; being a Supp. to the 5th
ed. of the Manual of Elementary Geology, April 18, 1857.
"The author has given us a clear and condensed abstract of what
he conceives to form the proper Elements of his subject, and has
transfused into it not only the result of much reflection, but also a
great number of facts which to us were new.”—Edin. Rev., lxix.
406-466: review of 1st ed.
6
See also Lon. Month. Rev., exxiii. 28, cxxvii. 352.
Many valuable geological papers by Sir Charles Lyell
will be found in the Trans. Geolog. Soc.; Proceedings
Geolog. Soc.; Trans. of the Brit. Assoc. for the Advance-
ment of Science; Brewster's Jour. of Science.
“Mr. Buckland, Professor Sedgwick, and Sir Charles Lyell are
the most einiuent of the new school of geology which has sprung
up simultaneously in France and England, and which, by a strict
application of the Baconian method of philosophizing, has made
earth reveal the secret of its formation anterior to the race of inan,
by the remains imbedded in its bosom. A more fascinating inquiry
never was presented to the investigation of the philosopher; and it
derives additional interest to the Christian believer from the con-
firmation which it affords, at every step, of the Mosaic account, f
creation, and the truth of Holy Writ."-SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON.
Hist. of Europe, 1815, 1852, chap. v.
3. Travels in North America, [in 1841-42,] with Geolo-
gical Observations on the United States, Canada, ana
Nova Scotia, 1845, 2 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1855, 2 vols.
"None among its votaries has marked each movement more mi-
autely, or weighed its value and purpose more judiciously, than the
distinguished author of this Manual. He has indeed done his task
well, and both the beginner and the experienced investigator will
find his book an invaluable guide and companion."-Lon. Literary
Guzette, 1851, 87-88: notice of 3d ed.
And see p. 266 for a notice of Sir Charles's Anniversary
Address before the Geological Society, Feb. 1851.
"In eloquence of description and beauty of language, few works
of fiction excel Lyell's comprehensive work on Geology.”—Lord
LEIGH.
A review of the 3d ed. of this work, of the 8th ed. of
the Principles of Geology, and of Sir Charles's Anni-
versary Address before the Geological Society, Feb. 1851,
will be found in the Lon. Quar. Rev., 1xxxix. 412-451;
Silliman's Amer. Jour. of Science; Reports of the British
Assoc. Many of these papers treat of the geological
characteristics of various parts of the United States.
One of his best productions is a review (in the Lon. Quar.
Rev., xxxvi. 437-484) of G. P. Serope's Memoir on the
Geology of Central France, Lon., 1827.
"Few passages of greater excellence can be found in any of his
cr. 8vo.
“These volumes exhibit in a narrow compass more of the brighɩ
side of the American character and institutions than we have dis-
covered in the panegyrics of the most ardent democrats who have
visited the land of liberty. This effect is produced not only by the
hopeful, good-humoured, and unaffected tone in which the excellent
writer relates his adventures: the occurrences themselves tell their
own favourable story.”—Edin. Rev.: copied into the Bost. Liv. Age,
viii. 605–612.
Not reviewed in the Lon. Quar. Review; see vol. lxxxv.
183.
"Although, as we have already intimated, only a small part of
these volumes is made up from the materials of an ordinary book
of travels, yet as such it is none the worse because the author
came to inspect American rocks rather than American manners.
The remarks he does offer are so sensible and discriminating, so
evidently thrown out by one who possesses that rare knowledge,—
how to observe,—and who thinks for himself. that we only regret
that they are so few and cursory, and are a little provoked when
he cuts short his observations upon the current topics of the day
and falls to napping the chuckie stanes' again."-N. Amer. Rev.,
lxi. 498-51$.
“Mr. Lyell visited America not merely as a man of science or a
philosopher, but as a man of sense and of the world, eminently
imbued with qualifications to constitute him an astute observer."
— Lon. Lit. Gazette,
"We regard the work as one of the best books of travels that
has appeared for some years."-Lon. Spectator.
4. A Second Visit to the United States, [in 1845–46,]
1849, 2 vols. p. Svo; 2d ed., 1850, 2 vols. p. Svo; 3d ed.,
1855, 2 vols. cr. Svo.
"This is very pleasant, and at the same time very instructive,
reading. Sir Charles Lyell ranges, with great ease, liveliness, and
rapidity, over an infinite variety of subjects, religious, scientific,
politic, social,—from the most profound inquiries into the structure
of the immense continent of North America, and the institutions,
the resources, the destiny of the mighty nation which is spreading
over it with such unexampled activity, down to the lightest touches
of transatlantic character and manners. . . . Sir Charles Lyell's
present volumes will command the interest of the ordinary reader
in a much higher degree than his former valuable Tour, which we
take some shame to ourselves for not having reviewed in this
Journal.”—Lon. Quar. Rev.. lxxxv. 183–224.
“If books are now like the sea-sand, good and true books are
but as the rarer shells; and voyages and travels, having passed on
beyond the interest of mere discovery, are to be estimated by those
deeper qualities which make civilized nations acquainted with each
other. To this end judgment and candour are more than all the
arts of composition, and true candour is perhaps even more than
judgment. Sir Charles Lyell's books upon the inexhaustible field
of America are distinguished by both these qualities, but more
especially by the last, and are worthy therefore to be studied for
real increase of knowledge. They comprise observations upon
naturally attract the attention of a liberal and cultivated English-
every thing in that theatre of great experiments which would
man possessing those advantages of access and intercourse which
were at the command of a man not only eminent in science, but
conversant with the best society of Europe,—a gentloman by station
and a gentleman by nature. We believe these two books of Sir
C. Lyell's and Mr. Mackay's [The Western World; or, Travels in
the United States in 1846-47, 1849, 3 vols. p. Svo] to be the most
comprehensive, as well as impartial, that have been published in
England upon the United States. Sir C. Lyell is by nature and
habit a searcher after truth; and Mr. Mackay treats every subject
impressions to his readers."-Edin. Rev.. xcii. 359-370.
in the spirit of a man intent upon conveying faithful and correct
"We know of no books of modern travels so full of agreeablə
and useful reading, so pregnant with instruction respecting the
geology and physical geography of America, and so liberal and
candid in their judgments on all the social, political, and re-
There is no object too low for our author's notice, and none too
ligious questions which now everywhere agitate the public mind.
high for his grasp. Whatever warms the heart of the philan-
thropist, or excites the zeal of the missionary, or perplexes the
1147
LYF
LYN
genius of the statesman or exercises the intellect of the sage, calls
forth all his powers of observation, and rouses all his energies of
thought. The condition of the criminal and the slave, the edu-
cational instruction of the ignorant, the moral and religious
training of the people, the amelioration the condition of the
poor, and the equalization of political rights, are all advocated
with that earnestness and talent which seldom fail to advance the
object at which they aim.”—North Brit. Rev., vol. xiv.
"It is less as a book of travels that the Visit is to be regarded
than as an account of remarkable scenery and natural phenomena,
and a picture of manners and society. In both these points of
view Sir Charles Lyell possessed great advantages. He looks at
Nature with learned as well as pictorial eyes. IIe not only sees
her wonders and her beauties, but he knows their sources and
consequences, so that he informs as well as pleases the mind; and
we think this is done more agreeably than on his first journey.'
-Lom. Spectator: copied into Bost. Liv. Age, xxii. 170–175.
“We take leave of our intelligent and fair-minded author with
renewed thanks for the pleasure and instruction we have derived
from his book. His scientific observations are full of information
and entertainment, though we cannot always go along with him
in his themes; but the materials which he has brought together to
assist one in forming a correct view of the condition and prospects
of various portions of our country, and of the character of the
several classes of its inhabitants, are more complete and trust-
worthy than can be found in any single book of travels in America
with which we are acquainted."-PROF. FRANCIS BOWEN: N. Amer,
Rev., Ixix. 325-353.
G
See also Eclec. Rev., 4th ser., xviii. 464, xxvi. 349;
Fraser's Mag., xli. 564; Amer. Whig Rev., ii. 403; Ed-
ward Everett's Orations and Speeches, 1853, ii. 455, 458.
It will be seen by a reference to the N. Amer. Rev. for
July, 1851, p. 210,-art. J. F. W. Johnston's Notes on
North America,- that Professor Bowen contrasts Sir
Charles Lyell's Travels with Mr. Johnston's Notes very
much to the advantage of the former.
Lyford, Edward. A True Interpretation and Ety-
mologie of Christian Names, Lon., 1655, 12mo.
Lyford, William, 1598?-1653, a native of Berkshire,
Fellow of Magdalene College 1622, presented to the living
of Sherborne, Dorsetshire, was the author of a number of
serms. and theolog. treatises, pub. Lon., 1652-57. See
Athen. Oxon.; Fuller's Worthies; Bp. Kennett's Chroni-
cle; Lloyd's Memoirs; Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy.
His theological tracts
"Savour much of great piety, zeal, and sincerity to religion; but
withal they shew him to have been a zealous Calvinist.”—WOOD:
Allen. Ozon., Bliss's ed., iii. 345.
"His Cases of Conscience, propounded in the time of the Re-
belliou, is written with plainness, modesty, and impartiality." See
Bp. Kennett's Chronicle.
The modesty of his mind was legible in the comeliness of his
countenance, and the meekness of his spirit visible in his courteous
carriage."—Fuller's Worthies, ed. 1840, i. 134.
Lygon, R. Defrauded of an Estate, 4to.
Lyle, David. Short-hand Improved, 1761, 8vo.
"A curious but theoretical treatise."
Lyle, Thomas. Ancient Ballads and Songs, chiefly
from Tradition, Manuscripts, and Scarce Works: with
Biographical and Illustrative Notices, including Original
Poetry, Lon., 1827, Svo.
Lylie, Lylly, or Lyly. See LILLY.
Lyman, A. California and the Gold Diggings, Hart-
ford, 1852.
Lyman, A. S. Chart of Universal History, Phila.,
1845. New ed., 1857. Questions on this Chart were pub.
1845, 12mo. New ed., 1857, 12mo.
Lyman, Eliphalet, d. 1836, aged 81, minister of
South Woodstock, Conn., pub. two Discourses, with an
Appendix, 1794.
·
Lyman, Henry, a native of Northampton, Mass., d.
1834, aged 24, a missionary, killed, with Mr. Munson, by
the Battahs, at Sumatra, pub. Condition of Females in
Pagan Countries.
Lyman, Joseph, D.D., minister of Hatfield, Mass.,
3. 1828, aged 78, pub. eighteen occasional serms., 1787-
1821. See Sprague's Anuals; Amer. Quar. Reg., xii. 339;
Chris. Discip., iii. 380.
|
Lyman, S. P. Life and Memorials of Daniel Web-
ster, N. York, 1853, 2 vols. 16mo; 1855, 2 vols. in one,
16mo.
Lyman, Theodore, 1792-1849, a native of Boston,
graduated at Harvard College 1810, was Mayor of
Boston 1834-35, and held several military and civil ap-
pointments. 1. Three Weeks in Paris, 1814. 2. The
Political State of Italy, Bost., 1820, 8vo. 3. Oration,
July 4, 1820. 4. Account of the Hartford Convention,
1823. In favour of that demonstration. 5. The Diplo-
macy of the United States with Foreign Nations, 1826,
8vo, pp. 379.
"A valuable summary of this important and interesting part of
the history of the United States. ... The work evinces through-
out much industry and research."-T. PITKIN: N. Amer. Rev.,
xxiv. 92-110.
"It is an admirable treatise, which we recommend to the youth
of our country."-Edin. Encyc., Amer. ed.
See Loring's Hundred Boston Orators, 391-392.
Lyman, William, D.D., minister of Haddam, Conn.,
and China, New York, d. 1833, aged about 70, pub. four
occasional Serms., 1806, '07, '10.
Lynacer. See LINACRE.
Lynch, Anne Charlotte, now Mrs. Botta, wife
of Vincenzo Botta, formerly a professor in the University of
Turin, is a native of Bennington, Vermont. A vol. of her
poems, illustrated from designs by Durand, Huntingdon,
and others, was pub., N. York, 1848, 8vo. She has also con-
tributed many essays and tales to the Democratic Review,
the New York Mirror, &c., and to The Diadem and The
Gift, (Annuals.) One of the best-known of her prose
compositions-Leaves from the Diary of a Recluse--ap-
peared in The Gift for 1845. In 1841, she edited The
Rhode Island Book, and included in the collection several
of her own poems. Few American writers have been amoro
enthusiastically commended than the subject of this notice.
See Griswold's Female Poets of America; T. B. Read's
Female Poets of America; Caroline May's American
Female Poets; Hart's Female Prose Writers of America
Mrs. Hale's Woman's Record; Poe's Literati; The Female
Poets of America, (by Mrs. E. F. Ellet,) in N. Amer. Rev.,
lxviii. 433-434.
Lynch, Bernard. Guide to Health, 1744, '54, Svo.
Lynch, F. J., M.D. Lett. to J. Sullivan, 1808, Svo.
Lynch, John. Serm., Lon., 1637, 4to.
Lynch, John, D.D., titular Bishop of Killala, a K.
Catholic divine, pub. several theolog. treatises, of which
the following are the best-known:
1. Cambrensis Eversus; seu potius Historica Fides, in
rebus Hibernicis, Giraldo Cambrensi Abrogata, &c., 1662,
fol. Formerly worth £15 to £20. Edited, with an Eng-
lish trans. and Notes, by the Rey, M. Kelly, 1848, r. 8vo.
"He (John Lynch) published this book in defence of his coun-
try, against the fabulous and malicious reports made of it by
Gerald Barry, and with a judicious and sharp pen he exposeth the
numberless mistakes, falsehoods, and calumnies of that writer."-
SIR J. WARE.
2. Alithinologia, sive Veredica, &c., 1664, 4to.; Supp.,
1667, 4to.
"One of the dearest and most rare of all the Irish tracts."-MR.
GRENVILLE.
D
"Of infinitely greater rarity than the preceding."—Dildin's Lib.
Comp.
3. Pii Anstistitis Icon, &c., 1669, 12mo.
• •
"Perhaps the very rarest of all Lynch's pieces. Who shall
have the courage to set a price on such a piece of biography?"—
Dildin's Lib. Comp., q. v., and authorities there cited.
Lynch, John, D.D., Dean of Canterbury. Serms.,
Lon., 1736, 4to.
Lynch, Sir Thomas H. Laws of Jamaica passed
in 1684, 1684, fol.
Lynch, Thomas J. Wrong Charged, &c., 1850, Svo.
Lynch, W. 1. Election in Ireland, Dubl., 1821, 8vo.
2. Legal Institutions, &c. in Ireland, 1830, Svo. 3. Pre-
scrip. Baronies of Ireland, 1835, fol.
•
Lynch, W. F., United States Navy. 1. Narrative
of the United States Expedition to the River Jordan and
the Dead Sea, Phila., 1849, 8vo, $3; 12mo, $1 j 9th ed.,
revised, 1853, 8vo. A most interesting work, the sale of
which, in America, had reached 23,000 copies (15,000 Svo,
S000 12mo) by 1853,-four years after the first publication.
The London eds. were pub. 1849, r. 8vo; 1850, r. 8vo;
1852, r. Svo; 1853, p. 8vo; 1855, p. 8vo.
"At a recent meeting in the Academy of Sciences, at Peris, M.
Boussingault, while analyzing some bottles of water brought from
the Dead Sea, declared that Commander Lynch's Expedition had
thrown more light on the climate and topography of that regio.
than any the world has as yet seen, although within the last
twenty years many bold travellers have explored that singular
lake."
See JENKINS, JOHN S., No. 11; Bayard Taylor's Cyc. of
Modern Travel, 1856.
"It is for the learned to comment on the facts we have laboriously.
collected. Upon ourselves the result is a decided one. We entered
upon the sea with conflicting opinions. One of the party was skep-
tical; another, I think, a professed unbeliever of the Mosaic account.
After twenty-two days' close investigation, if I am not mistaken,
we are unanimous in the conviction of the truth of the scriptural
account of the destruction of the cities of the plain. I record, wi h
diffidence, the conclusions we have reached, simply as a protest
against the shallow deductions of would-be unbelievers." Com
MANDER LYNCH: Narrative, dic., 1853, 380.
2. Naval Life: The, Midshipman; or, Observations
Afloat and Ashore, N. York, 1851, 12mo. Highly com
mended.
Lynche, R. Historical Treat. of the Travels of Noah
into Europe; containing the first Inhabitation and Peo-
pling thereof, 1602, 4to.
1148
LYN
LYS
Lynd, James, Prof. of Belles-Lettres in Delaware
College. 1. First Book of Etymology, Phila., 1847,
12mo: sale to 1852, 51,000 copies. Republished, under
the title of Thomas's (Joseph, M.D.) First Book of Ety-
mology, 1852, 12mo: sale to August, 1857, 19,000 copies.
2. Class-Book of Etymology, 1847, 12mo; revised ed.,
1852, 12mo: sale to August, 1857, 22,000 copies. To
these valuable works should be added John Oswald's
Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, re-
vised by J. M. Keagy, M.D.; new ed., by Joseph Tho-
mas, M.D.; with a Key by James Lynd, 1852, 12mo.
The preceding vols. (pub. by E. C. & J. Biddle, Phila.)
are used in the public schools of Boston, N. York, Phila.,
&c. The value of such aids to an accurate knowledge of
the English language can hardly be overestimated. If
our public speakers, and newspaper and other editors,
would master their contents, we should have fewer of-
fences against philological propriety.
Lyndall, Samuel. Serms., 1805, 8vo.
Lynde, Sir Humphrey, 1579-1636, the author of
Via Tuta, Lon., 1628, Svo, (several eds.,) pub. some other
theolog, treatises, for an account of which see Athen.
Oxon.
Lyndesay. See LINDESAY, LINDSAY.
Lyndewood. See LINDEWOOD.
Lyndsay. See LINDESAY, LINDSAY.
Lyndsay, David. Dramas of the Ancient World,
Lon., Svo. Favourably noticed in Blackw. Mag., vol. x.
730-740, and in (Noctes Ambros., March, 1822) vol. xi.
369.
"The most elegant and well-composed piece in Lyndsay's book
is the Destiny of Cain."-Noctes Ambros.: ubi supra.
Lyne, or Line, Charles. 1. High Price of Gold and
Silver, 1810, Svo. 2. N. Amer. Export Trade, 1813.
Lyne, James. 1. Leases for Lives, Dubl., 1837, Svo.
2. Eccles. Leases, &c., 1838, 8vo. 3. Reports of Cases in
3. Reports of Cases in
H. Ct. of Chan. Ireland, 1839, 8vo.
Lyne, Richard. Regum Britanniæ tandem, &c.,
1574. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man., 1176, for an account of
this genealogical chart.
Lyne, Rev. Richard. 1. Latin Grammar, Lon.,
12mo. 2. Latin Primer; 5th ed., 1813, 12mo. Reviewed
in Blackw. Mag., x. 383-388.
Lynford, or Linford, Thomas, D.D., Preb. of
Westminster. Serms. and theolog. treatises, Lon., 1679-
1715. See Gibson's Preserv., iii. 360, x. 202, 372.
Lyng, William. Serm., 1703, 4to.
Lynge, M. Sacraments, &c., Lon., 1563, 12mo.
Lynn, Andrew. Serm.; 2d ed., Sheff., 1833, Svo.
Lynn, Miss Eliza, b. 1828, a daughter of the late
Rev. James Lynn, D.D., Vicar of Crosthwaite, Cumber-
land, has contributed many tales, essays, and sketches to
the periodicals, and pub. three works, the first two of
which display a comprehensive knowledge of the learn-
ing of antiquity. 1. Ageth, the Egyptian, Lon., 1846,
3 vols. p. 8vo. This novel is founded on an ancient
Egyptian tradition. 2. Amymone, 1848, 3 vols. p. Svo:
a Romance of the days of Pericles. 3. Realities; a
Novel, 1851, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Lynn, G. G. 1. Serms., Lon., 1841, 12mo.
"They are well suited for family reading.”—Lon. Athen,
2. Revealed Religion, 1845, fp. Svo.
Lynn, George. Astronom. Papers in Phil. Trans.,
1726-41.
Serm., 1803, 4to.
Lynn, James.
Lynn, John. Paper in Med. Obs. and Ing., iv. 388.
Lynn, Walter. On Small-Pox, &c., 1714, '15, '28.
Lynn, William. Small Pox, Lon., 1776, Svo.
Lynne, Walter, was the author and translator of
several theolog. works. See Watt's Bibl. Brit.
Lynnick, Antony. Oratio ad Clerum Colon. In
In
E. Brown's Fasciculus, i. 430.
Lynton, Anthonie. Navigation, Lon., 1609, 4to.
Lyon, Countess of Strathmore. Confessions,
Lon., 1793.
Lyon, C. J. Serm., 1814, 8vo.
Lyon, Rev. C. J. Hist. of St.
Hist. of St. Andrew's: Epis-
copal, Monastic, Academic, and Civil, Edin., 1843, 2 vols.
8vo.
Lyon, Miss Emma. Poems, Oxf., 1812, 8vo.
Lyon, George. Serms., Edin., 1794, 12mo.
Lyon, George. 1. Elements of Scots Law, Edin.,
1832, 8vo; 1848, Svo.
"A well-executed and useful publication."-Caledonian Mercury.
2. Institutes of Justinian; trans. by George Harris and
Thomas Cooper, 1844, 12mo. 3. Law of Landlord and
Tenant in Scotland, 1847, 12mo.
"A very clear and satisfactory compendium."-. Edin. Idvertiser
4. The Practical Conveyancer; 2d ed., 1848, 12mo.
"An eminently practical treatise."-Mercury.
Lyon, Capt. George Francis, R. N., 1765–1832, a
native of Chichester, England, distinguished himself by
the boldness of his explorations both on land and sea.
1. A Narrative of Travels in Northern Africa, 1818-20,
Lon., 1821, 4to.
"It will not only be read, but be found to afford 'entertain-
ment and instruction.'"-SIR JOHN BARROW: Lon Quar. Rev,
xxv. 25–50, q. v.
"Though the object of these travels was not accomplished, they
contain much information on the geography of Central Africa
collected during them. On this important point the Quarterly
Review [see the Indices to that periodical; should be consulted.".-
Stevenson's Voyages and Travels.
(C
A truly valuable and scientific work.”—Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
"No pretensions whatever to abstract science."-SIR JOHN BAR
BOW: ubi supra.
2. Private Journal during the Recent Voyage of Dis-
covery under Captain Parry, 1824, 8vo.
"Written in the most simple. perspicuous, and unaffected man-
ner, and replete with interesting matter."-Dibdin's Lib. Comp.
3. Narrative of an Unsuccessful Attempt to reach Re-
pulse Bay through Sir T. Rowe's Welcome, &c. in 1824,
8vo, 1825. 4. Journal of a Residence and Tour in the
Republic of Mexico, 1828, 2 vols. er. 8vo.
(C
It is a lively and pleasant picture of a very interesting country
by a traveller whose powers of entertainment are inexhaustible."
-Lon. Lit. Gazette.
Lyon, Heyman. See LION.
Lyon, I. L.
Lon., 1838, 12mo.
Hebrew and English Spelling-Book,
Lyon, James. On Episcopacy, 1710, 8vo.
Lyon, John. 1. Appendix, &c. on Reflective Dial-
ling, Lon., 1658, 4to. 2. The Exchequer Gallon, 1659,
4to.
Lyon, Rev. John, pub. works on Electricity, 1780,
'81, '91, '96; papers in Phil. Trans., 1786, and in Archæol.,
1779, '92; Hist. and Antiq. of Bradsole Abbey, 1787, 4to,
and Hist. of Dover and Dover Castle, &c., 1813-14, 2 vols.
4to.
Lyon, P. 1. Barrenness of Fruit Trees, 1813, 8vo.
2. Physiology and Pathology of Trees, 1816, 8vo.
Lyon, Rev. Richard, in conjunction with Presi
dent Dunster, of Harvard College, revised Eliot's Bay
Psalms, of which the 20th ed. was pub. in 1722.
Lyon, S. 1. Hebrew Grammar, Lon., 1799, Svo. 2.
On an Antique Medal, 1810, 8vo.
Lyon, Rev. W. P., of Tunbridge Wells. 1. Early
Grace with Early Glory: a Brief Memorial of a Beloved
Daughter, Lon., 1856, 18mo. 2. Millennial Studies, 1856,
cr. Svo.
"We think that it entirely disposes of the question."-Ch. of
Eng. Quar. Rev.
We have a dozen other commendations of this work
before us.
Lyons. Human Judgment, Lon.; 4th ed., 1725, 8vo.
Lyons, C. J. Apostles of Christ, 1812, Svo.
Lyons, Israel, teacher of Hebrew in the Univ. of
Cambridge,
Cambridge, d. 1770. 1. The Scholar's Instructor; or,
Hebrew Grammar, 1735; 3d ed. See JACOB, HENRY. 2.
Observs. and Inquiries rel. to various Parts of Scripture
History, 1761.
Lyons, Israel, Jr., 1739–1775, son of the preceding.
1. Treat. of Fluxions, Lon., 1758, 59, Svo. 2. Fasciculus
Plantarum circa Cantabrigiam nascentium, &c., 1763, Svo.
3. Spherical Trigonometry, 1775.
Lyons, James. Serms.. 1808, both Svo.
Lyoun, John. Teares for the Death of Alexander,
Earle of Dunfermling. Edin., 1622. Only one copy
known in 1828. Reprinted, seventy-five copies, 1823, 4to.
Lysons, Daniel, M.D., of Bath, d. 1800, pub. several
medical treatises, 1769–77.
Lysons, Daniel, d. 1834, Rector of Rodmarton,
Gloucestershire, 1804-1833, nephew of the preceding,
gained great distinction as an intelligent antiquary. I.
The Environs of London; being an Historical Account of
the Towns, Villages, and Hamlets within twelve miles of
that Capital, and interspersed with Biographical Anecdotes,
Lon., 1792-96, 4 vols. 4to; addit. vol., 1800, 4to; supp. vol.,
1811, 4to: in all, 6 vols., 4to. 2d ed., 1811. 4 vols. 4to, £8 88.;
large paper, £12 128.; Supplementary Middlesex Parishes,
1 vol. 4to, £2 28.; large paper, £3 38.: in all, 5 vols. 4to;
large paper, £15 158. 2. In conjunction with his brother,
Samuel Lysons, Magna Britannia; being a concise Topo-
graphical Account of the several Counties of Great
Britain, 1806-42, 6 vols. 4to. To this valuable work
should be added Britannia Depicta, 6 Pts., 130 plates,
1806-17, ob. fol., £19 158., by Hearne and Byrne.
1149
LYS
LYT
This series of views was published to illustrate Lysons's | Eton, and at Christ Church, Oxford; entered Parliament
Magna Britannia, and contains the counties of Bedford,
Perks, 3ucks, Cambridge, Chester, Cornwall, Cumberland,
and Derby, being all published.
Magna Britannia was pub. at £27 48.; large paper, £46
108. large paper, with Britannia Depicta, £71 108. A
review of Magna Britannia will be found in Lon. Quar.
Rev., v. 332–339.
in 1730, and warmly opposed Sir Robert Walpole's admi-
nistration; became a Lord of the Treasury in 1744, and
Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1756. In less than a year
he resigned this responsible post to Mr. Legge, and, on the
dissolution of the ministry in 1759, retired to private life,—
not, however, without being rewarded for his political
services by elevation to the peerage, by the title of Baron
Lyttelton of Frankley. The following is a list of his
lordship's publications: 1. The Progress of Love; a Poem,
Lon., 1732, fol.
(C
"We think it entitled to much and general commendation. The
arrangement also is clear, and the style perspicuous and unaffected."
-Lon. Quar. Rev., v. 339.
|
"A rich museum of valuable curiosities.”—Lon. Gent. Mag.
The topographical collections for this great work-which
should be completed-will be found by the curious in the
British Museum, Addit. MSS., 9408-9471. They form no
less than 64 vols. Of Mr. Lysons, who was also the
author of some minor publications, a biographical notice
will be found in Lon. Gent. Mag., May, 1834, 558.
See
next article.
Lysons, Samuel, 1763-1819, called to the bar, 1798,
Keeper of the Records in the Tower of London, 1803,
brother of the preceding, and also an eminent antiquary,
assisted Daniel in the preparation of the Magna Britannia,
and gave to the world the following valuable works: 1.
An Account of Roman Antiquities discovered at Wood-
chester, Lon., 1797, colombier fol., £10 108.
|
"His work on the remains of the Roman Villa and Pavements found
at Woodchester is such a specimen of ingenuity, unwearied zeal,
and critical accuracy in delineating and illustrating the fragments
of antiquity, as rarely has been equalled, and certainly never sur-
passed."-Pursuits of Literature.
2. Figures of Mosaic Pavements discovered at Hork-
slow, in Lincolnshire, 1801, 4to. 3. Remains of two
Temples and other Roman Antiquities discovered at Bath,
1802, imp. fol., £3 138. 6d. 4. A Collection of Gloucester-
shire Antiquities, 1803, r. fol., 15 Nos., £6 68.; large
paper, £10 108.
5. Figures of Mosaic Pavements dis-
covered near Frampton, in Dorsetshire, 1808, imp. fol. 6.
Reliquiæ Britannico-Romanæ, containing figures of Ro-
man Antiquities discovered in various Parts of England,
1813-17, colombier fol., 156 plates, most of them col'd,
£48 69. A splendid work. 7. Remains of a Roman Villa
discovered at Bignor, in Sussex, 1815, imp. fol., 35 plates.
8. Hist. and Antiq. of Devonshire, 1822, 2 vols. r. 4to.
Dean Buckland, J. Conybeare, J. Hawkins, J. Miller,
the Bishop of Cloyne, and others, contributed greatly to
this history of the county.
Mr. Lysons also pub. several papers in the Archæol.
Respecting the topographical works of D. and S. Lysons,
see Upcott's Eng. Topog.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.,1177-1179.
Lysons, Samuel. Conjectures conc. the Patriarch
Job, &c., Oxf., 1832, 8vo.
Lyster, Thomas. 1. The Blessings of Eighty-Eight,
1. The Blessings of Eighty-Eight,
with Poems, &c., Lon., 1698, Svo. 2. Fragments from a
MS., 1714, Svo.
Lyster, Thomas. Roman Sudatory; Phil. Trans.,
1706.
1. Ancient Ballads and Songs,
Lyte, Rev. H. F.
Lon., 12mo. 2. Poems, 12mo. 3. Tales in Verse, 12mo.
4. Remains and Memoirs, 12mo. See Blackw. Mag.,
xxvii. 686.
Lyte, Henry, 1529-1607.. 1. Hist. of Plants, &c.;
from the French of Dodonæus, Antw., 1578, 4to; Lon.,
1578, '86, '95, 1619, 1778, fol. 2. The Light of Britayne,
1588, 8vo. Reprinted by Upcott, 1814, 4to, 2 copies on
vellum. 3. Art of Tens; or, Decimal Arithmetick, 1619,
8vo. See an account of Lyte and his works in Athen. Oxon.
Lyte, Thomas, son of the preceding. Genealogie
of James I. and VI.: an engraving "in forma patenti."
See Athen. Oxon.
Lyte, Thomas. Hist., &c. of the Island of Jersey,
1808, 8vo.
Lytler, Richard. The Presbyterian, 1662, Svo.
Lyttelton, Lord. Explanatory Notes on the Gos-
pels and Acts, Lon., 1856, cr. Svo.
Lyttelton, Charles, LL.D., 1714-1768, educated at
Eton and at University Coll., Oxford; Dean of Exeter,
1748, and Bishop of Carlisle, 1762; President of the
Society of Antiquaries, 1765; a native of Hagley, Wor-
cestershire, and a son of Sir Thomas Lyttelton; pub. a
serm.. Lon., 1765, 4to; On a Nautilus, Phil. Trans., 1748;
on a Petrified Insect, ibid., 1750; antiquarian papers in
Archæol., 1770, '72, '74; and a Memoir on a Copy of
Magna Charta, pub. in Gutch's Collectanea Curiosa. See
Nichols's Lit. Anec.
Lyttelton, Lord George, 1708-09-1773, a native
of Hagley, Worcestershire, the eldest son of Sir Thomas
Lyttelton, and brother of the preceding, was educated at
Of his Progress of Love it is sufficient blame to say that it is
pastoral."-DR. JOHNSON: Life of Lord Lytlelion.
2. Letters from a Persian in England to his Friend at
Ispahan, 1735, Svo; 5th ed., 1744, 12mo. 3. Persian
Letters, continued, or The Second Volume; 3d ed., 1736,
12mo.
"In his Persian Letters, as in all his other works, Lyttelton is
but an imitator: the idea, the name, and some of the details, are
borrowed from the Lettres Persannes of the President Montes-
quieu, then in high repute.”—J. W. CROKER: Lon. Quar. Kev.,
lxxviii. 229.
"An imitation of Montesquieu's first, and also his most indif
ferent, book."-Schlosser's Hist. of the Eighteenth Cent., dv., Da-
vison's trans., Lon., 18+, ii. 68.
4. Monody to the Memory of a Lady lately deceased,
1747, fol. The "Lady" was the poet's wife,-Lucy For-
tescue, to whom he was married in 1741. Few monodies
are better known. 5. Observations on the Conversion and
Apostleship of Saint Paul; in a Letter to Gilbert West,
Esq., 1747, 8vo. Often reprinted; last ed., 1845, 24mo.
Also pub. in Christian Evidences, 1849, r. Svo:
JENYNS, SOAME, M.P., No. 7. Of the many commenda-
tions elicited by this excellent work, none was probably
so gratifying to the author as the following:
seo
"I have read your religious treatise with infinite pleasure and
satisfaction.
satisfaction. The style is fine and clear, the arguments close,
cogent, and irresistible. May the King of kings, whose glorious
cause you have so well defended. reward your pious labours, and
grant that I may be found worthy, through the merits of Jesus
Christ, to be an eye-witness of that happiness which I don't doubt
he will bountifully bestow upon you! In the mean time, I shall
never cease glorifying God for having endowed you with such use-
ful talents and giving me so good a son.
"Your affectionate father,
6. THOMAS LYTTELTON."
"A treatise to which infidelity has never been able to fabricate a
specious answer."-DR. JOHNSON: Life of Lord Lyttelton.
"The great advantage of this performance is, that the evidence
for Christianity is here drawn to one point of view, for the use of
those who will not attend to a long series of argument. The design
considered. is of itself a demonstration sufficient to prove Chris-
is to show that the conversion and apostleship of St. Paul, alone
tianity to be a divine revelation. This design is very happily exe-
cuted.”—Lelond's Deistical Writers, ed. Lon., 1837, 156, q. v.
|
"He successfully shows that St. Paul was not an impostor nor
an enthusiast, and that he could not have been deceived himself.
From all which, his lordship infers the certainty of his conversion
and call to the apostleship, and, consequently, the divine origin of
the gospel. It is a well-reasoned and acute pamphlet, and dis-
covers considerable acquaintance with the Scriptures."-Orme's
Bill. Bib.
"Lord Lyttelton has discussed the most illustrious instance of
conversion to this religion, in the person of St. Paul, a man of the
highest natural talents and of the profoundest reasoning and
erudition; and he has accompanied the whole with remarks of
weight and dignity on the general subject of revelation.”—Ma-
thias's Pursuits of Lit.
Lord Lyttelton's Observations elicited a tract entitled
The Truth, Certainty, and Simplicity of the Christian
Revelation, 1748, Svo, pp. 32.
6. Dialogues of the Dead, 1760, 8vo. 7. New Dialogues
of the Dead, 1762, 8vo; 4th ed., with four new Dialogues,
three by Mrs. Montague, 1765, Svo.
it seems, of leisure than of study.-rather effusions than composi-
"They were very eagerly read, though the production rather, as
tions. The names of his persons too often enable the reader to
anticipate their conversation; and, when they have met, they too
often part without any conclusion. He has copied Fenelon more
than Fontenelle."-DR. JOHNSON: Life of Lord Lyttelton.
"Lord Lyttelton's Dialogues he [Dr. Johnson] deemed a nugatory
performance. That man,' said he. 'sat down to write a book to
tell the world what the world had all his life been telling him.'”—
Rev. Dr. Maxwell's Collectanea, in Boswell's Life of Johnson.
and his works, but scarcely in these terms. Ile could not have
"Johnson may have thought and spoken slightingly of Lyttelton
stated as censure what would be in truth the highest praise of such
a work, —that it was the result of an accurate observation of man-
kind."-Croker's note to preceding quotation, in Croker's ed. of Bos-
well's Johnson, Lon.. 1848, r. 8vo. 218.
"In which [the Dialogues of the Dead] we might very easily
point out the French influence.”—Schlosser's Hist. of the Eighteenth
Cent., dc., Davison's trans., ii. 68,
"Where can be found compositions uniting the politeness of the
gentleman with the attainments of the scholar. blended in juster
proportions than in the Polymetis of Spence, the Athenian Letters,
the Dialogues of Lord Lyttelton and Bishop Hurd, and the papers
of the Adventurer and Observer?"-Histor. View of Eng. Lil. in
Goodhugh's E. G. Lib. Man., 156.
1150
LYT
LYT
See also LANDOR, WALTER SAVAGE.
|
8. The Hist. of
the Life of King Henry the Second, and of the Age in
which he lived, &c., 1764-67, 4 vols. 4to; Dubl., 1768, 4
vols. 8vo; Lon., 1769, 6 vols. 8vo; 1777, 6 vols. 8vo. See
BERINGTON, JOSEPH; Hist. of the Reign of Henry II., &c.
"His [Lyttelton's] last literary production was his History of
Henry the Second, elaborated by the searches and deliberations of
twenty [thirty] years, and published with such anxiety as only
vanity can dictate.
"The story of this publication is remarkable. The whole work
was printed twice over, a great part of it three times, and many
sheets four or five times. He began to print in 1755. Three volumes
appeared in 1784, a second edition of them in 1767, a third edition
in 1768, and the conclusion in 1771.”—Dr. Johnson's Life of Lord
Lyttelton.
"His Majesty then asked him [Dr. Johnson] what he thought
of Lord Lyttelton's History, which was then just published. John-
son said he thought his style pretty good, but that he had blamed
Henry the Second rather too much."—Boswell's Life of Johnson,
ed. 1848, r. 8vo, 185.
"I read it with as great attention as pleasure: it is not a book
to skim, but to learn by heart, if one means to learn any thing of
England. You call it the History of Henry II.: it is literally the
History of our Constitution, and will last much longer than, I fear,
the latter will; for. alas! my lord, your style, which will fix and
preserve our language, cannot do what language cannot do,-reform
the nature of man."-Horace Walpole to Lord Lyttelton.
"Walpole's opinion, if here sincerely given, has not been ratified
by posterity. The History is little read, and not even consulted as
much as its laborious diligence deserves: but the period is too re-
mote and the subject too voluminously treated for popularity; and
the style which Walpole so much extols seems diffuse and flat to
the taste of an age formed on the dazzling brilliancy of Gibbon or
the clearer and more mellowed colouring of Hume."-J.W. CROKER:
Lon. Quar. Rev., lxxviii. 261.
“Lord Lyttelton, in his Life of Henry the Second, goes through
a very candid and temperate inquiry into this question; and he
thinks the Commons was originally a part of the national council
or Parliament. The strongest evidence he produces is drawn
from the two celebrated instances of the petitions sent, one by the
borough of St. Alban's, the other by Barnstaple."-Prof. Smythe's
Lects. on Mod. Hist.. Lect. VI.
"The reader may consult Lyttelton's History—an elaborate and
valuable work-with advantage."-SHARON TURNER.
"Lyttelton's Henry II. is a learned and honest book."-ROBERT
SOUTHEY: Letter to John May, Aug. 5, 1805, in Southey's Life and
Corresp
"It is heavy, prolix, but trustworthy, and contains searching
investigations into the laws, policy, characters, and events of that
reign."-CHANCELLOR KENT: Course of Eng. Reading, Oakley's ed.,
1853. 24.
Lord Macaulay, referring to the advantages which the
parliamentary experience of Charles James Fox and Sir
James Mackintosh gave them as historians, continues:
"Lord Lyttelton had indeed the same advantages; but he was
incapable of using them. Pedantry was so deeply fixed in his
nature that the hustings, the Treasury, the Exchequer, the House
of Commons, the House of Lords, left him the same dreaming
school-boy that they found him.”—Crit. and Hist. Essays, Lou.,
1854, ii. 54.
A review of Lyttelton's Henry the Second, by Gibbon
the historian, will be found in the 1st vol. of Mémoires
Littéraires de la Grande Brétagne:
"An excellent review,—at once acute, candid, and judicious.".
LORD BROUGHAM: Lives of Men of Letters of the Time of George III.,
Lon. and Glasg., 1855, 395.
8vo; review of these vols. (by J. W. Croker) in Lon. Quar
Rev., vol. Ixxviii. 216–267; also reviewed in Lon. Genu
Mag., 1845, Pt. 2, 443-460; Horace Walpole's Works,
vol. i. 539, and vol. v. 388; Swift's Works; Nichols's Lit.
Anec.; Boswell's Life of Johnson; Doddridge's Letters;
Forbes's Life of Beattie; Wooll's Life of Warton; Davies's
Life of Garrick; Bowles's ed. of Pope's Works; Sir E.
Brydges's ed. of Collins's Peerage; Graves's Recollec. of
some Particulars in the Life of Shenstone, 1788, 8vo;
Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Lawrence's Lives of the Brit.
Historians; Lon. Gent. Mag., xlv. 371, lx. 594.
Lyttelton, Thomas, d. 1779, aged 35, son of the
preceding, is best known as the subject of a remarkable
ghost-story, and the reputed author of two vols. of Let-
ters, 1780-82, 8vo, (really written by Combe,) and a vol.
of Poems by a Young Nobleman, 1780, 4to,-some of
which he may have composed. Within the last few years
Lord Lyttelton's claims to the authorship of The Letters
of Junius have been warmly urged by an ingenious but
mistaken champion: see JUNIUS, in this Dictionary, p.
1002-1003. See also papers, by Sir F. Madden, in Notes
and Queries, vol. viii. p. 31, (July, 1853,) and vol. xi. p.
198. Respecting Lord Lyttelton's singular history, see
Pennington's Memoirs of Mrs. Carter; Boswell's Life of
Johnson, Croker's ed., Lon., 1848, r. Svo, 763; Nash's
Hist. of Worcestershire; Lon. Gent. Mag., 1816, Pt. 2,
422, 1818, Pt. 1, 597.
Among his lordship's best poetical compositions are the
Advice to a Lady, (Belinda,) and the Prologue to Thom-
son's Tragedy of Coriolanus. We have already corrected
the error (see GOLDSMITH, OLIVER, p. 690) which attributes
to Lord Lyttelton the compilation entitled History of
England, in a Series of Letters from a Nobleman to his
Son. For further information respecting Lord Lyttelton
and his works, see Johnson's Lives of the Poets, Peter
Cunningham's ed., Lon., 1854, iii. 391-400; Memoirs and
Corresp. of George, Lord Lyttelton, from 1734 to 1773,
rompiled and edited by Robert Phillimore, 1845, 2 vols.
Lyttleton. See LITTLETON.
Lyttleton, Mr. Novels, Lon., 1803, '05, &c.
Lyttleton, Lord. Poems, 1803: privately printed.
Lyttleton, G. Original Foundation and Construc-
tion of Exeter Cathedral, Lon., 1797, fol.
9. Speech on the Canada Bill, 1775, Svo. 10. Miscel-
laneous Works, formerly published separately, with some
other Pieces never before Printed, edited by G. E. Ays
cough, Lon., 1774, 4to; Dubl., 1774, 2 vols. 8vo; Lon.,
1775, 4to; 1776, 3 vols. Svo. The Miscellaneous Works
contain, among other things, Observs. on the Life of
Cicero; Observs. on the Present State of our Affairs at
Home and Abroad; Four Specches in Parliament; Letters
to Sir Thomas Lyttelton; An Account of a Journey into
Wales. There was also pub. a 4to vol., entitled Additions
to Lord Lyttelton's Works: being two Essays from Com-
mon Sense, and two Poems. 11. Poetical Works, 1785,
12mo; Glasg., 1787, fol.
Oriental Tale, 1820, 12mo. 2. Sculpture; a Poem, 1825.
This gained the Chancellor Prize Medal for English Ver-
"The works of the great Lord Lyttelton are most important and
instructive. Who that has lost a beloved wife can read his Monody,
particularly the stanza O best of wives,' without being moved to
“Lord Lyttelton's Poems are the works of a man of literature
and judgment devoting part of his time to versification. They
have nothing to be despised, and little to be admired."-DR. Joux-sification at the University. 3. Weeds and Wild-Flowers,
SON: Life of Lord Lyttelton.
[Juvenile Poems,] 1826. 4. O'Neill; or, the Rebel, 1837,
p. Svo. 5. Falkland; a Novel, 1827, p. Svo.
And a very
See South. Lit. Mess., iv. 788. 6.
reprehensible novel.
Pelham; or, The Adventures of a Gentleman, 1828, 3 vols.
p. Svo; 2d ed., (pub. within a few months after the first
ed.,) 1828, 3 vols. p. Svo; again, 1844, 12mo; 1854,
12mo.
<
tears " -DR. VALPY.
"In many parts of it the connexions which involve the most
reprehensible violations of social and moral obligation are spoken
of as matters of course, and exalted and beautified by the highest
colouring of sentiment; and these defects are the more glaring by
contrast with the high-wrought lessons of political integrity in-
culcated in the parliamentary episode.... Were a good novel a
more rare production, we should have much more to say of the
excellencies and defects of this, which, liable as it is to the gravest
exceptions on account of its moral lessons, is certainly one of very
high character for striking portraits, richness of thought, strength
!
Lytton, Sir Edward George Lytton Bulwer,
b. 1805, the youngest son of General Bulwer, of Wood-
alling and Haydon Hall, Norfolk, and Elizabeth Barbara,
the only daughter of Richard Warbenton Lytton, Esq.,
of Knebworth, Herts, was educated at Trinity Hall,
Cambridge, where he graduated B. A. in 1826 and M. A.
in 1835. On succeeding, by his mother's death in 1844,
to the estates of Knebworth, he exchanged, by royal
license, the surname of Bulwer for that of Bulwer Lytton.
In 1832, he was returned to the Reformed Parliament as
member for Lincoln, and represented the Radical party in
that august body until 1841. In 1847, he offered himself
as a candidate for the suffrages of the Conservatives or
Protectionists of the county of Lincoln, but was unsuc-
cessful; and it was not until 1852 that he again took his
seat in the House of Commons, being returned by the
voters of Herts. He still (1857) holds his seat in Parlia-
ment, and, in the ability which he has displayed in the
discussion and management of difficult political measures,
has added another to the many instances which disprove
the old superstition that men of letters make but indifferent
statesmen. In Dec. 1856, he was elected Lord-Rector of
the University of Glasgow. In 1827, Mr. Bulwer married
Rosina, daughter of Francis Wheeler, Esq., of Lizzard-
Connell, Limerick, Ireland. (See next article.) By this
lady he has had two children,-a daughter who died at an
The
early age, and a son, Robert, who, under the nom de
plume of Owen Meredith, (q. v.,) has recently given in-
dications of poetical abilities of no ordinary cast.
subject of our notice was one of the number of those who
literally "lisp in verse," having commenced authorship at
the rather juvenile age of six years; and by the time he
was half-way through his teens he had contributed a
Libraries. Since that important epoch he has been no
volume to the well-filled shelves of the London Circulating
idler in the Republic of Letters, as the following list of
his publications gives ample evidence: 1. Ismael; an
1151
LYT
LYT
and originality of conception, and vivacity and energy of style."-
W. PHILLIPS: N. Amer. Rev., xxviii. 418–433.
"If the most brilliant wit, remarks as acute in observation as
they are profound in judgment, playful satire by the side of sound
philosophy. a narrative whose interest never flags, and some pic-
tures of the most riveting interest,-if these can make a work
popular, Pelham will be as first-rate in celebrity as it is in excel-
lence. The scenes are laid at the present day and in fashionable
life.”—Lom. Literary Gazette.
"NORTH: James, I wish he would review for Maga all those
fashionable novels,-novels of high life; such as Pelham,-The
Disowned-'
M
SHEPHERD: I've read thae twa, and they're baith gude." "-
Noctes Ambros., No. 41; Blackw. Mug., March, 1829, 696.
Mr. Bulwer has, in his delightful novel of Pelham, described
his idea of a work of fiction.”—Blackw. Mag., May, 1830, 711.
See also Southern Review, iii. 467. 7. The Disowned;
a Novel, 1829, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1847, 12mo; 1852, p. 8vo;
1855, 12mo.
"In The Disowned the author has gone, we think, beyond the
pitch of his first performance. Not that, taken as a whole, this
novel is better executed, or even more interesting, than Pelham.
Its plot is not so well ordered; and much of the dialogue, especially
in those parts where his fashionables take the parole, is less spirited.
But there is more pathos, and more power, a loftier eloquence in
many passages, and everywhere something bolder and more ad-
venturous, both in conception and in style."-Southern Review, iii.
473-495.
ba
but still it is felt by every class of readers to be uninteresting.
We have no acquaintance or association with Roman manners; we
know little of their habits, scarce any thing of their conversation
in private: they stand forth to us in history in a sort of shadowy
grandeur, totally distinct from the interest of novelist-com-
position. No amount of learning or talent can make the dialogues
of Titus and Lucius, or Gallius and Vespasia, interesting to a
modern reader.”—E says, Polit., Hist., and Miscell.. Edin. and Lon.,
1850, iii. 538: originally pub. in Blackw. Mag., Sept. 1845.
See also Dublin Univ. Mag., v. 273; South. Lit. Mess.,
i. 241. See No. S. 16. Rienzi; a Novel, 1835, 3 vols.
p. Svo; 1840, 12mo; 1854, 12mo.
"It is a work of great power: the interest never flags; it pauses
upon occasions, but, except perhaps in the beginning of the third
volume, only to accumulate fresh force. It is thronged with cha-
racter, drawn with a powerful and discriminating hand and finely
contrasted."-Lon. Athen., 1835, 905, 923.
"On the whole, even the fame of E. L. Bulwer will be extended
by his Rienzi."-Lon. Lit. Gazelle, 1835, 771.
Sir Archibald Alison objects that in the plot of this
work great latitude in the unities has been taken:
"All the richness of colouring and fidelity in drawing in Sir L.
Bulwer's splendid historical romance, Rienzi,-the finest com-
position in that style in existence,-cannot take away the painful
impression produced by the long interval which elapses between
the commencement of the story, where the characters first appear,
its middle, where the real interest is developed, and its termi-
nation, where the catastrophe occurs. It is on the centre, where
unity of interest is strictly kept up, that the success of the work
depends."-Essays, 1850, iii. 127: originally pub. in Blackw. Mag.,
Aug. 1846.
"If Pelham justly raised for its author a very high character,
The Disowned will raise it far higher."-Lon. Lit. Gaz. See No. 6.
8. Devereux; a Novel, 1829, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1847,
12mo; 1852, p. 8vo; 1855, 12mo.
See also Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., i. 572; South. Lit. Jour.,
Among the numerous characters who figure in the pages ii. 213; LOCKHART, JOHN GIBSON, NO. 2. 17. The Stu-
of this interesting work will be found Lord Bolingbroke, dent, 1835, 2 vols. p. Svo; 1836, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 1840,
(throughout the work,) Swift, Pope, Addison, Steele, 12mo. Originally contributed to the New Monthly Maga-
Colonel Cleland, (the supposed original of Will Honey-zine, (of which Bulwer became editor in 1831 or '32,)
comb,) Beau Fielding, (the Orlando of The Spectator,) under the title of Conversations with an Ambitious Stu-
Colley Cibber, Sir Godfrey Kneller, Richard Cromwell, dent in Ill Health.
The Duke of Wharton, Lady M. W. Montagu, Duchess
of Marlborough, &c.
"I have always found that one is never so successful as when
one is least sanguine. I fell into the deepest despondency about
Pompeii and Eugene Aram, and was certain-nay, presumptuous-
about Devereux, which is the least generally popular of my
writings."
See also South. Rev., iv. 369. 9. Paul Clifford; a Novel,
1930, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1844, 12mo; 1854, 12mo. See Miss
Mitford's Recollec. of a Literary Life, chap. xxiii.; Bost.
Chris. Exam., ix. 46, (by J. T. Austin.)
"We cannot take leave of this work without expressing our in-
creased admiration of the great and varied talents of its accom-
plished author, or without looking forward with earnest and con-
fident hopes towards the future productions with which he may be
expected to enrich the literature of his country.”—Court Jour.
Also highly commended by the Literary Gazette, The
Spectator, &c. "The great and varied talents of the au-
thor" are not to be questioned; but he makes an injudicious
use of them in Paul Clifford. 10. The Siamese Twins: a Tale
of the Times, [a satirical poem,] 1831, p. 8vo. See Lon.
Month. Rev., cxxiv. 396; Amer. Quar. Rev., ix. 385;
South. Rev., vii. 192; Fraser's Mag., iii. 195. 11. Eugene
Aram; a Novel, 1832, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1840, 12mo; 1849,
12mo; 1854, 12mo.
"There is much true eloquence, natural and fervent feeling, and
vigorous delineation of human character, in this work; and yet we
sincerely wish that Mr. Bulwer had left it unwritten. We think
the principle on which it is constructed is unnatural.”—Lon.
Athen., 1832, 3.
See also p. 414. See No. 8. 12. Godolphin, 1833, 3
vols. p. 8vo; 1844, 12mo; 1850, sq.; 1854, 12mo. 13.
England and the English, 1833, 2 vols. p. 8vo; 1848,
12mo.
"A brilliant performance, abounding with sparkling observa-
tions, containing many profound ones, and particularly interest-
Ing to the multitude of persons to whom foreign travelling has
rendered the comparison of English and French character and
Institutions an object of interest."-SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON :
Blackwood's Mag., xlii. 46; and in his Essays, 1850, ii. 290–291.
See also Lon. Month. Rev., cxxxi. 532; Fraser's Mag.,
viii. 479; Amer. Month. Rev., iv. 353. 14. Pilgrims of
the Rhine, 1834, 8vo; 1840, 8vo; 1850, p. 8vo; 1854,
12ino. This work has been beautifully illustrated by
Maclise, Roberts, &c. See South. Lit. Mess., i. 53; N.
York Knickerbocker, iii. 356. 15. The Last Days of
Pompeii; a Novel, 1834, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1848, 12mo;
1849, 12mo; 1850, sq.; 1854, 12mo.
"We feel throughout his book all the inspiration of the poetic
and sublime creations of ancient genius, and share in the scholar-
like fervour which evidently swells the author's mind."-G. II.
Devereux: N. Amer. Rev., xl. 447–457.
Sir Archibald Alison thinks very differently, and con-
siders it impossible to feel any lively interest in scenes
and customs so far removed from the circle of every-day
experience:
"There is great talent, much learning, and vigorous conception,
in the Last Days of Pompeii, by Bulwer, and the catastrophe
with which it concludes is drawn with his very highest powers;
1152
"Great as is both the power and beauty of Mr. Bulwer's former
works, we know none that marks the creative thinker more thau
the present production. The pages of the Student are full of new
lights, happy illustrations,-a sort of diary of the mind, whose
hours pass in the vivid impression and the profitable deduction....
Graceful, generous, touching, and thoughtful, we commend the
Student to every library: once introduced, he will make his own
way."-Lon. Lit. Gazette, 1835, 275, 276.
through more than twenty edits.
IS. The Crisis, 1835. This political pamphlet ran
19. The Duchesse de la
Vallière; a Play, in five Acts, 1836: unsuccessful on the
20. Ernest Mal-
stage. See Fraser's Mag., xvi. 179.
travers; a Novel, 1837, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1849, 12mo; 1851,
cr. Svo; 1854, 12mo. See Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., iv. 48.
21. Alice, or The Mysteries; a Novel, 1837, 3 vols. p.
8vo; 1854, 12mo. See Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser., iv. 48.
Athens, its Rise and Fall; with Views of the Literature,
1837, 2 vols. 8vo.
Philosophy, and Social Life of the Athenian People,
plete the design, but have not appeared.
Two more vols. were promised to com-
22.
"Years of labour have not been misspent in research and con-
sideration; and the style is worthy of the best name in this ele
vated department of our national literature."-Lon. Lit. Gazelle,
1837, 205.
A review of this work, by Sir Archibald Alison, ori-
ginally pub. in Blackw. Mag., xlii. 44-60, will be found
in his Essays, 1850, ii. 286–312. See also Eclec. Rev.,
4th Ser., ii. 457; Fraser's Mag., xvi. 347; Lewes's Biog.
Hist. of Philos., 2d ed., N. York, 1857, 16-17, 20. 23.
The Sea Captain, or The Birth-Right; a Play, 1837, Svo.
Courtier, 1838, Svo, 318. 6d.; large paper, 528. 6d.; with
24. Leila; or, The Siege of Granada, and Calderon the
15 plates, and portrait of the author after Chalon, 1848,
8vo, 148.; 1853, p. 8vo, 28.; bound, 48. 6d.; 1855,
12mo, 18.
"An admirable tale, in which variety of impassioned incident,
great warmth of picturesque feeling, and a series of sudden and
strong dramatic movements, sustain a lively interest from the
opening to the close.”—Lon. Examiner.
25. The Lady of Lyons, or Love and Pride; a five-act
Play, 1838, 8vo: successful. 26. Richelieu, or The
Conspiracy; a five-act Play, 1838, 8vo: successful. See
Lon. Athen., 1839, 195; South. Lit. Mess., v. 509, 532.
27. Night and Morning; a Novel, 1841, 3 vols. p. 8vo;
1845, 12mo; 1851, p. 8vo; 1854, 12mo.
1854, 12mo. 28. Day and
Night; a Novel. 29. Lights and Shadows; a Novel. 30.
Glimmer and Gloom; a Novel. 31. Cromwell; a Tragedy.
32. Zanoni; a Novel, 1842, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1845, 12mo;
1855, 12mo. 33. Eva, the Ill-Omened Marriage, and other
Tales and Poems, 1842, 12mo. See Irish Quar. Rev., ii.
476. 34. The Last of the Barons; a Novel, 1843, 3 vols. p.
Svo; 1850, 12mo; 1854, 12mo.
ject, worked out with even more than the author's usual power
"The Last of the Barons is an admirably-chosen historical sub-
and effect; and, but for a defect in composition to be hereafter
noticed, it would be one of the most popular of all his productions.
The grand defect, which chills to a great degree the interest
it otherwise would excite, is the crowding of historic incident, and
LYT
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viplication of the story. It is so crowded with rebellions, revo-
lutions, and dethronements, that even the learned reader who has
some previous acquaintance with that involved period of English
history has difficulty in following the story. Ample materials
exist for two or three interesting historical novels in its crowded
incidents."-SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON: Essays, 1850, iii. 538, 543; ori-
ginally pub. in Blackw. Mag., Sept. 1845.
"Clogged with historical details, anxiously authenticated by
foot-notes and conducted in an over-claborated dialogue, the story
moves on 80 slowly and lifelessly, that we could not but ask, as we
read, Where are the passion and the power of the author of
Eugene Aram,-where the gorgeous colouring of his two Italian
romances, where the deep and delicate thoughts that, in spite
of the conceit with which they were encrusted, gave such a charm
to Ernest Maltravers? ... This must not be the last of our
author's fictions, unless he is content that his sun should set
behind a cloud which posterity by no alchemy of regrot or intelli-
gence can convert into a glory."-Lon. Athen., 1843, p. 205.
See also N. York Eclec. Mus., i. 96. 35. Poems and
Ballads, trans. from Schiller, 1844, 2 vols. cr. 8vo. Two
eds. printed; originally pub. in Blackw. Mag. : see vol.
lii. 285, 446, 569, 751, liii. 166, 302, 433, 626, liv. 139.
"The work of one poet who has perfectly seized the meaning of
another poet.”—Lon. Times.
"The translations are executed with consummate ability. The
techuical difficulties attending a task so great and intricate have
been mastered or eluded with a power and patience quite extra-
ordinary; and the public is put in possession of perhaps the best
translation of a foreign poet which exists in our language. Indeed,
we know of none so complete and faithful."-Lon. M. Chron.
See also Irish Quar. Rev., ii. 487; Lon. Athen., 1844,
285, 320; and conclusion of this article. 36. The Con-
fessions of a Water-Patient; in a Letter to W. H. Ains-
worth, Esq., 1845, 12mno; 3d ed., 1847, 12mo. Sir Edward
was greatly benefited by the hydropathic system, and, in
a spirit of true philanthropy, rehearses his experience for
the advantage of others. See LANE, RICHARD J.; GRA-
HAM, ROBERT HAY, M.D.; GRAHAM, THOMAS J., No. 1.
37. The New Timon: a Poetical Romance of London,
1846, p. 8vo; three eds. pub. in the same year, and since
reprinted.
"One of the most remarkable poems of the present genera-
tion: remarkable in a threefold degree.-its conception being
strictly original, its language and imagery new, its tendency emi-
nently moral. It has beauties of no ordinary lustre: the animus
of the work is essentially humanizing, its plot ingenious, and its
effect altogether bold, harmonious, and original. No poem of
equal length has issued from the English press for a number of
years with any thing approaching to the ability of The New
Timon: it augurs a resuscitation of our bardic glories. We may
point in an especial manner to the author's originality in ana-
lyzing some of our most remarkable political characters, including
the Premier, the Duke of Wellington, Lord Stanley, Lord John
Russell, O'Connell, &c. The introduction of these clever sketches
of our contemporary rulers tends considerably to render the other
portions of the romance doubly piquant and zestful. That The
New Timon is the production of no inexperienced pen, and that
the author is no obscure observer of the social or political advance-
ment of the age, is evidenced in every paragraph.”—Lon. Sun.
"This is truly a magnificent poem. It will bear comparison
with any one of the poetic tales of Byron.”-Hood's Magazine.
"The New Timon is a composition which displays both beauty
and power. It belongs to the school of Crabbe.”—Lit. Gazette.
See also N. Brit. Rev., v. 399; Irish Quar. Rev., ii.
487; Fraser's Mag., xxxii. 341; N. Amer. Rev., lxiv. 460,
(by J. R. Lowell;) South. Lit. Mess., xiii. 81. 38. Lu-
cretia, or The Children of Night; a Novel, 1846, 3 vols.
p. Svo; 1847, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1853, p. Svo; 1855, 12mo.
This work elicited much censure from the reviewers,
which caused the author to publish A Word to the Public,
(1847, Svo,) in which he answers the strictures of his
critics. Seo Dubl. Univ. Mag., xxix. 323; South. Lit.
Mess., xiv. 234, 393. 39. Harold, or The Last of the
Saxon Kings; a Novel, 1848, 3 vols. p. Svo. See Whip
ple's Essays and Reviews, ii. 401; Fraser's Mag., xxxviii.
129. 40. Money; a Comedy, 1848, Svo. 41. King Arthur;
a Puem, 1848, 2 vols. p. Svo; 1848, Svo; 1849, 12mo;
1851, 8vo.
·
"The poem of King Arthur is likely to win the admiration of
all who have poetical feeling and knowledge. It takes up a great
subject, evolving its national interest. The author has incarnated
the dim ideas of a legendary period in flesh-and-blood beings drawn
from his own experience. Two of the prominent characters in the
poem will at once be recognised, with a strange interest at the
present moment, as Louis Philippe and his minister; and keen as
well as merciless, though in the light and laughing guise of wit,
is the writer's exposure of the qualities that have dethroned and
degraded them. This is clearly such a writer's privilege: so Ariosto
wrote; so our own Spenser."-Lon. Examiner.
See also Edin. Rev., xc. 173; Eclec. Rev., 4th Ser.,
xxvi. 449; Lon. Sun; M. Post. 42. The Caxtons; a
Novel, 1850, 3 vols. p. 8vo; 1852, p. 8vo; 1853, p. Svo;
1854, p. 8vo; 1855, 12mo: originally pub. in Blackw.
Mag. 35,000 copies of this novel were sold in America
in about three years.
"It was impossible that a writer of Sir Edward Bulwer's pro-
fond thought and original genius should not unite, in the course
of his career, with the great and the good of every other age and
country, on so vital a subject as the direction by Providence of
human affairs; and, accordingly, we hail with pleasure evident
marks of such a disposition in several of his later works, particu-
larly in the novel of The Caxton Family,-one of the most able
and original of his many admirable works. We infer from many
passages in them, also, that experience has made him less par-
tial to democratic institutions than he was in his earlier years.'
SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON: Essays, 1850, ii. 312: note to the review of
Athens. its Rise and Full, &c. See No. 22.
""
"The most brilliant and the most beautiful of all the effusions
of Sir Bulwer-Lytton's pen of fascination."-The Sun.
"One of those graceful family groups in which all the com-
ponent parts are in perfect harmony, and all the accessories are
wrought out with a skill at once the most marvellous and appa-
rently the most unpremeditated."-M. Herald.
"There are portions of the work equal to any thing in the whole
range of British fiction. . . . It is a book that it does one good to
read. . . . An invigorating, a bracing, book.”—Atlas.
“And a beautiful picture it is, too,-the portraits striking, yet
characteristic, the colouring exquisitely tasteful, yet true to
nature."-New Monthly Magazine.
"In the book before us, Sir E. Lytton presents himself in his
most becoming attitude. Thus, we repeat, we prefer The Cax-
tons to most of Sir Bulwer Lytton's recent novels.”—Athenæum.
See also Westm. Rev., lii. 407.
•
•
43. Letters to John Bull, Esquire, on Affairs connected
with his Landed Property, and the Persons who live
thereon, 1851; 8th ed. same year. A review of these
Letters, which are explanatory of the author's Protec-
tionist views, and did much to procure his election to Par-
liament in 1852, will be found in Edin. Rev., xciv. 140.
44. Outlines of the Early History of the East: a Lecture
delivered before the Royston Mechanics' Institution, 1852.
45. Not so Bad as we Seem, or Many Sides to a Ques-
tion; a five-act Comedy, 1852, Svo; 1853, Svo. 46. My
Novel; or, Varieties of English Life, by Pisistratus Cax-
ton, 1853, 4 vols. 8vo; 1853, 2 vols. p. Svo; 1854, 2 vols.
12mo; 1855, 2 vols. cr. Svo. This is one of the most
generally-admired of the author's works;
"Forming the most complete picture of English life, in all its
varieties, that has ever perhaps been comprehended within the
compass of a single novel.”—John Bull.
47. Inaugural Address as Honorary President of the
Associated Societies of the Edinburgh University, 1854,
Svo. To Sir Edward we are also indebted for the Memoir
of Laman Blanchard prefixed to the Sketches from Life
by the latter, (see BLANCHARD, LAMAN,) as well as for
other literary papers, for which we must be content to
make a general acknowledgment. This inexhaustible no-
velist has commenced the publication of a new novel (48)—
"What will He do with it?"-in the last number (June,
1857) of Blackwood's Magazine. His Poetical and Dra-
matic Works have been collected into 5 vols. p. Svo:
vol. i., 1852; ii., iii., iv., 1853; v., 1854; pub. by Chap-
man and Hall, London. An American ed. (the first) of
Dramas and Poems, by Sir E. Bulwer Lytton, was pub. in
Boston, 1857, 1 vol. 32mo. Of his Novels and Tales there
have been several collective eds.,--viz.: With Frontispiece
and Vignettes, pub. by Saunders and Otley, London, 14 vols.
P. 8vo, 1840-45. Cheap ed., pub. by Chapman and Hall,
20 vols. cr. Svo, 1848-53. Messrs. Routledge & Co. have
recently entered into arrangements with the author for the
exclusive publication of his works for a term of ten years;
and it is said (we know not with what truth) that for this
privilege they are to pay him no less than £20,000. Whilst
we do not conceive that either the cause of good morals or
the reputation of the author would have been greatly the
loser by a convenient forgetfulness in the reprinted edi-
tions of several of the earlier and one or two of the later
works of this popular writer, we deem it only an act of
justice to copy the following very sensible preface from
Chapman and Hall's new and revised issue of Sir Edward
Bulwer Lytton's Novels and Tales:
"ADVERTISEMENT BY THE AUTHOR.
"For some years I have entertained the wish to publisk, an edi-
tion of my works in such form and at such a price as may bring
them within the easy reach of every class of my countrymen. The
recent example of an illustrious contemporary (Mr. Dickens) did
not, therefore, suggest, though it undoubtedly has served to en-
courage, the present enterprise.
"In all my writings, those truths that have the most durable
connection with the general interests of mankind have ever the
most warmed my fancy or tasked my reason. With the people, in
the larger sense of the word, I have always associated my objects
as an author; and in the hands of that people I now place theso
evidences of the sympathy which exists between all who recognise
in labour the true dignity of life. To struggle, and to struggle
upwards, is the law which connects the destinies of the multitude
with the aspirations of the scholar. All who think are co-operative
with all who toil.
Having, whether as a writer, or at one time as an actor in
public life, advocated steadfastly that principle which would place
whatever books can convey of profit or of pleasure within the at-
tainment of the humblest reader, so I trust it is not with an ill
grace that I now contribute my slender offering to those granaries
73
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of intellectual food which our age, with a wiser charity than our
fathers', throws open to all who feel, as a want of our nobler na-
ture, the hunger of the mind.
"If I cannot, in works of so light a character, profess to teach,
at least it may be mine not ignobly to interest.-not frivolously
to amuse; while there is that progressive link between book and
book which permits me to indulge the hope that many a mind
which my fancies may please, or my speculations may arouse,
will be led unconsciously on to the study of wiser instructors
and graver masters.
same cannot be said of the next great novelist whose genius has
adorned English literature. In the highest qualities acquired in
this branch of composition, SIR EDWARD BULWER LYTTON stands
pre-emineut, and entitled to a place beside Scott himself, at the
very head of the prose-writers of works of imagination in our
country. Born of a noble family, the inheritor of ancestral halls
of uncommon splendour and interest, he has received from his
Norman forefathers the qualities which rendered them noble. No
man was ever more thoroughly imbued with the elevated thoughts,
the chivalrous feelings, which are the true mark of patrician blood,
and which, however they may be admired by others, never per-
haps exist in such purity as in those who, like the Arab steeds of
high descent, can trace their pedigree back through a long series
of ancestors. In delineating the passion of love, and unfolding its
secret feelings, as well in his own as the opposite sex, he is unrivalled
in English literature: Madame de Stael herself has not portrayed
it with greater truth or beauty. In that respect he is greatly su
perior to Scott, who cared little for sentiment, and, when he did
|
paint the tender feelings, did so from their external symptoms and
from the observation of others only. Bulwer would seem to have
drawn his pictures from a much truer and wider source.-his own
experience. He describes so powerfully and so well because he
has felt so deeply. There is no portrait so faithful as that which
is drawn by a great master of himself. Rienzi is one of the most
perfect historical romances, Godolphin and Ernest Mattravers
among the most interesting and charming novels, in the English
language. Nor is he only remarkable as a novel-writer; he is at
the same time a successful poet and dramatist. He has inhaled
the kindred spirit of Schiller in the translation of his ballads. His
Timon is by far the most brilliant satire, his plays the most popular
dramatic of the age in
dramatic compositions, of the age in which he lives.
We have already quoted many opinions respecting the
merits and demerits of our author, and have many more
before us, which, from lack of space, must remain un-
quoted. The industrious reader, however, can amuse
himself by turning over the following books, while we
proceed to the next article of our Dictionary: Allan Cun-
ningham's Biog. and Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the Last
Fifty Years, 1833; H. F. Chorley's Authors of England;
Gilfillan's Second and Third Galleries of Literary Por-
traits; Sir Archibald Alison's Essays, 1850, iii. 113;
Bayne's Essays on Biography and Criticism, First Series,
Essay VII.; The Modern Novel, Whipple's Lects., No-
vels and Novelists, 54-57; Whipple's Essays and Reviews,
Novels of the Season, ii. 402-405; Willis's Pencillings
by the Way; Edin. Rev., xc. 211; Westm. Rev., xxxix.
18, 33; Brit. Quar. Rev., i. 369; Irish Quar. Rev., ii. 476;
Blackw. Mag., xxvii. 711, xxx. 396, 531, 533, xxxii. 861,
xxxix. 458, n., xl. 850; Fraser's Mag., i. 509, iii. 713, iv.
520, v. 107, vi. 112, xvi. 347, xxi. 71, (by W. M. Thacke-
ray,) xxxii. 341; Dubl. Univ. Mag., xxix. 323; N. Amer.
Rev., xliv. 426, (by W. Phillips ;) Amer. Quar. Rev., viii.
93, xix. 381; Amer. Whig Rev., xii. 312; N. York Demo-
crat. Rev., x. 607 N. York Eclec. Mag., vi. 237, ix. 71,
xv. 60; N. York Lit. and Theolog. Rev., i. 412; Phila.
Mus., xxvi. 76; Bost. Liv. Age, x. 362, (from Tait's Mag.,
by G. Gilfillan;) South. Lit. Mess., i. 246, iii. 90, vi. 405.
"Edward Lytton Bulwer has vigorous and varied powers: in
all that he has touched on he has shown great mastery; his sense
of the noble, the beautiful, or the ludicrous, is strong; he can
move at will into the solemn or the sarcastic; he is equally excel
lent in describing a court or a cottage, and is familiar with gold
spurs and with clouted shoon. Bulwer is devoted to the cause
of literature: all his speeches allude to it; his motions in Parlia-
ment refer to it; and in private as well as public life he is its |
warm and eloquent advocate."-ALLAN CUNNINGHAM: Biog, and
Crit. Hist. of the Lit. of the Last Fifty Years.
|
"If some of his other works are not of equal merit, it is only
the usual fate of genius to be more happy in some conceptions than
others. In all the marks of deep reflection and profound thought
are to be seen, as well as great observation of, and power in delineat
ing, character. A more serious defect is to be found in the occa-
sional choice of his subject, and the charms with which his magic
pencil has sometimes environed vice. The greatest admirers of his
genius cannot but feel surprised that he should have chosen as the
heroine of one of his novels a woman who commits three murders,
including that of her own husband and son; or regret that one so
capable of charming the world by pictures of romance in its most
elevated form should ever have exerted his powers on the descrip-
tion of low life or characters and scenes of the most shocking
depravity. It is true he never makes licentiousness in the end
successful, and the last impression in his works, as well as innu-
merable exquisite reflections. are all on the side of virtue; but in
catastrophe can counteract the previous impression. Every one
intermediate stages it appears often so attractive that no fina!
knows that this is no more than what occurs in real life; but that
is just the reason why additional force should not be given to it by
the charms of imagination. It is true, painting requires contrast,
and the mixture of light and shade is requisite to bring out the
forms and illustrate the beauty of nature; but the painter of the
mind, not less than of material objects, would do well to recollect
the rule of Titian.—that the greater part of every picture should be
in mezzotints, and a small portion only in deep shade.”—Alison's
Hist. of Europe, 1815–1852, chap. v.
.
Lytton, Lady Rosina Bulwer, daughter of the
late Francis Wheeler, Esq., of Lizzard-Connell, county of
The brilliant fame of Sir Edward Lytton Bulwer as a novelist, Limerick, Ireland, was married in 1827 to the preceding.
and as a dramatic writer, has tended much to eclipse and dis-
parage his appearances as a poet. In the two former departments She has given to the world: 1. Cheveley; or, The Man
he ranks deservedly as a magnate: in the last his status is more of Honour, Lon., 1839, 3 vols. p. 8vo. See Lon. Athen.,
questionable. although, I confess, this is a thing rather to be felt 1838, 235, 380. 2. The Budget of the Bubble Family,
than explained. He constantly touches the confines of success.
1840, 3 vols. p. Svo. 3. Bianca Capello; an Historical
and stands before the gate; but the Open Sesame' comes not to
4. Memoirs of a Mus-
his lips. Perhaps it is that, in his themes, we have rather able Romance, 1842, 3 vols. p. Svo.
and eloquent treatment than that colouring glow of imagination covite, edited by Lady L., 1844, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Lady L.
which has been termed inspiration. With fine descriptive powers, assures us that this story of modern Italian life is the
and with boundless range of illustration, there is a want of reli- production of a Freuch author, and was written in that
ance on simple nature,—of that fusion of the poet in his subject
language. See Lon. Athen., 1844, 475. 5. The Peer's
which can alone give that subject consecration,-the poetic art
without the poetic vision; and this defect is apparent in all his Daughters, 1849, 3 vols. p. 8vo. Illustrative of the age
verse, from his early Weeds and Wild-Flowers, O'Niel the Rebel, of Louis XV. 6. Miriam Sedley; or, Tares and the Wheat,
Ismael, and The Siamese Twins, down to his Eva, or the I-1849, 3 vols. p. Svo; 1851, 3 vols. p. Svo.
Omened Marriage, his Modern Timon, and his more elaborate and
ambitious King Arthur. His translations of the poems and bal
Jade of Schiller are, however, justly held in estimation among
scholars for their spirit and delity."-Moir's Sketches of the Poet.
Lit of the Pust Half-Century, 1851, 302–303.
6.
It is impossible to deny to Lady Lytton the merit of power
both of conception and expression."-Lon. Critic, 1851, 231.
7. Behind the Scenes, 1854, 3 vols. p. 8vo. 8. The
School for Husbands; or, The Life and Times of Molière.
Some of the dialogues in this work have been highly com.
mended. 9. Very Successful, 1857, 3 vols. p. 8vo.
"If the romances of Mr. James are deficient in the delineation
of the secret feelings that dwell in the recesses of the heart, the
1154
"May these works, then, thus cheaply equipped for a wider and
more popular mission than they have hitherto fulfilled, find favour
in those hours when the shop is closed, when the flocks are penned!
and the loom has released its prisoner! may they be read by those
who, like myself. are workmen! may they afford some relaxation
after toil, some solace amidst pain, some not unsalutary escape
from the stern realities of life! The sterner the realities, the more
the escape is needed.—EDWARD BULWER LYTTON."


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